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Yeats
Akademiya Nauk SSSR
FLORA of the U.S.S.R.
Volume XVI
B.K. Shishkin, Editor
Umbelliflorae
TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN
Published for the Smithsonian Instit
and the eas Science Founda ti ion; Wa chin ngton, zs C.
by the Israel Program for Scienti ific Translat
Sor BOTANICHESKII INSTITUT IM. V.L. KOMAROVA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR
Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
FLORA of the U.S.S.R.
(Flora SSSR)
(Series initiated by V.I. Komarov)
Volume XVI
Umbelliflorae
Chief Editor B.K. Shishkin
Volume Editor B.K. Shishkin
Compiled by
E.G. Bobrov, B.A. Fedchenko, E.P. Korovin,
A.N. Krishtofovich, I.A. Linchevskii,
A.I. Poyarkova, and B.K. Shishkin
Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR
Moskva-Leningrad
1950
Translated from Russian
Israel Program for Scientific Translations
Jerusalem 1973
TT 72-50067
Published Pursuant to an Agreement with
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
and
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Copyright © 1973
Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd.
IPST Cat. No. 60115 1
ISBN 0 7065 1298 7
Translated by R. Lavoott
Edited by Prof. J. Lorch
Printed in Jerusalem by Keter Press
Binding: Wiener Bindery Ltd., Jerusalem
Available from the
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
- “Spring tield,. Vay 22051
co
VII/7/3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Russian English
page page
Systematic Index of Speciesin Volume XVI ........2..00:2... vii ix
PRIA CCHME rs oie ety us mice o sis oo pie, ME ek. Mek LAGe a >, 28 See BPP MSE. « Vv 1
Ger s0ecqWmbellifiorae Bartly) .c Ni bem Tee +l Spano once it 3
Rammilys CX VAlieAraltaceaety ent! ~ oie G a. --maeeecere ss. + 1 3
IN@Yy WO GEMS! Soaso sesh sssnsoddac bods bd soobE coo boone OED 2 3
Genus ®Fatsia Decne. et Planch. .......... 2 4
Genus, 9o2) sHuerdic ay ale mers eet enone Pieeeeek =. 3 5
Genus 933. Echinopanax Decne. et Planch. 17 14
Genus 934. Acanthopanax Seem. ........ 1S) 15
Genus 985. Eleutherococcus Maxim. ... 20 16
Genus) 936. . Kallopa nave Miq-esemis .50 See 21 18
Genus, 937). Awrallital tits i e216 eee Circe ” 24 19
Genus ISG" Pata KO aati es ee nee. 34 ai
Ramla Gees WimbelliferaesViOrise «rm ryel-tere 21-bitatsietedareieiels)> 36 28
Key to GEmera ++ eee cee reece ccc eee cee e eee e cree ee eeeee 40 30
Subfamily I. Hydrocotyloideae Drude ..........-..... 57 42
Gensy939: MeiyGrocotyler iia wat ica. elelr- eiebertn 57 43
Genus, J40 ps iGie mi teyicae Lape deey sade usueieteietetolhate 09 44
Subfamily Il. Sanmiculoideae Drude ------++-+---..--- 60 45
iribe la Saniculede Wrudey p-s-t-14-e ey ==) = ecleee rel - 61 45
Gams VAP Seiwowila Wass somseseoeooe 3508 61 46
Genus¢o42) | Asie rami ARIS 2). seas os ee 66 49
Genus 943. Actinolema Fenzl............ 71 03
Genisi944. SExy MNO eid ville Mata sto. tos eynsekeersl 6 - 73 54
Subfamily sie, sAploldeaey Dinde@taee wer as er) ieleeieeene | 88 65
Tribe 1. Echinophoreae Benth. et Hook. ------+--- 88 65
Gens, J4555 EC hw mo, pilnorgay ey al. eek eet; 88 65
Tribe 2. Scandiceae DC. «+++. eee ee eee rere re eeee 90 68
Genus 946. Physocaulis (DC.) Tausch..... 93 68
Genus 94 27 Chiacrop hy iwi a are eee 94 69
Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum
KegeOh ese S sik Nk oy ae sf .. 4 98 72
Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.)
SCMUS CMa wom else cic eee Ooi cr noeeas 109 19
Subgenus 3. Buniomorfa K-Pol. ..... 110 80
(The page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin of the text]
iil
Genus 948. Krasnovia M. Pop............ 117 85
Genus 949. Sphallerocarpus Bess. ...... 118 86
Genus 950. Grammosciadium DC....... 120 87
Genus 951. Caropodium Stapf et Wettst. 123 89
Genus 952. Anthriscus (Pers.) Hoffm. .... 125 91
Gens o53e Scarica ley ee we eee 139 101
Subgenus 1. Pecten (Duby) Thell. .... 140 102
Subgenus 2. Wylia (Hoffm.) Thell..... 145 105
Subgenus 3. Scandicium C.Koch.... 146 =6105
Genus Jo.) Os imionhaz a. Rakine | 27 eereeer 148 107
GEMS SB5o° MVE INS INN 6 5 c55G55605000- 150 109
Genus 956. Albertia Rgl. et Schm. ...... 151 110
GenusiJoiles auomuitsieAd ans yey renee eee 153 111
Subgenus 1. Eu- Torilis (DC.) Drude.. 154 112
Subgenus 2. Daucalis (Pomel) Schischk. 163 118
Genus 958. Psammogeton Edg........... 164 119
Genus i959" As trodes | Drude; sere 169 122
Genusr 9605 1G an ciallasnye teeta. eae eerie 172 124
Genus 961. Turgenia Hoffm. ............ 174 127
Gemias, I62:oul saleram BOIS te cbt. - - et telat e a ATA 128
Genusi9632 Ortay a goin Gee. eit aries = 181 130
iribe; 3. (Conmandrede moc ena eia y+ -1 ee meneteroreh: 184 132
Genus) 964) Ciomi ain darn e lamp -rartetarnoted-Fereite 184 132
Genus 965. Schtschurovskia Rgl.
@e Solutmmailln, occocggcccvaccccc000 000000000 186 134
Genus 966. Kosopoljanskia Korov. ..... 188 136
Genus 967. Fuernrohria C.Koch ........ Angie 137
Genus 968. Schrenkia Fisch. et Mey. 192 138
Genus 969. Bifora Hoffm. ..........---+-- 198 143
Tribe 4. Smyrnieae Koch -----ceeesssceeeeceee 202 144
Genus 970. Astomatopsis Korov. ........ 203 145
Genus) 9/75 ce alii gle niayeD Czar -rteter eee 204 146
Subgenus 1. Eueleosticta Korov. 207 148
Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov. 217 156
Genus 972. Smyrnium L. --------------- 218 156
Genus 973. Smyrniopsis Boiss. ........-- 222 159
Genny gio Iemma ey /Nlo cos o aces cancodaos 223 159
Gaui elias (GOmlwial We Soc bgo0sodecuacas 225 161
Genus 976. Pleurospermum Hoffm. ..... 229 163
Genus 977. Hymenolaena DC. .......... 233 166
Genus 978. Eleutherospermum C.Koch 236 168
Genus 979. Aulacospermum Ldb. ....... 238 170
Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk. 241 170
Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk. .. 245 175
1V
Genus 980. Trachydium Lindl. ........... 246 175
Genus 981. Eremodaucus Bge. .-.--+-+.-- 250 iT
Genus 982. Lecokia DC. .-..----.-ceeeees 251 178
Genus 983. Hippomarathrum Hoffmgg.
CUMIN: 5 522% Ver te tle DE eee elds EEE os 252 179
Genus 984. Cachrys L. emend. Koch ....... 204 181
Genus 985. Cryptodiscus Schrenk ........ 260 185
Genus 986. Prangos Lindl. ................ 263 187
Tribe, on Mohenackerteae Ealests wer. taste sete sie = oe 2738 195
Genus 987. Hohenackeria Fisch. et Mey.... 273 =: 195
Tribe: Gis AminineaenGoche ser. tks War. areal oleae ate 1 274 196
Genus 988. Bupleurum L. ....:...:....... 275 196
Subgenus 1. Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol. 283 202
Subgenus 2. Bupleurotypus K.-Pol.... 287 205
Subgenus 3. Agostana (S.F. Gray) K.-Pol. 333. 239
Genus 989. Trinia Hoffm. -....-.......e.. 349 251
Subgenus 1. Eutrinia (Baill.) Drude..... 350 202
Genus 990. Rumia Hoffm. ..... nocoagogasd 358 257
GenussIOie. Mined ebro re lear WOlhh esc = 361 259
Genus 992. Ormopterum Schischk. ....... 363 261
Genus 993. Szovitsia Fisch.et Mey. ....... 364 261
Genus 994. Aphanopleura Boiss. ...-..... 365 262
Genus 995. Froriepia C.Koch ............ 368 264
CSS So, (wis mOe hy oaoanoscenoenctoe 369 265
SEs SIGs ANON Ihe HocodGancnoo uo 8 370 266
Genus 998. Helosciadium Koch ......... 372 267
Genus 999) Petroselinum) Horim.? 22.0 c. 5. 373 268
Genus 1OOO-F Siisio nul A acine aclec. seme 34
>
Order 30. Umbelliflorae Bartl.
Family CXVIII. Araliaceae Vent.
Genus * Fatsia Dene. et Planch.
Genus 932. Hedera L.
PecolchicaGaiwochs) sea aha cee ed acs eae ats
. Pastuchovii G. Woron.. ............468-.
. caucasigena’ Pojarkeo ska |. 92 M8.G. Leis Le
PECAMPIC AN CAavY se, oosis) vetue, wi erin ese cep Wola fer oem Meme Grae Bact
Genus 933. Echinopanax Dene. et Planch.
Nive Pat ume Nace bit ssc ch Pain veh Bole otae am teks Melon to foe oe Mais
Genus 934. Acanthopanax Seem.
. sessiliflorum (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. ...... .
Genus 935. Eleutherococcus Maxim.
. senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. ........
Genus 936. Kalopanax Miq.
. septemlobum (Thunb.) Koidz.. ...........
Genus 937. Aralia L.
Section 1. Dimorphanthus Miq.
elata (Miq.) Seems “2.9 8 Ue S i) aye ee etat
. mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim... .....--.-..-.-.
* [This index has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. ]
** [Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.]
op fer unes, petemelen ce
eae et) Ges He. te,
hpvee evn esse!
el jer! fel! je) | Kein lie
Russian
page ME
18
19
Section 2. Herbaralia Nakai
Picordatarlhanbacay otc veatai ok oe te Mtcbae h MeMM Nath oi) saat Gihse oa een
, continentalis Kitagawa : . - :*. - 2 2). Gti Ge a0
) SchmidtiPoyarks = oo 6. 2 2 S60. See
Cae
> > Pp
Genus 938. Panax L.
1k Peeschineseno™Nees*v-rEsenber ote hes 2 ais se a a
Family CXIX. Umbelliferae Moris.
Subfamily 1. Hydrocotyloideae Drude
Genus 939. Hydrocotyle L.
Bevualgaris Lie%, 2 lale 9m. a Las 6 Gr sof ea Ee eee Cae ee
» ranunculordes: L, file: e6.*s) . SORES. ee ROO LOS, CRERAL
t yamitlona Maximiccs 2 600k fee Guo e oe Pa ten hl oe
So Be
Loe
Genus 940. Centella L.
1. Casiatica ((L.): Urban no 8 estos Rk PE eae
Subfamily 2. Saniculoideae Drude
Tribe Saniculeae Drude
Genus 941. Sanicula L.
Section 1. Erythrosana Baill.
1 Seerubriflora Fr: (Schmidt) 2 = ou2 Ae is & ee See eae
Section 2. Eusanicula Wolff
9850); 2S. europaca len oes. 5 3 ktm uae oreo) oe) camo
30S; chinen'sisi Boe oe io oe oe te © eRe cu ee)
Genus 942. Astrantia L.
Section 1. Macraster Calest.
wie) le). ve) er eh “et ler ‘Yel ie: ies fey We ce) Ge) ie) , \e(hifol mefiise:u) yo! s nell [obs tomate: ile) ome olmES.
Pw Nr
Sie bate ke
5
i.)
3
i
Genus 943. Actinolema Fenzl
“ CryngioiGes) Wenz Fo so eee son) use eene s Lonee eo) + ate eee
= MacKolema Bosse. esi or 4 6 deeumel mene eorlian (ollie Iyoyeree marine eatearenice
=
> >
9860.
9870.
13.
14.
eo
BagiventedmeM. "Die fe BR 5
Section 2. Campestria Wolff
FUNG eH UE EVOIGB at feo MO ai) RE eta arto 8 ete oe
Emesmpestre Lisiimti 6 (0% e208 6) tye Jee tae om
E. nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse .--------- -
By balchanicum Bobr! fo taut cote pee ee ee
Section 3. Ovalifolia Bobr.
E. macrocalyx Schrenk .--- e+ ee et ert
EPunicogmtum®Pavik )sitemeit) sth Nena eter soe. EAINR Ii:
By Bungel Boiss: 0-9 cok ee Fea ca
Section 4. Lancifolia Bobr.
Roukaratavicumpllpines 2 aie se 2 - ee eet
Reanipandum, Bobra «cos 2 se 2, ated he aweeel pee
Section 5. Plana Wolff
Etgplanumoly o'.- oie eevee © ee ie is wet kak
E. Biebersteinianum Nevski .- +--+ 2-2: 7:7:
Section 9. Halobia Calest.
Eeuifanitiniimele. cee pecs ue hae lee alee one orgie. Sa
Section 7. Haplophylla Woron.
Eo Wanaturi’ Wonen,o acon ce cathe oh Ma cals
Subfamily Il. Apioideae Drude
Tribe 1. Echinophoreae Benth. et Hook.
Genus 945. Echinophora L.
Section 1. Leucophora DC.
Ex trichophyllasmith ye 2) oe eee
Section 2. Chrysophora DC.
E. Sibthorpiana Guss. - 0-30-42 8 et
. Ph. nodosus (L.) Tausch
Genus 944. Eryngium L.
Section 1. Alpina Wolff
Tribe 2. Scandiceae DC.
Genus 946. Physocaulis (DC.) Tausch
XI
a ees ieee wel fakes” 0
ay avhep gies aetl ives eo
76
76
78
78
79
80
80
83
84
84
85
86
87
87
89
90
93
Genus 947. Chaerophyllum L.
Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum K.-Pol.
A; Chepromaticamibs . co.0802 30s 3m Come ee ee ee 99
2 Ch maculata Willd Oe. dic ee ak RAR ROR ee he ee 99
§. Chiicreutaria Villes.. <5 2 se = oye 3 wie ie! Wage as eae 100
a'Ch banile'Stev> 2 ace se Ree me Ce ane reas ay ace 101
9860. 5: (hk. Kinpati Woreas i 76 62) Sinus f= + ee eS ee 102
6:Ch. Soscum Me Bad ee Siw) BO Se, eee 102
7, Ch, rubellum Alb... .... Se ee ee ee ee ee Ee 104
@ Ch: astrantiae Boiss, eb Baby soe SN 6 8 ce ee 2 eo 104
CO Ch. Borodintt Bibs 6 v0 tk ae es, ee ee, Soe ey Se 107
10. Ch. khorossanicum Czernjak.. . 2... 2 2 ee ee ee ee 108
Tore femalnm Lips) ye ee a ase eee nen eee iin oe "Soe 108
Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) Schischk.
12. Ch. macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey... ........... 109
Subgenus 3. Bunimorpha K.-Pol.
43. Ch, ‘asgelitifoliam M:.B.. 3. 2 2 102 4 2 8 OOD Oe 110
14. Ch. Meyeri Boiss. et Buhse . 2... 2-1 ee ee ee 111
Gaog; “35; Ghivepnfisum Woroh. : 403 66 8 oe ce es 3 ee eee lll
16. GR. temulsides Boisst 6. eel Soles oo ls os See 112
Uae. eriitum BOISs: 60:4 5 sis Sos eon 4 See eS ke el 2 eee 112
18. Ch. balbosnii Lb.’ 2 5.6 2268 2 ee kee Ses ee 113
19, Ch. caucasicum (Fisch.) Schischk. . . - 0 2. 2 2 2 1. ee 114
20. Ch. Bobrovii Schischk. ol Serge? ese) Mel ke’ feminres: eberey cei) te: Mietriah “ei- iat arstin Cente 115
91. Ch. Prescott DC ene? 20ST et 0 seer es cs Ae 116
Genus 948. Krasnovia M. Pop.
1. K. longiloba (Kar; et Kir.) M. Pop.» if. 2 s.-))) as - 2 2 2 os 118
Genus 949. Sphallerocarpus Bess.
12S: gracilis (Besso)ike-Polss ton. 2 Suge gla, Mera) ol eee een oe 119
Genus 950. Grammosciadium DC.
LG: daucoides: DO25. SPAS ae eee ete ar) Ret eran 120
Genus 951. Caropodium Stapf et Wettst.
9900. 1. C. armenum (Bordz.) Schischk.. ....-. 2... -5- 00-4204 123
2. C. platycarpum (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk. ........-.-.- 124
Genus 952. Anthriscus (Pers.) Hoffm.
Section 1. Cacosciadium (Rchb.) Schischk.
1. A. nemorosa (MeB-)aSprengyoe. 2) 0.0) "es See ees Ca 127
2. Az silvestris (l.)pHotfime > << 3.505 ce ee amy eee ee 128
3. A. aemula (Woron.) Schischk.. . -. 2. -- 2 - + 2 2s ee tees 129
Xil
4 SArcvelutinal Som. et Levi) eis) iis) asic te) ee ee wt ie de yo crete 130
Se At gracile sLipskyee- arcuiewnelon «7 o8 ot ay se Miche cramer. Reel Ox ee eee 131
63. As, nitidai(Wahl)iGarckeriwl ays: i hike ie © ROMO Re Nee Ct AR 131
Section 2. Caroides Boiss.
han Ae Ruprechtii OES Soper Bie Tan ata eh a, (Sa at Mae ose: Utica ae Ven Reta eS 132
S. Aj Sosnovskyi ochischk.{igy9) \auaewe = Smad. = = G6. 135
9910. 9. A. Schmalhausenii (Alb.) K.-Pol. .... 2... 2. . 2522 6.3) 135
Section 3. Cerefolium (Rchb.) Schischk.
10. A. cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. .-.---- 2.) eee ee ee. 136
ft. A. longirostris Bertol.: --.--- 6: - ++ 2+ +--+ s-5- sss eee 137
12. A; scandicina (Web.) Mansf.. ..-.---.- 2-2-5555 2.:5 5 138
Genus 953. Scandix L.
Subgenus 1. Pecten (Duby) Thell.
LAS: pecten Veneris | ANT IS re CMe tM Ry Hi VEN. SUE aie Uma rma ec ery Geen 141
DP SKGHersicalViahts st Rint ON ce e's Oy oh Gods gitthte Wnmmaraia Lome 141
SHES Seater rica Nes Bary NS) PEI hy ee eee ks kaka! sdibae e 142
Subgenus 2. Wylia (Hoffm.) Thell.
Me Ss faleata LeOmde ec hd ee alee ak: ne Ae. wo REVERT A ek cote i eee 145
Subgenus 3. Scandicium C. Koch.
Sas wstetlata. Solana: s Sis) a S00 See RRND ee eee 146
G4-S;-Aucheri: Boiss2.6. << «esd as ae. eaceeeey awk NER Re CE ea a eee 147
Genus 954. Osmorhiza Rafin.
waco oa. OQ. aristata (Thunb:)*Mak. 0027} 5 os sR tee Re ee ose | Lag
Genus 955. Myrrhis Mill.
so Mevpdorata, (1s) Scopes) tue eis weiss ys Oo cere: “acapn Sihnes ya dy hae 150
Genus 956. Albertia Rgl. et Schm.
1 As paleacea Rol. eteSehmie Fa sects WON s oe a a ee a? 152
Genus 957. Torilis Adans.
Subgenus 1. Eu-Torilis (DC.) Drude
Section 1. Anthriscaria Thellung
me
fa |
Mijapomicas(houttys DC ail iis Gucns slp Weir hw alt neem AML 154
Qo li UCFAINICA CS BEEN cialis, Nese) wid’ misiylouitenvem en Auras eee See eM ARE NOE he 156
Xill
9930.
9940.
3.7. arvensis (Huds.) Link -)-, °0-.-) =, 6 ec cee -folnaeel So: walak eoralane ht
XV
187
188
191
192
193
194
195
196
196
197
197
201
202
263
207
207
208
208
209
210
9970.
9980.
9990.
ie alarcan (aipsky)mkconowen elena ena
8S. ugamica: KonovWfeje§ =. <) -\%, +, =) ee a oe
97S. KorovaniteBobrs, 3.2) i) 6.55 ieee Poe ae eb ee
10. S. samarcandica Korov......-+....+..-.---.
Section 2. Corymbosae Korov.
11. S. allioides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Boiss. .......
125 Sevclauceseens "(DCS Boiss. «ier i solide
See Seapolycanpaslonovceapmeun ie ey oe
14. S. hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky .........
lSegSw ferganensis Lipsky, wniciec tee ies es es
16;, S) Korshinskyi, (Lipsky) sNonovo. gue 2 eso -e gem ol)
Iver osetranscaspica | Monovc.c 76m - s)he) ce eae
18. S. tschimganica Korov. -.--.-.-........-
Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov.
19. S. setacea (Schrenk) Korov.. ..... .....
Genus 972. Smyrnium L.
lenSeepertoliatume eon. ys ERM Cue Pe ee
De SP ecorgdifolum BOSS: 4s. a. ks CONAN ale ete feuds BS cals ghey ae ees
Genus 973. Smyrniopsis Boiss.
levS@earmenae Schiseliken emer cnn ice -Uachise to) ae
Genus 974. Danaa All.
1. D. nudicaulis (M. B.) Grossh. ...........
2. D. denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk.. . ..... .
Genus 975. Conium L.
Ge arrvarchualtaitiunrra ee ee SE ae es) oh iste eee ed tiie ube eT Rene
Genus 976. Pleurospermum Hoffm.
IeOPevaustyracumele dotime 0) (eerie ee
2: )Pamuralense Hofims i-c-5 8-0 Gf) bo et te
32°. camtschaticum Hoffimy 2 42-2): 2-12 2.) = -
Genus 977. Hymenolaena DC.
1. H. pimpinellifolia Rupr... .. . 2.7) 2 2 5 3%
Beiel, MAME IN 6 6 co 8 6 a a 6 6 5 9 bg 8 0 8 8
3) H. alpina Schischkt)” 7) -7 -7 9-1-8 -) 8 ee
Genus 978. Eleutherospermum C. Koch
1. E. cicutarium (M. B.) Boiss... .-..-..-+-+-+--s
2s Ee lazicumeBoiss. vet) aly & oi a) oul >) peewee
XVI
CMPCHRRO Oe Owr. | O° 6
ey | Set ie yeh) in or Ao mnars,
ay Lely wer W yeg de, eye Set Be)
eee ay Stet Lon © is), elev iP ioyemre
oy wh Net kee fel eh emia!
oe Rela Lelie pik oy Re
et) Key! \eim he? en femalsiuare
Ci CCE OA OO
210
211
212
212
213
214
214
215
216
216
217
217
221
221
222
223
224
225
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
10 000.
10010.
~
ja oye oreo
Saree Sor Sop ee
PrP Prrrpr
pe GD LS
GI@i@l@ AANAA
uU'v'0'U
Genus 979. Au
lacospermum Ldb.
Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk.
. anomalum Ldb.. . . .
wisetense (Spreng.)*Schischks 4). 2 oo SURE eee 1-8.
/darvasicum®(Hipsky)*Schischk.) >): ( By.) ele Weep.
. simplex Rupr. ... .
. turkestanicum (Franch.)
‘eRe Joh eh tee ena tet set Toi sent ter) Soe Nee tom Kot es: So Neh ee
Schischics>. seeker. welnesteavets JA?
Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk.
Genus 980. T
. kopetdaghense Korov.
. dichotomum Korov.. .
Genus 981. E
. Lehmannii Bge. . . .
ee tianschanieum(Norov,) (G2 Nonman) i rise es Goa te
rachydium Lindl.
ey la Tey wie” res jel Teh hehe Re AML Eb eliaiolMnely Ml. 0)Miretmeio) yirecahie! ieNl (ei tie
oem rey, ey toy) Wey tate ele Helis new val! sok Welt wie eemtolsli tet ‘we! tol Violate ire
remodaucus Bge.
OMe Nel! ce elew seh se, Biel iol cere ceik Jouko Mie) Fe) ver ey ve: ‘Sect en | yer | Me
Genus 982. Lecokia DC.
. cretica (Lam.) DC.. .
Genus 983. Hippom
. microcarpum (M. B.) B.
. caspium (DC.) Grossh.
Mlongilobume(DE.) Bok edtscho. 2) soe oe ay ee ee a
Genus 98
eiteteelenVilel server) Met (tex elu ime el Kat, [leh vietel tet ave oie) eh Riatmiy ey. re
arathrum Hoffmgg. et Link
Pedts chiang: piseic ernie Mee DAU aR os
4. Cachrys L.
~talpinatM SB een + ie salecnse okies Bo ode RO Cree gs Ee
wmarcocarpanLdbs: «+ 3c) 28. e ns. ) ce 1 PORES. ./5. Sapaadeioae cece
SherdenpRelswncy ao. Mos ec sh ets we ene TR Sayan SP ae
. odontalgica Pall... .
aipubescens*(Palll.)) Schischks «<0 cy ci-« c#-ss) 1) sah oak Seeeeie: uae ae
Genus 985. Cryptodiscus Schrenk
Genus 986.
. acaulis (DC.) Bornm. .
. ferulacea (L.) Lindl. .
. tschimganica B. Fedtsch
. isphairamica B. Fedtsch
j ahima@alillng y@e oo 615 oo 6 6 8 6 6 oO ee oe oO 6 8 Oe 8 6
. didymus (Rgl.) Korov.
veicachroides:, Schremkey pst oo cee rss Be eee eh eu Seki le
. arenarius Schischk.. .
oie ie}, eh fe fet Mie] Sey hey Galea he? lee ees cotBie: ici Ke iets’ Wa
oi sken mies ser lel! sep kiteln Neu eps lel (ey Keli leR cel sven ce ieee. cate, Te
Prangos Lindl.
Oke oleh glen ide eo) te: , ele: vie te). ew) Rio pateye Vom el eet cophic pe
eae) pe) (gifeh, Ste, fey te) ve. fel) ie: Uae @ pei iel oxeluM jel usolege:\;icewie! Yo
fore te for poy teng Ney ter, te 1s) leh Risk erpyey edwiereaieryiem je: cody ‘oe, Ge
a me ey ely Ole tes 0) be) epee Mee well © wield Mes Geuwichi ue) efee fe
XVil
241
242
243
243
244
245
246
249
250
252
253
254
257
257
258
259
259
260
261
262
263
265
265
266
267
10020.
10030.
10040.
—
VuyvuVvy UU yD
WDWWWWWWNWW WWD
DaWwwhw
. arcis-romanae Boiss. et Huet -..........
py bucharica ba edtsch.. = 9). -ui-) ican ener
Fwuloptera ©. 6s 6) ee so ah ee) (ele
Lipsky Korev. - = =. +, «4 « + seeieee teenie «
. lophoptera Boiss. =.) = -))-, -yyt-weeh eee) ree
.) pabulariay Lindley = 42 aed hy ee ee
saravschanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov. .... .
Eucylindroecarpasoxova yas octane
. Fedtschenkoi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov...... .
latilobag Noro macaed ay che. 6 Sie) Stee Gi eseek oeems
Tribe 5. Hohenackerieae Calest.
Genus 987. Hohenackeria Fisch. et Mey.
. exseapa (Stev.) K.-Pol.. . 2. . - . 208 2) Rte
Genus 988. Bupleurum L.
Subgenus 1. Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol.
Section 1. Laevia (Briq.) K.-Pol.
Section 2. Rugosa (Briq.) K.-Pol.
= laneifolium, Hornéme 6s oa Gk Alesana en
Subgenus 2. Bupleurotypus K.-Pol.
Section 1. Eubupleurotypus K.-Pol.
Subsection 1. Archaeopleurum Lincz.
longiradiatumelunez. e-oie-l-iye ge a Cee ere
eusachalinensesk Schmidt.) cia) y cy ou acl cen ane:
BRAS Chaise. ig oa ieneisiacoilics wll tale told on oh ay ak ee
abchasicummMandent) ay =) yous ann notes one
/ Jaureume Bischw. sleares Sc) ek oc Cate Rae eee
Mtmiultineny.e yD Gites: S65 Fe ah eee ly ch pees ie
. longiinvolucratum Kryl.. ..-.-.-.+-+-+-+-+.-
. guiczense O. et B. Fedtsch. .-..-.-+-+.-.--.
> triradiatum Adams®* oe os 6 Re
= densiflorummkupra fee eee n nae eee Reewneen
S Nordmannivanumieled been einen neem ern
; Sibiricum Vest... co slate 6 ies ae?
Subsection 2. Arpopleurum Lincz.
5 faleatumele Hee ies biyes Bok cierd cok Reem ane RRS oh ac
7 polyphyllum dba). +. 605 nee een
‘“polymorphum® Albi 20-0 +2154) <3 +s eeeeney ote ne
. Sosnovskyi Manden. .----+----+.- ++:
XVill
ey. 70.) (eu ‘ey Mey | velute
fel, Ger) fe) late | oie vere
we Oe tire ee va Bie,
aire Neher s fey oe
eC! on tf GO
6.9) Jaf. fe) W Aet Ate haronmte,
une OO) ice 5
‘votunditolium: Lis) Ree ke eee SR Sh roel oy) Aa eee
EP oOWAtEMANMT Steve 6. os etet et heen ae votiaMusim eee Ces
oidy Kejmets) pate Ve) Bis: Bie:
og AO tae) Bag ome
267
268
268
269
269
270
271
271
272
275
274
283
285
286
310
312
313
314
10050.
10060.
10070.
Dees Os uO ace On tin BO” 3 fo. nD
oh te” Fal Vee toh well tte! Bet. Aelaete
oy ey jel a> Rar” Fal hey Sret yeh md,
eT Te) Nietate Tiatee ee Wee DARE mS
oy) tiaaes WU wee (Rhy 78) seu) Bt 8
hn Oe ced Jom ee Tm Sa Yim tec
OP: Se? (heist Ua ies yt)
The OA nen Hees ee) 4, A
ee tb) Ciel, 0 GB) eer, eer 8s Must eae:
foi Wats Nel tot, Mex Wei Menuire: fe. “ie
Ohi Osteo low die fo
Cor Sp Ow 60s O90 Voce sO. (6
oN daly, Geb Kial ys fot, eel d Moya vow ys ieil Ae
20. B. Krylovianum Schischk. ...........
Zien Bacezimganteumipleinez-e-) 6) isi eee
22. B. badachschanicum Lincz.. ..........
23. B. Komarovianum Lincz.............-
24. B. scorzonerifolium Willd... .........
25) IB. bicauleridtelm™ vlc icy eae ee ea Ae IS ae
26.) Be pusillum) Keryl:)- web - eee ee ee Bn
27. Be vexaltatum™ Me Bis ies. ot ee Oe eee ET
28. B. Woronowii Manden. ............
295Be Martianovil Kyle) ee ee
30. B. tianschanicum Freyn’. -..-....:..
31. B. Koso-Poljanskyi Grossh. ..........
Section 2. Tenorea (Spreng.) K.-Pol.
Subsection 1. Coriacea (Godr.) K.-Pol.
32. Bevthuticosum, Li. ss) es eee Eke
Subgenus 3. Agostana (S. F. Gray) K.-Pol.
Section 1. Graminea Boiss.
Subsection 1. Leiocarpa Lange
S3o5b Gerardi Alle cheeks ee re ts PRA ok EL ee!
34. B. commutatum Boiss. .............
35%, Bewatfine: Sadi? 6.% ot “Sew. Eases S56... 20%
36; B.Boissieri Post‘: ‘:.°s Wei.) aeiqumea. 98
37. B. brachiatum C. Koch ............
38.) Be) pauciradiatumenz) ) yy -4 5-8) a4 koe eae
39°) B.casperuloides’ Meldri. 2%. 0.7. 7 Ke, a
Subsection 2. Trachycarpa Lange
40: By itenuissimum. 3)... hee ket Se Oe ee
41. B. Marschallianum C. A. M...........
AZ DrglaucumpRob: ct Cast) (ics iene cee
Section 2. Glumacea Boiss.
AS abs aentgma:K.=Polis sida vaio aes) fs) sy oe ete ea oe
Genus 989. TriniaHoffm.
Subgenus 1. Eutrinia (Baill.) Drude
Section 1. Leptopus Schischk.
ieetcpolyclada ochischk..)- 0.) 4 5 om ote -
2 ileucrainicarSchischke 4 2) 4 ania one
3. T. multicaulis (Poir.) Schischk. . ...... Si?
4. T. Stankovii Schischk. ....... Bx, tit
XIX
315
316
318
319
320
322
323
324
327
329
330
331
333
334
337
338
339
340
341
343
344
345
346
348
351
351
352
352
GIN
Cor [leer Mile Mil |
> > >
Section 2. Pachypus Schisechk.
PD hispidaublotints (js 4, «5 2a) = 2 2 1 eee cee a ee 355
. muricata Godet - ee rere ee fee oe ee eee 356
» Feiogons (C..A. M.} By Fedtseh, - . - piel nei loncome ie ORE 357
ee Kestasbelit Ns oBicie se eco ser sa ok A ee 357
Genus 990. Rumia Hoffm.
ss oaitinifolta ules) 4G Pol., a0 3 ty eh oe eel se
Genus 991. Ledebouriella Wolff
seseloides (Hofttm.) Welfis 43 sao baie = oe oe a eee 362
s multiflora (udb.) WOME o.6 6 ae) ae a coe out) 2) eee 362
Genus 992. Ormepterum Schischk.
. turcomanicum (Korov.) Schischk, ........2.2.-4...2.- 363
Genus 993. Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey.
i) Calliearpa Fischi#et Méeys tm etn) 2.1. 2020S. 2. 2s Se ee 364
Genus 994. Aphanopleura Boiss.
» trachysperma Boiss.. - - 2 - + 2 2 6 - meet ep ei shenaye « Be 366
. leptoclada (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Lipsky -.------+....- 365
. capillifolia (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky- .......-...... 367
Genus 995. Froriepia C. Koch
s subpinndtayG@e db.) Bailes. $50 epee, eas 21S) 368
Genus 996. Girne Le
pe CRMMINUMUGL A Me, oie. oes a 2s an re Se rE MD
hgramedlensaledcuns. Mielec +. cs ies Ok bi ne) 2 ey cee 37]
Genus 998. Helosciadium Koch
. Noditlonums (ES Wochees ys 4e% a, Bee meee ine 2 eye ee 372
Genus 999. Petroselinum Hoffm.
S COAG NNN Soe ee clea eltohG So oo Bp oe ¢ oe: Sete 374
2S AO mm umielin” Wee Sees bo Ge Ske ho ee ee See a 375
XX
Genus 1001. Cicuta L.
MEG Mei rOSatnre ee ere iy Gece ammiat ean amare STM Tit ta ai eli ay 376
Genus 1002. Trachyspermum Link
A Tauimi Ua.) Ophague: qs nw) pe Comer Pe SOW Ee tier ne oer 379
Genus 1003. Cry ptotaenia DC.
lt Ce Blahaultip(Wiorona)pheaeols «sce f+ sl ven so vey oe te cele ae es 380
Genus 1004. Ammi L.
Section 1. Visnaga Pers,
IWeAt cisnagale, iam. o/s oy cee talon sy ve baptena? pe ea
Genus 1005. Falcaria Bernh.
say 1. F. sioides (Waby)BASchersc 4° 25) Bi te shah ee ao ete 383
10100. 2. F. falcarioides (Bornm. et Wolff) Wolff ..........-+40.. 384
Genus 1006. Carum L.
Ce Cavite le i) vi ay een ae eM cE PRN ae, | 86
2. C. porphyrocoleum (Freyn et Sint.) Woron. .......-.-.2.-.--, 388
Sauce alpinum (My...) Benth. the te 8 ty A RD, Oe 2 | SBS
ANE. SURICONUTI ALG h aps ir tie Malka he Se Me ait, le en np Un Nines 391
Der ANOMAPOVIN NOE IGGY Keone in te Re ta Ge hy Ma Sos ee EN Sears en eee ne RTF 392
Gras caucasicun (MB!) Boiss? =.teut hae ty se eee tegen enn era Ee 393
oe rmelfoliume( Mists.) OISSh: fos. ce Sa Gener Goal ee AM e eee ye eae 394
SC. Grossheimiioehischkaia) 4 ine gh Lael. = Aesinde. os 3 2567894
. Ome. atrosanguineum) twars et Kare c) o)\. cries) Fon eis es ay a ee 395
PoInOMAOl Ce huriaticum ‘Turcz, "oh. ui heke Set) CR) Gab pena tM NRG Ih: shee 395
Genus 1007, Bunium L.
Section 1. Elwendia (Boiss.) Wolff
IRB: oypsaceum) KOroveoic, ais. i eel eNO lg 8k ag A eee edne ee 398
2. B. vaginatum Koroy.. ... . SE se ioe sO UNNI 399
3. B. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Drude. ......,.+.-.-- 400
Section 2. Bulbocastanum (Adans.) DC.
APebrs Capusia(rranchs) (NOrove. sits (cos ok! sh hte (ooh rout en ahh catenin claie 401
5, 8B. elegans (Fenzl)iFreyn.tite. scien. 2 Bee. 402
One Brapaucitoliumilo cy se, vom ih sso es seston nia tee sels nieces (es, seeueagmrealipsee 403
eas ANGFENN ICOFOV es. RT Neer ena ee ee POR Met, died ROS CVE, 38 404
S7S-_persicumy(Doiss-).b: hedtscha. «= ti aes om enen aor 404
9; BigsaravschanicuimsWOrOVs 1) i. © ep wo MAM PRAMAMIEIE Sy 7. 2s 405
HOO LO: B.,intermedium, Korove. 4.) 6.206) ee eae oa bo RE ORO 8 at 405
We Be hissaricum! Worova wes one de ye ee eo eA) Pe PIM 0. PRE ne, 2 406
XX1
12 By -scabrellumimimorove 606) sate aie) ea aaa ely ae tT ales, ee 407
IS Beferulaceumoibth: ‘et Sm. o 8 1 Se ee ea 407
142 Bewlongipes Prey me sl. kd oe Sar ON SRR Re ee 408
152) B. kihitanel 'Nevskits % Bp a ae Bae Cb ee ane es eee 409
16> Be Bourgae ((Boiss-)) Freyn-et Sint, 2 2). ae ee 409
17. Bi shadghysit Moray. "sei oe ie ale og, bbe cel 410
18. B. eylindricunt (Boiss. et oh?) Drude. G5 0) a 411
Genus 1008. Zeravschania Korov.
l. Z. Regeliana Korews., 2.0 Ga oa teil igs Beh. 20 412
Genus 1009. Hy menolyma Korov.
10N30. I.cH. trichophyllum (Schrenk) Korov....,...). eed.).)) See 413
2. Hl. buplettordes (Schréenk)iKorayi® a .eoiaann wy oa) eee 414
Genus 1010. Seselopsis Schischk.
Te Se tiansthaineliine Sehisehk? ha mee om wees Ati aleve iol cnn grant 415
Genus 1011. Mure tia Boiss.
Section 1. Eumuretia Korov.
IeM. Iutea, (M. B.)eBoiss. <2 nas ios segue ROR ay ue 416
2M. tyanscaspica KoroVs on ony oe es ls a ope 417
354M. ‘transitoriawKorov. es. une w yousigs 0 3) apeiie hy Eh annie 417
4. M. oeroilanica Korov. ........ iad £5 BO) cei gdepeao ene 418
Section 2. Galagania (Lipsky) Korov.
3. /M. fragrantissima (Lipsky) Ka-Pol.) . 3. «qaqa olin ee 418
Genus 1012. Korshinskya Lipsky
I. K."Olgae (Rel Met iSchmathy)Wipsky® 1. > Pieters a) ne ene 420
2... K..-bupleutoides Korov.. 20's hes Ale i Os A 420
Genus 1013. ChamaesciadiumC. A.M.
1OI40> let Chevacaule (M-)B.)(Boisse 2) 1. 1a <, 6) ai ys 421
Genus 1014. Pimpinella L.
Subgenus 1. Tragoselinum (Mill.) Schischk.
L.. Poosaxiiraga, Ls eit ok al eee 4 inotgen JA 427
2: Pridissécta:Retz.. 25 cc 2 sc Audie A heel Ei eee ee 428
3. P., Thellangiana Wolff. ... 2 0... 2) aeeeede eee eee ee 429
4. P. rhodantha’ Boiss?4:4 :Vy. 2.4.) aaa k eee eee 430
5. P{nudicaulis! Trautys .: . ss. «a bake oe eee 430
OmPemayor™ (Ik) sbhudsers. 2) 1) 25/0) fe aie epee nn ee Smt 431
XXI
10170.
9.
10150. 10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15),
16.
Wile
18.
19.
10160. 20.
Pall
ip wON
as} ae) 5s a2) (ae) Ge) Ae) Ms) Se) ae) 9) Iae]
uU'U'U
. peucedanifolia Fisch... ..- - CRS H.-C ate 2, Cane
AMAnthKISCOIMeS® BOISSsan. 1 Soe do Na ee ee et en ae
Subgenus 1. Tragium (Spreng.) Rchb.
Section 1. Eutragium (Wolff) Schischk.
MetitanopiiilamW oro. cele) ollie eens melas ce sie ;
Ptomiophylia (Woron.)) Stanke, = &_ 2 4 > 2. Eone- Spec emEiN- ue -
daghestamicamSehischky = uma) 2) a) ayo) aah Meum: ee
Ndaetiakht, Sear ee eee ee SE NS peta eel, Ps
Grossheimii Schischk. ............2.-.
GO TILUS AeEOROTIA Meee sak ee ot ip So gtaMr HotU el cert (an Goutal
Lurcomanicabochischk= = > = ; = -gHios!) > che :
ML GEVINO VAM CHISOHK. ki RG LR AR NB caus BP
Section 2. Tragiella Schischk.
Section 3. Anisoides Schischk.
Section 4. Polyeladum Schischk.
Mramosa Sehischik:s cht chow bbe eee ouclin Ph aman a be ee
Genus 1015. Anisum Gaertn.
PavuloaneGaentnin cia) a cece ace nee ee
Genus 1016. Reutera Boiss.
Genus 1017. Albovia Schischk.
Genus 1018. Aegopodium L.
sopockmramen Is tebe > co Sle eo ol 6 | Sera eis es Det io lint ard |
~ latifolium, Jiunczor, 2 tan eee hi ad pd UP nase:
Aitadzhikonum: Sehischiks aac ore. bo Gael ell = =
pralpestresldb: Sus esses ye 5, > 3 tee Rtetees oe A
. brachycarpum (Kom.) Schischk. - - .----.- .-
XXIII
Searo mati Gas Me Mic cate a Ohne ce ER. ag S00 Ao de th) BRAUER ERAMRRT Mereeeet RA a
Pataurican(ldb.)poteude iy ie Wace we ro nner relic lo ye utnic
at tinis: La bicesn eek sec ements ite Seal. SRT oe ae e
Aepubexulam(DCs)sBoissii tree le) ayers conc puraice ne
METTLE TAME CHS CH aah ceri eke tray RED ere clic Droop heal ay HE NG cas nice
meWorshimsicyilSehisahike myers cura cr ne gi yo) ca
Sanea (DEA Ones whe) 6 Saas a oe oe BE IE hi ahaa ees
BOB GBGO Vi WOON aa ae) ecco LU Ceeayl re) A eee cuabece ape geeins
. tripartita (Kalenicz.) Schisehk. . . - 27. + 5 2 ew we ee
432
432
436
436
437
437
438
438
439
439
440
440
44]
441
442
443
444
444
445
449
449
450
452
456
456
457
457
Genus 1019. Sium L.
Section 1. Eusium Engl.
50S Sala trfo lime tee ices ee as: se, GAA se ase eat Olt ale SR eee ee 459
Dat Mis wavie MW al tetrad 5 ic ae a ge see ee 460
Si JS). StenueuIcome eats Cy See ee ae Se as ee ee eee ea ee 463
Section 2. Sisarum (Mill.) DC.
Qu 'S.«sisaroideseDG:, .o emis Ses 2 Re , GATS ©). ETO are 463
5. S.sisarum Li cs 6 eb oe ee ee Ss 2 SG eet 464
6277S). medium Fisch.wetuMeye 3 23 eg 3 5 2 40s Eee 465
Genus 1020. Berula Koch
1OISOas 1: B.ferectat(Huds:) «Covilles <:® “econ 3 2.) o SORES. Se 466
2. 1B. worientalisw Woronte beatae 3 eae 65, 2 Oe ee ee 467
Genus 1021. Crithmum L.
aC esmanitimumyls is Weeteeie Wass OO Gee en te ce, en 468
Genus 1022. Stenocoelium Ldb.
iotS athamantoides (Me Bijgludbe. ts. oro ee ag. ee 470
2.49 “trichocarpuntochrenk, s 2 = 40 4 6 -. © 2. s0n ees eee
Genus 1023. Libanotis L.
Section 1. Eriotis DC.
fs 1. “buchtormensisa(Fisch:)e@DGC. 3.4 3 a ee ee ee 473
Section 2. Eulibanotis DC.
2; i. intermedia Rupr. 6 ag) Shoes, Us SE A oe Se 474
Sulesatranscaucasicamochisehks 94 4 fl sos se ene 415
45 Le Yamurensisuschischkiaiacdiet. 5 ee A Sd Oe) See 476
5) 91. Smombaniaw Grantee sauiess ies at wi. ae A et 477
101902" "6.7. seseloides: (Fisch. ictiMey:)i furez.% Oe) BURURE 207 eee 477
he, News Sehrenkianay Cai Aie Mice as. cece) oe ss ei see Sie einen 478
hich (ce) CAM we ae ee ee 479
9. Le teondensata4(le;) kCrantze. lc oon ako ee eee ee 480
10, E-“dolichostylavSchisehks 4.70) aas03) ses 28 lemon ee 480
Section 3. Pseudolibanotis Schischk.
IE esetiferan(Morova)iSehischk. 1. =) es Suen nee oe eae 481
12. Extcalycina*Korov.< “F0< foes soe ee oe ee ee oe ene 482
Section 4. Schultziopsis Schischk.
13; "Le raonstrosa (Willd DC. : 6% 2. 2% eee Saal eee 483
XX1V
10200.
10210.
10220.
10230.
OPN ATR Wy
NANNNNNNANANUNNUNUNUNUNNUNUUnRUUHVHUNURUNNNUNUnNRURNAURUnNAUNUnNUnNUWnMYW
ANNNMNN
Nunn
Genus 1024. Seseli L.
Section 1. Euseseli DC.
estrictumdbay 1 =:
4 Ariki lh et oo 6 5
. varium Trev... . .
. grandivittatum (Somm. et Lev.) Schischk.. ...........
. Pallasii Bess... . .
ppeucedanoides)(M- Bs) ake Pols er ee ee
. elegans Schischk. .
. glabratum Willd... .
. petraeum M. B. . .
. gummiferum Pall.. .
. Lehmannii Degen. .
. ponticum Lipsky . .
. campestre Bess. . .
> Pemetracliemim Selmigehik, co 5 oe 06600056 0 elo Bo 6 8 9
. arenarium M. B. . .
‘peucedanifoliume@Spreng.)) Dessai-m sr) na ee
SwAndroniakivowlOroner tke See A eh: PET Gira. i Bde
. leptocladum Woron.
. eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch
. incanum (Steph.) B.
. Abolinii (Korov.) Schischk
. songoricum Schischk
. Lehmannianum (Bge.
RE tur binatumlsKOrOVec- cece fer cer rnc ce me heats aman Sowa carol etucee ea acre
. fasciculatum Korov.
. Korovinii Schischk.
. tenuisectum Rgl. et
. iliense (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky
. giganteum Lipsky .
Meaemulansy MeiPope semi) 1 sien om Mee iene goes sci aed
. squarrosum Schischk
SNAKES WN Gleaag¢ 6 3 Oo BD of lang. 6) oo Seo cue to 8 old
en ene) ier fecence Trek elo werty tel cel veh fet. er einen Met ce) (elma)! 1e:. Ne
ae Pee te. [ewe eo) en delete jolie: es Jie) ee) Veitme? @ , 8)) yer “ASL eine
eo} Let, es ier 70>) Revs ge com lope fel uw sey “elsiie\ire:t ie) Wels) je ifeg Rely ties, ale
Oey ete! | Def el, sei) Wel ole) (ey iio’ emennatete cele Met coh; cel inet Snepk lets. Jeli nie Aus,
Sp epee: hea ktev. Ne! \'e- ie. | ses Telltale) Me csigyie: .fere tie: -jeld Wieth Nie) en). 4(s
sy) Wetey ney Wey, met Yen Vien Netpiies Mer ij lesmne\ fel mmten ) veh (e2 ~Jey) Niel eiel | fe) Vue) oye
or emge, (Vert Me, “e\\eset prot) tuel) iersive “7ae\) | Were Keele) celnimey, ely el Tiveds. (s) | eis.
wy deta else Yer)" re. | Jey sie" le N en oe oue) Wonk Memabere el Liem as!) lel 0 lel Seis), ve
eo: Aer ire! elie: elm cel Ahlen joi sel iiemrive,, “lel § lena fer) lele Wey: cls otenulel slop | Ce
FRGGbS clhicies a ets Coie ER SUN Darna eo Secdlae hae an
VISES. 6 oo ololle SUSle eM ie & eo oto 6
op Wnevh ter Greps ief toreete; chore ew! cols rork lotns ielgvell -jeta dor) del ase! ey sil sels say. i are)
Schintallhiteeass poate, ce aetcwre eens parece
Section 2. Hippomarathroidea DC.
5 Infsmomerratinetim ace. 0 6 5 00 0 oe oo ee ee
. Ledebourii G. Don
. Alexeenkoi Lipsky
. dichotomum Pall. .
. rupicola Woron. .
. karatavicum Schisch
Gi idlet levy sell otet Meh je) tebet'iet) vey ete ion, Tory Teg! join cok ce) sieth! er, tone tejeuilepumve,
Ole Cement equ yet Ueeum iow Miey" | Nom MietRStomitier. ott re.) af) je) ney Vai Col wey i oreleh se) hace:
k. Cake o: SCs OOM. SOF WOMEN Ge miCHEO" 0p Ode SON OS Omi” Came
Section 3. Lomatopodium (Fisch. et Mey.) Schischk.
. cuneifolium M. B.
. jomuticum Schischk.
. platyphyllum (Schrenk) O. et B. Fedtsch.........-+-.-.,
. eriocephalum (Pall.)
Chen Ofnrche FO. Oe DP ele ty) OM TOS WOrmusCie RC HEI Dent VElnT Sonat eal eesCa WO Ch fees aut)
OL Yeh ce) emer ie? | 6) Seley ethene ee feet ce) Rey leh) le jester Men (pay lope veulie
ahr S eh eee i came eran Geter sc on ead coy asru ata
XXV
apie) i nlelnisec/ uel sot, ~eifakey fet ell) fe: Jie) Jellies cele teluiie
eee ey Mel Mellie] wieys ney cneh Hers sles -hdal- Nei ers) te; Toye Jet “ey i teumuete eh ve) suns.
489
490
491
491
492
495
495
496
497
497
498
499
499
500
501
502
502
503
503
504
505
505
506
507
507
508
509
509
510
511
511
512
513
513
514
514
515
515
516
517
Sl
518
Section 4. Macrostylopodium Schischk.
10240:. 43S; {coronatum (Edby ees f.00 a vas Me ee 519
44° S. asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk.. = 3.5 2% 2 Sh) ogden, oe 520
AS® oS" fsessilitlorum. Schrenk-o:5. 4 oo to 3 On Ae eee ie 520
Section 5. Erioscias Schischk.
46, S. macrophyllum@Rgl. et Schmalha es cy ken > ou ee 523
Section 6. Pseudosilaus Schischk.
AT, .S\. toliosum (Somm:,et) Lev.)) Manden.-) 31.) a. cae) a) oe 524
Genus 1025. Sphenocarpus Korov.
lt Sieryngroides Korovs 3 5 5 2 4 46 fos 3) eee eee line: Ry 525
Genus 1026. Oenanthe L.
Section 1. Oenanthe verae Koch
Ie Oes pimpinelloides (Ly... pssst yy i en ee 530
2iOeciFistulosawls uate isc 15 ise cyccyuch Bae cua obls) Mecue eRe sen ete 531
SOE. silaitolia Ms UBs os in so he Be eke De eee ee ce Oa 532
AN (Oehahetérococcal Moro ie rio hs ees ce reete oe acer ee 533 _
102505 StOex hedtschenkoanavi.-Pol) (2 25 a usce > as 0 eee 533
6. Oe. longifoliolata Schischk..* % . 5s 3 6 24. a=) Ue nn 534
7 Oex abchasicay Schischkw: 2.5 kaco Awes © =e os 2 8 el eee 534
8. Os., banatioa Heufficd a 2 sce sé oe ee ee eo 535
DOs Sophiae Schischk.. = ay-) 4 mee) ee) 536
Section 2. Dasyloma (DC.) Benth. et Hook.
10) (Oe. decumbens’ (Thunb-) K:=Polt 97> <2 ee ee 535
Section 3. Phellandrium (L.) C. Koch. ........ 537
Ik Oc. gaquaticay(e Ror... 2 (2 20 eos tae eo ee ee 537
Genus 1027. Aelhusa L.
IVA aoynapiumy, Ligier bias a ie i a ns eae ae ah a ea 539
Genus 1028. Schultzia Spreng.
LeiSehs crinita (Ball); Spreng...) ee eee 540
2. Sch. albifloray(Wars etakir.)) Me Ropace: =.) -e te) ene 541
Genus 1029. Foeniculum Mill.
10260, Fe. valganes Mile 3.2 2.) ek oe ok eee et ne eso 542
Genus 1030. Silaus Bernh.
he ShBessert DCM pohly Re ene tee etek ee ac 546
2. S: pratensis (Crantz) Bess... .: 3.2 oe te ee 546
XXVI
Set Sem RUbEZOVE CSC HISC IK ei cuits cao es ines Leet Oger cl gl Ue ky ie Oak 547
Si Ropovil) Korovi nim ne Sk Rn Re, SVS MER ak 548
Genus 1031. Cnidium Guss.
1 eredahurrcume (acqn)i: hurezeycr nck seals CARRS Gp pr el a ee 550
Dr CeemulGreau le Gat ag ts: tis 2 eae ba ogee tp ae StS ater. kage ae 551
SE Cemcmiadikoliumm@lurcz.) ESChiSGhket aia oce wma | yeti Ue aa 552
AP Grudubrumucocnicuhr) 0 neltes caus cei. oc) Ga awe ba Oe eee Oana ne 552
Dro Orssalinuimnlune zc. kar es. ote wa kan iem op Gals, ca ee ry Maney. MIE Ig se nee 553
feenOmesOs Cc. ajyanense: (Rolle lilk) Drude... | eo) ee al wk 554
Hee CrvOnientale sBOiSS! os. sn 6 woe ea) Cae Crs gL), ee eam Ny Dea te ele ait 557
Seen Grossheimin Mande. wis ae en sete. a) oat eeten eee een Ee ee ne 558
Jae. paucikadivatumy Somm,. et) Levan... eae... amas en 558
OMG Monier (ey) (Gusset ce ae Aa eee ates CA mere he eee 559
Genus 1032. Selinum L.
MPI SrMICATVALOITA Wiig mild ee aol Race eR Aah Ue Ca hea beer 560
PRES GUI ASS OMAN KC OFON AN gels Masds Ge ptoliaa yA ML a) oats ach tc ee Baie eae 561
SMOMetianschaniCumpMOrov yi py Seema! levi wae RP a, ok ES Se ye es 562
Ae SeeRhopoviil(Worove)\ Schischka. 3) sc gee a ucla eae 563
Genus 1033. Hyalolaena Bge.
lee Eleaiaxanticasb oer. Wor xiii sce! a | ee ee cede pO oh ay Ox bevallen eee 564
POOR) ee uldedepauperata, Morov.,. (buco i se ice ae we tat ele) a Se eee es 565
GeibitepaniculatacWono vise when ay he een eet ra tec at 2 iol beanie a) 565
AMEE Theme olllitma ora Venu sii tk cies ola yee ee ret IE AS Nene rt ae LIRA Se 565
Genus 1034. Ligusticum L.
Subgenus 1. Haloscias (Fries) Drude
PME SCOLNC UIE n etd Malactertaiia: ioe Nese VS NE yah Ps ICS ee cial otic Pe Maney ae eae 568
Qe METUILENII Pernice sitiaite er keoe: tes iy aiid Plaine ural tte ten) tel in Law YAN a ova he 569
Sole epunpureopetalum Wom son's lye teal ce ats) era ch ean eh vt sees 569
AM era Tat ae OAM De ae cn apeysh cheers uktcd ete evan BURNS, Wag oa! Mou on et Pitmey eet eas 570
Subgenus 2. Euligusticum Drude
Sub valatume(Me Bre Spren@ursts ae) scr sine er he Rupees Slo tallied ferme rynuelts 571
Gels physospermuitolnume Albee 2 loo) pAteyo.tee owen lonley wl bike be sem ue 571
Paleat dits colored bi miydeics eeia veeioanennalna as laa dse gad etme! Gis Ley ins te teas is 572
NPA), So Ge Taal orien (Meares) Talo 6 os 56 6 oc G99 db 5 cud 5 © 6 573
Subgenus 3. Mutellina Thell.
Oma lesamutel lima (ee) CGrantezqen 1 asco aren ula) once alien) acu ethene aed temo 573
HO The Cateaskenin Soni, Ge TGS hs) aos Be ote oi oo boa ogc! tay 6 Hae 574
11.
12.
SS
UU TG
10298. 1.
Subgenus 4. Pachypleuroides Schischk.
a PUM KOEOV., Gee) el else, ol de 7 sdreat sae ee
. Fedtsehenkoanum Schischk.. ... 2... 1... ee ee ee eee
Genus 1035. Pachy pleurum Ldb.
. alpinum Ldb.. ....... By el ee Neh suifrat larcstag a tac ota inee
. mucronatum (Schrenk) Schischk. .............2.2.4-.
. gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk.. .............
Genus 1036. Cenolophium Koch
wBischert: (Spreng) NoCh ) locd © l@) ele) ny oc apis ne
XXVI11
575
576
579
581
582
583
PREFACE
Volume XVI comprises the Araliaceae and a large part of the
Umbelliferae, the former described by A.I. Poyarkova, the latter by
B.K. Shishkin, E.P.Korovin, I. A. Linchevskii, E.G. Bobrov, and
B. A. Fedchenko. Most of the genera of Umbelliferae are treated by
B.K. Shishkin. This volume includes a key to all the genera of
Umbelliferae of the USSR, which takes into account the anatomical
characters of their fruits.
The Umbelliferae were extremely difficult to describe as many species
and especially those of Central Asia were described from incomplete
material, often without the ripe fruits being available. The generic status
of some plants could therefore not be established satisfactorily. In any
case,as far as the Umbelliferae are concerned the flora of Central Asia
has not yet been adequately studied.
The next volume (XVII) includes a key to the genera of Umbelliferae
based on superficial characters, without reference to the anatomy of the
fruits.
Editorial Board
: f Gera tok Pe shag teaied aut
Jt
We Regt ALE <4) P slptwien CH ne as eae ed
rea : ir voaiencemiatbunen (Senaliall ‘Bihtbetihy: pee va, De
Tao at gat evokes TR yt: at, Seta} ‘Sidibb, Bi
yt hia mT ipo to tieq sptal « tus spenetiorl fer i ing
hie et. / ie yetial an: .geodmeyeee.. Based by dtnome Rn earerol Bey
vs il remanet Dire wwoadot! ).0 titevedani? ALL aiveiod A. |
Se et a ‘ei ietitemiisitonss HMA Yo wreaey el To tool
re: | to genes adit Lis'of yous Bobplonh srusloy Rant
le he Ipoimotans 4} Inveoss otek patat Hatd we Pet: sett
ee an ¢ eet thaw ;
{oo eboogs Yana as odlbusaeh of Sleotthib ylemerts> ofa oetoe is
na *stoalgn ese covey) boediioaal +rew 2feA Truss te cmos 4
aussie ohronsy aft - sidslinvse gnked estos? Saly otf vaorktiw ¢
mi he i Sl. wlietosietice badalidgias od ion Solaeitt hives ¢ I
tye eta Ue Fe Legina to — at bowrsanels 218 suriotitiocalty only tap
oh -bolbule yar
: saryttit acters {oar sag adit co yet @ asbylont GYR) ie
hee" peor gmotens on) of asaniates tuhdtiw .eelsetmis bate 1»
ee a ey
~
oil) Bae Lelarkhs
1 Order 30. Umbelliflorae BARTL.
Flowers cyclical, with calyx and choripetalous corolla, calyx often
abortive, with inferior ovary, 4-5-merous, usually bisexual; carpels 1—5
or many, each with 1 (rarely with 2) drooping inverted ovules, with 1 in-
tegument; seeds with copious endosperm; flowers usually in umbels,
rarely inflorescence different. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees.
Family CXVIII]. ARALIACEAE* VENT.
Flowers regular, bisexual or polygamous, usually 5-merous, rarely 3
to multi-numerous; calyx with small teeth or inconspicuous fringe;
leaves small, with valvate aestivation or overlapping at margins; stamens
5, rarely 2 to many, filaments filiform, anthers ovoid, opening by longi-
tudinal slits; ovary usually inferior (rarely semiinferior or superior),
2—5(6)-locular (rarely multilocular), 1 ovule in each cell, drooping,
inverted, recurved above, with ventral suture and 1 integument; styles
2—5(6), free or more or less adnate to tube; stylopodium conical or flat-
pulvinate; fruit 1tomulti-merous, usually 2—5(6)-locular, berry-like or
drupaceous, sometimes separating into individual cells; exocarp fleshy,
rarely coriaceous, endocarp cartilaginous, coriaceous or sclerotic; seeds
often flattened, with developed smooth or plicate endosperm usually with
small apical embryo. Trees, shrubs, climbing lianas or perennial herbs,
sometimes prickly; deciduous or perennial, with alternate or opposite
Simple, entire, lobed, also palmately or pinnately compound leaves;
stipules adnate to petioles or absent. Flowers usually in umbels or heads,
solitary or inflorescence compound.
There are about 60 genera and 450 species which are mainly tropical
with emphasis on Indo- Malaya and tropical America. Some genera are
indigenous to temperate East Asia and North America. Hedera alone
grows in Europe.
Key to Genera
Lo. ILbGanves siisajallers Tiare) oie Modell ois o clots Go ClO lolouono iG old 6 alana oes oe
ILEENWV OS jOevlenevelhy Ose jonah; Wormnjowiacl “HG soe ob do 5 Foto OO 5)
2. Leaves palmatilobate, with prickles along nerves; stem and
branches densely covered with acicular prickles; umbels in oblong
COMNjOOWIAG! PACEMNE 6 4565656000000 W335) Hehinepanax Dene. et) Planch.
* Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova.
oF Leaves not prickly, stems and branches without prickles or with large
lamvellate prickles vat DASE. x ide ese er erate aes aie tee ei otc a an
3. Climbing liana, without prickles; leaves entire or 3—5-lobed, with
SUMAN MMPS ooo BD OR oO Ola OO ob oo eo OOO oS 932. Hedera L.,
+ Small trees; leaves 5—9(11) palmatilobate with dentate margin .....
4. Leaves coriaceous, perennial; stems without prickles; umbels of
iON eIesS) al Olollorars FOENANICIE G65 6505046566600 * Fatsia Dene. et Planch
it Leaves herbaceous, deciduous; stem and branches with large
prickles; umbels inidensie, nearly telobullard cory mal) een ae eee
She Mraieat coh aeMer So (ay sa) ner ie oo enaItNe eT tle. vat Ue eMMchy < uraa cork cee Meus 936. Kalopanax Mig
a. lkeavies palmatelyscomipowmdiy hice Well sey ic) i oe
oP Leaves imparipinnately compound; tall perennial herbs, trees or
shrubs) umbels intpaniclenacgely im cacemlem an... enews 937. Aralia L.
6. Low herbaceous plants, the simple stem terminated by one umbel;
leaves im Uo wioormls imetntr PaCl 36 65605 o ooo oOo oo 938. Panax L.
+ Shrubs,with black frugts. .. ie $ 2446 & 06 Wd ee ieee
7. Ovary 2-locular, styles 2; fruit with 2 stones; petioles glabrous or
scarcely pubescent,articulate with rachis .... 934. Acanthopanax Seem.
ats Ovary 5-locular, styles 5; fruit with 5 stones; petiolules not
EMULE, CEMSIEIhy JOUIDSSCCIM: 45550505 935. Eleutherococcus Maxim.
Genus*® FATSIA* Decne. et Planch.
Debe. et Planch. in Rev. hort. 4 sér. III (1854) 105
Flowers bisexual or polygamous, 5(6)-merous; calyx-teeth nearly
inconspicuous; in bud petals slightly overlapping; filaments filiform,
and anthers ovoid, dorsifix; stylopodium thick, subglobular; styles 5, free
from base, filiform, with small stigmas; ovary and fruit 5-locular, with
fleshy exocarpand cartilaginous endocarp; seeds laterally compressed.
Small trees, without prickles with large, evergreen, palmatilobate,
exstipulate leaves. Umbels clustered in apical panicle.
One species, Japan.
*F. japonica (Thunb.) Dene. et Planch. in Rev. hortic. s. 4. III (1854)
105.— Aratia japonica Thunb. Fl. jap. (1784) 128.— Ic.: In Garten-
flora, XII, tab. 420; XXVI, tab.216; Bot. Mag. tab. 8638.—
Shrub or 2—3m high tree, usually with simple stem, with a rosette of
large coriaceous, bright green, shining, glabrous leaves at apex of stem,
the leaves 15—30cm across rounded or rounded-ovate, (5)7—11-lobed, the
ovate-lanceolate lobes tapering at base, acuminate above, acutely toothed
along margin above base, petioles to 30cm. Umbels globular, 2.5—3.5cm
across, long-stalked, gathered in large panicle; each flower with small
bract at base; petals ovate, acute, recurved below; fruit globular. Fl.
September—October, Fr. winter.
Widespread in greenhouses and as a house plant. Described from
Japan. Gen. distr.: Japan. Type in Stockholm.
Economic importance. A fast growing ornamental suitable for
cultivation in the Crimea and Caucasus. Judging by experience in Central
* Popular Japanese name for the plant.
60115 1 4
| 9) cet
Europe it will grow under cover in the southwestern regions of the
European part of the Soviet Union. There are cultivated forms with
variegated or white- and yellow-bordered leaves.
Genus 932. HEDERA* L.
L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 202, p.p.
Flowers bisexual, 5-merous; calyx of 5 small denticles; petals oval-
triangular, with 1 nerve, valvate in the bud; stamens 5, with ovoid anthers,
stylopodium convex, ovary inferior or semiinferior, 5-locular, styles 5,
adnate to tube; fruit berry-like with fleshy exocarp and coriaceous endo-
carp; seeds 5 or 2 to 4, with plicate endosperm and rather large embryo.
Shrubs or climbers adhering to support with aerial root suckers, leaves
evergreen, coriaceous, entire, 3—5 palmatilobate; stipules absent. Umbels
solitary or in racemes; pedicels not jointed.
About fifteen species in the temperate mountain regions of southeastern
Asia, the Mediterranean area, and Central Europe.
In the USSR Hedera is known from the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene
deposits (Akchagyl stage); the earliest finds are not always reliable:
H.auriculata Heer, Upper Oligocene, Angara-Sayans (Ushakovka River
mear Baikal).— H.colchica v. fossilis Palib., Akchagyl deposits,
Transcaucasia (Shvindgeli Range in S.Kakhetia); Chauda deposits, south-
western Guria.— H. cf. cuneata.— Heer, Tertiary Sakhalin (Kamennaya
valley and others).— H. eichwaldii Palib., Paleogene, Volga-Don (Tim).—
H.macclurii Heer, Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Jonquieres Cape), Upper
Cretaceous or Paleocene, western Kamchatka (Utkholok Cape, Kapan River,
Kovacha River).— H. macquarrii Heer, Paleogene, Ussuri (Friz Strait).—
H.palaeocenica Krassn.?, Paleocene, Lower Volga (Ushi). —
H.primordialis Heer, Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Kengvarakry Cape). —
H. ochotica Krysht., Upper Cretaceous, Lena-Kolyma (Silyan River).
Peeeaincssy.clilow brown, tat, squamitorimn-: multicellimlerss ss sis se. usnel sce. Zee
2. .
Mercer ay Seno Teo aia or acct” ite: TaN es ates tne rare alters! ieee COULChICa: Ce Coch:
ar Leaves thin, coriaceous, on sterile prostrate shoots usually ovate to
lanceolate, lobed or angular, commonly together with entire leaves, on
climbing shoots entire; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit 6-10mm across
MR coe einen, Rig ates GES Ghee ee tee Note etd 2. H.pastuchovii G. Woron.
3. Fruit golden yellow, 10-12mm across; leaves pale, usually yellow-
RC eME Wath UNnGulAteemMarZ in shaves usally, O10 ica CUN ss tne cals
510.0 icles Guha iot IP kA er a ai am Ne A like Be 3. H.chrysocarpa Walsh.
et: BeaURtA Ol ackersmma lence Orl: Omamunat aerOS|s? ime he. renters tet ate es cnietee) ete ie Beales 4.
4. Petals 2-2.5mm long, 1.5mm wide; umbels on thin pedicels; not
dense at anthesis, the terminal 20—27(32) mm, the lateral 15—25(27)mm
across, leaves on sterile shoots mostly sagittate, usually 3-lobed, with
aubenua Lemme cuaMelObe s arses) Wisi a llyata —1OmtcatyCCl = stent) © eile) ee eee
Uren eel RaP TGR Ms ny PeiaP He eos Wie. eet Tale Nox eho cata 4 ata curios es do. H.caucasigena Pojark.
* Latin name for ivy.
5 5. Hairs usually 7—8-rayed, rays often adnate. On sterile shoots
+ Petals larger, 3-4mm long, 1.8—2.5mm wide; umbels usually dense,
larger, the terminal 23—35(47)mm across, the lateral 20-35mm, with
thicker pedicels; hairs predominantly 6—7 or 7—8-rayed ........ 5D.
sagittate, usually 5-lobed leaves with attenuate median lobe
predominate, or else such leaves are borne in large quantity ..... |
PET ae NAR NITE PEG hpi 0, te ot cae cee gel eames ee 6. H.taurica Carr
+ Hairs usually 6—7(5—8)-rayed, with rays adnate only at base; leaves
of sterile shoots wide, rounded or ovate, entire or 3—5-lobed, sagittate
li@aves, alist OretS Wis ore Walia (Moy retete ta pte) “epee: “enous (ema Mere tats oie 4. H.helix Lg
Series 1. Robustae Pojark.— Hairs squamiform, multiradiate, with
rays only distally free; leaves thick, coarse-coriaceous, large, on fertile
shoots to 20cm long, on sterile usually entire, wide, cordate; fruit
black, large, 10-13cm across. Two species: H.colchica C. Koch of
the Colchi flora and H. robusta Pojark, C. China (Szechwan province).
1. H.colchica C.Koch in Wochenschr. f. Gartn. u. Pflanzenk. II (1859)
74; Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1090; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 422,
Papas loplersGatt-n dedere (1912) 52,p.p.; Medved., Der. i. kust. Kavk.
(1919) 172; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 108; Nekrasova in Sov-bot., No.6 (1933)
88.— H. helix var. colchica C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 365; Ldb.
Fl. Ross. 11, 1,376.— H. rhombifolia Rupr. ex Regel in Gartentloragiee
(1860) 372.— H. Roegneriana hort. ex Boiss. Fl. or II (1872) 1901,
nom. nud.— H.macrophytlia hort.— H.dentata Rupr. ex Regel in
Gartenflora (1884) 199, nom. nud. non C. Koch in Wochenschr. f. Gartn.
XI (1868) 141.— H. caucasica hort. ex Lavallée, Arb. segrez. (1877) |
1B, talcraae iaibiclg (Cakes inal aves, Ino, 2 (1890) 164,.diagn.—> Jc eaiecel
in Gartenflora, XI (1862) tab. 360. ;
Shrub; large-leaved liana, the thin sterile shoots climbing with short
root-suckers on trees and rocks, fertile shoots thicker, to 1cm across,
juvenile shoots with yellow squamiform multiradiate hairs; leaves coarse,
densely coriaceous, matte, dark green, glabrous above, with scattered
squamiform hairs below; later sometimes deciduous, to 20cm long, 17cm
wide; leaves on sterile shoots usually ovate or orbicular-ovate, rarely
rhombic-ovate, with cuneate cordate or truncate base, commonly short-
acuminate, often entire, rarely 3-lobed, sometimes 5-lobed; leaves on
fertile shoots from ovate and rhombic-ovate to lanceolate and lanceolate-
rhombic or narrowly rhombic (f. rhombifolia Boiss.), short- or long-
acuminate; petioles as long as blade or even slightly longer to short,
barely "3 the length of the limb. Umbels with 12—35 flowers, globular,
solitary or 3—8 in raceme, pedicels 2—3cm, with small scarious, triangular
leaves at base; all parts of inflorescence, including ovary and outer side
of petals, densely covered with yellow-brown squamiform multiradiate
hairs; pedicels 4-~7mm, to 17mm in fruit, with small squamiform,
membranous, 1—2 mm long, deciduous bracts at base. Flowers usually
bisexual, occasionally staminate, with abortive ovary; sepals 1-1.5mm
long, ovate-triangular, acute; petals greenish-yellow, 4—4.5mm long,
2—2.5mm wide, oblong-ovate, acuminate; stamens slightly shorter than
petals, anthers ovoid, 1.75mm long, 1mm wide, stylopodium low-conical;
styles 1.5mm long; fruit black, 10-13mm across, with 2-5 seeds. Fl.
September-— October, Fr. ripening in the spring and summer of the next
year.
Shady forests, climbing rocks and trees, where the climbers produce
dense growth; to 1,200m.-— Caucasus: Cisc. (Laba River), W. Transc.
from Tuapse to Batumi, in the east up to Surami Range. Gen. distr.:
Bal.-As. Min. (Lazistan, Trebizond), Arm.-Kurd. (Artvin district).
Described from Colchis. Type was in Berlin.
Economic importance. Sometimes cultivated in Crimean and Caucasian
parks; but, judging by W. European experience, probably also adapted to
more northern regions. One specimen grows in the University Botanical
Gardens (Nekrasova) in Moscow. Should be tried as an ornamental liana
on walls, windows, trees, cliffs, etc. F.purpurea Hibb., with reddish
leaves,f. arborescens Koch.,andf.variegata Koch, are but a few
of the known cultivars.
Note. Tobler's record of H. colchica from Syria (cf. Nekrasova)
presumably concerns cultivated specimens, as Tober himself assumed
with respect to his record for Cyprus.
Among the plants collected in C. China (Szechwan province) by the noted
Russian traveler Potanin, there were found specimens of a new species —
H.robusta Pojark. which closely resembles H. colchica in external
habit but differs by the very short style and the absence of calyx-teeth,
the calyx being just a barely discernible border. This find once again
reflects the ancient link between the forest flora of Colchis and the flora
of China, dating from the Tertiary.
Series 2. Pastuchovianae Pojark.— Hairs squamiform, the rays often
free to middle; leaves thin-coriaceous, medium-sized, to 10(12) cm long,
on sterile shoots of different shape: entire, angular, 3—5(7)-lobed,
commonly mixed with sagittate leaves with attenuate median lobe; fruit
black, 6—10cm across. In addition to the Russian species, H.tobleri
Nakai and H.shensiensis Pojark. from N.China, Japan and S. Korea,
should also be included here.
2. H.pastuchovii G. Woron. in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 108;
G. Woron. in Trud. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1,1 (1933) 217, lat. diagn.;
Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 (1933) 88.— H. helix C.A.Mey Verz. Pfl.
Ratieokaspe (ieisii Ie et auct. fl.ycaucn up. pinon) &.— Hi col ehica
Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 52,p.p. non C. Koch. —
Tall climbing shrub with thin pale brown shoots bearing sparse flat
stellate yellow scales; leaves thin-coriaceous, lighter than in H. helix
and H.colchica, bright green above, pale beneath, glabrous on both
sides or with sparse stellate scales beneath, to 10(12)cm long, 6(7) wide,
without the characteristic odor of the leaves of H. colchica; leaves
of spreading shoots usually rounded-cordate, entire or with slightly
undulate-angular margins, on sterile climbing shoots leaves very variable,
from broadly ovate to oblong-ovate and lanceolate, the base deeply cordate
or slightly notched to truncate and cuneate, with large symmetrically
paired or irregular (from 0 to 5) lobes at each side, margins usually
angular, often entire; leaves on fertile shoots mostly rhombic or ovate-
rhombic, tapering at both ends, sometimes long-acuminate, usually with
obtuse tip, nearly always entire; petioles with sparse stellate scales of
varying length. Umbels globular, with 5—20 flowers, not dense, on thin
rather long pedicels (1.5)2—6cm, solitary or raceme of 3—8 umbels;
pedicels 6-12mm; all parts of inflorescence, including ovary and outer
side of petals, densely covered with stellate yellow-brown scales; sepals
inconspicuous; styles 1-1.5mm long; fruit black,6—-10mm across. FI.
August— October, Fr. ripening from December to summer of the following
year. (Plate I, Figure 2.)
Lowland and mountain forests of the low and central mountain belts,
usually along forest edges and in glades, where it climbs trees without
spreading along rocks like other species of ivy. Rather rare.— Caucasus:
E. Transc. (Tionetskii Range, Zakataly, Nukha, Kuba), Tal. (Lenkoran
district). Gen. distr.: Iran (Astrabad and Mazanderan). Described from
Kusary near Kuba, E. Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Unknown in cultivation but not less promising
than other species of ivy. |
Note. Yu. N. Voronoy rightly considered this species to be much closer
to the Himalayan H. himalaica Tobl. (which should be called H. nepal
ensis C.Koech) than to H.colchica C.Koch. Even so, H. nepalemeanc
is not the closest relative of H.pastuchovii. With H. sinensis
(Tobl.) Hand.-Mazz. (China), another species of SE Asia, it forms a natural
phylogenetic series, distinguished by orange-yellow fruits. H.pastuch-
Ovii surely is much more closely related to black-fruited H. tobleri
Nakai (Japan, S. Korea), from which it differs materially only by the smaller
fruits and leaves. In both species the leaves of the sterile shoots are
highly polymorphous, from entire to lobed; on fertile shoots they are
usually narrower.
Series 3. Chrysocarpae Pojark.— Hairs stellate, 5—6(8)-rayed; fruit
golden yellow, large, to 12mm across; leaves of sterile shoots mostly
entire, occasionally angular or faintly 3-lobed. One species in the
E. Mediterranean area.
3. H.chrysocarpa Walsh in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. VI (1826) 42.—?
H. poetica Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 143.—- H. poetarum Bertol. Praelect.
rei herb. (1827) 78; Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 36; Nekrasova in Sov.
bot. No. 6 (1933) 88.— H. helix var. chrysocarpa Ven. iniGarneieerle
Mosens(l360) 300) nom DC.. ©. ke Schnn | lWaubholzicy ll t90S) . 422 ———ater
Hojslieie, 4 Cots Wil Nas, — Iapesin8. lms shtedls xs INO. LOSS
Tall shrub, climbing trees and rocks, its sturdy yellow shoots glabrous
or with sparse stellate hairs; bark of older branches pale, grayish-yellow,
rugose or finely cracked; leaves thick, coriaceous, pale, yellowish-green,
shiny above, glabrous on both sides, juvenile leaves sometimes with sparse
stellate hairs larger than in H. helix, to 11cm long, 10cm wide, commonly
with undulant margins; leaves on sterile shoots usually broad, wider than
long or rounded, rarely ovate, 3-lobed or angular with 3—5 lobes, partly
entire; on fertile shoots usually broadly and suborbicular, ovate, acute or
short-acuminate, the base truncate or cordate, rarely rhombic-ovate,
long-acuminate with cuneate base; uppermost leaves sometimes lanceolate-
rhombic. Inflorescence large, of (3)5—15 umbels sessile on long, 3.5—o cm
pedicels; umbels globular, to 3cm across, multiflorous; all parts of
inflorescence with dense yellowish usually 5—6-rayed stellate hairs, often
some rays united for '/3 to '/, of their length; pedicels 7-12cm; sepals
0.5mm long, usually oblong-triangular; petals 3.5—5mm long, 2.25—2.5mm
wide; styles 1-1.25mm long; fruit golden yellow, 8—12mm across, 3—5-
locular, mostly with only 2(3) developed seeds. FI. August—September,
Fr. from December to summer of the following year.
10
Forests of low mountain belt.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Guria, Kvirily,
possibly wild), E. Transc. (Tbilisi, Kirovabad, apparently escaped). Gen.
distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (eastern part of Balkans, from Attica to Thrace and
Macedonia), As. Min. In Italy, Spain, NW Africa and Egypt apparently
escaped from cultivation. Described from near Constantinople. Type
unknown.
Economic importance. Of the species of ivy, H. chrysocarpa is of
special importance because of its pale green foliage and golden yellow fruits.
According to Walsh, the fruit is used in Turkey as an emetic and laxative
and is also prescribed by local doctors.
Note. In spite of its unique habit this species is usually regarded as a
variety of H. helix L., from which it is distinguished by the larger — to
twice as large — yellow fruits, the larger pale leaves of the fertile shoots,
the more compound inflorescence — often with 12-15 umbels — and the
larger (to 5mm long) petals. Also the hairs of H. chrysocarpa rarely
have more than 5—6 rays.
The distribution area of H.chrysocarpa extends from the eastern
part of the Balkan Peninsula over Asia Minor up to the Caucasus, where its
boundary is still obscure.
In his monograph of Hedera, Tobler replaced H.chrysocarpa
Walsh by the newer H. poetarum Bertol., claiming the former name to
be a nomen nudum. Recognizing H. chrysocarpa, the present author
has demonstrated that it differs from H. helix. Reference to Tournefort's
short diagnosis of this ivy supports the claim that H. chrysocarpa
Walsh is a valid name.
H. poetica Salisb. (Prodr. (1796) 143), also quoted in the Index
Kewensis, possibly refers to H.chrysocarpa. We did not have access
to the source of this reference but if H. poetica Salisb. was published
according to the international rules of nomenclature and does indeed refer
to H.chrysocarpa Walsh, then it has priority.
The ancient Greeks and Romans associated this species of ivy with the
cult of the god Dionysus (Bacchus) and poets were crowned by weaths
made of its branches. Both Dioscorides and Pliny refer to H. dionysias
ACen Onde cacatherx, LnamstO wr «mel xe
Series 4. Helix Pojark.— Hairs stellate, 5—8(10)-rayed; fruit black,
6—10mm across; leves of sterile shoots very variable, entire and 3—5-
lobed, often with predominance of sagittate leaves with large attenuate
median lobe; distributed in the Mediterranean countries and Europe.
4. Tal, lneliiixe Ine Sion jal (L758) BOB jo. 395, Excl, sveiess. IWiclon Jails Ios, Wil, I,
SEO OES OS Sn Eyl woes a Win O90, joesoeterSlatantall vor Eu Te) Z9) hos pr eEedelhi.
and Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross. 666,p.p. (excl. pl. taur.); Tobler, Gatt. Hedera,
17,p.p.; Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 @i933)) 86, 0. p.—5 Heelob ata, Gilnib.
Beccumphyt- MmGii92) 2625— HescOnmmunis 5. Ha@ray. Nat. Amcang. Bicit.
Pip (he? |) 40ie le. hedehs and Eillem.,loid.. tion o41e Noble, Isc. fils sei,
2, G—Os Iei@ens Wl IS WS Ay along WSO Alay, tie aration AZ) — 47Aglasn = WSoxisice 1a Il
Connects allie iexs.. NOs la kZe
Shrub; stems woody, branching, creeping on ground and stones or
climbing to 3-20m on trees and rocks by short adventitious roots on
herbaceous juvenile shoots; stems rarely reach more than 15cm in
diameter; leaves wintergreen, coriaceous, glabrous, dark green, shiny
1—Hedera caucasigena Pojark., branches with flowers, part of sterile shoot, hair; 2 —
H.pastuchovii G.Woron., branch with young fruits, part of sterile shoot, hair; 3 — Aralia schmidtii
PLATE I
Pojark.
10
above, paler beneath, with asymmetrical reticular venation, to 10cm long
and as wide, very variable in shape: on sterile shoots usually broad with
cordate base, from rounded-ovate to attenuate, 3—5(7)-angular-lobate,
usually with broad or slightly enlarged median lobe, sometimes mixed with
narrow sagittate leaves with markedly attenuate median lobe; veins often
white or yellowish; on fertile branches leaves broadly ovate or rhombic-
ovate to rounded, sometimes only the uppermost narrow, lanceolate (usually
narrower in var. baltica Rehd.), rarely with 2 (or 1) symmetrical or
asymmetrical lateral lobes. Umbels multiflorous, usually globular, 20—
13 35mm across, the terminal to 40mm across,invar. baltica usually
smaller, 17—23(25)mm across, mostly with 8—12 flowers; umbels on fairly
thick 1.7—3.5 cm pedicels, with 2-3 squamiform leaves at base, solitary
or arranged 3-10 in raceme; pedicels 6—13(17)mm, with small brown
squamiform bracts at base; but for calyx-teeth all parts of inflorescence
with dense grayish stellate 5—8(10)-rayed hairs, the 6—7-rayed pre-
dominating; flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, ovary semiinferior, calyx-
teeth very short; petals fleshy, (3)3.5-4mm long, 2—2.5mm wide, brown
outside with sparse stellate hairs, greenish inside, with longitudinal keel;
stamens shorter than petals; styles short, 0.8-1.2mm; ovary commonly
with 5 (very rarely to 10) cells; fruit globular, 8-10mm across, with
2—5, usually 2—3-seeds, reddish-purple when unripe, later dark brown,
the blue-black ripe fruit persistent during the year. Fl. (August)
(September— October (December), Fr. in the spring March-April (up to
June) of the following year.
Shady places in gorges and ravines; broad-leaved, especially beech
forests, in stony places and rocks, where it produces continuous cover and
climbs high on trees.— European part: Balt. (including Ezel Island),
U. Dnp., U. Dns. (the westernmost parts of these areas), Bes. Gen. distr.:
Seand., southern part (in Norway up to 60°35'N, in Sweden up to 50°), Centr.
and Atl. Eur., W. Med. (S. Europe), Bal.—_As. Min. Described from
Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. H. helix has been cultivated since antiquity.
In Central Europe as well it has been in cultivation so long, in fact, that it
is difficult sometimes to determine its natural boundary. There are
about 100 names of garden forms of H. helix, most of which appear to
be synonyms; some presumably refer to other species of ivy H. chryso-
eanpa Walsh; H.taurica Carr.,H.sicotieca A.Cheval.). The garden
forms differ primarily by the shape (Gassese cl igitata Lodd.,palmata
Ca soch ancl anise Ebb. diel) tod eas Hibb., ha sitiait a hont, LO « Wulojsa
Hibb. and others) and color of the leaves: white-, yellow- and sometimes
pink-spotted or bordered, and also by the white or pink nerves (ie
elegantissima Hibb.,marginata Hibb.,variegata hort.,Lowei
C.K.Schn. etc.). The white-fruited var. leucocarpa Seem., has been
described by Theophrastus. Var. arborescens Loud. and var.
arborea hort. (H. arborea Garsault) do not produce creeping shoots
but form erect, low shrubs; they are obtained by rooting or grafting
cuttings taken from fertile shoots. Also frequently cultivated is H. helix
var. hibernica Kirchn. (or H. helix var. scotica hort.) which
produces a very high growth, with large, wide and thin leaves, and bears
hairs with many rays (7-12). These characters place it close to
ILS)
H.canariensis Willd. and some authors (Seeman) indeed regard it as
a variety of this species or as one of its hybrids with H. helix (Schneider).
Recently it has been described as H. scotica A.Cheval. Reported wild
from Ireland.
Ivy is grown in gardens and parks in the southern part of the USSR,
sometimes also in the Baltic area in addition to being a house and green-
house plant. Covered in winter, it has been successfully cultivated on
open ground in Kuibyshev, Moscow, and, according to Regel, also in
Leningrad.
It is an excellent honey plant, especially valuable because it flowers in
late fall. The honey obtained ("'stoney honey") is white and very thick.
The white wood, with brown or gray veins, is light and porous and is used
in turneries. The leaves are bitter, with a disagreeable taste; according
to Wehmer they contain the glucosides saponin and hederine (helixin),
inositol, carotene, formic and malic acids. There are indications that
they may be used in place of soap. When injured, the stems exude a gummy
juice which hardens in the air to form brownish encrustations (gummi or
resina hedarae) which serves to prepare spirit varnish for painting in oil
colors. In former times it was also of value in popular medicine. The
bitter fruits are readily eaten by birds. They contain hederine, tannic acid,
hederine-saponin, dyestuff, a high proportion of green-colored oil and
butyric and linoleic acids.
Note. The eastern boundary of the natural distribution area of
H. helix in the Soviet Union runs along its westernmost border. Here,
especially in the more northern regions, like Belorussia [Pushcha] virgin
forest and the Baltic area, H. helix usually remains sterile, blossoming
and bearing fruit only rarely. Within its large European area, it displays
a remarkable polymorphism, reflected in the presence of a series of
obscure taxonomic status, some of which have been described as distinct
species (Elston PeEleMsis Senmmem, lelo wll @iw iiowinc a Sennen). A curious
deviation is shown by the form known in cultivation as H. helix var.
baltica Rehder (Bail. Stand. Cyclop. horticult. II (1939) 1437), known
only from the eastern boundary of the distribution area in the Baltic area
and in Southern Scandinavia. Here the peduncles of the shoots are
distinguished by their small leaves; the leaves are not more than 3-6cm
long, usually narrow, rhombic and lanceolate-rhombic, often pale green,
always entire, with smooth not undulant margins; umbels often few-flowered,
small, 1.7—2.5cm across, usually solitary. This distinctly reduced form,
the most cold-resistant form under cultivation, is probably the only
representative at the northeastern boundary of the species and requires
further study.
5. H.caucasigena Pojack. in Addenda XV; 587.— EH - helix viee nie
faWe Sea, I CUNO) Meiojone Ibcllo, Il, iosss IW, L815, j0.or Boiss. Fil
pre Il W090; pe p.3) Nobllen: Gatte Hedera, 17 :p. ps, viedvedey, Diamar
Kank, uz¢l, 3 (1919) 17 Grosse, Hla Waves Til N08 p-ip.s. olalkenis) te JP AL.
Abkhaz. Ili, i777 non la— ie helix subsp. cam casi ca KMicopyanuschedhes
eins Coles INO. UV (eulogy 1s, Ine ll ase),
Shrub; climbing liana to 25m. Morphologically, it differs from
H. helix L. as follows: the sterile shoots always bear, often predominantly,
large oblong sagittate leaves with long attenuate median lobe and 2, rarely
4, short lateral lobes; the remaining leaves of sterile shoots are broadly
cordate, usually angular-3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, with a short median lobe;
the lobes are usually obtuse, rarely acute; the leaves of the climbing sterile
shoots are also usually 3-lobed, ovate or rounded-cordate; the fertile
shoots bear entire leaves, up to 7(9)cm long and 4.5—6(6.5) cm wide, smaller
than in H. helix, generally narrower, ovate, with truncate base or rhombic-
ovate, with cuneate base, often mixed with narrower lanceolate and
lanceolate-rhombic leaves, with flat or undulant margins. The inflorescence
is longer and narrower, sometimes an oblong raceme of (3)5-12 umbels,
sometimes umbels solitary; the umbels are smaller than in H. helix:
the solitary terminal one 20—27(32) mm, the lateral ones (15)17—23(27)mm
across, with few flowers, subglobular, rarely the terminal globular; pedicels
2—3.8mm long, narrower, 0.6—0.8mm thick; pedicels thin, 5—9(12)mm,
often elongating in fruit to 8—15(18) mm; hairs of inflorescence not so
dense, stellate, 5—6-rayed, with mixture of 7—-8-rayed; flowers smaller,
the petals 2—2.5mm, sometimes to 3mm long and 1.5mm wide; fruit 5-9mm
across, usually with 2—4(5) seeds. Fl. September—November; ripe fruits
in the spring and ‘summer (April—June) of the following year. (Plate I,
Figure 1.)
Forests along coastlines and low mountain belt, spreading or climbing
trees, rocks, walls of ancient structures, hedges.— Caucasus: W. Cisc.,
W. Transc., E. Transc. (Teletskii Range, Kakhetia), S. Transc. (N. and W.).
Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Lazistan). Described from Yur'evskoe near
Sukhumi (G.R.F. exs. No.1771). Type in Leningrad.
Note. Reports of the widespread distribution of MIE S Nave Jka Sa, To Soy LS
Caucasian race H. caucasigena, throughout the entire Caucasus are
erroneous for its occurrence in Ciscaucasia and W. Transcaucasia is
very limited. It has been confirmed from Kakhetia and somewhat to the
east, in Nukha, Teletskii Range near Tbilisi, and in N. Armenia (Dilizhan,
Idzhevan). Herbarium specimens believed to come from Kirovabad and
Lenkoran are apparently based on false determinations of H. pastu-
chovii and in part also of C.chrysocarpa (for Kirovabad). There
are no wild specimens from Iran, where H. helix is erroneously shown
for the north instead of H. pastuchovii.
Lienert sneore mal Guthersst tacOnape lel lel iE xalaGeskite et austell Cramoly, guia
small sessile umbels with thin pedicels, and small flowers. Together with
FiPprauie teat di tters trom) Hi aielix an) the predominance of saputtate
leaves on the sterile shoots: these are usually 5-lobed in H. taurica,
SOD eds imi 1c anuicaysh Se Mia.
6. H.taurica Carr. in Rev. hort. 62 (1890) 163; Haage u. Schmidt, in
Verzeichn. (1862) apud Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 46, 133, pp.nom. nud.—
H.helix M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 174, pp. (quoad pl. taur.); Ldb.
Mil, ROSSo ly ly SVB, O08 JEOISSs Ile Cleo Wily LODO, a fos5 Siaenale. Jl, Uy 429,
Pepe auct. tly tauc. non Ij. — Le pole tar time 2) varentauiciie ay Wobbler.)
Cr eines nitxdnyanicene an lbrenikcralmlololiercealeicenesUllo teal lo nga ommln em lor mmr elacles
mmesciley Starice Cyclop, Hortic. Im (l939) 14375 — le. Mobller, Ines ted a, 1G;
ipl S..
Shrub; juvenile shoots rather densely covered with stellate hairs;
leaves coriaceous, shiny above, glabrous, often pale and even yellow-green,
tom cna lone, ).o cm wide, as in H. Cauwcasigena on sterile creeping
"
13
(,
shoots there predominate sagittate leaves with markedly elongated
commonly 5-segmented median lobe, with well-developed lower pairs of
lobes. The broad leaves of these shoots are 3-lobed or slightly angular,
often entire, triangular or cordate; sterile climbing shoots with broadly
cordate, usually entire, rarely with some slightly angular leaves; leaves
of fertile shoots usually oblong-ovate or rhombic-ovate, long-acuminate
with cuneate base, rarely wider, ovate, short-acuminate, with truncate
base, always entire. Umbels often solitary, rarely in racemes of up to
5, pedicels 2—2.5cm; entire inflorescence densely covered with stellate,
5—8-rayed hairs, 7-8-rayed predominant, rays often united for large
stretch to produce squamiform hairs, or composed of 1—2 branches; there
also occur coarse hairs with 3-5 rays, to 1mm long; umbels usually
globular, the solitary umbel terminal, 23-27 mm across, many-flowered with
up to 38 flowers, the lateral smaller, 14-—28mm across, few-flowered;
pedicels (4)5-10mm, to 7-1lmm in fruit; calyx-teeth conspicuous, petals
ovate, 3—4mm long, 1-8—2.5mm wide; fruit black, 6—10mm across. “BI;
September— October, Fr. February—September (to Juneof the following year).
Northern and southern slopes of mountain forests, shady places, climbing
on trunks of trees, rocks and stones.— European part: Crim. Gen. distr.:
Bal.-As. Min. (Dobrudzha). Described from Oreanda near Yalta. Type
lost.
Economic importance. As in preceding species it has been under
cultivation fora long time, mainly as. hielix var. taurire a nom
Note. Tobler, who devoted much time to the study of Crimean ivy,
stressed in his monograph the difference in character of its pubescence
as compared with the European H. helix L. The similarity with
H.chrysocarpa Walsh in the shape and color of the leaves led him to
suggest that the Crimean ivy was related to this species, as reflected in
the name he proposed for it: H. poetarum (?) var. taurica Tobl.
He even surmised that the fruits are yellow, because the juvenile fruits of
both H.taurica and H.chrysocarpa lacked anthocyan. Yet he was
wrong because the fruits of Crimean ivy, as well as those of H. helix,
are black, and the former should therefore be regarded as a geographical
race. Rehder's argument that Crimean ivy was a hybrid (H. colchica X
H. helix) is quite fortuitous.
Genus 933. ECHINOPANAX * Dcne. et Planch.
Dene. et Planch. in Rev. hortic. 4, sér.II] (1854) 105.-Panax 2 Oplopanax Torr. et Gr. Fl. N.
Amer. I (1840) 648.- Oplopanax Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I (1863-1864), 16
Flowers bisexual and staminate, monoecious, umbels in forming raceme
(rarely slightly branching panicle); calyx of (4)5 small teeth or an
inconspicuous border; petals valvate in bud; styles 5, free or connate for
half their length; ovary 2-locular; fruit fleshy, with laterally flattened
double drupe. Shrubs, stems not branching or slightly so, densely covered
with acicular prickles.
* From the Greek echinos — prickle, and Panax — name of the genus.
14
18
ig)
Besides E. elatum Nakai, 2 species: E.japonicum Nakai in
japan, ». Womradum Dene. et Planch., in Western North America.
1. E. elatum Nakai in Journ. Coll. sc. Tokyo, XXVI, 1 (1909) 276; Kom.
and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. (1932) 785.— Panax horridus
Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 1 (1844) 375, excl. non Sm.— E. horridus Harms in
H.— P. Pilanzenfam. 111,8(1898)34, p.p.; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh II, 116;
Crikeischn. Maubholzk-, 1430; pps non Dede: fet Pll] Opilio pana x
elatum Nakai. Fl. sylv. koreana, XVI (1927) 38; Nekrasova in Sov. bot.
No. 6 (1933) 85.— Ic.: Nakai in Jorn. Coll. sc. Tokyo, XXVI, 1 (1909) tab.
PVE Hille sylv.. Koreana, XVi1, tab. X1-
Shrub, usually about 1m, rarely to 2-3m high, with long creeping rhizome
and erect unbranched or only slightly branched stem. Bark pale gray,
with abundant brittle acicular 3-10cm prickles; petioles 6-—16cm,
densely covered with short prickles, leaves large, 15-30cm across, glabrous
or with scattered prickles above, prickly along veins below, shallowly 5—7-
lobed, with broad acute or obtuse lobes, with acute double teeth, fringed with
prickly hairs. Inflorescence axillary 7-18cm long, peduncles 2.5-6cm,
densely covered with long rust-colored hairs and prickles; umbels small,
9-13mm across, in oblong raceme or a Slightly branching panicle at tips
of main and lateral axes (second order branches usually with one, rarely
2-4 umbels); pedicels 2-—10mm, with dense long yellow hairs; bracts early
deciduous, pink, pectinately incised; calyx-teeth hardly discernible, petals
lanceolate-triangular; styles usually free, rarely more or less connate;
fruit yellow-red, 7-12mm long. Fl. June-July, Fr. from September.
(Plate II, Figure 1.)
Upper mountain forest belt, small thickets or groups.— Far East: Uss.,
southern part. Gen. distr.: Korea. Described from Korea. Type in
Tokyo.
Economic importance. A unique ornamental shrub that deserves to be
cultivated. Its N. American vicariant E. horridum Decne. et Planch.
is seldom cultivated.
Note. In 1927 Nakai proposed Oplopanax Mig. (1863) to replace
the earlier Echinopanax Dene. et Planch. (1854), claiming that the
authors of Echinopanax had ignored the fact that it was based on
Panax horridum. Oplopanax elatum Nakai should therefore
be discarded in favor of Echinopanax elatum Nakai
Genus 934. ACANTHOPANAX * Seem.
Seem. in Journ. Bot. V (1867) 238.— Panax subgen. Acanthopanax Dene. et Planch. in Rev.
hortic. 4 sér. III (1854) 105.
Flowers bisexual or polygamous (dioecious or monoecious), in solitary |
umbels or arranged in racemiform or umbelliform inflorescences; calyx
of 5 small teeth, petals 5, valvate in bud, styles 2, free or more or less
connate, ovary 2-locular; fruit berry-like, a double-trihedral laterally
flattened drupe; pedicels not jointed. Shrubs, rarely trees,not spiny or
with prickly branches and stem; leaves palmately compound.
* From the Greek acantha — thorn,spine,and Panax —name of the genus.
20
About 20—25 species, Southeast Asia including the Philippines.
1, A.sessiliflorum (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. V (1867)
239; Harms in E.— P.Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 50; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh.
III (1905) 117; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 429.— Panax sessili-
florum Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Se. Pétersb. XV (1857) 133;
Maxim. Prim. fl. amux. 131.—€ephalopanax (Se sisalitll onium
Baill. in Adansonia, XII (1878) 149.— Ic.: Gartenflora, XI (1862) tab. 369;
Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II (1932) tabl. 239; Nakai,
Fl. sylv. koreana, XV (1927) tab. II.
Shrub, to 3.5m high, branching, with gray longitudinally splitting bark
and yellowish-gray smooth shoots or covered with sparse prickles;
petioles to 12cm, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, often with solitary
prickles; leaves palmately compound, the 3—5 leaflets sessile on hairy,
5-12cm petioles (subglabrous at tip); leaflets elliptic, cuneate, short
apex mucronate, 5-17cm long, 2.5—7cm wide, thin in shady localities,
thick in exposed localities, glabrous above, bristly-hairy, sometimes with
few prickles beneath along veins; margins usually acutely bidentate.
Flowers in subcapitate umbels commonly polygamous-monoecious, rarely
all bisexual, on very short peduncles, umbels solitary or in dichasia of
2—6 at tips of branches; pedicels and sepals lanate-tomentose, styles
connate nearly to tip; fruit ellipsoidal-ovoid, black, a laterally strongly
compressed ventrally-flattened double drupe. Fl. August, Fr. from
September. (Plate II, Figure 3.)
Wooded riverbanks and streams, forest edges and clearings, islands,
elevated localities in inundated valleys, meadows, solitary or in small
groups.— Far East: Ze.-Bu, Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria,
Korea, N. China). Described from Amur. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Cold-resistant ornamental shrub.
Note. The taxonomy and relationships of Acanthopanax have not
yet been worked out. Some taxonomists, including Harms, in his review
of Acanthopanax (1919) regard it as comprising _ Kalopanax and
Bae unlaeraOreiOIeieuisi.
A.sessiliflorum belongs to the oligotypic E. Asian section
Cephalopanax (Baill.) Harms (in Mitt. d. deutsch. dendr. Gesellsch.
XXVII (1918) 14.- Cephalopanax Baill. in Adanson. XII (1878) 149,
non Saporta), characterized by very short peduncles yielding capituliform
umbels, forming more or less umbelliform terminal racemes, by the
tomentose pubescence of calyx and pedicels, and by the bi-carpellary ovary.
Genus 935. ELEUTHEROCOCCUS* Maxim.
Maxim. in Mem. présent. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 132.- Acantho panax sect. Eleuthero-
coccus Harms in E.—P Pflanzenfam. VIII, 8 (1898) 50
Flowers bisexual or unisexual, staminate and pistillate, polygamous,
in umbels; umbels solitary or 2—5 at tips of shoots; pedicels not jointed,
thin, rather long; calyx of 5 (4-6) small teeth; corolla of 5 (4-6) petals,
« From the Greek eleutheros — free,coccon — seed.
yalvate in bud, styles 5 (rarely 3—4 or 6—7), adnate to tube for entire
length; ovary 5-locular (rarely 3—4- or 6—7-locular); fruit berry-like,
a strongly laterally flattened double-drupe. Shrub, usually with prickly
shoots and palmately compound leaves.
About 15 species in E. Asia, from Japan to the Himalayas.
1. E.senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. in Mém. présent. Acad.
sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 132; Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII
sér. XII, 2 (1868) 47; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III (1905) 119; Kom. and Alis.,
@pred. rast. Dal'mevost. kr. I 186.—- Hedera? sentueosa Rupr.) ect
Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XV (1856) 134.— Acanthopanax
senticosus Harms in E.— P. Plfanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 50; Makino et
Nemoto, Fl. Jap. ed. 2 (1931) 817.— E. koreanus Nakai, Fl. sylv.
koreana, XV, (1927) 32n— wick Kom andeAlticSsilbiGepataolee 2403) SNakarnaaleics
fale VL.
Shrub, to 2m, rarely to 4-5m high, with light gray bark; shoots light
brown, usually densely covered with thin brittle prickles curved below,
sometimes prickles wanting (f. inermis Kom.); petioles to 10cm,
glabrous or with sparse rufous hairs, with or without solitary prickles;
leaves of 5 leaflets, these oboval or elliptic, cuneate, short-acuminate or
tapering to more or less long mucro, thin, adult specimens glabrous or
more or less densely covered with short bristly hairs, with rufous hairs
below along nerves; margins acutely bidentate; upper leaflets larger than
lower, 7—12.5cm long, 3—7cm wide, the petiolules longer, 1—2 cm, covered
with dense rufous hairs. Umbels on long stalks, single, terminal but usually
3—4, the distal commonly solitary, fertile, larger and more multiflorous,
with peduncles to 8cm; pedicels (6)10—20mm, glabrous or hairy only at
base; flowers polygamous-dioecious; petals soon deciduous, yellowish in
pistillate flowers, light violet in bisexual and staminate flowers; stamens 5),
styles connate, 5 free short stigmas; fruit subglobular, black, 7-10cm
long, a pentapartite drupe with strongly flattened parts. Fl. July—August,
Fr. from September. (Plate II, Figure 2.)
Mixed and coniferous mountain forests forming small undergrowths or
groups in thickets and edges; a common component of undergrowths.
Rarely in oak groves at foot of cliffs and ravines, more rarely in high-
forest riparian woodland.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.:
Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, N. China (Hopeh), Japan. Described from
Pranic Lype in leningerad.
Economic importance. An ornamental shrub deserving wide cultivation.
Note. Highly polymorphic in several characters, the range of variations
presumably comprising E.koreanus Nakai, from NW Korea. The
diagnostic characters (dotted lenticels on shoots, sparse pubescence of
umbel base and long pedicels) also mark Russian material from the
different parts of the distribution area of E.senticosus. Many of the
Sakhalin specimens markedly deviate from the type by the large broad
teeth of their leaves and the more dense, bristly pubescence of their upper
Side.
22
23
Genus 936. KALOPANAX * Mig.
Mig. in Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd.-Batav. I (1863-1864) 16, p.p. - Acanthopanax sect. Kalopanax
Harms in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XX VII (1918) 31
Flowers in globular long-stalked umbels, forming terminal umbelliform
inflorescences; pedicels not jointed; calyx of 5(4) small teeth; petals 5(4),
valvate in bud; styles 2, connate to tip; ovary 2-locular; fruit a double
drupe with fleshy exocarp, each part trihedral, with cartilaginous endocarp.
Trees, with simple palmately lobed or partite leaves, branches with strong
prickles. One species.
1. K.septemlobum (Thunb.) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXXIX (1925)
306. AiG eics Septem Vo bi m sihunb., lee jam. (1784) 161.— A. pictum
Thunb. in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. sc. Upsal. IV (1784) 40, non in Fl. jap.
(1784).— Panax ricinifolium S. et Z. in Abh. Acad. Munch. IV, 2
(1845) 199.— Tetrapanax ricinifolium C.Koch. in Wochenschr. f.
Gartn. u. Pflanzenk. II (1859) 371.— Kalopanax ricinifolium Mig.
in Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd.-Batav. I (1863-1864) 16; Fr. Schmidt in Mém.
Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XII, 2 (1868) 140; Harms in E.— P. Pflanzen-
fam. III, 8 (1898) 51; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III, 122; Kudo in Jap. Journ.
Bot. II, 269; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 786; Vorob'ev
in Tr. Dal'nevost. bazy AN SSSR, ser.biol. 1 (1948) 37.— Bras siopsis
ricinifolia Seem. in Journ. of Bot. II (1864) 291.—- Acanthopanax
PiCwnienol aus Seem. La Journ. ol Bote Wil (1868) 140; Miyabe, Fl. Kuril.
Isl. (1890) 237; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 429.- Aralia maximo-
wiczii Van Houtte, Fl. d. Serres, XX (1874) tab. 2067.— Acantho-
panax acerifolium Schelle in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XVII ~
XVII (1908) 217.— Acanthopanax ricinifolium var. Maximowiczii
Koehne in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XXII (1913) 145.—
Kalopanax autumnalis Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXXVII (1923)
a8.— Kalopanax pictum Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana, “Vi (1927 )ea4=
Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 (1933) 922 Tess Naka 12 ess talbe a alle
Gok. Schn- a. cif. 289 v—z,f.291 b—c; Miyabe et Kudo) Iles forest trees
Hokkaido, III (1930) tab. 78.
Tree, usually 10—12(23)m high, with weakly branching erect stem ca.
10cm across, bark gray, splitting longitudinally; shoots and branches
usually sparsely covered with strong flat prickles to 1—-2cm long, strongly
dilated at base, leaves long-petiolate, large, to 9—26(35) cm long, 11—35(40) cm
wide, palmately 7- (rarely 5- or 9-) lobed, rarely deeply partite (var.
maximowiczii (Koehne) Pojark.), glabrous but for barbules beneath
base of midrib; lobes from triangular and ovate-triangular to lanceolate-
oval, with appressed serrate margins. Flowers in long-pediceled globular
umbels, to 2-2.2cm across, these numerous (to 100), forming subglobular
umbelliform or corymbiform terminal inflorescence, to 30cm across;
pedicels 5-9mm; petals yellowish-green, oval-elliptic, anthers pink;
fruit 4-5mm across, globular, a dorsally keeled double drupe, with 2 furrows
on flat ventral side. Fl. July—August, Fr. middle of September.
Edges of mixed and broadleaved forests, high open forests, singly or in
small groups.— Far East: Uss., Sakh. S.Kuriles (Kunashir and Iturup
islands). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Japan to Ryukyu inclusively, Manchuria,
Korea, China). Described from Japan. Type in Leningrad.
* From the Greek calos — handsome, Panax — name of the genus.
18
24
Economic importance. A beautiful ornamental tree with fine-grained,
lightweight, soft, golden-yellow wood ("white nut'') of K. septemlobum,
easily polished and yields a handsome veneer, very valuable for furniture-
making and turning, also in Japan. Its resonant qualities make it suitable
for the production of musical instruments. Deserves cultivation for
export, but almost neglected in the USSR. It has been successfully grown
in the Central zone and near Leningrad.
Note. It appears that in the USSR there occur only var. typicum
(Nakai) Pojark., with glabrous leaves, and var. mag nificum (Nakai)
Pojark., its leaves covered beneath with crisp, simple or multipartite hairs,
which do not appear in our material.
This species has for many years been known as Kee aive tariston lea
Migq., until Koidzumi in 1925 renamed it K. se ptemlobus Koidz., going
back to Thunberg, who, assuming it to be a maple, because of its leaves,
had described it in 1784as Acer septemlobum (Flora japonica). In
1927 it was once again renamed, this time K. pictum Nakai, referring to
Thunberg's Acer pictum Thunb. (1783). However, Nakai was wrong,
because Vol. IV of 'Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Upsal.,'' to which he refers, is
dated 1784, just like ''Flora japonica." It is difficult to decide now which
of these was published first. It is true in ''Flora japonica'’ Thunberg
refers to 'Kaempferus illustratus, II,""in which Acer pictum Thunb.
is published as of 1783, but this only confirms that in publishing two works
simultaneously Thunberg expected that ''Kaempferus illustratus,'' included
in the above-mentioned Vol. IV of ''Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Upsal., would be
published in 1783, which however did not happen. Thus, Acer pictum
Thunb. does not have priority over Acer septemlobum Thunb. and
since the epithet septemlobum was established for Kalopanax
ricinifolium before Nakai reintroduced for it the epithet Die EuMa, Le
is the former that should be retained. We should add that for nearly 150
years,Acer pictum Thun. has been attached to a species of maple
because in ''Flora japonica" a species of maple was really described as
Acer pictum Thunb. As we could not ascertain where this name was
first used, in ''Flora japonica" or in ''Nova Acta Upsal. IV", there is no
reason why the name of the maple Acer pictum Thunb. should not be
retained.
"
Genus 937. ARALIA * L.
L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 273
Flowers bisexual or staminate, with abortive ovary, commonly o-merous,
rarely 4- or 6-merous; calyx of small teeth, petals imbricate in bud, styles |
free or more or less connate, ovary (2)5—6-locular; flowers in umbels,
these usually arranged in compound paniculate inflorescence, rarely in
simple raceme; pedicels jointed; fruit berry-like, globular, (5)6-faceted,
with fleshy exocarp, the 5—6 parts laterally flattened with cartilaginous
endocarp. Small trees with nearly simple stem or high perennial herbs
usually bearing prickles; leaves compound, twice or thrice pinnate.
* Canadian Indian name of the species.
29
About 35 species, mostly in subtropical or tropical climates, in south-
eastern Asia, the Sulu Archipelago, as well as in North and Central
Amilericear.
In the USSR Aralia is known from the Lower Cretaceous to the
Sarmatian but the generic relations of some fossils is doubtful, because of
their similarity with Sassafras. A.lucifera Krysht. and A.koly-
mensis Krysht. are the oldest dicotyledonous plants in the USSR.
Aralia baieriana Heer, Upper Cretaceous, Yenisei (Simonova).—
A.daphnophyllum Velen., Lower Senomanian, Daralagez.— A. firmi-
folia Vasil., Eocene, Karakum (Lake Er-Oilan-Duz).— A. kolymensis
Krysht., Lower Cretaceous, Lena-Kolyma (Zyryanka River).— A.koro-
vinii Jarm., Upper Cenomanian — Lower Turonian, Kyzyl-Dzhar
(Kazakhstan).— A.lucifera Krysht., Aptian (?), Ussuri (Sitsa River,
Suchan River).— A. polevoii Krysht., Cenomanian-Tuvonian, Sakhalin
(Mgachi, Petrovskii mine, Arkovo-Rudnik).— A. cf. polymorpha
Newb., Upper Cretaceous (Danian), western shore of Kamchatka.— A. cf.
Saportana Lesq., Danian stage (Burey: Tsagan), Bureya Belogor'ya on
Amur.— A.schmalhausenii Pimen., Eocene, U. Dnp. (Mogil'no). =
A.tikhonovichii Krysht., Cenomanian- Turonian, Sakhalin (Mgachi). —
A.tschulymensis Heer, Upper Cretaceous, Yenisei (Simonova, Chulym
River).— Aralia sp., Lower Oligocene, Aral-Caspian (Dzhaman-Kaindy),
Upper Oligocene, Lake Balkhasharea (Ashutas) and Sarmatian, Black Sea
(Krynka River); Mio-Pliocene, Ob region (Kireevskoe, seeds, 2 species);
Pliocene deposits, Kireevskoe on Ob; Middle Oligocene, northern Aral
area.
1. Trees with stem bearing prickles; umbels in large branching
paniculate inflorescences, these united in large terminal umbel
(Section 1, Diieacrgeneraons MIG) See eS oe eee Seb ese ke PA
a High perennial herbs, without prickles; inflorescence a terminal
panicles (Section:2.« .MerbarealiasNalkat)iuy s ois ona) cicsle: Gielen ee ene 3h
2. Leaflets usually oblong-ovate, with small teeth, conspicuously
petioled, petioles 2—5(8)mm; panicles of (1)3—5(7) lateral umbels,
the axessor the;secondyordex, tightly arranged. 2.0 NO) glOn cit mene
Sire as aciss Kec carics Waiina, Set yop cl RSMAS (SL mrad hic. Ye 2. A.mandschurica Rupr. et Maxim.
ar Leaflets usually broadly ovate, with large teeth, sessile, rarely on
short, 1—2(4) mm, petiolules; panicles of (1—3)5—15 lateral umbels,
axes of the second order sparsely arranged to 13-15 mm long ae
TS Ro ae SEA IA CaaROR aC ME pee tad Ur ne SAO Grinders oat 1. A.elata (Miq.) Seem.
3. Inflorescence dense, with tightly arranged axes of the second order
2.5-6(8) cm long, with 3—8 axes of the third order which frequently
bear 1—3 axes of the fourth order (if shorter: inflorescence on axes
of second order — panicle of 6-14 umbels); umbels of bisexual flowers
15—23mm across; styles connate for “ele LSS ee eee
namie Suny, GHONS Neecheeeohciko Hed) OOMBS! Gad tt ond kbio 4. A.continentalis Kitagawa.
ats Inflorescence less branching, usually without axes of fourth order,
the axes of the second order bearing simple racemes of 2—4 umbels;
Sayles connare sow oe yomd) mateo ey eum ieisn i lsncyien einen tiene ane 4.
4. Umbels of bisexual flowers 17—28(30)mm across; axes of second
order loosely arranged, 3—15cm (usually 5—9cm), inflorescence not
GLENS e ey ue DPM O TS oR Orc. mAmenNen Gmio MaMeEnacs Ca Geet eetenc 3. A.cordata Thunb.
20
26
+ Umbels of bisexual flowers 20—35(40)mm across; axes of second
order 3—6.5cm, clustered or forming 3-5 multirayed whorls ......
iets teu far rohan igccnceneuonce ceria owe’ lotkgol matte opto, Veh ehvall el im ca 5. A.schmidtii Pojark.
Section 1. DIMORPHANTHUS Mig. FI. Ind. Bat.I (1855) 749.—
Dimorphanthus Mig. Comment. phytogr. (1840) 95, pro gen. — Low
trees, the stems beset with prickles; inflorescence umbel-like, of large
terminal panicles on stem or branches.
1. A.elata (Mig.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. VI (1868) 134; Harms in E.—
P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1897) 57; Kudo in Jap. Journ. Bot. II (1925) 269.—
Dimorphanthus elatus Mig. Comment. phytogr. (1840) 95.— Aralia
canescens S. et Z. in Abh. Akad. Minch. IV, 2 (1845) 202.— A. spinosa
Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I (1864) 7,p.p. non L.— A. chinensis
var. canescens etvar. glabrescens C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909)
Aol lcea Vig. Comments pliytog i. (1840) tab. 12; Miyabe et Kudo, Ic.
forest trees Hokkaido, III (1931) tab. 80; Tarasaki,Ic. fl. jap. (1931) tab.
1466.
Small tree or shrub, 3—7m high; stem erect, 12-20cm across, simple
or with few short terminal transverse branches, bark dark brown, with
more or less dense short sturdy prickles, rarely almost without prickles;
leaves on long petioles spreading, clustered near stem apex, large, 40—
80cm long, twice pinnately compound, with 2—4 pairs of opposite compound
lobes of the first order, bearing 3—13 leaflets and few distal pairs of simple
leaves sometimes divided into 1—2, usually asymmetrical lobes; leaf
petiole, rachis and petiolules very densely or only slightly pubescent, with
brownish yellow hairs, often bearing prickles, these short on rachis and
petiolules, longer, to 10-12 mm in axils of leaflet lobes; leaflets sessile or
on very short (1—2(4) mm) petioles, 3-13 cm long, 1.4—6(7.5) cm wide, thick,
oblong-ovate, rarely elliptic or broadly ovate, usually long-acuminate,
always produced into mucro, usually long, base rounded or rounded-cuneate,
commonly asymmetrical, sometimes leaves more or less turned up,
unequally acutely toothed, the upper side bright green, more or less rugose,
glabrous or with scattered bristly hairs, the lower pale, glaucous, with
continuous yellowish velutinous pubescence, the hairs denser and longer
along veins (var. canescens Pojark. comb. nov. =A.spinosa var.
canescens Fr. et Sav., A. spinosa var. elata Sarg., A. chinensis
Woiremelataehde, A chinensis vag. canescens (C.K schn, nom
Koehne) or bristly, confined to veins (var. oa Wajlbigie sie ems) soja. comb’.
MOV ee aeavels Cle NS Sect yr Ay) S\pi OS ay viaign © | albyrrelsie veins @E ere.
et Sav., A. spinosa var. canescens Sarg.,non Fr. et Sav.,
Pere mwiniems is var. came s.celns) Koehne; kN. Ciainme nis iis) yal.
glabrescens C.K.Schn.). Inflorescence usually in shape of a large
panicle, to 60cm long (sometimes 12—25cm), forming terminal umbel at
tip of stem; panicles thin, axes of second order remote, alternate or in
part approximate in pairs; in contrast to A. mandshurica these
rarely have terminal umbel and the panicles are longer, to 13—15cm, in
addition to terminal umbel of bisexual flowers there are (1.3)5—15 lateral
umbels (bisexual or staminate flowers), the flowers sessile on 0.5—2.2cm
long axes of third order, bearing 3—8 small tuberculate mucronate bracts,
1 to 3 of these subtend very short axes of fourth order, bearing small
21
27
28
umbels of staminate flowers; umbels of bisexual flowers 12—17(22)mm
across, the staminate umbels 5—-9mm; pedicels of the former (3)5—8(10)mm
of the latter 1.5-3mm; all axial parts of inflorescence densely covered
with spreading yellow hairs, flowering markedly staggered, with consider-
able intervals between umbels of different orders; calyx of 5 broadly
triangular glabrous acute teeth; petals yellowish-white, oblong-ovate,
2.3mm long, 1.25mm wide; stamens longer than petals, anthers ovoid;
ovary glabrous, in bisexual flowers ovoid-cylindrical, in the staminate
broadly obconical; styles 5, rarely 6, 1—5mm, free or connate below,
stigma reddish; fruit 5-6mm across, commonly a 5-partite drupe. Fl.
August, Fr. October.
Forests, on rich, well-moistened soil.— Far East: Sakh. (S. and Kurile
Islands, southern islands, northern boundary on Urup SLE) Described
from Japan. Type in Holland?
Economic importance. As in the preceding species.
Note. Some specimens from Sakhalinaretypically var. glabrescens
(Fr. et Sav.) Pojark., with leaves pubescent only along nerves, and stem and peti- _
oles strongly spiny. If A. elata (Miq.) Seem. and A. canescens S. et Z.,
are distinguished — though there are insufficient grounds for this — var.
olabres cens should be called™ As caneseens Sy etv4.. aS) vars
canescens (Fr. et Sav.) Pojark. is the type of A. elata. Most speci-
mens from Sakhalin differ from the Japanese plants in having broader
leaves, with involute margins. All have small, strongly impoverished
inflorescences 12—18(25)cm long, with very short (1.5-5cm) second order
branches, mostly with single terminal, rarely with 1—3 lateral umbels. In
contrast to the impoverished inflorescences of the Japanese plants, the
Sakhalin specimens are distinguished by the crowded axes of the second
order, in the Japanese plants they are rarely remote.
2. A.mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc.
Pétersb. XV (1857) 134; Seem. in Journ. of Bot. VI (1868) 134; Kom. FI.
Man'chzh. III (1905) 123; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II,
786.— Dimorphanthus mandshuricus Rupr. et Maxim. in Mém.
présent. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 133.— D. elatus Rel. et Maack
in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. IV, 4 (1861) 74, non Mig.— Aralia
chinensis var. mandshurica Rehd: in Bailey, Cyecl. Amo tors
(1900) 82; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II, 431.— A. chinensis Nakai in Journ.
Colliw se. Lokyoy s
Pepe Rd Fame acl es citar valle! fed taidiet bette eyed oMktes tal Kel'fs) (fe) “his 980. Trachydium Lindl
Leaflets of involucel large, exceeding umbel; fruit glabrous ...-.-.-.-
oN Age aooMe he Laat Oath S aw Se OuiGa tiymaenolaena LC.
Leaflets of involucel shorter than umbel; fruit often verrucose....
ee radian Pett Vater) Yoyo ou iota, “shee, Gite releel sirens 979. Aulacospermum Ldb.
50(10). Lateral ribs similar to dorsal (only in Selinum nearly twice
56.
lie
as long, broadly gaping); seeds subcylindrical, with well developed
ell) ojbiaale pal Galgecuc a LOD ALIN Marsa mc cag a dharncths Pewxs Pav ele: organs “aire ores GrMed str 6! 6 ol.
Lateral ribs much wider (in Conioselinum and Levisticum
only twice as wide), than the often only slightly prominent 3 dorsal
ribs, forming marginal wings on mericarps; seeds narrow ....- 100.
Ribs slightly protruding; mericarps with narrow commissure... 92.
Ribs markedly protruding, sometimes winglike, marginal ribs
increase the width of the mericarpS -..-++++++essseeeeees 86.
Leaves Gill @mtmtieS oso oo nope ooo ood DDD OD OS 988. Bupleurum L.
Leaves (at least the lower) variously dissected or dentate ..... 53.
Canals under main ribs large, sometimes in addition to very narrow
canals under valleculae; flowers dioecious; petals white, entire,
with inrolled apex; leaves thinly GISSECTECG. scooanoo00000000 54.
Canals under valleculae well developed, sometimes ribs with very
narrow canals adjacent to fibrous bundles; at ripening canals
sometimes obliterated; flowers bisexual or polygamous ...--.- DOr
Ribs filiform, straight, glabrous or pubescent ... . 989. Trinia Hoffm.
Fruit ribbed, transversely rugose or plicate, always glabrous ...-. 55.
llega lobes’ =.=. = - ally Mica cited apbaires ratiantalds) aes Wee vole te trope 990. Rumia Hoffm.
Fruit ovoid; perennials with short (2-12 aan) WOBUEICSES 90000008
Bearers eixen ie Pah, ehh RN ee ter Eee a teaeneyoe Ledebouriella Wolff.
Fruit ribbed, transversely plicate or densely covered with
verrucose proceSSeS ..-.-+--. ere Me De ies ait Mea athe Wed let simeh ler RemeR euceio: © 5) Os
Riles fullaiitoreraly Stacenysloth | Golo 666 0 oc 0 clo Oo ous no OG ob ola oat 59.
Perennial tuberous plants; involucre and involucel present .....
2 BN AE Load Ogee DOO Se Loca abe bol dse DAOLCD 992. Ormopterum Schischk.
Annuals with thin root ..... ROA Sa 8 eget spate ine trop Tein pletweh eee) .'s) 6 58.
35
48
D8.
695.
66.
60115 1
‘
Secondary ribs broad, spongy, with transverse folds; involucre
NISC TAR eo Wo hc G0 Lethe ce OO OMowouciRSinOnowic 993. Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey..
Primary ribs acute, densely covered with white verrucose swellings;
HIVCMACTHS Ol DMCBMES cob oocobo con dace 981. Eremodaucus Bge..
Filiform main ribs over canals, alternate with wide or rather
prominent accessory ribs, without vascular bundles .......... 60..
Mericarps with only so equally tilitorma main ris) Si) ee lssen nen 62m.
Fruit elongate-cylindrical, secondary ribs with stellate bristly
IMSS Callyasq=neSua. Suloulleie, wiereewllere 55 S455 996. Cuminum L. .
Hein cylindrical Calyx teerar MdCOnS) NCH OU sas tien lcitemlitti ttn meine 615.
Mericarps covered with capitate hairs, vallecular canals solitary,
2 at commissure; styles twice as long as stylopodium; annuals
Miakiteahos eo Ea eee ee le ole es os ee as totes « O94.” Aphanopleticamincntccam
Mericarps glabrous, canals absent; styles shorter than stylopodium
Arh OMGE Cnc eiis all oh ah. fai PM ob te) at he MeN ot oe, AoRiee et vcieten eet ects 995. Froriepia C. Koch
Plant with strong, subglobular tuber; fruit long-ovoid to linear;
vallecular canals usually 2 to 3 or many, usually narrow, rarely
solitary; petals white or reddish or greenish-white or yellow... . 63.7
Plant without tubers; —frurt OvOld OFroveld—ey lumdielcall | anne mene 67.
IP Susuus) iSO ys PRoncuas como byte OwO. be OnOO, 6 O00, OnyONO Ol OO OO ldo oa oe 64,
IPO TAMSMWeAT ES hah cre. alee: oie vol feu arate tole Yel ie, 6 fatter Hela) fel Meh ot lctt’e, Namie Rae oe 65.
Calyx-teeth short, petals greenish-yellow; vallecular canals resinous,
Solitary, 2 canals aticommissune ~~. .) .).). 1012. Korshinskya Lipsky.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous, petals yellow; vallecular canals
resinous 2—3, 4—6 canals at commissure .... 1011. Muretia Boiss.
Tuber hidden deeply in soil; perennial, radical leaves 1, rarely 2—3
eae, Ss Pee OR De ark aon bate hats we 1007. Bunium L.
Tuber close to surface; annual or biennial; radical leaves few or
MOBO, Goleb oO OOD OO Ol git OOOO OD GOO Dame Oooo oo ooo - =» OGm
Vallecular canals solitary, 2 canals at commissure, ribs dilated
winglike, involucre absent, terminal lobes of leaves lanceolate 4
BR chat ey a eh Ae TARR Ste eat ROM Ge ee aO oE NG 1010. Seselopsis Schischk.
Vallecular canals 1—4, 2—10 canals at commissure, ribs filiform;
involucre always present; terminal lobes of leaves filiform or
GayOMUMiOreIaA oo 6 Od Ooo GIOG 6 0100 00 6 1009. Hymenolyma Korovy.
Fruit cordate-cylindrical, often geminate or only slightly elongate;
viallecular canals) 2—3 Or many Om a@bSemt ar sia sens tcneueememam mente 68.
Fruit oblong-oval or ovoid-cylindrical, vallecular canals nearly
SIDED (SH SUMS MSU abo dag ClO -GOuoholCeGeGio Od Dhowumored 6G 8 oo 6 4 6c 0 (65).
Plant subacaulescent, the leaves of the radical rosette subtending
simple long-peduncled umbels mixed with compound umbels .....
aikesicmebtet a ore ie; ones. Cathar amet cc Tame nner ot vate 1013. Chamaesciadium C.A. M.
ptenrsmwell developed sumibeliss aliway/SeCcoOmap Oui Gea -0 men aintn nnn 69.
IMIONWTEeS) VEINOW, =o oe d oO OOo oO Oo oh co 6 1016. Reutera Boiss.
Blowers! white: Ory pile 6 woe ce cn ch hsm 8 ot oh «: cap rpeet cries tunel iol cure nen neuen tS 70.
(Calbypx=weCula Ileieees oeIcSuSieine Goo 6 Bob Oo AO co le
(Cell yexq1SSilal WACO MS ONCUOWIS, Bosh Guo bos Sold ooo So Saco oo oo oS tae
Umbels on short stalks, opposite leaves; albumen surrounded by
COmaoeir wile OPCS Gabo 5b 604050656 1020. Berula C. Koch.
Umbels on more or less long stalks, not opposite leaves; vallecular
CAMENS A GieCUS OS ~ edgscocecgocoo caso adoo 1019. Sium L.
36
Ves
WD.
1@e
80.
81.
82.
Canals obliterated in ripe fruit; styles short; leaves commonly
ternate-compound, very rarely twice pinnate ...1018. Aegopodium L.
Vallecular canals in groups of 2-3 or many; styles long; leaves
simple or many times pinnate, rarely entire or simple-ternate ... 73.
Leaves entire, rounded or ternate or ternate-spatulate; fruit
glabrous, rugose; perennialS ......... 1017. Albovia Schischk.
Leaves commonly simple or twice pinnate, rarely radical leaves
aiinire, aia! tnein jolleiay eliaeiel So 6 6 oo bo OOOO a oe Oooo 74,
Albumen broadly concave at commissure; fruit obpyriform,
asymmetrical, mericarps separating with difficulty ..........
SoCo me BOO oO oS Laie irae Se ee ee Oa Ie Aniiscim: Gaertn.
Albumen flat at commisure; fruit ovoid or globular-ovoid, carpo-
PACT SWS/ PARMAR temeipe tents) ol alee fell l= eine be SP Chums Det 1014. Pimpinella L.
Fruit ovoid cylindrical or markedly inflated, cordate-germinate,
often wider than high, smooth or finely verrucose or scabrous-
pubescent; vallecular canals nearly always single; petals oval,
ACMLEWANGMehiLinTexorErObOvateranG MMOtCheelam. \eiee can latlomeimcb ct ellie!) otal oils 76.
Fruit oblong-ovoid or 2 cylindrical inward curved mericarps,
narrower than high, always smooth; canals solitary (Glin, (Ce ie Tw aa
sometimes 2—3); petals white or pink, with claws, obcordate, with
iianyeuecl CULAYEGC HO) coco ooo Oooo O PS eat meer ic Fears PRN Cots tae Bile
Petals yellowish-green, often with reddish stripes; mericarps with
5 prominent ribs; terminal lobes of leaves long-filiform ......
MAPS SH RL SII. aenemeE ne eal hele se S crue eed (HORNS TS 5 999. Petroselinum Hoffm.
IPerallis Wide ~-5'5 oo 06 Aire bGnet (ALER me cee Oars CA Oi ee Rn SE BE nha cue ete rate
Calyx-teeth larce, foliate, persistent). .2).). is. 2. 1001. Cicuta L.
Calyx-teeth absent or very tiny, inconspicuous ............. 78.
Fruit scabrous, at least verrucose-scabrous along ribs; petals with
deeply cordate incision, plicate, with inward curved tip ........
Bc) 3. ONE) DA ORC UCL ORE Gate DEO ACR OB OUG MOUS DEER Coar boty 1002. Trachyspermum Link.
Paauit Simo0thy ribs markedly protruding) | sh.) Gi .isi. ehete) ey sieges te - oe
Petals rounded, broadly notched, with broad inward curved lobe;
vallecular canals extend from apex to middle of fruit where they
LeIgiMiMakew iy Cla vatereschONSlOMs estate neues analeiiaNlcl mtclle Herne 1000. Sison L.
Petals oval, acute, entire, straight or with inrolled tip; vallecular
canals extend over entire fruit; umbels distinctly opposite leaves;
Gang pOpPhOremtwiCceS Tac wn AcS Mpyremes FeMeile! la) (ale yaytelitels cite Nelilcl oWiol'ellstt sil». 1 He 80.
Involucre of 1—7 leaflets, Han Gl Ces of 5—6 triangular- lanceolate,
S-ineryvecl Ieeualleusl 46 oo 6 do 4 6 ood o6 Go 998. Helosciadium Koch.
Involucre and involucel wanting ......2.2-s.s.s-e+24---s QO. Avorn, Ibi
Umbels without involucres, together forming paniculate corymb;
mericarps with solitary vascular bundles under 5 primary ribs and
2 broad ribs at commissure; leaves palmately 3—5-fid, with delicate,
broad ovate-lanceolate, dentate lobes ...... 1103. Cryptotaenia DC.
Flowers in regular compound umbels with or without involucre;
mericarps with only 5 vascular-fibrous bundles; leaves never
Silianjolle. => Baim] ge ole 6 coed io GioloLg 6 660 68o 6 ood GO oo om GG ailb 82.
Petals deeply bipartite, obliquely obovate, 1 petal bigger than the rest,
with median apical lobe sessile at depth of incision; leaflets of
MMVOMUCrsewoK ti Geo gomamMate wire -uehieileMlsm se) ee eych eeblon ol ta «lou 1004. Ammi L.
ay
D1
83.
84.
Petals faintly obcordate-notched or slightly 2-lobed, lobes equal;
petals at base of incision with transverse fold, from which emerges
the incurved tip, involucre absent or of 1—2 caducous leaflets .... 83.
InvoluccelanGsinvolncelsoinna lini pasate) =ualaten 1028. Schultzia Spreng.
If present, involucres and involucels entire or 3-lobed ......... 84,
Fruit narrowly oblong; primary ribs with large, tangentially
attenuate or flat bundles of sclerenchyma; calyx-teeth conspicuous;
leaves thrice pinnate, lobes of the last order serrate or dentate....
PRC Re Ch Osha cEatOpa to tb Osose ole! cer: Do cGy Ole 1005. Falcaria Berth.
Fruit oblong-ovoid; primary ribs filiform, with thin, stereomatic
bundles cylindrical or triangular in cross section; calyx-teeth
inconspicuous) Oriabsent;, lobes of the last order entices see ee 85.
Stylopodium large, cylindrical-conical, with undulant base; marginal
nos sllicladhy clilentecl 4 Gao 6 mc ob 5 oo 1008. Zeravschania Korov.
Stylopodium short-conical; marginal ribs not dilated ..........
SN GRALD YohG. Seem kon Gee Chieeno Re Ena ee che nO Fc 3} ale se sl sue. 2) LOOGIyCarcunamin
86.(51). Petals yellow or greenish-yellow or greenish; fruit ovoid-
88.
89.
910.
cylindrical, cylindrical in cross section or dorsally compressed ..
Petals) white, -eddish, straw-colored or sreenish-whitesiteaeee- lens 88.
Petals greenish-yellow or greenish, oblong-elliptic or obovate, with
thickened midrib protruding on both sides; involucel absent ......
Si Selec cake aah shich Gatto es EE MSAG) fe, Sa MEIER cei eek owe ew. . L050. Silaus Bern
Petals omen yellow, broadly ovate, with broad, nearly flat, broadly
obtuse inward curved tip; involucels and involucres absent; leaves
thinly dissected, lobes of the last order capilliform-filiform or
subulate; marginal ribs slightly more developed than the 3 dorsal
ribs; fruit cylindrical in cross section; plant pale green, at least
above (especially young inflorescences and fruit), with more or less
conspicuous bluish stripes; leaf sheaths usually 3—6cm long, the
upper possibly much shorter, with reduced nearly obsolete blades;
petals 0.75—-1 mm long, to 1-1.25mm wide; flowers 2mm across
it, a teeiodew sf Soren’: Sey, as Devine ore, calh. see ee eee. Coe eine at 1029. Foeniculum Mill.
Fruit shortly ovoid-cylindrical or obclavate, with broad obtuse
stylopodium (in Oenanthe, this is always glabrous); ribs wingless,
thick-filiform or broadly triangular, or lateral ribs slightly winglike,
thicker than the dorsal; mericarps dorsally triangular-round in
cross section or subround, not flattened; fruit smooth or pubescent
Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, not dorsally compressed, smooth; all ribs
Similar, narrowly winged, the marginal slightly broader; seeds
broad, often pentagonal-rounded; petals white, greenish-white or
CSCS Wwe. ob 6 Oe Oooo OOK oO Sooo oe ere es Se Sear) A 955
Seeds encircled by numerous canals; wall of fruit ine.
thickened, much wider than seeds; these irregularly cylindrical,
convex at commissure; sea-shore plant, with fleshy once-twice
pinnate leaves and entire linear-lanceolate 1-nerved lobes,......
o) Shenae Monee cata eho fd de Mel eveelta, at icnee lie. Giiicadd, 2 olO2t i @remutaraatiiaameen
Canals under valieculae single (in some species of Seseli 2-4) _.
aac HAD Lace ap et ieW isin saab oqcgtew oh on ng ccinucly ane 3 ae 9, ge MLS Ce ONCE. 98 0 tee a 9Ge)
Ribs filiform, equal or else the marginal ones slightly thickened;
petals obcordate, with inturned tip; fruit glabrous or pubescent ..
Sale ob 6 OOo oO 6 sooo noe ayfshae) SHBG Rebasel alist sok siiteare Nel ah eon a? oad eke oats 8
bbe
92.
95.
or
OMe
98.
All ribs wide, thickened and cortically inflated, the lateral barely
larger than the dorsal ..- 22 - eee ee eee ee ee eee ee eee 93),
Flowers subsessile; fruit not splitting ....... SRAM OL p07: OLOdONO EO
Sate oor km St SOS Rr 1025. Sphoenocarpus Korov.
Flowers on more or less long pedicels, rarely subsessile, but then
frUPcOAGilyes pith o ws seeker oreha Serle) oMePeiion Els “opel Aiateaiet veiw) 92.
Calyx-teeth long-subulate, deciduous; involucre multifoliate;
leaflets of involucel always free; fruit nearly always pubescent. .
Lees an a ee FR a ers: Baie OO bee MN Cercier 1023. Libanotis L.
Calyx-teeth short and thick, persistent; involucre often absent;
leaflets of involucels often fused proximally or to middle; fruit
glabrous or pubescent ......+-+--2-2- Shc oa ecm 1024. Seseli L.
Ribs thickened, usually bearing stiff scales or pubescent; sub-
aeamlescemt plait eh sictien cits CEE y. RSA is 1022. Stenocoelium Ldb.
Ribs on mericarps smooth, glabrous; plant with developed leafy
SHE ts SYED Eel LSS RM I SO URSIN Ges Ne aay TEs. CISTI CRIS 8 Gos sce 94.
Carpophore absent or adnate to fruit wall; fruit tapering above
seeds to beak bearing 5 large lanceolate teeth from split calyx,
tipped by bicornute stylopodium; ribs broad, obtuse; swamp and
Weare POleNane Gio oe bb uoNo wo Ba OG Soo a cOblOy DLO SOR OF Geach o 1026. Oenanthe L.
Carpophore developed, calyx-teeth inconspicuous; fruit ovoid-
cylindrical, keeled, triangular in cross section; annual herbs,
umbels without involucre, plants easily recognized by the one-sided,
oblong-linear, acuminate, extrorse, recurved leaflets of involucel
Sree ae aS Ste HES wh, CAs hee ee ah ee Wh UG dae OZ Tabet husa IL.
Vallecular canals single or 2—3, always distinct ............- 96.
Vallecular canals 3 or more, sometimes very small; bundles of
dorsal ribs in cross section round or ovate, never Striate;
maneinal wis United Lmsparwsy Lc) se eae Meets eee ee) si cfhoie) uel a) «he Ie.
Ribs not equal, in cross section marginal, twice as large as the
acutely winged dorsal ribs; marginal ribs of mericarps remote
from commissure (mericarps united only by narrow stria); fruit
at this time 10-winged; rib bundle striate in cross section; styles
much longer than stylopodium; ribs of stem sometimes acute
above, usually thinly winged Soak hen area cate wea HOS Zey Selmar I
Ribs nearly equal, with opposite marginal ribs fused along com-
missure, and mericarps largely fused; entire fruit 8-ribbed; ribs
OM StemMmlesis' acuteymMeveKnmw ia sedge is) cho telletle Wer oo'e, ce el celtediel =) ==) olor OT.
Winged ribs of fruit strongly undulant distally .......+..-+-..-
IDE ese eel e siicweeehinte a. 3 Ce omomoaic fd. auoll ond 1033. Hyalolaena Bge
Ribs of fruit not spreading SRR ties mene Re Se Be Lo Se
Ribs of fruit hollow, the fruit wall becoming easily detached from
seed; bundle of ribs striped in cross section; styles twice as long
as stylopodium; branching of leaf petiole of first order directed
perpendicularly or downwards; leaflets of involucel with narrow
distinct whitish margin, with obtuse papillae .....-.....-+.-2e-.
Giteucigtoate Loactect aera ka toa Pee eee ean ate O 36 aC enolophium: Koc.
Ribs filled; seed adnate to fruit wall; styles 3 times as long as
stylopodium or even longer; first order branches of leaf vetiole
less spreading; leaflets of involucel with margin smooth, bearing
etterpa pillar OirrCilaatem ia. Iotremctio ioltouetuelas oP outst te 1031. Cnidium Cuss.
39
54
99. Albumen with distinct furrow, ribs obtuse, nearly filiform, slightly
oo a petals with slightly recurved barely notched tip :
ALCO RY ae OMOE CO IOUCTACTEO NTI ORO Cr Gr Cp Cet a cule) les 1035. Pachypleurium Ldb.
ais ee flat or slightly impressed; ribs thinner, more markedly
protruding, more or less winged; petals usually distinctly
obcordate-notched, with infolded tip; lobes of the last order flat,
sometimes very narrow ---.-- Peer oy Ore, Oe 1034. Ligusticum L.
100(50). Marginal wings of mericarps ee nen outside margin gaping
(approximate only in Conioselinu m); fruit dorsally elliptic,
rounded or slightly cordate at base +++ ++++++e2e eee ees 101.
ate Marginal wings of both mericarps firmly appressed .....--- 1103
101. Albumin of seed flat (orthospermous) .+++-+.+-ee+eeee- « . Lom
ay Albumen of seed crescent-shaped or nearly horseshoe-shaped,
incurved or plano-incised (campylospermous) .......2+...-. 108.
102. Leaves twice-thrice pinnate, with long turbinate inflated sheaths;
mericarps broadly approximate; 3 dorsal ribs winged, as long as
ne the width of the marginal ribs; bundle in primary ribs absent
PR AEA SUE ot? MONCH Os EOE ICR RO ae gc ONL RES Boric 1037. Conioselinum Fisch.
ar Leaves ternate-dissected and many times pinnatipartite or
pinnatifid; commissure very narrow. Marginal wings gaping about
middle of fruit; 3 dorsal ribs much less protruding, not winged or
very slightly so (cf. Levisticum and Coelopleurum);
bundles in all ribs distinct, in dorsal ribs near middle, in the
marginal ones near baS€ +++ eee eee ee ee ee ee eee ee eens 103.
103. Calyx-teeth ovate, ‘/3 to '/, the length of the petals -...--+.--: 104,
as Calyx-teeth inconspicuouS -+-+++-eseeeeeeees 2, goatee) na 105.
104. Petals yellowish-greenish, umbel rays conspicuously unequal;
leaves not curved-geniculate ...--+.-. 1044. Xanthogalum Lallem.
ate Petals white, umbel rays nearly equal; leaves geniculate-curved
ISEMONY og oedeo 6 O00 oc Seach solr Saronaee Liemerseh ore 1038. Ostericum Hoffm.
HO S- Resinous canals numerous, encircling seed ...+..+-+++-+-2ee+e-s
ape Oils toetlanameneatie tens wpe s) sie leteyopewe «1040, Archangelveay ronines:
at 1—3 resinous canals in valleculae ......++..-2-e++2-22es 106.
106. Dorsal and marginal ribs differing very little in width ........
Re eh ats: watts, eel tan sie cee ele e cee er + (e LO41., Coeloplexmunidacdeas
aly Dorsal ribs filiform or narrowly winged, the marginal ones
Clie dimeretels Gicbées ok cots ee ney panes § Jetod erya® pitlatd: cayessieule enema 107.
OV fee Petals white or greenish-whitish ---.-+..-..- -- 1039. Angelica L.
+ Petals whitish-yellowish ..++.++++e-e-s-- 1045. Levisticum Hill.
108. Seeds adnate to pericarp -«++++++-+-eee-- 1046. Glehnia Schmidt.
+ Seeds crescent-shaped, readily separating ++++++-++--s ---- 109.
Oe Dorsal ribs acute or obtuSe ---++-.-++-+e-s 1042. Agasyllis Spreng.
+ Dorsal ribs narrowly winged -..++.ee- 1043. Chymsydia Alb.
IO: Marginal wings of both mericarps firmly appressed at least at outer
margin, forming thin or thickish ring (but not inflated-flattened at
outer margin); much more protruding than slightly protruding dorsal
ribs, their bundles single, if2, then only 1 very close to base of
WLM Giics yoertecs & seintws enlelse we Shere lece) ayes Sense staged mene 118
ar Margins of wings of mericarps indurate, thickened, firmly
appressed at outer margin. Marginal wings with single proximal
nerves (or nerve at base of cross section) thickening outwards;
40
55
56
120.
in central part of mericarp margins further enlarged, 3 dorsal
ribs not or only very slightly protruding ---++.-.++++..-e-ee-s 132.
Annual plants, mericarps boat-shaped 1051. Cymbocarpum DC.
Perennials or biennials; mericarps never boat-shaped ------ NB.
Carpophore obsolete; fruit not splitting, vittae not discernible;
acaulescent plant -+++++-+--. ---+-+ 1068. Symphyoloma C.A.M.
Carpophore free, vittae often well developed, above-ground stem
present se eee eee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee Lis,
Umbels simple, subsessile, inflorescence branched >++++++++=:>s
5 oO G86 OG OO DOO OO DO 60 Oo OOO 6 0 010 01010 O10 00 1059. Dorema Don.
UhenloGlls C@ianNOWNAG! Soon ooo ob oo bo oo ano OOS Sooo oo OO. 114.
Lateral bundles remote from the dorsal, albumen and endocarp
AGMAteRtO MN SOC ATM” Gis) cere /stien ey et eh ei lish er ten es hehe etsy vers 1067. Pastinaca L.
Bundles of all ribs equidistant; dorsal ribs filiform or obscure,
albumen and endocarp adnate to pericarp «+ -+++++eeeseeeese Wal 5},
Canals small, numerous, encircling albumen -++-++++-+++++-+e:s
00-6 0.0.0 6 6-000 010-0 00 0,010 00 oo 000 0000 1058. Ferulago Koch.
Canals in valleculae 1—3, at commissure 2—4 (in Ferula often
forming a ring, but then nearly obliterated and superficial) ...:- 116.
Flowers bisexual, allumbels equal, canals in valleculae --+-+--- Lilt.
Flowers polygamous, bisexual in terminal umbel, staminate in
lateral, canals often encircling seedS §:++++s+seese=- eee 127.
Fruit convex dorsally 640100100 0 0 Do O16 wile tahte. betel slike ell of fel ete) sete Waly
Fruit nearly flat dorsally ++ +++ estes este eee ee eee ees OE
Petals a bright egg-yellow, more or less rounded, with obtuse
Square incurved lobe; fruit narrowly winged; annualS -::::-; .
609000008 0065000005600 06 000 0100 5 b.o 0 6070 1064. aaa kee 1s
Petals white, margins of mericarps not winged -+:++++-++=+--. ial).
Ovary glabrous; leaves bi- or triternate, with rounded large
leaflets; involucel of 1-2mm long leaflets---- 1061. Laser Borkh.
Ovary densely covered with transverse processes, almost
obliterated at ripening; leaves bi- or tripinnate, with small
narrowly ovate lobeS -++++++-++=s=s 1050. Saposhnikovia Schischk.
All main ribs equally thickened, the marginal without wings or
bark-like thickening; canals 3—4 in valleculae, 6 at commissure
oO CO OO OD OOO OO OOO OOO ODO OOO bo OO oO 1047. Palimbia Bess.
Marginal ribs winged or with thick bark-like edges -+++-++-+:>s Ze
Canals in 2 series, outer — 1 canal in each of the valleculae, the
inner of numerous narrow canals; root thick cylindrical, involucre
andeinvolucelpmes emt is.) =) 'i'=n el) =) oi) -1 2) ne) 1066. Mogoltavia Korov.
Canalisisingliepnivallecullacs 2—6)at Commrssuige sane cious. bate 122.
Plant with superficial tuber, flowers always white, biennials
SW he cn Sh ch ab ss OMT OER o Relte ton ee cadet ol 6 eis ol OG de Ocdibasis kKs-Pol;
Perennials with more or less thickened root, flowers white or
CMO WARPELTS =. cu ck. cheb ch owes culou op ev se ches Sulsice ete ged Seek Lee ome 6: 1 Noh aeaeeIeN LAS.
WMlevesningll ieWos Walle, MeieirOur Oie eORGC! WHIMS 6 boc o 60 b 6 o Oc 124,
Marginal ribs with thickish, bark-like margins, not winged .... 125.
Root a short cylindrical tuber .... 1065. Korovinia Nevski et Vved.
FVOOMMEIE Gat Oe GTO erie seneiettet ) @ Moen enn) & Ne 1062. Peucedanum L.
4]
5)
+ Petals*yellow, canals, 2—=6'at 'commiissunew es siya seve - ie ere a! (5)-
126. Valleculae with 3 canals; albumen flat ... 1060. Opopanax C. Koch.
ats Valleculae with single large canal; albumen crescent-shaped ...
a Semen emo Se A Samed Sa SSS 2 ro LOS To lmmen vam ee
ZT e Mericarpstasyimimerricaly ss sah.) wees .netree ctr 1057. Komarovia Korov.
oF Mericarps symmetrical ..... A Seok Gobo Dodero Gn re >
128. In ripe fruit canals inconspicuous; lower leaves biternate ......
ia emtenete eee 6 ES oe wel RY ily ae LO0O4S Madyaoimarinasem
a Canals distinet, variously disposed Ba.ane i om GPs eee
129. Mericarps densely pubescent at commissure ....... Payee 130.
1 Mericarps glabrous at commissure sits PERL es ee cook Lam
130. Root with more or less developed tubers; fruit densely pubescent
Bo ot ROMO woo dee SS ae Me NOG Schumann ar hau ae
at Root not tuberous; fruit glabrous ....... 1055. Eriosynaphe DC.
Sales Umbelis*capitate) HloweRSeSe Sisileecnc citencnaptentem 1053. Soranthus Ldb.
= Hiowers*tiypically, pedicellate fin ., onan tens Biri Fo bs 1052. Ferula L.
132(110). Marginal ribs of mericarps thick, with inflated or rugose
thickenings; canals narrow, single in valleculae; annuals, rarely
DUCMMTAIS Tle. tel et. he rene medi ioe) ot atte Sou ae te An oe 6 Hc Se chet 133.
a Marginal ribs smooth, thin or equally thickened ........ . Ot Se
UBBo Allpumenstlatiogks lightly Concaye wir. mee lene nms 1176. Tordylium L.
st AMipuimen deeply ce encavieny War tae -tcleh a nen one 1075. Ormosciadium Boiss.
134, Peralse yelllowe) 2 arc. oh ebiet otieleh atte ea.g Sas 1071. Malabaila Hoffm.
aF Petals whiterranely violet—reddishy (reer. eee ke vel aeeen ot ieee mane 1355
1S). Commissure and valleculae without canals; petals reddish-violet;
plant spreading on ground; stem 10-20cm ...... TIO Bcy to toes
Bc areetatel 6 wheels) hel ie HP ceelie He + SOT4.+ PastinacgopsismGoloctke
+ Canals under valleculae present; petals white; stem more or
GSS) Inyo. CIRSCE one 6 5 6 feo SS MSs BABES temen Sas ere » oR SiGe
136. Canals not reaching base of fruit, usually arcuate, often slightly
TaTlaynecl Chis eo Gone SO GS en ok 6 vee. « 1069.4 Heracletma sas
a Canals reaching base of fruit, not inflated distally ......... 137.
Hite Petals hairy outside; canals very narrow, often 3 in valleculae
ETO) ecu eGR Oat diac tells eo eles eitelcetete 6) ssi MOM: {Stenotdenrawbencan
+ Petals: glabrous outside; canals single in valleculae ....... 138.
138. Marginal petals in Russian species barely enlarged; mericarps
with sharply defined inflated-thickened margin ......... ogo +
UConn ot ao ts oob oe oh oh oo aaa as see ee LOT2.. Zosimiartlosime
ae Marginal petals enlarged; mericarps without sharply defined
IVa OUNN Steen 6 eee e ve LOT PlatytacnianNeuskyser Vi vede
139(8). Secondary ribs bearing spines, primary dorsal ribs with bristles
i del eh laltctes-c) kal oie/o tare elt cile Wat lah eiah toh’ /a RaWaihon cual lean abasttelteteles 1079. Daucus L.
ts Secondary ribs winged; fruit without spines ........ ote) RO. OL Oe
140. Main? ribs narrowly winged. Ss 2). 20.) ay. 1077. Polylophium Boiss.
AP Main ribs filiform Bo fo or eo uch tc 0 10 06 1078. Laserpitium L.
Subfamily I. HYDROCOTYLOIDEAE* Drude in E.— P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8
(1898) 116.— Fruit markedly compressed laterally, with strongly keeled
* Treatment by E.G.Bobrov.
42
58
prominent midrib; mericarps 5—9-ribbed, lateral ribs often faint; endo-
carp lentiform, compressed, woody, acutely keeled, surrounding small
seed; calyx scars obscure; vittae and carpophore absent. Perennial
herbs, with decumbent rooting stems and entire or lobed leaves;
inflorescence subcapitate, usually on axillary peduncles.
Genus 939. HYDROCOTYLE* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 234; A. Roch. Monogr. (1820) 24, p.p.
Calyx-teeth absent, margin hardly discernible; petals white, entire;
fruit markedly compressed laterally; mericarps subcylindrical, with
prominent sharp keel-shaped dorsal rib, lateral ribs faintly developed,
marginal ribs at commissure; endocarp a hard flat cup containing flat
keeled seed. Perennial, sometimes biennial herbs, with creeping stems,
usually rooting at nodes; leaves with narrowly coriaceous Stipules,
rounded or reniform, crenate or faintly lobed; peduncles axillary or almost
opposite leaves; flowers few, short-pediceled, in capitate whorls or in
simple raceme, on filiform peduncles, small, bisexual; leaflets small,
deciduous.
Over 50 species mainly in the southern hemisphere — some including the
Russian H. vulgaris L. — and temperate zones of the northern
hemisphere.
ii perOr emus): le. vy Uo ares ler.
1. Leaves and peduncles borne on rooting nodes of stem; leaves peltate
or reniform-triangular, with open basal notch ----+--+--++-+-+-+-:- 2h
+ Leafy branches with peduncles borne at rooting nodes of stem; basal
notch of leaf imbricately closed -..-....-.-.-- 3. H.ramiflora Maxim.
2. Leaves rounded, peltate, simple or bicrenate to faintly lobed, petiole
AAS ASC! VO) “CS averse mars causes a A ee, ce eevee crema moray Ms 1._H. vulgaris L.
a Leaves reniform or triangular-cordate, with very excentric petiole,
narrow cordate base, deeply lobed, with median lobe cut to middle of
LSEUE RE Set o RNS EE oe ee ONS CeCe Cae gee et Meme meter OmIoUCS 2. H.ranunculoides L.
ieecevulearic 1. Sp. ppl. (1753) 284; Al Rich. Monogr. 25; db. El.
Bessel. Zot, Boiss. Mievor.s Uo20. shmial to. Hib 3635 sGrLosse., bal.
eee Pom Ue: eas Wich WionOgie. inele) tego til. wl Via. at. LOO >,
Hees 220. Hxs.: GAR. E. No. 26l8; Fl exs. reip. Boh. slov. No. 436.
Perennial or biennial. Stem thin, glabrous, creeping, 10—60(100) cm,
rooting, glabrous, bearing leaves and peduncles at nodes; petioles with
small rounded stipules, with spreading hairs above; blade rounded, 1.5-4cm
across, glabrous above, often hairy beneath, flat, crenate or bicrenate to
faintly lobed, peltately with petiole in center of leaf. Inflorescence solitary
or 2—3 on thin peduncle, half the length of the adjacent petiole or shorter;
flowers subsessile, few, crowded; bracts per flower, ovate, coriaceous;
petals ovate, flat, white, ca. 0.75mm long, longer than stamens; fruit with
* From the Greek hydor — water, kotyle — dish, umbilicus; referring to the habitat of H. vulgaris L.
and to the shape of its leaves.
43
59
60
ellipsoid flat side,ca. 2mm long, wider than long, with reddish verrucae;
styles slightly removed, becoming recurved, longer than stylopodium. July.
Moist places, marshes, sometimes in water.— European part: Balt.
(forests near Riga and Liepaja, W. Estonia), U. Dnp. (after old reports for
Minsk); Caucasus: W.Transc. (Poti, Batumi, Kobuleti, Skurcha), S. Transc.
(Echmiadzin — doubtful record), Tal. (Lenkoran). Gen. distr.: Atl. and
Centr. Rue., N. Med. Described from Europe. Type in London.
2. H. ranunculoides L. fil. Suppl. (1781) 177; Rich. Monogr. 55; Urban
invBer,. Deutsch. Bots Gesellischewily lion wren abet anaes es © Ieee Neuere
Neapol. I (1788) XX, tab. 6, B; A. Rich. Monogr. 54; Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 820;
Shmal's),Hl. 1383; Grossp.) Pl Kavk, ly Vis.— le.: “AyRiehs Meneremtye0r
Wicoain iia Miewet, Ct IiClall, JPL. Ireasttl, Xl, il, tals 76, I.
Perennial glabrous plant; leaf 0.8-—7cm wide, broadly reniform or
triangular-cordate, rarely subrounded, usually lobed with deeply cut
terminal lobe, rarely all lobes equal, shortish, base of leaves with deep and
open notch. Peduncles much shorter than petioles of adjacent leaves,
becoming curved; inflorescence capitate, 4-15-flowered; bracts often
fused, very thinly scarious; petals 1—1.3mm long, longer than filaments,
disk flat or slightly convex, pedicels in fruit 0.5—2.5, rarely to 5mm;
fruit 2-4mm wide, plano-convex. July.
Moist places, introduced.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Batumi, Chakva),
Tal. (Lenkoran). Gen. distr.: Ethiopia, Madagascar, on the American
continent from the U.S. to Argentina. Described from Mexico. Type in
London.
3. H.ramiflora Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. XXXI (1887) 46;
Grossg., Opredel. 213.
Perennial dull, glabrous plant; main stem decumbent, rooting at nodes,
nearly leafless, producing from axils of ascending annual shoots leafy and
flower-bearing branches, 10—15cm long; leaves peltate- rounded, 1—2(3) cm
wide, with notch usually imbricately covered; blade flat, very faintly 7-
lobed, the lobes obtusely tricrenate; stipules large, broadly ovate, brown
scarious. Peduncles exceeding adjacent leaves, apparently opposite;
umbels capitate, many-flowered 2-3m; fruit smooth. July.
Moist shady places.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Colchis). Gen. distr.:
Japan. Described from Hakodate. Type in Leningrad.
Note. This plant was certainly introduced. Recently it has started
to spread in the subtropical regions of the USSR.
Genus 940. CENTELLA* L.
L. Pl. rar. Afr. (1760) 28 et in Amoen. Acad. VI (1764) 112 emend. Urban in Mart. et Eichl. Fl. Brasil. XI,
1 (1879) 286; Drude in EP. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1897) 119, pp.; Domin in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 155
Calyx-teeth absent; petals entire; disk flat at anthesis, becoming conical;
styles at inner margin of disk filiform; fruit laterally compressed, nearly
* Diminutive form of the word centrum (kentron) — Spear, dart; referring to the small point on the
unripe fruit consisting of the styles.
61
flat, with narrow commissure, bordered by main dorsal ribs, the median
and lateral ribs arcuate, protruding, all ribs anastomosing; seeds
compressed laterally. Decumbent perennial herbs rooting at nodes; leaves
entire, crenate or nearly lobed; petioles dilated to scarious sheath, with
2 basal scales; inflorescence compound-umbelliform, subcapitate, few-
flowered; leaflets of involucre 2—4; flowers often unisexual, terminal
umbel fertile, 2 lateral umbels sterile.
About 20 species, most in South Africa and Madagascar; three are
common to SE Asia, one is widespread in the USSR, where it has been
introduced.
ype Omspeciase 1G. wivelosiamde.
1. C.asiatica (L.) Urban in Mart. et Eichl. Fl. Brasil. XI, 1 (1879)
26; Domin in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLII, 1586; Grossg., Opredel. 213.—
Hydrocotyle asiatica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 234; A. Rich. Monogr. 40.-—
eee uC eamia eet he rel rasta XU, a tab. uke. cl.
Perennial; stem creeping, juvenile stem pubescent, rooting at nodes,
branching; leaves in bundles, rounded-reniform, 2—5cm long, 7—9-nerved,
regularly crenate, with deep, more or less open basal notch; petioles 3 to
5 times as long as blade, pubescent especially in upper part, nerves at base
with 2 ovate scarious, wilting scales, blade with pubescent nerves.
Peduncles 2—4 in each bundle of leaves, half the length of the petioles or
more, terminating in small head of 3—4 flowers; leaflets of involucre
lanceolate, 3-4; flowers subsessile, pink; petals ca. 1.5 mm long;
stamens half the length of the petals; fruit brown, ca. 3mm long, 3-4mm
thick, 1 mm wide, ribbed, with anastomosing lateral ribs. July.
Moist localities, introduced. — Caucasus: W.Transc. (between Batumi
and Salibauri). Gen. distr.: W.Iran, SE Asia — from Ceylon to Japan —
Indonesia, Oceania. Described from India. Type in London.
Note. In E. Asia (Indonesia, China) this plant is used as a tonic and
in the treatment of skin diseases. Its uses in the treatment of leprosy
attracted the attention of researchers who recognized crystals of
asiaticoside with the general formula C54HggOb3 (Nature, 1949, No. 4137).
Subfamily Il. SANICULOIDEAE* Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898)
135; Wolff in Pflazr. Heft 61,1.— Endocarp parenchymatous with
accumulations of crystals of calcium oxalate; fruit covered with scales,
bristles or spines; styles 2; stylopodium annular-flat or infundibular;
carpophore absent, intracostal or intercostal canals large; mericarps with
1 ovule. Flowers in heads or simple umbels.
Tribe 1. SANICULEAE Drude in E.—P Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 135;
Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 47.— Inflorescence of bisexual, sessile flowers
or heads with bisexual and pistillate flowers on short pedicels with
peripheral sessile pedunculate staminate heads disposed in simple umbels;
calyx-teeth distinct; petals constricted with recurved lobe; stigma
capitate.
* Treatment by E.G.Bobrov.
45
62
Genus 941. SANICULA * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1758) 235; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 48
Flowers in simple umbels, peripheral, staminate flowers pediceled,
pistillate flowers sessile; calyx-teeth distinct; petals with recurved lobe;
stylopodium flat; styles filiform, short or much longer than calyx-teeth;
fruit oblong, covered with hamate spines; carpophore absent; mericarps
smooth or granular, ventrally narrow; intercostal canals 5, large.
Perennial and biennial herbs, with palmatipartite leaves with cut lobes,
scariously dentate, the teeth terminating in bristles.
About 50 species from nearly all over the world, the Arctic and
Australia excepted. The three Soviet species are associated with the
herbaceous cover of broadleaved forests.
1. Flowers dark red; leaflets of involucre foliate, lanceolate or linear,
to 3cm long, 4 mm wide -----+-+---+--. 1. S.rubriflora Fr. Schmidt.
AF Flowers greenish; leaflets of involucre small, often obsolete, 1-3mm
long See etree eet ak ae ee Ra eee Oe CE ch eM CUR ACEC enema bdio fie CoO OO 8 Di
2. Styles shorter than calyx-teeth; blades of radical leaves broadly
rounded, the lobes broadly lanceolate; Far East. ...3. S.chinensis Bge.
ats Styles much longer than calyx-teeth; blades of radical leaves cordate
or pentagonal-rounded, with cuneate lobes .------- 2. S.europaea L.
Section 1. ERYTHROSANA Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 536; Wolff in
Pflzr. Heft 61,60.— Leaflets of involucre large, foliate; petals dark red;
distal part of fruit covered with hamate spines.
1. S.rubriflora Fr. Schmidt in Maxim. Prim. fl. amur. (1859) 123;
Kom, Via elizin. Dis lear Tica: crane elt si.) OpiceG mmmigel sie
Dal'nevost. kr. II (1932) 796, table 242.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2637.—
Perennial with thick rhizome producing erect stem, often 2 stems
40-—60cm to 1m high; radical leaves 2—8, on long thin petioles several
times longer than blade; blade nearly tripartite; median lobe obovate-
cuneate, 6-10cm long, 4—8 cm wide, lateral lobes wider asymmetrical, cleft
nearly to middle, all lobes with 3 more or less distinct lobules, bristly-
crenate-serrate; cauline leaves sessile, nearly as long as the radical.
Branches of inflorescence to 10cm; leaflets of involucre foliate, lanceolate
or linear, to 3cm long, 4mm wide; staminate flowers 10—15 on faceted,
to 4mm long pedicels; calyx-teeth lanceolate, ca. 1mm long; petals dark
red, broadly cordate, clawed, ca. 2.5mm long; pislillate flowers ca. 1.5mm
long with acuminate calyx-teeth; styles recurved, 2 to 3 times as long as
the petals; fruit subsessile, ovoid 5-6 mm long together with calyx-teeth;
mericarps dorsally markedly convex, with recurved hamate spines,
ventrally granular, canals very large. Fl. May, Fr. July.
Banks of forest streams, floodplain forests.— Far East: Uss. Gen.
distr.: Manchuria, Korea. Described from the lower Amur near London.
Type in Leningrad.
* From the Latin sanare — to treat,cure; medieval name referring to its use in healing wounds.
46
2—Actinolema eryngioides Fenzl., habit.involucre;
PLATE Ill. 1— Astrantia trifida Hoffm.;
3—Actinolema macrolema Boiss., involucre.
47
65
66
Section 2. EUSANICULA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 61.— Leaflets
of involucre small, often obsolete; petals pale green; fruit with hamate
spines from base.
2.) S.curopaea l.. Spaiple (1752) 2355" lidbs WIS Ross. I, 235) Borsse
Fl. or II, 832; Shmal'g., Fl.I, 385; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2034; Grossg.,
Pl. Kavik. Il, 119: Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross. ed.7,539.— Si trilobata
Gilib. Exerc. phytol. (1795) 198.- S. uralensis Kleop. nom. in herb.
and in Mat. po istorii fl. i rast.I (1941) 191,197,198.— S.caspica Gmel.
invherb.— lev: Hegi, Ul. FIV, 2; Tatio ijae.— Exs.4 (G. Ro er Neeeocer
Fl.) cauc.’ exs. ‘No. 96; “Fl. pol. exs."Noow42;) Dortl. Herb. norm. Now4so02:
Hayek, Hl. styr. No. 549°
Perennial; stems 40—80 (120) cm, erect, usually simple, solitary, rarely
2—3; radical leaves long-petioled, their blades cordate-rounded, 4-6cm
long, 6-10cm wide, 3—5-partite, the median lobe larger, free nearly to base,
the lateral united for one-third, broadly cuneate-obovate; lobes acuminate,
more or less deeply 3-partite, unequally crenate-dentate, the teeth
terminating in bristles, cauline leaves not as deeply cut, the terminal
sessile. Inflorescence terminal, 3—4-furcate, the flowers terminating the
rays of globular umbels; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear,shorter than
umbels; staminate flowers short-pediceled; calyx-teeth subulate, free,
lmm long; petals ovate, with subtriangular, dentate, recurved lobe ca.
1.5mm long; pistillate flowers 1 or few, styles spirally rolled, recurved,
much longer than calyx-teeth; fruit ovoid-globular, 4-5 mm long, with
hamate spines, dilated at base; mericarps ventrally flat, markedly convex;
canals numerous, small. Fl. May—July, Fr. July—September.
Shady broadleaved, rarely mixed and coniferous forests mixed with
broadleaved species, in Altai in black and mixed light forests. — European
part: Balt., Lad.-Ilm. (extreme west), U. V. (SW), V.-Kama (Malmyzh
south of Kirov Region, Bashkir ASSR, near Potashnya in Molotov [now Perm]
Region), U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V. Don (in Gorki vicinity and north of Tambov
Region), U. Dns., Bes., Crim.; Caucasus: in all regions, S. Transc.
excepted; W.Siberia: Alt. (Kuznetsk Ala-Tau, Teletskoe Lake, Anos,
Kebezen', upper reaches of Karasuk River). Described from mountain
forests in W. Europe. Type in London.
Note. The European mercury has long been known to growinthe __
black forests of Altai, which points to the relict nature of this area. In an
attempt to distinguish the plants from the Urals (V.-Kama) and Altai plants
proper from the European plants, Yu. D. Kleopov (Mat. po istorii fl. i. rast.
SSSR, I, 1941) found them to differ from S. europaea L. in 1) the more
narrowly cuneate lobes of the radical leaves; 2) the shorter styles and
3) the paler plant. In the lime woods of Kuznetsk Ala-Tau, there grows
S. europaea Kleopov observed that S.uralensis "is easily
distinguished from afar by the pale green of its leaves."
However, the characters mentioned by Kleopov are so poorly expressed
and the available material is so inadequate that we cannot accept
S.uralensis, the more so as it grows together with S. europaea in
Kuznetsk Ala-Tau. S.uralensis Kleop. is probably an ecological form
of the European mercury.
48
3. S.chinensis Bge. in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. II (1835) 106. —
S.elata Franch. et Sav. Enum. pl. Jap. (1875) 178, p.p. non Hamilt.;
Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. II], 130; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kr. II, 796; Sugawara, Ill. Fl. Saghal. III, 1373.
Biennial? Plant apparently monocarpous; stem 50—100cm, erect,
simple below, with long remote branches above middle, furcate above, the
branches terminating with umbels; radical leaves on 20—35cm long
flattened, amplexicaul petioles, their blades subrounded, 3—5-partite, the
median lobe nearly free, obovate, trifid; lateral lobes ca. 5cm long, the
proximal ones resembling the median, the distal ones lanceolate, multifid;
all lobes bidentate or incised-dentate, with acuminate, setaceous denticles;
upper leaves smaller, with lanceolate lobes. Leaflets of involucre 5-7,
unequal, lanceolate, incised, not exceeding median umbel in dichasium,
longer in the lateral; staminate flowers 1—2 in umbel, short- pediceled;
petals ca. 1mm long; pistillate flowers 3—4, sessile, their petals slightly
larger, greenish; styles erect, shorter than calyx-teeth; mericarps 4mm
long, intercostal canals 5. Fl.July, Fr. August.
Riparian woodlands, banks of forest streams.— Far East: Uss., Sakh.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Panshan Mountain in N. China.
Type in Paris.
Genus 942. ASTRANTIA* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 235; Woron. in Tr. Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. 6 (1905) 67; Grintz. Monogr. in Ann. Conserv.
Jard. Bot. Geneve 13,14 ann. (1910) 66-190; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 80
Flowers numerous, polygamous; calyx-teeth subulate, persistent, longer
than petals, petals keeled, lanceolate, recurved; filaments long, exserted;
stylopodium in pistillate flowers flattened, infundibular, in staminate
flowers absent; styles thin,long, with capitate stigma; fruit oblong-
cylindrical, slightly compressed dorsally, carpophore not developed, meri-
carps suborbicular, ventrally flat, main ribs covered with large vesicular
inflated scales, intercostal canals simple, large; endosperm flat inside,
convex dorsally. Weakly branching perennial, erect herbs, with slightly
leafy stems, leaves more or less deeply 3—5—7-sect or lobed, dentate, the
teeth produced to bristles; umbels few, simple; leaflets of involucre large,
often colored.
About 10 species in Central and Southern Europe, the Caucasus and Asia
Minor. The Russian species belong to one section.
Section 1. MACRASTER Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 128; Grintz.
Monogr. 65; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 81.— Leaflets of involucre stiff, with
3—5 anastomosing nerves; calyx-teeth lanceolate, subulate; fruit oblong,
4—6 mm long.
1. Leaflets of involucre 8—13, broadly ovate-elliptic, ciliate-dentate in
upper half; lobes of lower leaves 3-4 ....... 1, A.maxima Pall.
ar Leaflets of involucre 14—20, ovate-elliptic, entire or with 3—4 bilateral
OC MSO VCMA TE cece ores eae AER aE Or ectce Rr are ciel terra ale) ev alee errs one 2.
* From the Greek aster,astron — star, anti, antos — similar.
49
2. Plant 15—-30cm high; umbels 1.5—2cm across; leaflets of involucre
not exceeding flowers or fruit (from limestones in Abkhazia) -+-+ee.
SU a se RRS fan tele. Wade? cjwothlomteh SUNOL Ie) cau LePRciron 5) foWinwe: obo oi Metin 5. A. colchica Alb.
oF Plant 30—70cm high, umbels larger; leaflets of involucre exceeding
LOWER SCANG Le Uith ome hese” SOMOS MM, Lads ioe lll ee ot kouen lento! oC mCa ea mretS 3a
3. Blades of lower leaves tripartite, lateral lobes emarginate (plant of
WiiGauGastis) ee e/a ee cir ete Boy SBME plore te aera Be 2. A.pontica Alb.
+) “Blades oflower leaves! (3) 5=Weotid. Otis: ie) Sas Sata anemone ne eee 4,
4, Umbels 3.5—4.5 cm across; blades of lower leaves 3—5—‘7-fid, lobes
large (western regions of European part of USSR) ©... . 30 Aeemayernian
ate Umbels 2.5—3cm across; blades of lower leaves 5-, rarely 3-fid,
lateral lobes cut (plant of N. Caucasus and E. Transcaucasia) °\..%)e
TE SE OE LR RE U CO Pe eimai Ly oes 4, A.trifida Hoffm.
1. A.maxima Pall. in Nova Acta Petrop. VII (1793) 357, tab. XI; Grintz.
Monogr. 65; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,82; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 119.—
A.helleborifolia Salisb. Prodr. hort. Chap. Allert. (1796) 159; Ldb.
Fl. Ross. ll, 236; "Boiss. “Fl. ‘orw i, 8313" Shimal os) Pls Wisea ye Vornone am sie
Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI,67.— A. heterophylla Willd. in Neue Schr.
berl. Gesellsch.III (1801) 419; M.B.Fl. taur. cauc.I, 202, III, 195. —
A.caucasica B. heterophylla Spreng. in Schult. Syst. Veget. VI
(1820) 342.— A. caucasica Spreng. Syst. Veget.I (1825) 874, p.p.—
A Speeciosa hort.— Ic.: Pall. lieitab. XI; Bots) Mag. tab.) lass siGrianzs
Monogis t. 2a; 1, 9a, ila. — xs.) Gabor 2 No. 605, ther. ileeaner No. 67.
Perennial; stem 40—70cm, simple, sometimes with 1—2 small branches
above, usually with 1 fully developed umbel; lower cauline leaves on
petioles 3—4 times as long as the tripartite blades, blade with median lobe
narrower than lateral, sometimes sublanceolate, 3—5cm long, 1.5-2.5cm
wide, the lateral asymmetrical, slightly larger, bristly-dentate, with 3
prominent nerves beneath; rarely lower leaves quadripartite; median
and upper cauline leaves sessile or amplexicaul, tripartite or 3-lobed,
terminal leaves 2—3, ovate or lanceolate, 2—3-lobed or parted. Umbels
2—4.5cm across; leaflets of involucre 8—13, thinly coriaceous, lanceolate
or broadly lanceolate, greenish outside, reddish inside, acuminate, with
5—15 bilateral teeth tapering to 1mm long bristles, later subglabrous,
leaflets to 2.5 cm long, 1cm wide, nearly twice as long as flowers; flowers
many, pedicels ca. 1 cm, lobes of calyx narrowly lanceolate, stiff, ca. 3mm
long with subulate tip; petals narrowly cuneate, 1.5mm long; styles in
pistillate flowers hardly divergent, half the length of the sepals; fruit ca.
10mm long, mericarps rounded in cross section, canals very large. July—
August.
Meadows in upper part of timberline, alpine and subalpine belts. —
Caucasus: everywhere except for Tal. Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia.
Described from Ossetia. Type in London.
2. A.pontica Alb. Prodr. Fl. Colch. (1895) 99; Voron. in Tr. Bot.
Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI, 68; Grintz. Monogr. 74; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,
838 Grosse... Fl. Kavk 11) '20. > tel.) Grimtze Mono pic: oh 2c ser
Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, simple, with 1—2 distal branches only,
terminated by 3—4 umbels, the most highly developed on main stem;
50
petioles of lower cauline leaves 5—20cm; blades with deeply cordate base,
tripartite, median lobe obovate, 2-5cm long, 1.5—3cm wide, lateral lobes
markedly asymmetrical, deeply cut, thus blade sometimes apparently 5-fid,
2—5cm long, 1.5—-5cm wide, margin irregularly cut, bristly-dentate;
cauline leaves short-petioled, trifid, the terminal sessile. Terminal and
most developed umbel 2—3cm across; leaflets of involucre 12—16, longer
than flowers, lanceolate, tapering below, becoming acuminate, entire, pale
green, rarely slightly reddish, 12-15cm long, 2-4mm wide; flowers many,
peripheral, often staminate; calyx-teeth subulate, stiff, to 3mm long;
fruit 5-6 mm long, cylindrical, tapering at base; mericarps pentahedral or
suborbicular, canals medium. Fl. June—July, Fr. July— August.
Subalpine meadows and grass plots, upper part of timberline. — Caucasus:
Cisc. (W.), W. Transc. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Cotype in
London.
Bree Ae iaajOr SPs pl. (U7S3)) 2385 cestice: slidbe HleeRoss. Laas.
Shama Bl Weton Tlie IS Soe eisyaeMien IGbllera- Jeehills Istofsils joollisaie, SiOoe=) 2.4 iaeliery| (oie
ssp. eu-major Grintz. Monogr. (1910) 88.— A. major var. eu-major
Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 87.— Ic.: Grintz. l.c.f.3a,5,12; Hegi, III.
Miers, LOLA — hss: hi Gpolonexse | No. 63059 VEINsity.. ess)
No. 366; Fl. exs. reip. Boh.-Slov. No. 437.
Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, solitary simple or with 1—2 small
branches, 2—5-partite above; lower leaves long-petioled, the blades 3—5—7-
fid; lobes usually large, lanceolate, strongly 2-fid-dentate or cut, the teeth
tapering to bristles; cauline leaves decreasing in size, sessile. Umbels
3.5-4.5cm across; leaflets of involucre numerous (14-18), longer than
flowers and fruit, narrowly lanceolate, cuneate beneath, fused at base,
acuminate above, greenish or slightly reddish, entire or with 2—3 lateral
spines, 3—5-nerved, more distinct beneath, 1.5-2cm long; flowers many,
on thin glandular pedicels, staminate flowers often peripheral; calyx-teeth
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or subulate, 1.5-3mm long; petals
obcordate-cuneate, shorter than or nearly as long as calyx-teeth; filaments
long, exserted; fruit with sepals ca. 5mm long, oblong-cylindrical. July—
August.
Grass plots in forests and edges of broadleaved forests. — European part:
Lad.-m. (Pushkin, introduced into parks), U.Dnp. (SW), M.Dnp. (extreme
west), Bes. (N.), U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from
Switzerland. Type in London.
4, A.trifida Hoffm. Gen. pl. umb. ed. 1 (1814) VIII; Grintz. Monogr.
Oa Velteim) Pilz! Heft 6191685" Grosse., Fl: Kavk. Ml, 120)—) Ay mia jor
var. tridentata Stev. in Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 47.—
Pee Oo Vio. Hl taur.-cauc. IT (1819) 193,non L.— A. calcasica
Spreng. Spec. umbell. (1818) 17 et in Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 342,
excl. var.— A.intermedia M.B.FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 194; Ldb.
Fl. Ross. Ill, 236.— A. intermedia var. B. DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 87,
excl pl ineapol: — A. miayor var. 1mtermedaa (M.B.) Boiss. Fl.
or. II (1872) 830, quoad pl. cauc.— A. biebersteinii Trautv. in Ind.
sem. Hort. Petrop. Il (1835) 28; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 236; Boiss. Fl. or. II,
Bao Grosse. Hit havik. il, 120)— Aina jo rivar. bvelbemisihein is
Schmalh. Fl.1 (1895) 385; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,86.— A. major ssp.
biebersteinii Grintz. Monogr. (1910) 85.— A. tridentata Parrot,
3)
(at
Reise Krym.-Kauk. II (1815) 130,nom.— A.orientalis Woron. v. Tr.
Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI (1905) 68.— A. orientalis var. bieber-
stieinii,Woron. lac.— A. orientalis) var. amtemmrediay Woronemiaema
A.ossica Woron. l.c.— Ic.: Grintz. Monogr. f. 3b, 9c, 11d (f. 2b, 9b incl.).
Exs.: (sub A. biebersteinii) G.R.F. No.264; Herb. Fl. Cauc.
No. 86.
Perennial; stems 30—50cm high, simple, with only branches in upper
part, terminated by small umbels; petioles of lower leaves 3—5 times as
long as the blade, blade 5-, rarely 3-partite, the lateral lobes cut, 2-3cm
long, 1.5—2 cm wide, emarginate-dentate, with teeth terminated by bristles.
Terminal umbel larger, 2.5-3cm across; leaflets of involucre 14-18,
hardly exceeding flowers or fruit, 1.2-1.5cm long, 3-4 mm wide, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes with 1—2 terminal teeth, scarious, slightly
reddish, scabrous; calyx-teeth subulate, hardly longer than petals, 1.5—
1.8mm long; fruit oblong,5—-7mm long. Fl. July, Fr. August. (Plate III,
Figure 1.)
Meadows, alpine and subalpine belts, descending to forest belt. —
Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc. Endemic. Described from specimens
deriving from the high mountains of Georgia. Type lost.
Note. The complex synonymy is due to the faulty original description
and the loss of the type specimens, presumably in the Moscow fire of 1812.
Yet, all the names listed surely refer to a single species. Thus we agree
with Yu. N. Voronov in considering Trautvetter's and Hoffman's descriptions
to refer to one and the same species.
We have followed the rules of nomenclature in choosing the name of
this species, although it is an unfortunate choice and has become the source
of future errors. The later names of Bieberstein and Voronov are not
legitimate.
on eae colchicavAlbs Prodi ls collecht (1895) 100; Voronk inti Bor
Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI,67; Grintz. Monogr. 77; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,
G47 nGrosse. Hl. Kavkoilh 1205] TexsGrintz. Monogr. f2dsode isaac
Jel, @iep So INO. UGS}.
Perennial; stems 15—30cm high, simple, usually with only 2 small
distal branches terminated by umbels much smaller than the terminal;
petioles of lower cauline leaves 3—10cm, blades quinquepartite (more
accurately — with deeply cut median lobe and 2 lateral lobes barely cut
to one half [sic]), lobes ovate, 1—-2.5cm long, 0.7-1.cm wide, the lateral
slightly asymmetrical, rather strongly bristly-dentate; cauline leaves l,
rarely 2,on much shorter proximally sheathing petioles, with smaller
lobes. Umbel terminal, 1.5—2cm wide; leaflets of involucre lanceolate,
acuminate entire, sometimes with 1 or 2 teeth tipped by bristles, 6-10cm
long, 2-3mm wide, pale green, sometimes slightly reddish, not exceeding
flowers; staminate flowers often peripheral; calyx-teeth subulate, stiff,
ca. 2mm long, longer than petals; fruit 3-4mm long, 1.5-2mm across;
canals narrow. Fl. August, Fr. September.
Limestones in alpine belt.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Mingrelia).
Endemic. Described from Mirgrelia. Cotype in Leningrad.
Note. Presumably merely an echotype of A.trifida Hoffm. typical
for high mountain limestones.
52
72
Genus 943. ACTINOLEMA* FENZL.
Fenzl, Pugill. pl. nov. Syr. et Taur. occ. (1842) 16; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,92
Flowers polygamous, the central bisexual, subsessile, the peripheral
staminate, on long pedicels; calyx-teeth 5, sepals pentagonal, distally
dilated, emarginate, produced to 3 mucros; petals cuneate, curved inwards
with distinct dorsal nerve; stylopodium of bisexual flower flattened, with
short styles; fruit ovoid-oblong, subsessile, slightly compressed dorsally,
mericarps free, barely extending beyond calyx, subglobose, 5-ribbed,
dorsally pectinate-dentate, bilaterally tuberculate; intercostal canals
large, solitary. Low annual herbs, furcately branched above, with simple,
few-flowered umbels, leaflets of involucre large, foliate, semitransparent,
leaves entire.
Two species, in Asia Minor, Syria and Kurdistan.
PeeecaWlieTtsrormuyOlicre to) Oman longe yMeuilt Cals onary KOMP Asm tee tol
Meena etre PnIce sem Pan EELS lamatee: Ahem es Ueetan olan ar akira: Ua eyeiah aes 1. A.eryngioides Fenzl.
a eaters on involuctestor2 Oiimlmlone aiiauiiiCas o Ohmmalonomee sia.) -
AP iota Or wr Op Cec Opec gd eM MN stn Aer Ato arm CE oe eee 2. A.macrolema Boiss.
1. A.eryngioides Fenzl. Pugill, pl. nov. Syr. et Taur. occ. (1842) 16;
Boiss. Fl. or. II, 831; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,93.— Ic.: Fenzl. III. Taur.
(1843) 67, tab. 12.— Exs.: Kotschy, Pl. alepp. kurd. moss. No. 210.
Annual; stems 15—25cm high, pale green, glabrous, ribbed above,
spreading-branching from base, branches occasionally leafy, distally
furcate; radical leaves with long amplexicaul petioles, their blades obovate,
tapering below, denticulate, 2—-3cm long, 1—1.5cm wide, scabrous beneath
along nerves; cauline leaves smaller, on shorter petioles, the terminal
sessile, spinous-dentate. Leaflets of involucre 5—6, oblong, tapering below,
dentate 3—5-nerved, nearly netted below, ca. 1cm long, 4-5 mm wide,
exceeding umbel; flowers greenish, the staminate 4-5; calyx-teeth sub-
pentagonal, cuneate, ca. 2mm long; petals obtriangular, ca. 1mm long,
pistillate flowers slightly larger than the staminate; styles as long as
petals; fruiting pedicels ca. 1mm. Fl. April, Fr. May-June. (Plate III,
Figure 2.)
Clayey-stony parts of deserts.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Nakhichevan
District, Araks Gorge, between Negram and Darasham stations). Gen.
distr.: E. Med. (Syria, Iraq), As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from near
Aleppo. Cotype in Leningrad.
2. A.macrolema Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 831; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,
Ws GEOossony blnwiWay allel Of" Manmiam sha iiaelice mia tle bot insite n (1934)
UDSis—= eee, Wereneveadislaly, woneley ies 5 De Oa 12, = lag — lapdsios Sahin. Mrs Cle,
1890, No. 2547.
Annual, 13-35cm high; stems smooth, branching nearly from base,
ribbed; radical leaves with winged amplexicaul petiole, blades 4-6cm long,
2—4cm wide, dentate with 5 anastomosing nerves; lowermost leaves small,
broadly lanceolate, dentate. Umbels terminating axis of branching stem,
encircled by 3 fused trilobate, acutely bristly-dentate, terminal leaves;
* From the Greek actis — ray, radius and eilema — involucre.
53
73
74
leaflets of involucre encircling simple umbels, 5—8, much longer than
flowers and fruit, obovate, attenuate at base, obtuse, acutely spinous-dentate,
with abruptly prominent nerves produced to spines, leaflets 1.5-—2.5cm
long, 1-1.5cm wide, in herbarium thin, semitransparent; single sessile
bisexual flower surrounded by 5—8 staminate flowers on pedicels to 10mm,
calyx-teeth pentagonal, broadening distally, with notches and 3 mucros at
apex; styles barely shorter than petals; ripe fruit sessile. April—June.
(Plate III, Figure 3.)
Pebbly-clayey parts of semideserts and as weed of crops.— Caucasus:
S. Transc. (Erevan vicinity). Gen. distr.: As. Min. Described from
Pisidia. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
Genus 944. ERYNGIUM * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 232; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 106
Flowers bisexual in capitate inflorescences, surrounded by leaflets of
involucre, each sessile in axil of lanceolate bract; calyx-teeth persistent,
lanceolate, terminated by spine; petals emarginate, with recurved tip;
fruit obovoid, back and sides with white cartilaginous scales, mericarps
ventrally flat, glabrous; vittae distinct outside, carpophore absent.
Perennial monocarpic or not monocarpic herbs, the base of the stem
surrounded with leaves of former years; leaves chartaceous or coriaceous,
entire or dissected, to twice pinnatisect, rounded, ovate, triangular or
lanceolate, very rarely linear, usually spinous-dentate, the radical and lower
cauline leaves petioled, the upper sessile.
More than 250 species in the warm and temperate zones of both hemi-
spheres, with the exception of East Asia and South America. The Russian
species belong to the Mediterranean, which in a broad sense is the
geographical center of this genus, with about 60 species.
Note. Our review is based on H. Wolff's monograph, a reliable work
for its time, though it suffers from an inadequate elucidation of the genetic
relationship of the species. The generic taxonomy is provisional.
The species of the Old World, in this sense the broad Mediterranean,
represent 12, often monotypic sections. This reflects the real relation-
ships, since many species appear to be only relicts of extinct groups.
Wolff's sections really approach species series. Nevertheless, his
sections are retained, though new ones have been added.
Adding to the remarkable morphological diversity of the Russian
Eryngium was Yu. N.Voronov's description of E.wanaturi Woron.
in 1918, based on the collections of B.K. Shishkin from Armenia; in habit
this species resembles the Mexican and Brazilian species, as well as the
Kara-Tau endemic, described by M. M. Il'in.
1. Radical leaves entire, linear, 10—30cm long, to 1cm wide; cauline
I@ENES) lemeeOlave-inesir o5o60cao ooo ooo oS 14. E.wanaturi Woron.
ar Leaves rounded, ovate, triangular or lanceolate, in the latter case not
lesis; thant onto, 6 ctimesnasawidel as plOng whe coats. stoeeestle. Sly Ieee 2s
* Eryggion — name of the plant in Dioscorides and Nicander.
54
75
10.
Jee
Leaflets of involucre wide, rhombic or ovate ..........2.se2.. 3 5
Leaflets of involucre narrow, linear or lanceolate-linear, subulate ..
Leaflets of involucre oblong-ovate, spinose, cut-serrate, slightly
smaller than terminal leaves; heads oblong-ovate, 3—5(6) cm long,
Ome Cia Walden ita Shia TTS acne Ws Meweier telecon telat lelet tanec 1. E.giganteum M.B.
Leaflets of involucre rhombic, trifid, with broadly triangular teeth,
spinose; heads subglobular, 1-2cm becoming to 3cm long; maritime
SIAICIS Pee arene Gatrct verte waPPoer rem aniontan! cites ay a mtementieiare Mem a Meme 13. E.maritimum L.
Radical leaves twice pinnatipartite, with decurrent lobes, stiffly
Spinocse dentate sO suesiteUventlemlecanieS Kmiec uns alan sete italtele lie! te 5D.
Radical leaves entire, the youngest leaves only lobed, dying off
SBC hab 1G, 0) OF On O.ONG. O00 Biondi O BeO.0).G ube Guoudem OnOkO Guo 000d 0 ChOnont) 6 OD 8.
Plant grayish-green; blades of lower leaves broadly ovate or sub-
OmoleulaiceO=o Oren long rancswiclew snclis) er erie) aie c= tie cei sire ia leilie rs 6.
Plants very pale or bluish-gray; lower leaves ovate or triangular,
a= 10) Gran Nome eval WAC -. 55009050 200.0 Oooo 6 SO ooo 450 516 0 les
Main axis of stem and inflorescence elongate; lobes of lower leaves
broadly decurrent along axes, especially the central axis nearly
WHMSOC COVES 5 ban 5.0 610.6 Gul 000.0 6 6 dno On 5 2. E.noe€anum Boiss.
Main axis of stem and inflorescence shorter than lateral branches;
lobes of lower leaves faintly decurrent, axes not winged .....:...
Weal Pavtsee Metta atte seta a) eM a Panter teaiona, Wateae eleranig Ureime eee een eto Aeanmpesitrreenme.
Plant bluish-gray, lower leaves with amplexicaul petioles exceeding
blade by half; blade broadly ovate, 6-10cm long, with broad
profusely and acutely spinose-dentate lobes (S. and E. Transcaucasia)
3 3, BuO D106: O045 10 cece eee eee 4. Ee nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse.
Plant very pale, petioles of lower leaves hardly broadened at base,
2 to 3 times as long as the blade; blade triangular, 4-6 cm long,
with narrow, largely spinose-dentate lobes (Greater Balkhan in Mtn.
‘ID Ghe) root) eh eA Or eh OUP OL apt marie cB Bins Pb Nae 5. E.balchanicum Bobr.
Stems pale above; all radical leaves entire; bracts of all flowers
subulate or narrowly lanceolate, entire; leaflets of involucre entire,
with smooth margin, sometimes with small declinate spines confined
to base SoD oO Doo oOo OO OG So000000 665060000000 60 00 Ze
Plant with stems bluish above; early radical leaves partly 3-lobed;
bracts of outer flowers 3-cuspidate or dentate; leaflets of involucre
ENIAC =ClSra,awe Cue lorenshlby—SjpomMOSS 6 19 w)6 6 o-beo OhoechG Old D Oud 0.0 d-080 1}5
Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves ovate, slightly cordate
on Short-euneate atibasenl2— 20) emlone, 4— 8 cmiiwide eta eee 10.
Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, decurrent
along petiole, 8-15 cm long, 2-4cm wide SAW BRI SS Lae Ne
Petioles of radical leaves shorter than blades, the latter shortly
and cuneately tapering to base, very rarely slightly emarginate
(Viren, Falta eats ONRSE 1 vc. RR Es ed Tet a ees, 6 8. E.bungei Boiss.
Petioles of radical leaves 1"/p times as long as the blades, the
latter with faintly cordate base (Pam.-Al.,T.Sh.)) .......2..6- ike
Radical and lower cauline leaves compactly chartaceous, with short
fine acute teeth, 20—30 teeth on each Side .......2..22..-2-2.0-
55
76
1 Radical and lower cauline leaves coriaceous, not withering, large-
toothed, 1015 spinosie, teethion eachySides jcuremsbe) ce) ees ene eee
FL Ce CREE IOROS OUD ECR DRCUCMOUTMOROMORD acRCMCIN DuAbouoyotO.5 7. E.incognitum Pavl.
iB eee not monocarpic; stems ‘15— 40cm high; radical leaves
narrowly oblanceolate, blade decurrent along petiole, the latter "5 to
vf the length of the blade; heads 3—5, leaflets of involucre 7-11
wine a5 se fra Me SL aOh NG aiinieyro Vie leibe We! aby sehemel a we biohyal tpetecieetee 9. E.karatavicum Ijin.
a5 Plant monocarpic (?); ene 40—60cm high; radical leaves eee ily
withering, oblanceolate, tapering to petiole, these not more than 2/4
the length of the blade; heads 5-10; leaflets of involucre 7-9 ....
Syceinc ant ace oe uc eye ya Heces © mehtems o oanie Cute le lee ORE mine erie.
13. Radical leaves thin, soft, dying early, 4-5cm long, 3—4cm wide;
heads globular,ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucre 4—6, strongly
declinate, (2)3—4 times as long as the heads ..... ants @ BRS cee
Sian soutien) kor ayia) 16) arlict ich ie) “0 ie) elite) =) Kee ea BR 12. E.biebersteinianum Nevski.
a Radical leaves numerous, stiff, long persistent; 5—15cm long,
2—7cm wide; heads ovate,ca. 1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre
50, NOL monelthan twice tas lone aismieads) 5. so) 1 11. E.planum L.
Section 1. ALPINA Wolff in Pflazr. Heft 61 (1913) 123.— Radical leaves
large, entire, long-petioled; heads broadly cylindrical; leaflets of involucre
large, barely smaller than terminal leaves; bracts 3-cuspidate.
E.alpinum L., from the mountains of S. Europe, is also included here.
1, E.giganteum M.B: Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 201; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I,
238; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 829; schmal'sg., Fl. 1, 383; Voronov in Vestas Paitlke
Bot. Sada, X,5; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,124; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IH, 121.—
E.glaucum Adams. ex Hoffm. Hort. Mosq. (1808) 15 No. 1309, nom. —
ene Wollat, Wee. Lab.
Perennial, 0.5-—1.5m high, pale green, juvenile often bluish; main root
thick; stems 0.7—-1.5m high, 1-1.5cm thick at base, furcate above, to 3
branches, these often furcate in turn; leaves coriaceous, with netted
venation, radical leaves broadly cordate or cordate-triangular, 10-—15cm
long and as wide, entire, irregularly crenate-dentate, petioles 20cm, lower
cauline leaves ovate, sessile, broadly amplexicaul, entire, acutely spinose-
dentate, the lower sometimes larger than the radical, decreasing in size
upward, the terminal deeply cleft. Inflorescence loose, heads on thick
stipes, oblong-ovoid, 3—5(6) em long, 3-4cm across; leaflets of involucre
6—10, large, exceeding heads scarcely smaller than terminal leaves, oblong-
ovate, 4-6 cm long, spinose, cleft-serrate; bracts to 10mm long, 3-cuspidate
above; flowers numerous, calyx-teeth lanceolate, elongating into spinose
cusp; fruit to 10mm long, broad, subrectangular laterally, dorsally
covered with numerous scales. Fl. July, Fr. August.
Meadows of upper mountain belt.— Caucasus: Cisc. (central and
western parts of the Main Range), W. Transc., E. Transc. (central part of
Main Range), S.Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range), Arm.-Kurd.
(Ararat). Described from mountainous Armenia. Type in Lefiingrad.
56
Section 2. CAMPESTRIA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 140, subsection
EUCAMPESTRIA Wolff,1.c.146.— Radical leaves large, twice pinnati-
partite, stiffly spinose-dentate, decurrent along axis; bracts entire, some-
times with spines above. Four species from the Balkans, Asia Minor,
Lesser Armenia, Kurdistan and Iran are also included here.
2. E.noéanum Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 2 (1856) (Zeer a Oree bead
Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,152.— E. sapphyrinum Tamamsch. in herb.—
Perennial grayish-green plant; base of stem covered with fibrous
remains of petioles; stems 40—75cm high, erect, cylindrical, becoming
whitish, paniculately branching above, sometimes turning blue; radical
leaves on long thick 10-25 cm long petioles, which sometimes slightly
exceed these blades, suborbicular or broadly ovate, 10—20cm long,
10-15 cm wide, twice pinnatipartite, the lobes large, spinose-dentate,
broadly decurrent making the main axis nearly winged; lower cauline
leaves on short, broad, subamplexicaul petioles, their blades much smaller,
stiffer and acutely spinose-dentate; upper leaves at base of branches to
5cm long, subsessile or with short amplexicaul petioles, acutely spinose.
Leaflets of involucre to 3cm long, usually 6—7, rarely 8, if so then clearly
unequal, linear-subulate, rarely narrowly lanceolate, ie times as long as
the heads, sometimes with small basal spines; bracts 6—7mm long, stiff,
subulate, longer than flowers; styles twice as long as calyx-teeth, the
latter bluish, lanceolate, with sharply protruding nerve tapering to cusp as
long as fruit; fruit ovoid,ca. 5mm long, densely covered dorsally with
scarious scales, larger at margin than at base. Fl. July, August, Fr.
August—September.
Stony mountain slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (near Artyk and Artvin);
Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (C.Kopet Dagh). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd.,
Iran. Described from Karind, W.Iran. Type in Geneva.
Note. Yu. N.Voronov first reported this species from the Caucasus
in 1908. It was discovered in the former Artvin District. The latest
collections by S.G. Tamamshyan and A. A. Fedorov are from near Artyk,
in Armenia. The intense blue coloration of the upper part of the Artyk
specimens led 8.G. Tamamshyan to propose a new species, distinct from
the S. European E.amethystinum IL. However, these specimens, as
well as the plant from Artvin, should surely be included in E. noéanum
Boiss., based on Noél's collection from W. Iran as defined in Wolff's
monograph (1. c.), which is thus distributed from the western part of the
Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan area of the Russian ''Flora,'' to the east of
the Iranian area, where it was collected many times by E.G. Chernyakovskaya
in Khorasan where A: Bunge made his previous discoveries. The Ashkabad
specimen collected in 1897 by D.I. Litvinov should alsobe included. Since this
species is very widespread in Khorasan, it will certainly also be found in
Kopet-Dagh. It is incredible that Litvinov's findings have not been repeated
to date, even though the flora of the Ashkhabad area has been thoroughly
studied. E.G. Chernyakovskaya mentions that the different parts of the
stem and leaves of this species exude a red substance.
3. E.champestre L. Sp. pl. (1753) 233; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Il, 201,
Pi S; lidb- il Ross. Lin 23s shmal'to.. HI, 384; -Voronov ain, Vestn.
57
79
Tifl> Bot." Sada, X; 5:4 Wolff in Pilzr. Heft ot, fo0" Crosses, Hie eryiceelle
122.— less “Rehb. Iles El. Germ. Xx tab. 18525 — shixs.? “G. hee. Nes 0b
FI eaue.-exs. No.o47; Pi wpol. "exs.” Now War
Perennial with long, cylindrical root; stems 30—70cm high; entire
plant grayish-green, stiffly spiny; stems thick, leafy, branching, strongly
branched above, especially in inflorescence, with numerous heads; leaves
stiffly coriaceous, the radical long-petioled, broadly ovate-triangular,
15—30cm long and as wide, deeply twice 3-partite, the lobes decurrent
along axis, spinose-dentate (primary leaves broadly lanceolate, subentire),
cauline leaves much smaller, short-petioled, amplexicaul. Inflorescence
loose, umbelliform, with numerous ovate-globular ca. 15mm long heads,
leaflets of involucre 6—7, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, to 4cm long, 5mm
wide, sometimes with 2—4 basal spines; bracts subulate, to 10mm long
exceeding flowers; calyx-teeth lanceolate, with long mucro; fruit
compressed-obovoid, to 5mm long, lateral scales longer than dorsal.
June—September.
Steppe zone, steppe lowlands, weedy places, roadsides, in mountain
regions on steppe and herbaceous slopes, not on high mountains. — European
Dart Wave (Kalinin, introduced), M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv. (Birsk,
introduced), U. Dns., Bes., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V. (west, apparently not
reaching east of the Volga); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,W.Transc. (N.),
He franse. “Gen. distr.:) Centr. Bure, We and Hh. Meds, Bal. Ase Minne
Described from S. Europe. Type in London.
4, E.nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse, Aufz. Pfl. Reise Transk. Pers.
(1860) 99; Grossp., Fl. Kavk-1ll, '22.— EB. billardieri=)neroece.
phalum Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 824; Voronoy in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada,
X,8.— E.billardieri ssp. nigromontanum (Boiss. et Buhse)
Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 150.
Pale, usually bluish-gray perennial, 40—80cm high; stem rather thick,
furcate branching to produce spreading inflorescence, commonly confined to
upper half or third; lower leaves on long (10-15 em) amplexicaul petioles
1%, times aslongas blades; blades broadly ovate, 6-10cm long, contiguous
deeply twice to 3-partite with rather broad, profusely and acutely spinose-
dentate lobes; upper cauline leaves sessile, deeply 3-partite, with
spreading-acuminate, spinose-dentate lobes. Heads 12-15mm long,
globose-ovoid; leaflets of involucre 6—8(9), subulate, 2—-4cm long, with
2—3 thin marginal spines and basal spines which appear to alternate with
leaflets; bracts subulate,ca. 10mm long, exceeding flowers, sometimes
spinose above; calyx-teeth acuminate, as long as fruit; fruit compressed,
dorsal scales numerous, rounded. July—September.
Pebbly slopes of central mountain belt.— Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc.,
Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran (NW). Described from Kara Dagh
Range. Cotype in Leningrad.
5. E.balchanicum Bobr. n. sp. in Addenda XV, 423.
Perennial with straight woody main root; entire plant very pale green;
stems usually 2, 40-60cm high, their base covered with leaves of preceding
years, Slightly branching in upper third; 10—15cm long petioles of radical
leaves 2 to 3 times as long as the blade, slightly broadened at base;
58
80
blades triangular, 4-6 cm long, deeply 3-partite (the lower unequal-sided),
the broadly ovate lobes decurrent along axis, lobes deeply, nearly pinnately
cut into lanceolate spreading-acuminate spinose teeth, the nerves whitish,
very sharply protruding beneath; the first, early dying leaves smaller,
and less rigidly spinose on shorter petioles; cauline leaves few, sessile,
also deeply dissected, with narrower lobes. Inflorescence loose, heads
10—20, globular, 10-12 mm long; leaflets of involucre 6—7, subulate,
3—4cm long, 2-3 mm wide, spinose-acute, with 2—3 basal spines, the outer-
most recurved; flowers 20—30, subtended by lanceolate acuminate bracts,
longer than flowers; calyx-teeth long, lanceolate, short-acuminate, as long
as fruit; fruit markedly compressed, with winglike margins due to broad
cartilaginous scales, dorsally less sharply winged, with scales confined
to upper part. Fl. June. (Plate IV, Figure 4.)
Among shrubby formations on pebbly mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. Greater Balkhan Range, from where described. Type in
Leningrad.
Pouca ni ecriima Giftecs fom sh. Nive Om onia num, Boiss - ier
Buhse by the smaller radical leaves, the subtriangular, largely spinose-
dentate blades, on petioles 2 to 3 times as long as the blade, smaller
flower heads, fewer flowers, the fruit is much less densely covered with
scales, but along the ribs it is nearly winged by scales.
Section 3. OVALIFOLIA Bobr. sect. n.— Blades of radical and lower
cauline leaves entire, ovate, slightly cordate or short-cuneate at base.
6. E.macrocalyx Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey. Enum. pl. nov. (1841) 60;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 238; O. and B. Fedch., Perech. r. Turk. III, 78, p.p.;
Wioltt in PilzigniHett, 615 122):
Monocarpic perennial with thick main root; stems ca. 1m high, white,
shiny, 3—4-partite above, with furcately 3-partite branches; radical and
lowermost cauline leaves ovate, entire, firm, chartaceous or thin,
coriaceous, dying early, 14-20cm long, 6-8 cm wide, faintly cordate at
base, Shortly and finely acutely toothed, with 20—30 teeth at each side,
petioles thin, i, times as long as blade, amplexicaul; median and upper
cauline leaves sessile, much smaller, ovate to lanceolate, becoming more
firmly coriaceous upwards with larger acute teeth. Heads ovoid to
globular, ca. 2cm long, 1.75cm across, surrounded by involucre of 6—7,
sublinear, spinose-acuminate, stiff leaflets, 2-2.5cm long, 2-4mm wide;
bracts narrowly subulate, acuminate, ca. 8mm long, longer than flowers;
flowers numerous; sepals 4-5 mm long, ovate, truncate, with thick midrib
produced into spinose cusp, ca. 2mm long; fruit ca. 5mm long, with
numerous lateral scales, the distal ones produced into 1.5mm long spines.
Fl. June, Fr. July: (Plate IV, Figure 3.)
Semisteppe foothills and lower mountain belt.— Centr. Asia: Balkh.
(extreme east), Dzu.-Tarb. (habitat in Tarbagatai very doubtful), T.Sh.,
Syr D. (in Fergana up to Osh and Alai Range in the east). Gen. distr.:
Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from Ala-Kul in Dzungaria. Type in
Leningrad.
59
= Ni DY LN wn i ;
Te 4 \ t We,
PLATE IV. 1—Eryngium wanaturi Woron., lower part of plant; 2 —E.incognitum Pavl., part
of blade of lower cauline leaf; 3— E -macrocalyx Schrenk, part of blade of lower cauline leaf; 4 —
E.balchanicum Bobr., blade of lower cauline leaf; 5—E.karatavicum Ijin, lower cauline leaf;
6 — E.mirandum Bobr., lower cauline leaf.
60
83
84
7. E.incognitum Pavl. in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Pr. XLVII
(1938) 81.— E. pamiralaicum Korov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i
Zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 3.
Large monocarpic perennial, closely resembling the preceding species
from which it is distinguished by large coriaceous spinose-dentate,
radical leaves, which do not wither, with 10—15 spinose teeth at each side;
cauline leaves correspondingly smaller, spinose-dentate, nearly pinnatifid.
Fl. June, Fr. July. (Plate IV, Figure 2.)
Semisteppes and steppes of foothill and central mountain belts.— Centr.
Asia: Pam.-Al. Described from Stalinabad. Type in Moscow.
Note. The type of this species, in the Herbarium of Moscow University,
has been damaged by animals and lacks radical leaves. Even so it surely
belongs to the closely related E. macrocalyx Schrenk of Pamir-Alai,
subsequently described in much greater detail by E. P. Korovin as
E.pamiralaicum Korov. Presumably it is owing to the poor state of
this plant that its author has compared it with Il'in's Eryngium Kara-
Tau rather than with the species established by Schrenk.
E.octophyllum Korov. described by E. P. Korovin from Zeravshan
(Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 3) seems to
represent a distinct form of Eryngium more closely related to
E.macrocalyx Schrenk than to the species from Pamir-Alai species,
and may be their hybrid. It is characterized by rather small, coriaceous
leaves and sparingly leafy stems. One of the significant characters of
this species is the long leaflets of the involucre (to 5cm), 2 to 3 times as
long as the head.
8. E.bungei Boiss, Fl. or. II (1872) 824; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 119.—
Gos NV OIse iG Casta dig lshs
Perennial, not monocarpic; stem 1, rarely 2—3, 0.7-1m high, sparingly
leafy, spreading-branching above, with branches to 20cm long, twice-thrice
furcate; radical leaves few, coriaceous, petioles shorter than blades, these
to 15cm long, 4cm wide, lanceolate, shortly and cuneately tapering at base,
rarely slightly emarginate, with 12-15 spinose teeth ca. 1cm long, some-
times recurved; cauline leaves smaller, with relatively larger and fewer
attenuate spinose teeth and shorter petioles; upper leaves sessile,
spreading spinose-lobed. Heads 1—1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre
usually 6, stiff, narrowly linear, spinose, 4-5cm long, 2-4mm wide, entire,
with small declinate basal spines; bracts lanceolate, curved above;
fruit 7-8mm long; sepals ca. 3mm long, coriaceous, truncate with ca.
1mm long spine, dorsally and laterally covered with flattened, cartilaginous
lanceolate scales. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Mountain semideserts and steppes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
(Kopet-Dagh and Lesser Balkhan). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from
Iranian Khorasan. Cotype in Leningrad.
Section 4. LANCIFOLIA Bobr. sect. n.— Blades of radical and lower
cauline leaves oblanceolate, decurrent on petiole.
9. E.karatavicum Ijin in Fedde, Repert. XXIX. (1936) 320.
61
85
Perennial, not monocarpic; stems 15—40cm high, pale, straight,
surrounded below by leaves of former years, slight branching confined to
upper part; radical leaves not withering, narrowly oblanceolate, gradually
tapering, decurrent, 8-15 cm long, to 3cm wide in upper part, midrib sharply
protruding beneath, margin acutely spinose-dentate, teeth to 1.5cm long,
petiole ve to 7 the length of the blade; cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul,
the blades reduced to 3—5 lobes-spines, the upper leaves reduced to
lanceolate spine with 2 small basal prickles. Heads 3—5, globular,
1.5-2cm long; involucre of 7-11 leaflets, 1.5-4cm long, not more than
twice as long as head, subulate, spinose, entire; bracts subulate, strongly
keeled, the sharply protruding nerve produced into cusp; fruit dorsally
and laterally pectinately covered with flattened, cartilaginous scales.
Fl. June—July, Fr. July—August. (Plate IV, Figure 5.)
Pebbly mountain slopes — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau Range).
Endemic. Described from Goldenensai in Kara-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
10. E.mirandum Bobr. n. sp. in Addenda XV, 423.
Perennial, monocarpic? Stems solitary, 40—60cm high, erect, whitish,
with remains of few leaves at base, 6-8 mm thick in lower part, branching
above, branches of middle part of stem short, with 1 head; radical leaves
5—6, readily withering, oblanceolate, tapering to petiole, petiole not more than
7/4 the length of the blade; blades 8—10cm long, to 4cm wide in upper
part, acutely spinose-dentate, with 8-10 unequal, spinose-acute attenuate
teeth on each side; median and lower cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul,
of similar shape, larger and more acutely spinose, the upper lanceolate,
nearly pinnate with large spinose teeth. Heads 5-10, 1—3 on solitary, in
median part of stem, the others on branches in upper part of stem,
globular, 1-2cm long; involucre of 7-9, 1.5—3cm long, subulate, entire
leaflets not more than twice as long as head; bracts lanceolate, keeled,
acuminate, longer than flowers; fruit 7-8 mm long, covered dorsally and
laterally with white cartilaginous scales denser and longer in upper part
of fruit; calyx-teeth slightly shorter than half the length of fruit, the
midrib produced into cusp. Fr. June. (Plate IV, Figure 6.)
Pebbly slopes of outliers.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (outliers of Bel-Tau),
Pam.-Al. (Nura-Tau). Endemic. Described from Bel-Tau. Type in
Leningrad.
Differs from E.karatavicum Ijin by thenearly withering radical
leaves tapering to petioles not more than half the length of the blades.
Section 5. PLANA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 126.— Radical leaves
entire, oval, with cordate or rounded base, the young leaves sometimes
3-lobed, with oblong 2-fid or 3-fid lobes; leaflets of involucre linear or
linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 times as long as heads; bracts of inner flowers
entire, subulate, the outer 3-cuspidate or dentate. In addition to 2 Russian
species, this section includes 6—7 Mediterranean species.
tt. be planunm i, Sp. pik (1753) 233; (Boiss. Pls or. UL) 82337 Samal sey
Fl. 1, 384; Wolff in Pilzr. Heft 61, U27; Kryl.) Fl. Zap. Sib. Valle z@sb.
Grossg., Fl. Kavk.10,121.— E.alpinum Pall. -Reise, 1 (1771) 31, nom. —
62
86
E.planifolium Pall. l.c. I (1776) 316,nom.— E.amethystinum
Gmel. Reise II (1774) 196,nom.— E. bart we omnia Gili bel matinee
(1785) 383.-— E. coeruleum Gilib. 1 cosse = Demos pMglusrag (Gili bale. o4,
non L.— ? E. pumilum Gilib. Chlor. Grodn. (785) 20. —b). inter
medium Weinm. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X, 7 (US8i75 92» Hidb eck
Ross. Il, 239.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. V, fis. 508 .— Bxs.: /G. R.F. No. 416;
Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 1352.
Perennial with straight main root; stems solitary, 30—80cm, to iL iam
high, sometimes few, smooth, branching in upper part, often bluish,
surrounded at base by remains of dead leaves; leaves stiff or thin-
coriaceous, the radical 5-15 cm long, 2—7cm wide, entire, the petioles as
long as the blades; blades oblong or ovate or obovate, obtuse above,
spinose-dentate or crenate, subcordate at base; cauline leaves sessile,
much shorter, the upper 3—5-partite, dentate. Heads ovoid, ca. 1.5cm
long, ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucre 5—7, stiff, linear, acuminate,
cuspidate-dentate, 2—-3cm long, 2-6 mm wide; bracts 5—6 mm long, thinly
acuminate, the lower 3-cuspidate, the upper entire, as long as calyx;
calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate, elongating into long (ca. 2mm) spine;
petals hardly shorter than lobes of calyx, oblong, with narrow fimbriate
recurved lobe; fruit compressed-ovoid, 5-6mm long, usually covered to
middle with narrow flat acuminate scales. Fl. June—July, Fr. July— August.
Forb and grassy steppes, semidesert zones of river valleys, forest
steppes and forest zones in dry valleys and sands.— European part:
U.V. (S.), V--Kama (S. and S.Urals), U.Dnp. (S.), M. Dnp., V-Don, Transv.,
U. Dns., Bes., Bl., Crim. (N.), L. Don, L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dagny Er
Transc. (Tbilisi, Gori, Akhaltsikhe); W. Siberia: Ob (Sa) Werte ligt. eA te:
(lowlands and foothills); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb.,
T. Sh. (southernmost locality, mouth of Charyn). Gen. distr.: Centr. and
S, Eur., Dzu.-Kash. (W.). Described from E. Europe (European Russia,
Poland). Type in London.
12. E.biebersteinianum Nevski in Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, 4
(1937) 275,nom.— E.coeruleum M.B. Tabl. prov. casp. (1798) 112;
Ej. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 200, excl. syn. non Gilib. 1785; Boiss. Fl.
or. II, 823; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 384; Voronov in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, X, 6;
Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,130; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.IH,122.— E. Gaieihior
tomum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 240, non Desf.- ? E. caucasicum
Fisch. ex Steud. Nomenel. (1821) 315, nom.; Trautv. in Tr. B.S.L 23.>
E.amethystinum auct. Milly icauckExs-s Ge Rees, Noy i768 arb;
Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 338.
Perennial; with thick main root, stems to 1m high, usually solitary,
spreading-branching above, bluish, leafy; radical leaves many, herbaceous
or slightly coriaceous, soft, early withering, long-petioled, the blades with
cordate or rounded base, 4—6 cm long, 3-—4cm wide, oval, entire or 3-lobed,
with oblong lobes; cauline leaves coriaceous, sessile, 1-4cm long, 2-4mm
wide, deeply incised, with spinose-rooted lobes. Heads ca. 10mm long and
as wide; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear-lanceolate, stiff, strongly
declinate, 2 to 4 times as long as the heads, with 1—2 basal spines, some-
times bristly-spiny along margin, with spinose-acuminate apex; bracts
subulate, the outer sometimes 3-toothed (Walics fen als Woron.), longer
63
87
88
than flowers; calyx-teeth oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; petals ca. 2mm
long; styles longer than sepals; fruit ca. 5mm long, angular, scales
lanceolate, long-acuminate, equal. Fl. May—July, Fr. July—September.
Steppes and semideserts, foothill and lower levels of mountains. —
Caucasus: Cisc. (rare in the east), Dag., W., E. and S. Transc., Tal.;
Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd.,
Iran. (to Kashmir in the east). Described from the Shirvan Steppe. Type
in Leningrad.
Section 6. HALOBIA Calest. in Webbia, 1 (1905) 126; Wolff in Pflzr.
Heft 61, 121.— Blades of radical leaves stiff coriaceous (live leaves fleshy),
rounded; petioles not shorter than blades. Monotypic section.
13, E.maritimum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 233; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 201;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 238; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 829; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 384; Voronov
in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, X,4; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,122; Grossg., Fl.
Kavk. Il], 121.— E.maritimum tauricum Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk.
(1812) 47.— Exs.: Schulz, Herb. norm. No. 2641; Fl. ital. exs. No. 1707.
Bluish-gray perennial, 40-70cm high; stem robust, ca. 1 cm thick at
base, spreading-branching, above with forked branches; petioles of radical
leaves not shorter than blades; blades hard-coriaceous, rounded, entire,
rarely 3-lobed, median lobe much smaller than the lateral, largely spinose-
dentate, with sharply prominent nerves; cauline leaves decurrent on short
broad petiole, deeply trifid, with teeth tapering into spines. Heads globular,
1—2 cm becoming 3cm long; involucre of 5, rhombic, 2—4cm long, trifid,
leaflets with broadly triangular-spinose teeth; bracts to 12mm long,
exceeding flowers, 3-cuspidate; calyx-teeth lanceolate, tapering to cusp,
to 5mm long; fruit compressed-ovoid, 12—15mm long, with large lateral
scales, the upper nearly spinose in ripe fruit. Fl. July, Fr. August.
Sandy and stony seacoasts.— European part: Balt. (to Ezel' Island in
the northwest), Bes., Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen. distr.:
Atl., Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from sandy shores
of W. Europe. Type in London.
Section 7. HAPLOPHYLLA Woron. in Izv. Kavk. Muzeya, XI (1918)
95.— Leaves entire, linear, the upper lanceolate-linear, similar to leaves
of Bupleurum. Monotypic section.
14, E.wanaturi* Woron. in Izv. Kavk. Muzeya (1918) 54; Grossg., Fl.
Kavk. Il, 121.— E. woronowii E.Bordz. in Fedde, Repert. XXXVI (1934)
303.
Perennial; stems 35—50 cm high, solitary, bluish above, branching
slightly above, base covered with remnants of dead leaves; leaves
coriaceous, entire; radical leaves linear, 10—30cm long, to 1cm wide,
tapering to poorly developed petiole; nerves longitudinal, the median and
marginal thickened; cauline leaves shorter, amplexicaul, the upper to 1.5cm
wide at base, lanceolate-linear, elongating, with few bristly spines at margin;
* Named after ancient Armenian god protecting the traveler.
64
89
uppermost leaves shorter, bifid. Inflorescence of 2—9 globular heads,
1—1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre 7—9, spinose, linear, margin bristly-
spinose, especially in lower part;bracts lanceolate, curved, longer than
flowers, the outer sometimes with 1—2 prickles; petals blue, deeply 2-
partite above; calyx-teeth lanceolate, with spinose cusp; fruit dorsally
covered with cartilaginous scales. Fl. June, Fr. July. PlateIV, Figure ila)
Stony slopes, high mountain belt.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Daralagez,
Karny Yarykh). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Sandzhan, near
the upper reaches of the Euphrates. Cotype in Leningrad.
Subfamily Ill. APIOIDEAE Drude in Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 145.—
Fruit with soft-parenchymatous endocarp without raphides, sometimes
becoming hard, nut-shaped through lignification of the subepidermal layer;
styles apical on stylopodium; in young ovaries canals vallecular, becoming
variously distributed.
Tribe 1. ECHINOPHOREAE Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. (1867) 862. —
Flowers unisexual, monoecious, receptacle of umbel dilated; 1 central-
sessile pistillate flower and pedicelled staminate flowers; calyx-teeth
foliate, hardening; petals in staminate flowers curved inwards, in
pistillate flowers erect; styles elongate, erect, hard; fruit oblong-pyramidal,
1-seeded through abortion of one cell; pericarp scarious with 1—3 canals
in valleculae.
Genus 945. ECHINOPHORA * L..
L. Sp. pl. ed.1 (1753) 239
Flowers heterogenous, the central bisexual, sessile in umbel, pistillate
with 5 foliate calyx-teeth, the outer staminate, pediceled; calyx of staminate
flowers with oblong-lanceolate posterior teeth, the other flowers very
small; petals white or yellow, emarginate; ovary adnate to pedicels of
staminate flowers, buried in receptacle; stylopodium conical; styles
straight or curved, much longer than stylopodium; fruit oblong-pyramidal,
basally thickened through adnation to receptacle and pedicels of sterile
flowers, subcylindrical in cross section; ribs obsolete; canals singly
under valleculae; albumen at commissure deeply emarginate, with inturned
margins. Stiff perennial herbs, branching from base, pubescent or glabrous,
with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves.
Ten species distributed in S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia
and Central Asia.
1. Plant entirely glabrous; lobes of last order filiform, 1.5—8cm long,
0.2—0.3mm wide; petals white, glabrous, the outer expanding in
LUT ene ee, Rect mone te cone carole ts otra eyes Gy sure, i 1. E.trichophylla Smith.
* From Greek echinos — spine, phoros — bearing.
65
90
ar Plant densely covered with short hairs; leaf lobes of the last order
short, lanceolate-linear; petals yellow, dorsally pubescent, with ciliate
margins, outer ones notinumbel ......... 2. E.sibthorpiana Guss.
Section 1. LEUCOPHORA DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 230.— Euechino-
phora Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 947, p.p.— Petals white, glabrous, the
marginal petals expanding.
1. E.trichophylla Smith in Rees Cycl. XII (1819) No.3; DC Prodr. IV,
239;-lidb. Fl. Ross. II, 395;, Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 948; Grosse. Hit Kayk sie
1237="le.s) Jaub. et-Sp. llitors tabyz3soy— ebixce: Sls cauess exGemNomeitc a
Perennial, glabrous throughout; root ca. 1cm thick, ascending or erect;
stem thin, strong, finely striated, 10—60cm high, branching nearly from
base or only in upper part with spreading, subhorizontal or obliquely
antrorse branches; radical leaves numerous, ovate-oblong, 20—40cm long,
8—15cm wide, bipinnate or tripinnate, the thinly filiform lobes of the last
order 1.5—8cm long, 0.2-0.3mm wide. Umbels 1.5—4cm across, with
10-12 thickish, irregular rays scabrous above; involucre of 5 linear-
lanceolate, thin-acuminate leaflets becoming reflexed; umbellets 6-8mm
across; involucels of 5—6 lanceolate, acute, erect leaflets nearly as long
as umbellets; calyx-teeth in staminate flowers unequal, often very short,
the posterior lanceolate-subulate; petals white, the marginal ca. 1.5mm
long; stylopodium obsolete; styles divergent, often arcuate,ca. 3mm long.
July— August. (Plate V, Figure 1.)
Dry stony slopes and in desert steppes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Gen.
distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Khishe-Kala), Iran.. Described from the Levant.
Type in London.
Section 2. CHRYSOPHORA DC Prodr. IV (1830) 230.— Euechino-
phora Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 947, p.p.— Petals yellow, the marginal
not increscent, ciliate.
2. E.sibthorpiana Guss. Suppl. Fl. Sic. Prodr. (1832—1943) 69;
Boiss.) El. on. ll, 949; Grosse., Fl. Kavk. Ml 123. — Be femud ton maelewse
Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 199, non L.— E.tenuifolia var. Sib -
thorpiana Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rumel. et Bith. eee. Sibth.
Bi Graec. tab.7266.
Perennial; root vertical, 4-5mm thick; stems 20—50cm high, striate-
spreading-branching nearly from base, like leaves densely covered with
short spreading hairs; radical leaves 25—30cm long, ca. 20cm wide,
broadly ovate, bipinnate-tripinnate, short-petioled, abruptly dilated to sheath;
primary lobes sessile, narrowly oblong, secondary lobes ovate, pinnatifid,
lobules lanceolate-linear, acute or irregularly acutely toothed; cauline
leaves sessile, the uppermost simple-pinnate, with 2—3 short dentate
lobules. Umbels numerous, 1—1.5cm across, with 2—5 short hairy rays;
leaflets of involucre 2—5, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, densely
pubescent; umbellets 0.5—0.7mm across; involucels of 5 lanceolate,
pubescent leaflets as long as umbellets, becoming stiff, procumbent or
66
(91)
PLATE V. 1— Echinophora trichopylla Smith; 2 —E.sibthorpiana Guss.
67
93
recurved; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long, dorsally pubescent, with ciliate
margin. Fl. August, Fr. September—October. (Plate V, Figure 2.)
Stony slopes, solonetzic desert steppes, cotton crops, wheat, vineyards,
irrigated ditches, railroad beds.— Caucasus: E. and S.Transc.; Centr.
Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min7) Arm-.=Kurd., Iran.
Described from Greece.
Tribe 2. SCANDICEAE DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 220,emend. Drude in
Pflanzenf. III, 8 (1898) 146.— Flowers bisexual or polygamous, often bi-
sexual flowers mixed with staminate, central flower of each umbellet
usually fertile, all flowers on more or less long pedicels; styles erect or
recurved on conical stylopodium; fruit 2-seeded, oblong-cylindrical, some-
times growing into more or less elongate cylindrical or flattened beak;
mericarps with 5 filiform or flat ribs; canals 1—4 under valleculae, 2—8
at commissure, often obliterated in ripe fruit; druses of crystals abundant
in parenchyma surrounding carpophore; seeds long, narrow, with more or
less deep furrow at commissure; pericarp often covered with tubercles,
bristles or prickles.
Genus 946. PHYSOCAULIS* (Dc.) Tausch
Tausch in Flora, XVI (1834) 342.- Dasyspermum Neck. Elem. (1790) 295, p-p.— Chaerophyllum
sect. Physocaulis DC. Coll. mém.V (1829) 59; DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 225.- Fiebera Opiz, Seznam
(1852) 44.— Biasolettia Bertol. Fl. ital.III (1837) 191,non Koch (1836)
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate,
deeply notched, with incurved lobe; fruit narrowly oblong, pyramidally
tapering from broad base, slightly compressed laterally, covered with
antrorse bristles sessile on tubercles; mericarps subrounded at cross
section; pericarp very thick, l-layered epicarp, 1—3 layers of chlor-
enchyma, parenchyma, and columns of sclerenchymatous plates; main ribs
5, broad, flat, separated by narrow valleculae; vallecular canals solitary,
large; albumen deeply canaliculate-notched, horseshoe-shaped in cross
section. Annuals with ternate, bipinnate leaves.
A monotypic Mediterranean genus distributed from Algeria and Portugal
to the Crimea, Caucasus, Iran and Syria.
1. P.nodosus (L.) Tausch in Flora (1834) 342 et in Koch, Taschenb.
(1844) 232; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 909; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. 15 (1920)
90; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 123.— Scandix nodosa L. Sp. pl. (1753)
Ze Ghacizophyilium: nodosum Crantz, Cl, Umbell a naende (1767)
(62 db. hl oshoss. 117349; Shalala A2e. asl or Mies macrocarpa
Gaertn. Fruct.1 (1778) 183.— T.tumida Moench, Meth. (1794) 102.—
Anthriscus nodosa Pers. Synops.I (1805) 320.— A. scandix M.B.
Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 231, nec Aschers.— Biasolettia nodosa
Bertol. Fl. Ital. III (1837) 191.— Fiebera nodosa Opiz, Seznam (1852)
* From the Greek physa — vesicle and kaulos — stem; referring to the inflated nodes of the stem.
60115 1 68
LA ie who alcH ele AGernd PoOaeiraloe 20M o> MISOZOq role, 11a eel. Az. Ross.
XV, 86, fruit; Briquet in Festschrift zur Feier des siebzigsten Geburts-
tages Prof. Ascherson (1904) S.352, fruit in cross section.
Annual; stems branching, 20—100cm high, covered in lower part with
long retrorse bristly hairs, glabrous above, with bluish stripes, internodes
hollow, inflated below nodes; leaves ternate-binate, densely covered with
appressed, antrorse, bristly hairs; lobes of the first order petioluled, of
the last order obtuse, abruptly short-acuminate. Umbels of 2—3(5) rays
covered with rigid antrorse hairs, in fruit divergent, slightly thickened;
involucre absent (rarely of 1—2 leaflets); umbellets with 5-10 rays;
leaflets of involucels 5, triangular-lanceolate or linear, herbaceous, thinly
acuminate, scabrous; petals with few bristles outside; fruit j= 1.5) iaquaal
long. May—June.
Forests, shrubby formations, stony slopes. — European part: Crim.;
Caucasus: Cisc. [Krymskaya, Stavropol), W. Transc. (Novorossiisk), E.
and S.Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam-Al. Gen. distr.:
W. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. (Astrabad province); introduced in France
and England. Described from Sicily. Type in London.
Genus 947. CHAEROPHYLLUM * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 258.— Lindera Adans. Fam.lI (1763) 493.— Polgidon Raf. Good Book (1840) 52.—
Rhynochostylis Tausch in Flora, XVII (1843) 343, non Blume.— Balansaea Boiss. et Reut. Pug. pl.
nov. (1852) 49.— Bellia Bubani, Fl. Pyren.II (1900) 411.- Selinum subgen. Chaerophyllum Krause
in Sturm, Deutsch. Flora, 2 Aufl.XII (1904) 50.- Golenkinianthe K-Pol. in Tr. Yur'ev. Bot. Sada, XV
(1914) 107; Russk. Bot. zhurn. (1915) 18; in Fl. Az. Ross. 15 (1920) 43
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, pink, red or purple, obcordate,
deeply notched, with inward curved lobule in notch, cuneate at base or
abruptly passing into short claw; marginal petals often elongate; fruit
oblong-cylindrical or narrowly ellipsoid, tapering but beakless, slightly
flattened laterally. Mericarps subrounded or obtusely 5-angled, the 5 obtuse,
slightly flattened, smooth, main ribs distinctly protruding when ripe; canals
large, solitary in valleculae; stylopodium conical, sometimes short-conical
bearing filiform or thickish styles, recurved below, rarely erect or diver-
gent; albumen with longitudinal furrow. Herbaceous tuberous biennials
(rarely root cylindrical) or rhizomatous perennials, the leaves many times
pinnatisect.
A genus of forty species in temperate Europe, Asia and America
(4 species).
1. Biennials with tuber, rarely annuals with simple thin root fusiform: -
it Wen SON ee teh ee SMEG Wellies cit MBB ce los er wie emer e -lebice sa NeRmeI tn onSeve!"/e: A De
ar Perennials) nwath wri z ones (blacks pre@ Olay | enicie8 0 (9-12) =) 0) tos atari o>) ie Ika
2. Root thinly fusiform; umbels with 6—12 scabrous-bristly rays
TE CR AOR SESTiS: 6 0 (CRO ROROMCROC ROME CEEIEC O° 0, 0.50 BCMROMO a MEO mC aOR RC Li, @. ie@mapuluiea Ib
* From the Greek name, referring to the agreeable scent of the foliage.
69
PLATE VI. 1— Chaerophyllum borodinii Alb; 2—Ch.confusum Woron; 3 — Ch.angeli-
cifolium M.B.
70
98
oo
Oo +o t+ wp +
Me
12.
Root tuberiform; umbel rays glabrous, very rarely scabrous-
FagIGINGS LAY Ne Pik tes CORAL Te ncdter ole Meena eM Tom eWtey (eMeleleiiatay Vel. (cp Moist chev ude oh ataieree ie ewe es Sie
Lower and median leaves 2—7cm long, 1—3.5 cm wide, biternate, the
ovate) lobesidentate or pinnatisect:(Caueasus)) 44... ..+ oa. « 4,
Eeayesinmipinnaves lobes Ofsrihe last Onrdem linear Om Oblome a. ies se. ee
Leaflets of involucels glabrous...... 14. €.meyeri Boiss. et Buhse.
Beatlersion mvolweells withjenhare Onema WouUSssmaarcinS ecm vertlete: = = = 5.
Peitailcmre diypluakOrs vad Olle ty Uapaiter er on ei lemee) ics! cette 15. C.confusum Woron.
IE Gites, \VlonhS. Bh ey toe Gece ANG fore) DEMON eNOE cic “OU CRS cad TqaGmetentss Omen ch loli Smet i steam 5 6.
Umbel rays glabrous; styles straight, slightly divergent ......
a Mg, Oo. CRE Sonne oon Me comers, (Bs RAND (EI AN SME 13. C.angelicifolium M.B.
Umbel rays scabrous-bristly; styles recurved below ..........
So MY Ide Bo, 8) Dayo, Oe Dea Lew ONG Chal eae ® B SO hOae pop Remo al 5 16. C.temuloides Boiss.
Marginal petals strongly elongate (to 4mm); leaflets of involucels
COWSIEE Wala SOs orenbos ces Gg Oho toko oleae bo Oe 17. C.crinitum Boiss.
Marginal petals not elongate, if elongate then not exceeding 2mm;
leaflets of involucels glabrous, very rarely with few rigid bristles ..
Involucels of 6—10 equal leaflets; styles straight, thickish, becoming
Ginereent.. Stem) Often hairy mearlyato apex Sa 2. Caprescotti DE:
Involucels of 3—5 unequal leaflets; styles thin, recurved from base;
SuStaa, leo wis) ia wyojosie lake "Boas o6 6) og Slo tlc lo SHG o 6G 3 5 Oro nie 2)
Marginal petals elongate to 2mm; fruit often small, 4-5mm long
ee ie sar ease hs Lie a ieeels 2p lon Cacaucasicum” iseh. aSchischi<.
Magcinclep ctalcenOimelonoatery et glint to Omani lOO pert ite teli-lcibous) -) =» 10.
Marginal leaf lobes of the last order oblong-linear, 1-2mm wide;
fruit 5—6mm long; nearly all flowers in umbellet fertile (European
LEME NOMMIOIS SIR) are. Setebopenis) ce welap eRe) wal calls citer oyrtiaia) Gh alts 18. C. bulbosum L.
Leaf lobes of the last order ovate or oblong, 2-5mm wide; fruit
omm long; often 1—4 fertile flowers in umbel (Turkmen SSR)
7 4. GG 0 6 315 gon Oo Gathialo lO dilpmon Glia, cuinlctole tc 20. C. bobrovii Schischk.
Peveulss slo re Slkiyelanlay joialatslal 1g 4885 die ao Soo og pos oj 6 6 a eae
Pet SH pinkie duo TCO UIgp Ley ro stein chen Le sme) ow paeracs ae acts, Gey Rane dais as PAOR
INTeUN, GxCesoliarey Ik) ccaiands Orally Imieicnule ial Whale ayy Go Gain 6 Geteeons
Sear pie eis Maton, & 12. C. macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey.
Fruit not exceeding 13mm; all or few flowers in umbel fertile... 13.
Plants characteristic of high mountain taluses, with slightly
developed, slightly leafy stems not exceeding 20cm in height..... ee
Pillans Wilde leary sismag SO=LOO @malolela 596 oa oe Sle o ale 5 O44 oS so LBs
Leaflets of involucels ciliate; umbel rays more or less densely
WHIUGWUS po ou 686 Bo 5 ons d Snobs ees oss be aa ses 4, C.humile Stev.
Leaflets of involucels glabrous; umbel rays glabrous or remotely
WONG. Gicepiom's) sibha oi easiel ge RU BOS Dees OOn ot Seas oGuemaMBe one 5. C.kiapazi Woron.
JP wells Wyre Gilles wareicemalss SiG Sos dis 6 oo clo dceG 3. C.cicutaria Vill.
Petals not ciliate along margin, sometimes dorsally pubescent ... 16.
(Uhamovelsy One Se ee WEN (OE OU GMs Gupe do tooo Ono DiS ono) Gedna! Gio bo osb i aeons
WrMosils! Oi WOSA0 AVS 5 BMS le Si avokara bl ol sta lamer co 1540 Gl ald oho ator aus 18.
Stems in lower part and leaves densely covered with stiff hairs,
Cntinenpl amricaneS@ emt tier ae lilies sis) « 10. C. khorossanicum Czernjak.
Stems and leaves glabrous or subglabrous ..... 9. C.borodinii Alb.
71
99
ee Leaf lobes of the last order narrowly linear; leaflets of involucels
ovate, white-membraneous, the juvenile entirely covering umbellets;
OU eee nodicawllOeee 4 y dn Sueo weno ioe Slt 8. C.astrantiae Boiss. et Bal.
at Leaf lobes of the last order ovate; leaflets of involucels of different
shape and shorter than leaflets of umbellets; fruit 7-13mm long. .
2 Me gu MNEs ios foo atone» ce yaicaye noe 8 EROS ct ee eee ig).
19. Cauline leaves bi-quadripinnatisect; lobes of the last order poorly devel-
oped, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad basein lower part
bidentate: eas 4) 2.) + SONS AO Geis ve Me ee 1. C.aromaticum L.
+P Cauline leaves bi-quadripinnatisect; lobes of the last order devel-
oped, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad base in lower part
deeply pinnatisect or pinnatipartite, becoming less divided above,
with dentate or entire tip % =. 7; --. =.= = = % = 2. C.maculatum Willd.
20. Leaflets of involucels long-subulate, longer than umbellets; fruit
Ae ISViaa Tay CINE RENE ce CNV ol) 6 4 0% Sollee hor 2 ("6 ponieh c 6. C.roseum M.B.
a Leaflets of involucels as long as, sometimes shorter than umbels;
ewe, Gsj= (eeioaaay lo Gato ced Bio deeoM. S10 So clea 2 “ox 1. Co rubelilima: Adie
Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum K.-Fol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXIX (1915) 141.— Perennials, rarely annuals or biennials, tuberless; in
umbellets with many or few flowers.
Series 1. Aromatica K.-Pol. in Bot. Mat. Gerb.IV (1923) 189, emend. —
Perennials; umbels of 10-20 rays; petals white or purple, glabrous, leaf
lobes of the last order ovate.
1G aromaticum. Ui. Sp. pl. (1753))259; DC. Prodi. IV; 227 wiedion nile
Rosseligcose. shinalo Hl ie4Zos Grosso. bl. KavicwMl £207 nse cueielniess
aromatica Roehling, Deutschl. Flora (1796) 153; Wahl in Oken, Iris, XXI
(1826) 984.- Myrrhis aromatica Spreng. in Schult. Syst. Veg. VI
(1820) 509.— Selinum aromaticum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, FI.
Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 67.— Ic.: Jacq. Fl. Austr. Il, tab. 150 (1774);
Rehb. Pl. crit. VI, t. 514 (1828).— Exs.: G.R.F. No.2613; Fl. Finl. exs.
No. 305.
Perennial; rhizome thick, horizontal or ascending; stem erect, 50—
200cm high, branching, rather deeply furrowed when dry, nodes more or
less inflated, lower part covered like petioles with long (1-2 mm) stiff,
retrorse, whitish hairs sessile on tubercles, upper part subglabrous;
leaves gray-green, with short appressed sparse hairs above or subglabrous,
with short bristles along nerves below, twice or nearly thrice ternately
compound; lobes of the last order elliptic or obovate, 4-10cm long,
1.5—5cm wide, acuminate, thinly bidentate; lower leaves long-petioled,
upper leaves sessile on short sheaths with scarious margin often bearded
at base, less compound. Umbels of 12—20 smooth rays; involucre
obsolete or of 1 deciduous leaflet; leaflets of involucels 7—9, broadly
lanceolate, broadly scarious, long and thinly acuminate, with ciliate margin,
becoming reflexed; petals white, glabrous, obovate, 2-lobed for one-third;
fruits in each umbel few or single, cylindrical, 8-13mm long, ca. 3mm
u2
100
across, pale brown with dark longitudinal stripes; styles filiform, 2 to 3
times as long as the conical stylopodium; column 2-partite at tip. July,
Bigs eAucuisitie
Shrubby formations, alder stands, thinned-out forests, cliffs. — European
part: Kar.-Lap. (SO) Sad aUame esate Ue Dror UL Vie echo Vi arnaa
(W.), V.-Don, M. Dnp., Bl., Bes., U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med.,
Bal.-As. Min. (Balkans). Described from Europe. Type in London.
2. C.maculatum Willd. Enum. pl. Horti Berol. Suppl. (1816) 15; DC.
Prodr. IV (1830) 226; C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 364.— Ch. aureum
caucasicum Fisch. in Cat. Horti Gorenk. (1812) nom. nud.; Schult.
Syst. VI (1820) 512.- Myrrhis maculata Sweet, Hort. brit. ed.1 (1827)
189.— Ch. aureum a@ glabriusculum Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il (1844-1846)
352, non Koch.— Ch. aureum var. maculatum Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872)
906.— Ch. aureum subsp. maculatum Hand.-Mazz. in Annal. K.K.
Natur. Hofmus. Wien, XXIII (1909) 174.— Ch. aureum Schmalh., Fl. 1
(1895) 424, nonL.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,127.— Ch. ghilanicum Stapf
et Wettst. in Denkschr. Acad. Wien, LXI (1886) 54.— Ic.: Willd. Hort.
berol. II, t.107 (1816).
Perennial; root rather thick; stem solitary, erect, 50-150cm high,
branching, slightly furrowed, somewhat thickened below nodes, with stiff
retrorse hairs below, spreading-hairy or glabrous above, often with violet
spots; leaves triangular, more or less densely covered with semiapres-
sed hairs, tripinnatisect, their blade 10—20cm long and nearly as wide, the
petioles as long as blades or longer, gradually broadening to narrow,
oblong sheath; lower primary lobes on petiolules, the upper sessile, lobes
of the last order ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, with ciliate margin,
proximally deeply and irregularly dentate or pinnatisect. Umbels of 10—20
glabrous irregular rays, 3.5—-8 cm across, crowded in fruit; involucre
obsolete; umbellets 6-10mm across; leaflets of involucels 5—7, ovate or
lanceolate, acuminate, long-ciliate, reflexed in fruit; petals white, 2—2.5mm
long, the marginal hardly elongate; fruit oblong-linear, 8-12 mm long,
ca. 2mm thick; stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, to twice as
long as stylopodium. June—July, Fr. July—August.
Beech, hornbeam-beech, ash-maple, oak and mixed forests, forest edges. —
European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transc. Gen.
distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Caucasus:
Type was in Berlin.
Series 2. Hirsuta K.-Pol. l1.c.— Perennials; petals with ciliate
margin.
3. C.cicutaria Vill. Prosp. (1779) 26, non Rchb.— Ch. hirsutum
ledps ule OSs lies 3. anon eee Schima ton Epa ExcOsis pany bleak Mil,
125.— Ch. palustre @ glabrum Lam. Encycl. Meth.1 (1783) 683,
Ds |95— (Clee lami Solin wlioa ula, (CO win, eiig we) (Gaud.) Thell. in Hegi, III.
He wver2e hO2 6) POO Se 1G hiasahtine Susi ulmagavcur sa © teluteamq isan Gaidhasehae.
Helv. II (1818) 195.— Myrrhis cicutaria Spreng. Umbell. Prodr.
(1813) 29.— Selinum kochii E.H.l.Krause in Sturm-EL. Deutsichl.
73
ed. 2, XII (1904) 66.— Ic.: Coste, Fl. Franc. II, 222.— Exs.: G.R.F.
No. 2614.
101 Perennial; root long, its neck covered with dead petioles; stem erect
or ascending, 30—120cm high, thick, cylindrical, furrowed, shiny; leaves,
with exception of upper ones, long-petioled, broadly triangular, ternate,
pinnately compound, the lower primary lobes nearly as long as remaining
part of leaf, bristly-hairy, rarely subglabrous, the lower side often shiny.
Umbels of 10—20 glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1—2 deciduous leaflets;
involucels of 5—10 lanceolate, long-acuminate, irregular leaflets with
scarious ciliate margin, becoming reflexed; petals white, very rarely pink,
notched for */4 to '/3, with short inturned tip, margin more or less densely
ciliate; fruit oblong-linear, to 12mm long, ca. 2mm wide, nearly as long
as or longer than pedicel; ribs as wide as dark valleculae, stylopodium
conical; styles 2—3 times as long as stylopodium, divergent; carpophore
thickened above base, tapering at both ends, split for “3. June—July.
Boggy meadows, banks of streams and creeks in coniferous and alder
stands, in shady ravines.— European part: U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Med.,
Eur., Bal.-As. Min. (Balkans). Described from France. Type in Paris (2).
Series 3. Humilia K.-Pol. 1.c. emend.— Low alpine plant, with poorly
developed slightly leafy stem; petals white, glabrous.
4, C.humile Stev. in M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.III (1819) 240; DC. Prodr.
1V,22 (28 udb.eF le Rossel, 3523) Boiss. (Fltvorl ly 90%;, (Grosse eka ass
LOU Z5e Viney eichse hue his tschult Syst. veo sy (1820) 519.
Perennial; acaulescent or with short simple stems 2—25cm long; root
vertical, 0.8 cm thick; stems and peduncles numerous, procumbent or
ascending, with short, sparse pubescence or subglabrous, nearly always
densely soft-hairy below umbel; radical leaves oblong or ovate, bipinnati-
sect, the primary lobes on more or less long petiolules cut into oblong or
ovate acute lobules. Umbels of 4—7 rays 1.5—3cm across, the rays unequal,
more or less densely villous-hairy; involucre 0 or of single linear-oblong,
reflexed or spreading, villous-hairy leaflet; involucels of 6—7 ovate broadly
scarious leaflets with villous-ciliate margin, becoming reflexed below;
umbel rays glabrous or sparingly pubescent; petals white; fruit short-
cylindrical, 4—7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; ribs thickly filiform; stylopodium
102 conical; styles short, becoming recurved. June—July. (Plate VII, Figure 3.)
Glacial moraines, taluses in alpine zone, 2,500—3,500m.— Caucasus:
Cisc., Dag., E. and W.Transe. Endemic. Described from sources of the
Ksani River. Type in Leningrad.
5. C.kiapazi Woron. sp. n. in Addenda XV, 424.
Perennial; plant glabrous or with scattered hairs; root vertical or
ascending, 5mm thick; stems few or many, weak, ascending, 1—-30cm long,
sometimes reduced to single few-branched peduncle; radical and lower
cauline leaves long-petioled, oblong, bipinnatisect, with petiolular primary
lobes, lobules broadly linear, acute, 2-4mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm wide;
petioles broadened into oblong sheaths, sometimes with densely ciliate
margin; upper leaves smaller. Umbels on long (5—12 cm) peduncles,
74
2—3cm across, of 4—8 unequal, glabrous or remotely hairy rays, markedly
elongating in fruit; involucre 0 or of single scarious glabrous or villous-
obate-oblong leaflet; involucels of 5—7 ovate, broadly membranous acute
or obtuse, glabrous or ciliate. Sometimes dorsally villous reflexed leaf-
lets; petals white, hardly notched, with recurved tip inside notch; fruit
short-cylindrical, 6mm long and 1.5mm wide; stylopodium flat; styles
short, divergent; ribs thickly filiform. July. (Plate VII, Figure 1.)
Limestone taluses in alpine zone, 2,700—3,000m.— Caucasus: E.Transc.
(Kyapaz Mountain). Endemic. Described from Kyapaz Mountain. Type in
Leningrad.
Series 4. Rosea Schischk.— Low alpine perennials; leaf lobes of the last
order linear; petals pink or reddish.
6. C.roseum M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 234, var. 8B et yinclus.; Ldb.
Fl. Ross. 11, 352; Boiss. Fl. or.II, 906; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 424; Grossg., Fl.
Kank gull eo. 3 @ hes ten if od ium pStev.. ainvHonrina. Gen sUimbeliee ede tl
(1814) 180, ed. 2 (1816) 212,non Poir. (1816).— Ch. brachycarpum
M.B. in Hoffm. Umbell. II (1816) 212; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Suppl. (1819)
239.— Ch. millefolium DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 226; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II,
JOC EOISS Mle onl, I0%5. Grossc. Pl. aKavle. Wl, 12 oo) Viva hissy ose a
Spreng. in Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 519.- M. millefolia Spreng.
l.c. (1820).— Sphallerocarpus millefolius K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc.n.s. XXIX (1916) 202.— Chaerophyllum roseum var.
millefolium Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 424; Kozo-Pol. in Bot. mat. Gerb.
103 Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR, IV (1923) 173.— Ic.: Gartenfl. XXVI, tab. 915 (1877).
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.3-1cm thick; stem erect or
slightly curved at nodes, slightly branching above or sometimes from
middle, rarely simple, 20—70cm high, entirely glabrous or covered with
spreading or retrorse hairs below; petioles of radical and lower cauline
leaves longer than blades, the latter ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-9cm long,
2—5cm wide, glabrous or with short rigid hairs, tripinnatisect; primary
and secondary lobes on short petiolules, sometimes subsessile, lobes of
the last order linear or oblong-linear, sometimes narrowly linear or sub-
filiform (var. millefolium (DC.) Schmalh,), acute or obtuse, 2-5mm
long, ca. 0.6mm wide; petioles broadened to oblong, glabrous or ciliate
sheath with narrow scarious margin; upper leaves smaller, sessile on
sheath. Umbels of 7-11 smooth rays crowded in fruit; involucre 0 or
with 1 (or 2) ovate, apically linear, 1—-1.5 cm long, villous-hairy, usually
reflexed, rarely erect leaflets; involucels 5—6-leaved, one-sided; outer
leaflets (2—3) attenuate, ovate at base, irregular, margin with soft, long
hairs, 1b to 2 times as long as umbels, rarely equal; inner leaflets ovate,
much shorter than pedicels; petals pale or saturated pink, very rarely
white (var. albiflorum Schischk.), elongating, 2-lobed to middle; fruit
linear-oblong, 4.5—7mm long,ca. 2mm wide; stylopodium short-conical;
styles longer than stylopodium, later recurved. July.
Alpine and subalpine meadows, mountain slopes.— Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag., W. and. Transc., Endemic. Described from.Georgia.) Type in
Leningrad.
75
104
107
Note. C.roseum is extremely variable in all characters. The
leaf lobes of the last order are oblong or linear, sometimes subfiliform;
the stems and petioles are profusely pubescent with spreading or retrorse
hairs, glabrous or subglabrous; the petals are pink, pink-purple, rarely
white; the involucre is usually obsolete or 1—5 leaflets similar to those
of the involucels. It grows mainly along the Main Range very rarely in the
Lesser Caucasus or W. Transcaucasia. Most authors recognize two
species which in the absence of other characters depend on the nature of
the leaf lobe: C.millefolium DC. and C.roseum M.B. (DeCandolle,
Ledebour, Boissier, Grossgeim). But the dissection of the leaves seems to
depend on ecological factors. Plants with thin lobules Ge e.,C. mille-
folium DC.) do in fact occur throughout the distribution area of the
species. With Shmal'gauzen and Kozo-Polyanskii we recognize a single
Sspecies,C. roseum M.B.
7. -C..cubellum Alp, Prodr Fl. Coleh. (1895) 1053) Grosse. .Hly ekeivic.
Mt, 12 52—"€ hie ra be liu m'evare colehi cum (Lipsky in Dea Boteisadase aus
(1895) 274.- Ch. roseum var. rubellum K.-Pol in Bot. mat. Gerb.
Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR, IV (1923) 173. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 88.
Perennial; stem 25—60cm high, branching from base, glabrous or in
lower part sparingly pubescent like the leaves; radical and lower cauline
leaves long-petioled, ovate, bipinnatisect, primary lobes petioluled, ovate,
secondary lobes ovate, acute, acutely or obtusely toothed; 2—6mm long,
1.5—-2mm wide; median cauline leaves short-petioled, petiole inflated to
sheath — dissected into longer and narrower lobules; upper leaves sessile
on sheath, dissected into linear lobules. Umbels of 5-11 smooth rays
2—5em across; involucre 0 or of 1—6 linear irregular leaflets; involucels
multifoliate, leaflets lanceolate and lanceolate-subulate, villous-hairy,
shorter than umbels; petals intensively purple-red, glabrous, 1.5 mm long;
petals linear-oblong, 6.5—7.5mm long; stylopodium short-conical; styles
as long as or longer than stylopodium, erect at first, becoming recurved.
June—August, Fr. September. (Plate VII, Figure 2.)
Alpine and subalpine meadows, 2,800m.— Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), W.
Transc. Endemic. Described from NW Caucasus. Type in Geneva, cotype
in Leningrad.
Series 5. Involucrata Schischk.— Perennials; petals white; leaflets
of involucels ovate, longer or shorter than umbels.
8. C.astrantiae Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 906; Grossg.,
Blo icaivikes Ue antes
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 4-7mm thick; stems solitary
or few, upright, erect or slightly curved, 15—50cm high, glabrous, rarely
covered in lower part with retrorse stiff hairs, simple or with 1 branch
above; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, dilated to oblong
sheath, the blades triangular-oblong, 3 to 4 times pinnatisect, glabrous or
with short stiff hairs, with narrowly linear or subfiliform acute lobes of
the last order, 3-10mm long, 0.2-—0.4mm wide; upper leaves smaller,
sessile on elongated sheath. Umbels of 11—15, glabrous, slightly irregular
76
PLATE VII. 1- Chaerophyllum kiapazi Woron; 2—Ch.rubellum Alb.; 3— Ch.humile Stev.
77
108
rays, 2.5-5cm across; involucre 0 or of 1—2 oblong-ovate scarious leaf-
lets with ciliate margin, half as long as umbel rays; involucels of 6—7 ovate
or broadly ovate leaflets, scarious but for the midrib, with villous-ciliate
margin, as long as umbels, apex short-acuminate or tapering abruptly into
more or less long subulate tip; petals rounded, 4-59mm long; stylopodium
short-conical. July—August.
Subalpine and alpine meadows, thickets of Caucasian rhododendrons,
rarely in rocks.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Adzhar-Imeretian Range,
Karchkal Mountain, Sanislo Range, Trial Mountain). Gen. distr.: As. Min.
(Pontus Range). Described from Pontus Range (Dzhimil). Type in Geneva.
9. C.borodinii Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.II (1894) 451; Prodr. Fl.
Colch. (1895) 106; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 126.
Perennial; rhizome vertical or ascending; stems few, ascending at base,
geniculately bent at nodes, 20—50cm high, branching from base, stems and
leaves glabrous, sheaths foliate, with softly ciliate margin; radical and
lower cauline leaves commonly long-petioled, abruptly passing into oval
sheath with searious margins, leaves ovate-oblong, thrice pinnatisect, lobes
of the last order narrowly linear, 2—5mm long, 0.2-—0.5mm wide; upper
leaves sessile on sheath, with slightly filiform lobes. Umbels in flower
1.5—3cm across, of 3—4(5), irregularly glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of
1 ovate, early deciduous leaflet with ciliate-scarious margin; leaflets of
involucels ovate-lanceolate, with broadly scarious villous margin, becom-
ing recurved below; umbels with sterile and (1-4) fertile flowers; fruit
linear-oblong, 8-11mm long,ca. 2mm wide; ribs thickish, regular; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles several times as long as stylopodium, usually
recurved; mericarps concave inside; carpophore splitting into 2 above.
Fl. July, Fr. August-September. (Plate VI, Figure 1.)
Taluses and limestone rocks, 2,100—2,400m.— Caucasus: W.Transc.
(Bzyb Range, Gagry Range, etc.). Endemic. Described from Fisht
Mountain. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
10. C. khorossanicum Czernjak. sp. nova in Addenda XV, 424.
Perennial; root thick,ca. l1cm,vertical; stems few, erect or ascending,
30—80cm high, branching from base, densely covered with short hairs
below with longer retrorse bristles, scattered-hairy above or subglabrous;
radical leaves long-petioled, broadened at base to oblong sheath, triangular -
ovate, 7-12cm long, 2—6cm wide, thrice pinnatisect, primary lobes
petioluled, the secondary sessile, pinnatisect into short pinnatifid lobules,
densely covered with gray hairs; cauline leaves few, similar to radical,
but smaller. Umbels with beard of hairs at base, the 3—5 rays irregular,
scattered-hairy; involucre 0; umbels 15-flowered, with fertile and sterile
flowers; involucels of 5—7 ovate, acuminate, short-hairy leaflets, with
scarious margin; shorter than umbels; petals white, notched, with inward
curved tip, hairy outside; fruit cylindrical, 9-11mm long, ca. 1mm across;
ribs thickly filiform; stylopodium conical; styles straight, divergent,
twice as long as stylopodium. May—June.
Mountain slopes, 2,300m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.:
Iran. Described from Iran (Khorasad). Type in Leningrad.
78
Series 7. Temula Schischk.— Annuals or biennials with hairy umbel
rays.
11. C.temulum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 258; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 351; Boiss.
Fl. or. II, 903; Schmal'g., Fl.1, 423; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, Mae) — (Cha
Ammann Ib, Mann, 0 (IBD) Sse, aoa Ib, GU7s)p= Clare ero lianas bios Ir
Fl. suec. (1755) 94.- Ch. geniculatum Gilib. Fl. lithuan. I (1782)
29.— Scandix temula Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.I (1788) 1222,- S. nutans
Moench, Meth. (1794) 101.- Myrrhis temula All. Fl. Pedem. II (1772)
29; Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 29.— Polgidon temulum Raf.
Good Book (1840) 53.— Bellia temulenta Bubani, Fl. Pyren. I (1900)
412.— Selinum temulum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2,
XII (1904) 63.— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. Il (1907) 425, — Exs.: G.R. F.
No. 216.
Annual or biennial; root fusiform, whitish; stem 40—80cm high, erect,
cylindrical, slightly furrowed when dry, somewhat inflated at nodes, usually
with violet or dirty-reddish spots, rather long retrorse stiff hairs below,
shortly and thinly appressed-bristly above, with spreading soft hairs;
leaves 2 or 3 times pinnatifid, the lowermost petioled, the upper sessile on
109 dilated sheaths and less dissected, covered with short hairs; lobes of first
order ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse; lobes of last order broadly ovate,
obtuse, slightly crenate, with short mucro. Umbels long-pediceled, of 6—12
scabrous bristly rays; involucre 0 or 1—2-leaved; involucels of 5-8
broadly lanceolate acuminate leaflets, with narrow scarious ciliate margin,
slightly connate, sometimes leaflets 2-lobed; flowers polygamous; petals
white, rarely reddish or yellowish, 2-lobed up to middle, the outer petals
larger; fruit oblong, 5—-7mm long,ca. 1.5mm across, ripe fruit yellowish;
pedicels half the length of the fruit, thickish; styles divergent, nearly as
long as conical stylopodium; carpophore split into two for short distance.
Light forests and groves, shrubby formations, river banks and streams,
weedy habitats. —- European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., Balt.,
U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Kama, U. Dns., Bes., Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus:
Cisc., W. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur. to S. Sweden, Balkans.
Described from Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. A poisonous plant, containing khellin, a poison
to which horses are the most sensitive, cattle and swine less so. Mixed
with parsley it may seriously harm even a healthy man.
Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) Schischk. comb. nov. —
Golenkiniante K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'ev. Bot. Sada, XV (1914) 107, gen. —
Perennials without tubers; only central flower of umbel fertile.
12. C.macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey. ex Hohen. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 327; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 351; Boiss. Fl. or. I, 905.—
Ch. gilanicum Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Ill (1932) 126, non Stapf et Wettst. in
Denkschr. Acad. Wien, LXI (1886) 54.— Scandix gilanica S.G.Gmel.
Reise durch Russland, III (1774) 304.— S. macrosperma Willd. ex
Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 507.- Myrrhis gilanica Schult. Syst. VI (1820)
520.— M.clavata Spreng. Syst. veg.I (1825) 903.- Grammo-
sciadium meoides DC. Coll. Mem. V (GZS) Bsis Wes Iryeohen WW?
79
233.— Golenkinianthe macrosperma K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot.
Zhurn. (1915) 14.— G. gilanica K.-Pol./in Fl. Az. Ross XV (1920) 43. —
les Gmel. Ic. tab. Sox, f..2.— Exs.: E. cinteniswlter teanscasp.. perce
TACO Sh OR eNe. W22e
Perennial; stem 80—-100cm tall, bearing obliquely antrorse branches
110 nearly from base with stiff retrorse hairs below, glabrous above; radical
leaves broadly ovate, ca. 40cm long, 25cm wide, 3 times pinnatisect, with
oblong or ovate pinnatifid or dentate lobules covered with whitish spreading
bristles, the petioles passing into long oblong sheath with scarious margins;
cauline leaves similar but smaller. Umbels in flower 1.2-—2cm across, of
5-10 ribbed glabrous rays; involucre 0; involucels of 7—8 ovate-lanceolate
acute leaflets with scarious short-ciliate margin, becoming recurved;
central flower of umbel bisexual, on short, subsequently thickening pedicel,
remaining 7—8 flowers sterile (staminate); petals white, hardly notched;
fruit cylindrical, with thick filiform ribs, 15-17mm long, ca. 2mm thick;
stylopodium short-conical; styles long, erect, becoming recurved. July.
Herbaceous mountain slopes, 1,500—1,600m, and along banks of mountain
streams.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Karabakh, Nakhichevan ASSR, etc.);
Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Masinev). Gen. distr.: Arm.-
Kurd., Iran. Described from Armenia. Type (was) in Berlin.
Subgenus 3. Buniomorfa K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX
(1915) 142.— Plants with tuberiform underground part, cotyledons con-
crescent into long tube. Most flowers produce fruit. Biennials.
Series 1. Angelicifolia K.-Pol. l.c. (1923). — Lower and median leaves
biternate or pinnatifid dentate.
13. G. angelicifollum M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 240; DC. Prodr.IV,
227;) lido. (EL. Rossi. 11,353; (Grosse. Fle Kavk.Ul,126,.— @€h. Washo
la enum sBoiss..et Bale exiBoiscs., Mi. osiin(ler2) 9032— Gh aor tes tylum
Trautv.,in Tr. Bot, Sada, ll, 2 (era)i27385 Oh. sili clolia diijcleyaim
Tr. Bot. Sada XIV (1898) 273, var. minor Lipsky incl.— Myrrhis
angelicaefolia Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 509.— Exs.: Pl. cauc. exs.
No. 40.
Biennial; root tuberiform; stem 40—60(80)cm high branching, glabrous,
slightly inflated below nodes, the lower part covered with stiff retrorse
hairs, the upper with horizontally spreading hairs; lower leaves tri-
angular, 2 to 3 times pinnatisect, on long spreading-ciliate or glabrous
petioles dilated into amplexicaul sheath; lobes of the last order large,
ovate-oblong or ovate, 2-7cm long, 1-3cm wide, petioluled, dentate-
111 serrate, truncate or rounded or cuneate at base; lobes of upper leaves
smaller, sublinear; uppermost leaves sometimes dissected into long
linear lobes. Umbels of 10-15 thin divergent glabrous rays, 3—-4cm long;
involucre 0; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate leaflets, long-attenuate, 5—7mm
long, white-scarious leaflets with ciliate margin, becoming reflexed; petals
white (the peripheral ones slightly elongate to 1.5mm); fruit elongate-
ovate or sublinear, 5-7mm long, ca. 1mm wide; carpophore splitting at
80
w12
tip; stylopodium yellowish, conical; styles usually twice as long as stylo-
podium, erect, somewhat divergent. May—July. (Plate VI, Figure 3.)
Beech, wingnut and hornbeam forests, shrubby thickets to 1,800m. —
Caucasus: W. and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range).
Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad.
14. C.meyeri Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII
GiséO) 03s Boiss wk lor. 11,7902-\Grosse. hla Kavk lll 1245 —"€ hy.
angelicaefolium C.A.M.Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 130, non M.B.
Biennial; root tuberiform; stems 20—60cm high, thin, few-branched,
slightly inflated below nodes, entire plant, especially petioles, covered with
spreading hairs; lower and median leaves on petioles shorter than blades,
thrice pinnatisect with primary and secondary lobes on petiolules, the
latter ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse, incised-dentate, 2—4.5cm long, 1.5—
3.5cem wide. Umbels of 9-17 smooth thin rays; involucre 0 or of 1 linear-
oblong leaflet; leaflets of involucels ovate, with long mucro, glabrous with
membranous margin, becoming reflexed, shorter than pedicels; petals
white, deeply notched, the peripheral slightly elongate to 2mm long; fruit
cylindrical, 8—9 mm long, with filiform ribs; stylopodium short-conical;
styles straight, divergent, 2 to 3 times as long as stylopodium. May—June.
Mountain forests, 900—1,200m.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran.
Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad.
15. C. confusum Woron. ex Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 124 and in Tr.
Bot. Inst. ANSSSR, ser. 1, ed. 1 (1933) 218.
Biennial; stems 30—80cm high, branching from base, covered below
with appressed retrorse bristles, glabrous above, leaves twice pinnatisect,
primary lobes ovate, acute, auriculately broadened on outer side or more
or less deeply and irregularly 2-lobed, incised-dentate; petioles and dilated
sheath bristly along margins. Umbels 3—6cm across, of 10—15 thin,
smooth rays; involucre 0; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate leaflets, with
broadly membranous long-dissected margins and thin, distinctly acuminate
apex; petals red, notched for ‘fg to =I, with short tip curved inwards; fruit
cylindrical, 5mm long, ca. 1mm wide, with thickly filiform ribs; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles as long as or slightly longer than stylopodium,
divergent. June-July. (Plate VI, Figure 2.)
Subalpine meadows, 1,600—2,700m.— Caucasus: Main Range, W. Transc.
(Adzhar-Imeretian Range). Endemic. Described from alpine meadows
(Biyuk-pikal'). Type in Leningrad.
Note. Fruiting specimens of this species are easily confused with
Grranreieiicwwolmcuma Nia Be in Setit eG nc Om sium NVoron-) Canyoe
distinguished from C.angelicifolium as follows: the latter species
bears 1—6 fruits per umbel, as many flowers do not bear fruit, while in the
former species all, or nearly all (20-30) flowers are fertile. Also in
C.confusum the styles are as long as or slightly longer than the stylo-
podium; inC.angelicifolium they are twice as long.
16. C.temuloides Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. III, II (1844) 64; Boiss.
Hyori 903; “Grosise., Ml Kavicwl, Zi.
Biennial; root tuberiform; stem solitary, 30-—40cm high, erect, simple,
covered below with retrorse stiff hairs, glabrous above; radical and lower
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113
cauline leaves with long-petiole, passing into oblong sheath bearing thin
bristly hairs; blades triangular, twice-thrice pinnatisect with primary lobes on
petiolules with short stiff hairs, lobes of the last order oblong or ovate,
incised-bidentate; upper leaves smaller and less dissected, sessile on
short sheath. Umbels ca. 5cm across, of 10 glabrous irregular rays;
involucre 0; leaflets of involucels 5—7, ovate-lanceolate, with scarious, cil-
iate margins; petals white, 2-lobed for nearly half their length, with short
tip curved inwards; fruit linear-oblong or linear; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. June.
Reported for the Caucasus: E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran (N.), Arm.-
Kurd. Described from N.Iran. Type in Geneva.
Series 2. Crinita Schischk.— Peripheral petals much elongated (to 4mm);
leaflets of involucels covered with soft hairs.
17. C.crinitum Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér.III, II (1844) 63; Boiss. Fl.
or.lI, 904; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.II, 127.
Biennial; root globular-tuberiform; stem 25—50cm high, erect, branch-
ing in upper half, sometimes slightly curved at nodes, densely covered in
lower part with retrorse hairs, glabrous or with scattered long hairs above;
radical and lower cauline leaves early withering, their more or less long
petioles passing into an oblong-elongate, pubescent or glabrous sheath with
scarious margins; blades triangular-ovate, thrice pinnatisect, covered with
stiff hairs; lobes of the last order linear, 2-5 mm long. 0.4—0.7 mm wide,
acute; median and upper leaves sessile on elongated sheath, 4-8 cm long,
3—5cm wide; uppermost leaves smaller, with narrower and longer lobules.
Umbels 3—9cm across, of 7-12 smooth rays, these spreading in flower,
clustered in fruit; involucre 0 or of 1 oblong leaflet with scarious margin;
involucels 5—7-leaved, leaflets with scarious margins or nearly scarious
throughout, ovate or broadly ovate, soft-hairy, abruptly tapering into sub-
ulate mucro, as long as umbels, appressed to rays at beginning of anthesis,
becoming reflexed; petals white, the peripheral much elongated
(to 4mm), deeply 2-lobed; fruit cylindrical, to 10mm long, ca. 1mm thick;
stylopodium short-conical; styles erect, slightly longer than stylopodium,
becoming divergent. May—June.
Stony and herbaceous slopes and taluses, to 1,500m.— Caucasus:
S.Transe. Gen. distr.: As. Min.,Iran. Described from Savalan Range in
Iran, and from Cappadocia. Type in Geneva.
Series 3. Bulbosa K.-Pol. l.c. (1923).— Peripheral petals not elongated
or slightly elongated (to 2mm); leaflets of involucels glabrous, rarely with
few obscure bristles.
18. C.bulbosum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 370; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 356: Schmal'g.,
B1.1,.423;5 K.-Pol. in Wl. AzgegRoss.41;, Kryl., le Gaps Sib. Vilia2d2oea
Ch. rapaceum Alef. Landw. Flora (1866) 163.— Ch. neg Lect vam
Zing. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. LVL, (1881) 312,— Ch. budisjiogum
var. typicum Lindem. Fl. Cherson.I (1881) 263.— Ch. bulbosum
82
114
1105)
ai nlovamalle Kuntze in’ Tré Bots sada, x\(lee7) 191 — sicandix
bulbosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.1 (1778) 123.— Myrrhis tuberosa
Jundz. Opis. rosl. Litew. (1791) 118.— M. bulbosa Spreng. Umbell.
Prodr. (1813) 29, nec All.— Polgidon bulbosum Raf. Good Book
(1840) 53.— Selinum bulbosum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutchl.
ed. 2, XII (1904) 62.— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub.II, 425; Rchb. ie, Jal,
Germ. XXI, tab. 2017.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 1B,
Perennial; stem erect, 30—180cm high, branching, hollow inside, ovoid or
subglobular, with tuberiform thickening at base,.covered with long white
retrorse bristles and bearing violet spots below, glabrous in upper part,
often more or less inflated below nodes; leaves broadly triangular, the
lower on long (10-20 cm) hairy petioles, tripinnate, with pinnatipartite
terminal lobes; blades bright green, 15—-30cm long and nearly as wide,
often covered below, mostly along nerves, with sparse long hairs; upper
leaves subsessile, with long sheaths and narrow linear-oblong or linear
leaflets, 2-10mm long, 1—2mm wide. Umbels 3—7cm across, of 8—15(20)
irregular glabrous rays; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels usually one-
sided, of 3—5 acuminate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, irregular leaflets,
the scarious margin glabrous or furnished with sparse bristles; petals
white, glabrous, very rarely hairy outside along midrib, rounded- obovate,
2-lobed nearly up to middle, tapering abruptly at base, the peripheral petals
not elongated; fruit linear-oblong, 4-6mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide, with broad,
nearly flat stylopodium, the divergent styles usually recurved below, as long
as stylopodium. June—July.
Shrubby formations, forest edges, fallow lands, cereal crops.— European
part: Wad-—-llm.,; U- V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., L. V. (rarely), I.. Don (N.),
Bl., Crim., Bes., U. Dns.; Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Uil
River). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (N. Balkans, introduced into N.Am.).
Described from Alsace, Hungary, Switzerland. Type in London.
Economic importance. The roots of this species contain from 12 to 25%
nitrogen-free extractable substances (including 19.81% starch and 1.8%
sugar), 2.6—4.6% nitrogenous substances, 0.2—0.4% fat, 66% water and
1.5% ash. The roots are eaten boiled, or fried in butter, and are sometimes
added to soups.
19. C.caucasicum (Fisch.) Schischk. comb. n.— Ch. bulbosum
caucasicum Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. ed. 1 (1809) 45 nom. nud. —
Ch. bulbosum var. caucasicum Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed. 1 (1814) 35. —
Ch. bulbosum var. brachycarpum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada. XIV
(1898) 272.— Ch. bulbosum Boiss. Fl. or. II, 904, quoad pl. cauc. pro
max. parte; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 124, pro max. parte.
Biennial; root tuberiform, thickened, ovoid or broadly ovoid; stem
solitary, branching from middle, densely covered in lower half with spreading
and retrorse stiff white bristles, glabrous in upper joeuer, DO ils 0 Cian high;
lower leaves early withering, triangularly and broadly ovate, their petioles
abruptly broadening into an amplexicaul glabrous sheath with scarious
margin, "ls the length of the blades, these 15cm long and nearly as wide,
thrice pinnatisect; primary and secondary lobes on bristly-hairy
petiolules, with bristles beneath along midrib, lobes of the last order
sessile or on very short periolules, ovate, incised into obtuse oblong-ovate
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116
teeth; median cauline leaves sessile on broadened sheath, the upper with
reduced sheaths and abortive blade, divided into linear lobes. Umbels 5—
6cm across, of 9-11 glabrous irregular rays; involucre 0; umbellets
1—1.5cm across, with irregular pedicels; involucels of 3—5 ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate leaflets with broadly scarious margins, sometimes purple,
glabrous or with few cilia, becoming reflexed; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals white, the peripheral elongated to 2mm, broadly ovate, with rounded
apex; fruit cylindrical, 4-5mm long, 1—1.5mm across; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved below, slightly longer than stylopodium; ribs
pale yellow-green; valleculae narrow, dark orange. May—June.
Stony and herbaceous slopes, gardens, 900—1,600m.— Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag e 2 pais (Novorossiisk vicinity) ands awlucansics Gene iGillsitsrcesmlegciae
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Used as food, like the preceding species.
Chemical composition not studied.
20. C.bobrovii Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XV, 425.
Perennial; tuber globose or oblong-globose, 1—1.5cm in diameter;
stem solitary, ca. 40—60 cm high, erect, cylindrical, densely covered below with
retrorse white 2mm long bristles, slightly branching; radical and lower
cauline leaves early withering, their long petioles gradually passing into
oblong-lanceolate sheath; median cauline leaves with tripinnate blades, on
short petioles abruptly passing into dilated sheath; primary lobes
petioluled, secondary lobes on short petiolules or subsessile, deeply pinnati-
fid into ovate lobules 7-10mm long, 3-5mm wide; upper leaves ternate-
compound, sessile on short dilated sheath, terminal lobes ovate or oblong,
0.5—1.5cm long, 2-5mm wide, obtuse. Terminal umbels unknown, lateral
umbels of 5—7 glabrous irregular rays; involucre 0; umbellets 8—10-
flowered, withering, often only 1—4 flowers in umbellet fertile;
involucels of 5 straight lanceolate-linear glabrous leaflets with narrow
scarious margins; petals white,ca. 1mm long; fruit oblong-cylindrical,
dmm long, 1—1.5mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles longer than
stylopodium, recurved, spreading; mericarps with 5 thick ribs and dark-
colored valleculae. June.
In Juglans regia forest, 1,760m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (SE
of Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Por-dere Gorge. Type in
Leningrad.
Note. A very distinct species, unfortunately represented by only a few
specimens, with stems gnawed off. The recurved styles are reminiscent
or C, lwllboosuma lb, amc C.,. CAUCASi Guim (Fisch.) Schischk., from
which it differs sharply by the wide leaf lobes and few fertile flowers per
umbel. From C.meyeri it is clearly distinguished by the recurved
Styles.
2 Cer OEE SC OL bias) Gru tao Glirgep NVI (1830) 225; Fisch., Mey et Lall. in Ind.
sem. Hort. Petrop.1X (1843) 66; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 350; Shmal'g., Fl. I,
424) Ki. Poll. ins Az. aRoss.. 5V 4034 Grosse. iy Wave ea ekeiayglee
Ei. Zap. Sib. VIM; 2028,— Ch. bulbosum LEdb. Fl. allt, 360; non >
Che rapac eum preset ty Alief. land. eal. (1866) Gdu— © lam
bulbosum var. prescottii Lindem. Fl. Cherson.I (1881) 263.—
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117
Ch. bulbosum var. hirsutissimum Kuntze in Tr. Bot. Sada, X
(1887) 191.— Anthriscus prescottii Veesenm. in Beitr. zur Pflanzk.
d. Russ. Reich. IX (1854) 84.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. Evrop. ch. SSSR, V,
Fig.509.— Exs.: G.R.F. No.215; Fellman, Pl. arct. exs. No. WIS)
Biennial with tuberous root, recalling carrots in taste; stem 50—
180cm high, furrowed, red-speckled, more brightly so in lower part, covered
with white recurved bristly hairs below, with sparse hairs or glabrous
above; lower leaves tripinnate, triangular, their long petioles covered with
soft or setiform hairs; blades 10—25cm long and as wide, tripinnate;
primary, secondary and some tertiary lobes petioluled; tertiary lobes
deeply pinnatisect into lanceolate lobules; upper leaves smaller, less
compound-dissected, sessile on dilated sheaths with linear or subfiliform
lobules. Umbels 3—8cm across, of 12—20 glabrous rays; involucre 0;
involucels of 5-10 glabrous lanceolate or ovate leaflets tapering into mucro;
petals white, all regular or the peripheral slightly enlarged; fruit linear-
oblong, 6—-9mm long, 1—1.5mm thick; stylopodium conical; styles straight,
slightly divergent. Fl. June—July, Fr. August.
Shrubs, herbaceous slopes, forest edges, as a weed at edges of fields,
among winter and spring crops, along railroad beds.— Arctic: Arc. EUs
European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm. (rare), V.-Kama, We Was
V.-Don, M. Dnp., Bl., L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (very rare);
W. Siberia: Ob, U.Tob.,Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Minusinsk
District); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Dzu.-Kash.
Described from Altai. Type in Geneva.
Economic importance. The roots of this species contain up to I 340
starch. The young stems and roots are eaten raw, after removal of the
skin; leaves and young stems are added to cabbage soup and salads.
C.prescottii is a common weed of spring and winter crops, especially
rye and millet. Its seeds are scattered with those of the crop, from which
they are not readily separated, as the mericarps of Chaer ophyllum
are similar in length to the seeds of some crops (Cx genaye) pam arce full
cleaning of seeds and regular weeding out will provide effective control.
Undescribed species.
Chaerophyllum biebersteinii Lag. ex Sweet (Hort. Brit. ed.1
(1822) 190) is known only by name.
Genus 948. KRASNOVIA * M. Pop.
M. Pop. in Addenda XV, 591
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, the peri-
pheral slightly elongate, notched lobule in notch curved inward; fruit
ovoid- oblong, abruptly tapering, shiny, mericarps obtusely pentagonal in
cross section, with 5 protruding main ribs (crenulate in young fruits),
valleculae broad with 1 canal, black on the outside, shiny, slightly tuberculate;
stylopodium flat-conical; styles recurved below, 3 times as long as stylo-
podium. Perennial herbs, with tubers buried in ground, stem slightly
stiff-hairy; leaves 2—3 times pinnatisect.
* Named in honor of the noted botanist and geographer, Prof. A.N.Krasnov (1862-1914).
85
118
i aL’)
Monotypic genus, Tarbagatai Range, Dzungarian Ala-Tau, Tien Shan and
adjacent mountains in Sinkiang.
1. K.longiloba (Kar. et Kir.) M. Pop., Fl. Almaat. Zapov. (1940) 34,
nom.— sphallerocarpus lTonmeilobus Kars eb Ki. do Bulle sme eee
Mose. XIV (1841) 432. — Chaerop hy) lum “spinal ei o1cra) iia eaneee ree
et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 307; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 350. —
Ch. longilobum B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedchenko, Perech. rast.
Turkest. III (1909) 20.—- Conopodium Fore 1 Vo bulma Ke SP olleraa sera
Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 206.
Perennial; tuber globular, 1.5cm across, usually buried; stem solitary,
50—70cm high, branching or simple above, angularly ribbed, covered with
rather long, soft, retrorse, straight hairs, rarely subglabrous; radical and
lower cauline leaves early withering, rather long-petioled, gradually dilated to
sheath, blades triangular, nearly tripinnatisect, 7-8 cm long, 4.5cm wide;
terminal lobes linear-oblong, 3-—6mm long, 0.5—1.6mm wide, acute; cauline
leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 3—4cm across, of 5-8
smooth, irregular rays; involucre 0 or of 1—2 caducous leaflets; umbellets
many-flowered, ca. 1cmincross section; involucel of 5 lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, subentire, scarious leaflets with glabrous margin, erect,
becoming reflexed; petals white, obovate, notched, lobule in notch curved
inwards, marginal petals slightly elongated,to 1.5mm; fruit ovoid-oblong,
3—4mm long, ca. 1.5mm across, tapering black, shiny, irregularly tuber-
culate, with protruding ribs; stylopodium flat-conical; styles recurved
below, 3 times as long as stylopodium. May—June. (Plate XV, Figure 1.)
furty rocks and herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzul- Vago ese
Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from Tarbagatai Range (Dzhanbyk River).
Type in Leningrad.
Genus 949. SPHALLEROCARPUS * Bess.
Bess. ex DC. Mém. Ombellif. (1829) 60; DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 230
Calyx teeth conspicuous, subulate; petals white, obovate-cuneate, notched
with inward curved lobule, peripheral petals of umbellet elongated; fruit
elliptic-oblong, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium short-urceolate,
dentate; styles short, recurved below; mericarps with 5 protruding flexuose
ribs; valleculae with 2—3 canals, 4-6 canals at commissure; carpophore
2-partite, albumen at commissure notched. Biennial plants, with twice-
thrice pinnate leaves.
Monotypic genus, E. Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia and China.
1. S.gracilis (Bess.) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX
(1915) 202; Litv. in Spiske rast. gerb. Russk. fl. VIII (1922) 124.—
S.cyminum Bess. in DC. Mém. Ombell. (1829) GO DCs cocci
(1830) 230; Ldb. Fl. ross.II, 354; Turez. Fl. baic.-dah.1, 511; Kom., Fl.
Menvehizhw iii) Lats @ihaienso p hy 11 taal vey manna ePaisehe ita Gaal seine
* From the Greek sphalleros — deceptive, carpon — fruit.
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120
Horti Vratisl. a. 1821 (nom. nud.).— Chaer ophyllum gracile Bess.
ex Trevir. in Acta Acad. Carol. Nat. curios. XIII, 1 (1826) 172.—
Myrrhis gracilis Spreng. Syst. veg. IV, 2 (1827) 120.— Cono-
podium cyminum Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl.I (1867) 896.—1Ic.: DC. in
Mém. Ombell. (1829), pl. Il, f.N.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2648.
Biennial; root vertical, thin; stem 50—120cm high, branching, cylindrical,
finely ribbed, covered with spreading stiff hairs below, glabrous or sub-
glabrous above; radical leaves early withering; cauline leaves densely
covered with short spreading hairs, especially along nerves, with ciliate
margin, the petioles "a the length of the blade, sheath broadly triangular,
main petiole densely pubescent beneath, sparsely pubescent above; leaves
in general broadly ovate, 3 or nearly 4 times pinnatisect; segments of the
second order ovate-lanceolate, short-petioled, of the third order ovate, the
lower dissected into linear-lanceolate acute lobes, sometimes with scattered
stiff hairs along nerves. Umbels terminating stem and branches of 8—10
irregular glabrous rays; general involucre 0 or of 1—3 caducous, ovate
leaflets with ciliate margin; umbellets of 15-25 rays; involucels of 5
reflexed broadly scarious leaflets with long-soft ciliate margin; petals
white, 1.5mm long, deeply notched; fruit ovoid, 5-6mm long,ca. 3mm wide,
with 5 rather thick, protruding, flexuose ribs. Fl. July, Fr. August.
(Plate XV, Figure 2.)
Kitchen gardens, around dwellings, roadsides, ravines, fences, crops and
weedy places.— E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (up to Krasnoyarsk in the west),
Dau., Lena-Kol. (Yakutsk, Amga near Yakutsk); Par Hast: Ze.-Bu., Uss,
Okh., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Mongolia, Jap.-Ch. Described from a plant
grown in the Bratislava Botanical Garden from seeds obtained from Besser,
but locality of seeds not indicated. Type in Geneva.
Genus 950. GRAMMOSCIADIUM * DC.
DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 62
Calyx-teeth subulate, hardening in fruit; petals white; fruit narrowly
cylindrical, on thickened pedicels; mericarps with regular 5 protruding
ribs; valleculae narrow, with 1 canal; albumen nearly flat. Perennial
herbs, with twice pinnatisect leaves with thinly subulate terminal lobules
and pinnatisect involucre.
Six species in the southern Transcaucasia, Turkish Armenia and Iran.
1. G.daucoides DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 62; DC. Prodr.IV, 233; Ldb.
Hip SOss. esas Sboiss. El O71. Il 899s eGrossp., Fle kway iil toy —
Clas ZO Vents ae Boss. lil Annes SC. snatemser. Lil. (1844) 67.— G.aucheri
Grosse.,ibid Illy i28;non Boiss.— Prionitis daucoides K.-Pol. in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 140.-— Falcaria daucoides
K.-Pol. l.c. (1915).— Ic.: DC. Mém. V (1829) tab. 2,f.K.; Koz.-Pol. in
Russk. Bot. zhurn.1—2 (1915) tabl. on p. 16, fig. 1—5 (fruit).
* From the Greek gramma — stripe, line, scias — umbrella, presumably referring to the linear-subulate
lobes of the involucre.
87
PLATE VII. 1 — Grammosciadium daucoides DC; 2— Caropodium armenum (Bordz.)
Schischk.
88
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical or ascending, 0.4—-0.8cm
thick, root collar covered with dead leaves; stem erect, 30—50cm high,
cylindrical, thiny ribbed, branching from middle or sometimes nearly from
base; radical leaves with petioles nearly as long or longer than blade
passing into oblong sheath, with petioles 8—15cm long, 1—2cm wide, oblong-
linear, twice pinnatisect, the terminal lobes thinly subulate, mucronate,
3—7mm long; upper cauline leaves sessile, their lobes often longer, to
10-—15cm. Umbels 2.5—5cm across, in fruit to 10 cm, of 5—9 smooth rays;
involucre multifoliate, of pinnatisect leaflets with subulate lobes; umbellets
ca. 1cm across, with glabrous rays; involucels of 5—7 pinnate, ternate or
entire leaflets, shorter than pedicels, reflexed; calyx-teeth subulate, ca.
0.5mm long, persistent; petals white,to 1.5mm long; fruit cylindrical,
9-10mm long,ca. 1.5mm across, with regular protruding ribs; pedicels
thickened in fruit, fe" the length of the fruit. June. (Plate VIII, Figure 1,
Plate XV, Figure 3.)
Southern slopes.— Caucasus: S. (?) and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-
Kurd. Described from Tournefort's collections from Armenia. Type in
Geneva.
Genus 951. CAROPODIUM* Stapf et Wettst.
Stapf et Wettst. Die botan. Ergebnisse d. Polak'schen Expedition nach Persien II (1886) 49.— Steno-
diptera K.-Pol. in Trud. Bot. sada Yur'evsk. Univ. XV,1 (1914) 21; Russkii Bot. zhurnal, Nos.1—2 (1915) 12
Calyx-teeth conspicuous; petals white, obovate-cordate, with inward
curved tip. Fruit oblong-linear, with filiform dorsal and winged lateral
ribs; stylopodium short-conical, with crenate bordered margin; carpo-
phore 2-fid; wings of mericarps tightly contiguous; canals solitary under
valleculae, 2 at commissure; fascicles of sclerenchymatous fibers along
dorsal ribs and outside of vittas (under valleculae); endosperm slightly
concave. Perennial glabrous herbs, with linear-setiform leaf lobes.
Five species, in Transcaucasia, Near Asia and Iran.
lo liseute QallOcoarem Wore awalayersi Gey Waaaram AICI Sols 56 Geolehe Sto oS OPS Se
53 ark la Dhaai tna rat « IRE eg aN a 1. C.armenum (Bordz.) Schischk.
ats NO WH sicavan oa, Vials) Czas WoaiamadnClen a O56 Go 6 bo 5 ols 6 6G
RR ee eke ee te chee 2. C.platycarpum Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk.
1. C.armenum (Bordz.) Schischk. in Botan. Mater. gerb. Glavn. Bot.
sada, IV (1923) 30; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 128.— Stenodiptera
armena Bordz. in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestv. XXV, 1 (1915) 96.—
S.haussknechtii K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. zhurn. 1—2 (1915) 13; Vestn.
Russkoi flory, II, 2 (1916) 97,non Grammosciadium haussknechtii
Boiss — Gaaanm mols Cia) di uli arene nual SRPordzZa lc. eIc..8 Bondzilov-
Sis TOP an Climo Onl On
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root collar covered with remnants of
leaves; stem 30—40cm tall, erect, thinly ribbed, branching above, leaves
* From the Greek karon — caraway, pous (genitive — podos) — foot.
89
124
125
linear-oblong, 5—6cm long, 1—1.2cm wide, sessile on sheaths, nearly thrice
pinnatisect, lobes of the first order broadly ovate or rounded, lobules of the
last order linear-setiform, with whitish mucro; upper leaves smaller and
less compound. Umbels 4—6cm across, of 7-12 smooth irregular rays;
involucre of 3—5 entire pinnatisect or 3-partite leaflets with linear-sub-
ulate lobes; leaflets of involucels 2—3-partite or entire, setiform; calyx-
teeth very conspicuous, elongating after flowering; petals white, obcordate,
with inward curved tip, peripheral petals elongated to 4mm, 2-lobed;
fruiting pedicels thickened; fruit oblong-linear, 9-10mm long, 2.5—3.5mm
across, with obtuse subfiliform dorsal and broadly winged lateral ribs, wings
0.75—-1.25mm wide; stylopodium short-conical. June—July. (Plate VIII,
Figure 2.)
Dry slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Endemic. Described from Saganluk«
Range. Type in Kiev (?). |
2. C.platycarpum (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb.
Glavn. Bot. Sada, 1V (1923) 30; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 129.—-
Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. et Hausskn. in Boiss. Fl.
or. II (1872) 901.— Carpodium meoides Stapf et Wettst. Die botan.
Ergebn. d. Polak'schen Exped. nach Persien, II (1886) 49.— Steno-
diptera platycarpa K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. zhurn. 1, 2 (1915) 13.—
lew: oz. Folk, lve. tabla onwp UGrucere.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical,ca. 5mm thick; stem
solitary, 10—40cm high, branching nearly from base, glabrous, angular-
ribbed, lateral branches as long as or overtopping central umbel; radical
leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5-15cm long, 1—2.5 cm wide, thrice pinnatisect,
primary lobes sessile, the lower far apart, the upper approached, terminal
lobules subulate, 3—7mm long,ca. 0.2mm thick. Umbels 5—5.8cm across,
of 8—14 unequal smooth ribbed rays; involucre of 5 pinnatisect leaflets
with subulate lobules, becoming reflexed; umbellets 12—22-flowered, ca.
1.5mm across; involucels of 3—5 spreading or reflexed subulate, partly
3-partite leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular, half the length of the stylopodium; |
marginal petals hardly elongated, ca. 1.5-2mm long, with wide notch; fruit
linear-oblong, 1.5—2cm long, 2mm wide, strongly compressed; lateral ribs
narrowly winged; stylopodium cylindrical, ca. 1mm long, gradually passing
into 1.5mm long thick conical style; stigma capitate. Fl. June, Fr. August.
Herbaceous slopes, thinned-out dry forests, 2,600m.— Caucasus:
S.Transe. Gen. distr.: Cataonia,Iran. Described from Cataonia and Iran.
Type in Geneva.
Economic importance. At the Biochemical Laboratory of the Botanical
Institute of the former Azerbaidzhan branch of the Academy of Sciences of
the USSR, C. platycarpum was found to contain large amounts of
essential oil(to 80% linalool). The yield of essential oil (1.5—2.5%) and linalool
of Caropodium is superior to that of Coriandrum savitum L.
(I. Yu. Gadzhiev, Izv. Azerbaidzh. fil. AN SSSR, 8 (1944) 18-19). Its
widespread cultivation is recommended for the Azerbaidzhan SSR.
Note. This species should perhaps be called Caropodium
meoides Stapf et Wettst. rather than C. platycarpum (Boiss. et
Hausskn.) Schischk., as its first discovery by Boissier is based on the
plant from Cataonia (Berit-Dagi). The Iranian (and Transcaucasian)
90
plants are not really identical with those from Cataonia. However, owing
to the lack of material at the Herbarium of the V. L.Komarov Botanical
Institute, this question cannot be satisfactorily settled and we therefore
retain Boissier's name.
Genus 952. ANTHRISCUS* (Pers.) Hoffm.
Hoffm. Umbell. I (1814) 38; Pers. Syn.I (1805) 320, p.p. non Bernh. (1800).- Chaerefolium ** Hall.
Hist. stirp. ind. Helv. (1768) 327.— Cerefolium Hall. l.c. (1768) 328; Bess. Prim. Fl. Galic. I (1803) 218
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, yellowish-or greenish-white,
the peripheral sometimes slightly elongated, obovate, the terminal notch with
short inward curved ligule, cuneately tapering at base or abruptly passing
into short broad claw; stylopodium conical; styles erect or recurved
below. Fruit ovoid at base, short- or long-oblong, sometimes sublinear,
laterally compressed; mericarps cylindrical, tapering into more or less
long beak, ribs inconspicuous or faintly conspicuous, flattish, smooth,
sometimes shiny, often covered with variously arranged prickles and
bristles; stereomes in ribs cylindrical or elliptic in cross section;
canals 1 in valleculae, 2 at commissure, nearly obsolete in ripe fruits.
Albumen with shallow furrow; crystals numerous in region of commissure;
carpophore free, split; base of fruit and ovary with distinct or obscure
crown of prickles, or sometimes prickles absent. Perennial, biennial or
annual herbs, glabrous or variously pubescent, with compoundly dissected
leaves.
To 20 species in Europe and temperate Asia. Some European species
have been introduced into N. America.
Pe eerennials arely bicnanvalls wath thick srOOt.\ sjsu macs l= ls lyse +) = 4 Bo
oF Annuals with thin, sometimes subfiliform root (section Cerefolium
(Riehb) Schiischk.). pc) <.-.4 S Aeassarh So eeuake WNrRtd ural Sikicli soca CNA See gata gs 10.
2. Fruit 4-—5mm long, low plant, 15—40cm high, growing on taluses and
oOclasmnethewalpimerstelt(@alleasus) mi aeus aie eileucuey oo ieMemcemale seule 36
a0 Neu, DB Il waoiea erage jollevane SOU B0) Gi lane sobs 5o650 ce Go 5558 4.
3. Petals pink or nearly white, the peripheral distinctly elongated (to
2.9 mm); terminal lobules: of leaves 8—25mm long ......7.. =... i.
BE ar ETEE Wd PT. aude rere ERT ben va Rel sutesiep meee ls) vaiatelmabney 6 See 7. A.ruprechtii Boiss.
+ Petals white, the marginal hardly elongated (to 1.5mm); terminal
llobuleshoh lieavies 3 — Onan lOmmoue vmetc haute on 8. A.sosnovskyi Schischk.
4, Fruit beak very short,indistinct; leaves biternate, the terminal lo-
SUlSS Ieiieae. Walle, louclevatesheS innencretia ~ G4 5 oa Sooo boo ae ood oO
Rs i a ek cia ie pa 9. A.schmalhausenii (Alb.) K.-Pol
* From the Greek enthriscos — Theophrastus’ name (possibly referring to Scandiz australis L.)
presumably derived from anthos — flower, rhyskos — fence, since the plant often occurs around
fences.
** We reject the usage of many works where Chaerefolium Hall. is given priority (1758). Hallier's
book (l.c., p.327) gives only Chaerefolium referring to the two genera Chaerophyllum and
Cerefolium. Yet the list of genera at the end of the second volume Chaerefolium is missing.
It appears that Cerefolium has been printed in the text by mistake. According to the international
tules Anthriscus has been adopted as a “nomen conservandum."
91
127
aF Fruit beak distinct, 0.5-l1mm; leaves tripinnate or ternately
[OMAK 6 <5 5 aNo Sgt dl & Ome Ole eel aes fe’ ‘etal Rethes fie) sep 10, Kom cap eRe ahha: Sacre of
5. Plant especially leaves almost entirely covered with thinly grayish
pubescence; high-mountain plants (Caucasus and Central Asia wey Ga
tr Stems usually with coarse or fine hairs confined to lower part; |
leaves with coarse hairs mainly along petioles and petiolules, and |
along nerves on lower side of leaves; rarely almost entire plant
BIBVSICOWIS Go 6 19 cholo 6 Guouacsioy Hc: (Gx oOo LS a: 68 Boo boo Pee eer
6. Hruit 6—7.omim, beak O.5—1 mm long (Caucasus)! 0 4 sane |
er ca ee cher aries cet ee ee ee ee ee es 4. A. velutina Somm. et Leva
+ Fruit 8-9mm, beak 0.5mm long (Central Asia) ...... Paar des |
Fine (ORE REC BOMBA SEAR ARO tet Cree, OM Me ncaiAn Bat -c 5. A.glacialis Lipsky’
Uo Lower leaves ternately pinnate, lobes of the first order nearly as
long as remaining part of blade, lobules of the last order ovate or
oblong; crown of hairs at base of fruit absent or reduced to solitary
at S112) igeaeids ornare Saeciecal Nie eae asin oe 6. A.nitida (Wahl) Garcke.
ate Lower leaves tripinnate, lower lobes of the first order much shorter
than the rest of the blade; crown of hairs mostly present....... 8.
8. Crown of bristles under fruit weakly developed (European part of
(Bla Sigs UES)S'18' mi Mer a ie Ae BS tab agc eae llr ie ait 2. A.silvestris (L.) Hoffm.
ots Crown of hairs well developed; fruit commonly with distinct
tubercles, often with bristles; narely ola roush 1.1) Chi trichospermum Schult) Oesterr, Fl: eds2;1
(1814) 504, nec Lam. (1783).— Ch. cerefolium b. trichospermum
Ashcers. Fl. Brand. (1864) 534.- Cerefolium trichospermum
99
138
139
Bess. Enum. Volhyn. et Podol. (1822) 44.—- Scandix trichosperma
Schur, Enum. pl. Transsilv. (1866) 963,non L.— Chaerofolium cere-
folium @atrichospermum Schinz et Thell. Fl. Schweiz. 3 Aufl. II
(1914) 259,— Bxs.. GR. mH. No. 971 (sub A. trichosper ma). Hieupolon:
exs. No.41 (sub Ceref. silv.).
Annual; root thin; stem erect or ascending from base, 20—80cm high,
branching from base or above, with few oblique branches, glabrous, rarely
with spreading soft hairs at nodes, more or less inflated under nodes;
leaves triangular-ovate, tripinnatisect, the long petioles of the lower leaves
passing to linear-oblong scarious sheaths with soft villous margins;
primary and secondary lobes petioluled, those of the last order pinnatifid
into ovate acute lobules; petioles, petiolules and leaves with sparse
spreading hairs beneath, upper leaves smaller, sessile, the oblong sheath
covered with cilia. Umbels of 2—4 glabrous or short-haired rays, the
lateral on short peduncles or subsessile; involucre 0; involucels one-
sided, of 1—4 linear-lanceolate acute leaflets with scarious ciliate margins;
petals white, ca. 1mm long, oblong-obovate, notched with inward recurved
tip; umbelet rays thickened in fruit, shorter than fruit, without crown of
bristles; fruit linear-oblong, 8-10mm long, ca. 1.5 mm across, when ripe
black, with tubercles and bristles, tapering to beak “/3 to “hy the length of the
fruit proper. April—July. (Plate IX, Figure 4.)
In groves, shrubs, weedy places, gardens, roadsides, lower gorges of
mountain streams.— European part: Bl., L. Don, L. V., Crim.; Caucasus:
Cises, Dag., E., W. and S/iranscs; "Centr Asia: Karak.) Min: Turkm.
Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Italy.
Type in Bologna.
12. A.scandicina (Web.) Mansf. in Fedde, Report. XLVI (1939) 309. —
A.vulgaris Pers. Syn.I (1805) 320,nec Bernh. (1800); DC. Prodr.IV,
224: Ldb. Fl. Ross-1l, 3493" Shmal'e., Fl-1; 421; Grosse.) Pil Kavi Tie
130.— A. caucalis M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 230.— A. scandix
Aschers. Fl. Brand. I (1860) 260,non M.B. (1808).— A. chaerophyllea
Druce in Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (1906) 221.— A. anthriscus Karst.
Deutschl. Fl. (1882) 857.— Scandix anthriscus L. Sp. pl. (1753)
Nay > Ss) oq lho Cley Eales Ile lbhlaybieyals il (1782) 27.— S.laeta Salisb.
Prodr. (1796) 167.— Caucalis royeni Crantz, Cle Umb.imiende (1767)
109,non L.— C. scandix Scop. Fl. carn. ed.2 (1772) 191.— C. aequi-
colorum All. Fl. Pedem. II (1772) 33.— C.scandicina Web. in Prim.
El, Hols. (1780) 23.—> Torilis anthriscus Gaertn. Mruct. (lies ocr
non Gmel. (1805).— T.lanuginosa Clairv. Man. Herb. (1811) 78.—
Chaerophyllum anthriscus Crantz, Class. Umbell. (1767) 76.—
Meyareucihi sie heave op iy Wel aaa aE. France, (1778) 442.- M. anthris-
cus Lag. Amen. Nat. (1821) 98.- Myrrhodes anthriscus Kuntze,
Rev. gen. (1891) 268.—- Cerefolium anthriscus G. Beck in Annal.
Natur. Hofmus. Wien, X (1895) 210.- C. vulgare Bub. Fl. Pyr.II (1900)
41, = C hiake opi o lau jan the 1 sc us pochinz epe@hells jin Where Nee
Ges. Zurich, LIII (1909) 554 et in Hegi, III. Fl. V, 2 (1926) 1030.— Ic.: Rchb.
les Hls Germs xiatalonc O02 OR acs Ge Ey Ee NOp IN GOk
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem ascending or erect 15—80cm high,
glabrous, delicately furrowed; leaves triangular-ovate, the long petioles
60115 1 100
passing into linear-oblong sheath with scarious villous-ciliate, rarely
glabrous margins; blades tripinnatisect, covered beneath with rather long
spreading stiff hairs (as is rhachis); primary lobes ovate, more or less
long-petioluled; lobes of the last order ovate or oblong. Umbels short-
pedunculate, of 2-5 smooth rays; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels 2—5,
shifted to one side, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with narrow
scarious ciliate margin; petals greenish-white, notched, with very short
inward curved tip; pedicels thickened in fruit, with terminal corona of
white bristles; fruit narrowly ovoid, 4-5mm long,ca. 1.5mm wide,
abruptly tapering to beak oh the length of the fruit; fruit covered with
bristles; with hamate apex, sessile on tubercles; stylopodium and
styles very short. May—June. (Plate IX, Figure 5.)
Stony, sometimes shrubby slopes, often weeds of roadsides, dwellings,
etc.— European part: Crim., Bl.,U. Dns. (report for Bes. not confirmed);
CawcasucH Gisics wen and Hekcansess Gens distr... » Centres and Ate Hitless
Med., Bal.-As. Min., introduced in N. Am. and New Zealand. Described
from W.Germany. Type unknown.
Genus 953. SCANDIX* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 256.— Pecten Lam. FI. Fr.III (1778) 437.— Pectinaria Bermh. Syst. Verz. Erf.
(1800) non Haw.— Wylia Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 3, p.p.
Flowers nearly always bisexual, partly staminate; calyx-teeth incon-
Spicuous; petals white, the peripheral often elongate, oblong-cbovate,
slightly notched, with inward curved lobule; stylopodium short-conical;
styles erect, nearly as long or 3—4 times as long as stylopodium; fruit
oblong-linear, with long beak, seed-bearing part laterally compressed, beak
more or less compressed dorsally, 15 to 4 times as long as the seed-
bearing part; mericarps subcircular in cross section with 5 primary
thin ribs: between ribs rugulose, usually becoming bristly towards
140 tip; ribs withbundles of stereomes; canals inconspicuous in ripe fruit;
beak faintly or strongly set-off from seed-bearing part, with bristles along
all ribs or only along the margin; carpophore deeply 2-partite; albumen
subrounded to horseshoe-shaped in cross section, dorsally inflated, ventrally
deeply incised with inturned margins. Annuals, with bipinnate or tripinnate
leaves.
Fifteen to 20 species in the Mediterranean floral region.
1. Beak very slightly compressed laterally, not sharply set-off from
SSSCCHlOSeicinS josuce, Ul ies COweiwrecl wida lomigules oe 6 sic ob 46 obs 2h
a Beak markedly compressed, sharply set-off from seed-bearing part
OW WPT, lOIPiSvlSs “CoOmAiASGl GO masuAgaAell iellos S55 bbs 5 6 8 Bo a 6 bole 4,
2. Style 3—4 times as long as the stylopodium, 0.7-1mm long; leaflets
of involucels elliptic, obtuse with broad scarious margins; peripheral
DSralls DistiElIhy ClOMmszieeC) WO Hie) Ge on 6 sas so 600 4, S.falcata Lond.
+ Style as long as or shorter than stylopodium, not exceeding 0.2mm;
leaflets of involucels pinnate or entire, narrowly linear, acute, almost
not scarious; peripheral petals slightly elongated, ca. 1.5mm long...3.
* From the Greek xandix — comb, referring to the appearance of the ripe umbel of Scandix pecten
Veneris L.
101
141
ioe)
Keatlets of injvolucelis pimnatisect |) -a-lnueta steele 5. S. stellata Soland.
Leaflets of involucels entire, narrowly linear .... 6. S.aucheri Boiss.
4. Terminal umbels of (5)6—9 rays; leaflets of involucels with white
scarious long-ciliate margins; peripheral petals to 5-8 mm long
= is cutetehcomtelts tee: tfepiliokid © ae) eae t cae heyiapieh «
14h eine centuseneper ihe tat 9 acl abelian e abel delea ua cobeamiaapts A 8. T.leptophylla (L.) Rchb.
6. Umbels usually of 2— 3(4) rays; peripheral petals not expanded, ca.
1mm long; style slightly longer than stylopodium; spines of fruit
SMOSH EVCISHILENS 9G BUENOS F695) 6 SS MaMa alice o 5. T.heterophylla Guss.
a Umbels of 4-12 rays; peripheral petals usually expanded, exceeding
lmm; style 2—6 times as long as stylopodium; spines of fruit curved
WONVAUEC! ROU aN Stone SES NONE Id eer hous ii oeO merous nem iarcttic, Solitons Marche!” Aieege te
7. Fruit linear, ca. 1mm wide; prickles on secondary ribs 3 times as
long as the diameter of the mericarps... 6. T.tenella (Del.) Rchb. fil.
ate Fruit ovoid, 1.5—-2.5mm wide; prickles on secondary ribs equal to
CHAMASEOIO CMAN STAN CLICID: SRS MeNS Mallet: cAaRENSNOM ONS clid 0G cho fol oso void oe
8. Peripheral petals expanded, exceeding 2mm; style 3—6 times as long
ISH SAO OO HbNaAN ONS GNANS SSNS Goya cae es ar auntie ee 4. T.radiata Moench.
* “Adanson presumably made up this name without any particular meaning, though it may be related to
Tordylium.
111
155
at Peripheral petals expanded, not exceeding 1.5mm; style not more than
2—4 times as long as stylopodium ....... 3. T.arvensis (Huds.) Link.
Subgenus 1. Eu- Torilis (DC.) Drude in E.-P. Pflanzenfam. Tie
(1898) 156.— Sect. Eu-torilis DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 218.— Main ribs
hardly protruding, with rows of thin white antrorse bristles, not sharply
set off from valleculae, secondary ribs above valleculae well developed,
broad, slightly protruding, with irregularly arranged spines or tubercles;
ignoring the spines, when viewed laterally the fruit appears ovoid, 4-5mm
long; canals distinctly visible in cross section, transversely elliptic,
carpophore splitting to ‘/3 or to middle.
Section 1. ANTHRISCARIA Thellung in Hegi, III. Fl. Mitteleur. Were
(1926) 1051. — Leaflets of involucre 4—6, appressed to rays; under strong
magnification spines of fruit appear scabrous, with remote acute teeth,
curved above, and tapering to straight or slightly bent acute smooth tip;
styles glabrous; furrow at commissure oblong; canals close to surface
and distinctly visible; stylopodium thin, subfiliform; albumen with shallow
furrow, crescent-shaped in cross section, with margin perpendicular to
surface of commissure.
1, T. japonica (Houtt.) DC. Prodr.Iv (1830) 20h rye
Moench, Meth. (1794) 103.— T. stricta Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. (1793)
25, amth rigens Cmel. Higa der (1805) 168, non Gaertn. (1788),
neceBernh. (1800): db. Hl. Ross. ll, 234, (Soieat ni: Or. ll, LO8T "@rrocsoes
Fl. Kavk. III, 133.— T.elata Spreng. Syst.IV. Cur. post. (ig27 sree
Wo SGeylo mew DIC 5) teovles I, (ISO) PIO = ap persica Boiss. et Buhse in
Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII @sco)02s=nm praetermissa Hance
in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér.5, V (SiG) 214. ar" omnis a Dulac, Fl. des Haut.-
Jedi (GUS) SCE at Peraeln eigieule aeue. japonica De Boisseau in
Bull ROche Bot, wc toll (1906) Rais ae anathee detente subsp. eu-
Anthriscus Thell. in lalerenls Wukuisre. IL. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1053. —
ion diya aiuiran mast lie istenne ve. Sper ples 57 53) 24a ne asperum Gilib.
Fl. Lithuan.II (1782) 11.- T. verecundum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 160, —
Caucalis japonica Houtt. Nat. Hist. XXVI (TTD) 42,= C6. ant iueisienmis
Huds. Fl. Angl. (1762) eis) simoareulles.” HPL. IL, Zale), = Gy, Asjyeica Iban, il, Iie.
III (1778) 424, nom. illeg.— Chaerophyllum scabrum Thunb. JEL
aloe (1784) WS (Cilolay Maisie ties. Iamnaloys cess Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg.
Bat. III (1867) 64.- Daucus anthriscus Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 88.—
Deluna tordlds) He Hoduelkerauae in Sturm, Deutsch. Bl. d= 2 enn
(1904) 155.—Ie.: Syreishchikov, Ill. Fl. Mosk. Gub. i 42:2). Sisco an Cees
No. 8185" Fl. polon. exs: No. 826 (sub T. rubella Moench).
Annual or biennial; root fusiform, mostly Simple; stems 40—-100cm
high, branching nearly from base, thinly ribbed, scabrous from short
appressed retrorse hairs, leaves oblong-ovate, bi- or tripinnatisect,
covered with appressed antrorse bristly hairs; lobes of the last order
ovate-oblong, pinnatifid at base, dentate above, with ovate or oblong, obtuse,
dentate lobules; uppermost leaves less dissected, often only trifid. Umbels
112
156
HD
2—4cm across, on long peduncles, of 5-12 rays densely covered with apres-
sed bristles; involucre of 5 linear-subulate appressed-bristly leaflets;
leaflets of involucels numerous, subulate, bristly-hairy, nearly as long as
umbels. Flowers partly bisexual, partly staminate; petals white or pink-
violet, outside greenish, and covered with appressed hairs, broadly obovate,
with deep narrow notch and incurved tip; fruit ovoid, 2—3 mm long;
prickles on secondary ribs long, as long as mericarp is wide, scabrous
from remote acute teeth visible only under high magnification; styles
longer than stylopodium, smooth, glabrous, erect in flower, later recurved.
June—July.
Groves, shrubby formations, pine forests, thinned-out spruce forests,
aspen forests, felled forest areas, roadsides. — European part: Lad.-Ilm.,
Whe, Ve-Kama, Balt’ US Dapi el. Dnp-, V.- Don, We Dice Slee 1S leps @rreataales
We Won wacans vs. Caucasus: iCisc., WE. and S. Transc.; Far East: Uss.
Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur.,W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min.,
introduced in N. Am., S. Asia and Jap.-Ch. Described from Japan. Type
in Paris.
Note. Careful study of numerous specimens of T. japonica (Houtt.)
DC. from Japan and China, in the Herbarium of the V. L. Komarov Botanical
Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, did not reveal any Ghlii=
ferences between this species and T.anthriscus (L.) Gmel., yet this
name is invalid as Gaertner had earlier used it for another plant,
Aoiderckistctlssoy Ul pales gl. japonica (Houtt.) DC. has priority and
we are therefore substituting it for the accepted T. anthriscus (L.)Gmel.
Economic importance. An occasional weed along borders of fields.
2. T.ucrainica Spreng. in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 485.— T. micro-
carpa Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (USA) E35 1S eau ey Cre QS IDE! (erron.)
CUBIC nodenmo: Botln(to24)2428— al ramidhne tsiculsssubspaa)
ucrainica Thell. in Hegi, lllustr. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 105; =
Gaie alist marc rioca rpal schimalhns fit t (1895) 419; E.H.L.Krause in
Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 156,nec Hook. et Arn.— Daucus
microcarpus E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904)
156.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI, tab. 2051.
Annual; root fusiform; stem erect, branching from base, 30—120cm
high, thinly sulcate, scabrous from short retrorse appressed hairs; leaves
oblong-ovate, bi- or tripinnate, scabrous from short antrorse hairs; lobes
of last order linear or linear-lanceolate, gradually tapering at both ends,
thin-acuminate, usually entire; uppermost leaves smaller, not as dissected.
Umbels of 10-15 rays densely beset with appressed antrorse bristles;
involucre mostly of 5 linear-subulate membranous leaflets, with short
bristles along margins; involucels of numerous subulate bristly-hairy
leaflets, as long as rays; petals white, the peripheral to 2mm long, broadly
obovate, with narrow deep notch and incurved tip; fruit ovoid, 2mm long,
their prickles scabrous from remote acute antrorse crenations; styles 5
times as long as stylopodium. June—July. (Plate XI, Figure 3.)
Shrubby formations, oak groves, southern slopes, near cliffs.— European
part: U.Dnp., Bl., L. Don, Bess. Endemic. Described from the Ukraine.
Type in Vienna.
113
Gil, Wa
eS
PLATE XI. 1— Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.; 2-— T. heterophylla Guss.; 3-—T.ucrainica
Spreng.
114
Section 2. LAPPULARIA (Pomel) Thell. in Hegi, I. Fl. Mitteleur. V,
2 (1926) 1051.— Genus Lappularia Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874)
149.— Leaflets of involucre 0 or 1(2); spines of fruit slightly antrorse or
suberect, obtuse, tipped by a crown of teeth, scabrous from Slightly retrorse
acute teeth; surface of commissure linear, canals in furrow under bundles
of sclerenchymatous fibers (stereomas) of lateral main ribs, covered, not
visible from the outside; carpophore thicker than in section Anthriscaria
Thell.; albumen with deep furrow, reniform in cross section, with inward
turned edges.
3, T. arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Horti berol.1 (1821) 265; Bess.
Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 12.— T. divaricata Moench, Meth. Suppl.
(1802) 34.- T. arvensis subsp. divaricata Thell. in Hegi, Nlustr.
Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1055.- T. helvetica Gmel. Fl. Bad.1 (1805)
Glieelados Ki. Ross. 11, 3435— 1s intesita Clairv. Man. d'herborisat.
(1811) 78; Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 53; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 1082. —
Caucalis arvensis Huds. Fl. Angl. ed.l CEGZ een Ter nlnedays chimera
Jacq. Hort. Vindob. III (1776) 12.—C.segetum Thuill. FI. Par.ed.2
(1799) 136.- C. purpurea Ten. Fl. Nap. Atlas, IU (1811-1838) tab. 131.—
C.infesta Curtis Fl. Londin. II, fasc. VI (1821) tab. 23; Shmal'g., FI-T,
4A0 se retvalis Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, I (1840) PilBo= SC Ain Clix
infesta L. Syst. ed.3, If (1767) 732.- Anthriscus arvensis iKea I= oil.
in Izv. Mosk. obshch. Ispyt. Prir. Nov. ser. XXIX (LL) Bigs tebe Nes
Ross. XV (1920) 95,ex p.— Ic.: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. tab.16; Rchb. Ic. im
Germ. XXI, tab. 166, f.1, I]. — Exs.: G.R.F. No.1770 et 24695 ie ACM
No.27; P.sintenis, It. trans.-pers. No. 498, a,c, No. 630 c.
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, like leaves
and umbel rays covered with short bristly hairs, thinly sulcate, usually
branching from base; leaves triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong, the
lower bi- or tripinnate, the upper often only pinnate; lobes of the last
order acutely dentate. Umbels long-stalked, of 2-10 rays; involucre 0 orof
1—2 unequal leaflets; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear-subulate;
petals white or reddish, obcordate, with deep narrow notch and inward
curved tip, the peripheral slightly expanded, ca. 1.5mm long; style bristly-
hairy at base, 2-3 times as long as stylopodium; fruit 3-5mm long;
160 prickles on fruit as long as mericarp is wide, straight or curved above,
with small retrorse crenations and a terminal crown of hooks.
Along ditches, irrigation ditches, gardens, shrubby formations, forest
edges.— European part: Bes., Bl., Us Dist Crim) «Caucasus mC 1sien,
Dag., W., E. and S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Me Shep syae De, eae eal evita
Tuvkm. Gen. distr.: Med., Centr. and Atl. Hur., Afr., Iran., E.As.
Introduced into N. Am. and Australia. Described from England. Type in
London.
Note. An occasional weed of crops.
4. T. radiata Moench, Meth. (1794) 103.— T.neglecta Schult. Syst.
Veg. VI (1820) 484; DC. Prodr.IV, 218; Ldb. HMIeORoss. ll, 3435 "Boiss. Fl.
or.II, 1083; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.IH,132.— T.chlorocarpa Spreng. Syst.I
(1825) 898.— T.infesta Roth, Enum. Pl. phaner. Germ. 1 (1827) 901.—
T.syriaca Boiss. et Blanche in Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2, 11 (1856) 98. —
Mis
161
D. amv emisiis (subsp. jaleo hele ay hell sin Heaters Witt teleuinaa Nien =
(1926) 1055.— Scandix infesta Jacq. Austr. tab. 46 (1773),non L.—
Lappularia neglecta Pomel, Nouv.) Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874).150.—
Caucalis neglecta Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 420.—- Daucus infestus
Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 156.— Ic.: Varela Ile Co
tab. 46 (sub Sc. infesta).
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, like leaves
covered with short bristly hairs, thinly sulcate, usually branching from
base; leaves triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong, the lower bi- or tri-
pinnatisect, the upper often only pinnate; lobes of the last order long-
acuminate, acutely dentate. Umbels long-stalked, of 3-7 rays; involucre
0 or of 1—2 unequal leaflets; involucels of numerous linear-subulate
leaflets; petals white, obcordate, with deep notch and inward curved tip,
the peripheral markedly expanded, exceeding 2mm; style bristly-hairy at
base, 3-6 times as long as stylopodium; fruit 3-6mm long, prickles on
secondary ribs as long as mericarp is wide, scabrous from retrorse
crenations, with subterminal crown of hamate prickles. May—June.
shrubby slopes/— European part: Crim.? (Caticasuss? Wr amcdehe
Transe. Gen. distr.:\W. and E. Med», Bal.-As.. Min., Iran. Deseribed
from Austria. Type was in Germany.
Note. There are no herbarium specimens to substantiate records of
this species from the Crimea and Transcaucasia.
5. T.heterophylla Guss. Prodr. Fl. Sicul.1 (1827) 326; Ldb. Fl. Ross.
11344; Boiss. Fl. or. II,1082.-T. heterosperma Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mose. (1856) 263 sphalm. pro T. hieit e poipih ylika Gusis... ili wh emi weiner:
Vanpepau Ci madiatasTrantye imidr. Bot. Sadayia(lG0l)) 334) lameness
lecta var. paucinradiata Grossh., Fl. Kavks TN(i932)1 325 — ears erceacl
var. heterophylla Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI (1866) tab. 2008. —
Caucalis heterophylla Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 419.—Ic.:. Rchb. l.c.
tab. 2008.
Annual; root thin fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, thinly sulcate,
usually branching from base, like leaves covered with short bristly hairs;
lower leaves bipinnatisect, with oblong pinnatifid serrate lobes; median
leaves ternate-dissected, with narrowly lanceolate serrate lobes; upper-
most leaves linear, entire or remotely dentate. Umbels on long peduncles,
of 2—3 rays covered with appressed bristles; involucre 0 or 1—2-leaved;
leaflets of involucels numerous, linear-acuminate; petals white or reddish,
with narrow notch and inward curved tip, dorsally pubescent; style bristly-
hairy at base; fruit 3-S5mm long, nearly always heteromorphic, with
typically developed spines confined to mericarps turned outwards. June—
July. (Plate XI, Figure 2.)
Roadsides, dry slopes, clearings in dry forests.— European part: Crim.
(southern shore); Caucasus: Cisc., Dac. Hand Wr i ransc.. malkeaGent
distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Sicily. Type in Naples.
6. T.tenella (Del.) Rchb. fil. Ic. Fl. germ. XXI (1866) tab. 74. —
Gam calasetenme lla, Dele al. e908 13) 58ay Boiss. sllorm leemOge
Wirewict., iim Wie, lor, Seca, I, il (1871) bo; Grosses, Hl. Kavk. iil, 13645
fe: eDelnl pee: htalo 2 lagi. ogee elnino see halons.
116
162
Annual; root thin; stem 20—25cm high, branching from base with
oblique branches, like leaves covered with very short scattered, appressed
or slightly spreading, retrorse white bristles; leaves ovate, 3-5cm long,
1.5—2 cm wide, tripinnatisect, the lower petioled, the upper sessile on oblong
sheath; terminal lobes linear, 2-4mm long, 0.5mm wide, terminating in
short bristle. Umbels of 4—9 unequal rays covered with scattered semi-
appressed bristles; involucre 0; umbellets few-flowered, ca. 4-5mm
across; involucels of 4—5 linear hairy leaflets; calyx-teeth persistent,
lanceolate, petals white; fruit linear, 3.5-5mm long,ca. 1mm wide;
secondary ribs with 1 row of scabrous prickles, 3 times as long as meri-
carps are wide; style very short. May.
Dry places.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (Mugan). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As.
Min., Iran. (NE), Afr. Described from Egypt. Type in Montpellier (?).
@. <. nodosa (1..)'Gaertn. De Fruct.J (1788) 82:;, lidb. BI. Ross. Il, 344:
Boiss hl ome NOS Kross. Hl ekavic. Ll wsi4) — i. nod tl om a Bulb.
IMLS IP yeeials IU (1900) 406.— T. stocksiana K.-Pol. in Tr. Peterb. Bot.
Sada, XXXVI (1920) 98,non Caucalis stocksiana Boiss. (1859);
Grosses. Fl, Kalvk. Il (1932) 1342— Torndylium, nodosum LL. Sp.:pl.
@l 753) 240.— Caucalis nodosa Crantz, Class. Umbellif. (1767) 109;
Shmal'g., Fl.1, 420.— C.nodiflora Lam. Fl. Fr. III (1778) 424. —
Lappularia nodosa Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 150.— Daucus
nodosa E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 137. —-
AC baSICMES NS HOekaS)d amamke ol. singBbulde Soca Nat. Mose. uN.
POC ELONS | li5ie — AY sn odit Lowa) K. Pol. lsc..(1 95): Wl. Az: Ross. XV
(1920) 98.- A. leptophylla 8 stocksiana K.-Pol. Fl. Az. Ross. XV
Gozo. — ens (Gaertn: 1.ce stab.210) f. 6%
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems 10—35cm high, solitary or few,
erect, ascending or spreading close to ground, cylindrical, thinly sulcate,
scabrous from retrorse bristly hairs; leaves and petioles covered with
short antrorse bristly hairs; the lower leaves on short petioles, abruptly
tapering to short, dilated sheath with whitish-scarious margins, twice or
four times pinnate; the upper sessile on narrow oblong sheaths; lobes of
the last order oblong, acute or acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, with linear-
lanceolate or linear lobules, 1—-2mm wide, mucronate, entire or obscurely
dentate. Umbels at first apparently terminal but very soon shifting to
lateral side owing to strong growth of lateral shoot, subsessile in flower,
becoming short-stalked, rays 2—3, like pedicels very short; involucre 0;
leaflets of involucels subulate, shorter than umbel rays; all flowers bi-
sexual, fertile; petals white,ca. 0.5mm long, shallowly notched, dorsally
pubescent; fruit ovoid, 2-3mm long, heteromorphous, the outer mericarps
with normally developed, erect acicular crenations with terminal whorl of
hamate prickles, the inner covered with obtuse tubercles; style glabrous,
erect, very short. April—June.
Shrubby formations, stony slopes, vineyards and crops. — European part:
Crinne Caucasus. Dag. We Ep eanduon il Gansicesg Conic ASial me Viti damsel.
Amu D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., W. and E. Med.,
Bal.-As. Min., Iran, introduced in the southern part of the U.S.A.
Described from France and Italy. Type in London.
117
163
164
Subgenus 2. Daucalis (Pomel) schisechk. — Gen. /Daucalis’ Pomel,
INowWs Miaiga IL, ANell. (1874) 148.— Subgen. Pseudo-caucalis Drude in
E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 156.— Main ribs separated from the
secondary ribs on side by furrow; secondary ribs with spines arranged in
2—3 regular rows; fruit (ignoring spines) elongate-prismatic, 5-6 mm long;
canals narrow; carpophore split only at summit.
8. T.leptophylla (L.) Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI (1866) 83.— Caucalis
leptophylla L. Sp. pl. ed.1 (1753) 242; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 341; Boiss.
Micvor ih 1084; shmaliice Mle, keen Gr ossien tie, Ucaryiceollil gles
@. puma la Mam. (Pley hr. lil G78) 4255) © pau: vilt loc eeele ade Encycl. 1
(1789) 657.— C. humilis Jacq. Hort. Vindob.II (1772) 92.— Daucus
lepteaphytlla’ Scop.” Fl.Carniols eds2) P (7 72)192 =) Dannceiate erat Or
phylla Pomel,in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 149.— Nigeria ipa.
flora Bubani, Fl, pyren.II (1900) 404.— Anthriscus leptophylla
K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moses N. Si XXL (1915) 151;) Pls Age inosssoce
960 > Sie linuim! humitle PoHoL Krause.— les, Jacq. ‘Hort. Vandel
tabs lan; Rehbw loc. tab. 169) — Pixs): GyRY Fs No. 2650. Hvr .A ieee omen.
P.Sint. It. trans.-pers. 1900-1901, No.1795 (sub T. stocksiana).
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems 10—30cm high, solitary or few, erect,
ascending or spreading close to ground, cylindrical or slightly faceted,
thinly sulcate, scabrous from appressed retrorse bristly hairs, leaves
oblong, the lower long-petioled, the upper on short petioles tapering to
short dilated sheath with white-scarious margins, bi- or tripinnatisect,
terminal lobes oblong or linear, acute, like petioles and petiolules covered
with short antrorse bristly hairs; uppermost leaves sessile on narrow
oblong sheaths. Umbels apparently terminal at first, but very soon shifting
to lateral position owing to strong growth of lateral shoot, peduncles short
in flower, becoming longer, 2-5cm long; umbel rays short, 2—4, becoming
thickened, covered with bristly hairs; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels
lanceolate-linear, as long as umbel; fertile flowers very short-pediceled
or subsessile, the sterile on distinct pedicels; petals white, dorsally
pubescent, caducous; fruit oblong, 4-6mm long, homomorphous, crowned
with triangular-lanceolate calyx-teeth; secondary ribs covered with 2—3
rows of scabrous acicular prickles with hamate apex, slightly longer than
mericarp is wide. April—June. (Plate XI, Figure 1.)
Banks of mountain streams, dry slopes, weedy places.— European part:
(Greinrae (southern shore); Caucasus: Dae; b. and Ss; franse., Valear@€ enue
Asia: Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: W.
and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Introduced in Centr. and
Atl. Eur. and N.Am. Described from France and Italy. Type in London.
Note. The following taxa have been reported for the USSR by some
authors but according to our data they do not occur within its borders:
7. Stocksiana (Boiss.) Drude (in E.—P.Naturl. Pflanzenfam. II, 8 (1898)
156; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 98; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il
(1932) b47— Anthrisius stocksiana K.-Polesin Bull} SoceeNats
Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 151.— A. leptophylla 8 stocksiana K.-Pol.
in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 97.— Caucalis stocksiana Boiss. Diagn.
ser. II, 6 (1859) 89); this species is confined to Baluchistan, S. Iran and
Arabia.
118
9. T. xanthotricha (Stev.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Caucalis xantho-
tricha Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1856) 353.
Annual; similar to preceding species but stems sometimes higher, 40—
50cm, petals persistent sometimes until ripening, prickles of fruit yellow.
May—June.
Stony slopes.— European part: Crim. (southern shore). Endemic.
Described from the Laspa River valley. Type in Helsinki.
Note. All specimens seen from the Crimea (Balaklava, Simeiz) have
typically yellow fruit, sometimes the petals persistent even after the fruit
has ripened. This species is certainly very close to T.leptophylla
(L.) Rehb., but as the characters of all the Crimean plants are consistent
the species proposed by Steven has been retained.
Genus 958. PSAMMOGETON * Edg.
Edg. in Proc. Linn. Soc.1 (1845/ 258
Calyx-teeth lanceolate; petals white, pink or purple, the outer some-
times pubescent; fruit ovoid, tapering at commissure; stylopodium short-
conical; styles long; mericarps with primary subglabrous filiform ribs
and 4 secondary ribs covered with soft white spreading hairs and longer
bristles nearly in 2 rows; canals under secondary ribs solitary, 2 at com-
missure. Annual herbs, leaves with setiform lobes.
Five species in Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia.
1. Stems and leaves shortly and densely pubescent; leaf lobes oblong-
CUS AROS aaa aE, Cetera eae yal anemnat 3. P.canescens (DC.) Vatke.
an Siomicuancmleavecuclabrousmulear Nowesusiet lioretan = til Uk@Tetaen eet as esas 3
Za Umbelsyot 24 cays; leaf lobes 2 5 ¢m long 2. . 1. PP. setifolinm Boiss.
as Umbclstomoororcavc., leak lobes sone ria MOM Gs eae) teeulon we) tmcnla) ante cs\ie
REED BE isis aide ag ce oa 2. P.borsezovii (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky.
Series 1. Setifolia Schischk.— Stems and leaves glabrous; leaves
setiform-filiform.
1. P.setifolium Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1079.— Torilis setifolia
Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2,11 (1856) 95.— 7. heterotricha Trauty. in Bull.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, l (1866) 349,—= DAWUCUS SStLLOliwm Ss INuorwze iim
Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 191.- Cuminum cyminum a@asetosum
Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 1080.— C. cyminum B.Fedtsch. Rastit. Turkest.
(1915) HOO, mon Ib,—= Co SeStiroliunmn I. tibet aunt ia ssyGleteremetn
Proc. Linn. Soc.I (1845) 253.- Athamanta canescens DC. Prodr.IV
(1830) 153.— Pimpinella crinita Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat.3 sér.I
(1844) 131.— Daucus crinitus O. Ktze. in Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 191.—
Cuma ti nuimn Cr init um Ko Pols in Bull] Soc Nat. MOS mINe see
(1915) 209.— Exs.: P.Sintenis, exs. No. 232.
Annual; stem branching from base, 15—40cm high, densely covered
with soft spreading hairs; radical leaves withering early, cauline leaves
short-petioled, broadly triangular, 2.5-6cm long, 2—-6cm wide, ternate;
169 primary lobes petioluled, pinnatisect into oblong, cuneate lobules with
120
¢ > 4
SSS
S
NY
Z
=
PEATE XII. 1,la—Psammogeton borsczovii (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky; 2-— Aphanopleura
leptoclada (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Lipsky
121
170.
2—3 incisions, covered with fine short spreading hairs; upper leaves sessile,
smaller, and less dissected. Umbels on long peduncles, of 4-12 unequal
rays covered with spreading hairs, involucre of 5 straight lanceolate-linear
long-acuminate short-haired leaflets with broad scarious margins, half as
long or as long as umbel rays; umbellets dense; involucels of 5 broadly
ovate, hairy, nearly entirely scarious abruptly finely acuminate leaflets as
long as umbels; petals white, pink or purple, the peripheral hairy; fruit
ovoid, ca. 2.5mm long, densely covered with soft, very fine capitate bristles
twice as long as fruit is wide. May.
Dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghani-
stan, Baluchistan, Iran), Ind.-Him. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva.
Genus 959. ASTRODAUCUS* Drude
Drude in E.—P. Natiirl. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 156
Calyx-teeth short; petals white, deeply notched, expanded in peripheral
flowers; fruit oblong-ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, subcircular
in cross section; mericarps with 5 main, slightly protruding ribs bearing
bristles; secondary ribs with 1 or 2 rows of setiform prickles with dilated
base, sometimes connate; canals solitary under secondary ribs, 2 at com-
missure,thesein furrow, partly covered with stereomatic bundle; albumen
falcate in cross section, dorsally notched because of strongly protruding
canals; stylopodium short-conical; styles long,ca. 2.5mm; stigma
capitate. Biennial plants, with repeatedly pinnatisect leaves and large
main umbels.
Four species, E. Mediterranean area.
1. Involucels of 8-11 lanceolate-linear, acuminate leaflets; peripheral
petals ZrammaMlone: Sete See ees es. eels 3. A.littoralis (M.B.) Drude.
ar Involucels of 5 lanceolate leaflets; peripheral petals elongated, to
ANU GI OM yo ciel Water) papnc MeO». CP sieuke oe © V'e), @oeisc us ioude chin Oe ane aes 2.
2. Leaves slightly scabrous or glabrous, lobes of last order 1—4mm long;
iowa Walia Chulewwecl jociclles!, COmMMEKS Bib lOESIE 660500 co oo OS
Sco or cpa tN SWE Ta ean ic Sire aba s 1, A. orientalis (L.) Drude.
Leaves short-hairy, lobes of last order 7mm long; prickles on fruit
MOLSCOMMALE | eutsite (alte «ey oe! |e is Le aL 2. A.persicus (Boiss.) Drude.
1. A. orientalis (L.) Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III, 7-8 (1898)
Zl. Kozo-Poelk infill. Az Ross. XV s9aGrosse. Hl. Kary ioky Mls
Caucalise orientalis La Si. pl. (Gigaa Za Wiens. Ele eterna ecnmccee
208.— C. royeni Crantz, Cl. Umbell. emend. (1767) 109.— C. pul-
cherrima Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. (1809) 303.— Conium royeni
i Spaapl, (sanz 4a5 — Platyspermum puleh ex rimwn keer
Umbell. (1824) 78.— P. orientale Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831-1833)
5.— Daucus, pulcherrimus Koch ap. D@. Prodr. lV (830) 200- sacle
Bi Rossi, 336; Boiss). (hls oratih LOd 2s iolararaik "on Hull. eb is eaieconsren tan ets
Oni enta lis Calest. in) Webbia (1905) 2552 — bxc.: (G. Rens Noswisede
Herbe snl @anicamNOmoa oe
* From the Greek astron — star, daucon — carrot.
122
71
Biennial; root fusiform; stem branching, 40-100 cm high, like leaves
glabrous, but lobes slightly scabrous along margin; leaves triangular,
repeatedly pinnatisect, lobes of last order narrowly linear, acute, 1—4mm
long, 0.3mm wide, sometimes with sparse short bristly hairs along margins;
upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 4-8cm
across, of 8-15 glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 (rarely of 5, var.
involucratus Bordz.) lanceolate-linear, acuminate leaflets with scarious
margins; leaflets of involucels 5, lanceolate, with broadly scarious ciliate
margin, thinly acuminate, appressed or spreading; calyx-teeth short;
petals white, hairy outside, the outer petals to 4mm long; fruit oblong-
ovoid, 5-6 mm long, the setiform connate prickles longer than width of fruit,
dilated at base, hardly scabrous (var. glabratus Thell.) or more or less
long, hair-like (var. eriocarpus (Boiss.) Woron.); heterocarpy frequent,
the central fruit of the umbel bearing very short prickles; stylopodium
conical; styles to 2.5mm long. June—July.
Stony and pebbly slopes.— European part: Balt. (escaped locally near
Vilnius), Bl.) Crim.: Caucasus: Cise:,W., EB. and S. Tzansc., Tal.; Centr.
Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Ust-Urt?). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min., Iran.
Locally escaped in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Described after Tourne-
fort's collection from the East. Type in London.
2. A.persicus (Boiss.) Drude in E.-P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. II, 7-8
(1898) 157; Grosse., Fl. Kavk. III, 135.— Daweus persicus Boiss. in
Ann. Sc. nat. ser. III, II (1844) 49.- D. atropatanus Stev. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1856) II, 352, in nota.
Biennial; root fusiform; stems cylindrical 50—100cm high, glabrous,
branching; leaves ovate, repeatedly pinnatisect, shortly and rather densely
pubescent, lobes of the last order narrowly linear, acute, 7mm long, 0.2 mm
wide; upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath, the upper-
most reduced to lanceolate sheath. Umbels long-peduncled, 4-8 cm across,
of 8-12 smooth rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 lanceolate-linear, caducous
leaflets; leaflets of involucels 5, lanceolate, white-membranous, with ciliate
margin; petals white, the outer to 4mm long, pubescent outside; fruit
ovoid, 5mm long, prickles on secondary ribs narrowly lanceolate, scabrous,
not connate, twice as long as the diameter of fruit. June.
Shrubby formations, clayey slopes, gardens and vineyards. — Caucasus:
S. Transc. (?). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Isfahan. Type in
Geneva.
3. A.littoralis (M. B.) Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III, 7-8
(1898) ie GRocsen. Elma Mllggls.o).—— Cxcrre aaleis aelpit tO alas IM. 1B
Fl. taur.-cauc.!I (1808) 208.— Cachrys littoralis Spreng. Umbell.
Prodr. IV (1818) 20.— Platyspermum littorale Koch, Umbell. (1824)
78.- Daucus bessarabicus DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 210; Ldb. Fl.
Roses ll, SI8sr Samnallles 5 oie Aol P Ore I sis Oe et a Sri Cale sala
Webbia (1905) 255.— Ic.: Sibth. et Sm. Fl. Graeca, III, tab. 212.— Exs.:
Greer ten NiO Ole
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical, fusiformly thickened;
stems erect, 25—70cm high. branching above or nearly from base; radical
leaves broadly triangular, with petioles nearly as long as blade, blade ca.
123
WZ
15cm long and nearly as wide, repeatedly pinnatisect; terminal lobes
linear, acute, 3-7mm long, ca. 0.8cm wide; cauline leaves smaller, the
uppermost sessile on amplexicaul sheath. Umbels of 10-18 nearly equal
rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 linear acute leaflets, with scarious margin;
involucels of 8—11 lanceolate-linear, softly ciliate, thinly acuminate leaf- |
lets with broad scarious margin; petals white, ca. 2mm long, subrounded,
deeply notched, with incurved tip; fruit oblong, 6mm long, 4mm wide,
prickles 5—7 in row, pyramidal, acute or abruptly attenuate into more or
less long mucro. June—July. |
Maritime and riparian sands, solonchaks.— European part: Bes., Bl.,
L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. (W.),W.Transe. Endemic. Described
from the vicinity of Odessa. Type in Geneva.
Genus 960. CAUCALIS* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 240.- Daucus sect. Caucalis Baill. Hist. pl.VII (1880) 90.— Nigera Bub. Fl.
Pyren.II (1900) 404.— Caucalis sect. Eucaucalis Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III,8 (1898) 157
Calyx-teeth leaflike, acute; petals obcordate, white or reddish, deeply
notched, with incurved lobe in notch, peripheral petals elongate. Fruit
ovoid, laterally compressed, the main ribs hardly protruding, covered with
bristles, the secondary ribs prominent, bearing single row of prickles or
(very rarely) tubercles; canals solitary under secondary ribs, 2 canals at
commissure. Mericarps subcircular in cross section; fibrous bundle
of main ribs flat, more or less falcate; secondary ribs with cylindrical
stereome bundle. Albumen deeply furrowed, with inrolled margins; base
of ovary and fruit subtended by a crown of bristles. Annuals, with bristly
hairs and bi- and tripinnate leaves.
Up to 4 species in Europe, Asia Minor and Central Asia.
i Prickles on fquit as long as width Ofmericarosl -- 15) ttt
arp UPS Sine ad ap ARE a enc elas Bal dali olli sale Mimi MS ei 1. C.lappula (Web.) Grande.
as Prickles on fruit not developed, much shorter than width of mericarps. .
mars wich siieds) gatas anu arnce epee gee iar ls alre v6, eats een ek ORG) Mee ee 2. C. DischGitit kero:
1. C.lappula (Web.) Grande in Bull. Orto bot. Nap. V (1918) 194. —
€. daueoide's! i. Syst. ed. XII (1767) 205, nom Ly Sp. pl. (aa) ee iemete
esteOulaya platycarpois) (us) Koen: Iidb. Hl. Ross last taesoncsce
JILe vOxee Il, LOwiats os Slavaavenl kos, Jy ly 2h fhe Grosse.) Fl. Kavi I s6s Ca. memmne
folia Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 161.- C.platycarpos L. Sp. pl. (1753)
Ale Ox Pxst:aGeive ey.
Nomi ZG
* From the Greek kejein — creep, kaulos — stem, referring to the creeping stems of some species.
124
4
H
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i
i
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73
174
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems erect, 10—40cm high; branching,
like leaves covered with long scattered bristles or subglabrous; leaves bi-
or tripinnatisect, with pinnatipartite lobes, lower leaves short-petioled,
upper sessile on sheaths; lobes of first order ovate, obtuse, the lower lobes
on short petioles, the upper sessile; lobes of last order oblong, pinnatifid
into 2—4mm long, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually entire lobules;
sheath short, oblong, with ciliate scarious margin. Umbels opposite leaves,
of 2-5 scabrous rays with scabrous upper margin; involucre 0; involucels
usually of 3—5 lanceolate scabrous leaflets with slightly ciliate margin;
calyx-teeth ovate-lanceolate, to 1.5mm long; petals white or reddish,
broadly obovate (2mm long, 2.5mm wide), deeply notched, glabrous; fruit
ovoid-oblong, 8-10mm long, ca. 5mm across. April-May. (Plate XII,
Figure 1.)
Among shrubs on slopes, fields, cereal crops, melon fields, roadsides,
railway embankments. — European part: Lad.-Im., U. Dnp., M. Dnp.,
Vee Donna. Dom. slbransives Vea icamia (extreme west), Bes., U. Dns., Bl.;
Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.,W. and 5. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd, Iran.
Described from Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. This weed is advancing in the USSR northwards
and eastwards. The prickly fruits mixed with oats and fed to horses cause
injury to the oral cavity (Larin).
2. C.bischoffii K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moacee Ne Se Oden (Loiha)) Base
C.muricata Bischoff, Delect. sem. Horti Heidelb. (1839) et in Linnaea.
XIV (1840), Lit. Ber. p.131,non Crantz (1767); C.A.M. in App. FX aon. @
sem. Horti Petropol. (1843) 64; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, BAO Gay Graguke Onndiers
B muricata Gr. et Gord. Fl. Fr. II (1850) 674; Shmal'g., Fl. Sr. i Yuzhn.
POeSo f (CUBOIS)) ss Cea one deicarpa Makaschvili in Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Til (OSA SiC.
Annual; distinguished from C.dauc oides L. only by the very short
prickles of the fruit which are several times shorter than the width of the
mericarp reduced to tubercles. May.
Weedy habitats and fields of wheat and barley.— European part: Gicim
(Simferopol); Caucasus: Cisc.,W. and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As.
Min., Med. Described from Crim. Type in Heidelberg (eye
Note. Of the 3 specimens in the Botanical Institute, one was collected
in 1842 near Simferopol, the second in Kuban, and the third was grown
from seeds collected in Georgia.
Kozo-Polyanskii (Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 61) claimed the American
species Yabea microcarpa (Hook. et Arn.) K.-Pol- as belonging to
anew genus Yabea K.~-Pol. (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVIII (1914) 202;
XXIX (1915) 144) known from the vicinity of Vladivostok, where it had been
introduced and where the fruits had been collected together with those of
TOLLS yenoomery Ce Subsequent studies have failed to confirm the
presence of Y. microcarpa near Vladivostok, and Komarov omitted it
from his ''Key.'’ Our study of extensive herbarium material from the Far
East failed to reveal traces of Yabea. It is therefore excluded from
"Flora of the USSR."
125
“ Y,
mY ¥ Za We
= Vee Nay
bass Pen
ig\ =
BA Z aN
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e
Ga Wee
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0:
PLATE XIII. 1— Caucalis lappula (Web.) Grande.;
126
2—Eremodaucus lehmannii Bge.
Ev?
Genus 961. TURGENIA* Hoffm.
Hoff. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 59.- Caucalis subgenus Turgenia Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.
Ill, 8 (1898) 157.— Turgenia subgenus Turgeniodoxa K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross.XV (1920) 108
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute or nearly subulate; petals pink, purple or
nearly white, obovate; fruit ovoid, laterally compressed; stylopodium
conical, styles short, thick; mericarps subcircular in cross section, the
protruding main and secondary ribs, bearing 1—3 rows of scabrous prickles
shorter than the width of the fruit. Cross section of ribs shows small
elliptic stereomes; canals single in valleculae, 2 approximate at commissure;
hypodermal tissue between endosperm and mesocarp; albumen very con-
cave, its margins turned inwards; carpophore free, 2-cleft above; ovary
and fruit subtended by a whorl of prickles. Scabrous hairy annual herbs
with simple-pinnate leaves.
Monotypic genus, in Central Europe, W. Siberia, Central Asia, the
Mediterranean area, and eastwards to Kashmir.
in Melativolia Gu.) Hottny, Gen.) Umbells Sele 2) (BIG) SOE elo, Jl, IVOsSe
ies42-) Boss. le wore. tl; OS; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 108;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 137; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Siig, Wdul, ZOSS,— INO ial sy Wa bisa
atteiodacu ral espn pl Givi53)e240S Gra nicialiashel al vit olleias e. Syst. VII
(1768) 205; Shmal'g., Fl.1,418.— Daucus ait todas) Baul eciisite splieavill
(1880) 89.— D.turgenia E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl.ed.2, XII
(1904) 158.— Ie.: Kozo-Pol., ibid., tabl. 99— Passi) He FAs) Nioweh6:
Annual; stem erect, 20—60cm tall, finely ribbed, branching, covered with
short spreading stiff hairs with recurved tips and longer bristly prickles;
leaves pinnate, 4—-20cm long, 3-10cm wide, pubescent on both sides, with
bristles along nerves beneath; leaf lobes oblong, obtuse, dentate, 1-4cm
long, 3-15mm wide,sessile, somewhat decurrent, only lowermost pair
short-petioluled. Umbels 4-6cm across, of 3—5 ribbed, bristly-hairy rays;
involucre and involucels of 5 oblong-ovate, acuminate or obtuse pubescent
leaflets with white-scarious margins; umbels few-flowered, with 3—5 bi-
sexual (fertile), 3-4 sterile (staminate) flowers on 1.5—3mm long pedicels;
calyx-teeth triangular, acute, with scarious ciliate margins, unequal, 0.5—
1mm long; petals pink, purple or nearly white, short-hairy outside, obovate,
with narrow terminal cusp, 1.5—2mm long, in bisexual flowers one petal
much enlarged, ca. 3mm long, 4—5 mm wide, obreniform; fruit ovoid,
7—9 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, slightly compressed laterally, ribs with long,
large prickles with thickened base, covered with short prickles. May—June.
Mountain slopes, steppes, fallow fields, crops, near dwellings. — European
jones - lWeyols—llbeals (introduced along railway lines), Transv. (Kinel, in the
Westie. Don ssl MsespiC cima, Caucasus: all regions; Centr. Asia: Balkh.,
Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.:
Centr. Eur. (introduced), Med., Bal.-As. Min., Ind.-Him., N. Am. (intro-
duced). Described from France and Italy. Type in London.
Economic importance. A weed of crops in the southern regions of the
USSR, especially in the spring.
* Named in honor of D.A.Turgenev, Director of the Office of Prince Golitsyn, a friend and classmate of
Hoffman at Gottingen University.
127
178
181
Genus 962. LISAEA* Boiss.
Boiss. in Ann. sc. nat.3, sér.II (1844) 54
Calyx 5-toothed; petals white, notched, the peripheral deeply 2-cleft,
strongly elongating; fruit compressed laterally; mericarps with 3 primary
narrowly winged dorsal ribs, often with teeth; secondary ribs obscure,
sometimes with few longitudinal hamate bristles or tubercles; stylopodium
conical; canals inconspicuous; albumen with inrolled margins. Annual
herbs with simple-pinnate leaves and short pubescence.
Five species in Asia Minor, Iran and S. Transcaucasia.
1. Mature fruits glabrous, finely tuberculate; marginal petals 5-12 mm
lone Ee Gta aR raOR ..., we eae 1. L.heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss:
ate Mature fruits densely pubescent; peripheral petals 3—5mm long
Be aCS OG lo LRA neato) cs ee Ohi. Ah, SE ee nist 2. L.armena Schischk.
1, L.heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1088; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
MI, 137.— L. grandiflora Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sér. i] (1844) 54,—
Turgenia heterocarpa DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 218.
Annual; stem 15—80cm high, single or few, erect, simple or branching,
densely covered with very short hairs and rather long (ca. 1 mm) ones
with hamate tip; radical leaves withering early; lower cauline leaves on
more or less long petioles, broadly ovate, 6—7cm long, 4—5 cm wide, simple
to pinnate; leaf lobes oblong, sessile, the upper decurrent, like stem
covered with short hairs, with long spiny-tipped bristles along nerves;
upper leaves smaller, sessile on short sheaths with white-scarious margins.
Umbels of 8-15 short-hairy bristly rays; involucre and involucels of 5—6
oblong, subentire, scarious leaflets; petals white, the peripheral much
elongated, 10-12 mm long, 2-lobed up to middle or deeper; fruit ovoid,
I-10mm long, 5—6 mm wide, the juvenile finely scabrous, the adult glabrous,
more or less densely verrucose; the 3 dorsal ribs filiform or with distinct
wings with lanceolate prickles. May—June. (Plate XIV, Figures 2, 2b.)
Weed of crops.— Caucasus: S.Transec. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described
from Iran (near Pareh, province of Khoi, and along road from Bagdad to
Kermanshah). Type in Geneva.
2. L.armena Schischk. in Refer. n.-i. rabot za 1945 ¢@. (td? sBioleane
ANGSSSRD (947) Woe — te Syriaca Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 137,non Boiss.
Annual; root vertical, 3—4mm thick; stem 15—40cm high, branching
from base or only above, densely covered with very short hairs, mixed with
longer (1 mm) ones, with hamate tip; leaves broadly ovate, simple to
pinnate, like stem both sides Short-hairy, with rather long bristly hairs
along nerves and margins; leaf 8-10cm long, ca. 5cm wide; leaflets
oblong, 3—4cm long, 1-1.5cm wide, with antrorse, obtuse, triangular teeth.
Umbels 2.5—3.5cm across, of 5—6 angular rays with the same pubescence
as stem; involucre of 5 ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, sub-
entire, scarious leaflets slightly shorter than umbel rays; involucels of
5 ovate acuminate leaflets, nearly as long as umbels, scarious except for
midrib; petals white, the peripheral much elongated, 3-5 mm long, 2-lobed
* Named after Lisa, an authority on Italian mosses and student of Piemonte flora.
128
IC ‘
CC
SEIN ..
di)
‘Z
2,2b —Lisaea heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss.;
Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm.;
3 —L.armena Schischk.;
1-
PLATE XIV.
Orlaya platycarpos (L.) Koch.
4—
129
182
to middle or deeper; fruit densely villous-hairy, readily splitting, the
mericarps ovoid, 7mm long, 4mm wide, lateral ribs winged, with 3—4 bristly
teeth; median rib narrowly winged, 3—4-toothed; secondary ribs with few
hamate bristles; stylopodium conical; styles ca. 2mm long, often violet.
May—June. (Plate XIV, Figure 3.)
Plowed fields, crops.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Erevan). Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd. Described from Turkish Armenia (near Malazgirt). Type in
Leningrad.
Note. Similar to L. papyracea Boiss. in pubescence of fruits, but
distinguished by the lower stature, the narrower wings of the mericarp and
the leaves, which are hairy on both sides, not glabrous with scabrosity
confined to nerves and margins.
Genus 963. ORLAYA* Hoffm.
Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 58
Flowers often bisexual, some staminate; calyx of 5 subulate teeth;
petals oblong-obcordate, with narrow, acute incurved tip, gradually or
abruptly tapering to short claw at base, outer petals of peripheral flowers
4—10 times as large as the others, deeply 2-lobed; fruit ellipsoid, strongly
compressed dorsally; the 5 main ribs filiform, with many rows of short
bristles; the stereomes in flat bundles linear or falcate in cross sections;
the 4 secondary ribs more highly developed, nearly winged, filled with
spongy, thin-walled tissue with 1—3 rows of recurved prickles with flattened
base and hamate apex; canals Single under valleculae, 2 at commissure;
more or less numerous crystals in mesocarp, toward commissure;
albumen plano-calyciform, slightly notched; stylopodium 2-cleft at tip or
nearly to middle; styles 4—5 times as long as the short stylopodium.
Annual nearly entirely glabrous herbs, with repeatedly pinnatisect leaves;
involucre and involucels of many leaflets with broad white scarious margins.
Three species in the floristic region of the Mediterranean and in Central
Europe.
1. Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays 5—8; peripheral petals elongate,
8—10 times as large as the others; secondary ribs equal; styles
eas Anata WOR. apg 2 AN iecs Lane 1. O. grandiflora (L.) Hoffm.
1 Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays 2—3(5); peripheral petals 4—5
times as long as the others; 2 outer secondary ribs nearly twice as
long as the others (median); styles 1.5-2 mm long
Section 1. EUORLAYA Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 216'5.. =sDaltleulisiesect.
Orlaya Celak in Bot. Zeit. XXXI (1873) 44. — Orlaya sect. Orlaya
Thell. in Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mitteleur. Weal 926) 1068.— Leaflets of perianth
and umbel rays 5—8(12); peripheral petals 8-10 times as large as the
others; secondary ribs equal; styles 2.5-4mm long, with subglobular
disciform stigma.
* Named after Johann Orlay, botanist and physician, secretary of the Medical- Surgical Academy in Moscow.
130
183
1. O. grandiflora (l..) Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 58; DC. Prodr. IV,
Z0G-wedos (le wROsSshly oo ozo; Polen hls WAZ Hoss. 20, 1165 Grosses,
Fl. Kavk. I, 138.— Caucalis grandiflora L. Sp. pl. (1753)
240.- Daucus grandiflorus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed.2 (1772) 189, nec.
Wech: eohmmalion Hl eel. Dn iomain dit Vosiuishi vers ty pakeuls sHilorinet
Paol. Fl. anal. Ital. II, 1 (1889) 89.- Platyspermum grandiflorum
Mert. et Koch in Roehl: Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, II (1826) 360.— Ic.: Rchb.
ieee G erm SON tab L998; Heo liiny Perce hail rash Caller,
Iter taur. tert. No. 618; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4326.
Annual; root simple, thin, fusiform; stem usually erect, 10—50cm high,
simple or branching from base, glabrous; leaves bi- or tripinnate, glabrous,
sometimes with scattered bristles along nerves and scabrous-ciliate
margins, sheathing bases of lower leaves with white-scarious margins, upper
leaves sessile on sheaths; lobes of first order rounded-ovate, obtuse, lobes
of last order linear, ca. 1mm wide, entire, short-mucronate. Umbels ca.
5cem across, pedunculate, the 5-10 rays short-scarious inside; leaflets of
involucre 5, lanceolate, acuminate, greenish with whitish longitudinal nerves
and broad scarious-ciliate margin, leaflets nearly as long as umbel rays;
involucels of 3—8-leaved elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate leaflets
exceeding the rays; umbellets with 2—4 pistillate and numerous staminate
flowers; petals white, sometimes with reddish or violet tinge, the peri-
pheral much elongated, 8—13(18)mm long, nearly 10 times as long as the
others; fruit ovoid, 10mm long,5mm wide; secondary ribs equal; styles
2.5-4mm long. June-July. (Plate XIV, Figure 1.)
Light oak forests, limestone slopes, roadsides, abandoned fields. —
Bucopean part: Crim; Caucasus: W.Pranses;) Centr Asiay sy. WD.
(Khodzhent). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described
HEOMmM Scope. Lype in leondon:
Section 2. PLATORLAYA Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 265.— Daucus
sect. Heteracanthion Celak. in Bot. Zeit. Neue Rehe, XXXI (1873) 44,
p. p.— Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays usually 2—3(5), marginal petals
not more than 5 times as long as the others, 4—5(8)mm long, mericarps
with 2 outer secondary ribs nearly twice as long as the median, styles
1.5—2 mm long, with decurrent stigma.
2. O.platycarpos (L.) Koch, Umbell. (1824) 79; DC. Prodr.IV, 209;
db ie Ross lsat Boiss. mi or ll lO Grosse. Hiky way it, Foon —
G@rwuncraNleingsen pallantny Clare Os = ep Se mols. (LiGS)p Qala Cn Claw. CO@ne es) bic
Samplemcliss) meesyst. ed. Old 759)— Wauleuls plaithsera pus Celak.
in Bot. Zeit. XXXI (1873) ZANE SCOpe sy Siinaclvion EM my amp eC ICO,
in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII, tab. 9 (1824).— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 1727.
Annual; root thin, fusiform, simple; stem usually erect, 10—30cm high,
often branching from base, the lower half covered sparsely by stiff
spreading hairs or glabrous; leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate, petioles and
nerves rather densely covered with spreading bristly hairs, lower and
median leaves ovate, 3—6cm long, 1.5—4cm wide, with oblong white-scarious
sheath, stiff-ciliate along margin; lobes of first order broadly ovate, of
the last order lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-—1mm wide, obtuse or
131
184
185
acute but without distinct mucro. Umbels 2—3cm across, pedunculate, of
2—3(4) smooth or nearly smooth rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels
2—3(5), lanceolate, acuminate, entire or incised above, with scarious-ciliate
margin, nearly as long as rays; umbellets with 2—4 pistillate and numerous
staminate flowers; petals white, the peripheral elongated to 5mm, 5 times
as long as the others; fruit ovoid, 10mm long,5mm wide. Fl. May, Fr.
June-July. (Plate XIV, Figure 4.)
Southern slopes, frequently on limestone slopes in mountain forests,
vineyards, exposed slopes, roadsides. — European part: Crim. (southern
shore); Caucasus: Dag., Cisec., W., E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Mea...
Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Italy. Type in London.
Tribe 3. CORIANDREAE Koch, Umbell. (1824) 82.— Flowers bisexual or
staminate in terminal umbels; marginal petals usually elongated, deeply
2-partite; fruit globose-ovoid, smooth, geminate or of 2 firmly united sub-
globose mericarps with inconspicuous or slightly prominent arcuate ribs,
often without oil tubes, with 2 large canals at commissure; the woody
mesocarp gives the mericarps a nutlike aspect. Albumen calyciformly
concave.
Genus 964. CORIANDRUM * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 256.— Ke ramocarpus Fenzl in Russeg. Reise, II (1843) 966.— Ceramocarpus
Wittst. Ethym.-bot. Handwort. (1852) 173
Flowers bisexual, in part staminate. Sepals 5, dentiform, irregular,
persistent; petals white or pink, obcordate, with incurved obtuse or notched
incurved lobe, the peripheral elongated, deeply 2-cleft; fruit globose, firm,
nut-shaped, mericarps separating with difficulty, subcircular in cross
section, smooth when fresh, when ripe with 5 undulant protruding ribs and
6 alternate erect filiform eminences, giving 10 undulant and 10 erect ribs
for entire fruit (if the commissural ribs are counted separately from the
fused marginal ribs, the total is 12); median layer of fruit wall woody, the
stratum of thick-walled cells interrupted only at commissure by thin
parenchymatous cells; canals in valleculae0, at commissure 2; stylo-
podium conical; styles elongate; carpophore weakly developed, 2-cleft,
the lower half fused with commissure; albumen concave.
Two species, Mediterranean area.
i Casativirme le Spayple eden (la 53) 250-0 Idlsesk ls Ross.II, 367; Boiss.
JailG @ie> IW; SZ Ws Slausavaule sy Uo AO. Gieoseas Ml. Kade, Wily Se. =C . majus
Gouan, Hort. Monsp. (1768) 145.— C. diversifolium Gilib. Fl. lithuan.
II (1782) 26.— C. globosum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 166.— C. melphi-
tense Pen. et Gun. Ind) sem. Horti Neap, (1837) 3.— Selinum~ cont
andrum E.K.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed.2 XII (1904) 163.—
lets. Svecetsiclys. slide seen IVs ke gub. Il, p. 428; Komar., Sb., sushka i razved.
lekarstv. rast. ed. 3, Fig. 50 (1917).
* From koriannon — the Greek name of coriander in Aristophanes, Theophrastus and others; presumably
from the Greek koris — bug, anison — anise.
60115 1 132
|
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186
Annual; entire plant glabrous; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 20—70cm
high, cylindrical, finely sulcate, branching above or from base; leaves pale
green, the radical early withering, long-petioled, entire, incised-dentate or
3-lobed or 3-partite or pinnate, with rounded-cuneate, incised-dentate leaf-
lets; lower cauline leaves bipinnate, with few ovate pinnatifid leaflets
usually with cuneate base; median and upper cauline leaves sessile on
sheaths with broadly scarious margin, bi- or tripinnatisect into linear or
subfiliform, usually entire, acute lobes. Umbels long-pedunculate, of 3-5
glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1 leaflet; involucels secund, usually of
3 very narrow, filiform-subulate leaflets with tuft-like tip; calyx-teeth
triangular-lanceolate or linear, irregular, 2 outer much longer than the 3
inner; petals white or reddish, the peripheral unpaired, petals 3-4mm
long, deeply 2-lobed, with oblong- obovate lobes, the 2 adjacent petals
asymmetrical, obliquely obcordate, 2-lobed, the anterior lobe much larger
than the posterior, 2 remaining petals small, symmetrical, obcordate;
petals of remaining flowers faintly notched; fruit globose, 2-5 mm across,
brown- or straw-yellow; styles elongate, diverging at acute angle, a= 3)
times as long as conical stylopodium, with slightly thickened tip. June—July.
Cultivated, often as weed of gardens and crops, near dwellings and road-
sides. — European part: Balt., U. Dnp., Wis Wes Mle IDinjoss Wee lDyoiat, Ibi. 1Derat,
V.-Kama, Transv.; Far East: Uss.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., Wire ie) alaG
Siranse.; Centg. Asia: Amu D.,Syr. DW. ©. Slag, Miia, ‘IWwuelkon, (GrSiag
distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., introduced in N.
and S.Am. Described from Italian fields. Type in London.
Economic importance. The young stems sometimes (Georgia) serve as
spice, called "'kinza.'' The dried stems serve as fuel. The fruit contains
from 0.68 to 0.8—0.9% (1.18%) essential coriander oil, with coriandrol as
main component and 5% pinene. The oil is obtained by soaking the fruit in
water for 12—16 hours and distilling it with water. It is used in the making
of perfumes, in the manufacture of soap and liqueurs, and as a substitute
for many aromatic substances to improve the taste of medicines. Wine wicwals
is sometimes used to flavor pastries and as a spice for canned meat
products.
The fruit also contains 18% fatty oil. This is extracted from the residue
of the distilled essential oil, for use in manufacture of soap and in the
textile industry. After the extraction of fatty oil protein-rich oil cakes
are obtained which are fed to cattle. According to Belyaev their composi-
tion is: water 20.97%, protein 12.88%, fat 4.15%, nitrogen-free extractive
substances 20.7%, cellulose 34.4% and ash 7%.
The green plant too contains essential oil; its composition is entirely
different from that of the fruit.
Coriander is indigenous to the Mediterranean countries, but is cultivated
in Central and South Europe, in the central and southeastern parts of the
European part of the USSR and in the Caucasus.
133
187
188
Genus 965.* SCHTSCHUROVSKIA Rgl. et Schmalh.**
Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn. antropol. i etnograf. Mosk. univ.XXIV, 2 (1881) 40
Calyx-teeth acuminate, with broad base; petals obovate or oblong,
acutely notched or emarginate, with acute inward curved lobe; stylopodium
semiconical, bearing styles 3 times as long as stylopodium; fruit sub-
globose or ovoid, circular in cross section, smooth, glabrous, with longi-
tudinal furrows or striae; mericarps hard, firmly united (not even a hammer
stroke will separate them); the stereomatic girdle of each mericarp is
completely fused; ribs and valleculae are inconspicuous; oil tubes
numerous, in 2 zones: above and under stereome, without any particular
order, and 1 in each vallecula and rib; usually only 1 seed develops per
fruit; crystals absent. Low perennial herbs with reduced internodes;
leaves bi- or tripinnatisect, with palmate or verticillate lobes; involucre
of 1-6 small, caducous leaflets; involucels of 7—11 linear-lanceolate or
subulate leaflets.
Two species, in the mountains of W. Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai.
1p eeanineona plete lyre lallaicOUs) |) eee Aare anes 1. S.melifolia Rgl. et Schm.
ate BeEavesSESeavcOusi a «soe ¢ Lee 2. S.pentaceros (Korov.) Schischk.
1. S.meifolia Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn.
antropol. i ethnograf. Mosk. univ. XXIV, 2 (1881) 40; Lip sida iaace sore
Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 76; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 66.— S. margar-
itae Korov. in Izv. Inst. Pochvov. i geobot. Sredneaz. Gos. iniv. I (1925)
LOSE ic=. ozo Pol pibide, tables, Hisure a.
Perennial; root neck covered with numerous leaf sheaths and remnants
of leaves; stem 10—30(40) cm high, usually single, with reduced internodes,
branching at base, glabrous, sulcate; branches long, nearly leafless, since
leaves mostly radical or at base of branches; radical leaves short -petioled,
the others with expanded membranous sheaths; leaf blades in general
oblong or oblong-linear, 10—12 cm long, 2.3—2.5cm wide, bipinnatisect, the
lobes obovate, palmately (rarely nearly pinnately) divided into numerous,
small, acute, linear-lanceolate, linear or setiform lobules 1—3 mm long,
0.5mm wide. Umbels of 10-15 markedly unequal rays, the inner much
shorter than the rest; involucre of 1—6 small, acute, caducous leaflets;
involucels of 7—11 linear-lanceolate or subulate leaflets; umbellets 8—11-
flowered, one male, the others bisexual, central flowers usually bisexual,
sessile, the outer usually male; petals white; fruit subglobose; stylo-
podium not developed. May—June. (Plate X1Va, Figure 2; Plate XV,
Figure 5.)
Stony slopes, alpine and subalpine grass plots, 2,400 to 3,300m.-— Centr.
Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent-Ala-Tau, Kara-Tau and Fergana ranges), Pam.-Al.
(Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Makshevat Gorge at the
Zeravshan River, from Fedchenko's collections. Type in Leningrad.
* Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko.
** After the noted geologist G.E.Shchurovskii, president of the Society of Natural Science, Anthropology and
Ethnography.
134
(189)
PLATE XIVa. 1 — Kosopoljanskia turkestanica Korov.; 2—Schtschurovskia meifolia
Rgl. et Schmalh.
135
IG)
2. S.pentaceros (Korov.) Schichk.— Kosopoljanskia pentaceros
Korov. in Trud. Turk. nauchn. obshch. I (1925) 1 Qae—Wlicat, Tord pir crmage le
Perennial; root rather thick, vertical; stems nearly obsolete, few leaf-
less umbels produced from radical rosette; leaves glaucescent, radical,
prostrate on ground, oblong, 8cm long, 2cm wide, scabrous from scattered
short hairs, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, on short petioles expanded to
sheath, primary lobes, remote, sessile, lobes of the last order narrowly
lanceolate or spatulate, 2—3 cm long, 0.5—1.5mm wide, with callous-mucro-
nate apex. Umbels of 7-10 rays, central umbel sessile, fertile, the lateral
nearly sterile; leaflets of involucre 1—3, linear-subulate, caducous;
umbellets 10—15-flowered; involucels of 6—10 lanceolate leaflets nearly
as long as umbellets; calyx-teeth spreading lanceolate-subulate, hardening
and elongating in fruit; petals oblong, 1.5—1.7mm long, white, violet along
midrib, notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit short-cylindrical, glabrous,
rarely with short hairs, 5mm long, 2.5-4mm wide, with protruding
cylindrical ribs; pericarp with thick annular sclerenchymatous layer, no
canals under valleculae, 2 very narrow ones at commissure; stylopodium
conical; styles erect or hardly divergent, 3mm long, nearly half the length
of the fruit. July—August.
Stony slopes, ca. 2,200m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described
from Kirghiz Ala-Tau. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 966. KOSOPOLJANSKIA* Korov.
Korov. in Tr. Turkest. nauchn. obshch.I (1928) 85
Calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, half the length of the petals, persistent
in fruit, soft, not hardening; petals oblong, white, notched, with inward
curved lobe; fruit ovoid or short-cylindrical, smooth or slightly scabrous;
stylopodium conical, sometimes undulant at base; styles erect or recurved;
mericarps with 5 conspicuous ribs; canals under valleculae inconspicuous
in ripe fruit, sometimes 1 narrow canal in each rib, 2 at commissure or
canals obsolete; pericarp with annular sclerenchymatous tissue or paren-
chymatous; albumen dorsally inflated in cross section, sloping-concave at
commissure. Perennials with bipinnate leaves.
Monotypic genus, in the mountains of W. Tien Shan.
1. K.turkestanica Korov. in Tr. Turkestansk. Nauchn. obshch.I (1923)
bol les: Koroyvendoid.. bourne 1.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, glaucous; root thick, vertical, root
neck covered with brown scale-like remnants of leaves; stems 20cm,
sometimes to 40—60cm high (var. altissima Korov.), branching from
base, the lower branches alternate, the upper whorled, in groups of 3,
exceeding central umbel; radical leaves oblong, 5-6cm long, ca. 2cm
wide, bipinnatisect, the petioles shorter than the blade, expanding at sheath,
primary lobes linear, sessile, remote, terminal lobes elliptic, 2mm long,
1.5mm wide or linear (var. altissima Korov.); cauline leaves few,
* After B.M.Kozo-Polyanskii, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and professor
at Voronezh University, who greatly advanced the study of the Umbelliferae.
136
192
smaller, sessile on oblong sheath, uppermost with obsolete blade. Umbels
of 7—18 smooth, unequal rays, considerably elongating and slightly thicken-
ing in fruit; central umbel larger than the lateral; involucre 0 or of 1—4
caducous lanceolate-subulate leaflets; umbellets 15-flowered; involucels
of 5—7 lanceolate-linear leaflets; all flowers in central umbel fertile, in
lateral umbels either all flowers staminate or some fertile; calyx-teeth
lanceolate, not hardening; petals ovate, notched, with inward curved tip;
fruit ovoid or subprismatic, 4-5mm long, 3mm wide, 8-faceted in cross
section, glabrous; mericarps with slightly protruding ribs. Fl. June, Fr.
July—August. (Plate XIVa, Figure 1; Plate XV, Figure 6.)
Solonetzic soil.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described
from Talass Ala-Tau. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 967. FUERNROHRIA* C. Koch
C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 356; Boiss. Fl. or.II, 920
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, deeply notched,
with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, with
cork-like pericarp; stylopodium short-conical; styles short, divergent;
mericarps with filiform dorsal ribs and inconspicuous or protruding
lateral ribs. Perennial herbaceous plant, the leaves bi- or tripinnate, with
setiform lobes.
Monotypic genus, endemic to the Caucasus.
1. F.setifolia C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 8569 IBoisSo: lil, Ores iil, P2O0s
Grosser il Male. 1M lS 0 © over) ai dug iia s Shen int Ose tim Ke ol ima aid.
Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exs. No. 163;
Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 434.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root fusiform, 0.4—0.8cm thick;
its neck covered with dark brown remains of dead leaves; stem single,
erect, 25—50cm high, simple or branching above; radical leaves early
withering, lanceolate, 3.5 cm long, 0.5—2 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect, on
petiole nearly as long as blade; lobes setiform, 3—6mm long, with cartilagin-
ous tip; cauline leaves similar to the radical, sessile on expanded sheath;
upper leaves smaller, with longer lobes (to 1.5cm). Umbel 3—7cm across,
of 7-13 smooth rays; involucre of 7-9 narrowly linear or subsetiform
upward-pointing leaflets 7/3 to '/ the length of the rays, sometimes 3-partite;
umbellets ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucels setiform, 3—5, shorter
than umbellet rays; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate,
deeply notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, iS) imaian
wide; dorsal ribs filiform, sometimes indistinct, the lateral protruding;
stylopodium short-conical; styles short (0.5mm long in fruit), divergent
OmREGe CUE VeGan eiuuliys. (Plate XV; Fisure 7; Table XV; Eigure 4.)
Mountain meadows, sometimes dampish.— Caucasus: Cisc., E. and S.
Transc. Endemic. Described from Darachichag. Cotype in Leningrad.
* After A.E.Fuernrohr, professor at the Regensburg Lyceum and author of the "Regensburg Flora” (born 1804,
died 1861).
137
193
Genus 968. SCHRENKIA * Fisch. et Mey.
Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 65.— Lipskya Nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser.1
IV (1937) 272
Calyx of 5 lanceolate teeth, persistent in fruit; petals white, broadly
ovate, hardly notched, with inward curved tip; fruit geminate, with flattened
stylopodium and divergent or recurved styles; mericarps subglobose,
glabrous or villous; dorsal ribs protruding or indistinct; dorsal canals
absent, sometimes 4—5 very narrow canals at commissure. Perennial
herbs, with bi- or tripinnate leaves.
Seven species, Central Asia, SW Altai and Sinkiang.
epitawolneiee OF TS Sarena Ba cae eave 5. S.vaginata (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey.
ats ManOlOeIeS one WS Le ISR e es Boe a a oe 6 oy es doe" Me ooo boc 6c Siivtere
2. Fruit densely covered with long villous excrescences ....... che ee
ats Fruit smooth or scabrous, withoutWong villi, Se) cayenne ee oo Ot aa
3... Fruit larce, 7mm long; 0mm wide; wmbels of 10—l5 rayce ae eee
AG EONS ORO Cer Oo pee Ce en ean Peas Aten caceecae -.... 1. S.insignis Lipsky.
2k Bruits mim Jone, fmm wide; umbelleis "of lb —2 bs icanicuen ss meen ener,
hd SO ROMeTTMG te Rate sotecinatem ails Ha Moke S -. 2, S.papillaris Rgl. et Schmalh.
4, Gus central flower of umbel fertile, the rest sterile; stems in lower
pani densely covered with petioles of dead lle@avyes) —.. sac 6c) eeenCneene
Niece e erie’ oh sist ce 61 6). Oe! oh one's) aero. ol ee tsp ch eine te 7. S.kultiassovii Korov.
+ ore ncaraly all Howe eSeieiet ile. 6 se. «yes ee Pacmomio ats aS) a6: siden Ole
5. Leaflets of involucre and involucels lanceolate, with broad scarious
Mogicenins IGL IOGIOSS Oi wae© last O1ecleic OWES, aMUICROMAIS ocosooonn5o6
of Ovo Ovo lo co CuaHONa O aYole caslicb bb by or ctanoes 6. S.pungens Rgl. et Schmalh.
ap Leaflets of involucre and involucels linear, without scarious margin;
leaf lobes of last order linear a ete ee tat aoe, Ueie letter Sethe; ah ey Coane bee ON
6. Plant 15-30cm high; terminal leaf lobes 5mm long, 0.5mm wide (Syr
D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh.). ...3. S.golickeana (Rgl. et Schmalh.) B. Fedtsch.
+ Plant 25—50cm high; terminal leaf lobes 5-10mm long, 1-2mm wide
ihe. fot ahtetNs Teed cree veh et ciaet omens te ~ssese- 4. OS. InVOluCrata Nol. eLnsecmmaallige
Section 1. LIPSKYA K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 73.— Genus
Lipskya Nevski in Act. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. USSR, ser. 1, IV (1937) 272.—
Fruit large, 7mm long, 10mm wide, with truncate base; commissure as long
as fruit; calyx persistent in fruit.
1, S.insignis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 73.— Anidrum
ims ome —Pole in irc. Bots Sada, OOCviIn(1 920) 75.— le ipsieyzal Tsay(Sy io =
DSM Nevin lice ote wits. CNT SOS Is eis trl VA (1937) 272.—
Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with remnants of dead leaves;
entire plant smooth or scattered spiny-scabrous; stems 20—25cm high,
erect, deeply sulcate, branching; radical leaves on long petioles expanding
to broad sheath, their blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatisect;
* After A.I.Shrenk who made extensive collections on four expeditions to Central Asia (1840-1843). These
are now housed in the V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
138
195
lobes of the last order lanceolate, with few acute teeth or pinnatifid; upper
leaves smaller, less dissected. Umbels of 10—15 unequal, 2-7 cm long,
acutely faceted rays; involucre multifoliate, of lanceolate-linear, entire or
elongate, pinnatisect, sometimes dentate leaflets; involucels of many
lanceolate, entire leaflets with scabrous margins; umbels with sessile
pistillate central flower and staminate marginal flowers, on rather long
pedicels; calyx-teeth lanceolate, large, subulate, persistent in fruit; fruit
geminate, 7mm long, 10mm wide, slightly laterally compressed; mericarps
subglobose, covered with villi, with 3 dorsally protruding ribs; canals 0;
carpophore not splitting; stylopodium flattened; styles recurved. May.
Herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described
from Yakkabag (W. Bukhara). Type in Leningrad.
Section 2. EU-SCHRENKIA K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 75.—
Fruit cordate, deeply notched at base; mericarps touching only at tip;
height of commissure nearly half its diameter, "/4—"/ the height of the fruit;
lateral ribs arcuate.
Series 1. Papillares K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915)
147 and in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 75.— Fruit covered with papilliform
excrescences, verrucose, or scabrous from soft villi. Umbellets of main
umbel with 1 or 2 rows of staminate flowers surrounding bisexual and
pistillate ones. Lateral umbels predominantly staminate, rarely with few
pistillate flowers.
2. S.papillaris Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada V, 2 (1878) 608. —
Sch.ugamica Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR,
XII (1948) 14.- Anidrum papillare K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
N.S. XXIX (1915) 147 and in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 78.
Perennial; root thick (to 3cm), multicipital above, covered with dark
brown, longitudinally splitting remnants of sheaths; stemsfew, 20—40cm
high, branching, obtusely ribbed, glabrous; leaves oblong, 12—25cm long,
2—5 cm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; terminal lobes acute or mucro-
nate, 2-5 mm long, 0.3-—0.7mm wide; petioles abruptly expanding at base,
more or less inflated amplexicaul sheath. Umbels 3-5cm across, of
15-25 scabrous, unequal, ribbed rays; involucre of many linear, recurved,
entire or pinnate leaflets, becoming deciduous in fruit; involucels of 7—9
narrowly linear, sometimes subfiliform, thinly acuminate leaflets nearly
as long as rays; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, small; petals broadly
elliptic, 2mm long, tapering at base to short claw, notched, with inward
curved tip; stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, longer than
stylopodium; fruit geminate, 6-7mm wide, 5mm high; mericarps sub-
globose, densely covered with long villi. Fr. July.
Stony slopes and red sandstones.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from Boroldai. Type in Leningrad.
139
196
3. S.golickeana (Rgl. et Schmalh.) B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedtsh. i
Perechen' rast. Turkest.III (1909) 125.— Sch. syrdarjensis Lipsky
in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 160, p.p.— Sch. involucrata ele
Schimalhe in wack Botensadasiver (1878). G06) ext pyloric Mi atalsie Wel wilted
Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 15.-—
Daucus goliokeanus Rgl. et Schmalh., ibid. 599.— Anidrum
golickeanum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soe. Nat. Moses NS: XXIx/ (1915) 147.
Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 75.- Bifora golickeana
K3-Pol-n in Bull.Soe: Nat. Mose: N.S: XxXiX1(1915) 147, imjadn. == Baca
ep Eye. Wi INO toe =
Perennial; stems erect, 15-30cm high, branching from base or middle,
cylindrical, strongly ribbed, with glabrous or finely scabrous ribs; cauline
leaves oblong, bi- or tripinnatisect, the short petiole expanded to amplexicaul
sheath; terminal lobes narrowly linear, to 5mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide, with
short mucro. Umbels of 15-20 unequal, scabrous rays; involucre multi-
foliate, of 10—12 unequal, linear-lanceolate, usually recurved, entire or
pinnatisect leaflets shorter than umbel rays; involucels of many linear-
subulate, entire leaflets nearly as long as or longer than the thinly pubescent
peduncles, rarely leaflets with denticulate apex; calyx-teeth rather large,
lanceolate, acuminate; petals white, rounded-obovate, with inward curved
tip; stylopodium pyramidal-conical at base; styles with capitate stigma
erect, becoming divergent, longer than stylopodium; fruit with prominent
ribs furnished with spines when young, later entirely glabrous. May—June.
Pebbly and steppe slopes, rarely among crops.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh.,
Syr D., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Syr Darya after collections
of Golick. Type in Leningrad.
4, S.involucrata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 606,
p-p-— Sch. songarica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 163.—
?Sch.vaginata Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 336,ex p.— Anidrum involu-
cratum K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 83.
Perennial; stem rather thick (0.5—0.8 em), 25—50cm high, ribbed, with
scabrous ribs, branching from base, the branches alternate below, whorled
above; radical leaves not known; cauline leaves broadly ovate, sessile on
strongly expanding, inflated sheaths, bi- or nearly tripinnate, smooth;
terminal lobes 3-10mm long, 1—2mm wide, with very Short mucro. Umbels
of 10—20 unequal, scabrous rays thickening in fruit; involucre of 7—10
linear recurved or prostrate, acuminate leaflets, shorter than rays; in-
volucels of 7—8 linear upright acute leaflets nearly as long as or much
shorter than the smooth umbel rays, rays thickening in fruit; fruit geminate,
3mm long, 4mm wide, scabrous, cylindric all=ribbed.)) shires lunes
Dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Lake Balkhash, Khantau). Endemic.
Described from the Khantau River valley. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Dyctiariae K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1915) 147.=
Fruit smooth or wrinkled. Usually all flowers fertile.
5. S.vaginata (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841)
65; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 366; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 2031.— Cachrys
vaginata Ldb. Fl. alt.I (1829) 366.- Anidrum vaginatum K.-Pol.
140
FAB TIe MSoC ou UNate Vins cH le SHExetine (119 5) P14 ta ozos Pol nin Elke Az,
Ross. XV, 80.— Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Ross.I, tab. 9.— Exs.: Bornm. Pl. turkest.
exs. a. 1913, No. 369, 433.
Perennial; root vertical, ca. lcm across, its neck covered with remnants
of stiff wide dead sheaths, branching from middle or base, lower branches
alternate, the upper whorled or opposite; radical leaves numerous, stiff,
oblong, 5-18 cm long, 1.5—-3cm wide, bipinnate, with opposite sessile lobes;
petiole 1-3cm; secondary lobes deeply dissected into ovate-lanceolate or
lanceolate, subulate-acuminate lobules, 1-5 mm long, 0.5-—1.5mm wide;
197 upper cauline leaves smaller, less dissected, sessile on short oblong sheaths.
198
Umbels 5—10cm across, of 10—20 irregular smooth rays; general involucre
0; umbellets many-flowered, ca. 1cm across; pedicels unequal, median
flowers sometimes subsessile; involucels of 8—10 linear-lanceolate, finely
acuminate leaflets with white-scarious margins, 1-4mm long; petals
rounded-ovate, hardly notched, with narrow inward curved point; fruit
geminate, ca. 3mm long, 4mm wide, smooth, with many brownish longi-
tudinal striae. May.
Stony steppes, pebbly slopes. — W. Siberia: Alt. (Kaldzhir River basin);
Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang.
Described from Dolenkar Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
6. S.pungens Rgl. et Schm. in Tr. BRO, Saca, Wy 2 (1878) SO%o— Sela
syrdarjensis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII (1904) 160 p.p.— Anid-
rum pungens K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147.—
A.vaginatum 8 pungens K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 82.—
Perennial; root thick, multicipital, some reduced stems densely covered
with remnants of wide stiff violet sheaths; stems simple or branching,
14—17cm high, glabrous, obtusely ribbed; leaves glaucescent, narrowly
oblong, 5—7cm long, 1-2 cm wide, bipinnate with remote primary lobes and
thickened broad rhachis; lobes of the last order lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute, 1.5-4mm long, 1—-1.5mm wide; petioles passing abruptly
into broad sheaths. Umbels 3—6cm across, of 11—16 smooth rays;
involucre of 7—10 lanceolate-linear, usually reflexed leaflets with slightly
scabrous margins; umbellets with few or many fertile rays; leaflets of
involucels linear, lanceolate, with whitish, slightly scabrous margins, usually
reflexed; fruit geminate, 4-5mm wide, 2.0mm high; mericarps subglobose.
June.
Pebbly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. Guys, its Sing Wo)
Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Series 3. Kultiassoviae Schischk.— Fruit smooth. Umbels with only 1
fertile flower.
7, S.kultiassovii Korov. in Schedis ad Herb. Fl. As. Med.II (1924)
22e—ebixcioce ele, Bi Ae Mie NOsa.Gre
Woody perennial, branching at base; shoots numerous, reduced,
herbaceous, sterile or fertile, 15—20cm high, erect, obtusely ribbed,
glabrous, densely covered with brown, subulate, suberect petioles of dead
leaves; leaves oblong, ca. 10cm long, 3—3.5cm wide, glaucescent,
141
(199)
PLATE XV. Transverse section of mericarps (scheme): 1 — Krasnovia longiloba (Kar. et Kir).
M.Pop.; 2—Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Bess.) K-Pol.; 3—Grammosciadium daucoides
DC.; 4—Albertia paleacea Rgl. et Schmalh.; 5 — Schtschurovskia meifolia Rgl. et
Schmalh.; 6 —Kosopoljanskia turkestanica Korov.; 7— Fuernrohria setifolia C.Koch.—
8—Danaa denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk.: 9 —Korshinskya olgae (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky.;
10 —~Hymenolaena pimpinellifolia Rupr.; 11 —Eleutherospermum cicutarium (M.B.)
Boiss; 12 -Aulacospermum simplex Rupr.; 183 —Cnidium dahuricum (Jacq.) Turez.; 14 —
Aulacospermum darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk.; 15 -Aulacospermum anomalum Ldb.;
16—Trachydium kopetdaghense Korov.
142
201
bipinnatisect; primary lobes remote, the secondary pinnatsect into
lanceolate-linear or linear-acuminate lobules, 1-2mm long; petioles short,
passing to lanceolate or amplexicaul sheaths. Central umbel larger than the
lateral, of 7—11 slightly scabrous or glabrous rays; involucre of 1—6 re-
flexed subulate, caducous leaflets with nearly spinose tip; umbellets with
single fertile flower; involucels of 6—8 linear-subulate, appressed or
prostrate persistentleaflets with scabrous margins; sepals lanceolate,
persistent; petals ovate, notched, with obtuse inward curved tip; fruit
geminate, 6.5—-7mm wide, 3.5-4mm high; mericarps subglobose, with
prominent irregularly arranged ribs; stylopodium conical, tapering to
elongate style. July.
Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from Duany-Tau Mountains. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 969. BIFORA* Hoffm.
Hoffm. Umbell. Gen. ed.2 (1816) 191.— Biformis Spreng. Anleit.II, 1 (1817) 635.- Atrema DC. Coll.
Mém.V (1829) 71.— Corion Hoffmgg. et Link, Fl. Port.II (1820) 450.- Anidrum Neck. Elem.I (1790)
188,nom. rejic.
Flowers bisexual and staminate, in all umbels; calyx-teeth obsolete;
petals similar or the peripheral elongate, white, obcordate, with inward
curved lobe; fruit geminate, 2 times as wide as high, markedly constricted
at commissure, separating into two subglobose, more or less tuberculate-
rugose or dotted mericarps; 5 main ribs seen as bands; pericarp with
woody median layer, parenchymatous only in upper part, near commissure;
in ripe fruit canals obliterated; stylopodium conical; albumen strongly
curved. Annual glabrous herbs, leaves bi- or tripinnate with pungent odor,
lobes linear.
Two species, of the Mediterranean floristic region.
1. Umbels of 2-3 rays; petals 0.75cm long; fruit very wrinkled; styles
OeAtmama Tome Ps? ey gk eines, eke 1, B.testiculata (L.) DC.
a3 Umbels of 3—8 rays; nerale to 3mm long; fruit slightly wrinkled;
Silos ogi Z saouse, Mowaver, Wit 4 61o.6.6.0 4.06 016 Gro oc 2. B.radians M.B.
Section 1. EUBIFORA (Calest.) Schischk.— Genus Anidrum sect.
Eubifora Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 273.— Umbels of 2—3 rays; fruit
very wrinkled, truncate; styles nearly as long as stylopodium.
1. B.testiculata (L.) DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 249; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 921;
Grosses Kays IMeeES oO) i Beadico ce clan Hotinay Wmabellmmediana (1816)
192.— B.flosculosa M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 234.- B.testi-
cularis Bub. Fl. Pyren.II (1900) 417.- Coriandrum testiculatum
espe ple i753) 256.) 2 di diy mi tmastokes) BotgiViat-.ivlieida tl: (1812)
Pie vesitac ullade) Saldisbseerodi- (17916) 1665-13 iomomeiis s flkorst—
Cuiloisaisprencs. Anlleitali i (hel) 6354 —B te sitieulatalsprens.n lac.
* From the Latin biforis — two-doored (bis — twice, foris — door),in referring to two perforations in
the pericarp, near the commissure.
143
202
(1817).— Corion testiculatum Hofmgg. et Link, Fl. Port. II (1820)
457.— Anidrum testiculatum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. (1891) 264. —
A.flosculosum Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) Zise— lew Bedehasand
Fler., Fl. Evrop. Ross. 681.
Annual; plant entirely glabrous; stems 10—25cm high, angular, branching
from base or only above; radical and lower cauline leaves on more or less
long petioles with sheaths, blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 3-4cm long, 1.5—
2cm wide, bipinnatisect; primary lobes broadly ovate, short-petioled,
pinnatifid into ovate-cuneate dentate lobules; median and upper leaves with
narrow linear acute lobes. Umbels of 2-3, 5-7mm long smooth rays;
involucre and involucels l-leaved or absent; umbellets of 2—3 fertile
flowers; petals white, 0.75mm long; fruit geminate, 2.5mm long, 5mm wide,
notched at base, very wrinkled; stylopodium short-conical; styles very
short. April. (Plate XVII, Figure 3.)
Among crops.— Caucasus: Dag., E.Transc. (former Karyagino District
[now Fizuli]) Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (introduced?). Gen. distr.:
W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from S.Europe. Type in London.
Section 2. ASTROBIFORA (Calest.) Schischk.— Genus Anidrum sect.
Astrobifora Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 2t3.— Umbels of 3>8 gays
fruit slightly wrinkled; styles nearly 10 times as long as stylopodium.
Zo breadians Vai. iis taum—cawes Il (1819) 23/330 lidbe, eit. Rosspalle
36a; 9 BoOIsse lor. L19225 Shnraltoy, Fl. 429) Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III,
[39 Organ ¢ tum) testi culatu may i. Sp. spl eda2.( LiG2)el44 oem
C.radians Prantl, Exkursionfl. Bayern (1884) 292.— Biforis testi-
culata Roth, Enum. Pl. Phanerog. Germ.I (1827) 888, nec Spreng. —
Anidrum radians O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. (1891) 274; Kozo-Pol. in Fl.
NZ EROS SOV olen) wechigamlicn Hie Gerimem SOweulbah sa Ocan
Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem 25—60cm high, simple, sulcate,
branching nearly from base, stems and leaves glabrous; leaves bi- or
tripinnate, the lower sometimes pinnate, with linear, entire, acute, lobes;
upper leaves sessile on expanded sheaths, with filiform or capilliform
lobes. Umbels of 3—8 thin, to 2.6cm long rays; involucre 0 or 1-leaved;
umbellets 7—9-flowered, peripheral flowers bisexual, with expanded petals,
the inner staminate, somewhat smaller, with nearly equal petals; petals
white, the peripheral 2-4mm long; involucels one-sided, with 2—3 subulate-
filiform leaflets; fruit ca. 3mm long, 6mm wide, very thinly granularly
wrinkled, notched at base and summit; stylopodium nearly obliterated in
ripe fruit; styles filiform, ca. 1.5mm long (half the diameter of the meri-
carp), simple at first, becoming appressed to fruit; stigma capitate. May—
June. (Plate XVII, Figure 2.)
Fields, gardens, vineyards.— European part: Crim., Bl., U. Dns.;
Caucasus: Dag., E.,W. and W.Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., As. Min.
(Artvin and others), Iran.; introduced in Centr. Eur. and N.Am. Described
from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
Tribe 4. SMYRNIEAE Koch, Umbell. (1824) 133.— Flowers bisexual:
calyx-teeth obsolete or very small; petals often clawed; stylopodium
144
B2.03
204
short-conical or flat or broadly inflated; fruit cylindrical, often compressed
laterally; primary ribs 5 per mericarp, filiform, protruding or narrowly
winged; fruit often constricted at commissure, sometimes nearly geminate;
canals encircling seed or 1—4 in valleculae; albumen crescent-shaped or
horseshoe-shaped in cross section with more or less deep furrow; pericarp
usually smooth; crystals absent near commissure.
Genus 970. ASTOMATOPSIS* Korov.
Korov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 29
Flowers polygamous; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals white, elliptic, with
constricted inward curved tip; stylopodium appressed-conical; fruit
geminate; mericarps curved, constricted at commissure, with obscure or
filiform ribs; canals numerous, obliterated in fruit; carpophore aborted;
pericarp thin, coriaceous; albumen concave at commissure. Perennial
herbs with deeply buried tuber, and tripinnate or biternate leaves.
One species, in W. Pamir-Alai.
1. A. galiocarpa Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN
UzSSR, XII (1948) 30.
Perennial; tuber subglobose, 0.8cm across, 0.5—3 cm below the surface;
stem single, 10—20cm high, glabrous, branching or nearly simple; radical
leaves solitary, the thin petiole longer than blade, blade nearly bipinnatisect,
ovate, 2.5cm long, 1.5cm wide, with few oblong lobes 6—10mm long, ca.
2mm wide, acute and glabrous above; cauline leaves few, the lower nearly
simple-pinnate, their petioles gradually expanding into oblong scarious
sheath; upper leaves sessile on sheath, cut nearly to base into narrow
lanceolate or linear, acute lobes. Umbels of 2—5 nearly uniformly thin
short glabrous rays, elongating in fruit, umbels 1.5—2cm long in flower,
to 6cm in fruit; involucre 0, or of 2—3 filiform or narrowly lanceolate leaf-
lets sometimes exceeding umbellets; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals white,
obcordate, ca. 1mm long, with shallow or deep notch, tapering to short
claw; stamens curved or suberect, ites to 2 times as long as petals; anthers
small, ovoid, white; unripe fruit glabrous, obscurely geminate, 1.5mm long,
2mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; style recurved, twice as long as
stylopodium. July—August.
Pebbly and stony slopes in alpine zone.— Centr. Asia: Pans
Endemic. Described from Tupalang River valley on Gissar Range. Type
in Tashkent.
* Derived from Astoma, another genus of the family, and the Greek opsis — appearance.
145
205
Genus 971.* SCALIGERIA ** DC.
DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 70
Flowers bisexual; calyx edentate; petals white, rarely slightly violet,
equal, obovate, concave along midrib, without distinct claw, notched or
incised, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium more or less conical
or disciformly flattened; styles short, curved; fruit globose to cylindrical,
without distinct ribs; commissure narrow; resinous canals 1 per vallecula,
large, sometimes 3—5—6, in the latter case narrow, interrupted, sometimes
obliterated in ripe fruit; carpophore split above, pericarp thin, without
stereomes, Close to ribs with outer layer of radially elongated transparent
cells; albumen of seed flat or concave inside, rarely more or less fur-
rowed. Annual, 1-, rarely 2-stalked, monocarpic herbs, with hypocotyl
tuber at ground level; umbels with involucre and involucel; embryo with
2 cotyledons.
Twenty-two species inthe Mediterranean area, from Asia Minor to Tarbaga-
tai in Central Asia. Many of the species grow in the USSR. Most of the
Central Asian species grow in the southern provinces. S.setacea
(Schrenk) Koroy. alone extends northwards, to the western spurs of
Tarbagatai, where it often forms thickets in the mountainous parts, from
the low foothills right up to the subalpine belt.
Economic significance. S. allioides (Larin) is mentioned in the
literature for its food value. In this respect S.alaica and S.hirtula
are also valuable. S.allioides was found to contain to 0.11%, and
S.hirtula to 0.19% essential oils of unknown composition (Kudryashev).
Note. Experiments with many of the Central Asian species, carried
out in Tashkent, have shown good germination and acclimatization. Moisture
was found to affect growth. When favorable, the plants develop as biennials;
when not their life-cycle lasts from 3—5 years. Both in cultivation and in
nature the leaves shed quickly.
Though their practical value has been little studied, species of Scali-
geria,especially S.tschimganica (umbels), are worthy of attention as
sources of essential oil, starch and food, and as ornamentals. Because of
their high adaptability all members of the genus are recommended for
artificial grass reseeding in arid areas by seeds or annual tubers (fall
sowing).
1. Fruit rounded when viewed laterally or more or less ovoid....... 2.
Hust Knesr when viewed laterally: numielis.acclllla av) lal
Bs) eikoh crkedte: vo Rogen hee (cigs io rot Kpucw cian va hohe were ~see-, 18. Sitschimpganica Koro.
A A AE SUE OU IOS Cs hal cm, e.8, cate ee Cue none hae a ay Ree 2+ 2 shcieeuem eee 3.
ae ee ICEDLE OW ONG ater ionig rats eaty cine tet crore orate Sse @ Siabe es Mee ene ee i.e, ah eunOke
3. Umbels many-rayed (25-28); leaflets of involucels broadly lnaeeclens
or oval; petals nearly Mat 2. a. «oe os ae Los, SapOly canescens
+ Umbels of 2-8 rays; leaflets of involucels lanceolate or oblong ... 4.
a Umbels or 2—5 rays (Pame-Ale) 2 eo. oeee. 2. S. buchariea Koray
* Treatment by E.P.Korovin,
** After J.C.Scaliger (1484-1558), physician and teacher in Agen, France, an interpreter of the works of
Theophrastus and Aristotle regarding plants.
146
206
16.
Umbels of 5-8 rays (Kopet-Dagh) .-- +++ +eee seer reece
Be Me Be Sek TNL oS). a 2. §.kopetdaghensis (Korov.) Schischk.
Leaflets of involucels oval or oblong-oval, concave .-++-+--. Bene an Oe
Leaflets of involucels narrower lanceolate to Seimei “od 60 a0 0 8.
Fruit scabrous, covered with short papillae, fertile umbels compact;
aulbyare) Gyelvesqieell S Gus og .a0G) 0 de lc S. allioides* (Rgl. et Schm.) Boiss.
HU GIMOO Lh Hees weenie etl (© tier je/eeltah «>, «vy olvsiys) rene RAPT Sts POMPSEAE St oro ese)! is
Umbels in corymbiform branches; tuber oblong -«+++++-+++::s
Th (ole Mad We: BELT May SUPREME EAE ae 12. S.glaucescens (Dc.) Boiss.
Umbels in paniculate branches; tuber Wali sag ban cond op oO 30
MRSA WED be ai tear tae (ee ay tS oer ew iie doletre ee eG Splat yoly lia: oro.
Stems distinctly inflated at nodes; ovary distinctly ribbed 5
Hua eee steel Roauen oy -owleursipioniecOpsets 54 saua tery chieumets 3. S.lipskyi Korov.
Stems more or less cylindrical, not inflatedsat modes! «ls leieikeetlue 2.
Leaves manifoldly dissected into filiform or narrowly linear lobes
We pe Ve acia as ue ORG AAAS INS ape eann ner ouek lem ono Myc s onCke aU
Terminal lobes, especially of radical leaves, oval or more or less
lanceolate, incised or dentate ..-+s++seseseeeeee> ae eee 13
Tuber cylindrical; stem more than 1m tall; fruit up to 3.2mm
ISTE CM. of Br Geto Oat 6S, GORGES: a elon oe Me .2uoqonucanarical Koro.
Tuber ovoid or spherical; stem not exceeding OW aa 1559 5 7) Me Fg ood
Branches corymbiform; leaflets of involucres and involucels
resembling bristles ...-++++++-+2e:s 19. S.setacea (Schrenk) Korov.
Branches paniculate; leaflets of involucres and involucels
laimeeolaike 64566656500 676015 5.515 Ga) O10 BP Aerio Mon shite ycs a Mes oko Cho Ag
Rays of umbels numerous (10-15); leaves dissected, sections 3—
7mm long; tuber spherical .....--- 7, S.alaica (Lipsky) Korov.
Rays of umbels few (3—5); terminal sections of leaves ‘hs of their
length; tuber more or less oblong -.+-+-+-+--> 9, S.korovinii Bobr.
Umbels on corymbiform branches; umbel rays nearly equal.... 14.
Branches paniculate; umbel rays of unequal length ...-.--+--s Ls
Stem hollow, smooth, with glaucous bloom; leaves thrice dissected
into linear-lanceolate sections ...-....- 105. S.ferganensis Lipsky.
Stems not hollow, distinctly sulcate-ribbed; leaves of a different
shape TERS. x PINE Dm eS STIS MR Nhe Weide. fo andcM tag's Wadhefa'eme yo ewtehtermeraamieize IB
Plant 40—50cm high, sometimes scabrous from short hairs; lower
leaves pinatisect into oval, incised-dentate sections; umbel rays
3-—5cm long; tall plants of the foothills A ious anu Sistine caus esis yO saeimaite
Bee NE YS it Uh ca eh ict _.... 14. S.hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky.
Plant 30—40cm high; leaves bipinnatisect into lanceolate, trifid
sections: umbel rays 2-4 cm long «6% + «= + + ee 2 ee ee =o 6 LO.
Flowers white; stems sulcate; umbels with spreading rays; re-
sinous canals numerous, narrow, persistent in ripe fruit; plants of
Ghiwy, Sicualchy Nous yO GN C7D OIE GS Toi5 0 1D)5 DIG OAc 17. S.transcaspica Korov.
Flowers faintly purple turning white; stems smooth below, slightly
sulcate above, umbels with declinate rays; canals in pericarp
inconspicuous; plants of high mountain belt ..-2-22e+eeeeceses
nek EA A he gtk reac Gah ite TEMA aoe Pode ye 16. S.korshinskyi (Lipsky) Korov.
* In the mountains of Kara-Tau there occurs S.karavatica, closely related to S.allioides, from
which it differs by a lobate tuber, 2—3 stems, and a more xeromorphous habit. As no specimens are
available it has not been included here.
147
ie SLyhopodmum| Conical, naa sSivices: | wsweacelsmwee 2 ofa See have egelae cl veteMs Lom
a Stylopodium flattened-conical; each furrow with 3 equal canals;
leaves pinnatisect into narrowly lanceolate, partite sections
207 aluperbenieihomel ee na Celio email utet Isaieiasuets oes eee se ee LO. S.Samarkandiea Korov.
18. Leaves pinnatisect into small, cylindrical, acutely toothed sections;
umbels 10-flowered; fruit distinctly compressed dorsally, gray;
each furrow with 3—4, unequal resinous canals OOM OPO core faa ob
sjileh eich oulehheure Netke se ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ©64. S.knorringiana Korov.
ais Leaves bipinnatisect into small, oblong-lanceolate, 2—3-lobed
sections; umbels 20-flowered; fruit cylindrical, brown; each
furrow with numerous narrow, resinous canals. ..5. S.conica Korov.
Subgenus 1. Eueleosticta Korov.— Seeds flat or concave inside.
Section 1. PANICULATAE Korov.— Umbels on paniculate branches.
1. S.bucharica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Fl. Bot. Sacee We iL. 5 (1924)
79; in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 32.— Ic.: loc. (1928)
tabl.1, Figure 2.
Perennial; smooth glaucescent plant, with ovoid, turnip-shaped root;
stem to 80cm tall, whitish, thinly sulcate, branching from middle to form
spreading panicle of thin leafless branches; cauline leaves with amplexicaul
petioles; blade tripinnatisect into short-petiolate sections pinnatipartite
in turn into broadly linear, acuminate lobes; upper leaves with lanceolate-
subulate sheath; umbels 2—7cm across, of 3—9 spreading, unequal rays;
leaflets of involucre 2—5, short, lanceolate-linear, unequal; umbellets 5—
10-flowered, involucel often of 5 unequal leaflets; petals 1mm long, elliptic,
with short inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit globular,
geminate, 1.6mm across; mericarps subrounded in cross section, smooth,
with rather broad commissure; 3 resinous canals occupying each furrow,
4 broad canals at commissure. June—July.
Grows on loose weathering products of gypsiferous sandstones, in lower
mountain belt, dry slopes in higher belts.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan,
Gissar Range, Babatag Mountains). Endemic. Described from Babatag
Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
2. S. kopetdaghensis (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Physospermum
kopetdaghense Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Fl. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 84, —
Exs.: P.Sintenis, Iter transcasp.-pers. 1900—1901, No. 572.
Perennial; root thickened, tuberiform, ovoid, its neck covered with dark
brown fibrous leaf-remnants; stem single, 50-100 cm high, erect, sulcate,
208 branching nearly from base, glabrous, often faintly violet; radical leaves
early withering, glabrous, petioles long sheathing, nearly tripinnatisect,
triangular-ovate, 5-9cm long, 4-8cm wide; primary lobes petioled,
secondary sessile, ovate, dissected into oblong rounded lobules; cauline
leaves crowded below, similar to radical but smaller. Umbels 1.5—6cm
across, of 5—7unequal, glabrous acutely ribbed rays; umbellets 9—11-
flowered; involucre of 5 oblong-lanceolate leaflets with narrow scarious
148
209
margins, acute, erect, ‘ to */5 the length of the rays; involucels of 5 leaflets
similar to those of involucre; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white,
broadly ovate, not notched; fruit geminate, smooth, 1.5mm long, 2mm wide,
with filiform ribs; stylopodium short-conical; styles divergent, longer than
stylopodium. May—June. (Plate XXXIV, Figure i105)
Dry slopes, near cliffs at 2,100m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic.
Described from Kopet Dagh Range. Type in Leningrad.
3. S.lipskyi Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928)
34. 1e.:) ibid, tabl. wy tig. 7.
Perennial; glabrous glaucescent plant; stem nearly 1m high, branching
from base to produce broad spreading panicle, sulcate, slightly thickened
at nodes; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, ca. 25cm long, like cauline
leaves stiff when dry, tripinnatisect into sessile sections, the terminal
broadly oval, nearly palmately divided into narrow linear spreading lobules
2.5mm long, 0.5mm wide; blade of upper leaves obsolete, lobes slightly
longer than blade. Umbels of 1—3 unequal 3—35mm rays; umbellets
dense, 15(10) flowered; leaflets of involucre 3, short-lanceolate; leaflets
of involucels 5, oblong-lanceolate, nearly as long as umbellets; petals
ovate, with curved tip; ovary oblong, with flattened-conical stylopodium;
unripe mericarps distinctly ribbed; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula
variously developed. July.
Stony slopes and primary products of their weathering in lower belt. —
Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from Badkhyz.
Type in Leningrad.
4, S.knorringiana Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2
(1928) 35.—Ic.: Ibid., tabl. I, fig. 6.
Perennial; glaucescent, glabrous plant ca. 1m high; tuber ovoid; stem
erect, twice-thrice paniculately branching above middle, obscurely sulcate;
lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, to 15cm long, 4em wide, stiff when dry,
pinnatisect, their primary segments opposite, sessile, pinnatisect into
rounded, acutely toothed, ca. 3mm wide lobules; blade of median leaves
broader, thinner, upper leaves reduced to short lanceolate sheaths. Umbels
of 6—11, approximate, unequal rays to 3cm long; umbellets 11—12-flowered,
with 5 recurved leaflets; leaflets of involucre 5, lanceolate, obtuse; petals
1.5mm long, concave along midrib, notched, with short inward curved tip;
stylopodium conical, with undulant base; fruit oblong-ovoid, slightly
compressed dorsally, gray, 2.7mm long, 1.5mm wide; mericarps smooth,
with narrow commissure; resinous canals variously developed, 3—4 in
each vallecula, 6 towards commissure; pericarps with thick outer layer of
elongate radial cells. June—July.
Dry clayey hills with gypsiferous serozems and pistachio thickets. —
Genie. Asiacwnoyaice (eastern half of Fergana Valley), Pam.-Al. (Alai
Valley, Pamir?). Endemic. Described from Fergana. Type in Tashkent.
5. S.conica Korov. comb. nov.— Elaeosticta conica Korov. in
Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 31.
Perennial; plant to 1m high, pale green, subglabrous, with spherical
tuber; stem thin, sulcate, twice branching from middle or higher, lower
149
branches alternate, the upper opposite; leaves rachis with scabrous margin;
radical leaves on long petioles expanding below, their blade subrhombic,
primary sections bipinnatisect into small, 2mm long, oblong-lanceolate
2—3-lobate sections, lobes mucronate; cauline leaves reduced, the upper
represented by short sheaths. Umbels of 6-10 spreading, 5—-20mm rays;
leaflets of involucre 5, oblong, with parallel nerves; umbellets 20-flowered;
involucels of 8-10, oblong-oval, slightly violet leaflets; petals 0.8mm long,
with acuminate inward tip; stylopodium conical; fruit oblong-ovoid, brown,
obscurely ribbed, 2.7mm long; mericarps subcircular; resinous canals
narrow, numerous in valleculae; seeds concave. May—June.
Slopes of loose weathered gypsiferous rocks.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
(western spurs of Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Guzar. Type
in Tashkent.
210 6. S.platyphylla Korov. in Addenda XV, 426.
Perennial; glaucescent, slightly scabrous plant; root ovoid, ca. 5mm
across; stem 50cm high, cylindrical, sulcate, thrice branching below
middle to produce dense, oval panicle; leaves almost entirely glabrous;
petioles of radical leaves expanding at base; cauline leaves sessile, with
short triangular sheaths, tripinnatisect into Slightly scabrous, 5mm long
filiform sections; terminal leaves and leaves on branches reduced to short,
oval-lanceolate, acute sheaths with membranous margins. Umbels
numerous on tips of branches and laterally on secondary branches, very
short-peduncled, umbels of 5—7 thin, unequal, 5-—15mm rays; involucre of
°o oblong, 3-nerved, almost entirely membranous leaflets; umbellets 10-
flowered, involucels of 5—6 membranous, oblong-oval, 3-nerved leaflets as
long as pedicels, drooping when ripe; calyx without teeth; stylopodium
conical, acuminate; style shorter than stylopodium; fruit oblong-oval in
profile about as long as peduncle, light brown, 2.5mm long; mericarps
shiny, rugulose, slightly compressed dorsally without distinct ribs; resinous
canals very narrow, 3 between ribs, 6 towards commissure side. Fr. June.
Slopes, among pistachio.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz).
Endemic. Described from Kushka area. Type in Ashkhabad.
7. S.alaica (Lipsky) Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928)
39.—- Carum alaicum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII (1904) 127.—
Bunium alaicum Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1927) 208. — Ic.:
Korov., ibid., tabl.1, fig. 3.
Perennial; plant to 80cm high, entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, ca.
10mm across; stem with whitish stripes, paniculately branching nearly
from middle, branches mostly simple, rarely with short lateral branches;
radical leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, thin, repeatedly 3- to 4-
pinnatisect into straight filiform, to 7mm long sections; cauline leaves
wider, the upper reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels slightly compressed,
often of 10-12 unequal rays to 20mm long; leaflets of involucre 5—8,
linear-lanceolate; umbellets 15-flowered, involucel of 10 short leaflets;
petals 1mm long, obovate, notched, concave at midrib with curved tip,
Slightly violet becoming white; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit oblong-
211 ovoid, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm wide, without distinct ribs but mericarps
prominently 5-angled dorsally; resinous canals inconspicuous in ripe
fruit. June—July.
150
Mountains of steppe and meadow-steppe belt, herbaceous slopes, soft
soils, 1,200 to 2,300m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Chatkal
Ala-Tau, Kirghiz Ala-Tau, eastern part of Terskei-Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al.
(Alai Range, Karategin). Endemic. Described from Alai Range. Type in
Leningrad.
Note. This species is not constant throughout its wide distribution
area. A form from Karategin with many-rayed umbels — var. multi-
radiata Korov.(ibid.) — should be separated.
8. S.ugamica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, V, 5 (1924)
6; in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 42.— Ic.: ibid. (1928)
Paolegieeinicia 4: Piss a bia BY. AVE NOm coi.
Perennial; glaucescent entirely glabrous plant exceeding 1m, with
cylindrical tuber; stem sulcate, repeatedly branching above middle to
produce spreading panicle; radical leaves with long petioles expanding to
sheath; blade oblong-oval, of several divergent sections, the terminal
palmatissect into filiform to 5mm long, soft, early withering lobes; cauline
leaves simple, their sections broader; upper leaves reduced to lanceolate
sheaths. Umbels of 4—9 unequal, divaricate 1-4cm rays, sometimes
contracted (var. constricta Korov., ibid.); involucre of 5 short lanceo-
late leaflets; petals broadly obovate, 1mm long, deeply notched, with short,
acute inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit broadly
obovoid, smooth, 3.2mm long, 3mm wide; mericarps linear in dorsal view;
resinous canals narrow, numerous in valleculae and toward commissure;
seeds with 2 deep furrows toward commissure. July—August.
Nut forests, on soft, rich brown soils, 1,300—1,450m.— Centr. Asia:
T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Chatkal Ala-Tau), Syr D. (Fergana Valley).
Endemic. Described from Ugam Range. Type in Leningrad.
Note. A very close, inadequately studied species is S. kuramensis
Korov. described from Angren (Elaeosticta kuramensis Korov. in
Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UZzSSR, XII (1948) 31), differing by
wider leaf lobes. This is only known in its vegetative state.
9. S.korovinii Bobr. in Addenda XV, 427.
Perennial; pale green plant to 45cm high, entirely glabrous, with oblong-
ovoid tuber; stem thinly sulcate, twice branching nearly from base to
produce spreading panicle; leaves glaucescent, sometimes slightly violet,
oblong, lower leaves on short petioles abruptly expanding at base, bipinna-
tisect into small, 1.5mm long, linear-lanceolate, 3-partite sections; blade
of cauline leaves markedly reduced, the upper leaves represented by narrow
sheaths. Umbels of 3—5 unequal rays to 30mm long; involucre of 3—5 short
lanceolate leaflets; umbellets 10-flowered; leaflets of involucels lanceolate,
half the length of the umbellets; petals 1.4mm long, obovate, with acuminate
inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; ovary oblong, tapering
at base; resinous canals numerous, narrow; fruit unknown. June—July.
Steppes and stony slopes in steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
(Greater Balkhan Range). Endemic. Described from Greater Balkhan
Range. Type in Leningrad.
Note. Very close to S.elata Boiss. et Hausskn. (from SW Iran),
which constitutes together with the preceding two species a continuous
complex cycle.
15]
ZS)
10. S.samarkandica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928)
SAC. eides tale ubict,.
Perennial; pale green, nearly entirely glabrous plant, with spherical
tuber; stem 60—70cm high, slightly sulcate, twice-thrice branching from
middle up to produce a panicle with reduced branches; radical leaves
long- petiolate, sparsely tripinnatisect into oblong-lanceolate or oblong
sections divided into short, narrow, lanceolate, lobules; cauline leaves
oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, lobules more elongate, upper leaves reduced
to sheaths. Umbels 15-flowered, involucel of broadly lanceolate leaflets
half the length of the pedicels; petals oval, 1mm long, slightly notched,
with short inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; ovary broadly
ovoid; mericarps subcircular in cross section; resinous canals 3 in
valleculae. May—June.
Lower mountain belt.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from
elevations in the Samarkand area. Type in Tashkent.
Section 2. CORYMBOSAE Korov.— Umbels in corymbiform branches,
many-rayed, rays usually more or less equal.
11. S. allioides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Boiss. Fl. or. suppl. (1888) 255;
Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 45.—- Conopodium
allioides Rgl. et Schm. in Tr. Bot. SalclaemaViene, (1878) 988.— Carum
allioides Franchet in Ann. Sc. Nat. s.1V,t. XVI (1883) 293; Lipskii in
ie Bote Sada. Soa (1904) 13%. le) Korove. tbidestal ale fig se Haeses
TELS 5 vs INE IN oig oils
Perennial; green entirely glabrous plant, to 60cm high, with spherical
tuber; stem thinly sulcate, corymbiformly branching in upper part, branches
declinate, sometimes with reduced secondary branches; radical leaves
7cm long, 3cm wide, short-petioled, oblong-lanceolate, trisect into straight
divaricate filiform 3mm long sections; cauline leaves narrower, upper
leaves reduced to narrow lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 12—25 unequal to
20mm long rays, contracted after flowering; leaflets of involucre 8-10,
lanceolate, acuminate, white, chartaceous, declinate, becoming appressed to
rays; umbellets dense, oval, concave, white leaflets of involucels covering
umbellets; petals 1mm long, broadly obovate, cleft for half their length
with short acuminate inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened- conical;
fruit ovoid, scabrous from small papillae, 1.2mm long; mericarps sub-
rounded in cross section, without distinct ribs; resinous canals 3 in each
vallecula, 6 toward commissure; seeds flat inside. May—June, rarely
July.
Loessial hills in low foothill belt, 400 to 700 m, rarely to 2,000m. —
Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.,T. Sh., Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Gen. distr.:
Iran. (N.). Described from mountains between Bugun' and Boroldai,
Kokshar and Chotkal. Type in Leningrad.
Note. Within the distribution area of this species, var. kopet-
daghensis can be separated because of its large fruit, longer pedicels
and many-rayed umbels (Kopet Dagh), which bring this species into relation
with the following S. glaucescens (DC.) Boiss.
52
14
12. S.glaucescens (DC.) Boiss. Diagn. ser.I, 10 (1849) 51; Fl. or. IL,
877; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 49, tabl. I, 12;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,140.—Butinia glaucescens Boiss. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. sér. 3, I (1844) SUS lavhiaibhiagd hE wie S SCS lic) IDC. Ieigoolas IW (1830)
Iie
Perennial; glaucescent quite smooth plant with oblong to turnip-shaped
tuber; stem to 60cm high, sulcate, corymbiformly branching in upper part;
leaves lanceolate, bipinnatisect, their segments cut into short narrow, seti-
form sections. Umbels of 10-19 divaricate, 20-30mm long rays; involucre
of 8—10, brownish, lanceolate, nearly entirely scarious leaflets; umbellets
20-flowered; involucels of oval, concave leaflets becoming recurved;
petals 1mm long, broadly obovate, with concave midrib, notched, with inward
curved tip; stylopodium flattened; style exceeding diameter of stylo-
podium; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2.6mm long, 1.3mm wide; mericarps sub-
cylindrical in cross section, brown, smooth; resinous canals numerous,
narrow; seeds with 2 shallow furrows towards commissure. June—July.
Open communities of phrygana in steppe belt, 1,450m.— Caucasus:
S.Transe. Gen. distr.: Iran. (N.). Described from Sendkhoi (Iran).
Type in Geneva.
13. S.polycarpa Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, V 5 (1924)
80; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 51.— Ic.:
OGOVentotdsitabla Detailers dels
Perennial; whitish, entirely smooth plant, with oblong turnip-shaped
root; stem ca. 90cm high, sulcate, with divergent branches in upper part;
radical leaves oval-lanceolate, with petioles expanding at base, bipinnati-
sect into remote pairs of segments, secondary segments sessile, bipinnati-
partite into linear, 3-4mm long, 0.5mm wide lobules; cauline leaves
reduced, upper leaves mere lanceolate, short sheaths. Umbels of 25-27
divaricate 10—20mm long rays; involucre of 5—8 broad-lanceolate or
oblong-oval, 3-nerved, nearly entirely membranous leaflets usually re-
flexed in ripe umbels; umbellets 15—20-flowered, involucels of 6—8 nearly
oval, concave leaflets; petals 1mm long, obovate, nearly flat, with short tip
slightly curved inward; stylopodium flattened; style as long as diameter
of stylopodium; fruit subglobular, distinctly geminate, brown, 1.2mm long,
1.5mm wide; mericarps round in cross section, smooth or with slightly
protruding ribs; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula, inconspicuous in ripe
fruit, 4 toward commissure; seeds with 2 furrows toward commissure.
June—July.
Soft herbaceous mountain slopes, sometimes thickets in transitional
semidesert steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al.
(Gissar Range, Karategin, Kugitang Mountains, Mal'guzar Mountains).
Endemic. Described from near Kupkat village. Type in Leningrad.
14. S.hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 134;
Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 52.— Cono-
podium hirtulum Rgl. et Schm. in Izv. Obshch. lyub. estestv.
antropol. i ethnograf. XXXIV, 2 (1881) 28.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., tabl. I,
fig.13. ;
Perennial; plant pale green, entirely smooth, or more or less scabrous
from scattered hairs; tuber spherical; stem angular, deeply furrowed,
153
215
216
sometimes ribbed, corymbiformly branching above; radical leaves with
glabrous or sparingly papillate petioles, blade oval-lanceolate, pinnatisect
into incised, acutely toothed sections; cauline leaves bi- or trisect into
narrowly lanceolate sections, the upper reduced to narrow sheath. Umbels
of 12—35, sulcate, 30-—50mm long rays; leaflets of involucre reflexed;
umbellets 35-flowered, involucel of 10 lanceolate, acuminate leaflets; petals:
1—1.2mm long, 1.5mm wide, in tangential direction, slightly cordate at
base, notched, with depressed midrib and short inward curved tip; stylo-
podium flattened-conical; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, yellow, 2.2mm long,
1.5(1.8)mm wide; mericarps subrounded in cross section, smooth, narrowly}
connate; resinous canals inconspicuous at maturity; seeds furrowed
toward commissure. June—July.
Mountain steppes along herbaceous slopes, 800—1,200m, sometimes to
2,000.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from
Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad.
15. T.ferganensis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXXIII (1904) 136 Korov in
Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 56.— Conopodium
ferganense Druce in Rep. Bot. exch. Cl. Brit. Isles (1917) 616.— Ic.:
Korov., ibid, talbl 1, fig: 14.
Perennial; plant entirely smooth, glaucescent from waxy bloom; tuber
spherical; stem to 150cm high, rounded, smooth, hollow, corymbiformly
branching from middle up; lower leaves with long petioles, oval, bipinnati-
sect, the terminal sections bipinnatisect into linear or linear-lanceolate,
5-7mm long sections; cauline leaves tripinnatisect into linear sections,
the upper reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 10—23 rays, to 3.5cm
long; involucre of 8—9, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved leaflets; umbellets
20-flowered, involucel similar to involucre; petals broadly obovate, de-
pressed at midrib, notched, with acuminate inward curved tip; stylopodium
flattened, pulvinate; fruit broadly ovoid, 3mm long, its tip distinctly furrowec
by prominent ribs; mericarps narrowly connate, dorsally angular, semi-
round in cross section; resinous canals 4—5 in vallecula, 10—12 towards
commissure; seeds with 2 furrows toward commissure. July—August.
Open mountain meadow slopes, glades in mountain forests, 1,500 to
2,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Fergana Range from side of Fergana
Valley), Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Yassy and
Arslanbob rivers). Type in Leningrad.
16. S.korshinskyi (Lipsky) Korov. comb. n.— S. hirtula var.
korshinskii Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928)
596.—Carum korshinskii Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII G@904)1295—
Buminina jkorish ins eit Woltf in Hale. (Pilz cyl 228 (1927) 208.
Perennial; plant pale green, glabrous or slightly scabrous, with ovoid
tuber; stem 30-50 cm high, thin, not hollow, smooth, slightly sulcate in
upper part, branching above to produce sparse corymbiform panicle;
radical leaves ..., lower cauline leaves petiolate, oval-triangular, bi-
pinnatisect into linear-lanceolate, 3-partite 5-8mm long sections, terminal
sections of upper leaves linear, entire, resembling short narrow sheaths in
upper parts of shoots. Umbels of 10-15, rarely 20 unequal, spreading,
2—4cm long rays; involucre of 5—7 lanceolate-linear leaflets; umbellets
154
with 10-15, rarely more flowers; involucels resembling involucre, but
leaflets shorter than pedicels; petals sometimes reddish at first, becoming
white, obcordate, notched, with inward curved tip, depressed at midrib;
stylopodium flattened; fruit ovoid, smooth, 1.5mm long; mericarps semi-
round in cross section; resinous canals inconspicuous, numerous. July—
August.
Central Asian juniper to subalpine meadows, open herbaceous mountain
slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Fergana Range), Pam.-Al.
(AlaiandGissar ranges). Endemic. Described from Alai Range. Type
in Leningrad.
Note. This species is intermediate between S.ferganensis and
S hirtula but extends beyond them in the mountains. It may be assumed
to be a hybrid between these two.
17. S.transcaspica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2
(1928) 60.— Ic.: Korov., ibid. tabl.1, fig. 14.
Perennial; pale green, entirely smooth plant, with ovoid- globose tuber;
stem to 50cm high, white-striped, deeply sulcate, from middle or below
branching to produce corymbiform panicle; lower leaves petiolate, oval-
triangular, bipinnatisect into nearly oval petiolate sections to 5mm long,
sections pinnatipartite into linear-lanceolate lobules, 3-lobate above, upper
leaves smaller,tapering to narrow sheaths. Umbels of 25 more or less
equal, spreading 2—3cm long rays; involucre of 8 lanceolate, oblique, 1-
nerved leaflets; umbellets with more than 30 flowers on unequal pedicels;
involucre resembling involucel; petals broadly obovate, 1mm long, notched,
with inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit yellowish,
oblong-elliptic, 2mm long; mericarps semiround in cross section, smooth;
resinous canals inconspicuous in ripe fruit; seeds with 2 shallow furrows
toward commissure. May—June.
Dry sandy hills, among ephemers in mountain semidesert belt.— Centr.
Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz hills). Endemic. Described from Badkhyz.
Type in Tashkent.
18. S.tschimganica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2
(1928) 62.—Ic.: Korov., ibid., tabl. 1, fig. 16.
Perennial; pale green, entirely smooth plant with spherical tuber;
stem to 1m high, sulcate below, angular above, branching from middle to
produce corymbiform panicle; radical leaves long-petioled, nearly oval,
bipinnatisect, primary segments sessile, the secondary oblong, pinnatipartite
into lanceolate, acute, sometimes incised 1-2mm wide lobes; cauline
leaves simpler, the upper reduced to lanceolate sheath. Umbels flat above,
the numerous rays to 47mm long, shorter toward center; leaflets of
involucre 10, linear, sometimes pinnatipartite into few lobules; umbellets
30—40-flowered, on rays of different lengths; involucels of 10-lanceolate-
linear, 1-nerved leaflets, as long as umbellets; petals broadly oval,
obovate, depressed at midrib, notched, with short inward curved tip, 1.7mm
long; stylopodium short-conical; fruit cylindrical, linear, brown, 3mm
long, strongly fragrant; mericarps not quite circular in cross section, with
thin, faintly protruding ribs; resinous canals 2—3 of different sizes in
yalleculae, 4 toward commissure; seeds nearly flat toward commissure.
July—August.
155
218
PAPA
Woody-shrubby belt in open herbaceous habitats, frequently among walnut}
thickets.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Fergana Range).
Endemic. Described from Chimgan. Type in Tashkent.
Note. Differs from all other species of the genus by its pungent aroma..
\
Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov.— Fruit distinctly compressed |
toward apex; seeds with 2 deep furrows toward commissure.
19. S.setacea (Schrenk) Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b,
2 (1928) 67.— Carum setaceum Schrenk, Enum. pl.I (1841) 61; Ldb.
Fl. Ross.II, 249; Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 125.- Bunium
setaceum Wolff in Engl. Pflzr.I1V, 228 (1927) 209.— B. capillifolium
Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 428.— Conopodium
setaceum Korov. in Bull. Univ. As. centr. VII, Suppl. (1924) 24.
Perennial; slightly scabrous plant, with spherical tuber; stem 50—80cm)
high, thinly sulcate, erect, corymbiformly branching in upper part; radical
leaves with long petioles, broadly triangular, tripinnatisect into 8mm long,
1.5mm wide linear sections; cauline leaves sessile, dissected into straight,
narrow, spreading to 20mm long sections usually with scabrous margins.
Umbels of 6—18 unequal, 2—5cm long rays; involucre of 2—6 setiform
herbaceous leaflets; umbellets 10—15-flowered, the 5—6 leaves of the
involucels similar to those of the involucre; calyx without teeth; petals
1mm long, broadly obovate, with short, acute inward curved tip; stylopodium:
conical, with constricted base; styles short, curved outward above; fruit
oblong-ovoid, brown, 3-5mm long; mericarps circular in cross section,
slightly ribbed; resinous canals wide, solitary between ribs, 2 toward
commissure. June—August.
Herbaceous steppe mountain slopes, valleys, to 2,200m.— Centr. Asia:
T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Gen. distr.: Afghanistan.
Described from Arganaty Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
Note. There are records from the northern parts of Afghanistan (Boiss.
Fl. or. Suppl.) but these have not been confirmed.
Genus 972. SMYRNIUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262.— Anosmia Bernh. in Linnaea, VII (1832) 608
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-yellowish; fruit geminate,
cordate at base, nearly black when ripe; stylopodium short-conical, style
divergent, nearly 1'/. times as long as stylopodium; mericarps globose-
ovoid, strongly tapering along commissure, with 5 protruding filiform
primary ribs, along which there run cylindrical vascular-fibrous bundles,
with strongly developed xylem; canals numerous; albumen broadly and
deeply notched toward commissure, with more or less rolled margins;
stylopodium 2-partite. Glabrous biennial herbs, the radical and lower
cauline leaves ternate-pinnate, the upper entire.
From smyrnion, ancient Greek name for Smyrnium perfoliatum (or S.olusatrum), from smyrna —
myrrh (gum resin), referring to the plant's pleasant aroma reminiscent of myrrh.
156
PLATE XVI. 1—Danaa nudicaulis (M.B) Grossh; 2—Smyrnium perfoliatum L.
157
Qa
Seven species endemic to Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Iran
and Turkmenistan.
1. Umbels of 6-12 rays (Crimea and Caucasus) .... 1. S.perfoliatum L.
+ Umbels of 15-20 rays (Turkmenistan)...... 2. S.cordifolium Boiss;
1. S.perfoliatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 364; Boiss.
Fl. or. 11,925; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,428; Grosse... ble Kavk. iil, 140%—\S ates
cordis Spreng. Umbell. spec. (1818) 25.— S. olusatrum Ldb. FI.
Ross. II, 364,non L.— Sselinum dioscoridis Hy: lL) Krause aayStorcme
Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 82.— lei: Rehb: Ic. Fl... Germy XX, tabez03om
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root thickened, ovoid or spherical; stem
50—125cm high, with winged faces branching above; radical leaves petiolate,
biternately dissected, with oblong-ovate, crenate-serrate leaflets 4-8 cm
long, 2.5—4.5cm wide; cauline leaves ovate, sessile, entire or 3-partite,
dentate, with deeply cordate base. Umbels pedunculate or sessile, of 6—10
unequal glabrous rays; involucre and involucels none; petals greenish-
yellow, broadly ovate, with inward curved tip, 1mm long; fruit 2.5-—3.5mm
long, nearly black, shiny, irregularly netted-rugose between ribs; styles
long, reflexed in fruit. May—June. (Plate XVI, Figure 2.)
Shady mountain forests.— Europeanpart: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag.,W. and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min.,
introduced into Centr. Eur. Described from Italy and Crete. Type in
London.
2. S.cordifolium Boiss. Diagn. ser.I, 6 (1855) 64; Boiss. Fl. or. II,
926.
Biennial; root thickened, 1.5-2cm thick; stem single, 40—80cm high,
erect, 1-1.2cm thick below, cylindrical, hollow, smooth, oppositely branching
above, radical leaves withering early, long petioled, triternate-dissected, the
large, ovate-rounded leaflets obscurely dentate or nearly entire, petiolulate;
lower cauline leaves simple or bipinnate, 20cm long and nearly as wide, on
more or less long petioles, almost abruptly expanding to amplexicaul sheaths;
leaflets 5—10cm long, 4-7cm wide, pectinate-dentate or nearly entire,
cuneate or decurrent; upper leaves entire, opposite, ovate-cordate, acute.
Umbels 2.5—7.5cm across, of 15—20 slightly unequal glabrous rays;
involucre and involucels absent; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow,
ovate, with inward curved tip; stylopodium flat, disciform, with undulant
margins; styles divergent,2mm long; fruit geminate, 4-5mm high,
8—-10mm wide; mericarps subglobose, with 3 acute ribs, rugose between
Gils whully,.
Stony ravines.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran.
Described from Iran. Type in Geneva.
158
123
Genus 973. SMYRNIOPSIS* Boiss.
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Botan. sér.3, II (1844) 72
Flowers heterogenous, bisexual, partly staminate; calyx-teeth obtuse;
petals oblong, yellowish, with inward curved tip, nearly not notched; stylo-
podium flattened; fruit ovoid; mericarps with protruding ribs and
valleculae, 2 lateral ribs broad and flat, forming border of fruit; 1—2 canals
under valleculae; styles long, recurved. Annuals, with bipinnate leaves.
Four species, three in Asia Minor and one in Transcaucasia.
1. S.armena Schischk. in Referatakh rabot za 1945 g. Otdel. biolog.
nauk (1947) 10.— S. aucheri Karjag. in Tr. Bot. Inst. Baku, Il (1936)
265,non Boiss.
Annual; stem to 1m high, subcylindrical or angular, ribbed, glabrous,
with opposite or whorled branches; radical and lower cauline leaves nearly
bipinnate, ovate, 35cm long, 20cm wide; lower primary lobes short-
petioled, those of the second order sessile, ovate, 7—8 cm long, 3—5 mm wide,
acute or obtuse, with short, acute, irregular teeth; petioles and lower side
of nerves covered with thick scattered hairs; upper leaves smaller, not
as dissected, often ternate. Umbels of 12—15 smooth rays; involucre of
5—6 irregular lanceolate or lanceolate-linear reflexed acute herbaceous
leaflets; involucels of 1—3 linear small leaflets; flowers bisexual and
staminate; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellowish; fruit ovoid,
6—7mm long, ca. 3mm wide, with prominent ribs and broad flat valleculae
with 1—2 canals and slight surface swellings; stylopodium flattened;
styles long, recurved. July.
Dry slopes, shrubby formations.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Daralagez).
Endemic. Described from near Kodukh-Vank village. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 974. DANAA** All.
All. Fl. Pedemont.II (1782) 34.—Physospermum Cuss. in Mém. Soc. Med. Par. (1782) 279.—
Haenselera Lag. Gen. et sp. nov. (1816) 13, nec Boiss.— Physophora Link, Enum. Hort. Berol.I (1821)
278.— Pseudospermum S.F.Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. IT (1821) 517.— Alschingera Vis. Fl. Dalm.I1
(1849) 69
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly
ovate, notched with inward curved tip; fruit nearly geminate, cylindrical,
cordate at base, strongly compressed along commissure; stylopodium
conical; mericarps subcircular in cross section or obtusely pentagonal,
with 5 filiform hardly protruding ribs carrying weak vascular-fibrous
bundles; valleculae with 1 canal, 2 canals at commissure; styles recurved;
albumen horseshoe-shaped in cross section; carpophore slit into 2 at
apex. Perennial herbs with biternate-pinnate leaves and many-rayed
umbels.
* From Smyrnium, another genus, and the Greek opsis — appearance.
** After Giovanni Pietro Maria Dana, late 18th century physician and professor at Turin, who studied the
native plants of his country.
159
224
Six species from England through the Mediterranean area and N. Africa
all the way to the Caucasus and Central Asia.
|
1. Stem 1l-leaved; involucre and involucels,present .. . &. aa.°5eeeeee
aster ct re wae ts Poms ERIE SS RIE a RO 1. D.nudicaulis (M. B.) Grossh:
5 Stem leafy; involucre and involucels absent ............... |
ats AMD, OS SAUDE toe EAS TAG) Se ay 2. D.denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischkt
1. D.nudicaulis (M.B.) Grossh. in Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 220. —
D.cornubiensis Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 241,non Burnat.— Pimpinella
danaa M.B. Beschreib. der Lander zwischen den Flussen Terek und
Kura am Kaspischen Meere (1800) hos -Appy Nowson— Smyrnium nudi-
caine) Maser ita. -cane. i (1808) 238.— Physospermum aqui-
legifolium Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 363,non Koch; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 428; Boiss.
HE Orig 2 oe. a eenuich ea mike aati viemeciehn:. Pil) Cau car gies)
132.—Ic.: Spreng. Spec. Umbell. (1818) tab. 4.- Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2632;
Callicralee taursua. | LIOONNG. 620.
Perennial; root rather thick, 0.5—1cm thick; root neck sparsely
covered with remnants of petioles; stem 50—120cm high, erect, glabrous,
thinly ribbed, branching above or from middle, leafless or (rarely) with a
single developed leaf on lower part of stem; radical leaves long-petioled,
their blade broadly triangular, 12—17cm long, 17-20 cm wide, biternate-
pinnate; primary lobes on rather long petiolules, the secondary sessile or
(the proximal ones) on petiolules, broadly ovate, pinnatifid; cauline leaves
(if present) similar to the radical but smaller, remaining cauline leaves
oblong, amplexicaul sheaths usually purple. Umbels 5—8 cm across, of 10—20
smooth rays, the lateral umbels smaller, 1.5—4.5cm across; involucre
of 5—7 lanceolate acuminate, usually reflexed leaflets; umbellets 1—1.5cm
across, 10—16-flowered; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate or lanceolate-linear
straight acuminate leaflets; petals white, 1.5-—1.8mm long, broadly ovate,
notched, with inward curved tip; fruit cylindrical, nearly geminate, 4mm
long, 5mm wide; stylopodium conical; styles recurved, 3 times as long as
stylopodium. Fl. June—July, Fr. August (Plate XVI, Figure 1.)
Pine, oak, beech, oak-hornbeam forests, shrubby formations, limestone
mountain meadow slopes. — European part: V.-Don, BI1., Crim; (Caucasus:
Cisc., Dag.,W.,E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described
from the Crimea and Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
2. D.denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XV, 593. —
Physospermum denaense B. Fedtsch. on label in Gerb. Bot. inst.
im. V.L.Komarova AN SSSR.
Perennial; stem ca. 1m high, cylindrical, with narrow longitudinal
striae, not hollow, like leaves glabrous, branching; on petioles of cauline
leaves abruptly expanding to amplexicaul sheath, nearly as long as blade,
the blade triangular-ovate, 20—30cm long, 10-20 cm wide, nearly tri-
pinnatisect; primary lobes long-petioluled, the secondary short-petioluled,
lobes of the last order sessile, more or less decurrent on petiolules, broadly
ovate, 3-7cm long, 2.5—4cm wide, irregularly lobuled, lobules with few
rounded apical teeth. Umbels subglabrous, of 10-12 rays, 9-12cm long,
broadly spreading in fruit; involucre and involucels absent; umbellets of
160
8—10 thin, glabrous rays 1.5—4cm long in fruit; flowers unknown; fruit
geminate, 3mm long, 5mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; Siyglelsarc e's
curved, twice as long as stylopodium; mericarps subglobose, with obscure
995 filiform ribs and dark-colored translucent canals; carpophore entire or
226
split into 2 at apex. Fr. at beginning of June (Plate XV, Figure 8.)
Ravines.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the
Sangardak Gorge at the southwestern spurs of Gissar Range. Type in
Leningrad.
Note. This species was collected only once, when in fruit (on 5 June).
It obviously blossoms much earlier. We should like to draw the attention
of future investigators to this extremely interesting species, the root system,
radical leaves and flowers of which are unknown.
Genus 975. CONIUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 243
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, with short inward
curved lobe; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles recurved, nearly twice as long as stylopodium;
mericarps with 5 cartilaginous, flexuose ribs; pericarp thick; in ripe fruit
canals obliterated, carpophore not split; albumen deeply and narrowly
incised toward commissure. Biennial herbs with high stem and tripinnate
leaves with reddish spots.
Four species in Europe, Siberia and Asia Minor.
WiC ecculstin Lo Sp) ply ite 243;etdb. KF Ross lli360; Boiss:
Fl. or. Il, 922; Shmal'g., Fl.1,426; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2042; Grossg.,
Hiei eit © caecutagvec Deli Gallo- Belg. 1 (1768) 142. —
Ghaawa Guile suimyball wReise (1771) AVES) MOT eae = Cua@altane ulm
Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. Enum. Horti Berol. (1809) 305.— Coriandrum
cual Granta sStiico. Austen dol sgull (1767) 100.— C. maculatum
Rotag went. il Germ’. 1 (1788) 130.— Cicuta officinalis Gieamntize Cle
Umbell. Emend. (1767) 68.— ©. maculata Lam. Fl. Frane-1U (1778)
104,non L. -C. major Lam. Fl. Frang. Ul (1778) 456.— Sium conium
Vest. Man. bot. (1806) 513.— Selinum conium BH. oH. L. Krause in
Sturm. Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XIl (1904) 122.— Ic.: Komarov, Sbor, sushka i
razved. lekarstv. rast. Izd. 3, tabl. 58 (1917); Maevskii, Fl. Sredn. Ross.
p. 255 (1918):— Exs.: G.R- Ee No- 878; H.F.A.M. No. 236.
Biennial; stem 60—180cm high, branching, finely sulcate, like leaves
glabrous, sometimes with glaucous bloom and reddish-brown spots in lower
part; lower leaves petiolate, tripinnate, broadly triangular, 30—60cm long,
with primary, secondary and tertiary lobes petiolate, only the lowermost
sessile, the tertiary ones oblong-ovate, deeply pinnatisect into ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate lobules, sometimes with short whitish tip; median
and upper leaves smaller and not as compound, subsessile, with narrow
sheath. Umbels numerous, forming corymbiform-paniculate inflorescence,
of 12—20 rays, slightly scabrous inside; involucre of ovate-lanceolate,
narrow-margined obscurely crenate reflexed leaflets; leaflets of
* From the Greek conis — sucker, referring to the dizziness induced by eating of the fruit.
161
(227)
PLATE XVII. 1— Albovia tripartita (Kalen) Schischk.;
2— Bifora radians M.B.;
3— B.testiculata (L) DC.;
4 — Fuernrohria setifolia C. Koch.
162
229
involucels 3—7, secund, connate at base, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, with
narrow scarious margin, shorter or slightly longer than rays; fruit
subcylindrical or ovoid, 3-3.5mm long; styles ca. 1mm long, becoming
curved, nearly twice as long as stylopodium. June—July.
Forest edges, flooded meadows, limestone slopes, weeds in crops and
fallow land, near dwellings, kitchen gardens, roadsides, hedges, dumps, walls
of ravines and railroad tracks.— European part: all regions; Caucasus:
Giger Dac era Weand so. Ucansc.; Wj cibermia Ob, se mob luct ss), WEemt i.
ANGIAS TIBElliiela5 IDVAU ene oss ABe TSlales Sve ID RA wAiaaeY IDA enone AUER Mier, “ANblaelcaal.
Gen. distr: scand.. Centr. and Atl. daur.,(N Atri, BalaaAs. Mine, Avni. -
Kurd., Iran., Sinkiang, introduced into Canada, U.S.A. and Mexico.
Described from Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. All parts of the plant, especially the fruits,
contain toxic alkaloids, which decompose upon drying. The alkaloid
content depends upon the stage of development, gradually reaching a peak
at blossoming and fruit-bearing (0.725—1.3%), highest in young fruits, lowest
in roots. Coniine is the main alkaloid (CgHi7N) (fresh dried fruits contain
0.2—0.8%, leaves 0.01—0.04%). This is readily soluble in alcohol, ether
and fatty oils, only slightly so in water. The following alkaloids have also
been found: methylconiine (CoHisN), conidrin (CgHi7NO), pseudoconidrin
(CgHi7NO) and coniceine (CgHisNO). In former times, preparations from
poison-hemlock were widely used to treat a variety of diseases. In view
of its minor effect and the occurrence of poisoning doctors stopped pre-
scribing these preparations. In ancient Greece potions of poison- hemlock
were administered to persons condemned to death, among them Socrates
and Phocion.
In warm weather or when dried the plant has a disagreeable odor
reminiscent of mice and a sharp, bitter taste.
Genus 976. PLEUROSPERMUM* Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) p.VIII
Calyx-teeth obsolete or very small; petals white, short-clawed, broadly
ovate, obtuse or acuminate, straight or slightly curved inwards; stylo-
podium inflated, with flat crenate margin; fruit ovoid-oblong,; slightly
compressed laterally; mericarps with 5 equal, protruding, slightly winged
main ribs; canals solitary under valleculae, 2—4 at commissure; carpo-
phore free, split into 2; albumen crescent-shaped in cross section, slightly
angular dorsally with broad shallow notch toward commissure. Biennial
(or perennial) tall herbs, with large bipinnate leaves.
Only 3 species growing in Eurasia are included.
1. Terminal leaf lobes long-acuminate, leaves pubescent along margins
and on lower side of nerves, leaflets of involucre always dissected,
rays of umbels angular, strongly scabrous, ribs of fruit with dentate
TRUALO SRG ONG LEME ALES) SRS PG ior) BAe ER Saiie:, hae Barna Ain me aati see Me iH ae hla Ra ep 2.
* From the Greek pleura — rib, sperma — seed, referring to the strongly developed ribs of the fruit.
163
230
Zoe
ati Terminal leaf lobes abruptly short-acuminate, margin of leaves and
lower side of nerves with short scattered hairs, leaflets of involucre
entire or only shallowly cut, rays obscurely angular, fruit with
obscurely dentate-wihes! aia. mnie ceemee te 1. P. austriacum (L.) Hoffm.
2. Plant to 120cm high, main umbel of 20—40 rays, fruit ca. 6mm long,
Armnimibw ier | oa is) eee tic eet eee SUSTOS LS: RE Lees 2. P.uralense Hoffm.
at Plant to 200cm high, with up to 60 rays in main umbel; fruit 6-9mm
Ucravowrer—(6) iain WUC Wes Aes oes ok uo mio 6 3. P.camtschaticum Hoffm.
1. P. austriacum (L.)Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) p. X;s iadb. al,
Ross. II, 360; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 426,ex parte; Horn. af Rantzien in Candollea,
XI (1947-1948) 13, ex parte.— P.lithuanicum Downar in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 180.— P. boreale Gand. Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur.
(1910) 223.— P. austriacum subsp. eu-austriacum Horn. af
Rantzien in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 40 (1946) 182.- Ligusticum austria-
eum i.) Spa iple(1753)e250t —ME.. em e linss Vill -Prosp.a amo
L.brancionis Schrank, Baier. Fl.I (1789) 551.- Thysselinum
grandiflorum Moench, Meth. (1794) 85.- Selinum pleurospermum
E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 78.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic.
Fl. Germ. XXI, tab. 2033 (1867).
Biennial or perennial; stem single, 60—150cm high, erect, hollow, sulcate,
branching above, covered with short stiff hairs under inflorescence; leaves
have short-scabrous margins; the lower triangular-ovate, biternate or
nearly tripinnatisect, long-petioled, the outer second-order lobes much
larger and more deeply cut than the inner; lobes of the third order ovate
or oblong, pinnatifid, proximally fused; lobules unequally toothed or cut,
short-acuminate, with broadly or narrowly ovate, slightly antrorse, acute
or obtuse teeth, with short cartilaginous mucro; upper cauline leaves
smaller, not so deeply cut, sessile on short, slightly convex sheath, the
margin with scarious curly hairs. Terminal umbel ca. 20cm across, of
12—20(40) short-haired rays; leaflets of involucre numerous, herbaceous,
sometimes cut, becoming reflexed, umbel rays hairy, involucels many-
leaved, leaflets lanceolate, entire, with slightly scarious margins, with 3
longitudinal nerves; calyx-teeth triangular, obtuse; petals white, rounded,
2.5—3mm long, with papillate upper surface; fruit ca. 10mm long, 6mm
wide, obtuse, with thin crenulate ribs; styles filiform, stigma capitate,
1*h—2 times as long as stylopodium, becoming recurved. July.
Forests and shrubby formations.— European part: Balt., U. Dnp., M.
Dnp., U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand. (eastern part of Sweden),
Bal. Described from Austria. Type in London.
Note. According to reports from Sweden (H. H. af Rantzien, 40, 2
(1946) 179-213), a single specimen produces up to 6,600 seeds, but
germination is very low. The seeds may float for 3-10 days and seem to
be adapted to dispersal by water.
2. P.uralense Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed.1 (1814) p.IX; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II,
SGM kcvie, Hl Zap.) Silo mMui, 2059. — ee = alulcer tt aucwmaa | [e.cliae ah) bemeileem
368, non Hoffm.; Fl. Ross. II, 360, ex pes Lugez.. His baic.—dahhieakeas
P.archangelica Ldb. Fl. alt.1I (1829) 369; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 361;
Bong. Veg. Ins. Sitcha (1832) 141.- P. gmelini Steud. Nom. ed. 2, II
(1840) 335.- P. austriacum ssp. uralense Somm. et Lev. FI.
60115 1 164
dell'Ob inter. (1896) 73.— Laserpitium athamantae Spreng. in
| Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 624; DC. Prodr.IV, 206; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II,
226 tees Hottime de ehutab:d!-BaAf. 24; 0tab. 2a. 6yii23;> hedchs andthler:,
Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 682.
Biennial, or perennial; stem single, 70—120cm high, thinly sulcate, i
2cm thick, glabrous, with short stiff hairs only below inflorescence; leaves
with short stiff hairs along margins and nerves, very rarely subglabrous;
lower leaves ternate, long-petioled, broadly triangular, 10—25cm long and
as wide; primary leaflets petioluled, pinnatipartite into ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, sessile, proximally fused lobes, 4—12 cm long, 1—5 cm wide, ir-
regularly large-toothed or pinnatifid; upper leaves smaller, not as dis-
sected, sessile on amplexicaul sheaths. Terminal umbel large, 10-20cm
across, usually surrounded by several smaller umbels, 4—7cm across,
terminating branches produced at base of terminal umbel, of (15)20—40
rays covered with short stiff hairs; involucre of many large, 1.5—6 cm long
reflexed leaflets expanding in upper part, these often cut, usually into 3
teeth; umbellets on main umbel large, 2-3cm across, those on lateral
umbels smaller; involucels of lanceolate or sublinear acute reflexed
leaflets, as long as or longer than pedicels; calyx-teeth ovate, obtuse,
membranous; petals white, ovate, slightly acuminate, with almost flat tip,
2—3.5mm long; fruit ca. 6mm long, 4mm wide, with thin, acute, short-
crenate ribs; stylopodium short-conical, slightly expanded at base; styles
recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. June—July.
Coniferous forests, forest edges, pine forests, birch-aspen forests,
232 felled forests, rarely in subalpine meadows, ravines and near Swamps. —
| European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama, Transv.; W. Siberia: all regions;
E.Siberia: all regions. Gen. distr.: Mong.,Jap.-Ch. Described from
the Urals. Type in Leningrad (?).
Note. Laserpitium athamantae Spreng. is given here as a
synonym although we have not seen the type specimens from Siberia.
However, Sprengel's short description is good enough, and does not suit
any of the Siberian species of Umbelliferae with the exception of Pleuro-
spermum uralense. P.archangelica Ldb. surely is another
synonym. It has been described from fruits which certainly belong to
Pleurospermum uralense,collected by Ledebour in the vicinity of
Riddersk and kept in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR.
3. P.camtschaticum Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed.1l (SIA, 253 IDC. IPre@cke.
iWwe22t lide. Hi. Ross l,.36l5) Komi, Bl. Kamich 11, BRS = Po wireAaleng ©
Hult. Fl. of Kamtch. III, 584,non Hoffm.— Ic.: Sugaw. Ill. Fl. Saghal. Ill,
tab. 635 (1940).
Perennial; root thick, 2-3cm across; stem single, 70—200cm high,
sulcate, 1—3 cm thick, glabrous, or short-scabrous only below inflorescence;
leaves long-petioled, triangular, 15—30cm long, 12-25cm wide, lout = (Ole
nearly tripinnatisect; lower primary lobes petioluled, the secondary sessile
or decurrent on petiolules, 6—10cm long, 1.5—5 cm wide, deeply and unequally
acutely toothed or pinnatifid, the margins and lower side of nerves covered
with stiff hairs, their upper side scabrous; upper leaves smaller,less
dissected, sessile on amplexicaul sheaths. Main umbel large, 10—20cm
165
233
across, of 20—60 rays covered with short stiff hairs; lateral umbels
smaller, of 10-15 rays, 4-7cm across, terminating alternate or whorled
branches produced below main peduncle and exceeding level of central
umbel; involucre of many linear or lanceolate, often pinnatifid 2-8 cm long
leaflets; umbellets of main umbel many-flowered, 2—3cm across; lateral
umbels smaller; leaflets of involucels numerous, as long as umbel rays or
shorter or slightly longer than umbellet, linear-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, becoming reflexed after flowering; calyx-teeth ovate, mem-
branous; petals white or slightly pink, broadly ovate, entire, acute or
obtuse, often with inward curved tip, ca. 2-—2.5mm long, abruptly tapering
to short claw; fruit 6-9mm long, 4-6mm wide, ribs crenulose with acute
margins; stylopodium short-conical, its undulant base with expanding
margins. July—August.
Forest glades, mixed and coniferous forests, riparian meadows.— Far
East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.—Ch.? Described
from Kamchatka. Type was in Moscow. ;
Genus 977. HYMENOLAENA * DC.
DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 244.-Renarda Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, VIII (1883) 278.— Pleurospermum
subgenus Hymenolaena Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam_III, 8 (1898) 171
Calyx 5-toothed; petals broadly elliptic, broad-clawed, white or pink,
with inward curved tip; fruit cylindrical-oblong, slightly compressed
laterally; stylopodium short-conical; style longer than stylopodium;
mericarps with 3 winged dorsal ribs and slightly developed lateral ribs;
3 canals under valleculae; albumen reniform in cross section. Perennial
herbs with simple or bipinnate leaves and large, ovate involucel leaflets.
About 10 species in Tibet, the Himalayas, and the mountains of Central
Asia.
1. Involucre 0,involucels of 5 large broadly ovate leaflets 10-—12mm long,
3— LO mam wade: sleaveSe pinnate mummies eur ie 1. H.pimpinellifolia Rupr.
ct Involucre of 3, involucels of 5—12 ovate leaflets 4-6mm long, 3-4mm
mide; leaves bipinnate, .ccisis. aces Mialsts God i Gheee | bbks Cee
2. Stem reduced, 3—10cm high, often obsolete; involucels of 8—12 leaf-
lets; umbels of 3—5 rays; leaves bipinnate ...... 2. H.nana Rupr.
ats Stem 15-30cm high; involucels of 5 leaflets; umbels of 7-12 rays;
lieavesanecianeliy .tielpinnate ye ace ordre mcuteion <1 kee ah 3. H. alpina Schischk.
Series 1. Pimpinellifoliae Schisch.— Leaves simple-pinnate, involucre 0.
1. H. pimpinellifolia Rupr. Sert. tiansch. (1869) 49.- H. lindleyana
var. soongorice Lipsky et var. bucharica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada,
XXVIII, 1 (1900) 71.— Renarda siifolia Rel. in Trautv., Rgl., Maxim.
et Winkl. Decas pl. nov. (1882) 5 et in Tr. Bot. Sada, VIII (1883) 278. —
Pleurospermum stellatum 8 lindleyanum Clarke in Hook. FI.
* From the Greek hymen — membrane, and laena (or chlaena) — outer clothing.
166
(234
235
Britt. Ind. II (1879) 705,ex p.— Ic.: Trautv., Rgl., Maxim. et Winkl. Decas
pl. nov. (1882) tab.
Perennial; root thick, 5-10mm across, multicipital or simple; stems
few or solitary, 10—40cm high, erect or slightly curved, glabrous, 4—5.5mm
thick, slightly sulcate, violet sometimes only in lower half, slightly branching
above, bearing 1-4 leaves; radical leaves often many, their petioles
abruptly expanding to violet-colored sheath longer or shorter than blade;
blade oblong, 3—12cm long, 1—3cm wide, pinnate, with broadly ovate,
cuneately tapering lobes, their margins cut into unequal broadly ovate or
ovate-oblong, obtuse teeth; cauline leaves similar to the radical, the upper
smaller, sometimes reduced to sheaths. Umbels of 1—4 nearly equal,
strongly furrowed rays slightly scabrous above; involucre 0 or of 1 leaflet;
umbellets many-rayed; leaflets of involucels broadly ovate, longer than
pedicels, nearly entirely white-scarious, tapering abruptly at base, obtuse
or rounded or slightly notched. July. (Plate XV, Figure 10, Plate XVIII,
Figure 1.)
Rocks, rock streams, old moraines, dry meadows in alpine belt, 4,000m.—
Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Dzhumgol in
Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Because of its large white involucel leaflets
similar to those of Astrantia,this plant is recommended as an orna-
mental.
Series 2. Nanae Schischk.— Leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate; involucre
of 3—5(7) leaflets.
2. H.nana Rupr. Sert. tianschan. (1869) 49.— H.lindleyana Lipsky
in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 68, non Klotsch.— Pleurospermum
nanum Benth. et Hook. ex Drude in Engl. u. Prantl., Pflanzenf. III, 8
(1898) 172.— P.lindleyanum B. Fedtsch. Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 604.
Perennial; root rather thick, 3-4mm across, ascending; stems usually
inconspicuous, rarely 1—15cm high, usually simple, not branching, sulcate,
violet in lower half, 1—3-leaved or leafless; radical leaves on petioles as
long as blade or shorter, expanding to sheath; blade nearly bipinnatisect,
ovate-oblong, 1-6 cm long, 0.8-2cm wide; lower primary lobes on 2-8mm
petiolules or all lobes sessile, deeply pinnatisect or pinnatipartite into
linear-oblong or ovate obtuse lobules. When stem obsolete, umbels usually
of 4—6 unequal, glabrous, furrowed, 5—-20mm long rays, with involucre of
2—4 leaflets, =e the length of the rays, similar to the reduced cauline
leaves, with long membranous violet sheath and green blade pinnatisect at
apex; umbellets many, with involucels of 8—12 ovate or lanceolate-ovate,
mucronate, nearly entire (except for midrib), scarious leaflets. July.
(Plate XVIII, Figure 2.)
Alpine zone among rocky slopes, gravelly banks of mountain streams,
moraines near glaciers, taluses.— Centr. Asia: I. Sh., Pam.=Al. (Pamir).
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Sinkiang). Described from Tashrabat. Type
in Leningrad.
Note. Lipskii (ibid.) identified this plant with Hymenolaena
lindleyana Klotsch. of the Himalayas, but the Pamir- Tien Shan plant
167
236
differs from the latter by the obtuse lobes of the last order and the entire
(not trisect) leaflets of the involucre. Lipskii also included in it H. pim-
pinellifolia Rupr.,a separate species.
3. H.alpina Schischk. sp. nov. in Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, XIII
(1950) 158.
Perennial; root to 1cm thick; stem long, 15—30cm high, sometimes
branching from base, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, glabrous; radical leaves
more or less numerous, triangular, their petioles as long as blade, abruptly
expanding to amplexicaul sheath; blade bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, 2—8 cm
long, 1.5-—6 cm wide; lower primary lobes more or less long-petioluled,
cut into entire or pinnatifid ovate obtuse lobules 4-6 mm long, 1.5-3mm
wide; upper leaves smaller, sessile on expanded sheath, not as deeply cut.
Umbels 2—5cm across, the 7-12 slightly irregular rays scabrous in upper
part; involucre of 5(7) broadly ovate, white-scarious, short-acuminate,
spreading leaflets */4 to ‘/ the length of the rays; umbellets many-flowered,
ca. lem across; leaflets of involucels white-scarious, ovate, short-
acuminate, 4-6mm long, 3-4mm wide, as long as umbellets; petals white
or slightly pink, ca. 1mm long; young fruit with winged dorsal ribs; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles recurved, 1 times as long as stylopodium;
ripe fruit not known. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 3.)
Stony taluses in alpine belt, 3,000—3,300m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from atop Sangisauz Range. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 978. ELEUTHEROSPERMUM * C. Koch.
C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 365. Pleurospermum subg. Eleutherospermum Drude in
E.—P. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 172
Calyx-teeth short, obtuse; petals greenish, yellowish-whitish or pink-
purple, broadly ovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid,
laterally compressed; mericarps with 5 acute ribs; valleculae with canals,
4 canals toward commissure; albumen crescent-shaped in cross section
with incurved margins. Perennial herbs, with bi- or tripinnatisect leaves
and subulate or linear leaflets of involucre and involucel.
Two species in the Caucasus and Asia Minor.
1. Rays of umbels and umbellets glabrous; petals greenish- or yellowish-
SIGUE BES a these Coa tarp Mace Mlk elites iia Gall Il SO 1. E.cicutarium (M. B.) Boiss.
ate Rays of umbel and umbellets scabrous above; petals purple or pink-
ECCUSIe kee ce: och A OEe, een te Cte ee MORE Le ae eee 2. E.lazicum Boiss.
1. E.cicutarium (M.B.) Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 924; Shmal'g., Fl. I,
427.— EF. grandifolium C.Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 31; Ldb. FI.
Ross. Il, 364 (sphalm. grandiflorum); Bordzilovskii in Vestn. Kievsk.
Bot. Sada, XII— XIII (1936) 102; descr. emends— B). chirys anit u ms soma
et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. Ital.II, 2 (1895) U4 in Bulles SOCH > OLemliclls
* From the Greek eleutheros — free, sperma — seed.
168
(1895) 43 and in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900) 183.- Smyrnium cicuta-
rium M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.!I (1808) 239.— Physospermum cicuta-
rium Spreng. Umbellif. Spec. (1813) 23; DC. Prodr.IV, 247; Ldb. Fl.
~ Ross. II, 363.— Ph. actaeifolium Hichw. Casp.-Cauc. (1831-1833) 32,
2370
non Presl.— Ligusticum caucasicum Willd. ex Schult. Syst. VI
(1820) 457.— Hladnikia cicutaria Boiss. ineAnn. Se. mates ser. llP ul
(1844) 71.— Pleurospermum cicutarium Drude in Engl. u. Prantl,
Natirl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 172.— P. grandiflorum Drude (sphalm.
pro grandifolio)l.c. (1898).
Perennial; stem 40—100cm high, cylindrical, slightly sulcate, simple
or branching, 3—6mm thick at base; lower cauline leaves sessile on ex-
panded sheath, ovate-triangular, 8 cm long, 10-12 cm wide, ternate; primary
lobes ovate or triangular, acuminate, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; lateral
lobes sessile, terminal lobe decurrent, pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite or
pinnatisect, the lobes of the last order linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or
acutely toothed, with obscurely scabrous margin, lighter beneath, uppermost
leaves reduced, sessile on sheath. Umbels of 6—12 unequal, furrowed,
glabrous, ca. 6cm long rays; leaflets of involucre 3—7, linear, glabrous,
entire or 2—3-lobed, becoming reflexed; involucels of 3—5 linear or linear-
lanceolate herbaceous leaflets half the length of the pedicels; calyx with
5 short obtuse teeth; petals greenish-yellowish or white, tapering to long
inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, laterally compressed, 5—6.5mm
long, 4-4.5mm wide; mericarps with 5 acute ribs; valleculae with 3 canals,
commissure with 4; albumen with incurved margins; stylopodium sub-
conical; styles much shorter than stylopodium. July—August. (Plate XV,
Figure 11, Plate XVIlIla, Figure Ve)
Subalpine meadows, edges of mountain forests.— Caucasus: Cisc., W.,
E. and S.Transe. Gen. distr.: N.Iran. Described from Alazan River
valley. Type in Leningrad.
2. E.lazicum Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872)'924.= 5. rubel -
lum E.Buschin Tr. Bot. muz. AN SSSR, XXIII (i931) 2295 — een rio =
spermum lacicum Drude (erron.) in Engl. u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflan-
zenfam. III, 8 (1898) 172.—Ic.: E. Busch, ibid., Fig. 1.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous, except for inflorescence; rhizome
long, creeping; stem 40—80 cm high, cylindrical, faintly ribbed, simple or
branching above; blades of radical and lower cauline leaves triangular,
10cm long and just as wide, dark green above, light green beneath, bipin-
natisect, their petioles longer than the blades; secondary lobes ovate,
acute, 4.5—-7cm long, 2-4cm wide, unequally pinnatifid or deeply dentate;
upper leaves smaller, sessile on expanded sheaths. Umbels 3—8cm across,
rays 6—10,unequal, scabrous above; leaflets of involucre 1—3, unequal,
subulate, only a fraction of the rays in length or absent; umbellets ca. lcm
across, with short-scabrous rays; leaflets of involucels unequal, subulate,
3—4, calyx-teeth short, obtuse; petals violet or dark or light red. July—
August.
Mountain beech forests.— Caucasus: W.,E. and S. Transc. (W.). Gen.
distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range). Described from Pontus Range. Type in
Geneva.
169
238
241
Note. E.rubellum E. Busch was included in the synonymy of
E.lazicum Boiss. for the following reasons: E.lazicum differs from
E. cicutarium by the same characters as E. rubellum,i.e., smaller
leaves, scabrous rays of umbels and umbellets. According to E.A. Busch
E.rubellum is distinguished from E.lazicum by the color of the
petals, yet Boissier's description includes no reference to the color of the
petals. Voronov's specimens from Artvin district have dark violet petals,
in all other respects they agree with E.rubellum. The latter locality
links the distribution area of E.lazicum with the Caucasus.
Genus 979. AULACOSPERMUM * Lab.
Ldb. Fl. alt. IV (1833) 334.-Ligusticum Sect.IVAulacospermum Calest. in Webbia,I (1905) 211
Calyx with 5 conspicuous teeth; petals white, very rarely slightly
yellowish, broadly ovate, tapering to short claw, with tapering inward
curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium
flat-pulvinate, often bluish; styles recurved, usually shorter than stylo-
podium; mericarps with equal thin winged ribs; valleculae with 1 canal,
rarely with few, usually 4 canals at commissure; endosperm with deep
furrow; seeds adnate to mesocarp. Perennial herbs, with tripinnatisect
leaves.
Four to five species in the E. European part of the USSR, the mountains
of Central Asia, and eastern region of S. Siberia, to Sayans.
IS Wmisel cays oa 12 oy ia cee tt Sty one nt ee Ove en 2.
1" Uinllved Meany S el 2 A Ore, Wo ne, tegen sal ee (anes, Sere ct Tee re 4.
2. Petals faint yellow; leaflets of involucels usually “3 to 1 the length of
the pedicels; central flowers of umbel often sterile (Kirghiz Ala- Tau)
Aes TERT Bee ed cea ee 1 See 6. A.tianschanicum (Korov.) C. Norman.
ate Petals white or pink; at least some of the leaflets of involucels nearly
astlongraistumibel sraksot (: thtaiet seen.) so. lela nts Rte EROe | ae 3.
3. Primary lobes of leaves cut into cuneate-dentate, 1—1.5 cm wide
Ho ulesmyn ies cae tiers nome Peano Boe 5. A.turkestanicum (Franch.) Schischk.
ats Primary lobes of leaves cut to midrib into lanceolate or lanceolate-
linear, 0.3-—0.5cm wide, densely pinnate lobules. ...4. A.simplex Rupr.
4. Fruit smooth in valleculae, wings likewise smooth, entire, occasionally
UOUaNG TEU Ren aie tS ie i on at OE erie s a ads Moai RN RAD df a 1. A.anomalum Ldb.
a0 Fruit with small verrucae in valleculae, sometimes also on wings,
wings with wavy margins, often unequally dentate .......... eee Oy:
o. stems !0— 50 em high, usually many: iruit 5—5. om lone eae
nadine ete Set htc NAR cs a ae 3. A.darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk.
+ Stems 50-100 cm high, usually single; fruit 5.5-7mm long (European
DARE) ee ee RL OE nee en ee en 2. A.isetense (Spreng.) Schischk.
Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk.— Petals white, pink or
whitish-green; leaflets of involucels as long as or slightly shorter than
umbel rays.
* From the Greek aulax (genitive aulacos) — furrow, sperma — seed.
170
PLATE XVIII.
Schischk.
1—Hymenolaena pimpinellifolia Rupr.;
171
WN
2—H.nana Rupr.;
3—H. alpina
242
Series 1. Anomala Schischk.— Umbel rays numerous, 12—40.
1. A.anomalum Ldb. Fl. alt. IV (1833) 335; Fl. Ross. II, 362, ex p.;
Kryl., El. Zap. sibs VilIA20583— Cnidium anonbadliuantiedbos 1) cali
(1829) 330.— Pleurospermum anomalum B.Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest.
(1915) 604.— P.isetense K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX
(1916) 177,non Peucedanum isetense Spreng. (1818).— A. gono-
caulum M. Pop. in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. isp. prir. XLIV (1935) 129)—
A.rupestre M.Pop., ibid. (1935) 130, ex p.
Perennial; root rather thick, 5-10mm across, its neck covered with
dark brown remnants of sheaths, stem 10—70 cm high, sulcate, branching
above, sometimes obsolete, like leaves glabrous; radical and lower cauline
leaves on long sheathing petioles, longer than blade, blade generally oblong-
ovate or broadly ovate, 2.5-15cm long, 1-8 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect,
green above, paler beneath; primary lobes sessile or short-petioled, those
of the last order linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, 3-5mm long, 0.6—
1.5mm wide; upper leaves small, sessile on expanded amplexicaul petioles
with membranous margins. Umbels of 11—26, unequal, furrowed scabrous
or smooth rays; median umbel 8—15 cm across, the lateral much smaller;
involucre of 6—10 pinnatisect, 2—3-fid or entire leaflets with more or less
developed scarious margins, half the length of the rays or shorter; umbel-
lets 6-10mm across, with unequal, slightly scabrous pedicels; leaflets of
involucels numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or entire, usually
shorter than pedicels, with 1—2 large distal teeth; calyx-teeth conspicuous,
triangular; petals white, broadly ovate, drawn out into inward curved tip,
tapering to narrow claw; fruit broadly ovoid, 4-6mm long, 3.5-4mm wide;
stylopodium flat, entire; styles hardly exceeding or nearly equal to radius
of stylopodium. June-July. (Plate XV, Figure 15.)
Herbaceous and stony mountain slopes in the alpine belt, on cliffs, some-
times in meadows.— W.Siberia: Alt., Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb.,
T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (?). Described from Altai
(Charysh, Koksu, Aleksandrovsk). Type in Leningrad.
2. A.isetense (Spreng.) Schischk. comb. nov.— A. multifidum
Meinsh. in Linnaea, XXX (1859-1860) 515; Yu. Voron. in Fl. Yugo- Vost.
V, (75; Kryl., Fl. yZape Sib. VII, 2058.— A. tenuilobum Meinshs) lsc
015.— A.anomalum Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 362,ex p.— Peucedanum
sibiricum Spreng. Hist. r. herb. II (1808) 268, non Willd. (1797), nec
Kit. (1802).— P.isetense Spreng. Gesch. d. Bot. II (1818) 200; DC.
Prodga iW, isl — Ligeustneum multifidum. Smithm, Rees Cyclop.2ee
(1819) No.8; DC. Prodr.IV,159.— L.tenuilobum Calest. in Webbia
(USO) Bika a — Pleurospermum. muitifidum Benthy et Hook. from
Shmal'g., Fl. 1 (1895) 426.—Ic.: Gmel. Fl. Sib. I, tab. 42 et 43.— Exc.:
G. Ro ghe sNosZb sor
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root fusiform, its neck covered
with brown leaf-remnants; stem thick, ca. 1cm across, 50—100 cm high,
Single, erect, sulcate, upper part with slender obliquely antrorse branches
overtopping the main umbel; radical and lower cauline leaves on long
(10-20 cm) petioles expanding to sheath; blade generally oblong-ovate,
8—10cm long, 4cm wide, tripinnatisect; lobes of the last order 2—6mm
172
243
244
long, 0.3mm wide, decurrent, linear, acute, entire or dentate or 3-lobed;
upper leaves smaller, bipinnate or pinnate. Main umbel 10—15cm across,
larger than the others, of 20—30 rays, lateral umbels smaller, 10—12-rayed;
involucre of 8—10 lanceolate-linear, long-acuminate, dentate or pinnatifid
leaflets; umbellets many-flowered, with 6-10mm pedicels; leaflets of
involucels entire, rarely dentate, shorter than pedicels; petals white; fruit
broadly ovoid, subglobular, 5-7mm long and nearly as wide, with narrow
membranous slightly curly crenate-dentate wings, and with faintly irregul-
arly eroded surface; valleculae with small spherical tubercles. June—
July.
Exposed herbaceous, sometimes stony slopes, steppe meadows, pine
forests.— European part: V.-Kama, Transv., Urals; W. Siberia: U. Tob.
Endemic. Described from Isetskoe District. Type in Berlin.
3. A.darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk. comb. nov.— Hymenolaena
darvasica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 72.— Pleuro-
spermum darvasicum B. Fedtsch., Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 604.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root thick, to 1.5cm across,
stem 10—60cm high, base covered with dark brown fibrous leaf-remnants;
main stem at base usually bearing slightly erect, thinly ribbed, some-
what violet branches often overtopping main stem; radical and lower
cauline leaves ovate, 10—20cm long, 2.5—5cm wide, with long petioles ex-
ceeding blade, with 2—3 pairs of broadly ovate primary lobes on short
petiolules or sessile and decurrent, pinnatifid into obcuneate lobules with
slightly acute ovate teeth; upper cauline leaves 1—2, smaller, simple-pin-
nate. Main umbel 8—12cm across, the nearly equal 22—40 acutely ribbed,
glabrous rays strongly elongating in fruit; involucre of 6—8 oblong-linear
acuminate reflexed leaflets, often 2—3-partite or pinnate above, with white
scarious margins below; umbellets many-flowered, 1-2cm across;
involucels of 8—10 lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins, nearly as long
as umbellets, reflexed in fruit; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals whitish
or greenish-yellowish, ovate, tapering at base, with inward curved tip; fruit
broadly ovoid, 5—-5.5mm long, ca. 4mm wide, mericarps with 5 broad nearly
equal plicate-undulant wings, covered with vesicular verrucae between ribs;
oil tubes absent; stylopodium flat-pulvinate; styles recurved, longer than
stylopodium. July. (Plate XV, Figure 14.)
Alpine slopes, 3,000—3,400m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Darvaza and
Shugnan). Endemic. Described from sources of Gul'bed River and margins
of Abdul-Gasan glacier. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Simplices Schischk.— Unbel rays 5-12.
4. A.simplex Rupr. Sert. tiansch. (1869) 49.- A. rupestre M. Pop.
in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. ispyt. prir. nov. ser. XLIV (1935) 129, p.p.—
A.tenuisectum Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. Akad.
Nauk :UzSSR, XII (1948) 16.— A. roseum Korov. l.c. (1948) 18.—
Albertia commutata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878)
604, ex p.
Perennial; root thick, vertical or ascending, sometimes multicipital;
stem single or few, 10—50cm high, sulcate, like leaves glabrous, erect or
173
245
ascending at base, simple or branching, sometimes leafless, often with
1 leaf; radical leaves numerous, rarely few, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect,
their petioles long, as long as or 2—3 times as long as blade; blade broadly
ovate to ovate-oblong, paler beneath, 3-6 cm long, 1—3.5cm wide; primary
lobes broadly ovate, incised-dentate or pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear
acute teeth (or segments). Main umbel 2—7cm across, of 5—10 irregular,
furrowed rays glabrous or slightly scarious above; involucre of 3-8
lanceolate, entire or pinnatifid leaflets with scarious margins; umbellets
5—10mm across, with numerous, crowded pedicels; involucels of 8 lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, scarious, acute leaflets, usually as
long as pedicels; petals whitish-greenish or pinkish; fruit broadly ovoid,
3—4mm long, 2.5—3.5mm wide, with 5 winged ribs, their margins often
undulant. July-August. (Plate XV, Figure 12.)
Stony coastal slopes in alpine belt, alpine meadows 3,300m, Central
Asian mountain juniper forests, herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-
Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-Tau), T. Sh.,Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang.
Described from Tien Shan, Dzhaman-Daben and Tashrabat passes. Type
in Leningrad.
Note. Typically the plant is easily distinguished from A.anomalum
Ldb. which it sometimes closely resembles in habit, but varies markedly
in its dimensions. It grows more to the south and reaches the north of
Dzungarian Ala-Tau as against A. anomalum which is confined to Altai
and the mountains along the upper Yenisei River. There are also some
records of A. anomalum from Dzungaria and Zailiiski Ala-Tau. In
habit, A. simplex is very close to the species of Pachypleurum but
in the flowering stage it is easily distinguished by its extremely unequal
umbel rays, while in Pachypleurum they are nearly equal; in fruit the
winged ribs are equal, thin; in Pachypleurum the styles are several
times as long as the stylopodium; in A.simplex they are shorter or
slightly longer.
5. A.turkestanicum (Franch.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Pleuro-
spermum (Hymenolaena) turkestanicum Franch. in Ann. Sc.
Nat. XVI (1883) 295.— A.latipennum Pavl. in Byull. Mosk. obshch.
ispyt. prir. Nov. ser. XLVII, 1 (1938) 81.-— A. pratense Korov. in Bot.
Mat. gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 17.— dr a @hwyydanuiadr
turkestanicum Lipsky from O. and B. Fedchenko, Perech. rast. Turk.
II (1909) 123.
Perennial; root elongate, cylindrical, rather thick, its neck surrounded
with brown leaf remnants; stem 40—80cm high, erect, angular, acutely
ribbed in upper part, branching from middle; radical leaves 3—5, their
petioles as long as or twice as long as blade; blade broadly ovate, 8-12cm
long, 4-5 cm wide, pinnatisect into ovate or obovate, 2-—4cm long, 1-1.5cm
wide sessile lobes; pinnatisect in turn into ovate cuneate lobules, incised-
dentate in upper half; lower cauline leaves similar, the upper smaller and
less dissected; sheaths short, narrow, with scarious margin. Umbel rays
5—12, glabrous or sometimes slightly scabrous above, thin, irregular,
2—5cm long; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear, with scarious margins,
sometimes incised at apex, divergent, 5-6mm long; umbellets 5-6mm
across, 10-flowered; leaflets of involucels 3—4, oblong-lanceolate or linear,
174
246
with scarious margins, nearly as long as rays; calyx-teeth small, tri-
angular; petals clawed, with narrow inward curved tip, 1.5—1.7mm long;
stylopodium dark green or olive, flat with undulant margin; styles recurved,
nearly as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 4-59mm long, with narrowly
winged undulant or dentate ribs; valleculae finely vesicular-verrucose;
canals solitary in valleculae, usually absent at commissure. July—August.
Subalpine meadows.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.)? Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from W. Tien Shan. Type in Paris.
Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk. subg. nov. in Addenda XV, 428.
Petals slightly yellowish; leaflets of involucels much shorter than rays.
6. A.tianschanicum (Korov.) C.Norman in Journ. Bot. Lond. LXXVI
(1938) 233.— Trachydium tianschanicum Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz.
Gos. univ. VII, Suppl. (1924) 23.— Exs.: H.F.A.M. No. 29.
Perennial; root thick, vertical or oblique; stem single or few, 20-50cm
high, sulcate, like leaves glabrous, erect, slightly flexuose, leafy, branching
from middle or beyond; radical leaves numerous, petioles long, abruptly
expanding to sheath, the blades oblong or broadly ovatebi- or tripinnatisect,
paler beneath; primary lobes pinnatisect, secondary lobes cut nearly to
base into lanceolate-linear acute lobules. Umbels 2—7cm across, of 5—10
glabrous furrowed rays; general involucre of 3—8 lanceolate leaflets with
broad scarious margin, often cut into few teeth at apex; umbellets of fo—13
rays, 9-10mm across; involucels of 2—5 lanceolate leaflets with broad
scarious margins, usually shorter than pedicels, sometimes involucre
absent; petals white, pink or slightly yellowish; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly
compressed laterally, 2—-4mm long, with broad sometimes undulant winged
ribs. June—July.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from
Aleksandr Range. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 980. TRACHYDIUM * Lindl.
Lindl. in Royle, Ilustr. Bot. Himal. (1836) 232
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; -petals obovate, notched, with small inward
curved lobule in notch; fruit ovoid or subglobose, slightly compressed
laterally, slightly tapering along commissure; mericarps with 5 prominent
ribs, densely covered with small white verrucae; canals single or 2 in
valleculae. Perennial low mountain herbs, with bi-tripinnate leaves.
Trachydium has up to 10 species distributed in the Himalayas,
mountains of Iran and Asia Minor.
1. Fruit 1—1.5mm long, nearly as wide ..... 1. T.kopetdaghense Korov.
cu: Fruit 4mm long, 3-3.5mm wide ........ 2. T.dichotomum Korov.
* From the Greek trachys — rough, uneven, referring to the small verrucae which densely cover the
valleculae.
175
(247)
i Ay Wy i
: Ww
\ i) (U) 4 qs ( =
y A ay \ Wh
OU _aiian
UY ey
iS) ~ fj
Mth "4 Wf
Baw | 1 /
SOs
PLATE XVIIla: 1— Eleutherospermum cicutarium (M.B.) Boiss.; 2— Lecokia
(Lam.) DC.
Cneinen
WG
49
250
1. T. kopetdaghense Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VII, Suppl.
(1924) 23, b, note.
Perennial; root long, vertical, 3-5mm thick, multicipital, its collar
densely covered with dark brown leaf remnants; stems few, 20—40 cm high,
bearing from base or middle few obliquely ascending branches, like leaves
glabrous; radical leaves numerous, their petioles nearly as long as blade;
blade oblong, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, with 2—4 primary lobes and small,
ovate or lanceolate, 1.5-3mm long, 0.5—1mm wide lobules of the last order.
Umbels 2—5cm across, of (4)5(9) unequal glabrous verrucose rays; in-
volucre of 3—5 linear-lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins, much
shorter than rays; umbellets on unequal pedicels of 5-10 rays; involucels
of 3—5 lanceolate nearly entire scarious leaflets, shorter than pedicels;
petals yellow; fruit subglobose, small, ca. 1—1.5mm long and nearly as
wide, rather densely covered with small white verrucae; stylopodium short-
conical. (Plate XV, Figure 16.)
Mountain meadows and herbaceous slopes, to 2,000m.— Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Kugitang). Endemic. Described from
the mountains of Kopet Dagh. Type in Tashkent.
2. T.dichotomum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN
UzSSR, XII (1948) 19.
Perennial; root rather thick, ascending or vertical, its collar densely
covered with black-brown leaf remnants; stem solitary or few, 10—40 cm
high, erect, like leaves glabrous, bearing nearly from base 1—3 cauline
leaves and few obliquely ascending branches; radical leaves more or less
numerous, their petioles usually shorter than the blades; blade oblong or
ovate, 2-6 cm long, 1—-3cm wide, bi- or tripinnate with 3-5 pairs of ovate
primary lobes and pinnatisect lobes of the second order; especially lower
leaves pinnatifid into linear-oblong acute lobes; cauline leaves much
smaller and less dissected. Umbels of 3—6 unequal slightly furrowed
glabrous rays; involucre of 3—5 unequal lanceolate acute leaflets with
broad scarious margins, 3—7 times shorter than umbel rays; umbellets
5—7-flowered; involucels of 3—5 lanceolate leaflets with broad scarious
margins as long as or shorter than pedicels; fruit ovoid, dark, compressed
laterally with filiform ribs, 4mm long, 3—3.5mm wide, covered with white
verrucae; valleculae with 1 canal, 2 canals at commissure. June.
Stony slopes and subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from Kugitang Range. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 981. EREMODAUCUS * Bee.
Bge. in Delect. sem. Horti Dorpat. (1843) VI; (1844) 151.-—Trachydium subgen. Eremodaucus
Drude in Engl. u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 172.
Calyx-teeth broadly triangular, inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate,
with inward curved lobe; fruit cylindrical-flattened, slightly compressed
laterally; stylopodium short-conical; styles divergent, stigma capitate;
stylopodium with 3 acute dorsal ribs and 2 less developed lateral ribs,
* From the Greek eremos — desert, daukon — carrot.
177
densely covered with verrucose eminences; carpophore not separating;
albumen deeply notched toward commissure. Annual, with tripinnatisect
leaves.
A monotypic genus endemic to Central Asia, E. Transcaucasia, and
Afghanistan.
1. E.lehmannii Bge. in Delect. sem. Horti Dorpat. (1843) p. VI; Rel.
Lehman. in Mém. Sav. etr. Acad. Pétersb. VII (1851) 317; Boiss. Fl. or.
II, 930; Lipskii in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 55; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II,
142.“ Albertia’ miargaritifemal Rel Set Schmalhe vin wir sehen sade
V (1878) 605.— Trachydium lehmanni Bent. et Hook. Gen. plett
(1867) 884.— Ic.: Aitchison in Trans. Linn. 2 ser. vol. III, tab. XI (1888);
Drude in Engl. u. Prantl. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III Th. 8 Abth. f.63; H.F.
A.M. No. 237.
Annual; stem 15-110 cm high, glabrous, slightly ribbed, branching;
radical and lower cauline leaves with long petioles expanding to sheath;
blade tripinnatisect, lanceolate-triangular or triangular; primary lobes
lanceolate; upper leaves smaller, subsessile; the cauline leaves subtend
reduced lateral branches appearing like bundles of leaves. Umbels of 5—15
unequal smooth rays, the central rays very short, the marginal recurved in
fruit; involucre of 5 oblong leaflets sometimes pinnatifid above with broadly
scarious margin, reflexed in fruit; umbellets numerous; flowers on short
pedicels; leaflets of involucels 3, oval with broad scarious margins, and
short mucro; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, 2—3mm long; fruit
compressed laterally, cylindrical-flattened, 3.5mm long,4mm wide; after
fruits abscise the pedicels, especially the marginal ones, turn into spines.
May-June. (Plate XIII, Figure 2.)
Artemisia-mixed herb-feather-grass and sandy steppes near arable
lands, clearings, among wheat, flax, alfalfa, on bogara (arid, non-irrigated
serozem or montane chestnut soils in Central Asia), to 1,500m.— Caucasus:
251 E.Transc. (introduced into Apsheron Peninsula); Centr. Asia: Syie Des
Amu D., Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. (N. Iran, Afghanistan).
Described from Katta-Kurgan near Bukhara. Type in Paris.
Genus 982. LECOKIA* DC.
DC. Collect. des Mém.V (1829) 67
Flowers bisexual or polygamous; calyx-teeth short; petals obovate,
with inward curved tip; fruit elliptic or ovoid, tapering above and below,
compressed laterally; stylopodium conical, with suberect hardening styles;
mericarps subcircular in cross section, the broad thick obtuse ribs
covered with hamate bristles; valleculae very narrow, slit-like; stereomes
large, reniform in cross section, confinedtoribs; canals numerous,
arranged in ring; albumen with deep furrow toward commissure. Perennial
glabrous herbs, their leaves bipinnatisect, with ovate terminal lobes.
A monotypic genus distributed from Crete to Iran.
* After Henry Lecog (1804—1871), professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden in Clermont
(France).
178
252
1. L.cretica (Lam.) DC. Collect. des Mém. V (1829) 67; DC. Prodr.
Vine 4.0-0 NidbaAvlASRoOssS slitao9s eborss she moicaly Dols) INozo—Eoljean West.
Tifl. Bot. Sada, 38—39 (1916) 156; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,142.—Cachrys
Grae ice alam. a Dictaia(!789))| 259.— ican di xs lati holla silbth. Hil iGraec.
III (1819) tab. 284.— Ic.: Kozo-Pol., ibid., tabl. 7 (1916) Sibth. l.c. tab. 284;
Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. Sada (1914) 45 (fruit).
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root thick, woody; stem single,
erect, 5—8mm thick, 35—50cm high, nearly simple, angular-ribbed; radical
leaves triangular, 25—40cm long, 20—35cm wide, bipinnatisect, their petioles
expanding to sheath; terminal lobes ovate, 4.5-—7cm long, 3-4cm wide,
cuneate or rounded at base, acuminate, entire, or 2—3-lobed, equally dentate;
cauline leaves sessile on broadly ovate, inflated, membranous, semiamplexi-
caul sheath. Terminal umbel much larger than the others, 5-10cm across,
of 5—12 thickish, divergent, ribbed rays; lateral umbels of 10—15 long-
pediceled staminate flowers; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels subulate;
calyx-teeth very small, acute; petals white; fruit elliptic or ovoid, to 10—
15mm long. May. (Plate XVIlIla, Figure 2.)
Shady forests.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min.),
Iran. (N.). Described from Crete. Dypemn tears:
Genus 983* HIPPOMARATHRUM ** Hoffmgg. et Link
Hoffmgg. et Link, Fl. Port.II (1820) 411; Link, Enum. hort. Berol.I (1821) 271
Calyx-teeth distinct; petals yellow, rather broad, with inward curved
tip; stylopodium short-conical, sometimes with slightly undulant margin;
fruit ovoid, subglobose or wider than long, slightly compressed laterally
or contracted along suture, dorsal ribs large, robust, equal, subtriangular,
protruding, tuberculate, rugose or smooth; aerophores absent; ribbed
stereomes strongly developed, subtriangular in cross section; further small
single, often paired stereomes in the valleculae; oil tubes numerous, often
irregularly arranged; carpophore 2-partite; endosperm deeply incised,
with inturned margins. Tall perennials, with strongly branching stem;
leaves many times pinnatipartite into strong, narrow linear, sometimes
spinose lobules; umbels many-rayed; leaflets of involucre and involucels
numerous, entire.
1. Terminal lobules short, thicker, strong, 3—6(9)mm long .....
a SRI Got Sa RRR ICE Rao 2. H.caspium (DC.) Grossh.
1 Terminal lobules long, usually not less than lcm,rarely 0.8cm ....2.
4, Weraanuinel Iolo USA Gian eiayes weeursllyy oO) ALD) Oi BC 44 6 5 5 5 a 8 Oe
eS I RR PN cen He RR 1. H.microcarpum (M.B.) B. Fedtsch.
a erminal: lobules) thinnerlonger, 4—8(9)\cm long 4s 4a). tie
SEIT Cena eae Oo ene, eee eae 3. H. longilobum (DC.) B. Fedtsch.
* Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko.
** From the Greek hippos — horse, marathon — fennel (horse-fennel), presumably referring to the
resemblance of the leaves to those of fennel.
is
253
254
1. H.microcarpum (M.B.) B. Fedtsch. comb. nov.- H. crispum
Koch in Nova Act. Nat. Cur. XII (1824) 136.- Cachrys microcarpa
M.B. Tableau (1798) 113; M.B. Beschr. Land. zw. Terek u. Kura (1800)
16%; M.Bi Pl. taun--cauc., 1(1808) 218.—(C.er isa jPers.Synops: splat
(1805) 311; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 357.- Rumia microcarpa Hoffm.
Umbellifer. ed. 2 (1816) 175.— Aegomarathrum crispum Steud.
Nomencl. ed.2,1 (1840) 30.— Ic.: Hoffm. l.c. f. tit. 3,21: K.-Pol.
Sciadoph. lineam. fig. XVII.
Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely glabrous, rarely short-hairy;
stems robust, angular-ribbed, strongly branching above into opposite or
whorled branches; radical leaves long-petioled, their blades oblong-ovate,
10—30cm long, 15-20 cm wide, many times parted into filiform mucronate
lobules 6-20mm long, ca. 2mm wide; sometimes lobules not as long (var.
brachylobum Ldb.); cauline leaves sessile, smaller than radical.
Umbels of 7-12 rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels short, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate; petals yellow, glabrous; fruit oblong-globose, with
thick, obtuse, verrucose ribs; calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium.
June—July.
Dry hills and herbaceous slopes.— Caucasus: Everywhere, except for
Talysh. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (eastern part), Arm.-Kurd., Iran.
Described from Transcaucasia, between Kuba and Shemakha (M. Bieberstein).
Cotype in Leningrad.
Note. H.crispum Koch.,used by many authors, is not valid according
to the rules of nomenclature as M. Bieberstein was the first to give it a
binary name in 1798. Persoon, in his book published in 1805, referring to
Bieberstein, uses the epithet "microcarpa" (Cachrys microcarpa);
on the same page there is also the first description of Cachrys crispa,
a plant of unknown origin, described after specimens cultivated in the
Monier garden at Versailles.
2. H.caspium (DC.) Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 221.— H. ampli-
folium Ldb. in C.A. Mey. Verz. Pfl. Caucas. (1831) 131.—H. erve-
PUM vars cE asisilopum Boiss. shit, omit (Lor2) S32n— Ee hinonp meas
aspia DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 235.- Cachrys amplifolia Ldb. in
Eichw. Casp.-Cauc. (1831) 6,12.— Ic.: Eichw. l.c. tab. IX.
Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely, but especially stems and
branches, short-scabrous; stems angular, strongly branching above, with
opposite or whorled branches; lower leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, many
times parted into short, linear-subulate lobules; blades 20—30cm long,
15—20cm wide; lobules 4— 6(9) mm long, 1—1.25mm wide, stiff, acuminate,
nearly spinose; cauline leaves sessile, smaller. Umbels of 7—12 rays;
leaflets of involucre and involucels short, linear or linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, flowers yellow; petals glabrous; fruit wider than long, the
ribs thick, obtuse, verrucose; calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium.
June.
Coastal hills.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (near Baku). Endemic. Described
from Sal'yany near Baku (Ganzen collections). Type in Geneva.
3. H.longilobum (DC.) B. Fedtsch. ex Grossg., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949)
221, erroneously "“longifolium.''— H.crispum var. longilobum Boiss.
Fl. or. II (1872) 932.- Cachrys longiloba DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 237.
180
257
Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely glabrous or short haired;
stems slightly angular, strongly branching above, branches opposite or
whorled; leaves glabrous, rounded-ovate, many times parted into filiform
mucronate lobules; radical leaves petiolate, blades 25-35 cm long, 15—
25 cm wide, lobules (3)5—8.5(9.5)cm long, 1mm wide, slightly arcuate;
cauline leaves smaller, sessile. Umbels of 7-12 rays; leaflets of involucre
andinvolucels large, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate; flowers yellow;
petals glabrous; fruit wider than long, the ribs thick, obtuse, verrucose;
calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium. June.
Mountain slopes. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (Karabakh). Gen. distr.:
N. Iran (province of Khoi) and Azerbaidzhan. Described from the province
of Khoi (Shovits). Type in Geneva.
Genus 984. CACHRYS* L. emend. Koch
L. Gen. pl. ed.I (1737) 75; Koch in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.xI1 (1824) 1385.— Cachrys sect. Eucachrys
DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 236.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous or short; petals yellow, entire with inward
curved tip, fruit broadly ovoid or ovoid-oblong, with thick spongy pericarp
and inconspicuous ribs; canals numerous, thin, close to surface of seed;
albumen deeply concave toward commissure. Perennial herbs, with 3—4-
pinnate leaves.
Of the 22 species distributed mostly in the East Mediterranean floristic
region, 5 are endemics with narrow distribution areas in the Soviet Union.
1. Entire plant glabrous (European DATE ack ye ean kee (eG alpiga Vis.
a Ritant mleqerOleleSSepuoeS@eMt 0m Gia) ien oc! =i ce ote cae eiecl ” -) 2.
2. Terminal leaf lobules 5-20mm long, 0.6mm wide .....-+.-.-+-+:: 3.
+ Terminal leaf lobules 2-4mm long, 0.5-l1mm wide .......-.--- 4.
3. Terminal leaf lobules glabrous, straight; umbels of 5-10 rays
wh Silos SPREE T AGES, Su ceionc soar Neameran ection chmoitcwciia ropes 2. C.macrocarpa Ldb.
it Terminal leaf lobules densely covered with short stiff hairs, often
arcuate; umbels of 8-loO rays ...-.--+-+++++-2:5 3. C.herderi Rgl.
4. Stems 25—30cm high, lobules oblong-linear, 2-3mm long, 1mm wide;
fruit obovoid, 6-10mm long, 5—7mm wide ..---+-++-++-+++:+-::>
Re a ee EE PEMA ChS. conc MM GELE eis. ccekuy cogs 5. C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk.
ar Stems 60—90cm high; lobules linear, 3—4mm long, 0.5—0.8mm wide;
fruit oblong-ovoid, 10—12mm long, 4-5mm wide ..--+++-++--+-++::
sto A ESI 5 Es rooney. se AL MenRe ge Mee ois) (9.2 9.8) smc 4. C.odontalgica Pall
Series 1. Alpinae Schischk.— Plant completely glabrous; fruit broadly
ovoid, with inconspicuous ribs.
1. C.alpina M.B. FI. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 217; DC. Prodr.IV, 237;
Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 357; Schmal'g., Fl.1, 428.— Exs.: G.R.F. No.1721.
* From the Greek cachrys, its ancient Greek name.
181
(255)
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PLATE XIX. 1—Cachrys macrocarpa Ldb.; 2—Cryptodiscus cachroides Schrenk.
182
Perennial; plant 60—100cm high, entirely glabrous; stem erect, branch-
ing above, slightly ribbed; radical leaves broadly triangular, ternate at
base, 3—4-pinnatisect, together with petioles 40—50cm long, 50-60cm wide,
on petioles more or less long; lobules filiform or hair-like, more or less
arcuate, 2.5—6cm long, with short mucro; cauline leaves similar but
smaller. Terminal umbels larger than the others, 6-8 cm across, of 8—15
glabrous rays; involucre and involucels of 3—5 bristly, linear or lanceolate,
acute leaflets with scarious margin; petals yellow; fruit 1.2-1.8cm long,
0.6—1 cm wide, ovoid, with obscure longitudinal furrows. May.
Southern mountain slopes, light oak and pine forests. — European part:
L. Don (Kazanskaya village),Crim. Gen. distr.: Bal. Described from the
Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Macrocarpae Schischk.— Plant pubescent; fruit ovoid, its
ribs prominent, sometimes winged; terminal leaf lobules 5—20mm long.
2. C.macrocarpa Ldb. FI. alt.I (1829) 364; Fl. Ross.Il, 356; Kryl.,
Hi eZape sibs Wille 2039.— les: ledbw ies ply bike Ross. LV) taboo.
Perennial; stems few, 30—60cm high, sulcate, covered with short stiff
hairs, becoming subglabrous, branching above, its base covered with
remnants of petioles; radical leaves numerous, triangular, 25—30cm long,
slightly wider, ternate at base, on short petioles; primary lobes on rather
long petiolules (to 10cm), 2—3-pinnate, lobules of the last order linear,
straight, acuminate, glabrous, 5-20 mm long, 0.5-—l1mm wide; petioles and
sheaths covered with short hairs, becoming subglabrous; cauline leaves
smaller, less finely dissected, with short sheaths. Umbels in corymbiform
panicle; terminal umbels larger than the others, 12—15cm across, of —
5-10 glabrous or slightly scabrous rays; involucre of 5 short, linear or
ovate leaflets with scarious margin; involucels of ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse, scarious leaflets many times shorter than rays; calyx-teeth incon-
spicuous; petals yellow; fruit ovoid with rounded apex, 1—1.8cm long,
0.6—1.2 cm wide, subcircular in cross section, primary ribs prominent,
nearly winged, the secondary narrower; pericarp thick, spongy, separating
lengthwise into 10 rhombic lobes (?). May-June. (Plate XIX, Figure 1).
Stony and herbaceous slopes, on rocks.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia:
Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Saur). Endemic. Described from near
Ust-Kamenogorsk, Bukhtarminsk and Lake Zaisan. Type in Leningrad.
3. C.herderi Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 601.
Perennial; stems 30—70cm high, single, ribbed, very short-scabrous to
hairy, branching from base or middle; radical leaves broadly triangular or
broadly ovate, with petioles 15-40 cm long, 7-30cm wide, rather densely
covered with short stiff hairs, 3-4-pinnate, ternate at base; primary lobes
on 2.5-8cm long petiolules; lobules of the last order linear, acuminate,
often curved, 1—2cm long, 0.5—1mm wide, with very short stiff hairs;
cauline leaves smaller, less dissected, with short sheaths. Terminal umbels
larger than the others, 8—15cm across, of 8-15 glabrous or scabrous rays;
leaflets of involucre and involucels 3—7, linear with scarious margins,
partly caducous; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long,
183
259
260
with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 1.5—2cm long, ca. 1cm wide,
with spongy pericarp, without ribs. June.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau).
Endemic. Described from Kara Cheka. Type in Leningrad.
Series 3. Odontalgicae Schischk.— Plant pubescent; fruit oblong-ovoid,
without noticeable ribs, terminal leaf lobules 2-4mm long.
4. C.odontalgica Pall. Reise III, Anhang (1776) 720; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II
396,ex p.; 4Shmial"o {F1. 1, 4275, Gross¢., Fl.) Kavk/ Ill, 143g — es Palltiae:
tab= Grip os) Hil Yugo NVOSt. Wairoa).
Perennial; root 1—1.5cm thick, erect, its neck covered with fibrous leaf
remnants; stem 60—90cm high, erect, ribbed, branching, like leaves with
short scabrous hairs; radical leaves broadly triangular, petioles nearly
as long as blade; blade 10-12 cm long, 8-13 cm wide, 3—4-pinnatisect;
primary and secondary lobes petioluled, lobules of the last order linear,
3—4mm long, 0.5-—0.8mm wide, obtuse; cauline leaves smaller, less dis-
sected, sessile on short expanded sheath. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 4—7
glabrous rays; umbellets 5—10-flowered; involucre and involucels of 5—7
linear-lanceolate, ciliate leaflets; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals
yellow with inward curved tip, glabrous outside; fruit oblong-ovoid, obtusely
truncate, smooth, 10-12 mm long, 4-5mm wide, without ribs; stylopodium
short-conical; styles twice as long as stylopodium, divergent, with recurved
tips.. Fl. May—June. Fr. June-July.
In wormwood and kokpekty steppes, solonetz meadows.— European part:
Bl., L. Don, Transv., L. V., Crim. (Kerch Peninsula); Caucasus: Cisc.;
Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described lafter material collected on]
a journey between the Volga and Yaik (now Ural River). Type in London.
5. C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Ferula pubescens
Pall. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 598; DC. Prodr.IV,174.— C.odontal-
oi Ca sknyl Aue PZalp, asibe VIM, 21038 mon; Pall;
Perennial; entire plant covered with short glandular hairs; stem 25—
30cm tall, erect, branching in upper part, its base covered with fibrous
remnants of petioles; radical leaves on 1.5—5cm petioles with oblong-
ovate, 3—4-pinnate blade 4—8cm long, 2—4cm wide; primary lobes and
basal lobes of the second order petioluled, the others sessile, lobules of the
last order linear-oblong, obtuse, 2-3mm long, 1mm wide; cauline leaves
small, slightly dissected. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 3—7 rays gathered in
paniculate inflorescence; umbellets 5—10-flowered; involucre and in-
volucels of few small caducous leaflets; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals
greenish-yellowish, dorsally short-haired; fruit obovoid, obtusely truncate,
circular in cross section, smooth, without ribs, 6-10mm long, 5-7mm wide.
May—June.
Sandy and solonetz steppes.— W.Siberia: Irt., Alt. (W.); Centr. Asia:
Balkh., Dzu-Tarb. Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type was in Berlin.
Note. In the East the restored C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk.
vicariates with C. odontalgica.
184
:
|
Genus 985. CRYPTODISCUS* Schrenk
| Schrenk, Enum, pl. nov.1 (1841) 64
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, not notched, with inward curved
tip; fruit geminate, with thick spongy pericarp, glabrous or densely
pubescent; the marked contortion of the mericarps from base to apex has
caused the stylopodium to be sunk in the slit between the mericarps and to
become outwardly inconspicuous in ripe fruits; ribs 5 per mericarp, faint;
albumen deeply concave. Perennial herbs with large 3-pinnatisect petiolate
radical leaves.
| Four species in the deserts of Central Asia and Iran.
ie remit densely white-haired — 72". 6 <2 6. 1. C.ammophilus Bge.
+ Ripe fruit glabrous or with sparse hairs ......-.-+++++++-+-- 2.
2. Lower part of stems and leaves gray from dense pubescence (Muyun-
TRGULIG GL) Iya tat aC a era ca ae OP hla Ia 4. C.arenarius Schischk.
ay Plant green, less densely hairy or subglabrous ......-.--+-+-+-+-- 3.
3. Leaves deeply triangular, primary and secondary lobes petioluled
PO ee ak SMS RETO SENN ae Sah I 2. C.didymus (Rgl.) Korov.
ae Leaves oblong, primary and secondary leaves sessile ........--.-
= chaiby Gera eee Saker Mii il eerie a Aer ie ese ieee 3. C.cachroides Schrenk.
Series 1. Ammophili Schischk.— Ripe fruit densely pubescent.
1. C.ammophilus Bge. in Mém. sav. étr. Acad. Petersb. VII (1851)
351.— Cachrys korolkowii Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V
(1878) 602.- C. ammophila K.-Pol. in Izv. Mosk. Obshch. isp. Wieiies
Nov. ser. XXIX (1915) 163. ;
Perennial; root long, ascending, its neck covered with fibrous remnants
of petioles; stem single, 40—80cm high, erect, obtusely angular, slightly
furrowed, glabrous, nearly leafless, with few thin branches; radical leaves
long-petioled, canaliculate in upper part; blade ca. 20cm long, glabrous,
broadly ovate, tripinnatisect, its lobes far removed; primary lobes more
or less long-petioluled, the secondary sessile or short-petioluled, the lower
ternate, the upper simple, lanceolate or ovate, acute, with inward turned
margins, 0.5-1.5cm long, 1-5 mmwide; cauline leaves usually absent,
rarely 1 or 2 reduced leaves on sheaths; blade pinnatisect into narrowly
linear, entire lobes. Umbels 2—5cm across, terminal on main stem and
branches, long-pedunculate, of 5, rarely 3 or 6 glabrous rays; leaflets of
involucre 3—5, lanceolate-subulate, with narrow scarious margins, covered
with gossamer hair; involucels of 5 lanceolate, thinly acuminate, Sites
haired leaflets as long as or slightly shorter than umbels; umbellets 12-
flowered, their rays very short at flowering, elongating in fruit; petals
greenish, broadly ovate, abruptly tapering to very short inward curved tip,
grayish-hairy outside; fruit geminate, densely white-haired, 6—7 mm long,
7—10mm wide; stylopodium flat, blackish-greenish; styles filiform,
spreading, caducous; canals numerous. April—June.
* From the Greek cryptos — hidden, discos — disk, referring to stylopodium.
185
262
|
Sands.— Centr. Asia: Kara K.,Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, |
Kuru-Gaudan). Endemic. Described from the unfixed sands of Batka- Kum)
Endemic. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Didymi Schischk.— Ripe fruit glabrous.
2. C.didymus (Rgl.) Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VII, Suppl.
(1924) 23.- Cachrys didyma Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1877) 601, ex
Dey ple otantanarmn esc: — Tscse: Ewha \ VINO a0):
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.8—1.2 cm thick, its neck dens ell
covered with brown leaf remnants; stem ca. 50cm high, erect, shortly and
densely scabrous-hairy, below, subglabrous in inflorescence, cylindrical,
thinly sulcate, branching from middle; radical leaves short-petiolate,
ovate-triangular, 15—20cm long, 5—30cm wide, scabrous hairy, 3-pinnati-
sect with primary lobes on 1—5cm long petiolules, lobules of the last order
lanceolate-linear, 2—10mm long, 0.5-1mm wide. Umbels 3—5cm across, |
of 4—6 glabrous rays; involucre absent or of 2—3 small sometimes ciliate |
lanceolate leaflets; umbellets ca. 1cm across; involucels of 5 very short 7
ca. 1mm long, lanceolate nearly entire scarious leaflets usually with ciliate
margins; ovary glabrous; stylopodium flattened with pubescent margins, —
hidden in ripe fruit; fruit geminate, 4-9mm long, 6-16mm wide; mericarp
subglobular. May. (Plate XXX, Figure 1.) |
Clayey or sandy deserts, wormwood-grass complexes, often solonetzic. —
Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (environs of Frunze and elsewhere), Syr D. (Mogol-
Tau, Mirza Chul). Type in Leningrad.
Note. The specimens from the environs of Frunze did not fully match
the description of the type of C. didymus (Rgl.) Korov., but the material
in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute is quite inadequate. The attentic
of future investigators is drawn to the plants from the vicinity of Frunze.
3. C.cachroides Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 65; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II,
367.— C. rutaefolia Bge. in Mem. sav. étrang. Acad. Pétersb. VII
(1851) 314.- Cachrys cryptodiscus K.-Pol. in Izv. Mosk. Obshch.
isp. prir. Nov. ser. XXIX (1915) 163.— C. rutaefolia K.-Pol., ibid, 163..
C Mdhid yimlapkocy lel Zap. sib. Vili 203 oe nonprede
Perennial; root 5—12cm thick, vertical, its neck covered with fibrous
leaf remnants; stems few or single, 25—60cm high, especially in lower part
densely covered with short stiff hairs, obscurely furrowed, with whorled
or opposite branches; radical leaves numerous, their petioles shorter than
the oblong, 10-20 cm long, 3-5mm wide, glabrous, bi- or nearly tripinnate
blade, with sessile primary pinnate lobes; secondary lobes ovate, 6-15mm
long, pinnatifid into acute ovate-lanceolate lobules; cauline leaves few,
sessile on expanded sheath, smaller, not as deeply cut. Umbels of 3—6
stiff-haired or subglabrous rays; involucre of 5—7 linear glabrous acute
erect leaflets shorter than umbel rays; umbellets 10—20-flowered; in-
volucels of 5—7 linear spreading leaflets ciliate at margins; ovary densely
covered with rather long hairs; unripe fruit covered with whitish thickish
very short sparse hairs; mature fruit glabrous, 5-7mm long, 8-10mm
wide; mericarps subcylindrical. April-May. (Plate XIX, Figure 2.)
186
Moving and fixed sands. — W.Siberia: Irt.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-
Tarb.,Syr D. Gen. distr.: sands along the Irtysh. Described from near
Lake Alakul' (Schrenk) between the source of the Sassykpastau and the
Arganat Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
Note. The specimens collected by Karelin and Kirillov do not mention
-checachroides Shrenk. On the label Lipsky divides them into the
independent species C.karelini Lipsky. In view of the above specimens
being inadequate for a description of the species, we are leaving this
question open.
4. C.arenarius Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda XV, 428.
Perennial; root vertical, ca. 1cm thick, collar densely covered with
fibrous leaf remnants; stem angular, with whorled branches, densely soft-
hairy in lower half, subglabrous above, 30-40 cm tall; radical leaves on
long densely pubescent petioles gradually tapering to long gradually ex-
panding sheath; blade triangular, tripinnatisect, 15-20 cm long, 10-12cm
wide, densely pubescent; primary lobes petioluled, the secondary sessile,
the terminal linear, 2—-7mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide. Umbels of 5-6 rays
becoming glabrous; involucre of 2—5 linear densely pubescent leaflets;
involucels of 3—5 short linear pubescent leaflets; flowers unknown; fruit
10-12mm long, ca. 15mm wide; mericarps subcylindrical, smooth. Fr.
June.
Hilly ridge sands, wormwood-grass complex. — Centr. Asia: Balkh.
(sands of Muyun-Kum). Endemic. Described from Muyun-Kum. Type in
Leningrad.
Genus 986.* PRANGOS ** Lindl.
Lindl. in Quart. Journ. Sc.XIX (1825) 7
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow with inward curved tip; fruit
oblong, subcircular in cross section, with broad commissure; stylopodium
short-conical, often with undulant margins; mericarps subglobular;
primary ribs thickish, spongy or cork-like, dorsal ribs with wing-like
extensions; wings flat or undulant; canals numerous, adjacent to the
broadly notched albumen with incurved margins. Rather large perennial
plants, glabrous or pubescent, with many times pinnatifid leaves and filiform
or lanceolate terminal lobules; leaflets of involucre and involucels
numerous.
Up to 25 species in the Mediterranean area, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia,
Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan and E. India.
Stas EIAereeUIS OUST BINS BP araretals Gre char! a eMoveMahe G's 6 bo Ge atel og
NAVAS ST SENS atieonaverBmehave bUle Nols EEA Bae Taner ero GO MoM a NG Go 57 65 ono a
aS TeavoueS) Ore MkSieiss whavelblliealy Merc) SNS a oo Noes oo aoPeN re! a Sys p ior) aTp
ar 1S) ap i
* Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko, revised by B.K.Shishkin.
** Indian name of the plant.
187
Betale hate Ouse Hse ero es Sela 1. P.acaulis (DC.) Bornm.
265
3. Fruit slightly compressed dorsally, broadly oval or subcircular in
CROSS SECHONE\s Giri Sh eke Reel seh cae 2. P. ferulacea (L.) Lind
a Fruit strongly compressed dorsally, narrowly oval in cross section; |
plant of Central Asia . .. eee
4. Leaf lobes directed forward, 6—-12(16)mmlong .............
ch apjoliey adh antes Se on Ral Qe ite teks. Cl 3. P.tschimganica B. Fedtse
oF Leaf lobes spreading, 4-5mm long ... 4. P.isphairamica B. Fedtse
5. Low plants (20-35 cm), with almost unbranched stem .......... |
See ee ORO MAS, PTE a nay one te oes 5. P.aris-romanae Boiss. et Hue
a5 Plant highen, branching: stem 24. Mt. .bi. PG.. s . 2 5/5 eee
6. Wing slightly undulant; fruit pyriform... 6. P.bucharica B. Fedtse
+ Wings strongly undulant, appearing corrugated; fruit never
PYLMOLCM «0 tegers! doe vious wellerw «rer by ice nies nee ee eee
fw Valleculae-of fruit ‘smooth wh « Rete ciee te pert) iol 33. B.gerardii All.
Petals orange or yellow; leaflets of involucels with 3 distinct
TQSTAVEIS) 5 Ono One oh Eno Dee hpi: S508 ees 34. B.commutatum Boiss. et Bal.
iPetalisrvonange) O14 yecllow ih bench =: © )-4-)> lime (Pet eben) le =, ue 30:
Petals reddish (brick red) or green; stems erect, usually with more
or less appressed branches ..........+.-.--- 35. B.affine Sadl.
Flowers 3—5 per umbellet; petals sometimes finely tuberculate-
scabrous dorsally; slightly branching plant ... 36. B.boissieri Post.
Flowers 10—15 per umbellet; petals always smooth; plant usually
strongly branching .-....+2-+56.+-s-+-..-. 37. B.brachiatum C. Koch.
All umbels on more or less developed pedicels, with long (axial
umbels) divergent rays; lower leaves lanceolate, short-petioled;
leaflets usually not hooded, yellow...... 38. B.pauciradiatum Fenzl.
201
283
284
+ Axial umbels more or less long-stalked, with 2—3(5) unequal erect
approximate rays, remaining umbels subsessile or sessile, abortive,
with one (very rarely 2) strongly reduced ray, therefore umbellets
more or less sessile; all leaves linear, sessile; petals distinctly
hooded, yellow, with reddish tip ........ 39. B.asperuloides Heldr.
41. All umbels more or less well developed, the lateral umbels some-
times sessile but usually not smaller than the axial .......... 42.
ae Lateral umbels abortive, subsessile or sessile, very small, with
obsolete rays; fruit 2-3mm long, with distinct, acute, more or less
undulant ribs, valleculae more or less rugose-tuberculate ......
SNe TEE OA NE Na ne eter i Reet ona A 40. B.tenuissimum L.
42. Umbel rays visibly unequal, rarely nearly so; leaflets of involucre
usually much shorter than umbel rays, very rarely about as long as
the shortest rays; fruit ca. 2mm long, with thin faint ribs, valleculae
densely and finely rugose-papilliform ("granular") ..........
ETE MEER GNSS POS et vos Tele) fey he; Par tMer Rol Nac Nestea: ey Mc Ma 41. B.marschallianum C.A.M.
+ Umbel rays always sharply unequal (2—3 long, the others very short);
leaflets of involucres several times as long as short rays of umbels;
fruit 1-1.5mm long, with mere indication of ribs, its surface densely
and finely vesicular—papillitorm: () eranullar:» elem sees soe.) e eee
Fach Sincs cic edi Stirs a Ae hel ish co cin acide Mee 42. B.glaucum Rob. et Cast.
Subgenus 1. Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914)
163.— Genus Diatropa Dumort. Florul. Belg. (1827) 76.— Section
Perfoliata Godr. in Gren. et Godr. Fl. France,I (1848) 717; Wolff in
Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 40.— Characteristics in the Key.
Section 1. LAEVIA (Brig.) K.-Pol. 1.c. 163.— Subsection Laevia
Briq. Monogr. Bupl. Alp. marit. (1897) 59.— Fruit smooth or nearly so.
1. B.rotundifolium L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 236, excl. var. B.; Hoffm.
Gens Umbell: 113; J-Jundzill, Opistrosly Litwt "109; D@> Prodwaive f2a;
Ldb. FI. Ross'. II, 263; J: Waga, Fl. Polska,I, 472; Boiss. Fl-rorsil, 836;
Schmal'g., Fl.1, 389; Briq. Monogr. Bupl. Alp. marit. 59; O. and B.
Fedch., Perech. rast. Turk.3,89; Fedch. and Fler., F1.684; Wolff in
Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 41; K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'evsk, Bot. Sada, XIII, 2,
L08sin ir. Bot. Sada, Xxo% 178 and in B. Fedeh., bl. Az Rosse l0y1s 9;
Thellung in Hegi, Ill. Fl. V,2,1106; Voron. in Tr. Bot. Sada AN SSSR,
XLII, 2 (Fl. Yugo-Vost.V) 779; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
kr. 800; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 146; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2004;
Maevsk., Fl. ed. 7,544; Grossg., Opred. rast. Kavk.222.—Ic.: Fedch.
and Fler., ibid.; fig-558; Ke-Pol-, ibid., Hellz tabla, tis. Leer hoyeaera
Hegi,l.c.f. 2411.— Exs.: Fl. cauc. exs. No.318; Fl. exs. austro-hung.
No. 2922; Fl. exs. Reip. Bohem. Slov. No. 444; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 767,
lie
Annual; glaucescent-green, rarely partially reddening plant, with erect,
cylindrical stem, 15—75 cm high, usually branching in upper part; lower
leaves oblong-elliptic, tapering to base, the others (sometimes rather dense
on non-branching part of stem) elliptic, ovate or rounded-ovate, obtuse or
202
285
acute, usually with very short mucro, flat or slightly obcampanulate, rounded
at base, and perfoliate for +/3—'/4, gradually diminishing above, (1)2.5—5(8)cm
long, (0.5)1.5—3(5) em wide. Umbels small, of 3—10(15) small, thick, short,
unequal 0.5—-lcm long rays; involucels of 5 thick, herbaceous, gray-green
(rarely yellowish) ovate or elliptic, markedly unequal leaflets more or less
long-acuminate, 7-10mm long, 5-6mm wide, 5—9-nerved, slightly connate
in lower part, much (the larger leaflets 3—5 times) exceeding umbellets;
flowers 8—12(20) per umbellet, short-pediceled, about as long as flowers;
petals yellow; stylopodium greenish-yellow; fruit elliptic or oblong-ovoid,
dark brown, 2.5—3 mm long, with thin faintly protruding filiform ribs, ir-
regularly finely rugose-tuberculate in valleculae, with 3 longitudinal furrows
the median of which is deeper and more distinct; oil tubes disappearing.
Fl. May—July, Fr. June-August. (Plate XX, Figure 1.)
Fields, fallow land, populated areas, apparently always as a weed. —
European part (?): Balt. (southern part), U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Don, U. Dns.,
Bes., BI., Crim., L. Don, L. V. (Kuma River valley); Caucasus: everywhere
(except for high mountains); W. Siberia: Ob (Kolyvan), Irt. (Slavgorod);
Far East: Uss. (rarely); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Ashkhabad, Chuli,
Sulyukli, Nukhur). Gen. distr.: Scand. (southern part), Centr. and Atl.
Eur., Med. (W. and E.), Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd.,Iran. (western part),
N.Am. (introduced), Australia (introduced). Described from W. Europe.
Type in London.
Note. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914) calls attention to the two varieties,
var. @opacum K.-Pol., with dull green leaves and distinctly acuminate
fruits and var. B nitidum K.-Pol., with shiny yellowish-green leaves
and truncate fruits.
2. B.wittmannii Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX, 3 (1856) 342
("Wittmanni"); K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 183 and in B. Fedch.,
Fl. Az. Ross. 10,1 (1915) 10; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 146 and Opred. rast.
Kavk. (1949) 22. B. rotundifolium Boiss. FI. or. II (1872) 836, p. p.
non L.— B. pseudocroceum Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 44;
K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. Sada, XIII, 2 (1912) 108.— Ic.: Wolff,l.c.
Lobos Wace oOltr bud. OL2 tableib, fio 33,4 1914s talols 2 lO oe fie (3.
JDSQ-8 JES ore Eods\4 INO} Zee
Annual; yellowish, glaucous-green plant; stems 15—60cm high, erect,
rounded, usually branching in upper part; lower leaves oblong to oblong-
elliptic, tapering at base, the remaining leaves oblong-ovate, more or less
gradually acuminate, broadly ovate or rounded, distinctly obcampanulate,
pierced by stem for about one-third their length or nearly to middle,
rather sharply decreasing in size and becoming yellow above, (1)2—4(10) cm
long, (1)2—4(7)cm wide. Umbels small, of 5—12(20) thin, more or less
equal rays, to 2.5cm long, longer than in preceding species; involucels of
5 thin yellow obovate nearly scarious equal leaflets, 4-6(8)mm long, 3—5mm
wide, 5—9-nerved, short-acuminate, slightly exceeding umbellets in flower,
nearly equal to them in fruit; flowers to 15 per umbellet; pedicels several
times as long as flowers; petals yellow; stylopodium greenish-yellow;
fruit linear, dark brown, ca. 3mm long, with thin acute faintly protruding
ribs, valleculae smooth, without furrows; oil tubes disappearing (D\ sai
May-June, Fr. July. (Plate XX, Figure 2.)
203
Dry clayey slopes and plains, sometimes as a weed of fields and fallow
land.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (central part of Kura River basin). Endemic.
Described from Tbilisi district. Type in Helsinki, isotype in Leningrad.
Note 1. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914, 183) mentions longitudinal
furrows in the valleculae of the fruit of B. wittmannii Stev., but like
his description of the general shape of the fruit, this is obviously the result
of a misunderstanding. In the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences of the USSR there is a specimen of this species
collected by Vil'gel'ms in the Caucasus and classified and quoted by Kozo-
Polyanskii as B. pseudocroceum Wolff. There is also a small
envelope with nearly ripe fruit which clearly does not belong to this plant,
whose fruits areunripe, but to B. rotundifolium L. The ripe fruit of
B.wittmannii Stev. in the Herbarium of the Biological Institute comes
from a single specimen collected by A. Kolkovskii near Tbilisi on 20 July
1926 (Pl. or. exs. No.214). The present description of the species is
based on this specimen.
Note 2. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914) describes two forms: f. ob-
tusissimum K.-Pol., with rounded, obtuse, sharply obcampanulate median
286 and upper leaves, and f. acuminatum K.-Pol., with nearly ovate, more
or less acuminate, less campanulate leaves.
Section 2. RUGOSA (Briq.) K.-Pol. 1.c. 163.— Subsection Rugosa
Briq. Monogr. Bupl..Alp. marit. (1897) 62.— Fruit rugose-papilliform
or granular.
3. B.lancifolium Hornem. Hort. Hafn. (1813) 267; Balbis, Cat. Horti
Taurin. (1813) 19,nomen; Thellung in Hegi, III, Fl. V, 2, 1098, p.p. quoad
var. B heterophyllum; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Balc.I (1927) 982 et Rech.
f. Fl. Aegaea (1943) 402,p.p. quoad var. longifolium; Linchevskii
in Bot. mat. Gerb. BIN AN SSSR, XIII (1950) 174.— B. heterophyllum
Link, Hort. Berol.I (1821) 262; DC. Prodr.IV,129; Boiss. Fl. or suppl.
251; Battand. in Battand. et Trabut, Fl. Alger.II, 353; Post, Fl. of Syria
éte; ed.41,340.-"B. protractum Hoftfees: et Links het e rophy lium
Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 8836.— B. subovatum Link var. B hetero-
phyllum Wolff in Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910) 48; Post, Fl. of Syria etc.
ed.2,1,510.— "B. lanceolatum L." (errore) Linchevskii in Rast. res.
Turkm. (1935) 67. = ate.) Slinehevsiaii- abd: LIo0) typus! 9 sb asce (sub
B.heterophyllo): Bornm. It. pers.-turc. No. 363; Letourneux, Pl.
aegypt. No.63; Warion, Pl. Atlant. select. Nos.131, 13la.
Annual; glaucous-green plant; stem to 30cm high, erect simple or
slightly branching, rarely subacaulescent or spreading-branching from
base; lower leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-6cm long, 2-5mm wide,
median leaves much wider, lanceolate or oblong-ovate to lanceolate,
perfoliate, 3-8 cm long, 1—1.5cm wide, upper leaves distinctly shorter,
likewise perfoliate, usually ovate or oblong-ovate, all leaves more or less
gradually acuminate. Umbels small, of 2—3(4) short,ca. 5mm long rays;
involucels of 5 herbaceous, glaucous-green, broadly ovate or irregularly
elliptic, short-attenuate-acuminate leaflets (not yellowing in flower or
fruit! ),ca. 5-8mm long, 4—6mm wide, 5—7-nerved, more or less connate,
204
287
much exceeding umbellets (1.5—2 times); flowers 8-12 per umbellet, very
short pediceled; petals pale yellow; stylopodium greenish-yellow; fruiting
umbellets subcapitate-crowded, fruits irregularly cylindrical-ovoid, dark
brown, ca. 3mm long, 2—2.5mm wide, with thin filiform faintly protruding
ribs, densely and finely rugose-papilliform in valleculae; oil tubes dis-
appearing (?). Fl. May, Fr. May—June (2). (Plate XX, Figure 3.)
Foothills, clayey soils, ephemeral and ephemeral-wormwood formations
(Artemisia herba-alba Assoc.). Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (W.
Kopet Dagh, vicinity of Kara-Kal, M.G. Popov). Gen. distr.: W. Med.
(Algeria) and E. Med. (Cyrenaica, Egypt, Palestine, Iraq), Bal.-As. Min.
(Cyprus, Crete), Iran (western part). Described from cultivated specimens
grown in the Copenhagen Botanical Garden from seeds collected in Egypt
and obtained from Paris in 1803. Type in Copenhagen.
Note. The synonymy shows the very confused nomenclature of this
species. For further details on this, see Linchevskii (Ibid., 1950).
Subgenus 2. Bupleurotypus K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914)
164.— Section: Longifolia Wolff (Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910) 49); Reti-
culata Godr. (Wolff,l.c. 55),Eubupleura Briq. (Wolff,l.c. 59,p.p.
quoad subsect. Nervosa Godr.,Marginata Godr.,Rigida Drude),
Coriacea Godr. (Wolff,l.c. 165).— Characteristics in Key.
section 1. EUBUPLEUROTYPUS K.-Pol., ibid., 164.— Fruit ribs low,
obtuse to acute, more or less winged; herbs or semishrubs, not evergreens.
Subsection 1. ARCHAEFOPLEURUM Lincz.— Leaflets of involucels
rather small and narrow, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; cauline leaves
large, more or less amplexicaul, always with more or less expressed
auricles.
4. B.longiradiatum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII, 4 (1844) 719
(Fl. baic.-dah. No.505) ("longeradiatum"); Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 264;
F. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 6 sér.I1X, 125 (in Maxim. Prim.
fe vera Nora) ancl, var sibacelvalcaydi a tua. el. yan ems Acad. ssc.
Pétersb. 7 sér.IV, 4, 69 (Fl. ussur. No. 211); Korzh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XII,
343; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III, 1,137, p.p.excl. "8 breviradiatum
Regel"'; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr.800.— B.longi-
radiatum var. @ genuinum Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910)
55; K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 241 and in B. Fed., Fl. Az.
Ross. 10,1 (1915) 34.- B. sachalinense Sugawara, Ill. Fl. Saghalien
(1940) 1381, p.p. min (? sec. icon.).— Ic.: Wolff,l.c. tab. 6,f.A—C;
Ke Pol ibid Ilosio, las supawara, lcs tab.6a6)nies Aoi 4 (sub
B.sachalinensi).— Exs.: Karo, Pl. amur. No. 382.
Perennial; stems 50—150cm high, single or 2—3, erect, usually slightly
flexuose above and repeatedly branching; leaves more or less bright
green above, duller, glaucous beneath; radical leaves broadly ovate to
broadly lanceolate, obtuse to more or less long-acuminate, abruptly or
205
288
289
more or less gradually tapering to long narrow petioles They to two times
as long as blade, with petioles 25—35 cm long to 10cm (often less) wide,
with 7—9(15) sharp, arcuate nerves linked by numerous weak transverse
nerves; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical but usually more acute;
median cauline leaves sessile, with expanded base, the auricles deeply
embracing the stem, tapering at first then expanding again (oblyrate), 6-15 cm
long, 2.5—5cm wide; upper leaves much smaller, with cordate, deeply
amplexicaul base, ovate or broadly lanceolate, acuminate, with many parallel
nerves; uppermost leaves even smaller, (0.5)1—2 cm long, (0.3)1-1.5cm
wide, often more or less netted-veined. Umbels numerous, rather large
(the lateral much smaller than the axial), on rather long (to 20cm) thin
stalks, often producing the semblance of a loosely spreading paniculate
inflorescence; axial umbels of 8—12(15) unequal, sometimes rather sharply
unequal, thin, suberect or slightly arcuately curved, 3-6cm long rays; in-
volucre of 1—5 small, unequal linear or lanceolate, 1-5mm long leaflets,
appressed to rays or more or less reflexed; involucels of (3)5—6(7)
lanceolate or elliptic lanceolate, acute leaflets with 3 nerves, 1—2.5(3)mm
long,ca. 1mm wide; flowers 10—15 per umbellet, on long pedicels (2)4—
5mm long in flower, elongating to 10(15)mm in fruit or nearly not stretch-
ing (var. breviradiatum F.Schmidt,s.s.); petals pale yellow or
pinkish in buds and flower; stylopodium yellow; fruit oblong-elliptic, dark
brown, more or less shiny, 3.5mm long, with paler filiform obtuse ribs;
oil tubes 3 in valleculae, 4 toward commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr.
August—September. (Plate XXI, Figure 4.)
Forests, shrubby thickets, rarely in not excessively dry exposed slopes. —
E.Siberia: Dau. (only eastern part of the Shilka and Argun river valleys);
Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Mong. (NE, in the Dauria
part), Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, North and Central China, in the south to
the province of Hupeh, Japan). Described from NE Dauria (Shilka River).
Type in Leningrad.
Note 1. The Sakhalin and Japanese specimens of this species are not
quite typical; they are somewhat related to var. breviradiatum
F.Schmidt,s.s. It is this form that has been described by Sugawara
(l.c. tab. 636).
Note 2. The interpretation of this species has been confused for a
long time. The diagnosis and the type of B. longiradiatum var.
breviradiatum show that in describing his species from near the
mouth of the Amur, F. Schmidt (1. c.) had in mind the rather common,
currently known form with relatively short umbellet rays. He did not
identify this variety with B. sachalinense described 9 years later
and distinguished by him mainly by the large, ovate leaflets of the involucels,
the umbels nearly equal to the leaflets (or even exceeding them) when in
flower, but by other characters thanin B.longiradiatum var. brevi-
radiatum F.Schmidt. Nevertheless, Wolf (1. c., 1914) united in his
"B.longiradiatum var. 8 breviradiatum F. Schmidt" both
B.sachalinense F.Schmidt and his original var. breviradiatum
S.s.,a view followed by Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914, 1915) and by nearly
all the Japanese authors. The name ''B.longiradiatum yar. brevi-
radiatum F.Schmidt'' came to be used for the broad-leaved, Far Eastern
forms from the B.falcatum L. cycle. Apparently this mistake
206
is due to Maksimovich (in herb., specimens from Pos'et Bay, 1860),
followed by Komarovy (ibid., 1905, 139), who (judging by the herbarium
material) included specimens from Manchuria, which were more or less
similar, in Maximovich's ''B.longiradiatum 8 breviradiatum
Regel.'' Komarov and Alisova (ibid., 1932, 800) subsequently called
this "B. breviradiatum Rgl.", including the broader-leaved specimens,
whereas the narrower-leaved specimens were referred to 'B.falcatum
L.'"' (See also Note to B. scorzonerifolium Willd. and B. komaro-
Vv ranwimy line,
Note 38. The collections from the Far East, Manchuria and Central
China (Shensi) include some very curious intermediate (hybrid?) forms
between B.longiradiatum Turcz. and B.falcatum s.1l. One of
these, with 'falcate'' leaves (thus the diagnosis) and distinctly 'longiradiating'
umbels, was described by Wolff (l.c. 147) as B.dielsianum Wolff. It
is difficult now to decide whether these forms are the result of recent
hybridization or evidence of formative processes of the distant past
(Tertiary?). But surely it is quite likely that B. longiradiatum Turcz.
and B. sachalinense F. Schmidt (and probably B. aureum Fisch.
as well) arerelated to the ancient complex of species from which to a
certain extent the other modern groups of Bupleurum L. are derived.
1
5. B.sachalinense F.Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 7 sér. XII,
2 (1868) 135 (Reise Amurl.— Fl. sachal. No.181); Trautf. in Tr. Bot.
Sada, VIII, 3,383 (Increm. fl. ross. No. 2264); Sugawara,Ill. Fl. Saghalien,
1381; p.p:-— B-longiradiatum var.8 breviradiatum Wolff in
Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910) 55, p.p. non F.Schmidt; K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada,
LOO Aland ings. Kedch., Ble Az. Ross. [0s iy34-— B leveilWer
Boissieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. LVII (1910) 413.- B. multinerve auct.
nonn. fl. Jap. non DC.
290 Perennial; often confused with and very close to preceding species.
Basic differences: stems slightly more densely leaved; leaves slightly
thicker, the cauline leaves often more or less folded longitudinally and
falcately curved, with slightly undulate (?) margin, not as bright green
above; umbels on shorter pedicels usually less numerous; leaflets of
involucre slightly longer (to 1 cm) and wider (ovate to subrounded), more
or less obtuse; leaflets of involucels longer (to 4mm) and wider (to
2—2.5mm), ovate or elliptic, rarely rather broadly lanceolate, slightly
acuminate with 3—5 nerves, as long as flowering umbellets or slightly
exceeding them; pedicels shorter, not elongating in fruit; fruit more or
less cylindrical-elliptic,ca. 3mm long, with slightly more acute, slightly
winged ribs. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
Shrubby thickets, herbaceous mountain slopes (Sakhalin).— Far East:
Uss. (Vladivostok area: Russki Island, Povorotny Cape, Suchan River
valley), Sakh. (mainly western coast?). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Japanese
Islands, Korea). Described from Sakhalin (near Due). Type in Leningrad.
Note. Apparently a predominantly island-bound species of Japan [sic];
not many localities on Sakhalin are known. Part of the reports refer to the
preceding species B.longiradiatum Turcz., represented here, insofar
as can be judged by the meager material, by not quite typical forms (with
slightly larger leaflets of involucels and pedicels somewhat elongating in
207
(291)
PLATE XX. 1— Bupleurum rotundifolium L.; 2—B.wittmannii Stev.; 3—B.lancifolium
Homem.; 4—B.multinerve DC.; 5—B.triradiatum Adams.; 6—B.densiflorum Rupr.
208
fruit, close to the original var. breviradiatum F.Schmidt). One of
these was drawn by Sugawara (l.c.) as B. sachalinense F.Schmidt.
On the mainland there is very little information on this species, although
it is very probable that it occurs along the shores of the Sea of Japan
north of Vladivostok, to the Tatar Straits as well as southwards to Korea.
6. B.rischavii Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II (1394) 450 ("Rischawi'");
Grossg., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 224.- B.rischawianum Alb. in
Tr. Tifl. bot. sada, I (1895) 102 (descr. emend.); Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV,
220,447; K.-Pol. in Dir. Bot., Sada, XXX, 239; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 150. —
We.8 \WWoiltar, ye. tees. 1,
Perennial; stems usually numerous, to 50(75)cm high, thinly sulcate,
more or less erect, sometimes rather thick, ca. 5mm at base, gradually
293 tapering above, usually thin, repeatedly spreading-branching from base,
radical leaves rather numerous (?), elliptic, oblanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, with distinctly cartilaginous margins and 7—9 rather distinct
arcuate nerves, gradually or more or less abruptly tapering to more or
less long, rather wide flat petioles, up to twice as long as blade, rarely
shorter; leaves with petioles 8-10cm long, 1-1.5cm wide; lower cauline
leaves similar to radical with expanded semi-amplexicaul (distinctly
auricled) base, but petioles shorter, or (often?) sessile, more or less broadly
lanceolate to oblong-obovate (nearly spatulate), more or less long-acuminate
or rounded and obtuse, ca. 5cm long, 1-1.5cm wide; median and upper
cauline leaves similar to the lower but much wider, ovate to rounded-ovate,
more or less short thin mucro, 1—3cm long, (0.7)1—1.5cm wide, gradually
tapering above, sometimes nearly opposite and with opposite branches.
Umbels numerous, rather large, the lateral markedly smaller than the axial,
together resembling a loose, paniculate-corymbiform inflorescence, axial
umbels of 10—15(18) unequal, thin, usually arcuately curved 1.5—4.5cm long
rays; involucre of (1)2—5(8) very unequal, rather wide, more or less
rounded-ovate, acuminate leaflets, appressed to rays or recurved, to 9—
10mm long, very similar to upper leaves; involucels of (4)5—6 ovate,
broadly ovate, sometimes obovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, short- and thin-
mucronate green leaflets with 5—7(9?) nerves, 2.5-4mm long, 1.5—2.5mm
wide, about as long as umbellets in flower or slightly longer; flowers
10—15 per umbellet, on ca. 1.5mm long pedicels; petals pale yellow;
stylopodium brown (?); fruit oblong-ovoid, brown, ca. 3mm long, with 4
longitudinal furrows in valleculae and low, barely winged ribs; oil ducts 3
in valleculae, 4-6 at commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
Calcareous rocks, upper part of forest and lower part of subalpine belts,
ca. 1,500—2,000 (2,300) m; according to Wolff, K.-Polyanskii and Gross-
geimer (ibid.) — "on alpine meadows.''"—-Caucasus: W.Transc. (N. Abkhazia,
rarely). Endemic. Described from Bzyb Range (Khetchi-gvara- ''Hetschi-
gwara''). Type in Geneva (Herb. Boiss.), isotype in Leningrad.
Note. A unique and rare (in the broad sense) Colchis species, certainly
a relict. Like the related B. abchasicum Manden., another Colchis
294 species, described below, it seems to be most closely related to the Far
Eastern B.longiradiatum Turcz.
7. B.abchasicum Manden. in Bot. zhurn. SSR, XXII, 5 (1937) 454; Grossg.,
Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 224.— Ic.: Manden., ibid., fig. 2, paratypus (1).
209
Perennial; stem single, to 100cm high, thinly sulcate, more or less erect,
rather thick (ca. 6mm) at base, gradually tapering above, repeatedly
spreading-branched from base, or in upper part only, into long thin branches;
radical leaves numerous, in dense rosette with petioles to 15cm long, 3cm
wide, broadly obovate, more or less rounded, barely notched, nearly spatulate,
margins markedly cartilaginous, with 7—9(12) rather sharp arcuate nerves,
gradually tapering to rather long (3—5 mm) wide flat petioles, slightly longer than
blade, somewhat expanded at base; lower cauline leaves sessile, with slightly
expanded semi-amplexicaul base and small rounded auricles, more or less
long-tapering, expanding to become nearly oblong-oblyrate, rounded-obtuse,
to 10(20)cm long, 2.5cm wide; median cauline leaves similar to the lower
but shorter, more or less acuminate, to 5—6(14?) cm long, 2.5cm wide;
upper and uppermost leaves and leaves on branches lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, more or less long-acuminate, gradually decreasing in size on
branches to 5mm long, sometimes nearly opposite, with opposite branches.
Umbels rather small, the lateral distinctly smaller than the axial, numerous,
together producing a loose, spreading inflorescence; axial umbels of 7—
9(15) 1-2cm long, unequal, sometimes very unequal, thin, erect or some-
what arcuately curved rays; involucre of 5 small, unequal, ovate or
lanceolate, acute leaflets appressed to rays, 2—5mm long; involucels of
5 ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate leaflets, shortly and thinly acuminate,
3-(5-) nerved, ca. 1.5mm long,ca. (less) 1mm wide appressed to rays,
nearly half the lengthof the umbellets in flower; flowers 10-15 per
umbellet, pedicels ca. 1.5-2mm; petals pale yellow; stylopodium yellow;
fruit (oblong-ovoid, brown?),ca. 4mm long, with barely protruding ribs
without wings; oil tubes 3 in valleculae, 4 at commissure. Fl. July.
Fr. August.
Calcareous rocks in lower broadleaved forest-mountain belt. — Caucasus:
W.Transc. (Abkhazia, Gagra). Gen. distr.: Iran (northwestern part —
Gilan). Described from the Gegi River basin. Type in Tbilisi, paratype
in Leningrad.
28 Note. Close to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by
the different shape of the larger radical and (in part) cauline leaves, the
distinctly smaller narrower leaflets of the involucre and involucels (the
latter usually 3-,not 5—7-nerved), and the barely protruding, wingless ribs
of the fruits. The latter character is not reliable as no ripe fruits of
B.rischavii Alb. are known. The Gilan specimens (Alekseenko (1902)
Nos. 272 and 313) differ slightly from the Colchis ones for example, in
having the median and upper cauline leaves much narrower, nearly linear-
lanceolate, which may warrant a new species.
Subsection 2. CHRYSOPHYTON Lincz.— Leaflets of involucels large,
"petaloid,'' rounded to ovate, usually yellow, rarely green; cauline leaves
rather large, nearly always expanded at base, amplexicaul, auricled, rarely
perfoliate.
8. B.aureum Fisch. in Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 115; DC.
Prodr. IV b29-) db: Mi. altel, 348: ide. Hla Rossmlle2Gsa. orccz aaa
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII, 4, 718 (Fl. baic.-dah. No. 504); Shmal'g., Fl.
210
296
I, 389; Korsh. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. sér.8, VII, 1,171 (Tent. FI.
Rosse); (Kryl), Hl Alte ll, 503; "Ohtand By Fedeh., Perech. cast. Durk: 3, 89;
Voron in Tr. Bot. Sada, XLIII, 2,781 (FI. Yugo-Vost. V); Keele ala Za.
Sib. VIII, 2011; Maevskii, Fl. izd.8,544.— B.longifolium var. B
aureum Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910) 52.— B. longifolium
@Civarle viride) var. Paurewm et vary y violaceum ' K=Pol vin Ir.
Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 245 and in B. Fedch., Fl. Az. Ross.10,1 (1915) 36.—
Euphorbia perfoliata Scheutz in Kongl. Svensk. Acad. Handl. XXII,
10 (1888); after Litv. in Tr. Bot. muz. AN, V (1909) 345 (Bibl. fl. Sib.
No. 1053).— Ic.: Voron., ibid., fig.514; Maevskii, ibid., fig. 222.— Exs.:
G.R.F. Nos. 2519a, 2519b, 2608.
Perennial; stems 25—-150cm high, single (sometimes 2-3), erect, simple
or weakly branching in upper part; radical and in part also lower cauline
leaves oblong-obovate or more or less broadly elliptic, obtuse, rapidly or
more or less gradually tapering to rather narrow long petioles, with petiole
to 20cm long, 3-6cm wide; median cauline leaves sessile, from nearly
oblyrate to oblong-ovate or ovate, obtusely acuminate, with large auricles
or cordate, subamplexicaul or perfoliate, 5-15cm long, 2—7cm wide; upper
cauline leaves small, relatively wider, broadly ovate or subrounded, often
perfoliate; uppermost cauline leaves usually yellowish. Umbels generally
few, large, the lateral distinctly smaller than the axial, axial umbels of 5—
10(20) more or less equal or unequal, straight or arcuately curved, rather
thin rays 5—7cm long; involucre of 3—5 large, 1—3.5cm long leaflets,
usually broadly and unequally ovate (to subrounded), unequal, similar to upper
leaves, usually yellow in flower, and after; involucels of 5(8) more or less
equal, ovate, obovate, elliptic or subrounded, short-acuminate or obtuse,
bright yellow, rarely more or less violet (or green), thin, scarious, 5—7-
nerved (or more) leaflets, 0.5—1(2)cm long, usually much (sometimes to 5
times — f. macranthum Kryl.) longer than umbellets, rarely nearly as
long; flowers 15—20 in umbellet, pedicels 2-5mm; petals and stylopodium
yellow; fruit oblong-elliptic, dark brown, to 4(6)mm long, with 4 longitudinal
furrows in valleculae and paler, very prominent, usually winged ribs; oil
tubes 3 in valleculae, 4-6 at commissure. Fl. June—July, Fr. July—August.
Sparse coniferous, mixed and broadleaved forests, forest edges, forest
meadows, ravines and banks of streams, shrubby thickets, mountains to
subalpine, rarely alpine, meadows.— European part: Dv.-Pech. (southern
part), U. V., V.-Kama, V.-Don, Transv., U. Dns. ? (see Note 2), L. Don (north-
eastern part), Urals; W. Siberia: Ob (mostly in the Urals and Altai areas),
U. Tob. (mostly in the Urals area), Irt. (mostly in the Urals area,
Karkaralinsk Mountains in the south), Alt.; E.Siberia: An.-Say., Dau.
(south of the Baikal area); Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb., T. Sh. (northeastern
part — Kirghiz and Zailiiski Ala-Tau ranges). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur.
(?), Dzu.-Kash. (E.T.Sh.), Mong. (northwestern part). Described from
specimens grown from seeds of unknown (Siberian?) origin. Type in
Moscow (in Hoffmann Herbarium, preserved (2) at M. V. Lomonosov Moscow
State University).
Note 1. Wolf (l.c. 1910) and Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914, 1915) re-
garded B. aureum Fisch. as a variety of B. longifolium L. described
from Central Europe (var. B aureum) and distributed together with the
type variety, var. a viride, with small, colorless [sic] green leaflets of
Zit
297
298
involucels not longer than flowering umbellets for the entire stretch of its
entire distribution area, from Transbaikalia and Tien Shan to Central
Europe. As we could not study Linnaeus' type of B. longifolium, we
cannot, with certainty, identify it with the Russian form with its small green
leaflets of the involucels. Therefore, we follow most Russian botanists in
retaining B.aureum Fisch. for our species. An article by Woloszczak
appeared (Was ist Bupleurum longifolium L. et autor.? Osterr.
Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI (1916) 116—118), published :after Wolf and Kozo-
Polyanskii's paper, states that the West European authors combined two
species in '"B.longifolium." One of these is recognized as a new
species, B. gaudini Woloszcz. This complicates the issue even further
and indicates the need for a critical reevaluation.
Note 2. M.G. Popov (Rastitel'nost' i flora Karpat (1949) 217) reports
B.longifolium L. from Transcarpathia, from where we have never
seen any collections. ‘Could this be the/original B.longifolium ees or
Baier eum Bisch.?
9. B.multinerve DC. in Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Genéve, IV (1828)
500 et Prodr.IV (1830) 130,p.p. excl. var.; Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. XVII, 4, 720 (Fl. baic.-dah. No.507); Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 264; Korsh.
Tent. fl: Ross: or.172; Kryl., Fle Alt.IL 9055) Kom.) Fly. Man"ehzheiiiea
141; Fedch. and Fler., Fl.684; Wolff in Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910) MSs 63 [on
excl syne Wiest. Woron.. in wits (ob soada, cL LuEr2 (1931) 780 (FL. Yugo-
Vost. V); Kom. and Alis.,Opred. rast. Dal'nevost,kr. 800; Kryl., Fl. Zap.
Sib. VIII, 2004.— B. ranunculoides Pall. It. II (1773) 316,352; db. FI.
alt.1, 347, p.p. excl. var. 8B. - B.nervosum Trevir. Symb. phyt.I (1831)
22.— B.ranunculoides 8B. sibiricum C.A.M. ex Meinsh. in Linnaea,
XXX (1859—1860) 914,nomen.— B. ranunculoides var. B multinerve
K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 188 and in B. Fedch., Fl. Az. Ross.
10,1 (1915) 14.- ? B. ranunculoides var. a genuinum K.-Pol., ibid.
(1914) 188 (1915) 13,p.p.— ? B. longicaule var. himalayense Wolff
in Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1910), 123, p.p. quoad pl. alt.; K.-Pol.,ibid. (1914)
203.—Ic.: K.-Pol., ibid. (1915) fig. 4 (sub B. ranunculoides).— Exs.:
G.R.F. No.1218 and (?) No. 2520 (sub B. ranunculoideo var. gen-
uino); P.Smirn. Pl. alt. exs. No. 57.
Perennial; stems to 50—100 cm high,few (2—3 or more), rarely single,
erect, more or less flexuose, simple or more or less branching in upper
part; radical and lower cauline leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
3—15(25)cm long with petioles, 0.5—1.5(3)cm wide, gradually tapering to
1—6 cm long petioles, usually short-acuminate, 5—7-(12-) nerved; median
and upper cauline leaves 1/, to 1/4, the length of the lower leaves, lanceolate,
long-acuminate, sessile, in lower part ovate-expanding to 1—-2cm, with
cordate amplexicaul base. Umbels rather large, of 5—15(20) more or less
equal or slightly unequal, usually arcuately curved rays 3—6(9) cm long
rays; involucre of 2—4(7) unequal, oblong-ovate, acuminate, rarely sub-
lanceolate leaflets, to half the length of the rays, rarely as long; involucels
of 5 obovate, abruptly shortly and thinly acuminate, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
acute, 5—15-nerved, yellowish, rarely reddish-violet leaflets, 0.5-1.5(3) cm
long, 0.3—0.6(1.7) em wide, usually exceeding umbellets and concealing them,
very rarely equal or slightly shorter; flowers 20—30(50) in umbellet,
212
299
pedicels thin, as long as ovary or slightly longer; petals and stylopodium
yellow; fruit ellipsoid, dark brown, 3-4mm long, with 2 longitudinal furrows
in valleculae and acute, more or less winged pale ribs; oil tubes 1 in
valleculae, 2 at commissure. Fl. June—July, Fr. July—August.
Dry (steppe) meadows, fine earth and stony steppe slopes, forest edges;
rarely (Urals, Altai, Sayans) to lower part of alpine belt (alpine meadows,
stony mountain tundra).— European part: U. Dns. (Carpathians? see Note 2),
V.-Don (Voronezh Region, rarely), Urals (Central and Southern parts, at
about 53—63N); W. Siberia: Irt. (eastern part of Altai area), Ob (extreme
southeastern corner, south of 55—56 N); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (south of
55—56 N), Dau(western part); Far East: Ze.-Bu. ("stony slopes along
upper Amur'' — Kom. and Alis., ibid.); Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb (Saur
Range). Gen. distr.: Mong. (mountain-forest part). Described after
specimens grown from seeds collected in Altai ("'Sibirica Altaica''), and
sent to De Candolle by Fischer,in 1826. Type in Geneva.
Note 1. According to Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914), B. multinerve
DC. is but a variety (var. B multinerve K.-Pol.) of the aggregate
species B. ranunculoides L. em. K.-Pol., which also includes the
type variety var. a genuinum Godr. —Boranunculoides. lias-s.),
being distributed throughout the entire range of this aggregate species,
from W. Europe to Transbaikalia. For the time being, we accept B. multi-
nerve DC., widely adopted in the Russian literature since Turchanin and
Ledebour, over B. ranunculoides L.,as proposed by Kozo-Polyanskii.
Nor shall we alter the status of these two species for the USSR, until a
proper study of the type specimens and a monographic treatment of the
entire group, on the basis of extensive good material, specially collected,
are carried out. In the present treatment, B. multinerve remains
heterogeneous, comprising a series of small forms, the importance of which
can be appreciated only after special observations in nature. Two forms,
relatively better defined than the others, are described below: B.longi-
LMewOmurciaa tuymy Keyl ands). oul czens e.O. sand B. Medtsich-
Note.2. Recent investigations indicate that the present species contains
rather high amounts of alkaloids (see notes on the economic importance of
the genus, page 196).
10. B.longiinvolucratum Kryl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXI (1903) 17; Fl. Alt.
II (1903) 506 and Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2006 ("longeinvolucratum");
Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228,121.— B. ranunculoides var. longe-
involucratum K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 191 and in B. Fedch.,
HI Az. Ross. 10,1 (1915) 14.
Perennial; stems few, 25—35cm high, erect, simple; radical and lower
cauline leaves broadly linear, gradually tapering to petioles, 5—7-nerved,
very long — only slightly shorter than stem — to 20—25cm, 3.5-6mm wide;
median and upper cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, amplexicaul with only slightly expanded base, not cordate.
Umbels per stem, rather large, 5—7 rather long,to 5cm rays; involucre
of 2 unequal, lanceolate, long-acuminate leaflets, the longer (4.5-6 cm) as long
as umbel, the others nearly half as long; involucels of 5—6 long-elliptic,
nearly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, yellowish-green leaflets 1.2-1.5cm
long, 5—-7mm wide, nearly twiceas long as flowering umbellets; flowers
213
300
10-15 per umbellet, on rather short,ca. 3mm, slightly unequal pedicels;
petals pale yellow; stylopodium dark yellow (or violet-black?);
fruit unknown in ripe state; when unripe fruit with prominent ribs; oil
tubes 1 per vallecula, 2 at commissure. Fl. July, Fr. August (ne
Open stony slopes, alpine and upper part of forest belts. — W. Siberia:
Alt. (Sinyukha Mountain and Tigiretskii belok (Mountains)). Endemic.
Described from Tigeretskii belok. Type in Tomsk, isotype in Leningrad.
Note. A small, well-differentiated species. Krylov's original diagnosis
(ibid.) describes the flowers of the Russian species as yellow ("Flores
lutei. . ."), so does Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid.), for the stylopodium ("'Stylopodia
flava..."). Yetin "Fl. Zap. Sib.'' VIII, the stylopodium ("of epigynous
disks") is reported as violet-black. The true color of the stylopodium is
difficult to recognize in the herbarium specimens ("'Tigiretskii belok.
(mountains). Exposed stony balds below larch forests, 31 July 1891.
P.Krylov"). In some cases it is dark yellow, nearly brown, in others
blackish, without a violet tinge, possibly owing to prolonged preservation
(about 60 years).
11. B. guiczense O. et B. Fedtsch. in Tr. Bot. Sada , XXVIII, 1 (1908) 18;
O. et B. Fedtsch. Perech. rast. Turk. 3, 89; Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228, 124;
K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 196 and in B. Fedch., Fl. Az. Ross.
10,1 (1915) 18.— Ic.: O. and B. Fedch., ibid. (1908) fig. 1 (1909) fig. 4;
K.-Pol., ibid. (1915) fig. 7.
Perennial; stems to 50—100cm high, usually few (2—4), erect or more
or less ascending, cylindrical, nearly smooth, more or less broadly fistular,
simple or (often) with rather sparse short branches above middle; radical
leaves oblong-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, tapering to petioles, usually
obtuse, 5—9-nerved, to 12cm long, 6&-15mm wide; lower cauline leaves
similar to the radical, but petioles shorter; median cauline leaves
auricled; other leaves usually ovate or oblong-lanceolate, usually rounded,
shorter and wider than the lower leaves. rarely more or less cordate at
base, often distinctly expanding, in upper part long-acuminate, sometimes
subcaudate, with numerous nerves. Umbels rather large (the axial mostly
distinctly larger than the lateral), of 5-15 thin, nearly equal, more or less
curved, rather long, to 3.5-7cm rays; involucre of 3.5—7 cm rays; in-
volucre of 3—5 more or less unequal, recurved, oblong-ovate or ovate,
acute, yellowish-green leaflets (0.5)1—1.5cm long, 0.5—1cm wide; involucels
of 4(6) broadly ovate, shortly and thinly acuminate 5—9-(15-) nerved,
greenish-yellow leaflets much exceeding flowering umbellets, 6-10mm
long, 3-5 mm wide, becoming more or less scarious when dry; flowers
15—25 per umbellet, on rather short, 2-3mm long, pedicels; petals and
stylopodium yellow; fruit ovoid, violet-brown, ca. 3mm long, with very
prominent pale, more or less winged ribs; oil tubes 3 in valleculae, 4 at
commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August-September (?).
Mountain fine earth herbaceous slopes, sometimes rocks, in woody-
shrubby belt, 1,500—3,000m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Alai Range in
Gulcha area, Zeravshan Range, Vatan stream valley near Urmetan, lime-
stones, K. Z. Zakirov), T. Sh. (Fergana Range, western slopes). Gen.
distr.:? Dzu.-Kash. Described from Gulcha vicinity. Type and paratype
in Leningrad.
214
Note. So far, this is the only reliably known representative of the
B.ranunculoides L. cycle of Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai collected
within the USSR. It is certainly closely related to B.multinerve DC.
on the one hand and to the Himalayan B.longicaule Wall on the other.
The latter was reported for Altai by Wolf, on the basis of Dumberg's col-
lections (which we have never seen) as well as by Kozo-Polyanskii. Yet
this locality is doubtful and has not been confirmed by the newest collections.
It is more likely that B. longicaule Wall will be found in SW Pamir-Alai
(in the Gissar-Darvaza floral region, N. F.Goncharov). A curious form
has been collected in the valley of the Sangardak River, between the villages
of Sangardak and Dagana ("'Dagana, 6 August 1878,'' Nevesskii). This is
extraordinarily close to the type B.longicaule Wall. The incomplete-
ness of the specimen (a single herbarium leaf,no ripe fruits) does not
warrant its determination.
12. B.triradiatum Adams ex Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 115 et
in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (IX) (1834) 235; DC. Prodr.IV, 130;
Ledbae lL wROSSmllEN264 5.92 p- excl wspecim. Karyvet) iin.) urez) bl.
baiek—dahele47 8: Kryl.. la) Alt Il 504. kK Pol. ingLray Bot. Sada; ooxx,
198 and in B.Fedech., Fl/ Az..Ross.10,1 14; p-p. excl. var. 6 arcticum;
Kom., Fl. Kamch.II, 337; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. 800;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2006.— B.triradiatum var. alpinum Rupr.
in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. IV (1845) 26.- ? B. altaicum Pall. ex
Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 368.— B. ranunculoides B oblongi-
folium Lob. Fl. alt.I (1829) 348.- B. ranunculoides var. @atri-
radiatum et var. B oblongum Rgl. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI
(XVII) (1859) 96,97.- B. ranunculoides var. Btriradiatum Wolff
in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 117.— Diaphyllum triradiatum Adams
ex Hoffm. l.c.115.— Ic.: Adams,1.c. (1834) tab. XIV; K.-Pol., ibid. (1915)
fig. 5.
Perennial; stem 10—25(35)cm high, single or few (2-3), erect, simple or
with 1—2 short branches; radical leaves linear or lanceolate, more or less
tapering to petioles, obtuse or acuminate, 5—7-nerved, 3-10 cm long, 0.5—1
(1.5)cm wide; cauline leaves 2—4, sessile, ovate or oblong-ovate, more or
less amplexicaul or cordate, gradually rounded, tapering or obtuse-
acuminate, 5—15-nerved, distinctly shorter than radical leaves, but usually
3—4 times as wide. Umbels of 2—4 (often 3) more or less thick, unequal,
erect, 1-2.5cm long rays; involucre of 1—3(4) unequal, ovate or rounded-
ovate, obtuse leaflets similar to the cauline, much shorter than umbel rays;
involucels of 5—8 broadly obovate or rounded, obtuse, sometimes short-
acuminate, scarious, yellow or greenish-yellow leaflets, sometimes with
reddish or bluish-violet tinge, 5- to many-nerved, ca. 0.5—1cm long,
0.5—1 cm wide, slightly longer than umbellets; flowers 15-25 per umbellet,
pedicels ca. 2mm long,or almost sessile; petals reddish-brown (or violet)
outside, with yellow tips; stylopodium yellow- or black-brown; fruit ovoid
or oblong-ellipsoid, dark brown, cylindrical, ca. 3-4mm long, with pale
acute, more or less winged ribs; oil tubes 3 in valleculae, 4-6 or many (to
16—20) at commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
Forest edges in alpine and subalpine belts, meadows, stony slopes and
rocks, stony tundra (bare mountains).— Arctic: Chuk., An.; W. Siberia:
DNS
303
Alt.,Ob?; E.Siberia: Yenis, Lena-Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Far East: Kamcehg
Okh., Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. (and Kurile Islands?). Gen. distr.: Mong.
(high mountains of the northern, forested part), Jap.-Ch. (N. Manchuria,
N.Japan?). Described from the southern Baikal area, vicinity of Kultuk
village; drawn by Adams (l.c. tab. 14) after a specimen collected by him
on the Lena River; he collected 100 (!) specimens (1.c. 1834). Type in
Moscow (Moscow University Herbarium)?, paratype in Leningrad.
Note. A critical species with a very broad distribution area. Inadequat
material makes it impossible for the time being to separate some of the
earlier established forms. The typical form of the species (B.tri-
radiatum Adams s.s.=B.triradiatum var. @aadamsii K.-Pol.
1.c.) grows mainly in S. Siberia, from Altai to Transbaikalia, and reaching
through a series of localities (Okhotsk coast, Kamchatka, and others) to
the Far East. A more widely dispersed form from the Far East from
S. Maritime Territory to Sakhalin and to Chukchi extends to Alaska. It is
somewhat remarkable for its numerous umbel rays (to 10-15), narrower,
obovate or sublanceolate and acute leaflets of involucel, sometimes faintly
colored, to pale green leaflets, often with rather long radical leaves, some-
times longer than or as long as stem, often multicaulescent and more or
less tufty. This form was first described by Regel' (1l.c. 97) after speci-
mens collected by Eschscholtz in Alaska, near Kotzebue Sound as
B.ranunculoides var. 6arcticum Rgl. (the same specimens as
were cited by Ledebour (l.c. 265) for his ''B. ranunculoides'").
Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 1914, 1915) slightly extended Regel's var. 6 arcti-
cum and gave it a more precise circumscription, at the same time reducing
to synonymy (ibid. (1914) 200) the binary combination (B. arcticum
K.-Pol.). Yet if this variety is promoted to a species, it should not be
attributed to Kozo- Polyanskii, who provided but a nomen provisorium, but
to the author who formally publishes the binary name (see: International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Izd. AN SSSR (1949) p.37). With only 1
specimen available from America, the relation of this form or species to
B.purpureum Blankinship (in Montana Asric.\ Colleise. “Studet (1904)
89), described from N. America (Mount Baldy, Anaconda, Montana), remains
unclear. In 1914 Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid., 200) identified it with B.tri-
radiatum var. yajanense K:-Pol., (a small form, difficult to
distinguish). In 1915 (ibid., 16) he identified it with var. 6 arcticum
K.-Pol. Kozo-Polyanskii's var. B humile Rupr. (ibid., 1914, 1915)
apparently represents a response to unique conditions, close to melting snow
spots. It is distinguished only by its low habit and quantitative characters
(slightly larger leaflets of involucel), but obviously lacks geographical
significance; var. alpinum Rupr. (1l.c.) does not appear to be distinguish-
able from it. Owing to insufficient material from subarctic and arctic
Siberia, it is not possible to determine the northern border of the distribu-
tion area of B.triradiatum Adams.
13. B.densiflorum Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. sér. 7, XIV, 4 (1869)
47; O. and B. Fedch., Perech. rast. Turk.3,90.— B.falcatum ssp.
persicum“var- 6 demsatlorun esis ly koken i cuimek Poland
Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 226, an p.p.?- B. falcatum ssp. persicum
var. 8B densiflorum K.-Pol. in B. Fedch., Fl. Az. Ross.10,1 (1915) 23,
216
)4
Pape beget Gadiatum war. Kar verikar. invBull. Soc. Nat.. Mose. XV
(1842) 361 (Enum. pl. Songor. No.366).— B.triradiatum Ldb. FI.
Ross. II (1844) 264, p.p. quoad pl. Kar. et Kir.; K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada,
POOG I 9SvanduntB,s Pedehavrl Az. “Hosseon iris sirylt, Pla oAlt. Tiys504
and Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2006.— B.triradiatum O. and B. Fedch., Perech.
rast. Turk. 3 (1909) 90.—- B. ranunculoides var. Btriradiatum
f.1. oblongum Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 117 (in Nota"). —
?B.kokanicum Rgl. et Schmahl. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. est. antrop.
i etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 29 (Descr. pl. Fedtsch. No. 72); Wolff,l.c. 173
(in "Nomina dubia'').— Ic.: K.-Pol., ibid. (1914) tabl. 3, fig. 4 (sub B. fal-
Cailolssp. persico).— Exs.: Kar. et Kir) Pl! Songor. No: i513:
Perennial; stems usually few (2—3—8), (3)10—15(30) cm high, produced
from loosely cespitose base, rarely single, erect or more or less ascending,
simple or with 1—2 short branches; radical leaves narrowly linear to
narrowly lanceolate, more or less tapering to petiole, obtuse to more or
less acuminate, usually 5-nerved, (2)5—8(12)cm long, 3—5(8)mm wide;
cauline leaves 1—3, sessile, linear or lanceolate, rarely to oblong-ovate,
more or less amplexicaul, often slightly expanding and slightly cordate,
gradually tapering above, acuminate or more or less rounded, 5—7-nerved,
shorter than the radical leaves but slightly wider. Umbels of 2—3(4)
rather thin, more or less straight or slightly arcuate unequal rays, (1)2—3(7)
3(7)cm long; involucre of 1-2 (often 1) lanceolate or oblong-ovate,
acuminate or more or less obtuse leaflets 0.5—1.5 cm long, 3—5mm wide;
involucels of 5—7 obovate or rounded-obovate, rarely sublanceolate, obtuse,
shortly and thinly acuminate, herbaceous-scarious green leaflets, usually
glaucescent-bluish, rarely with reddish-violet tinge, 3- (often 5-) nerved,
ca. 4—7mm long, 3-—5mm wide, as long as or slightly longer than umbel-
lets; flowers 10-20 per umbellet,on ca. 2mm long pedicels; petals dark
brown outside (ligules paler? yellowish?); stylopodium dark brown (when
dry); fruit oblong-ellipsoid, dark brown, ca. 3-4mm long, with acute,
rather broadly winged ribs; oil tubes.... Fl. July—August, Fr. August—
September.
Alpine and subalpine meadows, Cobresia alpine meadow groups,
Juniperus turkestanica Kom. and Caragana jubata (Pall.)
Poir. shrubs.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb., Pam.-Al. (northern part), , Sia,
Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (E.T.Sh.). Described from Central Tien Shan
(Lake Chatyr-Kul). Type in Leningrad.
Note. This species is the southern race of B. eal ¢ Shae hea Adams
[sic], dispersed from Tarbagatai over Dzungaria-Ala-Tau and Tien Shan to
the northern ranges of Pamir-Alai (Alai, Alai valley and Turkestan). In
habit it varies from the low-growing forms of alpine meadows to the more
or less high-growing, straight-stemmed and slightly more broad-leaved
subalpine-forest forms. The type species, collected by Osten-Sacken in
Central Tien Shan near Lake Chatyr-Kul at ca. 3,350m, represents the
alpine form. As is evident from the synonymy, specimens of the subalpine
form from Dzungarian Ala Tau, collected by Karelin and Kirilov at the
sources of the Sarkan River, were somewhat dubiously determined by the
collectors themselves, as well as by Ledebour, Krylov, Kozo-Polyanskii and
O. and B. Fedchenko,as B.triradiatum (Karelin, Kirilov and Kozo-
Polyanskii). This is in spite of the fact that the differences between these
217
(305)
PLATE XXI. 1— Bupleurum tianschanicum Freyn.; 2—B.scorzonerifolium Willd.;
3—B.exaltatum M.B.; 4—B.longiradiatum Turcz.
218
specimens and the latter species are very striking. These are evident in
our Plate XX. Figure5 shows the typical B.triradiatum Adams, after
a specimen marked: ‘Western Sayans, 1931, No. 339, M.M.Il'in"; Figure 6
shows the subalpine form B.densiflorum Rupr., after a specimen
marked: ''Dzungarian Ala Tau, 1841, No. 1513, Karelin and Kirilov.'' But for
habit we failed to observe any differences between the two forms of
B.densiflorum Rupr. mentioned above.
The distinction does not appear to have any geographical significance,
as numerous transitions occur. A separate species —- B. kokanicum
Rgl. et Schmalh. —of which the few available specimens show a unique habit,
distinguished by a more robust and multicipital rhizome, spreading-ascend-
ing stems and a more glaucous than usual color of the entire plant, was at
one time described from the northern part of Pamir-Alai (Dzhiptyk pass
in Alai Range). According to the collectors' report this form grows on
taluses in the alpine zone (3,000—4,000m), which could provide the back-
ground to the peculiar habitat. More material and more observations in
nature may warrant for B.kokanicum Rgl. et Schmalh. the race of
specific status growing in the Alai-Turkestansection of the distribution
area of B. densiflorum Rupr. (without the eastern part), as accepted in
the present treatment. Evidently B. densiflorum has not been
collected in Pamir-Alai south of the Trans Alai Range. The immature
specimen, collected by O. and B. Fedchenko at the upper reaches of the
Alichur River in southern Pamir ("from Karasu to Chatyrtash, 16 VII 1901"')
and determined as B. kokanicum Rgl. et Schmalh. (O. Fedch. in Tr.
Bot. Sada, XXI, 3 (1903, 336(Fl. Pamira, No. 193)), either belongs to a new
species (as noted on the herbarium sheet by B. Fedchenko) or quite possibly
to B.aitchisonii (Boiss.) Wolff, described from the alpine belt of
Sefid-Koh Range, at the border between India and NE Afghanistan. Kozo-
Polyanskii (ibid. (1914) 228)regarded his B.falcatum ssp. persicum
which he called B. densiflorum Rupr. as very closely related to
B.falcatum ssp. aitchisonii. We can hardly agree with this.
B.densiflorum Rupr. is a xerophyllous Central Asian race of the
Altai-Baikal B.triradiatum Adams, and has no direct relation to the
cycle of B.falcatum L. On the other hand, B. aitchisonii (Boiss.)
Wolff may very well be related to the latter group (see, for example, the
color of the petals’).
14. B.nordmannianum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 265; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Ii} 150° and Opred. rast. Kavk.224.— B.falcatum ssp. persicum
var.@nordmannianum K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 226. —
Breer avkeatuim ssp. cxaltatvunmvar, @ perslcum Wolff, aa Ptlanzenis:.
IV, 228 (1910) 139.- B. baldense yoeneum Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872)
e493, amp. p. quoad syn. Edb:— B2 polyphyllum var: exiguum K:-Pol.
ime Vurevsike Bot. sada,
III (1819) 197 an p. p.? non L.; Besser, Enum. pl. Volhyn. 43: lLdb.
Le eiyp.y.p. texel’ | syns Hotin— el siop hiygklta miu mn eeuims | Besistgieasie:
noni Hofim.— “Ici; Rehbs: laaci\ tab. 164.6) 294,295 et lice. ft iiGermy 2k
tab. 46, f. 2: Hallier, Fl. Deutschl. XXVIII, tab. 2749: Wolff; 1. e¢.
tabs 12, £.,A;) Thellung, le. figs)24 16: = Exs.21G: BR. Es No: 252qy Caliente:
taur. (1900) No.609; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3428; Fl. Hung. exs. No. 245;
Fl. exs. Reip. Bohem. Slov. No. 442.
242
340
Annual; glaucescent-green plant, to 50—80cm high, with erect or more
or less flexuose, rather thick stem more or less strongly branching from
base, rarely almost unbranched, thinner branches often bearing rather
numerous thin appressed branches; leaves linear-lanceolate, long-
attenuate to acuminate, sessile, semi-amplexicaul, the lowermost slightly
tapering to base, 5—7-nerved, to 10—15cm long, 3-5 mm wide; upper leaves
and leaves on branches smaller. Axial umbels well developed, on more
or less long peduncles, of 3—8 erect, approximate, usually unequal 1—2(4) cm
long rays; lateral umbels subsessile, undeveloped, of 1—3(5) reduced rays;
involucre of 2—5 linear, acute, unequal leaflets to 2cm long, 3—5-nerved;
involucels of 5 linear or linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate leaflets 3-6 mm
long, with prominent midrib, usually much exceeding flowering umbellets
(3—4 times), rarely nearly equal; flowers 1—10 per umbellet, on more or
less short, unequal pedicels, these often obsolete in lateral umbels; petals
small, reddish (brick-red) or green; fruit ovoid or oblong- ovoid, brown,
more or less shiny, 2.5—3 mm long, with thin filiform ribs and distinct
secondary ribs, often slightly rugose in valleculae; oil tubes 1 in valle-
culae, 2 toward commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
(Plate XXII, Figure 3.)
Dry slopes, shrubs, virgin steppes, sometimes as a weed at roadsides,
and on vacant land. — European part: M.Dnp. (southern part), Bes., Bl.,
Crim. (southern coast); Caucasus: Cisc., W., E. and S. (western part)
Transc. Gen. distr.: Centr.Eur. (southern part — Danube basin), Bal.-
As.Min. Described from Hungary. Type in Geneva.
Note. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid. 1914) singles out two rather easily
distinguished varieties: 1) var. breviradiatum (Rchb.) K.-Pol.
(= B. gerardi var. breviradiatum Rchb. 1. c.— R. affine Sadl.
l. c. s. str.) — stems upright-erect, with short appressed branches, the
axial umbels of short, approximate unequal crowded rays; 2) var. vir -
Saunas (nchos) sk eol(- B. peramdis var. Vv 1 rip a tuaneichbae ly e>)k—
stems usually geniculate-flexuose, with longer declinate branches, axial
umbels of rather long, more or less equal, divergent rays. As here ac-
cepted, a polymorphous species, requiring a special critical study of ex-
tensive material.
36. B. Boissieri Post in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXIV (1888) 426
et Fl. of Syria, etc., ed. 1 (1896) 342; Boissenlevores Supple Zola Wolkth
in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228, 92; Ke Polen ines BOt Sada ee OCe 2613;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 149 and Opred. rast. Kavk. 223.— B. asperu-
loides K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. sada, XIII (1912) 108, p. p.
icpaie=Poll, ibid. (1914) 269]-— le-> Woltt, Ie. We. dls hy AV), —
Bese) Herbs bls e@aucs No. l!3i:
Annual; green or glaucescent-green plant, 50—70 cm high, with erect,
rather thin, rounded, stems thinly sulcate below, slightly angular above,
sparsely branching from base or middle, branches rather long, spreading,
shortly appressed-branching or simple; lower leaves lanceolate, tapering
to rather wide petiole, more or less attenuate-acuminate, 5—7 cm long,
3—4 mm wide, with 3—5 (often 3) nerves at base; median leaves not taper-
ing as much at base, more acute, the upper leaves and leaves on branches
much smaller, narrower, to nearly subulate. Axial umbels on more or
243
less long, to 2 cm peduncles, of 2—3 erect, approximate, strongly unequal
scabrous rays, with finely serrate faces, 0.5—2 cm long; lateral umbels
appresseé to branches on short peduncles or sessile, of 1—2 short (ap-
proached) rays; involucre of 2—3 narrowly linear or nearly subulate,
nearly equal, 3-nerved, 4—6 mm long leaflets, distinctly serrate-scabrous
along midrib and margin, 1/, to '/, the length of the long umbel rays; involu-
cels of 5 linear-subulate 2—4 mm long leaflets, nearly equal to flowering
umbellets but more often slightly longer, with prominent scabrous midrib; I
flowers 3—5 per umbellet, very short-pediceled; petals very small, yellow,
smooth or finely tuberculate-scabrous dorsally, never distinctly cucullate;
fruit (unripe) more or less cylindrical, ca. 2mm long, with thin filiform |
ribs; oil tubes 1 in valleculae, 2 toward commissure. Fl. August,
Fr. September (?). (Plate XXII, Figure 4.)
Dry slopes',among shrubs.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Novorossiisk?), |
E.Transc. (Tbilisi), Tal. (arid part — Zuvand). Gen. distr.: E. Med. |
(Syria), Bal.-As. Min. (Asia Minor). Described from N. Syria (Aman |
Range). Type in London (?).
Note. Very similar in habit to B. asperuloides Heldr., from
which it is readily distinguished by the fruits which have 1, not 3, oil tubes
in valleculae, the petals lacking dorsal papillae (or only uneven with callous
tuberosity), never distinctly cucullate or dentate.
37. B. brachiatum C. Koch in Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 844; Wolff in
Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228, 87; K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. sada, XIII,
2, 109 and in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX, 262: Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 149 and
Opred. rast. Kavk. 223.— B. Gerardi M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808)
ZO Peep min.) ld. Ml@hoss allt 26:2) einer ase shimal! oa; Hie 90.
P32: =e doup sky Woltf-sd- sc": nemens =, les sWolffjals es talbaiie :
f. F—J; K.-Pol., ibid. (1912) tabl. 5, fig. 18; (1914) tabl. 7. — Exs.- (@oR. He
NOS. ZoZase2 Zor
Annual; green or slightly glaucescent plant, 80—100 cm high, with erect,
rounded, thin, usually very strongly spreading-branching stem (often from
341 base), with rather long, erect or more or less curved, strongly branching,
rarely simple branches; all leaves linear, sessile (semi-amplexicaul), the
lower to 10 cm long, 2.5—3.5(4) mm wide, with 5—7 nerves distinctly pro-
truding beneath; upper leaves (and leaves on branches) much smaller,
narrower, to nearly subulate. All umbels (or only axial) well developed,
of 2—3(5) divergent, more or less erect, strongly unequal to 1.5—2 cm long
rays (one usually very short, with subsessile umbellet); rays of lateral
umbels often more or less reduced; involucre of 2—3(4) lanceolate, keeled,
acuminate, nearly equal leaflets ca. 2—4mm long, 3-nerved, Yl he the
length of the rays; involucels of 5 lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, stiff,
2—4 mm long leaflets, distinctly keeled along midrib, slightly exceeding
flowering umbellets, sometimes as long or slightly shorter; flowers 10—15
per umbellet, short-pediceled; petals usually orange, rarely yellow or
sulfur-yellow; fruit ovoid, brown, 1.5—2.5mm long, with thin, more or less
acute ribs; oil tubes 1 in valleculae, 2 toward commissure. FI. July —
August, Fr. August—September. (Plate XXII, Figure 5.)
Dry clayey and stony slopes, shrubby thickets. — European part: Crim.
(southern coast, Kerch Peninsula); Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc., E. Transc.
(western part). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (eastern part of Asia Minor).
Described from Lazistan (?). Type in Geneva, isotype (?) was in Berlin.
244
342
Note. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid. 1914) recognizes two varieties:
1) var. genuinum K.-Pol.— all umbellets equal, with rather long rays
and well developed peduncles; 2) var. depauperatum K.-Pol. in
iT ee NGuIslevcka oot sagas, XclMimleGiOl 2) lta(— 35 bacase higaicHt Wok. Polk
1. c. (1914) 265, nomen) — lateral umbellets often undeveloped, all rays
and peduncles short.
Series 2. Exasperata Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 39;
K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX, 177.— Petals finely papillate dorsally,
dentate.
38. B. pauciradiatum Fenzl ex Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 848; K.-Pol.
invbice Bot. Sada, XXX, 270 (descr. emend.); Grossg., Hl. Kavk. I;
148 and Opred. rast. Kavk. 223.— B. asperuloides 8. laxum Fenzl
in Tchihatch. As. Min. III, Bot. I (1866) 418; Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228,
98, 99.— B. junceum M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 204 an p. p.?,
non eee iC hwO Oman, Stevi tn bull soc. Nata Mosc. SOXDe 3
(1856) 342, sec. K.-Pol., ibid., 284, 319, non Boiss. 1849.— B. lepto-
ecladum K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. sada, XIII, 1 (1912) 12 (descrip-
tion and drawing) and XIII, 2 (1912) 108.— B. Wolffianum Bornm. apud.
Moltarngt noes i hlanzeni sli 228.593. ole. IK Pol.) abid.. (91.2) (prime)
fig. 1, 1912 (secundo) tabl. 5, fig.10c (sub B. leptoclado).— Exs::
Kotsiciyn lt weilie. 18 53..No- (8. (puss),
Annual; pale green plant; stems 50—60cm high, more or less erect or
(especially upper part) rather strongly angular-flexuose, thin, rounded,
thinly furrowed below, slightly angular above, branching from middle (some-
times from base), rather rarely false dichotomous, with long, thin (some-
times to subcapilliform) spreading, dichotomously branching branches,
often with drooping tips; lower leaves short-petioled, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate or attenuate-acuminate, like median leaves often
rather long, to 6—10 cm and to 5(15?) mm wide, 5—7(9)-nerved at base
(usually 3 above); upper leaves (and leaves on branches) much smaller,
narrower, nearly subulate, to 2—5mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide. All umbels
on more or less developed peduncles, usually as long as long rays; axial
umbels of 2, very rarely 3, thin, unequal or nearly equal, erect or curved,
divergent, to 2—3 cm long rays; lateral umbels usually of 1 slightly shorter
ray (very rarely of 2); involucre of 3(4) appressed, short, linear-subulate
or sublanceolate 1-4 mm long, 1—3-nerved leaflets, 1/, to 1/9 the length of
the rays; involucel of 5 leaflets very similar to those of involucre, with
prominent midrib nearly equal to flowering umbellets; flowers 3—7 per
umbellet, on short pedicels nearly as long as ovary; petals very small,
yellow, finely papillate dorsally, denticulate; fruit (unripe) ovoid, truncate,
ca. 2mm long, with inconspicuous filiform ribs; oil tubes 1—3 in valle-
culae, 2(?) toward commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
(Plate XXII, Figure 6.)
Dry slopes and among shrubs. — European part: Crim. (southern coast);
Caucasus: E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As.Min. Described from Asia
Minor (Cilician Taurus). Type in Vienna(?), isotype in Leningrad.
245
343
Note. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid. (1914) 271) distinguished 3 varieties:
1) var. kotschyanum K.-Pol. (B. asperuloides 8. laxum Fenzl,
l. c.) — all umbels with rather short peduncles and short, usually very un-
equal, slightly divergent rays; 2) var. leptocladum K.-Pol. (B. lepto-
cladum K.-Pol. 1. c.) — all umbels well developed, with long peduncles
and long, divergent rays; axial umbels of 2 rays, lateral of 1; 3) var.
wolffianum (Bornm.) K.-Pol. (B. wolffianum Bornm. 1. c.) — all
umbels well developed, large, usually of 2 rays; large plants with broad
leaves.
39. B. asperuloides Heldr. in Boiss. Diagn. ser. Il, 6 (1859) 76;
Borsisy bie or. tl 8482 ke Pole in tics Yurlevisk= Bot, Sadalyeclilinn2y
108 and in Tr. Bot. Sada, Xxx (1'914)'273; "Grossg!, Pl. Kavke lilies
and Opred. rast. Kavk. 223.— B. asperuloides @. strictum Fenzl
in Pehihateh; As; Min, Il;* Bot. 1(1866) 418. Wolff in Pilanvenrs iVera2or
98. =e: K=Pol:, ibid. (1912) tabi. 5, figs 10b;" (1914) tably oy ore
Exess Eleldr berbt oraee! norm, No. ots) (typus! )) Gs Rene Nowwlaes
(sub BI pauciradiato); Herb: Fl; ‘Cauce Nor435) |Pases Daas
Annual; glaucescent-green plant, to 80—100 cm high; stem erect or
slightly flexuose above, thin, rounded below, thinly sulcate, slightly angular
above, from base or middle, more or less branching by false dichotomies,
branches rather long, more or less spreading, thin, more or less erect or
flexuose, usually simple; leaves sessile, linear, rarely narrowly linear-
lanceolate, acuminate or attenuate-acuminate, rarely obtuse; lower and
median leaves often rather long, 5—15 cm, ca. 5mm wide, 5—9-nerved at
base (usually 3-nerved above base); upper leaves small, nearly subulate.
Axial umbels well developed, on more or less long peduncles, with 2—3(5)
markedly unequal, straight, approximate, 1.5—3 cm long rays; lateral umbels
subsessile or sessile, of 1 reduced ray (very rarely of 2), usually with sub-
sessile or sessile, nearly spicately arranged umbellets; involucre of 2—3
appressed, subulate or linear-lanceolate 4—5mm long, 3-nerved leaflets,
1/, to 14 the length of the umbel rays; involucels of 5 linear-subulate leaf-
lets 2—3 mm long, slightly exceeding flowering umbellets, with prominent
upper nerve; flowers 2—5(7) per umbellet, on very short pedicels; petals
very small, yellow, with reddish tip, distinctly cucullate, dorsally with small
papillae, more or less dentate; fruit ovoid-elliptic, more often cylindrical,
brown, 2—2.5(3) mm long, with thin filiform ribs, deeply furrowed in valle-
culae; oil tubes 3 in valleculae, 4 toward commissure. Fl. July—August,
Fr. August—September. (Plate XXIII, Figure 1.)
Dry stony places, sparse shrubby thickets. — European part: Crim.
(southern coast); Caucasus: W. Transc. (Anapa, Novorossiisk, Gelendzhik).
Gen. distr.: Bal.-As.Min. Described from Greece (Mount Parnassus).
Type in Paris (Cosson Herbarium?), isotype in Leningrad.
Subsection 2. TRACHYCARPA Lange in Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl.
hisp. III (1874) 68; K.-Pol. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX (1914) 168.— Fruit
scabrous, rugosely papilliform or tuberculate ("granular").
246
344
345
A0.7 sBeatenulcsimunle. Sp. aplened il(1.753)e23e2 (DG Produs lV?
2 kdbeet Rossel Zok-S Bolss, al wore la. G4 Shmial! oy srl yer
S9l.oBrigq. Monogr) Bupl.) Alp, marit; 9 (1897) 1095" Ko-Pol) im Pr.
Yur'evsk. Bot. sada, XIII, 2, 108 and in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXX, 278;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 147 and Opred. rast. Kavk. 222.— B. tenuis-
simum ssp. eutenuissimum Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910)
102.— Odontites tenuissima Spreng. Prodr. Umbell. (1813) 33;
Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2, 116; M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III, 198.—
lee iNees, (Gen: Xa el0sFi415—1 9: “Dietriche rl: borusst x1, 1, 765;
Rehbanliceskia (Germ: SOG Utalb: SOf tee eaolettig ic. ite 1s 22565 Woltt:
Ieee tabyl3! etvA SB — xs -Gak: b= No 252)95 bly exs, “austro—-hung.
No. 2103; Fl. exs. Reip. Bohem. Slov. Nos. 48, 1080; Fl. Hung. exs.
No. 248; Fiori et Beguinot, Fl. It. exs. No. 1710.
Annual; glaucescent-green plant, 10—40 cm high; stems flexuose, thin,
more or less rigid, usually branching from base (sometimes also in upper
part), with rather long, short-branching or simple branches, arcuate at base,
declinate or erect; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, usually
3-nerved; lower leaves slightly attenuate toward petiole, the remaining
leaves sessile, all with more or less long mucro, rarely obtuse, 2—5 cm
long, 1—4mm wide. Axial umbels on more or less developed peduncles,
with 3—5 strongly unequal, approximate rays, 2 cm long; lateral umbels
subsessile or sessile, sometimes nearly spicately arranged, of 1—3 very
short rays; involucre of 3—5 unequal, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate ,3—10mm
long leaflets nearly as long as shorter umbel rays; involucels of 5—6 linear,
3-nerved, long-mucronate, 3—6 mm long leaflets, 2—3 times, rarely almost
as long as flowering umbellets; flowers 3—5 per umbellet on very short,
unequal pedicels; petals very small, more or less reddish or red-yellow;
stylopodium yellowish-red(?); fruit ovoid-globular, usually brown, 2—-3mm
long, distinctly compressed laterally, with distinct, acute, more or less
undulant ribs; valleculae usually strongly rugose-tuberculate; oil tubes 3
in valleculae, 4—6 toward commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
(Plate XXIIl, Figure 2.)
Margins of solonchaks, dry localities. — European part: Balt. (reported
as introduced for Ezel Island), U.Dns. (Lysaya Gora near Uzhgorod), Bes.,
Bl., Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. (Stavropol), E. Transc. (reported by Boissier
(1.c.) near Gori, but subsequent collections do not appear to confirm this).
Gen. distr.: Scand. (S. Sweden and Denmark), Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med.,
Bal.-As. Min. Described from W. Europe. Type in London.
Note. Kozo-Polyanskii (ibid. 1914) refers the Russian plant to var.
genuinum Godr. (in Gr. et Godr. Fl. Fr. I (1848) 723), which he
characterizes by the high stem with long basal branches and subsessile,
often undeveloped lateral umbellets. He recognizes two forms: f. longi-
bracteatum Wolff (1. c. 103) — involucels distinctly longer than um-
bellets, and f. brevibracteatum Wolff (1. c. 103) — involucels more
or less equal to umbellets.
"B. tenuissimum L." undoubtedly hides within its distribution area
a wide range of small species, some of which have already been distin-
guished by earlier authors (for example, B. columnae Guss., B. pro-
cumbens Desf.). Until a monograph of the entire cycle becomes avail-
able, B. tenuissimum L. must be considered as an aggregate species,
although within much narrower limits than those accepted by Wolff (1. c.).
247
346
41.) B.ajmarschallianumyOsA. Ms) Verz. Pil: Kauk (iss) 235
Boiss wil omnis 842. 7Shmiallot sgh loses o1 se redchaaricl stile mae msale
684.—.By gracile (MsB.)) Des Prodrs li \(1830) 28; edby Wisihiosics
Tl, :262:0 K:=Pol,. an oP iimipumettardio tea Nile. Hr taur J-cauc. i 24 2 none:
Rumia leiogona C.A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl, Cauc. GIES IS a asad TUG ON, TTL.
ROSS ollils, Sb 1S ToT, De Apinella hoffmannii Calest. in Webbia,
(GLO) SLAs.
Perennial; root tuberiform or fusiform-thickened; stem single, 10—50 cm
high, branching from base, branches oblique antrorse, shorter than main
stem, stem like leaves very short scabrous-hairy or glabrous; leaves gen-
erally ovate-oblong, 10—12 cm long, 5—6 cm wide, tripinnatisect, the petioles
shorter than blades: terminal lobes linear, 3—6 mm long, 0.5—1 mm wide,
256
358
acute or short-mucronate; median and upper leaves smaller, their petioles
shorter. Umbels 1—2cm across, of 5—7 unequal, glabrous rays; involucre
and involucels absent; umbellets 7—11-flowered; petals whitish- or violet-
greenish, ca. 0.9mm long, ovate, with acute inward curved tip; fruit 4mm
long, 2—2.5mm wide, on very unequal thickened peduncles, 1—17 mm long;
stylopodium short- conical; styles recurved, 3—4 times as long as stylo-
podium. Fl. May, Fr. July—August. (Plate DOC View F toues i.)
Dry stony slopes, shrubs, mainly in mountainous part of Main Range. —
Caucasus: Dag., E. and 8S. Transc., Tal. Endemic. Described from
Talysh (mountains). Type in Leningrad.
g. TT. kitaibelii M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Hl (1819) 246, s. str. quo ad
Dilan telien — Pimpinella dichotoma Spreng. Syst. veg. 1 (1825)
3883.— P. kitaibelii Ten. Sylloge (1831) 153, quoad nom. — Apium
kitaibelii Jessen, Deutsch. Excursionsfl. (1879) 190, quoad nom. —
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, thickened, turniplike; stem
15—40 cm high, branching from base or middle, often lke branches violet,
glabrous; radical leaves narrowly or lanceolate-oblong, (NO eraglionn gs:
bipinnatisect, the petioles as long as or longer than blade, expanding to
sheath; terminal lobes narrowly linear, 10—15 mm long, obtuse or acute,
with short mucro; cauline leaves similar to radical, smaller, on shorter
petioles. Umbels of 4—7 capilliform, nearly equal, ca. 1 cm long rays;
involucre absent; umbellets 15—17-flowered; pedicels 0.5—2mm long;
general involucre of 5 linear or subulate leaflets; petals broadly ovate-
oblong, 0.5—0.7 mm long; only part of flowers fertile; fruiting umbellets of
3—7 unequal thickish rays, the longest 5mm, fruit ovoid, 4mm long.
Fl. June, Fr. July. (Plate XXIV, Bigure sl)
Stony slopes. — European part: Crim. (southern coast). Endemic.
Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
Note. In"Fl. taur.-cauc."' (1. c.), M. Bieberstein reports for his
species two localities, in the Crimea and Kremenets Volyn, on the same
sheet. Inthe Bieberstein herbarium, two different plants on a single sheet
are referred to this species. Since the description fits the Crimean plant,
we retain Bieberstein's name, referring the Kremenets specimens to the |
newly established T. ucr ALL iM Ce, iam.
Genus 990. RUMIA * Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 171.— Trinia subg. Rumia Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. II], 8
(1898) 183
Flowers unisexual, dioecious or polygamous; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
fruit subglobular; stylopodium short-conical; styles divergent in fruit,
stigma capitate; mericarps with thick, spongy, sinuate-plicate ribs and
solitary canals in valleculae. Biennial or perennial plants, with bipinnati-
sect leaves and linear lobes.
Monotypic genus common on the southern coast of the Crimea.
* After Karl-Georg Rumi (born 1780), professor of law and librarian in Hron (Tatra Mountains).
Doi
(359)
PLATE XXV. 1-—Trinia leiogona (C.A.M.) B. Fedtsch.;
K.-Pol.
2—Rumia crithmifolia (Willd.)
258
361
ie Rw erithantola(Wihlde ike -Polivin Bulle \socs Nat Moses N.S,
POC COS) Pivisae— ih. tear ica Elotiim: iGen: = Uimbell eds 2(lelG)i 173:
1D Gee 2 re O Giclee o Cele Glo aE bl vos |S lee Ono cabin Chel sce ricsintslamani ii
folia Willd. in Neue Schrift. d. Ges. Naturf. Freund. in Berlin, III
(1801) 419.— Artedia squamata Pall. in Ind. taur. (1797) 308, nom.
nud. chuinwNnwctayNcade) Petcopol) (1798) 308, non ly— Gare hiry's
Hate tea NB ie taurs-cauc. 1 (h80S)i206. IM 2 nen Wald (v9.8), —
Trinia taurica Schmalh., Fl. Sr. i Yuzhn. Ross. I (1895) 389; Drude
in’ He— PP Pilanzenfam.111,"8 (0898) 183. = TT. crithmif olifa Wolff in
nike 2 ilanzencs slew 2 2s(S lO) Ple0s—= ler Hottmr iene: tablan titw f.3))4,
17,21.— Exs.: Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 3422.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root to 1 cm thick, vertical or ascend-
ing, its neck covered with pale fibrous leaf remnants; stem 15—50 cm high,
more or less erect, branching nearly from base with long alternate (rarely
opposite), obliquely ascending branches; radical leaves numerous, triangular,
bipinnatisect into narrowly linear, 1—3 cm long, ca. 1mm wide acute lob-
ules; cauline leaves smaller, nearly simple-pinnate, with slightly shorter
lobules. Umbels 1—4cm across, of 2—11 glabrous rays; involucre absent;
involucels of 5 lanceolate-linear, acute, herbaceous leaflets with scarious
margin, nearly as long as umbellets; umbellets 3—5-flowered; pedicels
short; flowers unisexual, dioecious or polygamous; calyx-teeth inconspicu-
ous; fruit subglobular, ca. 4—5mm long, nearly as wide; stylopodium short-
conical; styles straight, divergent; stigma capitate. June—July. (Table XXV,
Figure 2, Table XXX, Figure 3.)
Open stony slopes, frequent on limestones. — European part: Crim.
Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type was in Berlin.
Genus 991. LEDEBOURIELLA *« Wolff
Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 191.- Rumia Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 171, ex p.;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. I] (1844—1846) 281, ex p.
Flowers polygamous; calyx-teeth distinct, very short, ovate or sublinear,
thickened; petals whitish, with inward curved acute tip; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved, twice as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid or
oblong-cylindrical, slightly compressed dorsally, not constricted at com-
missure; mericarps with only primary thickened ''spongy"' ribs, the mar-
ginal slightly dilated, bearing a row of 5—8 vesicular tubercles, mixed with
slightly smaller ones; ribs contain a large single canal, valleculae with
1 canal, 2—4 toward commissure, albumen semilunate in cross section.
Perennial branching herbs, with bi- or tripinnatisect leaves, involucre
absent, involucels of 3—5 scarious leaflets.
Two species in South Siberia.
1. Involucels of 7—10 lanceolate-linear leaflets; umbellet with numerous
flowers (20—25), umbel rays 8—-20..... 2. L. multiflora (Ldb.) Wolff.
3O2 ar Involucels of 3—5 ovate-lanceolate leaflets; umbellet with 5—10 flowers,
Ulan oSly elses — oO), se UR See 1. L. seseloides (Hoffm.) Wolff.
* After Ledebour (1785-1851), professor of Yu'rev University, author of "Flora Altaya" (Flora of Altai) and
"Flora Rossii" (Flora of Russia).
259
363
1. L. seseloides (Hoffm.) Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228, H. 43
(1910) 192.— Rumia seseloides Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816)
174; »ppatr: sexcl.; , DC, Prodrs ive o8, slidb. El. pROSS eal, (210 la @rae meas
s eisie lajoide's | MExB. yl. tauns- caves UM (WeiiO)\ 2, =e) We i na asielc ewe
oides Ldb. Fl. alt. 1(1829) 357.— Johrenia seseloides K.-Pol.
in Bulls Soc: Nat. Mose. IN. S85 2OCkx (19E5)\ 334 Wesel. licks pie anle
GOsse) 1 (L829), tabanse
Perennial; root rather thick, multicipital, its neck covered with brown
leaf remnants; stems 10—40 cm high, single or few, erect, like leaves
glabrous, thinly ribbed, branching, branches in bundles, the lower branching,
the medium ones often nearly opposite; radical leaves smooth, 5—7 cm long,
ovate-oblong or ovate, bi- or tripinnatisect, the petioles nearly equal to
blade; primary lobes petioluled, lobes of the last order linear, 2—12 mm
long, 0.5—1 mm wide, with glabrous margins;* cauline leaves similar to
the radical, the terminal with undeveloped blades. Flowers heterogeneous;
umbels 2—4 cm across, of 3—6(10) glabrous, angular, unequal rays, central
rays reduced, often 1-flowered; involucre absent or of 1 linear or oval,
caducous leaflet; umbellets ca. 5mm across, 6—10-flowered; involucels
of 3—5 small scarious ovate-lanceolate leaflets; calyx-teeth very small,
ovate, acute; petals whitish, with acute inward tip; fruit slightly compressed
dorsally, ovoid, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide, tuberculate-plicate along ribs;
stylopodium conical; styles thickish, divergent, becoming recurved, 2—4
times as long as stylopodium, capitate. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 5.)
Desert slopes, dry steppes.— W.Siberia: ? Irt. Endemic. Described
from Chingis-Tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
2. L. multiflora (Ldb.) Wolffin Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1910) 191.—
Rumia multiflora Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 281.— Cachry-
diltima "sewer rnsim Cy Ae Miey. in wlerb. eninepols = Iko)nutsem Seinen
versiz K--Pol, in Bull, Soc. Nats Mose Nass COxbai(uoms) lease
Perennial; similar to preceding species but differing by higher stem,
narrower leaf lobes, 0.3 to 1mm wide, more umbel rays (10—25), many-
flowered umbellets, and more numerous involucre leaflets. (Plate XXX,
Figure 4.)
W.Siberia: Alt.(?). Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type in
Leningrad.
Note. The delimitation of L. multiflora (Ldb.) Wolff presents
an extremely complicated problem. Described by Ledebour after an un-
satisfactory specimen in the Willdenow Herbarium, which Willdenow had
called Cachrys taurica (Ldb. 1. c.), Ledebour doubted its derivation
from the Crimea, adding the query: in Tauria? In the Herbarium of the
Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR there are parts
of the plant, with remnants of the upper leaves. The specimen in the Stephan
Herbarium, with fruiting umbels, matches the description of Rumia
multi tVora edb. On the labelvot iC ac lic ys) imapie role an oa tcmoenlera
Eall~lCamnas seen Chossed out aud Silom calc ayer Silica Stoner
inserted: mc wMieyer added in pencil Coc aay, dima 9S te wie rs eaae
Mey." Kozo-Polyanskii identified this specimen with Trinia sese-
loides Ldb. and Rumia seseloides Hoffm. and transferred Meyer's
name to another genus — Johrenia sieversii K.-Pol.
* It is incomprehensible why Ledebour (1. c.) originally described the leaf-margins as scabrous, whereas
the leaves of the type specimens have glabrous margins, and are only occasionally rugose.
60115 1 260
364
Genus 992. ORMOPTERUM * Schischk.
Schischk. in Addenda XV, 597
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, ovate, acute, recurved after
flowering; fruit oblong; stylopodium short-conical, with broadened un-
dulant base; styles thickish, recurved; stigma capitate; mericarps with
5 equal ribs covered with transverse folds. Biennial plants with tuber,
tripinnatisect leaves, involucre and involucels.
Monotypic genus common to Turkmenia.
1. O. turcomanicum (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Hyalolaena
turcomanica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. Ak. Nauk
UzSSR, XII (1948) 21.— Exs.: Sintenis, Iter transe.-pers. 1900—1901,
INO. 29.
Biennial; entire plant glaucescent; root tuberous, often lobate; stem
85—100 cm high, erect, with narrow white stripes, branching from middle
or nearly from base with long thin, oblique antrorse branches, radical
leaves soon withering, oblong-ovate, 10—15 cm long, 3—5 cm wide, tripinna-
tisect, the petioles shorter than the blade; primary lobes sessile, lobules
of the last order linear, 1.5—5mm long, 0.2—0.5 mm wide, short mucronate;
cauline leaves similar to the radical; the upper small, simple-pinnate.
Umbels 2—4 cm across, of 4—8 unequal glabrous rays; involucre of 5 ovate-
lanceolate, acute leaflets with broad scarious ciliate margin, much shorter
than umbel rays; umbellets 5—6 mm across, 10—15-flowered; leaflets of
involucels 5, completely concealing umbellets prior to flowering, elliptic,
nearly entirely scarious, with ciliate margin; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals white, ovate, acute, 1.5mm long, recurved after flowering; stylo-
podium short-conical, with broadened undulant base; styles recurved,
thickish, longer than stylopodium, stigma capitate; fruit oblong, 4mm long,
1.5mm wide. May. (Plate XXX, Figure 6, 6a.)
Sandy hills, fixed barkhans. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Kara K.
Endemic. Described from Badkhyz. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 993. SZOVITSIA** Fisch. et Mey.
Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. I sem. Horti Petrop. (1835) 39
Flowers bisexual; calyx with 5 inconspicuous teeth; petals obovate,
not notched, with inward curved ligule; fruit ovoid-oblong, slightly com-
pressed laterally; primary ribs filiform, hardly discernible, secondary
ribs 4, wide, dentate, with transverse folds; stylopodium short-conical;
styles recurved, 2—3 times as long as stylopodium; canals under secondary
ribs solitary, narrow. Annual glabrous herbs, with bipinnatisect leaves and
linear-setiform lobules.
A monotypic genus endemic to S. Transcaucasia, N. Turkish Armenia
and Iran.
From the Greek ormos — necklace, pteron — wing, referring to the unique sculpture of the fruit
surface.
** After Ivan Osipovich Sovich, Odessa pharmacist who collected extensively in 1828 —1830 in Armenia,
Karabakh, Imeretia, Mingrelia and Iranian Azerbaidzhan.
261
365
366
1. Sf*callicarpa Fisch. et Mey. lic. (1835) ternniMinneea, ae Went
Ber. (1836) 103; Boiss. Fl. or.. 11, 655;> Grossg., Hi. Kavi, ile iaZeS
fe..* Baill, Hist. des %plant) Vil (0880) 025; ¥K.sPoly im, ire) Botaaada
Yur'ev. univ. XV, 2—3 (1914) tabl.1, fig.25; tabl. II, fig.25; Wolff in
Engl) Pilanzenrs IV, 2280927) 205) G25 Ag Bs © —slixses: Geilvloneesssr
No. 16.
Annual; entire plant glabrous; stem 25—60 cm high, thin, whitish or
violet in lower half, erect or geniculately curved, branching from base or
only in upper part; radical leaves early withering; cauline leaves broadly
ovate, bipinnatisect, the petioles expanding to embrace stem, the lobules
linear-setiform, 1—5 cm long, diverging at a right angle. Umbels on
peduncles opposite leaves, of 4-11 antrorse rays; involucre absent; um-
bellets ca. 1 cm across, of 5 rays; involucels 5—6 lanceolate scarious
attenuate leaflets; petals white, notched, with short-mucronate tip, peri-
pheral petals elongating to 3mm; fruit 4—5mm long, 2-3 mm wide.
May—June. (Plate XXX, Figures 7, 7a; Plate XXVIII, Figure 2.)
Dry stony slopes and solonetzic deserts, often in wormwood associations, _
1,500 m.— Caucasus: E. and S. Transe.. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd.
(Kagyzman), Iran. Described from E.Karabakh. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 994. APHANOPLEURA * Boiss.
Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 855.— Szovitsia (Fisch. et Mey.) Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898)
183, ex p— Carum subgen. Mesocarum, sect. Tragodes, ser. Aphanopleura K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. N. S. XXIX (1915) 199.
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or pinkish,
obscurely notched, with acute inward curved tip; fruit ovoid or subglobular,
compressed laterally, covered with claviform or capitate hairs; mericarps
with poorly developed obtuse ribs; stylopodium conical; styles recurved,
twice as long as stylopodium; canals under valleculae large, solitary, 2
toward commissure; albumen pentagonal in cross section; carpophore free,
entire, bifurcated above. Annuals, with entire or distally tridentate or bi-,
tripinnate leaves, glabrous or soft-hairy.
Three species in the arid environments of Central Asia, S. Transcaucasus.
and Afghanistan.
Ly dnvyolucre absentior i—2-leaved. stem olalsrous) 5 ei: see eee
SAE ee es een oF Oa eR 3. A. capillifolia (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky.
a Involucre of 4—6 leaflets; stem sometimes soft-hairy only in lower
Hea TS 5 docs Se eu pec Neh Sh loi tic cca wala acc Tega bce cleo Re te 2
he Umbels of 8—15 rays; leaf lobes narrowly linear, 0.5—1mm wide,
eritine (han SC aUCaASUS |i ce mush de bee ulmi ce 1. A. trachysperma Boiss.
i Umbels of 5—8(10) rays; leaf lobes lanceolate or obcuneate, 3-10mm
wide, offen with.3 denticles above (Centr Asia)... ):.. un) ain eee
Hes Tene aria oe Neale 2. A. leptoclada (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Lipsky.
* From the Greek aphanes — obscure, pleura — rib.
262
367
Series 1. Trachycarpae Schischk.— Umbellets of 5—15 rays; involucre
of 5 leaflets; plant pubescent.
1. A. trachysperma Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 855; Grossg., Hl. Kavk.
ie s2—Awtinna cliyse ape play Lisi, eim! Izv Se-eterbe gAIN, ser. Vij) TV
(1898) 375; Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 19.— Ammi trachy-
carpum C.A.M. nom. in sched. ad Herb. Petropol.— Carum trachy-
carpum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. IND Sy LOY GUSH) US)
Annual: root thin; stem 15—50 cm high, furcately branching nearly from
base with obliquely antrorse branches, shortly and densely soft-hairy in
lower half, subglabrous above; radical leaves early withering, their petioles
soft-hairy at base; cauline leaves bi-, tripinnate, broadly ovate, with nar-
rowly linear, 1—3 cm long, 0.5—1 mm wide, acute lobules, with glabrous
margin; upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels
numerous, terminating stems and branches, 3—8cm across, of 7-15 slightly
unequal glabrous rays, spreading in fruit; involucre of 5 lanceolate, acumi-
nate, scarious leaflets; umbellets small, 5-6 mm across; involucels of
5 ovate-lanceolate, scarious, thinly acuminate, glabrous leaflets nearly as
long as umbellet rays; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals notched, with in-
ward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 2mm long, 1.0mm wide, densely cov-
ered with very short papillae. June—July.
Clayey stony slopes, solonetzic deserts to 1,000 m.— Caucasus: S. Transc.
(Nakhichevan, Vagarshapat). Endemic. Described from Nakhichevan.
Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
2. A. leptoclada (Aitch. et Hems1.) Lipsky in Izv. Saaweregb-. GaN,
ser. V, IV (1898) 377.— A. Fedtschenkoana K.-Pol. ia IO, TaaeNts
Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, I, 18 @sg2/2)s69;; Wolt im etlanzenr. Vs 2238520. —
Carum leptocladum Aitch. et Hemsl. fia, NBeBing, lian, SO@s" sO
ser. Il, Ill (1888—1889) 66.— C. Aphanopleurae K.-Pol., ibid. us)
69.- Psammogeton glabrum Bornm. et Sint. ex B. Fedchenko, Rast.
Turk. (1915) 609, in synon.— Ic.: Aitch. et Hermsly laic.) tabs 22. Woltf iim
Pilemzenray Iv (1927),20,.f.445 DSM: — Dace Lae. AN INO.32 by vi olmtenis),
Pl. exs. No. 264 et 500 (sub Psammogeton glabrum Bornm. et Sint.).—
Annual; entire plant covered with soft hairs, sometimes subglabrous;
stem 10—40 cm high, strongly branching from base; leaves lanceolate,
oblong-lanceolate or obcuneate, gradually tapering to more or less long
petiole, the blade acuminate, with 3 parallel nerves, entire or 3-partite or
3-toothed at apex; blade of median stem leaves 1.5—2cm long, 3—10 mm
wide, their petioles to 1—2 cm long, sheath not developed with scarious
margin. Umbels numerous, often opposite leaves, peduncle long, 2—8 times
as long as rays, rays 5—10 thin, strongly divergent, slightly curved,
spreading-hairy; leaflets of involucre 2—5, lanceolate, acute, whitish, mem-
branous, 2—3 mm long, short-hairy outside, with ciliate margin and protrud-
ing scabrous nerve; umbellets of 10 nearly equal rays; leaflets of involu-
cels 5—6, oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate from broadly rounded base, Ze maairan
long, as long as fruiting pedicel; petals white or pinkish, from depressed
median nerve, spuriously notched, with acute inward curved tip, dorsally
pubescent, especially along nerve; fruit ovoid, ca. 2mm long, 1.2mm wide,
densely covered with long claviform hairs; stylopodium conical; styles
recurved: carpophore entire, apically bifurcate. Fl. April—May, Fr. June.
(Pilate Sy Eigume 2.)
263
368
Fixed, rarely unfixed sands, sandy slopes, crops, riparian woodlands. —
Centr. Asia: Amu Daj Kyz.K., Mtn. Durkmt) Gen) distr-7 -Atohamicstad.
Described from Afghanistan. Type in London.
Series 2. Capillifoliae Schischk.— Involucre absent or of 1 leaflet;
plant glabrous, but leaves sometimes with scabrous-ciliate margins.
3. A. capillifolia (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky in Izv. AN, ser. V, IV
(1898) 379; Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 21.— Pimpinella
capillifolia Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop.
1 Netnosis: OGY 92.\(L8i8l) 29..— (Ca run capil if od 7 im kee o lesa
lev vos. obshich estesivs li vst) SOeDe (ES 15)5 99) tiie Geka eie
ING a Se ele 1s Ze\5 IME INOS S710) ¢
Annual; root thin; stem 7—12 cm high, glabrous, violet in lower half,
with oblique antrorse, sometimes horizontally spreading branches from
middle up; radical leaves early withering; cauline leaves bipinnate, with
few linear or narrowly lanceolate-linear lobes of the last order, with glab-
rous or ciliate-scabrous margin, acute, 5-10mm long, ca. 1—2 mm wide;
their petioles longer than blade, expanding to sheath with scarious margin;
upper leaves less dissected, their lobes narrower, sometimes subfiliform.
Umbels terminating stem and branches, 1.5—2.5cm across, of 3—6 smooth
rays; involucre absent or of 1 linear, nearly entire, scarious leaflet; um-
bellets small,4—5 mm across; involucels of 4—6 lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate thinly acuminate leaflets sometimes with ciliate margin, shorter
than umbellet rays; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or pink-violet,
notched or truncate, with inward tip and sharply protruding median nerve;
fruit broadly ovoid, 1.2mm long, 1mm wide; mericarps indistinctly ribbed;
covered with remote claviform bristles. April—June.
Clayey slopes, sandy deserts.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Ili River), T. Sh.
(W.), .Syr D.) Amu D., Pam:—-Al., Min. Turkm. Kara K... Ky2. i, sBanade mc:
Described from the rivers Chulakh and Zeravshan, in the desert between
Syr-Darya and Tashkent. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 995. FRORIEPIA * C. Koch
C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 362
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, subrounded, notched; fruit
ovoid, compressed laterally, with 5 primary and 4 secondary filiform ribs;
stylopodium short-conical; styles much shorter than stylopodium, recurved;
canals absent; carpophore apically divided. Biennial herb with small um-
bels and umbellets, involucre and involucels present.
Monotypic genus, Caucasus and Iran.
1. F. subpinnata (Ldb.) Baill. Hist. Pl. VII (1880) 220; Wolff in
Pilanzenm lies 80(lo2i) 22) sGrosce ea) Eolas Kay Kae hl 6153.9 serail
C7 Koch! int innaea,, Sov (1842) 3624) Ebdb. ti Ross. He 334-5 Soincemele
on IT gore — -B pile wiainal Ss ub pa ta ast upm sedi. simubehw GaGa sjonai@-anaren
* Named after Froriep, physician and naturalist.
264
(1831) 13.— Petroselinum segetum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844)
24m noniKochs— vlc.) ldo. in Hachw a liaicr tall ys Hexsse-) Hexion PEs
Caner Noone
Annual; entire plant glabrous; root vertical, 3—5mm thick; stems
50—100 cm high, single or few, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, branching
from base, with long antrorse branches; radical leaves narrowly oblong,
369 6—20 cm long, 1—3 cm wide, simple-pinnate, short-petioled; lobes ovate,
5—15mm long, 4—10 mm wide, acute, incised-dentate, sessile, truncate
at base; cauline leaves similar, smaller. Umbels of 3—4 smooth, ribbed,
extremely unequal rays; involucre and involucels of 3—5 oblong-lanceolate
leaflets with broad scarious margin; umbellets 3—7-flowered, on very
unequal pedicels; median flowers subsessile; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals white or greenish-white, 0.5—0.6 mm long, subrounded, notched;
fruit 2.5mm long, 1.8mm wide. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 8.)
Fields, roadsides, dwellings, meadows, gardens, forest edges. — Caucasus:
CGisce Dac We ieand Ss ulgansics..) Daly (Gen disitrs:) wligank Described
from the Samur River near Derbent. Type in Leningrad.
| Genus 996. CUMINUM > L.
| L. Sp. pl. (1753) 254.- Cummin Hill. Veg. Syst. VI (1764) 7.— Cuminia J.F. Gmel. Syst. (1791)
309.— Cyminum Hill, A Decade of trees and plants Brit. Herb. (1756) 422— Cyminon St. Lager in
Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, VII (1880) 65.- Luerssenia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gener. (1891) 268-— Cuminum L.
emend. sect. II Cuminum 1. Karrabadion K.~-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N. S. XXIX (1915) 208.
| Calyx-teeth conspicuous, elongate; petals white or red, oblong, deeply
notched, with long inward curved tip; fruit oblong, tapering above and below,
slightly flattened laterally, constricted along commissure, not separating
easily; mericarps with 5 filiform primary ribs bearing short bristles,
valleculae with 1 riblike protruding stria with crowded long stellate bristles;
canals single under valleculae, 2 toward commissure; endosperm slightly
incised toward commissure. Annual or biennial (?) plant, with bifurcate-
| ternate dissected leaves and thin linear lobules; involucre and involucels
present.
Two species, southern Mediterranean area, Central Asia and Sudan.
iC Meyrminum MeiSps role 53) s204 DCs rcodra iVer A0l eos:
Horie HOvo ts. hedch., Rastit, ahurkest. (1915) 6095 — CC.) odeekensara ite
Caasauli roam ere Arima a tsacie leds mili Gib) ptalonnZ sol 1 CcmOllortare
Coma Saldisoee Preaciq.((ik796)s Vicon) Cre hits panic ui BBs. pis MCiaae ssw:
étr. VII (1851) 312, non Merat.— Ligusticum cuminum Crantz,
Ce AUmibellls Gmendsiav767)) S29— Chuan inival ey mai nulimy Jee) Gorell,
Syst. (1791) 484.— Cyminon longeinvolucellatum St. Lager in
370 Ann. Soc. bot. Lyon, VII (1880) 65.— Luerssenia cyminum
O. Kuntze, Rev. gen. (1891) 268.— Selinum cuminum E. H. L.
Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 91.— Ic.: Hegi, Illustr.
Fl, V, 2) Fig. 2424.
* Cuminum — ancient Roman name of the plant, from the Greek kuminon, apparently derived from
the Babylonian ka-mu-nu.
; 265
3) (dk
Annual, biennial; entire plant (except for fruit) glabrous, 10—50 cm high,
furcately branching nearly from base; lower leaves bifurcately and ter-
nately dissected, with thin linear lobules of the last order, 1—3 cm long,
0.3mm wide. Umbels of 3—5 glabrous rays; involucre and involucels
mostly longer than rays of umbels and umbellets; involucre often 3-partite;
calyx-teeth elongate, subulate; petals white or red, oblong, deeply incised,
with inward curved tip; styles short, becoming recurved; fruit oblong,
6mm long, 1.5mm wide, crowned with subulate calyx-teeth. April—May.
Oases in sandy deserts. — Centr. Asia: Kyz.K.(?), Balkh. Gen. distr.:
southern Mediterranean area (Spain, Egypt), Sahara, Ethiopia, Marmarica.
Frequently cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. Described
from Egypt and Ethiopia. Type in London.
Economic importance. This plant has been used as a spice as well as
an officinal plant since antiquity. It is still in use in the production of
some liqueurs and as a seasoning for cheese (Holland). In India it is one
of the ingredients of curry powder. The fruits contain from 2.36 to 4%
essential oil, 7.135% chlorophyll, 0.5% myricin, 7.725% oil, 16% gum, etc.
Note. Some reports in the literature point to Cuminum cymi-
num L. being indigenous to Central Asia (Kyzyl-Kum), from where it
could have spread via Southwest Asia to Egypt and Southern Europe, and
especially to the Mediterranean area — Syria, Tripolitania, Malta, Morocco.
It is also cultivated in N. America, Chile, India where it has locally es-
caped from cultivation.
Genus 997. APIUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 264
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals nearly pure white, with cordate base,
slightly incised with inward curved tip; fruit cylindrical, slightly com-
pressed laterally; mericarps nearly hemispherical, circular-pentagonal,
in cross section, with 5 equal, slightly protruding main ribs; canals single
under valleculae, large,2 toward commissure; albumen nearly flat. Herba-
ceous biennials (in cultivation — annuals), with trifid and pinnate leaves.
Monotypic genus, all over Europe, Southwest Asia to India, N. and
S. Africa. Cultivated and locally escaped in America, New Zealand, and
elsewhere.
1. A. graveolens L. Sp. pl. (1753) 264; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 242;
Boiss) of.wll, 5062 Shmal'se, 7 Fl, -3925) Grosse.) obit Usayiaw ie
153.,.— "A, lobiatum® Giliby El, Withuan, 1h (0782) ail = Aem@ eileen
Gaertn. Fruct. 1 (1788) tab. 22.—_ A. maritimum Salisb. Prodr. (1796)
169.— A. decumbens Ecklon et Zeyher, Enum. (1834—1837) 340. —
A. vulgare Bub. Fl. Pyren. II (1900) 344, non Lam.— Seseli grave-
olens, Scop: Fl: carn. ed 2, 1 (1772) 2155=e9S:9A pum) Roth Venue sae
Germ. 1 (1788) 128.— Sium graveolens Vest, Man. Bot. (1805) 517. —
* From the Celtic apon — water, referring to its preference for damp habitats, or from the Latin apis —
bee, as bees readily gather on it to collect nectar.
266
V372
Smyrnium laterale Thunb. Prodr. pl. Cap. (1794-1800) 51.—
Llelos cuadium, utanW@.) ProdinaelVe(l g30)) 106N— Tor ul tarce um
St. Lager in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, VII (1880) 127.— Celeri grave-
olens Britt. in Britt. et Brown. Ill. Fl. ed. 2, II (1913) 660. —
Siew imu mapos av cole nisi i Hey rausehinysturm bike Dents chi, it
Aufl. X11 (1904) 38.— Carum graveolens K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Moses Ns Ss. POMD Pam:Aly Mins Turkm .») Gen. distr>:aCentreazand
Atl. Eur., Med., N. Afr., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., introduced into N. and S. Am.
(Chile). Described from Europe. Type in London.
Genus 999. PETROSELINUM* Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. pl. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 78— Apium L. Sp. pl. (1753) 264, ex p— Wydleria DC.
Coll. mém. Fam. Ombell. (1829) 36.— Anisactis Dulac, Fl. Hautes Pry. (1867) 347.- Carum I
Petroselinum Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. I (1867) 891— Apium sect. Il Petroselinum
Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 174. Pimpinella § 5 Apium O. Ktze. in Post et O. Ktze. Lex. gen.
phaner. (1904) 139, ex. p.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow-green or whitish, often with
reddish tinge, cordate at base, notched, with long inward curved lobe;
stylopodium short-conical; stigma capitate; fruit ovoid, slightly com-
pressed laterally, rounded or obscurely cordate at base, slightly constricted
* Greek petroselinon, Dioscorides’ name for parsley, from the Greek petros-— stone, rock; sélinon —
wreath, referring to the use of the plant in the making of wreaths.
268
along commissure, appearing geminate; mericarps with 5 filiform ribs,
canals single under valleculae, 2 toward commissure. Albumen flat.
Biennial, rarely annual herbs, with 2—3 pinnate leaves and yellowish-
green or whitish petals.
Three species in W. and S. Europe, of which 1 universally cultivated.
ef4 1. P. crispum (Mill.) Nym. Consp. Fl. europ. (1879) 309, pro syn. —
P. hortense Hoffm. Gen. pl. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 163, nom. nud.;
Viorony ii Hy eYugco—Viost. Vij 9000 — i, higme bemisie | vauen ie ils) pm)
Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl. (1924) 564; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228
ez Nosh es sativum rotim lac. (86) Wie) ingindice:syBouss shi.
omy lly GSTS) Sitanellee PUM BOATS es elev wliaay Wels Cues) ob lion Gaud.
Dl. Bicikrs MWD) Moss DOM eirocha, Uy (ALSO) 1025 = IPs Seley wan “Sule
aici sy pullmdl | Cossn et. Gemma hla inv. earatcheda 2u(laGlN\Zo4n
P. sativum var. vulgare Alef. Landwirtsch. Fl. (1866) 152. —
Pr ww lew eo) Sy im, iCheay ) Wen, Aieies Ieholi, eile Ie (Gleail)) S256 — le, lee) =
a inwiien Shee, llores lovee, els 4 (Ues0)) 2a ex joo we 1&5 MN aV@e eiante ek
icine ie Til Socw Nata Noses Welles sa)GiOk) MeciisasEEl RO Ssisn lise 2A72.;
Wiolttian Enel.) Pilanzenr, IV 1228 (192%),68.— P. petroselanum Karst.
Fl. Deutschl. (1880-1883) 831.— Apium Petroselinum L. Sp. pl.
(1753) 264.— A. Petroselinum var. crispum Willm. Enum. PI.
Hort. Kew. (1798) 16.— A. Petroselinum @. angustifolium et
Ve Cicis pitolaum Hayne, Getr. Darst. us Beschr. Anzn)GebriGewachse
(LEBL) ToS BY Sie S erbican IIL Creel Diets Gl EY (GUS) INGOs Bo — ANS Wel
Poli win WNT Teer aiaehy SNe 7 wee S Mien inl, pieeines; INI (W778)
ee haven umes Salish. iGodic. (i796) GOR AL aae Onaal nua Zuec a gal
impuoecm= Colleet. (1809) 1355 — —@ a. um) Pert mojsjedagnimima) Bemthe yim
Benth wert Hook.f. Gen. pl. G67 )58 Ol 7 Ces ket a. o/s ie) ismiuians avjeties
Gris pum Beck, Hi Niederosternie.. Ii(l892)5621 )—.Siel mulms seit Gor
Selene Ee lee Kerause sine Stumm sek lhe Deuts clalps eds Ape clin (lo /4) silky
ieee IRCaloy ISP Mls (Eee LOC Ag Wa:
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root fusiform, sometimes much thick-
ened; stem 30—100 cm high, branching from middle, branches opposite or
whorled, usually exceeding central umbel; leaves dark green, shiny above;
radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, 2—3-pinnate, with obovate
trifid or cuneate deeply dentate lobes, the teeth obtuse, with small whitish
mucro; upper leaves ternate, with lanceolate-linear, entire or trifid lobes.
Umbels of 10—20 nearly equal glabrous rays; involucre 1—2-leaved, involu-
cels of 6—8 linear or linear-subulate leaflets subtending the rays for
half their length; petals ca. 0.75mm long; fruit grayish-brown, broadly
ovoid, 2.5-3mm long, 2mm wide. June—July.
Cultivated in gardens and locally escaped almost throughout the USSR,
375 with the exception of the extreme north. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and
| ANGEL ere IMiaGl~ BEVIN SNe Witian” Ineetal) “bavel-Sishtioays “aeyo-.—(Claes INls enatel (S$), /eyaol
West Indies, N. and S. Africa, Australia, ete. Described from Sardinia.
Type in London.
Economic importance. All parts of the plant have a pungent taste and
very pleasant aroma, and it is therefore used in cooking. The herb contains
85% water, 3.66% nitrogeneous substances, 0.72% oil, 0.75% sugar, 6.69%
nitrogen-free extractive substances, 1.86% ash, traces of essential oil
269
376
(0.06—0.08%), etc. The fruit contains 2—6% essential oil, the main compo-
nent being apiol, and 22% fatty oil. The cultivated roots reach 15cm in
length and 5cm in thickness; they are also eaten as a vegetable.
Genus 1000. SISON *« L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 252
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals whitish, rounded, deeply notched,
with inward lobe; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, taper-
ing toward commissure, geminate; stylopodium short-conical; mericarps
with 5 filiform ribs; canals single under valleculae, extending over half
the length of mericarps nearly claviform; carpophore 2-partite; albumen
flat toward commissure. Biennial herbs, with branching stem and 2-pinnate
leaves.
Two species, one European, the other known from Asia Minor.
i... S. amomum “ly Sp: \pl.. (1753) 252¢) Boiss) Pll ons) il, tos -eG@cocscms
Fl. Kavk. Ill, 154.— S. heterophyllus Moench, Meth. (1794) 97.—
S. erectum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 165.— Cicuta Amomum Craniz,
Cl. Umbell. Emend. (1767) 96.— Seseli Amomum Scop. Fl. Carniol.
edi 25h (i221 5, — Sittm ~Amm‘omium: Roth, ent.) bles €ecrenaessiegee
(1789) 336.— S. aromaticum Lam. Fl. France, III (1778) 458. —
Apium Amomum Car. in Parlat. Fl. ital. VIII (1884) 466.— Ic.: Rehb.
le, IML Gera, OXI, welds IMse).
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root thinly fusiform; stem 30—100 cm
high, erect, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, branching, lower leaves long-
petioled, simple-pinnate, with 3—4 lobes, these subsessile, ovate-oblong,
acute or obtuse, 5cm long, 1.8cm wide, unequally incised-dentate; median
cauline leaves bipinnate, their primary lobes pinnatisect into elliptic-
lanceolate or lanceolate usually dentate lobes; upper leaves small, sessile
on scarious-rimmed, triangular sheath, lobes of the last order narrowly
linear, entire. Umbels on peduncles, numerous terminal and axillary, of
4—6 glabrous rays; involucre and involucels of 2—5 short linear-subulate
leaflets with narrow scarious margins; umbellets 10-flowered; pedicels
unequal, some longer than, some several times as long as fruit, the others
reduced or nearly obsolete; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals whitish,
ca. 0.75 mm long, subrounded, broadly and deeply incised with inward lobe,
abruptly tapering to short claw; fruit broadly ovoid, 3mm long, 2.5mm
wide, compressed laterally, blackening when ripe. July—August.
Shrubby formations. — Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Atl. Eur.,
W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from England. Type in London.
Economic importance. The leaves and fruit are used as a spice by
virtue of their unique taste and aroma.
* Greek sison or sinon — Dioscorides' name for this spice and officinal plant, originally from Syria.
270
| tate
Genus 1001. CICUTA®* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 255.— Cicutaria Lam. Fl. franc. III] (1778) 445; Rupr. Fl. ingr., 432.— Kera-
scomion Raf. New Fl. Amer. IV (1836) 21
Calyx with foliate, broadly triangular teeth; petals white, obovate,
tapering at base, notched, with narrow inward curved lobe; fruit rounded,
compressed laterally, slightly tapering along commissure, appearing
nearly geminate; mericarps obtusely pentagonal in cross section, with
5 flat thick obtuse main ribs, the lateral forming the edge of the meri-
carps; mesocarp spongy; canals single under valleculae, 2 toward com-
missure. Stylopodium pulvinate; styles long, thin, recurved; stigma
capitate; albumen subrounded, subcylindrical, slightly thickened toward
commissure; carpophore 2-partite. Perennials, with 2—4-pinnate leaves,
flourishing at the edges of swamps and rivers.
Up to 20 species, mainly in N. America, one widespread in Europe and
Asia.
lle Cg tatoos iin Sos ol (758) S6Ges wkclo, Ty WRosisig) Wil 24s. Abuieere
IP la IOP Claas lly Ase | Slave tI, Why Selog nw IKjoleOley wine 1hies WAWAs a IOS.
Sav ChIZU) 4 Grosse. Hin Kaye ii hod tay, Hl Zap. sib. VE,
2023) — CC. cellulosa Gilib, Pl lithuan, 11 (1782) 36-.— C. angusti —
foldna Kit. im Sehults @esterrs ME ‘ed. 2) m1 el4) sib: "©. stenuitolia
Froel. apud Schrank in Denkschr. Acad. Muench. VII (1818) 56. —
GC ragiwatiea Duns Ploculn beloss(ie2 7) tie Ca pumila, Belam. an
BoOmmeNot (luca) loOn— Cs nom lemtialis Deg met balda ima iMhermesz.
Kove Potiuz. XOOvl (S96) 3387— CVsachwalimensis Kordze HES Symib:.
Orient. Asiat. (1930) 44.— Sium Cicuta Web. in Wigg. Prim. Fl.
Holsat(l780)) 24, — Cicutariva aquatica Wam- Hil trang, Wil 7 73)
445.— C. virosa Delarb. Fl. Auv. ed. 2 (1800) 415.— Coriandrum
Cimemia kota Rent) Hil (Germ l (7es) 130. — Selainune vireo wml
E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. 2 Aufl. XII (1904) 44.— Ic.: Yadovit.
Iie ae past. (1950) L275 120 ke= Poly in hil Aze Ross. DOV tie. 1,
Ve Casi t)— ses G. i. He No. oo:
Perennial; rhizome in the spring cylindrical, solid, becoming in the fall
oblong, hollow and divided by transverse septa into separate chambers;
entire plant glabrous; stem hollow, fistular, cylindrical, thinly sulcate,
50—150 cm high, with more or less long roots in lower nodes, branching
above; leaves on more or less long petioles, 2-pinnate to the lower leaves
nearly 3-pinnate; primary leaflets on petiolules, secondary sessile, the
terminal lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, acutely toothed mar-
gins, 2—8cm long,2—8mm wide. Umbels of 10—20(25) smooth rays; in-
volucre absent or of 1—2 leaflets; involucels of 8—12 linear-lanceolate or
linear glabrous leaflets, slightly shorter than pedicels; petals white,
broadly obovate, with inward curved tip; fruit nearly ovoid, 1.5—2 mm long,
with thick ribs, cordate at base. June—August.
Hypnum-sedge, peat, shrubby and herbaceous bogs, horsetail thickets,
shores of lakes, swampy beds of rivers and streams, alder groves. —
Arctic: An.; European part: all regions except for the Crimea; Caucasus:
* From the Greek kiein — to be hollow, referring to the hollow, fistular stem.
271
378
aig)
W.Transc. (Abkhazia); W. Siberia: everywhere; E. Siberia; everywhere;
Far East: everywhere; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Syr D., T.Sh. Gen. distr.:
seand., Centr. and Atl.BMur., Bal. (very rarely), Mone. Jap y—Ch.
Described from European bogs. ‘Type in London.
Economic importance. Cicuta virosa is a poisonous plant. Its
roots have a spicy odor and slightly sweet taste. When cut they exude a
pale yellow, highly toxic, resinous juice that darkens in contact with air
and causes intense poisoning (50% fatal). The poison acts very fast, in
45 minutes to 1 hour, producing epileptic convulsions, dizziness, drowsi-
ness, a sense of intoxication, dilation of pupils, a burning sensation in the
abdomen, nausea, thirst, paralysis of the tongue, difficulty in swallowing
and breathing, convulsions and death. Post-mortem discloses swelling
and gangrenous phenomena in the region of the stomach and intestines, as
well as dilated vessels in the region of the brain. To counter the poison
weak doses of acetic acid, black coffee, mustard plasters on the back and
shoulders and other revulsive agents and stimulants are applied.
The main poisonous agent in the root and, to a lesser degree, in the
vegetative parts as well is '"'cicutoxin"' (0.2% in fresh herbs, 3.5% in dried
matter), a tarry substance insoluble in petroleum ether, and the alkaloid
"cicutine,'' which has not as yet been sufficiently investigated. The her-
bage on pastureland and in hay is likewise poisonous to cattle. According
to available data 400 g of hay of Cicuta virosa L. is enough to kill
a horse.
The essential oil obtained from the fruits of C. virosa L. contains
mainly cumic aldehyde and cymene. The dried fruits yield 0.12—0.36%,
containing terpenes (C,)H,,). The green parts also contain essential oil.
Note. The plant shows considerable variation throughout its extensive
distribution area. The typical form — var. classica K.-Pol. (Fl. Az.
Ross. XV (1920) 15) — has lanceolate-linear, terminal lobes 4—5 cm long,
6—10mm wide; those of var. latisecta Celak. (Prodr. Fl. Bohem.
(1875) 563) are large, oblong-ovate, 10-12 cm long, ca. 2.5cm wide; var.
tenuifolia (Froel.) Koch (Synops. Fl. Germ. (1837) 282) is smaller, its
narrow leaves (1—3 mm wide) have subentire lobules.
Genus 1002. TRACHYSPERMUM * Link
Link, Enum. Horti Berol. I (1821) 267.- Ammios Moench, Meth. (1794) 99.— Phymatis E. Meyer
in Drege, Zwei Pfl. Docum. (1843) 211.— Tragiopsis Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 139, non Karst.
(1859). — Ptychotis sect. Trachyspermum DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 108. — Carum sect. Trachy -
spermum Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. pl. (1867) 891; Baill. Dict. bot. IV (1892) 208.
Calyx-teeth conspicuous, ovate, thickish, obtuse; petals white, deeply
obcordate, notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit ovoid, tapering toward
apex, obscurely cordate at base, densely covered with whitish vesicular
papillae; main ribs obtuse, protruding; valleculae with 1 canal; stylo-
podium conical; styles barely longer than stylopodium, recurved; stigma
capitate. Annuals, with 2—3-pinnate leaves with narrow, sometimes seti-
form lobes; involucre multifoliate.
About 7 species, from Africa to the East Indies.
“ From the Greek trachys — rough, sperma — seed.
272.
i he amma (i) Sprague in Kew Bulls (o279)\"228e—) leo p tale tim
ink Hnume ple HortiBeroling I (82) 269h—""Sis'onm Amami 1 “ee Spr
ple Clijas) 2o24— Amami Co pitt cum woeVante \(iiG7)\) 56. —. Apa ua
Aviga ian | (Crean, Sule. yAwisties Cl Ik, 3 (L7G) Og, = IS Wisi wien © 2 1e © sa) eyes =
qui ie Mante alta (vii) 2038s = Daluteu siveomita cus) Mame (neve
(1783) 635.— D. anisodorus Blanco, Fl. Filipp. ed. 2 (1845) 150. —
Ammios muricata Moench, Meth. (1794) 99.— Seseli foenicula-
Cetin Org LmMeyele mVala GS OC)MlSnm— let omsaiic tera MAC anwea tony kvosxto)
Cxeilcnnine nese ves. Grossey. Hl. i (Gar iimpeiha Meramreseey
Lange in Willk. et Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. Ill, 1 (1874) 92.— Selinum
faleanrianE. Hk, «Krause in Sturm, F1.;Deutsehl, 2) Autla san (aga)
45.— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. Gub. IV (1914) 136.— Exs.: G.R.F.
No. 516.
Biennial; plant more or less glaucous; root fusiform, straight; stem
30—60 cm high, branching, like radical leaves glabrous or with very short
velutinous hairs beneath, glabrous above; leaves subcoriaceous, the radical
long-petioled, entire or ternate; lower cauline leaves simple or biternate,
15—25 cm long; primary lobes long-petioled, the secondary sessile, the
terminal secondary lobes usually 3-partite, with linear-lanceolate, 5—10 cm
long, 3—8 mm wide lobules, often with cartilaginous, acuminate denticles
and subulate-acuminate tip; upper cauline leaves less compound, with
sheathed petioles. Umbels numerous, of 5—10 smooth, nearly equal rays
arranged in nearly corymbiform panicle; involucre and involucels of
4—8 unequal, linear-subulate leaflets; fruit oblong-linear, 3—4 mm long,
1mm wide. July—August.
Steppes, shrubs, forest edges, roadsides, meadows, weed among crops. —
European part; Lad.-Ilm., Balt., U.Dnp., M.Dnp., U.V., V.-Kama, V.Don,
Transy., Uns. Bes. (?)) Bi. L) Don, Li: Ve; Crim; Caucasusevcia— as
where; W.Siberia: U. Tob;, Irt., Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh.;
276
385
Dzu-Tarb. (Kopal), T.Sh.(W.), Pam.-Al., Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. Gen.
distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As.Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran.,
introduced into N.Afr., N. and S.Am. Described from Wertheim. Type
in Berlin.
Economic importance. Sometimes a weed of crops, mostly of spring
crops.
2.. F. falearioides (Bornm. et Wolff) Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV,
228 (1927) 132.— Pimpinella falcarioides Bornm. et Wolff in
Verhandl. zool-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, LX (1910) 117.— Scaligeria
falcarioides Hausskn. in Herb. ex Bornm. et Wolff, 1. c.
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root thick, turnip-shaped; stems
30—45cm high; single, slightly branching; radical leaves with thickish
flattened, 2—3 cm long petioles, expanding to short narrow sheath, blade
stiff, entire, very rarely with 2 short leaflets or 1 ovate-cordate leaflet
at base, ovate-oblong or linear-oblong, obscurely cordate or cordate at
base, short-acuminate, 2—5 cm long, 0.6—2.5 cm wide, with cartilaginous
serriform-dentate margin, with small teeth, appearing scabrous with very
short antrorse mucro under magnification; cauline leaves reduced to
sheath or with very small 3-partite or pinnatisect blade and linear lobes.
Umbels 2—4 cm across, of 5—8 rounded smooth unequal rays; involucre
and involucels absent; umbellets 12-flowered, ca. 1.ecm across, with thick-
ish pedicels; petals white, rounded, ca. 1.5mm long, notched to 2-lobed;
fruit glabrous, ovoid, distinctly compressed laterally, ca. 3mm long;
stylopodium short-conical, styles recurved, nearly twice as long as stylo-
podium. July. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 3.)
Solonetzic meadows. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (near Gilli Lake). Gen.
distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from near Lake Urmia
and Akhmedabad. Type in Vienna.
Genus 1006. CARUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 263.— Carvi Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 4 (1754). - Careum Adans. Fam. II (1763) 95.—
Lomatocarum Fisch. et Mey. Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. VI (1840) 17, 59.— Selinopsis Coss. et Dur.
ex Munby, Cat. pl. Alger. ed. 1 (1859) 13.— Anisactis Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrén. (1867) 347. -— Bunium
Sect. Carum Godr. in Gren. et Godr. Fl. Fr. I (1848) 729.— Carum Sect.I Eucarum Boiss. Fl. or. II
(1872) 878.— Apium Caruel in Parl. Fl. ital. VIIT (1889) 424, ex p.— Apium Sect. IV Carum Calest.
in Webbia, I (1905) 175.— Pimpinella § 1. Carum O. Ktze. in Post et Ktze. Lex. gen. pl. (1904) 439
Flowers bisexual or partly staminate; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals white, pink or red, rounded-obovate, deeply notched, with inward
curved lobe; stylopodium pulvinate, with flattened undulant margin; styles
thin, elongate; recurved stigma capitate; fruit oblong, slightly compressed
laterally; ribs obtuse; valleculae broad, with 1 canal, 2 canals toward
commissure; carpophore parted in upper part. Perennials or biennials,
with bi- or tri-pinnate leaves; umbels with or without involucre and involu-
cels.
Up to 30 species in Europe and Asia.
* t z ,
Greek karos or karon — Dioscorides' name for an umbelliferous plant, whose fruits, like those of
coriander, were used in medicine. According to Pliny, the name is derived from Caria in Asia Minor,
supposed to produce the best cumin. An alternative derivation refers to kara or kar — head.
AT)
386
Les) Tnveluere sor 39 leatilet sie eos yh SU ee oe Pome, IDAER AEH ee aa Bi
sty Involucre absent or 1 of 1—2 caducous leaflets .............. 4.
2. Leaflets of involucre erect, often pinnately or ternately incised;
stems leafless or with 1—2 leaves; umbel of 4-7 rays ............
Tite. GURCAER TEs ORE amir fe ee RSet ey Gre renee Ors 6. C. caucasicum (M.B.) Boiss.
ts Leaflets of involucre reflexed, narrowly linear or filiform, always
entire; stems with 2—5 leaves; umbel usually of 7—14, rarely fewer
LAYS a US aoe AP en ew notice Gr OmeGe tn ae oy 0s a Cee MeseNe CON: eater eee ee rr 3.
3. Leaves 2- or 3-pinnatisect, with thin linear lobes ..............
Pack Rage Go thar 1 ae age ae Pade rs i ot 7. C. meifolium (M.B.) Boiss.
ats Leaves simple-pinnate, leaflets obcuneate-dentate above ...........
2 olde MIO ce amen Reena ie eee Tee c 8. C. grossheimii Schischk.
Leaves on stem absent or 1—2; high-mountain plant of the Caucasus
Rican ye ge RRC RaM Barc vo OS Bs oeeMoee Bean TaReRT ie 6. C. caucasicum (M.B.) Boiss.
a heaves on stenr 2° orvseveral {2s . i. Gis chs Woke che Ween 5).
5.) dnvolucels absent (ki etite: c caamea ae ae rs ete take cee ete 6.
ts Involucelsof 2) to: many (leaflets! se: ee 2 ey Se Us
6. Umbel rays unequal, especially in fruit; fruit aromatic; sheath of
upper deaves“noticoloreds. <2 sire Gems le. ee eee liv SCS Catsyvar TL.
ts Umbel rays nearly equal; fruit not aromatic; sheath of upper leaves
usually with purple margins ye sts. te he PR
a at Nate ie 6 Se A eal rs a8 oO 2. C. porphyrocoleon (Freyn et Sint.) Woron
tj) Unbelhrays scabrous. i) SOPs Ae a Pie eae ee ee 8.
Ts Umbel Trays glabrous 5. Se a 2 ee ee ee 8)
8. Leaflets of involucels setiform; leaves geniculately curved beneath . .
Rp mere on rey WE. Sey Rae Se 3. C. alpinum (M. 8B.) Benth. et Hook.
ste Leaflets of involucels lanceolate-linear; leaves erect ...........
Es, ea PTE MSR os on Racotnta la” RE ERG ile Man GRRE Mer UR RTS MS wen eee on 4. C. saxicolum Alb.
94» Umbel rays lO (Ej Siberia) <..022 eee 10. C. buriaticum: Tirez.
“ri OMAN Beas 45 LOW PUR ww Be PRR aM ae ee iO):
10. Leaves thinly dissected, terminal lobules linear or lanceolate-linear,
Cala all aataal waicler(C eta eAvcital))-: 0 ke 9. C. atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir.
+ Terminal leaf lobes ovate, 3—4mm wide (Caucasus); styles 2—3 times
ASMONS? AStS ty lO pe camry es: i Pay ae Pee 5. C. komarovii Karjag.
pection 1. ‘CARVI DC. Prodr.. IV (1830) 115.—"Carum Secea= ae
ecarwum, Boiss. Hl wor. Il (872) 879; ex p.— i Carumsecia, a ws iisere.
mia Drudein E.—P. Natirl. Pflanzenfam. II], 7—8 (1898) 192.—
Biennial or perennial herbs, with vertical fusiform root or creeping rhizome;
leaves usually pinnatisect into linear-lanceolate lobules; canals single under
valleculae; petals white or pink.
Series 1. Carea Schischk.— Involucre and involucels absent.
ip °C. carvi LeeSpaypl. (753) 263: idbw Hisskoss.) ll, 2a oRamleiigers.
Fl vbaic.-dahur. 1, 471; Shmial'g:, (Pl, 1, 9304) VKhryl., YE Zaps. oloseavelle
20795— €. decws satum.~Gilib. Hl. lithwan. Wl 782)93 5— Cy ase omar
tieum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 169.—.C:,officinale S. F. Gray, Nat.
278
| Seat
388
ace eae ple re hs2t\a5 lo. Cerosed tims Wore in wes ot. Waste
sen ie (8983) 21d.) A paul: Vcarvi (Grantiz, Cl sUmibelliiaa(i76 7) 103. —
Slecste Mane ae wmEerscops Hl. Cagmioly Eda 2m I(itai2)) itor Sa Ceamteayy
Lam. Fl. Fr. III (1778) 431; Encycl. VII (1806) 136; Spreng. in Schult.
Syst. VI(1820) 414.— Sium carum Weber in Wigg. Prim. Fl. Holsat.
Cl7gO pete —FS.me a avy i Bernhs Syst. Verzelchns Pei \ (s00)) iis. —
Mio Mmste ume an Vl itoth. nent. ile Germ iiss) plz Ave pio =
podium carum Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. (1799) 199.— Bunium
Comvin Me Be bit itaursseaues I(1808) 21 —soremjeniiuim, e ary 1
Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. I (1821) 284.— Falcaria carvifolia
C. A. M. Beitr. Pflanzk. Russ. Reich. 1 (1844) 14.— Pimpinella
Carvi Jessen, Deutsche Excursionsfl. (1879) 191.— Carvi careum
Bubanit wole Py ren. ll (h900) sa27— oe nung ca ray) He Eiegie, sikecause
in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 407.— Ic.: Syreishch., Ill. Fl.
Mosk. gub. (1907) 401.
Perennial or biennial; entire plant glabrous; root fusiform or cylin-
drical, fleshy; stem erect, 30—80cm high; branching in upper part; leaves
oblong, the lower long-petioled, the upper on short petioles expanding to
sheath, with white or pink-membranous margin; leaf blade 2 or nearly
3-pinnate, 6—15cm long, 2—8cm wide; primary lobes sessile, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, cut into lanceolate-linear or sublinear acute, 3—7mm
long, 1—1.5mm wide lobules. Umbels 4—8cm across, of 8—16 unequal
glabrous rays; involucre absent or of 1—2 leaflets; umbellets ca. 1 cm
across; involucels absent; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or
pink, broadly obovate, ca. 1.5mm long; styles recurved; fruit ca. 4mm
long, 2.6mm wide. June—July.
Meadows, sometimes solonetzic, thinned coniferous or mixedforests or
along forest edges, near roads, dwellings and weeds infields, to 4,000 m. —
European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., Balt., V.-Kama, U.Dnp.,
Me Dips Veave- Done Dns. bes-; Bil, ba Don Lransw.,) Catiensus- every -—
where; W. Siberia: everywhere; E.Siberia: everywhere; Far East:
Kamen: Centres Asia: Dzu-Tarbs, —Pesh.. Pam.—All, Min? Gurkm. Gen:
distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., N.Afr., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd.,
Iran., Sinkien, Mong., Him. Introduced in N. America, New Zealand.
Described from N. Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. Caraway has been cultivated in Europe since
the time of the pile-dwellings. It is currently grown in the USSR, Finland,
Germany, Norway and Holland. The fruit has a unique aroma and is used
in cooking; the crushed or mashed fruit yields 3.1—7% essential oil by
distillation with steam. This is colorless at first; in the course of preser-
vation it turns yellowish, and develops the typical odor and spicy taste of
caraway. Fifty—sixty percent of the oil is a ketone — "'carvone.'' In addi-
tion there is also 35 to 55% of a terpene — "limonene" (C,,H,,). Caraway
oil is used in the manufacture of soap and in liquor and vodka. The cake
obtained after the extraction of oil contains 14—16% fat and 20—25% pro-
tein, and is a possible source of technical fatty oil; the waste products are
a good feed for cattle.
Michurin's agrobiology led to the introduction of caraway into the USSR,
as an annual crop with a harvest of 710kg per ha, not inferior to that of the
biennial. This is a fine achievement, as an annual harvest replaces a
biennial one (Sots. zemled. No.122 24 V 1950).
279
WAV, i
Ry,
Z
a
San) y)
if
SN) Vp WY Zz
WyZ he WANE
zy yn NY AZ
(we sUNge
SSG BG Pe
Wi eee
Ye
\ \
IZ. WHIZ NAS
aye We
< ( NS
\
PLATE XXVI. 1—Carum buriaticum Turez.; 2— C.atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir.; a= (CG, Call =
casicum (M. B.) Boiss.
280
2. C. porphyrocoleon (Freyn et Sint.) Woron. in Sched. ad Herb. FI.
@Gaue. tase..21;, No. 523,(1931) momen,—, Canium | Leucoe ol com (Bx
porphyrocoleon Freyn et Sint. in Sint. It. orient. (1894) No. 7274. —
lBpxSig2 Islerelo, Jeils Cae, IN@, S282 Siliar,” Ik, Oieleia, INO. (2745.
Biennial or perennial; root ascending, fusiformly thickened, straight;
stem single, 15—45 cm high, erect, branching from middle or only above
the branches, obliquely ascending, stem and leaves glabrous; radical leaves
1—2, ovate-oblong, usually early withering, the petioles nearly as long as
blade, gradually passing to oblong sheath, total length 6—10 cm long, 2—4cm
wide, their blade tripinnatisect into linear, sometimes subfiliform lobules,
3—5 mm long, 0.3—0.5mm wide; cauline leaves few, similar to the radical,
upper leaves smaller, sessile on amplexicaul sheath, with membranous,
usually violet-colored margins. Umbels of 5—11 glabrous slightly unequal
or nearly equal rays; involucre and involucres absent; petals white, ca.
1 mm long, deeply notched, with short inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 4-5 mm
long, 2—2.5 mm wide, without the aroma of caraway; stylopodium conical;
styles recurved, slightly longer than stylopodium. July.
Mountain meadows, sometimes dampish meadows.— Caucasus: W. and
E. Transc.(W.). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from vicinity of
Bakuriani. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Alpina Schischk.— Involucels present, involucre absent.
Umbel rays scabrous.
3. C. alpinum (M.B.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. I (1867) 891.—
Cay oma oe agua eBoiss-7 Flesors Ihe) 829s sErosse.ehMlawkayke 11,
oie Cea NiO in antiO) Ca Tsay avaie, §haula Tobias Sommanch lev -mineghies Sot:
Sada, XVI (1900) 179.— Seseli alpinum M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808)
236.— Lomatocarum alpinum Fisch. et Mey. Ind. VI sem. Horti
eteopoles (L840). di/-Ldbi sl. Rossel, 262) —ixsay Herb hl: «Caner
INos EG.)
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root ascending, 0.5cm thick; stems
10—45 cm high, single, thin, cylindrical, simple or branching; leaves with
geniculately curved blade, radical leaves ovate, 8—18cm long, 5—10 cm
wide, 2—3-pinnatisect, their petioles long, thin, abruptly passing to sheath
with broad white-scarious margin, primary lobes ovate, thin-petioluled,
often recurved, secondary lobes broadly ovate, sessile, pinnatifid into
lanceolate or linear, 5—8 mm long, 0.5—3 mm wide lobules; terminal lob-
ules longer, upper leaves 1—3cm long. Umbels 3—8cm across, of 8—14
unequal rays acutely scabrous inside; involucre absent or of 1—2 narrowly
linear leaflets; umbellets ca. 1 cm across, with scabrous pedicels; involu-
cels of 4—5 unequal setiform leaflets, the longest nearly as long as umbellet
or longer; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, ca. 1mm long, ovate,
notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 4mm long, 2mm wide, with
narrowly winged ribs; stylopodium conical; styles much longer than stylo-
podium, reflexed. July—August.
Mountain fir, spruce and mixed pine-birch forests, alpine meadows and
rocks. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transc. (Greater Caucasus).
Endemic. Described from Kaishaur Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
281
392
Note. Plants growing in shady fir and spruce forests have lanceolate
or narrowly ovate terminal lobes, those growing in open habitats have
linear lobes.
4. C. saxicolum’ Alb. in Tr. Tifl. -Bot. sada,-1 (1895)10234° Grassam
EL Wavd<. Sor:
Perennial; root vertical, branching above; stem and leaves glabrous,
slightly branching, curved, 12—20cm high; radical leaves long-petioled,
lanceolate-oblong, 4—6 cm long, 1.2—1.5 cm wide, bipinnatisect with lance-
olate-linear, acute, protruding nerves, lobules 1—5 mm long, 0.5—1 mm wide,
with inward rolled margins; lower cauline leaves simple or bipinnate,
much shorter than the radical, petioles much shorter, with inflated sheath;
upper cauline leaves with few lobes sessile on sheath or reduced to sheath.
Umbels of 8—10 unequal scabrous rays; involucre absent or of 1—2 linear
or lanceolate leaflets; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate-linear or linear-subulate
acute leaflets as long as umbellet or shorter, with scarious margin; fruit
(immature) with narrowly winged ribs; stylopodium short-conical; styles
longer than stylopodium, reflexed. August.
Limestone rocks in alpine belt, ca. 2,000 m.— Caucasus: W. Transc.
(Migariya Mountain). Endemic. Described from Migariya Mountain.
Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
Series 3. Komaroviana Schischk.— Involucels present. Lobes of the
last order ovate or cuneate-rhombic.
5. C. komarovii Karjag. in Izv. Azerb. Fil. AN SSSR, 10 (1944) 48.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root ascending, 4—5 mm thick in upper
part; stem single or few, 15—45 cm high, its base with cinnamon-brown
leaf remnants, branching nearly from base, with few obliquely ascending
branches; radical leaves on long petioles expanding to sheath with scarious
margin, leaves oblong-ovate, nearly bipinnatisect, with petiole 4-18 cm long,
2—5cm wide; lobes of the first order 3(4) pairs, petioluled, tapering above;
upper pair of lobes sessile or subsessile, the lower divided into 5, the upper ~
into 3 lobes of the second order (the lower pair is petioluled); secondary
lobes ovate or cuneate-rhombic, unevenly incised-dentate, usually with 2
deeper incisions, the ovate obtuse lobules or teeth terminated by a carti-
laginous mucro, green above, paler beneath, with distinctly protruding net-
work of nerves; terminal segments deeply tripartite; cauline leaves 1-3,
much smaller than the radical, the petiole expanding to sheath with scarious |
margin, often tightly pressed to stem; lower leaves (1—2) similar to the
radical, smaller, but with fewer usually also narrower secondary lobes or
simple-pinnatisect; the upper leaves reduced, ternate, with nearly entire
narrow lobes, the terminal elongate, linear or narrowly lanceolate; involucre’
absent or of 1 linear leaflet; involucels of 2—4 narrowly linear or subulate- |
leaflets. Umbel of 5—10 unequal, sharply faceted, nearly winged rays slightly
cartilaginous-dentate above, like rays of umbellets compressed in fruit;
umbellets of (5)7—11(14) rays, the central nearly half the length of the mar-
ginal or all rays of some umbellets short; marginal flowers in umbellets
bisexual, the central staminate; calyx-teeth absent; petals ca. 1mm long,
|
;
|
282
393 white, obovate, cordately notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit oblong-
elliptic, 4—5mm long, strongly compressed laterally, glabrous, brown,
slightly shiny; mericarps often (when one abortive) falcate, with 5 thin
acute, prominent nearly winged whitish ribs and broad valleculae; oil
tubes in valleculae and commissure, filiform, slightly flexuous, interrupted,
irregular in number (2—6 in valleculae); styles reflexed in fruit, nearly
twice as long as obtusely conical stylopodium. July.
Taluses and stony slopes, alpine belt at 2,000—3,000 m.— Caucasus:
E. and §. Transc. Endemic. Described from Koshkar-Dag Mountain.
Type in Baku.
Series 4. Caucasica Schischk. — Involucre and involucels present.
High-mountain plants of the Caucasus.
Opecemcaucasicumy (NM b).) Boiss wil, olla (lS 2) 880m iGircosseesy Hille
Kaw. IQUL L5G, Co latinawle Boiss, Er Iseul, aval Ixolss, TG wre, Il, isle
nom. insynon.— Laserpitium caucasicum M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc.
(CES OS) P222) 1 @ wa Gaius cate ntel ium WM. Ba He jars — Cauca Il, e119)
ZiBs IDC, roche, IW, Wess Ibclo, Il, OSs, WL 2I4.—= Co yemogumn IDYC.
1. c. 152, non Koch, quo ad plant. cauc.
Perennial; root long, vertical, narrowly fusiform, 0.3—0.7 cm thick;
stems 4—35cm high, single or few, ascending or erect, simple, rarely
branching, leafless or with 1—3 leaves; petioles of radical leaves as long
as or Slightly shorter than blades, expanding to sheath, their blades oblong,
2.5—9cm long, 1—3 cm wide, nearly bipinnatisect; primary lobes 4—7 pairs,
sessile, broadly ovate, pinnatifid into obcuneate lanceolate or linear, entire
or deeply dentate lobules; cauline leaves, if present, sessile on dilated,
slightly inflated amplexicaul sheath with scarious margins. Umbels
1.5—3 cm across, of 4—7 unequal glabrous rays; involucre of 1—3 entire
or pinnate, sometimes ternately incised, usually straight leaflets, rarely
involucre absent; umbellets 4-8 mm across, with glabrous pedicels; in-
volucels of 5—6 lanceolate-linear, broadly scarious usually antrorse leaf-
lets, shorter than or nearly as long as rays; petals white, ca. 1mm long,
notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 3mm long, 1.5mm wide;
stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium. July.
(Plate XXVI, Figure 3.)
Alpine meadows, old moraines, 2,500—3,300 m.— Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag., E., W. and S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Pontus Range. Described
from Kaishaur Mountain in the Main Range. Type in Leningrad.
(nC ameitolium (MB s)y Boiss. Pt orl (len2 )'880:) Grosse., we
Kavice Lit oo. —* © mild wha imei ol ium! Wie Be el, vaurs—cauc. TIL
(CEES) P23 Can ercodranl Vi, aloo.) sleds aaa eRioscn ller2 64225 @ ae mal
dente nwim Boss.) in Ann. "se. Nat.3) Ser. ‘Bot. il (le44)13%:
Biennial or perennial; entire plant glabrous; root fusiform, 0.6—1 cm
thick above, gradually tapering below; stem single, 10—40 cm high, straight,
branching in upper half or nearly from base; radical leaves early wither-
ing, their petioles gradually tapering to long sheath with scarious margin,
their blades ovate, 2.5—4cm long, 1.5—2.5 cm wide, bipinnatisect into linear
283
395
acute, 3—10mm long, ca. 0.5—1 mm wide lobules; upper leaves similar,
smaller, sessile on oblong sheath.
Umbels 2.5—3.5cm across, of 6—14 glabrous slightly unequal ribbed
rays; involucre of 7—11 lanceolate-subulate or linear leaflets, usually
reflexed; umbellets ca. 1cm across; pedicels glabrous; involucels of
5—7 unequal narrowly linear or filiform reflexed leaflets; petals white
or pink, ca. 1.5mm long, rounded, cuneately tapering at base, notched, with
inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 4mm long, 2mm wide; ribs thickish, pro- |
truding; stylopodium short-conical, styles divergent, longer than stylo- |
podium. June—July.
Subalpine and alpine meadows, 2,200—3,000 m.— Caucasus: Greater
Caucasus, Dag., E., W. and S. Transe. Endemic. Described from the
Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
8. C. grossheimii Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. XXXII, 3 (1948) 315. —
licks lnicieetioy le
Biennial or perennial; root vertical, fusiformly thickened; stem straight, —
35—50 cm high, branching from middle or nearly simple, like leaves glab-
rous; radical leaves oblong, early withering, simple or nearly bipinnate,
rather long-petioled, with obcuneate, distally dentate, sessile or short-
petioluled terminal lobes 1—2 cm long, 0.5—1 cm wide in upper part; cauline
leaves similar, much smaller, usually simple-pinnate. Umbels terminate
stem and branches, 2.5—3.5cm across, of 9—13 unequal glabrous rays;
involucre of 3—9 linear reflexed, glabrous leaflets, half the length of the
rays, sometimes cut into 2—3 lobes; umbellets many-flowered, ca. 1cm
across; involucel of 5—7 narrowly linear unequal reflexed leaflets; calyx-
teeth inconspicuous; petals pink-purple or white, obcordate, 1.5mm long
and as wide, notched, with short inward curved tip; fruit (not quite ripe)
ovoid, 2.5mm long, 1.5mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles re-
flexed, longer than stylopodium. July—August.
Alpine meadows 1,800—2,700 m.— Caucasus: Main Range (W.). Endemic.
Described from Svanetia. Type in Leningrad.
Series 5. Atrosanguinea Schischk.— Involucre absent, involucels
present. Low plants with few-rayed (5—10) umbellet. Mountains of
Central Asia and Siberia.
9. C. atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842)
30905) Lidb: jim ROsiS= wll, 9240-4 Kiel s hl. \ZialpeeaSibs Velie One
i C..Gar va. «nan time DE. Prodi lV (U830)) ll si Ce miaidatcrumnameny eign
al peisit Gis. rerd)ineBull soc. Nat.) Mosc: SOOUDe ay (SG) aia:
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root oblong; stems 15—40 cm high,
few or single, slightly branching in upper part; radical and lower cauline
leaves tripinnate, oblong, their blades 4—12 cm long, 1.5—5 cm wide;
petioles 4—10 cm long, the upper leaves smaller, less dissected, on dilated
sheath with scarious margins; primary lobes ovate, obtuse, 1—2.5cm long,
0.5—2 cm wide; petiolules 1—6 mm long; lobes of the last order lanceolate,
acute, 3—10mm long, 1—1.5mm wide. Umbels of 5—10 unequal rays;
284
96
involucre absent or of 1—2 linear or lanceolate-linear leaflets; umbellets
few-flowered; involucels of 2—5 lanceolate-linear or linear leaflets nearly
as long as pedicels; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals pink or nearly white,
rarely dark red; fruit oblong-ovoid, 4mm long, 2mm wide. June—July.
(Plate XXVI, Figure 2.)
Pebbly slopes and banks of streams in mountain regions, subalpine belt
and upper reaches of forests. — W. Siberia: Alt.(SW), Ang.-Say. (W. Sayans);
Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb., T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Mountains of
Sinkiang. Described from Dzungarian Ala-Tau, upper reaches of the Lepsa
and Sarkand rivers. Type in Leningrad.
Series 6. Buriatica Schischk. — Involucre present, umbels glabrous,
of 10—15 rays.
10. C. buriaticum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 92,
Moma MMGN RVING 44) ai liscu dba ly Ross. Uy 2445 Kyl), rly Zap:
Sip ale 20804 C. i nod om um Steve wa eall Nene Nords Serna it
(1796) 229, nom. nud.; Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 159.— Bunium
buriaticum Drude inE.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III (1898) 194.—
pS uGaebue Es INO. Zi610r
Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root cylindrical or fusiform, 6—12 mm
thick; stem 30—70 cm high, single, straight, thinly sulcate, simple or
slightly branching; radical leaves early withering, lower leaves on 4—6 cm
long petioles, their blades oblong-ovate, bi- or tripinnate, 5-12 cm long,
3—7 cm wide; primary lobes opposite, sessile; lobes of the last order
ovate, deeply cut into linear acuminate lobules, 1.5—3.5mm long and ca.
0.5mm wide. Umbels 4—10cm across, of 10—15 glabrous rays; involucre
of 1—3 leaflets; involucels multifoliate, of lanceolate acute leaflets with
white-scarious margin; sepals developed as inconspicuous teeth; petals
white; fruit ovoid, ca. 2mm long, 1.5mm wide. July. (Plate XXVI,
Figure 1.)
Slopes of meadows, weed of crops. — W. Siberia: Alt. (east of Katun);
E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Udaes sUsis:
Gen. distr.: Manchuria, Mong., N.Ch. Described from Buryat-Mongolia.
Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1007.* BUNIUM** L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 243.— Sympodium C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 356.- Bunium sect. Leuco-
bunium Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 275
Flowers bisexual or unisexual, petals of outer flowers somewhat larger,
white or slightly purple, obcordate, concave, with inward turned tip, calyx
edenticulate; stylopodium flattened, pulvinate or conical; styles straight
or curved outward; fruit compressed laterally, linear-oblong to ovoid,
* Treatment by E. P. Korovin.
** From the Greek bunion — Dioscorides' name for tuberous umbellifers.
285
always glabrous, mericarps with more or less wide commissure, ribs
developed as protruding striae or wider ridges, resinous canals single
or ternate between ribs, 2 toward commissure; carpophore free or adnate
to mericarps; mesocarp dense, microcellular, stereomes in shape of
cylindrical or flattened columns running along ribs; seeds flat or with
2 shallow furrows toward commissure. Perennial plants, with deeply
hidden hypocotyl tuber, radical leaves long-petioled, with pinnatisect blade, :
involucre and involucels very variable. '
Bunium L. should include Conopodium Koch., distinguished only |
397 by itseeds, which havetwo shallowfurrows. Inshape of its fruit the latter
closely resembles some species of Bunium L., section Elwendia Boiss.
The genus comprises 39 species throughout the Mediterranean area, the
Crimea, Caucasus and Central Asia, to the mountains of Tien Shan.
Economic importance. Data on practical importance are limited to a
report ona single species, B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., the
tubers of which are eaten fresh in Afghanistan.
1.) Styles straight hardening during apeningy Li, © <4) ae eee 2a)
Styles curved outward or spreading, not hardening infruit .......
2. All leaves more or less equal, their terminal parts elongate, fruit
oblong-linear, 5mm long; resinous canals wide |
Sera: ais Wee oe SR 4. B. capusii (Franch.) Korov. |
+ Radical leaves many times cut into short sections, which are elongate
in cauline leaves; fruit linear, 6mm long; resinous canals narrow
a SA SINE ie heTS al Bhs CREME CM tho ro Pera 04 (oP fo 1. B. gypsaceum Koroyvy. |
3. Petals oblong, 2-lobed to middle, directed forward, long persistent on
ovary; styles long. . “ya.ael. 2am cere AG lie! 10) - Te ene 4. |
at Petals always recurved, obovate, rapidly deciduous; styles short .-.- 5. |
4. Umbels 3—6-rayed, ca. 20mm across, with small involucres; fruit |
oblong-ovoid; petals 1mm long .......-...-. 6. B. paucifolium DC. |
+ Umbels 10—20-rayed, twice as large, with well developed involucre and
involucel; fruit oblong-ovoid; petals twice as large .......++-++-+--: |
ipl tn Fogel Ste Seo 2) eh aero Sc 5. B. elegans (Fenzl) Freyn. |
5. Leaves with broad sheaths set off from petiole ........+-+++-+.+-. |
Sy: Lae SEE eet OU ROLE: ae PL, MTV 2. B. vaginatum Korov. |
ar Leaves with narrow sheaths gradually passing to petioles ........ Be |
Go LP Wwe Gyeul Marcle - 55s 5 poe Doe eo HO a 7. B. angreni Korov. |
ta Fruit usually elongate, sometimes cylindrical, rarely tapering at base |
Se Cage Re ee lyue, cach, inl teh ecu Susie lige et ua eh Gita ay) Ue anton aad a nr |
1. Leaves on stem with reflexed Segmients © .\2)) -) ears uete- (siemens 8. |
=P leaf segments) straight,.not frasmiented wi i.0) 296 . -e t 9.
8. Fruit splitting above, persistent on pedicel; styles nearly as long as
SwHyloeochwaaay ss Seka 5 3. B. chaerophylloides (Rgl.et Schmalh.) Drude.
oF Fruit normally splitting below; styles le the length of the stylopodium
Salk ttlakes scien gap ah ils at cee idee ea ee Non 9. B. seravschanicum Korov.
3989. SE ruiting pedi@elle: tim ee 5 sys peu eo cule fo ieee gon 10:
at Fruiting pedicels thickened, sometimes as thick as fruit........- ibe
286
10. Fruiting pedicels more than twice as NG TVS VS erg UU oy Geol eyo ONG eS ca NOR
sete hen ah i Ns aa ie PCO 8. B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.
Pedicels as long as or twice as long as HUE Ee Recs coher ee: heme is
11. Branches under umbels, umbel rays and pedicels acutely ribbed,
SCE OUS Me Se cite ceo Me ee eeien sy omer on 12. B. scabrellum Korov.
ate All parts of plant EOInolewelhy SiTKOCW A. gv oyc oo) 96 GeO ed Oe ee Ze
12. Umbels of up to 20 rays; radical and cauline leaves sharply different
yy ee Ne eae ed ater RR Nha. Meaney in engs ee es cra CaN! 3) 5
ats Umbels not exceeding 10 rays; leaves only slightly different from
ANGI OTL CTCL, pacer mAb iss ey Oia coech raat: Sem uC ue hs Lane icy ane Conan maar 14.
LA. TienpOMUSTeS, GLOSS | pap Spb o oD) co ecliee Soe orON oe 11. B. hissaricum Korov.
+ Involucre present 7% 2.2.5 ee 10. B. intermedium Korov.
14. Petals 1.8mm long, with distinct claw: stylopodium usually flat or
CONCAVE ee ee a ier 13. B. ferulaceum Sibth. et Sm.
a Petals not longer than 1.3 mm; stylopodium short-conical ....- LB)
LB) Umbels of 5—10 unequal rays; plant 20—40 cm IGHIGay 5 Sia onekoS) Gucso 16
ar Umbels of 3—5 equal rays; plant 10-locm INUIGiIa Agnes Valea elyods une 29) ©
«ced Sa lp ese ar get cima tat Su ees Sac aR CO 15. B. kuhitangi Nevski.
1G... Teint: AF mason Moise Ol oorals 2 os om pec oye ea i 14)” By longipes: Preyn.
+ Trai, DDS iavan Moa, Cis Oy ondoChwic or5 295) of a GNC CllpNiEN Io OUCNP nC ie
Re ric eine yer ie este ee 16. B. bourgaei (Boiss.) Freyn et Sint.
17. Stem in upper part angular; fruit cylindrical, 6—7 mm long; pedicels
eM tinicChKeaciirUlte wn. ote kel cee | cece cone = 17. B. badghysi Korov.
al Sreme rounded sehienitesMOIchek =o. aye hers oye ce oes aia
oa’ aceite hss oan is ameter os erine Ae 18. B. cylindricum (Boiss. et Hoke) Drude:
Section1. ELWENDIA (Boiss.) Wolff in Pflanzenr. IN, QBS (LQ27) 20to—
Gen. Elwendia Boiss. in Ann. Sc. nat. 3 sér. Bot. I (1844) 140.—
Mericarps and carpophore, fused in ripe fruit, at least proximally.
1. B. gypsaceum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN
UzSSR, XII (1948) 25.
Perennial; glaucescent, entirely glabrous plant; tuber spherical or
ovoid, ca. 10mm across; stem rounded, obscurely furrowed, spreading-
399 branching from base, 20—30 cm high; branches often reaching level of
central umbel; lower cauline leaves on short oblong sheaths, with decur-
rent lateral segments; blades broadly triangular, quadripinnatisect into
linear acute, 4mm long, 0.9mm wide spreading lobules, the median ter-
nate, their primary segments bipinnatisect into longer, straight, linear,
acuminate, upright, linear, 25mm long lobules, the upper reduced to 1 lob-
ule. Umbels without involucre, of 4—6, 3—4 cm long rays turned to one
side; umbellets 10—15-flowered, with involucel of 3—6 unequal, linear,
acuminate leaflets shorter than pedicels; petals not equal, obcordate, to
2mm long in peripheral flowers, 1 mm in inner flowers, slightly notched,
with short acute inward curved tip; stylopodium conical, passing into 1.5mm
long straight, divergent, later upright styles; fruit slightly longer than
thickened pedicels, compressed laterally, linear, curved, slightly tapering
in upper part, 6mm long, 1.3mm wide, mericarps pentagonal in cross
section, with sharply protruding filiform ribs; resinous canals narrow,
single. May—June.
287
400
Loose products of weathered limestones, marl and gypsiferous
rocks. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (western spur of Gissar Range). Endemic.
Described from Baisun-Tau. Type in Tashkent.
Note. The closest relative of this species is B. capusii (Franch.)
Korov., a plant of the foothill plains growing on loess deposits, distinguished
mainly by the shape of its leaves.
2. B. vaginatum Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1927)
122. — lle.2 iKorow., worcl,, walol, WIL
Perennial; glaucescent, pale green, entirely glabrous plant; tuber
spherical, to 2cm across; to 25cm high, distinctly furrowed, straight or
with 1—2 branches above stem, sometimes pink; radical leaves long-petioled;
their blades broadly triangular with deeply bipinnatipartite sections; last-
order lobules, 10mm long, 1 mm wide, with short mucro; cauline leaves
with shortened, finely dissected blade on broad amplexicaul oval-lanceolate,
shiny decurrent sheath embracing stem, to 30mm long, 12 mm wide; upper-
most leaves reduced to short lanceolate scale. Umbels without involucre,
of 5-10, 3—5 cm long, unequal rays; umbellets 15—20-flowered, with sterile
central flowers; involucels absent or to 6 short narrowly lanceolate un-
equal reflexed leaflets; calyx edenticulate; petals 1.5mm long, smaller in
‘inner flowers, obcordate, notched, with acute inward curved tip; stylopodium
distinctly flattened; styles twice as long as diameter of stylopodium, curved
outside; fruit oblong-ovoid, 3mm long, ve the length of the unthickened
pedicels; mericarps rounded in cross section, dorsally with slightly pro-
truding ribs and resinous canals,mericarps and carpophore fused; resi-
nous tubes single, broad. May—June.
Stony slopes, lower mountain belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau
Mountains, Talass Ala-Tau in western part of Range). Endemic. Described
from Kara-Tau Mountains. Type in Tashkent.
3. B. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam.
II, 8.(1898) 194; Korov. in Byull. Seedneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1927) 125s
Carum chaerophylloidies Rel. er Schmalh.ini wie. Bota sadam
(1877) 585.— C. sogdianum Lipsky, ibid., XXIII (1904) 118.— C. con-
fusum ©, Fedtsich. in A.P. Fedchenko, Puteshestv. vy Tuckesti, wypece
(1902) 166, nom.— B. persicum K.-Pol. in Spiske rast. russk. fl. VIII
(1928) 108, non B. Fedtsch. (1915).— B. sogdianum Wolff in Engl.
Pillenadwemie, IWS BAS (M2 BODs oer. (Gia IS IT IN@s ZIGOT.
Perennial; entirely glabrous green plant; tuber spherical, sometimes
with short cylindrical neck; stem 50—70 cm high, rounded, hollow, thinly
furrowed, usually branching from middle, branches divergent; radical
leaves long-petioled, their blades triangular-oval, tripinnatisect into 3-
partite sections with to 10 mm long, 2mm wide lanceolate terminal lobules,
cauline leaves sessile or short-petiolate, with lanceolate, scarious-rimmed
sheaths, their segments typically reflexed, upper leaves with few linear
elongate sections. Umbels of 10—16 rays, flat above, their inner rays
shorter, 3—5cm long; involucre mostly absent, rarely of a few filiform
caducous leaflets; umbellets of 20—25 flowers, nearly all bisexual; involu-
cels not developed; calyx edenticulate; petals broadly obovate, slightly
notched, with broad inward curved tip, inner petals 1.5mm long, shorter
than the peripheral; stylopodium flattened-conical; styles short, curved
288
401
outward; fruit 4—4.5mm long, oblong-linear, distinctly tapering at base,
sometimes curved, one-third to one-half the length of the thin pedicels;
mericarps with narrow commissure, separating above on ripening, per-
sistent; carpophore adnate to mericarps; ribs filiform, inflated; resinous
canals single in valleculae, narrow, protruding at surface; seeds flat to-
ward commissure. April—May.
Gently sloping mountains, steppe and semidesert belt. — Centr. Asia:
T. Sh. (mountains of Kara-Tau, Tashkent Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan
and Gissar Range), Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Gen. distr.: Iran. (N. Afghan-
istan). Described from the mountains of Kara-Tau, Mogol-Tau, andothers.
Type in Leningrad.
Note. The characteristic feature of this species is the narrow com-
missure, which separates above, not below. Also typical is the shape of
the fruit, which tapers proximally, not distally, like other species. We
might add that the petals are rounded, not cuneate. In view of these char-
acters, it is doubtful whether this species should be included in Bunium.
Section 2. BULBOCASTANUM (Adans.) DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 115. —
Gen. Bulbocastanum Adans. Fam. II (1765) 95.— Bunium sect.
Gyan onkclie si Cx AColl Wem t@Ormbell a @is2o) 4 l=) (© age asieebalh
Bulbocastanum Koch, Synops. (1837) 286.— Bunium Sect. I
Leucobunium Calest. in Webbia, 1(1905) 275.— Ripe mericarps
separate easily from each other and from carpophore.
4. B. capusii (Franch.) Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV
(292i) 12625W olffin Mmpls Pilanzenrs) Vi; 228) (19274) A99.—) 8B. tumikwve =
StAaAmiecumn Wolk, doicl 2i@,.—= CAirvinn CAOWSil Iieamela, ima Aim, Se,
Nate 16 Siena Vl (i883))2935—1C.. tug heist ama cum) Mipskyiimiir Bot:
Sada, XXIII (1904) 114.— C. elegans Regl., ibid., V (1877) 586, non
Henzl (i842). —w iC. ve Gacilie {Zine eq in) Mrs Yurevsk. Botyysada, IL
(CEQO I) MSZ
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, ca. 10mm across,
long retaining last year's leaves; stem 25—35 cm high, single, thinly fur-
rowed, branching at middle with equal branches; radical leaves long-
petioled, their blades triangular, thrice ternate-dissected into narrowly
linear acute, ca. 15mm long lobules diverging at an acute angle; cauline
leaves on short narrowly lanceolate sheaths, terminal lobules straight,
to 4cm long; upper leaves reduced. Umbels without involucre or with
1—2 linear-subulate leaflets, of 6—12, often 8 spreading more or less equal
2—3.5cm long rays; umbellets 15—20-flowered; involucel of 5—8 unequal
linear-subulate leaflets; inner flowers staminate or abortive; calyx edenti-
culate; petals unequal, the peripheral to 1.8 mm long, obcordate, notched,
with short inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical, contracted at
base, passing into straight upright 1.8mm long style; fruit oblong-linear,
curved outward, about as long as pedicels, to 5mm; mericarps pentagonal
in cross section with broad commissure, separating from each other and
from carpophore when ripe; ribs filiform, inflated, hence fruit furrowed;
resinous canals single, broad; seeds flat toward commissure. May—June.
289
402
403
Among ephemeral cover, in desert loess plains, also low loess foothills. —
Centr? Asia: Tf. Sh. (W. D2sh.); Syr'D., "Pam--Al> Endemic! Desersed
from Dzhizak and Shakhrisyabz. Type in Geneva.
5. B. elegans (Fenzl) Freynin Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XIII (1892) 83.— |
B. noeanum (Boiss.) G. Woron. in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 158. — |
Carum elegans Fenzl, Pugill. pl. nov. (1842) 16; Boiss. Fl. or. II,
383.— CC. noeanum Boiss. Diagn ser. 2, UW (ls5eo) 77, — ©. wastermec
oides Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Bot. Mosc. XII (1860) 96. —
C. purpurascens Boiss. in Tchihat. As. Min. Bot. I (1860) 411.—
Sy mpodium simplex ©. Koch in Ginny Xvi ts42)essGr
Perennial; pale green, entirely glabrous plant; tuber spherical, to 15mm
across; stem 30—40cm high, cylindrical below, thinly furrowed, curved-
angular above, straight or more or less curved in nodes, branching from
middle or in upper part, rarely from base, radical leaves long-petioled,
their blade oval-triangular, bipinnatisect, its segments pinnatipartite into
narrowly linear divergent lobules; lower cauline leaves on shortened
pedicels, the median and upper leaves sessile on narrow, lanceolate, am-
plexicaul sheaths, their blade tripinnatisect into narrow linear, straight,
20mm long, 0.5mm wide, acute sections, longer and narrower in upper
leaves. Umbels of 10—13,rarely 21 acutely angled, nearly equal, 20—30 mm
long rays; involucre of 5—9 linear-subulate, membranous-rimmed leaflets
one-third to one-half the length of the umbel rays; umbellets 15—20-flowered,
with involucels of 6—9 linear-subulate leaflets as long as or half as long
as pedicels; calyx edenticulate; petals white or pale purple, typically an-
trorse, oblong-oval, concave to middle and thus 2-lobed, with inward curved
tip, 2mm long; stylopodium appearing like two thickened cushions; styles
thin, long, 2mm long in fruit, curved outward; fruit oblong-linear, shorter
than pedicels, 4mm long; mericarps subcylindrical, separating from each
other and from carpophore when ripe; ribs filiform, especially prominent
at apex of fruit; resinous canals single between ribs, 2 toward commissure.
Milby, [hie AUETSE
Steppe slopes of mountains, central to subalpine belts, also in fields. —
Caucasus: S. and W.Transc. (rarely). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., E. Med.
Described from Aleppo. Type in Berlin.
Note. This species is inconstant in many respects, even within the
USSR, varying in the character of branching, the structure of umbels, number
of involucral and involucel leaflets, color of petals, and shape of leaves.
Similar variations have been reported from outside the Soviet Union.
Available material makes it possible to separate the following varieties:
var. purpurascens (Boiss.) Korov. — flowers, involucres and involu-
cels purple; var. typicum Wolff (1. c. 189) — stem twisted, furcately
branching from base; var. noeanum Boiss. (l. c.) — stem straight,
flowers white, fruit narrow oblong-linear. Further study should throw
much more light on the variability of this species.
6. B. paueifolium’ DC. Prodr: Iv (W830) 1172—"Be eas sium boiss:
Diagn. ser. II, 2 (1856) 77.— B. filipes Freyn et Contrath in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. II (1895) 305.— Carum elegans Fenzl y. junceum Boiss.
Fl. or. Il (1872) 884.
290
Perennial; pale green, glaucescent, entirely glabrous plant; tuber
spherical, ca. 10mm across; stem 70—100 cm high, cylindrical, thinly
furrowed, straight, curved only in upper part in nodes, branching at middle
to produce spreading panicle; lower cauline leaves with long petioles,
their blade broadly triangular, bipinnatisect, its segments deeply parted
into 15mm long, 2mm wide linear sections, with single nerve; median
cauline leaves with narrowly lanceolate sheaths, their blade twice ternate-
dissected into long linear, to 2mm wide, 6 cm long sections; upper leaves
of 1—3 narrower sections. Umbels of 3—6 thin rays, often not longer than
10cm; involucre of 3—5 short linear-subulate leaflets; umbellets 8—12-
flowered, their involucels of 5 linear-subulate leaflets, as long as pedicels
or shorter; calyx edenticulate; petals antrorse, white or pink, broadly oval,
concave, with inward curved tip, 1 mm long; stylopodium flattened, notched;
styles thin, 1.8mm long; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2.5—3 mm long, as long as or
Ze as long as pedicels; mericarps subcylindrical, separating from each
other and from carpophore when ripe; ribs filiform; resinous canals single
between ribs; 2 toward commissure. Fl. July, Fr. September.
Grassy mountain slopes, sometimes in forests. — Caucasus: S. and
E. Transc. (rarely). Gen. distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd., E. Med. Described
from Iran. Type in Geneva.
Note. This species differs from the preceding by impoverished um-
bels, few-leaved involucre, small petals, wider fruit, greater height of the
plants and larger size and broader sections of leaves. The Syrian plants
are very similar to the Caucasian.
404 7. B. angreni Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1924) 123.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber spherical; stem to 15cm high,
single or 2—3, thin, slightly furrowed, spreading-branching from middle or
above base, with equidimensional branches; radical leaves on short petioles,
their blade broadly triangular, ternately dissected, the segments bipinnati-
sect into linear-lanceolate, obtuse, to 10mm long lobules; cauline leaves
sessile, of straight, spreading, setiform 10mm long lobules; upper leaves
smaller. Umbels without involucre, of 2—5, 15-20 mm long rays; involucels
of umbellets absent or of 1—3 elongate filiform leaflets; pedicels spreading,
becoming more or less compressed; calyx edenticulate; petals unequal,
1—2 mm long, the peripheral larger than the inner, obcordate, notched, with
short acute inward curved tip, stylopodium pulvinate; styles short, curved
outward; fruit ellipsoid, much shorter than pedicels, 2.2mm long; meri-
carps slightly compressed dorsally, broadly cohesive, separating from each
other and from carpophore, their ribs broad, inflated; resinous canals single,
broad, protruding on surface of fruit; seeds with 2 shallow furrows toward
commissure. July—August.
Stony mountain slopes, alpine belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic.
Described from Angren River. Type in Tashkent.
8. B. persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 612;
Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1927) 124; Wolff in Engl.
Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 198.— Carum persicum Boiss. in Ann.
Sc. Nat. 3 sér. Bot. (1844) 138 et in Fl. or. II (1872) 844; Lipskii in
Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 116.— C. heterophyllum Rgl. et Schm.
in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 586 and in Izv. Obshch. lyub. estestv.,
291
405
406
antrop. i etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 27.— C. bulbocastanum var.
heterophyllum O. Ktze. in Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 190.
Perennial; pale green, entirely glabrous plant; tuber irregularly
spherical; stem 40—60 cm high, furrowed, straight, corymbiformly branch-
ing from middle, branches declinate; radical leaves long-petioled, their
blade broadly triangular, ternate, its segments long-petioluled, the leaves
spreading, bipinnatisect into oval pinnatipartite sections, with lanceolate
ca. 2mm long, cuneate, mucronate lobules; cauline leaves sessile on short
sheaths, bipinnatisect into straight spreading filiform lobules to 20mm
long, the upper leaves reduced to few filiform lobules. Umbels to 15cm
across, of 15—20 rays usually all spreading; involucre absent or of 1—2
short, linear leaflets; umbellets 20—30-flowered; pedicels irregular,
erect, filiform, remaining filiform in fruit; involucels of many (6—10)
lanceolate, cuneate-acuminate, spreading leaflets; all flowers fertile;
calyx edenticulate; petals equal, broadly oval, notched for half their length,
with inward curved tip, 1mm long; stylopodium flattened-pulviniform;
styles thin, curved outward, as long as stylopodium is wide; fruit linear,
4mm long, much shorter than thin pedicels; ripe mericarps separating
from each other and from carpophore, pentahedral, with prominent filiform
ribs; resinous canals 1 between ribs; seeds slightly concave toward com-
missure. June—July.
Gentle exposed mountain slopes, central belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh.
(Kara-Tau Mountains, Turkestan Range), Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan, Gissar,
Alai ranges, Darvaza, Peter the Great Range), Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.:
Iran., Arm.-Kurd., Ind.-Him. (Kashmir). Described from Persia. Type
in Geneva.
9. B. seravschanicum Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV
(HO 2 ral 25x
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber spherical; stems about 30cm
high, branching from middle or slightly below; lower cauline leaves tri-
angular, twice ternate-dissected, their segments spreading; upper leaves
reduced, their lobules narrowly lanceolate-linear, reflexed below. Umbels
of 4—8 rays 4—5 cm across, often without involucre; umbellets 15-flowered,
with involucels of 3—4 unequal narrowly linear leaflets; calyx edenticulate;
petals broadly obovate, with inward curved tip, longer in outer peripheral
flowers than ininner; stylopodium flattened; styles curved outside, twice
as long as stylopodium; fruit (unripe) oblong-ovoid, with distinctly pro-
truding ribs; resinous canals single. June—August.
Mountain slopes, 2,000—3,000 m. Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan
Range, Roshan). Endemic. Described from Zeravshan Range. Type in
Tashkent.
Note. In the shape of its leaves this species most nearly resembles
B. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schm.) Drude, from which it is well
differentiated by the structure of the fruit and the elongated styles. As it
was established on the basis of limited material, it requires further study.
10. B. intermedium Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN
UzSSR, XII (1948) 26.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, to 20m across:
stem 30—45 cm high, hollow, thinly sulcate, slightly twisted, slightly branch-
ing at middle, branches declinate, not overtopping central umbel; radical
60115 1 292
407
and lower cauline leaves broadly triangular, with ternate blade, segments
pinnatisect into oval, pinnatipartite, lanceolate, obtuse ca. 5mm long
lobules; upper cauline leaves sessile, with elongate, filiform, acute, straight,
spreading, to 15mm long lobules. Umbels of 5—9 (rarely to 20) unequal
rays, the outer longer than the inner, 3 to 6 cm long; involucre absent or
of few elongate linear-subulate leaflets usually dissected to base; umbel-
lets 15—20-flowered; involucels of few (1—6) unequal linear-subulate leaf-
lets as long as pedicels; petals obcordate, nearly equal, 1.6—1.8 mm long;
stylopodium flattened; styles We the length of the stylopodium, curved out-
ward: fruit brown, oblong-linear, laterally compressed, half as long as
unthickened pedicels, 4—4.5mm long; mericarps cylindrical-tetragonal,
ribs wide, inflated; resinous canals narrow, protruding. May —June-— July.
Gentle herbaceous mountain slopes, Central Asian juniper belt, usually
in shady habitats.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Turkestan and Gissar ranges).
Endemic. Described from Turkestan Range. Type in Tashkent.
Note. Inits heterophylly this species is reminiscent of B. persicum
(Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., from which it is distinguished by the reduced pedicels.
The fruit, too, is typical.
11. B. hissaricum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN
UzSSR, XII (1948) 27.
Perennial; tuber spherical; stem 30—50cm high, cylindrical, with white
longitudinal striae, more or less curved, branching at middle or below,
branches sometimes overtopping terminal umbel; leaves glaucescent, the
radical with broadly triangular, ternate-dissected blade, segments tripinnati-
sect into pinnatipartite sections with linear-lanceolate acute, 2—3 mm long
lobules; cauline leaves on oblong sheaths, with membranous margins, lob-
ules filiform, straight, ca. 10mm long. Umbels of 10—20 unequal 4—6 cm
long rays, without involucre; umbellets 15—20-flowered; involucels of 10
filiform persistent leaflets usually with scabrous margin; flowers on thin
unequal pedicels; calyx edenticulate; petals nearly quadrate, concave, 1mm
long; stylopodium flattened-conical; styles reflexed, as long as stylopodium
is wide; fruit short-cylindrical, 3—3.5mm long, shorter than pedicels; ribs
filiform; resinous canals single between ribs. June.
Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from
Tadshirkaya Mountain (Gissar Range). Type in Tashkent.
12. B. seabrellum Korov. in Addenda XV, 431.
Perennial; pale green plant, scabrous in upper part; tuber spherical,
10mm across; stem ca. 30cm high, cylindrical below, hollow, twisted, sul-
cate, higher up angular, at apex acutely ribbed, branching below middle;
radical leaves with broadly spreading pairs of segments, bipinnatisect into
oblong-linear lobules to 10 mm long, 3mm wide; lower cauline leaves
similar, median and upper leaves on narrow lanceolate-linear sheaths,
their blade of 1—3 elongate, linear, to 4cm long sections tapering at base.
Umbels on long pedicels, scabrous above, of 5—8 unequal, 10—20 mm long,
acutely ribbed, scabrous rays; involucres of 1—4 linear-subulate, unequal,
nearly membranous leaflets; umbellets 10—13-flowered, spreading, with
involucels of 5 linear-subulate leaflets the length of the pedicels; flowers
diclinous, the inner staminate, the outer bisexual; calyx edenticulate;
293
408
petals white, obcordate, with inward curved tip, 1mm long; stylopodium
short-conical; styles curved horizontally, as long as stylopodium is wide;
fruit oblong, 2.5mm long, as long as thin pedicels; mericarps subcylin-
drical: ribs filiform; resinous canals single between ribs, 2 toward com-
misure side. Fr. August.
Rocky cliffs, 2,200 m.— Caucasus: Tal. (Zuvand). Endemic. Described
from Lenkoran. Type in Leningrad.
Note. This species is characterized by its hollow stem ribbed above,
scabrous pedicels and conical stylopodium. It was first collected by
Hohenacker and Meyer, later by Shipchinskili.
13. B. ferulaceum Sibth. et Sm. Prodr. I (1806) 186.— B. ferulae-
folium Desf. in Ann. Mus. Par. XI (1808) 275.— B. majus M. B.
Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 210, non Guan.— Carum ferulaefolium
Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1,10 (1849) 22.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber ovoid, to 2cm long; stem
20—30 cm high, cylindrical, usually obtusely angular, thinly sulcate, twisted,
furcately branching above base; radical leaves with thin petioles, their
blades triangular-oval, tripinnatisect into linear 10mm long, 1.2 mm wide
lobules; cauline leaves with lanceolate-linear sheaths, their lobules longer
and narrower. Umbels of 5—8, 3—5cm long rays, without involucre; um-
bellets 15-flowered, with involucels of 3—5 lanceolate-linear leaflets, ar-
ranged singly, half as long as longest pedicels; pedicels thin, distinctly
thickened, spreading in fruit, the inner much shorter than the outer; calyx
edenticulate; petals broadly obovate, with distinct claw, concave, with in-
ward curved obtuse tip, 1.8mm long; stylopodium flattened, sometimes
concave; styles as long as stylopodium is wide, reflexed, stigmas capitate;
fruit oblong, half the length of the longest pedicels, 4mm long; mericarps
separating from each other and from carpophore when ripe; ribs filiform,
inflated; canals single between ribs, narrow, 2 toward commissure.
May—July.
Exposed stony mountain slopes in the forest belt. — European part;
Crim. Gen. distr.: Med. Described from Greece. Type in London.
Note. This species is close to B. bulbocastanum L., from
which it is distinguished by the few-leaved involucels. From the USSR
there are known only forms close to var. brachycarpum Boiss.
(Fl. or. 1. c. 886), distinguished from the typical form by thin pedicels.
14. B. longipes Freynin Bull. d. l'Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. VI (1906)
214; Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1927) 123.— B. cylin-
dricum subsp. longipes Wolffin Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927)193.
Perennial; pale green, entirely glabrous plant; tuber spherical, ca.
20mm across; stem 30—40cm high, corymbiformly branching in upper
part; radical leaves broadly triangular, twice ternate-dissected, terminal
sections pinnatipartite into oblong-lanceolate, to 7mm long lobules; cauline
leaves with narrower, more elongate, straight, filiform, spreading, to 10mm
long lobules. Umbels of 5—8 rays, the inner shorter than the outer; in-
volucre of 1—3 narrow leaflets; umbellets 6—15-flowered; pedicels of
varying lengths; involucels of 1—4-leaved lanceolate-linear leaflets; calyx
edenticulate; petals broadly obovate, notched, with short inward curved tip;
294
stylopodium flattened; styles short, curved outwards; fruit oblong-
linear, 4—5 mm long, 2—2.5mm wide, ae the length of the pedicels; meri-
carps subcircular in cross section; ribs filiform, sharply protruding;
canals single between ribs, broad; seeds nearly flat toward commissure.
April—May.
Mountain slopes in lower belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (W. Kopet-
Dagh). Endemic. Described from Kara-Kala and Gyaurs. Type in Vienna.
409 Note. The species closest to this are B. kuhitangi Nevski and
B. cylindricum (Boiss. et Hoh.) Drude. Freyn proposes three vari-
eties: var. minus Freyn, var. brachycarpum Freyn and var.
ellipsoideum Freyn, distinguished by the shape and dimensions of
the fruit.
15. B. kuhitangi Nevski in Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, IV (1937)
274.— B. longipes var. depressum Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz.
Gos. univ. XV (1927) 124.— B. cylindricum var. minor Freyn in
Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 sér. V1 (1906) 214.— B. longipes var. ellip-
Ss Guudlex) mayerhyr Cys ule ee.
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, ca. 10mm across;
stem 10—15cm high, single, rarely 2, thinly sulcate, spreading-branching
nearly from base; radical leaves short-petioled, their blade broadly tri-
angular, ternate-dissected, segments bipinnatisect into linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, 5—8 mm long, 1 mm wide lobules; cauline leaves on short oblong
sheaths with scarious margin, their blade ternate-dissected, with linear
or narrowly lanceolate, not more than 5mm long lobules. Umbels of 2—5
spreading, more or less regular rays, without, rarely with 1-leaved
involucre; umbellets 8—10-flowered; involucel of 1—3 linear leaflets; inner
flowers sterile; calyx edenticulate; petals of varying dimensions, in peri-
pheral flowers broadly obovate, acuminate with inward curved tip, 1.2mm
long; fruit oblong-ovoid, more or less equal to pedicels, 4mm long, the
outer pedicels slightly curved; mericarps subcircular in cross section,
their ribs filiform, whitish; resinous canals single between ribs, broad;
seeds flat toward commissure. June—July.
Soft slopes in subalpine and alpine mountain belts. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. (Kugitang Mountains). Endemic. Described from Kugitang.
Type in Leningrad.
16. B. bourgaei (Boiss.) Freyn et Sint. in Oest. Bot. Zeit. XLIV
(1894) 99; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 224 (1927) 194.— Carum
Bourgaei Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 885.
Perennial; glaucescent, entirely glabrous plant; tuber spherical, 10—15
across; stem 20—30cm high, rounded, thinly sulcate, furcately branching
from base or above; radical leaves with oval blade, tripinnatisect into
linear, 5—10mm long, 1 mm wide lobules; cauline leaves sessile on nar-
rowly lanceolate sheaths with scarious margins, with short, narrower
410 linear-filiform lobules. Umbels of 8—10 unequal, 10—25 mm long, spread-
ing rays, usually without involucre, rarely with few deciduous leaflets;
umbellets 10—13-flowered, distinctly compressed below, with involucels
of several lanceolate-linear, scarious leaflets, varying in number, rarely
involucels not developed; flowers on unequal pedicels; calyx edenticulate;
295
411
petals broadly obovate, concave, with notched inward curvedtip, 1—1.3 mm long;
stylopodium flattened; styles slightly longer than stylopodium is wide;
fruit oblong or oblong-ovoid, as long as the slightly thickened pedicels,
2—2.5mm; ribs sharply protruding; resinous canals single between ribs,
inflated, 2 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Steppe slopes, rarely in mountain belts. — Caucasus: W., 5S. and
E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran., Arm.-Kurd., As.Min. Described from
Gyumyushkhan and Dzhimil. Type in Geneva.
Note. This species is variable in several characters. Alongside
the typical forms, which branch from base, there are plants with erect,
only slightly branching stems. The shape and size of fruit are similarly
variable. In some cases the involucels are absent (Gagrinskii massif,
Voronov, No. 415). The small-fruited forms are very much like B. mi-
crocarpum (Boiss.) Freyn et Sint. (1. c.) from which it can be dis-
tinguished with great difficulty by its shorter lobules. B. temskyanum
Freyn et Sint. (Bull. d. 1'Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 304 is in the same rela-
tion to the present species, and probably is only a variety, like the pre-
ceding species. Two known varieties occur in the Soviet flora: var.
huetii Boiss., without involucre, and var. cataonicum Boiss. (1. c.),
with few-leaved involucres.
17. B. badghysi Korov. comb. nov.— B. cylindricum ssp.
Badghysi Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV (1927) 127.
Perennial; plant pale green, entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, ca.
20mm across; stem 30—50 cm long, single, rarely 2, sulcate, angular
above, branching from middle, erect or curved at nodes; radical leaves
long-petioled, their blade broadly triangular, ternate-dissected, with seg-
ments bipinnatisect into lanceolate, trifid or parted, 3—5 mm long sections;
lobules lanceolate, acute, 2—3 mm long, 1—2 mm wide; cauline leaves ses-
sile, with reduced oblong sheaths and smaller and narrower lobules. Um-
bels of 6—10 unequal rays 3—7cm long, involucre of 1—4 lanceolate, nearly
membranous leaflets: umbellets 10—15-flowered; flowers all fertile;
pedicels of varying length, thickened, spreading in fruit; involucre 5—6-
leaved: leaflets lanceolate, membranous, shorter than umbel; calyx edenti-
culate; petals equal, obovate, with short inward curved tip, 1.5mm long;
stylopodium flattened-pulviniform; fruit linear-cylindrical, slightly curved
or straight, 6—7 mm long, about as long as pedicels; mericarps furrowed
outside, with prominent filiform ribs; resinous canals single between ribs;
seeds flat toward commissure. April—May.
Sandy hills, rarely stony slopes in mountain—semidesert belt. — Centr.
Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Badkhiyz (Berdyklych).
Type in Tashkent.
Note. This species is very close to B. cylindricum (Boiss.)
Drude from which it differs by the more elongated fruit, multi-rayed
umbels and lanceolate leaflets of involucres.
18. Bs cylindricum’ (Boiss: et Hoh?) Drude in E. =P.) Pilanzenfam®
Ill, 8 (1898) 194; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 224 (1927) 192. —
Beylindraceum Preymin Bulll¥Herbe Boiss. 2) ser. vi (1906) ae
B. salsum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, V, 5 (1924)
137 (Carum ey lindriicum: Bolss, eroha Dident sem. I elOi@tand)eaar
296
412
Perennial; entirely glabrous glaucescent plant; tuber spherical; stem
25—30 cm high, cylindrical, slightly sulcate, twisted, branching near base,
the branches more or less equal, reaching or exceeding level of axial
umbel; radical leaves with broadly triangular blade, bipinnatisect into
short, 3—5 mm, oblong-linear, often 2- to 3-partite lobules; lower cauline
leaves on reduced petioles, the upper sessile on lanceolate-linear sheaths
with scarious margins, lobules narrower, linear. Umbels of 5—10 spread-
ing, furrowed, to 5cm long rays, often without involucre, rarely the latter
of 1—4 leaflets; umbellets 10—15-flowered, fertile, spreading, with involu-
cels of 2—5 lanceolate leaflets nearly as long as pedicels; inner flowers
of umbellets staminate, the outer bisexual; calyx edenticulate; petals
broadly oval, subrounded, slightly depressed, with short acute tip, 1.8mm
long; stylopodium short-conical; styles short, curved outward; fruit cylin-
drical, as long as or longer than thickened pedicels, 5—6 mm long; ribs
inflated, forming edges; resinous canals single, 2 toward commissure.
Fl. and Fr. May.
Slopes of hills, often among crops. — Caucausus: S. and E. Transc.;
Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range), Syr D. (eminences in the Samarkand
area), T.Sh. (Mogol-Tau Mountains). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from
Iran. Type in Geneva.
Genus 1008. ZERAVSCHANIA *« Korov.
Korov. in Bot. mat. gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 28
Flowers bisexual; calyx edenticulate; petals white, obcordate, impressed
along midrib, with inward curved tip; stylopodium massive, cylindrical-
conical, surrounded by undulant basal ridge; styles not longer than stylo-
podium is wide; fruit (unripe) ovoid, compressed laterally, with broad com-
missure and filiform dorsal, slightly dilated marginal ribs. Resinous canals
single under valleculae, 2 toward commissure; seeds flat toward commis-
sure. Perennial herbs, with leaves many times dissected into small lobules,
with involucre and involucels.
One species, Central Asia.
1. Z. regeliana Korov., ibid. (1948).
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root 1.5—2 cm thick, multicipital,
root neck densely covered with black-brown leaf remnants; stems many,
65—90 cm high, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, hollow, branching from middle
or nearly from base with obliquely antrorse branches; radical leaves
numerous, their petioles shorter or longer than blade, abruptly expanding
to oblong-ovate sheath with scarious margins, blade ovate, 7—15 cm long,
4—7 cm wide, tripinnatisect, primary lobes sessile or on short petiolules,
secondary lobes sessile, ovate, deeply dissected into triangular, acute,
short, 3—4 mm long, sometimes deeply dentate lobules; cauline leaves few,
smaller, less deeply cut, the lower on petioles abruptly expanding to
amplexicaul sheath, the upper leaves sessile, the uppermost reduced to
sheaths. Umbels 4—8cm across, of 4—8 nearly equal glabrous rays,
* After the Zeravshan River (Central Asia), in the watershed of which the plant was discovered.
297
lateral umbels smaller, of 5—11 unequal rays; involucre of 7—10 oblong-
lanceolate, acute leaflets with broad scarious margin; umbellets 20-
flowered, 1—1.2cm across; leaflets of involucels 7—11, oblong-lanceolate,
broadly scarious, thinly acuminate, nearly as long as umbel rays or shorter;
petals white, broadly ovate, attenuate at base, notched, with inward curved
lobe, 2—2.3mm long; fruit small, glabrous. June—July.
Stony slopes, 900—2,700 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the Zeravshan River watershed (Kshtut-Pul-i-Kalon).
Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1009. HYMENOLYMA* Korov.
Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 30
Flowers bisexual, calyx teeth inconspicuous, petals white, obovate,
notched, with short inward curved acuminate lobe, stylopodium conical,
styles short, divergent or recurved, fruit oblong-cylindrical, with broad
commissure, mericarps with filiform ribs, 1—4 canals under valleculae,
2—10 toward commissure, pericarp coriaceous, stereomes in ribs, carpo-
phore 2-partite. Monocarpic tuberiferous herbs, with thinly dissected
leaves; involucre and involucels of membranous leaflets.
Two species, Central Asia.
1. Lower part of stem and lower leaves short-scabrous; leaflets of
involucels broadly obovate, entirely enclosing umbel before flowering,
Willa) =" WOE WSIS SG 6S oa oc 2. H. bupleuroides (Schrenk) Korov.
+ Lower part of stem and lower leaves usually glabrous; leaflets of
involucelssoblong,not exceeding umbels. io. oie). ea-ie leit ae ee
ee ee ee are eee ee 1. H. trichophyllum (Schrenk) Korov.
1. H. trichophyllum (Schrenk) Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot.
i zool. AN UzSSR,..XII.(1948),31.—.H. scarios um, Koroy., ibids (943)
31. — Carum trichophyllum Schrenk, Enum. Pl. noy. 1 (1841)j6.;
lidbs El. Ross. 11.250: sSeselh, sicar1.osum Karset Kir suns
Soe. Nat. Mose. XV (1842) 361; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 277.— Conopodium
trichophyllum Korov. in sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. I—II (1924)
253 Kryl.. Fl. Zap. Sib; VIM,..2081.— Bunium,trichophy lum ewok
in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) .210.—Exs.: H.E.A.M. No. 33)
Perennial; entire plant glabrous or subglabrous; tuber oblong, super-
ficial, neck covered with fibrous leaf remnants; stem 30—70 cm high, single
or 2, erect, with few obliquely antrorse branches in upper half; radical
leaves early withering, their petiole expanding to sheath, nearly as long
as blade, the blade ovate, 6-7 cm long, 3—4 mm wide, with oblong sessile
primary lobes, sometimes slightly scabrous, secondary lobes thinly dis-
sected into filiform or narrowly linear, 3—5 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, acute
lobules; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, but petioles shorter
(1.5—2 cm long); upper leaves sessile on sheath, less deeply cut but their
*
From the Greek hymen — membrane, lyma — spot.
298
414
415
lobules to 2cm long. Umbels 2—6.5cm across, of 8—13 unequal glabrous
rays; involucre of 5 oblong obtuse leaflets with broad scarious margins,
several times as short as umbel rays; umbellets 20-flowered, 0.5—1 cm
across; involucels of 5 almost entirely scarious oblong leaflets, shorter
than umbel rays; petals broadly ovate, ca. 1mm long; fruit 1 mm long,
1mm wide. Fl. June, Fr. July. (Plate XXX, Figure 10.)
Artemisia semideserts, pebbly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.,
Balkh., Dzu-Tarb, T.Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described
from Ak-Su River and Tarbagatai. Type in Leningrad.
2. H. bupleuroides (Schrenk) Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot.
i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 51.— Carum bupleuroides Schrenk
in Bull. Phys.-Math. Ac. Pétersb. III (1845) 305; Lipsk. in Tr. Bot.
Sada, XXIII (1904) 122.
Perennial; root thickened, turnip-shaped; stem base covered with leaf
remnants; radical leaves early withering, their more or less long petioles
expanding to sheath, their blade oblong, 5-12 cm long, 1.5—3 cm wide, tri-
pinnatisect, with remote sessile oblong lobes of the second order, dissected
in turn into lanceolate-linear, 2—3 mm long, ca. 1mm wide, scabrous or
subglabrous, acute lobules; cauline leaves sessile on short expanded am-
plexicaul sheaths, the leaves broadly lanceolate, tripinnatisect, into filiform-
linear, 2—5 mm long, 0.1 mm wide lobules; upper leaves sessile on expanded
sheath, with 5-10 mm long lobes; terminal leaves reduced, with 1—3 long,
filiform lobules (3—4 cm) or reduced to sheath. Umbels of 10—15 glabrous
rays; leaflets of involucel broadly obovate, scarious, nearly as long as
umbellet, completely enclosing young umbel; fruit oblong, with protruding
ribs; styles slightly longer than stylopodium. May—June.
Artemisia steppes, semideserts, solonetzic meadows. — Centr: Asia:
Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu-Tarb. (foothills of Dzungarian Ala-Tau}, T.Sh.,
Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from Balkhash.
Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1010. SESELOPSIS Schischk.
Schischk. in Mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. im. V.L. Komarova AN SSSR, XIII (1950) 159
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or slightly reddish, obcordate,
deeply notched, with short acute inward lobe curved; fruit (young) broadly
ovoid, glabrous, smooth; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed;
mericarps with 5 triangular, winglike protruding ribs; canals single under
valleculae, large, 2 toward commissure; albumen pentagonal, inflated to-
ward commissure. Biennial herbs, with tuberlike root with thickened skin.
Monotypic genus, as yet known only from Tien Shan.
1. S. tianschanicum Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. XIII
(1950) 159.
Biennial; root tuberlike, thickened; entire plant glabrous, glaucescent;
stem 80—100cm high, single, erect, hollow, branching from middle; radical
leaves early withering; lower cauline leaves with petioles as long as blade,
299
416
gradually expanding to oblong sheath, their blade ovate, bipinnate, 10-18 cm
long, 8-15 cm wide; primary lobes of 3 petioluled pairs, dissected into
few lanceolate-linear 2—8 cm long, 1—4mm wide, acute lobules; upper
leaves smaller, simple-pinnate, sessile on expanded sheath; uppermost
leaves entire. Umbels 4—8cm across, terminating stem and branches,
of 8—18 unequal apically acutely scabrous rays; involucre absent; umbel-
lets 1—1.2 cm across, of 20 rays; involucels of 4—9 narrowly linear unequal
leaflets; unripe fruit 2—2.5mm long, ca. 1.5mm wide; styles reflexed,
114 times the length of the stylopodium. Second half of July—August.
(Plate XXX, Figure 13.)
Stony slopes and rocks, 2,000—2,500 m.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh. Endemic.
Described from Ketmen-Tau Range. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1011.* MURETIA** Boiss.
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sér.I (1844) 148
Flowers bisexual, calyx edenticulate, petals yellow, broadly ovate, taper-
ing at apex, withinward curved tip, stylopodium flattened, with undulant margin,
styles short, fruit cylindrical, linear or ovoid, smooth or with slightly pro-
truding ribs and broadly inflated interstitial furrows, mericarps with narrow
commissure, resinous canals 2—3 in each furrow, narrow, barely visible in
ripe fruit, 4—6 toward commissure, carpophore parted at apex, seeds flat
or slightly inflated inside, pericarp thin, stereomes developed, outer peri-
carp of prismatic cells. Single stemmed, monocarpic, paniculately branch-
ing, geophilous herbs, with leaves multisect into small narrow lobules.
1. Fruit ovoid, leaves dissected into long filiform lobules; plants with
jonbusvexsnate orsloe Lee andere ols eae 5. M. fragrantissima (Lipsky) K.-Pol.
+r Fruit cylindrical, linear, leaves dissected into small lobules; plant
Waliblatasinatl@ clos? 4 suai. - Meee mere. Be BGrai., a i ae: hae ety eee DY
2 leaves imosibly imirosette stem tewoleaved ss 0 . vari i-n eee eee
SA ahs Sab CE AMEE Std OA ek RR rr) en ete eo oct cs OE 4. M. oeroilanica Korov.
ar leaves spaced more ordessiunitormilys).§ 0. ae ee eee 3.
Sr Terminal lobules of leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit oblong-cylindrical,
lDreOwia, Wawaoue CligtuMct iOS 2.555060 c oo Os 3. M. transitoria Korov.
te weaves dissectedmMntomnaisrownliinearc lobule sia iene enc Cnc een nee 4,
4. Umbels of 5—7 thin, to 20 mm long rays, leaf lobules linear; ovary
Withjobsicunemabs: jpetalisslonempeRsiSte mt, yeu. sel) ein ei ei-ee ener
dd test ten Pores -actth uditentd Qe toys rma ies ee 1. M. lutea (M.B.) Boiss.
+7 Umbels of 3—5, to 15mm long, thick rays, leaf lobules narrowly
linear ovaryer ibbeds petals) acapidily, decidwous) ) 96) open sen eee
Heaths Hiade aaedks, Haters: eee 2. M. transcaspica Korov.
Section 1. ENUMERETIA Korov. in Addenda XV, 432.— Fruit cylin-
drical, elongate, leaves without expanded sheaths.
* Treatment by E. P. Korovin.
** Named after the Swiss botanist Joh. Muret.
300
417
1. M. lutea (M.B.) Boiss. in Ann. Se. Nat. 3 sér. 1 (1844) 143 et
EP sor Ha(@sir2)no 58; —schnmiadlios steels SOG 7h iKoroy., sn iSchedistad! Herb.
Fl; As. Med. X (1926) 12; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 213. —
M. tanaicensis Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sér. I (1844) 143. —
M. aurea Boiss. l. c. (1844).— Bunium luteum M. B. ex Hoffm.
Umbell. Gen. (1814) 108; M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 207; Ldb. Fl.
Ross. II, 251.— Sium luteum Spreng. Sp. Umbell. (1813) 92.—
Drepanophyllum luteum Eichw. Skizze (1831) 257. — Ic.: Fl. Yugo-
WOSiSs Wi, ine. DINE
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, with oblong-ovoid tuber; stem thin,
smooth, to 80cm high, with white longitudinal striae, paniculately branching
in upper part, branches spreading, with short lateral branches; leaves thin,
rapidly deciduous; radical and lower cauline leaves on petioles gradually
passing to amplexicaul sheath, their blade sparse, oblong-lanceolate, bipinna-
tisect, segments of second order deeply parted into short, 6 mm long, linear,
slightly scabrous lobules; upper leaves reduced to sheath. Umbels many,
on short peduncles, of 6—12, fertile compressed, to 30 mm long rays; leaf-
lets of involucre 5, lanceolate, membranous; umbellets 12—15-flowered,
with involucre of oblong-oval curved leaflets; petals elliptic, tapering, with
inward curved tip,0.3mm long; fruit dark brown, cylindrical, 4mm long,
with thin filiform ribs; resinous canals narrow, irregularly arranged;
seeds flat toward commissure. June—July.
Steppes, sandy places, among crops. — European part: Transv., L. V.,
ia Domes eUe Dnps, » Crimes Caucasus. Gisel) Wr oibecia, 1U. Robs (ss):
Endemic. Described from Krasnoarmeisk (former Sarepta). Type in
Leningrad.
Economic importance. The plant seems to possess toxic properties
which have not been investigated. Poisoning of sheep and cattle has oc-
curred on pastures where the plant was growing as well as from hay.
2. M. transcaspica Korov. in Schedis ad H.F.A.M. fasc. X (1926) 10
(nomen); Addenda XV, 598.
Perennial; pale green slightly scabrous plant with oblong tuber; stem
with white striae, to 1m high, twice branching in panicle, branches upright;
cauline leaves on short soft petioles, their blade oblong-oval, many times (3?)
pinnatisect into narrow linear lobules; upper leaves reduced to short sheaths.
Umbels of 3—5 unequal, to 1.5mm long rays, with involucre of 3 oblong leaf-
lets; umbellets small; leaflets of involucels elliptic, membranous, brown,
as long as umbellets; petals broadly obovate, with acuminate inward curved
tip; fruit (unripe) obcordate, furrowed; resinous canals single in furrows,
broad, 3 narrow ones in ribs and 2 toward commissure. June—July.
Gentle mountain slopes, lower belt. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet
Dagh). Endemic. Described from Kopet Dagh. Type in Tashkent.
3. M. transitoria Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, V (1924)
NS bpcSe-ie rey Abas INO Zaire
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous, with ovoid tuberculate tuber; stem
ca. 1m high, with white striae, leafy, spreading-branching from middle to
form wide panicle, branches thin, with short lateral branches; leaves long-
petioled, the upper reduced to short sheaths, blade of lower leaves oblong,
301
418
419
bipinnatisect, its secondary segments pinnapartite into linear-lanceolate,
4mm long, 1mm wide lobules. Umbels of 3—% unequal, to 30 mm long
rays; umbellets 10—12-flowered, involucre and involucels of 5 lanceolate
membranous leaflets; petals broadly ovate, with acute inward curved tip,
0.5mm long; fruit oblong-ovoid, yellow-olive, shiny, slightly furrowed
but without distinct ribs; mericarps pentagonal in cross section; resinous
canals many, narrow; seeds convex toward commissure. June—July.
Gentle herbaceous slopes, woody-shrubby mountain belt. — Centr. Asia:
T. Sh. (Kirghiz, Tashkent, Talass Ala-~Tau). Endemic. Described from
W. Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
4. M. oeroilanica Korov. in Addenda XV, 431.
Perennial; glaucous, subglabrous plant, with ovoid tuberculate tuber;
stem furrowed, to 80cm high, branching from middle to produce panicle,
branches thickened; leaves mostly in rosette, their petioles short, dilated,
scabrous at margins; cauline leaves reduced, the upper without blade,
blade of radical leaves oval-lanceolate, many times (3—4) pinnatisect into
dense, linear, 2—3 mm long lobules. Umbels of 4—5 irregular 5—25mm
long rays; involucre of 3—5 oblong-lanceolate leaflets; umbellets few-
flowered, their involucels of oblong-oval, membranous leaflets concealing
umbellet; petals broadly ovate, with acute inward curved tip; fruit (unripe)
oblong, cylindrical, furrowed, with prominent ribs, 2.5mm long; resinous
canals many. June—July.
Gypsiferous sands, mountain semidesert zone. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
Endemic. Described from Badkhyz. Type in Tashkent.
Section 2. GALAGANIA (Lipsky) Korov.— Galagania Lipsky in
Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 62, pro gen. — Fruit ovoid, leaves with broad
sheath.
5. M. fragrantissima (lipsky) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose.
N. 5. XXIX (1915) 204.— Galagania fragrantissima lipsky im
Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 63.— Bunium fragrantissimumee-role
Co ix Glu. he Ss NOR ema
Perennial; entirely glabrous green plant, with spherical or ovoid tuber;
stem to 1m high, thin, with white striae, branching at middle to produce
broad spreading panicle, branches thin, with short lateral branches; leaves
thin, rapidly withering, with disagreeable odor, the radical petioled, with
triangular blade, many times (3—4) pinnatisect into filiform, long, 1—2.5 cm
long, 0.2—0.3 mm wide spreading lobules; cauline leaves similar, smaller,
sessile on lanceolate coriaceous sheaths, with recurved margins; upper
leaves reduced to small scales. Umbels of 4—6 compressed, unequal rays,
the outer 2—3 times as long as the inner, to 25 mm long, glabrous; involucre
of 5 lanceolate curved leaflets; umbellets 5—10-flowered, involucels similar
to involucre; flowers on thin unequal pedicels; petals ovate, yellow, dis-
tinctly tapering at base; fruit obpyriform or nearly elliptic, with inconspicu-
ous ribs; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula, 1 larger than the others,
canals hardly visible in ripe fruit; stylopodium conical, !/,—1', length of
fruit, styles thickish, reflexed, shorter than stylopodium; albumen inflated
toward commissure. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 14.)
302
420
Herbaceous mountain slopes in steppe belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh.
(Kirghiz, Tashkent Ala~Tau), Pam.-Al. (Alai Range, Gissar Range),
Syr D. (Mal'guzar Mountains). Endemic. Described from the foothills
of Pamir-Alai and Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The plants contain to 0.3% essential oil
(Kudryashev) and are strongly aromatic, especially the fruits (hence their
specific name). Distillation of fresh specimens yields 0.019—0.3% of a
pale yellow essential oil with a sharp smell, suitable for practical uses.
Genus 1012.* KORSHINSKYA ** Lipsky
Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 60
Flowers bisexual, calyx with short inconspicuous teeth; petals greenish-
yellow, curved inward, obtuse or slightly notched, dilated at apex; stylo-
podium flattened; styles short; fruit rounded, compressed laterally; meri-
carps with narrow commissure, smooth, without distinct ribs; resinous
canals broad, appearing like narrow slits, 1 in each vallecula, 2 toward
commissure; mesocarp thin, homogeneous, stereomes not highly developed;
seeds slightly concave toward commissure. Perennial herbs with thick-
ened root and dissected leaves, deciduous at flowering.
Two species, in the southern part of Central Asia. Some authors unite
it with Physospermum (Drude, 1898, Kozo-Polyanskii, 1916), which
differs in the color of the petals and shape of the seeds (orthospermous).
All considered, it should be recognized as a distinct genus.
1. Leaflets of involucre and involucels foliate, umbellets 15—20-flowered
eee Mec oe dienes at Sook cecal tO Tomei 1. K. olgae (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky.
si Leaflets of involucre and involucels narrowly lanceolate, umbellets
SHE Mlowered +) + Li eRe eee ey Seems 2. K. bupleuroides Korov.
1. K. olgae (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVII (1900)
60.— Physospermum olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit.
est. antr. i etn. XVIII (1881) 40; Kozo-Pol. in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. sada,
Ill, IV (1915) 153.— Conopodium olgae K.-Pol. in Byull. Mosk.
Obshch. isp. prir. XXIX, nov. ser. (1915) 205.—Ic.: Lipsk. in Tr. Bot.
Sada, XXIII (1904) tabl. VII, fig. 1—5.
Perennial; violet, entirely glabrous plant; root thickened, turnip-shaped,
bearing several short laterals; stem 50—80 cm high, straight, thinly fur-
rowed below, angular-faceted above, its neck covered with fibrous leaf
remnants, branching from middle, branches alternate, the lower not reach-
ing level of axial umbel; radical and lower cauline leaves with long flattened
petioles, incompletely embracing stem, blade triangular-oval, bipinnatisect,
its sections nearly pinnatipartite into lanceolate obtuse entire or dentate
ca. 10mm long, 3mm wide lobules; median leaves short-petioled, with
simple blade; upper leaves sessile, reduced to lanceolate or oval-lanceolate,
sometimes opposite leaflets. Umbels double, the axial large, containing to
* Treatment by E.P. Korovin.
** Named after academician S. I. Korzhinskii (1861—1900), a notable botanist.
303
421
12 rays with the lateral at tips and along branches, rays furrowed, unequal,
to 14cm long in axial umbels, involucre of 3—5 unequal foliate lanceolate
to 3mm long leaflets; umbellets 15—20 (rarely to 25) flowered; pedicels
unequal, 5—12 mm long, involucels of 2—4 leaflets similar to involucral
leaflets, half length of pedicels; calyx with short triangular teeth; petals
broadly elliptic, apically dilated, 1.2mm long; fruit nearly cylindrical,
olive-colored, mericarps nearly circular in cross section, with slightly
protruding filiform ribs. July—August. (Plate XV, Figure 9.)
Gentle herbaceous slopes in central mountain belt. — Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan, Gissar ranges, Darvaz, Karategin, Kugitang Moun-
tains). Endemic. Described from Shakhimardan. Type in Leningrad.
2. K. bupleuroides Korov. in Not. Syst. ex Herb. H. Bot. Reip.
Russ. Vio lho2e gor
Perennial; pale green, entirely glabrous plant; root thickened, turnip-
shaped, with few branches; stem 35—45cm high, furrowed to apex, branch-
ing from middle or slightly above, branches alternate, the upper sometimes
approximate; radical and lower cauline leaves with long scabrous petioles,
their blade of lanceolate lobes, the upper reduced to short lanceolate sheaths.
Umbels more or less equal, of 6—9 unequal, 1-3 cm long rays; involucre
and involucels of short narrowly lanceolate leaflets; umbellets 6—9-flowered;
calyx short-toothed; petals elliptic with broadly notched apex, 1 mm long;
fruit (unripe) globose ovoid; mericarps rounded-angular, ribs inconspicuous.
June—July.
Calcareous outcrops in central mountain belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh.
(Mogol-Tau Mountains). Endemic. Described from Mogol-Tau (Popov
and Vvedenskii, No. 275). Type in Tashkent.
Genus 1013. CHAMAESCIADIUM * C. A.M.
C.A.M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 122 — Pimpinella § 22. Chamaesciadium O. Ktze.
in Post et O. Ktze. Lex. gen. phan. (1903) 439
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellowish, ovate-lanceolate, entire,
with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid-oblong, compressed laterally; meri-
carps with 5 filiform ribs; canals 3—4 under valleculae, 3—6 toward com-
missure; stylopodium short-conical, undulate at margin; styles reflexed,
longer than stylopodium; albumen subcircular in cross section, flat toward
commissure. Perennial, nearly acaulescent herbs, with simple or com-
pound umbels and bipinnate leaves.
A monotypic genus common to the high ranges of the Caucasus, Asia
Minor, Turkish Armenia and Iran.
i) @.,acaule (MiB) Borssavhils oray Il (18 2)686 O-n Shiaacil"o ples
3937 Grosse,, Ply Kavk Mit 59. Ch flaves'eems (Cy ANI Wierzenehrar
Pil Cauc (les 22; > lkdb- hile Ross. 11253), = Badu meta Camille hee.
Pil Staur canes 1Cre0s) 2122 Wes Prodre wv. 16s) Anim is arelanumite
Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 122 et in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 530. —
Carum acaule K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. N.S. XXIX (1915) 197.
* From the Greek chamai — onthe ground, scias — umbrella.
304
422
425
Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root vertical, thick (ca. 1 cm),
multicipital; plant acaulescent or with short, 2-10 cm long stem, rarely
stem to 20cm high; all leaves radical, oblong, their petioles as long as
blade, gradually dilated into sheath; blade 2—3 cm long, ca. 1 cm wide,
bipinnatisect, lower primary lobes on petiolules, the upper sessile, ter-
minal lobes linear, 2—4 mm long, ca. 0.6mm wide, acute. Umbels of
11—13 ribbed glabrous rays; general peduncle mostly absent, umbellets
on more or less long stipes borne on undeveloped stem, often spreading
along ground; involucre of 5—7 linear entire acute or pinnatisect leaflets
with scarious margin, with linear lobes; umbellets 15—21-flowered, with
glabrous pedicels, hardly thickening in fruit; involucels of 7—10 linear
acute entire or pinnatifid leaflets with scarious margin; petals white or
yellowish, entire, 1.3mm long; fruit ovoid, 3.5—4 mm long, ca. 2mm wide;
stylopodium flat; styles longer than stylopodium, reflexed. July. (Plate XXX,
Figure 15.)
Pebbly slopes in alpine belt.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E., W. and
S. Transe. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range), Arm.-Kurd., Iran.
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. In alpine meadows the plant is readily grazed
by cattle. According to N. Troitskii it contains 12.83% ash, 14.14% pro-
tein, 3.52% oil, 28.76% cellulose, and 40.75% nitrogen-free extractive
substances.
Note. Anisocarpy due to one of the mericarps not developing is
frequent. Often one of the mericarps is reduced to a rudiment; as a
consequence, a slit is formed between the mericarps at the apex of the
HIE WEL I.
Genus 1014. PIMPINELLA * L.
L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 263. — Tragoselinum Mill. Dict. ed. 4 (1754); Adans. Fam. II (1763) 95.—
Tragium Spreng. Pl. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 26. - Ledeburia Link, Enum. hort. Berol. I (1821) 286. —
Carum Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 719, ex p. - Apium sect. VI Pimpinella Calest. in Webbia, I
(1905) 177
Flowers bisexual, calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals all equal, glabrous
or dorsally pubescent, notched, with small inward curved lobe, white, rarely -
pinkish or purple; involucre and involucels present or absent or the latter
of 1 to few leaflets; fruit ovoid-globular or ovoid, more or less constricted
along commissure, glabrous or bristly-hairy or densely pubescent, slightly
compressed laterally; stylopodium pulviniform or conical; styles thin,
divergent or recurved, usually long, ribs filiform, vallecule with 2—3 canals,
endosperm dorsally more or less obtusely pentagonal or cylindrical, flat
or slightly notched toward commissure. Perennial, sometimes woody at
base, rarely biennial or annual herbs, pubescent or glabrous, with simple
or bi-tripinnate leaves.
* The name was first used by Benedictum Crispum (7th century of the common era), later by Simon
Januensem (13th century); origin unknown.
305
(422)
PLATE XXVII. 1— Pimpinella puberula (DC.) Boiss; 2—P.litophila Schischk.; 3—Fal-
caria falcarioides (Bornm. et Wolff) Wolff.
306
426
Ovary and fruit glabrous (subgenus Tragoselinum (Mill.)
Sechnlsclakea wie Woe PAR ons ie Meder Eveline Weue deb ecm, pn kMbery eee eens enema yes (ool. Dre
Ovary and fruit pubescent or short-scabrous (subgenus Tragium
(Sprsenies)PRICIO! i igs Gab Aes me (Plane Rowe p= eniemien cnt Wieniewra eitnemelie ail“ oF
Involucre and involucels present.....--- 8. BP. anthriscoides Boiss.
Involucre and involucels absent or involucre l-leaved .......... ob
All leaves radical, stem leafless, plant glabrous (S. Transcaucasia)
RR ary No. Se cs Ewes, «PALS SNebe Remon os ic Bh aaeektede 5. P. nudicaulis Trautv.
Radical and lower cauline leaves ternately bipinnate with narrow,
1—3 mm wide and 1—4 cm long terminal lobules (S. Transcaucasia) .
mA ee ER ores Lary tars leans Stee ae 7. P. peucedanifolia Fisch.
Radical leaves simple or bipinnate, if the latter then terminal lobules
wacdercgandi shorter) ety esa eee Ce SE ee en area Ea Di.
Stem hollow with acute ribs (W. European part of USSR)..........
Edin op ROSE A ho, hi DMs ee ee eRe rile ea een et ace Se Bch cece Ga Etemajor Huds.
Stem not hollow, cylindrical, thinly furrowed (without acute GIS) on. OF.
Median and upper cauline leaves differing little from the lower, lobes
of lower leaves often bipinnatifid; outer petals ca. 1.5mm, rarely
1mm long; styles after flowering 1.5—2 mm long, longer than young
feuit rl peLermty 2p — se onmmlong rib sys timet Wie." a wenn: - = = re
Stem covered above with sheaths lacking blades, median cauline leaves
markedly differing from the lower, more cut and with narrower ter-
minal lobules; outer petals ca. 1mm long; styles not exceeding 1mm
after flowering, shorter than young fruit; ripe fruit not more than
i igauanr IeharanNwabelal loysvoubhae sells 6 5 5 6 og go oo Gono 1. P. saxifraga L.
Petals purple-pink or pink, very rarely white (Caucasus) .........-
pnb at co A Tc aE RRMES be O EST ca Aare oe ee mika 4. P. rhodantha Boiss.
Stem covered with short retrorse hairs in lower half, petioles of
radical leaves pubescent, fruit 3mm long (Far East and Transbaikalia)
Re RA Maa Se ci cane te Batwa URN aekay a) ceca’ (atl alsin a ee 3. P. thellungiana Wolff.
Stem glabrous or slightly pubescent below, like radical leaves; fruit
2—2.5mm long (W. European part of USSR)..... Jee Es dissectaghietz:
Annuals, with thin root (Centr. Asia) ... 21. BP. puberula (DC.) Boiss.
Peremmele Ore jolemmels 5555 0cocanonoas5onogs0D oC oo HOOD 10.
involucner. andro lticel Sialo Sieiaitem. omen -/aeuecmr- seule elite) a) cl-t tM - Neiem tone It
Involucre and involucels present or only niveliie als PRESENT Wwe a - ZO o
Stylopodium elongate-conical, gradually passing to styles; biennials..
eRe RD Rte eee ae eee od Deh Bd SIRs ee ol, ci) SPER ed RRS OR Me bist se Ze
Stylopodium flat-pulviniform; perennials ........-:.-......+.--. 14,
Umbelsionb—l0s raysn(@Caucasus) i ak) ven: see: Egeoeeevaromatica MM. 5:
Winaibelish oie LO 45 ticcyiShe Ce VAI Ah CRM) oer ee teks cme te isles eer eineMmamtca te lire IB<
Fruit 2mm long, styles erect-divergent; umbel compressed in fruit
(@rciimle ay) Ty. eat RE AE ES t 19. P. taurica (Ldb.) Steud.
Fruit 1—1.5mm long, styles reflexed, umbels not compressed in fruit
(Caucasustandi€ enticeyAsia) eee. Ue. ene wer eee 20. P. affinis Ldb.
307
427
14. Leaves bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, usually with narrow (1—2(4) mm)
terminal J@bull@si’ sf ie Bed oe Rees oe alge ene Nae
als Leaves simple pinnate, leaflets with varying margins, more or less
deeply dentate: .hes Brcidace als, 6 6 SW) eral ce we) se emeen rel ok RNR aang ee ie
10) Umbel rays 5—9, leaves subglabrous or with spreading velutinous
hairs? (Caucasus) |. itl Aeeenk Sebo te sere Ge
a Umbel rays 10—20, leaves with dense and grayish pubescence
(Eunepean.partiot USSR) e060 sy ees oe et en Boke 6 18.
L6reieebetals clabrous outside sa iaeiee. ofeok 11. P. daghestanica Schischk.
+ Petals: densely shairynoutside, 25. fe doe ele © ee ce eee ee We
Hie leavesiisubelabrousls oi mviet ess Bat Seer 12. P. idae Takht.
ate Leaves with short velutinous hairs ...13. P. grossheimii Schischk.
LB. Leaves tripinnate, terminal lobules narrow, 0.6mm wide ........
5 ee eee ters. LeSig Ot At Shee 10. P. tomiophylla (Woron.) Stank.
+r Leaves bipinnatisect, lobules wider, 1—4mm wide ..............
is a Steers 2 SB TOES Oe Ee ae 9. P. titanophila Woron.
WD). aap Gimbele rays 5=LO(20\ Ms cco SS oe a ete a oe 2 ee 20.
1 UmbelkrayisohO=25) Gavotte) LLGLOn. Leo pees... wl ace ey See Pak
20. Styles short after flowering (0.5—0.8 mm), fruit finely scabrous,
subglabrous before cipeniney (Murckimenia)): 10202) Seren Clem eeneee
8 Me rand CONS 0 BLN REEMA BES centro. (6™ oo ta ge tek nea e Rams. F 17. BP. litvinovii Schischk.
7° Styles 1.5—2mm long after flowering; fruit densely hairy (Crimea)
NAR a RL pre BN BABAR: UL 16. P. lithophila Schischk.
Zale Umbel rays usually densely hairy; styles not exceeding 2mm after
HO WwieIIMNe tires he.. sae sweaet.t Be ele: 15. P. turcomanica Schischk.
+r Umbel rays sparsely pubescent, sometimes subglabrous; styles
7p oi onewat Howerilneon): .). Sea seus 14. P. confusa Woron.
DQ Keatletstotanvoluckerandmnvolucelis! Sy Aes aise ae een ee PNK
1 Involucre absent, involucels 3—5-leaved...23. P. armena Schischk.
23. Blennialssumbelsrot i0—2 0 mays, petalis) wiltite nies.) sane Sacer enemee
Br PRL a ie ON, wos" ol cash EMME foo ee tro Ta. Uh RNa a a 22. P. ramosa Schischk.
ate Perennials;umbelsvoi2—oirzays) petals) sreenish W..-a-0s tl) eee
24. P. korshinskyi Schischk.
er netmel (e: “eer hel tiay le: ef jem ies, eh ce JemenNe:. (egizet te’ fel o Me” isiuee Yio
Subgenus 1. Tragoselinum (Mill.) Schischk. — Genus Trago-
selinum Mill. Dict. ed. 4 (1754).— Sect. Tragoselinum Drude in
Engl. Pflanzenfam. Il], 7—8 (1898) 196.— Fruit glabrous, perennial herbs.
Series 1. Eu-Saxifragae Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 228. —
Involucre and involucels absent.
bar Retsaxiiragabl:, Sp. plaids) 2638ecexcl) wart db: eh laehiosse alr
29,9; Boiss... or. ll, Si3sishmaitic., ol, 1, seaieiceyie tlie sdor
Villies2075;) Grosset) Puliekavicwilliys 61), = Pre hsiteic imata wViadiley Ganges aD acie
eds Vill (1768), No. 33— Pi latifolia Gilib.. Fl. lithuan. 11 (@7e2)42—432—
Pi variifolia,Salisb. Prodrn: (1796)1689— PRP. rosea “Lindenim Bull
poca Nat Mosc (1850) IV, 488.— Pim .ajorrGrosish. oil Kaveh ede
non Huds) — i apiosie Tamia) aaays) | Watmae mene atrearaies 5 Il gare) ite
Rupr. Fl ingr. 439.— 1. saxifragum Moench Meth. (1794) 999—
308
428
L7R8)
Carum saxifraga Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 120.— Selinum
pimpinella E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. 2 Aufl. XII
(1904) 53.— Apium tragoselinum Crantz, Class. Umbellif.
emend. (1767) 100.— A. saxifragum Calest. in Webbia, I (1905)
ase = ic seR ch. len fl) Germ SO tabel SooatiVia—" Exs Gane.
No. 1473, a,b,c, No.1474; Fl. Finl. exs. No. 831 (var. rotundi-
MoM Scop) 1 polonsexs NO. Oobr
Perennial; root fusiform, branching, its neck covered with fibrous
leaf remnants; stem 15—60cm high, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, branching,
with rosette of radical leaves leafy only in lower part, nearly leafless
above, like leaves short-haired or subglabrous; leaves pinnate, the lower
with petioles 10—20 cm long, their blade ovate or rounded-ovate (var.
rotundifolia Scop.), obtuse, large-toothed, short- petiolate or 3—) pairs
of sessile leaflets; terminal leaflets often 3-lobed or 3-partite; median
cauline leaves with cuneate leaflets more deeply cut into narrow lobes at
base, nearly pinnate, sessile on sheaths; upper leaves with simple pin-
nate or 3-partite small blade with lanceolate or sublinear lobes; upper-
most leaves with reduced blade. Umbels 5—8 cm across, of 6—21 thin
glabrous rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals white, rarely pink,
bristly-hairy outside, ca. 1mm long; fruit glabrous, short-ovoid, 2—2.5mm
long, 1.5—-2mm wide. June—August.
Fallow fields, edges of forests, pine forests, exposed slopes, reaching
the subalpine mountain belt. — European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm.,
Dv.-Pech., Balt., U.Dnp., U.V., V.-Kama, M.Dnp., V.-Don, Transv.,
Un Dist Bi, Dont Ie Vins (Crim- (near ointieropol! and Dolgorukovskaya
Yaila); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E., S. and W. Transc. (not found in
Talysh?); W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: Yenis., Ang.-Say.; Centr.
Asia: Ar.-Casp.(N.). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl.Eur., Med.,
Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from European dry meadows.
Type in London.
Economic importance. Steam distillation of the root of P. saxifraga
yielded 0.02—0.4% essential oil with a disagreeable smell.
2. P. dissecta Retz. Obs. III (1783) 30, tab.2; Prytz. Fl. Fenn.
breviar. (1819-1821) 90.—? P. laciniata Gilib. Fl. lithuan. Il (1782)
=P recitctistit aloraor eral) Onc bs adbits syere) Lave onlritae eV allie: Sched.
erit. (1822) 124.— P. saxifraga var. dissectifolia Koch, Synops.
ecln2) (G43 —=1845) SiG)! ladon EN Ross), Milo; eu shia lope tS oti
le) Retz Icy tab. i —Exs..) GOR] Fr. Nor 1474) (sub PS isaxit paga
Varencisisie Gtimolaa Wallis)" Pl) pHiniewexse Nowso2 | |submhams aoc
fraga B. dissecta (M.B.) Spreng.].
Perennial: stem 60—90 cm high, like leaves glabrous or very short-
haired, branching nearly from base with obliquely ascending branches;
radical leaves early withering, lower cauline leaves ovate or triangular-
ovate, their petioles usually longer than blade, blade bipinnatisect, 10—12cm
long, 6—7 cm wide, with oblong- linear, 0.5—2 cm long, 1—2 mm wide, acute
lobules: upper leaves smaller and less dissected, sessile on oblong sheath,
the uppermost without blade. Umbels 2.5—4cm across, of 13-17 glabrous
rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals white, broadly ovate, ca.1mm
long, notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit glabrous, ovoid, 2—2.5 mm long,
309
430
ca. 1.45 mm wide, hardly constricted at apex, ribs inconspicuous,
stylopodium short-conical, styles divergent, long (1.5—2 mm), with
capitate stigma. June—August.
Pine forests, mixed and oak forests on sandy soil, riparian and
lacustrine sands, hilly slopes, fluvial plains, fallow sandy fields. —
European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Balt., U.Dnp., U.Dns. Gen.
distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Europe. Type in Lund.
Note. This species has not yet been found west of the Leningrad,
Pskov, Velikolutskaya and the Smolensk regions. Although P. lacini-
ata has priority it cannot be accepted as it is impossible to decide
whether it:referns to P. saxifmaga 4. -s. 1. or P) major) (ss) eadudse
3. P. thellungiana Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1929) 304.—
P. dahurica Turcz. ex Bess. in Flora, XVII (1834) I Beibl. p.13,
nom. nud.— P. saxifraga lLdb. Fl. Ross. II, 255, quoad plantam
dahuricam.— P. magna 8. dissecta Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I
(1842-1845) 473, non DC.; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. Il, 144; Kom. and
Klob.-Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 803.
Perennial; stems 20—80cm high, usually few, straight, cylindrical,
thinly furrowed, covered with short retrorse hairs in lower half, slightly
branching above; radical leaves 15—25cm long, their petioles long pubes-
cent, as long as or twice as long as blade, blade ovate-oblong, pinnate,
with 3—5 pairs of primary leaflets; leaflets sparsely hairy above, more
densely covered with curly hairs beneath, with ciliate margins, oblong or
subrounded, cuneately tapering to base, ca. 2—3.5cm long, 1.5—2.5cm
wide, ovate-lanceolate, large-toothed or lobed or pinnatifid; cauline
leaves Similar, with larger leaflets; uppermost leaves with reduced
blade, sessile on sheaths. Umbels 2.5—6cm across, of 12—15 filiform
glabrous nearly equal rays; involucre and involucels absent; umbellets
15—20-flowered; pedicels filiform, glabrous; petals glabrous, obcordate,
ca. 1mm long, with narrow acute inward curved tip; fruit narrowly ovoid,
ca. 3mm long; stylopodium short-conical, abruptly passing into thin
straight slightly divergent styles; ribs filiform, valleculae with 3 canals,
4—6 canals toward commissure. July.
Meadows (sometimes solonetzic), abandoned fields, sand dunes. —
E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.
(China, Manchuria?). Described from the Far East. Type in Berlin.
4. P. rhodantha Boiss. in Tchihatcheff, Asie Min. Bot. I (1860)
4145) Boiss VM pors al, 67 4;.yshmalio. Flat 393: Grosseas Hee icaia
MT 160. — P. dissecta M: B. Fl: taues-icauc. 1(1\808),241; mom Retz
(1783).— P. magna ©. rosea Stev. ex DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 120;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 254.— P. magna Hohen. Enum. Elisabethpol. (1833)
223.— P. magna dissecta Hichw. Plant. nov. vel minus cogn. in
itinere casp.-cauc. (1831—1833) 31.— Exs.: G.R.F. No.1767; Herb. Fl.
cauc. No. 436; Pl. orient. exs. No.191.
Perennial; rhizome short, ascending; stem 20—100cm high, thinly
pubescent, ribbed, branching in lower half; radical leaves with more or
less long petioles abruptly passing into oblong, dilated whitish or violet
310
431
sheath, with petioles 10—20cm long, 3—5 cm wide, simple pinnate, lobes
broadly ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse, largely incised-dentate, some-
times nearly lobed; lower leaves on short petioles, the upper sessile
1.5—2.4cm long, 1—2 cm wide; upper leaves sessile on sheath, smaller
and less cut, nearly bipinnate, with oblong-linear lobules. Umbels
2.5—5 cm across, of 10—20 smooth nearly equal rays; involucre and
involucels absent; pedicels more or less hairy; petals pink-purple,
rarely white (var. albiflora Bordz.); fruit glabrous, ovoid, 2.6mm
long, 1.2 mm wide; stylopodium nearly cylindrical. July.
Subalpine meadows.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E. and S. Transc.
Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min., Iran. Described from mountains
near Gyumyushkhan. Type in Geneva.
Per nucicavliceirautve, 1m) Ure Bots sada wIl(lSi3)\h41 3-mebOlsisy bile
or. Suppl. (1884) 254; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 160.— P. squamosa
KMargiacin wi Sot. inst. Bakuselh (1936) 26a"
Perennial; root thick, producing reduced apical shoots, densely covered
with dead petioles; stems few, 30—70 cm high, straight or ascending at
base, glabrous, branching above; radical leaves numerous with long peti-
oles, linear-oblong, with petioles 7—11 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, pinnate, with
2—3 pairs of sessile primary leaflets, the distal broadly ovate, large-toothed
or pinnatisect into lanceolate-linear lobules, glabrous or very rarely
slightly scabrous-hairy; cauline leaves few, sometimes absent, small,
with linear lobules. Umbels of 5—9 irregular smooth rays; involucre
and involucels absent; petals white, very small, ca. 0.5mm long, hardly
notched; fruit ovoid, 2.5mm long, ca. 1mm wide, smooth; stylopodium
short-conical, styles slightly longer than stylopodium, reflexed. June.
Stony, often limestone slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd. Described from Kazikoparan Mountains (formerly Surma-
linskii district). Type in Leningrad.
Ceeeeemajoru@e)) auds kn amelie eda) (hiGO2)plO eval MeiGarcde, Diet,
ed. Vill (1768) No.1; Wolffin Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 289. —
Pe Soren nay aro Ge Mae Sp. spill (Lo) 2O4n— pe irae nas ele. Nant:
LL (LG) BLS. Ilo TEL IO SS5 Il, Ate SloveaeNlios Tl ESO Sige IPs 2) Wise ie abe
Aca Viili Gard: Dieta edeVilll (768)! No-os— PF orrentalis | Govan
hist. (iis) 21.— Peom&edia Weber in Wige. Prim. bl’ Holsat. (i 782)
Zoom ous tat ola (Gilibe ly dithuanalis(di 82) 422 =" Pre bmara
Hoppe et Schleich. ex Spreng. in Schult. Syst. Veg. V1 (1820) 384. —
P. tenuifolia Schwaegr. et Koerte ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. II, 2 (1841)
335.— P. rugosa Kunze in Flora, XXIX (1846) 654.— Tragoselinum
majus Lam. Fl. Franc. III (1778) 448.— T. magnum Moench, Meth.
(1794) 99.—- Carum magnum Baill. Hist. Pl. VII (1880) 178.—
EepaaeaAy home Mes ta Caren) Paris Es itals Wellin S89) 452) — less
Eve oee etal s OVE =tallop 2). Exc as Ge ke Ee Now 2os4: Pik hinieexss INO; 830:
E. Woloszczak, Fl. polon. exs. No. 728.
Perennial; root fusiform, branching; stem 40—100 cm high, straight,
hollow, deeply furrowed, glabrous, with clusters of leaves at base; lower
leaves petioled, simple-pinnate, with 2—4 pairs of ovate or oblong, 2.5—7 cm
long, 1—4 cm wide, cuneate acute or acuminate, rounded or slightly cordate,
311
432
435
unequally acute- or incised-dentate leaflets with scabrous margins,
lower leaves petioled, the upper sessile, terminal leaflets 3-lobed or
3-partite, median and upper cauline leaves sessile on dilated sheath
with white scarious margin, leaflets narrower, more deeply dissected;
uppermost leaves small, trifid or obsolete. Umbels of 9-15 thin glab-
rous rays; involucre and involucels usually absent; petals white or pink,
the outer ca. 1.4mm long; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2.5—3.5mm long, 1.5—2 mm
wide, dorsal ribs protruding, canals 4 under valleculae, 4 toward com-
missure, styles 1.5—2mm long. July—August.
Shrubby formations, forest edges, in forests; to 62—63°N — European
part: .Kar Lap.,..luad.-llm., Balt... U. Dnp.,.M.Dnp.) U.Wus 7 Bese
Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. (N. Bal-
kans). Described from England. Type in London.
Series 2. Peucedanifoliae Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927)
289.— Lower leaves ternately pinnate, with elongate terminal lobules.
7. P. peucedanifolia Fisch. in Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 256; Grossg.,
Bio Kravis sl slGl .— > iG lhetc econ mm .VWoron, lag. sSOtaiias hams.
Komarova AN SSSR, ser. I, 1(1933) 219.— Carum peucedanifolium
Ke Polk ings. Soca Naga Vos eaisae Sa DOCG (LSE) el 9Se
Perennial; plant thinly scabrous-hairy in lower half, subglabrous above;
root neck densely covered with brown fibrous remnants of petioles; stems
thin, branching, 35—90cm high; radical leaves long-petioled, ovate-oblong,
twice ternate-pinnate, into narrowly linear (var. quercetorum (Wor.)
Schischk.), linear-oblong or lanceolate, 1—4 cm long, 0.5—3 mm wide, acute,
lobules, flat or with rolled margins, entire or with 3 distal teeth; cauline
leaves smaller, less dissected, the uppermost reduced to a few colored,
gradually acuminate sheaths. Umbels 2.5—4cm across, of 5—8(17) thin
glabrous or hairy, unequal cylindrical rays; involucre absent or 1-leaved;
umbellets 1.5—2 cm across; 9—12-flowered; involucels absent; petals
white or slightly pink, glabrous; fruit ovoid, smooth, with 3 protruding
dorsal ribs, 3—4mm long,1.5mm wide. July—August.
Mountain oak forests, exposed slopes and rocks to 2,400 m.— Caucasus:
S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Kars region). Described from
Karabakh. Type in Leningrad.
Series 3. Anthriscoideae Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927)
289.— Involucre and involucels present.
8. BP. anthriscoides Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 874; Wolff in Engl.
Pilanzene-. ivi; 228 (1927) 306.—2)) Pojenuiciayta, valgais ome ier
Bordz. in Fedde, Repert. spec. nov. XXX (1932) 378.— P. cervariae-
folia Grossh., Fl. Kavk. III, 161, non Freyn et Sint.
Perennial; rhizome horizontal, ca. 1 cm thick, producing numerous
thin roots; stem single, 40—120cm high, 5—17 mm thick, glabrous, angular-
ribbed, branching above; radical leaves long-petioled, 3-partite, bipinnati-
sect, secondary lobes ovate-oblong, 2.5—4 cm long, 1.5—2.5cm wide, the
312
2— Szovitsia callicarpa Fisch. et Mey.
1— Pimpinella aromatica M.B.;
PLATE XXVIII.
Sg)
436
lower lobes on petiolules, the median sessile, the upper decurrent, un-
equally dentate, the teeth with short white mucro, paler, nerves scabrous
beneath; upper leaves smaller, sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid. Umbels
of 8—15 nearly equal, glabrous rays, involucre of 3—7 persistent linear
thinly acuminate recurved or spreading leaflets. Umbellets ca. 1cm
across; involucels of 3—5 linear thinly acuminate leaflets as long as
umbellet or much shorter than umbellet, with more or less scarious
margin; petals white, 1.5mm long, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit
smooth, ovoid-oblong, 4mm long, ca. 2mm wide, with filiform ribs;
valleculae with 3—4 canals, 4—6 toward commissure; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved, three times as long as stylopodium. June—July.
Forests, 1,500—1,800 m.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Karaklis, Megrinskii
region), Tal.(Orant). Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. De-
scribed from Asia Minor. Type in Geneva.
Note 1. We were unfortunately unable to see the specimens collected
in Karaklis by E. Bordzilovskii, but judging by his description these plants
belong to P.Janthris coides Boiss; not to PY ex we rata borane:
Woltt.(— 2. cervaniito lia Hreyn et sint,).
Note 2. We could not determine the plant from Turkmenia, which
O. Kuntze called P. anthriscoides var. dissecta O. Ktze. (Tr.
Bot. Sada, X (1887) 1921). According to Wolf the type specimen de-
scribed by O. Kuntze, which he (Wolf) had seen, did not belong to P. an-
thriscoides (Engl) Pilanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 306). Without thepemse
fruits it is impossible to determine Kuntze's specimen precisely.
Subgenus 2. Tragium (Spreng.) Rchb. Consp. (1828) 143. — Genus
Tragium Spreng. Pl. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 26.— Fruit bristly-scabrous;
or sparsely hairy.
Section 1. EUTRAGIUM (Wolff) Schischk. in Addenda XV, 433. —
Subsect. Eutragium Wolff in Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927) 26.— Peren-
nials, sometimes with woody lower part, stylopodium pulviniform.
Series.1. Titanophilae Schischk. — Leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate,
umbel of 10—20 rays.
9. P. titanophila Woron. in Flora Yugo-Vostoka Evrop. ch. SSSR,
V (1931) 7927= "RY tracium Si taciniaitta DC lgerodr. lv (lss0)piae
exp.; ldb: Fl Rossy. I) 256;)partim:; Wolff in Emel (Pilanzenicass ie
228 (1927) 252) > Pe iraci um Shimal's, ll: 1, 394) nontyiiey—hexce:
Gok be Now 68) “(stay 2k sieacay oa aaa)
Perennial; rhizome woody, obliquely ascending, branching; stems
15—40 cm high, few, rarely single, their base covered with dark brown
remnants of petioles; entire plant with appressed grayish hairs, very
rarely subglabrous (var. glabrata Schischk.); radical leaves many,
oblong or ovate, with petioles 4—14 cm long, 1—3 cm wide, bipinnatisect,
primary lobes ovate, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite into lanceolate acute
314
|
|
437
3—8mm long, 1—4mm wide decurrent lobules; cauline leaves few,
smaller, the uppermost reduced to sheaths. Umbels 2—4cm across,
of 10—20 short-haired (very rarely subglabrous) nearly equal rays;
involucre and involucels absent or involucel of 1—3 linear leaflets;
umbellets 0.8cm across; pedicels pubescent; petals white, ca. 1mm
long, pubescent outside; fruit ovoid, 3.5—4mm long, shortly and densely
pubescent, styles recurved after flowering, 1.5—2 mm long. June—July.
Chalk and limestone slopes. — European part: V.-Kama, V.-Don,
L. Don, Transv., Bl. Endemic. Described from limestones in the
European part of the USSR. Type in Leningrad.
10. P. tomiophylla (Woron.) Stank. in Taliev i Stank. Opred. rast.
(1949) 531, nom.; Shishkin in Mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. im. V. L. Komarova
AN SSSR, XII (1950) 209.— P. titanophila var. tomiophylla Woron.
in Flora Yugo-Vostoka Evrop. ch. SSSR, V (1931) 793. — Ic.: Voron,
levesraz 0.
Perennial; rhizome thick, woody, branching, multicipital, densely cov-
ered with dark brown remnants of petioles; stems straight, 15-25 cm
high, branching; entire plant covered with short grayish hairs; radical
leaves many, their petioles as long as blade or shorter, ovate, bi- or
tripinnatisect into linear acute terminal lobules, 3—7 mm long and ca.
1.5mm wide; cauline leaves few, smaller and less dissected; blade of
terminal leaves reduced or absent. Umbels 2—2.5cm across, of 10 un-
equal densely pubescent rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals
whitish, ca. 1 mm long, dorsally densely hairy; ripe fruit unknown. July.
Limestone slopes. — European part: Transv. Endemic. Described
from Tura-Tau (near Sterlitamak). Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Caucasicae Schischk.— Leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate,
umbel rays 5—9.
11. P. daghestanica Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. im.
V.L. Komarova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 203.
Perennial; root thick, multicipital, its neck covered with brown fibrous
remnants of petioles; stems few, 20—45 cm high, straight, branching,
glabrous or very short-haired at base; radical leaves many, their petioles
as long as blade, ovate or broadly ovate, glabrous or slightly hairy, bi- or
nearly tripinnatisect, primary lobes sessile or short-petioluled, ovate,
pinnatifid into 0.5—3 mm wide lanceolate lobules, cauline leaves smaller,
less dissected; terminal leaves with reduced blade or blade absent.
Umbels 1.5—3.5cm across, of 4—6 (very rarely 9) unequal glabrous or
very short-haired rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals white,
ca. 1 mm long, dorsally glabrous; fruit ovoid, 2mm long, 1 mm wide,
densely pubescent; styles ca. 1mm long, divergent at first, becoming
recurved. June—July.
Pebbly slopes and rock crevices.— Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. De-
scribed from near Makhachkala. Type in Leningrad.
315
438
12. P. Idae Takht. in Not. system. ac geograph. Instituti bot.
Tphilisiensis, 9 (1940) 24.
Perennial; root rather thick; stems few, 15—40 cm high, ascending
at base, short-haired, subglabrous in upper half, branching nearly from
base with obliquely ascending branches; radical leaves many, ovate, their
petiole nearly as long as coriaceous, 6—7 cm long, 3—4 cm wide,
bi- or nearly tripinnatisect blade; primary lobes 4—5 pairs, ovate, the
lower pinnatisect, remote from the others; secondary lobes pinnate, with
cuneate or deeply dentate lobules, with short sparse hairs, sometimes
subglabrous; cauline leaves with reduced blade, sessile on densely hairy
sheath or reduced to oblong-linear sheath. Umbels 1.5—4cm across,
of 6—9 unequal rays covered with very short sparse hairs or subglabrous;
involucre and involucels absent; umbellets 5—8cm across, rays with dense
short hairs; petals white, ca. 1mm long, dorsally pubescent; ovary densely |
hairy; ripe fruits unknown. July—August. |
Rock crevices. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Abkhazia). Endemic. Described:
from ravine of Bzyb' River. Type in Yerevan, cotype in Leningrad.
132) Ps grossheimii schischk, in Bot. mat. (Gerb.. Bot. Gnsta ame
V.L. Komarova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 204.
Perennial; root ca. 1cm thick, erect or ascending, sometimes multi-
cipital, its neck densely covered with brown fibrous remnants of petioles;
stems 20—55 cm high, few, rarely single, straight, branching nearly from |
base, sometimes from middle, with obliquely antrorse branches, covered |
with short velutinous hairs in lower half, glabrous above; radical leaves
many, their petioles shorter than blade or much longer, with sparse short
velutinous hairs, their blade oblong or ovate, bi-tripinnatisect, 2.5—6 cm
long, 1—3 cm wide, primary lobes ovate, the lower on more or less long
petiolules (rarely sessile), the upper sessile, pinnatisect into lanceolate
or ovate acute 2—10mm long, 1—2mm wide lobules; cauline leaves few,
with small blade dissected into linear lobules, uppermost leaves adjacent
to stem of sheath, with nearly obsolete blade. Umbels 2—4.5cm across,
of 4—7 smooth unequal rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals white,
ca. 1mm long, dorsally pubescent; fruit ovoid, 2.6mm long, 1.5mm wide;
stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, 2—3 times as long as stylo-
podium. July.
Rocks, stony slopes, mountain steppes, 1,500—2,500 m. — Caucasus:
Tal. Endemic. Described from between Ashurat and Dygya. Type in
Leningrad.
Series 3. Confusae Schischk.— Leaves simple-pinnate, umbels of
6—20 rays.
14. P. confusa Woron. in Tr. Bot. Inst. Ak. Nauk SSSR, ser. 1,
1 (1933) 219: "Grosses, Ope, rast. Kavk. "(1949)" 228) es seein claksminers
Schischk. in Grossg., Ibid.
Perennial; rhizome thick, branching, multicipital; stems 15—45 cm
high, straight, their base densely covered with remnants of petioles, slightly
leafy, branching like leaves covered with short curly hairs; radical leaves
316
440
many, oblong, their petioles nearly as long as blade or longer, the blade
simple-pinnate, the lower lobes on short petiolules, the upper sessile,
unequally large-toothed at base or incised. Umbels 2—3.5 cm across,
of (7)10—20 slightly hairy, sometimes subglabrous rays; involucre and
involucels absent; petals white or pink, ca. 1mm long; fruit ovoid-oblong,
2—2.5mm long, 1.2mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles 2.5—3 mm
long at end of flowering. June—July.
Stony -pebbly slopes. — Caucasus: E., S. and W. Transc. (Novorossiisk
region). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min. Described from Daralagez.
Type in Leningrad.
15. BP. turecomanica Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. im.
Vy. ly. Komarova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 207.— P. tragium auet. fl. tur-
coman.
Perennial: rhizome obliquely ascending, branching; stems few,
20—50 cm high, their base covered with dark brown remnants of petioles,
branching from middle or nearly from base; entire plant covered with
appressed grayish hairs; radical leaves oblong, with petioles 8-12 cm
long, 1.5—2,5cm wide, simple-pinnate, with 2—6 pairs of sessile, broadly
ovate, unequally toothed, leaflets; cauline leaves few, similar to the radical
but smaller, upper leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbels 2—3 cm across, of
6—9 unequal, densely pubescent rays; involucre and involucels absent;
petals white, ca. 1 mm long, hairy outside, notched; fruit densely hairy,
broadly ovoid, 1.5—2mm long, 1—1.5mm wide; stylopodium pulviniform,
styles ca. 1. 5mm long. May—June.
Clayey-stony slopes, 1,000—1,500 m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
Described from lIolder ravine. Type in Leningrad.
16. P. lithophila Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerba Sor las itenetaa.
V.L. Komarova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 206.— P. tragium y. laciniata
DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 121, non P. laciniata gilib. (1782), nec Spreng.
in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 392, in nota.
Perennial; root ascending, its neck densely covered with remnants of
petioles; stems few, 15—40cm high, erect, simple or branching above,
rarely from base, with dense short hairs; radical leaves oblong, their
petioles nearly as long as or longer than blade; blade 3—6 cm long, 1—2cm
wide; leaves numerous, simple-pinnate, with 3—5 pairs of sessile, pinna-
tifid or deeply dentate leaflets, short-haired or subglabrous; cauline
leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 1.5—2cm across at
flowering, of 5-10 unequal short-haired rays; involucre and involucels
absent; umbellets 0.5—0.7 mm across, 10—16-flowered; petals white,
ca. 1 mm long, dorsally pubescent, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit
ovoid, densely short-haired, 1.5 mm long, ca. 1mm wide; stylopodium
short-conical: styles 1—1.5mm long after flowering, becoming recurved.
July—August. (Plate XXVIII, Figure 2.)
Stony slopes and rock crevices. — European parts © rainae me eemicleralee
Described from the slopes of Agarmysh Mountain in Old Crimea. Type
in Leningrad.
317
441
17. P. litvinovii Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. im.
V.L. Komarova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 208.
Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with dark brown remnants
of petioles; stems few, 35—65 cm high, straight, branching from middle
or nearly from base, lower part, like leaves, covered with short scabrous
hairs, glabrous above; radical leaves many, simple-pinnate, oblong, their
petioles as long as or longer than blade, 10—15 cm long, 1—2 cm wide, with
3—5 pairs of broadly ovate or subrounded leaflets, 0.8—1.5cm long, nearly
as wide, deeply and unequally dentate: cauline leaves smaller, few, the
upper with blade reduced to oblong sheath with few sessile linear lobes.
Umbels ca. 1.5cm across at flowering, of 4-6 subglabrous rays; involucre
and involucels absent; umbellets 6—8-flowered; petals white, dorsally
glabrous, hardly notched; fruit ovoid, 2mm long, 1.2 mm wide, finely
scabrous, becoming subglabrous; stylopodium pulviniform; styles ca.
0.8mm long after flowering. July.
Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Hajabad. Type
in Leningrad.
Section 2. TRAGIELLA Schischk. in Addenda XV, 433.— Biennials,
stylopodium conical.
18. P. aromatica M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 241; Ldb. Fl. Ross.
ILM Za eeBois selon. 1868s Grosso.) Hl) Kavkiaiie lee Tragium
aromaticum Spreng. Pl. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 260 et in Schult. Syst.
VI (1820) 393.— Carum aromaticum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. |
n. s. XXIX (1915) 197, non Salisb. (1796).— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2633.
Biennial; entire plant densely covered with short hairs; root vertical
or ascending, ca. 5mm thick; stem single, 20—70 cm high, branching from
middle with obliquely antrorse branches; radical and lower cauline leaves
pinnate, on oblong petioles, 15—30cm long, 1.5—4 cm wide, with 3—7 pairs
of petioluled leaflets, broadly obcuneate, unequally and acutely toothed or
pinnatifid leaflets, 0.8—2cm long, in upper part 0.5—1.5cm wide; upper
leaves sessile, smaller, with linear lobes; involucre and involucels absent.
Umbels 2—4cm across, of 5-10 nearly equal densely hairy rays; petals
white, dorsally densely pubescent, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit
densely hairy, broadly ovoid, 2.5mm long, 2mm wide; stylopodium conical.
styles erect, divergent, much longer than stylopodium. July. (Plate XXVIII,
Figure 1.)
Dry clayey and stony slopes, among shrubs. — Caucasus: Dag., E. Transc.
Endemic. Described from Kurt-Bulak. Type in Leningrad.
19. P. taurica (Ldb.) Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, II (1841) 336. —
Tragium tauricum Ldb. Ind. sem. hort. Dorpat. (1819) et Link,
Enum. pl. hort. Berol. I (1821) 286.— Ledeburia pim pinelloides
Link spiaae- a (gaudy):
Biennial; root cylindrical, ca. 0.5cm thick; stem single, 20—90 cm
high, usually straight, branching, covered below, like leaves, with short
stiff retrorse hairs, glabrous above, thinly ribbed, cylindrical, hollow,
branching from middle with obliquely antrorse branches, rarely simple;
318
lower leaves oblong, 10—17cm long, 2.5—5 cm wide, simple or nearly
bipinnate, the short petioles gradually passing to sheath embracing stem;
primary lobes sessile, rounded or broadly ovate, 54 crmmlono 2 oir
wide, dentate or pinnatifid; upper leaves smaller, cut into linear, some-
times filiform glabrous or slightly hairy lobes. Umbels of 10—25 thin
unequal scabrous-hairy rays, compressed in fruit; involucre absent;
umbellets ca. 1 cm across, involucels absent; pedicels stiff-haired; petals
white, notched, with inward curved tip; ovary and fruit densely covered
with spreading stiff hairs; fruit ovoid, ca. 2mm long; stylopodium coni-
cal, passing gradually to divergent (but not recurved) styles. June—July.
Stony and dry slopes, along railroad tracks and irrigation ditches, among
cereal crops, pine forests, vineyards, gardens. — European joewews | (Cieioat.
(mainly on the Southern shore). Endemic. Described from the Crimea.
Type in Leningrad.
Note. Very close to P. peregrina, from which it differs by the
stem being smooth in upper half.
90. P. affinis Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 257; Boiss. IMIG Gres TUL, “'sisy'8}3
Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (MO) BAe IE peregrina auct. Fl.
442 cauc. et Asiae Mediae, ex p. — P. ambigua C. Koch ex Wolff in Fedde,
Repert. XVII (1921) 44; Wolff, oe DAR SS ads ee 18(S 1, A MS IN@ a SIS55
P. Sintenis, It. transcasp.-pers. 1900—1901, No.1741.
Biennial: root vertical or ascending, 3—4 mm thick; stem straight,
25—60cm high, branching, densely covered with short spreading hairs,
rarely stem completely glabrous (var. glabra Schischk.); radical
leaves oblong, with petiole NO iaiema long, p34 acarma wide, simple-pinnate,
with broadly ovate or subrounded sessile, unequally toothed, 1.5—3 cm
long, 1—3 cm wide lobes, covered with short spreading hairs; upper leaves
smaller, simple- or bipinnate, with lanceolate or sublinear lobes. Umbels
35cm across, of 10—45 unequal rays covered with short spreading hairs;
involucre absent; umbellets ca. 8mm across; involucels absent; pedicels
hairy; petals white, notched, with inward curved tip, hairy outside; fruit
ovoid, hairy, ca. 1mm long; stylopodium conical; styles recurved, is to
2 times as long as stylopodium. June.
Dry meadows, slopes, near dwellings, in orchards, cereal crops. —
Caucasus: Cisc. (rarely), Dag., E. and W. Transc. (very rarely), Tal. —
Gentr. Asia; Syr D., Pam.-Al.,, 7. Sh. (W.), Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.:
As. Min., Iran. Described from Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad.
Section 3. ANISOIDES Schischk. in Addenda XV, 433.— Annuals, with
short fine hairs.
21. P. puberula (DC) Boiss. in Amn. sc. nat. 3 sér. I (1844) 129;
Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 866; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. Is QB (AAT) 230o—
Ptychotis puberula DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 109. — Exs.: 16, 18, Z.e Wil
No.35; P. Sintenis, It. transcasp.-pers. LOO =—1 GO, Ios 4995 SeT.
319
443
Annual; entire plant short-haired; root thin, vertical; stem
15—50 cm high, furrowed, furcately branching nearly from base or
only above; radical leaves petioled, entire or 3-partite, early wither-
ing; leaflets rounded, cordate or truncate at base, unequally obtusely
toothed, 1.5—3.5 cm long, 1.5—4 cm wide, terminal leaflet larver:
median cauline leaves simple or nearly bipinnate, primary lobes
petioluled, cuneate at base, dentate or cut into lanceolate or linear
lobules. Umbels 2—4 cm across, of 7-11 rays covered with short
spreading hairs; involucre and involucels absent; umbellets many -
flowered, ca. 1 cm across; pedicels hairy, with obliquely antrorse
hairs; petals white, hairy outside, entire, rounded at apex; ovary
and fruit hairy; stylopodium conical-flattened; styles divergent,
sometimes many times longer than stylopodium, recurved. June—
July. (Plate XXVII, Figure 1.)
Valleys of rivers and streams, feathergrass thickets, depressions,
solonetzic meadows, field edges, thinned out pistachio woodland. —
Centr Asia) i She (We), Sya- DL Pam. Alle Wits atunckane eee distr.:
As. Min., Iran. Described from vicinity of Baghdad. Type in Geneva.
Note. This species is very close to P. erlocar par husses ane
is in Central Asia sometimes classified as such, but it differs very
clearly by the softer, nearly velutinous pubescence and the very short,
flattened stylopodium. The stylopodium in P. eriocarpa is conical
and gradually passes into the erect style. P. eriocarpa extends
in a more southerly direction (Syria, Palestine, Iraq, S. Iran) and
does not extend as far north.
22. P. ramosa Schischk. nom. nov. — P. ramosissima
Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, XII (1950) 2025
Mon Hisch. (i gio)\i— 22) "cory bos a "Soiss hile or eal (1872) 869,
Gx eee GacOS Sle Hl avin Lien Gor
Perennial; entire plant covered with short scabrous hairs, very
rarely subglabrous above; root 1—2 em thick, its neck densely cov-
ered with fibrous brown remnants of petioles; stems few or single,
0.4—1 ecm thick, 30—40 cm high, hollow, profusely branching from
base or nearly from middle, branches obliquely antrorse, alternate,
Opposite or whorled; radical leaves early withering, numerous,
oblong, 7—10 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, the petioles longer than blade,
the blade bipinnatisect, with lanceolate-cuneate or sublinear lobes,
1—1.5 cm long, 1—5 cm wide, acute: cauline leaves many, smaller
and less dissected, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 3—6 cm
across, of 10—20 scabrous-hairy unequal rays: involucre of 5—7
linear acuminate stiff-haired leaflets with ciliate margin, half the
length of the umbel rays; umbellets 0.5—0.8 cm across; involucels
of 5—7 linear-lanceolate acuminate ciliate leaflets nearly as long
as or slightly shorter than umbellets; petals white, dorsally
320
445
scabrous or subglabrous; ovary densely covered with short scabrous
hairs; ripe fruit not known. June — July.
Stony slopes. — This species does not grow in the USSR, but
occurs close to the southern borders of Transcaucasia. Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd. Described from Malazgirt. Type in Leningrad.
23. P. armena Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR,
SHG 950) 210°
Perennial: entire plant covered with short scabrous hairs; root
ascending, ca. 4 mm thick, its neck covered with dark brown fibrous
leaf remnants; stem ca. 30 cm high, straight, angular-ribbed, branch-
ing nearly from base with obliquely antrorse branches terminated
by umbel, together forming a corymbiform panicle, densely covered
with short hairs especially in lower part; radical and lower cauline
leaves simple-pinnate, oblong, 8—10 cm long, 0.4—2 cm wide; leaflets
on distinct petiolules, reniform, entire or 2-lobed, acutely and un-
equally toothed; median cauline leaves bipinnatipartite, with lanceolate-
linear and linear lobes, sessile on narrow sheath; uppermost leaves
small, simple-pinnate, with linear lobes. Umbels 3—4 cm across, of
15—17 thin, slightly scabrous nearly equal rays; involucre absent or
of 1 linear leaflet, shorter than umbel rays; umbellets of 2—3 linear
leaflets with narrow scarious ciliate margin; petals white, ca. 1 mm
long, dorsally slightly bristly-haired, hardly notched, with inward tip;
ovary hairy; fruit not known. July.
Dry slopes.— Caucasus: S. Transc. Gene Gist As. Vian eK
scribed from Ol'ta district. Type in Leningrad.
24. BP. korshinskyi Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. AN
SSSR, TOIMMA HO) ies
Perennial; root ascending, 0.9 cm thick, branching above, multi-
cipital; stems few, 80—90 cm high, straight, branching, thin-haired,
more or less furrowed; radical and lower cauline leaves with long
petioles nearly as long as blade, abruptly expanding to amplexicaul
sheath, their blade oblong, 12—15 cm long, ca. 6 cm wide, with 3—4
pairs of remote, subrounded, cordate or cuneate, entire or deeply
3-lobed, sometimes 3-partite, unequally and acutely toothed, 1.5—2.59cm
long and nearly as wide leaflets, with petiole and nerves, especially
beneath covered with short hairs. Umbels 1.5—4 cm across, termi-
nating stem and branches, of 2—9 unequal short-haired rays; in-
volucre and involucels of 3—5 linear acuminate leaflets; umbellets
many-flowered, 5—7 mm across; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-
whitish, ca. 0.75 mm long, with acute inward curved tip, dorsally
densely hairy; young fruit subglobular, densely hairy; stylopodium
pulviniform, with undulant margin; styles divergent, nearly as long
as stylopodium is wide. August.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (E.). Endemic. Described
from Kara Kul Lake, 4,000 m.— Type in Leningrad.
a7)
446
Genus 1015. ANISUM * Gaertn.
Gaertn. De Fruct. I (1788) 102, tab. 28
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, hairy outside, ovary abruptly
tapering at base; stylopodium short-conical; fruit difficult to distinguish,
asymmetrical, ovoid, attenuate above; mericarps with 5 equidistant, fili-
form ribs; mesocarps thin, nearly membranous, canals under vallecula
4— 8, forming a somewhat irregular circle, 2—4 toward commissure,
markedly flattened in cross section. Annuals, with entire rounded-reni- |
form lower leaves and pinnate upper leaves.
Two species in the Mediterranean area, |
1, A. vulgare Gaertn. De Fruct. I (1788) 102. —A. officinarum
Moench, Meth. (1794) 100.—Pimpinella anisumL. Sp. pl. (ei 5S)
264; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 866; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 394: Wolff in Engl. Pflan- |
zenr. IV, 228 (1927) 232. -Apium anisum Crantz, Cl. Umbell. emend. ||
(CBE) Oks = SiSOin sais waa Spreng. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VI
(1812) 260. -Tragium anisum Link, Enum. pl. Horti berol. 1 (1821)
285. —T. aromaticum Spreng. et Hoffm. ex Hayne, Getr. Darst. VII
(1822) tab. 22. -Carum anisum Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 119, 178. —
Selinum anisum E. H. L. Krause in sturm, Fl. Deutschi 2 Antal
(1904) 56. —Ie.: Kom., Sbor, sushka i razved. lek. rast. izd. Spyies, |
(CIGD). |
Annual; usually entire plant covered with thin short spreading hairs; |
root thin, fusiform: stem 20—50 cm high, straight, cylindrical, furrowed,
branching above; lower cauline leaves petioled, rounded-reniform, entire,
incised-dentate or lobed, of 3 rounded-cordate leaflets, the lateral on short,
the terminal on longer petiolules: subsequent leaves with obcuneate, often
2-lobed lateral and 3-lobed terminal leaflets: upper leaves sessile on narrow.
sheath, bi- or tripinnate, with linear-lanceolate lobules; uppermost leaves
3-partite or entire. Umbels 2.5—6 cm across, of 7—15 rays with short
Spreading hairs; involucre absent or 1l-leaved; leaflets of involucels fili-
form, 1 to few; petals white, ca. 1.5 mm long, with ciliate margin, dorsally |
with short-bristly hairs, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly cordate-ovoid |
or ovoid or obpyriform, 3—5mm long, slightly compressed laterally, with
faintly protruding dorsal ribs: canals 4—8 under valleculae, forming nearly
continuous ring, 2—4 canals toward commissure; stylopodium conical, styles
recurved, half as long as fruit. June—July.
Cultivated in southern regions. — Huropean part: BIS: Donealiemilarars
V.-Don; Caucasus: everywhere: Centr. Asia: everywhere. Gen. distr.:
known only in cultivation, locally escaped in moderately warm regions of the
globe. Described from Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. The fruit contains 2.4— 3.2% essential oil, ex-
tracted by distillation with steam: anethole (C10H120) accounts for 80 — 90%
of the oil yield. The oil has an aromatic odor and a Sweet-spicy taste. It
is used in the making of perfumes, liqueurs, and in the food industry.
Bakeries often use the fruit in powdered form. The oil cake is rich in nu-
trients, 17—20% protein and 16 — 22% fat, and provides excellent fodder for
cattle,
* From the Greek term for anise — anison.
322
9—R. aurea DC.
PLATE XXIX. 1-— Reutera bobrovii Woron.;
323
449
Note. Though the exact origin of this plant is unknown, many consider
it a native of the Near East. It is mentioned by the ancient Greeks, Theo-
phrastus and Dioscorides, and those following them. Some authors (De-
Candolle, Calestani and others) regard Anisum creticum as the
ancestor.
Genus 1016. REUTERA* Boiss.
Boiss. Elench. (1838) 46 et Voy. Esp. I (18839—1845) 242. — Pimpinella 3. Reutera Benth. |
in Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl. I (1867) 893. — Apium sect. V Reutera Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 176, exp.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals ovate, nearly entire, with inward |
curved apex, yellow; fruit ovoid or oblong, compressed laterally; meri-
carps with 5 inconspicuous filiform ribs, canals 2—3 under valleculae;
albumen flat toward commissure. Perennial herbs, with simple or bipinnate
leaves.
About 10 species in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Asia Minor, Iran and
Afghanistan.
i” 6 Plant s0— 120 em high, radical leaves, 2—10 ecmylonse 0fa— Zac
WALGLEVn SSM Rcns —1c.:) A. Wolke eur oe
Perennial; entire plant covered with short velutinous hairs; root 1 —
1.5 cm thick, its neck densely covered with dark brown leaf remnants;
stem 80—100 cm high, straight, bearing profusely branching spreading
branches; radical leaves ovate, to 40 cm long, bipinnatisect, with 8—10
pairs of primary lobes, to 20 cm in length, the lower on petioles (to 10 cm
long), the upper sessile; lobes of the second order thinly coriaceous, very
remote from each other, ovate-oblong, nearly entire, deeply incised or
dentate-lobate, the largest to 2 cm long; upper leaves smaller, less
dissected. Umbels many, 2—3 cm across, on short peduncles, of 3—8
short thickish strong, nearly equal rays; involucre and involucels absent;
umbellets 5—8-flowered; pedicels unequal, thickening in fruit; petals
golden yellow, subrounded, with short inward curved tip, ca. 1 mm long,
dorsally hairy or glabrous; fruit subglobular, somewhat geminate,
woolly-velutinous when young, subglabrous when ripe, 2 mm long, 1.75mm
wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles twice as long as stylopodium,
becoming spreading. June — July. (Plate XXIX, Figure 2.)
Slopess — Caucasus: Hy and (Saiiranse,, Mall) entre Acie iim
Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (?), Iran. Described from N. Iran.
Type in Geneva.
* Named after Reuter, curator of the herbarium in Geneva.
60115 1 324
450
451
2. R. bobrovii Woron. sp. nov. in Herb., description in Addenda XV,
599.
Perennial; root rather thick, multicipital; stems many, 30—50 cm high,
ascending at base, in lower part densely covered with long persistent
petioles, very short velutinous hairy, spreading-branching nearly from
base, few stems simple; radical leaves numerous, oblong, 2—10cm long,
0.5—2cm wide, simple or bipinnate, with petioles nearly as long as blade,
primary lobes petioluled, broadly ovate, usually 3-lobed, lobes covered
with short hairs with few large obtuse or acutish teeth; upper leaves
smaller, the uppermost reduced to oblong sheath, without blade. Umbels
1—1.5cm across, of 3—4 nearly equal short-haired rays; involucre and
involucels absent: calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-yellowish,
hardly notched dorsally densely hairy, ca. 1mm long; ovary and fruit
densely hairy; stylopodium flattened-conical; styles recurved, 13—2 times
as long as stylopodium; ripe fruit not known. May — June. (Plate XXIx,
Figure 1.)
Cliffs 800—1,300m. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Greater Balkhan).
Endemic. Described from Greater Balkhan Range. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1017, ALBOVIA * Schischk.
Schischk. in Addenda XV, 433. — Scaligeria DC. Mém. Ombell. (1829) 70, ex.p.; Scali-
geria sect. Euscaligeria Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 875, p.
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, notched-
2-lobed, hardly enlarged in peripheral flowers; fruit geminate, ovoid-
globose, slightly flattened laterally; mericarps without prominent ribs,
obscurely rugose; 2—3 canals under valleculae; carpophore 2-partite.
Perennial, short-haired herbs, with rounded crenate or shallowly 3-lobed
leaves.
Three species, endemic to the Caucasus and Asia Minor.
1. A. tripartita (Kalenicz.) Schischk. comb. nov. — Pimpinella
rotundifolia M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 242, non Scop. Fl. Carniol.
BF, T(LWID 2OES AD Cireeocher I) WUE Clog INI iROSe Nol, ADs Ie
tei pa ati as Ky Poll, in Bullagsoc. Nat:
Mosc. n. s. XXVIII (1914) 181, 182. — Branches of carpophore adnate to
mericarps.
ios lattoliume@l,. Spa pl (iiaa)p2o4. var. excla- ido. El Ross). Il,
Zo eee 7, Ele wbaie. dance al wai enolic on. ulna, 3G (eekeevdle. EU,
Zea s Devel A020 Grosse te aaayie lil G3. s5. 1 anieadiion imsar
Schrank, Bayer. Fl. 1 (1789) 556, non M. B. (1808).—S. berula J.F.
Gmelin, Syst. (1791) 482.— S. sulcatum Pers. Syn. I (1805) 316.—
Spelomorieow 1 una 24 let Case resiey Elance ehna( 119) Gon © oman die wim
Lat tet © la uma Crain, Silico, Austies (LOT) Blo, = "C neti er 1 aero ie
Ceant 7 Cl Wimbella yr navenda (Civic) mona — Dice pra mio piace lummay joa lols te
Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 110.— D. latifolium K.-Pol. in Bull.
Soca Nat Moses Ma Sh LOOMIS t4) L822 Sis ar umasp eels! tice) Buloamis
PLS) yeeia Wh (LLOO) SH9,— SSliutatien saivlion ID, isl Jie Kieanige ila Spec,
Dewselaly il, ecy By Vu (LSOL) sly us = Syaecnisinelas, Ill, Ii, WoOsik<, gub.
ee. weecdeh and hile. wills IMvicOph ROSS. ll. Eicam oo bl.
Perennial; root fibrous; stem 70—120cm high, erect, acutely ribbed,
branching above, usually with creeping underground shoots; lowermost
leaves submerged, bipinnate, with thin filiform lobules; aerial leaves
Ssimple-pinnate, 15—30cm long, ca. 10cm wide, with 2—6 pairs of oblong
or lanceolate sessile finely serrate leaflets asymmetrical at base, 5—-10cm
long, 1—2.5cm wide, petioles hollow, divided by septa into chambers.
Umbels 6—12cm across, of 10—14 nearly regular smooth rays; involucre
of 2—6 lanceolate thinly acuminate reflexed leaflets; umbellets 10mm
331
B= FEMMES IK@inm,
2—S.sisaroideum DC.;
1—Sium suave Walt.;
PLATE XXXI1,
332
across; involucels multileaved; calyx-teeth oblong or linear-oblong, acute,
0.15mm long, green, deciduous in ripe fruit; petals white, 2—3 times as
long as calyx-teeth, broadly obovate, notched; fruit 3-—3.5mm long, 2.5—
3mm wide, carpophore 2-partite. June—July.
Banks of streams, oxbow-lakes, lakes and marshes.— European part:
ene. SIE), ID, AIPOClas, Ibe oieet.. elie. Ws IDAs, IW Ws WW. oleianel,
NieD we Wont) Enon Mransve.,. WV om) €aucasuci(yarely): (ises;
Wreandeh. kisansceaW . oloeria- Olen UZ wobec i a olbemia. Amicon Say:
Gentz Nsia-7 Ar, —Casp. ‘Geneidistr. : Scand., Centre and Atl, Bur;
Bal., Med., Australia (introduced). Described from Europe. Type in
London,
Economic importance. The fruit of Sium latifolium L. contains
2.5—6% essential oil; d-limonene accounts for about 80% of this. The
entire plant is poisonous, especially the roots.
Dee Oursuavier Walt. Mile Carol, (iss) ls — Stieaecudi told um Schrank,
Barer sie (lingo) sooe> sada, Ee Ross. ls 260. Moni by evict ehiziieesilie
150,— S. limeare Michaux, Fl. bor,-amer. 1 (1803) 167_.— S. tenuifo-
iim Monin Gata. (hSi3)\ialk = (Carell tal datas cla Hischrinmu@at a Horeti
Gorenk. ed. 2 (1812) 45, nom. nud.; Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 453. —
Critamus dahuricus Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 184; Turcz.
Hip aiceet— dale. ie 447, Ga—shayliciacila: edlanulre cra CG) LP rodr lia Ges)
OA Up mnie Wena On Timer hymetmMOOk= sex HOKbeSnei ne mistey:
in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXIII (1887) 328.— Drepanophyllum lineare
Le Polenn BullesSoes Nat, Mosc sn. is SOQ l(L91s)yls2s— Tes: Britt.
ieee cowien tie PMY Thwis3s2- ssugaw. EIlp ot Saghals Tilly tab. 639), Bxsi:
G. R. F. No. 2646.
Perennial: roots in bundles, short, rather thick, numerous; stem
strong, glabrous, ribbed, erect, simple or branching; submerged leaves,
if present, bipinnate, with thin linear acute approximate lobules; lower
leaves on long hollow petioles with transverse septa, as long as blade,
the blade oblong, pinnate, with 3—9 pairs of remote, sessile, narrowly
linear, linear, lanceolate-linear or ovate-lanceolate, 4—15cm long,
0.5—1cm wide (var. angustifolium Kom.), largely or finely toothed
463 leaflets; upper leaves smaller, sessile, with narrower leaflets. Umbels
4—8cm across, of 8—20 glabrous rays; leaflets of involucre narrowly linear,
numerous; umbellets 8mm across; involucels multileaved; calyx-teeth
inconspicuous; petals white; fruit globose, ca. 3mm long, slightly flattened
laterally, with 5 winged ribs; canals 1—3 under valleculae, 2—6 toward
commissure. June—July. (Plate XXXI, Figure 1.)
Marshes, swampy, sometimes solonetzic meadows, damp high mountain
meadows, banks of lakes, oxbow-lakes. — E. Siberia; Ang.-Say., Dau.,
Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okh., Uda, Ze.-Bu., Uss., Sakh., Kamch. Gen.
distr.: N. Am. Described from Carolina. Type in Washington.
3.0). tenue’ Kom. in Izv. (Bot. Sada. XV (1916) 174.— Syc1eutifolium
ec. tenue Kom. Fl. Man'chzh. III (1907) 150; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV,
228% p. 347.
Perennial; roots 3—5, fusiformly thickened; stem usually single, 20—
100cm high, erect, ribbed, branching; radical leaves and leaves of sterile
333
464
shoots sometimes entire, rounded or broadly ovate, their blade 1.2 cm long,
lem wide, acutely toothed or ternate, with ovate or lanceolate acutely
toothed leaflets; cauline leaves pinnate, with 2—3 pairs of lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate acutely toothed leaflets; petioles of lower and radical
leaves without transverse septa. Umbels 2—4 (5.5)cm across, of 6—8
smooth rays; involucre of 5 narrowly lanceolate acute leaflets with scarious
margins; umbellets 8mm across, 10—20-flowered; leaflets of involucels 6,
lanceolate, with scarious margin, thin-acuminate, recurved or spreading,
shorter than umbellet; petals white, subrounded, with winged ribs, 2mm
long, ca. 1.5mm wide (Plate XXXI, Figure 3.)
River valleys, peat bogs. — Far Hast: Uss. Endemic. Described from
the Lefu River valley. Type in Leningrad.
Section 2. Sisarum (Mill.) DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 124, ex p.—Sisarum
Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 4 (1754); Adans. Fam. 11:(1763) 93.— Berula Hofim.
ex Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 44.— Sium subgen. III Sisarum Thell.
in Hegi, III]. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1217.— Carpophore branches free,
sometimes very thin.
40S. sisaroideum DC; Prodr. IV (2830) 4.—"Silancifiol ium\vees:
Fl: taur.-cauc. III (1819) 230, non Schrank (1789): Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 260;
Shimal’a. Hl a. 938%. — Ss. latitolium wemann ie¢u my Risch @apeabiorm
Gorenk. ed. 2(1812) 45.—S. podolicum Bess. exRchb. Fl. germ. exc.
(1832) 479.=—"S. lancifolium var. podolicum Racz. in'Zap.) Kievsk.
Obshch. Estestv. XI (1890).—Sium sisarum var. lancifolium Thell.
in Hegi, III]. Fl. Mitteleur., V (1926) 1233; H. Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV,
228 (1927) 349.— Berula lancifolia Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822)
44,—7Carum sisarum Baill. Mist. pl, Vil (1880) 179)— eA pati
sisarum var. lancifolium Calest. in Webbia, 1(1905) 176.—= Pim —
Pinella sisarum var. lancifolia K/-Pol. in Bull: Soc. Nat: Mose:
mn. 1s.) XVI (1915) 180. —"Si's'a rum “sis aro ideum Schischk, auakugle
PL’ Zape ibe walle Ol9 85) 20 Kates
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root fibrous, thin, not more than 2mm
thick; stem 50—100cm high, erect, ribbed, with creeping underground
shoots; leaves simple-pinnate, with 2—3 pairs of leaflets, very rarely
simple, with rounded-cordate blade, upper leaves ternate, leaflets of lower
leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2—7cm long, 1—3cm wide, the terminal larger,
cordate at base, the lateral asymmetrical at base, serrate-dentate, acute;
leaflets of upper leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, serrate-dentate. Um-
bels 3—5cm across, of 10—15 smooth furrowed rays; involucre and in-
volucels of 5—7 lanceolate-linear, thinly acuminate leaflets with white-
scarious margins; calyx-teeth short, triangular, 1/6—1/8mm long;
petals white, obcordate, ca. 1mm long, notched, with inward curved tip;
fruit ca. 4mm long, 2.5mm wide. July—August. (Plate XXXI, Figure 2.)
Damp shores of bodies of water, flood plain, damp and also solonetzic
meadows, banks of rivers and swamps.— European part: U. Dns., M. D.,
V>-Don, V.=Kama,” Transv.) Be's.,°Bls, be DonSity V {iC rimi aw @aucacnHsc:
Cise), Dag, Ee and’S; Transes. W Siberia 1Ue Vobt (S34) inet eal ee
Centr Boiss. FY. or. i, 907; Shmalior, Eley lO Ge roc
Fl. Kavk. Ill, 164.— Cachrys maritima sprens. in ‘Ges: Naturts nee
Berl. Mag. VI/(U812))259)— Teo: Rehb. Ic. Fl. "Germ: Soxl, tab, 2200
(1863).
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; rhizome thick, branching above, multi-
cipital; stem erect or ascending, 20—50cm high, cylindrical, hollow, thinly
furrowed, slightly branching above; leaves pale green, succulent, the lower
with petioles expanding to sheath, ternate-bipinnate, pinnatipartite, petiolate,
the sheaths broad, with membranous margins, with 2 short obtuse auricles;
uppermost leaves 3-partite, sessile on sheaths, lobes all regular, lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly spinous, tapering at base, 2.5—5cm
long, 5-6mm wide. Umbels of 10—20 rays; leaflets of involucre numerous,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate recurved, with scarious margin; leaflets of
involucels similar to those of involucre and as numerous; calyx-teeth very
short; petals ca. 1mm long; fruitca. 6mm long. July — August.
Rocky coastal slopes, coastal cliffs and sands. — European part: Crim.
Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., E. and W. Described from
the Atlantic coast of Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. All parts of C. maritimum contain essential
oil, including esters of thymol and dill apiol and a terpene-crithmene, in
amounts varying with time and locality. The fruit yields 0.7—0.8%, the green
parts 0.3—0.5%. The herbaceous parts also yield soda.
Genus 1022. STENOCOELIUM * Ldb.
Ldb. Fl. alt. I (1829) 297
Calyx-teeth conspicuous, acutely triangular, 1/, the length of the slightly
downy petals with white outer side; fruit ovoid, slightly compressed dorsally,
with thick obtuse, markedly protruding ribs, especially along ribs densely
covered with stiff membranes, with narrow valleculae between them; canals
Single under valleculae, 2 toward commissure. Perennial high mountain
herbs, with nearly leafless short stem and oblong bipinnate radical leaves.
Two species in the Altai and Sayan mountains, Saur, Tarbagatai and
Mongolian Altai.
1. Plant covered with very short hairs, fruit with stiff membranes, not
HUbeSCent. MOU A CSE LM. Ses 1. S. athamantoides (M.B. ) Ldb.
+ Plant covered with longer, thicker hairs, giving it a grayish-green
appearances iruit covered witheshorthaiss © Sas e: c+) sce eae
* From the Greek stenos —narrow, coelos —hollow, referring to the narrow valleculae.
338
470
47i
1. S. athamantoides (M. B.) Ldb. Fl. alt. 1 (1829) 298; Ldb. Fl. Ross.
lipesS2oZOnzole ingid): AZaerossr SGV, 2 UBD Keyl de bZapsg Sibel,
9024.— Cachrys athamantoides M. B, Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819)
917.— Rumia athamantoides DC. Prodr. IV (1330) Noe. ie seus
athamantoides Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gener. I (1862—1867) 903. —
jen idbeeicey pl. sHlwhoss.” lie tabry Lior
Perennial: root long, rather thick; stem often reduced, inconspicuous,
and then umbel apparently borne on root or stem more or less elongate,
2—15cm long, leafless or with 1—2 leaves, like the latter covered with short
spreading stiff hairs, often stem, umbel rays and petioles violet; radical
leaves numerous, their petioles expanding to sheath, the balde oblong, 3—7
em long, 1—2.5cm wide, bipinnate; secondary lobes subrounded ovate,
pinnatisect into short lanceolate acute lobules. Umbels large, 8-—15cm
across, of 9—12 irregular rays; involucre of 5—7 linear, nearly entire,
scarious very short-haired acute leaflets; umbellets 1—1.5 cm across;
involucre multifoliate, its leaflets lanceolate-linear or linear with mem-
branous margins; calyx-teeth short-triangular; petals whitish or pale violet,
obcordate, ca. 1.5mm long; fruit 4-5mm long, sometimes a saturated
violet. June—August. (Plate XXX, Figure 16.)
Stony mountain slopes, rocks and alpine zone, glaciers, moraines and
coastal pebbles. — W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Borus Mountain
in the Sayans). Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from conglomerate
along the tributary of Chuya River. Type in Leningrad.
2. S. trichocarpum Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. I
(1841) 80 et in Fisch. et Mey. Enum. pl. nov. II (1842) 42: Ldb. Fl. Ross.
fese2e) sese 1S" trvchocarpumyB: Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. (1915)
616.
Perennial: root long, rather thick; stem nearly always absent, rarely
to 7¢em high; umbels, often on 2—18cm long peduncles, appear to issue from
root: entire plant grayish-green from spreading stiff white hairs; leaves
numerous, radical, expanding to sheath, violet in lower part, bipinnate,
their petioles 4/; to '/ the length of the blade, the blade oblong, 2S) Cian, Wovavers
1—3.5cm wide: secondary lobes broadly ovate, pinnatisect into short ovate or
lanceolate-ovate acute segments, 1—3mm long, 0.5—1mm wide. Umbellets
1—2cm across: involucre multifoliate, leaflets linear acute with broadly
scarious margin, as long as or longer than rays of umbellet; umbellet rays
numerous, densely covered with short hairs; petals whitish, with violet
middle part, short-haired outside; fruit 3.5mm long, 2.5—3mm wide, with
stiff scarious processes and hairs along ribs. July.
Exposed southern and stony slopes in alpine zone, old moraines. — Centr.
Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Saur, Tarbagatai). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Sinkiang
mountains). Described from Tarbagatai. Type in Leningrad.
339
472
Genus 1023. LIBANOTIS * L.
L. Cat. Pl. Gott. (1757) 226
Calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, often deciduous in fruit, slightly pube-
scent or glabrous, petals white, glabrous or dorsally pubescent, fruit broad-
ly or narrowly ovoid, slightly compressed dorsally, stylopodium short-
conical, styles recurved or erect, a few times as long as stylopodium,
mericarps with 5 prominent ribs, pentagonal in cross section; canals under
valleculae single, 2—4 toward commissure; albumen reniform in cross
section, dorsally inflated, concave toward commissure. Rather large herbs,
with ribbed-angular or cylindrical stem and bi- or tripinnate leaves.
Fifteen species in Asia and Europe.
1. Stems not developed, often prostrate, 4—-20cm long, producing
several deatiess Hower-stalks fromiats Meck 5 40.5) s)) eeu aa eee 2).
+ Stems Ustallilyy single, verectaleain 4 3005.0) cia lic iy aa ieee nee 3.
2. Teeth or leaf lobes of the last order terminated by 1.5—2 mm long
DETSTNCH ieee. 2 Page eee coer 11. L. setifera (Korov.) Schischk.
Teeth or leaf lobes without apical bristle ..... 12. L. calycina Korov.
3. Umbels very dense, subcapitate, surrounded by broad subrounded
sheaths of uppermost leaves, rays, umbellets and involucral leaflets
lone tatire cds". Mars trey. c: gh ee Seer eee. 13. L. monstrosa (Willd.)DC.
=r Uimnibselisrnot asta ovier i Oe Oe Ss er a eh a ements eer 4,
Ay Ovanyand fruit clabroussorslichthy scabrous. .eees 4 pe one eee 5.
+ Ovary and fruit more orjless densely pubescent |... «se sameeren 6.
5. Styles erect or slightly divergent, nearly as long as fruit; stems
35—50 cm high, hollow; umbels of 15—16 glabrous rays (Centr. Asia)
BS: Pee ia om itp ti ried aes cea a. x hhes doh cng cha Mihe 10. L. dolichostyla Schischk.
+ Styles recurved, half the length of the fruit; stems 50—120 cm high,
hollow; umbels of 20—30 rays pubescent above (Urals) ..........
Wiitatd: beaten tis Sete] 3 geal ay at 8.4 LL .usibiricay (ie mea are\ir
6. Styles erect or divergent, nearly as long as fruit; umbels more or
lleSiswGGniSG< fF Ras tars peteshe |. ax reversed Wega Sts eee 9. 1. econdensata) (Ih =)s@ramtz
tw onlessrecumved, less taam halt the lenothiof ihe iieuiti ssn.) es
7. Leaves thickish, stiff, glabrous and shiny above; petals with bundles
Ofanaucs Onstheroutsiderss =. =a yet. 1. L. buchtormensis (Fisch. ) DC.
+r Leaves thin, not shiny above; petals with sparse simple hairs on the
Outsider’ $8 Sykes sna hey © PS eRay ohel Ghai eit aces es ee 8.
8. Leaves tripinnatisect, with linear-lanceolate, terminal lobules
oO mm loner al — 2) mama wade >) main, wmabel (27 emi acrOs Spiel as
Inenizeyy Oinssnile (IDeMbueEN) SANS og oso 6. L. seseloides (F. et M.) Turcz.
+f Leaves bipinnatisect, sometimes nearly simple pinnate, terminal
lobules broad, oblong to ovate, dentate, main umbel 7—12cm across 9,
9. Stems to 50cm high, from base up densely covered with spreading and
semi-appressed hairs (Carpathians)........ 5, lo. montana Cran.
7) stems 40—120'em high elabrous, or hairy only, im tower bellies ssesesne 10.
* From the Greek 1ibanotis —the name of an umbellifer mentioned by Nicander, the roots of which
produce a smell reminiscent of ladanum.
340
10. Radical and lower cauline leaves oblong, their blade 8—20cm long,
2.5—-3.5(5) em wide, main umbel of 18-25 rays 3—5(6)cm across ...
Pe a ge Be ek aol Semen inca ice eins oretr cy cleo! Oc i. laa eschrenkiana Cay MM.
4 Radical and lower cauline leaves triangular or broadly ovate, their
blade 10—39cm long, 10—30cm wide, main umbel of 25—50 rays
RD Cian BCMOSE 6.55 bid oo o 5 6 6 Ooo oO aso) Oo Gl 0 ond ogo) UND 5 0 0 Bru) iil
11. Lower part of stem covered with rather long spreading bristles;
leaves with short or long stiff hairs along nerves beneath (Far East)
ON es i PT. 12) Ve Ace «fetes mee, o> 4, L. amurensis Schischk.
+ Entire stem, except inflorescence, glabrous or like leaves scabrous-
hairy, but without stiff hairs in lower half ......--+-++-++-- 1%.
473 12. Petals in buds covered with thin hairs on the outside, usually violet
when young; plant short-haired in lower part, 25—80cm high, umbel
rays hairy all over, involucre always present. .....--++-++++-+:-;
PG Is) Poh Per et I oie a ahs 3. L. transcaucasica Schischk.
+ Stems 100—120cm high, umbel rays hairy only above, involucre
often absent, petals always white, glabrous; stems and leaves
usually glabrous, rarely lower leaves and lower part of stem hairy.
EW Tene nesme ies petals eibaket Ai ENCE NES Je ice cu tei lah 2. L. intermedia Rupr.
Sec hions DIOS Ge Colllamiiemaave 82.9) 485 eerodiry Mya Na Ok
Petals covered with short fascicular hairs on the outside, leaves coriaceous,
thickish, shiny.
1. L. buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC. Coll. Mém. V (1829) tab. 3,f.5;
Prodr. IV (1830) 149: Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 278; Kryl., IDE ZAzOy SH19s
VIII (1935) 207.— Bubon buchtormensis Fisch. in Spreng. Pugill. I
(1815) 55.— Athamanta rigida Hornem. Hort. Hafn. I (AGUAS) OEO.—
A. cervariaefolia Schrad. ex Spreng. Pugill. II (1815) 56.— Seseli
buchtormense Koch in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII, 1 (WEQA) WiGk = Nees
DG aoile nck italbie 3) St 5b.
Perennial: root thick, 1.5cm across; neck covered with dark brown hairy
leaf remnants: stem 20—80cm high, 8—10mm thick, cylindrical with fine
acute ribs, glabrous, branching from middle or base; radical leaves
numerous, oblong, with petioles 10—20cm long, 3-5 cm wide, petioles
rather long, distally canaliculate, proximally cuneate abruptly expanding
to broad oblong-ovate sheath, the blade bipinnatisect, the lower primary
lobes petioluled, the upper sessile, ovate, dissected into broadly ovate,
irregularly acutely toothed, sessile or decurrent lobules; cauline leaves
simple-pinnate, on short petioles gradually expanding to sheath; leaflets
ovate or oblong-ovate, 2—4cm long, 0.7—1.5cm wide, pinnatifid into
ovate-acuminate toothed lobules. Umbels 7—12cm across, often few, with
general aspect of loose corymbiform inflorescence, the rays 30—50, ribbed,
short-haired; general involucre of 1—3 foliate leaflets, sometimes absent;
umbellets many-flowered, 1—2cm across; pedicels densely covered with
short-hairs; leaflets of involucels 10—13, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
scarious except for midrib, short-haired, nearly as long as pedicels; calyx-
teeth linear-lanceolate, acute, half the length of the petals; petals whitish,
474 often lilac when young, subrounded, 1—5mm long, short-haired outside,
341
475
with inward curved tip, tapering to short claw at base; fruit ovoid, 3.5— |
4.5mm long, 2.5mm wide, densely covered with very short stiff hairs. |
July — August.
Cliffs and stony slopes. — W. Siberia: Ob (SE), Alt., Irt.; E. Siberia:
Ang. Say” Centr: Asia: Ar’ -Casp.) Balkhy; Dzag-Tarbey TAiShea(eye
Gen. distr.: Mongolia (Sinkiang). Described from Bukhtarma River in
W. Altai. Type in Leningrad.
Section 2. EULIBANOTIS DC. Coll. Mém. V (1829) 48; Prodr. II,
150.— Petals dorsally glabrous or with sparse simple short hairs, leaves |
not coriaceous, not shiny.
Series 1. Angulatae Schischk. — Stems markedly angular, leaves usually
Later
2. L. intermedia Rupr. Diatrib. Petrop. (1845) 53.— L. montana var.
intermedia Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 445.— L. sibirica C.A.M. Ver-
zeichn, Pfl: cauc, (1831) 124, non Athamantha sibiriea Wan i@os lees
Fl. Ross. II (1844) 279, ex p.; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII (1935) 2069. —
Libanotis’ vulgaris e. sibirica D@) Prodr]1V (1830) 1509 ie malo) —
tana sibirica Patze, Mey. et Elk. Fl. d. Provinz. Preuss.) Koemesp:
(1850) 441.— Athamanta libanotis y. sibirica Schult. Syst. veg.
VI (1820) 489.— Ligusticum sibiricum Spreng. Prodr. Umbell. (1813)
40.— Seseli athamantoides Ldb. Fl. alt. I (1829) 342. non Liba-
notis’: athamantoides DC. (1830).—S. Libanotis 8. sibirica
Schimalhy, H) ii(18S5) 400\8ex py — Eh xsi) 1G REE Now falas
Perennial; root 1—1.5cm thick; stem 60—120cm high, erect, strong,
4—10mm thick in lower part, angular and strongly ribbed, glabrous or hairy
below, branching; leaves stiff, green (paler beneath), glabrous or more or
less hairy (var. puberulam.), simple or bipinnate, rarely nearly tri-
pinnate; radical leaves with rather long petioles, with petioles 20—40 cm
long, 10—15cm wide, with sessile leaflets; upper leaves smaller, less
dissected, sessile on short sheaths, glabrous, rarely very short scabrous-
hairy. Umbels 5—12cm across, of 25—50 rays short-haired above; in-
volucre of 10—12 recurred linear scarious leaflets with short-ciliate margins
or of 1—3 leaflets, often absent; umbellets many-flowered, 1—1.5 cm across:
involucels of 12—15, linear acuminate, scarious leaflets, with glabrous or
ciliate margins, nearly as long as slightly hairy umbel rays; calyx-teeth
ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or subulate, 0.5—1mm long, slightly pubescent
or with short-ciliate margin, half the length of the glabrous white petals;
fruit 3—4.5mm long, short-haired. July — August.
Grass or mixed herb meadows, forest edges, thinned out forests, birch
outliers, chalk and limestone slopes. — European part: all regions except
for Kar.-Lap. and Crim.; W. Siberia: all regions; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say.
Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (eastern part), Mongolia. Described from former
Petersburg Province. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. G. V. Pigulevskii and N. V. Nazarenko (Botanical
Institute im. V. L. Komarov) found the fruits to contain 0.1% essential oil,
342
comprising sesquiterpene C,;5H24, yielding azulene upon dehydrogenation.
The oil contains no compound ethers or free spirits.
Note. Ruprecht (Fl. ingr. (1860) 445) noted that according to Linnaeus,
Athamanta sibirica L. was a plant with glabrous fruits and pink petals,
such as he (Ruprecht) had seen in Zlatoust. A similar plant, growing in the
Urals, is presented below as L. sibiricaL.
3. L. transcaucasica Schischk. in Grossg., Opredel. (1949) 231;
Bot Vata Gerbe boty inst. AN Sook. Sviliy (950) None le malOna tela welts.
lasiopetala Bornm. in Verhandl. Zool. -bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, LX
(USO) 20 —oeis;e la Jeb ano tas) vaiek Jalremove nulaiciuum) Bord7z. sini ize
KGevsk. Bot. Sada XII—XIII (1931) 132.
Perennial; root 0.7—2cm thick, vertical or ascending, its neck covered
with brown fibrous leaf remnants; stem single, 50—120cm high, erect,
branching above or nearly from base with obliquely antrorse branches,
short-haired in lower half (rarely subglabrous), with spreading sparse hairs
under inflorescence; radical leaves numerous, oblong or lanceolate, with
long petioles, together with petioles 12—30cm long, 2.5—5cm wide, blade
bipinnatisect, primary lobes sessile, the secondary lanceolate, acute,
entire or with few teeth, petioles, margin of leaves and lower side of nerves
short-scabrous-hairy, lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, the upper
smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 4—9cm across, of 25—40
wholly pubescent rays; involucre of 11—13 lanceolate-linear thin and long
acuminate, short-haired, usually recurved leaflets with scarious margin;
umbellets 1—1.5cm across, with hairy rays; involucels of 9—11 leaflets
similar to those of involucre; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate; petals
dark or light lilac when young, dorsally stiff-haired, becoming white and
subglabrous; fruit densely covered with stiff hairs; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved or divergent, longer thanstylopodium. July—August.
Glades in mountain forests, southern slopes, subalpine meadows. —
Gaucasus cise. fh... Win and so. viranse. Gen. dictre. Arma —kourcd., alacainy.
Described from Daralagez (Teke-Donduran Mountain). Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. According to G. V. Pigulevskii and M. V. Naza-
renko (Botanical Institute), the fruits contain 4% essential oil, which com-
prises geraniol alcohol (bound as compound ethers), hydrocarbon C49Hjg—
phellandrene, and sesquiterpene — C,sHo4, yielding azurine and libanotene
upon dehydrogenation (Pigulevskii).
4, L. amurensis Schischk. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR
Pein eu 50) 1604 — len im Ota an als. Ril vain aniay odo. ullasRess. il
(1844-1846) 279, non L. riviniana Scop. (1772).
Perennial; root ca. 1cm thick, its neck covered with brown fibrous leaf
remnants; stem single, 50—100cm high, erect, branching in upper half with
obliquely antrorse branches, angular-ribbed, short-haired, or glabrous in
lower part; radical leaves broadly triangular, tri- or nearly quadripinnati-
sect, 46cm long, 32cm wide, with short petioles; primary lobes petioluled,
the secondary sessile, pinnatisect; lobes of the third order deeply dentate;
cauline leaves similar to the radical, smaller, less deeply dissected,
short-petioled or sessile on oblong sheath, leaves with ciliate margins and
cilia on midribs, beneath scabrous along nerves above. Umbels 4—8cm
343
477
across, of 15—25 hairy rays; involucre of 5—11 linear hairy leaflets, often
recurved and caducous; umbellets many-flowered, 7-9mm across, rays
very short-haired, often only above; involucels of 5—11 linear-lanceolate
or linear densely hairy leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular-subulate; petals in
buds sometimes purple, turning white, usually glabrous on the outside;
fruit ovoid, stiff-haired; stylopodium short-conical; styles twice as long
as stylopodium, recurved; mericarps with 3 prominent TIS. Alu
September.
Among shrubs and illegal fellings. —E. Siberia: Dau. (?); Far East:
Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchuria. Described from near Khabarovka
along the Amur. Type in Leningrad.
5. Ia. montana Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed, [Il (1767) l(a eect enn
ecoides Seop, FI. carniol! ed. 2)-1 (1772) 193.— L. vale ari @aamoens
IVC 0) 150. prconmadm. spate.
Perennial: root thick, ca. 2cm, vertical, its neck covered with coarsely:
fibrous brown leaf remnants; stem erect, 40—50cm high, angular-ribbed,
rather densely covered with short spreading and semi-appressed hairs,
branching above, with obliquely antrorse branches; radical leaves numerous
long-petioled, their blade triangular-ovate, 12—15cm long, 6—8cm wide,
bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, lower primary lobes petioluled, the others
sessile, lobes of the second order ovate, also pinnatifid into triangular-
oblong acute teeth, covered with short spreading hairs, lower cauline
leaves similar to the radical, the upper smaller. Umbels terminating stem)
and lateral branches, central umbel larger than the lateral, 6—7cm across,
of 30—35 densely hairy rays; leaflets of involucre linear, thinly acuminate,
densely hairy, spreading or recurved, nearly half the length of the umbel
rays: umbellets many-flowered, 1.2cm across; leaflets of involucels
numerous, acuminate, densely hairy, usually longer than umbellets; petals
white, ovate, slightly notched, ca. 1mm long, glabrous or with indistinct
hairs on the outside; ovary densely covered with white hairs; fruit hairy.
July — August.
Mountain slopes. — European part: U. Dns. (Carpathians). Gen. distr.:
mountains of Central Europe. Described from the mountains of Austria.
Type in Vienna.
Series 2. Seseloideae Schischk. —Stems cylindrical, more or less
furrowed; styles recurved.
6. L. seseloides (Fisch. et Mey.) Turcz. Fl. baic.-dah. I (1844) 484.—
L.ugoensis Sugaw. Fl. Saghal. III (1940) 1419, non Kitag.— Ligusticur
seseloides Fisch. et Mey. ex Turcez. m Bully soc. Nat. Mosca
Gisse) a 308 mom. nude Iedonee la Oss. lem cap
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.5cm thick, its neck covered
with fibrous brown leaf remnants; stem glabrous, 30—120cm high, densely
stiff-haired only under umbel, sometimes at internodes, angular-ribbed or
cylindrical, branching above, rarely simple, branches obliquely antrorse
often overtopping main stem; radical leaves glabrous or short-haired along
nerves and along margins, the long petioles exceeding blade, blade oblong,
344
ovate or broadly ovate, 3—26cm long, 1.5(2)—20cm wide, bi- or nearly
tripinnatisect, lower primary lobes short-petioluled, the upper sessile,
pinnatisect; secondary lobes deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear
acute, 0.4—1cm long, 1—3mm wide lobules; lower cauline leaves similar
to the radical, their petioles gradually expanding to sheath, upper leaves
smaller, less dissected, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 2—7cm
across, of 20—60 nearly equal rays scabrous-hairy above; involucel absent
or of 5—10 narrowly linéar acute leaflets with scarious margins; umbellets
ca. lem across; pedicels hardly scabrous above; involucels of 10—13
linear acute leaflets sometimes as long as umbel; calyx-teeth triangular,
short: petals white, broadly ovate, with inward curved tip, dorsally glab-
rescent; ovary and fruit short-scabrous-hairy; fruit ovoid, 3mm long,
1.5mm wide, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral ones slightly
wider; stylopodium conical; styles divergent or recurved, half the length
of the fruit. July.
Steppes, meadows, shrubby thickets, thinned-out forests, birch forests. —
E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (western bank of Baikal, Goloustnoe village), Dau.,
Lena-Kol.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch.
(Manchuria). Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad.
7. L. schrenkiana C. A. M. in sched. ad Herb. Descr. in Addenda XV,
Pool wo sy kuilemcaies) BY Hedtseh. intherbs— I lips cht zie .
Pop., Fl. Almaat. gos. zapov. (1940) 35, nom.
Perennial: root ca. 1.5—2cm thick, its neck covered with dark brown
leaf remnants; stems single or few, 40—110cm high, erect, finely ribbed,
branching above or from middle, its lower half covered with very short
thick hairs; radical leaves oblong, with long short-haired petioles, their
blade 8—20cm long, 2.5—3.5mm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, primary
lobes sessile (the lower sometimes petioluled), these in turn pinnatisect into
lanceolate, acute, entire sometimes deeply incised lobules, short-scabrous-
hairy along margins and along ribs beneath, upper leaves similar to the radi-
cal, smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Main umbels 3—6cm across, the
18—25 rays hairy above, lateral umbels smaller, of 10—20 rays; involucre
of 1—3 small leaflets or absent; umbellets ca. lcm across, many-flowered,
with short-haired rays; involucels of 10—11 linear or narrowly lanceolate,
acute, short-haired leaflets without scarious margins, nearly as long as
umbellets: calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, early deciduous; petals gla-
brous, ovate; fruit 2mm long, 1mm wide, densely hairy; stylopodium short-
conical; styles divergent or recurved, longer than stylopodium. July—
August.
Mountain meadow slopes, near rocks, shrubby thickets. — Centr. Asia:
Dzu-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Kuldja. Described from Central
Asia. Type in Leningrad.
Note. C. Meier first drew attention to this plant; his specimens were
grown at the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in 1852, from seeds received
from Schrenk. Meier labelled the plant L. schrenkiana C.A.M. and
attached a brief description but failed to publish the new species.
Geuieesibicica (i, \e. AL Meine VverzeichnsyPHk Cauey (Sst i24. > quo ad
nome le montana vara omacilas KMryl? intr Obshch.estestvoisp. pri
345
480
Kazanksk. univ. XI, 6(109).— L. uralensis Nevski in herb. Leninopol. —
Athamanta, sibirica le Sp. pl. (iiss), 244.
Perennial; root rather thick, 1—2cm, its neck covered with brown fibrou,
leaf remnants; stem single, 50—120cm high, erect or slightly branching
above, cylindrical, shallowly furrowed, glabrous; radical leaves numerous,
oblong, with petioles shorter than blade, 15—40cm long, 5—10cm wide,
simple-pinnate, glabrous or with sparse cilia along margins and along ribs ©
beneath, leaflets ovate, sessile, strongly and irregularly toothed or pinna- |
tifid to midrib, paler beneath; cauline leaves smaller, upper leaves sessile |
on expanded sheath, with obsolete blade; terminal umbel 4—7 cm across, of
20—30 rays scabrous above; involucre absent or of 5—10 nearly entire re-
curved short-haired leaflets scarious beneath; umbellets ca. 1.5cm across; |
involucels of 7—11 linear acuminate unequal glabrous leaflets shorter than |
or nearly as long as umbellets; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, 0.7mm
long; petals white or violet, dorsally glabrous, broadly ovate, ca. 1.5mm
long, slightly notched, with short inward tip; fruit ovoid, 4mm long, 2mm
wide, with 5 equal winged ribs, glabrous or slightly scabrous; stylopodium
conical; styles divergent or recurved, half as long as fruit. July — August.
Pine and mixed forests, felled areas, mixed herb meadows, limestone
slopes. — European part: V.-Kama (Bashkiriya, Central and Southern Urals)
Endemic. Described from Siberia (?). Type in London. |
Economic importance. According to G.V. Pigulevskii and N.V. Nazaren-|
ko the fruits contain 1.25% essential oil, comprising a sesquiterpene, Cy5Hoa4,
yielding azulene upon dehydrogenation, but containing no esters or free |
spirits. |
Note. This species was reported by Linnaeus for Siberia, but in his time
Siberia was considered as covering a much larger area, including the pro-
vinces of European Russia and the Urals.
Series 3. Condensatae Schischk. — Stem cylindrical, styles erect or
slightly divergent, more than half the length of the fruit.
9. L. condensata (L.) Crantz, Class. Umbell. Emend. (1767) 108, Ldb.
Fl. Ross. 11,280: Tumez. Pl, baic.-dahur, 1,482. Kryl.> bleyZape oor
Vill, 2070.— Lavulgarisvar,.condensata D€. Prodrs iV, (Les0)ata0:
L. arctica Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisural. (1845) 36.— L.fastigiata Rupr)
1. c¢...(1845) 36;— Athamanta, condensata.L. Sp... pli n(Miss)e224e5
Seseli condensatum Rchb. lc. Fl. Germ. XXI (1876) 37, nomen. —
Peucedanum condensatum K.-Pol. in Spisk.) rast, gerbeieussk) i= gi
Wile (1922) 115 ;— Jen: dbp ic. pl fl, coss. a1, taba ea Ropre aus |
samojed. cisural. tab. Il.— Exs.: G. R. F. No. 1219 and No. 2626: |
Perennial: stem 30—80 emi high, 1.5 3mm thick; erector siialily, |
branching in upper part, faintly ribbed, glabrous; radical leaves with
petioles as long as blade or longer, blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong, bi-
pinnate, 5—15cm long, 2—6cm wide; leaflets sessile, 1.5—3cm long, |
1—2.5cm wide, pinnatisect into lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, dentate |
5—13mm long, lobules, upper leaves smaller, on short, membranous,
sometimes pink petioles with slightly expanding margins; petioles, sheath
346 |
and blades of leaves covered with short spreading hairs along margins and
along nerves beneath. Umbels 3—7cm across, of 20—40 short-haired rays;
involucre multifoliate, of 11—21 linear-lanceolate hairy leaflets with
narrow scarious margin, sometimes involucre absent; umbellets 7-—10mm
across, with short-haired pedicels; involucels of 12—15 lanceolate leaflets
with membranous margins, as long as or longer than umbellets; calyx-
teeth subulate, pubescent, !/, to!/, the length of the white or pink glabrous
petals; ovary and fruit covered with rather long, thin soft spreading hairs;
fruit ovoid, 3—4mm long, 2—3mm wide, compressed dorsally (lens-shaped),
dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral winged, 0.5—1mm wide; canals absent
(!); stylopodium short-conical; styles erect or slightly divergent, nearly as
long as fruit. June—July. (Plate XXX, Figure 17.)
Thinned-out forests, damp meadows, shrubby thickets, often ascending
in alpine zone and reaching the European part of the Arctic. — Arctic:
Arct. Eur. (Kanin Peninsula); W. Siberia: Ob, Alt.; E. Siberia: all regions;
Far Fast: Okh., Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. Endemic. Described
from Siberia. Type in London.
10. L. dolichostyla Schischk. sp. n. in Addenda XV, 434.
Perennial; rhizome ascending; stems few, 35—50cm high, their base
covered with dark brown fibrous leaf remnants, glabrous, hollow, cylin-
drical, thinly ribbed, slightly branching above; radical leaves oblong, their
petioles expanding to sheath, slightly longer than blade, blade 8—10cm long,
2.5—3.5cm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, primary lobes 7—8 pairs, the
lower remote, sessile, pinnatisect into lanceolate-linear lobules or oblong
3—6mm long, 1—1.5(2)mm wide, mucronate segments with glabrous or
obscurely scabrous margins; cauline leaves few, similar to radical but
smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 2—3cm across at flowering,
of 15—16 glabrous nearly equal rays; involucel of 5—7long-acuminate, linear
leaflets with scarious margins; umbellets ca. 6mm across; involucels of
7—8 lanceolate-linear acuminate leaflets with scarious margins, nearly as
long as umbellets; calyx-teeth linear-subulate, easily visible; petals white,
glabrous, broadly ovate, notched, ca. 1.5mm long; fruit ovoid, flattened,
4mm long, 2mm wide, with thin dorsal ribs; stylopodium short-conical,
black; styles erect or divergent, ca. 3mm long. July August.
Subalpine damp meadows. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
Section 3. Pseudolibanotis Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XV, 436. —
Main stem not developed, the root neck bearing slightly leafy, sometimes
nearly leafless shoots which spread along ground or ascend.
11. L. setifera (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Ligusticum setife-
rum Korov. ex Pavlov in Tr. prikl. bot. ser. 1 (1937) 267, in Note.
Perennial: root vertical, to 1cm thick, its neck covered with dark brown
leaf remnants; stems many, 7—12 cm long, ascending, simple or slightly
branching, slightly leafy, glabrous, hardly ribbed; radical leaves many,
their petioles nearly as long as blade, blade oblong-ovate, 1.5—2.2cm long,
0.7—0.8cm wide, simple- (or nearly bi-) pinnate, primary lobes sessile,
incised-dentate, with ovate teeth abruptly passing into setiform white to
347
1.5—2.0mm long cusp; cauline leaves few or single (sometimes stem leaf--
less), smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 2—3cm across, of
10—20 rays hairy above; leaflets of involucre 7—11, linear, margins or
482 entire leaflets scarious, long-acuminate, erect or partly spreading, half
the length of the umbel rays; umbellets 5—7mm across; leaflets of in-
volucels 5, narrowly linear, nearly as long as umbel, caducous; calyx-
teeth short, inconspicuous; petals white, ca. 1mm long, with acute inward
curved tip; young fruit thinly scabrous-hairy; stylopodium short-conical;
styles recurved, as long as stylopodium; stigma capitate; mericarps with |
5 prominent filiform ribs. July — August. |
Rock crevices at 3,500m. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Talass Ala-Tau).
Endemic. Described from the upper reaches of the Dzhebogly-Su River.
Type in Leningrad.
12, L. calycina Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR,
VIII (1947) 20.
Perennial; root fusiform, its neck covered with leaf remnants, branchir
stem not developed, the root neck bearing several weak, declinate, furrowv
Slightly scabrous, ca. 25cm long flower stalks with 1—2 branches; leaves
nearly all radical, with flat petioles, as long as blade, expanding at base tc
lanceolate sheath with membranous margins; blade ovate, bipinnatisect inté
short, 3cm long lobules; all lobes sessile, the terminal elliptic, 2—3-fid,
into lobules with stiff mucro, scabrous along margins and nerves; cauline
leaves, if present, smaller and less dissected, sessile on lanceolate broad)
membranous sheaths. Umbels of 20 unequal furrowed, scabrous, 15—20 m1
long rays; involucre and involucels 10-leaved, leaflets free, linear, acumi|
nate, membranous; involucels as long as umbellets; flowers ca. 20 per
umbel, pedicels scabrous; calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, triangular at |
base; petals white, glabrous, ovate, slightly notched, with acuminate in- |
ward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; styles thin, long, curved,
1.3mm long; fruit (unripe) oblong, gray from short hairs, 3.5mm long,
nearly rounded in cross section with obtuse ribs: resinous canals 3 under
valleculae, 4 on dorsal side. July.
Stony slopes in subalpine zone. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from Chimgan Range. Type in Tashkent.
:
Section 4, SHULTZIOPSIS Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XV, 436.— |
Stem erect, leafy, thick; subcapitate umbel surrounded by the rounded |
sheaths of terminal leaves. |
483 13. L. monstrosa (Willd.) DC. Coll. Mém. V (1829) 48; Kryl., Fl.
Zap. sibs Vill, 2073.1. ste phaniama DC.) Prodr. iV (les0)slaiee= |
Athamanta monstrosa Willd. ex Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 495.— |
A. compacta Ldb. Fl. alt. 1(1829) 327.- Schultzia compacta Ldb. |
Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 258-- Seseli monstrosum K,.-Pol. in Bull. |
Soc, Nat. Mosc. n. s. XXIX (1915) 183.— Ic.: Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, tab. 81.—|
BxsisiGs Ree Noi 264 2.
Perennial; root thick, vertical; stem erect, simple, glabrous, slightly
furrowed, 20—50 cm high, 5—10mm thick; radical and lower cauline leaves)
348
=
sp Se SS
en aerate 2 Ne
Seer
————
_
——s
a —-7
Se Se -
84
glabrous, long-petioled, pinnate, with petioles 10—25cm long, 4—8 cm wide;
leaflets 3—4 pairs, sessile, ovate, dentate, more or less deeply pinnatifid
into ovate -lanceolate obtuse lobes, rarely leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate
with oblong-linear lobules (Gvenge ere nite a (Ldb.) Kryl.); upper leaves
smaller, with short broadly expanded sheaths and spreading-hairy petioles.
Umbel single, very dense, subcapitate, 4-—6cm across, covered below
with broad, subrounded, hairy sheaths of terminal leaves, with membranous
margins, colored along nerves, their blade slightly developed or nearly
obsolete; umbel rays thickish, covered with long hairs; leaflets of involucre
ovate or lanceolate, thinly acuminate, nearly as long as umbel, villous;
umbellets many-flowered, 1—1.5cm across; leaflets of involucels linear or
lanceolate, dirty violet, villous, longer than umbellets; calyx-teethtriangular,
with few marginal cilia; petals pale violet, ca. 1mm long, 0.5mm wide;
fruit 3mm long, pubescent; styles long, nearly as long as fruit. July —
August.
Alpine meadows and mossy-lichen mountain tundra, rarely in subalpine
meadows.— W. Siberia: Alt.; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. Endemic. Described
from Siberia. Type was in Berlin.
Genus 1024. SESELI* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 260. —Lomatopodium Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. phys. -math. Acad. Pétersb.
IIT (1845) 305. —Seseli subgen. Euseseli Drude in Engl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 20.
Calyx-teeth obtuse or acute, persistent; petals white, sometimes with
violet nerves outside, rarely yellowish, notched, obcordate or ovate-
cordate, with very short claw and inward curved lobe; stylopodium pulvini-
form or conical, rarely pyramidal-conical; styles shorter or longer than
stylopodium, usually with recurved tip, rarely nearly erect with capitate
stigma; fruit ovoid or oblong or oblong-cylindrical, slightly compressed
laterally, glabrous or scabrous or densely hairy; mericarps with 5 thick
ribs, marginal sometimes slightly expanded; valleculae rather broad and
flat, usually with single, very rarely with 2—4 canals, usually 2, rarely
more canals toward commissure; albumen flat toward commissure;
carpophore 2-partite. Perennial, rarely biennial herbs, with repeatedly
pinnatisect leaves.
Up to 80 species in Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, W. Siberia and
Central Asia. Members of this genus have been reported as growing in
Australia, S. Africa and S. America, but these records are probably
erroneous.
1. Leaflets of involucels tree or fused only at base (for less than ey) eet odie
4 Leaflets of involucels fused to '/;,sometimes for more than half .. 41.
Dyaiminvolucmemors-- It leatlets. . . eich 1h Me GA TIM No ill oie Se 3.
oF Involucre absent or of 1—3 leaflets, Ohtele CACICOUSI en ce nen- MCh nnn i: I@),
Be Terminal leaf lobes large, broadly ovate, 4,5—10cm long, 3.5—
Ole raMWAGE: EiStACAes ibe Kee 132i. 46. S. macrophyllum Rgl. et Schmalh.
+ Terminal leaf lobes narrower, lanceolate, ineaiemormrsuilotlllabe ena. | cn 4,
* From the Greek seseli — Hippocrates’ and Dioscorides' name for species of the Umbelliferae,
apparently derived from one of the Eastern languages.
349
485
+
Ge
Ge
Qvary ‘ahd fruit Sglabrousiites ily. .otasaeer felotterecuoh eee a
OvaryrandtiruitpubesGcenty .1oel. SthV5 «Blin eee. ay lee Se (|
Umbels of 3=10 rays: pedicels recurved:in fruit) <{..- ce). .)ome |
Me rae, a ae Oe Ea 18 a Me a 47. S. foliosum (Somm, et Lev.) Mand
Umbels"of S=20i rays: pedicels erectun fruities +1595 See eee 6
Umbels of 10—20 glabrous rays, terminal leaf lobes with scabrous
marains (Caucasus tise ia. i. ee: 6. S. peucedanoides (M. B.) K.-Pol.
Umbels of 8—13 rays scabrous above, terminal leaf lobes with
glabrous margins (European part) ....... 7. S. elegans Schischk;
Leaflets*of involuere: 10—NG) some /3-partite (Crimea)s setae ee
Se Pee) hed ath, hea LAO. CRATE IRE DN Ta ek ter i he 11. S. lehmannii Degen,
Heatletsvor involucrel!s—1 0 alwaysrantine )}5 . Walaa ake eee 8.
Main umbel 10—15cm across; involucels of 25—30 linear leaflets
fused at base, longer than flowering umbellets (Crimea) ......
SE ee CR Oe ee ee SR NED ye la 9s 10. S. gummiferum Pall.
Main umbel not more than 8cm across; involucels of 5—20, not
fused leaflets; shortersthan umbellets = J\. .s<6a)0. Wa e OF
Terminal lobules narrowly linear, often subfiliform, 3—8cm long,
Or2—lmm very rarely to 3mm wide. .: ! i... eee 10%
Terminal lobules lanceolate-linear or lanceolate, 0.2—3cm long,
1—7mm wide, if narrowly linear then not more than 15mm long... 12a
Umbels 5—10 flowered, pedicels as long as flowers..........
Sere ere: ef 5e EOL Peano Maae 27. S. tenuisectum Rgl. et Schmalh.
Umbels 10—30-flowered; flowers subsessile, umbellets globular. i1.
Stems 100—200cm high, short-haired; leaflets of involucre 5—10,
long-acuminate; leaflets of involucels 6—7, umbel rays numerous,
petals glabrous outside... 28. S. iliense (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky.
Stems to 100cm high, glabrous; involucre of 5—6 oblong-lanceolate
obtuse leaflets; leaflets of involucels 10—12: umbels of 8 rays;
petaliswdenselythairy dorsally a heavy geos.c 29. S. giganteum Lipsky.
Umbels small, 0.8—2cm across, leaflets of involucre ovate, 2—5;
stems glabrousin, oe Visas) 3) Boolean. Bede ieee LS
Umbels 2—7cm across, leaflets of involucre lanceolate-linear:
StemisrOEtenipubeseen® —S 213 Ww. elarces..vaay o Sh eel eect 14,
Petals yellowish, umbels with subglabrous rays (Tien Shan)
Sg tse pele Sebo Slate. Lamas 30. S. aemulans M. Pop.
Petals white; umbels with densely pubsecent rays 2s 68! Jor
I ee eo Se et ern es ce, ee 31. S. squarrosum Schischk.
Leaflets of firstiorder clustered \(whoriled),..socesnh . ie eee TS)
Leaflets of first order opposite, not in fascicles ........... 16.
Fruit ovoid-oblong, 3—4mm long, ca. 1.5mm wide (W. Tien Shan)
SERIE VEU 3 SUE MPa LINE OIE are ae A Goe grat RUN NE ie i 25. S. fasiculatum Korov.
Fruit ovoid, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide (Pamir-Alai) ..........
A SIRS WLI SR eine. t* OF Pees) ten 26. S. korovinii Schischk.
Leaflets of involucels fused at base .... 22. S. songoricum Schischk.
Leaflets or involucels tree. .pialiial Bal Telec. jean d ea. meee 7.
Fruit oblong-elliptic, 6mm long, 3.5mm wide: plant 20—25cm
high (Dzungarian Ala-Tau)...... 21. S. abolinii (Korov.) Schischk.
Fruit oblong-ovoid, 3—4mm long, 1.5mm wide; plant 25—100 cm
high (Pamir-Alaiy Tien Shan, NW Kazakhstan) |. 5... 18.
350
26.
Oils
30.
31.
Terminal leaf lobules oblong-linear, 0.7—3cm long, 2—7mm wide
(Pamir-Alai, W. Tien Shan)..... 23. S. lehmannianum (Bge.) Boiss.
Terminal leaf lobules narrowly linear, 3-5 mm long, ait 3) 10086)
wide (NW Kazakhstan)..... 19. S. eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch.
Stylopodium large, pyramidal-conical, half the length of the fruit;
styles shorter than stylopodium (Centre wAsia) ite ein taterel t=. «be 20).
Stylopodium short-conical, much shorter than fruit; styles longer
than stylopodium, very GarelyAShorter a asa 4.) ys | ee = 22e
Umbel rays 2—5, extremely unequal, sometimes 1—3 umbellets
SUMS SSS SMM li AP UNEASY CRY site te, yee eater tie: om 45. S. sessiliflorum Schrenk.
Umbel rays 5—10, nearly XoLBip ON Bat een Ole woo Chow RO Ctr lo. 055 ko dCgiemn lk
Entire plant glabrous or subglabrous; involucels of 8—9 leaflets
RRL TR Oe Be TE VS RLS POR Te sete 43, S. coronatum Ldb.
Stems, leaves, umbel rays and young fruit scabrous-hairy,
involucels of 5—6 leaflets .... 44. S. asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk.
Ovary and fruit bear a white-scarious basal feet OO tee os aura) Tal see) 6)! ron
AIS, BREE ere TIEN Se Le ee NP 8. S§. glabratum Willd.
Base of ovary and fruit never with white-scarious liga Ube sateye sc a a Zoe
Onpaicyy? yall sereibmhy yoyblorsisterevahe| Gye 5) Geo acc oO) Cece acc oe Sein) a olay 2.
Ovanyeandincuit lacoste TMi. TUAca i ERMAN IIE «te: ena ta 3 37.
Winabielumayst2=-5(G)i blir) x Wig ts are em Peitetebedeila -\iacdcs-u we elke = os AB ¢
Graniselaretyisu(5)16=-CUnemsmena saen-petenetnc tM serials tan fe) 1) ehca tenoustoc 2 oe Zoe
Umbels of 2—3 obscurely scabrous rays; pedicels of flowers nearly
aistlong as flowers . 25-2. ose ee ees 18. %S. leptocladum Woron.
Umbels of 4—5 pubescent rays; flowers SOSSUIO5 5 58605 -04 6 0 OOO .0 OND
24. S. turbinatum Korov.
PEON ep te, oar net fel “et 07 ce) (ey ete bev onnel ayne) ere ey pein er ee Si TOS em.
Sema donee ee AS RS oh Ste: ol ese fs als tee SERRE BIR es Dies
Blade of radical and lower cauline leaves narrowly oblong, 4—~8cm
long, 1-2cm wide; primary lobes sessile or short-petioled, approxi-
TIME CEALTW LOIS, ) Wiaken ae RaP enlst cies) ble eh ©) © = 25. S. fasciculatum Korov.
Blade of leaves broadly obovate or triangular, 15—30cm long,
10—20cm wide, primary lobes on more or less long petiolules.". 2 20).
Entire stem covered with short velutinous hairs ......+-+-++:+:5 7a'8)
Srommclabcous Bh.) MG MRM ie. tales ee taieionuey ro Rei Tt Ew eRed ia * ol.
Terminal leaf lobules very small, 1—2mm long; entire plant gray-
ish from dense short hairs; umbels of 15-30 rays .......-----
SEU RGU LE Ca Steves 2% 20. S. incanum (Steph.) B. Fedtsch.
Terminal leaf lobules 5—-20mm long, 1—2.5(3)mm wide; plant
slightly pubescent, sometimes glabrous Ita LOWieI™ Palgts marie <= 30.
Main umbel 9—10cm across, of 25—80 rays; petals dorsally hairy;
fruit 2mm long, ca. 1mm wide ........-.--. 9. S. petraeum M.B..
Main umbel 5—6.5cm across, of 15—25 rays; petals dorsally gla-
brous: fruit 5-5.5mm long, 2.5mm wide ...- 12. S. ponticum Lipsky.
Petals greenish, dorsally pubescent; stem 2—3m high (Centr. Asia)
PRA PILE Se. GB LASER aia e are owt Aare erge iene 22. S. giganteum Lipsky.
peaMiparthomUSsk, Caucasus), Fates s. = 2 6ha + 2 2 > + GRE Re Fy. > Bye
35i
32)
+
Stem 100—140cm high, ca. 1.5cm across; blade of radical leaves
25—30cm long, 20cm wide (Artvin).... 17. S. andronakii G. Woron,)
Stem 20—100cm high, 0.5—1cm across; blade of radical leaves |
LO—20tem Mong esl aicnst widests 2. 2 =, . aiheces tte eek. ee) 33a
Umbelltrays densely: pubescemttalleovengy We. aaa). eieihaee eae eee 34,
Umbel rays pubescent onlytabovellicuo.ve sca. linia: mene 35.
Umbeltivays) (12 setumbelis Mi aR 2e9) Cm NaICikOS'S jerem. ieh ae ene
Sigh Gh RIA LOS pane apa) ot ay ROO 16. S. peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Bess,
Umbel rays 16—26, umbels 4—6cm across... 37. S. rupicola Woron,
Fruit large, 5.5-6mm long, ca. 2cm wide, dorsal ribs nearly
WHICH 5 get cor coy ih st oho) omer Ay ot cee ae ek Rd to 15. S. arenarium M.B.
Fruit 3—3.5mm long, ca. 1.5mm wide, dorsal ribs not winged .. 36.
Umbels of 5—8 rays, umbellets small, 3—7mm across (Crim.)..
5. Gite ARE CMRE SY ROME: BRT ha, SREETTE SW OSLER Mee 14. S. pauciradiatum Schischk.
Umbels*of \/—l5' rays, ~umbellets 5—Sanim erosis) Fe a aamneene ee
beg AL ore LS say od, ARMOR SE RCN AEA TRS Set os Mc es, Ok RA 13. S. campestre Bess.
37(23)Involucels of narrowly lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins
30)
40.
exceeding pedicelisjand often’ entire umbellet; biennials\ saan. -a-
Be oS Bede 8c) aah Oh alae at ae ae Ta Ghose, gy Ma tee ae nt EURO Re i ee 2. 5S. annuum L.
Leaflets of involucels without broad scarious margin, much shorter
tham pedicels, perennials, 0 5 <5. «es Sie Rn eee 38.
Leaflets of involucels setiform, terminal leaf lobules 2—5cm long;
branches and leaves more or less appressed to stem.........
PEPE ANSE ial is velba oo) Hd) Ved Op Moiese ag aa ee 1. S. strictum Ldb.
Leaflets of involucels lanceolate-subulate or ovate, terminal leaf lobules
0.5—2 cm long; branches and leaves moreor lessspreading...... 38)
Umbel of 10—15 angular rays; fruit slightly tuberculate (Ukraine)
BERR P ETRE GNA, RMS iS cag te OM tak oi Bs fa wial (6: ia Gusev yay se yter el hale 9. S. pallasii Bess.
Umbels of 15—25 subcylindrical rays; fruit smooth (Crimea and
CAUCASUS) ai vaccine Ss 8 o.0 Fac bye) ses eso « 5.0 40.
Fruiting umbels compressed, canals under valleculae large,
eylindrical-intlated,) o€cupyane entirerspace betweent ribs maa ene
PIRI R MAMET. So. ahece o~ 4. §. grandivittatum (Somm. et Lev.) Schischk.
Umbels procumbent in fruit, canals under valleculae narrow... .
Maer e he. Bee, A AE POSTS LEE Sends Sete ee Se 3. S. varium Trev.
Umbel rays 20—35; stem glabrous below covered with short soft
Mags above n(Aiokina zie 20%, ota sein dey orn ae ame 37. S. rupicola Woron.
Uinbelsraysa2—=20)" mim. hl. Lente. wes Solin eee oe te eee eee 42.
Terminal leat lobules) wide. odlt5—5(@'0)cemiyint 98 ee. eee eee 43.
Terminal leaf lobes not wider than 0.5cm, usually narrower.... 465.
Wmbelacayicks S((Caucasus)iss vast eel 39. S. cuneifolium M. B.
Umbelk rayisi2—4(6)) (CentrgAsialaiireinkt. -aeoh see) eee 44,
Petals densely hairy dorsally; fruit ovoid, 5mm long (Lake Bal-
idalchita wea) 2.6 sea 41. 5S. platyphyllum (Schrenk) O. et B. Fedtsch.
Petals dorsally glabrous or with sparse hairs; fruit oblong, 7mm
long (Kara-Kum and Lesser Balkhan). ... 40. S. jomuticum Schischk.
Umbels of 2—5(6) glabrous rays; umbellets dense, very small,
J—sJimMinmbacLoss (Dagestan)... 225%. - 35. S. alexeenkoi Lipsky.
Umbels of 5—20 more or less pubescent rays; umbellets 8—10mm
ACTOSS 6 as 666 Snel Gs 0 8 ee al os RUM Re Ue settee do Ree aS een ee 46.
352
46. Fruit oblong, 6mm long, DO) aaanl SIA Gl Sees Une eee ey Onl: COMO "OND Oca p
42. S. eriocephalum (Pall.) Schischk.
SEPM vale ict elbow (s; rene a) Aoutemmey mess? nek er vq aney o'e hs He
4 ROMoldmi 2 soem) LONI A. cual foil omc nepieke a uoue sh: Siig si. 47.
47. Umbel rays 5—9, densely pubescent; umbellets subglobular, 1—2cm
IGLOS Se EAR Toso Ra i) ca WR eee bees See eh ae” Re Cie 48.
ar Umbel rays 10—20, slightly pubescent above; umbellets 3cm
AICTE SiS trashed erg Sas Hcp MeL ssl lh can Sate cha iy deme Soh Talks oe ean “Emam ttl Lun csi os 49.
48. Leaf lobules of the last order narrowly linear, 1—2cm long, Ca.
0.5mm wide; cauline leaves appressed to stem; fruit 2.5mm long,
1.5mm wide: styles several times as long as stylopodium (Crimea)
aeRO mae Vath eta sous Piste cy eae tutta Syho9 ge uSnh s heoashh Meade y Goma bask ts 36. S. dichotomum Pall.
oF Leaf lobes of the last order lanceolate, 5—7mm long, 0.5—2mm wide;
489 than stylopodium (Centr. UNCHEN Egee ta ee toe 38. S. karatavicum Schischk.
49, Ovary more or less pubescent, fruit subglabrous (W. European part
CMMUSSERA in Wehat cect. bese. BE-bsale es FF 2h: 33. S. hippomarathrum Jacq.
+ Fruit densely pubescent (E. European part of USSR, W. Siberia and
IN, G@iane. Weitel) s Gegio Sao oo coo ol BO 8 34. S. ledebourii G. Don.
SACOM DUS SHIR De a Colley Meniany (1828) 47 emend. Calestani in
Webbia, I (1905) 199.— Section Hippomarathroides DC. 1. c. incl.— Calyx
persistent, with triangular teeth; petals white or greenish, dorsally glabrous
or pubescent; fruit with thickish ribs, glabrous or pubescent, valleculae
with 1 canal.
Series 1. Stricta Schischk.— Umbels of 15—30 rays; fruit glabrous;
styles longer than stylopodium; leaves tripinnatisect, with linear or linear-
lanceolate lobules of the last order.
1. S. strictum Ldb. Fl. alt. 1 (1829) 338; Fl. Ross. idly BUS: Samael,
Fl. I, 398; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIll, 2065.— Athamanta Si tplegl Cate sleclloys
ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, I (1840) 166.— Pseudommi ehrenbergii
Wolff in Fedde, Repert. spec. nov. XVII (1921) 173; Wolff in Engl. Pflan-
zenr, IV, 228 (1927) 124.— Ic.: Ldb. Tom Diy kul Rosia, lpm valoney lia.
Perennial: root vertical or ascending, 4—7 mm thick; stem 12—70cm
high, erect, usually with few obliquely antrorse branches, ribbed above,
like leaves glabrous; radical leaves on 5—15cm long petioles gradually
expanding to sheath, their blade broadly ovate, 5—8cm long, 4—7 cm wide,
tripinnatisect into narrowly linear acute lobes, 2—5cm long, 0.5—1(2) mm
wide; cauline leaves rather numerous, antrorse or nearly appressed to
stem, on shorter petioles, with bipinnate blade; uppermost leaves smaller,
less compound, on short expanding petioles. Umbels 5—9cm across, some-
times forming corymbiform inflorescence, of 15—35 ribbed glabrous rays;
involucre absent; umbellets 0.7-1.5cm across, of 20—30 glabrous rays;
involucels of many linear-filiform acute leaflets slightly shorter than
pedicels; calyx-teeth triangular, acute, he to “le the length of the petals,
petals white, light violet when young, with inward curved tip, 1—1.25mm
long, nearly as wide; fruit oblong, 3—4mm long, 1—1.5mm wide, glabrous,
with 3 prominent ribs; styles recurved, nearly half the length of the conical
stylopodium. July — August.
353
490 Meadows, often solonetzic, shrubby thickets, rarely inundated meadows, |
491
sink-holes, — European part: Transv.; W. Siberia: Alt., Irt.: Centr. Asia:
Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described from Altai (Sogra, Loktevsk, Zmiev).
Type in Leningrad.
2. S. annuum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 260; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 398.— S.elatum
L. Sp. pl. (1762) 375, p.p. —S. bienne Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. ly fascs
3 (1767) 88.— S. purpureum Gilib; Fl) lithuan. 11 (11782) 35) smica lee
ratum Ehrh. Beitr. V (1790) 179: DC. Prodr. IV, 147; -Ldb FL Rossi;
277.— S. simplex Poir. Encycl. VII (1806) 137.— S. brevicaule Jord.
in F’. Schultz, Arch. Fl. I (1842—1854) 1.-Carum simplex Steph. ex
Willd. Sp. pl. 1 (1788) 1470.— Selinum dimidiatum DC, Fl. Fr. IV
(1805) 323.—S. coloratum E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed.
|
|
|
|
2, XII (1904) 106.— Peucedanum flexuosum Kit. ex Rochel, Pl. Banat,
rar. (1828) 26, nomen, non Moench (1794).—Ic.: Syreishch., Illyustr. Fl.
Mosk. gub. II, 406.— Exs.: G. R. F. No. 463 and No. 2640.
Biennial, perennial, rarely annual: root fusiformly thickened; neck
covered with fibrous brown leaf remnants; stem 20—80cm high, single,
erect, thinly furrowed, glabrous, simple or with short antrorse branches,
with leaves uniformly spaced; oblong-ovate, green, tripinnatisect; lobules
linear or linear-lanceolate, 1—1.5cm long, 0.5—1mm wide, abruptly acu-
minate, with margins rolled downwards, margin and midrib densely covered
with short hairs, petioles expanding to sheath; median cauline leaves
smaller and less dissected, sessile on expanded sheath, upper leaves
simple-pinnate. Umbels of 15—30 irregular, ribbed rays hairy above,
compressed in fruit; involucre absent or of 1 leaf: umbels with numerous
short-pediceled flowers; involucels of numerous lanceolate or linear-lan-
ceolate leaflets with scarious margin, usually longer than, sometimes
twice as long as pedicels; calyx-teeth short, subulate; petals white or
reddish, 0.75mm long, broadly ovate, with inward curved attenuate tip;
stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, several times as long as
stylopodium; fruit oval, 1.5—2.5mm long, 1—1.5mm wide, with acute
whitish ribs and brown valleculae, obscurely pubescent when young, be-
coming glabrous. Fl. end of July, August, Fr. September.
Forest edges, shrubs, light oak forests, pine forests, grass-herb cover
meadow steppes, dry and sandy slopes, sometimes edges of fields. — Euro-
pean part: Balt. (Vilnius), U. Dnp., U.V., M.D., V.-Don, V.-Kama (W.),
Transv., L. Don(N.), Bl., Bes., U. Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., W. Med.
Bal.-As. Min. (Balkans). Described from S. Europe. Type in London.
Series 2. Varia Schischk. — Umbels of 7—20 rays; fruit glabrous; styles
longer than stylopodium.
3. S. varium Trev. in Ind. sem. Horti Vratisl. (1818) 6: Horti botan.
Vratislav. pl. vel novarum vel minus cognit. manip. (1824) 168: Nov. Acta
hat. cur, V; 13 7(182/6) 168: Gidb. PPVRoss. ie 2758s se decipiens Ldb.
ex Rchb. Fl, germ. excurs. (1832) 467.— ? S.tauricum Link ex Spreng.
Syst. I (1825) 884.
354
3
Biennial or perennial; root branching, whitish; stem 60—80 cm high,
erect, cylindrical, smooth, thinly ribbed, slightly thickened at nodes,
branching; radical leaves numerous, ovate, Ca. Bepiemy long. sl.aeia wides
many times pinnatisect into flat linear, 5—15mm long, 0.5—1.5mm wide,
acute lobules: cauline leaves few, less deeply dissected, on short petioles
expanding in sheath. Umbels terminating stem and branches, 2—6cm
across, of 12—20 irregular smooth rays; involucre absent or of few linear-
lanceolate leaflets: umbellets many-flowered, 3—5mm across; pedicels
glabrous, 2—3 times as long as flowers; involucels of 9-10 narrowly
lanceolate long-acuminate leaflets half the length of the pedicels; calyx-
teeth inconspicuous; petals white, glabrous; stylopodium conical; styles
recurved, longer than stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 3mm long, 1.5mm wide,
smooth, with 3 prominent acute white ribs and dark valleculae. Fl. July,
Pr. August.
Exposed slopes, stony steppes. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus:
Cisc., Dag. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus, after Blume's speci-
men, Type unknown.
4. S. grandivittatum (Somm. et Lev.) Schischk. in Izv. Kavkazsk. muz.
1 (ons 302: Werosse:) Fla Kavyk. WI, 16% > 5. vaneiulmy varie ra ns
divittatum Somm., et Lev. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900) 186.— Ic.:
Schischk., Ibid. (fruit).
Perennial: entire plant glabrous, glaucous; root fusiform, its neck
densely covered with fibrous remnants of petioles; stem 60—100 cm high,
cylindrical, erect, branching; radical leaves numerous, dense, oblong-
triangular, tripinnatisect into narrowly linear, 5—15mm long, 0.5—1 mm
492 wide lobules; upper leaves few, smaller. Umbels of 8—20 thin cylindrical
glabrous very unequal rays compact in fruit; involucre absent or of 1—2
leaflets: involucels of 7—9 ovate-lanceolate acuminate leaflets with sca-
rious margins, */) to '/, the length of the umbel rays; calyx-teeth very
short: petals white; fruit glabrous, ovoid-oblong, 2.5—3.5mm long, ribs
prominent, regular; canals under valleculae single, cylindrical-inflated,
entirely occupying space between ribs. June.
Stony slopes. — Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic. Described from near
Tbilisi. Type in Florence, cotype in Tbilisi.
5. S. pallasii Bess. Ind. Horti Crem. (USING) USOE IDSs ie scoobes INV. ess Ldb.
Ma sRoOsseellai2toe— tome auic ul male. Ba skMey taur. scauces iee234) nen I);
Simao, Il. dl, SOS, Se wo Ss Welw uwlian Wield, Io IOs, JUL Ale, wove Isctey5 —
S.osseum Savul, et Rayss, Mater. pentru Fl. Basarab. III-A (1934) 213,
non Crantz.— Ie.: DC. Coll. Mém. V, tab. 3 (fruit); Rchb. Icon. Fl. germ. XXI,
(Al, UGS, — iaxca se (ER ese lay Non West 3).
Biennial or perennial; root fusiform, whitish, its neck covered with
fibrous remnants of petioles; stem 30—120cm high, erect, cylindrical,
thinly ribbed, like entire plant glabrous, strongly branching, more or less
leafy below, nearly leafless above; lower cauline leaves triangular,
2—4-pinnatisect into linear-lanceolate or linear, 1.5—2cm long, 1mm wide,
acute or obtuse, lobules with short mucro, slightly tapering at base with
hardly scabrous margins; upper leaves with 3-partite or simple (linear)
blade sessile on narrow sheath with white-scarious margins. Umbels of
355
(493)
rt Ls
AW \
Q
PLATE XXXII. 1—Seseli iliense (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky.; 2—S.sessiliflorum Schrenk.;
3—S.incanum (Steph.) B. Fedtsch.
60115 1 356
7—15 faceted glabrous rays; involucre absent or 1-leaved; leaflets of in-
volucels subulate with narrow white-scarious margin, shorter than pedicels;
calyx-teeth conspicuous, subulate; petals small, 0.5mm long, broadly
ovate, slightly notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical;
styles longer than stylopodium, recurved; fruit broadly ovoid, with pro-
minent ribs, 3—5mm long, 1.5—2mm thick, scabrous-hairy when young,
becoming glabrous when ripe, indistinctly tuberculate; canals under valle-
culae rather large, single, 2 toward commissure. July — August.
495 Stony slopes. European part: Bes., Bl., U. Dns., U. Dnp., Balt. (Val
nius, introduced). Gen. distr.: Bal. Described from Russia. Type and
cotype in Leningrad.
Series 3. Peucedanoidea Schischk. — Leaflets of involucre setiform;
petals greenish-yellowish; fruit oblong, glabrous.
6. S. peucedanoides (M. B.) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.n. s.
XXIX (1915) 183: Hayek in Fedde, Repert. Beih. XXX, 1 (1927) 1009;
Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 166.— Bunium peweedanoides M. B. Fl.
taur,-cauc. 1 (1808) 211; Ill, 208; DC. Prodr. IV, 116.—Sium peuceda-
noides Spreng. Umbell. Spec. (1818) 92; Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820)
MOL Silla wsmeas vito limicl© ~AG NIN Vierzelrchua etl Cave. (ssa) eae
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 288.—S. peucedanoides Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872)
974, non DC. (1830); Shmal'g., Fl. I, 400.— Exs.: G. R. F. No. 121.
Perennial: neck sparsely covered with fibrous remnants of petioles;
stem glabrous, 40—80cm high, erect, faceted-furrowed, hollow, with
few antrorse branches in upper part; leaves oblong, the radical and lower
cauline leaves long-petioled, bipinnatisect into oblong-linear, 4—8 mm long,
ca. 1mm wide, mucronate lobules, scabrous at margin, upper leaves
smaller and less dissected, sessile on narrowly oblong sheath. Umbels of
10-20 irregular glabrous rays upright in fruit; involucre of 6—8 linear leaf-
lets 1cm long; involucels of 6—8 linear-filiform acuminate leaflets; petals
with incurved tip, slightly notched, yellowish-greenish; fruit oblong, 3mm
long. June— July.
Shrubs, oak forests, forest edges, meadows. — Caucasus: Cisey. DWalck,
E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described
from near Narzan and Beshtau Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
7. S. elegans Schischk. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, XIII
(1950) 161.— Gasparrinia peucedanoides Woron. in Fl. Yugo-Vost.
Ey GoDeNchn wos Skis. iVe( lool) SOs mon duneli:
Perennial: root rather thick, ascending; neck covered with few brown
fibrous leaf remnants: stem faceted-furrowed, ca. 90cm high, slightly
branching in upper half with antrorse branches, together with leaves gla-
brous; radical leaves oblong, on petioles several times exceeding blade,
the last 5—-7cm long, ca. 3cm wide, tripinnatisect, primary lobes more
- 496or less long-petioluled, secondary lobes short-petioluled, these dissected
into linear lobules 3-6mm long, 0.5—1mm wide, with revolute margins
and mucro at apex: cauline leaves similar to the radical but on much shorter
petioles; uppermost leaves sessile, simple-pinnate, small. Umbels5—6cm
ai)
across, of 8—13 extremely irregular rays scabrous above; involucre of
5—11 linear acuminate leaflets appressed to umbel rays; umbellets 20-
flowered, 5—7mm across; pedicels subglabrous; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals obcordate, notched, greenish-yellow, ca. 0.5mm long; stylopodium
short-conical; styles reflexed, nearly as long as stylopodium; ripe fruit
unknown. July.
Dry slopes, shrubby formations. — European part: L. Don(NE). Endemic.
Described from Danilovka (formerly Petrovsk County). Type in Leningrad.
Series 4. Glabrata Schischk. — A whitish frill at base of ovary and fruit.
8. S. glabratum Willd. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 406.— S. tenuifolium
Ldb Pie walt. 1500829) 333) Pls Rossi, 274: ekoyl:, El. wag Silopeveeile
2066.— Trinia ramosissima Kan. et'Kir. in Bull. Soc) Wake Mesa a
(1841), 60> quo“ad plant. e¢ Buchtagaia. —Ic.: Ldb. ic. Ply Pl hossaaiestaor
97. — Exs.: P. Smirn. Exs. Soc. Nat. cur, Mosq. No. 58.
Perennial; root thick, woody; stems numerous 25—40cm high, becoming
woody at base, slightly curved, thin, branching, glabrous, glaucous-green;
radical leaves numerous, bipinnate, into filiform-linear, 1.5—6(8) cm long,
7.5—0.75mm wide, glabrous lobules; cauline leaves 3—4, their short petioles
dilated into sheath; upper leaves simple-pinnate or ternate or simple.
Umbels 2—4cm across, of 6—8 thickish ribbed glabrous rays; involucre
absent; umbellets 5—10mm across, 8—10-flowered; involucels of 7—8 lan-
ceolate recurved leaflets with scarious margins, much shorter than umbellet
rays; at base of ovary (and of fruit) a whitish scarious frill; calyx-teeth
distinct; petals white, glabrous outside; fruit 3—4mm long, ribs thickish,
protruding; stylopodium large, pyramidal-conical; styles reflexed, shorter
than stylopodium. June-July.
Feather-grass-sheep's fescue and clayey-pebbly, often solonetzic steppes,
stony slopes, chalky outcrops. — European part: V.-Kama (SW-Ichki Moun-
tain), Bransve. W, Siberia: U) Rob. ict, Alt); Centr) Asiaa Ar j@aspare
497 Balkh., Dzu-Tarb. (Saur, Tarbagatai). Gen.distr.: Sinkiang (along the
Black Irtysh). Described from Pallas' collections from Siberia. Type
in Leningrad.
Note. The plant reported from Bukhtarma by Karelin and Kirillov
(Enumer. plant. altaic.) as '"Trinia ramosissima" belongs to the
highly typical S. glabratum, easily distinguished from all other species
of Seseli by the frill surrounding the base of the ovary and fruit.
Series 5. Petraea Schischk. — Plant with thick root, main umbel of
15—80 rays; ovary and fruit short-haired.
92 1S, petracum M:'B: Pl. taurm)-cauc..1 (1808), 235: sdb) ea Rossoul.
276;> Boiss. Fl? or 41, 13642) Shmial's . bis 1,399) (Grosseou, (Hl kaye wilt.
166.— S. floribundum Somm. et Lev. Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital. (1895)
75; Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI(1900) 184; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 166.— Ic.:
Rehb. Hort. bot. tab. 3 (1824).
Perennial; root thick, 1—2 cm across, its neck covered with fibrous leaf
remnants; stems single or few 5—6mm thick, cylindrical, furrowed,
branching from base, densely short-haired, main stem usually reduced,
358
5—7cm (rarely to 40cm) high, the lateral branches sometimes 2—3 times
as high; radical leaves ovate-triangular or ovate, their petioles dilated
into sheath, their blade 15—20cm long, bi- or tripinnatisect, glabrous,
the primary lobes on more or less long petiolules, the lobules acute,
lanceolate or narrowly ovate, rarely linear, 0.5—2cm long, 3.5mm wide,
with flat or revolute margin; central umbel 9—10cm across, of 25—80
densely hairy ribbed rays, lateral umbels 3—7cm across, of 17—25 rays;
involucre absent: umbellets many-flowered, lcm across; pedicels 2—3
times as long as flowers, densely hairy, thickening in fruit; involucels of
10—12 linear-subulate, densely hairy leaflets, usually as long as or slightly
longer than pedicels; calyx-teeth lanceolate-triangular; petals white,
dorsally pubescent; fruit ovoid, densely hairy, 2mm long, ca. 1mm wide,
with filiform ribs; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed, twice as long as
stylopodium. July — August.
Stony mountain slopes and cliffs, especially limestones, to 1,500m.—
Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc. Endemic. Described from the Caucasus.
Type in Leningrad.
10. S. gummiferum Pall. in Tab. Taur. (1797) 49, nom. nud. non
Bubon gummifer L. Sp. pl. (1753) 254; descriptio apud Smith, Exotic
498 Botany, II (1805) 120; DC. Prodr. IV, 145; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 273; Boiss.
eroremlie Gl wSlimialiom etl sou. — Mic. womathin lease taba 2 OF ER Xs). ;
G.R.F. No. 2040 (sub Seseli lehmanni); Dorfl. Herb. normale,
No. 3413.
Perennial: root thick, to 2cm across; stem 60—100cm high, branching,
ribbed, leafy, finely pubescent, the lower 10cm covered with brown trun-
cate remnants of petioles and sheaths, not separating into fibers; leaves
tripinnatisect, oblong, glaucous, short-haired, lobules oblong or cuneate,
1.5—3cm long, 1.5—4mm wide, acute, decurrent. Main umbel large,
10—15cm across, of many (30—60) densely hairy rays, umbels on lateral
branches smaller, of 8—30 rays; involucre of main umbel of 8—10 lanceo-
late-linear acute leaflets, of smaller umbels 1—2-leaved (?) or absent;
umbellets with numerous subsessile flowers; involucels of 25—30 short-
haired linear acute leaflets (exceeding flowering umbellet) fused at base;
petals red or white, with long-attenuate inward curved tip, glabrous
outside; fruit ovoid-oblong, 4mm long, 1.5mm wide, very short-hairy-
scabrous, with prominent obtuse, whitish ribs; stylopodium short-conical;
styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium. July — August.
Rock crevices, limestones. — European part: Crim. (southern shore).
Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type in London.
Note. The flowers have a faint aroma reminiscent of barberry. When
bruised, the stems yield large quantities of gum, hence the specific epithet.
11. S. lehmannii Degen in Bot. Zeitschr. XLVIII, No.41898) 121.— Exs.:
Ge Ro lf a IN@s Bioaals
Perennial: root thick, 10—20mm across; stems 10—75cm high, single
or few, leafy, glabrous, branching or simple; leaves oblong, glabrous,
bipinnatisect into linear, 2.5—7cm long, 1—2mm wide lobules, their
petioles nearly as long or '/p to 4 the length of the blade, dilated into sheath;
median and upper leaves less dissected, short-petioled. Main umbel of
359
499
500
30 rays 7—9cm across, lateral umbels of 12—20 unequal rays hairy above
3.5—5cm across; involucre of 10—16 linear-lanceolate, acuminate leaflets
with scabrous hairy margins, sometimes 3-partite above, half as long as
rays; umbellets many-flowered, 0.5—2cm across, semiglobular, the flowers
densely crowded, nearly sessile; leaflets of involucels narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, slightly spinose, hairy dorsally and along margins, as long as
or longer than umbellets; calyx-teeth triangular, acute, persistent; petals
white or pink, ovate; stylopodium conical, with pectinate margin; styles
elongating in fruit, reflexed, purple; fruit obovoid, short-haired, ca. 4mm
long, prominently ribbed. July — August.
Stony slopes in upper parts of Crimean mountain pastures.— European
part: Crim. (Ai-Petri, Roman-Kosh, Chernaya, Babugan and other moun-
tains). Endemic. Described from the summit of Ai-Petri. Type in
Budapest.
12. S. ponticum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XIV (1897) 269; Grossg., Fl.
Kavk. Ill, 160:—Exs.: Herb. Pl. 'Cauc. No. 4375) Pl cauc, jexs sNonaspe
Perennial; plant glaucous, stem 20—70cm high, more or less velutinous-
hairy, branching above; radical leaves numerous, glabrous, oblong, short-
petioled, tripinnatisect into linear or narrowly linear, 0.5—2.5cm long,
I—2 mm wide lobules; median and upper leaves smaller and less dissected,
sessile on dilated sheath, the uppermost leaves bipinnatisect, often hairy.
Main umbel 5—6.5cm across, of 15—25 rays, lateral umbels smaller,
1—4cm across, of 8—13 unequal, ribbed, densely haired rays; involucre
absent or of few leaflets; umbellets 10—12-flowered, 10mm across; leaf-
lets of involucels lanceolate, as long as umbellet, acute, fused at base;
calyx-teeth triangular, persistent in fruit; petals white, dorsally glabrous,
with inward curved tip; fruit 5—5.5mm long, 2.5mm wide, hairy, with
3 prominent ribs. July — August.
Limestone and clayey slopes, near cliffs. — Caucasus: W. Transc.
(Anapa, Novorossiisk, Gelendzhik, and others). Endemic. Described from
Anapa, Novorossiisk and others. Type in Leningrad.
Series 6. Tortuosa Schischk. — Stems strongly branching from base or
middle; umbels of 2—15 rays; flowers and fruit hairy; involucre usually
absent.
13. S. campestre Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 47; Trevir. in Act.
soe, cur. Nat, 13y¢l826) 170; DC. ~Prodry IV: 1438) idbeab le Roscenie
2/3.— 5..Lomtuesum, Boiss, Wi, or. I; .964,, exrp.,nontl.. 7Groscosgne
Kavk IE, 166, ex plus: tO rtuo sum) BL) Camipie Site 4Sehmiall eee
Sredn. i Yuzhn. Rossii, I (1895) 399; Savulescu et Rayss, Materiale pentru
Flora Basarabici, IlI-A (1934) 213.— ?S.devenyense Grossh., Fl,
enyice IU MO, loyal Sutra
Perennial; root 0.5—1.5cm thick, usually erect, its neck nearly without
fibrous leaf remnants; stem 50—100cm high, finely ribbed, usually branch-
ing from base with numerous hollow, nearly horizontal, antrorse branches,
stem and leaves glabrous, shiny, pale green or more or less deep violet;
360
501
radical leaves numerous, their petioles canaliculate gradually dilating
into rather long, narrowly oblong sheath, their blade obtriangular, 15—25 cm
long, nearly as wide above, 3—4-pinnatisect, primary lobes on petiolules,
the lower primary pair obliquely ascending, nearly as long as entire leaf,
lobules linear, 0.5—2 cm long, 0.5—1.5mm wide, acute, with slightly revolute
margins; upper cauline leaves smaller, less deeply dissected, uppermost
leaves reduced to sheath. Umbels 3—5cm across, numerous, terminating
stem and branches (size of terminal umbel differs very little from the
lateral), of 7-15 angular, unequal rays scabrous-hairy above; involucre
absent or 1 of 1—2 upright lanceolate-acuminate leaflets; umbellets 5—-8mm
across, with short-scabrous rays; involucels of 9—12 upright lanceolate-
linear, acuminate, scabrous-hairy leaflets with narrow scarious margins,
as long as umbellet; ovary densely hairy; stylopodium conical, with undulant
base; styles reflexed, 14), to 2 times as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid,
densely hairy, 3mm long, 1-2 mm wide, with thickish ribs. July—August.
Chernozem and stony steppes, stony slopes, chalk outcrops, rarely as a
weed ot felds.— Muropean pant: M-Di BES U.Pns., Bes:, lDon; JEng: Whos
Transy.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transe. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min.
Described from Podolia. Type and cotype in Leningrad.
14. S. pauciradiatum Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XV, 436. —
S. tortuosum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 276, quoad pl. taur.; Boiss. Fl.
or. Il, 964, quoad pl. taur.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Ill, 166, p. min. p. —
S. tortuosum 8B. tauricum DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 148, non S. tauri-
cum Link.
Perennial; root ascending, 8mm thick, its neck densely covered with
fibrous leaf remnants; stems single, 20—40 cm high, 3—4mm thick, more
or less flexuose, glabrous, finely ribbed, branching from base; radical
leaves numerous, ovate, 11—15cm long, 5—10cm wide, tripinnatisect, their
petioles dilated into sheath; lobules 0.3—2cm long, 0.5—1 mm wide, acute,
slightly scabrous along margins and midrib; cauline leaves smaller, less
finely dissected; uppermost leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbels 1—3 cm
across, of 5—8 thickish, ribbed rays hardly scabrous above; involucre
absent; umbellets many-flowered, dense, subglobular, 3—4 mm across;
involucels of 7 lanceolate-linear acuminate leaflets with scarious margin,
nearly as long as umbellet; pedicels glabrous, as long as or twice
as long as flowers; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; ovary densely covered
with short hairs; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed; fruit ovoid,
2.5mm long, ca. 1.5mm wide, stiff-haired, with prominent nerves.
Fl. August—September, Fr. October.
Clayey slopes. — European part: Crim. (Karadag Mountain, Greater
Agarmysh plateau, Kholodnaya ravine, Soudag and Shapka Monomakha
mountains); Caucasus: W. Transc. (Novorossiisk, Gelendzhik, Anapa).
Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
152 Si arenarium M. B. Pl) “taur, = cauc "iW (N89) 242, imvadnot. —
S@annum- Pall’"Tab) Taur.-49, non Le: MB Ely taur. =icaue. 1," 235,
non L.— S. tortuosum Trev. in Mag. Nat. Berl. VII (1818) 148, non L.
Perennial; root 6—12mm thick; stem 40—150 cm high, glabrous, finely
ribbed, flexuose, glaucescent green, sometimes slightly violet, branching
361
502
from base with strongly spreading branches; leaves ovate-triangular, the
radical to 20—25 cm long, 10—12 cm wide, the short petioles gradually
dilating to sheath, tripinnatisect into linear, 10—45 mm long, 0.5—1 mm
wide lobules with slightly revolute margins; upper leaves smaller. Umbels
3—6 cm across, of 6—15 unequal, ribbed rays hairy above, very rarely glab-
rous; involucre of 1—2 linear or lanceolate leaflets or absent; umbellets
many-flowered; pedicels hairy, very rarely glabrous, 2 to 3 times as long
as flowers: involucels of 5—10 linear acuminate leaflets with scarious
margin, usually short-haired outside; petals white, hairy outside; fruit
ovoid, with sparse stiff hairs, 5.5mm long, 2.5mm wide, with 3 prominent
ribs. July—September.
Feather-grass steppes, stony and chalk slopes, pine forests, rarely a
weed of crops. — European part: Bl., L.V., U.Dnp., U.Dns., L. Don,
V.-Don, Transv., Crim. (Kerch, Karadag Mountain, elsewhere rare);
Caucasus: Cisec. Endemic. Described from the Ukraine. Type in
Leningrad.
16. S. peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 44;
Trevir. Act. Soc:)cun. (Nat. Vi; (13 (1826)) 172; ) in’ adnot.;) DC. .Procdm ie
145, non Merat, Fl. Paris. (1832) 115.— S. rigidum 8. peucedani-
folium Bess. in’ Flora (1832) 11, Beibl..127;) Ldb; Fl) Ross, I) 2¢2e——
S. leucospermum subsp. peucedanifolium Nyman, Consp. Fl.
Eur. (1878) 295.— Bubon peucedanifolius Spreng. Syst. I (1819)
900.— B. rigidus y. peucedanifolius Spreng. in Schult. Syst.
veg. VI (1820) 497.
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 4—6 mm thick; stems usually
single, 40—60 cm high, 4—5 mm thick, glabrous, finely ribbed, with obliquely
antrorse branches from middle up; radical leaves numerous, 1.5—5 cm
long, 0.5—-1.5(2) mm wide, glabrous, thinly acuminate, tripinnatisect into
long lobules; cauline leaves smaller, less strongly dissected. Umbels
1.5—2.5cm across, of 7-12 angular, densely hairy, unequal rays; involucre
absent; umbellets many-flowered, 4—6 mm across; pedicels hairy, shorter
than flowers or as long; involucels of 8-11 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
acuminate, more or less hairy leaflets connate at base, nearly as long as
umbellet or longer; fruit oblong-ovoid, tuberculate-hairy when young.
July—August?
Slopes. — European part: U. Dns. (Podolia). Endemic. Described from
the southern Ukraine. Type in Kiev, cotype in Leningrad.
17. S. andronakii Woron. in Addenda XV, 437.
Perennial; root vertical, ca. 10 mm across, its neck covered with brown
leaf remnants; stem single, 40-140 cm high, to 1.5cm across, erect, dense,
glabrous, flexuose, thinly furrowed, branching from middle; radical leaves
numerous, glaucescent, their short petioles dilated to sheath, their blade
broadly obovate, 25—30 cm long, ca. 20cm wide, many times pinnatisect, into
1—3 cm long, 0.5—1 mm wide, linear or narrowly linear acute lobules with
revolute margins; cauline leaves smaller and less dissected, subsessile
or on short expanded petioles. Umbels numerous, 2—4.5cm across, of
5—8 unequal ribbed rays scabrous above; involucre absent; umbellets
4—6 mm across, with numerous densely crowded flowers on short-haired
362
503
504
pedicels as long as flowers or longer; involucels of 10—11 ciliate leaflets
with scarious margins, nearly as long as umbellet; calyx-teeth incon-
spicuous; petals white, dorsally glabrous, ca. 1mm long; ovary densely
covered with white-hairs; stylopodium flat-conical; fruit unknown. August.
Stony slopes. — As yet this species has not been observed in the USSR
but it occurs in the region close to Turkey (Artvin District, near Lomashen
and Olta). Endemic. Described from Artvin District. Type in Leningrad.
18. S. leptocladum Woron. in Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, Fl. i
sist. 1(1933) 219.— S. sedae Takht. in Adnot. ad indic. sem. a horto
botan. Erevanensi (1940) 2 et in Not. Syst. ac Geograph. Inst. bot.
Tbilisiens. IX (1940) 24.
Perennial; root ascending, ca. 8mm thick; stem single, 50—60cm high,
erect, slightly flexuose, violet in lower half, glabrous, finely ribbed, with
obliquely antrorse branches nearly from base; radical leaves oblong,
glabrous, glaucescent, 6 cm long, ca. 1.5cm wide, numerous (?), bipinnate,
with linear or narrowly lanceolate, 5-12 mm long, 1—1.5mm lobules.
Umbels 1—2cm across, of 2—3 very unequal rays obscurely scabrous above;
involucre absent; umbellets many-flowered, 4—5 mm across, on scabrous-
hairy pedicels as long as flowers or shorter; involucels of 7—8-linear-
lanceolate, acute, dorsally short-haired leaflets nearly as long as pedicels
or shorter; petals white or faintly violet, dorsally hardly scabrous; ovary
densely covered with velutinous hairs; stylopodium flat-conical; ripe fruit
unknown. July—August.
Limestone slopes.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Daralagez). Endemic.
Described from the Arpa-Chai River ravine, ca. 1,500 m. Type in Leningrad.
Series 7. Eriocarpa Schischk. — Stems branching above, umbels of
5—10 rays, ovary and fruit hairy, involucre usually present.
19. S. eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch. in Rast. Turkest. (1915)
617.— Libanotis eriocarpa Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad.
Pétersb. II (1843) 195.
Perennial; root rather thick, 3—7 mm, erect or ascending; stems
usually few, 20—60cm high, finely ribbed, erect, glabrous or short-scabrous-
hairy, branching above with short branches in upper part; radical leaves
oblong or ovate, with petiole 5—12 cm long, 1.5—3.5 cm wide, glabrous or
slightly scabrous-hairy, petiole short (1—4cm long); primary lobes short-
petioluled, pinnatisect, secondary lobes deeply pinnatisect into linear sharp-
tipped lobules, 3—15mm long, 1—1.5mm wide. Umbels 2—4cm across,
of 5-15 nearly equal, densely short-haired rays; involucel of 5—10 linear,
long-acuminate, sometimes recurved leaflets Ub to “Ie the length of the
umbel rays, short-haired outside, with scarious margins; umbellets ca.
8mm across, on short-haired pedicels nearly as long as or slightly longer
than flowers; involucels of 8—10 lanceolate, hairy, acuminate leaflets as
long as pedicels becoming recurved; petals white or faintly violet, densely
short-haired above; fruit short-haired, 3mm long, 1.5mm wide, with
prominent ribs. July—August. (Plate XXXIII, Figure 3.)
363
505
Southern stony slopes, solonetzic meadows. — W. Siberia: Irt.; Centr.
Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from Ulu- Tau Mountains.
Type in Leningrad.
20. S. incanum (Steph.) B. Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. (1915) 617.—
S. fray eolens jldb, Fly alt..1.(1829) 3405 Ress iglls27 Gr
Athamanta incana Steph. ex Willd. Sp. pl. 1(1798) 1402.—
Libanotis. patriniana DC, Coll. Mém.. WV (1829); 482) Prodcauiy:
150.— L..wul giawisws . inicana DC), Prodin. BV yGi830) OR
L.ineana, B.Fedtsch., Perech..cast. Burkest, I1(£909)94: | Koad eee:
Gio, WITH, POV2,— iese Ibelo> le, jol, Imi, In@sie. IW, ral, 1@4.
Perennial: root thick, to 1 cm across, erect or ascending, its neck
densely covered with brown leaf remnants; stem erect, 25—60 cm high,
branching, finely ribbed, like leaves covered with short thick hairs;
radical leaves numerous, 10—15 cm long, 1—6 em wide, on 1—2.5 cm long
petioles, their blade oblong-ovate or narrowly triangular, many times
pinnatisect; primary lobes unequal (1.5—5 cm long), crowded, the lower
more than 3 times, the upper less than twice pinnatisect into linear
slightly fleshy 1—2mm long lobules; lower cauline leaves similar to the
radical but lobules much longer (to 8mm); upper leaves smaller and less
dissected, the short sheaths with white-membranous margins. Umbels
6—10 cm across, of 15—30 rays; involucre absent or of 1 leaflet; um-
bellets many-flowered, 10—15mm across; involucels of 12—13 lanceolate,
acuminate leaflets sometimes with bi-tridentate apex, nearly as long as
pedicels; calyx-teeth ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, a the length of the
white, ca. 1.5mm long petals, bearing stiff short hairs outside; fruit ovoid,
4mm long, 2.5mm wide, covered with short stiff hairs. June—July.
(Plate XXXII, Figure 3.)
Stony slopes. — W. Siberia: Irt. (SW-Karacheku Mountains, Bunkuldak
River), Alt. (vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk); Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Ayaguz,
Monrak, Kichkine-Tau, Kenderlyk, Saikan Mountain). Endemic. Described
from vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Type was in Berlin.
21. 8S. abolinii (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Phlojodicarpus
abolinii Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 74.
Perennial; entire plant glaucescent; root rather thick, woody, branching,
its neck densely covered with fibrous leaf remnants; stems few, 20—25cm
high, angular and scattered-hairy above; radical leaves numerous, sub-
glabrous, their petioles hairy, shorter than oblong pinnatisect blade, entire
leaf 10cm long, 3cm wide; primary lobes nearly ovate, pinnatisect into
lanceolate, entire or pinnatifid lobules; cauline leaves smaller, sessile on
narrowly lanceolate sheath. Umbels 3—4cm across, of 6—11 densely
pubescent rays; involucre of 5 lanceolate, herbaceous, unequal leaflets,
sometimes twice cleft at apex, shorter than umbel rays; umbellets 8-10mm
across, dense; flowers short-pediceled; involucre of 5—8 lanceolate leaf-
lets nearly as long as umbellet rays; calyx-teeth lanceolate, densely pubes-
cent, half the length of the white, glabrous, obovate, short-clawed, slightly
notched petals with inward curved lobe, 1.3—1.8mm long; fruit oblong-
elliptic, densely hairy, 6mm long, 3.5mm wide, dorsal ribs thickish, the
lateral twice as wide as the dorsal; canals narrow, Single in valleculae,
364
506
507
2 toward commissure; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed,
nearly three times as long as stylopodium. July. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 5.)
Stony localities in forest belt.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (SW—Dzungarian
Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Kondzhet, Tur-Aigyr and other
mountains. Type in Leningrad.
22. S: songoricum Schischk. sp. nove in Addenda XV, 43/6:
Perennial: root thick, multicipital; stems few or many, 24—25cm high,
erect, slightly branching above, like leaves covered with very short scabrous
hairs; radical leaves numerous, their petioles as long as or shorter or
slightly longer than blade, gradually dilated to sheath, the blade oblong,
3—8cm long, 0.5—2 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect into 2—5 mm long,
0.5—1 mm wide lobules, with short mucro; cauline leaves 1—3, similar to
the radical but smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels of 5—10
densely hairy unequal rays; involucre of 3—5 ovate, acuminate, densely
hairy leaflets; umbellets ca. 1 cm across, many-flowered; involucels of
11—13 ovate-lanceolate, basally connate, acute leaflets with narrow scarious
margins, covered with short thick hairs beneath, calyx-teeth triangular;
petals white, dorsally glabrous, with inward curved tip; young fruit densely
hairy; ripe fruitunknown; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed,
longer than stylopodium, often violet. July.
Pebbly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Dzungarian Range). Endemic.
Described from Altynemel pass. Type in Leningrad.
23. S. lehmannianum (Bge.) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 967.— S. fed-
schenkoanum a kokanicum Rgl. et Schmalh. in A. P. Fedchenko,
Puteshestvie v Turkestan, 18 (1881) 30.—S. karateginum Lipsky in
iMemsot ofada, Oar, © (904) 14s. kokiand eum) lmipsky ex bo imedehs,
Rast. Turkest. (1915) 616.— Libanotis lehmanniana Bge. in Mem.
sav. etr. Petersb. VII (1851) 300.— L. marginata Korov. in Bot. mat.
Gerb. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 73.— L. nevskii Korov. in Sistem. zam.
Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 19.— L. unicaulis Korov.
Ibid. (1947) 18.— L. merkulowiczii Korov., Ibid. (1947) 16.
Perennial; root thick, 5—7mm across, multicipital, its neck covered with
remnants of petioles; stems few, 20—80 cm high, erect, finely ribbed, like
leaves covered with short velutinous hairs, branching from middle or above;
radical leaves numerous, the short petioles gradually dilated to sheath, the
blade oblong or lanceolate, bipinnatisect into 3—4 more or less remote pairs
of leaflets of the first order, borne on short petiolules, these in turn dis-
sected into linear-lanceolate or linear acute lobules, 0.7—3 cm long, 2—7 mm
wide; upper leaves smaller and less dissected. Terminal umbels 2—4.5cm
across, long-peduncled, of 5—20 unequal rays finely pubescent above; in-
volucre of 2—7 linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent leaflets with scarious
margin, half the length of the rays; umbellets 4—10mm across; pedicels
covered with short velutinous hairs; involucels of 10—12 linear-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, pubescent leaflets with scarious margin, as long as or longer
than pedicels; petals white or pink, pubescent outside; ovary tomentose;
fruit oblong-ovoid, 3—4 mm long, 1.5—2mm wide, densely pubescent, with
inconspicuous ribs; stylopodium reddish; canals large, single in valleculae,
2 toward commissure. July—August.
365
308
Stony, rocky and wormwood slopes, taluses, sandy terraces to 2,500 m. —
Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T.Sh.(W.). Endemic. Described from cliffs in
the subalpine zone of the Kara-Tau Mountains, near Samarkand. Type in
Paris.
24. §. turbinatum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN
UzSSR, VII (1947) 21.
Perennial; stems high, finely furrowed, glabrous, branching, the branches
short, 1 undeveloped lying at base of stem; leaves bilaterally glabrous,
their petioles sulcate, flat above, half the length of the blade, blade oblong-
oval, with 5 remote sessile or short-petioled primary lobes bipinnatisect
into 10-12 mm long, 2.5—3 mm wide, lanceolate, acute lobules with revolute
margin; upper cauline leaves reduced to linear-lanceolate sheaths. Um-
bels of 4—5 softly pubescent rays to 1—2.5cm long, thickening in fruit;
involucre absent; umbellets thick, 20-flowered; involucels of 9—11 lanceo-
late leaflets free nearly to base, as long as umbellets; flowers sessile;
calyx edenticulate; petals oblong-oval, with sharp inward curved tip, 1mm
long, pubescent outside; stylopodium conical; styles as long as stylo-
podium is wide; fruit (unripe) oblong-ovoid, gray-hairy, 4.5mm long, dor-
sally compressed, the ribs inflated, the margins expanded to a frill; canals
wide, single under valleculae, 4 toward commissure. July.
Mountain slopes. — Centr. Asia: T.Sh.(W.). Endemic. Described from
Koitash Mountains. Type in Tashkent.
Series 8. Fasciculata Schischk.— Umbels of 5—9 rays, ovary and fruit
hairy, leaves oblong, with lobes of the first order whorled.
25. S. fasciculatum Korov. in Herb. Leninopol.— Libanotis fasci-
culata Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XIV, Dopoln. (1926) 11.—
EDS renal» Hpeaeyvl NOs 24. 0P
Perennial; root 6—13 mm thick, multicipital; stems many, erect, 25—40 cm
high, their base covered with remnants of sheaths, obscurely finely ribbed,
branching nearly from base or from middle, covered with short scabrous
hairs below, rarely glabrous, subglabrous above; radical leaves numerous,
short-scabrous-hairy, petioles more or less long, with short sheaths, blades
narrowly oblong, 4-8cm long, 1—2 cm wide, the sessile primary lobes bi-
pinnatisect nearly to base into approximate linear-lanceolate 2—7 mm long,
0.5—1 mm wide lobules. Umbels 1—3 cm across, terminating stem and
reduced branches, of 7—9 unequal, glabrous or short sparsely hairy rays;
involucre of 5 linear, acuminate leaflets or absent; umbellets many-flowered
(to 20), with short unequal pedicels slightly longer than flowers and covered
with short hairs; involucels of 5 linear leaflets; petals pink in the middle,
rest white, dorsally glabrous; ovary densely pubescent; fruit ovoid-oblong,
3—4mm long, 1.2—1.5mm wide, covered with short velutinous hairs; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles reflexed, slightly longer than stylopodium.
Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
Variegated, stony, and gypsiferous-sandy slopes, to 2,100 m.— Centr.
Asia: T.Sh. (Chimgan, Chotkal, Atbashi, Naryn). Endemic. Described
from the subalpine belt of Greater Chimgan. Type in Leningrad.
366
26. S. korovinii Schischk. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR,
De (HO a0) aE 2:
Perennial: root thick, its neck covered with brown leaf remnants;
stems few or nearly single, erect, 35—65cm high, finely ribbed, very
short scabrous hair in lower half, subglabrous above, with obliquely
antrorse branches from middle or nearly from base; radical leaves nu-
merous, scabrous-hairy, oblong-linear, their short petioles, abruptly
dilated into sheath, bipinnatisect, 7—20cm long, ca. 1.5mm wide; pri-
mary lobes subsessile, the lower remote, the upper approximate, dissected
to base into lanceolate-linear or linear, 4-10mm long, 0.5—1mm wide,
acute lobules with revolute margins; cauline leaves similar to the radical
but smaller, the terminal with obsolete blade; umbels 1.5—2.5cm across,
of 5—7 unequal short-scabrous-hairy rays; involucre of 5 erect lanceolate-
linear acuminate hairy leaflets; umbellets small, 3-4mm across, 7—10-
509 flowered: involucels of 5 linear acuminate hairy leaflets, shorter than um-
bellet; calyx-teeth persistent; petals white, dorsally subglabrous, ca. 1mm
long; fruit ovoid, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide, densely hairy; stylopodium
short-conical; styles reflexed, nearly as long as stylopodium; mericarps
with 3 prominent ribs. Fl. July, Fr. September.
Southern slopes and fallows. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the basin of the Kashka Darya River. Type in Leningrad.
Series 9. Tenuisecta Schischk. — Stems branching, umbels small, 0.8—
3cm across, terminal lobules filiform or linear.
27. S. tenuisectum Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn.
antrop. i etnograf. XXXIV, 2(1881) 31.
Perennial: root thick, 5-8mm across; stems usually few, 50—100cm
high, glabrous, finely ribbed, with obliquely spreading branches in upper
part; radical leaves numerous, glabrous, ovate-oblong, simple or bipinna-
tisect into 3—4 pairs of primary linear lobes bearing 2—3 narrowly linear
2-8 cm long, 0.5—1 mm wide lobules, petioles long, gradually dilated
to sheath, together with petioles 7-30 cm long, 2—6 cm wide. Umbels
small, 0.8—1.2cm across, of 7—11 short glabrous rays, sometimes slightly
hairy above; involucre of 5—7 lanceolate acute erect leaflets with ciliate
margins, much shorter than umbel rays; umbellets 5—10-flowered; pedicels
as long as or slightly longer than flowers, sparingly pubescent; involucels
of 5—7 lanceolate acute antrorse leaflets; petals white or whitish-greenish,
glabrous outside; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, as long as or
longer than stylopodium; fruit scabrous-hairy, oblong, 3mm long, 1mm
wide (ripe fruit unknown). Fl. August, Fr. September.
Stony slopes, grass-wormwood solonchak associations, limestone @lbinis, =
Cent. Asia: Pam.-Al., Syr D., T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from
Chotkal Range and Chirchik. Type in Leningrad.
28. S. iliense (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky in B. Fedch., Rast. Turkest.
(1915) 616.— S. fedtschenkoanum B. iliense Rgl. et Schmalh, in
Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn. antropol. i etnograf. XXXIV, 2 (1882)
3i2— Sival tisisimiuim, WM Pop. in Boteianaty (Gerba Bot) Inst AN SSSR,
WA 51940) 72)
367
510
511
Perennial: root to 2cm thick, its neck covered with remnants of sheaths;
stem erect, 1—2m high, 1—2cm thick, cylindrical, short-haired, with long
spreading branches nearly from base; radical leaves numerous, 40—50 cm
long, on short-haired short petioles dilated in sheath, their blade many
times pinnatisect into linear-filiform glabrous acute, 2—5cm long, 0.2—
0.3mm wide lobules; cauline leaves similar to the radical but smaller,
branches nearly leafless. Umbels 2—3cm across, of few unequal (1—2 cm
long) short-haired rays; involucre of 5—10 lanceolate dorsally short-
haired long-acuminate leaflets, with narrow scarious margin, shorter than
umbel rays; umbellets 5-6mm across, the numerous sessile flowers
crowded in globular head; involucels of 6—7 ovate-lanceolate acuminate
leaflets as long as or longer than flowers; calyx-teeth short, filiform;
petals white, glabrous; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed; fruit sub-
cylindrical, 3—4mm long, densely pubescent. July— August. (Plate XXXII,
Figure 1.)
Cliffs and stony slopes, semideserts. — Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (south
of Dzungarian Ala-Tau), Balkh. (SE), T. Sh. (NE, Zailiiskii Ala-Tau). Gen.
distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Sinkiang). Described from Koibin ravine. Type in
Leningrad.
‘29. S. giganteum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII, 1 (1904) 140.—
Libanoiivsnyumee a Koroy. in sistem Zam. Gerba inst. boOtammuEzoole
AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 17.
Perennial; root 1—1.5cm thick, obliquely ascending, its neck covered
with dark brown fibrous leaf remnants; stem erect, 150—300cm high,
glaucous-green, glabrous, cylindrical, hollow, with obliquely antrorse
branches; radical leaves early withering; cauline leaves sessile on oblong
dilated sheath, broadly triangular, glabrous, bi- or nearly tripinnate; into
1—8cm long, 1—3mm wide, lanceolate-linear, acute lobules, gradually
tapering to petiolules; upper leaves reduced to bladeless sheath, or with
obsolete blade. Umbels subcapitate ca. 1.5cm across, terminating stem
and branches, of 6—10 distally pubescent rays; involucre absent or of 4—6
ovate-lanceolate leaflets; umbellets ca. 4mm across, 10—20-flowered, on
short-haired peduncles; involucels of 6—10 linear-lanceolate acuminate,
densely hairy free leaflets; calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate; petals greenish-
violet, hairy outside, with inward curved tip, 0.8mm long; ovary and young
fruit densely hairy; stylopodium pulviniform, with undulant margin; styles
reflexed, longer than stylopodium. July — August.
Stony slopes and gravels in dry riverbeds, on slopes among Central Asian
juniper and spruce 1,500m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W., Uspenskoe, Khodzha-
Aty River, Karasul, Mogol-Tau). Endemic. Described from Fergana (Khod-
zha-Aty River valley). Type in Leningrad.
30. S. aemulans M. Pop. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, VIII,
4(1940) 73.
Perennial; root thick, branching above, multicipital, its neck not covered
with fibrous leaf remnants; stems few, 35cm high, with thin striae,
branching from base, like leaves glabrous, glaucescent; radical leaves
numerous, their more or less long petioles dilated to sheath, their blade
bipinnatisect, with remote petioluled primary lobes parted into linear or
368
pl2
linear-filiform 0.7—2.5(3) cm long, 0.5—1mm wide lobules; cauline leaves
few, smaller, the uppermost squamiform. Umbels 1—2cm across, short-
peduncled terminating stem and branches, of 2—4 unequal spreading rays;
involucre of 2—5 broadly ovate squamiform leaflets; umbellets 3-—5mm
across, 10-flowered, thick, with sessile flowers; leaflets of involucels
5—7, lanceolate-subulate, hairy, shorter than umbellets; petals pale yellow,
sometimes nearly white, dorsally hairy; stylopodium conical; styles re-
curved, longer than stylopodium; fruit densely short-haired, dorsally com-
pressed, ovoid-oblong, 7—8mm long, with thickish ribs and broad vallecu-
lae. August.
Sion oypSiieqOuUSsudeseintne 9 Ceniiien sia: Miz woh. shaden cs Wesermbed
from near Charyn. Type in Leningrad.
31. S. squarrosum Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR.
Mil (1950) 162’.
Perennial; root ca. 8mm thick, multicipital; stems few, erect or slight-
ly ascending at base, their base covered with divergent thick often violet
leaf remnants, finely ribbed, whitish, sometimes violet below, slightly
shiny, glabrous, short-haired only at flowering, with short, obliquely ant-
rorse branches in upper half; lower cauline leaves oblong, their blade 5—8
cm long, 2—4mm wide, tripinnatisect, with long petioles exceeding blade,
abruptly dilated to short broadly ovate sheath with scarious margins, with
markedly protruding veins; upper leaves smaller and less dissected, sessile
on short sheaths.. Umbels 0.8—1.2 cm across, of 2—5 ribbed slightly unequal
densely haired rays: involucre of 2—5 ovate acute 1—3mm long very short-
haired leaflets with scarious margin; umbellets ca. 4mm across, with
densely crowded, nearly capitate flowers on short pedicels; involucels short-
er than umbellets of 7—9 ovate-lanceolate short-haired acute leaflets,
connate at base: petals greenish covered with velutinous hairs outside; ovary
densely hairy; ripe fruit not known; stylopodium short-conical. July—August.
Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from the
western fringes of Betpak-Dala. Type in Leningrad.
Series 10. Flavidae Schischk. — Flowers yellowish, umbels of 7-13
glabrous rays, fruit hairy.
32. S. valentinae M. Pop. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, VIII,
4 (1940) 73. Lomatopodium lessingianum var. tenuifolia Rgl.
et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIX, 3 (1866) 85.
Perennial or biennial; root fusiform, its neck covered with fibrous leaf
remnants: stem 40—70cm high, cylindrical, with thin striae, thinly
pubescent at base, glabrous above, with long spreading branches nearly
from base; radical leaves few, oblong, 5—10cm long, 2.5—3cm wide, on
short scabrous-hairy petioles, the blade bipinnatisect; primary lobes re-
mote, petioluled, dissected into 2—5 narrowly linear or filiform-linear,
5—10mm long, 0.5—1mm wide lobules with slightly revolute margin, cauline
leaves sessile on oblong sheaths with membranous margin, the leaves
smaller, nearly simple-pinnate: uppermost leaves with reduced blade.
Umbels 3—10cm across, terminating stem and branches, of 7—13 unequal
369
glabrous or sparingly pubescent rays, compacted in fruit; involucre absent;
umbellets dense, capitate, 5-10mm across; leaflets of involucels 10—12,
lanceolate-linear, acuminate, pubescent, nearly as long as pedicels;
petals yellowish; ovary densely pubescent; stylopodium short-conical;
styles reflexed, VE times as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 2.6mm
long, 1.5mm wide, densely hairy. (Plate XXXIII, Figure 2.)
Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from the
Chilik River on Kungei Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Ses) Section 2. HIPPOMARATHROIDEA DC. Coll. Mém. V (1828) 47, emend.—
Leaflets of involucels connate for half their length or more, fruit ovoid,
2—4mm long.
33. S. hippomarathrum Jacq. Enum. Stirp. Vindob. (1762) 52; L. Sp.
pl. ed. 2.(1762) 374 (serius); Lidb. Fl. Ross. Il, 272, excludinsjyar:
hebecarpums.Shmallo, cleo e397, exp, Sj) sae i eal act wia@ pecans
Stinp.austrs eds 1,9 (17.6%) 91.— S. ha ppom anadhimim\subspaemn.
Happomanathrum.Thell. in Hegi, ll, FL. Mitteleun.” Vy W852)
1231.— Sium hippomarathrum Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. I (1788) 128.—
lice LR chibelcamtyas G erm SOCTE iialo eel ae el OZ leo)
Perennial; root 5—7mm thick; stems few or single, 20—50cm high,
erect, Slightly branching in upper part, glabrous; leaves crowded on root
neck and lower part of stem, oblong or oblong-ovate, with petiole 10—15cm
long, 3—8cm wide; petioles of lower leaves 2—5cm long, of upper shorter,
dilated to sheath; blade tripinnatisect into linear 4-12mm long, 0.5—1mm
wide lobules. Umbels ca. 2cm across, of 10—20 unequal glabrous rays;
involucre absent or of few leaflets; umbellets 5—7mm across; flowers
short-pediceled; involucels multifoliate, their leaflets connate nearly to
apex; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly obovate, dorsally
glabrous, 1—1.5mm long; young ovaries sometimes slightly velutinous-
hairy; fruit glabrous, ca. 3mm long, 2mm wide. July.
Slopes. — European part: Balt., U. Dup. (Kiev Region), U. Dns.) Bes.?
Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal. (N.). Described from Europe. Type in
Vienna.
34. S. ledebourii G. Don, Gener. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. III (1834)
308; skKryle, Fl. Zap. sibs Villl, 2064,— 5. happo mia rath rum! Be helbe
earpum~ DC. -Rrodr. IV (1830) 144;, bdo. Flo Ross: J1,.272.—sseahteo
pom anathrum~ Shimal'os, Pil. ik, 3975, ex) pse— S29 ha pipromasabiae 7 aeaamprad
subsp. hebecarpum Drude in E. —P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 202.
Perennial; root rather thick; stem erect, 25—65cm high, glabrous,
slightly branching above; radical and lower cauline leaves numerous,
glabrous sometimes scabrous, oblong-ovate, tripinnatisect into 0.5—2cm
long, 0.5—1mm wide linear lobules, with petioles 7—20cm long, 2—7cm
wide; upper leaves smaller, less parted, on short petioles dilated to
amplexicaulsheath. Umbels 2—3cm across, rather dense, of 10—20 unequal
014 rays glabrous or sparsely covered with hairs at one side: involucre absent
or few-leaved; umbellets 5—7mm across; involucels of many leaflets,
connate to middle or beyond with white-scarious margin, nearly as long as
370
915
umbellets; calyx-teeth obscure; petals white, broadly obovate, 1—1.5 mm
long; fruit 3mm long, 2mm wide, densely covered with short stiff hairs.
June—July.
Chernozem and solonetzic steppes, solonetzic meadows, in exposed
habitats, often rock or limestone slopes, cliffs. — European part: V.-Kama
Gib) 2 Wesiberta: (Ob, "U. ob. Inty, "Alt. (Ne) Centy. Asiay “Agi Casp,,
Balkh.(N.). Endemic. Described from Altai. Type in London.
gon) Sosealexcenkom lmipsmy im dics Lille sot Saga, Val ela o02)) ao;
Crosse... Ply havik. ll, 165"
Perennial; root vertical, ca. 4mm thick, its neck densely covered with
brown remnants of petioles; stem 30—70 cm high, usually single, rarely
few, thin, 2—2.5mm across, glabrous, ribbed, erect or slightly flexuose,
bearing slightly obliquely ascending branches from middle up; radical
leaves numerous, glabrous, on 3—6 cm long petioles dilated to sheath, blades
lanceolate-oblong, 5—10cm long, 1—4 em wide, tripinnate, with more or less
remote primary lobes and narrowly linear, 0.5—2 cm long, 0.4—1 mm wide
lobules, with very short mucro; cauline leaves few, less dissected, the upper
simple-pinnate, small. Umbels of 2—3(6) smooth unequal lobes; involucre
absent; umbellets dense, 2—3 mm across, nearly capitate; flowers on short
pedicels as long as flowers or shorter; involucels of 7—8(10) leaflets con-
nate nearly to top; petals whitish with dark stripe, glabrous; ovary with
fine very short pubescence; stylopodium flat-conical; fruit ovoid, 3mm
long, 1.5mm wide, sparingly pubescent, with prominent white ribs. July—
August.
Dry slopes on limestone, 900—1,200m.— Caucasus: Dag. Endemic.
Described from Dagestan (Dargin). Type in Leningrad.
Som %s. dichotomum Pall! fab. faun. (F797)'49) nom. “nud: MB. HI:
tae cave il (80s e267) dbs He Rosse ih 232) Ssomaltion hie 398:
Grosse), b lvicvie ib 6o.—"Bubon rigidior Sprene)” Pug. IW (vers)
53, non Waldst. et Kit.— B. rigidus var. $8. Spreng. in Schult. Syst. veg. VI
(1820) 497.— B. dichotomus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. (1821) 278. —
ice Stmicy) Dory Viape tabe 20 Won —) Exe G. bu Fs Now O2Z0r
Perennial; entire plant glaucous, thinly covered with velutinous hairs;
stem erect, 40—100 cm high, strongly branching with short branches; radical
leaves oblong, 3—15cm long, 1—2(4) cm wide, bipinnatisect, their short peti-
oles dilated to sheath; the lobules narrowly linear, 1—2 cm long. 0.5—1 mm
wide, very short-scabrous-hairy; cauline leaves appressed to stem, smaller
and less dissected, sessile on expanded sheaths. Umbels many, ca. 2cm
across, terminating stem and short branches, of 5—9 unequal sparsely pubes-
cent thickish faceted rays; involucre absent; leaflets of involucels ovate,
acuminate, connate for Pp of their length, sparsely covered with velutinous
hairs, their free parts broadly scarious, sometimes more or less violet;
petals white; fruit ovoid, glabrous (?), 2.5mm long, 1.5mm wide; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles much longer than stylopodium, curved outside
at middle. July—August.
Southern limestone slopes, limestone cliffs, marl pebbly slopes, shrubby
formations, juniper thickets (Juniperus excelsa). — European part:
Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. Endemic. Described from the Crimea. Type
in Leningrad.
371
516
37. S. rupicola Woron. in Tr. SPb. obsheh. estestvoisp, KxOay
(1905), 265 Grosse, 7H. Kayie” 1, iGo. Qk xs: EE cave. exes ss Nameiie
Perennial; rhizome obliquely ascending, ca. 10 mm thick; stem
50—80 cm high, its base covered with brown fibrous leaf remnants, densely
leafy, branching from middle, finely ribbed, glabrous below, covered with
short soft hairs above; lower leaves broadly triangular, their petiole
25 cm long, ca. 20cm wide, tripinnatisect into filiform, 2.5—5 cm long
lobules; upper leaves smaller, simple-pinnate. Terminal umbel 4—8 cm
across, of 20—35 densely hairy rays, lateral umbels longer than the ter-
minal, 3—4 em across, of 10—15 rays; involucre absent; umbellets 5—7 mm
across, many-flowered; leaflets of involucels numerous, narrowly triangular-
lanceolate, densely hairy, with scarious margins, thin-acuminate above,
longer than umbellet, connate for 1/,—1/, of their length; calyx-teeth con-
spicuous; petals whitish or whitish-greenish; young fruit ovoid, densely
hairy. July—August.
Limestone cliffs.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (Abkhazia). Endemic.
Described from Petskir ravine and Kodor River. Type in Leningrad.
38. 0. Kanatavicum Schischk; in Bot. mat. Gerb:) Bot inst yaiNies sau
XII (1950) 163.— Libanotis marginata Pavl. in Herb. Inst. Bot.
non Korov.
Perennial; root vertical, 7-8mm thick; stems few, 30—60 cm high,
erect, short-scabrous-hairy, with subhorizontally diverging short, slightly
leafy branches nearly from base or middle; radical leaves numerous,
short-haired, narrowly oblong, the petioles abruptly dilated to sheath,
7-15 cm long, ca. 1 cm wide, bipinnate with remote primary lobes and
lanceolate, 5—7 mm long, 0.5—2 mm wide, acute lobules with revolute
margins; cauline leaves smaller and less dissected. Umbels subglobular,
thick, 1—2 cm across, of 8—9 short thick unequal densely hairy rays;
involucre absent; umbellets many-flowered, with subsessile or short-
haired pediceled flowers; involucels of triangular-lanceolate, thinly acumi-
nate leaflets connate for half their length; fruit ovoid, 3.5 mm long, 1.5mm
wide, densely covered with short hairs, ribs slightly protruding; stylopodium
short-conical, with undulant margins; styles longer than stylopodium re-
flexed. July.
Pebbly and stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh.(W.). Endemic. Described
from Kara-Tau Range. Type in Leningrad.
Section 3. LOMATOPODIUM (Fisch. et Mey.) Schischk. comb. nov. —
Gen. Lomatopodium Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad.
Pétersb. III (1845) 305.— Leaflets of involucels connate to above middle,
fruit oblong, 5—7 mm long, 2mm wide, densely hairy.
39. S. cuneifolium M. B. Tableaux des provinces (1798) 58, nom. nud.;
Beschr. d. Lander zwischen den Flussen Terek u. Kura (1800) 159, descr.;
Fi, taur.-cauec. 1(1808) 2365 DC. Prodr. 1V, W45a;3/Ldb.) bi sRosspelite age
Boisis; bl jor. ll 9623) Grosses, Hisikawiks ll bo. or Salo teRiEnteaie
folius Spreng. Syst. 1 (1819) 900.
372
pl 7
918
Perennial; stems 50—90 cm high, strongly branching from base, very
short-scabrous at nodes and above with glaucescent leaves; radical leaves
glabrous, numerous, on 6—8 cm long petioles abruptly dilated to short
sheath scabrous-hairy outside, the leaves broadly ovate, bipinnatisect with
2, rarely 3 pairs of primary lobes, the lower pair on arcuate 8—12 cm long
petiolules with 1 pair of obcuneate, distally largely and unequally toothed
sessile leaflets, gradually tapering at base, upper leaflets trifid nearly to
middle, with large-toothed lobes, lower cauline leaves similar to the radical,
but with narrower ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate lobes; upper leaves
smaller, with simple-pinnate lobes. Umbels of 4—7 rays rather densely -
covered with short stiff hairs; involucre absent; umbellets of many short,
ca. 0.5—1 cm long densely pubescent leaflets connate to middle; petals
white, hairy outside; stylopodium obscurely conical; styles twice as long
as stylopodium, divergent; fruit (young) ovoid-oblong, densely covered with
rather long white hairs. July.
Dry southern mountain slopes, 1,000—1,200 m.— Caucasus: E. Transc.
Endemic. Described from Kurtbulak. Type in Leningrad.
40; §S; jomuticum Schischk. in Bot. )mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR,
TU (GI HO) Wess d
Perennial; stem and leaves glaucescent, stem 60—100 cm high, branch-
ing, very short-scabrous in lower part, glabrous above (sometimes with
exception of inflorescence) and at nodes; radical and lower cauline leaves
numerous, on very long petioles (10—22 cm) abruptly dilated to short (7 mm)
sheaths, with 10—18 nerves dorsally protruding like ribs and membranous
margins; blades simple or bipinnate, on lowermost leaves with primary
leaflets on more or less long petioles, their blade dissected into broadly
obcuneate lobes with unequal, broadly triangular, acute teeth, the upper
leaves with more or less reduced cylindrical-subulate spinose-tipped lobes.
Inflorescence strongly branching, often with opposite branches, terminating
in umbels of 2—3 unequal rays, glabrous or covered with stiff short hairs;
involucre absent; umbellets 5—7 mm across, with many subsessile flowers;
leaflets of involucels broadly triangular, acute, connate for more than half,
covered with very short stiff hairs; petals white, with sparse hairs outside;
fruit oblong, densely hairy, with 3 ribs strongly protruding dorsally, with
narrow whitish bilateral wings finely toothed, 7mm long, 2mm wide.
Fl. July—August, Fr. September. (Plate XXXII] Figure 1.)
Dry beds and banks of mountain rivers. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.
(Lesser Balkhan), Kara.-Kuk.(Krasnovodsk District). Endemic. Described
from near Akhcha-Kuima station. Type in Leningrad.
41. S. platyphyllum (Schrenk) O. et B. Fedtsch. in Perech. rast.
Turkest. III (1909) 94.- Lomatopodium platyphyllum Schrenk
in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb. III (1845) 306.
Perennial; root ca. 1—2 em across, erect or ascending; stem single,
70-100 cm high, branching from base, ca. 7-12 mm thick, very short-
scabrous-hairy below, glabrous in upper part; radical leaves numerous,
their petioles ca. 10 cm long, their blade 8—15 cm long, 7—12 cm wide,
braodly ovate, bipinnatisect; primary lobes on 1.5—5 cm long petiolules,
pinnatisect, usually with 2 pairs of ovate-cuneate, 4—5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm
373
aes
wide, unequally toothed or incised, glabrous lateral segments; cauline
leaves smaller and less dissected. Umbels 3—5 cm across, of 2—3(4)
nearly equal rays covered with stiff spreading hairs; involucel absent;
umbellets very dense, subglobular, 5-16 mm across; leaflets of involu-
cels densely hairy outside, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, connate for half;
petals white, densely hairy outside; ovary with thick spreading hairs;
styles longer than stylopodium, with capitate stigma; young fruit oblong,
densely hairy, 5mm long, 2mm wide. July. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 4.)
Sands and stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Khai-Tyn-Su, Hantau,
Balkhash, Ili River). Endemic. Described from Khantau Mountains.
Type in Leningrad.
42. S. eriocephalum (Pall.) Schischk. comb. nov.— S. lessingi-
anum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 429; Ldb. Fl. Ross.
II, 273; Voronov in Fl. Yugo-Vost. Evrop. ch. SSSR, V (1931) 800. —
Bubon eriocephalus Pall. ex Spreng. Syst. 1 (1825) 900. —
Lomatopodium lessingianum Fisch. et Mey. in Bull. phys.-
math. Acad. Pétersb. III (1845) 305.
Perennial; root vertical, ca. 8 mm across; stem erect, 40—80 cm
high, short-haired, sometimes subglabrous in middle part, branching, finely
ribbed; radical leaves numerous, the petioles 5—10 cm long, abruptly
tapering to short sheath; leaf blade braodly ovate or broadly triangular,
nearly tripinnatisect; primary lobes on 2—4 cm long petiolules; lobules
narrowly obcuneate or lanceolate or sublinear, with short mucro, 3—5 mm
long, 1—2 mm wide, often with revolute margins. Umbels 2—5 cm across,
usually of 5—15 unequal, spreading-hairy rays; involucre absent; umbellets
many-flowered, 8—9 mm across; flowers subsessile, crowded in sub-
globular head; involucels of many ovate-lanceolate connate leaflets densely
hairy outside; fruit oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, with 3 thick prominent
dorsal ribs and 2 broadened winglike lateral ribs. Fl. July, Fr. September.
(Plate XXXIV, Figure 3.)
Solonchaks, often wet, taluses, chee grass thickets, chalky hills. —
W. siberia: U. Tob. (SW); Centr. Asia: “Ar.-Casp.; Balkh?) "Kara ae asa.
(W.). Endemic. Described from Indersk Lake. Type in London.
Note. Intheir 'Enumeratio plantarum anno 1840 in regionibus
altaicis et confinibus collectarum" (1841) 61, Karelin and Kirillov mention
two unnamed varieties a. and$. Later Stscheglejew (in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mose. XXVII, 1 (1854) 167) separated variety 8B. as Lomatopodium
karelinianum Turcz. ex Stschegl. For want of material this species
could not be interpreted.
Section 4. MACROSTYLOPODIUM Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda
XV, 437.— Stylopodium pyramidal-conical, half the length of the fruit,
styles shorter than stylopodium, reflexed, ripe fruit subglabrous.
43. 9. Coronatum db. Srl” alt. W829) 336, ah Ross. Wie 2ioeemger
Fl. Zap.| Sib. VI, 2067.— S. connatum Walp. Rep. II (1843) 402,
erron, — le. dbs ch pine HieRoss- elle tailor laos
374
520
Perennial; root thick, multicipitate; stems few, 35—50cm high,
glaucescent, branching, glabrous, sometimes scabrous with faintly
visible hairs in upper part; radical leaves glaucous, glabrous, numerous,
their 5—7 cm long petioles dilated to sheath, their blade oblong, 7—20 cm
long, 2—7 cm wide, bipinnate, with 5—6 pairs of primary leaflets; secon-
dary lobes lanceolate or linear, acuminate, 5-15 mm long, 1—2mm wide,
entire or deeply trisect, rarely pinnatisect; cauline leaves 2—3, similar
to the radical but smaller and less dissected, uppermost often reduced to
sheath. Umbels 3—6 cm across, of 6—10 glabrous rays; involucre absent
or of 2 lanceolate thinly acuminate leaflets with scarious margins, short-
scabrous outside, early deciduous, several times shorter than umbel rays;
umbellets 4—6 mm across, 10—15-flowered, on short rays, as long as or
slightly longer than flowers; involucels of 8—9 lanceolate acuminate scab-
rous leaflets with scarious margins, recurved; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals whitish-greenish, subrounded, entire, curved inward; ovary and un-
ripe fruit glabrous or short-haired, ripe fruit glabrous, dorsally flattened,
broadly ovoid, 4—5mm long, 3mm wide; stylopodium conical, 1 mm long;
styles much shorter than stylopodium, reflexed; mericarps with 3 dorsal,
acute, prominent, ribs and 2 marginal winglike extensions, ca. 0.5mm wide.
June.
Stony slopes, shrubby formations, semideserts, sandy steppes. —
W.Siberia: Irt.(SE); Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Zaisan basin). Endemic.
Described from "'Dzungarian-Kirghiz'' desert. Type in Leningrad.
44. S. asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk. comb. nov.— S. coloratum
VAG pemulwunm @Tcautys in Mir Bote sadawel (18%), 32.
Perennial; root thick, multicipital, its neck densely covered with rem-
nants of petioles; stems few or single, 25—50 cm high, in lower half short-
scabrous-hairy; radical leaves glaucescent, with spreading scabrous hairs,
oblong, 8-12 cm long, 1.5—2 cm wide, their petioles slightly shorter than
blade, the blade bi- or nearly tripinnate; lower primary lobes on petiolules,
the others usually sessile; lobules 3-10 mm long, 0.5—1.5 mm wide, acute;
cauline leaves 3—5, smaller and less dissected; upper leaves with reduced
blade. Umbels 1.5—2.5 cm across, of (4)6—10-scabrous-hairy rays; in-
volucre absent; umbellets ca. 5mm across; involucels of 5—6 lanceolate-
linear acute leaflets with scarious scabrous margins; young fruit densely
hairy, ripe fruit subglabrous, with stylopodium 5—6 mm long, 3 mm wide,
with narrow rim; stylopodium ca. 1mm long; styles reflexed, shorter
than stylopodium. June—July. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 7.)
Cliffs and dry sandy steppes. — Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Dzungarian
Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Dzungaria. Type in Leningrad.
45. §. sessiliflorum Schrenk in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Pétersb.
III (1845) 307.
Perennial; root thick, multicipital; stems few, erect, 15—50 cm high,
glabrous, with few obliquely antrorse branches; radical leaves glabrous,
numerous, oblong with petioles 6-15 cm long, 1—3 cm wide, bipinnatisect
into linear-lanceolate or narrowly linear, acute, 2—12mm long, 1—2 mm
wide, usually entire, rarely few-toothed lobules, often with revolute margins;
cauline leaves few, smaller, sessile on short sheath. Umbels 1.5—2.5 cm
375
(521)
PLATE XXXII]. 1— Seseli jomuticum Schischk.; 2-—S.Valentinae M.Pop.; 3-— S. erio-
carpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch.
376
8)
across, usually of 3 (rarely 2 or 4—5) smooth rays, one of these very short,
thus umbellet appearing subsessile; involucre of 2—3 broadly lanceolate
leaflets with membranous margins, 1—2 mm long, sometimes absent;
flowering umbellets 4—7 mm across, with many subsessile flowers in a
almost capitate inflorescence; involucels of 5—10 lanceolate slightly hairy
acute leaflets becoming recurved, half the length of the flowers or shorter;
petals white or pale yellowish, sparsely pubescent outside; stylopodium
conical, nearly half the length of the fruit [sic]; ovary and fruit pubescent,
fruit ovoid, 3mm long (without stylopodium), 1.5 mm wide densely cov-
ered with white hairs. June—July. (Plate XXXII, Figure 2; Plate XXXIV,
Figure 1.)
Cliffs, stony deserts, sandy-pebbly slopes. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.,
Balkh., T.Sh. (foothills), Syr D. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash.? Described
from Kantau Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
Section 5. ERIOSCIAS Schischk. nom. nov. — Sect. Pimpinelloides
Rgl. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop. i etnogr., XXXIV, 2 (1882)
31, non Boiss. — Fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed, densely hairy; leaves
bipinnate, with broadly ovate leaflets.
46. S. macrophyllum Rgl. et Schmalh. in A.N,Fedchenko, Putesh. in
Turkest. 18(1881); Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop. i etnogr.,
XXXIV, 2 (1882) 31.— Athamanta macrophylla Korov. in Sched.
Ady Heron He AM) (926) No. 723108
Perennial; root 1.5—3 cm across; its neck densely covered with fibrous
leaf remnants; stems hollow, 0.5—1.5 mm high, 8 mm thick below, covered
with short rather thick scabrous hairs, hence grayish, with obliquely an-
trorse branches; radical leaves broadly ovate, short-scabrous-hairy, bi-
pinnatipartite, 40—60 cm long, 20—40 cm wide, on long petioles dilated to
sheath: primary lobes on long petiolules with 1—2 pairs of 4.5—-12 cm long,
3.5—-10 cm wide leaflets, truncate or obscurely cordate at base, petioluled
or sessile; upper leaflets usually larger, often with 3 distinct lobes. Um-
bels 5-10 cm across, of 13—23 unequal short-haired rays; involucels of
10—11 narrowly lanceolate acuminate recurved or spreading, 2-10 mm long,
densely pubescent leaflets; umbellets 5-6 mm across; the flowers on
short unequal hairy pedicels; leaflets of involucels narrowly lanceolate,
8—10, densely hairy, shorter than or as long as pedicels; petals white or
greenish-yellowish, densely hairy outside; fruit nearly tomentose, ovoid,
5—6 mm long, 2.5mm wide. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
(Plate XXXIV, Figure 6.)
Stony and shrubby slopes, fine earth slopes and taluses, to 2,500 m. —
Genie Asia, S\GeOea wl shee earng= wey eLnidemies Described from Shakhi-
mardan. Type in Leningrad.
Section 6. PSEUDOSILAUS Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XV, 438. —
Fruit oblong, glabrous, pedicels spreading in fruit, involucre and involucels
present.
377
525
47. S. foliosum (Somm. et Lev.) Manden. in Not. Syst. ac Geograph.
Inst. bot. Tbilisiens. 10 (1941) 76.— Silaus foliosus Somm. et Lev.
in Nuov. Giorn. botan. ital. (1895) 75 andin Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900)
190.— Silaum foliosum Grossh. in FI. Kavk. Ill (1932) 170. — Ic::
Manden.) Enea peniie (Le4 lr irutt:
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root fusiform, its neck densely cov-
ered with fibrous leaf remnants; stems cylindrical, finely furrowed,
30—75cm high, 4—6 mm thick, branching nearly from base, with obliquely
antrorse or spreading branches, usually overtopping central umbel; radical
and lower cauline leaves ovate, their long petioles abruptly dilated to short
sheath; blade 8—10cm long, 3—6 cm wide, bi- tripinnatisect, the lower of
the 4—5 pairs of primary lobes petioluled, lobules linear, mucronate,
0.7—2 cm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper cauline leaves smaller, less dissected,
sessile on short sheath; uppermost leaves with obsolete 3-partite or
simple-pinnate blade. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 3—10 thinly scabrous
or subglabrous rays; leaflets of involucels 5—8, linear or narrowly lance-
olate, reflexed, much shorter than rays; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals
yellow, elongate-ovate, hardly notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium
conical, with undulant frill; styles erect or divergent, becoming reflexed,
shorter than stylopodium, very short; fruit glabrous, oblong, 3mm long,
ca. 1mm wide, with filiform ribs; canals 1 per vallecula, 2 toward com-
missure; fruiting pedicels 16 times as long as fruit, divergent. June—July.
(Plate XXIV, Figure 2.)
Stony mountain slopes. — Caucasus: W.Transc. Endemic. Described
from Adzharia, between Adzharis-Tskhali and Keda. Type in Venice.
Genus 1025. SPHENOCARPUS* Korov.
Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zoolog. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 22
Flowers bisexual; calyx with well developed, lanceolate, membranous
teeth hardening along midrib; petals white, with narrow inward curved limb; |
stylopodium pulviniform, contracted at base; styles long, stigma capitate. |
Fruit compressed laterally, tapering to short hollow pedicel; mericarps
subcylindrical, with broad commissure, their ribs filiform, inflated, with |
a bundle of sclerenchyma; resinous canals, single, broad, close to endo- |
carp, 2 toward commissure; seeds flat toward commissure; carpophore
adnate to mericarp; pericarp thin; endocarp of large oil-containing cells,
mesocarp parenchymatous, after abscission of fruit there remain on the
pedicel numerous short protuberances which encircle the hollow lower part
of the fruit. Perennial herbs, with pinnatisect leaves.
Monotypic genus, known from the eastern part of Fergana.
1. Ss eryngioides Korov., Ibid. 23:
Perennial; taproot(?) vertical, its neck not branching, covered with rem-
nants of petioles; stem single, ca. 75cm high, cylindrical, finely furrowed,
branching from middle; leaves thickish, coriaceous when dry, glabrous,
shiny; radical and lower cauline leaves on short, flattened, furrowed peti-
oles with acute margins, their blade oblong-oval, of 2—3 removed pairs of
* From the Greek sphen — wedge, carpon — fruit.
378
sessile, oval-rhombic sections, pinnatipartite into lanceolate, entire or
2—3-fid or dentate, ca. 3cm long lobules; median and upper cauline leaves
sessile on short, lanceolate, stiff, semi-amplexicaul sheaths; primary
lobes cut into 3 lanceolate lobules. Umbels many-rayed (30—45), thick,
semiglobose, the rays thickish, furrowed, unequal, 1—3cm long; involucre
of 10—12 narrow lanceolate-linear stiff acute leaflets half the length of the
rays; umbellets dense, semiglobose, 35—45-flowered, with involucels of
13—15 narrow lanceolate acute leaflets with ciliate margin, connate at base,
as long as umbellets; flowers sessile; calyx with large membranous acute
hardening teeth, as long as petals; petals 1 mm long; stylopodium pulvinate;
styles thick spreading, 2.2-3mm long; fruit compressed laterally, oblong,
slightly attenuate at base, short-haired, 3—5mm long, with sharply protru-
ding filiform ribs; resinous canals broad, single between ribs, 2 toward
commissure. August-September. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 8.)
Ravines, banks of streams. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (E.). Endemic.
Described from the Itokar River ravine. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 1026. QENANTHE* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 254.—PhellandriumL. Sp. pl. (1753) 255.— Actinanthus Ehrenb. in Linnaea,
IV (1829) 398.— Dasyloma DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 140.—Cyssopetalum Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXII, II (1849) 25.— Oenosciadium Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 141.— Globocarpua Car. in
Parl. Fl. Ital. VIII (1889) 239.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, enlarging, and persistent in fruit; petals white or
reddish, obovate, more or less deeply notched or deeply notched or with 2
deep slits, with inward curved lobe. Peripheral flowers of umbels often
staminate, with more or less elongate peripheral petals, the lateral ones
with unequal lobes; stylopodium conical; styles elongate, erect or spreading;
fruit ovoid-oblong or subglobular, dorsally or laterally slightly compressed,
its pericarp usually with thick, corky-spongy aerenchyma, thus fruit readily
floating on water; dorsal ribs wide, low, obtuse, sometimes approximate,
marginal ribs larger; vascular bundles accompanied by a plate of stereomes,
penetrating rather deeply into pericarp. Perennial herbs, of river banks
and shores of water bodies, with bi- or tripinnate leaves, often with tuberi-
form thickenings of roots.
29 Up to 35 species distributed all over the globe, but mainly in Europe, Asia,
| and Africa; 11 species are known from the USSR.
Economic importance. Oenanthe is regarded as poisonous. Its toxic
effect is attributed to the tarry substance enanthotoxin contained especially
in the roots. Poisoning of domestic animals is mostly due to feeding on
plants left in ditches after clearing.
Note. Most of the relevant material was extremely inadequate. Further
collections of entire plants — flowers, fruits and root system — are needed to
arrive at a precise determination of the species.
* From the Greek oinanthe (oinos — wine, anthos — flower) — Theophrastus’ name for an umbellifer
with flowers smelling like wine. Pliny claims that the flowers smell like those of the grapevine.
379
PLATE XXXIV. Cross sections of mericarps (scheme). 1— Seseli sessiliflorum Schrenk.;
2— 8S. foliosum (Somm. et Lev.) Mand.; 3— S.eriocephalum (Pall.) Schischk.; 4-— S. platy-
phyllum (Schrenk) O. et B. Fedtsch.; 5— S.abolinii (Korov.) Schischk.; 6— S.macrophyllum
Rgl. et Schm.; 7—S.asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk.; 8— Sphenocarpus eryngioides Korov;
9—Schultzia albiflora (Kar. et Kir.) M. Pop.; 10 — S.crinita (Pall.) Spreng.; 11—Cnidium
cnidiifolium (Turcz.) Schischk.; 12— C. ajanense (Rgl. et Til.) Drude.; 13 — C. multicaule
(Turez.) Ldb.; 14—Selinum carvifolia L.; 15 — Scaligeria kopetdaghensis (Korov) Schischk.;
16—Ligusticum mongholicum (Turcz.) Kryl.; 17—L. physospermifolium Alb.; 18 —Pachy-
pleurum mucronatum (Schrenk.) Schischk.; 19 — P. gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk.
380
30
1. All flowers bisexual, fertile, nearly as long as pedicels; plants
FT LEC CIUNC EC MGTIO TINem Ie CLT Wein s. Roecmc vendre neite ce itenarcer=tser (ote fouge! von) 2s 2.
+ Peripheral flowers of umbels staminate, on longer pedicels than
the inner flowers; plants with bundle of roots without rhizome.... 3.
2. Styles 2.5mm long in fruit, umbel rays 2—5cm long (Far East)...
10. O. decumbens (Thunb. ) K.-Pol.
team te meevaretiayinelr te: eeve) sel tens 7e:> (oh! Teena (en en eee a
+ Styles ca. 1mm long in fruit, umbel rays 1—2cm long .......-.--
TREES GENGIRS BO TERETE BRERA 11. O. aquatica (L.) Poir .
3 Stems with crown of thin roots at lower nodes, producing leafy
creeping radicant shoots; submerged leaves with narrowly linear,
subfiliform lobules; main umbel of 2—4 thickish hollow rays (axillary
umbels of 6—10 thin rays); fruit pyriform or subcylindrical; styles
OWSISU CM, SIM MOSS S62 Sich ods Sone dace Ss fal 2. O. fistulosa L.
+ Gina clercsmchinermeits. cmbnahinsece- Meneerameni-cmning.cettece erat ecco en 4,
4, Large plants, 60—100cm high; stems hollow; leaves many times
pinnatisect; leaf lobules oblong-linear, 7—10mm long, 1—2 mm wide;
leaflets of involucels narrowly linear, as long as umbellets (S. Trans-
SBITISAISTE)) 2 5) he oO ANP alice eho Sour Oece Car Ceo Ny 9, O. sophiae Schischk.
+r Plants usually not as large, 20—60cm high; leaves bi- or tripinnate,
their lobes wider in lower leaves; leaflets of involucels lanceolate,
Bhonter thanbuna belie tie Wey ten. lcleieeeetsi flatten cn nteyn ct Nelsen it co De
5. Root filiform, with terminal spherical or ovoid thickening (Black
Sea coast in the Crimea and Caucasus)...... 1. O. pimpinelloides L.
+ Root cord-like, oblong or clavately tie kKeNe ds Wy TEN Ie a eet tae Bas 6.
6. Styles thin, more or less TOWN OO 35. oh 62Gb dom 8. O. banatica Heuff.
F Siglevsitlnic bal slapyerse Cli. waney eat eemn oo) ere cn Ne Nos Ns U5
7. Involucre of 3—5 leaflets always present .. 7. O. abchasica Schischk.
+ TRAN IGIRG). ORSON oto ta ayo ou 20, S06 bee Aeris SOs oA NE aici ia i aia 8.
8. Fruit with unequal dorsal ribs, one mericarp with only 2 lateral
ribs, the other with 1 markedly protruding median rib........-
pee Mas ed ATI LD si GRAND MERE MS RDID. ie ates Fe Rottog olive Nat Noes 4, O. heterococca Korov.
Pail tere vane SiKe Gi Clien aya AAS HU areee< 1 Phelan —
drium fistulosum Clairyv. Man. d'herborisation(1819) 86.— Phellan-
drion dodonaei Bubani, Fl. Pyren. II (1900) 368.— Selinum fistu-
losum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl, ed. 2, XII (1904) 96.—
Ic.: Kozo-Pol., Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada. 34 (1914) Table and page 14, Fig. 1.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, pale green; rhizome with fibrous or
filiform or thickened roots: stem erect or ascending, 30—100cm high,
cylindrical, thinly furrowed, hollow, at lower nodes with crown of thin roots
producing creeping leafy radicant shoots from base; and with obliquely
antrorse branches above: lower cauline leaves long-petioled, tripinnatisect
into oblong, obtuse, short-mucronate, lobules on lower leaves; lobules of
submerged leaves narrowly linear, subfiliform; upper cauline leaves bi-
or nearly simple-pinnate, with blade slightly shorter than the (often slightly
inflated) hollow petiole and short sheath hardly wider than petiole, with
narrow scarious margin; lobules subrounded, turbinate, oblong or sublinear,
acute or obtuse. Umbels on thick hollow peduncles, of 2—4 1-2cm long
thickish hollow rays, umbellets with predominantly bisexual fertile flowers,
subsequent axillary umbels appear terminal because of the strongly developec
pedunele, of 6—10 thin rays, mostly with staminate flowers; involucre ab-
sent or of 1—2 early deciduous leaflets: leaflets of involucels many,
382
033
lanceolate, with narrow scarious margins; calyx-teeth elongate-subulate,
exceeding 1mm long; petals white or reddish, the peripheral elongating,
to 4mm long, obcordate, gradually cuneate at base, with very narrow notch
"3 to 1, of their length, broad, slightly overlapping rounded lobes, andinward
curved elongate, filiform-subulate terminal lobe; umbellets dense in
fruit, subglobular; fruit very short-pediceled, pyriform or subcylindrical,
3—4mm long, the main and secondary ribs thick, nearly equal; stylopodium
short; styles persistent, long and spinose. July.
Ditches and banks of streams. — European part: M.D.; Caucasus: plgcills
Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Iran. Described from Europe.
Type in London.
3. O. silaifolia M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 232; Ldb. Fl. Ross. IL,
269: Boiss. Fl. or. II, 957; Shmal'g., pl eS Gs GaGOSIS on, IIL: iene, UL.
1694) Olesebiebiersteiniis @. vulgaris Simon in Rev. bot. syst. et
geogr. bot. I (1903) 93.— Oe. brevisecta Simon, l.c. (1903) 96, quoad
plant. Cauc. septentr. — ic. c aucasH ca) Simons, diery (1903) M01 is, Oe.
grandisecta Simon, 1. c. (1903) 98, quoad pl. Bessarab.— Oes eciadiata
Sakalo in Ucheni Zap. Khar'k. Derzh. univ. 22 (1941) 190.— Ic.: Kozo-Pol.
in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, 34 (1914) Table to page 14, Figure 4,
Perennial; root in bundles with oblong or clavate thickenings; stem ribbed,
25—50cm high; radical leaves early withering, oblong-ovate bi- or tripinna-
tisect, their petioles longer or shorter than blade, gradually passing to
cylindrical, hardly dilated sheath; lobules lanceolate or linear-oblong,
4—15mm long, 0.5-3mm wide; cauline leaves similar to the radical; the
upper smaller. Umbels 4—5cm across, the 3—10 ribbed, obscurely sca-
brous rays slightly thickened in fruit: involucre absent or of 1—3 linear
leaflets: umbellets ca. 0.8mm across; involucels of 7—11 ovate-lanceolate
leaflets, much shorter than outer umbel rays; petals white, the peripheral
ovate, tapering to claw, dissected nearly for half their length, peripheral
petals elongating (2—3mm); umbel slightly compre ssed in fruit; fruit
prismatic, truncate above and below, 2—2—5 mm long, 1—1.4mm wide;
primary ribs thickish, with indistinct annular thickening; pedicels thickened,
shorter than fruit; styles erect, 2—2.09mm long. May-June.
Banks of streams and ditches. — European jens IBSS.. Wis IDhaliso. Bl.
Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., E. and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Med., Bal. ?
Iran. Described from the southern coast of the Crimea (Nikita). Type in
Leningrad.
Note. InM. Bieberstein's herbarium at the V. L. Komarov Botanical
Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, there are two specimens,
one with young flowers collected by Steven near the village of Nikita, the
other with young fruits. Although in his diagnosis Bieberstein writes
"Corollis aequalibus'' the peripheral petals are elongated to 2.5—3mm.
Separating O. caucasica from Talysh, Simon (1. c.) states that the only
difference from O. silaifolia is the absence of thickened roots (yet in
the Note to this species he refers to the presence of a thickened root in
one specimen). The numerous specimens from Lenkoran (Talysh) nearly
all have thickened roots, like the type of @ gsm ans opltigay:
383
034
4. O. heterococea Korov. in Botan. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool.
AN UZSSR, XII (1948) 13.
Perennial; root a bundle of cylindrical and filiform fibers thickened
downwards; stem hollow, cylindrical, furrowed, ca. 50cm high, with
elongate spreading branches nearly from base: lower leaves petiolate,
their blade triangular, tripinnatisect into linear, entire or incised, acute,
7—8 mm long lobules; median and upper leaves sessile on narrow sheath;
lobules of uppermost leaves shorter. Umbels of 10 ca. 3 cm long, fur-
rowed, later thickened rays on long, nearly ribbed peduncles; involucre
absent or 1-leaved; umbellets dense, semiglobular; leaflets of involucels
6—8, lanceolate, acuminate; peripheral flowers of umbels staminate,
pediceled, the inner pistillate, sessile or on short pedicels thickening in
fruit; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate; stylopodium flat; styles erect,
2mm long, shorter than fruit; fruit turbinate, 3mm long, its ribs thick-
ened distally, dorsal ribs asymmetrical — one mericarp bearing 2 lateral,
the other only 1 median strongly protruding rib; canals narrow, a conti-
nuous layer of stereomes in the pericarp is interrupted only near carpo-
phogces- eumliye
Marshes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shakhrisyabz). Endemic. Described:
from Shakhrisyabz. Type in Tashkent.
5. O. fedtschenkoana K.-Pol. in Izv. Bot. Sada, XVI (1916) 226 and
Fl. Az. Rossii, 15 (1920) 11.— Ie.: Kozo-Pol., Fl. Az. Ross. Figure 1,
bi Greta Peeaeaoilen 2):
Perennial; entire plant glabrous: roots in bundles fusiformly thickened:
stems single, cylindrical, 50 cm high, strongly furrowed-faceted, slightly
oranching; leaves bipinnatisect, shorter than internodes, triangular-ovate,
their short petioles dilated to narrow sheath, lobules sessile, oblong-linear, |
tapering at both ends, acute, entire, 4cm long, 4mm wide. Umbels axillary
or opposite leaves, peduncles 2—3 times as long as subtending leaves; rays
8—14, glabrous, nearly equal; involucre absent or of 1—3 deciduous leaflets; |
umbellets many-flowered: involucels of 5—10 lanceolate leaflets, nearly as |
long as umbellets; fruit ovoid, ca. 2mm long, with discrete bundles of fibers
under ribs; canals 1 per vallecula (2 dorsal ones), ribs with aerenchymous,
albumen subcircular in cross section. June. |
Shores of inland water bodies. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic.
Described from Kokand. Type in Moscow.
|
|
6. O. longifoliolata Schischk. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst.
AN SSSR, XIII (1950) 164.— Oe. lachenalii auct. fl. cauc. non Gmel.
Perennial, pale green plant; root fusiform; stems single, erect, 65—80 cm)
high, furrowed, branching from middle; lower leaves oblong, long-petioled,
bipinnatisect into linear or lanceolate-linear, 2—5 cm long, 2—5mm wide, |
entire lobules, upper leaves simple-pinnate, with linear lobes. Umbels
3) Cha) across hot 10 unequal, thin, smooth, slightly winged rays; in- |
volucre absent or of 1—3 deciduous leaflets; involucels of 7—12 linear- |
lanceolate leaflets shorter than umbel rays; peripheral flowers in umbel |
sterile, calyx-teeth lanceolate-triangular, reflexed in fruit, in sterile flowers |
the 2 outer teeth elongating to 1 mm, petals white, bissected, with acute |
inward curved tip; in sterile flowers outer petals oblong-obcordate, elon-
gated, ca. 3mm long; fruiting pedicels thick, short; fruit oblong-obconical,
384 |
2-3 mm long, laterally compressed, ribs thick-filiform, stylopodium
short-conical; styles erect, 2mm long. May—June.
Damp meadows, shores of inland bodies of water. — Caucasus: Tal.
Endemic. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad.
7. ©. abchasica Schischk. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. inst.
AINTSSSR Olt (950) 64:
Perennial: entire plant glabrous; roots gathered in bundles, cordlike
to thickened; stems single, 40—70 cm high, furrowed-faceted, more or
less branching; leaves ovate, bipinnatisect, usually shorter than inter-
535 nodes, their petioles shorter than blade, gradually dilated to narrow sheath;
lobules narrowly lanceolate or sublinear, acute, 0.5—2.5cm long, 0.5—2mm
wide, tapering at both ends, upper leaves simple-pinnate. Umbels termi-
nating stem and branches and opposite, in axils of leaves on long peduncles,
2.5-3.5 cm across; rays 10—17, glabrous, nearly equal; involucre of 3—7
unequal linear acuminate leaflets; umbellets many-flowered; involucels of
7 linear acuminate leaflets as long as umbel rays; peripheral flowers of
umbel sterile; petals white, the peripheral elongating to 2.5 mm, more or
less deeply notched; fruit ovoid, 3mm long, 1 .5mm wide, on short, hardly
thickened pedicels; stylopodium short-conical; styles straight, somewhat
divergent, 1.5—2 mm long. June—July.
Shores of lakes and edges of swamps. — Caucasus: W.Transc. (Abkhazia,
Sochi). Endemic. Described from Lake Skurcha (Abkhazia). Type in
Leningrad.
8. ©. banatica Heuff. in Flora, XXXVII (1854) 291.— Exs.: Fl. exs.
austro-hung. No. 620; Fl. exs. Reip. Bohem.-Slov. No. 1083.
Perennial; roots in a bundle of 5—6, fusiform, gradually thickened at
base and apex, mixed with few filiform roots; stem 60—90 cm high, erect,
strongly faceted-ribbed, hollow, branching in upper half; leaves bi- or
nearly tripinnate, the lower early withering, triangular-ovate, long-petioled,
the median 8—12 cm long, 5—6 cm wide below on petioles shorter than blade,
gradually dilated to amplexicaul sheath; primary and secondary lobes
petioluled, lobules oblong-linear or ovate-lanceolate, 4-lomm long,
(0.5)1—2(3) mm wide, acute; upper leaves smaller, simple-pinnate, sessile
on expanded sheath. Umbels 5—6 cm across, of 5—13 smooth rays, some-
times scabrous above; involucre of 1—3 early deciduous leaflets; umbellets
many-flowered, 10—14 mm across; involucels of 7—9 unequal lanceolate
leaflets (one usually larger than the rest), much shorter than pedicels of
outer flowers; calyx-teeth unequal, peripheral flowers in umbel long-
pediceled, usually sterile, their elongated petals obcordate, ca. 3mm long,
abruptly tapering to rather long claw, notched for '/, of their length; fruit
3—3.5 mm long, with protruding ribs, wider than valleculae. June—July.
Damp meadows. — European part: U. Dns. (reported for environs of
536 Lvov and Transcarpathians). Gen. distr.: Balkans. Described from
Banat. Type in Budapest (?).
9. ©. sophiae Schischk. nom. nov.— Oe. ferulacea Kotschy et
Boiss. in Boiss. Fl. orient. II (1872) 958, non Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap.
(1794) 50.— Oe. armena (C. Koch) Lipsky in Herb. Leninopol. —
385
537
Ferula armena C. Koch in Linnaea,; XV1(1842) 358, non DC: (1830);—
Pycnosciadium™=armenuwm Crikochmin sictedis:
Perennial; roots in bundles, thickened, cylindrical, attenuate at base;
stems cylindrical, hollow, 60—100 cm high, thinly ribbed longitudinally,
slightly branching above, glabrous; radical leaves with petioles longer
than blade, abruptly dilated to amplexicaul sheath, their blade oblong,
10—25 cm long, 5—7 cm wide, 3—4-pinnatisect into oblong-linear, 7-10 mm
long, 1—2mm wide lobules, median cauline leaves similar, the upper
smaller, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels ca. 7cm across, of 10—14
smooth ribbed unequal rays; involucre absent or 1-leaved; umbellets
many-flowered, 1.2cm across; involucels of 9-17 lanceolate acute leaflets
often connate at base, nearly as long as umbel rays; fruit cylindrical-
prismatic, 4—5mm long, their thickened pedicels shorter than fruit; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles erect or slightly divergent, 3.5—5mm long.
June—July.
Herbaceous slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd.
Described from Darachichag. Type in Leningrad.
Section 2. DASYLOMA (DC.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. I (1862—1867)
906.— Genus Dasyloma DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 140.— Genus Cyssope-
talum Turez. in Bull. XXII, II (1849) 25.— Subgenus Dasyloma Drude
in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 204.— All flowers bisexual, nearly as
long as pedicels, calyx-teeth deciduous, (not elongating in fruit), fruit ob-
scurely ribbed.
10. ©. decumbens (Thunb.) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. ni‘s:
XXIX (1915) 130; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 7.— Oe. stolo-
Det era De Prodr Vi Cis3 0)P ls; komk,) Elke Wan chahee Lema ame
Oey javanica DC..11) .e. (1830)7139:—" Oey la cintata, Zollingstsy stem
Verz. (1854-1855) 130.— Oe. japonica Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III,
8 (1898) 204.— Oe. subpinnata Drude, 1. c. (1898).— Sium decum-
bens Thunb. Fl. japon. (1784) 118.— S. javanicum Blume, Bijdr. FI.
Ned. Ind. XV (1826) 881.— Phellandrium stoloniferum Roxb. Hort.
Beng (1814) 021; nom. nudeyy Fl.) Ind! 1D(1832)'932— Dials ylom a danas
folium Lindl. in Royle, [llustr. (1839) 232.— D. javanicum Mig. Fl.
Ind. Batav. I (1855) 41.— D. subpinnatum Mig. Prolus. Fl. japon.
(1865-1867) 247.— D. japonicum Mig. Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Batav. III
(1867) 59.— D. stoloniferum var. japonica Maxim. ex Franch.
et Sav. Enum. pl. japon. 1(1875) 185.— Cyssopetalum javanicum
Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXII (1849) 25.— Ic.: Kozo-Pol., Fl. Az.
Ross. XV, tabl. 1.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; rhizome short, creeping; stems
30—50 cm high, ca. 5mm across, decumbent, radicant below, producing
creeping shoots, erect, branching above, hollow, ribbed; leaves triangular,
their long petioles dilated to sheath, bipinnatisect into 2—4.5 cm long,
0.7—2 cm wide lanceolate oblong or ovate, short-petioled or sessile,
cuneate, acuminate, unequally toothed, rarely lobed lobules. Umbels
usually opposite leaves, ca. 5mmacross, of 5—15 rays; involucre absent
or of 1—3 small deciduous leaflets; umbellets ca. 0.5 cm across; involu-
cels of 5—10 linear-subulate leaflets as long as umbellets; petals white;
386
fruit ellipsoid, 2.5—3.5 mm long, obtusely ribbed; stylopodium short-
conical; styles divergent, 2.5 mm long. End July, August.
Lakes, ditches, small streams, rice fields. — Far East: Uss., Sakh.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch., East Indies, Java, Australia (introduced).
Described from Japan. Type in Uppsala.
Section 3. PHELLANDRIUM (L.) C. Koch, Synops. Fl. Germ. (1837)
392. = Genus) Phellandrium® L. Sp. pl7(1753) 254.— Group Phellan-
drium Neilr. Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. (1859) 618.— Rhizome creeping, flowers
of umbellets equal, fertile on nearly equal pedicels, fruit readily deciduous.
id. ©. aquatica (L.) Poir. in Lam. Encyel. IV (1796) 530; Shmal'g.,
Hl Lis97: ikozo=Polsin!El. Az) Ross; XV, page 9; Grossg.," Pl. Kavk.
Pio CAN kKrrovdewnLarZap. Sibley DM) 20 26e = Piherl Marnaidiei unas faq) Uta tat
Coimmiaen Spy spleen Gus3 a 254: Rupr inser 44 — Pihevdivard ca tum
Gilib. Fl. lithuan. II (1782) 33.— Oenanthe phellandrium Lam. Fl.
Hancamilin (ine) 43 2eeodbs Hey Ross. -ILs 269) sli gust i eum | ipled'=
landrium Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 1, fasc. II] (1767) 84.— Stephano-
rossia palustris Chiovendain Journ. Bot. Ital. LX (1911) 65, cfr.
in Journ. of Bot. LXXI (1933) 134.— Selinum phellandrium E.H.L.
Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 93.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost.
Veena 2oemikozo_/ ol eine Ii Bote Sadalmo4.9n 45) tage (25 Fl., Az. Ross.
1 Seale — ee Mxtceee. Ee HeNon 6 ob Ls polon.texs.6 No. 63ia.
Perennial: rhizome reduced, vertical, with filiform roots; stem single,
40—150 cm high, furrowed, more or less thickened at base (3—8 mm across),
hollow, strongly branching, branches spreading, like leaves glabrous; leaves
538 bi- or nearly tripinnate, 5—15cm long and nearly as wide, with geniculately-
reflexed nearly triangular blade; in submerged leaves lobes cut into
filiform-elongate lobules; lower aerial leaves long-petioled, the rest short-
petioled, with geniculately-reflexed triangular, bi- or nearly tripinnati-
partite blade, its lobes opposite, short-petioled; lobes of the last order
oblong or linear, acuminate, entire or slightly dentate, 2-8 mm long. Umbels
short-peduncled, opposite leaves or axillary; involucre absent or of 1—3
small deciduous leaflets; 8-15 rays 2—2.5 cm long; involucels of 5—10
linear-lanceolate leaflets nearly as long as pedicels; flowers many, as long
as pedicels; calyx-teeth unequal, linear, thinly acuminate, the longest up to
1 mm; petals white, obcordate, the peripheral slightly elongated (to 1.5mm);
fruit oblong, 2.5—4 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, slightly longer than pedicels;
stylopodium conical; styles thin in fruit, ca. 1mm long, divergentor recurved.
Swamps, banks of rivers, oxbow lakes, lakes and streams, mainly in
plains, not on high mountains. — European part: ubiquitous; Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag.; W.Siberia: everywhere; E. Siberia: Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-
Casp., Balkh.(W.). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. and Atl. Eur., Bal.
Described from Europe. Type in London.
387
Genus 1027. AETHUSA* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 256
Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, rarely
reddish, deeply notched, with inward curved lobe, elongated in peripheral
flowers; fruit broadly ovoid or ovoid-globular, ribs keeled, subcircular
in cross section; oil tubes faintly visible, 1 per vallecula, 2 toward com-
missure; albumen flat or slightly notched toward commissure. Annual
herbs, without involucre or with involucels with 3 oblong-linear acuminate
secund leaflets. (Easily distinguished from other Umbelliferae by their
involucel.)
Monotypic genus widespread in Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus.
939 1 AS cynapium I: Spe, plo (1753), 256: ILdbs FI. Ross.nll, e270.
Boiss. Bl or pile (616) shmallio secu. eA Oie=- Ajvew (Crile unva Necker,
Delic. Gallo-Belg. (1768) 145.— Ae. toxicaria Salisb. Prodr. (1796)
166.— Ae. cynapioides M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. 1 (1 808),227: (i, 92335
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 270.— Ae. elata Fridl. ex Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk.
(1812) 45, nom. nud.; Hoffm. Umbell. (1814) 98: Ldb;) Bile" Ross: pila 20, —
Ae uifoliua Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit: Pl..11\(182i) 513. Ae ae ymaee
Dulac, Fl. Haut.-Pyr. (1867) 353.— Coriandrum Cynapium Crantz,
Stirp. austg.jed.1, fase, 1 (17467), 92.—. CieutajiC ynapueum Targ. Inst.
botan. ed. 2 (1802) 227.— Cynapium Rivini Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860)
442.— Selinum cynapium E.H.L. Krause in Sturm. Fl. Deutschl.
ed. 2, X1I (1904) 110. — Ie:: Ssyreishch., Illyustr. Fl. Mosk. gub. II, 406
(1907). — Exs.: G.R.F. No.1520: Pl. Finnl. exs. Nos. 303, 834; Fl. polon.
execs Noss00.) Herb. sila ingrss Now26 2)
Biennials or annuals; root thin, fusiform; stems usually single, 30—100cm
high, faintly ribbed, hollow, branching, like leaves glabrous; leaves bi- or
tripinnate, dark green, very shiny beneath when fresh; leaflets triangular
or ovate, deeply cut or parted; lower leaves on petioles, the upper sessile
on dilated sheath. Umbels opposite leaves, long-peduncled: rays 12—18,
unequal, scabrous above; involucre absent or of 1—2 leaflets; involucels
asymmetrical, of 3 recurved leaflets with scarious base and margins,
nearly twice as long (var. gigantea Lej.) or as long as pedicels (var.
cynapoides (M.B.) Ficinus et Heynh.); petals white or slightly reddish,
obcordate, cuneate at base, elongating in peripheral flowers; stylopodium
flat-inflated; fruit 2—3 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide, with arcuate canals
toward commissure. June—October.
Weeds, kitchen gardens, gardens, shrubs, felled areas, floodplain forests. —
European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm., Balt., U. Dnps aleve.
Ve- Don. V-—icama. M.D: UaDnsi, obese Bil. .elke Donel Wie ee Cicsitane
Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Centr. aes
Scand., Atl.Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., N. Am. (introduced).
Described from Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. Essential oil obtained by distillation of the
fresh herbs (0.015%) is of no practical significance. In addition there is
a negligible amount of an alkaloid close to coniine (0.00023%). Opinions
* From the Greek aetousa — shiny (from aito — to glitter), referring to the shiny leaves; or from the
Greek aetein — burn, referring to its burning taste.
60115 1 388
differ on the toxicity of the plant. Some regard it as poisonous and dan-
gerous when eaten as a weed (it is sometimes erroneously gathered with
540 parsley), others consider it harmless. There have been very few cases of
poisoning of cattle, who usually avoid the plant because of its disagreeable
odor.
Genus 1028. SCHULTZIA* Spreng.
Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1818) 30 et in Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) p. XLIV
Calyx teeth inconspicuous; petals white, fruit oblong, compressed
laterally, with narrow somewhat protruding ribs and wide valleculae, 3—4
canals under valleculae, 6—8 toward commissure. Style entire. Perennial
mountain herbs, with tripinnate leaves; involucre of many pinnatisect leaf-
lets nearly equal to umbel rays. Genus composed of 2 species occurring
in eastern mountain ranges of Central Asia, Altai, Sayans and Transbaikalia
mountains.
1. Styles erect, ca. 2mm long, the whole plant always with developed
erect stem (Altai and Sayans)......... Leese crinitaGialin) prec.
+ Styles divergent, recurved after flowering, ca. 1mm long; usually
acaulescent plant, rarely with developed stem (Centrale Asia) nie
fg Sek oie a aed ooo Ye ta DES allbitlora(i Ch. albitto num
Var. subacaulis etvar. caulescens Trautv. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXXIX, 2 (1866) 317.— Schultzia ,crinita,auet. plur.. Fl. pAs tamed
non Spreng.— Exs.: G.F.S.A. No. 241.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical, to 1cm long, multicipital;
stems many, 1—20(30)cm high, creeping or ascending, plant often acau-
lescent, if so then numerous umbellets borne on long stalks produced from
base of stem (var. subacaulis (Trautv.) Schischk.), often stem erect, |
simple or branching in lower part (var. caulescens (Trautv.) Schischk.); |
leaves oblong, their petioles gradually tapering to sheaths with broadly |
scarious margins, 3—10cm long, 0.5—2cm wide, tripinnate; terminal lobules
lanceolate-linear or linear, acute, 2-4mm long, 0.3—0.8mm wide. Umbels
3—7cm across, of 15—30 glabrous ribbed rays; leaflets of involucre nume-
rous, bipinnatisect, similar to leaves, nearly as long as umbel rays, slight-
ly broadening at base; umbellets many-flowered, 1—1.5cm across; leaflets
of involucels similar to those of involucre but smaller, as long as umbel
rays; fruit oblong-ovoid, ca. 3mm long, 1mm wide; stylopodium conical;
styles reflexed at flowering, ca. 1mm long. July—August. (Plate XXXIV,
Figure 9.)
Alpine meadows, stony taluses, meadows near upper timberline,
moraines, thawing snows, high mountain swampy meadows. — Centr. Asia:
Dzu-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (Alai). Gen. distr.: mountains of Chinese
Dzungaria. Described from Dzungaria-Ala-Tau, Sarkan River. Type in
Moscow, cotype in Leningrad,
Genus 1029. FOENICULUM* Mill.
Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. IV (1754). — Ozodia Wight et Am. Prodr. (1834) 375.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, broadly ovate, broadly notched
with inward curved lobe; stylopodium short-conical; fruit ovoid-oblong,
circular in cross section; mericarps with 5 distinct obtuse ribs, marginal
ribs slightly wider, forming narrow wing-like rims; canals large, 1 per
vallecula, 2 (or 4) toward commissure; albumen broad and slightly notched
toward commissure; carpophore free, 2-partite nearly to base. Perennial
or biennial glabrous plants, with 3—4-pinnatisect leaves and filiform lobules.
Two species, endemic to the Mediterranean area.
1. F. vulgare Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. VIII (1758) No. 1; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Ill, 169.— F. capillaceum Gilib. Fl. lithuan. II (1782) 40.— F. offi-
einalte Ally Fil. Peden, 11 (785) 25-‘idb. "EY. Ross. Wie 27a simaceee
Fl. I, 400.— F. foeniculum Karsten, Fl. Deutschl. II (1895) 462. —
Anethum foeniculum LL! Sp. pl’ (1753) 263.—"A. rupestre. salisp.
Prodrk (i796) Nese" owstmeum foeni culumrCrantz, Classy mace
Emend. (1767) 82.— Meum foeniculum Spreng. in Schult. Syst. veg.
* Diminutive of the Latin foenum —hay.
390
(543)
Ne)
es
Ora
K
xh =)
iN
PLATE XXXV.
1— Silaus popovii Korov.;
2—S.rubtzovii Schischk.
391
545
VI (1820) 433.— Ozodia foeniculacea Wight et Arn. Prodr. (1834)
Jo. — Selinum foenitieulum Br. HH. ie meavce ingotuicna. Ele Menicclhile
ed, 2, XII (1904) 115.— Ice.: Kom., Sbor., sushka i razved. lekarsty.
Gasteed.s 3, Teallemw a. (aoe e
Perennial or biennial; root fusiform, to 1cm thick, branching above,
multicipital; stem erect, 90—200cm high, cylindrical, finely ribbed,
strongly branching; leaves ovate-triangular, 3—4-pinnatisect, lower leaves
on petioles, the upper sessile on dilated sheath: lobules linear-filiform
or linear-subulate, acuminate, slightly cartilaginous; sheaths of leaves
3—6cm long, narrowly oblong, with scarious margins, slightly broadening
toward hood-shaped apex. Umbels 3—15cm across, of 3—20(25) unequal
glabrous rays; involucre and involucels absent; petals broadly ovate,
yellow, ca. 1mm long, nearly as wide; fruit ovoid-oblong, 5—10mm long,
2—3mm wide. July—August.
Dry slopes, roadsides and near dwellings, often cultivated, locally
escaped, — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. andW.
Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Atl.
and Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., N. and S. Afr., introduced
into N. and S. Am., Jap.-Ch. Described from S. Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. The cultivation of fennel as a vegetable, medi-
cinal plant and an article of food dates back to antiquity (see references
in Theophrastus and Dioscorides). It is also grown for the essential oil
of its fruits which is extracted by stem distillation of the crushed fruits.
The yield of the colorless or slightly yellowish oil, with a typical aroma,
and a taste which is bitter at first, later turning sweet, ranges from
4—6%. Its main ingredient is anethole (Cj9H,,0). Many varieties of fennel
oil are known, such as the common, Florence, Saxon, Indian, etc. Fennel
oil is used in the manufacture of soap in the preparations of some medi-
cines, and as a source of anethole. In the USSR it is grown in the Ukraine,
Crimea and Caucasus.
Genus 1030. SILAUS* Bernh.
Bernh. Syst. Verzeichn. Erf. (1800) 116.—Silaum Mill. Dict. (1754) nee Ludw. (1737)
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellowish-greenish or pale yellow,
obovate, abruptly tapering to broad inward turned lobe; stylopodium short-
conical; styles short, reflexed: fruit oblong-ovoid, subcircular in cross
section; mericarps with 5 equal pterygoid primary ribs: canals small,
numerous, irregularly disposed, obliterated in ripe fruit: albumen nearly
flat toward commissure; carpophore free, 2-partite. Perennial glabrous
herbs, with tripinnatisect leaves.
Five species, in C. and E. Europe and Central Asia.
“ Pliny's name for an unknown plant; possibly from the Greek selas — luster, referring to the lustrous leaves.
392
546
1. Involucre and involucels none, umbels of 3—7 rays. 4. 5S. popovii Korov.
ar Involucels always present, sometimes also involucre, umbels of 10—25
Ey SREP WA LDS SPL? cw ec eRe cy Ree ee hae Re te) oot eee eek ae Ji: Ae
Dee winvolkucre and injolucels! presenter. <0 ep - smn.) - 3. S. rubtzovii Schischk
+ WhanWOlib@IES® IMOIME@ss so ceo Hy ceoee 0 086.0 64 6 BW Jalino 0 omdlig)b06d o.oo G90) Goo ONcec Be
3. Umbels of 10—20 rays, leaf lobules 1-3cm long, 1-3mm WHGS 34 6%
sae ew aia ey SOY RR eee SORES SEER Siok Mbt ss Maou ko Ow Coe 1. S. besseri DC.
+ Umbels of 6—10 rays, leaf lobules narrower, sublinear, ORS alesnican
RU EUGIGR nea iad nacre SONU HEV LS tales See iay os spinel ame 2. S. pratensis (Crantz) Bess.
1. S. besseri DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 161; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 287; Shmal'g.,
Fl. I, 400.— Silaus alpestris Bess. in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) p. XXXVI,
nom.: Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 43, non Peucedanum alpestre L.—
Silaum alpestre Thell. in Hegi, Ilustr. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926)
IDO Re Taye) Ie elon Silog NANO WZA0IE (esis); besseri Grossh, Fl. Kavk.
Ill, 170.— Peucedanum silaus M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Ta 08) RAH op
non Lam.— P. alpestre Spreng. Sp. Umbell. (1818) 56, non L.— Cni-
dium SilausM. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 212.— Ligusticum
alpestre Calestani in Webbia (1905) 122.— Ic.: Nov. Act. Acad. Nat.
Cine, VOU wl, talos IL (USA S SS sige) (Ga lah, 1) 5 Oa: aber
Perennial; glabrous; root 5—15mm thick, its neck densely covered with
dark brown remnants of petioles; stem finely furrowed, 50—120cm high,
branching in upper part, slightly geniculate-curved at nodes; leaves gale
angular, their blade 15—25cm long, 12—20cm wide, in lower leaves the
blade tripinnate; primary and secondary lobes petioluled, the tertiary deep-
ly cut into 1—3cm long, 1—2mm wide linear, acute, scabrous-crenate
lobules: upper leaves smaller, less deeply dissected, their short petioles
expanded to sheath. Umbels of 10—25 glabrous or slightly scabrous rays;
involucre none: involucels of numerous linear-lanceolate leaflets much
shorter than pedicels; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals pale yellow, ob-
long-ovate, notched, ca. 1mm long; fruit oblong-ovoid, with equal, strong-
ly protruding acute ribs, 5mm long, 2.5mm wide. July-August.
Solonetzic meadows, solonchaks, damp forests, fruit orchards. —
European part: M.D., V.-Kama, V. Don, L. Don, Transv., BI Bese.
Um@Dnce Caucasus: GiseyWe Siberia: wirtyis@enty- Alsial: Ar, -Casp.,
Balkh. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Bal. (?). Described from S. Podolia.
Type in Geneva.
Note. The combination S. alpestre (L.) Bess. is unacceptable because
in his description of Peucedanum alpestre, Linnaeus failed to cite
its country of origin. Similarly, there is no assurance that when describing
Meum sibiricum (Pugill. II (1815) 156) Sprengel had in mind the Russian
plant, since the description is very brief, and we did not see specimens.
2. S. pratensis (Crantz) Bess. in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) p. XXXVI; Lab.
Hie Ross: ile Shmalls, Bill 1) 400k SiS) flay esicjens Bernie syst-
Verz. Erf. (1800) 177.— S. selinoides Halacsy in A. Kern. Sched. Fl.
austro-hung. IV (1886) 37.— S. silaus Karst. Deutsche Fl. Pharm. -med.
Bot. (18801883) 33%,— Beucedanum jsilauis Ea) Sp. iplyi(t753) 246. —
Paapeatenmsre: Mana. Ml Hic ll (1778) 469g wea 2 allo) ay iy urnay Galltion, ele
lithuan. II (1782) 14.—Seseli selinoides Jacq. Enum. Vindob. (7.62)
393
547 227. S pratense Crantz, Stirp: Austr2 UN (1767) Se. tensive mm
(548)
Silaus Vill, Prosp) (1779) 25)— Le triparti tu nt Dimon)» Hitiaelon
(1827) 79.— Sium Silaus Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. i (1788) 129.— Crith-
mum silaus Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. (1799) 197.— Cnidium silaus
Spreng. Pl. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 40.— C. pratense Bubani, Fl. Pyren.
II (1900) 381.— Silaum silaus Schinz et Thell. in Vierteljahr. Nat. Ges.
Zurich LX (£915) 359. — Ick Heoin MIR Ee VATS ate 24 oor
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical, 0.6—0.8mm thick; stem
40—70cm high, erect, finely ribbed, with obliquely antrorse branches from
middle or nearly from base; radical and lower cauline leaves triangular or
ovate, long-petioled, their blade 7—20cm long, 6—10mm wide, tripinna-
tisect into 1-—2.5cm long, 2—4mm wide, lanceolate, acute lobules with
glabrous margins; upper leaves smaller, less dissected. Umbels 2.5—4cm
across, or 6—10 smooth unequal rays; involucre none or of 1—2 early
deciduous leaflets; umbellets 8cm across; involucels of linear-lanceolate
acute leaflets with narrow scarious margins, nearly as long as umbel rays;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-yellowish; fruit ovoid, 4mm
long, 2mm wide, dorsal and marginal ribs winged; stylopodium short-
conical; styles recurved, as long as stylopodium. July.
' Damp meadows.— European part: reported for Balt., Bes. Gen. distr.:
Scand., Centr. and Atl.Eur., Med. (rarely). Described from Austria
(vicinity of Linz). Type in Vienna.
Economic importance. The fruits contain 1.4% essential oil, with an
aroma reminiscent of tarragon oil.
Note. We did not see any reliable specimens of this species from
within the USSR.
3. 8S, rubtzovii Schischk. sp. nov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot. inst. AN
SSSR, XI (1950) 165.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root 0.7cm thick, its neck covered
with dark brown remnants of leaves; stems single or few, erect, thin,
simple or with obliquely antrorse branches above; radical leaves few,
early withering, on long petioles, their blade oblong or ovate, 3—4.5cm
long, 1.5—2cm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; primary lobes sessile,
lobules linear, acute, 2—5mm long, 0.5—1mm wide; lower cauline leaves
also on petioles as long as or longer than blade, abruptly expanding to
amplexicaul sheath; upper leaves smaller, sessile on short sheath. Ter-
minal umbels of 10—12 glabrous unequal rays; involucre and involucels
of 5 lanceolate-linear unequal acuminate leaflets with scarious margins;
umbellets 12—17-flowered, 5—8mm across; pedicels glabrous; calyx-
teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long, with inward curved tip;
tapering to short claw; young fruit broadly ovoid, with protruding ribs;
stylopodium pulvinate; styles recurved, as long as stylopodium. July.
(Plate XXXV, Figure 2.)
Fine earth slopes, ca. 2,000 m.— Centr. Asia: T.Sh. (Kirghiz Range).
Endemic. Described from Kirghiz Range. Type in Leningrad.
4. S. popovii Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. XV, Suppl. (1927)
DA5— dex: Jel jF A, IMI, IN@. 325.
394
549
Perennial: entire plant glabrous; root ca. 1.5mm thick, multicipital,
stem base densely covered with brown remnants of leaves; stems many,
35-65 cm high, erect, thin, slightly furrowed, branching above or from
middle with obliquely antrorse branches, slightly leafy, radical leaves
numerous, triangular, 10-15 cm long, 5—7 cm wide, ternate-pinnate-
compound; primary lobes on long petioles, their blade triangular-ovate;
secondary lobes sessile or the lowermost on short petiolules, pinnatisect,
the sessile lobules of the third order dissected into narrow linear sub-
filiform 4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide acute sections; median cauline leaf
often solitary, its shortened bipinnate blade sessile on oblong sheath;
upper leaves with nearly obsolete blade, reduced to sheath. Umbels
2-4 cm across at flowering, of 3—7 unequal glabrous rays; involucre
and involucels none; umbellets 6—11-flowered, with unequal rays, 6—11mm
long; petals yellowish, oval, not notched, inward curved, ca. 1 mm long;
fruit (unripe) ovoid-oblong, compressed laterally; mericarps subcircular
in cross section, dorsally with 5 filiform ribs; stylopodium short-conical,
with undulant margin at base; styles recurved, longer than stylopodium; canals
of mesocarpnumerous, narrow. June. (Plate XXXV, Figure 1.)
Limestone slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described
from Nura-Tau Range. Type in Tashkent, cotype in Leningrad.
Note. Distinguished from Silaus by the less deeply cut leaves
(not common to typical members of this genus). Unfortunately, as ripe
fruits were not available, the relationship of this plant to Silaus could
not be definitely determined.
Silaus gracilis Bge. (in Mém. say. étrang. Acad. Péetersb. VII
(1851) 301), described from Central Asia, remains obscure. There are
no original specimens in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Genus 1031. CNIDIUM* Cuss.
Cuss. in Mem. soc. med. Par. (1787) 280.— Allinum Neck. Elem.I (1790) 179.— Lithosciadium
Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII (1844) 730.— Tilingia Rgl. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1859)
97.— Ligusticum sect. III Cnidium Calestani in Webbia (1905) 211
Calyx-teeth very short or inconspicuous; petals white or reddish,
obovate, notched; stylopodium high-turbinate; styles after flowering
reflexed, several times as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid-cylindrical,
slightly compressed laterally, subhexagonal in cross section, with thin
winged ribs, the lateral hardly longer than the median; canals 1 per
vallecula, 2—4 toward commissure; albumen, subpentagonal in cross
section, nearly flat toward commissure. Biennial or perennial, rarely
annual herbs, with twice or many times pinnate leaves, and lanceolate
lobules; involucre present or absent, involucels of many obovate or
subulate leaflets.
More than 20 species in Europe and Asia.
* From the Greek knide — burning, itching, referring to the very sharp taste of the plant.
395
550
1. Stem very short-scabrous-hairy, sometimes visible hairs confined
foLModeass Giaricials Siete ce hale e ee Nd eek cee 10. C. monnieri (L.) Cuss.
zt Stem glabrous; perennials) very, rarely biennials 29.2. 1-0 )-a eee 7h
2. Involucre of 3—9 oblong or lanceolate leaflets persistent in fruit ... 3.
sts Involucre absent or of 1—2(4) filiform early deciduous leaflets .... 5.
3. Involucre of numerous linear-lanceolate herbaceous leaflets or leaflets
with scarious margin, often longer than umbellets; stems 10—50 cm
Invoke tastiallllyyetadtetniya the cere eee mete vias. ee oe 2. C. multicaule (Turez.) Ldb.
qf Involucre of obovate, nearly entirely scarious leaflets, shorter than
or equal to umbellets; stem 50—100 cm high, usually single ..... 4.
4. Umbel rays glabrous along ribs or with indistinct small tubercles;
styles divergent; twicejas lone as stylopodiumies i) 3 Su: i eee eee
sa nhe Me he SBOE LE SS Soe ee ds 3. C. enidiifolium (Turcez.) Schischk.
7 Umbel rays distinctly unevenly finely tuberculate above; styles re-
curved, as long as stylopodium .... 1. C. dahuricum (Jacg.) Turcz.
5... yrkimib@ls OL Gata tray Ss! Wa ieee ee AW rd Bs fol Wh aban Ala Me it on ar 6.
4 Unabelstef 6G 3'b- rays! ew 2 SP ev ea leukelie te ed et ee ete 8.
6... Lobules,dinear,0.7—2) em) long, ,15—2) mam wide!) ) 729) Ge i eee
Eee ia OR ices SUN Col ORE ine PS he ine AA LPT Ah Mot LOE eee 5. C. salinum Turcz
ar Mobulles oveue om laneceollate=limneaie) Sia Gana, Wallets) seen q.
7. Stem base covered with squamiform brown sheaths, involucels of
few narrowly linear leaflets .... 9. C. pauciradiatum Somm. et Lev.
ar Stems without brown sheaths at base, leaflets of involucels lanceolate,
TAIUUTAM ENS OS easiy sl “ate, (ores Sceyey nokeist seaubile ta. vos 6. C. ajanense (Rgl. et Til.) Drude.
8. Lobules lanceolate-linear, entire or 2—3-segmented, 1—2 cm long,
JESSEN ANGLE MIA RAL Mo haha Meets ein veeemieu. 4. C. dubium (Schkuhr) Tell.
aly LObuUleS +Ovatel Paes OF POS COS OE, BO Sa oF
9. Leaves triangular-ovate, tripinnate, lobules small, 2—7 mm long,
293 PATA WACO hea. cae soy eS gia 2 ie Bul bp ow tots) ea 7. C. orientale Boiss.
aR Leaves broadly ovate, bipinnate, lobules 2—2.5 cm long, ca. 1 cm
Wi CLG Ben hasilacin ci sieerccore sass gel aati oun sills. Syetigepes gs Seu enles 8. C. grossheimii Mand.
Series 1. DAURICA Schischk.— Perennials. Involucre of 5—9 oblong
or lanceolate persistent leaves, stems glabrous.
1. C. dahuricum (Jacq.) Turcz. ex Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. Il sem:
Horti Petrop. (1835) 33 et.in Ann: Se. nat. sér) 2, V(183'16))1 88; sldbseE,
Ross T2845 Murez) hl. Ybavel:—dahurs 4 491) — ©@s sithewal puma aeueezs
ex Fisch. et Mey. in Ann. Sc. nat. sér. 2, V (1836) 18.— C. argenteum
Cesati in Linnaea, XI (1837) 324.— C. cuneatum Ldb. Fl. alt. I (1829)
331.— Laserpitium davuricum Jacq. Hort. Vindob. III (1776) 22.—
Selinun Vsibiritcum), Retz. Obs. ll (1779) 16/— A ul ale ofs)p' ery masta
ecuneatum “kdbiy Rl: -altv Ive (1833).335) FID Ross: 11? 363: ¥ikry eae
Lape sibs. Vill, 2059..—-ale.. lidb. le. pli kl. Rosse alV.— taloseslee
Perennial; root vertical, 0.5—0.8 cm thick above; stem erect,
30-100 cm high, single, slightly branching above, glabrous, scabrous
only under inflorescence, finely ribbed, solid; radical leaves on long
petioles abruptly dilated into short sheaths, the leaves ovate-triangular,
25 cm long, 12 cm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; primary lobes
396
ool
352
short-petioluled, secondary lobes ovate, sessile, 1—3 cm long, 0.5—1.5 cm
wide, acutely dentate or pinnatifid, glabrous. Umbels few, 4—8 cm across,
the central one on more or less long stalk, the 2 upper lateral umbels
usually as long as or overtopping the central umbel, of 14—21 unequal
acutely scabrous rays; involucre of 7—9 narrowly ovate or oblong glabrous
leaflets with broad scarious-spreading margins, half as long as umbel rays;
umbellets ca. 1 cm across; pedicels glabrous; involucels of 5—7 obovate,
nearly entirely scarious, short-acuminate glabrous leaflets; fruit ellipsoid,
3.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, with 5 winged ribs of equal width. July—August.
(Plate XV, Figure 13; Plate XXXVI, Figure 1.)
Damp, often solonetzic meadows, solonetzes, shrubs, forest edges,
banks of rivers and edges of marshes. — W. Siberia: Alt. (Kerlyk stream,
Topchugan and Taldury rivers); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol.
Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria), Mong. Described after plants grown
from seeds collected in Dauria. Type in Vienna.
2. €. multicaule (Turcz.) Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 284.— Litho-
Seta wae mul iveau Ne iunrcz,., an Bull Sec) Nat. uMosie.) Sale GE853)) 93,
nomen etin Fl. baic.-dahur. I (1842—1845) 490.— Carum lutescens
mune za ple mexca an loo.
Perennial; root ca. 1 cm thick, its neck densely covered with long dark
fibrous brown remnants of leaves; stems many, 10—50 cm high, ascending
or erect, simple or branching, like leaves glabrous; radical leaves numer-
ous, long-petioled, their blade broadly ovate, 8-12 cm long, 3—4 cm wide;
primary lobes petioluled, the secondary 0.7—2 cm long, 0.5—1 cm wide,
sessile, broadly ovate, incised-dentate, their teeth with short cusp. Umbels
of 7-18 glabrous rays not elongating in fruit; involucel of 5—7 unequal
lanceolate-linear leaflets with scarious margins; umbellets 1.5 cm across;
involucels usually longer than umbellets of numerous linear-lanceolate
broadly scarious leaflets connate at base; petals greenish, sometimes
violet; fruit ovoid, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, the dorsal ribs narrowly
winged, marginal ribs broader; canals single under valleculae, broad,
extending all across space between ribs, 2 large canals toward commis-
sure approach the median line of the fruit and reach its base. July.
(Plate XXXIV, Figure 13.)
Gravels and stony taluses, to 2,140 m.— E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.
Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from Nukha-Daban and Lake Khubsugul.
Type in Leningrad.
3. €: enidiifolium, (Turcz.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Selinum enidi—
Tolima ahuvez: in Bull Soc. Nat aviosc.. Sal (1840) 72g ladon Vales osis.
Il, 293.— S. dawsonii Coult. et Rose, Bot. Gaz. XIII (1888) 144. —
Conioselinum dawsonii Coult. et Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
VII (1900) 52.— C. ecnidiifolium Porsild in Rhodora, XLI (1939) 267.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; stem 25—80 cm high, simple or
branching in upper half, deeply furrowed; leaves green, triangular-ovate
or ovate-oblong, the radical and lower cauline leaves on long petioles,
5—30 cm long, abruptly dilated to sheath, their blade 3—4-pinnatisect,
10—25 cm long, 5—25 cm wide; lobes of the third order ovate, deeply
pinnatisect into lanceolate acute lobules with smooth margins, lobules of
397
593
the last order 3—7mm long, 1—2mm wide; upper cauline leaves smaller,
less dissected, subsessile. Umbels terminating stem and branches,
4—12cm across, of 9-18 furrowed glabrous rays; involucre of 5 lanceolate
scarious long-acuminate early deciduous leaflets, 5.15mm long; involucre
of 9—11 lanceolate acuminate, broadly scarious leaflets with smooth mar-
gins as long as pedicels; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or violet,
ca. 2mm long; stylopodium short-conical, with unevenly notched margin;
styles divergent, slightly longer than stylopodium; fruit broadly ovoid,
4.5—5mm long, 3.5mm wide; mericarps with 5 winged ribs. Fl. June—July,
Fr. August. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 11.)
Herbaceous slopes, sandy slopes, swampy meadows, gravels in river
floodplains, willow stands inside and along edges of broadleaved forests. —
Arctic: AN., Chuk.; E. Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol.; Far East: Okhot. Gen.
distr.: Bering (Mackenzie, Yukon, Alaska). Described after specimens
collected between Yakutsk and Aldan. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Dubia Schischk. — Perennials, rarely biennials. Involucre
none or of 1—3 filiform, early deciduous leaflets, stem glabrous.
4. C. dubium (Schkuhr) Thell. in Hegl, Illustr. Fl. Mitteleur. V. 2
(1926) SOD key! Fly Zap. sibs Vill .2015)—) C. we mors mimngktoeiar
Umbellit) (1824) 109;' Ldb. Fl."Ross. Il, 2838; Shmalls., Hi i 4018=
C. palustre Rchb. Fl. Germ. excurs. (1832) 463.— Seseli dubium
Schkuhr. Handb. I (1791) 217.— S. venosum Hoffm,. Fl. Germ. III (1800)
44,— S. selinoides Bess. Cat. Hort. Cremen. (1816) 130, nec Jacq.
(1762).— ?Selinum pelustre L. Sp. pl. (1753) 254, p. p.—S. lineare
Schumacher, Enum. pl. Saelland. I (1801) 95.— S. pratense Spreng.
Pl Hala @e06)s925— Ss) turd olsuim Baume. Hnum Stirpy Wicanssy el
(1816) 223.— Meum venosum Baill. Hist. Pl. VII (1880) 191.— Ligus-
ticum venosum Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 211.— Ic.: Syreishch.,
Titel Mosk? ssube 1) 920e.— ebxsts "Glo. E> Noe F6n ie anh eeE tain beers
No. 304.
Perennial or biennial; root fusiform, sometimes with shoots from its
neck; stem 30—80cm high, single, erect, cylindrical below, finely sulcate
in upper part, glabrous, simple or slightly branching above; leaves oblong-
ovate, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, lower leaves with long petioles tapering
to short sheath, upper leaves on short sheaths; blade 5—15cm long, 3—6cm
wide; lobes of the last order linear or lanceolate-linear, entire or 2—3-lobed,
1—2cm long, 1—3mm wide, acute or obtuse, mucronate, slightly revolute
or thinly crenate-dentate; leaf sheaths often purple. Umbels 5—7cm across,
of 20—35 slightly scabrous or glabrous rays; involucre none or of several
subulate scabrous leaflets half the length of the rays; umbellets 10-15mm
across; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear-subulate, nearly as long as
pedicels or longer (var. ferulaceum (DC.) Thell.); petals elliptic or
ovate, 0.75—1mm long; fruit broadly ovoid or subglobular, 2—2.5mm long,
1.5—2mm across, with 5 rather broad winged ribs; stylopodium short-
conical; styles long, much longer than stylopodium, in fruit recurved, near-
ly as long as fruit. July—August.
398
554
557
Mixed, birch, birch-aspen forests, pine forests, dry valley and damp,
sometimes solonetzic meadows, meadow steppes. — European part: through-
out European part of USSR except for the Arctic, Crim. and L. V. (much
more rare in the south); W. Siberia: U. Tob., Ob, Irt.; E. Siberia: Ang. -Say.
(W.): Centr. Asia: Ar.-Kasp., Balkh. (N.). Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr.
Eur. Described from Germany. Type in Berlin.
Note. Owing to its very similar habit, this species is often mistaken for
Seseli annuum from which it differs by the glabrous stem, the glabrous
margins of leaves and petioles and the narrowly linear leaflets of the invo-
lucels without scarious margins.
5. C. salinum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII (1844) 733.— C.
VeMom uns ob- Hla cosserllanZco mono chy——b Luis ie um, (sialon! a ma
K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1915) 118.
Perennial or biennial; root rather thick, 3—6mm across, vertical or
obliquely ascending; stem 50—70cm high, single, erect or geniculately
curved, finely furrowed, slightly branching in upper half, glabrous; leaves
ovate-oblong or broadly ovate, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; lower leaves
with petioles as long as or longer than blade, often violet, dilated to short
sheath, their blade 3—20cm long, 3—10cm wide; lobules linear, 5—20mm
long, 1.5—2mm wide, acute, with slightly revolute margins, smooth; upper
leaves smaller, less dissected, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 3—6cm
across, of 6—12 unequal furrowed rays slightly scabrous inside; involucre
none or of 1 subulate leaflet: umbellets 0.6—1cm across; leaflets of invo-
lucels 2—6, linear-subulate, longer than pedicels; petals white, broadly
ovate, notched, 0.75—1.2mm long; stylopodium short-conical; styles re-
flexed, slightly longer than stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 2.5—3mm long,
1.5mm wide, with slightly winged ribs. June—July.
Solonetzic, often damp meadows, wet solonetz, rock debris and sandy
shores.— E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria).
Described from solonchaks of Dauria and Selenga. Type in Leningrad.
Note. Very much like Peucedanum falcaria Turcz., but with
strongly scabrous umbel rays.
6. C. ajanense (Rgl. et Til.) Drude in E.— P. Nat. Pflanzenfam. III,
8 (1898) 210: Kom., Fl. Kamch. II, 341.— C. tilingia Takeda in Bot.
Magy Tokyo, 2e (1906) 305.— Wilingia ajanensis Rgl. et Til. )HI-
Ajan. (1858) 97.— Selinum tilingia Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Sc. St. -Pé-
tersby DOOX (1886) 50,.—"Ligusticum ajanense K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc.
Nat ailoscean. sa o) Bering: Described from Ayan.
Type in Leningrad.
7. C. orientale Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. III, 1 (1844) 299; Boiss. Fl.
ometis SlenGrosse. bly Kavk saith 17 t)— sielin wim orientale Benth.
et Hook. Gen. I (1862—1867) 914.— C. silaifolium var. orientale
Halacsy, Consp. fl. Gr. (1901) 648.
Perennial: root thick: stem single, 30—40cm high, slightly curved at
nodes, cylindrical below, glabrous, furrowed in upper part, with some
obliquely antrorse branches above; leaves triangular-ovate, tripinnate,
lower and radical leaves with petioles as long as or shorter than blade, in
upper leaves blade abruptly passing to more or less long sheath; blade of
radical leaves 8—12cm long, 4—10cm wide; lobules ovate, mucronate,
2—7mm long, 2—3mm wide, with revolute margins. Umbels 3—7cm
across, of 16—25 furrowed rays slightly scabrous above; involucre of
2—3 linear-filiform leaflets or none; umbellets ca. 1cm across; leaflets
of involucels 3—7, usually shorter than pedicels; petals elliptic, entire or
notched, ca. 1mm long, white; stylopodium short-conical; styles eventually
reflexed; fruit broadly ovoid. July.
Stony slopes. — Not found in the USSR. Occurring near borders of former
Artvin district. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from
Rumelia and Asia Minor. Type in Geneva.
8. C. grossheimii Mand. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. im. V. L. Koma-
rova AN SSSR, XII (1950) 171.
Perennial; rhizome horizontal or ascending, 0.8—1.5cm thick; stem erect,
ca, 100cm high, simple or slightly branching, like leaves glabrous, striated
lengthwise, hollow; radical leaves with 20-30 mm long petioles, their blade
broadly ovate, 12—20cm long, bipinnate, with 4—5 pairs of primary petioluled
lobes pinnatisect into ovate 2—2.5cm long, ca. 1 cm wide strongly and unequally
toothed, lobes of the second order; lower cauline leaves similar to the
radical, the upper smaller, nearly simple-pinnate, sessile on dilated sheath.
Umbels 5—6cm across, of 25—40 rays acutely scabrous above, compressed
in fruit: involucre of 7—11 linear, early deciduous leaflets, 8—10mm long,
1mm wide, appressed to umbel rays; umbellets ca. lcm across: involucels
of 7—11 narrowly linear unequal leaflets; petals white, ca. 1mm Ipng, slight-
ly notched; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium; fruit
unripe with 5 equal ribs. July.
401
Oe)
Subalpine meadows, shrubby thickets along edges of mixed spruce-beech
forests. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Bakuriani). Endemic, Described from
Bakuriani. Type in Tbilisi, cotype in Leningrad.
9. C. pauciradiatum Somm. et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn, bot. ital. (1895)
(6; Ur. Bots, Sada), XVil_(N900) tei; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 271.— vets —
ticum pauciradiatum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. n. gs, XXIX
(1915) 210.—Ic.: Somm. et Lev. in Tr. Bot. Sada, Table XIX,
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, green; rhizome ascending, thin; stems
thin, ca. 50cm high, cylindrical, faintly furrowed, slightly branching, their
base covered with brown squamiform sheaths; radical and lower cauline
leaves with long petioles dilated to short narrow sheath, their blade broadly
ovate or subtriangular, tripinnatisect, 6—7cm long; lobes of the last order
lanceolate-linear, with short mucro. Umbels of 8—15 rays scabrous above;
involucre none or of 1—2 linear-shield-shaped leaflets: involucels of few
narrowly linear leaflets as long as umbellets at flowering; calyx-teeth in-
conspicuous; petals white, pinkish outside, obcordate, deeply notched, with
long inward curved tip; fruit ovoid-oblong; ribs 5, nearly winged, laterally
ribs wider: canals 1 per vallecula; stylopodium short-conical: styles re-
flexed, longer than stylopodium. FI. July, Fr. August.
-Subalpine meadows: Caucasus: W. and E. Transc. Endemic. Described
from Klukhori Pass, 2,300m. (Abkhazia) and from Didilyakhva River (S.
Osetia). Type in Florence.
Series 3. Annuae Schisck. — Annuals, stem short-scabrous- hairy.
10. C. monnieri (L.) Cuss. in Mém. Soc. Med. Par. (1782) 2804 Ce
EeOdigs SIV .ets2 edo El. Ross. Il, 283; Turez. Fl. baic.-dahur. I, 491, —
C. microcarpum Turcz. ex Bess. in Beibl. zur Flora, 1 ((e34)eas
nom. nud. Athamanta chinensis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 245, non Cn.
chinense Spreng. (1841).— Selinum monnieri L. Amoen. Acad. IV
(1755) 269.— Ligusticum minus Lam. Fl, Fr. III (1778) 454.— Cicuta
sinensis Zuce. in Roem. Collect. I (1809) 135.—Ic.: Kom. and Alis.,
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, Figure 246 (WOBD
Annual; root vertical, 2—3mm thick, narrowly fusiform: stem single or
few, usually erect, 20—80cm high, short-scabrous-hairy below, glabrous
above, densely white-haired only under inflorescence, ribbed, hollow,
branching; leaves ovate, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; radical and lower
cauline leaves with petioles as long as blade, dilated to whitish amplexicaul
sheath; blade 3—8cm long, 1.5—5cm wide; lobules 2—15mm long, a2). Sai
wide entire linear or narrowly lanceolate, acute or with whitish cartilagi-
nous mucro, Umbels 2—5cm across, of 15—30 rays scabrous above; in-
volucre of numerous linear-subulate, finely acuminate, slightly dilated
leaflets “He the length of the umbel rays; umbellets small, 5—10mm across,
with glabrous rays; leaflets of involucels o—9, linear-subulate or linear-
lanceolate, with very finely ciliate margin, as long as pedicels; petals
elliptic, white, hardly hotched, with very short inward curved tipe Gar
1mm long; fruit broadly ovoid, 2.5mm long, 1.5mm wide, with 5 rather
broad winged ribs. June—July.
402
560
561
Damp inundated or solonetzic meadows, shores of lakes and rivers,
weeds of fields. —E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (?), Dau., Lena-Kol. (Ust-Aldan
region); Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Introduced in S. Europe
and the Balkans, locally escaped from botanical gardens. Described from
S. France. Type in London.
Genus 1032. SELINUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. ed. 2 (1762) 350, p. p. ~Ligusticum sect. V. Selinum Calestani in Webbia, I (1905)
211.—Thysselinum Adans. Fam. Il (1763) 100, nec Moench (1794), nec Hoffm. (1814).— Carvifolia
Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauph. II (1786-1787) 629.— Allinum Neck. Elem. I (1790) 179, p. p. — Carvi Bernh.
Syst. Verzeichn. Erf. (1800) 114, nec Bubani.— Mylinum Gaud. Fl. Helv. Il (1828) 344.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous, petals white or yellowish, broadly ovate,
notched with inward curved lobe, stylopodium short-conical, styles elon-
gate, eventually reflexed, fruit oblong-ovoid, mericarps with 5 pterygoid
ribs, marginal ribs nearly twice as wide as the dorsal, canals single
under valleculae, 2—4 toward commissure, albumen nearly flat toward
commissure. Perennials, with numerous pinnatisect leaves.
Four species in Europe and Central Asia.
Involucre none or of 1—2 early deciduous leaflets............. 7
MavoluceliMor j)—Opersi stem MeanleES! sme nto ee. 4 ee eo euler cen Bo
Umbels of 15—20 rays scabrous-hairy above .... 1. S. carvifolia L.
Dimbelston 612 plabrous Gays s--5 .. = =) 2. S. kultiassovii Korov.
Leaves bi- or triternate, primary and secondary lobes on long
petiolules: umbels of 6—Il rays). 7. -. 3. S. tianschanicum Korov.
Leaves simple-pinnate, with sessile leaflets; umbels of 10—18
Te BTS hve ocala aise uae nc mC Rigo gic ieiPiae alert: 4. S. popovii (Korov.) Schischk.
wf we =
+
fe ecarvitoliall (Spe piled: )2)(ilr62)) 350" WdbisriiRoss: il 292;
Shima! eel, Wee FOS. ery el SMALE Ve ZO6e— 5) palustre "rant zy
Stirp. Austr. ed. 1, III (1767) 39, nonL. —S. pseudo-carvifolia
Crantz, I. c. (1767).— S. carvifolia linnaei Jacq. Fl. Austr. en e7/3))
13.—S. angulstum Lam. Fl. Fr. III (1778) 415.—S. acutangulum
Gilib. Fl. lithuan. II (1782) 22.— S. tenuifolium Salisb. Prodr. (1796)
lege Sie ciel icary i tolial Eaiwsp. ple ios) 2608 — Watseno iti wi
selinoides Scop. Fl. carn. ed. 2, 1(1772) 198, non Crantz (1767) nec
Miller (1768).— Angelica carvifolia VIII. Prosp. (1779) 25.—
Athamanta carvifolia Web. in Wigg. Prim. Fl. Holsat. (1780) 27.—
Mylinum carvifolia Gaud. Fl. Alvet. II (1828) 344.- Carum sul-
catum Steud. Nomencl. ed. 1 (1840) 164.— Ligusticum carvifolia
Goro int! Parl) bl itale Vill (1889) 2399= "Ie. Jacq." lL." Austr 1, ‘ab? 1G;
Rehb. Ic. Ml. Germ, XT) tab. 101.— Exs’: @.R.F.; No. 569.
* From the Greek selinon — an ancient name for an umbellifer the leaves of which were used to make
wreaths, from the Greek selas — luster (lustrous leaves), alternately from helisso — twisting, winding,
referring to the above-mentioned use of the leaves.
403
562
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; stem 30—90cm high, simple or
branching above, deeply furrowed, with acute narrowly winged ribs; leaves
green, triangular to ovate-oblong; radical and lower cauline leaves with
5—15 cm long petioles on short sheaths, their blade 3—4-pinnatisect,
10—15cm long, 5—10cm wide; lobes of the last order ovate, deeply pinna-
tipartite or pinnatisect into lanceolate usually mucronate finely crenate,
3—6mm long, 1.5—2.5mm wide lobules; upper cauline leaves smaller, less
dissected, usually only bipinnate, sessile. Umbels terminal, 5—7cm
across, of 15—20 sulcate rays hairy above; involucre none or of 1—2 incon-
spicuous, early deciduous leaflets: umbellets many-flowered; involucels
of many linear leaflets longer than pedicels; with narrow white-scarious
ciliate-crenate margin; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white or reddish,
elliptic, ca. 1.5mm long, to 1mm wide, tapering to short claw, narrowly
notched; fruit broadly elliptic, 2.5—4mm long, 2—3.5mm wide. F1.
June-August, Fr. September. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 14.)
Herbaceous coastal forests, willow stands, beech forests, forest edges,
shrubs, meadows. — European part: Kar.-lLap., Lad.-Ilm., Balt., V.-Ka-
maw Ue Vig. np. Nin Do. Don. se rangvs.) Bil vic. Done Ui nicer
W. Siberia: Ob (Borovlyanskii pine forest massif). Gen. distr.: Scand.,
Centr. Eur., Bal., introduced in N. Am. Described from Siberia (Ob River)
and Germany. Type in London.
2. S. kultiassovii Korov. in Addenda XV, 438.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; stem cylindrical, finely ribbed, ca.
70cm high, glabrous, slightly branching above; radical leaves with 10—15
cm long petioles, their blade ovate or oblong-ovate, 10—12cm long, 6—8cm
wide, bipinnate, primary lobes short-petioluled, lobes of the second order
2—3cm long, 1—1.5cm wide, sessile, ovate, irregularly toothed; lower
cauline leaves similar to the radical, the upper smaller, less deeply
dissected. Umbels ca. 4cm across, of 8—13 glabrous unequal rays; in-
volucre none; umbellets 0.8cm across: involucels of 3—5 linear acuminate
leaflets shorter than umbellet rays; calyx-teeth triangular, acute; petals
whitish, ca. 1mm long, notched, with inward curved tip; young fruit ovoid;
stylopodium short-conical, with undulant base; styles reflexed, 11/2 times
as long as stylopodium; ripe fruit unknown. August.
Damp meadows. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Talass Ala-Tau Range). Endemic.
Described from Dzhebogly-Su River. Type in Leningrad.
3. S. tianschanicum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada. V (1924)
(65> S. coriaceum Koroy,., Ibid. (1924) 47 .— Ss. tjenwise ctu nm monrous
invSTStem . Zam. (Gerba inist bot. lk zools Uzosk,, | Vill i947) 4a er sacme
lel Avs IM Noy Ba
Perennial; root thick, 1-2cm across, branching above, its neck covered
with dark brown fibrous remnants of leaves; stems few or many, finely
furrowed, glabrous, 40—100cm high, branching from middle or nearly from
base; radical leaves numerous, ovate-triangular, twice or thrice ternate-
dissected, their petioles nearly as long as blade, dilated sheath: primary
and secondary lobes long-petioluled; lobes of last order ovate-rhombic,
ovate or lanceolate-linear, 1—3.5cm long, 0.3—2.5cm wide, with short
mucro; cauline leaves similar to the radical but smaller, uppermost leaves
404
563
with reduced blade. Umbels terminating stem and branches, 3—7cm across,
of 6—11 smooth rays; involucre of 5—9 linear-subulate straight hardly
scabrous leaflets much shorter than umbel rays; umbellets few-flowered
(10—12), 5-6mm across, with scabrous-hairy rays; involucels of 4—7
lanceolate-linear acuminate short-scabrous-hairy leaflets shorter than
pedicels; calyx-teeth very small, triangular; petals greenish-whitish, dor-
sally hardly pubescent, obscurely notched, ca. 1mm long and as wide;
ovary very short-scabrous or subglabrous; fruit oblong, 6—8mm long,
3—4 mm wide, slightly compresseddorsally; stylopodium flat-pulvinate at first,
becoming short-conical in fruit; styles longer than stylopodium, reflexed;
mericarps with 5 protruding acute whitish ribs; albumen deeply notched
toward commissure. July — August.
Stony and meadow slopes, dry river beds, Central Asian juniper wood-
lands.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from the Ugama
River valley. Type in Tashkent, cotype in Leningrad.
4. S. popovii (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Trachydium popovii
Koroy. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada. V (1924) 78.
Perennial; root to 1cm thick, its neck densely covered with dark brown
remnants of petioles; stem 60—70cm high, cylindrical-angular, furrowed,
densely leafy, with obliquely antrorse branches nearly from base, branches
approached, nearly whorled above, forming paniculate inflorescence; radical
leaves numerous, with flattened dilated petioles, 10—20cm long, their blade
broadly ovate, 5—10cm long, 4—6cm wide, simple-pinnate, their lobes (5)
ovate, sessile, decurrent on general petiole, with triangular-ovate acute
teeth; cauline leaves smaller, tripartite or trisect, uppermost leaves
entire, lanceolate, acute or dentate, attenuate at base. Umbels numerous,
d5—7 ecm across, both terminal and lateral of 10—18 glabrous rays; involucre
of 8 lanceolate acute herbaceous reflexed, 10—20mm long, 3—3.5mm wide
leaflets; umbellets 15—20-flowered, ca. 1cm across; involucels of 4 lanceo-
late, acute reflexed, 3.5—5 mm long, 1.5—1.7 mm wide leaflets, flowers poly-
gamous; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellowish, 1.2mm long, short-
clawed; stylopodium flat-conical with undulant margin; styles reflexed,
slightly longer than stylopodium; fruit oblong, 4mm long, ca.1mm wide,
slightly compressed laterally; mericarps with winged ribs; canals 1 per
vallecula, 2 toward commissure. Fl. August, Fr. September.
Cliffs. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from the Ugama
River valley. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1033.* HYALOLAENA ** Bge.
Bge. in Mem. Say. etrang. Acad. Sc. Petersb. VII (1852) 128. —HolopleuraRgl. et Schmalh. in
Izy. Obshch. lyub. estestv. antropol. i etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 28.
Flowers bisexual, calyx edenticulate, petals broadly obovate, flat or
curved at midrib and then notched, acuminate, curved inward; stylopodium
* Treatment by E.P. Korovin.
** From the Greek hyalos — transparent stone, glass, laena — involucre, spathe.
405
564
flattened-conical with dilated, sometimes elevated margin; styles short,
reflexed; fruit oblong-cylindrical, sometimes slightly compressed laterally;
mericarps with narrow commissure, the ribs inflated, with membranous
undulant frill; resinous canals 1 per vallecula, more or less broad, or
2—4 variable or narrow and equal canals in mesocarp, 2—8 toward com-
missure; carpophore free; seeds flat, concave or inflated; exocarp
membranous, of single, large-celled layer, separating from small-celled
mesocarp; stereomes forming columns in ribs. Monocarpic, geophilous
herbs, with single stem and tuber, leaves dissected into small lobules, invo-
lucre and involucels membranous.
Four species confined to the Aral-Caspian lowlands of Central Asia.
Taxonomically, Hyalolaena is close to Sc Bullen vente IDC
1.» Leatlets’ of involuere elliptic, membranous ~..'. / =) a eee 2.
Leaflets of involucels lanceolate, only margins membranous ..... 3.
2. Petals completely glabrous, 1.2mm long, umbels to 10cm wide, ca.
4mm long, ribs with broad undulant membranous frill ...........
sh oelcal ap caty (onto as vat enay GU MO nh esi tecate a. tre) Met car aac yevee etek oe nT RS en i 1. H. jaxartica Bge.
+ Petals slightly hairy outside, 1.6 mm long, umbels smaller, fruit 3mm
long, ribs with narrow membranous margin. . .2. H. depauperata Korov.
aEy Ribs with frill folded crosswise, umbels of 5 rays arranged on spreading
Dirdieliesn? 2%; SiR LAGE. ieee, gle inae tse) 3. H. paniculata Koroyv.
te Fruit merely rugose, umbels of 10 rays, borne on reduced branches
Sat hc CR a raed RAR eae MeL ta as Me ie Mes lip 4. H.collina Korov.
1. H, jaxarticaBge. in Mém. Sav. étrang. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VI (1851)
128.— Holopleura carioides Rgl. et Schm.,l.c. (1882) 28.
Perennial; glaucous plant, glabrous or scabrous only at leaf margins;
tuber ovoid, entire or with 2—3 short thick appendages; stems cylindrical,
35—45 cm high, deeply furrowed, branching from base or higher to form
corymbiform panicle, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of leaves;
branches declinate, the upper exceeding central umbel; leaves early
withering, the radical in a rosette, with long flat petioles dilated at base;
blade oblong-oval, bipinnatisect, segments sessile, the terminal bipinnati-
partite into linear, 1.5—2 mm long, densely arranged rounded lobules; cauline
leaves sessile on short oblong sheath with membranous border; upper
leaves nearly without blade. Umbels of 10-20 rays, flat above, to 10cm
wide, outer rays longer than inner; involucre of 6—8 broadly lanceolate,
965 3-nerved leaflets; umbellets 20-flowered, with involucels of 5—6 elliptic
or oblong-elliptic, almost entirely membranous leaflets nearly as long as
umbellets; petals broadly obovate, with short inward curved tip; fruit
oblong-ovoid, cylindrical, to 4mm long; mericarps subcircular in cross
section, the protruding ribs bearing a narrow undulant-curly frill; resinous
canals rather broad, 1—4 per vallecula, 2 toward commissure, May—June.
(Plate XXX, Figure 12.)
Solonetzic takyrs in the northern desert zone. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.,
Kyz. K. Endemic. Described from the Syr Darya River. Type in Paris.
2. H. depauperata Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. in zool. AN
UZSSR.
Perennial; glaucous plant with short scattered hairs; tuber thickened, with
few appendages; stem 25—30 cm high, cylindrical, striated, corymbiformly
406
66
branching from middle or from above base, its neck covered with remnants
of leaves, branches declinate, exceeding central umbel; leaves mostly
radical, in dense rosette, on short furrowed petioles, their blade tripinna-
tisect into 2—3-lobed, hardly 1.5mm long dense sections, their lobules small,
narrowly lanceolate; cauline leaves with reduced blade, upper leaves
developed as short sheaths. Umbels of 20—25 rays, convex above, ca.
5—6cm across; involucre of 6—7 lanceolate leaflets; umbels to 30-flowered,
their involucels of 5—7 oblong-elliptic leaflets,as long as pedicels; petals
nearly square, with short inward curved tip, the peripheral pubescent,
1—2 mm long; fruit oblong-cylindrical, 3mm long; mericarps subcircular
in cross section; resinous canals single, rather broad, 2 toward commissure.
April—May.
Stony slopes of desert hills.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Nura-Tau and
Kungur-Tau Mountains). Endemic. Described from Kungur-Tau near
Vek-Budi. Type in Tashkent.
3. H. paniculata Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. in zool. AN UzSSR,
XII (1948) 20.
Perennial; glaucescent completely glabrous plant, with spherical, un-
branched tuber; stems to 1 m high, cylindrical, striated, thrice branching
from middle to produce broad spreading panicle; leaves early withering,
the lower with short petioles dilated to short sheath, their blade oval, thin,
tripinnatisect to 4mm long, linear,acuminate sections; upper leaves with
short sheaths. Umbels of 3—5 unequal, approximate rays ca. 2mm across;
involucre of 5 lanceolate leaves; umbellets 10-flowered, their involucels
similar to involucre; flowers on thin rugose pedicels; petals elliptic,
shallowly notched, with elongate obtuse inward curved tip, 1.6 mm long;
fruit (unripe) ellipsoid, 2.8mm long; mericarps circular in cross section,
with crosswise crumpled ribs; resinous canals numerous,narrow. July—
August.
Herbaceous mountain slopes in the steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
(Zeravshan Range). Endemic. Described from the Langar River valley
on Zeravshan Range. Type in Tashkent.
4. H. collina Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. in zool. An UzSSR,
XII (1948) 22.
Perennial; plant glaucescent, subglabrous, tuber nearly ovoid, lobate;
stem 40—50cm high, white-striated, twice branching from middle to produce
rather dense panicle; radical leaves in rosette, petiolate, their blade tri-
angular-oval, thin, bipinnatisect into 4-5 mm long pinnatipartite sections,
terminal lobules lanceolate, acuminate, with stiff ends; upper leaves reduced
to short sheaths. Umbels of 8—10 unequal declinate 5—-20mm long rays;
umbellets 7—10-flowered; involucre and involucels of 5 short-lanceolate
leaflets; petals broadly elliptic, notched, with short acuminate tip, 1.8mm
long; fruit (young) ovoid, rugose crosswise; mericarps without distinctly
protruding ribs; resinous canals 3—4 between ribs, 1 in rib, 8 toward
commissure. May.
Dry clayey hills in foothill zone.— Centr. Asia: Syr. D. Endemic.
Described from Fergana valley. Type in Tashkent.
407
Note. The ripe fruit of this species is unknown, though in its later
stages it may develop the characteristic features of the genus. On the
ovary no ribs were visible, but this fact does not raise any doubts whatso-
ever that the species belongs to Hyalolaena.
Genus 1034. LIGUSTICUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 250. — Haloscias Fries, Summa veget. Scand. I (1846) 180. — Hansenia Turcz.
in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII (1844) 754.— Ligusticum sect. Euligusticum Calest. in Webbia,
1 (1905) 209.
Calyx-teeth very short, petals obovate or obcordate, notched, with inward
curved lobule, rarely not notched, fruit ovoid or elliptic, subcircular in cross:
567 section, stylopodium short-conical, styles elongate, reflexed, mericarps with
5 strongly protruding, often pterygoid main ribs, canals numerous in valle-
culae and toward commissure, albumen obscurely and obtusely pentagonal
in cross section, flat or slightly concave toward commissure. Perennial
herbs, with ternate-compound or multipinnate leaves.
Up to 50 species, in the northern hemisphere as well as in Chile and
New Zealand.
ie eaves Vernate ey Wns ee me nee eocments Ter eke ce aan ee re 7,
Teave's! prnmate ! 9° 2 22a eee oP oS be ARS SS ee Del.
2. Leaflets grayish beneath, covered with short curly hairs; umbels of
20—40 densely curly-haired rays; radical leaves often entire
(Caucasus) 78-8495 08" SeeRy LAs ho STOW 4 eto 4. L. arafoe Alb..
a Leaflets with sparse stiff hairs beneath; umbels of 7-13 glabrous or
slightly scabrous rays; radical leaves never entire........... Bh!
3.) Weatlets stitt—haired beneath;) petals violet-purple |). 2.) aE
Disa tewmenteli ci oletal tte) coh val mae Lenya certe Retin Cae aT nem 3. L. purpureopetalum Kom..
at Keatlets clabrous beneath; petals usually witte 0) 2.) 4.)
4. Umbels 4—-10cm wide, flat above; ripe fruit 2.5—4mm wide, in lower
leaves many nerves terminate ireely, not form ine aes e's sata ae
Mme euetaehl o's: austen veto ae ks eran Se maw ier adhe teen Come crate ae ae T. “Le scotieunmy Im
+ Umbels 3—5.5(7)cm wide, convex at flowering; ripe fruit 2—2.5mm
wide, in lower leaves nearly all nerves anastomose to form meshes ..
itera aR ret tad Yo. aerate ete, ce enews Sea a te ne ee eee 2. L. hultenii Fern.
ds) Nainumbels* ot’ l2eraty sy 22) SS NTA ae 1D REED eee 6.
ate Main umbelstoral 5-40 rays’? Sh RRO) cp See OS a ee 1
6. Petals pink, leaf lobules narrowly linear, 2-4mm long, 0.2—0.3mm
wide, acute; involucels of 5 lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins
(Caiepatlitatric O°, 5 SA Raye Ate ain Mh 9. L. mutellina (L.) Crantz.
a Petals (young) violet outside; leaf lobules lanceolate-linear,ca. 1mm
wide; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear (Caucasus) oP to Seana ha ec
kc tnatcygatt nreaietutnic lum iuenie: Ruse cpio dasc chin camertae me ener 10. L. caucasicum Somm. et Lev.
7. Leaflets of involucre and involucels 10, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
Scabrous hairy, with broad scarious margins 9)... ) 2 iene 8.
ty Leaflets of involucre (if present) and involucels narrowly linear or
linearsiiltorm, with nearly not scarious ima rolas® — . se 9.
* From the Greek libystikon or ligystikon, Dioscorides' name for an umbellifer from Liguria.
408
569
8. Umbels of 15—20 rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels scabrous;
styles slightly longer than stylopodium .... 11. L. pumilum Koroy.
+ Umbels of 25—35 rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels hairy;
SHAS S ilados ES oes EUS SiO OCIA ooo poop lobe oe
Meret Meio gat vaiD she tA talc They ous) we ates “eageMtep ad 12. L. fedtschenkoanum Schischk.
9. Stem usually with winged ribs above; peripheral petals 2—2.2 mm
ltonei(Gaucasus) “Fahy Si, Lae 2 5. L. alatum (M.B.) Spreng.
Ur Stemenol waineed: =peripheral petalisi alto mime long 95 2) .ee.) ae iO}
HOeeecavicsholabrous aloncmervvjes above andy Oemeathy eins cnt tells) an rns
PME ks pecan ed ke snc tte Stine Rta 8. L. mongholicum (Trucz.) Kryl.
Leaves scabrous along nerves above, often also beneath ....... itl,
Ihave Lobes of the last order 2—3cm long; all umbels fertile; leaves
opseumelyiscabrous alonio merviest i. 346 ae a a 7. L. discolor Ldb.
a Lobes of the last order 4—7cm long; central umbel fertile, the lateral
sterile; leaves profusely covered with thick stiff hairs along nerves,
espe cialivapene ate Ae. Sua. nemkt baie 6. L. physospermifolium Alb.
Subgenus 1. Haloscias (Fries) Drude in E.-P. Pflanzenfam. III,
7—8 (1898) 212.— Haloscias Fries,l.c. (1846).— Pericarp of ripe fruit
thin, dehiscing to release free seed; leaves ternately compound.
it, a scoticum: Ew) Spe pl (i753) 250:5 DC) Prodr. Vy 157.) db, Hie
Ross. II, 286.— L.boreale Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 164.— L.biternatum
Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. I (1812) 94.- Haloscias scoticum Fries,
Summa veget. Scand. I (1846—1849) 180.— Cenolophium scoticum
CarsuBpit. ly Bury (1894))\27 1. le. Medehs and Pier. hi” Byrops Ross.
IMSS Bio Idotso8 leveibaarchal, Jel laces Eddsi5, INio)a, JUILS),
Perennial; stem 15—40cm high, branching above, finely ribbed, glabrous;
leaves with long sheaths and long petioles, their blades biternate-parted,
with ternately dissected primary lobules, segments of second order broadly
triangular or ovate, largely and unevenly toothed, 3-6 cm long, 2—3.5cm
wide. Umbels 4-10mm across, flat at flowering, of 7-11 unequal rays;
involucre of 1—5 unequal leaflets; involucels of many linear leaflets, nearly
as long as umbellets; petals white; flowers 6.5—8.5mm long, 2.5-4mm wide.
July.
Sandy-clayey and stony coasts, usually outside the surf zone, shoals and
mundatedumecadows: — Arctic: Arc.” Hur.; Buropean part: Kar. -Map.,
Dy.-Pech. Gen. distr.: Scand., Atl. Eur. (British Isles), Iceland, Green-
land, Labrador. Described from the coasts of England and Sweden. Type
in London.
2. L. hultenii Fernh. in Rhodora, XXXII (1930) 7.— Apium ternatum
Willd. ex. Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 431,non Ligusticum ternatum
Mallicgh Icey paps —\ eA re hanmgelica gimelini WC. Prodra lye 330)
170,non Ligusticum gmelini Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea, I (1826)
391,nec Vill. Prosp. (1779) 24.— Ligusticum scoticum auct. Fl.
orient extremi, non L.— Ic.: Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr.
Table 247 (1932); Fernh. l.c. JO, WS) Cy ILIA! Goll):
Perennial; stem 25—80cm high, branching above, like leaves glabrous,
finely ribbed; radical and median cauline leaves on long, sometimes violet
409
petioles abruptly dilated to broad sheaths, 1.5—3 cm long, their blade biter-
nate-incised, the broadly ovate segments of the last order 3—7cm long,
1—5 cm wide, rounded, unequally toothed or incised; cauline leaves smaller,
sessile on oblong, sometimes violet sheath. Umbels of 7—1 1(13) unequal
rays; involucre of 3—5 unequal linear-oblong leaflets with scarious margins;
umbellets of many unequal rays; involucels of 5—7 oblong-linear leaflets
as long as umbellet rays or longer; petals white or slightly pink,ca. 1.5mm)
long; fruit 6-10 mm long, 2—2.5(3) mm wide, with 3 winged dorsal ribs;
stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed,as long as stylopodium or
shorter. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
Meadows along coastlines.— Far East: Okh.,Kamch. Gen. distr.: Ber.
(S. Alaska), Jap.-Ch. (Japan). Described from Kamchatka. Type in Stock- |
holm. :
Economic importance. Eaten as a vegetable in the Aleutians.
3. L. purpureopetalum Kom. in Izv. Bot. Sada AN SSSR, XXX, 1—2
(1931) 206.
Perennial; stem single, 50—60cm long, cylindrical in cross section,
smooth, only at great magnification very finely scabrous; radical leaves
early withering; cauline leaves 3—4, the lower with 10—20cm long, nearly
_ tetragonal scabrous petioles; leaves of 3 leaflets 4-8cm long, 3.5-7cm
570
wide, broadly ovate, cuneately tapering to base, obtusely or acutely toothed,
stiff-haired along nerves beneath. Umbels 2—3cm across, of 7—8 unequal
glabrous rays; involucre of 5 linear, acuminate leaflets; umbellets ca. lcm
across; involucels of 5 linear leaflets as long as or slightly longer than
umbellet rays; calyx-teeth ovate, acuminate, well developed; stylopodium
conical; petals violet-purple; ripe fruit unknown. August.
Mixed mountain forests.— Far East: Uss. Endemic. Described from
near Narva village in Posyet District. Type in Leningrad.
4. L. arafoe Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II (1894) 250; Grossg., Fl.
KRavls) pile ky 1 slicr ew Allpegal seen bavlonnvallilie
Perennial; rhizome thick, obliquely ascending; stems single or few,
70-170 cm high, finely ribbed, branching above, more or less densely
covered with short curly hairs; radical leaves entire, long-petioled
(30-60cm), with orbicular cordate, unequally toothed blade, sometimes
obscurely trifid above, or ternately compound of oblique-ovate, proximally
cordate or rounded cordate leaflets; lateral leaves short-petioluled, the
median longer; lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, of 3 leaflets, also |
long-petioluled; upper leaves smaller, their petioles shorter, dilated to |
sheath; all leaves subglabrous, green above, grayish, or with short curly
hairs beneath. Umbels 6—8cm across, of 20—40 usually unequal rays
densely covered with curly hairs; involucre of 5—11 unequal linear pubescent!
leaflets a few times shorter than umbel rays; umbellets of many rays |
covered with short curly hairs; involucels of 5—11 linear-setiform leaflets; |
calyx-teeth obsolete; petals white, usually notched, dorsally pubescent; |
ovary and young fruit also densely covered with curly hairs, becoming sub-
glabrous; fruit ovoid, usually glabrous, 5mm long, with winged ribs; 3 canals |
at valleculae, 4 toward commissure; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed,
usually shorter than stylopodium. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
410 |
Subalpine meadows, 2,000—2,100m.— Caucasus: Main Range (Caucasian
| nature reserve), W.Transc. Endemic. Described from Bzyb and cther
ranges. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The inhabitants of Abkhazia pulverize the highly
aromatic rootstock and mix it with tobacco. In Abkhazia it is known as
"arafe,'' hence the specific epithet.
Subgenus 2. Euligusticum Drude in E.-P. Pflanzenfam. III, 208
(1898).— Large plants, with 2—3-pinnate leaves. Umbels of (15)20—40 rays;
involucre and involucels of linear or filiform-linear leaflets or involucre
lacking; petals white or greenish.
571 5. L.alatum (M.B.) Spreng. in Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 40; Umbell.
minuisscogmit. (dels) 125: .ldby Hl Ross. 11/286; Boisss Fly ors 1972;
Shmal's:) Fl. 1,402; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Ill, 172.— Athamanta alata
M.B.Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 214.— Selinum alatum Poir. Encycl.
Suppl. XIII (1817) 126.— Cnidium myrtifolium M.B.FIl. taur.-cauc.
III (1819) 212.— Silaus alatus Link, Handb. I (1829) 329.—Meum ala-
tum Baill. Hist. Pl. VII (1884) 107.— Ic.: Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. cur. XII,
1, tab. 10 (1824) fr.
Perennial; rhizome ascending, 2—2.5cm thick, covered above with
remnants of leaves; stem glabrous, 50—150cm high, simple or branching
above, especially in upper part with narrow membranous wings along ribs;
leaves glabrous, triangular or broadly ovate, 40cm long, 30cm wide, many
times ternate-pinnate-partite, their long petioles dilated to sheaths; lobes
of the last order oblong, acute, pinnatifid, with oblong pinnatifid segments.
Umbels 8—20cm across, of many (30—40) slightly unequal, slightly scabrous
rays; involucre of 5—13 unequal narrowly linear leaflets “y to “fe the length
of the umbel rays; umbellets of 30-40 unequal rays; involucels of 6—15
linear leaflets nearly as long as umbellet rays; petals pink at first, turning
white, more or less deeply notched, 2mm long; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long,
glabrous, with 5 prominent narrow wings; stylopodium conical; styles
reflexed, slightly longer than stylopodoim. July—August.
Mountain and subalpine meadows, forest clearings, mountain beech-pine-
bireh forests. — Caucasus: Cisc.,Dag., W.,E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd.,Iran. Described from N. Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
6. L. physospermifolium Alb. Prodr. Fl. colch. (1895) 109; Grossg.,
Dey Kayes libel 72
Perennial; entire plant smooth, glaucescent; stem 70—120cm high,
branching, hollow, finely ribbed; lower leaves long-petioled, twice ternately
dissected, with sessile or short-petioluled lateral segments, terminal
segment on longer petiolule, these and other segments dissected into 5 large
oblong- or ovate-lanceolate cuneately tapering and decurrent lobes, often
irregularly toothed or incised, 4-7cm long, 1—2cm wide; upper leaves
smaller, their shorter petioles dilated to sheath, with tripartite terminal
and bifid lateral segments, rarely all entire or toothed or incised. Umbels
572 large, of many (15—40) very unequal rays scabrous above; terminal umbel
with fertile flowers, the lateral sterile; involucre absent or of many narrowly
411
573
linear leaflets; umbellets of many roughly scabrous rays; involucre of
3—7 linear-filiform leaflets much shorter than umbellet rays; fruit
3.5—5 mm long, 1.5—3.5 mm wide, ovoid-oblong; mericarps with 5 narrow
thickish wings; 3 canals in valleculae; stylopodium conical; styles re-
curved, twice as long as stylopodium. July—August. (Plate XXXIV,
Figure 17.)
Subalpine meadows, fir and pine forests, 1,800—2,200m.— Caucasus:
W. Transc., Cisc. (State nature reserve, bassin or Uryuk). Endemic.
Described from Adzhituko Range and mountains of Abkhazia (Khou,
Mamdzyshkha and others). Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
Note. Inthe fertile umbellets usually only 2—8 flowers are fertile.
fe lee discolor ldo. Mi alt, 1(1829))321-) by, ba Rosch nlieaa ar
Kryl hls Zaps sib.) Vill 2003. —MNex Ldb. ics pl: Hi, Ross aie sao:
Perennial; stem single, 100—150cm high, 1—2 cm across, furrowed,
glabrous, hollow, branching in upper part; leaves long-petioled (20—50cm),
triangular, paler beneath, very short-thick-hairy along edges and nerves
above, tripinnate, with large blade (20-30cm long and as wide); lobes of
all orders petioluled, the tertiary ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid or strongly
toothed, 2—3cm long, 1—2 cm wide; median cauline leaves smaller, less
deeply dissected but lobes of the last order larger; upper leaves reduced to
obsolete blade sessile on broad inflated sheath. Umbels 10—15cm across,
compressed in fruit, of 20-35 unequal rays covered with very short stiff
papillae; involucre of 5—10 lanceolate-linear or linear, scabrous-hairy
leaflets usually early deciduous; umbellets 1—2 cm across, involucels of
10 linear-filiform leaflets as long as umbellets; petals white,ca. 1.5mm
long, obcordate, tapering to short claw; fruit ovoid, 4-5mm long, 2-3 mm
wide, with 3 narrowly winged dorsal ribs and slightly wider marginal ribs;
stylopodium conical; styles recurved, slightly longer or twice as long as
stylopodium. June—July.
Open forests, shrubs, south of the distribution area, to 2,700m.— W. Si-
beria: Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb.,T. Sh.,Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad.
8. L. mongholicum (Turcz.) Kryl. in Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII (1935) 2014. —
Hansenia mongholica Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838)
93,nom. nud.; Turez. op. cit. XVII (1844) 754; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 362.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root 1—1.5cm thick, horizontal or
ascending; stem 40—100cm high, erect, finely furrowed, often violet
especially at base, hollow, slightly branching with obliquely antrorse
branches; lower leaves with long petioles, their overall size 20—40cm
long, 15—20cm wide, blade broadly triangular, bi- or tripinnate; lower
primary and secondary lobes petioluled, the median sessile, the upper
fusing, secondary lobes sometimes with pair of opposite individual lobules
at base, elsewhere with ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded-dentate
segments 1.5—3cm long, 0.4-1.3cm wide; upper leaves smaller, less
dissected, sessile on amplexicaul inflated sheaths, 2.5—3cm long. Umbels
5—11cm across, of (11)15—20 glabrous rays; involucre none; umbellets
0.6—1.2 cm across, many-flowered, of smooth rays; involucels of few fili-
form-linear, eventually deciduous leaflets, nearly as long as umbellet rays;
412
574
calyx-teeth triangular, obtuse, 0.25mm long; petals greenish or whitish;
fruit subglobose or broadly oval, 4-6 mm long, 3-5mm wide; mericarps
with 3 winged dorsal and 2 wider (ca. 1mm wide) marginal ribs; stylopodium
short-conical; styles divergent or recurved, shorter than stylopodium.
July. (Plate XXXIV, Figure 16.)
Alpine and subalpine belt, on stony slopes, rock crevices, tall herbaceous
meadows, Siberian stone pine — spruce and larch — Siberian stone pine
mountain forests. — Wer siberia, Alt.) &. (siverias, Ano.—say., Dau. ‘Ger:
distr.: Mong. (Kentei Mountains, Lake Khubsugul). Described from Nukha-
Daban. Type in Leningrad.
SMO SSMAwS Boy MM whe S Ikaaers AVS way Jakeents IONS, ail, MEETS, War
(1926) 1316.— Involucre none or of few, early deciduous leaflets. Umbels
of 7-12 rays; petals pink or violet.
9. L. mutellina (L.) Crantz,Cl. Umbell. (1767) 82.— Phellandrium
Meena Sole (753) 255) Avett hu sean mimltel lima iiama Bike Bi.
(1779) 1025.— Meum mutellina Gaertn. De Fruct. I (1788) 106; DC.
PONE o2r me dbn sl shoSssi. ll2ee.— > Olena tine sp ur piumie aase ore:
Eneyel. Meth. (1796) 530.— Seseli mutellina Steud. Nom. ed. 1
(1840) 530,771.— Meon mutellina St.-Lager in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon,
VII (1880) 130.— Selinum mutellina Prantl, Excursionsfl. Bayern
(1884) 284.—Ic.: Penzig. Fl. Alp. Illustr. ed.2, tab. 18 (1915).
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, ca. 4mm thick, its neck densely
covered with dark brown fibrous leaf remnants; stem 8—20cm high, erect
or ascending at base, glabrous, simple or slightly branching above, finely
ribbed; radical leaves glabrous, their petioles nearly as long as blade,
abruptly dilated to broad ovate sheaths with parallel thick nerves and
scarious margins; blade triangular-ovate, 2—7cm long, 1.5—3.5cm wide,
3 or nearly 4 pinnatisect, of the 3—5 pairs of primary lobes the lower
slightly removed from the rest, short-petioluled, the others sessile, termi-
nal lobules narrowly linear, acute, 2—4mm long, 0.2—0.3 mm wide;
cauline leaves 1—2, smaller, sessile on dilated, slightly violet sheath.
Umbels 1.5—2.5cm across, of 7-10 glabrous rays; involucre none; um-
bellets 0.5—0.6cm across, many-flowered; involucels of 5 lanceolate, acute
leaflets with scarious margins; petals pink, obcordate, notched, with inward
curved lobule, ca. 1 mm long; fruit elliptic or ovoid-oblong, slightly compressed
laterally, 4—6 mm long,ca. 2.5mm wide, glabrous; canals 3 per vallecula,
6 toward commissure; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, 14 times
as long as stylopodium. July.
Alpine and subalpine meadows.— European part: U. Dns. (Carpathians).
Gen. distr.: mountains of Centr. Eur. Described from Switzerland. Type
in London.
10. L. caucasicum Somm. et Ley. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital. (1895) 77
and in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900) 188; GEOSS Pe een Kamla Wi ei 2) Cer
Somm. et Lev. in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI, Table XxX.
Perennial; rhizome obliquely ascending, woody, producing flower-
bearing stems with rosettes of leaves; entire plant glabrous, pale green;
stem 30—50cm high, its base covered with brown squamiform sheaths,
413
simple or with 1 branch, furrowed, unifoliate; radical leaves and leaves of
rosettes ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatisect, their petioles as long as blade,
dilated to short sheath with broad membranous margins; secondary lobes
ovate, pinnatisect or pinnatipartite into linear-lanceolate obtuse short-
mucronate lobules; cauline leaves similar to the radical but smaller.
Umbels of 12 short 1—1.5cm long rays; involucre of few leaflets or none;
umbellets of few unequal rays scabrous in upper part; leaflets of involucels
many, linear, nearly as long as umbellets, with violet margins, very finely
575 ciliate (under magnification); calyx-teeth obsolete; petals obcordate, with
short claw, attenuate to acute inward curved tip; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3mm
long, 2mm wide, barely compressed laterally; mericarps with 5 equal acute
almost winged ribs, the lateral ribs hardly elongating; canals 3 per valle-
cula, 4-5 toward commissure; albumen semicircular; stylopodium short-
conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium; carpophore parted nearly
to base. July.
Meadows in subalpine belt.— Caucasus: Cisc. (Main Range). Endemic.
Described from Klukhori Pass, 2,200—2,700m. Type in Florence.
Note. A little known species, not represented in the herbarium of
the Botanical Institute. The description follows Sommier and Levier.
Subgenus 4. Pachypleuroides Schischk. subg. nov. in Addenda XV,
604.— Stem 20—60cm high, involucre and involucels of ovate-lanceolate,
scabrous-hairy leaflets with broad scarious margins, petals white.
11. L. pumilum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 82.
Perennial; root thick, ca. 1.5cm across its neck densely covered with
brown fibrous leaf remnants; stems single or 2, 20—60cm high, erect,
glabrous, angular, strongly ribbed, with obliquely antrorse branches from
base sometimes overtopping main stem; radical leaves numerous, oblong,
their petioles shorter than blade, total size 8—12 cm long, 2.5—4cm wide,
thin-scabrous-hairy or subglabrous, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; primary
lobes sessile, the lower remote, ovate, pinnatifid into deeply dentate ovate
lobules with broadly ovate teeth produced to white cusp; lower cauline
leaves smaller, sessile on oblong-lanceolate sheath; in uppermost leaves
sheath large, blade obsolete. Umbels 2.5—4cm across at flowering, of
15—20 ribbed scabrous rays; involucre of 10 narrowly lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous-hairy leaflets with broad scarious margin,
slightly shorter than umbel rays; umbellets ca. 1cm across; involucels of
ca. 10 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate scabrous-hairy acuminate leaflets
longer than umbellets; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, early deciduous;
576 petals white, ovate, on 1cm long claws, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid,
slightly compressed dorsally, 4mm long, 2.8 mm wide, glabrous or slightly
scabrous-hairy, dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader; 3 canals
per vallecula, 8 toward commissure; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed,
slightly longer than stylopodium. July. (Plate XXX, Figure 11.)
Stony southern slopes, 2,500—2,900m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.).
Endemic. Described from Akbash-Tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
414
De
oe Z
ji = 13
SN Wiye/ Sr, 2G :
= $e Sa
“NZL Ze SS
WEZ ZS 2
i ‘cas
PLATE XXXVI. 1—Pachypleurum mucronatum (Schrenk) Schischk.; 2— P. alpinum Ldb.;
3 — P. gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk.
415
579
12. L. fedtschenkoanum Schischk. sp. nov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst.
AN SSSR, XIII (1950) 166.
Perennial; root vertical, 1-2 cm thick, its neck densely covered with
dark brown leaf remnants; stem usually single, 20—40cm high, erect, cylin-
drical, glabrous, finely ribbed, nearly from base with few obliquely antrorse
branches shorter than main stem; radical leaves oblong or ovate, numerous, ,
their petioles nearly as long as blade or shorter, with petiole 7-14cm long,
2—7 cm wide, thinly scabrous-hairy or subglabrous, bi- or nearly tripinnati-
sect; primary lobes sessile, the lower remote, ovate, pinnatisect into deeply
dentate ovate lobules with ovate, acute teeth; cauline leaves few, smaller,
sessile on dilated sheath; uppermost leaves with obsolete blade. Main
umbel 5—12cm across, or 25—35 spreading-hairy rays; leaflets of involucre,
10—12, lanceolate, usually densely pubescent, rarely subglabrous with broad
scarious margins, one half the length of umbel rays or less; umbellets
many -flowered, 1.5—2 cm across; leaflets of involucels many, lanceolate or
linear -lanceolate, with broad scarious margins, acuminate, densely pubes-
cent, nearly as long as umbellets; petals white, ca. 1mm long, with inward
curved tip; fruit ovoid, slightly compressed dorsally, 4mm long, 2mm wide,
dorsal and marginal ribs broadly winged; stylopodium short-conical; styles.
3 times as long as stylopodium. July.
Mountain slopes, 2,400—2,700m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the upper reaches of Zeravshan River (Kara-Kul). Type
in Leningrad.
Genus 1035. PACHYPLEURUM * Ldb.
Ldb. Fl. alt. 1 (1829) 296; Calestani in Webbia, 1 (1905) 215. - Neogaya Meisn. Plant. vasc. gen.
(1831) 144. - Arpitium Neck, Elem. I (1790) 168 p.p. — Gaya Gaud. Fl. Helv. II (1828) 389, non H.B.K.
(1821)
Calyx-teeth short, obsolete; petals white, in peripheral flowers of um-
bellet often unequal in width, wider, notched; fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed:
stylopodium pulviniform; styles slightly or twice as long as stylopodium;
mericarps with 5 strongly protruding thickish ribs, the marginal slightly
wider than the rest; mesocarp thickish, spongy; filiform vascular-fibrous
bundles at base of ribs; canals 3—5 per vallecula, rarely solitary, or canals
absent, 2-10 toward commissure; albumen plano-inflated. Perennial
mountain herbs, often with leafless stem and well expressed involucre and
involucels.
Four species in the mountains of Europe and Asia and in the Arctic.
1. Involucre of short, broadly ovate or lanceolate, nearly entire, scarious
sometimes connate leaflets; entire plant small, glabrous, with numerous
decumbent or ascending leafless flower Seapeis)) #..: este te eee
cre | ee Gee « Mey on 3. P. gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk .
at Leaflets of involucre free, sometimes as long as umbel; plant glabrous
or short-scabrous-hairy under inflorescence, often also on leaves, with
leafy stemis or nunverous leafless flower scapes 2. |]. aeeeee 2.
* From the Greek pachy — thick, pleura — rib, referring to the thick ribs as contrasting with the thin-
walled fruit.
416
580
581
2. Stems leafy, often branching; terminal lobules of leaves usually short-
mucronate; leaflets of involucre always entire .....+++++++.4--.
a Guin Mls od ein shRNA als 2, P. mucronatum (Schrenk) Schischk.
a Stems usually erect, leafless or of 1 leaf; terminal lobules of leaves
acute but without mucro; leaflets of involucre often 2—3-toothed above
Ae TER PRCT §) ccyeucnt yisesuns ke ron rabeyeame: obmitel oMireias. sel aie gwen «=. )aael Ij 12s. 2ionvalbyaa 1biclley,
iPeEeealpinuna: Wd). le salt esl (AG2S) BOTs Wile ROE. Il, Sel, 1S ues =
danum selinoides DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 180, synon. excl.— Coniose-
linum gayoides Less. in Linnaea, IX (1834) 178.- Neogaya simp-
lex a albomarginata Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. IH (1842) 41; Ldb. Fl.
Ross. Il. 289.— Ligusticum alpinum F. Kurtz in Bot. Jahrb. XIX
(1894) 464: Drude in E.-P. Pflanzenfam. II, 8 (1898) 212.— L. mutelli-
noides Hult. Fl. of Kamtchatka, III (1929) 164, non Vill.— L. mutelli-
noides var. (vel subsp.) alpinum Thell. in Hegi,Illustr. Fl. d. Mittel-
eur. V,2 (1926) 1325.— Arpitium alpinum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mose. ia. Sy SOMOS (MOMENTO Seeds, ss Blo, Silos WITS AO — NO Ae IuGllo).
Te, jal MIRO So TW, Wald GAAS —— psiag (Gis les 18> Nek, Bie Ie
Perennial; root usually fusiform, its neck covered with leaf remnants;
stem erect, 3—40cm high, glabrous, very short-scabrous-hairy only under
inflorescence, furrowed, leafless or of 1 leaf, terminated by single umbel;
radical leaves oblong-ovate, their petioles long dilated to oblong sheath,
their blade 2—10cm long, 1—5cm wide, bi- or tripinnate (rarely nearly
simple -pinnate), with lanceolate-linear, acute segments 0.2—1(3)cm long,
1(3) mm wide. Umbels 2—4cm across, or 10—20 scabrous, nearly equal
rays; involucre of many linear-lanceolate leaflets, expanding above, some-
times 2—3-toothed, with broadly scarious margin, nearly as long as umbel
rays; involucels of 5—10 leaflets nearly as long as umbellets; petals white,
long persistent, in peripheral flowers unequal, the 3 peripheral petals
ca. 1.5mm long, obcordate, notched, with small acute lobule at base of notch,
the two inner petals slightly smaller, hardly notched; fruit broadly ovoid,
ca. 4mm long, 3—3.5mm wide. From end of June—August. (Plate XXXVII,
Figure 2.)
Moss, moss-lichen, stony and patchy tundras, cliffs, sandy slopes, pebbly
bluffs, slightly turfed dunes, forb and alpine meadows, sometimes in gravels
(in Arctic zone and alpine belt).— Arctic: Arc. Eur., Nov. Z., Arc. Sib.,
Chuk.; European part: V.-Kama (Urals); W. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau.,
Lena-Kol.: Far East: Kamch.; Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Saur, Tarbagatai,
N. Dzungarian Ala-Tau). Gen. distr.: Mong. (?),Ber. Described from
Altai (Krestovaya Mountain, Aigulak Range). Type in Leningrad.
Note. P.simplex (1.) Rchb., very close to P. alpinum,occurs in
the mountains of W. Europe (Fl. Germ. excurs. (1832) 471.— Laserpi-
tium simplex I. Mant. 1 (1767) 56.— L. mutellinoides Crantz,
Cl. Umb. emend. (1767) 67.— Ligusticum mutellinoides Vill.
Prosp. (1779) 25.— L. simplex All. Fl. Pedem. II (1785) 15.— Gaya
Seim plex Kalopanax
Harms . 21
5s acerifolium Schelle . . 22
. ricinifolium Seem... - 22
0 x var. Maxi-
mowiczii Koehne 22
5 senticosus Harms ..-. 20
Fs sessiliflorum (Rupr. et
Maxim.) Seem. . 19
Acer pictum Thunb....... - 225 23 a24
» septemlobum Thunb...... - PD D3}
Actinanthus Ehrenb, . .°- . - . -: : 526
Actinolema Fenzl] -......... 71
* eryngioides Fenzl... - - 72
a macrolema Boiss... ..- - 72
Aegomarathrum crispum Steud... . - 252
Aegopodium L. ....--...-.-- 451
i alpestre Lbd.. . ..- - 457
ks angelicaefolium Salisb. 452
is brachycarpum (Kom.)
Schischk. 457
* Carum Wibel .....- . 386
latifolium Turez. 456
7 podagrariaL. ......- 452
” 1 var. tribracteo-
latum (Schmalh.)
(Grosshheemcncn 455
a tadshikorum Schischk. 456, 600
1 ternatum Gilib. .-.-. - 452
i tribracteolatum Schmalh. . 452
Methusacle dar sere se S cee Mee SS
x Gicutas Necker 9s, 6) 22 4) 539
ms cynapioides M. B.....-. - 539
a eynapiumiiey =) ss urs ee 539
var. cynapioides (M.B.)
Ficinus et Heynh. 539
” ”
” » » gigantea Lej. . . 539
‘is cynica Dulac. a.) 4 539
a Alictian Ill, 6 Js) 6 ag 6 6 8k 539
Pag.
Aethusa Mutellina Lam. ....... 573
55 tenuifolia Gray ......- 539
5 toxicoria Salisbs-. > =) «= - 539
Alcastanaon Pea nay in eer in ae 333
Agostana (S. F. Gray) K.-Pol., sub-
GONE wc 0 Bley el. 333
Alacospermum Necker ....-.-.-.- - 386
Albertia Rgl. et Schmalh. .....- .- 151
a commutata Rgl. et Schmalh.. 244
Hs margaritifera Rgl. et Schmalh. 250
- paleacea Rgl. et Schmalh.. . 152
Albovia Schischk. ........ 450, 599
He tripartita (Kalenicz.) Schischk. 450
Allinum: Necki. 3) oie (> nics ee 549, 560
Alpina Wolffe osecta ic) cc) fo! te 15
Alschingern \Wistce ace! cs eee 223
A Inilitwce Tae me Reus Mae) steevuer Gases 381
Palacanle Sprenger rar cs a. 421
PeuCOplicumh .e-ai- eens) 319
,| dilatatum St.-Lag. - -:-... - 381
imaiUSes Marie etn cayegi) eee eee 382
» trachycarpum C. A. M. 366
Lo wisnagan(da:)) ame.) 6 302 ot i: 381
Ammineae Koch, trib. .-.....- 274
Animiosailoenchii » aaetens ols iors os 378
Pe muricata Moench. .....- - 329
Angelica carvifolia Vill. -. +--+... 561
hs Fischeri Spreng. ---.-.- + 583
Anethum Foeniculum L........- - 542
ie graveolens L. --.+-++-+-:- 39
zi rupestre Salisb. . ----- 542
Anidrum Neckssuoute croak © ns 198
#3 sect. Astrobifora Calest.. . . 202
* sect. Eubifora Calest. .-.- - 201
3 flosculosum Calest. -...- - 201
Ke Golickeanum K.-Pol.. .. .- - 195
MS insigne K.-Pol. ---.-+--- 193
% involucatum K.-Pol. ... - - 196
bo papillare K.-Pol. ..-.-.+: = 194
Ps pungens K.-Pol.- ..---= - 197
* radians O.Ktze.- - +++. > 202
ie testiculatum O. Ktze. .-.- - 201
* (This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original.)
** (Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.)
439
Pag.
Anidrum vaginatum K.-Pol. .... . 196
” ” 8. pungens K.-Pol. 197
AnisactisoD wlacy i.e, ee eee 373, 385
Anisoides Schischk., sect... .. . 442, 599
Anisum Gaertn. ........... 445
. officinarum Moench .... . 445
a vulgare Gaertn. ....... 445
Anosmia Bernh, 2°20 0 eee 218
Anthriscaria Thellung, sect... ... . 154
Anthriscus Bernh. .......... 153
Anthriscus (Pers.) Hoffm. ..... . 125
a subgen. Cerefolium Rchb. . 136
; abortiva Jord. ...... 131
a) aemula (Woron.) Schischk. 129
a alpestris Wimm. et Grab.. 131
BS Anthriscus Karst... .. . 138
mF arvensis K.-Pol. . 159
3 Caucalise MB: dics oy = =, cue 138
x cerefolium M. B. ..... 137
- cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.. . . 136
ssp. Trichosperma
Drude. . 137
” : 8. trichosperma
Wimm. et Grab. 137
eS chaerophyllea Druce . 138
a dubia Kabath ....... 131
3 Clation§ Besse ee 128
fp glacialis Lipsky ...... 131
He humilis Bess. ...... . 131
* Kotschyi Grossh. .... . 135
% leptophylla K.-Pol. 163
» % B. Stocksiana
K.-Pol. . . 162, 164
" longirostris Bertol.. . .. . 137
s nemorosa Ldb). = 40% = « 129
as nemorosa (M. B.) Spreng. 127
be es var. mollis Boiss. . 128
‘5 nitida (Wahl.) Garcke . 131
Ae nodiflora K.-Pol. .... . 162
‘i nodosawherss a0 3 4 2 ae 93
Prescottii Vesenm.. .. . . 116
ie Ruprechtii Boiss. .... . 132
3) SALiUUSHD CSS Ee 136
5 scandicina (Web.) Mansf. 138
ey Scandix Aschers. .... . 138
” p MiB areivnat teach connie 93
a Schmalhausenii (Alb. )
K.-Pol. 135
a silvestris Boiss. ...... 127
silvestris (L.) Hoffm. 128
5 silvestris ssp. nemorosa
Ke=Poll, 5.2 129
440
Pag.
Anthriscus silvestris var. aemula Wo-
ron. 129
” ”» » genuina Kryl. 129
» » » nemorosaKryl. 129
a 09 As » Trautv. 127
Hi 2 a. typica Kryl.. . 129
> 0 8. alpestris Wimm. 131
” " 8. nemorosa Kryl. 129
» 55 B. » Schmalh. 129
* + 8. nitida Briquet. 131
“ Sosnovskyi Schischk. 5 oo lish)
5 Stocksiana K.-Pol. . . . 162, 164
4 taurica Fischt senate 127
* torquata Dubyr. seen eee 131
~ trichosperma Spreng. 137
PA velutina Somm. et Lev. 130
vulgaris Pers). —enene 138
Aphanapledca BoisSioqis' venasuiych sae 365
‘ capillifolia (Rgl. et
Schmalh.) Lipsky 367
$ Fedtschenkoana
K-Polt: cc) oer 366
. leptoclada (Aitch. et
Hemsl.) Lipsky. . 366
es trachycarpa Lipsky 366
trachysperma Boiss. 366
Apvinceatas K;-Pol), Sect, 1.11 cae 459
Apinella’Caruel 2). 350
Neck: 3 sc) ei eee 349
= (Eatrinia) Ball). = = ee 350
i, sect. I Trinia Halacsy . 350
‘i hispida Calest) oy-.oe eee 355
Hoffmannii Calest. .... . 357
Apicidess Drude..subfam. snc eee 88
Apium Caruell sie. oo 0) oy ke 385
Apiunmt Lo. a sss ee 370, 373
» subgen. Helosciadium Drude. . 372
» sect. Helosciadium Babingt. 372
= » lI Petroselinum Calest. . . 373
a » lI] Ammi Calest...... 381
Ps » IV Carum Calest. 385
» © Reutera Calest. 446
A » VI Pimpinella Calest. 422
; » VII Aegopodium Calest. 451
‘Amn Grantz, =.) 5 ce eee 379
5. Amomum ‘Car. ". 2. 2 > eee 375
» ., Anisum Crantz 5% 285 2. oe 445
». | .BerulanGaruel ~ 4. see 466
» biternatum Stokes ....... 455
= @arer Crantz® « <9. 4 386
» © Gelleri Gaertn. ~. 7. + eee 371
» cicutaefolium Benth. et Hook. 460
Apium erispum 1 AFIT hgptng: = Ae See ebm icieate oer 374 Aralix kolymensis Krysht SS TT ee Cart aie ere 24
» decumbens Ecklon et Zeyher. . 371 2) EDSLOMEN Ue ets ie ooh Bore 5 Go's 24
tee ee _ 371 5 luciterawkany Sheree ition imme neni 24
iMac eeer. eee Ce » mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim. . 27
PuMtaroeli lessens = a0. 91 357 : ne
: » Maximowiczii Van Houtte ... 22
22 laetum Salisb.. --.--..-- 374 = olevonpkryshte amen cn ncnCmC nC enrente 24
i latifolium Mi spiro oh eanicaiite. | oy oils 374 * chauspolymorphas Newbie) eile) cnlstieieen tolls 24
Pee Ob atime Gulilomtwiee g-f2 - | i ie 371 » Qguinguefolia Forb. et Hemsl.. . 35
» maritimum Salisb........ 371 » racemosa var. sachalinensis
Sl wmodilonammlxchiby -)/.,/) (1 =. 372 Miyabe .. 31
Pus Peiroselinurngulen | 9 - |). 12 ie i Sie! *) 5 » sachalinensis Rgl. 33
a5 a var.crispum Willm. 374 ow SaGhalimensisehorta-f-ent-) teen 33
Ke 4 x. angustifolium 5 ch Saportana Lesq. SMC AMOR il omion Tee viree 24
Hane 374 D Schmalhausenii Pimen. .......... 24
Ray Masia » Schmidtii Pojark.. .... . 33, 588
is e Beeiopifer ire i - var, typica Pojark.. . 34
Hayne . 374 ae
oD 0 » verticillata
Mia ermpinellasCaryot. maw) - 431 Perks). a4
nemodagrarntag@aruel)- - 1). - 455 : Mj ;
As golnosa Whig) co o 0566 6 oo © 25
Nl nomanumpLuccagmil)-) ities 374
. 8 var. canescens Fr.et Sav. 26
sauijragumeCalest: wiitmau-n enor 427 Ss
7 . . ” ” 99 ” ENGR oO Go © 26
» sisarum var. lancifolium Calest. 464 3 uae at Sera enone 6
” % b. sativum Calest.. . . 464
Si C 166 4 a » glabrescens Fr. et
es tum tea ed SE rGeG) Otrota oe Uo 8 eae 6
% gepnatune ANA ye ter aey + x jfukhonovichi/Kryshts ye) en is) eee 24
2 Tragoselinum Crantz .- .- . 427 és tschulymensis) Fleer). -) 2) 24
» Wismama (Grain oc 5 5 5 ¢ > 0 Sty HLS ah Par NS eI Pe ee 24
Pemenlcarewbubeken ewan s OVI AyAliaesae. Went one oe &. ale kon aos 1
» » betes 02) a 3 Gn 374 Archangelica Gmelinii DC... +... . 569
Aralia lL... --. 7-2 eee eee 24 Archaeopleurum Lincz., subsect.. . - - 287
9) Barerianaylicenn . 31 Spreng. - 68
» @lata (Miq.) Seem. ..... - 25 my Colchicag All bumeme t-test tee i 70
" » var. canescens (Fr. et Sav.) Ky helleborifolia Salisb. ...-.- 67
Pojark.. 26 i heterophylla Willd. . -- - - 67
* » glabrescens (Fr. et * intermedia M. B. ...-.-.- - 69
Sav.) Pojark. . 26, 27 x i var. §?. DC. -.. 69
eo elataNakaitiyost SPe SAA 25 27 " may? Whe NBs) no: 0 0 oo. 019 69
a Paina Was cial aa a cd lo io oso S 24 e major | oe She Ga tS ICSI Se cane tes 69
ae gaponicallhunbs =. wae 3 Re » ssp. Biebersteinii Grintz. 70
441
Pag.
Astrantia major ssp. eu-major Grintz.. 69
a » var. Biebersteinii
Schmalh. 70
a S » intermedia (M. B.)
Boiss. 69
7 7 » tridentata Stev.. . 69
‘ i! » ¥. eu-majcr Wolff. 69
Hs maximadeallhy eee | a. 67
be orientalis Woron. ..... . 70
‘3 3 var. Biebersteinii
Woron. 70
D - » intermedia
Woron.-. . - 70
7 ossica Woron.. .--.- - - 70
% pontica Alb, 2") 7% 68
% speciosa hort... .....- 68
e tridentata Parrot ..... . 70
a etal, Inlothm oo o co 6 © 4 o 69
Astrobifora (Calest.) Schischk., sect. 202
Astrodaucus Drude. ......... 169
_ littoralis (M. B.) Drude 171
s orientalis (L.) Drude . 170, 172
” cp var. eriocarpus
(Boiss.) Woron.- 170
7. var. glabratus
Thell. . 170
9 a » Involucratus
Bordz. - 170
a persicus (Boiss.) Drude . . . 170
Athamanta Ajowan Wall. ex DC... . 379
3 canescens DC ....... 166
09 carvifolia Web. ...... 561
5 cervariaefolia Schrad. . . . 473
+5 ChinensissLie os) co sei 559
“3 compacta Ldb.. ..... . 483
s condensata L.. .-.-:... 480
ss crinitawidbs.eaecin akes |< 540
a denudata Fisch. ..... . 583
es elatayM IB Me ee by ct cnen ote 571
5 incana Steph... ...... 504
* Libanotis var. sibirica Schult. 474
® macrophylla Korov. ... . 523
_ monstrosa Willd... ... . 483
is rigida Hornem. ..... . 473
Pe Snopiean |b go 6 080 mo 4 474, 479
e, stricta slo bees we. een ee ee 489
Atrema! DC usw Aen ass, 4 es 198
Aulacospermum Ldb. ........ 238
3 anomalum Ldb. . 241, 242
3 cuneatum Ldb. 550
” darwasicum (Lipsky)
Schischk.. . 243
442
Pag.
Aulacospermum gonocaulum M. Pop. 241
7 isetense (Spreng.) :
Schischk.. . 942
" latipennum Pavl. 244
B. multifidum Meinsh. 242
a pratense Korov. 245
. roseum Korov.. . . . 243
% rupestre M. Pop. . 241, 243
% simplex Rupr. . . . 243
4, tenuilobum Meinsh. 242
9 tenuisectum Korov. 243
s tianschanicum (Korov.)
C. Norman. 245
\ turkestanicum (Franch.)
‘ Schischk.. . 244
Balansaea Boiss. et Reut. .... . 94.
Bellia Bubani "hii are 94.
30 ulemulen/asBubaniwe ere ee 108
Berula WHotfim. sey ae ee 458, 463
Berula Hoffm:. .. . -4-050— eee 466
» angustifolia Mert. et Koch 467
x 4 Boisson 467
» erecta (Huds.) Coville . 466
» » lancifoliad Bessy. eee 464
» monspeliensium Bubani. . . . 466
+ orientalis Wioron)) | oe 467
Biasolettias Bertola) ae oe 93
y nodosa Bertol.. .... . 93
Bifora: Hoffm:: 4 i> Si4 27 ae Se 198
3 dicoccamtiotimea nee 201
a flosculosa M. B. =... =. - 201
a Golickeana K.-Pol .... . 195
W radiansyMadB2.. (2 eee 202
2 testicularis Bub... .. . 201
a testiculata (L.) DC..... . 201
Biforis flosculosa Spreng... ... . 201
~~ testiculataRotht-ei eee 202
ms Fs Spreng’ Wee wee 201
Biformisdoprenge went ene 198
Brassiopsis ricinifolia Seem... . . . 22
Bubon buchtormensis Fisch. . . . . - 473
» cuneifolius Spreng... .. . . 516
» dichotomus Link ..... . . 514
*, eriocephalus|Pall.-4.4: (.)- 7) 518
Sweeper ke... eee 497
» peucedanifolius Spreng.: . - 502
‘i mbgidtors Spreng.» -) -)eaukeenns 514
» Yrigidus var B. Spreng. .. . - 514
” ” » ‘{. peucedanifolius
Spreng. 502
Bulbocastanum Adans.
Bulbocastanum (Adans.) DC.,
Buniomorfa K.-Pol.,
Sulbgemmae isis ucm)
sect. Caroides DC.
, Leucobunium Calest.
Sect. I Carum Godr.
» | Leucobunium Calest.-. -
acaule M. B.
alaicum Wolff
angreni Korov.
wil) ten nee lve!) men) ce:
ewe! ter sialniie,
aromaticum L.. . - - -
badghysi Korov.. - - - :
Bourgaei (Boiss.) Freyn et Sint.
var. cataonicum Boiss.
is » Huetii Boiss.- -
bulbocastanum L.
buriaticum Drude. . 5
capillifolium Kar. et Kir.. -
Capusii (Franch.) Korov.
”
Cue Onth Owe
Cassium Boiss. ----++-:-:°
chaerophylloides (Rgl. et
Schmalh.) Drude
cylindraceum Freyn. --- - -
cylindricum (Boiss. et Hoh.)
Drude .-
i ssp. Badghysi Ko-
YOV. -
» » longipes Wolff .
5 var. minor Freyn
elegans (Fenzl) Freyn
i var. Noéanum Boiss.. -
ol iepiifel elon ie
purpurascens
(Boiss.) Korov. -
» » typicum Wolff. . .-
Falcaria M. B.....-.- -
ferulaefolium Desf. .-..-.- -
ferulaceum Sibth. et Sm... -
si var. brachycarpum.
” ”
Boiss. -
filipesFreyn et Conrath. . .- .
fragrantissimum K.-Pol. .
glaucescens DC. ..--.-.--:
gypsaceum Korov. ...-.- - -
hissaricum Korov.
intermedium Korov.. - -
Korshinskyi Wolff
kuhitangi Nevski .-..- - - 408,
longipes Freyn .-- +--+: -
os var. brachycarpum
Freyn
ary erie og KP peel M EIS Ae
- 400,
408,
443
Bunium longipes var. depressum Korov. -
Benlearetupus K.-Pol.,
Fs » ellipsoideum Freyn
» minus Freyn .-
Hier M. B.
majus M. B.
microcarpum (Boiss.) Freyn et
Sint. .
Noéanum (Boiss.) G. Woron.
paucifolium DC.
persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. 397,
persicum K.-Pol.
peucedanoides M. B.
salsum Korov.
scabrellum Korov.- - - - - 407,
seravschanicum Korov.
setaceum Wolff. ...----
sogdianum Wolff ......- -
Temskyanum Freyn et Sint. . -
trichophyllum Wolff
turkestanicum Wolff. . -
vaginatum Korov.- ---- - -
subgen.
Bupleurum L..---------- >
abchasicum Manden.
aenigma K.-Pol.
affine Sadl.
var. breviradiatum
(Rehb.) K.-Pol.
virgatum (Rchb.)
K.-Pol.
Aitchisonii (Boiss.) Wolff .
altaicum Pall.
Oks Oey GS
”
” ”
ex Roem. et
Schult. .
angulosum L.. ..... -
angustifolium Ldb.. - .-
apiculatum Frivaldsky. . .
arcticum K.-Pol.
aristatum Ldb.
asperuloides Heldr.. -. .-
ot ues! vey ut epaiaye
a. strictum
Fenzl . .
. 8. laxum Fenzl
”
asperuloides K.-Pol.
aureum Fisch.
. 295, 216,
a f. “dows Kryl.
badachschanicum Linez. 318,
baldense M.B.... .- .- 324,
* 8. multicaule Ldb.
8 kh. oeneum Boiss.
bicaule Helm
IBoIssienialeost ciel
Pag.
409
409
408
416
407
410
402
403
404
400
495
411
597
405
217
400
410
413
401
399
287
275
332
348
338
339
Pag.
Bupleurum brachiatum C. Koch. . - -
» im var. depaupera-
tum K.-Pol.
” » var. genuinum
K.-Pol.
3 brachyactis K.-Pol. ...- -
5 breviradiatum Rgl. . . 289,
0 of Wettst.. . .
Bs cernuum Ten....... .-
35 chimaera K.-Pol. ... .- -
= chinense)) Caeser neon:
x Columnae Guss.....-.- -
ie commutatum Boiss. et Bal. .
» . var. pseudopa-
chnospermum K.-Pol.. -
5 cuspidatum Bge.. ... - -
ezimganicum Lincz. 316,
s dahuricum F. et M.. .. .
x densiflorum Rupr. . . . 276,
ui dichotomum Stev. . 337,
Be Dielsianum Wolff .... .
i divaricatum K.-Pol.
Bs diversifolium Roch.
Hs exaltatum Grossh.. .. . -
. M. B. 276, 277, 324,
» Ldb. se PS13!
falcatum Boiss. ..... .
sate Kom. et Alis. . .-
M Ldb. 308, 312, 313,
faleatum) (ae )—) te 2717,
falcaturm NeeBy = = = = 6 =
a ANC, 6 0 0 0 9 0 oO
faleatum ssp. Aitchisonii
: Ke=Poleeee
us ssp. bicaule var. «.
verum K.-Pol. .
Hf ssp. bicaule var. 8.
angustifolium K.-Pol. .
hs ssp. bicaule var. v.
pusillum K.-Pol. .
as ssp. diversifolium
K.-Pol. .
eufalcatum
Wolff .
eufalcatum
s ssp.
” b})
var. genuinum Wolff .
i ssp. eufalcatum var.
scorzonerifolium
Wolff . 310, 313,
mm ssp. eufalcatum var.
«. occidentale
K.-Pol. .
340
341
341
341
319
338
329
337
338
324
308
289
327
322
312
320
315
310
312
322
322
323
310
311
310
320
310
444
Pag
Bupleurum falcatum ssp. eufalcatum var.
8. rossicum K.-Pol.. 310
: 4 ssp. eufalcatum
var. bicaule
Wolff - 322
» ssp. eufalcatum
var. polymorphum Wolff 313
% = ssp. eufalcatum var.
euexaltatum Wolff . 324, 327
% 7 ssp. eufalcatum
var. persicum Wolff . 307
” ssp. eufalcatum
var. 8. linearifolium Wolff . 324
» > ssp. eufalcatum
var. linearifolium f. 3. Lip-
skyanum K.-Pol. . 327
0 ~ ssp. flexuosum
K.-Pol. . 309, 315
” » » persicum
K.-Pol. . 307
” ” » persicum var.
Nordmannianum
K.-Pol. . 307
” ” ssp. persicum var.
densiflorum
K.-Pol. . 303, . 330
” ” » persicum var.
densiflorum
f. 1. kokani-
cumK.-Pol.. 303
” » persicum var.
densiflorum
f. 2. tianscha-
nicum
K.-Pol. 330
%» iS _ polyphyllum
Wolff sn rials
is a » scorzonerifoli-
um K.-Pol.. 320
var. latifolia
Trautv. . . 312
var. linearifolia
Trautv. 324
var. oblongi-
folia Tra-
UbV a eareunnt 314
var. oblongi-
folium Tra-
MiS% 0 6 oO © 316
Pag.
Bupleurum falcatum var. 8.exal-
tatum Briq.. 324
var. 8.scor-
zoneraefolium Ldb. . 320
flexuosum Ldb. ..... . 308
By Manden. .... 315
% MuPops., ..2. 2. S15
fruticosum L. ..... 276, 333
Gaudini Woloszez.. . .. . 297
GerardisvAM 398 ayes oe 334
HEC see acer ey eee eee 338
i INGE are aha 340
an ssp commutatum
K.-Pol. .. 337
4 ss eugerardii
Ke Polen soe
Gerardii ssp. eugerardii var.
breviradiatum
Rehb. . . 338, 339
i » eugerardii var.
virgatum
Rehb. . . 338, 339
glaucum Rob. et Cast... . 346
gracile (M. B.) DC... . . 345
» ff. filiforme Wolff . 346
7s f. humile C.Koch.. 346
7 f. rossicum Wolff . 346
gulezense O. et B. Fedtsch. 200
heterophyllum Link . . . . 286
jeholense Nakai. ..... 320
junceum)M. Bs .)... - . 338, 341
ms Ball ePstag etic. 5) a 327
Kirillowigwurezsj..- 2 = « - 320
kokanicum Rgl. et Schmalh. 303
Komarovianum Lincz. . . . 319
Koso-Poljanskyi Grossh.. . 331
Kotschyanum Boiss. .. . . 324
Krylovianum Schischk. . 309, 315
fe f. intermedi-
um Kryl. . . 316
llamceolatum lease te) a 286
lancifolium Hornem.. .. . 286
5 var. longifolium
Hayek ... 286
E, var. heterophyl-
lum Thellung 286
latifolium Freyn .... . 308
leptocladum K.-Pol.. . . . 341
Leveillei Boissieu. . ... . 289
linearifolium DC...... 324
» 8. Kotschya-
num Boiss.. 324
445
Pag.
Bupleurum Lipskyanum (K.-Pol.) Lincz. 327
Enpskyi Woltfes on mess 340
longicaule Wall... ... . 300
e var. himalayense
Wolff. 297
longifolrum Law wene) ae
5 var. %. viride
Wolff . 295
” » 8. aureum
Wolff. 295
e » Y. violaceum
K.-Pol. . 295
longiinvolucratum Kryl. . . 299
longiradiatum Turcz. 287, 289, 320
B var. breviradi-
atum
F. Schmidt. 287, 288
289, 320
» var. & genui-
num Wolff. - 287
iD 8. , breviradia-
tum Rgl.“ . . 289
z var. 8. brevi-
radiatum
Wolffe s9
marginatum Wall. .... . 275
Marschallianum C. A. M. . 345
Martjanovii Kryl. .... . 329
multinerve DC. . . . . 276, 297
" 8. angustius DC. 308
multinerve Ldb....... 308
5 Wolfie gk loko. 308
- auctun wee ues 289
neglectum Cesati .... . 329
nervosum Boiss. et Buhse . 312
% Trewvirs Wau. 297
Nordmannianum Ldb. . . . 307
oblongifolium Kryl.. . . . 315
occidentale (K.-Pol.) Man-
den. 310
octoradiatum Bge.. . . 320, 322
oroboides (Sosnan tne 312
pauciradiatum Fenzl ex
Boiss. . 357, 34]
5 var. Kotschy-
anum K.-Pol. 342
é var. leptocla-
dum K.-Pol. 342
var. Wolffia-
num (Bornm.)
K.-Poll . . . 342
Bupleurum pekinense Franch. . 320, 322
5 polymorphum Alb. .-. . 313
& polyphyllum K.-Pol. .. . 313
” ” var. exiguum
Kes-Poletes ne SON
3 polyphyllum Ldb. . ... . 312
3 A var. 8. steno-
phyllum Boiss. 313
55 var. yY. steno-
phyllum
MoelPoll.. goo oc 313
4 procumbens Desf. . 345
4 protractum Hoffgg. et Link
B. heterophyl-
lum Boiss. . 286
> pseudocroceum Wolff .. . 285
* purpureum Blankinship - . 303
s pusillum Koy) 6. 2. - = 323
ranunculoides Pall. ... .- 297
”
Rel. et Herd. . 330
ranunculoides L. . 298, 300,
308
mormnicinlloeles Ib, 6 0 0 5 0 6 298
, var. longiinvo-
lucratum
K.-Pol. . 299
, » OO genul-
num Godr. 298
%. genui-
num
Kes olen ecor
a. triradia-
tum Rgl.. 301
8. multi-
nerve
KeePoleeee Zor
298
8. oblon-
gifolium
ILglib, 6 s SU
B. oblon-
gum Rgl.. 301
8. sibiri-
cum
C. A. M. 297
8 .triradia-
tum Wolff 301
triradia-
tum f. 1
oblongum
Wolff . . 303
446
Pag.
Bupleurum ranunculoides 8. arcticum
Rel 302
Rischavii Alb. .... . 290, 295
Rischawianum Alb. 290
rossicum (K.-Pol.) Woron. 310
A var. macrolema
Woron.. 311
rotundifolium Boiss... . - 285
rotundifolium L.. . . . 277, 283
: var. %. opa-
cum K.-Pol. 284
% var. @. niti-
dum K.-Pol. 284
sachalinense F. Schmidt. . 289
sachalinense Sugawara. . . 287
scorzonerifolium Willd. 276, 310,
320
semicompositum L. . 347
var. glau-
cum Wolff. 347
> var. pseudo-
odontites
(Rouy) Wolff 347
» a. glaucum
Wolff - 2 2 346
sibirieum Vest ..... . 308
Sibthorpianum Sm. 329
Sosnovskyi Manden.. . . 314
subovatum Link var. B. he-
terophyllum Wolff . 286
subpinnatum dbs \ = ane 386
sulphureum Boiss. et Bal. 348
sulphureum K.-Pol. 348
tenuissimume) Cae) ene 349
tenuissimum L. .. . - 277, 344
Fe ssp. gracile
Wolff 345
» » eutenuissi-
mum Wolff 344
3 var. genuinum
Godr. 344
+ f. brevibractea-
tum Wolff 345
tianschanicum Freyn. . . 330
triradiatum Adans. 2 201
- v. alpinum Rupr. 303
2 a. Adamsii
K.-Pol. 202
= 8. humilis
Rupr.. . . 303
a %. ajanense
K.-Pol. 303
Pag.
Bupleurum triradiatum 8. arcticum
K.-Pol. . . 303
5 a » Kar.etKir. 303
ds A O. et B.
Fedtsch. 303
a 2 Ldb. 303
5 Vvedenskyi Manden. . 307
B Wittmannii Stev. ..... 285
i i. f. obtusissimum
K.-Pol. 285
Bs i f. acuminatum
K.-Pol. 286
. Wolffianum Bornm. . . 341, 342
#5 Woronowli Manden.... . 327
Butinia glaucescens Boiss. ..... . 213
Cachrydium Sieversii C. A. Mey. . 362, 363
Cachrys pO Coc rem ee er es 254
A GAC aul isi Temp te eu.) cot 265
i alataaN. Beer fects is a 265
5 alipinagiic@ Semen ieee ean mes 257
* ammophila &.-Pol.. .... . 260
amplifoliasedbs es 6) 6 fe. 253
= athamantoides M. B..... . 470
2 Creticaylam. 2) ee Sh 251
BS Crisnombers tema ts oc canes 252
3 cryptodiscus K.-Pol. .... . 262
3 didumanhwnylerrs (es . . - - 262
5) seseloidesm@MenB. | «2 catia 362
= tauricag Meu ie eiacesn i 358, 363
= wapinatamld elec ell 196
Cacosciadinm (Rchb.) Schischk., sect. . 127
Campestria Wolff, sect. .......- 76
CareuniyAGanseyeiiey oiieiien <0 vere 385
Caroides Boiss.,sect.. .......-. 132
Caropodium Stapf et Wettst.. .... 123
3 armenum (Bordz.) Schischk. 123
meoides Stapf et Wettst.. 124,
125
447
Caropodium platycarpum (Boiss. et
Hausskn.) Schischk. . 124
Carum®Baillcn oe ee er ee 422
. (Aegopodium) Baill... ... . 451
Carnme nis "We 9 es 385
Carum subgen. Mesocarum, sect. Trago-
des, ser. Aphanopleura
K.-Pol. 365
» » fFusiformia Drude . . . 386
6 » Trachyspermum Benth. 378
s » | Eucarum Boiss. . 385, 386
i » Il Bulbocastanum Koch 401
5 I Petroselinum Benth. .... . 373
7 acaule Ke-Poltam<. (are a ee A21
3 Ajowan Benth. et Hook. 379
e aloicume Lipskyiey an ee eee 210
; allioides hranchet 4 eis eee 212
5 alpestredke Roles war cn en 457
3 alpinum (M. B.) Benth. et Hook. 388
2 AMmig Sprague) ee oe ene 379
© Anisume Ee anlliaea nie 2 ee er 445
fs Aphanopleurae K.-Pol. 366
%s Q“MenumPBOISS-y seen te 394
5 aromaticumm\.-Holesame eee i 440
- 5 Salliglds “dieavée g 60 386
= atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir.. . 395
5 bulbocastanum var. heterophyl-
lum O. Ktze.. 401
is bupleuroides Schrenk .... . 414
iP buriaticum Turez........ 395
2 ‘Bourgaci Boissaae sew 409
. capillifolium K.-Pol. .... . 367
5 Capusii-hranchs.-) eee 401
2 CanVin lees oe Come tr een runs 386
= carvi Y.nanum DC...... . 395
5 caucasicum (M. B.) Boiss.. . . 393
> chaerophylloides Rg]. et Schmalh. 400
5 confusum O. Fedtsch..... . 400
= copticum C. B. Clarke. ... . 379
- crinitum) K.-Pol, @ 2.) =): 540
f cylindricum Boiss. et Hoh. 411
2 decussatum Gilib. ....... 386
; eloganseenzimrrm ie ener 402
% vy. Junceum Boiss. . . 403
z a Riolitis teen eee 401
; Falcaria Lange: =... 20 =: 383
. falcarioides Boiss. et Buhse . . 402
E ferulaefolium Boiss... .... . 407
; gracile Zinger." 2 sn ee 401
3 graveolens K.-Pol.. ...... 371
i Grossheimii Schischk. . ... . 394
5 heterophyllum Rgl. et Schmalh. 404
Carum humile Boiss. et Bal. ..... 393
3 indicum var. alpestris Herd.. . 395
ie inodorum Siev. .......-. 396
S Komarovii Karjag. ...... 392
5 Korolkowii Lipsky. ...... 379
< Korshinskyi Lipsky ...... 216
5 leptocladum Aitch. et Hemsl. 366
* leucocoleon §. porphyrocoleon
Freyn et Sint. . 388
S lomatocarum Boiss. ..... . 388
is “ var. filifolium
Somm. et Lev. . 388
5 lutescens, Turez. 3s: «, «4.2 ) 3, 551
magnum Baill. ........ 431
ss meifolium (M. B.) Boiss... . . 394
5 Noéanum Boiss......... 402
‘ officinale S. F. Gray ..... 386
. persicum Boiss. oy. 2). sss 404
. Petroselinum Benth. ..... . 374
5 var. crispum Beck. 374
> pousedanivetnns K.-Pol. 432
5 Podagraria Roth... «= - - 455
® porphyrocoleum(Fr. et Sint.)Wor. 388
. purpurascens Boiss. ...... 402
s rosellum Woron......... 386
eS saxicolum Alb. ........ 391
5 Saxinaga Balle cea ee 427
9 setaceum Schrenk....... 217
5 simplexiStephs ci. . . sae.) e 490
2 Sisarum Baill.” . 2. =-... 2. 464
» sogdianum Lipsky....... 400
4 sulcatum Steud... ....... 561
. trachycarpum K.-Pol. .... . 366
- trichophyllum Schrenk. . . . . 413
= turkestanicum Lipsky ... . . 401
Carvi Berns secede ss ee 560
Bue MIN ercsta ts ia oh ia sev cp ae weg ce, 385
CarnvigbC.r sect. Sec ae ees ee ee 386
EEC aTeummbubanicmeen ie oon en 387
CarvifoliayVilli;: uy sigs el ee 560
Caucalisil.. 3) oives cee oe. ests oe 172
5 subgen. Turgenia Drude. . . 174
ss sect. Eucaucalis Drude 172
» Sect. IV Torilis Celak. 153
e aequicolorum All. ..... . 138
. Anthriscus Huds. ..... . 155
> arvensis FAUGSiah co) ey ieee 159
S aspera, Lamson «sg ee ae 155
; Bischoffii K.-Pol.. .... . 173
Bs daucoides L.. ...... 172, 183
» = 8. muricata Gr. et
Gord. . 173
448
Caucalis grandiflora L.. .......
= helvetica Jacq. .......
~ heterophylla Schmalh.. . . .
: hordeicarpa Makaschvili . . .
» humilis Jacq... ......
» infesta Curtis. .......
5 japonica Houtt........
x lappula (Web.) Grande .. .
: latifolia Li. (.4. 3 a0 Soe
6 leptophylla Lao . 2. ee
is littotalis (M.B: <.\:40 oe ee
Z microcarpa Hook. et Arn.. .
- microcarpa Schmalh.
5 muricata Bischoff ..... .
> neglecta Schmalh.. .... .
5 nodiflora Lams). -yepeae eae
- nodosa Crantz. .......
es orientalis Lecco 2 ee
o parviflora Lam........
. platycarpos L....... 172,
2 pulcherrima Willd. .....
5 pumila’ Lam.) 4. e.aeeeeee
. purpurea; Ten:)~.-, asiatica (L.) Urban . ... .
P villosa L423 a8 Se ee
Cephalopanax Baill. .........
5 sessiliflorum Baill. . . .
Cephalopanax (Baill.) Harms, sect. . .
Cerefolium Hall. ...........
Cerefolium (Rchb.) Schischk., sect. . .
. Anthriscus Beck. . ... .
a Cerefolium Britt. . ... .
Cerefolium nitidum Cel... ...- - 128, 131
2 sativum Bess. ...... - 136
s silvestre Bess... +... - 128
9 5 B. nitidum Beck. . 131
trichospermum Bess. . . - - 137
= vulgare Bub. ...--.-- 138
Chaerophylloides Korov., subgen.. . . 217
Chaerefolium Hall... .--+--+-++-:- 125
5 sect. Cacosciadium Thell. 127
> » Cerefolium Thell. 136
: Cerefolium Schinz et
Thell. . 136
a. trichosper-
mum Schinzet
Thell. . 137
» - 8. sativum
Thell. . 136
zs nemcrosum Bornm. 127
B nitidum Domin. .. . - 132
: silvestre Schinz et Thell. . 128
B » ssp. alpestre var.
nitidum
Thell. 132
4 3 » nemorosum
Thell. 127
. Anthriscus Schinz et
Thell. - 138
Chaerophyllum Krause ..--+-+-- 94
Chaerophyllum L..-...-.-.-.-- 94
7 sect. Cacosciadium
Rehb. . 127
5 » PhysocaulisDC. 93
. angelicaefolium
GPAs Me. TH
és angelicifolium M. B. 110
s Anthriscus Crantz . 138
+. aristatum Thunb. 149
ss aromaticum L. 99
o astrantiae Boiss... - - 104
© aqureum Le ee 108
i : Schmalh. 100
i ssp. maculatum
Hand.-Mazz. 100
5 A var. maculatum
Boiss. 100
» » «@. glabriusculum
Ldb. . 100
” > caucasicum
Fisch. . 100
= Biebersteinii Lag. et
Sweet. 117
5 Bobrovii Schischk. 115, 591
60115 1 449
Chaerophyllum Borodinii Alb... .
Pag.
107
brachycarpum M. B. 102
bulbosum Boiss. 114
* Ldb. 116
bulbosum L.... . 113
2 var. bra-
chycarpum
Lipsky . . 114
P var. Cauca-
sicum
Hoffm. 114
» var. hirsu-
tissimum
Kuntze . 116
2 var. nor-
male
Kuntze . 113
i var. Pres-
cottii Lin-
dem... . 116
» var. typi-
cum Lin-
dem. . 113
caucasicum
Fisch. . 114
cadonense Spreng... . . 131
caucasicum (Fisch.)
Schischk. . 114
Cerefolium Crantz. . . 136
cerefolium b. trichosper-
mum Aschers. . 137
cicutaria Vill. . 100
confusum Woron. 111
crinitum Boiss. 112
Cyminum Fisch... . . 119
geniculatum Gilib. 108
ghilanicum Stapf et
Wettst. . 100
4 Grossh. .
gracile Bess. ..- .- - 119
hirsutum Ldb.. .. . - 100
' ssp. Cicutaria
(Gaud.) Thell. . 100
. var. Cicutaria
Gaud.. 100
hispidum Thunb... - - 155
humile Stev. .- -- - 101
khorossanicum Czer-
njak. - 108, 590
kiapazi Woron. . - 102, 590
lasiolaenum Boiss. et
Bal... 110
Chaerophyllum Jongilobum B. Fedtsch. .
Ld
Chaetosciadium Boiss.
”
macrospermum (Willd.)
Fisch. et Mey. .
maculatum Willd... .
Meyeri Boiss. et Buhse
millefolium DC... . .-
neglectum Zing. . .
nemorosum M. B. . :
nitidum Wahl... .. .
nodosum Crantz. . . .
odoratum Crantz. . . .
ortostylum Trautv.. .
palustre. glabrum Lam.
Pecten-Veneris Crantz .
pinnatifidum Poir.. - .«
polonicum Jastrz.
Prescottii DC.
rapaceum Alef. ... -
. Prescottii
Alef. .
roseum M. B..... .
albiflorum
Schischk. .
millefolium
(DC.)
Schmalh.
millefolium
Schmalh.
rubellum
K.-Pol. . .
rostratum Lam. :
rubellum Alb... .. .
3 var. colchicum
Lipsky .
s var.
af var.
”» »
out alnathe tie 2k ie
scabrum Thunb... .
Schmalhauseni Alb.
silvestre L.
silvicola Lipsky .. . -
- var. minor
Lipsky .
el, eh el ke lef ie!
sphallerocarpum Kar. et
Kir. .
temulentum L..... .
temuloides Boiss.
temulum L...... .
tenuifolium Stev. .. .-
trichospermum Schult. -
tumidum Gilib. ... .
trichospermum Boiss.
Pag.
118
109
99
111
102
113
127
131
93
150
110
100
141
146
131
116
113
116
102
103
103
103
108
141
104
104
137
136
155
135
128
110
110
118
108
112
108
102
137
128
39
39
450
Chamaesciadium C. A. M.......
a acaule (M. B.) Boiss.
; albifloruam Kar. et
Kir. .
> = var. caule-
scens Tra-
utv. ...
” 2 var. suba-
caulis Tra-
uty. - = -
: flavescens C. A. M. .-
Chrysophyton Lincz., subsect.
Chrysophora DC., sect. .......
Celeri graveolens Britt... ......
Cenolophium scoticum Car. ..... .
Ceramocarpus Wittst.. ........
Cicutash. soc So eee
» . Amomum, CrantzZ): = 2). 02 ane
» angustifolia Kit.) 2) oe eee
jin aguatica, Dum. ce) eee ae
we .cellulosa, Giltb., (> =e seer
> ~Gunanium, Narg:). 1-0
» @ahurica Fisch. - °° 32 ee
») datifolia Crantz 2 |) e een
>» . maculata Lam...) soe
ty majors Lam... ck 7 ene
gpnodifloraCrantz)— ee
» Officinalis Crantz ~-y-ee
» orientalis Deg. et Bald. . . - -
seawpamila. Behm...) | 0)
» sachalinensis Koidz..... .- -
SIMENSIS) LUCCs. elena nena
, tenuifolia Froel.- : - = = = 29.
seh wirosa “lit ls 5 eee oe
“ » var. classica K.-Pol.
- . , latisecta Celak.
x s » tenuifolia (Froel.)
Koch.
Cicutaria .Lam. @ +... 4°) SR eaeee
. Moench.....3, 3. = 2h ee
' aquatica Wane © ee
wf virosa Delarb. ...... -
CnidiamCuss, »:..}- shaw eo eee
e ajanense (Rgl. et Til.) Drude .
anomalum Ldb....... -
is argenteum Cesati .....- -
> carvifollum M. B.....-.- -
» chinense Spreng. .--.-.- -
enidiifolium (Turcz.) Schischk.
5 cuneatum Ldb. .....-- -
3 dahuricum (Jacq.) Turez. ex
Fisch. et Mey. -
Pag.
Cnidium dubium (Schkuhr) Thell.. . . 552
E, b var. ferulaceum (DC.)
Thell. . 553
2 Fischeri Spreng... ..... 583
- Grossheimii Manden.. ... . 558
E; meifolium M.B....... . 394
= microcarpum Turez. .... . 559
5 Monnieri (L.) Cuss..... . 559
5 multicaule (Turez.) Ldb.. . . 551
S myrtifollium M.B...... . 571
s orientale Boiss. ....... 557
e palusirevikenbe s (- 6 8 24. 6) 552
s pauciradiatum Somm. et Lev. 558
5 pratense Bubani....... 547
. salinum Turez. ....... 553
5 silaifolium var. orientale Ha-
lascy . 557
3 Silgus MigBo. se eee ess 346
ie - SPHEMMe eran es cons 547
i striatum dunrcz) |. oye ee 550
> Tilingia Takeda. - ..... 554
es Wenosuu DOr ee a. hues 393
= bs Keone nro irre: fait rs 552
” : WBcinees te re tes cali ces 553
3 cnidiifolium Porsild. .. . . 552
Conioselinum Dawsonii Coult. et Rose. 552
: z ayoides Wess, 3...) 552
Comme eee ees ee ee eS 225
as Cicuta Neck or. ea Se 225
oe croaticum Waldst. et Kit. . . 225
e maculatum L..... ya 7 a YA |
> TOCHLOSUIMUs taller aie) flatts 235
= ReGen lester sce nk wrieh ee 170
iD es Waa ay, cine con cole eeyks 172
Conopodium,Koch.. . - . - . - .< 389, 396
- allioides Rgl. et Schm. . 212
5 Cyminum Benth. et Hook. 119
> hirtulum Rgl. et Schm.. . 214
3 longilobum K.-Pol.. . . . 118
7 Olgaemhe-Poley ec. sue oi 420
5 rotundifolium Benth. et
Hook. . 450
3 trichophyllum Korov. 413
Coriaceal God, sect. = =... .- = 287
5 (Godr.) K.-Pol., subsect.. . 333
Coriandreae Koch, trib. ....... 184
Goriandrum Eo. 3s se 184
5 Crcnfag@rantz 4) oe 225
: BM MIN OL is: fe ies, Se Bess 377
7 Cynapium Crantz .. . 539
Bs didymum Stokes... . . 201
5 diversifolium Gilib. . . . 185
451
Pag.
Coriandrum globosum Salisb..... . 185
= latifolium Crantz. ... . 459
i. maculatum Roth... . . 225
. majus Gouan. .-.... 185
a melphitense Ten. et Guss.. 185
2 radians Prantl ..... . 202
rs Sativumiles ete oes ol 8 ee 185
testiculare Salisb. ... . 201
3 testiculatum L.. . . . 201, 202
2 setifolium K.-Pol. 192
Corion Hoffmgg. et Link. ...... 198
. testiculatum Hoffmgg. et Link - 20
Corymbosae Korov., sect. ..... - 220
Gritamus) Besse se et ee 382
5 agreshisibessaeicn ee eee 383
: dahuricus Hoffm..... . - 460
4 Halkgciiar IRQNN5 0-5 6 6 6 oe 383
Crithmum 0 ee eS ee ee ee 463
5 nevahorntin Igo 6 6 6 8 ce 468
2 mediterraneum M.B.. . . . 583
5 Silaqus Wibelee. = yen ee 542
Cryptodiscus Schrenk ........ 260
ie ammophilus Bge. . . . . 260
. arenarius Schischk. . 263, 594
Bs cachroides Schrenk. . 262
nm didymus (Rgl.) Korov. . 261
Z Karelini Lipsky. . . . . 262
; rutaefolia Bge.....- - 262
Cryptotaenia DC. .....-.-...-. 380
s Flahaultii (Woron.)
K.-Pol. 380
Cuminian |p He Gmelicg. as en 369
- cyminum, Jere) Gmele > - =) - 369
CGumminiHillicieec JCS. hen Eee tons 369
Crminum® [isc35 4 eae cs on ie oe 369
Cuminumdelilly a a eee esa 369
L. emend. sect. I] Cuminum
1. Karrabadion K.-Pol. 369
% IBorsczouii Keowee ee 166
5 crinitum K.-Pol. ..... . 166
Ls Cyminum B. Fedtsch.. . . . 165
- *§ Leven Venda ouckes 369
S ) a. sctosum Boiss. . 165
a odorum Salisb.. ..... . 369
5 officinale Garsault. ... .- 369
F, setifolium K.-Pol. ... .- - 165
Cyminon’ St.-Lager™ eee ee 369
s longeinvolucratum St.-Lager 369
Cynapium Rivini Rupr... -..-.-.-- - 539
Cyssopetalum Turez. .-..-.-. - 526, 536
D javanicum Turez. - 2 37
DanaavAlls 2. sewms iy eos hr eae os
cornubiensis Grossh.. ... . . 223
. denaensis (B. Fedtsch.)
Schischk. . 224, 593
5 nudicaulis (M. B.) Grossh.. . 223
Ducilegaa IX 3 oe ee be 526, 536
: (DC.) Benth. et Hook., sect. 536
is Drude, subgen.. . .... . 536
> Japonicum Mig... ..... - 537
é Javanicum Miq. Js @ 936
fp latifolium Lindl. ..... . 536
a stoloniferum var. japonica
Maxim. . 537
s) subpinnatum Mig. ... . . 536
Dasyspermum Necker ...... - 93, 153
Danucalis tome a eiee-e- 153, 163
5 (Pomel) Schischk., subgen. . 103
3 leptophylla Pomel. .... .- 163
Daucus sect. Caucalis Baill. .... . 172
2 » Heteracanthion Celak.. . 183
P w sOrlayaxGelakt.§. 2. = 182
oO » eHorillig ale ss 6 6° o 153
5 anisodorus Blanco. ..... - 379
is Anthriscus Baill. ...... .- 155
2 atropatanus Stev...-..--.- - 170
6 bessarabicus DC. ......- - 171
” Caucalis E. H. L. Krause. . - 172
5 coplicusslameuen ian eile Cen 379
2 crinitus O. Ktze.. ..... .- 166
5 Golickeanus Rgl. et Schmalh.. 195
* grandiflorus Scop. ..-...- - 182
6 55 var. fypicus Fiori
et Paol.. 182
B Injestus: Kerauses-) ieee 160
5 appulaiWwebr ee eo ne eZ
2 latifolius Baill... ......- 174
7 leptophylla Scop.. ..+...- - 163
5 microcarpus E. H. L. Krause . 156
; nodosa E. H. L. Krause 162
55 platycarpus Golan 2. a 183
, platycarpos Scop... -..-.- - 172
ss persicustDoisssieh eye) 9 - 170
0 pulcherrimus Koch .... - - 170
= Royeniawailie:) 2). eee 172
+5 setifolius Kuntze ....-.-.- - 165
. Turgenia E. H. L. Krause . . 174
i Visnagablivd ceratuscbes oe ial 382
DerimgawAdans ae ern 380
i Flahaultii K.-Pol.. .... . 380
Deverra Korolkowii Rgl. et Schmalh. . 379
Diaphyllum triradiatum Adams. . . 301
Diatirayem |Dirmoris oc 6 ss a6 6 6 8% 283
452
Pag.
Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol., subgen. 283
Dimorphanthus Miq. ......... 25
b Migq:.,sect... « 5 «age 25
; edulismMiqpasa meee 31
‘ elatus Miqg. ..... . 25
5 » Rgl. et Maack. . 27
4 mandschuricus Rupr. et
Maxim.. 27
Drepanophyllum Hoffm. ....... 458
5 Wiabeli icc eee 382
- agreste Hoffm. 383
z Falcaria Desv. Mee oes
i latifolium K.-Pol.. . . 459
3 lineare K.-Pol. 460
x luteum Eichw. 416
i medium K.-Pol.. . . 465
i palustre Hoffm. ... . 459
¥ sioides Wib.. .... . 383
Echinopamax Dene. et Planch. .. . . 17
elatum Nakai ..... . 18
> horridum Dene. et Planch. 18
5 horridus Harms .... . 18
s japonicum Nakai 18
Echinop hoya ge) eae 88
+ caspia, DC.) 24 see 253
> tenuifolia M. B.. ...-+ 90
bs e var. Sibthorpia-
na Griseb.. 90
5 trichophylla Smith ... 89
* Sibthorpiana Guss. 90
Echinophoreae Benth. et Hook., trib.. 88
Elaeosticta conica Korov.......- - 209
Fs kuramensis Korov..-... .- 211
Eleutherococcus Maxim. ...... .- 20
FS koreanus Nakai . .- 20, 21
senticosus (Rupr. et
Maxim.)
Maxim. 20
x. ye f. inermis
Maxim. 20
Eleutherospermum C. Koch .... . 236
fe chrysanthum Somm.
et Lev. . 236
“ cicutarium (M. B.)
Boiss. . 236
. grandifolium
C. Koch. 236
‘3 lazicum Boiss. et
Bal. . 237
Pa rubellum E. Busch. 237
Elgendia Boiss. «+ 8 coe Sa Oeee 398
Pag.
Elwendia Boiss., sect. .--.-....-. 397
~ (Boiss.) Wolff, sect. 398
Eremodaucus Bge.....-...-.- 250
x Lehmannii Bge. 250
Erioscias Schischk., sect. ...-...- 523
EriotisuD Gaesect) siritsic) 6 = oe 473
EryngiumL......--..--.-.-- 73
a alpinum Pall? 2 2... 85
% amethystinum Gmel. .... 85
cise Vo A-paeuy enn 418
& (Lipsky) Korov., sect... . 418
% fragrantissima Lipsky 418
Gasparrinia peucedanoides Woron.. . . 495
Gaya" GauGs gh ccestexcmc. PER ecw 579
SL mUlircamlis, Schurl-aiwee 1) Aen 580
ie . simplexg GauGh ccucl aony> pads 580
Globocarpusi@ar. . eins - seater) ene: 526
Glumacea Boiss., sect. ........ 347
Glumacea (Boiss.) Wolff, subsect.. . . 334
a Wolff; /subsect... . St bewxae: 347
Golenkinianthe K.-Pol........ 94, 109
Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) Schischk.,
subgen. . 109
os gilanica K.-Pol. 109
i macrosperma K.-Pol. 109
Graminea Boiss., sect. . ....... 334
Grammopetalum C. A. M. ...... 349
Pa Hoffmanni C. A. M.. 355
a Ledebourii C. A. M. 356
Grammosciadium DC. ........ 120
za armenum Bordz. . 123
e Aucheri Grossh.. . . 120
i daucoides DC. 120
. Haussknechtii Boiss. . 123
a meoidesDC... . 109
- platycarpum Boiss. et
Hausskn. . 124
S Szovitsii Boiss. 120
Facnseleras Vag.» ditecM piyimtagy. 6s): 223
Halobia Calest..-sect.ait, iy «eee. meee 86
Halopleura Rgl. et Schmalh. .... .
‘. carioides Rgl. et Schm.. . 564
idaloscias: ETieS +. 4. Seon cles wok 566, 568
Haloscias (Fries) Drude. subgen. 568
. SCOLICUINELaT ICS t- maeomn ae 568
onsenias Lunc7 le) dhe etaaoe SL 566
‘ mongholica Turez. ..... 573
Haplophylla Woron., sect. ...... 87
Hederay ls ce oe) eo cere 1A ot 3
e arborea Garsault ...... 13
ee auriculatayleerma see = ene ee 4
: burgalensisSennen. ..... 14
Fs Canakiensis Wilds.) 28s...) 14
> caucasicaghonte ali) os | 5
a caucasigena Pojark.. . . . 15, 587
454
Pag.
Hedera chrysocarpa Walsh ..... 8, 13
i colhica C. Koch. ...... 5
5 <3 var. fossilis Palib.. .... 4
is f. arborescens Koch. 6
” » £. purpurea Hibb.. . 6
ra 3 f. rhombifolia Boiss. . 5
> 5 f. variegata Koch . . 6
s colchica Tioblex.....0, -eeee 7
” ” » leucocarpa Seem. . 13
” > misscotica hort...) ics
” p » ftaurica Tobler. .. 16
” ” 9” ” hort. Om OemeCe en 17
» % f. angularis Hibb. . . 13
” 5 » deltoidea Hibb. .. 13
» o » digitata Lodd. ... 13
* a » elegantissima Hibb. 13
5 5 » hastata hort. 2)
” » » Lowei C. K. Schn. 13
- 7 » Marginata Hibb. . . 13
59 0 » Ppalmata C. Koch. . 13
x * » tortuosa Hibb.. .. 13
” ” » variegata hort..- . 13
» helix Mi: B. a.) 2 ape 15, 16
5 himalaica, Neblay.a-ae) ene 8
7 lobata'Gilibs.. > 2. eee 10
” Macclurii Heer. ....... eye: 4
5 Macquarii) Meera -) enone 4
macrophylla Hort. ...... 5
5 nepalensis C. Koch ..... 8
Z ochotica Kryst.. ..........-. 4
6 palaeocenica Krassn. ....... G 4
- Pastuchovii G. Woron. q
» poetarum Bertol.. ..... . 8
a poetarum (?) var. faurica Tob-
ler. 16
5 pocticasSalisheiii-le-teaeteee 8
a Primordialis Heer - - - + + + « - 4
Hedera rhombifolia Rupr. ..... .- 5
= robusta Pojark. ......-. 5, 6
6 Roegneriana hort. ..... - 5
cs scotica A. Cheval. 13, 14
7 senticosa Rupr. et Maxim. . 20
te shensiensis Pojark.. ... .- - 7
+ sinensis (Tobl.) Hand.-Mazz. 8
- tauricalC@arre | s-i.0-\- - = 13, 16
Moblent Nakaitcle, ua). <2 75 8
clad tire DamoOvtae ete sie 2 8 ee 372
Fs nodiflorum Dumort. 372
Helosciadium Koch ......... 372
= Falcaria Hegetschw. 383
2 nodiflorum (L.) Koch 372, 468
$s Ruta Cree xls oie 371
4 rutaceum St.-Lager . 371
Herbaralia Nakai, sect... .....-- 31
Hippomarathroidea DC., sect. 513
Hippomarathroides DC., sect.. - - - - 489
Hippomarathrum Hoffmgg. et Link. . 252
= amplifolium Ldb.. . 253
% caspium (DC.) Grossh. 253
> crispum Koch. . - - 252
As ws var. crassilo-
bum Boiss. - 253
a is var. longilo-
bum Boiss. . 254
. Fedtschenkoi Rgl. et
Schmalh. . 272
3 longilobum (DC.) B.
Fedtsch. . 254
_ microcarpum (M. B.)
B. Fedtsch. . 252
+ microcarpum var.
brachylobum Ldb. 253
5 saravschanicum Rgl.
et Schnalh.. 271
Hladnikia cicutaria Boiss. ---+--+-- 236
Hohenackeria Fisch. et Mey. 273
5 armena Tamamsch.. . 274
» bupleurifolia Fisch. et
Mey. - 274
exscapa ey K.-Pol. 274
Hobenackeriene Calest., trib. 5 4183
Hyalolaena Bge.. .---------- 563
i Colliman Conovencn cn 566
=) depauperata Korov. 565
= jaxartica Bge. .---- - 564
3 paniculata Korov. - 565
= Sewerzowi Rgl. et Herd. - 270
turcomanica Korov. 262
Hydrocotyle [Dos ae ee a 57
455
Pag.
Hydrocotyle asiatica L. ....... 60
Pe natansiCyrnae eee Cee 59
Ay ramiflora Maxim. 59
; ranunculoides L. 59
= VAT AIS wees | eianiel ye) nelle 58
Hydrocotyloideae Drude, subfam. . . 57
Hymenolaena DC.........-- 233
3 alpina Schischk. . . . . 235
4 darvasica Lipsky . .. . 243
F Lindleyana Klotsch. 235
: Lindleyana Lipsky .- 234
- = var. buchari-
ca Lipsky 233
” o var. soongo-
rica Lipsky . 233
; NanayNupreees gue 234
ps pimpinellifolia Rupr. 233
Hymenolyma Korov......-.-.-- 413
% bupleuroides (Schrenk)
Korov.. 414
z scariosum Korov. 413
» trichophyllum (Schrenk)
Korov.. 413
Isophyllum baldense Hoffm...... . 327
a Gerardii Hoffm...... : 334
is junceum Bess. - ; 338
Johrenia seseloides K.-Pol. .....- . 362
5 Sieversii K.-Pol. .....- - 362
jJuncea Briq., subsect. -.--..-- > 5 Sey
By Wolffe subsect.. (ie chi-ie acai 334
Kalopanax Miq..---+---+-+--+-- 21
Ps autumnalis Koidz. 22
» pictum Nakai. ....- - - 22
i ricinifolium Miq...-.- - - 22
D septemlobum (Thunb.)
Koidz.. 22
i is var. magnifi-
cum (Nakai)
Pojark. 23
“a = var. Maximo-
wicezil (Koehne)
Pojark. 22
_ ; var. typicum
(Nakai) Po-
jark. : 23
Keramocarpus Fenzl ..---+++-: + 184
iNerascomionsRat..- ieee anes) 376
Korshinskya Lipsky ......-.-.-- 419
, bulpleuroides Korov. 414, 420
Pag.
Korshinskya Olgae (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Lipsky . 420
Kosopoljamskia Korov.........- 188
is pentaceros Kcrov. 188
PS turkestanica Korov.. . 191
Kozlovia Vipsky “-"- = -- "= 2 1). = 151
D paleacea Lipsky. ..... .- 152
Krasnovia M. Pop......-...- 117, 591
% longiloba (Kar. et Kir.)
M. Pop. . 118
aeviaa Brique subsecta i.) lone 283
Laevia (Briq.) K.-Pol., sect. ..... 283
Lancifolia Bobr., sect. ........ 84
Lappularia Pomel. ........ 149, 153
Lappularia (Pomel) Thell., sect. =) LS:
E neglecta Pomel ..... . 160
a nodosa Pomel. ..... . 162
Laserpitium Athamantae Spreng. 231
% caucasicum M.B..... . 393
‘3 davuricum Jacq. .... .- 550
* ferulaceum L. ...... 265
es mutellinoides Crantz 580
+3 selinoides Scop. .... .- 560
#3 Simplex Lee VOSS TLE 580
LécokiasD@s agra pate) ets 251
3 cretican(ams)sD@s\ 5. oa. - 251
Ledebouriella Wolff. ........ 361
* multiflora (Ldb.) Wolff 362
= seseloides (Hoffm.)
Wolff. 362
Ledeburia ink <» 476
a Schrenkiana C. A. M. . 478, 601
a seseloides (Fisch. et Mey.)
Turez.. 477
- setifera (Korov.) Schischk. . 481
i sibirica C. A. M. ...-.- - 474
- sibirica (L.) C. A. M. .. . 479
5 Stephaniana DC...... - 483
* subsimplex M.Pop..... - 581
a transcaucasica Schischk. . . 475
3 ugoensis Sugaw. -...-- - 477
Ms unicaulis Korov. ..... - 506
a coMbrat as IOC. eo 86 6 2 0 © 477
a 3 var. condensataDC. 480
” ¢. incana DC... . 504
as mn é. sibirica DC. 474
Ligusticum L. .. ... . :. eeaeOENe 566
$ sect. Euligusticum Calest. . 566
2 sect. IIIf Cnidium Calest. . 549
- » 1V Aulacospermum Ca-
lest. . 238
» V Selinum Calest.. . 560
= ajanense K.-Po). .... - 554
3 Ajawain Roxb....... 379
Ligusticum alatum (M. B.) Spreng. . .
albomarginatum Drude
alpestre Calest.. .....
alpinum F. Kurtz. ... .
arafoe Alley jeu sec 5 se)
boreale Salisb. ......
Brancionis Schrank . .. .
Garvi IRoths 405 % <-. Si.
carvifolia Car. ......
eaucasicum Somm. et Lev.
caucasicum Willd.
cuminum Crantz
es egreyey). ve) 0 Xe
Fedtschenkoanum Schischk.
Fischeri Link. ......
Foeniculum Crantz
gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Schischk.
gayoides Korov.
Gmelini Cham. et Schlecht.
Gmelini Vill... .....
mongholicum (Turcz.) Kryl.
multifidum Smith. . .. .
mutellina (L.) Crantz . . .
mutellinoides Hult.
is Vill. :
5 ssp. et var
» alpinum
Thell
pauciradiatum \K.-Pol.
Phellandrium Crantz . . .
physospermifolium Alb.. .
Podagraria Crantz
pumilum Korov.
purpureopetalum Kom.
ey je) ies fe ahs
salinum K.-Pol. .... .
Scoticumiles 6) cre oe)
scoticum auct.
seseloides Fisch. et Mey.
setiferum Korov.
sibiricum Spreng... .. .«
Silaus Vill... Ses sick
simplex All.
tenuilobum Calest.
ternatum Willd.
tripartitum Dumort.. . . .
venosum Calest.......
e: mieh) elginic! | vetlwien ys.
Pag.
571
581
546
579
570
230
568
568
230
386
561
574
236
369
572
583
576
583
542
457
Pag.
Ligusticum Wolffianum Fedde . 581
Lindera Aschers. ......... 94, 150
* odorata Aschers........ 150
Lipskya K.-Pol., sect. ........ 193
iinskya) Nevskil-iyte-, sae eee ae 192, 193
“A insigniseNevskil-enenee) eee 193
Ligaea: Boiss, .\pisgems cee a 177
is armenalochischk. eee ee 178
s grandiflora Boiss........ 178
as heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss. 178
3 Papyracea Boiss. ....... 181
% syriaca (Grossh tae ee 178
Lithosciadium Turez. ......... 549
ss multicaule Turcz. . 551
Lomatocarum Fisch. et Mey. .... . 385
alpinum Fisch. et Mey. . 391
Lomatopodium Fisch. et Mey.. . . 483, 516
Lomatopodium (Fisch. et Mey.)
Schischk., sect. . 516
a Karelinianum Turez. . . 519
* Lessingianum Fisch. et
Mey. . 518
. on var. tenui-
folia Rgl.
et Herd. 512
% platyphyllum Schrenk 517
Longifolia Wolff, sect......... 287
Lophosciadium DC. ......... 39
3 meoides (L.) Calest. - 39
Luerssenia Cyminum O. Kuntze. . . . 370
Macraster Calest., sect. ....... 67
Macrostylopodium Schischk., sect. 519, 603
Marginata Godr., subsect. ..... . 287
Meon Mutellina St.-Lager ..... . 573
Mesodiscus Rats (scan ea aoe 380
Meum alatum Baill. ......... 571
b 5). INCOM OW Fed olan oto Coes 582
» Foeniculum Spreng. ..... . 542
a gayoides Rgl. et Schmalh.. . 582
Mutellina Gaertn... ...... 573
AS sibiicunt SPrenge nae 3 546
as wanosn iBeillso o 6 56 6 6 5 6 6 553
Mutellina Thell., subgen.. ...... 573
Mulinum Gaudi oes esl bee 560
‘s carvijoliaaGaude es 561
Muretia® Bosses shee 8 eo es Oe 415
pe GUC OISSH LE ee 416
% fragrantissima (Lipsky)
K.-Pol. 418
- liteae (MAEB>)eBollsshimen rnc ecin 416
Pag.
Muretia oeroilanica Korov. . . 418, 598
5 tanaicensis Boiss. ..... .- 416
< transcaspica Korov. - 417, 598
Pe transitoria Koroyv. ..... .- 417
Myrrhis Milli ¢¢). ccc 0.8 seas eee 150
' angelicaefolia Schult. . . .. 110
= Anthriscus-Lag. . ..- ..- 138
~ aristata Spreng... .....- 149
= aromatica Spreng. ...-.-- - 99
= bulbosa Spreng. .-....--.- 113
99 chaerophyllea Lam. -..- .- - 138
> cicutaria Spreng. -..--- -: 100
= clavata Spreng. .-.-.+-- 109
xs Clayfoni Michxe = = 5 > 4: -: 149
* igilanrcas Schult... tne 109
” gracilis Spreng... - +--+: -
os humilis Schult. ...-..- - 101
» maculata Sweet ...--+-:+.- - 100
Ee millefolia Spreng... ..-.- - 102
x. odorata (L.) Scop.....-.- - 150
» Pecten-Veneris All. .... - 141
x OSCAR OBGENSE els io ee ee 102
= silvestris Spreng... .-.--.- - 128
es Konomilar NM e Wo SES Pees! 6 fo. 108
Fe fniaosa \\iinGv, "eo 8 o Sune 113
Myrrhodes alpestre O. Ktze. . --.- - 131
» Anthriscus O. Ktze.. . . . 138
5 Cerefolium O. Ktze. .. . 136
9 silvestris O. Ktze.. . . . . 128
Wea ana Meisney ei) on la i arome 579
~ mucronata Schrenk .... . 581
var. albomarginata
Schrenk . 581
” »
cs nemorosa Korov.
eS simplex Meisn.
«. albomarginata
Schrenk . 579
” 9
es urbis malorum M. Pop.. . . 581
NervosauGodrasubsectwe 5... - 287
INegeRO sD Wee Abel cleus 1d) vy ss ware ce. oe 172
‘s daucoides Bub. 4. ». 2.46 - 172
PU Panunlonom mul etei ws ch soc 163
Nomochaerophyllum K.-Pol., subgen. . 98
Odontites glauca Spreng... ..... 346
ss gracilis sMeuBewes |.) |e 345,
” tenuissima Spreng. .... . 344
Oenanthe Lyles Sys, as 40, 526
9 verae och. sectause.- 4). 530
. abchasica Schischk. . . . . 534
e aquatica (L.) Poir.- - --.. . 40
458
Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir.. .... 537
is armena (C. Koch) Lipsky. . 536
a banatica Heuff. ..... - 535
os Biebersteinii «. vulgaris Simon 532
“p biloba Dulac. ....... 531
. brevisecta Simon. .... . 532
a caucasica Simon ..... . 532
- decumbens (Thunb.) K.-Pol. 536
Fedtschenkoana K.-Pol. .. 533
2 ferulacea Kotschy et Boiss. . 536
Bs filipendula Dumort. ... . 531
© fistulifolia Stokes .... . 531
$5 fistulosa (leo! slit ts hehe ast tenes 531
3s grandisecta Simon .... . 532
* heterococea Korov.. ..-.- - 533
o Japonica Drude ..... .- 536
- yavonicag) © a-a- teen 536
* Lachenalii auct. -. ...-- - 534
a laciniata Zolling.. . .-.- - 536
- lanceolata Poir. .....- - 531
longifoliolata Schischk.. . . 534
meifolia Schloss. et Vuk.. . 531
= Phellandrium Lam.... .- - 537
> pimpinelloidesL.. ....- - 530
” purpurea Poir.- -..-.-: + 573
. radiata Sakalo. .....- - 532
Ry silaifolia M. B.. .....- - 532
& Sophiae Schischk. ..- - - 536
e stolonifera D@y. > >) 2) =e 536
2 subpinnata Drude. . .. .« - 536
Oenosciadium Pomel ........- . 526
Oplopanax Mig. <= = = =) =). eee 17
a elatum Nakai ...... . 18
Orlaya ‘Hoffmey/4> 4. = eee 181
em sect. \Orlanaulhell.j. saoeeeee 181
" grandiflora (L.) Hoffm.. .. . 182
% platyearpos (L.) Koch. . . 172, 183
Ormopterum Schischk. ..... . 363, 597
> turcomanicum (Korov.)
Schischk. . 363
Osmorhiza:Rafin). 0... 4.5 2 148
‘ amurensis Fr. Schmidt ex
Maxim. ... 149
4 aristata (Thunb.) Mak. et
Yabe. 149
a - var. montana Ma-
kino. 149
. japonica Sieb. et Zucce. . . 149
‘ montana Makino. .... . 149
Ovalifolia, Boby., sect.) :) 2/2 4-8 one e 80
Ozodia Wightiee Arn) oa eee 54
if foeniculacea Wight et Arn. . . 542
Pag. Pag.
Pachypleuroides Schischk., subgen. 575, 604 Peucedanum falcaria Turcz. ---- - 554
Pachypleurum Ldb. --------- 579 > flexuosum Kit. .---- 490
= albomarginatum Rupr... 581 $i isetense Spreng.. - - 241, 242
. alpinum Ldb. -..-- - 579 . minus Poir. - +++ += > 583
3 gayoides (Rgl. et 3 pratense Lam. - +--+: - - 546
Schmalh.) Schischk. . 582 . selinoides DC. ...-.-.- - 579
s mucronatum (Schrenk) < sibiricum Spreng. 5 AY
Schischk.. .-- +--+: > 581 = Salles Ib, 9 oe. a 9 00 546
FS simplex (L.)Rchb..- - 580 9 Sey AMG Be toe “eriict is 546
Pachypus Schischk., sect. - - - - 355, 597 3 trilobatum Gilib.. - + - - 546
Danax Werte ee et ere sede oe tes 34 Phellandrium L.. .+.++-++: > 526, 537
Fanax subgen. Acanthopanax Dene. et Phellandrium (L.) C. Koch., sect.. - - 537
Planch,eweee - = w © 19 Phellandrium Neilr. -+-+++--::> 537
» § 2 Oplopanax Torr. et Gr. . 17 FS aquaticum Tis oe Wolo he arcs 537
MeeGimseng ©. 5 Mey. 9. -)- = 35 s divaricatum Gilib. > SSM
horridus Ldb.- - +--+ + °°: 18 55 Dedonaei Bubani . . - - 531
. guinquefolium a. coraeensis > fistulosum Clairv.. - - + 531
Sieb. . 35 Po Matthioli Bub. . +--+: - 530
3 2 var. Ginseng Rgl. 5 Mutellind L.------ 570
et Maxim.. . 35 = stoloniferum Roxb. “e530
pee tricinifoliums. et Zo.) 8 - 22 Phlojodicarpus Abolinii Korov.. - - 505
» schin-seng Nees v. Esenb.- - - 34 Phymatis E. Meyer- -+-+-+->-+--: - 378
, schin-seng var. | coraiensis Nees. 35 Physocaulis (DC.) Trauschteaeic. cue 93
, sessiliflorum Rupr. et Maxim. 19 E: nodosus (L.) Tausch .- 93
Paniculatae Korov., sect. - +--+: > 207. Physophora Link ---+-+ +++: + 223
Pastinaca Pecten-Veneris Lam. 141 Physospermum Cuss. - +++: +: °° * 223
Pectenmeame. = es 2 139 5 actaeifolium Eichw. 236
Pecten (Duby) Thell., subgen. 140 5 aquilegifolium Ldb. 223
Pectinaria Pernh.- -- +--+: +: 139 : cicutarium Spreng.. - - 236
5 vulgaris Bernh. - - +--+ =: + 141 : denaense B. Fedtsch.. . 224
Perfoliata Godr., sect.- - +--+: : 283 5 kopetdaghense Korov. - - 207
Petroselinum Hoffm..-----:+--:-> 373 fy ridicule Gn An Me a e223
» crispum (Mill.) Nym. . . 374 2 Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. - 420
i. hortense Hoffm. 374 Pimpinella Tctede ce. ie 2 oka 422
Fs i" var. crispum fs 3. Reutera Benth.- ---: - 446
Bailey. --- - 374 19. Deeringia O. Ktze. . - 380
) Petroselinum Karst.. . - 374 2 § 1. Carum O. Ktze.- - - 385
fy romanum Sweet . 374 > § 5. Apium O. Ktze . 373
bs sativum Hoffm. - 374 Me § 6. Aegopodium O. Ktze.. 451
‘ as var. crispum s § 22. Chamaesciadium O.
Gaud. 374 Kotz eam heme ie: erie silinn ie 421
n . » vulgare bs Attias ili, 6 0 6 0 0 a ¢ 44]
Alef. 374 5 » var. glabra
» 5 subvar. crispum Schischk. - - 442
Goss. et Germ. . 374 = ambigua C. Koch. - - - - 442
by segetum Ldb.---- - 368 S angelicaefolia Lam.- - - 455
= Thoermeri Weinm. 374 “ angustifolia Gilib. 43]
” vulgare S. F. Gray. - - 374 5 anisum L. +--+ + e+ 445
Peucedanum album Fisch. --- =: ; 583 z anthriscoides Boiss. - 432
é alpestre L. --+-++--> 546 5 is var. dissecta
x » Spreng. . ++: > 546 O.Ktze. 435
s condensatum K.-Pol. . . - 480 x armena Schischk.. - - « - 444
459
»
»
»
scutcenes ‘nce 440
Gureds D CARrFrn Sk) acs 449
austriaca Mill. ...... 431
brachycarpa Nakai 457
calycina var. brachycarpa
Komitee a) few es 457
capillifolia Rgl. et Slhmalh. 367
Carvitfessen®.') 3 ws ; 387
caucasica Schischk. 438
cervariaefolia Grossh.. . . 432
cervariifolia Freyn et Sint . 435
confusa Woron...... . 438
corymbosa Boiss. .... . 443
crinita Boiss........ 166
cruciata Bornm. et Wolff . 435
z var. somchetica
Bordz. 432
cyminosma K.-Pol.. . 465
daghestanica Schischk. 437
dohuricanlurez... > to. « « 422
DangaeMe Be sac) iyo. co 223
dichotoma Spreng. 357
GiaicomMer bess os ek 357
UMA Ee ie sre ec Geet 355
8. glabra Henning . 355
» Y- hispida Henning. 355
» rossica Fisch. 375
HISsecromNM Bie es 430
dissecta Retz. ...... 428
erlocarpa Russ... ... . 443
falcarioides Bornm. et
Wralifacser.. - 384
plava ©.-A. Mis Setyeben: 449
Grossheimii Schischk.. . . 438
ereiga WM 5s co 6 o 6 6 427
Idae? Takhtt 1) 05 3. 437
KGtaibelii hens fe 2. . % 357
Korshinkyi Schischk.. . . 444
laciniata Gilib. 428, 439
latifolia Gilib. . 295. °. . 427
lithophila Schischk.. . . . 439
Litvinovii Schischk. 440
magna Hohen, <<... « < 430
THAIN AL TREAT ee 431
; 8. dissecta Turez. . 429
. 8. rosea Stev. . 430
3 dissecta Eichw. 430
major Grossh.. ...... 427
major (L.) Huds.. . 429, 431
media Weber ....... 431
multicaulis Poir. .... . 352
460
Pimpinella nodiflora Stokes
“ou sia aua se 372
nudicaulis Trautv.. ... . 430
orientalis Gouan. ..... 431
peregrina auct. ...... 441
peucedanifolia Fisch. 432
5 var. querce-
torum (Wo-
ron.) Schi-
schki'.},. 45 432
Pcdagraria Lestib. ~. . 455
puberula (DC.) Boiss. . . . 442
guercetorum Woron.. . . . 432
ramosa Schischk. .... . 443
ramosissima Fisch. -. 302
i Schischk.. . . 443
rhodantha Boiss. ..... 430
i var. albiflora
Bordz. . . . 430
rosea Lindems . =). 20a 427
rotundifolia M.B..... . 456
rubra Hoppe et Schleich. . 431
rugosa Jkunze.-) see eee 431
saccifragal dba. lane 429
saxifraga L. ..... 427, 429
A var. dissectifolia
Koch . . . 428
5 » dissectifolia
Wallr. 428
; ; rotundifolia
Scop... . 428
” » §. dissecta
(M. B.)
Spreng.- . 428
; B. major b.
dissectifolia
Wallr. 428
x ‘5 y.majorL.. 431
sisarum Jessen ...... 464
: var. lancifolia K. -
Pol. - 464
ro » sativa K.-
Pol. 464
squamosa Karjag..... . 430
taurica (Ldb.) Steud. 441
tenuifolia Schwaegr. et
KO ORE cones. 5, see comes 431
Thellungiana Wolff 429
titanophila Woron. . .. . 436
i var. tomiophylla
Woron. - « 436
tomiophylla (Woron.) Stank. . 436
Tragium Schmalh.. ... . 436
Pimpinella tragium auct........ 439
» i, B. laciniata
DCA See ait: 436, 438
- tripartita Kalenicz. - 450
turcomanica Schischk.. . . 439
i variifolia Salisb. .... . 427
Pimpinelloides Rgl., sect... ..... 523
Pituranthos Korolkowii Schinz ey he)
Plana Wolff, sect. ........ g 6e &B)
Platorlaya Calest., sect. ....... 183
Platyspermum grandiflorum Mert. et
Kochitiris. &3.6608 182
= littorale Koch. .... 171
e orientale Eichw.. . . . 170
es pulcherrimum Koch . . 170
Pleurospermum Hoffm. ....... 229
Pleurospermum subgen. Eleutherosper-
mum Drude .
iS a Hymenolaena
Drude 233
s anomalum B.Fedtsch. . 241
55 Archangelica Ldb. . . 231
4, austriacum Ldb. 231
5 austriacum (L.) Hoffm.. 230
5 x ssp. euaust-
riacum
Born. . 230
~ oS » uralense
Somm.
et Lev. 231
BS boreale Gaud. 230
Hs camtschaticum Hoffm.. 232
5 cicutarium Drude. . 286
5 darvasicum Lipsky . . 243
Gmelini Steud... .. 231
" grandiflorum Drude 236
a isetense K.-Pol. 241
= lacicum Drude. . . . 237
.S Lindleyanum B.Fedtsch. 234
ns lithuanicum Downar . 230
= multifidum Benth. et
InI@@)2o 0 6 0 Oo 242
a. nanum Benth. et Hook. 234
x stellatum 8. Lindleyanum
Clar keen). 233
5 (Hymenolaena) turkesta-
nicum Franch.. . . 244
ms uralense Hoffm. ... . 231
uralense Hult. .... .~ 232
iPodagraria Hills’. .608 30.0. 5. - 451
is Aegopodium Moench 455
3 erratica Bubani..... . 455
46]
Pag.
Polgidon: Rat, eo... OS oo eee eee 94
i bulbosum Raf. ....... 113
2 temulumeRate eee ee 108
Polycladum Schischk., sect. 443, 599
Prangos Lindl: 3h). Sa ae 263
Fe acaulis (DC.) Bornm. 50 ATS
s alata Benth. et Hook... . . 265
¥ So NGrosshs. moe enc ee 265
- arcis-romanae Boiss. et Huet. 267
bucharica B. Fedtsch.. . . . 268
i carinatay Gris.-) oy sae a 266
> eylindracea DC........ 266
3 eylindrocarpa Korov. . ... 271
= Fedtschenkoi (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Kioroy.. >. coe eee 272
ferganensis O. et B. Fedtsch. . 269
i ferulacea (L.) Lindl. 265
* vs var. microcarpa Gro-
Sshemen cen 206
e » scabrida Boiss. . 265
» 2p , Stenoptera B.
Fedtsch. 266
fy foeniculacea C. A. Mey. . . . 265
. goktschaica O. et B. Fedtsch. . 267
ii humilis Fisch... ...... 265
a isphairamica B. Fedtsch. . 262, 594
bs latiloba Korov. ....... 273
: Lipskyi Korov. ....... 269
FF lophoptera Boiss. ...... 269
sy pabularia Lindl... ..... 270
* 55 ssp. schirin A. Kor. . 271
if me pe teze Amore uae) Zill
3 pachypoda Korov....... 272
* paschaatensis B. Fedtsch. 269
i saravschanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Korovacecicins moore ee 271
§ stenoptera Boiss. et Buhse . . 265
: ISZOVIEZII DD OISS eee eine 265
a tschimganica B. Fedtsch. . . 266
» ulopteral DG Aner. ecm 268
IPrionitis Adaus.. 0s ie 2GEtS BRE. oe 382
* daucoides K.-Pol. ...... 120
a falcata Delarbe™ |: 3% 383
= Falcaria Dumrb. ...... 383
Psammogeton Edg........... 164
x Borsezovii (Rgl. et Sch-
malh.) Lipsky 166
= canescens (DC.) Vatke . 166
B crinitum Boiss..... . 166
ie glabrum Bornm. et Sint. . 366
‘ setifolium Boiss. ... . 165
i tibetanum Edgew. 166
Pseudammi Ehrenbergii Wolff... . . 489
Pseudo-Caucalis Drude, subgen.. . . . 163
Pseudolibanotis Schischk., sect. . 481, 602
Pseudosilaus Schischk., sect.. . . 524, 604
Pseudospermum S.F.Gray ...... 223
Ptychotis sect. Trachyspermum DC.. . 378
s Avjawan,D) Gia net omtels «ts eu 379
. Coptica DD Cupar iso eee eis 379
is AMA NDIG Ss es 8 Ga ao 442
Pycnosciadium armenum C. Koch. . . 556
Renorda ARO. vs. Tate ctw R Elis <<. ook 233
» SUL/OLIG, WR Oa weenpbeitiera: sa « 233
\Reticulatas Godan sect-sonaeee oe 287
Reutera’ Boiss...) 3, ) Boissaysgi- - +... 449
* Bobrovii Woron.. . . . 449, 599
a cervariaefolia Boiss... .. . 449
* flagomBoisseet es eet 4 449
Rhynchostylismlaasehs ~l % . ~.- 94
Ridoltia Moristeme sets. coe ko ele 39
Rigida Drude; tsulbsect. . 9. (- . = = & 287
Rugosa Briguessubsect\ isu '. . Sue 286
Rugosa (Briq.) K.-Pol. sect. ..... 286
Rumia Hofim. | 12 Bet stem. 22 358
Rania: albap ett i al be RR, ue 349
» athamantoides DC. ...... 470
» crithmifolia (Willd.) K.-Pol. . . 358
ni, Uetogonawce WALI Ms buctewt =< 2 357
% - GDA, ctu Petners os 4 355
- 2 var. hispida Claus . . 355
> | maerocarpas ottmen. (als 2) «_. 252
w. mmult: floraslidbasaeaaae. 2 362
» . seseloides, Hoffman sae 6. 362
hab taurica, Hottmwecdeecasee os. «oc 358
Saniculaw le uc! pide yun sc 61
$ caspica Gmel} “atest. =... 62
e chinensis! Dgesniantdae: . . .. 66
ey crithmifolia Willd. ..... 358
elata Franch. et Sav... . 66
e enuropaeaals saci vied x « 62, 65
5 rubriflora Fr. Schmidt et Ma-
UTE Hes esata as 62
i trilobata (Gilibates canines 62
* uralensis Kleop. 62, 65, 66
Saniculeae Drude, tribus....... 61
Saniculoideae Drude, subfam..... . 60
massafras: Li! jis orouicmineeice say gents ele Ae 24
Scaligeria DC..waopstcl . | 204, 205
Scaligerias DC. pp ginehiiae 5 2. dus 450
sect. Euscaligeria Boiss.. . 450
462
Pag.
Scaligeria alaica (Lipsky) Korov.. . . 210
aS e var multiradiata.
Korov., <3 osu 211
Z allioides (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Boiss. 212
= : var. kopetdaghen-
sis Korov.. . 213
5 bucharica Korov. .... . 207
5 conica Koroyvee)-. aie ane 209
ka elata Boiss. et Hausskn. . 212
2 falcarioides Hausskn. 384
3 ferganensis Lipsky. ... . 215
F glaucescens (DC.) Boiss.. . 213
= hirtula (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Lipsky 214
i 5 var. Korshinskyi Ko-
Foi. Wee 216
. Knorringiana Korov.. . . . 208
% kopetdaghensis (Korov. )
Schisechk.= = geue 207
‘5 Korovinii Bobr. . - 211, 593
3 Korshinskyi(Lipsky) Korov. . 216
2 kuramensis Korov. 210
5 Lipskyi Korov. ...... 208
5 platyphylla Korov. . . 210, 592
§ polycarpa Korov. ..... 214
5 rotundifolia Boiss... .. . 450
5 samarkandica Korov. 212
# setacea (Schrenk) Korov. 217
s transeaspica Korov. ... . 216
‘ tschimganica Korov. . 217
me ugamica Korov....... 211
» var. constricta Korov. 211
Seandiceae DC., trib, ........ 90
Scandiciummbhellacaeeee ae 146
Seandicium C. Koch, subgen.. ... . 146
Scandicium Walpers. sect. ..... . 146
= Aucheri Manden. .... . 147
- stellatum Thell.. . ... . 146
a i var. Aucheri
Thell 147
Scandix b......teak: odo eae 139
i subgen. Uraspermum K.-Pol.. . 148
» sect. Pecten Duby... .. . 140
5 amurensis K.-Pol. ...... 149
poe Aintiniseusti iO. 5) a eee 138
>) @prealatawWCy aie <5 eee 145
5 cristata) K.=Poelieeh. 3 2) ee 149
» aromatica Roeling. ..... 99
x Aucheri Boisss 1-22) eae 147
5 australis ssp. pontica Vierh. . 145
F Pa » taurica Vierh. . 145
Scandix australis var. B. M.B.
bulbosa Roth
Cerefoliumiln - S04 4 6) See
Claytonii K.-Pol.
ConnutasGillibi te.) ic. 2 2.
damascena Bornm..... .- -
eriocarpa Stapf et Wettst.. .
falcata M.B.
~ conc ces tee els 5s
Fedtschenkoana K.-Pol.
georgica C. Koch
gilanica S. G. Gmel.
grandiflora Ldb....... -
grandiflora’ Les = Ges, -
hispida Gilib.
hispidula Bertol.- -.--..-.- -
iberica M. B.
5 var. parviflora O.
Ktze.
infestamjacqee one - &
3 1 ys) eset ch (AG Cec ee
laetou Sallis hee en ae
latifolia Sibth.
macrorrhyncha Boiss.
” CAAIM:
macrosperma Willd.
Maniurkiana Tamamsch.. . .-
ov Reg een cok se, | coh Ue ene
oN ene te tet ites jours te
Ceti CARO: Cae CHL)
Oly EO OSGeo. RCE Ol
nutans Moench
GIGI ATH IGT | Se ae er
Pecten Scop.
pecten-Veneris L.
53 3 8. brevirostris
Boiss.
n ” 8. pinnatifida
Ces. Pass.
et Gib.. .
pectinifera Stokes .-... -
pectiniformis St.-Lager. . . -
persica Mart.
pinnatifida Vent.
y var.
Hohenackerii
Bess... .- -
i, a. persica Schrenk .
2 B. songarica
Schrenk
OSTLOTOMS AIS beanie cn
Russeliana Griseb.. .-..- -
stellata Soland.
stellulata Tamamsch.. .. .- -
OD a cine Oh orto
LQUrICAORSTEVAN A ne
temula Roth
of al delves) fler~ viel pis, jelmie.
Pag
145
113
136
149
141
146
142
142
145
146
142
109
145
146
138
146
142
141
160
159
138
251
142
142
109
146
93
108
150
141
141
463
Pag
Scandix tenuifolia Salisb. ...... 136
» trichosperma Schur. .... . 137
oul aris S Grayiearie 141
Schrenkia Fisch. et Mey... ..... 192
5 fasciculata Korov. 195
Golickeana (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
BatWedtschsaseaie one 195
* insignis seipskyar-mea) = 193
= involucrata Rgl. et
Schinallhey gama 195, 196
s Kultiassovii Korov. 197
papillaris Rgl. et Schmalh.. 194
z pungens Rgl. et Schmalh. . 197
songarica Lipsky ....- - 196
s syrdarjensis Lipsky . - 195, 197
; ugamica Korov....-. - - 194
i vaginata (Ldb.) Fisch. et
Mey; velco crammy | 196
0 oopeienten Yel, 9 SS BE) e 196
Schtschurovskia Rg!. et Schmalh. 186
3 meifolia Rgl. et
Schmalh. 187
5 Margaritae Korov.. . 187
= pentaceros (Korov.)
Schischk. 188
Pag
SchudiagMole sho. il. 4 ener sen 148
Schultzia Spreng. ..-.------- 540
s albiflora (Kar. et Kir) M.
IBD, 9 0 6 8a 541
5 ; var subacaulis
(Trautv.)
Schischk.. . 541]
. . 5 caulescens
(Trautv.)
Schischk.. . 541
5 compacta Ldb.. ..-.-- - - 483
8 crinita (Pall.) Spreng. 540
7 ChiniLGeAuG teem) eine 541
Schultziopsis Schischk., sect.. . . 482, 602
Selinopsis Coss. et Dur. -.----- 385
Selinum Uc\ cnc vce ae ah ie ee 560
4 subgen. Chaerophyllum Kra-
WSC zs, cel ee ete cee 94
&: acutangulum Gilib. . .-.- - 560
mr alatumbPoirs 34 6 moe sass 571
a angulatum Lam. ..-.-.-.- - 560
Anisum E.H.L. Krause. . . 445
aromaticum E.H.L. Krause. 99
Berula E.H.L. Krause 466
bulbosum E.H.L. Krause 113
Carvi E.H.L. Krause. . - - 387
Selinum carvifolia L.
carvifolia Linnaei Jacq. - - -
Cerefolium E.H.L. Krause
cnidiifolium Turcz.
coloratum E.H.L. Krause. .
Conium E.H.L. Krause. . .
copticum E.H.L. Krause
coriaceum Korov. .....- -
coriandrum E.H.L. Krause
cuminum E.H.L. Krause . .
cynapium E.H.L. Krause . .
Dawsonii Coult. et Rose. . -
dimidiatumyDCi-ebe - - = -
Dioscoridis E.H. L. Krause
Falcaria E.H.L. Krause :
Fischeri E.H.L. Krause. . .
fistulosum E.H.L. Krause. .
foeniculum E.H.L. Krause
graveolens E.H.L. Krause. .
Hoffmanni Krause
humile E.H.L. Krause
Kochii E.H. L. Krause
Kultiassovii Korov-.. .
lineare Schumacher
WMionnierwiliere: = © a co se wos
Mutellina Prantl
Myrrhis E.H.L. Krause. . .
nitidum E.H.L. Krause. . .
nodiflorum E.H.L. Krause
orientale Benth. et Hook. . .
palustre Crantz
ms les
pecten E.H.L. Krause. . . .
Petroselinum E.H.L. Krause .
Phellandrium E.H.L. Krause .
Pimpinella E.H.L. Krause
PleurospermumE.H.L.Krause .
Podagraria E.H.L. Krause
Popovii (Korov.) Schischk.. .
pratense Spreng.
pseudo-carvifolia Crantz . . .
sibiricum Retz.
‘se be, Yo en ete
simplex Prantl
Sisarum E.H.L. Krause. . .
Sium E.H.L. Krause :
temulum E.H.L. Krause. .- .
tenuifolium Salisb.
tenuisectum Korov.
tianschanicum K orov.
ilinaias Naximier eee © eae |
Torilis E. H. L. Krause
turfosum Baumg.
Pag
560
560
136
552
490
225
379
562
185
390
539
552
490
221
383
583
531
542
511
355
163
100
604
553
559
574
150
131
- 372
557
560
593
141
374
537
427
230
455
563
553
560
550
580
464
459
108
560
562
562
554
155
553
464
Selinum virosum E.H.L. Krause. . .
Seseli L
”
Visnaga E.H.L. Krause. . .
subgen. Euseseli Drude... . .
Abolinii (Korov.) Schischk.. . .
Aegopodium Scop........
aemulans M. Pop.
Alexeenkoi Lipsky .... . She
Gl pinuny aM Bae
altissimum M. Pop.
AmomumtS cop.) aca
Andronakii Woron. . . . .
annuum 5) oi eee
annuum Pall.
Apium Roth
arenarium) Mia ae
aspergillifolium Bogusl.
asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk.
athamantoides Benth.
Ldb.
bienne Crantz
brevicaule Jorden ame
buchtormense Koch. . . .
campestre Bess.
Carum Scop.
Ci Gel iee ve) Bley ome irebweliute
Carvi Lam.
carvifolia Linnaei Jacq.
Colorarine ey heeae ene
pe var. asperulum
Teamity, oo 5 5 c
condensatum Rchb.. . .-
connatums Wialps = -) 1s) case
coronatum Ldb.
cuneifolium M. B.
decipiens Ldb.
devenyense Grossh.. - . .
dichotomum Pall.
dubrumpSenikulny ea ence
elatum es bee ee
elegans Schischk. . -...-. .-
eriocarpum (Schrenk) B.Fedtsch. .
eriocephalum (Pall.) Schischk. .
Falcaria Crantz
fasciculatum Korov.
Fedtschenkoanum «a.
kokanicum
Rgl. et
Schmalh. .
Bp. iliense Rel.
et Schmalh. .
floribundum Somm. et Lev.
foeniculaceum Poir.
Seseli foliosum (Somm. et Lev.)Manden. -
» giganteum Lipsky ......-.
» glabratum Willd. --.....
SaupglancumaMyDyenr) cin
» gYandivittatum (Somm. et Lev.)
Schischk., 6) Meee tise.
» graveolens Ldb. -..-+-.-.-.-.
fs % Scop Oo; DAO LEO OME OenaS
» gummiferum Pall. ..-....- -
» hippomarathrum Jacq. --.-.- -
” ” ssp. eu-Hippo-
marathrum
Thell.
» ° » hebecarpum
Drude
x > 8B. hebecarpum
DG: cntinns
» Hippomarathrum Schmalh. . - -
» iliense (Rgl. ez Schmalh.) Lipsky -
» inecanum (Steph.) B. Fedtsch.. -
» jomuticum Schischk.. .... .
» karatavicum Schischk. .... .
» karateginum Lipsky ..-..-.- - -
» kokanicum Lipsky.....-.- - -
» Korovinii Schischk. .-.-.-. .-
» Ledebourti G. Don =... .-..- -
» Lehmannianum (Bge.) Boiss.
» Lehmannii Degen ...... -
» leptocladum Woron. .....- -
» Lessingianum Turez..-.-..- -
leucospermum ssp. peucedanifo-
lsenpeNiymanie <= a
, Libanotis var. armeniacum Bordz.
i = » .sibirica Schmalh. -
» macrophyllum Rgl. et Schmalh. .-
» monstrosum K.-Pol. .-... -
PoaeViutellinagsteudsees = - . ~ = -
» nodiflorum Scop. --.--.-.:-
» osseum Savul. et Rayss. ..-.- -
Pe eeallasiimbesssam-ti-n «lie. Chae.
» pauciradiatum Schischk.. . 500,
» peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Bess. -
» peucedanoides (M.B.)K.-Pol. . -
» petraeum M.B. ...-.-.-.--
» platyphyllum (Schrenk) O. et B.
Redtschwmcwemstett. iis ae
» ponticum Lipsky. --...-.- -
) . pratense; Crantz.\-))- .) 272 Tw
» purpureumGilib.. -. +--+. -
» rigidum®. peucedanifolium Bess. .
» Yupicola Woron...-..-..--
» scariosum Kar. et Kir... .-.- -
Pag
524
513
513
513
509
504
492
602
502
495
465
Seselijsedae: Takht) (iy: ¢ir-0 Soe ae
oy) selinoides: Bess...) aN |.
» Jacgire eee. 5.
» sessiliflorum Schrenk .... .
5. Simplex: Potr.let sen Sees. 2
a. SisorumiCrantzs tee wee =
» Songoricum Schischk. . . . 505,
» Squarrosum Schischk. .... .
mu strictumpldbsme-ancyh nominee
se fauricumelaimkssete) eee eee
my) e denunjoliumeladbsaes + mee en
» tenuisectum Rgl. et Schmalh.. .
yi torztuosum Bolssaa-i) eee)
= = 8. campestre Schmalh. .-
x - Ldb. 8. tauricum DC. .
rp 5 VEN Mus th Sete. 6
» trichocarpum B. Fedtsch.. . - .
» turbinatum Korov....... -
» Walentinae M. Pop.
Pe Ce Ai w ola a) Ge tio OS. ow arom
» varium Trev.
» venosum Hoffm.
3) Vals grandivittatum
Somm. et Lev.
Seselopsis Schischk. -.-.-...-.- -
”
tianschanicum Schischk.. .
Saris Mal ei a Ph owe wet ee
”
»
”
”
Silaus Bernh.
» Besser
alpestre Thell.
Besserin Gyossniee meal wee
foliosum Grossh.. ..- e -
Silaus Schinz et Thell.. . .- .
oe, hye em ee mekate? tach nelee-ea Nel Ger ie). is
San cr lenbtis aleimkpewaeeee: uty) yet een
» alpestris Bess... . 2-2 ++ =>
Pe Besserig) Carmen mene e me
» carvifolius C.A.M.. .
» flavescens Bernh. .--+---- -
» foliosus Somm. et Lev.
» gracilis Bge.
» longifolius var. Ldb.
foe ey Met ey edie Mahergeres | ce ce.
» peucedanoides Boiss... -.-- -
» Popovii Korov.
eieite Ses Seliteti ie, ei Se
» pratensis (Crantz) Bess.
» Rubtzovii Schischk. ---.-- -
» selinoides Halacsy
ab, Lehmbe) giiiet een. <0 \--*)
Silas akarsteee eC CeIn sie:
Sasama Wi 56 6 o 5 0 6 6 0 6
”
”
”
Sison L
(Mill.) DC., sect.
palustre Bubani
sisaroideum Schischk.
ot, sofmhoimlegere: ‘es Ke
Sison Ammi Ll.” f° +. adel cee See 379
Bimota ly 5 5) > 6 5 o 5 tua 6 375
Anisum Spreng. -- +--+ --:-: 445
crinitum Pall. ... +--+ ++: 539
erectum Salisb.. --.--+-+--: > 375
heterophyllum Moench .- - - - - 375
nodiflorum Brot... -+-.--+-+: > 372
Podagraria Spreng. ------ 455
rotundifolium Spreng. --.-- - 450
| a aero artes ocd Gh ese che ee 458
subgen. 1 Eu-sium Drude. - . . 459
2 » Eusium (Endl.) Drude . 458
fs III Sisarum Thell. 463
sect. FalcariaFicinus et Heynh. . 382
» Helosciadium Gaud.. . - 372
» 1 Sia genuina Koch 459
mu) dl syria IDICe” ooo oo 6 458
Amomum Roth... aes =e 375
angustifjolime UA Meecha) = c 466
aromaticum Lam... ..... .- - 375
Berula Jo F2 Gmelin’ “(20-12 - - 459
oD Giant Behe ee wis a 466
CarumoWiebertee> 5 5 2 Va: 386
GaruitBernh ec lin): aeteneiee WS Gs 386
Gicuia Web. . Biiwake Geeales 377
cicutifolium Schrank ..... - 460
x c. tenue Kom. . . . 463
Gonium Nest eh. Gare ees 225
crinitun’ Poise.) ke = = cs 540
Cyminosma Basin. ...... .- 465
decumbens Thunb. ...... .- 536
erectum) lugs s-) ines) niet ene 466
is var. macrodonK.-Pol. . . 466
s B. stenodon K.-Pol. . - . 467
Falcoriatk es) aes 383
falcatun’ Dubois, 26. eee. -.- 383
graveolens Vest. -.......- 371
Hippomarathrum Roth .... . 573
incisum> Pers. (jetties 8 469
javanicum Blume. ...... . 536
lancifoliumiUdbs =a anak =o 465
2 MB ies ataieotis. 6S 463
lancifolium Schrank ..... - 459
7 var. podolicum Pacz. . 463
latifolium@ sds y 2s eet sti 459
latifolium L. - + + + + © © 2 2 « 40
latifolium ucrainicum Fisch. 463
lineare Michaux ........ 460
longifolium J. et C. Presl 459
luteum? Sprengi-d- ees reel, 416
medium Fisch. et Mey. ... .- . 465
nodiflorums ls. |<) 4 - ee cw ae Bee 372
466
Sium nodiflorum Oed. ....... .
» peucedanoides Spreng. ... .- -
» Podagraria Weber .......
» podolicum Bess. ........
» wisilaus ‘Roth A: 4aach eae
» sisaroideum DC. ....... .
» \sisarum® LS). oe eee oe
“= 5 var. lancifolium Thell. .
” , a. vulgare Alef. ... .
» Suave Walt! a.c¢ivassionaiaeoee
» » var. angustifolium Kom.
»'saleatum ‘Pers: «=.= 5 ahs) eee
, /tenuelKom.>) 2%: = 20s deeoaeeee
» ftenuifolium Muhl. ...... .
» + Misnaga’ Stokes )-) een ee
sllivel core. Bernhs 0-1) ae ee
Smyrnieae Koch, trib. ........
Smyrniopsis Boiss.. ..--.-.-.-.-..-
2 armena Schischk. .
x Aucheri Karjag.. -..- -
Smyrnium |. 2/45) 50: suai oe
‘5 cicutarium M. B. .... .
” cordifolium Boiss... -.- .-
» Dioscoridis Spreng. ae
laterale Thunb. ....-.- -
s nudicaule M. B.. -..- - -
= olusatrum EdbiniaaGe -
D perfoliatum L. ..... -
Spermatura Rchb. ...-..-+.-.-+.- -
Sphallerocarpus Bess. ..-.-.-..- -
% Cyminum Bess. - - -
» gracilis (Bess.) K.-
Pole? a2inaeieeecs
x longilobus Kar.et Kir. -
* millefolius K.-Pol. . .
Sphenocarpus Korov. --..---.-- -
rs eryngioides Korov. . -
Spielmannia Cuss. \-)-) 0) eee
Stenocoelium Ldb.. ........-
R athamantoides (M. B.)
Ldbertubeteteie? 22
a trichocarpum Schrenk
Stenodiptera K.-Pol. .-....+-+-+.- >
7 armena Bordz......- -
* Haussknechtii K.-Pol.
* platycarpa K.-Pol... .- .
Stephanorossia palustris Chiovenda
Sympodium C. Koch =... -.- .-. -
$ simplex C. Koch... . .
Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey. .-.--.-.- -
‘ callicarpa Fisch. et Mey... -
Szovitsia (Fisch. et Mey.) Drude
470
470
123
123
123
124
532
396
402
364
364
365
Tenorea (Spreng.) K.-Pol., sect. 332
Tenoria fruticosa Spreng. .....- . 333
Tetrapanax ricinifolium C. Koch . . . 22
Thysselinum Adans. ........ .- 560
F grandiflorum Moench 230
Tilingia Rgl Pesta AM cLarey mele tr tele ists sit cel eaeti 549
> ajanensis Rgl. et Til... .. - 554
Tordylium Anthriscus L. ......- .- 155
+ asperum Gilib. ..... - 155
: cyrenaicum Spreng. 372
“as Vatifoliumplis ea: ee 20. | 174
5 MOCOSLETD NI Meare cu ual. aot 162
verecundum Salisb. . 155
Torilis INACTION S OO as ae ee 153
» Anthriscus Gaertn. .....- - 138
D if Emel eee eles 155
» anthriscus (L.) Gmel. .-.-- - 156
» Anthriscus ssp. eu-Anthriscus
Thell. 155
” ” ” ucrainica
Thell. . 156
» D var. japonica De Bois-
SVCUI iii ee cient 155
» arvensis (Huds.) Link .... . 159
» © ssp. divaricata Thell. . 159
» » neglecta Thell. 160
5 Bercesaet Rgl. et Schmalh. 166
» Chlorocarpa Spreng...... - 160
pe convexa Dulacs i) Gliskcuee ole 155
» divaricata Moench. ..... . 159
muelota @SPLeEnge cee) es be yon 155
punanelveticanGmel...) = oc +) + 159
7 0 var. pauciradiata
inautvawit ace os: 161
» heterophyllaGuss........ 160
» heterosperma Stev. ...... 160
» heterotricha Trautv. ..... . 165
PemininestauC@lairys a) o's) is fo oes 159
» 5 RGth eect a eae 160
os , var. heterophylla Rchb. - 161
Pe DORICA ID Orn niin ei.) cl 174
» japonica (Houtt.) DC..... .- 154
» lanuginosa Clairv.......- - 138
» leptophylla (L.) Rehb. 163, 164
» litoralis Calest. ..-.-....-.- 171
» macrocarpa Gaertn. ...-.-.- - 93
6 5 GooMelv.: sae os: 156
» microcarpa Bess. .-.-..-.--: : 156
» neglecta Roem. et Schult. . 160
» > var. pauciradiata
(Grogelis 66 660.5 161
od ifloraubulei ea. fer oo) 162
467
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. ..... .
» wcorientalisi@alestam-scmenes <6
» persica Boiss. et Buhse
» praetermissa Hance ..... .
» Yadiata Moench........
wa eravellayMoench®.. 1: lelln
ae iscabrarD@s 48 t.. See eet.. iss
pt selifolia Bosses. sae coke fy)
» Stocksiana (Boiss.) Drude . . .
” » Keto Poles eet se ke
onstrictamWhbelliws. :) on omer a acme
» syriaca Boiss. et Blanche . . .
» tenella (Del.) Rehb. fil. . .. .
» tumida Moench ....... -
yi mucKainica soprengs eel -n in -) -k-
xanthotricha (Stev.) Schischk.
Trachwearpe (Lange) Briq., subsect.. -
334,
Trachydiella Schischk., sent 245
Trachydium Lindl..........--
ie subgen. Eremodaucus
Drude. Aussies nae
% dichotomum Korov.
3 kopetdaghense Korov. . -
2 Lehmanni Benth. et
Hook. wieuierrracres. fu
” Popovii Korov. .... -
3 tianschanicum Korov.
= turkestanicum Lipsky
Trachyspermum Link. ......-.- -
” ammi (L.) Sprague. -
> copticum Link 0 6
Tragiella Schischk., sect. 440,
Tragiopsis Pomel. ....-.-+---:-
Tragium Spreng. -------- 422,
2 (Spreng.) Rchb., subgen. . .-
2 Anisum linkin) eae ee
5 aromaticum Spreng.
és a Spreng. et
Hoffm.
i fauricum lod beur-un-n- elena
Tragoselinum Mill. ....-.--- 422,
Tragoselinum (Mill.) Schischk., subgen. .
Tragoselinum Drude, sect. .-.. -
‘ Angelica Lam.
OO) GF co
” magnum Moench . . . -
Ps majus Lam.
» mS ILEVNs 6 6 0 0 8
2 saxifragum Moench. . .
Trinta Hoftm:.. &) 20s eos 6 oe 2 Ss
» subgen. Eu-Trinia Drude
Rumia Drude. . .
” ”
Pag
162
170
155
155
160
154
155
165
164
162
154
160
161
93
156
164
343
594
246
250
249
246
250
563
245
245
378
379
379
599
378
435
435
445
440
445
44]
427
427
427
455
431
431
427
427
349
349
358
Trinia sect. I. Eutrinia Drude 350
» crithmifolia Wolff. ..... - 358
meglauca qauects si-mew- dilate <2 352
» guberlinskensis Less... ...- - 356
> Henningit Hofimy)-:2- . = - 352
x > AUC Oke sea 352
» hispida Hoffm. var. glabra (Hen-
ning)? Dhelliws <\ievdee = 365
>. Hoffmann Boiss) a 357
Boy otinvannielViem > sai-ae-iencnen nen 355
D 3 Schmalh. .... . 351
5, J Miteibelliialidbyipees eee 351, 356
2 UKkatarbelin@MeGuBiaie een os cn 357
» leiogona (C. A.M.) B. Fedtsch. . 357
> Lessin nylon eee 351
» i Reb ited tege se & 356
» multicaulis (Poir.) Schischk.. . 352
oe emuricatasGodety-.-) nn en 356
» polyclada Schischk......- - 351
» ramosissima Fisch... ...-.- - - 352
i : Kar. et Kir. . 496
7 3 1D (ally Mee meee 351
ye useseloideswledbaraieey. 2 ee 362
» Stankovii Schischk.. .... - 352
y tauricasSchmalhees-) | 2 cro - 358
ei eetuberculatamuunc7. =) 2). -)-) =" = 356
» uerainica Schischk. ..... . 351
slurgeniasidorinm nee 2) fu) 174
Fi subgen. Turgeniodoxa K.-
Pole tae? ae tae ee ne 174
468
Pag
Turgenia heterocarpaDC. ...... 178
i latifolia (L.) Hoffm. 174
Umbelliferae Moris. ......... 36
Umbelliflorae Bartel., ordo. ..... 1
Uraspermum Nutt. 7 © = -> cee 148
3 aristatum Kuntze 149
Valerianella exscapa Stev. ..... .- 274
Visnaga”® Gaertn... «- = 1: eee 381
Visnaga Pers., sect. ©. +2) eee 381
5 daucoides Gaertn ..... . 382
a wera. Rat. "ss = oo eee 382
Waschingtonia Rafin.. ....... . 148
: subgen. Osmorrhiza C.
et (Koay en ae ae 148
= amurensis K.-Pol. . 149
s Claytonii K.-Pol. 149
Wadleria DC. : (2 +. 6)) ee 373
Woliatotim: -) 2 cn eee 139, 145
» (Hoff.) Thell., subgen. sea) WES)
pl ibericatlobim geen Cee 142
» Pecten-Veneris Bubani... .- - 141
> irechionms Inti. 6 6 5 0 5 2 145
Yabeatk.-Poler 2 a Soe 39, 174
» microcarpa (Hook. et Arn.) K.-
Pol 2° eee ae 39, 174
Zeravschania Korov.......... 412
Fe Regeliana Korov.. . . . 412
Jt.
Il.
Il.
VE:
VEGETATION REGIONS OF THE USSR
Abbreviated name
Arctic
il.
of WwW bd
Arc. Eur.
European part
6. Kar.-Lap
7. Dv.-Pech
8, IBalkt. ooo
9. Lad.-Ilm
RO ea Vedi alles
I Vea Keanna:
IAs. WeDo,"
14 gle D yal onc
14. V.-Don. .
15, IeSiASyy, 5
16, WoIDMAS. -<
dela yie HIBS iSisy erecta ve
ILS Mes ERIE eae ate
1@, Crweinag 5 ¢
2Q., 1k, Dom ¢
ils “kag Wi a
Caucasus
PROTA CASO cay
3.5," ADVERBS
24. W.Transc
25, 1d, IMPaASC,
2G, So Wieaanse:
Za eam Iie Myatt ene
West Siberia
28.
29:
310);
Sl.
Ob
2° 8 © © © © © ©
OP eke; (eh jeipitey ie: sey) eo)
e) he!) Leos cei) fone; (fe) nell ce.
eugene? ve ie) sei) len wep Le!
ola (ee) njecey Jeng en (a
ec) Le Die Vier lene) sieielk ise,
eipiet ie Sela ien a. qie)l ue
ahpicigco pled ied ease jor eie
ote) jel (8) gel} pe eiolie!has)
469
Full name
Arctic (European part)
Novaya Zemlya
Arctic (Siberia)
Chukchi
Anadyr
Karelia- Lapland
Dvina-Pechora
Baltic States
Ladoga-Il'men
Upper Volga
Volga-Kama
Upper Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Volga-Don
Transvolga area
Upper Dniester
Bessarabia
Black Sea area
Crimea
Lower Don
Lower Volga
Ciscaucasia
Dagestan
Western Transcaucasia
Eastern Transcaucasia
Southern Transcaucasia
Talysh
Ob region (from the eastern slopes
of the Urals to the Yenisei River)
Upper Tobol
Irtysh
Altai
V. East Siberia
Vi.
WANs
32. Yenis.
33. Lena-Kol.
34. Ang.-Say.
ee; (ey. ie! ye) 70) (ete
(On al ieckte tes se Het! Ken fei! Je:
o: tee. (oh (et lessee) ewe
al IM, “Ieieieions S456 oo
35 Daa,
Far East
36. Kamch.
SWicwie Olslan way
38. Ze.-Bu.
SO), WES o
AO se WISiSty cure
41. Sakh.
Soviet
42. Ar.-Casp.
43. Balkh.
44. Dzu-Tarb
A), 175 Ie
46. Kara kK.
48. Amu D.
AS), jsy7aGg IDE
HO, Jeeiad.a7eule
Slee we slay
a: Ber je) (et sfe) janie) Vege) te
ete, se, ie} veyuce: ce) yo}, ar, Ye
Yenisei
Lena-Kolyma
Angara River-Sayans
Dauria
Kamchatka
Okhotsk
Zeya-Bureya
Udar River area
Ussuri
Sakhalin
Aral-Caspian
Lake Balkhash area
Dzungaria-Tarbagatai
Ky zyl-Kum
Kara-Kum
Mountainous part of Turkmenistan
Amu Darya
Syr Darya
Pamir-Alai
Tien Shan
Accepted Regions for Indication of General Distribution of
Species Appearing in ''Flora of the U.S.S.R."
Bal.-As. Min.
Arm.-Kurd.
°
@! @ le) ‘se oe os
el ye, (fe) jer pe!) ‘sp ie; 0: ie (eo
stem ger (of) cere) (el (eile lice
©; sel" (elpuivl! sep (e. {e)) fe) aj ce
on Meh ee verhien fe he: ver (16) pce)
a, tol el Tel erie) a; key Cem ies, ver ue)) tel ne) seule:
ee wer eo 8) te 8) ee) ew
470
Arctic (Spitsbergen, Greenland and
farther)
Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark,
Sweden, Finland)
Central Europe (Germany, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria,
Switzer land)
Atlantic Europe (Netherlands,
Belgium, Britain, France, Portugal)
Mediterranean (including North
Africa)
Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor
Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan
Iran and Afghanistan
India and Himalayas
[Dzungaria-Kashgar area] Eastern
or Chinese Turkestan (Sinkiang)
Mongolia
Japan and China
North American coast of the Bering Sea
North America (U.S. A. and Canada)
Tibet
Other Geographical Abbreviations
Afr. Africa
Aust. Australia
Centr. Central
1D}, East(ern)
Gr. Great, Greater
Ife Island
Is. Islands
Mt. Mount
Mts. Mountains
N. North(ern)
15 River
S. South(ern)
Ww. West(ern)
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
1. The Russian term ''Srednyaya Aziya'' is, in English, Central Asia
(or Soviet Central Asia). Therefore the term Middle Asia has been used
for Russian ''Tsentral'naya Aziya,'' which is non-Soviet inner Asia, com-
prising western China (Sinkiang and Tibet) and Mongolia.
2. According to Russian usage, the European part of the USSR is
"eastern Europe.'' Therefore ''western Europe" includes the whole of
Europe outside the USSR.
471
EXPLANATORY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF
RUSSIAN INSTITUTIONS AND PERIODICALS
APPEARING IN THIS TEXT
Abbreviation
Bot.-Geogr.
issled. v
Turkest
Bot. Mat. Gerb.
Bot. inst.
AN SSR
- Bot. Mat. Gerb.
Gl. Bot. Sada
BotaZapa slice
univ.
Bot. zhurn.
SSSR
Byull. Glavn.
Bot. Sada
Byull. Obshch.
lyubit. estest-
vozn., antrop.
i etnogr.
Byull. Voronezh.
obshch. estestv.
Dendr.
Der. i kust
Der.i kust.
Kavk.
Dikie polezn. i
tekhnich.
rasteniya
SSSR
Dikorastuschie
r. Kavkaza, ikh
rasprostra-
nenie, Svoistva
1 primenenie
Dokl. AN Azerb.
SSR
Fullname (transliterated)
Botaniko-geograficheskie
issledovaniya v
Turkestane
Botanicheskie Materialy
Gerbariya Botaniche-
skogo instituta AN SSSR
Botanicheskie Materialy
Gerbariya Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada
Botanicheskil zapiski
Sankt- Peterburgskogo
universiteta
Botanicheskii zhurnal
SSSR
Byulleten' Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada
Byulleten' Obshchestva
lyubitelei estestvoz-
naniya, antropologii
i etnografil
Byulleten' Voronezh-
skogo obshchestva
estestvoispytatelei
Dendrarii :
Derev'ya i kustarniki
Derev'ya 1 kustarniki
Kavkaza
Dikie poleznye i tekh-
nicheskie rasteniya
SSSR
Dikorastushchie raste-
niya Kavkaza, ikh ras-
prostranenie, Svoistva
1 primenenie
Doklady Akademii Nauk
Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR
472
Translation
Botanical and Geographical
Investigations in Turkestan
Botanical Materials of the
Herbarium of the Botanical
Institute of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSK
Botanical Materials of the
Herbarium of the Main
Botanical Gardens
Botanical Notes of
St. Petersburg University
Botanical Journal of the
USSR
Bulletin of the Main Botanical
Gardens
Bulletin of the Naturalists',
Anthropologists' and
Ethnographers' Society
Bulletin of the Voronezh
Society of Naturalists
Arboretum
Trees and Shrubs
Trees and Shrubs of the
Caucasus
Useful Wild Plants and
Industrial Crops of the
USSR
Wild Plants of the Caucasus,
Their Distribution,
Properties and Uses
Reports of the Academy of
Sciences of the Azerbaijan
SSR
Fl.
Fl. Abkh.
Fl. Almat.
Zapovedn.
EL Alt.
Tk Alki, ik AB @raaussl
th
“ah k
‘
t
ns
< s
1!
,
3 p
‘
"h
At
Regie
iki
Hh
oe
a
ee
Ry
odes
ont
polis: (en
Akademiya Nauk SSSR
FLORA of the U.S.S.R.
Volume XVII
B.K. Shishkin, Editor
Umbelliflorae
(continued)
TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN
Published for the Smithsonian Institution
and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations
x
i;
uh
=
it,
OTANICHESKII INSTITUT IM. V.L. KOMAROVA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR
Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
FLORA of the U.S.S.R.
(Flora SSSR)
(Series initiated by V.1. Komarov)
Volume XVII
Umbelliflorae (continued)
Chief Editor B.K. Shishkin
Volume Editor B.K. Shishkin
Compiled by
E.P. Korovin, K.M. Koroleva,
A.N. Krishtofovich, I1.P. Mandenova,
A.I. Poyarkova, and B.K. Shishkin
Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR
Moskva-Leningrad
1951
Translated from Russian
Israel Program for Scientific Translations
Jerusalem 1974
TT 72-50068
Published Pursuant to an Agreement with
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
and
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Copyright © 1974
Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd.
IPST Cat. No. 60116 7
ISBN 0 7065 1299 5
Translated by R. Lavoott
Edited by Prof. J. Lorch
Printed in Jerusalem by Keter Press
Binding: Wiener Bindery Ltd., Jerusalem
Available from the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Va. 22151
1/7/83
Systematic Index of Species in Volume XVII
PRELAGS’ cloibly gine dls Grae DROME ARC en yO SRO EO OIC enn ake AeA APRA brat a/c
Genus 1037.
Genus 1038.
Genus 1039.
Genus 1040.
Genus 1041.
Genus 1042.
Genus 1043.
Genus 1044.
Genus 1045.
Genus 1046.
Genus 1047.
Genus 1048.
Genus 1049,
Genus 1050.
Genus 1001.
Genus 1052.
Subgenus 1.
Subgenus 2. Merwia (B. Fedtsch.) Korov.
Subgenus 3. Narthex (Falc.) Drude
Subgenus 4. Euferula (Boiss.) Korov..........-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Agasyllis Spreng.
Cis) WA SSyGLuek AWD, Moo ao oo paso et de poc 8
Xanthogalum | DEUTTES caanoeen ne en UN cy i
Levisticum Hill.
Glehnia F. Schmidt
Pais baba Besse, fio aes sat aes ote Sareea dens
JOUMeM Ay WDE oon a Secs e elt kop ERR
Pal OjOGU SE eS, Wiles bss Sado Js odes
SAPOSMMNURO Wiel SelmiselM 3 .250dco0cs
Ch mM DCQCarDW MN NICs bdeceec gases das
PORWILA Ibs P65 dbleobod docs be0d0a0 Geo 0!
Scorodosma (Bge.) Drude
Subgenus 5. Peucedanoide
Subgenus 6. Dorematoides
Korov
Genus 1053.
Genus 1054.
Genus 1055.
Genus 1056.
Genus 1057.
Genus 1058.
Genus 1059.
Genus 1060.
eccece r+ ee ee oo et oe te 8
Ladyginia Lipsky.
ERVOs iW map new DE.
ee eee ee ee ot te wt ee we ww
Ce
COMULOSSUUMM WA TUSEN, o5ocad00000n ssc
OVS ES se Meio aol AION AALS we aioe a dla oe: owacield
AMOCEWLCE Ibn Boogecg00ds0a200bo ob boc
Ni CMAMeEGIL GE IslOiiNg Les oe ess odo 0 oc
Coelopleurum Ldb.
Go O80) ONO O10 0. O'U Onn oO G0 9 Oo
see eee ee ee ee ee ee
eee ecst ee se eee eo eo 2
s (Boiss.) Korov. ...
(Rgl. et Schmalh.)
ee eeee eee ee oe we © Oo
see eee eee soe eee eee
eooee2ee eer eee ee we 8
«0 e@0e+e ee + eo ee oe Oo
S@MMiINAMMiLA IKWMEZC, ossccesscouo0ds
Komarovia Korov.
Ferulago Koch...
DION e) Tate aD Ol aeen-n-e
Opopanax C.Koch
eoeecee eee ee eo ewe wo
eeceese eo oe oe ee ee oe
«eer e eee ee ee oe woe
coc e ee ee ee tw eo ow
eoceer ee eee eo
Russian English
page”
vil
93
102
138
142
143
144
147
149
149
1595
165
RAISE
vl
98
101
102
104
105
106
106
110
118
* [The page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin of the text.]
ill
Genus 1061.
Genus 1062.
Genus 1063.
Genus 1064.
Genus 1065.
Genus 1066.
Genus 1067.
Genus 1068.
Genus 1069.
Genus 1070.
Genus 1071.
Bracseat BOT Ig Su vectehe eae Shave lena ee) eS faa
Preniieveta a iu mtna sea ove oe Arcs epeen Pe cieanan alee
@lerdin, Drars See = POW i ercran= ei gmt cee eee tena
PANTING SEMA Tos ada Pe et tif see Fisica epee here Cane eevenene
Kiorow nila NevskivetyWiveds = le. cire a7.
Mogoltavia Korov. ---...-.+--.-..
PEARS HTT ARTES YR ac anthken ct: sy aeetcmet nw ane er meen a eee
Symphyoloma C.AM.
neraelhew in Ib,
SLSMOLAEIMN A IONS, cosbacasdccdo oc
Madkal bia iilial “HOREMME Rata! tsters » cca veter nares
eC ry
Genus 1072.
Genus 1073.
Genus 1074.
Genus 1075.
Genus 1076.
ALOR acc ea ato NnHaMA Vous creer aie aA oie eit es
Platytaenia Nevski et Vved.
PEIQEMI NEGO SIS (COR A Ns leone oo eae
Oiimoscra dium” BOUss. 7 -)- ol ala
AUOm iy A Tatitta y Tek otek sas chao oe oh cess ai cee See
Genus 1077. Polylophium Boiss.
Germs IMO Tee MPENS Es Moy tea iolicn EAN lara sisi tee Hi
IMSS DEO SE eM DICE tiiaine anion Mulakun ontario otis 2h
Gems VOM S4 TDiAMiC Sal Aste spa} atstaneloiabs! rs! allel he ete taaalte
Genus 1030a.) Scaphospermum, Korov’ i: 2)... 0.
Gemise062a Paulop Vem a™ Sciischike) sac ae aeperne ete
Key to Genera of Umbelliferae Based onExternal Characters .....
etal IN SSBICEES: GIANG 08 cocidoas sidabice ncn Coole domes @
Heanauly CPO ermrC@onmlacede Link: rate wisi aa = isheya ojo pers ue cea
ISGW. ES) Gein) Vad Mian, Nelo So eae lo mraeirEtols: oe Sateen ea eet c
(SSMS, TOOL KE oie a AN Wena ord eS Aesiaieres el 8) oi
Gomusm CG vio xy Raf. i= ayeisias 4 oe! fe alas eee
Genus 1081. Chamaepericlymenum Graebn. ..
Genus 1082. Bothrocaryum (Koehne) Pojark.....
Genus 1083. Thelycrania (Dumort.) Fourr.......
Gouns me Acrn bia, Eb gs) .! 23)... ois ete te Meee
Addenda XVI (Diagnoses of New Species Mentioned in Volume XVII)
Eile Cxer nuh ADO UIE US aw serve Ns gone! 1A a4 eh) OL eters sae
We Seta wom Re orOusienythe sUISGR) = iets eral = 24s ©) 0 | o)-tsfeiene rn
List of Abbreviations
ee ee
166
168
203
208
211
214
215
222
223
260
261
266
268
273
275
276
278
219
287
288
292
293
294
315
315
316
317
319
324
329
331
347
349
361
118
119
145
149
151
153
154
159
161
185
186
189
191
195
196
Ie
198
mee) s)
204
205
208
208
209
224
225
226
226
228
231
235
236
248
200
209
276
219
SUBJECTS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Timea ol BS es Ane ANN A Me Mea MOE AU SYN Ra iat AT Editorial Staff
Genera: Conioselinum, Ostericum, Angelica,
Arcehangelivca, Cocelopleurum,
Agasyllis, Chymsydia, Xanthogalum,
Levisticum, Glehnia, Palimbia,
Johrenia, Phlojodicarpus, Saposhnikovia,
Cymbocarpum, Soranthus, Ladyginia,
Eriosynaphe, Schumannia, Komarovia,
Ferulago, Opopanax, Laser, Peucedanum,
Pulopleura,;, Anethum, Mogoltavia, Pasti-
naca, Malabaila, Zosimia, Platytaenia,
Pastinacopsis, Ormosciadium, Tordylium,
Polylophium, Laserpitium, Daucus,
Scaphospermum. Key to Genera of Umbelliferae
by External Characters ----+--+-++++see ester sees Arranged by B.K. Shishkin
Generawaien ular Olid basis. KVOmow i Mia 5 ese Arranged by E.P. Korovin
(ESLUS, ID) OIE 109) 20 aN eae Ae ee ane eRe esa Arranged by K.M. Koroleva
Genera: Symphyoloma, Heracleum,
SECMWOLASMIA 2 Aes job ame ciboduou > aaao. Arranged by I.P. Mandenova
aaa, (CKOMMENCSEYS Le Vea aay LAr ee 2 ean Arranged by A.I.Poyarkova
Reports on findings of fossils of plants ....-..+.+-.--- Arranged by A.N. Krishtofovich
Addenda — Descriptiones plantarum novarum in
tomo XVII Florae URSS commemoratarum.
The plates were drawn by the following artists: Z.V.Kobyletskaya — I-VII,
IX—XVI, XVIII—XXII, XXIV; S.P.Korovina — IX—XV, XVII; N.Z.Semenova-
Tyan'shanskaya — XXV.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF SPECIES IN VOLUME XVII*
Russian
Tribe 7. Peucedaneae DC. eae
Genus 1037. Conioselinum Fisch.
10299 Ll. Ce ivaginatum, (Spreng:) Thell. (9.0. 0.0000 20s 2 2) 2 ee 2
10300 5 24 latikolinm (RUPP 055.026 fs te PN EES 2000, Ee a 3
3:\C. kamtschaticum Rupr. ° 4.'.) js 05.8 EO ee 4
4. C. schugnanicum B. Fedtsch. . ....... 1... ee ee ee 4
SAC ailongifoliamoPunez. hj. eae arene a 6 NA ee 5
6:2 © berealesSchisehikes! (5:0 6 2.).6 uke w hae nad cles acide weg ae a 6
AG ONictorisochischkseucss a seas 2 es ake se Meee oakley ee 6
8. C. pinnatifolium (Korov.) Schischk.. ............2.2.. 9
Genus 1038. Ostericum Hoffm.
er OSoalustre “Besse isc aus, Sues, 2) ae claaee yew Ny ae ae ea 10
Genus 1039. Angelica L.
Section 1. Eu-Angelica DC.
WAS silVeStrismley cis run then ofa co ae eka oe hak SS ieee Ale an an ee 13
25 A. pachyptera alleme 20 42 ih eee. eee a ee ee 14
103103) (73: A’ refractar Fr) Schmidt’) «3 shesyacstn Mn eh eee 15
Section 2. Anisopleura Maxim.
a Avadachalinensis’ Maxim; (s° «js... 2. w2./2 Sco bey eee ee 18
Sa7h.vamurensis! Ochischk,..) 4.0/2) 2 fe) 6) 2/2) wh ey cee a eo 19
Section 3. Stenophyllium Schischk.
6: vA Fanomalaelallll 224 tric: use ee we ao) gates Co ea 19
0s As valwanalNalki 0 aps sce oe Ole, Ge. Wee tae tei an 5) a OR 20
* [This index has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original.]
** |Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.]
10320.
10330.
SyAoviridifiona (Rurez.) Benth. 3-2) .)4. (6 Se eee Or it
OreAeakoreanay Maxims css. fel lo usa eeu Sih et ENR eae do ioent uel: |. eae
10. A. Maximowiczii (Fr. Schmidt) Benth... .............
Section 5. Callisace (Fisch.) Drude
11. A. dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. et Hook... .......2.2.2....
Section 6. Angelophyllum (Rupr.) Drude
1250A\.ursina (Rupr.) Rel! et Schmalh. 02 Yo oe ee
Section 7. Mesangelica Rgl. et Schmalh.
i3seAG ternata’ Relsret:Schmalhy es) twain wee rete) eens
Section 8. Angelocarpa (Rupr.) Schischk.
14. A. brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedtsch. ...........2.2.2-..
Section 9. Czernaevia (Turcz). Schischk.
15. A. Czernaevia (Fisch. et Mey.) Kitagawa .............
16s7ACidecursiva,(Mig-) 'Franchess jo: jy. 2) lil of ns eae eae
Genus 1040. Archangelica Hoffm.
IRPACnoffreinalis (Moench))Hoffm.) . ¢-0 s.y-) sec. oye poe Sea eee
2evAValitoratisy (Eries)»Agardhy) .) oc. is, cl cots aiucr ce!) ee
ShAmr decurrensi le dbic. liye tan a0) eae eo os eae ie iene SH ee ee ae
AAC MINGOMATOVIIE SCHISCHIKH sige gos) fo. OM 5) SCA seal ey iain care
5. A. tschimganica (Korov.) Schischk.. .........+...4...
Genus 1041. Coelopleurum Ldb.
dee uGmelinin (DC.), Lbs. ys espe beware eta oy te tial eh
Genus 1042. Agasyllis Spreng.
Ie eAC@ latifolia (MeuB:)y Boiss. 53) yees, pein. Caiebh ti. etleetn aipearemulae aula:
Genus 1043. Chymsydia Alb.
1ENChivagasylloidesAllbs sist se). =) ete eee, ene Re tl rane
OS =
. X. purpurascens Lallem.
. X. Sachokianum Karjag. -------+--++:+.+:-:
. X. Tatianae (Bordz.) Schischk.
Section 4. Gomphopetalum (Turcz.) Schischk.
Genus 1044. Xanthogalum Lallem.
Vil
21
22
22
23
24
25
25
33
37
38
39
40
Genus 1045. Levisticum Hill
DL officinale Kochin ns) hoe) eet esc ok Boley Si a ea) eli CIE Mast tec
Genus 1046. Glehnia Fr. Schmidt
Le Gilitoralis) Ero Schmidtye yo 4ueh so veins) atest OUD aN Sat Ne ee ne
Genus 1047. Palimbia Bess.
LP srediviva (Pall (Thee (an cig o oo ye Oe ai ace aes ee
Genus 1048. Johrenia DC.
1. J. paucijuga (DC.) Bornm. ......... Fe OLE SIN! es! sc
Genus 1049. Phlojodicarpus Turez.
1s Phehsibiricus:(Steph>)) Ki-Polit: =. 02 oes) /S5ils seein te
103402. Phe villosus* lures 6.0 6 P 1 En ee MS eS ei
Genus 1050. Saposhnikovia Schischk.
1eSedivaricata: (lurez.)ochisechk.t. 0-8 3.0) 2) 2.0) hee
Genus 1051. Cymbocarpum DC.
PeuCeranethoides: IDG 2 S28) aa he Rote e kA ys appeal ot cere Com
DC \.erythracums(DCs) Boiss: iii +) Awa. 1 ee RRS) val ae
SG. 7 Wwiredemannil. Boiss: <1: 1G) « 3 2 oe eats Sona oe es ee eee
Genus 1052. Ferula L.
Subgenus 1. Scorodosma (Bge.) Drude
TRUER etascachocticlande Uh tue Five sored ate, nels. Ge eh Uke UNI CMAN tel ieee
Subgenus 2. Merwia (B. Fedtsch.) Korov.
Section 1. Saprosmia Korov.
DAP ie lati ONOV ee eis.) tes hose sem Veubl ee SEALs te cies eh te Merona ea Sateen
3.05. plurivattataNorov. <6... = agcett ee = Seti poe en
Section 2. Phacocarpa Korov.
AL solaberrimaskOrovue. ..)- -, =) =a fusb. ale Wermerked Cea cle eam
Bauke. primae vial MGnONie ) 6 meth sy) es A eek an.) sei ae
10350)-9 26.0 E.stersakensis \Korov seo tain eee es ae Se Bn ee
TisPepersical Wilders oho ici ita ek Sse Saas COs Ee. cl eee
Si nEe Vehimannin Boiss oi. is) po dee oe) RR SOR Si cere
OIF microl obai BOrssiyy eu fein je uk Se aut food ll RE Pe ee NER La ean See ram
10; F.mogoltavica Lipsky,; 2.0) 6.15. eR eh eta
Vill
Section 3. Discicarpa Korov.
TICRESGS 7 ovitsiana. De wie Ween atu ae, MG ad Creiorhi a: uN aay ey hangin abate 81
IP 18S Laer TEMES) Holle bio oe eo BB ovo Sn yee one 5 Siac 81
NEY ley Jkarelkellenaig * Serehvarsioo eho le Bo ase oe 9 fn Bape le leh ei 82
Subgenus 3. Narthex (Falc.) Drude
Section 1. Palaeonarthex Korov.
Group 1. Pachycarpae Korov.
AEs conocaulla KOTO es a eae Leuk en eee ta coisa kbs Se Bien 83
15. F. diversivittata Rgl. et Schmalh. ..--...-+........ 83
10360). (16: Fis, gigantea B.:Fedtseh. 25.4 2/0 6055)2 02 sR U8 oy Us 84
Wks ibvensis Kerasne. 38. ert ls) Gece ACRE ee OE Pea Eee nile Deca tae 84
Group 2. Platycarpae Korov.
[Stier MlatifoliasKoroves: RS ROT, 7D Ee teh Se ea Salt 85
MORRO ive latar Or OVE Scalia ora ete terete Yay en Ne AE tall ca UAL aie eS Creed Ua 85
Z20y°R.? Jaeschkeana’ Vatke=.5 6009s \Us/ at el ene aa te ee ern 86
21. F. foetidissima Rgl. et Schmalh. ..............2.2.2.., 87
D2rures kuhistanica KOorove occa t he a ha ee CL SORE Nata Oe 87
Section2. Neonarthex Korov.
235) Veep MOSa’ BOSS. ois) Fee der de’ oye eee mil) SR SSeS eel ee 90
JA ie Ubadrakema, KesPols os oe ee eet eee OR eiGe iecee Se Ane 90
25h teterrima Kar: eth irs, 1 eos. ain eal 2 Nhe ele NS ese en cullen gel el oa 91
AOSIO ee 26.R-aKrylovir. Korov. jis ly 2k ss ks a ei ae eueee ie 91
DIES oanesCens, Ldbav ue) eer May wale hee eae ER a ole wl gale esa mea a 92
28 be Svreitschikovil Kecholw fe) 2) oie Ne acute poe a ee ee 92
Subgenus 4. Euferula (Boiss.) Korov.
Section 1. Phyllites Korov.
29°F; Ikokanica Rgl. ‘et Schmalhot) 20 yn ee Re ee Be ee 93
SOMA tuberifera, (Korovsls lee ie Se uae enh) hen) doen Aeneid ah rente 94
31. F. foliosa Lipsky Re SPER Csth Sine ten UNE Tee gihy coe LOTUS. VURSMRS S. Veeev SUD eKeMn Renete wie eat AD RIS 94
S20 ie SaMarcandi cay WOnOws ie re he a eral as eRe Peta os sath Raa eA na 95
SiS WN SRG <5 | ET ota Se ro ern MR ee” Opa ei) Mss gM Oy Rei gt MALU fede) SL be tn 95
34F > lerophylla(K.=Pols)) Koray 160-0 fon tod to aa st moka aales Loe eek topes 96
SS AE orsubtilis: Korovigis eon) cee fea et aS) Seca ae Uy, SRR ta bemoan 96
POS8ON 236%, Fe’ NevskiKorovs ts. ct es ee ec lees al aca rain her an ana SE at 99
Siekorbinezevskil Koray) ais Oe & eeee os CEI oo NL OE er aa eas 99
Section 2. Anatriches Korov.
S8:cbAcKequisetacea *kc-Polkuca ss: us tee ek ae oh Ai ee IRAN EAE Ee ie ne ae ee 100
SOE. Koso-Polianskeyi oro 5) joy noe elas atll eb cal been iis ahs oe Le a) Na ea ea 100
40. F. Lipskyi Korov. Mase on) ST Ac Mes aa wae) eae Sh ase eg 101
A bet hedtschenkoanaw kcal sist Gs) hice Gl eek wae een ee ee Seeman 101
Subgenus 5. Peucedanoides (Boiss.) Korov.
Section 1. Keronarthex Korov.
Group 1. Ceratophylla Korov.
42. F./Grigorjevii, ButFedtsch: 24.18. 6 wa NS ee 102
43°F. prangitolia Korove's, ey 'sacy tt. ahs tae ey aes ROS 103
44. Fi Minkwitzae! Korovis o) 6) e oreae Saay SAOe Meier chistes tee 103
45.5 s pachyphylla, Korov. py osc ees lope louiey sakion ste Ge Gen 104
10390: 46K. ‘tschimganica "Lipsky) 222 eye ae eee ee eee 104
47. F. ceratophylla Rgl. et Schmalh. ........... ie ae 105
48.) F. karategina: Lipsky \s: 20...) 00th a NS PO 105
495 FY nudaSpreng.i 2 ket 296 ose een ee MES, eae 108
50° heuPotaninitWorovia sie ee eS aa ae 108
Sa nipianlasOG se, 2. eo eee Lh ic es 2 109
Group 2. Ovinae Korov.
SQMRA OVI ar DOISS 5) Woy doe) .8 ac oe fan Sees iel”! ty cols 4 Suet ag ea ean 110
SSuiKmicrocanpa Worove)io) 05.2166 02 oltg i ie! bela iss lake oe ale ene 110
SAn pRemashizakensis IKOFOVs..0.) <0 ofa. a eile Wee dx) te og aca op sl aa 111
D5 ee MiStyhoSamMOray ini." ceed die ral Mis ak al i at ak ia ene a ae 111
104005, 5629Fe lapidosal Korov. ii: 5 te ee eh ep Beets > 0k ie oe 112
Seok Wubroanenosa wWWOKOV. 2.8 ©. en\ctia 2 ya vy ig! ie) te oe ee 112
580s terganensis’ Lipsky . 2) 3.6202) 308 6G a). BM, 2 ee 113
SON Fedissectawld ba ve kts hx os de eee oe ee eo ee 113
GO.SEs ‘pallidawKiorov.e vs wectg a As) OE a 114
GL UFs tenuisecta ‘Korovees: tb a ed a ae? ae ie ee 114
G2 PecangrenteWorovc.. (6 Pts et tere ho Be Oi 115
63°>-F.“kopetdagensis /Korovs ! 0. --¢°-) . v-y 85 Se Oe ee 115
O4Esorientalisilss. 2a) he oy hae ape ele Oe Aa ep 116
650.F¢)>xeromorpha' Korevs) fii) cae cue -acveaeipe 4 eo heme 119
104105 266:4Fe ilingolata:Korov.s, <.-- .) < fies 36 8 ey 119
GietEscmollisvhorove see et hee ON CO ey ee 120
GSE tlatilobagWorove 1s). lee ee ee a ee AS A 120
Section 2. Macrorrhiza Korov.
Group 1. Sumbulus (Reinsch) Korov.
69> Fe moschata(Reinsch),,K.=Pol) © 4. *.. 20. 2 Se eee 121
70. F. pseudoreoselinum (Rgl. et Schmalh.) K.-Pol.. ......... 121
Group 2. Schair Korov.
MCE NeucographanWonrovgg ea cs, oe, be Ss eee Saye vs a ao ee 122
i2. bs involucratarorovic gts | = Gees tei, Tar eee eS eee 123
13. 0b. AutchisonitKeePolee cis: Cee. 2. RR Be ee ee 123
1AD. Ue oypsacear MOnOVie eli ah ii.ols vette ke 00s TU AS eee A AR 124
152 Ro ioamicalsNoravak toy oie 3s aie 8k 6 No Be a OS Ee aa 124
10420. 76. F. karatavica Rgl. et Schmalh..- ---- +--+ ++:
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
FS
F.
F.
F.
MEA tari RASCH! vc heueneesemic tet Viel: apnoea ee! 1 Ren i ales
SONATE OLSZOZ IN oie oe iL sthen mien ak incense fret cevake irre aid
badhysi Koro aus eats Woe hid ok Vacca a
oopoda (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss. ---------- -
eremophila’ Koray.) 2c) yteneehicn sich irene ahi
Group 3. Clematideae Korov.
82) BE) Korshinskyi Korov.) -)-- 0-9 =) yh 2 es ee
Reha clematiditoliawk<.-bolam eine eee) ewe ei ale alca
84. F. penninervis Rgl. et Schmalh. - - - - - -- + --- |
Son Ee Kaschikarovaly Korovae) Giaiin-y) tcl) hoist Nese:
Group 4. Lobulatae Korov.
10430. 86. F. transitoria Korov.. -- - +--+: +222 ste
87. F. akitschkensis B. Fedtsch. - - ------ +--+: : :
SsuibarsongonicalPall..¢ 2) 000-07) aap ae Weta ee a oe ‘
SOvuR oracilis* lab.” seen. so) cen yah is Waka te: Manne ees
90. F. karataviensis (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov. ..---.- -
Gl Eavicaria Koray. 200 ease te mani) al eh inti EPR
Subgenus 6. Dorematoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov.
92. F. Schtschurowskiana Rgl. et Schmalh. . -.----- -
93. F. feruloides (Steud.) Korov.. --.-.- - :
94, F. caucasica Korov. .--+-+-+++:: -
95. F. caspica M.B.. ------+-:- Ae bklcle Br ae es
10440. 96. F. dshaudshamyr Korov. ..--+---+----::: 5 ade
Genus 1053. Soranthus Ldb.
WS Meyer dba oe 21-0352 in ye Dag ies ert ae Sead a ge
Genus 1054. Lady ginia Lipsky
let etibucharioa Dipsky ta sco rane ence al ce ence hea
Genus 1055. Eriosynaphe DC.
INE Wlonoikolian(hisch:) DCs a0 eye. or a ne
Genus 1056. Schumannia Kuntze
1. Sch. Karelinii (Bge.) Korov. --- +--+ +++: ++:
1. K. anisopterum Korov. . . .-
Genus 1057. Komarovia Korov.
XI
142
144
146
146
149
Genus 1058. Ferulago Koch
Section 1. Euferulago Boiss.
1. -F.>eampestris: (Bess.); Greceseui 20s) >. ist) ne. AN athe V8 Ges ee 150
2.iFe daghestanica, Schisehk.: ) 023.) .) 2.20, a> 3 Se ed ee 151
BB taurica ~OChisChkny Gkons choise Ble ae EU ete gc Cee ate eins Nee eae 152
A Bo latiloba :Schischk... secs ee cake ke Use eee Pate setts a) = tel es ee 152
1O4508 52) Bsisetifolia Gt Roche oc ve) te Wee us ete ty ee PE as a te 153
62 EF.’ silvatica.(Bess.) Rehb) p02 2 2 ge ae he 154
Section 2. Anisotaenia Boiss.
7 Fe turcomanica Schischks) 2i) 2) jae! ete fae hoe ae ae a eee 154
Genus 1059. Dorema Don.
Tew pvAGEGhisOnL ROFOVS ike ok) Be 6 Weel Se Ue eRe Sch s hui (ees 158
ADR sabulosum -LAatwic va oo eo oie oe a AARON UD A SiR ae oy Ge |e dace ae 161
3a Dwikarataviense /IWorovee ccs, <= Gi- py Sele he ek od Re 161
4D) gummiferum (Jaub..et Sp.) KK. [Norol;,, -»-9* iy.) ee 162
Ree Daroruimosumi KeiKorol. 4.020) es p22 ogg eel ae 162
GoD wolabrumerisch.).et; Mey.i/0 0s.) see) 2) Ne ye 163
Te DaahyncanumphesP ol. 2.4% Wage Ase Uric N aeiekes 2 oon eee 163
MMOS ence Deamicracarpum Korove— 3-4-2 (200 | ee oe 164
OD Sanamianganicumehrs KOneles io ms) alice linia ee oy ch eee 165
Genus 1060. Opopanax C. Koch
i wOvarmeniacumeBordz. 6 as ost ae ee Baan
Section 2. Pubescentia Manden.
15 Hcgpubescens (Mii Bys/en tyne va he seis RDN ea
16. H. Mantegazzianum Somm. et Lev. ------ +--+ - 000°
igo eeioiGrossheimigMandens. ge tn tens owe) Sela) inca ian oa cd
18. Hi. Wilhelmsii Fisch. et Eallem, : 2 - = - = )- > 5 9-97 \> Gatos
TOM HaSosnowskyieMandens) eel kbc Fae clic! Rl ou uic ie) ck yes
DO HeeSommier! Mandens 612.8) 07 tie ts tore ae a
21. H. trachyloma Fisch. et Mey. - - ----- >> 2-0 ttt te
99. Fe Lehmannianum Bges)s = )). go -. -usiotid 6 ou cintiglng go) ie
Section 3. Villosa Manden.
OA onscabrumAllbe, jee sen she totts Sek epee el Moh ek tt oa one cram
94. H. Steventi Manden. ..------+++-:: > git ths oly Yet Sa RNa USP a
GEL eskovir Grosshet se mick 2 ER oA IO ROS RS meal
26. H. antasiaticum Manden. ...- . - - PACS NG SA oS. yi AS ea te
DfeHiatgrandifiorum Steven, - cor the ae a ee ae
Section 4. Wendia (Hoffm.) Manden.
98 He apastinacifoliumy.©. och) .-) = jy fe) 2) ay ho Fat ho a haan
99. Hechorodanumi\(Hoffm:)) DG. 02)... 1-0: hee) Mae? ah oe
30. H. transcaucasicum Manden. .~.--- +--+ es) ) > 0 2 tt ttt
STE GC rGSe Ute Ve, pe heck cy alow, Muu uts eat eat alco) Soe tal cite cee ene
39) Vio Schelkovnikovin Woront 0-06) + 20028 2 i
SoU He wAllbovinMandenc airs jo cele yee Se Gane ch eee ede cae gras
Section 5. Apifolia Manden.
SA be gapittoliumiBoisstaiees,< 20 2k 5 sii< Se he 1k Se ee ne
35H pligusticifoliumt Mo eB) (5 <<) 20327 gy 5) ea a
36. H. Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. - ~~ - - - 7 2 2 ee
Genus 1069. Heracleum L.
Section 1. Euheracleum DC.
XV
231
232
234
234
235
236
236
237
238
238
239
240
241
242
242
243
244
244.
245
246
246
247
248
249
249
250
251
252
253
253
254
255
256
257
257
10560.
10570.
=
BO
FwoOn re
H. transiliense (Rgl. et Herd.) O. et B. Fedtsch. .........
ass PN) gid Eek Mey aera Ee EAN es WUE MAY tbe Te RRA MUR is gM LIRR
Hie jugatum® Boiss.) 040 2b ail ge See ae MM Ve Va STE em 2 oat Si 2 ok ct ie
Fis icaspicum DC. 67 Hee ed Ak Sake Meena aN he Pan Tea Na et
Fe cuneiforme yi DE 2 ate Ply she eRe a AEN rote Ue OR Mico An gg RC: ai
Genus 1070. Stenotaenia Boiss.
S. danalaghezica )(akht,) Schisehke (vee cu elu 5 os | ese
Genus 1071. Malabaila Hoffm.
Messuleatan(@s iach) Boisss.0-) as) oe oe seed Set th mews
M. dasycarpa (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk. ..........
Mivdasyanthas (G2 Koch) Grosehse-) © 2.) -)) oun hu cao ne
MM. oraveolensi(M.-B:)wHoftm:. 2s) 8 0.0.7 25a eR ae eee
Genus 1072. Zosimia Hoffm.
Zeeabsinthifolia (Vents): Link,” 2 Vass sk 8 oi 20 Ns
Amtovdyloides’ Koreve felis ME eh iakevar lie ey NY aati es i nae
Genus 1073. Platytaenia Nevski et Vved.
Section 1. Euplatytaenia Schischk.
Pe pimpinelioides*Nevski> «\ .° - +0. 202" 27. < Ame 2 RO eye eaves
Patdepauperata: Schisehkse. 92% 3.5. 4. 1. PRR NARs ake ae
Pe ipamirican(lipsky)) Nevski et \Vved.2 - <2 - 0-1) « ).)emee eine
Pa bucharica’ Schiseleary 2% 2 0 2.0 ye SY See a
PiheterodontaWoroveie ish hess |e Ss taha. e ee kee
Section 2. Pseudoplatytaenia Schischk.
Pe Komerovam(Manden.) Schisehk. = 7. 2 \50 0 cus oi Meo. inact
PrGRubtZovuNSeMischk, coke ee ete ec ed eee aw lnoethel ten, eyo in a mm
Genus 1074. Pastinacopsis Golosk.
Puclaeraliss Goloskes.p./¢2 chal. yee ach 4 e uit ek ea eee Tene ac
Genus 1075. Ormosciadium Boiss.
© pulchrumischischk., - (205-2. - 0) 0-0: eee eae eee
Genus 1076. Tordgylium L.
USTs ater iri Wb Cer ted Aetna Taye Fa ee Sinker ied Nien TaD A BS
Te Komarovil i Mancdened wig iis esse 2 il ee al Pe A de ea
XVI
258
259
259
259
259
260
261
262
263
263
267
267
269
270
270
271
271
Fie
213
274
276
277
278
Genus 1077. Polylophium Boiss.
le Paabantutini | landeetu.s chisel tye meiue ae sie iene eile etnies cin teat 279
Genus 1078. Laserpitium L.
Section 1. Platyphylla (Rchb. fil.) Thell.
TT os HIER [itv soot Dy Manele rm nae Mera nese Mite tA ede Ma aL Me gain y ec oNt/ty Cle. MAU tye 281
rpleawal pinum\yaValast- ety hit.) ems.) Ge ae ee sere se hunni! 6, yuh 282
Sea lbeeat hime peel Behan ows eke een att te Be ert hh SE Wear 3 TRON aig Se eRe 282
Section 2. Daucopsis Thell.
WOO), ho IGS Ioncrorclnion, ING IBS oe eG ras va ieee ai I ach Mt a tO ee MnO An 283
Syleestevent bischs et irautve oleae) a eo he Bea Ne ty Gi ah HE Ny 284
Gave soprutemicumy iy vciwen, eww euitet ue aja ong ce A era a Mirae Oa anita Minin 285
Tribe 8. Dauceae Drude
Genus 1079. Daucus L.
Jee De xcanotay steric, eal he aa ese Nae ieee eB uon Oe ALA aes Aah ig 288
DEAD se sativus (blofime)wivoehilsy Jee Wwe ew reas hme nef et ocak Se nearest aa 291
Genus 1030a. Scaphospermum Korov.
eee Guibas ALIS ITN OEO Veit ee eee es URI ANH SERENE SY Sct 2d See ene pe a 292
Family CXX. Cornaceae Link
Genus 1080. Cornus L.
TPN s( CLS IES ay CRG OME IN NLR LET Ue Rete avec MS VEEL Suman UNA am ra arene sl an age 316
Genus* Cynoxylon Raf.
Section 1. Benthamidia (Spach) Pojark.
i Cohlonidav(is). Rakwiey ate bse : USSU MPR ae HI A nen UR 319
Section 2. Benthamia (Lindl.) Nakai
= = Gy capitataa (Wall): Nakano ue. 4 Hin cen: int cay en tale aioe a eee ae a 321
Genus 1081. Chamaepericlymenum Graebn.
lee Chevsuccieumm@Gbs) im Grae brnvenes ss yah aa. Weta) pom aes ea ee ene 325
2re@hee canagense (LA) ¢Graebin. .A0ses el Weg hie eee ce Noein: nae aa tame 327
3s (Cli. winallaccloikemeg (bellos)) PRiyallag ¢ 2 2 6 3 6 6 6 o ele Sola oo 5c 328
XV1l
10590.
10598.
Genus 1082. Botrocaryum (Koehne) Pojark.
1. B. controversum (Hemsl.) Pojark. . . . .
Genus 1083. Thelycrania (Dumort.) Fourr.
Section 1.
Th. Koenigii (C.
Amblycaryum (Koehne) Pojark.
Th. brachypoda (C. A.M.) Pojark.
K. Schn.) Sanadze -
Th. sanguinea (L.) Fourr.. - -
Th. australis (C. A. M.) cords
Th: iberica (G. Woron.) aes
Th. Meyeri Pojark. . ae ae
Th. darvasica Pojark. .
Section 2. Albidae (Wanger.) Pojark.
See liherallbas (eye boyarkerays cet oc 2) Yulee done
— Th. stolonifera (Mchx.) Pojark. . .
— A. japonica Thbg.
Genus* Aucuba Thbg.
XVill
330
333
334
336
337
338
339
343
344
346
347
PREFACE
Volume XVII concludes the description of all apetalous and choripetalous
orders of the dicotyledonous flora of the Soviet Union. It also marks the
conclusion of the second and largest stage in the preparation of ''Flora of
the USSR" by Soviet taxonomists. Volumes V to XVII dealt with 83 families
comprising 733 genera with 7,080 species. Apart from this the most wide-
spread cultivars were studied and classified. The present volume also in-
cludes a special section devoted to the families described in volumes V to
XVII.
Volume XVII deals with the remainder of the Umbelliferae and Cornaceae.
The largest genus of Umbelliferae in terms of species described in this book
is Ferula, which includes landscape plants of Central Asia. Many of its
species yield valuable resins for technological and medicinal uses. In
1947 a monograph of Ferula was published by E. P. Korovin. The
treatment of the difficult genus Heracleum, which is very variable in the
Caucasus, is by I. P. Mandenova, who published a monograph on the
Caucasian species of this genus in 1950. B.K. Shishkin is responsible
for the descriptions of many genera of Umbelliferae. The treatment of
Cornaceae is by A.I. Poyarkova.
The Editors
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Tribe 7. PEUCEDANEAE DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 57, 170.— Flowers
bisexual or polygamous. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals oval or obcor-
date with inward curved tip; stylopodium usually prominent; fruit markedly
compressed dorsally; all or only the 2 marginal ribs winged, these usually
much wider than the dorsal.
Genus 1037. CONIOSELINUM* Fisch.
ex Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed. 1 (1814) 180 and XXVIII; ed. 2 (1816) 185.— Vvedenskia Korov. in
Bot. mat. gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 10
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly obovate, notched, with
inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, longer than
stylopodium; fruit ovoid-oblong, strongly flattened dorsally; mericarps with
the 3 dorsal wings much narrower than the marginal; primary ribs without
distinct fascicles; 1—4 canals under valleculae, 4—8 toward commissure;
albumen flat toward commissure. Perennial glabrous herbs, with 2—3
pinnate leaves.
Up to 12 species in the mountains of Central Asia, throughout Siberia to
the Pacific Ocean, in North America, North and Central Europe.
ils Leaves simple pinnate, with 2—5 pairs of ovate, dentate or incised leaf-
MESES MOAN) ps, Sy 80-5 sie edge) Say Same Se oie, SAD os 0 ah ci Bee ate Sel. > es le, 2.
fy AROS 2 SPAT AG eo oy be ota > le Nee ES eee, wih» ROP take Don ohhh soa eee eee 3:
Paaminaolice!s, absent Centr,~ Asia). 2 vst leas oat bee ele eee eee
MEP BIO Sash, ass oy ot a ts 8. C. pinnatifolium (Korov.) Schischk .
+ Involucels of 5—7 lanceolate leaflets (Okh.)... 7. C. victoris Schischk.
3. Terminal leaf lobes linear, 2—5 cm long, 1—3 cm wide, entire ..... 4,
ar Terminal leaf lobes ovate or lanceolate, 0.5—2 mm wide, dentate or
TEAL COI Ct SOE Ty Eee oe os) Sasa sue ba ool i or oktee ie) sae eens meena 5)
4, Umbels of 10—15 rays, Scie scabrous above; leaflets of involu-
cels linear with narrow scarious margin (E. Siberia)..........
oe ht EET AE Ra a “Eah ee Sec yee he 5. C, longifolium Turcz.
ae Umbels of 7—10 rays, glabrous or obscurely scabrous above;
leaflets of involucels filiform or narrowly linear, usually without
scarious margin (N. European part)....... 6. C. boreale Schischk.
5. Nearly all leaves radical; stem 10—40cm high with 1 leaf or leafless
COVAREERS Ertl 17 op SU a gi tno oe aS Os 8 ea 4. C. schugnanicum B. Fedtsh.
F stem ieher 5010 ema ela Wea ya ete on hates Ses ok) op eee een wees 6.
* The name is composed of two generic names: conium (see Volume XVI, page 225) andselinum
(see page 560).
6. Fruit 6.5—8.5 mm long, 4—5mm wide; leaflets of involucels usually
longer than umbellets (Far East)........ 3. C. kamtschaticum Rupr.
+ Fruit 3.5—6 mm long, 2.5—4mm wide; leaflets of involucels as long
asjor Shorter than wmbelveps (Ps jiai aie: cat ane tay wis etches eae ee %
to) Mericarps with 4-8 ‘canals toward commissure. y . 10s... osu
Sau at PM aOR Lane tras Male Mua ire Marae: Se See 1. C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell.
+ Mericarps with 2, often obsolete canals toward commissure (Mtn.
Cent wal Nera Gs We. oe Guenter Nee geet re Renn a ar 2. C. latifolium Rupr.
Series 1. Vaginata Schischk. — Terminal leaf lobes ovate or lanceolate,
dentate.
1. C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. in Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mitt. -Europa,
Ve 2009216) 1329. Krylk, “Zap. Sib; VII, 2061.°— CC, tatarucammmecas
ex Hofttm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2\(1816) 185. = ©. inericum Misch mimes
sem. Hort, Petrop. (1824)'22; nom. — C) Fischeri Wimm, et Graby al
Silese Wu @eaia26e. DC. Prodr. iv, 164: tdb.* hl Rosse ie) 200s mes
neglectum Fisch. ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 1(1840) 403, 404. —C,
Gmelini Steud. i.c. (1840) 403, non Coult. et Rose (1900). — C. uni-
vittatum Turcz. ex Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XV (1842)
363. —G. altaicum Rupr. in Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. XI (1859) 22 —
Digustveum vaginatum Spreng. Pugill) (1815) 57. — 1.) W ve ebrera
D: Dietr. Syn. Pl. II (1839—1852) 960: Shmal'g., Fl. I, 402.— Angelica
chaerophyllea Lottermoser in Eysenh. Diss. inaug. De accur. pl.
compar. (1823) 12.—Selinum Gmelini Bray in Denkschr. Bayer. Bot.
Ges, Regensh. il igls) 9362 db. El, “alt. 1, 318. — Ic.- Rehbs iicy etiam Grew
FOC awl omreishcha. Tile Els) Moskove iotlon linea er
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; stem 50—150 cm high, cylindrical,
slightly furrowed, slightly geniculately curved at nodes, branching in upper
part, covered with glaucous bloom; lower leaves 15—30 cm long and as
wide, petioled, broadly triangular, 2—3-pinnate, green, shiny above, paler
beneath, two lower lobes of the first order ovate or oblong, their petioles
much larger than the rest; lower lobes of second order short-petioluled,
ovate-oblong, pinnately divided into 1.4 cm long, 0.3—2 cm wide, ovate-
lanceolate or oblong, pinnately incised or large-toothed lobes of last order,
with faintly involute slightly crenate-scabrous margin; petioles gradually
expanded to long amplexicaul sheath; upper leaves smaller, sessile on broad
inflated sheaths diverging from stem. Umbels 6—10 cm across, of 15—30
long, nearly equal rays scabrous above; involucre of 1—3 deciduous leaf-
lets or absent; umbellets many-flowered, 1.2—2 cm across, with rather long
scabrous pedicels; leaflets of involucels many, linear-filiform, with scabrous
margin, longer than pedicels; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcor-
date, with blunt or acute inward curved tip, peripheral slightly larger than
others; fruit glabrous, shiny, ovoid- oblong, 4—5 mm long, ca. 3mm wide,
canals 1—3 per vallecula, (4)6—8 toward commissure; stylopodium short-
conical. July—August. (Plate VIII, Figure 2.)
|
|
i
i
-a
|
i
=
i
/
Coniferous, mixed and birch-aspen forests, forest edges, shrubby for-
mations, damp meadows. — European part: Kar. -Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.
Sinema ewe Wes, Vebai “és ro : LEE A
co SS i OA Gf ONS SS ATE 3 =
PIR =a AS MEE Se ANY A th Te5 +e
g z = ay & Xs <2 Oa Apres Ss SA Ba cath
Ss — WUE WALI Po NS ie 2 gh: EY ar a Ss
i. Seas Dae [ / a ZS AER LY. gli; Ahh derZ 2 ar
b = “4 eS, = LENO ae 5
iN
us
=
Mt
{at
2—A. ternata Rgl. et Schmalh.
1—Angelica brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedtsch,;
PLATE I.
14
60116 7
Sciences of the USSR lack underground parts. If one day such septa will
be found in the American plant, then it may be regarded as identical with
the Far Eastern plant for above ground there are no differences between
them.
Section 2. ANISOPLEURA Maxim. Prim. Fl. amur. (1859) 127. —
Dorsal ribs filiform, the marginal broadly winged, canals in valleculae
superficial, nearly black in color, much wider than dorsal ribs.
4. A. sachalinensis Maxim. Prim. Fl. amur. (1859) 127.— A. Kawa-
kamii Koidz. Fl. Symbol. Or. -Asiat. (1930) 45.—Ic.: Sugaw. III. FI.
Saghal. III (1940) tab. 645.
Perennial; stem 1—2.5m high, 1.5—2 cm thick, hollow, glabrous, upper
internode densely covered with short hairs, branching; radical leaves
broadly triangular, 30—50 cm long, nearly as wide 2- or nearly 3-pinnati-
sect, their more or less long petioles abruptly passing into inflated sheaths;
primary lobes on more or less long petiolules, lobes of last order ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, 5—12 cm long, 2—4.5 cm wide, the lower petioluled,
others sessile, often decurrent, bright green above, paler beneath, glabrous
above and beneath, with broadly triangular, acute, antrorse teeth; lower
cauline leaves similar to radical, upper leaves smaller, in the uppermost
blade obsolete, sessile on strongly, sometimes nearly spherically inflated
sheath. Umbels 8—17cm across, of 20—50 nearly equal, short-scabrous
rays; involucre absent; umbellets 1—1.5cm across, 30—40-flowered, with
pubescent pedicels; involucels of 5—9 linear, herbaceous, unequal, erect,
caducous leaflets; petals white or slightly pink, 1.5 mm long, notched, with
inward curved lobe; fruit broadly ovoid, 4—6 mm long, 3—4.5mm wide;
mericarps with 3 protruding dorsal and broadly winged lateral ribs; canals
single in valleculae, taking up entire space between ribs; stylopodium short-
pyramidal, with slightly undulant base; styles reflexed, 2—2.5 times as long
as stylopodium. July—August, Fr. September. (Plate VIII, Figure 8.)
Shrubby formations, willow woods.— Far East:Sakh. Endemic. Described
from W. Sakhalin. Type in Leningrad.
5. A. amurensis Schischk. sp. novain Addenda XVI, 352.—A.anomala
auct. plur. Fl. Extremiorient. non Lallem.
Perennial; stem 80—200 cm high, hollow, glabrous, distal internode only
short-scabrous-hairy branching; radical leaves 40 cm long, 30cm wide,
3-pinnate; cauline leaves with petioles shorter than blade, 3-pinnatisect,
with 2 pairs of primary lobes, terminal lobes ovate, lower petioluled, some-
times with 1—2 basal lobes or sessile, upper decurrent, acute,with narrowly
triangular, unequal acuminate, antrorse teeth, dark green and scabrous along
nerves above, paler beneath, glabrous along nerves, blades of uppermost
leaves much reduced, sessile on strongly, nearly globularly inflated sheath.
Umbels 10—20cm across, of 20—40 acutely scabrous-hairy rays; involucre
absent; umbellets 30—40-flowered, with short, hairy pedicels; involucels of
5—7 linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, scarious, often violet, caducous, spa-
ringly hairy leaflets; petals white, ca. 1mm long, not deeply notched; fruit
broadly ovoid or subglobular, ca. 5mm long, 4mm wide; mericarps with
3 protruding dorsal and broadly winged marginal ribs; canals single in
valleculae, taking up entire space between ribs; stylopodium short-conical;
styles reflexed, 1/.-2 times as long as stylopodium. Fl. July—August, Fr.
August—September. (Plate VIII, Figure 7.)
Oak forests, oak-birch forests, shrubby formations, meadows.— Far East:
Ze. -Bu., Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Ch. (N.), Jap. Described from the Kha-
barovsk area. Type in Leningrad.
Section 3. STENOPHYLLIUM Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XVI, 353. -
Fruit ovoid, narrowly winged along margins, dorsal ribs filiform, hardly
protruding; terminal lobes oblong or lanceolate, 2—5cm long, 0.5—1.5cm
wide; sheath of upper leaves cylindrical-oblong, finely velutinous outside.
6. A. anomala Lall. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. IX (1842) 57 et Suppl.
ad inde wixXe 22s minrez. Add: Jhily batews dah. ps) OVI a AS sm onnacmiel
Brancusi tiroliayLdb, Hl Ross. 11(1844—1846))295..— VAS isiylingels irasins
8B angustifolia Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XVII (1844) 738. —
20) Pencedanuma janice lieito lium) lurez. in Bull.” Soc.) Nar iMescae et
(1838) 93, nom. nud. et 1. c. XVII(1844) 738 nom.
Perennial; root erect, 0.6 cm thick; stem 40—150cm high, hollow,
cylindrical, thinly ribbed, finely and obscurely velutinous below, more dense-
ly so along upper internodes, branching above; radical and lower cauline
leaves on long petioles abruptly passing into oblong, very short-haired
sheath, 2-pinnate, 18—25 cm long, 12—15 cm wide; primary lobes petioluled;
lobes of last order oblong, broadly or narrowly lanceolate, sessile; upper
decurrent along petioles, acute, acutely serrate, 3—5 cm long, 0.5—1.5cm
wide, glaucescent beneath, glabrous; sheaths of median and upper leaves
oblong-cylindrical, amplexicaul, nearly not divergent, densely covered with
short hairs on outside; upper leaves smaller, cut into linear lobes, sessile
on slightly divergent cylindrical sheath. Umbels 3—14cm across, or 20—35
scabrous-hairy rays; involucre absent; umbel rays glabrous; umbellets
ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucels 3—5, subulate-linear, caducous, some-
times absent; petals white; fruit ovoid, 6mm long, 4mm wide; dorsal ribs
protruding, acute, marginal winged, wings ca. 1mm wide; stylopodium coni-
cal; styles reflexed, twice as long as stylopodium. July.
Banks of rivers and streams, damp forest plots, willow woods. — E. Sibe-
tias) Daw. Endemiey Described trom the Areoun River. ly per mpéenunieiace
Note. Until recently, this species was widespread in the vicinity of the
Amur. OurA. amurensis Schischk. was erroneously taken for A. ano-
mala Lallem. The authentic A. anomala has a very limited distribution
area, being confined to the Argun River in E. Siberia. A typical character
of A. anomala sensu stricto is the external pubescence of the sheath of
the upper leaves and on the lower side of the small leaflets.
7, A, jaluana Nak. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXVIII (1914) 314.
Perennial; root vertical, 0.8 cm thick; stem 80—100cm high, 0.5 cm
across, erect, violet, thinly ribbed, branching above, glabrous below, short-
scabrous-hairy in upper half; leaves ovate-triangular, 30 cm long, 25 cm
wide, 2- or nearly 3-pinnate, their short petioles passing into long
16
21
22
cylindrical, amplexicaul sheath, velutinous in upper leaves; lobules of last
order narrow-ovate, acute or acuminate, acutely and finely toothed, 2—4cm
lomo Oa leo crm wide,” Wimbells opt Oem! actors, Ol Oko.0 scabrous-hairy,
unequal rays; involucre absent or of 1 deciduous leaflet; umbellets ca. 1 cm
across; pedicels short-scabrous; involucels of 3—7 filiform leaflets;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, ovate, with dark midrib, notched,
with very short inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 4mm long, 2mm wide, with
filiform dorsal and narrowly winged marginal ribs thinly covered with short
sparse hairs. July—August.
Gravels and clayey-sandy floodplains of rivers —Far East: Uss., Ze.-Bu.
(G@yemea River basin), Gen. distr: Jap,-Ch: Described trom the Valu
River valley in N. Korea. Type in Tokyo.
Section 4. GOMPHOPETALUM (Turcz.) Schischk. comb. nov. —
Genus Gomphopetalum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1841) 579;
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 294.— Calyx-teeth ovate, persistent; petals with well
defined claws, white or greenish; fruit ellipsoid, with filiform dorsal and
winged marginal ribs, stems with acute or obtuse protruding ribs.
8. A. viridiflora (Turcz.) Benth. ex Maxim. in Mél. Biol. IX (1873)
Sores) dle vian"chizia. sillier GiGi Goran pl. @)pKe) tral suman yy; a acl praia
rum Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X1(1838) 93, nom. nud. et op. cit.
Gicztia ES 0n(desici,): Idi ims Rossy Wi 204 lmuteza tile: baer aclellie geo 0 tea
Ostericum viridiflorum Kitagawa in Journ. of Japanese Botany, GIL,
A 5( 19135) 232.— Ic.: Kom. and Alis:, Opred. rast. Dal’nevost. kr. 1
Pallas 210) ( F932).
Biennial or perennial; root 0.5—1 cm thick, erect, entire plant glabrous;
stems 50—100 cm high, branching above or from middle, angular- ribbed;
all except uppermost leaves with long petioles gradually passing into sheath,
sheath usually much longer than blade, this 2-pinnate, triangular, 10—20cm
long, 13—20 cm wide; primary lobes petioluled, pinnatisect, into sessile or
short-petioled, ovate, acute or acuminate, 3—8 cm long, 1.5—9 cm wide, un-
equally and acutely dentate, leaflets secund at base. Central umbel sub-
sessile or on 6.5—3 cm long stalks, lateral umbels usually on long stalks,
at base of central umbel; umbels 4—9 cm across, of 13—15 glabrous or
obscurely scabrous rays; involucre absent; umbellets ca. 1cm across;
involucels of 5—9 linear-lanceolate, acute, unequal leaflets, shorter than
pedicels; fruit ovoid, 6—7 mm long, 4.5mm wide, deeply notched at base,
dorsal ribs filiform, marginal winged, wings ca. 1.6mm broad. Fl.
July—August, Fr. September.
Meadows, frequently in damp, shrubby formations, forest edges.— E.
Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchuria.
Described from the area between Chimdant and Nerchinsk. Type in
Leningrad.
9. A. koreana Maxim. in Mél. Biol. XII (1886) 471; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh.
Ill, 161.—Ostericum koreanum Kitag. in The Journal of Japanese
Botany, Sl, 4—5) (1935) 235.
23
cum Maximowiczii Kitag. in The Journal of Japanese Botany, XII,
Perennial; stems 80—100 cm high, cylindrical, glabrous, scabrous-hairy
only under umbel, with distinctly protruding obtuse ribs, slightly branching;
leaves bi- or triternatisect, broadly triangular, 36—40 cm wide; lower leaves ©
with petiole gradually passing into oblong amplexicaul sheath; secondary
lobes petioluled, lobes of last order oval, 2—4cm long, 1.5—3.5 ecm wide,
acute, nearly trifid, emarginate-serrate with acute teeth, scabrous along |
nerves on both sides, uppermost leaves very small, sessile on linear-lan-
ceolate, not inflated sheath. Umbels 6—7 cm across, of 10—20 scabrous rays;
involucre of 3—7 lanceolate-linear erect leaflets; umbellets ca. 1 cm across;
involucels of 5—7 linear or narrowly lanceolate acute leaflets; calyx-teeth
conspicuous, persistent; petals white, rounded, tapering to very short claw,
notched, with inward curved lobule; fruit nearly tetragonal, 6 mm long, 5mm
wide, dorsal ribs filiform, marginal winged, wings 1.5mm wide; 1 canal per
vallecula, 2 toward commissure. Fl. August, Fr. September—October.
Meadows and shrubs. — Far East: Uss. Gen distr.: Korea. Described :
from the coast of Pos'et Bay. Type in Leningrad.
10. A. maximowiczii (Fr. Schmidt) Benth. ex Maxim. in Mél. Biol. IX
(1873) 2537) Kom. 2. Man'ehzh. 111, 163;— Gomphiopie tal wm eiiloeeie A
i
|
mowiczii Fr. Schmidt in Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur (1859) 126.— Osteri-
No. 4-5 (1935) 282.— Peucedanum vaginatum var. glabrum Freyn
in Ostenr. Bot. Zeitschr, (19102)'111 non 'Turcz/— le, : Kom. Vand eaiice
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. tabl. 248 (1932); Sugaw. III. Fl. of Saghal.
Mi(CGAG) taba 64,..— xs. : G.R:b. No. 2603; F. Karo; Pil Varun
zeaens. No. 383 (sub Peucedanum vaginatum @ eae, joxerat ca).
Perennial; stem 80—100cm high, glabrous, cylindrical, simple or branching;
above; lower leaves 2-pinnate, long-petioled, their blade triangular-ovate, |
10cm long, 7cm wide; lower primary lobes pinnatisect into oblong-linear,
acuminate, entire, 2.5—5 cm long, 2—3 mm wide lobules acutely scabrous along })
margins and lower side of midrib; upper leaves tripartite, with linear-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, usually entire segments; uppermost leaves reduced to
oblong, often violet sheath. Umbels 4—6 cm across, of 9—11 rays scabrous
above or subglabrous; involucre of 1—4 unequal, caducous leaflets; um-
bellets 1—1.5cm across; involucels of 5—7 linear-filiform, acuminate leaf-
lets; calyx of 5 ovate acuminate teeth, one larger than the rest; petals
obcordate, ca. 1.5mm long, white, with inward curved tip, abruptly tapering
to claw; fruit broadly ovoid, 5mm long, 4.5mm wide, dorsal ribs subfili-
form, marginal winged, wings 1.75 mm wide; 1 canal per vallecula, 1 toward
commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
Swampy meadows, birch forests, coniferous forests, burnt areas. — Far
East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Sakh., Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, Korea. Des-
cribed from the lower reaches of the Amur River (De-Kastri port). Type
in Leningrad.
Section 5. CALLISACE (Fisch,) Drude in BH. u. P. Pilanzenfarm-) iliee) |
(1898) 220.— Genus Callisace Fisch. in Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed. 2 (1816)
170, excl. sp.— Petals white; fruit dorsally compressed, nearly ovoid, |
notched at base, laterally winged; mericarps with 3 thick obtuse dorsal ribs
including oval, sclerenchymatous fascicle, lateral ribs winged; valleculae
narrow, with 1 canal, 2 canals toward commissure; carpophore bipartite at
apex.
11. A. dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. et Hook. ex Franch. et Sav. Enum. pl.
Japon. 1(1875) 187.— A. glabra Makino in Sinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, I,
5 (1907) 43.— Callisace dahurica Fisch. in DC Prodr. IV (1830)
eee nied wel Ross. liso wiure7 yi baler adel: lyr 06) Sar ilivesis eli-
num dahuricum Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1(1825) 805.—Ic.: Kom. and
Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. tabl. 249; Makino, 1. c. tab. 36.
Perennial; root ca. 2.5cm thick; stem 100—150 cm high, 2—3 cm thick,
cylindrical, hollow, thinly furrowed, often violet, glabrous below, usually
upper internode with short hairs, lower leaves 2- or 3-pinnate, 30—50cm
long, 25—40 cm wide, their long petiole passing into inflated sheath; terminal
lobes oblong, 2.5—5 cm long, 1—2 cm wide, acute, acutely biserrate, long
decurrent along petiolules, smooth beneath, obscurely scabrous along mid-
ribs above; upper leaves sessile, smooth, on large markedly inflated
sheath. Umbels 10—15 cm across, of 20—40 short-haired rays; involucre
absent or replaced by inflated base of terminal leaf, becoming deciduous;
umbellets 2.5 cm across, dense; involucels of 14—16 lanceolate, acute leaf-
lets, nearly as long as umbellets; fruit compressed, ellipsoid or nearly
ovoid, 6 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, with obtuse, hollow dorsal and winged lateral
ribs, wings 1.5mm wide. July.
Banks of rivers and streams, mostly gravelly soil, shrubby thickets
along coasts, rarely meadows. — E. Siberia: Lena-Kol. (upper reaches of
Indigirka River), Dewie lieve Wass Zeyalsituy WSS, (Gems Chisum, 2 Manchuria,
Korea, Japan. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad.
Section 6. ANGELOPHYLLUM (Rupr.) Drude in E. u. P. Pflanzenfam.
Ill. 8 (1898) 220.— Genus Angellophyllum Rupr. Revis. der Umbellif.
aus Kamtschatka (1859) 8. — Mericarps with 3 acute dorsal ribs; canals
under valleculae superficial, single, 2—4 toward commissure. Sheath of
upper leaves much inflated, velutinous outside.
12. A. ursina (Rupr.) Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada. V (1878)
590.— Angellophyllum ursinum Rupr. Revis. der Umbell. aus Kamt-
schatka (1859) 8. — Ic.: Sugawara, Fl. of Saghal. III (1940) tab. 644.
Perennial; stems 1—2.5m high, 3 cm thick, hollow, glabrous, upper inter-
node only, densely covered with short velutinous hairs; leaves broadly tri-
angular or broadly oval, 40—50 cm long, 20—30 cm wide, green above, paler
_ beneath, slightly scabrous along nerves, glabrous, 2-pinnate; lower leaves
with petiole abruptly passing into large inflated sheath; primary lobes
petioluled, secondary sessile (upper decurrent), ovate, unequally serrate-
dentate, 4-13 cm long, 1.5—6 cm wide, acuminate; upper leaves sessile on
much inflated sheath, densely covered outside with very short velutinous
hairs. Central umbel 15—20(30)cm across, of 40—50 velutinous rays;
involucre of 1—2 linear-subulate leaflets or absent; umbellets 1—1.5cm
across; fruit 6mm long, 5mm wide, with narrowly winged dorsal and
broadly winged lateral ribs. Fl. July—August, Fr. September.
19
29
26
Along edges of coniferous and birch forests, dry valley meadows. —
Far East: Kamch., Sakh. Endemic. Described from Kamchatka. Type in
Leningrad.
Section 7. MESANGELICA Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878)
590.— Endocarp contiguous with seed, separated from pericarp by its outer
layers, canals single under valleculae, 2 toward commissure. Leaves bi-
or triternate, leaflets broadly ovate, long-petioluled.
13. A. ternata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 590
(tornata), nom. nud.; Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop. i etnogr.
XXXIV, 2 (1882) 32.— A. Stratoniana Aitch. et Hemsl. in Journ) mun
Soe. XIX (1882) 164.— Callisace ternata K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosew Ne Sa Deca (191 diel 7 9r—sles:Aitchy set) Elemis, a iiens telomere
Perennial; root thick, ca. 1cm; stem 30—60 cm high, cylindrical, hollow,
thinly furrowed, slightly branching above, like leaves glabrous; radical
leaves broadly triangular, 20—30cm long, 15—20 cm wide, bi- or nearly
triternate, short-petioled; secondary lobes on longer petiolules; leaflets
broadly ovate, obtuse, unequally toothed, abruptly tapering to more or less
long petiole, sometimes cordate (var comdit olvaRolwet Schmalh.),
smooth, somewhat shiny, 4—6 cm long, 3—6.5 cm wide. Central umbel
8—15 cm across, larger than the lateral, of 9—22 smooth rays; lateral
umbels 3.5—5 cm across, of 8—10 rays; involucre absent; umbellets 1.5—2 cm
across, with smooth pedicels; involucels absent or of 1—2 small recurved
leaflets; fruit ovoid, 10 mm long, 5mm wide, dorsal and lateral ribs
winged, wings 1.5-2mm wide. July. (Plate Il, Figure 2.)
Moist taluses, near glaciers, banks of streams, to 3,400 m. — Centr.
Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from the road
from Isfairam to Alai. Type in Leningrad.
Section 8. ANGELOCARPA ( Rupr.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Gen. Ange-
locarpa Rupr. Sert. tianschan. (1869) 48.— Fruit with 3 membranous
dorsal and broader marginal ribs, with 10 dorsal and 6 commissural canals.
Leaves subcoriaceous, leaflets small, bilaterally scabrous. |
14. A. brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedtsch. in Perech. rast. Turkest. II
(1909) 99.— A. soongorica Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878)
590.— Angelocarpa brevicaulis Rupr. in Sert. tianschan. (1869)
48.— Archangelica decurrens £8. alpina Herder in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. XXXIX; 3 (1866) 77.— A. brevicaulis Rehbs in Journ for Bets
XIV (1876) 45.— A. songarica Lipsky ex Pauls. in Kjoeb. Vidensk
Meddel. (1903) 43.— Coelopleurum brevicaule Drude in E. u. P. |
Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 212. |
Perennial; root thick, to 3 cm across, erect; stem 15—160 cm high, |
0.7—-1.5 cm across, glabrous, rather thick, ribbed, hollow, simple or slightly
branching; radical leaves broadly triangular, 10—20 cm long and as wide, |
2- or 3-pinnate, their more or less long petioles abruptly passing into
inflated sheath, acutely scabrous outside along nerves; primary lobes
20
petioluled, simple-pinnate; lower leaflets sometimes pinnatisect, terminal
lobes ovate, acute, sometimes unequally and acutely toothed, 3—14 cm long,
- 1.5—5 cm wide, scabrous along nerves, paler beneath, sheath scabrous out-
side along nerves. Central umbel much larger than lateral, 15—20 cm
across, of 25—55 unequal, slightly scabrous rays (especially in upper part)
or nearly smooth; lateral umbels 6—7 cm across; involucre absent; um-
bellets ca. 1.5 cm across; involucels of 8—17 lanceolate-linear or linear,
acute more or less broadly scarious leaflets with faintly ciliate margin;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; stylopodium short-conical; styles curved out-
ward, twice as long as stylopodium; fruit ellipsoid, 8 mm long, 5.5mm wide,
3 dorsal ribs winged, the marginal slightly wider. Fl. June—July, Fr.
August. (Plate Il, Figure 1; Plate VIII, Figure 6.)
Banks of streams in mountain ravines, moist taluses, gravels, near gla-
eiers to 3,400m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang.
Described from Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
Section 9.. CZERNAEVIA (Turcz.) Schischk. comb. nov. — Genus Czer-
naevia Turecz. ex Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844—1846) 233; Turcz. in Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mosc. X1(1838) 93, nomenetl. c. XVII (1844) 739, descr.— Por-
phyroscias Miq. in Ann. Mus., Bot. Ludg. -Batav. III (1867) 62.—
Calyx-teeth conspicuous; petals white, triangular-obcordate, with inward
curved lobule, peripheral slightly elongate; fruit dorsally compressed,
mericarp with 3 prominent, slightly winged dorsal ribs and 2 broadly
winged lateral ones; 1—4 canals per vallecula, 4—6 toward commissure,
albumen flat or slightly concave toward commissure.
15. A. ezernaevia (Fisch. et Mey.) Kitagawa in Journ. of Japan. Bot.
MIL 4—5 (1935) 241.— Czernaevia laevigata Turez. in Bull, Soc.
Nata Mios co ay S318) 93 El amibaie: a celimminn4 99). \idioaEL ROSSt aly 23S ba
Angelica laevigata Franchet, Pl. David. 1 (1884) 143, non Fisch.
(1812, nom. nude); Kom, E Mantchzh. sit 16.2) = AGE lear ele i deariko mas dananlete
Bot. Sada, XVIII(1901)430; Fl. Man'chzh. III, 166.— A. laevigata Benth.
etHoolks (Gen: pls i (1867) OU7-wranch), 1) ce.) (1884); —1ex2 oraniae
Bot. Sada, XXII (1903) Fig. 17; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost.
agemelleetniont 2 ol (03,2):
Perennial; root erect, ca. 1cm thick; stems 50—100 cm high, 6—8 mm
across at base, cylindrical, hollow, thinly ribbed, glabrous, scabrous only
under umbel, simple or slightly branching; lower cauline leaves oblong,
20cm long, 7 cm wide, long-petioled, 2-pinnate; lobes of last order lan-
ceolate, 2—4 cm long, 2—10 mm wide, acute, acutely serrate, with white
cartilaginous margin; upper leaves smaller. Umbels 4—9 cm across, of
(10)20—30(40) rays, scabrous only above, involucre of 1 leaflet or absent;
umbellets 1.5—2.5cm across; involucel of 5—9 linear-subulate, caducous
leaflets; petioles with conspicuous teeth; petals white, oboval, ca. 1mm
long, peripheral slightly elongate, 2—2.5mm long, notched with 2 divergent
lobes and obtuse inward curved tip; fruit 3—5 mm long, 2.5—4 mm wide,
dorsal ribs prominent, acute, sometimes slightly winged, lateral winged,
wings 0.5—0.75mm wide. July—August.
Meadows, slopes, shrubby thickets, banks of rivers and streams. — E.
Siberia: Dau., Ze.-Bu., Uss. Gen. distr.: Japan, Manchuria, Korea,
N. China. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad.
21
16. A. decursiva (Miq.) Franch. et Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1(1875) 187;
Kom; Fly Man'chzh: iL) 167. Porphyrosicias) deecuns iv aites
in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. -Batav. II] (1867) 62.— Peucedanum decur-
sivum Maxim. in Mél. Biol. XII (1886) 472.—P. Porphyroscias
Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII (1904) 65.— P. melanotilingia
Boissier in Bull. Herb. Boiss. sér. 2, VIII(1908) 642.— Selinum me-
lanotilingia Boissier, op. cit. III (1903) 956.—Ic.: Kom. and Alis., |
Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, tab. 252. |
Perennial; stems erect, furrowed, 60—100 cm high, simple, glabrous, |
scabrous-hairy only under inflorescence; lower and median cauline leaves
petioled, simple- or 2-pinnate, their lobes broadly lanceolate or subrounded, ©
4—6 cm long, 0.8—4 cm wide, decurrent on petioles, acutely serrate, slightly
coriaceous, with thin cartilaginous margin, scabrous along nerves above,
subglabrous beneath. Umbels of 10—20 velutinous-hairy rays; involucre of ©
1 (rarely 2) ovate recurved leaflets 2—4 cm long, 0.5—1 mm wide; umbellets
dense, ca. 1cmacross; involucels of 3—7 linear or lanceolate, unequal leaf-
lets; calyx-teeth acute; petals white, elliptic-lanceolate, with inward curved ©
tip; fruit elliptic-ovoid, slightly flattened dorsally, 3—5 mm long, 3mm wide,
dorsal ribs prominent, marginal narrowly winged; 2—3 canals per vallecula,
6 toward commissure. July—August. (Plate VIII, Figure 5.)
Meadows. — Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: China, Japan. Described from |
Japan. Type in Holland (?).
Fan TES
ee
Genus 1040. ARCHANGELICA *« Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) 162.— Angelica section Archangelica Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada,
V, 2 (1878) 590, part.
Calyx-teeth short or inconspicuous; petals greenish or white; styles
shorter than stylopodium at flowering, twice as long in fruit. Fruit ellip-
soid, dorsally compressed; marginal ribs with winglike extensions slightly
divergent, median carinate or narrowly winged. Canals many (20—40),
nearly encircling thin inner layer of pericarp, adnate to seed, which readily
separates from its wider outer layer and free inside mericarp at ripening.
Biennial or perennial herbs with large stem and large, 2- or nearly 3-pinnate(
leaves. |
To 10 species in northern part of Falearctic and mountains of Central
Asia.
Terminal lobes obtuse or slightly cordate at base, not decurrent .... 2)
Rerminaljlobes more or léesis\decurrent alons petioles). eae ane 34
2. Dorsal ribs of mericarps thickish, obtuse, nearly pentagonal in
cross section; leaflets of involucels subulate, half length of umbel
TeBIash QTSENIRCA) rsa ihe Oke Male RY Sega Lokal AL Bete 2. A. litoralis (Fries) Agardh)
a4 Dorsal ribs of mericarps thickish-filiform; leaflets of involucels
linear=subulate, nearly as longs as umbellet()) 2.7.4; Di Seen eee |
ap Eere) SAE A Ack dora aT PRS Ay PRT Sieg Bee Bee) 1. A. officinalis (Moench) Hoffm.
Te R
* From the Latin archangelus or Greek archaggelos — archangel, the name of the plant in Tabernaemontanus.
22
29
Boeeiuunbelvrayci densely; shontshammed iu woe ai. Sues 3. A. decurrens Ldb.
+ imibelicays ssube labrous on) ObSeurelywsicabrowse wily Le) Wik sat. Jaap Secoes 2 4.
4, Petals greenish, notched, umbellets 1.5—2.5 cm across involucels of
8—13 stiff-ciliate leaflets (Pam.-Al.) ..... 4, A. komarovii Schischk.
5, Petals white, umbellets 0.8—1 cm across, leaflets of involucels
SMe mole ocOis | (AMNSHN Ris obar ans 5. A, tschimganica (Korov. ) Schischk.
1. A. officinalis (Moench) Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) 162 in nota;
db} Wie Rossel, 297° Shmal's., Fl. 1, 404: \Grosiss), (Fl) Kayk. Ml, 1-73;
Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib: VIII, 2042.— A, sativa Bess. Enum. Voht. (1822)
tempabin ww Aaiehianige livea Karsten, Deutsche Pil harm. "med. iS6t.
(1880-1883) 843.— Angelica Archangelica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 250. —
ANsSativa Mill..Gard, Dict. ed. VII (1768)' No, 1, ex p.—7 Ay major
Gilib. Fl. lithuan. I11(1782) 24.— A. officinalis Moench, Meth. (1794)
81.— A. procera Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 164.— A. intermedia Schult.
ex Steud. Nom. ed. 1 (1840) 49.—Selinum Archangelica Vest, Man.
bot. (1806) 501.— Ligusticum Angelica Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. II
(Gist?) 64 1e. Syreishech. le PL Mosk) sub. Il) 414. — Bxs)-/e7R,
Nos. 2605, 2606.
Biennial or perennial; plant aromatic in all parts, dying 2—4 years after
first setting fruit; rhizome thick, with whitish or yellowish milky juice;
stem erect, 1—2.5m high, cylindrical, thinly furrowed, glabrous, often with
reddish-brown striae, hollow; leaves glabrous, slightly scabrous at margin
and sometimes along nerves beneath, pale green, large, sometimes to 80cm
long, 3-pinnate; lobes of last order ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5—8 cm long,
usually acute, unequally incised-dentate or serrate, teeth passing into whitish
mucro; terminal lobule often 3-segmented or tripartite; radical leaves with
long petioles passing into large sheath; upper cauline leaves less dissected,
sessile on strongly inflated sheaths with scarious margin. Umbels 8—15cm
across, terminal on main stem and branches, on long peduncles, densely
hairy at apex,of 20—40 rays entirely or only adaxially sparsely covered
with short hairs; involucre absent; involucels of numerous, linear-subulate
leaflets, nearly as or half as long as umbel, with scabrous or short-haired
margin; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals whitish- or greenish-yellowish,
elliptic, 1—1.5 mm long, 0.75—1.25 mm wide, short-cuneate at base, slightly
notched, with inward curved tip; styles short at flowering, usually shorter
than broad flattish stylopodium; fruit broadly elliptic, 5—8(9) mm long,
3.5—5(6) mm wide (f. nomocarpa K. -Pol.) or fruit 4-5 mm long (f. mi -
erocarpa K.-Pol.), dorsally compressed, mericarps with 3 fine fili-
form or slightly keeled dorsal and 2 thickish winglike marginal ribs;
canals numerous, small, encircling albumen, additional canals in dorsal ribs
and 2 in each marginal rib; carpophore bipartite to base, albumen reniform
in cross section. July—August.
Marshy spruce, pine-birch forests, shrubs near ditches, sedge bogs,
willow wood, flooded meadows. — Arctic: Arc. Eur., European part: Kar. -Lap.,
iiveinechte sides. lank.) “alt... Ur Viena. np, Ve Don, MMi SDinpr Ve isa tmal
U. Dns. (?), Bes.(?); Caucasus: Cisc.;W. Siberia: Ob, U. Tob. Gen. distr. :
Seand., Centr. Eur., Bal. (?). Described from W. Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. All parts of the plant, especially the root and
fruit, have a pungent odor. Juice of stem and root is liable to cause skin
23
oul
irritations. When dug up in the fall, the roots contain starch and sugar, |
fisterine (Russian name), hydrocarotene (angelicin), angelic acid 6.3% |
(C4H;COOOH), resin, malic acid, tannin, pectin, wax and 0.25 to 1% essential
oil consisting of d-phellandrene (no other terpenes), ester of methylethyl-
acetic acid and hydroxypentadecylic acid (Cj5H3903). The fruits contain
1 to 1.2% essential oil. In some northern countries the young shoots are
eaten. The roots and leaves contain vitamin B;. In France the young stems |
and petioles are first scalded and then cooked in sugar in the production of
pastries; garden angelica is also used in the making of chartreuse liqueur.
Archangelica officinalis Hoffm. has some medicinal properties.
The rhizome and roots are picked in the spring to be dried and used inthe |
production of angelica spirit (spiritus Angelicae compositus), whichis pre-
scribed for improving digestion.
2. A litoralis (Fries) Agardh in DC. Prodr., iVi@630) 170s oon
cimalis (var) litoralis Alef, Wandwirtschaftliche Pl. (1866) 1a74— |
Angelica litoralis Fries, Fl. Holland. (1817) 51.— A. archangelica
ssp. litorialic- Thell. in Hepi, Ml. Pls der Mitt.-Hur.,|V, 2 (1926)ale42)
ie. 2 Well. el Intign 2oOn (ies), |
Perennial; similar to preceding species from which it differs by the ovoid-
ellipsoid fruits; dorsal ribs of mericarps thickish, obtuse, pentagonal in
cross section; leaflets of involucels subulate, half length of umbel rays; |
plant larger, to 3m high, stem 8 cm thick below, umbels ca. 30cm across.
July—August.
Alluvial soil along riverbanks, coastal dunes, shrubs. — European part:
Balt. Gen. distr.: Scand., Centr. Eur. Described from Frisian Islands.
Type in Lund [Sweden].
3. A. decurrens Ldb. Fl. alt. 1(1829) 316: Fl. Ross. Il, 297; Kryl;
Pl. Zap: SibyVILL 2040: — A. officinalisy, decurrens Gallen
Ind. IX sem. Hort. Petrop. (1843) 61.— A. decurrens @ gpenuina
Rel et Herd) in Bully Soe.) Nate Mose) XOOCmx,) 3)(1866)) 7 eeonaeas
wegica Rupr. Fl. samojed. cisural. (1845) 37.
Perennial; root thick; stem 1.5—3 m high, cylindrical, erect, 3—8 em thick
hollow, like leaves glabrous; radical leaves long-petioled, large, with petiole
50—200 cm long, broadly triangular, 2- or nearly 3-pinnate; leaflets of first
and in part of second order short-petioluled, of third order sessile, decurrent
along petiole, especially terminal, which is deeply tripartite into a 3-lobed
median lobe, lateral oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or with few
lateral segments along outer margin, nearly bifurcate-subulate-dentate,
6—12 cm long, 2.5—6 cm wide. Umbels 8—18 cm across, globular, of 10—50 |
rays covered with stiff hairs; involucre absent or of 1 leaflet; umbellets
globular, 1.5—2.5 cm across; involucels of 8—10 lanceolate, long- acuminate,
short-haired leaflets nearly as long as pedicels; calyx-teeth inconspicuous;
petals greenish- white, ca. 1.5mm long, with inward curved tip; fruit elliptic, |
o—6 mm long, 3.5—4 mm wide, dorsal ribs filiform, the marginal thickish, with )
winglike extensions. June—July. (Plate VIII, Figure 9.) |
Banks of rivers and bogs, flooded meadows, in damp forests and along
their edges. — European part.: Dv. -Pech. (?). (E.); W. Siberia: Ob, U.
Moby abet. Alita jolberia) Ano mi say sents... Date (Baikal area),
24
32
Wenaa Kol i@entwaAsia:) Balkh. (N)- zu. —Mearb:, T) eShiy Gy (Gent distr, -
Mongolia. Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad.
Note. The isolated specimens seen from the European part of the USSR
warrant their inclusion in A. decurrens Ldb., but the available material
was extremely inadequate, and the northwest limit of A. decurrens can be
reliably determined only when more collections are made.
4, A. komarovii Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XVI, 353.
Perennial: stem 80—150 (200) cm high, glabrous, branching, ribbed, hollow;
radical leaves withlong petioles dilated into sheaths, ternate-pinnate, primary
lobes petioluled, leaflets sessile or short-petioluled, upper usually more or
less decurrent, nerves glabrous on both sides, ovate, large, 10—20 cm long,
5—9 cm wide; upper leaves biternate, sessile on inflated glabrous or obscure-
ly scabrous sheath, uppermost leaves reduced to inflated sheaths. Main
umbel 15—20cm across, of 25—40 scabrous rays; lateral umbels smaller;
involucre absent; umbellets 1.5—2.5cm across, many-flowered, on glabrous
pedicels; involucels of 8—13 linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, scarious,
acuminate leaflets with ciliate margin, much shorter than rays; petals
entire, with ca. 1 mm long tip greenish at apex; ovary and young fruits
scabrous-hairy; stylopodium pulviniform, with undulant margins; styles
straight, divergent at first, becoming reflexed; fruit broadly ovoid, 7mm
long, 5mm wide, with winged dorsal and broader lateral ribs. July—August;
Fr. September.
Banks of mountain streams, to 2,700m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh.
Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Iskander-Kul Lake. Type in
Leningrad.
5. A. tschimganica (Korov.) Schischk. comb. n.— Archangelica
deretumnsems war \tsic him cand caykonoyv. in Sched» adsherb-) Hila eas aeviled:
fase. 2G,(1926)))12.— Exs.,- Hi B.A. M. No. 243).
Perennial; stem 80—15Gcm high, glabrous, branching, thinly ribbed; radi-
cal leaves with long petioles dilated into sheaths, ternate-pinnate; leaflets
sessile or lower petioluled, ovate, 4—8 (12) cm long, 2—5 cm wide, with nerves
glabrous on both sides, unequally toothed, teeth triangular, usually with short
cusp; cauline leaves similar to radical but much smaller, upper sessile on
inflated sheath. Main umbel 8—10cm across, of 15—30 rays, scabrous or
subglabrous above; involucre absent; umbellets many-flowered, 10-15 mm
across; involucels of 7—9 lanceolate-linear, nearly entirely scarious, long-
acuminate, obscurely ciliate leaflets; pedicels glabrous; petals greenish-
whitish, notched with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 5—6 mm long,
ca. 4.5mm wide, dorsal ribs winged, lateral wider than dorsal. July—August.
Banks of streams, to 2,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from the Chimganka River. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1041. COELOPLEURUM * I.db.
Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 361.— Physolophium Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XVII (1844)
729.— Coelopleurum subgenera Eucoelopleurum etPhysolophium Drude in Engl. Pflanzenfam.
III, 7—8 (1898) 212-213
* From the Greek koilos — inflated, pleura — rib.
25
33
34
|
|
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals elliptic, entire, slightly acuminate, with
inward curved tip; fruit in cross section nearly ovoid or slightly compressed
dorsally, mericarps with 5 thick, triangular ribs, obtuse, tapering above, with |
1 vascular fibrous bundle at base, marginal ribs wider at base, slightly longer
than dorsal; canals numerous around seed; carpophore bipartite, free; seeds:
in cross section crescent-shaped, albumen concave. Perennials with thick
hollow stem and large 2-pinnate leaves with markedly inflated sheaths.
Monotypic genus, similar in habit to the species of Angelica and Arch-
angelica, distributed in the north of East Asia. |
|
|
1. C. gmelinii (DC.) Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844-1846) 361; Kom., FI. |
Mantehizinn itn Iisa ior. EU eitartehtiw iin S445 —— Ga (slab ani lem Die uGemstml ; |
E. u. P. Pflanzenfam. Ill, 7—8 (1898) 213.— Archangelica Gmelini @
DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 170.— Angelica Gmelinii Wormsk. ex Fisch.
in DE. 1. es (1830) in syn.—tAY maculata "Turez. in Bull ‘Soe. Nar
Mosc. (1840) 72.— A. saxatilis Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI
(1838) 23, nom.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 296.— Pleurospermum Gmelini
Bong. Veget. ins. Sitcha (1832) 141.— Physolophium saxatile
Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XVII (1844) 729; Fr. Schmidt in Maxim.
I Preion, Jl. . Aare, 126.
Perennial; stem cylindrical, 100cm high, thinly furrowed, often violet,
glabrous, pubescent only under inflorescence to middle or end; leaves
petioled, broadly triangular, 30—45 cm long, 20—25 cm wide, 2-pinnate, lobes |
of last order broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2.5—7 cm long, ‘ |
2—6.5cm wide, acutely serrate-incised, glabrous above, slightly scabrous |
along nerves beneath,terminal leaflets broadly oval, trifid, slightly scabrous
along nerves beneath. Umbels 9—12cm across, of 30—60 acutely scabrous
rays; involucre absent; umbellets 1.2—1.5cm across; leaflets of involucels
lanceolate-linear with narrow scarious margin, as long as or slightly longer
than umbellets, long-mucronate, very short-ciliate along margin; fruit ovoid,
7mm long, 4.5mm wide, dorsal and marginal ribs winged, nearly equal.
July—August. (Plate VIII, Figure 10.)
Meadows, riverbanks, subalpine meadows. — Arctic: Chuk., An., E.
Siberia: Dau., Lena-Kol.: Far Hast: Kamech., Ze. -Bu., Okh., Uda, Uss.;
Sakh. Gen. distr.: Bering. Described from Kamchatka. Type in Geneva.
Genus 1042. AGASYLLIS* Spreng.
Spreng. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. VI (1812) 259, ex parte; Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. (1816) XVII, XVIII
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals notched, with inward curved tip; fruit
ovoid, with broad commissure, 3 prominent dorsal ribs, 2 lateral ribs twice —
as broad; valleculae with 6—10 canals, 4—6 toward commissure; stylopodium |
short-conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium. Perennial herbs, |
with large biternate-dissected leaves. |
A monotypic genus, distributed in the mountain forests and subalpine belt
of the Greater Caucasus.
* Name of the plant in the works of Dioscorides.
26
37
1, sA. Iatifolia (M. -B:) Boiss: Fl. or. J1 (1872) 980: Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Ill, 174.— A. caucasica Spreng. in Neue Schr. Naturf. Gesellsch. Halle,
Dae tes) 2a DC. \Predr.- 1V,, 200:\ db: Ik Ross. il, 7333.—\C ace hiry's
latifolia M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. 1 (1808) 219.— C. decursiva Hornem.
Horn, Haine (1813-1815) 960. — Siler’ caucasicum Sprengj4Sp. Umbell.
(1818) 90; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 414.— Chymsydia agasylloides var.col-
Chica Alb. in Tr, Tifl Bot. saday 1(1895) 110.— Ch» colchica E€.
Woron. ex Grossh. Fl. Kavk. III (19132), Wy WALT cihaun creubaleaualart ito
lia K.-Pol. inIzv. Mosk. Obshch. estestvoisp. nov. ser. XXIX (1915)
165,
Perennial; root thick, 2.5 em across; stem 30—100cm high, 1.5—2 cm
across, strongly ribbed, hollow, glabrous, branching, scabrous under umbels;
radical leaves long-petioled, often violet, biternate-dissected, pale green
above, paler beneath, with stiff short hairs along nerves on both surfaces
and along margins, broadly ovate, 40cm long, 30cm wide; lobes of last
order ovate, dentate, decurrent, 4—5 cm long, 0.5—2 cm wide; cauline leaves
similar to radical, their petioles shorter, with large inflated sheaths and
2 large auricles at base. Terminal umbel large, of 30—40 strongly sca-
brous rays, more or less crowded in fruit; umbels with whorled apical
branches of 20—30 smaller rays; involucre absent; involucels of 8—11
narrowly linear unequal leaflets, shorter than scabrous umbellet rays;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals narrowly obovate, notched, with acute
inward curved tip; filaments whitish; fruit ovoid, 8-10 mm long, 5mm wide,
mericarps with 5 prominent obtuse ribs; stylopodium short- conical;
styles reflexed in fruit, longer than stylopodium. June. (Plate II, Figure l.
Mountain birch and oak forests, subalpine meadows, to 2,400m.— Cau-
casus: Cisc., Greater Caucasus, Dag., E. and W. Transc. Endemic.
Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1043. CHYMSYDIA * Alb.
Alb. in Tr. Tifl. Bot. sada, I (1895) 110; Bull. de 1'Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 233
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly ovate, notched, with
short inward curved lobule; fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed; stylopodium
conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium; dorsal ribs winged,
approximate, marginal slightly diverging from median plane, slightly wider
than dorsal; valleculae with single canals in thin endocarp adjacent to seed,
2—4 canals toward commissure. Perennial herbaceous plants, similar in
habit to Archangelica, Xanthogalum and Agasyllis.
Monotypic genus, endemic to the mountain limestones of W. Transc.
PC wncacviloides Alia in Meetitl Bot, Sadanim (lela) 10er ies cil
de l'Herb. Boiss. III] (1895) 233.— Selinum agasylloides Alb. in
Boullesdel Herb. Boiss. IL (18949) 252. — le, 2 /Alb. an Bully i chips
Peetu@ (chr.
Perennial; stem (20)40—60 cm high, furrowed, scabrous, sometimes sub-
glabrous, simple or slightly branching, with obliquely antrorse branches;
* Local name of plant.
27
PLATE II. 1—Agasyllis latifolia (M. B.) Boiss; 2—Xanthogalum purpurascens Lallem.
28
38
leaves coriaceous, lower long-petioled, tripartite; terminal lobes long-
petioluled, biternate-dissected, lateral on shorter petioles, pinnatisect into
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, long-decurrent, unequally bidentate lobules,
cuneate at base, scabrous along nerves and along margin; upper leaves
smaller, bi- to triternate, with narrower lobules; petioles of upper leaves
dilated into broad, membranous, purple-veined sheaths. Umbels of 6—10 sca-
brous rays thickened in fruit; involucre and involucels absent; young fruit
scabrous, ovoid, dorsally compressed, elliptic in cross section, covered with
small papillae; dorsal ribs broadly winged, lateral slightly wider. July—
August. (Plate IV, Figure 2.)
Stony slopes in alpine belt, alpine meadows, 2,200—2,600 m.— Caucasus:
W. Transc. (mountains of Abkhazia). Endemic. Described from calca-
reous mountains of Abkhazia (Chipshirg, Kutysh, Kopeimye). Type in Geneva,
cotype in Leningrad.
Note. In habit, this species is very close to Agasyllis latifolia
(M. B.) Boiss., from which it differs by the winged, dorsal ribs and also by
having fewer umbel rays.
Genus 1044. XKANTHOGALUM * Lailem.
Lallem. in Ind. VIII] sem. Hort. Petrop. (1841) 23.—Tommasinia Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Botan.
(1844) 302, non Bertol.
Flowers bisexual or polygamous. Calyx-teeth distinct. Petals sub-
rounded, with inward curved tip, yellowish-greenish. Fruit ovoid, dorsally
compressed, mericarps with 3 winged dorsal ribs, lateral wings broader,
undulant; valleculae with 1 canal, 2 toward commissure. Perennials with
high stem, with whorled branches and 2—3-pinnate leaves, leaflets long,
decurrent along petioles.
Three species in Asia Minor, to the Caucasus and Iran.
1. Sheath covered outside, especially along nerves, with short hairs ....
st diets. Licaa nec aut aeRO Reo eae 3. X. tatianae (Bordz. ) Schischk.
+ SMC AAS FOAM TOUS cue ey eee mpen Ene RNS? ay RUM Cla ier ae i Gultiwere ae teas Nd Aee Nn a nee Re 2.
2. Leaves dense, subcoriaceous, with large oblong-lanceolate terminal
lobes, 8—15cm long, 3—8 cm wide; pedicels as long as fruit, arcuate-
li CuueyeGl elngsie hoy wWeicMoe, 4s 2/4 6) 6 avs o AMS c 2. X. sachokianum Karjag.
+ Leaves not coriaceous, terminal lobes 4—8 cm long, 2—4 cm wide;
pedicels oblique or horizontal after flowering, twice as long as
LESLIE tener sme teh wo pr he Mee mcaire oils het febige Wer au Rin tie, 38 1. X. purpurascens Lallem.
1. X. purpurascens Lallem. in Ind. VIII sem. Horti Petrop. (1842) 23;
dbase Rossel sl6e — vA nioveliieay tdi ra (Cs hoch im Teimmacay avi
(e242) sie dbs Hl) Rosse Merz 7 or AN puis pruaers) © € mic) Gallium, ienin:
Bow Centralbl. MEX Bi(1939) 341. — Tommasinia sz omitisi1 Boiss:
in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ill ser. Bot. (1844) 302.— T. purpurascens Boiss. FI.
or. 11(1872) 979.— Imperatoria decursiva C. A.M. ex Glehn in
Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1868) 87.
* From the Greek xanthos —yellow, gala —milk.
29
39
40
Perennial; stem 0.50—4.20m high, with whorled branches, 7-10 mm
thick in lower part, usually violet, glabrous, scabrous only under inflo-
rescence, thinly furrowed, hollow; lower leaves 2- or 3-pinnatisect, their
long petioles dilated into oblong scarious sheath with margins; blade
broadly ovate, (20)30—40 cm long, 20—30 cm wide, primary lobes petioluled,
ternate, lateral sessile, decurrent, ovate, outer much larger than inner,
unequally toothed, sometimes tripartite, nerves, especially main nerve,
acutely scabrous above, glabrous below, lobes 4—8 cm long, 2.4cm wide.
Umbels of 15—30 very unequal glabrous or very short-scabrous, furrowed
rays; involucre absent or of 1 leaflet; involucels of 3—7 narrowly linear
or nearly setiform leaflets shorter than scabrous rays; calyx 5-toothed;
petals yellowish- greenish or violet, subrounded, with inward curved tip;
fruit markedly compressed dorsally, subcylindrical or broadly ovoid,
8—12 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, 3 dorsal ribs winged, cork-like, lateral
developed as few undulant wings, as wide as body of fruit (ca. 3.5 mm);
canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward commissure; stylopodium short-
conical; styles curved outward, slightly longer than stylopodium. July.
(Plate Ill, Figure 2; Plate XXIII, Figure 6.)
Subalpine meadows, edges of mountain forests, 2,000—2,400 m. —
Caucasus: Greater Caucasus, W., E. and S. Transec. Gen. distr.: As. -Min.,
Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from W. Georgia (Tsikhisdzhvari). Type
in Leningrad.
Settee Ponty serail
2. X. sachokianum Karjag. in Dokl. Akad. Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR,
Baku, II, No. 10 (1946) 425.
Perennial; stem 40—100cm high, strongly ribbed, glabrous, scabrous
only under umbels; radical leaves 2- or simple-pinnate, their petioles nearly
as long as blade, gradually dilated into oblong or broadly ovate sheath, blade
broadly ovate, to 20 cm long and nearly as wide; lower primary lobes very
short-petioluled, deeply 2-lobuled, unequally and acutely toothed, 8—15 cm
long, 3—6 cm wide, acutely scabrous along nerves above; in upper cauline
leaves blade reduced, sessile on inflated sheath or obsolete. Umbels of
20—35 extremely unequal rays, scabrous above, sometimes subglabrous; )
involucre absent or of 1—3 caducous leaflets; umbellets 0.5—1 cm across,
10—20-flowered; involucels of 3—5 narrowly linear leaflets, nearly as long
as umbellets; petals greenish-yellowish, rounded, with inward curved tip;
fruit broadly obovoid, 7—8 mm long, as wide in upper part; stylopodium
pulviniform, with pubescent edge; styles divergent, shorter than stylopo-
dium. July—August.
Banks of streams and creeks, mountain forests and subalpine belt, to
I; Z00—1,800im.— Caucasus: EE. Transe. Endemic. Described from yNiel-
Dag Mountain. Type in Leningrad,
3. X. tatianae (Bordz.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Angelica Tatianae
Bordz. in Zhurn. Inst. bot. VUAN, No. 3 (1934) 73.— Iec.: Bordz. 1. ec.
Rio v3:
Perennial; stem 100—120 cm high, with whorled branches above, hollow,
to 1cm wide, glabrous, scabrous-hairy only under umbels; radical leaves
on thick short cylindrical petioles, shorter than broadly triangular, ternately
pinnate, ca. 30cm long and almost equally wide blade; primary lobes broadly
30
41
ovate, 20—25 cm long, 10—15 cm wide, deeply pinnatifid into ovate acute
lobules 6—8 cm long, 3—5 cm wide, short-haired beneath and along margins,
unequally acutely toothed, slightly scabrous along nerves above, cauline
leaves sessile on strongly inflated sheath hairy outside along nerves; blade
ternately parted with pinnate lobes of the second order, terminal lobes
oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, 10—12 cm long, 2—3.5 cm wide; reduced in
upper leaves. Umbels 10—15cm across, of 25—35 unequal rays, scabrous
above, spreading at flowering, more or less crowded in fruit; involucre
absent; umbellets 10-—15mm across; involucels of 3—5 subulate or filiform,
caducous leaflets; petals yellowish-greenish, acute or slightly notched, ca.
1mm long; stylopodium short-conical, with undulant-notched edge; styles
reflexed, slightly longer than stylopodium; fruit (young) broadly ovoid, 6mm
long, 5mm wide; dorsal ribs narrowly, marginal broadly winged. Fl. July,
Fr. August.
Mountain birch forests, tall grass meadows.— Caucasus: Cisc., W.
Transc. (Abkhazia, Megrelia). Endemic. Described from Caucasus (Greater
Pambak Mountain). Type in Kiev.
Genus 1045. LEVISTICUM * Hill.
Hill. Brit. Herb. (1756) 410.— Hipposelinum Britt. et Rose in Britt. et Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2,
II (1918) 634
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals pale yellow, elliptic, with inward curved
tip; fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed; mericarps with thickish, dorsal ribs
with narrow, lateral with more than twice as wide wings, canals solitary in
valleculae, 2 (rarely 4) toward commissure; stylopodium conical, styles
twice as long. Perennial, high, subglabrous herbs, with erect stem and large
2—3-pinnatisect leaves.
Three species in W. Europe, Asia Minor (?) and Iran.
1. L. officinale Koch, Umbell. (1824) 101; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 292;
Shima omen abe 403m Grosso) Ele iip seen
Candollei Boiss. in Ann. Se. Nat. (1844) 306: El. or Ml, 1012.— a
memcie al Boiss. ly ye. (1844) 306. —) Ferullaspeuciyu ca DC mencodis
IV (1830) 171.— Seseli leucocoleum Wettst. et Stapf in Denkschr.
Ak. Wiss. Bd. LI, math. -nat. Klasse, Wien(1886) 318.— Statice
(sphalm.) leucocoleum Index Kew. Suppl. I, 409.
Perennial; root rather thick, multicipital, its neck densely covered with
brown fibrous remnants of petioles; entire plant glabrous; stem 25—35cm
high, angular- furrowed, branching nearly from base, the obliquely antrorse
branches often overtopping main stem; radical leaves oblong, their petioles
shorter than or nearly as long as blade, 2- or nearly 3-pinnatisect, 8—10cm
long, 1.5—2.5cm wide; primary lobes short-petioluled, ovate- oblong, pinna-
tisect into linear obtuse, 2—5 mm long, 0.3—0.5 mm wide lobules; cauline
leaves similar to radical, smaller. Umbels 2—8 cm across, of 7—11 smooth,
very unequal rays; involucre absent; umbellets 6—8 mm across, many-
flowered; involucels of 3—7 lanceolate, acute leaflets with narrow membraneous
margins; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long, hardly
notched; fruit broadly ovoid, 5mm long, 4mm wide, with inflated margin and
0 thick spongy ribs; stylopodium conical; styles reflexed, 1 times length of
stylopodium. May—June. (Plate V, Figure 3.)
* After Johren Martin Daniel, professor at Frankfurt, author of Vademecum botanicum, and pioneer in the
use of dichotomous keys for naming plants (died 1718).
36
50
Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Trans. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described
from the Shovits collection from Iran. Type in Geneva, cotype in Lenin-
grad (?).
Genus 1049. PHLOJODICARPUS* Turcz.
Turez. ex Bess. in Flora, XVIII (1834) 1 Beibl. 14
Calyx-teeth long, lanceolate or setiform; petals white or pale violet,
broadly ovate, abruptly tapering to short claw, notched, with inward curved
lobule; fruit broadly ovoid, dorsally compressed; stylopodium short-conical;
styles straight at first, becoming recurved; mericarps with 3 prominent,
obtuse, dentate-suberose dorsal and 2 winglike expanded, slightly inflated
marginal ribs with winglike expansions. Perennial herbaceous plants, with
2- or 3-pinnate leaves, many-rayed umbels, involucre and involucels.
Two species in W. and E. Siberia.
1. Umbel rays, leaflets of involucre and involucels densely pubescent. .
PREM WTO NES Mica. GycoiMen. UPR Strobe 5, lle te chy Set EME Are 22. villosusLurez
a Umbel rays scabrous only above, leaflets of involucre and involu-
Cols POA TeOU Sapa Naeue eee emg be reel 1. P. sibiricus (Steph. ) K: -Pel:.
1. P. sibiricus (Steph.) K.-Pol. In Spisok rast. gerb. russk. flory VIII
(1922) 117.— Ph. nudiusculus Turcz. ex Bess. in Flora, XVII, 1 (1834)
Beibl. p. 14.— Ph. dahuricus Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838)
VR, wen, iapicle IWClog IMS” IOs Me sail (Gere leben, Ss “Silo son © a Seejola.,. Osx
Hiseh. Cat. sem. Horti Vratisl. (1823)inom. nud.; Spreng. Syst. Veg! 1
(1825) 892 descr.; Trevir. in Act. Acad. Nat. curios. XIII (1826) 168. —
Ses eli) Wa oiime Pian Wolo, Hl Meus GAS) BsiSo" Icky IML, Tess, WL Bre. =
LIS AAOIS CACMROIG OG IDCs IPizcchay IY (UBH0) Isis Wuirex, iil) loele, -clzi=
UG Eee Maem Go uiSieul a ahiumez pints chedihierb:) PietrGopuanOmscels:
Mia nudimseula, Pali. in) Matters) diyail, Zabauk,) 1(t902))9s— se2ewec.
danum nudiusculum K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 24.— Ic.:
ECF gice mole sEyles ROGSs SU itallon fd) — wr scsun Ga ae MNO 6131 Ob
Perennial; root thick, sometimes multicipital, its neck covered with brown
remnants of petioles; stems single or few, 15—70 cm high, glabrous, short-
haired only under umbel, ribbed, erect, simple or branching, with few obliquely
antrorse branches; radical leaves usually many, tripinnatisect, green glau-
cescent, glabrous, with oblong-ovate or ovate, 6-30 cm long, 2—8 cm wide
blade with linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate 2—20mm long, 0.5—1.5(2) mm
wide lobes of the last order; cauline leaves 2—3 (sometimes absent),
smaller, with strongly expanded, long, sometimes violet sheaths. Umbels
of 8—23 nearly equal rays, scabrous especially above; leaflets of involucre
5—7, caducous; leaflets of involucels 9—12, similar, white-hyaline, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, often retrorse; calyx-teeth glabrous; petals
1.8mm long, white; fruit broadly ovoid, 5—8 mm long, 3 mm wide, glabrous
or covered with short stiff curly hairs. June—July. (Plate V, Figure 2;
Plate VII, Figure 2.)
* From the Greek phloidao — bulge, carpos — fruit.
37
51
, AL
LA
Was y
Lien Vif
We
PLATE VI. 1—Palimbia rediviva (Pall.) Thell.;
38
2—Schumannia karelinii (Bge.) Korov.
53
54
Stony and exposed slopes, sand dunes, steppes, calcareous rocks, rarely
in mountain pine, larch-spruce and birch forests. — E. Siberia: Ang. -Say.
(west to regional boundary), Dau., Lena-Kol. (?) (upper reaches of the
Indigirka); Far East.: Okh. Described from Siberia. Type in Leningrad.
Note. P. sibiricus is beyond doubt the best validated name for this
species. Although Sprengel does not mention the exact locality of its type
(he merely writes: uncertain - Siberia), it is nevertheless obvious from
Treviranus' detailed description (1. c.) that the plant cultivated in the Bra-
tislava (?) garden belongs to this species, as the second species, P. villo-
sus Turcz., has the characteristic pubescent rays, involucre and involucels,
which are not mentioned by Treviranus.
20 PY villosus Tunez. in Bull Soc sNat, Mose, Xi (1838), 93; nom mud
iba eLle NOs sole — sib tom o.d 1 can pUlS jie er© Clangipis ) aciloemenile
Ross. 11 (1844-1846) 331.— Libanotis villosa Turez. ex Fisch. ét Mey.
Ind. Isem. Hort. Petrop. 1 (1835) 31; Turez. Fl. baic.-dah. 1, 485, —
Johrenia villosa Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 1(1867) 925;
Kudo, Rep. Veg. N. Saghal. (1929) 91.— Stenocoelium villosum
K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXIX (1915) 132; Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920)
Bale daaypllsey LEM eho) Sill)>— WAND k7(0)74a
Perennial; root rather long, 1—1.5 cm thick, neck densely covered with
dark brown fibrous remnants of leaves; stem 10—40cm high, to 7mm thick
in lower part, glabrous, densely covered below with remnants of petioles;
leaves glaucescent- green, glabrous, their blade oblong-ovate or ovate,
6—20 cm long, 2—6 cm wide, 2- or 3-pinnate, the lanceolate, acuminate lobes
of last order 2—5 mm long, 0.5—1mm wide; cauline leaves 2—3; uppermost
leaves small, with strongly expanded, inflated, amplexicaul sheaths with
membranous margins; radical leaves long-petioled. Umbels 3—7cm across,
of 8—30 white-villous rays, covered with long thin curly hairs; leaflets of
general involucre 5—11, lanceolate-linear, long-acuminate, broadening at
base, densely villous, membranous or with membranous margins as long as
or half length of rays; leaflets of involucels 5—11, similar to those of
involucre, usually longer than umbel rays; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute,
pubescent, nearly as long as white or pale violet, broadly obovate, ca. 2mm
long and as wide petals; fruit ovoid, 5—9 mm long, 3—5 mm wide, soft-haired,
sometimes smaller, 4—5 mm long, 3.5—4 mm wide (var. microcarpus
Gidby) Ki-Poell,). (Pilate Vil, Hicure wl),
Stony and moss-lichen tundra, dry beds in alpine zone.— Arctic: N. Ural,
Arc. Sib., Chuk., An.; W. Siberia: eastern slope of N. Ural Alt. (Kuznetsk
Ala-Tau, Naryn Range); E. Siberia: Ang.-Say., Dau., Lena-Kol. (Lower
Tugunska and Taimyr Range). Gen. distr.: Mongolia. Described from
Baikal. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1050. SAPOSHNIKOVIA * Schischk.
Schischk. in Addenda XVI, 359.
Calyx-teeth short-triangular; petals white, glabrous, broadly oval,
obtuse, not notched; ovary densely covered with transverse white
* After Professor V. V. Sapozhnikov (1861—1924), from Tomsk University, an explorer of Russian and
Mongolian Altai, Dzungarian Ala-Tau, Tien Shan and Turkish Armenia.
39
Sole
sibiricus (Steph.) K.
N20
1— Phlojodicarpus villosus Turcz.;
PLATE VII.
40
excrescences becoming obliterated in fruit; fruit ovoid, slightly compressed
dorsally, mericarps with acute prominent dorsal ribs, each with 1 large
canal, valleculae broad, with 1 canal, 2 canals toward commissure; albumen
flat; stylopodium conical; styles straight at first, becoming recurved, as
long as stylopodium. Perennial herbs, with stem strongly branching from
base and 2—3-pinnatisect leaves.
Monotype genus endemic to E. Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia, Manchuria
and Korea.
1. S. divaricata (Turez.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Stenocoelium diva-
ricatum Turcz. in Flora XVII, Beibl. (1834) 14,nom. et in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mose. X1(1838) 93, nomen nud.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 332; Turez. Fl.
baie -dahure 1(le44)l 493") Miaximls) Prime Ely Atma (1859) 12.8 — Siete
divaricatum Benth. et Hook. Genera plant. 1 (1867) 909.— Trinia
dahurica Turez. ex Bess. in Flora, XVII, 1 (1834) Beibl. p. 14, nom.
HUGH eOMmembpia Isiers el honcdie cic SPoly in) Bulls isocs Nati WioscamNeESs
SOae Gols) 33) le Az, wROSss.) 15)(L920) 26 )— wlll sie el lhity aur us clanteuena
Thell. in Le Monde d. Plant. XXVI(1925) 4.— Ic.: K.-Pol. in Fl. Az.
Ross. 15, table 4; Kom., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, table 253:
Perennial; root 1.5—2 cm thick, vertical, its neck densely covered with
brown leaf remnants; stem single, 30—80 cm high, branching from base with
obliquely ascending branches nearly as long as or longer than main stem,
ribbed, flexuose, stem and leaves glabrous; radical leaves numerous, their
short flattened petioles abruptly dilated into sheaths, blade oblong, 6—20 cm
long, 2—4 cm wide, 2- or nearly 3-pinnatipartite; primary lobes oblong or
ovate, petioluled, lower secondary lobes also petioluled (upper sessile),
pinnatisect into acute narrow ovate sessile lobules; cauline leaves similar
to radical but smaller, upper leaves sessile on expanded sheath, with un-
developed blade or blade obsolete. Umbels 4—6 cm across, numerous,
forming corymbiform panicle of 6 —7 glabrous, angular, unequal rays; in-
volucre absent; umbellets 4—10-flowered; calyx-teeth conspicuous, short-
triangular; petals white, glabrous, broadly oval, obtuse, not notched; ribs
of ovary covered with transverse white excrescences; stylopodium conical;
styles straight at first, later recurved, nearly as long as stylopodium; ripe
fruit glabrous, ovoid, 5—6 mm long, 3—3.5 mm wide, with prominent acute
ribs. June—July. (Plate V, Figure 1.)
Pebbly steppe slopes, shrubby thickets, birch forests, rarely as a weed. —
E. Siberia: Dau.; Far East: Ze.—Bu., Uss. Gen.distr.: Mongolia, Man-
churia, China, Korea. Described from Transbaikalia. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1051. CYMBOCARPUM * DC.
DG. Prodr. 1V (1830) 186 in nota ad Anethum cymbocarpum DC.
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals obcordate, with inward curved lobe,
white or pink; fruit compressed dorsally, with thin tapering or slightly in-
flated margin; ribs thin, filiform, often inconspicuous, lateral close to margin
* From the Greek kymbe (Latin cy mba) — boat, karpon — fruit, referring to the shape of the
mericarps.
4]
58
61
of fruit; stylopodium short-conical; canals ultimately obliterated. Annual
or biennial herbs, with 2- or 3-pinnate leaves divided into linear lobules;
involucre and involucels of 5—7 linear herbaceous leaflets.
Four species in Transcaucasia and the northern parts of Turkey and
Iran.
Sagi Ul chiq (bitin olicvopsich bien) aie o..2)\ Man a te ee anME Mr EABAUR UIT eG. clo 2.
2. Peripheral petals elongated, 2—2.5mm long, umbel of 13—21 rays...
St tbeD hy Sf oh Gap MMMM eT Mee GEMM ee PROS BEERS ma CIR As 3. C. wiedemannii Boiss.
+ Peripheral petals not elongated, 1—1.5mm long, umbel of 7—11 rays
LEE Hee dg A RCI rk Mi ES A 2. C. erythraeum (DC: ) Boiss.
1. C. anethoides DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 186; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 365;
Boiss: whlvor. pl, - 1028; Grosse. ,; il. Kaviks Il, 1i65— Amie danni ilies
pocarpumeab@s, lc. (1830))— daxs): Herb: Flo Cauc., Nov. 93 aablat orcs
No. 238.
Annual; root thin, to 2mm (sic! ) across in upper part, straight or curved;
stem 5—35 cm high, branching from base, stem and leaves glabrous; leaves
ovate, lower with petioles longer than blade, blade 3cm long, 1.5 cm wide,
tripinnatisect into narrow linear acute,2—7 mm long, 0.3—0.5mm wide
lobules; upper leaves smaller, sessile on short sheath with broad white
margin. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 6—13 unequal glabrous rays; involucre
of 1—6 narrow linear acute leaflets; umbellets 6—10mm across; involucels
of 1—3 nearly equal, linear leaflets, oe to 1 length of rays; petals white,
deeply notched, 1.5mm long, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid,
3mm long, 2mm wide, finely scabrous, with narrow white margin, dorsal
ribs filiform. June—July.
Dry and stony slopes, wormwood steppes.— Caucasus: E. and S. Transc.,
Ral NGenwGicstr. +) irate Described irom lean.) iype) limGenevar
JeC jlerythraeum (DC) Boiss. Fl. jor. 11,(1872) 1028: (Grosse saa
Kavk. Ill, 176.— C. anethoides C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Kauk. (1831)
132, non DC.— Anethum erythraeum DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 186.
Annual or biennial; root long, vertical; stems 10—30cm high, ascending
or erect, sometimes spreading, branching from base, rarely nearly simple,
glabrous; radical leaves withering early, their long petioles abruptly passing
into expanded sheath, blade broadly oval, 1—1.5 cm long, nearly as wide, bi-
pinnatisect intolinear acute, 3—8 mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide terminal lobules;
cauline leaves similar to radical, median and upper leaves sessile on ex-
panded sheath with broad membranous margin. Umbels 3—7 cm across, of
9—11 unequal glabrous rays; involucre and involucels of 5 linear, acute
recurved leaflets without membranous margin; petals white or pink, ca.
1mm long; fruit broadly ovoid, 3—3.5 mm long, 2.5mm wide, glabrous;
stylopodium short-conical; styles reflexed, longer than stylopodium;
ribs filiform, marginal slightly broadened. July—August.
Gravels, stony taluses and slopes, shrubs, to 3,000m.— Caucasus:
S. Transc. (Lake Sevan), Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Oltu, Artvin),
Iran (N.). Described from N. Iran. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
42
MOUMIOO UU DRO necnres a
pon ell
5
PLATE VIII. Schematic cross sections of mericarps: 1 — Conioselinum kamtschaticum Rupr.;
2—C. vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell.; 3 —C. latifolium Rupr.; 4—C. victoris Schischk.;
5—Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch.; 6—A. brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedtsch.; 7—A. amu-
rensis Schischk.; 8— A. sachalinensis Maxim.; 9—Archangelica decurrens Ldb.; 10 —
Coelopleurum gmelinii (DC.) Ldb.; 11—Peucedanum hystrix Bge.; 12—P. remardti
Rgl. et Schmalh.
43
62
3. C. wiedemannii Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1028; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Tike eleior
Annual or biennial; entire plant glabrous; root long, vertical, fusiform,
to 0.8 cm thick; stem 20—40 cm high, from base with obliquely ascending
branches nearly as long as main stem; leaves ovate, lower with petioles
as long as blade, blade ca. 5 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, many times pinnatisect
into narrow linear 5—10mm long, 0.5—0.8 mm wide, acute or obtuse lobules;
upper leaves sessile on sheath with broad white margin. Umbels 5—8(10)cm
across, of 15—21 smooth, unequal rays; involucre of 8—9 linear sometimes
pinnatifid leaflets becoming recurved; umbellets 7—10mm across; involu-
cels of 1—5 narrow linear acute herbaceous leaflets, longest as long as
umbellet or longer; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, ca. 1.5mm
long, obcordate, deeply notched, with inward curved tip, peripheral elongate
(2—2.5mm):; fruit ovoid, 4mm long, 2.5mm wide, dark glabrous with violet
tinge, with narrow white margin, dorsal ribs filiform. June. (Plate XXI,
Figure 2.)
Taluses, possibly in S. Transcaucasia; recorded from the border of the
latter with Kagyzman. — Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from N. Ana-
tolia. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad.
Genus 1052. FERULA* L.**
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 246; Gen. ed. V (1754) 117.— Polycyrtus Schlecht. in Linn. XVIII (1843) 126.—
Elaeochytris Fenzl in Russegg Reise, 1 (1843) 957.— Scorodosma Bge. in Delect. semhort. Dorpat.
(1846) 3.— SumbulusH. Reinsch. in Jahrb. Pract. Pharm. XIII (1846) 69.— Narthex Fale. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XX, 2 (1847) 285.— Euryangium Kauffm. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIII (1871) 258.—
Merwia B. Fedtsch. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. sada, V (1924) 49
Calyx with entire or denticulate margin; petals more or less yellowish,
flat or furrowed by depressed midrib, their apex often acuminate, curved or
curved inward, oval or lanceolate. Stylopodium flattened- conical, with flat,
widened, more or less lobed margin. Styles short, stigmas subulate, rarely
thickened, capitate. Mericarps plano-compressed with broadening but not
thickened margins, ribs of mericarps filiform, slightly protruding, rarely
acute; lateral ribs not thickened, more removed from dorsal ribs than these
are from each other. Pericarp of different structure, ribs with more or
less developed mestomes, comprising a sometimes poorly developed bundle
of sclerenchyma, mestomes usually entire, but inmarginal ribs split upinto sev-
eral bundles which together with sclerenchyma sometimes fill up inner part of
fruit margins; marginal bundles close to or along margin; resinous canals
costal or intercostal, costal outside mestomes, often obsolete in ripe fruit;
intercostal canals numerous, narrow, often obliterated in ripe fruit or
solitary; commissural canals sometimes branching; mesocarp of 2 layers,
outer parenchymatous, the inner, especially the hypendocarp, fibrous; fibers
of hypendocarp more or less lignifying, often forming thick layer, some-
times hardly visible, penetrating into marginal mestomes and with them
surrounding seed.
“ Treatment by E. P. Korovin.
** From the Latin ferula — whip, rod; referring to the former use of the dry stems as instruments of
punishment in schools.
63
64
Perennial, semi-monocarpous herbs, often with thick and high, sometimes
very large stem. Leaves mostly in rosette, their blades always ternately
dissected; cauline leaves with well-developed sheaths, rarely sheaths weak-
ly developed. Umbels in panicle, usually without involucre. Usually central
umbels with bisexual flowers, lateral with male and mixed flowers, those
with mixed flowers surrounding central umbels, or all umbels equal with
connate axes. Umbelleis without involucre or with small one. Flowers poly-
gamous-hermaphrodite or male or only female; petals 1 to 3.5mm long.
More than 130 species in Central Asia, W. Siberia, the Caucasus, the
Mediterranean region, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan, China
(Sinkiang), and India.
Note. Ferula differs from all other platycarpous Umbelliferae
merely by the structure of the fruit, not by the arrangement of the umbels.
It is distinguished from Peucedanum, which resembles some species
of Ferula in its habit, mainly by the marginal position of the lateral ribs.
In the structure of the pericarp Ferula, Dorema Don, Ladyginia
Lipsky, Soranthus Ldb., Zozimia Hoffm., Pastinaca L. and Mala-
baila Hoffm. together constitute a natural group in the subtribe Eupeuce-
daneae Boiss. The anatomical characters of the fruit accepted by Calestani
and Kozo-Polyanskii proved invaluable in the natural delimitation and
division of the species, but were of little use in the subdivision of the genus.
1. All umbels central, i.e., apical on stem and axillary branches, or
lareralhumioelis developed asewell (io 25 At). Gilets a Sia ie eee eee 2,
a Umbels disposed in two ways: at apex of stem and branches, or
SHOvale® ence Uy els) ke Tonle @ee long wlaveiaal Gay's goa see suo y ee) gh 9.0 bon 8 34,
Dy. Lobes of lower leaves large, not less than 15—20 mm wide, covered
SEAL MS Olstigs ATES eet vt ne te tiie ike ee ins Fe Caplan Bid siete higlct) ome ant Pee a Bho
as Lobes of lower leaves smaller and much narrower, sometimes
reduced to single nerve (if wider than plant devoid of lateral umbels
OP SCAOMOUIS, Coveiceel VWiaulan Siuae IneGPS) SIRI My 5G Re ee oe a ee 16.
3. Lobes of lower leaves entire or more or less cut into entire lobules
BUNGE! SSSiIN SS MO Ma aNEN EN a Ee A, eM Ra enya MEME pete na I. oh Ab 4.
ar Lobes of lower leaves incised-dentate or simple-dentate ......... 9),
4. Ovary and fruit pubescent; plant with thick, sturdy stem, 5—8 cm
ACKOSS Wild chise@ieeenlole SimaeSll Sy Gay he 5 Ye os 1. F. assa-foetida L.
cam Ongena mG Wile THOU AST OUS tu!’ s, ve Alves uunibe Jedycucpbeyi ss Gal ale Mon /ait Sirgen Wicker De
SPP MLE rCOStalmnurrOws) With Uacanalonil re sro i tc 5, igi h od cima eaten autism ae 6.
+ Intercostal furrows with many canals or canals inconspicuous ...... ts
6. Umbels of 20—25 rays; plant with thick, sturdy stem; leaf lobes
oblong-oval, entire; fruit ellipsoid, 20mm long, 2—4 canals toward
COMM TAT SS eH ae tortie ate The ae en NaC eae mene Ore mrt 22. F. kuhistanica Korov.
ae Umbels of 10—15 rays; leaf lobes oblong, deeply cut into several
lobules; fruit ovoid, 12mm long, 10—12 canals toward commissure: -.- -
PRUE Wisi pe SABE Ch sn nish # ac slo he louectiace: Ps ici. ios scoyyaatet incditasgeau Ts Mieyy Sapteut 17. F. iliensis Krasn.
mmr CHS OTTO RAGS es nd gd en kk ne ah cus he uu eRe (i ee a ee a OR 8.
+ Umbels many-rayed (about 25); stem high, thick; leaf lobes oval,
entire or incised-laciniate, with undulant margin; fruit 13 mm long;
intercostal furrows with numerous canals
45
65
Zid 5
Intercostal canals inconspicuous; stem thin, ca. 40cm high; lobes
TCLS EAs TACIMUATS TON a ciney Ryieew carrie ae yaa ne cee eRe a 2. ‘F. keliti Korove
Intercostal furrows with three canals each; leaf lobes entire,
SOMeLI MAES With Tew, apical teeth ans cu Ne susie a. 5. F. primaeva Korov.
Stem. nodes distinetly wmitatedey ais. Ok mest et cc eu. a ae nee i 10.
Stienny, cyslimdrcrealy Py ecw bts Pe sick eaten Ar uae atte Te en net ea 12.
Stem much branching to producing spreading panicle; with central
umbelvonly (lateral umibelis lacking) (149) a) 7 ake. 2 ann ish
Stem branching once [sic], producing spreading panicle; with central
umbels, lateralvin Sroups Of SG ste sere wer nthe Ween shal ee
Aegon cy oe Cceamnn aS Mae RAPIER ORs mame 15. F. diversivittata Rgl. et Schmalh.
Umbels ca. 15cm wide; fruit with two canals toward commissure
Sa hb Ags Weeds OH: PAE oP pci ae oot) CLT Mine ena einkenhoeg & 19. F. inflata Korov.
Umbels half as big; fruit with 6 canals toward commissure......
SMR ees eee ay 8 tahie ae al stare aaa. se EMEA TS aay ates deniers 18. F. latifolia Korov.
Leaf lobes acutely serrate; fruit with 4—5 canals infurrows.....
Me eee ete awit Sh ralg dates ck putes ase ve 29. F. kokanica Rgl. et Schmalh.
Leaf lobes dentate in upper half; canals solitary infurrows ..... ye
Stem ca. 2m high, much branching, producing spreading panicle;
alt immbels terminals lateral unibels lacking "SLi. 01 wean
Lh ay iced ODE a eh Oa lh aR ae hc Bet er 16. F. gigantea B. Fedtsch.
Stem branching once [sic], producing dense panicle; two kinds
of umbels, terminal and lateral (these disposed in groups of few
EnAd SYS Sh he eRe I ee Mt he Mienee EA A RR R e os oc Ls 14,
pkantin wealth tar= like (OdOT We) ars. aici 6 Ca lapie foe slosh, hehe boo ey ee 15.
Plant with disagreeable garlic-like odor; stem thick, robust;
Mano ellis Cam ko Cii ACEOSS* cir a ot. 21. F. foetidissima Rgl. et Schmalh.
Stem ca. 2m high, tapering; leaf lobes lanceolate, entire, rarely
incised, rounded-dentate in upper half; fruit 10mm long........
PE eae GACH itso. yoda ROG Pokevseivciee Ore he meh eget acters 14. F. conocaula Korov.
Stem half as big, cylindrical, thick, sturdy, red-brown; leaf lobes
incised-dentate; fruit ca. 30mm long .... 20. F. jaeschkeana Vatke.
Petralisdineiey Oubsaide: fre tah eee i Re Lot Bets Sc Aa a rr dhe te
Petals cle br OUSLOULSIOE M0. cog sie tee, Sy out) © cos eucin se 26.
Stem) orvonily leaves! covered? with curly hates vy f 2) ee 18.
Pilant coveced wathvshort. fine Mains (oT ewer bens een HO:
(One eval! sive, CleiaisKel lye ldlelinany hee Aue am alee car 12. F. litwinowiana K.- Pol.
OV ae ant euibie ATOMS) 52) eee odes ean cp's ie 8. F. lehmannii Boiss.
Eat USM walt bnek SHUT yt SVCIM Eh rye 2 fale ga teks lok ene ee PAO)
Pilsintt MACH PANS SUASGl Myla Alaulig SSM Ge geg gy 6 oA eS eS oo bo elo ce 6 3 eo PHN
Inkerncostaliurrows) withmunmerous ‘canalis) ) .): /3).-) 49) 5) eee Ade,
(GRA Ske 2) Golen get he hoy (eA Gee ee ee A RAAT EMA at. oo ae
Umbels 8—10 cm wide; leaf lobes small, 4—5 mm, long incised-
laciniate; canals numerous toward commissure... 7. F. persica Willd.
Umbels ca. 15 cm wide; lobes ca. 10mm long, oval, incised-blunt-
dentate; canals toward commissure inconspicuous <)> 0. ae eee
Rie eT ee eam Meer ie Ail Ny em MME CR eke Sy tala co. Me ge 6. F. tersakensis Korov.
Stem thick, inflated about middle, hollow, branching, producing ;
denvgeyoanmncle ye iaiits AOpen TORMoy see yea ne 24. F. badrakema K. - Pol.
Stem cylindrical, not hollow; fruit 15mm long.. .23. F. gumosa Boiss.
60116 7 46
23).
24,
29.
Umbellets with involucres of 106 lanceolate, hairy, persistent leaf-
lets; stem 30—40 cm high; fruit 7mm OLAV OMEUIN SAU miely res eee AT oy WOU NY 20
SM 7) cfu Sieh bak MAL IOS SSS AC CIRO OP MRO Ea 28. F. syreitschikovii K. -Pol.
Umbellets with involucres of small, squamiform, deciduous leaf-
ICES Mongnvolucnes aching | MON me um ae cd ees oa he, alae Md Vag 24,
Umbels of 20 rays; leaf lobes ca. 25mm Woy ol oot aa es Poses teieabenne | it ts a
OF tS No cic Hin Eo LORY atch eS) Man eon DN gr aa oe eT «RRC da 13. K. karakalensis Korov
Uinaloed! ie TO) reenass “olosts HO ill) meavenloilss, kh ee 29.
Umbels of 6—8 rays; leaf lobes oblong, incised-laciniate; fruit
oblong-ovoid; fruit with 3 canals per furrow, 2 toward commissure
etme h dena ies an “aber OAR EEA Sa icp 7 ah CeRPET Uh RSH une DS Tae 10. F. mogoltavica Lipsky.
Umbels of 7-11 rays; lobes oval, incised-laciniate; fruit globose-
ovoid, with wide margin; canals 5 per furrow, 10 toward commissure
- Bo) ot AON Geen ato fark te ey MERON TA eae ce RM Fe OO Ta 11. F. szovitsiana DC.
Leaf lobes narrow, filiform to Mia eigowiliye linea ie 7A a en ead Dale
NB pio Sy Chimie UE de ill ANA EEL 8d es ro ay Eel del a Ae am 48.
Leaves many times divided into narrow linear lobes not exceeding
UO cahaeh rk NL y ate eR Ge 1823 fe ee DMPO EAM oats EM ego ye Yarn 28.
Reaves, witlaVelon sae lobe spirals tile ia. /o8h os Nek airy Ut iy ae Seal Oe ca aor
Bini po lamityo lle ROMS. Atiris Wt. keah hy eet MPAA | oe aoe teuen ee 29.
Plant covered with stiff hairs or scabrous, with spines at lower
SUCION CHUTE Tee Ss icy UAC ee eh Rn AER Im AMT TE US ERS Iay aly a's 35)
Stem sturdy, thick; leaf lobes clustered in small bundles .......
Secu esha MAS Eeoto Wei cta sy CNEL ein. We ANN dentate ) 5 2 20-0 = =) t-i-s seem meme 60.
Sheaths of leaves large, broadly oval; lobes linear-lanceolate,
El UlaanNoehhe sa i eee mn vena nM ECs SRC ABne War GM De So! 0)‘ oo. 0 3 50.
Shleathssmuch simallen "andi narrowieiee. \.95 Ss 0s i. teenie nee 512
Leaves bright green; sheaths wider than long; umbellets with
ira Ob HO ZOTES Pein oe sete ene Panel da ate ar. sae MeMiel eee ome 78. F. badhysi Korov.
Leaves gray-green; sheaths oval; umbellets with 10-15 flowers ...
SST REE ANT See nett Meet ae meet 79. F. oopoda (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss.
Leaf lobes broadly linear, 5—7 times longer than wide -- 722. = - D2.
Mobecmhine arc lanice ollavie tal cinaaasiaelthe) Antal sn ayeet eval onion tet ite ietat tear Taner 54.
48
52.
D3).
54,
55.
Stem high, thin, nearly leafless with central umbel only, a sparse
panicle of 5—11 rays; umbellets 20-flowered; fruit 6—7 mm long
SAEs © Gi, CeO FORCED CRIP Tu ee RPA Tae PAS ase Mk. CR 82. F. korshinskyi Korov.
SE So aN Keesha ean See re ee POM Appa AD Pane At Bunty tulirs Meet. Aer ea ora ih Se
Sheaths with oblique base; umbels in sparse panicle; leaf lobules
1K) 10) seminar yee 0) taalioay lerayers itreahe IL Ik vem iar Woyale, 516) 6 5 5 iy a se pe oo ee
VSR eT octnawey te) eo eipenee ce Nae ete RNG Mme io. 83. F. clematidifolia K. -Pol.
Sheaths with erect base; umbels in broad panicle; leaf lobules
4) saan Weeove? euarol (iranian ayakelee” aiamibihe WO) 1s) ioauaal Meike fo SG he oh Oe
6 Me oes) Cy. Bloc toMy MAY ACW) Se Aart aan Maree oa So 84. F,. penninervis Rgl. et Schmalh.
Leaf lobes narrowly lanceolate, with few parallel whitish nerves .. 50.
Lobes narrow, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with midrib only..... 56),
Umbellets with involucres of herbaceous leaflets; leaf lobes to
9cm Tong; fruit with 1 canal per furrow, 2 toward commissure. .
UP MRAM tree ORM ter Gani iciirts sit ie lg aL MIa eile) geevrah lg Mattes te nee related be 72. F. involucrata Korov.
Umbellets without involucres; lobes shorter and narrower;
ews Waka! LL Canal josie woo SO WoNvenrCl (OmmAMMISSWUIES - 5 5 co Fee
5! 5 ALIS or php RONGe ORE CR It Om OU ease seat ee len fSUeaRea et cae gat 71. F. leucographa Korov.
SmeathisghienbaCeOus, sacar ya flat wages) Goan hon taccthon a. Wen eamen ieee sete Dl
Meanie COjrsaACCOUSi pill LAL CG cassis) Pipe uneme sous) co atraes cal rele aiet tele eee meme a 58.
Umbellets with involucres of herbaceous, persistent leaflets;
WIM TSS) Oil IO—AO) ices roewhie ts mad Worist 55 5 5 Shc 88. F, songorica Pall.
Umbellets without involucres; umbels of 4—5 rays; fruit 8—9 mm
[KOTOR RMS ou eae nO Ree geen Cer earns tS AM ees Oe oe RA 81. F. tatarica Fisch.
Plant with thin stem, ca. 50cm high; umbels impoverished, of
3—6 rays, with involucres of unequal leaflets; sheaths of leaves
oblong-oval; leaf lobes to 30mm long, 2mm wide; fruit 13 mm
IOI oo 9 66 oO MBL Oo onOMG to BOr oS clro poral geile) 0 alm olaco 73. EF, aitchisonii K. -Pol.
Eilanivlacoen ss umbelstot O20 sea wsimiOlu Cres) laicksinoeeaysuir weil) ceils D8).
Sheaths oval-lanceolate; umbels of 15—20 rays, ca. 10cm wide;
laitenalm mma elise l= 2p shanks eect Wl te veWen eie cies 85. F. kaschkarovii Korov.
Sheaths oval-lanceolate; umbels of 10—15 rays, ca. 6 cm across;
eviecucen MK rouaall ofe! MoM ren Sica en Waly Dement ee Go iA ied Ob babe (if kes chancEs oOms7Zczs
Plant entirely glabrous, glaucous; leaf lobes incised-dentate in
TT) SMe es 5) ay id rah ney tay. Gola HSL tei Lonerele naluoy apt whitey Neu toh asi izedMol os yay de: ATOR Venetia oR “Tau 61.
Plant with soft hairs or scabrous, covered with stiff hairs....... 64.
Low plant, ca. 30 cm high, with terminal umbels only; leaf lobes
lanceolate tripartite, 3mm long; fruit 6mm long, with glaucous
PMO ra I CEE EE eee ee eee, Ie Mite anata a tetlanseh vay bari 49, F. nuda Spreng.
IP llevaie Inuslaere Shyahelal eNO) atavols! Ost MUNDAOSIIS) 3) occ aud ss dis ooo 6 4 obo 6 62.
Fruit broadly ellipsoid, with 4 canals toward commissure; plant
Vayaelal eldubal Sevan, haa yoilsy, Oi: ILO) sees 496 su 3.5 48, F. karategina Lipsky.
Fruit ellipsoid with 6 canals toward commissure; plant twice as
MEAG LORS eri. Bon SRS Sih Sener ae «Pap ENS | GPPaR I SE NL aye ie Bel care ie eR ea 63.
Leaf lobes broadly linear, widening at apex, incised, acutely toothed;
WLAN OYSNSort Sy Oekehy ise virebhnrd ll waauantelKovake’- Wana, Ue Guat ales) do Gh ofc OG Sita
47, F. ceratophylla Rgl. et Schmalh.
Shee linea, meus, footed at apex, ca. 15 mm long; umbels of
4110) ieenySs we wun: LO ass NOatas TA ay) ee oe slcore 46. F. tschimganica Lipsky.
49
70
Or
te
Cre
Plant, ‘at Teast leaves, covered with’ soft:hains ™: Grpot.ie oe sv eiiee! pene (td
Pilantiscabrouss Coveneduwathus tite niaiies ie) Sern a osha melrie tral iment or
Umbels terminal only; sheaths herbaceous, flat, not inflated ..... 66.
Wimmibelisiternmuinali and laterals sineathisy amtllate clei.) en aera iene Gme
Stem thin, ca. 2m high; leaf lobes cut into toothed lobules, to 50 mm
long; withering> wmbelsjoh 0-20 mays 3) pie eWee.) ake ae te eee
BEC e ace Ae ae a 70. F. pseudooreoselinum (Rgl. et Schmalh. ) K. -Pol.
Stem half as large; leaf lobes narrower, oblong-lanceolate, tri-
parcive:) uUmbelstor6—.0) rays sis: 69. F. moschata (Reinsch) K. -Pol.
Pianitawith thiekkrobis tt'Steim, fy S02 sen ets leh a ep ek nc beuke ase 68.
Pilamcbe wap thin Stender spe ne oi kere Pe) i a ae ati ky eitaeeaclel lelned ote ete item eee ene 69.
Fruit 10—12 mm long, intercostal furrows with 1—2 canals;
umibeiletse2i0- flowered stit.n) 8G ice aeots 25... teterrimal Kars euicur:
Fruit 14—15mm long; canals 2—3 per furrow; umbellets with
AO) et ssa VAC NIC SIT ay Te erect G's terme t wt le tite’ sal SO teih o> was coolian mel 26. F. krylovii Korov.
Umbellets with involucres of 10 leaflets; leaf lobes canescent,
oval, incised-dentate; fruit with whitish margin, oblong-elliptic ...
PUI Meh SCAT ie lo letns erie: isl semial qoute fetter is) teh tous .. 27, F. canescens Ldb.
Umbellets without involucres or these reduced to small deciduous
SCE SC eae eee re ame te MAREE A HAA RS Te SQ. b.0 HO ¢ 7).
Eeaitwanrat J—o Canalis per fumerowi se we C17.) eUks ihe hens ey eae reno ae
ctniEwaua Tieanal) per TuUmrOwi ers eile. oie teehee toh ce \e ei) eee etme meee Was
Plant canescent; leaf lobes oval, to 20 mm long, pinnatifid into den-
tate lobules; umbels of 4—9 rays; fruit 9-13mm long; petals flat,
OMS TSIM Wa AUS Pe, eb toda, Se eaban a, de hed offer salhtocroutethe als 9. F. microloba Boiss.
Plant pale green, subglabrous; leaf lobes oblong, dentate, 4mm
long; umbels of 3—8 rays; petals yellow, curved inward ........
MPC RC TORE, BS Vil ta ee Rie hee oe ee Ce LE & Ce 1 35. F. subtilis Korov.
Leaf lobes ca. 20 mm long, oval, large-toothed; umbels of 10 rays;
eteg nse Oareralacray wi@hia Oe Met eye He RUE ates eda eer oe td 67. F. mollis Korov.
Leaf lobes oval, palmatifid into dentate lobules, 20 mm long;
UMM etchOre Votraviss ie rult el Omni QMO a..t heels 68. F. latiloba Korov.
Umbellets with involucres of 5—7 herbaceous, persistent leaflets .. 74.
Umbellets without involucres or involucres of few membranous
IGA St ee a or a ve nV AMAMEM EE iso AG Go GO 70.
Leaf lobes 10 mm long cut into lanceolate, dentate lobules, lateral R
umibelsidisposed inigroups of 2—4:;) petals joblons,. 55 eau. eee ee emene
PNR Le TARA Geese: Sethe ae Wee. eB ate 87. F. akitschkensis B. Fedtsch.
Leaf lobes &mm long; oval, incised-laciniate, lateral umbels dis-
POSCAMMVOROUpS OL UZ” PW jetta lid che beget eee Nave 86. F, transitoria Korov.
Leaf sheaths narrow, lanceolate, amplexicaul; petals pale brown .. 76.
Sheaths different, wider, amplexicaul only in lowermost leaves;
SC AUSI YUL OW MMC O TS) ein net @ WERE Sesh S20 TRS a ee CG
Umbels of 3—10 rays; Jeaf lobes cut into lanceolate lobulespia ees.
2 hea ABR CORMAN Uae Ae 90. F. karataviensis (Rgl. et Schmalh. ) Korov.
Umbels of 2—4 rays; leaf lobes cut into linear: lobules ..375 52 2
Penis ts PAV AUB ash, OS ks ce At Page a Rn Petre Ae 5 acces 91. F.. vicartal Korevs
Leaves thin, bright green, withering, slightly scabrous; sheaths
hardly inflated; canals 2—3 per furrow, 6—8 toward commissure... 78.
50
85.
86.
one
Leaves thickish, dark green, scabrous; sheaths inflated; canals
OCIS UIE OME a LOM Ge COMMAS SGC is ey af site ella a lsMiey hela) hal ab ey eal area te 83.
Shemmeuain seas 40keny hich times vot ta Ou Gays). mrt ot yeu sje suney tells
Cea eyo ETON ERLE IE es uk Re a tie Ca 34. F. leiophylla (K. -Pol. ) Korov.
Stenay tacky carnal imeniohs uibelis of MO Sra; Ss Oi Miad@ Ge Wes) onl eeioiaits (8)
Umbels of many rays (18—27); leaf lobes oval, 15 mm long, incised,
acutely toothed; fruit 8—12 mm long, pale brown; canals 1, rarely
Zper furrows OO LOWard (COMMAS SUEE ssl) oo) ne 31. F. foliosa Lipsky.
Umbels often of 10, rarely to 18, rays; 2—5 canals per furrow,
Ger OMuGuianeG COMMIS US h Niet at eMhs Sine cinema sale sey Sy St accitnan Pactea ciate Ch ate maa aie 80.
Fruit ca. 15mm long, acuminate at both ends; umbels of 8—10 rays;
leaf lobes 20mm long, incised, acutely toothed. . .36. F. nevskii Korov.
MewitinecouncdedatvooOthriendss Sriaal leit, Aon a teeabtitte folie lls) cane oen vemenie nts ime 81.
Stent Gistmetiy antlated tabinodes i [yey a. ksi 6 30. F. tuberifera Korov.
SUSidals, Cy rallalieveligaherU aes Se ANe AT Oe a St ee Raat AM ch calls ile, 3 lr Wel int Inelg 82.
Uimibels or 64 rays. istemisimole: fruit) olavie colored) fi aces jun
Be Mee ee Meer et cdTe gin me manatee, am ichlamlc, Uatha tats 32, F. samarcandica Korov.
Stems few. umbels or 10-6 rays: feuit) brown). 305 Ho keller Ie) ol:
CLEWOCSSCSiaH) SiON ONO WIS) TOMLEWAIES EG Gugvcuoin Oho tio Oudenlc 5 opo capac dlc 84,
@Ganescent plant. COvieTed Willis tiit mae Cyr t.e. tet cotshe ime ten stecme outer alae 85,
All umbels terminal; leaf sheaths flat, herbaceous, lanceolate; leaf
lobes ovals N0imn lone; imeisedadentate™ <0.) 4 tne 50. F. potaninii Korov.
Umbels terminal and lateral; sheaths stiff, inflated, oval-lanceolate;
leat lobesys mam, ones lime aig aimcised al aciimlelie usm suerte anne
epee Ee alts isu ee terse, CuneMRS Kee osu Men oh, cope’ we parkas eres 44, F, minkwitzae Korov.
Meatlobes! lonice G thai 7 Oval Oviallye s.r. mene eh co avon it eee ieme: 86.
Laur MOIS) iaGye saci@uers arena INO} saan, WowWee Goo PS oS oo 6 do 6 bo oe Ome
Umbels of 11 rays, ca. 8cm wide; leaf lobes with broad base,
notched-dentate with undulant margin; fruit oblong-ellipsoid.....
4. SH? Oh GH Eee BEE Baer eae ne TE Ee aM TA VS Saree Ou 65. F. xeromorpha Korov.
Umbels of 10 rays, ca. 10 cm wide; leaf lobes decurrent, incised-
dentate; fruit oblong-elliptic, 10mm long..... 66. F. ligulata Korov.
Canals 2—3 per furrow, 8 toward commissure; leaf lobes pinnati-
sect into curly lobules; umbels of 5—10 rays; fruit8mmlong....
BREE SRE SWE Says oififat ie sic iay farcPed cayuact hag Re, eect eta thee Waris os Ge 54, F. dshizakensis Korov.
Canals 1 per furrow, 2—6 toward commissure; leaf lobes dentate
Ominepeatedly, divided) imtomlinearulobile sy secu: +e jeie) aj). -enen neem n Cn 88.
Plant not more than 40 cm high; umbels of 5—10 rays, 3—6 cm
DEUS Mi dcNee Po ivas tai yeas opie itoilte Mae BUI ante yes RE copy ncltien aii say evel baie ORiet Reger cin alae nate 89.
Pilevars marbrela Mevieersiee onmalsyeilis els NO emmy GAG bb bbc Fo 6 ole bo 4 SHO,
Stem thin; sheaths oval; umbels 3 cm wide; fruit 5—6mm long....
Oe es Rac tie Oh CMGI eK ies wipe Cokes bn cae Ce ay ion. ev cms 03. F. microcarpa Korovy.
Stem thick; umbels Ls times aS Lareoies Shred 1 luO sraatranal aloe a lesen.
Be i octane UE Wie move ue tates AeA haves Bayten (onease We, vee stare Mensaje 592. 1, Ovina Boiss.
Fruit 15mm long; umbels 8 cm wide; leaf lobes trisected into
OwerPlleroyoiaye’ Nitaverene Welobikess fA 757a Gt 6 oo 6. 58. F. ferganensis Lipsky.
TIAN Tao, TaMONeS wlateua, ILO) tamunay Ieiavs easalloelisy SuaeMMEie Go 6 4 6 6c 6 44 ce Shik
Plant covered with branching hairs, canescent; umbels of 8—13
GAN Sey Ora AOC Lili Wal Ck on cubits careytei ee oko Sasclmopenuichs« 57. EF. rubroarenosa Korov.
5]
73
ae Plant covered with sparse stiff hairs, glaucescent, umbels of
G12) PayiSe dee) CM awa Cle) ave re herien cies afinlelio Vehioy ah otis 56. F. lapidosa Korov.
92. Stems distinctly inflated at nodes; leaf lobes ca. 4cm wide, acutely
serrate; sheaths ovate ...92. F. schtschurowskiana Rgl. et Schmalh.
+ Stems cylindrical: ear lobes case HOimamloney) ice een ieee 33).
QS). Umbels many; stem thick, ca.1m high; leaves canescent, their
lobes! casi O main glonicn Siw at heme eri 93. F. ferulaeoides (Steud. ) Korov.
=F Umbels) smaller: (stem thin cons. ee ye ee ae ee 94.
94. Sheaths stiff, lanceolate; stems and leaves densely covered with
short white) hairs: {plant not more than 40\emihigh) = 2a eee
eit eit rales dk Weshk S aul el eed Pes et ar bata lan a2 96. F. dshaudshamyr Korov.
+ Sheaths soft, herbaceous; leaves glabrous or pubescent ........ $B.
Jo.) Glabrous or subslabrous: plant! Genik.0. cr eit tee apne en ee 96.
ate Leaves hairy beneath, their lobes small, oval, pinnatipartite or
ine1rseds irmt4—5, rarely to 9mm longs; plant ca./30 cmihichi sae
ehalceie Aare ta temye les tarpon nce euhec w> eihle He J Contd ategerts ster wl e b DOME eas pleas lems
96. Glabrous plant; leaf lobes dear lanceolate, 2—4 mm long; fruit
Chraaiga Jey OVayet - Tame Deen Se ch mee ey eee BAe Is 94, F. caucasica Korov.
a Sparingly pubescent plant; leaf lobes oval, 5—10mm long, pinnati-
partite into linear-lanceolate lobules; umbels terminal, lateral,
sometimes overlapping; fruit6—7mm long..... 89. F. gracilis Ldb.
Subgenus 1. Scorodosma(Bge.) Drude in E. u. P. Pflanzenfam. III,
8 (1898) 230.— Genus Scorodosma Bge. in Delect. sem Horti Dorpat.
(1%846)'3 et in Rel. Lehman, (1851) 13)— Petals flat, rather laroe, aeayeand
long, whitish, long persistent on ovary; stylopodium flat, widening with lobate
margin; styles elongate, with capitate, flattened, obliquely inserted stigmas;
mericarps flat-compressed, with markedly widened margin; canals numerous
in furrows and toward commissure, often obliterated in ripe fruit. Mono-
carpic herbs, with thick spongy robust stem; leaves with large lobes, rapidly
withering, covered with soft hairs. One polymorphic species, widespread
in the deserts of SW Asia. Plant with typical garlic odor.
ie assa-foctidasl, Sp. pl lis3))246 Boiss. sale fori i ino emeee
fOetida Rolo in Mr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 592, inadnot. — 29 Com oldman
Bentley et Trim. Med. pl.(1180)tab. 131.—Scorodosma foetidum Bge.
in Delect. sem. Horti Dorpat. (1846) 3 etinRel. Lehmann. (1851) 133. —
Remcedanuma Asa foetidm Baill. Euict. iol oViil USO) il aan mcr
Borscez. in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII ser. III, 8 (1860) tab. 1—2: Korov.,
Monogw (19Ag ilable l srig. lt .2.
Perennial; root inflated, ovoid, monocarpic plant; stem thick, ca. 1m
high, robust, branching in upper part to produce dense globular panicle;
lower leaves alternate, upper disposed in few whorls; leaves soft, early
withering, mostly glabrous above, more or less soft-haired beneath; ra-
dical leaves with short thick petioles; blade broad, ternately dissected, its
lobes bipinnatisect into large oblong or oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate,
15cm long, 5cm wide decurrent lobules, rounded at apex, entire or deeply
cut into few, often entire segments; cauline leaves much smaller, upper
32
reduced to sheaths; sheaths oval, flat, chartaceous, covered with curly hairs
outside. Umbels variable, terminal sessile or on reduced pedicels, of
25 rays, spherical, 15—20 cm wide, lateral on long pedicels in groups of
3—6; umbellets 15-flowered, dense, hairy, without involucre; calyx edentate;
petals pale yellow, nearly cream, oval, flat, 3.5mm long; stylopodium elon-
gate; stigmas flattened-capitate; mericarps plano-compressed, with broad
margin, pubescent, ellipsoid or globular- ovoid, emarginate, 16—22 mm long,
16—12 [sic!] mm wide; ribs filiform, slightly protruding; canals very
narrow, sometimes hardly distinguishable, numerous. F1. March—April,
Fr. April—May.
Deserts, —= (Cem, Asie Ty, So, Ieioa Ik, Inna, aeieiea, (Badkhyz).
Gen. distr.: Iran(Iran, Afghanistan). Described from Iran. Type in
London.
Economic importance. F. assa-foetida L. is an ancient Persian
officinal plant which has spread from Iran to many other countries. For
medicinal purposes the stem is removed at the end of the vegetative period,
when the leaves wither, the root is uncovered and a thin slice is removed.
The root then yields a milky juice which turns brown and hardens in air.
This is gathered with a part of the root and another layer is cut to obtain
more milky juice. The product contains gum (12—35%), essential oil
(3-6%) and resin (50—70%). The gum contains bassorin: the essential oil
contains sulphur and has a disagreeable odor. The resin contains ester as
a resinotannol with ferulic acid and free ferulic acid and a small quantity
of vanillin. As a tincture it is used in the treatment of convulsions. The
fruits yield much fat and protein and are fed to horses and sheep in the
winter. The starch in the root is eaten as porridge after being soaked in
water to remove its odor and unpleasant taste.
Subgenus 2. Merwia(B. Fedtsch.) Koroy., Monogr. (1947) 8. — Genus
Vic aw av a Hedtschs ine Bot. mata cerba Bots sada. Vi (1924) 45.— Petals
pale yellow, to 2mm long, nearly flat, with short inward curved tip, long
persistent on ovary, nearly always hairy outside; stylopodium flat, widening,
lobate; styles with thickened stigmas; mericarps strongly compressed,
sometimes flattened, generally with moderately widened margins; canals
numerous in furrows, irregularly disposed, sometimes divided. Mostly
polycarpic herbs, covered with soft hairs (except F. glaberrima): leaves
soft, early withering, usually dissected into small lobules; branches distinctly
thickening at maturation. Fifteen species in the deserts and dry mountain
belt of SW Asia. Parts of the plant have a typical garlic-like odor.
Section 1, SAPROSMIA Korov., Monogr. (1947) 8.— Leaf lobules more
than 5 cm long.
2). fy.) keliti Koroy., Monogr.(1947) 25, — Ie. Koroy., ibid), Mable 1,
Figure 3; Table Il, Figure 1.
Perennial; neck sometimes branching, covered with bristly fibrous
remnants of leaves; stems 1—3, thin, 40—50 cm high, sometimes reddish,
3/3)
KS
branching above to produce sparse panicle; leaves not wilting rapidly,
pale green, hairy on both surfaces, its ternate-dissected sections pinnati-
sect into oval, short-decurrent, entire or notched or incised, 4 cm long
lobules tapering at base; cauline leaves with reduced blade, with oblong
or lanceolate sheath. Umbels vary, terminal umbel ca. 5—6 cm across,
short-pediceled, of 10, rarely more rays, lateral umbels of 1—4 rays;
umbellets 15-flowered, without involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals pale
yellow, oval, acuminate, flat, pubescent, 2mm long; stylopodium expanding,
flat; styles without thickened stigmas; mericarps 7 mm long, ovoid, inflated,
with broad margin and thick pericarp; ribs very thin, inconspicuous; canals
narrow, numerous, scattered, sometimes indistinguishable toward
commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Gypsiferous, variegated foothills. — Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. (foothills of
Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Kelif. Type in Tashkent.
3. F. plurivittata Korov., Monogr. (1947) 25.—Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table III, Figure l.
Perennial; stem thick, ca. 1m high, paniculately branching above;
leaves not wilting soon, pale green, both surfaces covered with soft hairs;
lower leaves ternate, their sections bipinnatisect into oval, decurrent, entire
or incised-laciniate lobules with undulant margin, 6 cm long, 3 cm wide.
Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 15—20 rays, to 13 cm across,
spherical, lateral in groups of 2—3,o0n long, thickened pedicels; umbellets
15-flowered, without involucre, flowers unknown; mericarps red-brown,
inflated, obcordate, with broad margin, 13 mm long, 8 mm wide, slightly
longer than pedicels; ribs thin, inconspicuous; canals numerous, inflated,
filling pericarp, 6—8 toward commissure, many canals at margin of meri-
Campa esi iaye
Slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Kyuren-
dag Mountain near Kazandzhik. Type in Leningrad.
Section 2, PHACOCARPA Korov., Monogr. (1947) 8 — Fruit inflated,
with narrow margin; leaf lobules small.
4, F, glaberrima Korov., Monogr. (1947) 26.—Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table Ill, Figure 2.
Perennial; glabrous acaulescent plant; stem ca. 50cm high, thin, with
white prominent striae, branching above to produce panicle, branches
clustered in a few groups; cauline leaves with ternately dissected blade,
with oblong amplexicaul sheath appressed to stem; segments of first order
tripinnatisect into short linear pinnatifid lobules. Umbels variable, terminal
on short pedicels, of 8—12 rays, ca. 15cm across, rays becoming distinctly
thickened, lateral umbels 1—2; umbellets 10-flowered, dense, without in-
volucre; calyx edenticulate; petals pale yellow, oval, flat, short-acuminate,
2mm long; stylopodium flat, becoming cup-shaped in fruit; stigmas not
capitate; mericarps flat, oval, with narrow margin, 9 mm long, 6 mm wide;
ribs filiform, slightly protruding; canals many (6—7) in furrow, to 20 toward
commissure, )) Er.) June.
54
76
UG
Deserts. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from the Muyun-
Kum desert. Type in Tashkent.
5. F. primaeva Korov., Monogr. (1947) 26.—Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
I Bigurer2.
Perennial; stem thick, ca. 1m high; leaves pale green, hairy on both
surfaces, ternate-dissected into pinnatisect sections divided into 3—5cm
long, oblong-oval,decurrent, slightly dentate lobules, tapering at base;
umbels variable, terminal of 7 rays, spherical, 10 cm across, lateral umbels
2; umbellets 15-flowered, without involucre, pedicels thickened in fruit;
flowers unknown; mericarps dark red, flattish, ovoid, 10 mm long, with
narrow margin; ribs sharply protruding, very narrow, canals 3 per furrow,
8 toward commissure. Fr. May.
Gypsiferous soils.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from
Baisun. Type in Tashkent.
6. F. tersakensis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 26.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
IV, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem thick, robust, ca. 1m (?) high, becoming violet; branches
thickened; leaves ca. 20cm long, soon wilting, pubescent on both surfaces,
multipinnatisect into more or less oval, decurrent lobules, broadening in
upper half, incised and obtusely dentate or simple-dentate. Umbels variable,
terminal sessile, nearly spherical, of 25 rays, ca. 15cm across, lateral 5—6,
crowded at base of central umbel; umbellets with 15—25 flowers, without
involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals oblong-oval, acuminate, flat, slightly
hairy outside, 2.2mm long; stylopodium widening, its margins lobate,
ascending; styles elongate, with flattened globular stigmas; mericarps plano-
compressed, oval, with broad margin, 10 mm long; ribs protruding sharply;
canals very narrow, numerous in furrows, inconspicuous toward commisure.
Fl. May. (Plate IX, Figure 2.)
Clayey depressions in steppes. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic.
Described from Tersakan. Type in Leningrad.
(POLE persicae Willd Spaiplasl GLVOM)) 143 db. EU MRosses lives Ol:
GEocsos eel ikavie WE ai te Hs pube 6 ul aeBorss, \ehsbuliseamiNeouyz.
Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII(1860) 98.— Peucedanum persicum Baill.
Hist. pl. VII (1880) 186.— Ic.: Andr. Bot. Rep. IX (1809) tab. 558; Bot.
Mag. XLVI(1818) tab. 2096; Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table VI, Figure 1.
Perennial; polycarpic; stem. ca. 1m high, thick, robust, whitish, pani-
culately branching from middle; lower branches alternate, upper in whorls;
leaves soft, soon wilting, canescent beneath; radical leaves broadly rhombic,
ternate, their segments pinnatisect into more or less oval, decurrent incised-
laciniate lobules, hardly 4—5 mm long; cauline leaves early wilting with
reduced blade onbroad, flat, oval sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal sessile, of
17—22 rays, 8—10 cm wide, lateral, single or 2 on long pedicels; umbellets
15-flowered, without involucre, with thickened node; calyx edenticulate;
petals pale yellow, oval, flat, hairy outside, acuminate, 2.5mm long; stylo-
podium flattened-conical; mericarps 11mm long, 6 mm wide, yellow,
dorsally inflated, ovoid, with narrow margin; ribs filiform; canals narrow,
many (5—7) in furrows, 16—18 toward commissure. Fr. April. (Plate X,
Figure 1.)
55
Dry slopes, to 2,000 m.— Caucasus: E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr. :
Iran; Described trom Irank iype im Geneva:
8. EF, lehmannii Boiss: Fl. or; 11/(1872)/992:— By perisa casese. im
Mém. Sav. Etr. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. VII(1854) 305, non Willd.; Borsez. in
Mém. Ac. Pétersb. VII, ser. III, 8 (1860) 17, non Willd. — Ic.: Korov.,
Monogr. (1947) Table VI, Figure 2.
Perennial; polycarpic, with cylindrical root; stem ca. 0.5m high, thin,
branching from middle to produce sparse panicle; branches alternate,
upper clustered in few groups; leaves grayish, pubescent, rather persistent;
radical leaves ternately dissected, their segments tripinnatisect into oval,
acutely incised-dentate, 2 cm long lobules; cauline leaves on lanceolate
sheaths with reduced blade of narrower and longer lobules. Umbels variable,
terminal subsessile, of 8—11 rays, 6—8 cm wide, lateral mostly solitary, on
long thickened pedicels; umbellets 10-flowered, dense, without involucre or
with 1—2 deciduous leaflets at base; sepals small, broadly triangular;
petals pale yellow, oval, flat, hairy outside, 2mm long; stylopodium broad,
flat, with thickened margins; stigmas slightly thickened; mericarps oval,
flat, with narrow margin, 7-12 mm long, 4.5—5 mm wide; ribs filiform,
hardly protruding; canals 6 in each furrow, 12—14 toward commissure,
narrow. Fl. May, Fr. June. (Plate DS ekiomige 2)
Sandy-clayey deserts, among wormwood.— Centr. Asia: Ar. -Casp.,
Kyz. K., Kara K. Endemic. Described from Kyzyl-Kum. Type in
Geneva.
Economic importance. The roots are used for food by the local popula-
tion.
9. F. microloba Boiss. Fl. or. I] (1872) 989.— F. collina Freyn in
Mém. Herb. Boiss. (1900) 25.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table VII,
Eigeauie aul
Perennial; plant canescent, covered with soft short hairs, sometimes
violet; stem ca. 0.5m high, thin, branching above to produce sparse panicle;
leaves rather persistent, glabrous above, covered with short, soft hairs
beneath; radical leaves with short sturdy petioles, with broadly rhombic,
ternately dissected blade; segments of first order 2—3-pinnatisect into
small, to 2 cm long lobules, pinnatifid into oval, acutely toothed sections;
cauline leaves with oval or oblong-oval, slightly inflated sheath. Umbels
variable, terminal on short pedicels, of 4—9 rays, 8cm across, lateral
umbels 1—2; umbellets 10-flowered, without involucre; calyx-teeth small,
broadly triangular; petals pale yellow, oblong-oval, flat, acuminate, 2.5mm
long; stylopodium widening,flat; styles not thickened; mericarps plano-
compressed, oval, with broad margin, 9-13 mm long, 6-9 mm wide; ribs
filiform, slightly protruding; canals very narrow, 4—5 per furrow, 8—10
toward commissure. Fl. April—May, Fr. May—June.
Foothills and plains on clayey, slightly saline soils at the foot of moun-
tains.— Caucasus: S. Transce.; Centr. Asia: Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm. Gen.
distr.: Iran (Iran, Afghanistan, Beluchistan). Described from Iran (Saida-
bad and Shah Rud). Type in Geneva.
56
81
10. F. mogoltavica Lipsky, on label in the V. L. Komarov Herbarium of
the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR; Korov.,
Monogr. (1947) 28.—-Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table VII, Figure 2.
Perennial; canescent, covered with soft hairs; stem thin, becoming violet,
branching above to produce subcorymbiform panicle; branches distinctly
thickening at maturation; leaves thickish, rather persistent, glabrous above,
soft-haired beneath; radical leaves on short sturdy petioles with broadly
rhombic blade, ternately dissected into segments bipinnatisect into oblong,
to 2cm long lobules, these in turn incised-laciniate, 2—3-toothed; cauline
leaves with reduced blade, on oblong wilting sheath. Umbels variable,
terminal on short pedicels of 6—8 rays, ca. 8 cm wide, lateral umbels 2,
opposite, on long pedicels; umbellets 8—10-flowered, dense, without involucre;
calyx edenticulate; petals pale yellow, oblong-oval, acute, flat, slightly hairy
outside, 2.5mm long; stylopodium flat, broad with lobed margin and reduced
stigmas; mericarps oblong-oval, markedly inflated, with flat margin, 12mm
long, 5mm wide; ribs protruding rather sharply with 3 broad canals per
furrow, 2 narrow canals toward commissure. Fl. April, Fr. May.
Dry slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from
Mogol-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Section 3. DISCICARPA Korov., Monogr.(1947) 8.— Fruit with widened
margin; leaf lobules small.
ihesZzovitcianalD Cy we rodies ivi Gle30)) MWA ido il sRiOss aimless a0
Bolsceamiilevors bo 94) (Grosisoum Hilwivai<. Til ite wee Giana cha
Szovitsianum Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 186.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr.
(1947) Table IV, Figure 1.
Perennial; stem ca. 0.5m high, thin, branching above to produce sparse
panicle; lower branches alternate, upper gathered in few groups; leaves
persistent, with scattered hairs on both surfaces; radical leaves with short
petioles, and triangular, ternately dissected blade; primary segments 2- or
3-pinnatisect into small lobules not longer than 15mm, these oval, incised-
laciniate with toothed sections; cauline leaves with reduced blade and
lanceolate, chartaceous sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal sessile or on
short pedicels, of 7—11 rays, lateral single; umbellets with 8—12 flowers,
without involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals oblong, flat, slightly hairy
outside, 1.5mm long; mericarps circular-oval, plano-compressed, with
broad margin, 13 mm long, 11 mm wide; ribs filiform, slightly protruding;
canals narrow, 6 per furrow, 10 toward commissure. Fr. June—July.
(Plate IX, Figure 1.)
Solonchak in dry deserts. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Gen. distr.: N.
Turkey (Kulp). Described from the vicinity of Nakhichevan. Type in
Leningrad.
12. F. litwinowiana K.-Pol. in Spis. rast. gerb. russk. fl. VII (1922)
ieee Korove, lonogiewn( 947) ul able Vinee te tige: lls. elixcs a) eme Creevelle
Nosy Zi6g 12
Perennial; root fusiform; stem about 0.5m high, thin, covered with shiny
curly hairs, branching from middle, lower branches alternate, upper gathered
57
y
2—F. tersakensis Korov.
—Ferula szovitsiana DC.;
1
PLATE IX.
58
82
83
in few groups; leaves soft, slightly wilting, pubescent, ternately dissected
with segments of first order tripinnatisect into lanceolate or oblong, 30mm
long, 6mm wide, entire or incised-dentate lobules; cauline leaves with oval
or oblong divergent sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile or
sessile, of 11—15 thickened rays, 5—8 cm across, lateral often opposite, on
long thickened pedicels; umbellets 10-flowered, with involucre; flowers on
short, later swollen pedicels; calyx edenticulate; petals whitish, with dark
spot in middle, flat, with curved tip, hairy outside, 2.2mm long; stylopodium
flat, broad, lobate, olive-colored; styles not capitate; mericarps flat, with
rim widening into wing, broadly oval, emarginate, pubescent, 16 mm long,
10mm wide; ribs thin, filiform, hardly protruding; canals 7 per furrow,
16 toward commissure. Fl. April-May, Fr. May—June.
Sands.— Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz. K., Balkh. (W. Bet-Pak-Dala).
Endemic. Described from Repetek. Type in Leningrad.
13. F. karakalensis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 29.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
able Wey EMeure 2.
Perennial; canescent, covered with short soft hairs; stem ca. 1 mhigh,
reddish-brown, robust, rather thick, branching from middle to produce
ovoid panicle; leaves slightly wilting, hairy on both surfaces, becoming
glabrous above; radical leaves short-petioled, with broadly triangular,
ternate-dissected blade; segments of first order tripinnatisect into more
or less oval decurrent lobules to 25mm long, 18 mm wide, incised-laciniate,
with subrounded irregularly toothed sections; cauline leaves with obsolete
blade or reduced to oblong-oval, chartaceous, wilting sheath. Umbels vari-
able, terminal sessile, of 15—20 rays, spherical, to 10 cm across, lateral 2—4,
crowded on long pedicels; umbellets 15-flowered, without involucre; calyx
edenticulate; petals yellow, oval, short-acuminate, flat, sparingly pubescent
outside, 2mm long; stylopodium flat with thickened margin, entire; styles
not thickened; mericarps plano-compressed, rounded-oval, with broad
flat margin, emarginate, red-brown, 13 mm long, 11mm wide; ribs thin,
hardly protruding; 5—6 canals per furrow, 10—12 toward commissure. Fl.
April, Fr. May—June.
Stony slopes in lower arid mountain belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm.
Endemic. Described from W. Kopet Dagh (Karakal). Type in Leningrad.
Subgenus 3. Narthex(Falc.) DrudeinE. u. P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8
(1898) 229. — Genus Narthex Falc. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 2 (1847) 285. —
Petals yellow, rarely pale yellow, often concave with curved or inward
rolled tip, rarely flat, of variable shape, abscissing after flowering; stylo-
podium widening, with undulant-lobate margin; styles subulate above,
sometimes thickened; mericarps dorsally inflated, with narrow margin;
canals in furrows broad, full of resin, often fusing into single broad canal,
rarely 2—3. Monocarpic herbs, with thick, robust, spongy stem; branches
thickening at maturation; leaves early wilting, mostly with large lobules,
covered with soft sparse hairs. Twenty species, mostly in the mountains
of SW Asia. Most species have a tar-like odor.
59
84
Section 1, PALAEONARTHEX Korov., Monogr. (1947) 8. — Leaf lobules
oblong- oval, more than 5 cm long.
Group 1. Pachycarpae Korov. 1. c.— Fruit dorsally inflated, with narrow
margin,
14. F, conocaula Korov., Monogr. (1947) 33.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
VAT Eitomige ie
Perennial; monocarpic plant; stem ca. 2m high, 15cm thick at base,
distinctly conical, branching from middle to produce ovoid paniculate inflo-
rescence; branches thick, crowded above, whorled; radical leaves smooth
above, finely pubescent beneath, canescent, short-petioled, their blade ternate
with large, 27 cm long, 7 cm wide, lanceolate or lanceolate- elliptic, some-
times deeply pinnatifid lobules, rounded-serrate near apex; cauline leaves
reduced, with flat triangular sheath. Umbels variable, terminal of 16—50
rays, sessile, to 11cm across, lateral 3—7, crowded on long pedicels;
umbellets 15-flowered, with 10 small deciduous leaflets; calyx-teeth small,
deciduous; petals yellow, oblong-oval, 1mm long, with inward curved iiljop
stylopodium cup-shaped; stigmas thickened; mericarps flat oval, with narrow
margin, 11mm long, 7mm wide; ribs acutely protruding; 1—2 canals per
furrow, 8 toward commissure. Fr. May.
Mountain semideserts. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Mogol-Tau). Endemic.
Described from Mogol-Tau Mountain. Type in Tashkent.
15. F, diversivittata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv.
antrop. i etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 33.— F. suaveolens Aitch. et Hemsl.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, III, 1 (1888) 69.— F. Sintenisii Wolff in
Fedde, Repert. XIX (1924) 310.—Ice.: Aitch. et Hemsl. l.c. tab. 20—21:;
Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table VIII, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem to 150 cm high, inflated at nodes, branching from middle
or below to produce broadly oval panicle; branches arcuately curved, lower
alternate, upper whorled; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous above, hairy
beneath, radical leaves on short strong petioles with ternate blade, its lobules
to 15 cm long, 6 cm wide, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, decurrent, nearly entire,
rarely rounded-dentate, sometimes deeply incised; cauline leaves with re-
duced blade and coriaceous, whitish, lanceolate sheath appressed to stem.
Umbels vary, terminal of 15—20(30) rays to 8cm across on very short
pedicels, lateral on long pedicels, crowded in groups of 2—6; umbellets 15-
(20-) flowered, with involucre of 16 membranous, deciduous, lanceolate
leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate; petals yellow, oval, inward curved,
I—2mm long; stylopodium widening, with raised edge; mericarps plano-
compressed, oval, broad-margined, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide; ribs filiform;
canals solitary in furrows, broad, 6 toward commissure. FI. May, Fr.
June.
Soft, herbaceous slopes in steppe belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh., SyegelD) x.
Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Syr Darya
and Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad.
60
85
16. F. gigantea B. Fedtsch. in Tr. Bot. muz. Akad. Nauk. 1 (1902)
135.— F. gigas K.-Pol. in Izv. Voron. obshch. estestvoisp. 1 (1925) 90. —
Ie.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table IX, Figure l.
Perennial; monocarpic plant; root thick, nearly ovoid; stem to 2m high,
to 10 cm thick, tapering, twice branching above to produce broad spreading
panicle; branches thin, except for branches of second order, thickened at
nodes, the latter in alternate pairs; leaves large, pale green, glabrous above,
short-haired along nerves beneath, their blade ternate, sections simple- or
bipinnatisect, lobules oblong-elliptic, with obliquely or shortly decurrent
base, rounded-dentate to 30cm long, 15cm wide; cauline leaves with reduced
blade, upper reduced to lanceolate, amplexicaul sheath appressed to stem.
Umbels axillary only, of 8—15 rays, ca. 5—7 cm across, node becoming
thickened; umbellets with 10—15 flowers, with involucre of 10 lanceolate-
subulate, herbaceous leaflets; calyx-teeth small, triangular; petals oval,
yellow, sometimes violet, inward curved, 1—3 mm long; stylopodium widening,
with slightly raised margins; mericarps oval, plano-compressed, with
narrow margin, as long as pedicels, 10 mm long, 5mm wide; ribs filiform,
slightly protruding; canals solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure. Fl.
June, Fr. August.
Soft, herbaceous mountain slopes in steppe belt, 2,400m.— Centr. Asia:
Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Pyandzh River valley. Type in
Leningrad.
17. F. iliensis Krasn. on label in Herbarium of the Edinburgh Botanical
Garden (nom. nud.), described in Korov., Monogr. (1947) 33.
Perennial; monocarpic plant; stem thick, robust, ca. 1m high, pale green,
paniculately branching above; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous above,
canescent beneath; radical leaves sturdy, short-petioled, their blade broad,
tripinnatisect, lobules to2—5 cm long, 1—1.5 cm wide, oblong, obliquely de-
current, deeply incised or parted intofew entire sections. Umbels variable, cen-
tral sessile, of l4rays, 8-10 cm across, lateral ingroups of three on long pedi-
cels; umbellets 10—15 flowered, without involucre, withthickened node; calyx
edenticulate; petals pale-yellow, oval, flat, hairy outside, 2.5mm long; meri-
carps plano-compressed, oval, with narrow margin, 12 mm long, 7mm wide;
ribs markedly protruding; canals in furrows, solitary, broad, inflated, 10—12
toward commissure. Fr. May.
Deserts.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from specimens
collected between Taldykuduk and Kyzyl-Kum. Type in Leningrad.
Group 2. Platycarpae Korov. — Fruit plano-compressed, with broad
margin.
18. F. latifolia Korov., Monogr. (1947) 34.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
WalohS 26, liebe: Ihe
Perennial; monocarpic plant; stem ca. 1 mhigh, strongly inflated at nodes,
pale green, twice paniculately branching above; branches (except for upper)
opposite, alternate; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous above, hairy along
nerves beneath; radical leaves long-petioled, ternate, their segments divided
into pinnately disposed, oblong-elliptic, decurrent lobules to 15 cm long, tapering
61
86
at base, evenly round-toothed; cauline leaves with obsolete blade, on elongate,
narrow lanceolate sheaths. Umbels axillary only, of 4—8 rays, ca. 6 cm wide;
umbellets 10—15-flowered, with involucre of 3—5 linear-lanceolate leaflets;
calyx lacking; petals yellow, oval, glaucous outside, turned inward; stylopo-
dium widening, flat, with lobate margin; ovary furrowed with protruding
ribs; canals solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure.
Slopes. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kamchirak
mountain pass (in Karategin Range). Type in Leningrad.
19. F. inflata Korov., Monogr. (1947) 35.—Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table X,
Figure 2.
Perennial; monocarpic plant; stem high, sturdy, markedly inflated at
nodes, pale green, branching to produce spreading panicle above; branches
thin, alternate, opposite, sometimes with reduced lateral branches; leaves
soft, soon wilting, glabrous above, hairy along nerves beneath; radicalleaves
ternate-dissected into large, oblong-elliptic, shortly decurrent, rounded-
serrate, ca. 20cm long lobules tapering at base; cauline leaves with reduced
blade on tapering, lanceolate, amplexicaul sheaths; umbels axillary only, of
10 rays, ca. 15cm wide; umbellets 10—15(17)-flowered, with involucre of 5
linear, herbaceous leaflets; flowers unknown; mericarps flattened, oval, with
broad pale margin, olive- colored, 19mm long, 6 mm wide, about as long as
pedicels; ribs filiform, hardly protruding; canals solitary in furrows, 2
toward commissure. Fr. July.
Rose gardens 1,840m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described
from near Shuroabad. ‘Type in Leningrad.
20. F. jaeschkeana Vatke in Ind. sem. Hort. Berol. Append. (1876) 2;
Boiss. Fl. or. Suppl. 264.— Peucedanum jaeschkeanum Baill
Hist. pl. VII (1880) 185.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XI, Figures
2
Monocarpic perennial, stem thick, robust, ca. 1m high, reddish-brown,
branching in upper third to produce rather dense broadly ovoid panicle;
branches sturdy, reduced, mostly in groups of few branches; leaves soft,
soon wilting, often glabrous above, hairy beneath; radical leaves broadly tri-
angular, ternately dissected, their segments bipinnatisect into oblong, oblong-
lanceolate or oblong-linear decurrent lobes, rounded at apex, incised and
crenate, to 15cm long, 5cm wide; cauline leaves with reduced blade on oval-
lanceolate, soft, amplexicaul sheath. Umbels variable,terminal sessile,
subspherical, of 20—25 rays, to 16 cm across, lateral solitary or in pairs;
umbellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals
yellow, flat, lanceolate, withcurved apex, 2.5mm long; stylopodium flat, with
thickened margin, as wide as ovary; styles without thickened stigmas;
mericarps plano-flattened, reddish-brown, oval or oblong-oval, sometimes
distinctly tapering or notched at apex and base, 20—40 mm long, 10—22 mm wide,
with widened margin; ribs filiform, hardly protruding; canals broad,
solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure, 4 at margins. Fl. May—June,
Bice eel une July.
Herbaceous slopes in subalpine and shrub belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh.,
Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran (Afghanistan), Ind-Him. Described from
the Himalayas (Rotang gorge, 4,200—4,500m). Type was in Berlin.
62
87
PLATE X. 1—Ferula persica Willd.; 2—F. lehmannti Boiss.
63
89
90
Economic importance. The ether extracted from the fruits contains 19%
of a dark yellow resin and 3.5% essential oil (d-pinene (91%), cumic alde-
hyde (1.3%), azulene (5%) (V. R. Berutskii. Kompleksnoe khimicheskoe
issledovanie plodov Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke, 1937 (Complex Chemical
Investigation of the Fruits of Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke, 1937)). The
fresh roots contain 0.42—0.71% oil (Snegirev) of which 85% is pinene.
21. F. foetidissima Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada. V (1878) 593
et in Gartenfl. XXVII(1878) 195.— F. krjukovii Korov. in Ind. sem.
Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med. (1927) No. 248.— Ic.: Rgl. et Schmalh. Gartenfl.
XXVII, tab. 944; Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XII, Figure 1.
Monocarpic perennial; stems ca. 1 m high, thick, sturdy, reddish-brown,
branching from middle to produce oblong ovoid panicle; branches reduced,
sturdy, upper in groups of few branches; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous
above, canescent beneath; radical leaves tripinnatisect, with oblong-
lanceolate, rounded-serrate lobules with rounded apex to 12 cm long, 4cm
wide, pinnatifid in cauline leaves into few sections; cauline leaves with
reduced blade on lanceolate, obliquely sessile sheaths divergent from stem.
Umbels variable, terminal sessile, subspherical, of 25—30 rays, ca. 16 cm
across, with 1—4 lateral umbels; umbellets 20-flowered, without involucre;
calyx-teeth triangular-oval, small; petals yellow, broadly oval with inward
curved tip 1.5mm long; stylopodium flat, with slightly thickened margin,
as wide as ovary; mericarps plano-compressed, oval, with broad margin,
light brown, 18 mm long, 11mm wide, twice as long as pedicels; ribs fili-
form, distinctly protruding; canals solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure,
4 at margin. Fl. May, Fr. June—July.
Stony slopes in mountain shrub belt.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from Centr. Asia. Type in Leningrad.
22. F. kuhistanica Korov., Monogr. (1947) 36.
Monocarpic perennial; stem thick, sturdy, pale green, ca. 1m high;
leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous above, hairy beneath, with sturdy, narrow
petioles; lobules large, oblong-oval, decurrent entire. Umbels variable,
terminal subsessile, of 25 rays, ca. 12 cm wide, rays thickening, lateral
umbels on long pedicels, in clusters of three; umbellets 15-flowered, with-
out involucre; calyx-teeth small, triangular; petals [not seen — ed.]; meri-
carps plano-compressed, elliptic, yellow, with broad margin, 20mm long,
11mm wide, about as long as diameter of pedicels; ribs filiform, slightly
protruding; canals solitary in furrows, 2—4 toward commissure. Fr.
August.
Herbaceous slopes in steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from the Aman-Kutan River valley in the Zeravshan Range.
Type in Tashkent.
Section 2, NEONARTHEX Korov., Monogr. (1947) 9.— Leaf lobules
small, cleft or parted.
23. F. gumosa Boiss. Diagn. pl. nov. ser. 2, 2(1856) 92.— F. gal-
baniflua Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 99;
64
91
Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 988.— F. erubescens Boiss. in Anne Sc. Nat. Bon
sér, 3, 1(1844) 316, ex parte.— Peucedanum galbanifluum Baill.
Past, ole Vil (1880) 185.— Ic.: Kohler's Mediz. Pfl. Atlas, II, PSs ML MOIGON as
Ill. Monogr. (1947) Table XIII, Figure 1.
Monocarpic perennial; stem ca. 1 mhigh, pale green, cylindrical, branching
to produce sparse, oblong-ovoid panicle, branches nearly all alternate, rather
thin; leaves canescent, soft, soon wilting; radical leaves multipinnatisect
into numerous small, 1—2 mm long, narrow- linear, obtuse, 2—3-partite lobules;
cauline leaves with reduced blade and oblong-oval, amplexicaul sheath. Um-
bels variable, terminal sessile, of 5—8(15) rays, ca. 10cm across, lateral 2,
opposite; umbellets 10(20- )-flowered, with involucre of unequal, membranous,
deciduous leaflets; calyx-teeth small, triangular; petals pale yellow, flat,
with inward curved tip, sparingly pubescent outside, 2mm long; margin of
stylopodium elevated; styles long, capitate; mericarps yellow, oblong- oval,
inflated, with flat margin, 16 mm long, 8mm wide, much longer than pedicels;
ribs filiform, canals inflated, broad, 1—2 in furrow, 4 toward commissure.
Fl. May, Fr. June.
Herbaceous slopes in steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet
Dagh). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva.
Economic importance. The roots yield 2.84—3.78% essential oil con-
taining d-copinene (80%), water-soluble aldehyde (3.6%), a phenol of un-
known structure (R. Urinson) and up to 24% of a resin which was once used,
as "galbanum," in the manufacture of plasters.
24. F, badrakema K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada. II.
(1921) 62.— F. galbaniflua Aitch. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London Sec.
ser. Ill, 1 (1888) 68, non Boiss. et Buhse (ABTA) = tie, > Auasela il, @5. Was:
15-18: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XIII, Figure 2.
Monocarpic perennial; stem ca. 1 m high, sturdy, thick, hollow, whitish,
distinctly swollen at middle, conically tapering above, branching to produce
spherical panicle; branches sturdy, contracted, with membranous sheath;
leaves canescent, soft, soon wilting; radical leaves short-petioled, broadly
triangular, multipinnatisect into numerous narrowly linear, simple, or
2—3-fid, 1-2mm long lobules; cauline leaves reduced to lanceolate, mem-
branous, flat, early wilting sheaths; umbels variable, terminal subsessile,
of 5—12(18) rays, ca. 10cm across, lateral in clusters of 2—4; umbellets
10-flowered, without involucre; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals pale yellow,
nearly flat, curved only at tip, sparingly pubescent, 2.5mm long; stylopodium
with elevated margin; styles long, stigmas capitate; mericarps flattened,
oblong- oval, light brown, 20—22 mm long, 9mm wide; ribs filiform; canals
inflated, 1—2 per furrow, 6 toward commissure. Fl. April, Fr. May.
Sandy, herbaceous hills in semidesert mountain belt. — Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Kushka.
Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The roots contain a red-orange resin.
25. F. teterrima Kar. et. Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 363. —
Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XIV, Figure l.
Perennial; stem thick, sturdy, deeply furrowed, ca. 2m high, paniculately
branching slightly above base; branches alternate, upper whorled; leaves
65
soft, soon wilting, canescent, lower with long petioles passing into sheath,
their blade triangular-oval, multipinnatisect, into 10 mm long, lanceolate,
cuneate lobules cleft into small lanceolate acute sections: cauline leaves
with flat, wilting sheath. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 15—23
rays, ca. 12cm wide, lateral in whorls of 2—3; umbellets 12—20-flowered;
flowers not seen; mericarps elliptic, plano-compressed, with narrow
margin, 10—12 mm long; ribs sharply protruding, resembling keels; canals
1—2 per furrow, 6 toward commissure. Fr. June. (Plate XI, Figure 1.)
Semideserts. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang (Kuldja).
Described from Sasyk Pastau. Type in Leningrad.
26. F. krylovii Korov. in Sistem. zametkakh po mater. gerb. Tomsk.
univers Nos 2—3 (1934) 2; Kryl., FI. Zap. Sib.’ VIII, 1995.
Perennial; stem thick, sturdy, ca. 1.5m high, pale violet when mature;
branches compressed above, bearing 2—5 umbels. All umbels fertile, the
terminal sessile, subspherical of 12—23 rays, ca. 12 cm across, the lateral
on long thick pedicels, in groups of 2—3; umbellets 10—13-flowered; flowers
not seen; mericarps yellowish, plano- compressed, oblong- oval, with narrow
margin, 14—15 mm long, twice as long as pedicels, crowned by cup-shaped
stylopodium; ribs filiform, protruding; canals 2, rarely 3, per furrow, 6
toward commissure. Fr. July.
Clayey-solonetzic steppe. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described
from near Buran village. Type in Tomsk.
2%. We.eanescens, Ldb. Hl, Ross, 11 (1844) 302: Kryl., Fl. Zap! ‘Sibs villE
1993.— Peucedanum canescens Ldb. Fl. alt. 1(1829) 307.— Ic.: Ldb.
Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. Il, tab. 105; Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XV, Figure 2.
Perennial; root cylindrical; stems 1, rarely 2, thin, twisted, 40 cm high,
hairy below, glabrous above, corymbiformly branching from middle or lower;
branches alternate, upper opposite; leaves soft, soon wilting, canescent,
both surfaces covered with short hairs; radical leaves with short strong
pedicels, their blade triangular, tripinnatisect into small, 5—10 mm long,
oblong-lanceolate or oval, pinnatifid or dentate lobules with typically tri-
angular, acute teeth; cauline leaves with obsolete blade, their sheaths
herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate, more or less divergent from stem. Umbels
variable, pediceled, terminal of 2—8, rarely to 12 rays, 3—6 cm across, lateral
Opposite; umbellets 10-flowered, with involucre of 10 linear-lanceolate,
membranous leaflets as long as pedicels; calyx edenticulate; petals reflexed,
long persistent, pale yellow, oval, with short, obtuse, inward curved tip;
stylopodium flat, margins slightly elevated, lobate; styles elongate; meri-
carps oblong- ellipsoid, with narrow whitish margin, 8—14mm long, 3.5—6 mm
wide; ribs protruding at angles, canals solitary, broad, 2 narrow canals
toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Clayey, solonetzic semideserts, gypsiferous and stony slopes. — Centr.
Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from Arkaul. Type in
Leningrad.
28. F. syreitschikovii K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, III
(922) (1. Wee pulbérulla)Drautyv. ini Bull, Soc.) Nat. Mose. SOdieud
(1866) 323, non Boiss. (1860); [sGaavAles EMI /Zfehope Sudomre WIM S/S ¥42)
66
93
Pastinaca Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. obshch. lyubit. estestv.
antrop. i etnogr. XXXIV (1882) 37, non Ferula Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh.
(1882).— Ie.: Korov., Monogr. Table XVI, Figure 2.
Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck covered with bast-like fibers; stem
20—30 cm high, thin, twisted, corymbiformly branching from middle or higher,
densely covered with short hairs; branches alternate; leaves hairy on both
sides, soon wilting; radical leaves rhombic, bi- or tripinnatisect with blade,
sessile on sheaths, their lobules nearly oval, to 20 mm long, pinnatifid into
small, oval, angular-dentate sections; cauline leaves nearly bladeless; upper
leaves reduced to lanceolate, herbaceous sheaths. Umbels variable,
pediceled, terminal of 8—12 (rarely to 20) rays, 4—6 cm across, lateral
opposite; umbellets 12—25-flowered, with involucre of 10 lanceolate, herba-
ceous, pubescent, persistent leaflets; calyx of triangular-lanceolate teeth;
petals yellow, pale, obovate, acuminate, with inward curved tip, ciliate-hairy
outside, reflexed, long persistent, 1mm long; stylopodium flattened- conical,
with expanded, undulant margin; styles thickened, short; mericarps ellipsoid,
inflated, with narrow pale margin, 7.5mm long, 4mm wide, twice as long as
pedicels; ribs filiform; canals solitary in furrows, broad, inflated, 2 narrow
canals toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Sandy-clayey, gypsiferous deserts, saline outcrops in lower mountain
belt. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Endemic. Described from the
Lake Balkhash area. Type in Leningrad.
Subgenus 4. Euferula (Boiss. ) Korov., Monogr. (1947) 9.— Sect.
Euferula Boiss. Fl. or. II] (1872) 983.— Petals yellow, small, elliptic,
attenuate or acuminate or with inward curved tip, depressed along median
line, soon deciduous; stylopodium short- conical, with expanded, undulant
margin; styles subulate, hardly thickened at apex; mericarps distinctly
inflated dorsally, with narrow margin; canals 2—3, rarely 4 per furrow,
interrupted. Polycarpic or monocarpic, often glabrous herbs; stems robust,
cylindrical, sometimes stems few; leaves thin, withering, variously shaped.
Twenty-six species in the distribution area of the genus in mountains and
deserts with typical tarry odor.
Section 1. PHYLLITES Korov., Monogr. (1947) 9.— Leaf lobules glabrous
or subglabrous (except F. linc zevskyi), thin; the mericarps contain abun-
dant resin; canals superficial.
29. F. kokanicaRgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop.
Memos POO 7 (1882 isc. — Has ch wemamd cay Ba sbedys clhiasiia slugus or
muz. Akad. Nauk. 1 (1902) 136.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XVII,
Figure 1.
Monocarpic perennial; root thickened; stem moderately thick, ca. 1m
high, branching in upper part to produce ovoid panicle; branches in whorls;
leaves pale, soon wilting, hairy beneath; radical leaves ternate, long-petioled,
their segments pinnatisect into oblong-elliptic, obliquely decurrent lobules,
rounded, sometimes deeply cleft, acutely serrate, 7—9 cm long, 2—3 cm wide;
67
95
only the lower cauline leaves with blade, the upper reduced to oval, not quite
amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, the terminal sessile, of 8—16 rays,
9—8 cm across, the lateral 1—2 sessile on pedicels, overtopping terminal
umbel; umbellets 10—15(25)-flowered, with deciduous involucre; calyx
short-toothed; petals oblong-oval, yellow, inward rolled, 2mm long; stylo-
podium flattened-conical, with wide flat margin; mericarps yellow, inflated,
ovoid, 10mm long, 5mm wide, with filiform ribs; canals inflated, super-
ficial, 4—5 per furrow, 10 toward commissure, FI. May—June, Fr. June—
July.
Stony slopes in shrub belt, 2,400m.— Centr. Asia: Pam. -Al. Gen, distr. :
Ind.-Him. Described from Isfairam River. Type in Leningrad.
30. F. tuberifera Korov., Monogr. (1947) 43.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XVII, Figure 2.
Perennial; root tuberiform; stem pale green, medium-sized, ca. 50cm
high, swollen at nodes, branching from middle; lower branches alternate,
upper whorled; radical leaves short-petioled, their blade rhombic, tri-
pinnatisect, into decurrent, obovate, pinnatifid and acutely toothed lobules,
glabrous above, sparsely hairy along nerves and margins beneath, 1.5—2 cm
long, terminal lobules much larger; cauline leaves with reduced blade on
-chartaceous, oblong, flat sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile,
of 7—13 rays, ca. 5—8 cm across, lateral in groups of 2—3, more or less
crowded; umbellets 10—15-flowered, pedicels unequal; involucre absent;
calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, oblong-oval, convolute, 1.5mm long;
mericarps ovoid or oblong-ovoid, inflated, pale yellow, with narrow margin,
14mm long, 7mm wide; ribs thin, hardly protruding; canals 5—7 per furrow,
10 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Stony slopes in Central Asian juniper belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.- Al.
(Kugitang and Chul'bair). Endemic. Described from Kugitang. Type in
Tashkent.
31. F. foliosa Lipsky in Sched. ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS;
Korov., Monogr. (1947) 43.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table XVIII, Figure 1.
Perennial; root thickened, ovoid; stem to 2m high, ca. 4cm thick,
branching from middle to produce oblong-pyramidal panicle; with branches
in few whorls in upper part; leaves soft, soon wilting; radical leaves long -
petioled, their blade wide, pinnatisect into oblong- oval, 15mm long, pinnatifid
or unequally acutely toothed lobules; cauline leaves with oval-lanceolate
sheaths. Umbels variable, subspherical, terminal of 18—23 rays, 8—18, 6 cm
across, lateral 1—3 at or near base of terminal umbel, long-pediceled;
umbellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre or with few membranous leaflets;
flowers not seen; mericarps pale brown, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, slightly in-
flated, with narrow margin, 8-12 mm long, 5 mm wide; canals solitary in
furrows, broad, superficial, 6—8 toward commissure. Fr. July.
Walnut forests.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Fergana Range). Endemic.
Described from Fergana Range. Type in Leningrad.
32. F. samarkandica Korov. in Ind. sem. Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med.
(1931) No. 600 (nom. nud.): Korov., Monogr. (1947) 44.— Ic.: Korov.,
ibid., Table XVIII, Figure 2.
68
Monocarpic perennial; root producing few thickened lateral branches;
stem thin, not more than 1 m high, yellowish-green, branching from middle
to produce oblong-ovoid panicle; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous above,
scabrous-hairy beneath; radical leaves tripinnatisect into oval, ca. 10 mm
long, cleft and acutely toothed lobules: cauline leaves with reduced blade,
upper leaves reduced to oval-lanceolate, slightly inflated sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal sessile, often of 8—14 (rarely 20) rays, ca. 5—7.cm across,
lateral in groups of 2—3; umbellets 10—15-flowered, involucre of few deci-
duous membranous leaflets; calyx of triangular teeth; petals acuminate,
yellow, with depressed midrib, curved inward; stylopodium widening, flat,
with thickened margin; stigmas thickened; mericarps olive-colored, ovoid,
inflated, with narrow margin, 7-10 mm long; ribs filiform, obtusely pro-
truding; canals 3—4 per furrow, 6 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Stony slopes in shrub belt.— Centr. Nias) Iie Shen Pian AleeesMttias
Turkm. Endemic. Described from Aktash. Type in Tashkent.
33. F. kelleri K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. Glavn. Bot. Sada, Il’(1922) 171, —
F. alatavica Lipsky in Sched. ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS. —
Ie.- Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XIX, Figure 2.
Perennial; root fusiformly thickened, polycarpic; stem pale green, rather
thick, ca. 1m high, paniculately branching from middle or above; branches
in whorls, thin, elongate; leaves soft, not wilting rapidly, glabrous above,
slightly scabrous and hairy along nerves beneath; radical leaves triangular-
oval, pinnatisect into oval, 10 mm long lobules, cleft-laciniate or deeply pinna-
tipartite into lanceolate sections; cauline leaves with reduced blade on
oval-lanceolate sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal sessile, of 10—18 rays,
ca. 6 cm across, lateral umbels 1—2, on long pedicels; umbellets 10—15-
flowered, with involucre of few sauamiform leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular;
petals yellow, oblong, with inward curved tip; stylopodium with elevated,
thickened margins; styles elongate; stigmas not thickened; mericarps brown,
ovoid, inflated, with narrow whitish margin, 8mm long, 6 mm wide; ribs
filiform, slightly protruding; canals inflated, unequal, often 3 per furrow,
6—8 toward commissure. Fl. June—July, Fr. July—August.
Shrubby formations in herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Shit sPranmnalss
Al. (Alai Range). Endemic. Described from Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad.
34. F. leiophylla (K.-Pol.) Korov., Monogr. (1947) 44.— F. micro-
loba var. leiophylla K.-Pol. in Sched. ad Herb. Inst. bots gAch Sc.
RSS ice Kooy... ibids. Mable xe, Higune 2:
Monocarpic perennial; with fusiformly thickened root; stem thin, slightly
branching above, ca. 40cm high; branches alternate and opposite; leaves
soon wilting, smooth, radical with slightly scabrous petioles and oval-tri-
angular blade, tripinnatisect into oblong- oval, deeply pinnatifid, 10 mm long
lobules; cauline leaves on soft lanceolate sheaths. Umbels variable,
terminal of 3—6 rays, 3—5 cm across, lateral on pedicels from near its base;
umbellets 5—8-flowered, with involucre of 5 membranous lanceolate leaflets;
calyx-teeth triangular; petals yellow, oblong-lanceolate, with depressed mid-
rib; mericarps pale yellow, flat, with narrow margin, 5mm long, 3.5 mm wide;
ribs filiform; canals broad, 2—3 per furrow, 6—8 toward commissure. FI.
May, Fr. June.
69
PLAINS 2 oS SR Me ESieir iwi mn ey Neve, Seliies B= Bo @ira ering Ilo,
70
18)
100
Sands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. Endemic. Described from the Lake
Balkhash area. Type in Leningrad.
35. F. subtilis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 44.— Ic.: Koroy., ibid.,
Table XX, Figure 1.
Perennial; root fusiform; stem thin, not higher than 40 cm, smooth, violet,
corymbiformly branching from middle; branches alternate; leaves pale
green, soft, soon wilting; radical leaves on short pedicels passing into sheath
with triangular, tripinnatisect blade, with subsessile sections and small,
oblong, dentate, to 4mm long lobules with slightly downy margins; cauline
leaves reduced to lanceolate soft sheaths. Umbels pediceled, variable,
central of 3—8 rays, ca. 3cm across, lateral opposite; umbellets 5—10-
flowered, without involucre or with involucre of few deciduous leaflets;
calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, oblong-oval with depressed midrib and
curved at tip, 1mm long; stylopodium flattened-conical, widening with lobate
elevated margin; mericarps (in flower) obovoid; ribs inflated; canals broad,
solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fr. June.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. (Fergana valley). Endemic. De-
scribed from Fergana. Type in Leningrad.
2
36. F. nevskii Korov.in Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. I, IV (1937) 270. —
Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXI, Figure 1.
Perennial; stem ca. 1m high, branching in panicle from middle or above
to produce panicle; branches and part of leaves violet at fruiting; leaves
pale green, not wilting early, with scabrous-hairy rhachis, 4—5-pinnatisect
into oval, 2cm long, cleft and acutely toothed decurrent lobules; cauline
leaves not seen. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 8—9( 13) rays, to
12cm across, lateral of 1—5 rays on long pedicels, both types fertile; um-
bellets 15-flowered, their node thickened at fruiting, involucre of few charta-
ceous deciduous leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular, persistent; petals yellow,
oval-lanceolate, tapering toward apex, inward curved with concave midrib,
1mm long; stylopodium with elevated margins; styles elongate, stigmas
slightly thickened; mericarps yellow, ellipsoid, acute at both ends, inflated,
with narrow margin, 14—15 mm long; ribs filiform, protruding; canals 5 per
furrow, occupying entire pericarp, 10 toward commissure. Fr. June—July.
Central Asian juniper forests. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Kugitang).
Endemic. Described from Kugitang. Type in Leningrad.
37. F. linczevskii Korov., Monogr. (1947) 45.—Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXI, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem thick, ca. 1m high, paniculately branching above;
branches gathered in clusters; leaves not wilting rapidly, canescent, their
blade wide, multipinnatisect into numerous small linear obtuse lobules;
cauline leaves not seen. Umbels variable, terminal sessile, of 10 rays,
spherical, ca. 10cm across, with thickening rays, lateral umbels single,
long-pediceled; umbellets 15—20-flowered, without involucre; flowers not
seen; mericarps obovoid with acute apex, inflated, with very narrow margin,
16 mm long, 10 mm wide; ribs inconspicuous; canals numerous, protruding
like striae, none toward commissure. Fr. September.
Stony slopes in subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. De-
scribed from Kugi-Frush Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
71
101
Section 2. ANATRICHES Koroy., Monogr. (1947) 9.— Leaf lobules
elongate, narrow, linear-lanceolate, sometimes almost reduced to midrib.
38. F. equisetacea K.-Pol. in Bot. mat gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, II
(1921) 65.— F. equisetifolia K.-Pol, in Byull. Obshch. estestvoisp. pri
Voronezhsk. univ. (1925) 92.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXII,
Figure I.
Perennial; root thick, fusiform, its neck densely covered with fibers;
stem single, robust, ca. 1m high, branching into panicle above; branches
few, in whorls; leaves smooth, rather persistent, coriaceous, stiff when dry,
radical leaves with short sturdy petioles and triangular blade, spreading,
ternate, segments multi-(4—)pinnatisect, like petioles gradually passing into
filiform, semirounded, acute, erect, glaucescent, to 15cm long terminal
sections; cauline leaves smaller with herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate sheaths.
Umbels variable, terminal on short pedicel, of 8—15 rays, 12—20cm across,
lateral in groups of 2—5, on long pedicels; umbellets 10—15- flowered, with-
out involucre; flowers on long, unequal pedicels; calyx-teeth short; petals
yellow, oval-lanceolate, acuminate, curved inward; stylopodium thick, concave
with lobate margin; mericarps ellipsoid, glaucescent, inflated,with sharply
protruding filiform ribs, 15 mm long, 8mm wide; canals narrow, 3 per furrow,
10 toward commissure, apart from numerous superficial canals. Fl. June,
Fr. July—August.
Stony slopes, shrub belt, ca. 1,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from Gissar Range. Type in Leningrad.
39. F. koso-poljanskyi Korov., Monogr. (1947) 46.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXII, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem high, well- proportioned, glaucescent, spreading-branching
in upper part; lower branches alternate, upper in whorls of few branches;
leaves glabrous, not wilting early; radical leaves petioled, ternately dissected,
primary sections multipinnatisect into filiform, revolute, subcylindrical,
slightly curved, 6 cm long lobules furrowed below, cauline leaves not seen.
Umbels variable, terminal sessile, subspherical, of 17—27 rays, ca. 8 cm
across, lateral on long sturdy pedicels, in groups of 2—3, of which some with
fruit, others sterile; umbellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre; meri-
carps elliptic, as long as pedicels, plano-compressed, angular along dorsal
ribs, with broad margin, 15 mm long, 6—7 mm wide; canals 3 per furrow,
6—8 toward commissure. Fr. July.
Shrubby formations, 1,000m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. De-
scribed from the Pyandzh River valley. Type in Leningrad.
40. F. lipskyi Korov., Monogr. (1947) 46.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
XXIII, Figure 2.
Perennial; root thick, cylindrical, its neck covered with fibers; stem
single, robust, not higher than 0.5 m, cylindrical, deeply furrowed, branching
from middle or below to produce dense, broadly ovoid or spherical panicle,
lower branches alternate, upper whorled; leaves glaucous, glabrous, soon
wilting, with robust,thick, divaricate, whitish rhachises; radical leaves with
firm, reduced petioles, their blade triangular, many times (6—7) ternately
dissected into straight filiform, subrounded, divaricate, to 6cm long lobules;
72
102
cauline leaves smaller, with coriaceous, amplexicaul, nearly oval, declinate
sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal on short pedicel, of 8—14 rays, to 15cm
across, spherical, fertile, lateral on long pedicels, single or approximate in
pairs; umbellets 10-flowered without involucre; pedicels of unequal length;
calyx-teeth short; petals yellow, broadly lanceolate, twisted, acuminate, with
3 prominent nerves, 1.5mm long; stylopodium widening, nearly flat with lobed
margin; mericarps plano-compressed, elliptic, with broad pale margin,
glaucous, 12—15 mm long, 6—7 mm wide, twice or half as long as fruit stalks;
ribs filiform, sharply protruding; canals very narrow, 3—4 per furrow, 12
toward commissure, with some additional superficial canals. Fl. May,
Jae. dibbarss,
Dry, clayey slopes.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from
Margelan and Dzhalal-Abad. Type in Leningrad.
41. F, fedtschenkoana K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, Il
(1921) 66.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXIV, Figure l.
Perennial; root fusiform, thickened neck covered with fibers of dead
radical leaves; stems single or few, thin, often violet, corymbiformly branch-
ing at apex with alternate branches, upper branches opposite; leaves glauces-
cent, glabrous, soft, radical with long thin petioles, their triangular-oval
blade multi-(5-)pinnatisect into numerous 10—12 mm long, divaricate lobules;
cauline leaves reduced to small, narrowly lanceolate sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal of 4—8 rays, 4—10 cm across, lateral in pairs at base of
central umbel or lacking; umbellets 10-flowered, without involucre or with
involucre of few squamiform, deciduous leaflets; flowers yellow, on long
thin pedicels; calyx short-toothed; petals oval, with shortly acuminate curved
tin, 1.4mm long; mericarps (in ovary) oblong-oval; canals 2—3 per furrow,
10 toward commissure. Fl. June. (Plate XHI, Figure 2h)
In juniper belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from
Zeravshan Range. Type in Leningrad.
Subgenus 5. Peucedanoides (Boiss.) Korov., Monogr. (1947) 9. —
Section Peucedanoides Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 983. — Flowers and fruit
as in preceding section, but canals in furrows solitary, rarely 3. Polycarpic,
often multicapitate herbs; leaves of a compact consistency, xeromorphic,
persistent, stiff when dry, often scabrous, covered with short papillae. Sixty-
four markedly variable species widespread throughout entire distribution
area, particularly in mountains. |
Section 1. XERONARTHEX Korov. l.c.— Leaves thickish, stiff when dry,
not wilting early, usually parted into small lobules; stems usually few,
forming loose, cespitose shrubs; fruit inflated, with abundant resins.
Group 1. Ceratophyllae Korov. l.c.— Plant entirely glabrous, rarely
slightly scabrous, glaucous; umbels vary in position; canals solitary in
valleculae (with exception of F. prangifoliaand F. gr igorjevii).
73
ee
42. F. grigorjevii B. Fedtsch. in Tr. Bot. muz. Akad. Nauk, 1 (1902)
137.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXV, Figure 1.
Perennial; root cylindrical, thick, its neck covered with fibers of last
year's leaves; stem thick, more than 1 m high, branching at apex to produce
broadly spreading panicle; leaves glaucous, coriaceous, rather persistent;
radical leaves with long firm petioles bearing broad, loose, ternately
dissected blade, its primary segments multipinnatisect into small, opposite
y
103sections clustered to produce bundles of small linear lobules; cauline
104
leaves smaller, their sheaths oval, slightly swollen, faintly violet outside,
white inside. Umbels variable, terminal on reduced pedicels, of 20—25 rays,
6—10cm across, lateral 3—6, on long pedicels; umbellets 15(18-)-flowered,
with involucre of few filiform, deciduous leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular-
lanceolate; petals yellow, oval, with short, acute, inward curved tip 1.3mm
long; stylopodium ampullaceous; styles elongate, deflexed, stigmas slightly
thickened; mericarps oblong-elliptic, plano-compressed, with narrow margin,
10-15 mm long, 5—8 mm wide; ribs filiform, slightly protruding; canals
narrow, 3 per furrow, 6 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July—August.
Subalpine belt on stony slopes, to 3,350m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from the Toguz-Bulak and Gunt rivers. Type in
Leningrad,
43. F. prangifolia Korov. in Ind. sem. Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med. (1927)
No. 253, nom. nud.; Korov., Monogr. (1947) 53.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXVI, Figure 1.
Perennial; dark green, glabrous, rarely slightly scabrous plant; stem ca.
1m high, 2 cm thick, paniculately branching,with few whorled branches above,
lower branches alternate; leaves shiny, often turning black; radical
leaves petioled, their blade triangular-oval, rather massive owing to numerous
small multipinnatisect, 2mm long, filiform, erect, divaricate, acute, revolute
lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade on oval-lanceolate, coriaceous,
not amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal sessile, of 3—10(15) rays,
12cm across, lateral in whorls of 3, on long pedicels; partly fertile calyx-
teeth small; petals yellow, oval, depressed along midrib, acuminate, curved
inward, 1.5mm long; stylopodium ampullaceous; styles elongate; mericarps
elliptic, plano-compressed, broad-margined, 14mm long, 7-9 mm wide; ribs
protruding at angles; canals of various sizes, 3 per furrow, 6—8 toward
commissure, 4 along margins of mericarp. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Stony slopes in forest belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic.
Described from the Chirchik River valley. Type in Tashkent.
44, F, minkwitzae Korov., Monogr. (1947) 53.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXVII, Figure 2.
Perennial; glaucescent, glabrous plant; stem thin, ca. 0.5m high, weakly
branching at apex; leaves persistent, with scattered stiff hairs; radical
leaves with short petioles dilated at base, their blade sparse, ternate, seg-
ments tripinnatisect into small, fleshy, truncate, 5mm long lobules acutely
incised at apex; cauline leaves with oval-lanceolate, swollen, coriaceous
sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 7-14 rays, ca. 5cm
across, lateral 1—2, on long pedicels; umbellets 10-flowered; calyx-teeth
small, chartaceous; petals yellow, oval, with attenuate, obtuse, inward curved
tip, 1mm long; stylopodium flattened-conical with lobed margin; mericarps
74
PLATE XII. 1—Ferula nuda Spreng.; 2— F. potaninii Korov.
OW,
ovoid, dorsally inflated, ribbed, with narrow margin; canals solitary in
furrows, 2 toward commissure. May—June.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Ichkele-
Tau Mountains. Type in Leningrad.
45. F. pachyphylla Korov., Monogr. (1947) 54.—Ice.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXVIII, Figure 2.
Perennial; glaucous, glabrous plant,(root)neck branching, covered with
fibrous remnants of leaves; stems few, thin, sturdy, ca. 1 m high, branching
from middle to produce oblong-ovoid panicle, lower branches alternate,
upper whorled; leaves persistent, thickish; radical leaves with long petioles,
their oval-triangular blade ternately dissected, with 4 additional segments
where branching; sections of first order multipinnatisect into numerous,
small, linear, 2mm long, obtuse lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade
and oval-lanceolate, coriaceous sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal sub-
sessile, of 6—12 rays, ca. 4—7 cm across, lateral 2—3, on long pedicels;
umbellets 6—12-flowered, without involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals
yellow, oval, broadening at apex, curved inward, 1.5mm long; stylopodium
ampullaceous; mericarps (when young) oblong, glaucous; canals broad,
solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
_ Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Kara-
Tau Range. Type in Tashkent.
46. I. tschimganica Lipsky in sched. ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Sc. URSS;
Korov., Monogr. (1947) 54.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table XXIX, Figure 1.
Perennial; glaucous, glabrous plant; (root) neck branching, covered with
numerous fibers; stems many, thin, ca. 0.5m high, paniculately branching
above, producing loose tufts together with sterile rosettes; leaves coriaceous,
persistent, ternate, their triangular blade 3-pinnatisect into linear, apically
broadening, cleft and acutely toothed, 10—15 mm long lobules; cauline leaves
smaller, upper reduced to oval coriaceous sheath. Umbels variable, terminal
sessile or subsessile, of 4—10(18) rays, ca. 09cm across, lateral 1—2, on long
pedicels; umbellets 1—15-flowered, with involucre of squamiform leaflets;
calyx-teeth small; petals yellow, oval, obtuse, inward curved, 1.5mm long;
stylopodium flattened-conical, with thickened margin; styles slightly thickened
above; mericarps oblong-ovoid, inflated, with narrow margin, 12 mm long,
5.0mm wide; ribs filiform, prominent; canals broad, swollen, solitary in
furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Stony localities in subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.), Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from Chimgan. Type in Leningrad.
47, F. ceratophylla Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 595. —
Ic. : Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXIX, Figure 2.
Perennial; glaucous, glabrous plant; (root) neck branching, densely covered
with fibers; stems thin, ca. 1m high, branching from middle to produce oblong-
ovoid panicle, upper branches in small groups; leaves coriaceous, persistent,
ternate, with triangular, tripinnatisect blade; lobules linear, canaliculate,
sessile, with incised, acutely toothed, broadened apex; cauline leaves with
reduced blade on inflated oval-lanceolate, coriaceous sheath. Umbels varia-
ble, terminal on short pedicels, of 5—10(15) rays, 1—3 cm across, lateral
76
108
single, on long pedicel; umbellets 7—1 0(15)-flowered; calyx edenticulate;
petals yellow, obovate, tapering at apex, obtuse, inward curved, 1.5mm long;
stylopodium calyciform; with elevated margin, styles elongate, slightly
thickened at apex; mericarps oblong-ovoid, inflated, twice as long as pedicels,
with narrow margin, 11mm long, 6mm wide; ribs filiform, slightly protruding;
canals medium-sized, solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. June,
Fr. July.
Stonyvuslopesmnl mountain steppe Delt) me enti. Si a. li Shin mace rane.
Described from Kara-Tau Mountains (Kul'chek and Kara-Chokla). Type
in Leningrad.
48. F. karategina Lipsky in Sched. ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. X (1926)
13. — Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXV, Figure 2.
Perennial; glaucous, completely glabrous plant; stem thin, robust,
barely 0.5m high, branching above to produce sparse corymbiform panicle,
lower branches alternate, upper whorled; leaves thickish; radical leaves
with long petioles, their triangular blade multipinnatisect into small, 5mm
long, linear-lanceolate, acute, dentate lobules; cauline leaves with reduced
blade on‘lanceolate, coriaceous sheath. Umbels variable, terminal sub-
sessile, of 5—10 rays, ca. 6 cm across, lateral opposite on long pedicels;
umbellets 10-flowered, with, involucre of squamiform leaflets; calyx-teeth
small; petals yellow, lanceolate, with thickened midrib, acute, inward
curved, 0.8mm long; mericarps 8mm long, 6 mm wide, ellipsoid or spherical-
ellipsoid, dorsally inflated, angled along ribs; canals broad, solitary in
furrows, 4 toward commissure. Fl. July, Fr. August.
Slopes in subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described
from Karategin. Type in Leningrad.
49; F. nuda Spreng. Umbell. sp. (UG1B)) Gils Iclloy IM ROSS, ML, SUS:
Shmal'g., Fl. I, 406.—? F. pumila Pall. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 598. —
cum Spicenoamlencsataber (of 5: IVoronssin Hi) Yugo. ViOStaNE EE aUIse oa0;
Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXX, Figure 1.
Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck densely enveloped by straight fibers;
stem thin, 15—30 cm high, glaucous, twisted, spreading, corymbiformly
branching; branches alternate; leaves smooth, sometimes with slightly
scabrous margin, persistent; radical leaves with short petioles passing
into sheath, their rhombic blade multi(4-)-pinnatisect into small, thickish,
entire or tripartite, narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm long, acute lobules; cauline
leaves with reduced blade on stiff, lanceolate sheath. Umbels axillary,
of 10—15 slightly curved rays, to 7cm across, umbellets 15-flowered; in-
volucre of 2—8 squamiform leaflets or absent; calyx-teeth obscure; petals
oblong-oval, obtuse, convolute; stylopodium flattened- conical, surrounded
by thickened disk; styles straight; mericarps glaucous, elliptic, plano-
compressed, with narrow margin, twice as long as pedicels, 6 mm long;
ribs filiform; canals narrow, solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure.
Fl. May, Fr. June. (Plate XII, Figure 1.)
Clayey, saline semideserts and deserts. — European part: L. V.; W.
Siberia: U. Tob. (Mugodzhary, Orsk, and others); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp.
Endemic. Described after specimens grown from seeds collected by
Pallas. Type in Berlin.
77
109
110
50. F. potaninii Korov. ex Pavlov, Fl. Tsentr. Kazakhst. II (1935) |
532; Korov., Monogr. (1947) 56.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table XXX, Figure |
2. |
Perennial; stem thin, twisted above, ca. 30—40 cm high, slightly thickened
at nodes, corymbiformly branching in upper part, lower branches alternate,
upper in groups of 3; leaves glaucescent, scabrous on both surfaces, per- |
sistent; radical leaves with rhombic blade on short petioles dilated to sheath;
primary segments subsessile, bipinnatisect into oval, 10 mm long sections,
these in turn pinnatipartite into small, oval, acute, entire or slightly dentate
overlapping lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade on stiff, lanceolate-
oval, divergent sheaths; umbels axillary, of 15 rays, to 8cm across; um-
bellets 5—9- flowered, without involucre or with few squamiform leaflets;
length of pedicels variable, becoming thickened; calyx-teeth obscure; petals
yellow, obovate, acuminate with depressed midrib and tip inward curved,
1.8 mm long; mericarps (unripe) with thick pericarp, oblong-ovoid, about as
long as pedicels; ribs inflated; canals solitary in furrows, 2 toward
commissure. Fl. June. (Plate XII, Figure 2.)
Mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. Endemic. Described from
Tarbagatai. Type in Tomsk.
ol. F.» rigidula DC. Prodr. IV (1830))172: Ldb:. Fle Regs: Il, 30s" Boiss.
VOR Le OO Grosso. .nM la Kavi) Mtsyl 7oia=3 me rigidula vary Caleta -
sica Fisch, et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. 11 (1842) 42,—= Bhdaeta
Woren., in) Tr. Bot. inst. ser. 1, +1 (1933) 219; —) Ic, Korov. Monogr.
(1947) Table XXXI, Figure 1.
Perennial; glaucescent, glabrous or sparsely scabrous-hairy plant: stem
thin, ca. 0.5 m high, paniculately branching above: branches alternate, upper
whorled; leaves persistent; radical leaves with long, slightly scabrous
petioles, their blade triangular, multipinnatisect into short, fleshy, narrowly
linear, to 5mm long, acute lobules sulcate above; cauline leaves with re-
duced blade, upper [reduced to] cylindrical, coriaceous, amplexicaul sheaths.
Umbels variable, terminal subsessile or short-pediceled, of 6—10(12-)
rays, 5—6 cm across, lateral 1—3, on long pedicels; umbellets 10—15-flowered,
with involucre of squamiform deciduous leaflets; petals yellow, oval-
lanceolate, with thickened midrib, and acuminate inward curved tip, 1 mm long;
mericarps ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, dorsally slightly inflated, angled
along ribs, with narrow margin, 10—12 mm long, 5.5—6 mm wide: canals
broad, solitary in furrows, 4—6 toward commissure. FI. May, Fr. June.
Dry slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran.
Described from Iran (Seidkhoi). Type in Geneva.
Group 2. Ovinae Korov., Monogr. (1947) 9.— Leaf lobules more or
less scabrous; position of umbels typical, canals solitary in valleculae
(except for F. dshizakensis).
52. F, ovina Boiss. Fl. or. I11(1872) 986.— F. stewartiana var.
affghanica O. E. Schulz in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, XI (1933) 877. —
Peucedanum ovinum Boiss. Diagn. pl. nov. ser. 1, 6 (1845) 61. —
Ic.: Koroyv., Monogr. (1947) Table XXXII, Figure 1.
60116 7 78
Perennial; 1—2-stemmed scabrous plant, covered with short stiff hairs;
stem robust, slightly thickened at nodes, ca. 0.5 m high, paniculately branching
above; branches alternate below, whorled above; leaves persistent, stiff
when dry; radical leaves with petioles, their blade triangular, ternate, its
sections on short rhachises, tripinnatisect into small, to 5mm long, fleshy,
oval, incised-dentate lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade, upper
leaves reduced to oval-lanceolate, swollen not amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal sessile or on reduced pedicels, of 3—10 rays, 4—6 cm
across, the lateral 1—2, on long pedicels; umbellets 7—10-flowered, without
involucre or involucre of few squamiform, deciduous leaflets; calyx-teeth
small; petals yellow, elliptic, slightly depressed along midrib, tapering to
inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical, with thickened margins;
mericarps ellipsoid, inflated, 7—10mm long; ribs filiform; canals broad,
swollen, solitary in furrows, 4—8 toward commissure. Fl. May—June,
Eieee hue —eulliys.
Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala- Tau),
T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran
(Persepolis). Type in Geneva.
53. F. microcarpa Korov., Monogr. (1947) 58.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXII, Figure 2.
Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck covered with fibers of dead sheaths;
stem thin, robust, less than 0.5m high, with alternate branches above;
leaves coriaceous, persistent, with stiff hairs on both surfaces; radical
leaves with short petioles dilated at base, their blade broadly rhombic,
ternate, segments tripinnatisect into ca. 13mm long, spatulate-oval, palma-
tifid lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade, upper represented by oval,
111 coriaceous, amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels small, variable, terminal on
short pedicels, of 5—10 rays, ca. 3cm across, lateral solitary, on long
pedicels; umbellets 5—10-flowered, without involucre;flowers not seen;
mericarps ellipsoid, inflated, angled along ribs, with narrow margin, 5—6 mm
long; canals broad, solitary in furrows, 4 toward commissure. Fr. June—
July.
Desert slopes in mountains. — Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-
Tau), T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in
Leningrad.
54, F. dshizakensis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 58.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXIV, Figure 1.
Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of
- last year's sheaths; stem ca. 40cm high, thin, flexible, slightly swollen
at nodes, weakly branching above, upper branches clustered in small groups;
leaves persistent, canescent, densely covered with stiff hairs; radical
leaves with short, firm and thick pedicels expanded to sheaths, their blade
rhombic, ternate, its segments tripinnatisect into oval, fleshy, pinnatifid,
3mm long lobules with curled margins; cauline leaves with obsolete blade,
upper reduced to oval, inflated, amplexicaul, coriaceous sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal subsessile, of 5-10 rays, 4cm across, lateral 1—3, on
long pedicels; umbellets 10-flowered, with involucre of squamiform leaf-
lets; calyx-teeth triangular; petals yellow, oval, attenuate, obtuse, with
79
112
thickened midrib; mericarps obovoid, angled along ribs, with broad margin,
6mm long, 5mm wide, shorter than pedicels; canals narrow, 2—3 per
furrow, 8 toward commissure. Fl. April, Fr. May.
Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Turkestan Range, Mogol-Tau,
Nura-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan Range). Endemic. Described from
Zeravshan Range. Type in Tashkent.
55. F. stylosa Korov., Monogr. (1947) 58.— F. pachycarpa Korov.
in Tr. Sredneaz. univ. VIII ser. 24 (1935) 11, nom. nud.; Pavl., FI.
Tsentr. Kazakhst. II (1935) 532.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. Table XXXIV,
Figure 2.
Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck covered with fibers and dead
petioles; stem robust, thin, ca. 0.5m high, branching above to produce
oblong-ovoid panicle; leaves pale green, scabrous, covered with short hairs,
persistent radical leaves with short petioles, their blade rhombic, ternate
where petioles branch, with 2 accessory sessile segments; segments of
blade multi-(4-)pinnatisect into small, oval, 5mm long, palmatifid or -partite
lobules, their sections linear or oblong, dentate above; cauline leaves with
obsolete blade on oval coriaceous sheath. Umbels variable, terminal
sessile or on very short pedicels, of 7-15 rays, 4—8 cm across, lateral
1—2, on long pedicels; umbellets 10—15-flowered, with involucre of squami-
form leaflets; calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, elliptic, acuminate, with
thick midrib, curved inward; stylopodium flattened-conical, with thickened
undulant margin; styles elongate; mericarps oblong-ovoid, inflated, with
very narrow margin, 9mm long, 4—5 mm wide; ribs filiform, protruding;
canals broad, inflated, solitary in furrows, 4—6 toward commissure. FI.
May—June, Fr. June—July.
Stony slopes of desert highlands. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Bet-Pak-Dala),
T. Sh. (Chu-Iii Mountains, Bukan-Tau, Syr Darya, Kara-Tau). Endemic.
Described from Chu-Ili Mountains, near Aiderka. Type in Tashkent.
56. F. lapidosa Korov., Monogr. (1947) 59.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXV, Figure 1.
Perennial; pale green, multicaulescent, scabrous plant, covered with stiff
hairs; stem ca. 60cm, robust, branching in upper part to produce oblong-
oval panicle; branches of panicle alternate, upper whorled; leaves stiff,
more or less scabrous on both surfaces; radical leaves with short petioles,
their blade rhombic, with 2 lateral accessory segments, tripinnatisect into
oval, broadly sessile, 2—3 cm long lobules repeatedly divided into broadly
linear, divaricate, mucronate lobes, cauline leaves with reduced blade on
inflated, coriaceous, oval-lanceolate, amplexicaul or not amplexicaul sheaths.
Umbels variable, terminal subsessile or on short stalks, of 6—12 rays,
3—6 cm across, lateral solitary or in whorls of 2—3; umbellets 10-, rarely
15-flowered, with thickened node, involucre of Squamiform, deciduous leaf-
lets; mericarps often 8—9mm long, ellipsoid, inflated, with prominent keel-
shaped ribs and rather broad margin; canals broad, solitary in furrows,
2 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Stony slopes. Centr.Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Briam
Gorge. Type in Tashkent.
80
57. F. rubroarenosa Korov., Monogr. (1947) 59.— Ic.; Korov., ibid.,
labile DOCG igure) 1:
Perennial; canescent plant covered with short stiff branching hairs;
stem ca. 1m, robust, paniculately branching above, its neck covered with
fibers; upper branches whorled, lower alternate, approximate; leaves hairy
on both surfaces, persistent; radical leaves with short sturdy petioles,
their blade triangular, tripinnatisect, its terminal sections oval, with ex-
panded base, in turn pinnatifid into oval, acute, dentate, 10-15 mm long
lobules; cauline leaves with coriaceous, oval-lanceolate sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal of 8—13 rays, subsessile, 8—10cm across, lateral 3—4,
on long stalks; umbellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre; flowers not
seen; mericarps (unripe) with protruding ribs, turning black when dried,
canals broad, solitary in furrows, 4 toward commissure. Fr. June.
Red sandstone outcrops. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described
from the Kugart River. Type in Tashkent.
06. F. ferganensis Lipsky in Sched. ad Herb. Inst. bot. Ac. Se. URSS;
iKorovervlonosrs (1947) 59. — Tes: Koroyv., ibid, Mable Soy,
Figure 2.
Perennial; plant scabrous, covered with short hairs, its neck covered
with abundant fibers of deadleaves; stemca. 1 mhigh, robust, branching from
middle, all branches in whorls; leaves coriaceous, persistent; radical
leaves with long petioles, their blade with 4 accessory segments; segments
of first order bipinnatisect into rounded-oval, 3—4 cm long and as wide
sections contracted at base, these tripartite into linear, acuminate over-
lapping lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade, with longer and sparser
lobules, their sheaths inflated, ovate, acute, amplexicaul. Umbels variable,
terminal sessile, of 10 rays, ca. 8cm across, lateral 1—3, on long stalks;
umbellets 5—8-flowered, without involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals
yellow, ovate, with short, tapering, inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-
conical, with broadened plicate margin; mericarps ellipsoid, dorsally in-
flated, auriculate, to 15mm long; canals broad, solitary in furrows, 6 toward
commissure. “Hin June; Pr July.
Stony slopes in subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Fergana Range),
Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Endemic. Described from Fergana Range. Type
in Leningrad.
Ie Hacdissectamudh, Ml. iRosee yi (1644) 301 Keyl Yuri Zaps | Siloesevsllile
1991.—F. rigidula f8.songarica Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov. II (1842)
43.— Péucedanum dissectum Ldb. Fl. alt. 1(1829) 306.— P. laci-
niatum Heynh. Nomencl. (1840) 504.— P. Ledebourii Steud. Nomencl.
ede lea) idle — les) Wdby ics plenils Ross) tab. 18lyiKkorove, Monogr:
(1947) Table XXXVI, Figure 2.
114 Perennial; root cylindrical, its neck covered with abundant fibers of dead
leaves; stemca. 40 cm high, thin, robust, branching from middle to produce ob-
long-ovoid panicle, branches in whorls of few; leaves canescent, rather soft,
covered with stiff hairs; radical leaves petioled, their blade broadly rhombic,
multipinnatisect into small, linear, 1—2 mm long lobules; cauline leaves with
reduced blade, their sheaths oblong, amplexicaul, hardening at maturity.
Umbels variable, terminal on short stalk, of 4—10 rays, ca. 3 cm across,
81
lateral in groups of 2—3; umbellets 8—10-flowered, with involucre of several
lanceolate scales; calyx short-toothed; petals yellow, oval, with inward
curved tip; mericarps flattened, with narrow margin, 7mm long; ribs fili-
form; canals solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr.
June.
Herbaceous slopes and sands. — W. Siberia: Alt. (SW); Centr. Asia:
Balkh., Dzu-Tarb. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang (Kuldja district). Described from
the Talovka River near Bukhtarminsk. Type in Leningrad.
60. F. pallida Korov., Monogr. (1947) 60.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
DOOOVLEh Hicure’ ty:
Perennial; pale, canescent plant, densely covered with stiff hairs; stem
ca. 1 mhigh, rather thick, robust, branching nearly from middle to produce broad
ovoid panicle, branches in whorls, except for lower ones; leaves persistent,
multi-(6-) pinnatisect into numerous, linear, entire or 2—3-partite, acuminate,
10mm long lobules diverging at an acute angle; cauline leaves with reduced
blade on oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, amplexicaul sheath. Umbels variable,
terminal of 15 rays,6—8 cm across, 4 lateral, crowded, on long stalks; um-
bellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre, fertile with thickened node; flow-
ers not seen; mericarps obovate, rather flat, with broad margin, 14mm long,
8mm wide, about as long as pedicels; ribs filiform, slightly protruding;
canals 1—2 in furrows, 2 toward commissure, 3—4 along margin. Fl. May—
mes) GEus. july:
Stony mountain slopes in shrub belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kirghiz
Range, Talass Ala-Tau, Kara-Tau and others). Endemic. Described from
Manzur-Ata. Type in Tashkent.
61. F. tenuisecta Korov. in Ind. sem. Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med. (1936)
No, 421, nom. nud.; Korov., Monogr. (1947) 60.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXVII, Figure 2.
ILS Perennial; root thickened, fusiform, its neck densely covered with fibers
from dead leaves; stem 80—90 cm high, robust, paniculately branching in
upper part to produce oblong-ovoid panicle, with alternate branches below,
whorled branches in upper part, leaves oval-rhombic, scabrous, covered
with short stiff hairs; radical leaves with long petioles, their blade ternate,
with 2 accessory segments, many (5) times dissected into numerous, 2—5 mm
long, linear or oblong-linear, obtuse lobules canaliculate above; cauline
leaves with reduced blade, on inflated amplexicaul, coriaceous, oval-lanceo-
late sheath; upper leaves represented by sheaths. Umbels variable, termi-
nal of 8—15 rays, sessile or on short stalks, 6—8 cm across, lateral 2—5, on
long stalks,overtopping terminal umbel; umbellets 10-flowered, with in-
volucre of squamiform deciduous leaflets; calyx edenticulate; petals
yellow, oval, tapering at apex and curved inward, 1.2mm long; fruit oblong-
ovoid, inflated, with pale thickened margin, 9mm long,5mm wide, their
ribs inflated; canals broad, solitary in furrows, 2—6 toward commissure.
Hie May-June. ens, June—Jmuly:
Herbaceous mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Talass Ala-Tau,
Kara- Tau, Chatkal Range). Endemic. Described from Kel'temashat.
Type in Tashkent.
82
62. F. angreni Korov. inInd. sem. Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med. (1932)
No. 583, nom. nud.; Korov., Monogr. (1947) 61.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXVI, Figure 2.
Perennial, branching at neck; stem ca. 1m high, thin, flexible, branching
above middle to produce oblong panicle; lower branches alternate, upper in
whorls of few; leaves canescent, radical short-petioled, oblong-triangular,
multipinnatisect into soft, narrow, linear lobules 12 mm long, 2mm wide,
cauline leaves with coriaceous, lanceolate, recurved sheaths. Umbels
variable, terminal on short stalks, of 8-12 rays, 40mm across, lateral single
or in groups of 2—3; umbellets 10-flowered, without involucre; flowers not
seen; mericarps oblong- oval, inflated, with flat margin, 10-11 mm long, 5.9
mm wide; ribs filiform; canals rather broad, solitary in furrows, 2 toward
commissure. Fl. May.
Herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described
from the Angren River valley. Type in Tashkent.
63. F. kopetdagensis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 61.— Ic,: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXVIII.
16 Perennial; ciliate-hairy plant, its neck densely enveloped with fibers;
stem thin, robust, ca. 1m high, with whorled branches above; leaves soft,
withering before ripening; radical leaves with rhombic, ternate blade, its
sections multipinnatisect into narrow linear, flat, short lobules; cauline
leaves with reduced blade, upper reduced to oval or oblong- oval, often
withering sheath. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 10 rays, ca.
4cm across, lateral 1—2, on long stalks; umbellets 10—1 5-flowered, with-
out involucre; calyx short-toothed; petals yellow, oval, nearly flat, with
tapering inward curved apex; stylopodium with thickened, lobate, elevated
margin; styles elongate; stigmas not thickened; mericarps ellipsoid, with
narrow margin, 8—9 mm long, longer than pedicels; ribs filiform, slightly
protruding; canals rather broad, solitary in furrows, 4 toward commissure.
Pi, May; “kr. June.
Stony mountain slopes in juniper belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Abieiralcian..
Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran (Afghanistan). Described from W. Kopet
Dagh. Type in Tashkent.
64, F. orientalis L. Sp. pl. (1753) 247; Ldb. Fl. Ross. IL 300; Boiss.
Fl. or. Il, 986; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 406; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Hl, 178.—
Penicedeanum orientale Boiss! in) Ann. Se)\Nat. ser: Iv, W(l's44)30e5
P. rupestre Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Diagn. pl. nov. ser. 2, V1(1859)
85.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XXXVIII, Figure 2.
Perennial; root thickened, fusiform, its neck covered with many fibers;
stem thin, robust, twisted, slightly thickened at nodes, ca. 0.5 m thick, more
or less corymbiformly branching; leaves soon wilting, scabrous beneath,
covered with short stiff hairs; radical leaves with reduced petioles, their
blade triangular, ternate; segments of first order multipinnatisect into
short, hardly 5mm long, narrow linear lobules; cauline leaves smaller,
upper represented by oblong-lanceolate, slightly inflated coriaceous
amplexicaul sheath. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile or on short
stalk, of 10 rays,6—8 cm across, lateral single or in groups of B39 laa
bellets 10—15-flowered, without involucre; calyx short-toothed; petals
83
(sty) “ \ 4) WD,
Wr \@.
Naas AMID Wy
i \V/ Nts ya ail :
SY
PLATE XII. 1 —Ferula aitchisonii K.-Pol.; 2—F. fedtschenkoana K.-Pol.
84
yellow, oval, with depressed midrib and short, obtuse inward curved tip;
stylopodium conical, with thickened undulate-lobate margin; styles elongate,
not thickened; mericarps brown, elliptic, plano-compressed, with rather
broad margin, 10mm long; ribs filiform, protruding; canals narrow, solitary
in furrows, 2 approximate canals toward commissure. Fl. June—August,
Fr. August.
Steppes, stony slopes, cliffs.— European part: Bl., Crim.; Caucasus:
E. Transc. (Beshbarmak Mountain). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described
from the East. Type in London.
65. EF. xeromorpha Korov., Monogr. (1947) 62.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXXIII, Figure 1.
Perennial; scabrous plant covered with stiff hairs, its neck covered with
fibers and other remnants of the previous year's leaves; stem ca. 0.5m
high, branching from middle to produce oval panicle; branches in few whorls
above; leaves coriaceous, persistent; radical leaves with short petioles
dilated to sheath, their blade broadly rhombic, ternately dissected, with
primary segments pinnatisect into oval, to 5cm long decurrent sections
pinnatifid or -partite into unequal, overlapping, irregularly toothed lobules
with undulant margin; cauline leaves with reduced blade on swollen, oval,
coriaceous, amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal short-stalked,
of 11 rays, ca. 8cm across, lateral 1—3, on long stalks; umbellets 10-flow-
ered, without involucre; calyx short-toothed; petals yellow, oval, depressed
along midrib, with obtuse inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened- conical
with undulant margin; mericarps oblong-ellipsoid, inflated, with thickened
plicate pericarp, 10mm long, 5mm wide; ribs carinate; canals medium-
sized, solitary in furrows, 8 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Stony slopes in mountain semidesert belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.).
Endemic. Described from the top of Alym-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Sore Leiculatarkonroy.. Monogis (194 7)\i63e— Wey Wonova milo. alloc
XXXVI.
Perennial; stem robust, slightly thickened at node, ca. 1m high, branching
from middle to produce broad panicle; leaves coriaceous, scabrous on both
surfaces, covered with short stiff hairs, persistent; radical leaves short-
petioled, triangular, ternately dissected; segments bipinnatisect into ca.
3 em long, oval, decurrent, acutely incised-dentate lobules; cauline leaves
with nearly ovate, inflated, amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal
short- stalked, of 10 rays, ca. 10cm across, lateral 3—4, on long stalks;
umbellets 8—12-flowered, without involucre; flowers not seen; mericarps
(unripe) oblong-ovoid, inflated, 10 mm long; ribs filiform, protruding;
canals 1—2 per furrow, 10 toward commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June.
Slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from speci-
mens grown in Tashkent from seeds collected on the top of Alym- Tau.
Type in Leningrad.
67. F. mollis Korov., Monogr. (1947) 63.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Table
DOS WAIL, leilteeiseres aU
Perennial; pale green, soft-haired plant; stem thin, robust, ca. 0.5m
high, paniculately branching above; branches in whorls; leaves soft,
85
LAE
persistent, both surfaces covered with short soft hairs; petioles of radical
leaves dilated into sheaths, their blade triangular-oval, multi-(3—4)-pinnati- —
sect into slightly decurrent, oval, large-toothed, to 2 cm long lobules; cauline
leaves with reduced blade, on oval-lanceolate, inflated, amplexicaul sheath;
umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 10 rays, 4—5 cm across, lateral
1—2, on long stalks; umbellets 10-flowered, without involucre; calyx-teeth
triangular; petals reflexed, pale yellow, oval, nearly flat, with inward curved
tip, 2mm long; stylopodium flattened-conical; mericarps ovoid, of same
color, 10mm long, 6 mm wide; ribs filiform; canals rather broad, solitary
in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. May—June, Fr. June.
Stony slopes in lower mountain belt. — Centr. Asia: Syr D., T. Sh.(W.),
Pam.- Al. (Kugitang). Described from Fergana valley. Type in Leningrad.
68. F. latiloba Korov., Monogr. (1947) 63.— Ic. Korov., ibid., Table
DOCU Hime: Ae
Perennial plant with short soft hairs, its base covered with fibers and
remnants of dead leaves; stem single, ca. 0.5m high, with whorled branches
from middle or above; leaves persistent, sparse-haired on both surfaces,
lower with long petioles and triangular, ternate blade, its segments bipinna-
tisect into nearly oval decurrent, 2 cm long sections pinnatifid into oval,
palmatifid-dentate lobules tapering at base; cauline leaves with small blade
with narrower lobules on inflated, oval, acuminate, coriaceous, amplexicaul
sheath. Umbels variable, terminal subsessile, of 15 rays, ca. 5cm across,
lateral single or in pairs on long stalks; umbellets 10-flowered, without
involucre; flowers not seen; mericarps (unripe) 9 mm long, obovoid, inflated,
with narrow margin, as long as pedicels; ribs filiform, protruding; canals
broad, solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fr. July.
Limestones. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from
Mogol-Tau Mountain. Type in Tashkent.
Section 2. MACRORRHIZA Korov., Monogr. (1947) 10.— Leaf lobules
of various shapes, thin, glabrous, rarely slightly pubescent, soon wilting.
Group 1. Sumbulus (Reinsch) Korov. l.c. — Genus Sumbulus Reinsch
in Jahrb. Pract. Pharm. XIII (1846) 69.— Stems few, leaf lobules broad,
tapering at base, sparingly pubescent beneath.
69. F. moschata (Reinsch) K.-Pol. in Izv. Voron. obshch. estestvoisp.
1 (1925) 94.— F. Sumbul Hook. in Bot. Mag. Cl (1875) tab. 6196. —
Sumbulus moschatus Reinsch in Jahrb. Pract. Pharm. XIII (1846)
69.— Euryangium Sumbul Kauffm. in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XIII (1876) 258.— Peucedanum Sumbul Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880)
186.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XL, Figure 1.
Perennial; root thick, multicipital, its neck covered with fibers and
remnants of petioles; stems few, medium-sized, slightly hairy at first,
becoming subglabrous, thin, ca. 50cm high, corymbiformly branching in
upper part; branches alternate below, whorled above; leaves stiff, persistent,
slightly hairy beneath; radical leaves oval-triangular, with long petioles
86
J
2
joined to blade, blade tripinnatisect, sparse, its sections generally lanceolate
or oblong, 20—30 mm long, 10—15 mm wide, entire or deeply dissected into
more or less oval, acuminate lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade,
upper leaves reduced to narrow lanceolate sheaths. Umbels variable,
terminal of 6—10 rays, 4—6 cm across, lateral single or in 2's, much below
level of terminal umbel; umbellets 10—15-flowered, with involucre of
lanceolate leaflets; calyx toothed; petals yellow, 0.7mm long, oblong-oval,
with acuminate inward curved tip; mericarps 7mm long, twice as long as
stalks, plano-compressed; ribs filiform; canals narrow, solitary in furrows,
2 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Stony slopes in shrub belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Turkestan Range),
Pam.-Al. (Zeravshan and Gissar ranges). Endemic.
70. F. pseudooreoselinum (Rgl. et Schmalh.) K.-Pol. in Izv. Voron.
obshch. estestvoisp. 1(1925) 94.— F. mesophytica Koroy. in Ind. sem.
Hort. Bot. Univ. As. Med. (1926) No. 192 (nom. nud.).— Peucedanum
pseudooreselinum Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv.
antrop. i etnogr. XXXIV, 2 (1882) 36.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947;
Table XV, Figure 2.
Perennial; root thick, its neck branching, densely covered with numerous
brown fibers; stems often single, 2—3m high, cylindrical, nearly leafless,
hairy at first, becoming glabrous, violet-brown, branching at apex to pro-
duce sparse corymbiform panicle; branches, apart from upper, alternate,
with short lateral branchlets; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous, green
above, pale, slightly hairy beneath; radical leaves on long thick petioles,
their blade broad, triangular, triternately dissected, third order sections
bipinnatisect into oval or oblong-oval, pinnatifid-dentate, 30—50 mm long,
10—40 mm wide lobules; cauline leaves nearly bladeless, reduced to wilting
lanceolate sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal fertile, of 8—20 rays, ca.
6 cm across, lateral usually 2, opposite, with male flowers; umbellets
15-flowered, with involucre of 1—3 linear-subulate, membranous, downy
leaflets; calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, oblong-elliptic, with inward curved
tip; mericarps plano-compressed, 7mm long, twice as long as pedicels;
ribs filiform; canals narrow, solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure.
Hone.) Fac. \Jiully.
Shrubby thickets and forests. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., T. Sh. (W.).
Endemic. Described from Iskander Lake and Pasrut Gorge. Type in
Leningrad.
Economic importance. The fresh root weighs to 35 kilograms; when
cut it yields a milky juice smelling like turpentine, containing 2—5% essential
oil (3—5% of the air-dried roots). This oil consists of d*-pinene (90%),
d-phellandrene (5%) and an insignificant quantity of cumic aldehyde and
sesquiterpenes. The resin is a brownish, medium hard, sticky mass with
a faint odor (see: I. P. Tsukervanik, V.V. Bersutskii, S. V. Burtseva and
B. K. Arzikovich. Kompleksnoe khimicheskoe issledovanie kornei Fe -
rula pseudooreoselinum (Complex Chemical Study of the Roots of
Ferula pseudooreoselinum)).
Group 2. Schair Korov., Monogr. (1947) 10.— Leaf lobules narrow,
linear or linear-lanceolate, sheaths inflated.
87
123
124
71. F. leucographa Korov., Monogr. (1947) 64.— Ic. : Korov., ibid.,
Table XLI, Figure 1.
Perennial; stem 40—60cm high, thin with spreading branches from middle
or below; lower branches alternate, upper in umbel, typically white- striped;
leaves persistent, glaucescent, glabrous; radical leaves broadly rhombic,
on short petioles dilated at base, their blade quadriternately dissected into
linear-lanceolate flat, straight, acuminate, 60 mm long, 3mm wide lobules
with 3—5 parallel white nerves; cauline leaves with oval-lanceolate, am-
plexicaul, stiff sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal of 4—8 rays, ca. 6 cm
across, lateral paired, on long stalks; umbellets 10-flowered; involucre
absent or of 1—3 small deciduous leaflets; calyx short-toothed; petals
yellow, oval, tapering with curved apex; stylopodium flat, with undulant
margin; mericarps (unripe) 6 mm long, as long as pedicel, inflated, with
narrow margin; ribs protruding at angles; canals broad, solitary in fur-
rows, 8—10 toward commissure. Fr. June.
Desert slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Syr Darya Kara-Tau). Endemic.
Described from Kel'te-Mashat. Type in Tashkent.
72. F. involucrata Korov., Monogr. (1947) 65.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XLI, Figure 2.
Perennial; root fusiform, its neck densely covered with fibers; stem thin,
robust, ca. 0.5m high, branching above to produce corymbiform panicle;
lower branches alternate, upper opposite; leaves thickish, pale green, gla-
brous, persistent; radical leaves not seen; cauline leaves sessile, on short,
hardly inflated coriaceous sheath, their blade triangular-oval, ternate,
sections of the first order, ternately dissected, on long petiolules; lobules
lanceolate, flat, with distinct protruding white parallel nerves, to 90mm long,
7mm wide. Umbels alike, only terminal of 10 rays, ca. 9cm across;
umbellets 10-flowered, with involucre of herbaceous, lanceolate-subulate,
persistent leaflets; calyx short-toothed; petals yellow, obovate, with short,
abruptly tapering, inward curved tip and distinctly protruding branching
nerves; stylopodium with slightly raised margin; styles elongate; ovary
angled along ribs; canals broad, 1 per furrow, 2 toward commissure. June.
Dry slopes. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Syr Darya Kara-Tau). Endemic:
Described from Aktau. Type in Tashkent.
73. F. aitchisonii K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, II (1921)
Glew) Kocovwe. Monoor. lable Sexy. Hasuime a:
Perennial; stem thin, flexible, ca. 0.5m high, spreading-paniculate above;
lower branches alternate, upper grouped inumbel: leaves pale green, glabrous
radical leaves broadly rhombic, multi-(4-)-pinnatisect into straight linear,
acute, thickish, 30 mm long, 1—2 mm wide lobules; cauline leaves almost
reduced to inflated, oblong-oval, amplexicaul sheath. Umbels only terminal,
of 3—6 rays, 40-60 mm across in fruit; umbellets 5—10-flowered, with
involucre of few unequal leaflets; flowers not seen; mericarps ovoid, pale
brown, inflated, angled along ribs, 13 mm long, 7mm wide, nearly as long as
pedicels; canals broad, solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure. (Plate
XIII, Figure 1.)
Mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from
Kulagan-Tau Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
88
A)
74, F. gypsacea Korov., Monogr. (1947) 65.— Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XXIII, Figure 1.
Perennial; root cylindrical, tuberiformly thickened; stem single, ca.
0.5 m high, robust, thin, slightly thickened at nodes, bifurcately branching
from middle, its neck covered with fibers and petioles of dead leaves;
leaves glabrous, soon wilting; radical leaves not seen; cauline leaves tri-
angular, many times ternately dissected into thickish, filiform, straight, to
4 cm long lobules, their sheaths coriaceous, narrowly lanceolate, amplexicaul,
appressed to stem, with acute teeth at apex. Umbels confined to tips of
branches, of 3—7 rays, 6—7 cm across, sometimes there is a lateral umbel
near base of terminal ones; umbellets of 10—13 rays, with involucre of
herbaceous, persistent,lanceolate leaflets; calyx of well developed triangular
teeth; petals pale yellow, elliptic, with short, tapering, inward curved tip,
2—3mm long, long persistent; stylopodium flattened-conical with broadened
thickened slightly undulant margin; styles not thickened at apex; mericarps
(unripe) oblong-ovoid; canals solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure, all
eanals broad. Fl. June.
Outcrops. of gypsum clays. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. De-
scribed from Arym-Tau and Kyzdynyk-Tau Mountains. Type in Tashkent.
75. F. ugamica Korov. in Ind. sem. Hort. bot. Univ. As. Med. (1924)
No. 87, nom. nud.; Korov., Monogr. (O47) 566a—) les Koroversdoad- meal
SSL Maeure 1.
Perennial; high, slender, smooth, glaucous plant; stems numerous, ca.
1.5m high, branching at apex to produce a nearly spherical panicle; branches
thin, often in whorls of few; leaves smooth, shiny; radical leaves on long
firm petioles, their blade rhombic, multi-(5-)-pinnatisect, lobules subfili-
form, straight, 5—9 cm long, revolute, diverging at an acute angle; cauline
leaves with reduced blade on inflated ovate,amplexicaul sheath. Umbels
semispherical, variable, terminal on short stalk, of 10—18 rays, JNA Cia
across, lateral single or in pairs, on long stalks; umbellets 15-flowered,
with deciduous involucre; flowers yellow; calyx-teeth triangular; petals
elliptic, broadening at apex, inward curved, 1.5mm long; stylopodium short-
conical, with thickened undulant margin; mericarps obovoid, markedly in-
flated, 6—7 mm long, 4.5mm wide; ribs protruding at rounded angles; ca-
nals solitary in furrows, 6 toward commissure. Fl. June—July, Fr. July—
August.
Rocks in shrub belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described
from Angren. Type in Tashkent.
(ope ee marca tayacem holh Sclamacilliaey in) ine BOL sw oacalaua\y (1878) 594, —
EF. Sassyr K.-Pol. in Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada, XVI (19116) 224. — “Nes
Korov., Monogr. Table XLII, Figure 2.
Perennial; root cylindrical, sometimes with few tuberiform swellings,
its neck covered with fibers; stems single, ca. 1m high, rarely stems 2—3,
robust, cylindrical, profusely branching from middle to produce broad,
spreading, ovoid panicle of thin, long branches arranged in whorls of few
branches; leaves scabridulous (especially rhachises),soon wilting; radical
leaves long-petioled, their blade rhombic, multi-(5-)-pinnatisect into numer-
ous, narrow linear or filiform, glabrous or scabrous-margined, to 30mm long
89
126
lobules diverging at an acute angle; cauline leaves with reduced blade of
broader, longer lobules on inflated coriaceous, oblong- oval, amplexicaul
sheath. Umbels variable, compact, stalked, terminal of 2—11 rays, to 15 cm
across, lateral in groups of 3; umbellets often 10-(17-) flowered, without |
involucre; flowers on long thin pedicels; calyx-teeth short-triangular; petals
pale yellow, recurved, broadly oval, flat, with short rounded inward curved
tip, 2mm long; stylopodium conical, with flat, lobate, broadened margin;
styles long; mericarps yellow, obovoid, with narrow ner sharply inflated |
dorsally along ribs, 10—11 mm long, 4.5—5.5mm wide, ie length of pedicels;
canals broad, solitary in furrows,6 toward commissure. Fl. May—June,
Fr. June—July.
Herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.- Al. (Alai Range).
Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau Range (Boroldai). Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The entire plant was found to be devoid of essen-
tial oil or alkaloids, but huge quantities of resins are present in the root and
fruits (V. P. Bersutskii. Khimicheskoe issledovanie rasteniya Fe rula
karatavica Rgl. et Schmalh. (Chemical Study of the Plant Ferula
karatavica Rgl. et Schmalh.)).
77. F. schair Borszez. in Mém. Ac. Se. Pétersb. sér. VIL, Tl, 8
(1861) 37.— Peucedanum Schair Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 186. —
tev ¢Bovsacz. lsc. tab. Vil, Korevee Monogr: (1947)) Taplexce ime
Bourne 1s q
Perennial; root thickened, ovoid, its neck covered with fibers; stems
single or few (4), robust, medium thick, ca. 1m high, branching above to
produce spherical panicle; branches alternate below, in whorls of few a-
bove; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous; radical leaves with long firm
cylindrical petioles, their blade spreading, triangular, segments with long
petioles, multipinnatisect into narrow linear-lanceolate, flat, slightly revo-
lute lobules, with prominent midrib, acuminate at both ends, 40 mm long,
2.5mm wide; cauline leaves with reduced blade, upper reduced to coria-
ceous, oval-lanceolate not amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal
sessile or subsessile, of 10—1 5(25) rays, 8—12 cm across, lateral 2—6, on
long stalks, and 1—3 small, undeveloped umbels at base of terminal umbel;
umbellets 13—18-flowered, without involucre or with involucre of few squa-
miform leaflets; calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, oblong-elliptic, narrow-
ly acuminate with inward curved tip, reflexed; stylopodium conical with
markedly thickened margin; styles thickened at apex; mericarps brown,
elliptic, plano-compressed, with broad margin, 8-10 mm long, 4.5—6 mm
wide; ribs hardly protruding; canals narrow, solitary in furrows, 2 toward
commissure. Fl. May, Fr. June—July.
Clayey-sandy deserts. — Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Kyz. K.
Endemic. Described from the desert between Kochkan-Su Lake and Arys'.
Type in Leningrad.
78. F. badhysi Korov., Monogr. (1947) 67.— F. oopoda Aitch. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, III (1888) 67, non Boiss.— Ic.: Aitch. l.c.
tab. slo uo) Korey. Ics Table XEME (Fisumel2:
Perennial; root thick, more or less cylindrical-ovoid,its neck densely
covered with fibers; stems few, robust, cylindrical, violet, branching above
to produce spherical panicle, branches in whorls of few; leaves soft,
90
127
:
ai
ER
|
l)
Ve
PLATE XIV. Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov.
91
129 soon wilting, glabrous, radical with long petioles, and broad, spreading,
rhombic, ternate blade, its segments multipinnatisect into linear, flat, 80mm
long, 2mm wide lobules acuminate at both ends; cauline leaves with reduced
blade, upper bladeless on inflated coriaceous, cup-shaped sheath to 15 cm [sic! ]
wide. Umbels variable, terminal sessile, of 15—27 rays, ca. 10cm across;
lateral umbels 1—3, on long stalks; umbellets 15—20-flowered, without in-
volucre; flowers on thin filiform pedicels; calyx-teeth triangular; petals
pale yellow, elliptic, with inward curved tip, 2mm long, reflexed; stylopo-
dium flattened- conical with lobed margin; styles not thickened; mericarps
brown, plano-compressed, elliptic, with broad margin, 13 mm long, 7mm
wide; ribs angular, protruding; canals narrow, solitary in furrows, 2 toward
commissure. Fl. April, Fr. May.
Sandy hills. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran (Afghanistan).
Described from Badkhyz. Type in Tashkent.
79. F. oopoda (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 984; Grossg.,
Fl. Kavk. Ill, 178.— Peucedanum oopodum Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv.
Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII (1860) 100.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. (1947)
Tabley Chive brsumel.
Perennial; root thickened, more or less ovoid, its neck densely covered
with fibers; stems ca. 1m high, single or few, robust, often violet, branching
in upper part to produce spherical panicle; branches in whorls of few;
leaves glabrous, pale green, radical with long petioles, their blade rhombic,
ternate with sections of first order on long petiolules, multi-(4-)-pinnatisect
into linear, thickish, 2mm wide, 40 mm long, flat lobules acuminate at both
ends, with thickened margins; cauline leaves with reduced blade, their sheaths
markedly inflated, coriaceous, oval, to 6 cm wide. Umbels variable, terminal
sessile or subsessile, with up to 26 rays, ca. 7cm across; lateralumbels 1—2,
on long stalks, passing into lanceolate sheaths; umbellets 10—15-flowered,
without involucre; calyx-teeth small, triangular; petals pale yellow, nearly
flat, elliptic, with short inward curved tip,2 mm long, reflexed; stylopodium
broadening, curved, with undulant margin; styles not thickened; mericarps
plano-compressed, with narrow margin; ribs filiform, slightly protruding;
canals narrow, solitary in furrows, inconspicuous at commissure. Fl.
May, Fr. June.
Dry, often gypsiferous slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc.; Centr. Asia:
Mtn. Turkm. (W. Kopet Dagh). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from near
Nakhichevan. Type in Geneva.
130 80. F, eremophila Korov. in Monogr. (1947) 68.
Perennial; stems robust, cylindrical, of medium height, brownish with
whorled branches above; leaves persistent, glabrous, radical with long
petioles, their blade oblong-oval, multi-(4-)-pinnatisect into thickish fili-
form, acute, 10 mm long, spreading lobules; cauline leaves not seen. Umbels
uniform, but terminal with 9-14 rays,6—7 cm across; umbellets 6—7-flow-
ered, without involucel, thickened at node; mericarps oblong-ovoid, inflated
with narrow margin, angled along ribs, 11—12 mm long, twice as long as pedi-
cels; canals broad, solitary in furrows, 2 toward commissure face. Fr.
August.
92
13 1
Dry, gypsiferous slopes of desert elevations. — Centr. Asia: Balkh.
(Moyun-Kumy). Endemic. Described from Biilyu-Kul' Lake. Type in
Alma Ata.
Note. This species, described after an incomplete specimen, distinctly
differs from the related F. karatavica Rgl. et Schmalh. and F. gyp-
sacea Korov., in the disposition of the umbels.
81. F. tatarica Fisch. in Spreng. Pugill. pl. 1 (1813) 27, syn. excl.;
ibaa ROSSenline Zoo. Shmallor tulsa iy 0Gr) (Grosseeeeeel ican Ile
178.— F. longifolia Spreng. Sp. Umbell. (1818) 86.— Ic.: Korov.,
Monogr. (1947) Table XLIV, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem single, thin, smooth, to 50 cm high, branching above to
produce loose corymbiform panicle; branches alternate; leaves persistent,
radical with long petioles, their blade sparse, triangular, bipinnatisect into
flat, scabrous-margined, lanceolate-linear, to 9cm long acuminate lobules;
cauline leaves with reduced blade, upper represented by lanceolate, acumi-
nate sheaths; umbels variable, terminal short-stalked, of 4—5 rays, 2—3 cm
across, lateral single; umbellets 10-flowered, without involucre, rarely
involucre reduced to small scales; petals broadly obovate, tapering to in-
ward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical, with narrow, undulant, thickened
margin; mericarps oblong-ellipsoid, inflated, with narrow margin, 8—9 mm
long; ribs filiform, faintly protruding; canals narrow, solitary in furrows,
4 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Steppes (often solonetzic), semideserts, semishrub thickets. — European
part) iransy., i V., Bl); W. Siberia: U. Wob.'(S.), Irt. (S.); Caucasus:
Cise., Dag.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Ulu-Tau Mountains). Endemic.
Described from the lower reaches of the Volga. Type was in Berlin.
Group 3. Clematideae Korov. — Monogr. (1947) 10.— Leaf lobules lance-
olate, entire, or divided nearly to base; sheaths flat or slightly inflated.
82. F. korshinskyi Korov., Monogr. (1947) 68.— Ic. Korov., ibid.,
hable V5. Eisume 1°
Perennial; root thickened, multicipital; stem to 2m high, glaucous, thin,
cylindrical, leafless, well-proportioned, twice or thrice branching above to
produce corymbiform panicle; branches thin, alternate, with leaf sheaths at
base; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous, radical with long petioles and
spreading, multi-(4-)-pinnatisect blade with lanceolate-oval or lanceolate-
oblong, acute, pinninervate, 20—50 mm long, 8—20 mm wide lobules; cauline
leaves reduced to narrow lanceolate herbaceous sheaths. Umbels terminal,
of 5-11 rays,6—8 cm across; umbellets 20-flowered, without involucre;
calyx-teeth short; petals yellow, small, oval, depressed along midrib, attenu-
ate with broadened, inward curved apex; stylopodium flattened-conical,
narrow elevated margin; styles truncate; mericarps glaucous, about as
long as pedicels, plano-compressed, with broad margin, 6—7 mm long, 4-5 mm
wide; ribs filiform, faintly protruding; canals narrow, solitary in furrows,
2 toward commissure. Fl. July, Fr. August.
Shrubby thickets in forest belt.— Centr. Asia: W. Sh. (W.), Pam.-Al.
(Alai Range). Endemic. Described from the Naryn River valley. Type
in Tashkent.
93
132
83. F. clematidifolia K.-Pol. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada. II
(1921) 64.— Ie.: Korov., Monogr. Table XLV, Figure 2.
Perennial; root thickened, fusiform, with few branches just below surface,
its neck densely covered with brown fibers; stem 60—80cm high, single,
robust, thin, with spreading branches from middle or higher producing
sparse oblong-ovoid panicle; upper branches of panicle clustered, thin,
elongate; leaves soft, soon wilting, glabrous; radical leaves with short firm
petioles, and spreading, broadly triangular blade with tripinnatisect primary
segments divided into linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, flat, acute,
pinninervate, simple or ternately parted,30—50 mm long, 5—10 mm wide
lobules; cauline leaves with reduced blade on oval, slightly inflated, obliquely
amplexicaul sheaths. Umbels variable, terminal on very short pedicel,
lateral 2,on long pedicels; umbellets 15-flowered, without involucre; calyx
toothed; petals elliptic, acute, slightly curved or spreading, yellow; stylo-
podium conical, with broad thickened margin; mericarps as long as stalks,
plano-compressed, elliptic, with narrow margin, 11mm long, 6 mm wide;
ribs filiform, slightly protruding; canals narrow, solitary in furrows,
2 toward commissure. Fl. May—June, Fr. June—July.
Mountain forests and shrubby formations. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from Alai and Gissar ranges. Type in Leningrad.
84. F. penninervis Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 591. —
F. Olgae Rgl. etSchmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop. 1etnogr.
XXXIV, 2 (1882) 36.— Ic.: Korov., Monogr. Table XLV, Figure 1.
Perennial; stem 70—100cm high, robust, thick, often single, smooth;
sheaths scabrous-hairy when young, glaucescent, branching in upper third
to produce broad ovoid panicle; panicle branches alternate below, seemingly
umbellate above; radical leaves rhombic-oval, ternately dissected, soon
wilting, their primary sections multi-(6-)-sect into lanceolate-linear, acute,
distinctly pinninervate lobules, to 40mm long, 8 mm wide, with undulant lanate
margin; cauline leaves with reduced blade becoming obsolete above and
broadly lanceolate, coriaceous sheath fused with, and recurved from stem.
Umbels semispherical, variable, terminal on long pedicel, fertile, of up to
30 rays, 10—12 cm wide, lateral sterile, often in groups of 1—2 on long pedi-
cels; umbellets compressed, 10—15-flowered, without involucels; flowers
with yellow, oblong-oval petals and short triangular sepals; mericarps
oblong- ovoid, glaucescent (especially ovaries [sic]), 10-13 mm long, 6 mm
wide, with broad margin and carinate ribs; canals broad, solitary in furrows,
which they fill completely, 2 toward commissure. Fl. June—July, Fr.
July—August.
stony slopes. — Centr, Asiay TI. Sh., Pam.—-Al. Endemic: Descaibeduaqann
Kara-Tau and the Chirchik River valley. Type in Leningrad.
85. F. kaschkarovii Korov., Monogr. (1947) 70.—Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Table XLVI, Figure 2.
Perennial; stem robust, thick, nearly 1m high, branching above middle
to produce oval panicle; branches alternate below, clustered above; leaves
pale green, soft, soon wilting; radical leaves on firm petioles expanding at
base, with rhombic, multi-(5-)-pinnatisect blade of linear 1-nerved, to 40 mm
long, 2mm wide lobules acuminate at both ends;cauline leaves nearly blade-
less on coriaceous, oval-lanceolate, amplexicaul sheath. Umbels variable,
94
oe We
Vo
Ni HE
SN
S—\ SS
ea
PLATE XV. Ferula caspicaM.B.
O5
135 terminal on pedicel, of 15—20 rays, 6 cm wide, lateral solitary or 2, opposite;
umbellets 15-flowered with involucre of 5—7 narrow linear deciduous leaf-
lets; calyx edenticulate; petals yellow, oblong-oval, inward curved; stylo-
podium short-conical; mericarps (unripe) inflated; canals broad, solitary
in furrows, 2 toward commissure. Fl. July, Fr. August.
Stony mountain slopes in shrub belt.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic.
Described fromthe Uyunkur River valley. Type in Tashkent.
Group 4. Lobulatae Korov., Monogr. (1947) 10.— Leaf lobules ternate
or pinnatipartite into small, lanceolate or linear lobes; sheaths inflated or
more or less flat.
86. F. transitoria Korov., Monogr. (1947) 70.—Ic.: Korov., ibid.,
Rapleeyxs Wnioure tl.
Perennial; root thick, fusiform; stem ca. 1m high, medium thick, slightly
violet, paniculately branching in upper third; branches alternate below,
whorled above; leaves slightly coriaceous,pale green, glabrous above,
sparsely scabrous beneath, persistent; radical leaves with long petioles and
broadly rhombic, ternate blade; segments of first order tripinnatisect into
oval, 8mm long lobules, cut into few toothed sections; cauline leaves smaller,
upper reduced to oblong-lanceolate herbaceous sheath. Umbels variable,
terminal on short pedicel, of 12—18 rays, ca. 5cm across, lateral 1—2, on
long pedicels; umbellets 9—12-flowered, with involucre of lanceolate,
herbaceous, persistent leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate; petals
yellow, lanceolate, with inward curved tip; stylopodium broad with elevated
margins; stigmas not thickened; mericarps (unripe) inflated, ovoid, with
narrow margin; ribs filiform; canals broad, swollen, solitary [in furrows],
2 at commissure. Fl. June.
Slopes =. Cenin, Asiay Dzu-wharby, Pam Aen budenvice Decemied
from Dzungarian Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Sieh akitsehkensis 2. Hedisch. exk—Pol, in Izv.) Vorons#obshich
estestvoisp. I (1925) 94.— Ic. : Korov., Monogr. (1947) Table XLVIL,
mouime nl:
Perennial; stems (1—2) robust, ca. 1m high, branching above to produce
oval panicle; branches approximate, upper in whorls; leaves pale green,
persistent; radical leaves with long petioles, ternate, segments of first
order tripinnatisect into oval, smooth or scabrous lobules cut into oblong-
136 lanceolate, slightly dentate,10mm long, 5mm wide sections; cauline leaves
with reduced blade on broad lanceolate sheath. Umbels variable, terminal
subsessile, of 10—20(25) rays, ca. 50mm across, lateral in groups of 2—4,
on long pedicels; umbellets 15-flowered, with involucre of 5—7 herbaceous
leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular; petals oblong-oval, with inward curved
tip, 1mm long; mericarps slightly inflated, ovoid, 10 mm long, 6mm wide,
nearly as long as pedicels; ribs filiform; canals narrow, solitary in
furrows, 2 toward commissure. Fl. June, Fr. July.
Mountain slopes in lower belt. — Centr. Asia: (?) Balkh., T. Sh., Dzu-
Tarb.(Dzungarian Ala-Tau). Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from near
'Ak-Ichke railroad station (Dzungarian Ala-Tau). Type in Leningrad.
96
37
88. F. songorica Pall. ex Schult. Syst. veg. V1(1820) 598; Ldb. F1.
ROS Sea liegnaU Oey Sm Ee Zap silo. Vall; O90 hes bia iicar Sehane
in Pall. Neue nord. Beitr. VI(1793) 111, nom. nud. — F. 18, Jal 1@ (3) val lo) re ey
Wolff in Fedde, Repert. XIX (1924) 310.—Peucedanum sibiricum
Willd. Sp. pl. 1(1797) 1406, non Ferula sibirica Willd. (1791). —
? P. aureum Spreng. Syst. veg. 1(1825) 911.— ? P. elatum Ldb. FI.
Bilieeg le CUSZO)WO8a lens Ldbawichaply lM iRoss. Ve tabs 305." i “ ~F = ne by) AR.
. ta
SS]
D-
YAAK
RAY
SKY
TA\\
PLATE XVI, 1 —Ferulago silvatica (Bess.) Rchb.; 2—F.taurica Schischk.
103
1. L. bucharica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada. XXIII, 1 (1904) 150. —
Ferula bucharica K.-Pol. in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. sada, XI (1916) 137,
IG, = Wikese Wijesait il ey. AWelolle) 1B;
Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with brown fibrous remnants of
radical leaves; stem 100—150cm high, erect, branching, cylindrical, thinly
furrowed, glaucescent- green, with short-stiff-haired leaves, becoming sub-
glabrous; radical and lower cauline leaves broadly ovate, 30—40 cm long,
ca. 25cm wide, biternate, their more or less long petioles expanding to
sheath; terminal lobules petioluled, broadly ovate, cordate or truncate with
large unequal obtuse teeth, 4—12 cm long, 3-11 cm wide, upper leaves smaller,
sessile on inflated sheath, uppermost leaves with reduced blade or of in-
flated swollen sheath only. Umbels of 20—25 smooth rays, 40 cm across,
involucre and involucels lacking; petals brownish yellow, hairy outside;
stylopodium short-conical, with broad, cup-shaped base and slightly undulant
upward curved margin; styles divergent, twice as long as stylopodium;
fruit ovoid, 20 mm long, 10 mm wide, marginal wings ca. 2.5mm wide.
Hien Vay June.) Buck) dimes ula
Slopes and stony taluses, 600—1,800m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic.
Described from High Mountain Tadzhikistan. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1055. ERIOSYNAPHE“ DC.
DC. Mém. V (1829) 50
Calyx-teeth short, obtuse; petals oval, entire, with short inward curved
tip, greenish yellow; fruit oval-oblong, laterally compressed, and downy-
tomentose commissural face; dorsal ribs filiform, marginal thickened;
147 canals 3—4 in valleculae, lacking at commissure. Perennial herbs, with
tripinnatisect leaves and long, linear, terminal lobes.
Monotypic genus, nearly endemic to the southeastern region of the
European part of the USSR.
VE longifolialGaisch:) OC. usin Wem, ViCls29)) s0-ierodn. lvpaserar
Hiseh, et Mey. inidnmd:)isem. Hort. Petrop. Vi(1839)/35, in nota; dbs) Ei
ROSS whee 0s a. Er. 1C aehr oid esk.-Pol, in IzvepMosk. obsheh i mcpras
DEtewOeCCIx (LIS 127) — Merularlongifolia Misch jin Cat.) Hore
Gorenk. (1812) 45, nom. nud.; Spreng. Umbellif. Spec. (1813) 86; Shmal'g,
Hiierso7— i, cachrvenides (anonym?) Catal, HortilOrloyviens (longs)
1syelohr emia Nomnputolia @alest. in Webbia,y 1 (19105)) 224. lear
DO (OLS 29) italy tariets| He Yuco- Vos. iWemnieure) sar
Perennial; root ca. 1cm thick in upper part, its neck densely covered
with brown fibrous remnants of petioles; stem 60—70cm high, cylindrical,
thinly ribbed, 7—8 mm thick, branching from middle, glabrous radical
leaves broadly triangular, tripinnatisect, glabrous, their petioles shorter
than blade, blade 15—18 cm long, nearly as wide; terminal lobes linear,
3—6 cm long, 1—4mm wide; upper leaves reduced to oblong, slightly inflated,
amplexicaul sheath. Umbels of 5—9 long glabrous rays; terminal umbel
* From the Greek erion — wool, synaphe — commissure,point of contact.
104
148
larger than others, to 20cm across; lateral umbels overtopping it, of 5—6
rays, sterile; involucre and involucels lacking; umbellets 6—15-flowered;
petals yellow; pedicels 2—4 times as long as fruit, fruit dorsally com-
pressed, ovate, 7—8 mm long, ca. 4mm wide, with 3 acute dorsal and
broadened (?) dentate lateral ribs; mericarps concave [?], tomentose at
commissure. June.
Calcareous and clayey slopes, pebbly and clayey steppes. — European
Pasi lbGanisvean) Veo iamla(S)). Ly Don lav. We SiberciayiUy lobe (SW):
Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (N.). Endemic. Described from
Sarepta (Krasnoarmeisk). Type in Geneva.
Genus 1056. SCHUMANNIA “ Kuntze
Kuntze in Tr. Peterb. bot. sada, X (1887) 192
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, elongating after flowering; petals yellowish,
obovate, with inward curved tip, hairy outside; fruit markedly compressed
dorsally, broadly ovate or oblong, covered with short dense hairs; stylo-
podium conical, with broadened undulant base; styles recurved, twice as longas
stylopodium; mericarps with obscure filiform ribs and thickened margins;
canals 3 under valleculae; albumen flat; carpophore bipartite. Perennial
herbs with tuberiform, thickened roots and ternate-pinnate leaves with long
terminal lobules.
Monotypic genus, in the deserts of Central Asia, Kuldja and Iran.
1. S. karelinii (Bge.) Korov., Monogr. (1947) 81.—Ferula kare-
linii Bge. in Mém. sav. étr. Acad. Pétersb. VII (1851)306.—Ferula
Meme ce GanntoldjaWars seu Kare in Bulle Soc, Nat. \Mosem Sav) Giga 2)s3i6 5%
nomWrthidy— Schuwmannia tulicecomanie a Ktze, in mre Peterby bor.
Selany Se (U Si) 92.
Perennial; root long, deeply rooted in soil, with 1 or several tuberiform
thickenings 1—5 cm long, 0.6—2 cm across; stem single 20-60 cmhigh,
glabrous, glaucous, thinly ribbed, usually with spreading whorled branches
in upper half; radical leaves with long petioles gradually passing into long,
slightly expanded sheath; leaf blade glabrous, obtriangular or broadly ovate,
8—40 cm long, 6—30 cm wide, bi- or triternate-pinnate, lobules of the last
order linear, acute; 2—20 mm long, 0.5—1 mm wide, straight or falcately
curved; petioles and leaf lobes with prominent narrow white nerves. Umbels
of 5—15 glabrous, nearly equal rays with the same white striae as leaves,
3—10 cm across, involucre absent; umbellets very small, 4—7 mm across,
with subsessile flowers crowded in head; involucels of 7—9 lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, thinly acuminate, pubescent leaflets with scarious margin;
calyx-teeth lanceolate, white-scarious in fruit; petals greenish or greenish
violet, dorsally stiff-haired, ca. 1mm long; fruit broadly ovoid, 10—15 mm
long, 7-8 mm wide, densely pubescent; stylopodium conical, with broadened
undulant base; styles recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. Fl. May—
June, Fr. July. (Plate VI, Figure 2, Plate XXIII, Figure 3.)
* After Karl Schumann, curator of the Botanical Museum in Berlin.
105
149
150
Hummocky sands, stony-sandy and clayey-solonetzic deserts, saxauls. —
Centr VAsias) Ar.- Casps,, Balkhy, tyza KoaKharadk. Armin!) suena Gens
distr.: Iran., Sinkiang (Kuldja). Described from Kara-Kum. Type in
Leningrad.
Economic importance. The tuberiform roots are eaten by the local
population.
Genus 1057. KOMAROVIA * Korov.
Korov. in Sborn. K semidesyatiletiyu so dnya rozhdeniya V. L. Komarova (1939) 427
Flowers bisexual, calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, obovate, with
inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical, with laciniate margin; styles
deflexed; fruit dorsally compressed; mericarps asymmetrical, one with 3
the other with 4 primary ribs, with narrow commissure; dorsal ribs fili-
form, marginal acute, containing 1 canal each; albumen deeply notched.
Tall perennial herbaceous plants, with biternate, multipinnate large leaves.
Monotypic genus recorded from Pamir-Alai and the Kashka-Darya
River valley.
1, K. anisopterum Koroy. l.c. (1939) 430.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., Figures
1, 2, 3 (flowers and fruit) and 4 (sections of pericarp).
Perennial; entire plant glabrous; stem 2—3 m high, to 10mm [sic! ] thick,
cylindrical, branching in upper part; radical leaves large, with short
petioles, multipinnatisect lobules of last order lanceolate, tapering at both
ends, acuminate above with hardly revolute margins, 4—5.5 cm long, ca.
10mm wide; upper cauline leaves reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels
of 2—7 thin, glabrous, 1.5—6 cm long rays; involucre and involucels absent;
umbellets spherical, 10-12 mm across; petals yellow, obovate, 1.5 mm long;
fruit oblong-ovoid, 10mm long, 5mm wide, slightly tapering at apex, reddish
browne VA une, Fir: Aucoust.
Deep, moist gorges, 1,000—1,500 m.— Centr. Asia: Syr D., Panne adle
Endemic. Described from Kashka-Darya and Zeravshan. Type in Tashkent.
Genus 1058. FERULAGO * * Koch
Koch in Nov. Act. Nat. cur. XII (1824) 97
Flowers polygamous; calyx with 5 inconspicuous teeth; petals yellow,
subrounded, with inward curved tip; fruit dorsally plano-compressed with
thin or more or less thickened margin. Mericarps with 3 prominent dorsal
ribs obtuse at middle, sometimes winged, rarely filiform, 2 marginal ribs
with narrow or broad, flat, winglike thickenings. Perennial herbs, with
branching stem and multipinnatisect leaves with narrow terminal lobules.
* After the noted Soviet botanist, Academician V.L. Komarov (1869— 1945).
** From ferula (see page 44), and the suffix "ago" — proximity.
106
151
To 50 species, in the Mediterranean region, Southeastern Europe and
Asia Minor, to Iran and Turkmenia.
1. Stem very short-velutinous, pubescent below; leaves scabrous-
LENE 7 6. 54 AGM A ACS SR EMES aaieeaT AoC Un REP IME MONET E 4 7. F. turcomanica Schischk.
ats SEIMEI Caves! OUADOUS chins Neo. itn Ors wapriie 6 cunt ER REN’ oh ie RE Da papaya De
2. Radical leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, 2—4.5(7)cm wide..... BE
+ Radical leaves broadly triangular or ovate, 10—45cm wide......... 4.
3. Lobules of last order setaceous, 5-12 mm long; leaflets of involucels
obliquely antrorse, small; dorsal ribs narrowly winged (Caucasus)...
ECA MINS AOR Ole lcrcu eck tej neta ies hel gendered coh tua ar pies Peers 5. F. setifolia C. Koch.
a Lobes of last order linear, awned-acuminate, 3—5(8) mm _ long;
leaflets of involucels usually recurved, 4p or lp length of umbellet rays;
dorsal ribs filiform (southwestern European part of the USSR)......
PMS NER oa ns ecm st a ae pend uke gaan Oe rae 6. F. silvatica (Bess.) Rchb.
4, Leaflets of involucels long-acuminate, nearly as long as umbellet
TENG (CAUISTAV AIRE Me Miaswsa By aks A Garon (cl muere ata .caatch Bie 4. F. latiloba Schischk.
=P Leaflets of involucels not as above, usually shorter than umbellet
NGAVES ee. VCMT ours /verue Neher elke, val Ae A) Califo, dined) mo gi naka alers Squat a ep he ca ea a 5.
DE LOOe Se Ohl asinOGder ShoOimtn 2 sO —-0 mama OMe see ek 3. F. taurica Schischk.
+ LOSS OC Tesi Oraciere Sai roaaan MCE Ves G5 6 ono 66 8 clo Go 6 Wen Bb wheeo o 6.
6. Fruit oblong-obovate, 12—20mm long, 7—9 mm wide (southern
EieOOSea fore Oi WSS Los 4 Bye Bee Gis 1. F. campestris (Bess.) Grec.
1° Fruit subglobular, 8-9 mm long, 7-8 mm wide (Dagestan) .........
3g Heat ORG Sh GENS CORO ot aalt sent erearemia en errs, oe ame 2. F, daghestanica Schischk.
Section 1. EUFERULAGO Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 996. — All canals nearly
equal; leaves with strongly dissected lobules at base of primary lobes.
Series 1. Macrophyllae Schischk. — Dorsal ribs filiform. Radical leaves
broadly triangular or ovate-oblong, 7—45 cm wide.
1. F. campestris (Bess.) Grecescu, Conspect. Flor. Romanei (1898)
252.— Ferula campestris Bess. Enum. Pl. Volhyn. (1822) 44: —
Heenoidar hora Vil.) Mla tauc.-cauc. L220, non lL. .(1753) nec seam
Chi@2) ote ri larson Schmalhiywkily,) Si) 1 Muzha Rosse slg40 summon lini.
Merulago, sSulecata Ldb, Hl Ross. Ili(1844) 299; pl. cauc. excl) non
Beau omislscat aasbest.—. Hien ua oO. eal bane eraaes Olls/s) elem @reemsllle
997 ex parte, nonFerula galbanifera Mill. (1768).
Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of leaves;
stem erect, 0.75—2 m high, ribbed, leafy below, nearly leafless above, strong-
ly branching; leaves ovate-triangular, multipinnatisect, lower 30—60cm
long, petiolate, upper subsessile, less dissected; lobes of last order narrowly
linear, with short mucro, 8—13mm long. Central umbel larger than others,
6—18 cm across, with smooth rays, bisexual, lateral umbels in whorls,
smaller, often staminate; involucre of 5—6 oblong-linear, recurved leaflets
with slightly scarious margins; umbellets ca. 10mm across, of 10—12 rays;
leaflets of involucels usually 5, narrowly ovate or oblong- lanceolate,
107
152
acuminate, recurved; petals yellowish, subrounded, inward curved, slightly
unequally toothed near apex; fruit oblong, obovoid, 12—20 mm long, 7—9 mm
wide, tapering above and below, reddish-brown,somewhat glossy, with 3
filiform dorsal ribs. June—July.
Thinned-out forests, shrubby formations, steppes, rarely stony slopes. —
BuGopeaa pant Us nc. wes. | Bik Us mpl aeal Dorm. aleve (Astrakhan,
Stepnoi); Caucasus: Cisc. Gen. distr. - Bal., Centr. Eur. Described from
Volyn. Paratype in Leningrad.
Note. One of the most widespread species of Ferul ago in the USSR,
usually determined as Ferulago nodiflora(L.) Koch. Linnaeus de-
scribed it as Ferula nodiflora from Istria, subsequently mentioned in
Fil. carniolica Scopoli, 1772, ed. 2. Boissier (Flora orientalis (II, 997))
accepted Ferulago galbanifera Koch, based on Miller's (1768) species,
for the plant from Sicily and Italy (Hort. Clifford). Boissier's description
seems to apply to several species (F. campestris Bess., F. taurica
Schischk. and F. daghestanica Schischk.). In 1898 Grecescu restored
Besser's (1822) forgotten Ferula go campestris (Bess.) Grecescu.
We agree with Besser that the plant growing in the southwestern USSR is a
distinct species.
2. F. daghestanica Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXI, No.6 (1946) 8,
Perennial; stem 30—70 cm high, slightly ribbed, glabrous, branching above
or nearly from middle; radical leaves ovate-oblong, 30—40 cm TOME. i Geta
wide, multipinnatisect, their petioles nearly as long as blade or longer, with
nerrow linear terminal, 5—10 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide lobules with circi-
nate margin, and short mucro. Terminal umbel usually larger than others,
to 7cm across; upper branches considerably overtopping terminal umbel;
involucre of 5—7 ovate-lanceolate, acute, recurved leaflets; umbel rays 7—15,
furrowed, glabrous; umbellets of 12 unequal rays; involucels of 5 lanceolate,
acute, antrorse or recurved leaflets; petals subrounded, yellowish brown
when dry; stylopodium flat; fruit broadly ovoid, 8—9 mm long, 7—8 mm wide,
with 3 prominent ribs and broad flat margin. Fl. July, Fr. September.
Dry slopes, roadsides. — Caucasus: Dag. (Dyuruk, Makhach- Kala,
Alty-Buyun, Chir-Yurt). Endemic. Described from Chir-Yurt. type im
Leningrad.
3. F. taurica Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXI, 6 (1946) 3.—
He oalibiann tema Ss braichy loba Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 997.— F. nodi-
Boga var. praehy lob a Theil in Hest, iil, Hl, vin2 (1926) 1359.
Perennial; root thick, 1—1.5 cm across; stem vertical, 30—100 cm high,
branching in upper half, with glabrous leaves: radical leaves long-petioled,
20—50 cm long, 15—26 cm wide, multipinnatisect; terminal lobules narrowly
linear, usually very short, 2.5—6 mm (rarely to 12 mm) long, very short-
mucronate. Terminal umbel 10—12cm across, of 10—22 smooth rays,
lateral umbels in whorls, smaller; involucre of 5—12 broadly linear or
oblong, recurved, acuminate leaflets; umbellets 7—15 mm across, of 10—12
unequal rays; involucels of 5—6 lanceolate, acute, recurved or antrorse
leaflets; fruit ovoid, 12—15mm long, 7-8 mm wide, with 3 prominent,
thickish, median and narrow flat lateral ribs. FI. July, Fr. September.
(Plate XVI, Figure 2.)
108
Stony and dry slopes, thinned-out forests. — European part: Crim.
(southern coast and near Simferopol). Endemic. Described from Uchan-Su.
Type in Leningrad.
4. F. latiloba Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXI, 6 (1946) 9.
Perennial; stem ca. 1 m high, robust, glabrous, 7-8 mm across, with
numerous protruding ribs; leaves multipinnatisect, radical broadly trian-
153gular, ca. 35cm long, 40 cm wide, on ca. 12cm long petioles; lobes of last
154
order lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with circinate margin, slightly glau-
cescent, 3—6 mm long, 1.5—1.8 mm wide, with short mucro; cauline leaves
uniformly spaced on stem, smaller, lower with long petioles, upper sessile;
stem branching above with short solitary, paired or whorled, obliquely
antrorse branches subtended by entire, ovate-lanceolate or dentate-incised
leaves similar to but larger than leaflets of general involucre. Terminal
umbel surrounded by whorled branches, terminated by smaller umbels which
considerably overtop it; involucre of 7—8 ovate, acute, entire, spreading or
retrorse leaflets; umbel rays unequal, glabrous, ribbed; umbellets ca. 12 mm
across, with unequal rays; leaflets of involucels usually 5, ovate-lanceolate,
long- acuminate, nearly as long as umbellet rays; petals subrounded, whitish-
brownish; fruit unknown. August.
Bluffs. Occurs near Artvin, as yet unknown from the USSR. Endemic.
Described from near Artvin. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Setifoliae Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR, XXXI, 6 (1946)9. —
Dorsal ribs thickish, spongy. Leaf lobes setaceous.
Mab setitohial@s KochvinwIinnaeca Vil (1842))3587) Ndbnl Ele Rossa idl:
299° Ionsss iil, Gres) Ml, OOGa. Cie@sisigs, lily Menace), = 1, Ose OLS F a
BoisshainyAnne sic imatusec. 13501 (1844) 320 — Lophose radium ysl
folium C. Koch in Linnaea, XIX (1846) 39.— Ferula setifolia C.
Koch l. c. (1846).— F. sylvatica Szov. ex C. Koch, 1. c. (1846) non
Bess.
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, green; root thick, vertical, its neck
densely covered with remnants of leaves; stem 20-60 cm high, erect, thinly
ribbed, slightly angled; leaves generally narrowly lanceolate, radical with
more or less long petioles, 20—30cm long, 2—4 cm wide, multipinnatisect;
lobules of last order setaceous, canaliculate, acuminate, 5—12 mm long;
cauline leaves smaller, with shorter petioles; uppermost leaves sessile,
small (1—2 cm). Main umbel large, bisexual,6—10cm across at flowering,
lateral umbels smaller (2—3 cm across), staminate; involucre of main
umbel of 10—15 oblong-lanceolate, recurved, 10—12 mm long, ca. 2mm wide,
acuminate leaflets, sometimes dentate-incised, very narrowly scarious;
involucre of staminate umbels of 4—5 smaller leaflets; leaflets of involucels
5, lanceolate, greenish-whitish, sometimes nearly scarious, obliquely
antrorse; fruit ellipsoid, 11—13 mm long, 6—7 mm wide, with 3 narrowly
winged dorsal and 2 broad lateral ribs. July.
Mountain slopes, shrubby formations, small meadows in the middle of
forests, margins of forests, to 2,000 m.— Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc.
Gen. distr.: Arm.—Kurd. (Artvin, Oltu, Kars, Erzerum). Described from
Karabakh. Type was in Berlin.
109
1B)
Series 3. Silvaticae Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR. XXXI, 6 (1946) 9. —
Dorsal ribs thickish, spongy; leaf lobes linear.
6. F. silvatica (Bess.) Rehb. Pl. crit. IV (1826) 371; lidb. Fly Ross. i,
298.— Ferula silvatica Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 44; Shmal'g.,
Ply We Ope Le. vEuchbe ty eives ital. tarele
Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of leaves;
stem cylindrical, 0.6—1 m high, with few whorled branches above, like leaves
glabrous; leaves lanceolate-oblong, lower 25—40 cm long, 3.5—4.5 cm wide,
multipinnatisect into linear, awned-acuminate lobes of last order, 3—7 mm
long. Main umbel 10—15 cm across, of 9—15 thinly ribbed glabrous rays;
involucre of many, recurved, oblong-lanceolate leaflets; umbellets 7—17mm
across, of 15—17 sparse, slightly unequal, ribbed, smooth rays; involucels
of 3—7 lanceolate or linear, usually recurved, acute unequal leaflets with
narrow scarious margin, iD to +E length of umbellet rays; calyx-teeth in-
conspicuous; petals whitish-yellowish, with slightly brownish middle part,
subrounded; fruit ellipsoid, 6—7 mm long, 4—5 mm wide, with 3 dorsal ribs.
June—July. (Plate XVI, Figure 1.)
Meadows, thinned-out forests. — European part: Bes., U. Dns. Gen.
distr.: Rumania. Described from Volhyn. Paratype in Leningrad.
Section 2. ANISOTAENIA Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 997. — Dorsal canals
4; primary lobes without basal lobules.
Members of section are confined to eastern part of the Mediterranean
area with Crete as the westernmost limit of distribution(F. thyrsi-
flora(Sibth. et Sm.) Koch), Only F. turcomanica Schischk. occurs
within the USSR.
7. F. turcomanica Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. SSSR. XXXI, 6 (1946) 10.
Perennial; root ca. 4cm thick, its neck covered with black-brown remnants
of leaves; stem 70—130cm high, with alternate or opposite branches above or
from middle, these thinly furrowed, like leaves glaucous, very short-veluti-
nous-hairy or subglabrous below, glabrous above; leaves short-scabrous-
hairy, broadly ovate, 30—40 cm long, 20cm wide, with short petioles, multi-
pinnatisect into linear, flat,0.5—1.5 cm long, ca. 1mm wide lobules with
inrolled margins; uppermost leaves reduced to sheath. Umbels 3—4cm
across, of 7-14 smooth, unequal rays; involucre and involucels of 5—9 ovate,
acuminate, short-scabrous-hairy recurved leaflets; calyx-teeth inconspicu-
ous; petals yellowish-greenish; fruit broadly ovate, 7—8.5 mm long, ca.
4—5 mm wide, with slightly protruding dorsal rib and winged, ca. 1mm wide,
lateral ribs. June—July.
Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh). Endemic.
Described from Germab. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1059. DOREMA” Don**
Don, Edinb. Phil. mag. IX (1831) 46.— Diserneston Jaub. et Sp. Ill. Pl. or. (1842) 78
* Treatment by K.M. Korolev.
** From the Greek dorema — gift,
60116 7 110
156
157
Flowers regular, bisexual and staminate, the bisexual on upper branches,
the staminate on lower, rarely flowers mixed; involucre of few caducous
leaflets, or lacking; calyx 5-toothed, indistinct; petals yellow, cream-colored
or greenish yellow, nerve darker, ovate-elongate, with inward curved tip;
stigmas truncate or thickened; stylopodium flat, fleshy with lobed broadened
margin, becoming cup-shaped; ovary cylindrical, faintly ribbed. Fruit with
free carpophore, dorsally plano-compressed, elliptic, with filiform pro-
truding ribs, 2 lateral ribs fusing with unthickened, whitish margin; pericarp
of 2 layers of tissue, inner layer small-celled in middle part, sometimes
entire mesocarp collenchymatous; mestomes thin, of few vessels; resinous
canals solitary in valleculae, rarely 3—4, 2—8 toward commissure, branching
or discontinuous. Monocarpic plants, with simple lateral umbels.
Note. The taxonomic position of Dorema among the platycarpous
Umbelliferae is determined by the arrangement of the mestomes in the fruit
and the inflorescences and their division. Dorema Don is like Ferula L,
Zozimia Hoffm., Pastinaca L. and others in the marginal position of
the lateral mestomes. It differs from them, as well as from other platy-
carpous genera by the small, simple umbels borne singly and in groups along
the branches; the latter make it difficult to establish the relationship of the
genus in the system of the family. The anatomy of the fruit is of little help.
Examination of the pericarp reveals that there is no inner, fibrous layer, the
so-called "hypendocarp" (Kozo- Polyanskii), so typical for the above-men-
tioned genera. The mesocarp of the species of Dorema Don is moreorless
homogeneous and parenchymatous, rarely of angular collenchyma. In this
respect the genus stands by itself vis-a-vis Umbelliferae with fruits of a
similar structure. Nevertheless Dorema most nearly resembles Ferula
L., remote species of which are known to have a pericarp with a similar
histological structure. Also, some species of Ferula L. have umbels
disposed as in Dorema Don(see Ferula, page 62).
Dorema Don comprises 16 species sharing a common structure, but
differing in characters secondary for the family of Umbelliferae. In the
USSR, Dorema is distributed in the Caucasus and the southern parts of
Central Asia; it also grows in Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Its
northernmost representative (D. microca rpum Koroy.) appears in
Central Asia, its southern limit lies in Tien Shan.
Dorema is typical in arid conditions and most species occur in dry
foothills and hills, some grow in deserts. They are confined to more or
less fine earth or highly calcareous soils, often mixed with rock debris.
One species, D. sabulosum Litv., is a typical psammophyte.
Species of Dorema are ephemeral plants which usually complete their
growth toward the end of May, regardless of the environment. Observations
in nature and in cultivation show them to be monocarpic. As in similar
members of Ferula their life cycle is 5—7 years, 4 years of which are in
the stage of rosette. In the absence of leaves the fruits ripen at the expense
of reserves stored in the root which reaches a weight of 10kg (D. aitchi-
sonii Koroy.). The plant is readily cultivated.
Economic importance. In former times some species of Dorema Don
were officinal. The resins of D. ammoniacum Don are known in pharma-
copoeiae as gum ammoniac and figure in recent surveys of plant substances.
Outside the Soviet Union the resin contains 72% of a natural resin, 0.3%
a
111
essential oil and 26% gum. The essential oil has the odor of Angelica
and is devoid of sulfur. (For further details see Ferula, page 62.) The
resins of D. aitchisonii Korov. are presumably indistinguishable from
the products obtained in Iran (Dubyanskii, 1918). D.-hyrcanum K.-Pol.
is the only species of the Russian flora which has been investigated. The
resins are used by the local population as plasters to stop bleeding and to
treat injuries in horses. The pith of D. sabulosum is believed to
alleviate heart ailments. The water extract from the young shoots of
D. aitchisonii Korov. is used to treat diseases of the stomach.
1. Umbels numerous, alternate, rarely in groups of 3, sessile or on
pedwecils! tom! erm LOM eo TI.” oor. re Welt en fertie ioe) lelietne ve) el hell ci stro niente tte 2.
a Umbels few, in whorls of 3—4 or more, their pedicels to3cm long ... 9.7
2. Fruit large, to 15mm long and 9mm wide; resinous canals solitary :
in valleculae, 2 toward commissure, and 2 canals interrupted at
Taal lll Kes) hig = (yes Ouatevalelan halo nanh ae SUC Mackey neceGecHOSOLUMONCabNo 5 oc 0.0.0 56 3.
a Fruit small, to 8mm long and 5mm wide; resinous canals solitary
iMevValleeculae. AnvOwacre: COMMMIUSSUIGeNa ss \eee eves) che) re) eicelley ine) austin same mre emer 5.
3. Stems swollen at nodes and internodes; flowers pale yellow; ovary
and umbel stalks white-tomentose; fruit with whitish margin to
2mm wide; resinous canals at commissure 4—6—8-branching ......
Ee SUG N Ge Sen OU Rese Re, oh get LR FD haat SMa im lee) Cae a Vays 1. D. aitchisonii Korov.
+ Stems without swelling; flowers greenish yellow or cream-colored;
resinous canals 2 toward commissure and 2 interrupted canals at
MMC Le OF “COMMAUS SUITE tee «le Us velco te! ats oval oe oe) ete me) oto) aa ee 4’
4, Ovary canescent, with 2mm long styles; umbellets on thin pedicels
to 10mm long; leaf sections entire, to 12mm long; branches slightly
CHINE CLM erm, Ue mPa e) Talat eta aoa cr eemc ine ise oila entree lin 2. D. sabulosum Litw.
a Ovary white-lanate, with short styles; umbels subsessile; leaf
sections deeply parted into 2—5 oblong lobes; branches markedly
Glin-eremenit> Re het as Gr Se ERAS TNS ANS ea eta ne 3. D. karataviense Korov.
5. Leaves stiff-haired; terminal leaflets wide, decurrent; ovary }
QUIN AS CC A ee Oe A A ee iia eer acerec «oO 0,0 9 6 ¢ S 6.
a Leaflets glabrous or subglabrous, ovoid-elongate, acuminate,
158 narrowly decurrent orvsessile; ‘ovary glabrous i . 2 Ses eee Ta
6. Stems faceted above, pubescent; ovary conical below, broadening
above: fendocarp thin: resinous canals narrow \r ) \ loos seen een Serene
Ace he ae ae Sm Sn A a 4. D. gummiferum (Jaub. et Sp.) K. Korol.—
+ Stems rounded above, sparingly pubescent; ovary rounded, sub-
slobulagy endocarp thick; “resinous canals! broad 32 2") ae nae eee
Wy Hinata ted var mem bney Caer nn DR atie Shea oar wera Malb et a Miencas g NE e iN s 5. D. pruinosum K. Korol.
7. Umbels 8—12-flowered, without involucre; fruit ellipsoid, flowers .
Dale arelwlOwe Ae sh. he ab ae Woah Pee ek PU CR a OR ance 8a
+ Umbels 6—10-flowered, with involucre; fruit oblong; flowers
eoldent yellow (7 2: Be a Pe a RI RE SY ee om
8. Leaf lobules broadly ‘inecoinre or ovate, glabrous; stylopodium
conical; fruit ellipsoid; resinous canals narrow. .6. D. glabrum F. et M.
a Leaf lobules oblong or 2—3-segmented, hairy along margin and
beneath; stylopodium nearly flat; fruit conical, tapering below,
broadening above; resinous canals broad, raised on ribS...........
of aR a a dla eld ee 6 gee a Sihee ale eel sue elo. DD, Mamvancans cima ea temerm
112
(159)
by
D ans DV |
RT 2.
\
f
RY Oa shny
SSS POF] M77)
OPN / Ss, ff
¥ ; SKA
6
PLATE XVII. 1—Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov.; 2—F. stschurovskiana Rgl. et Schmalh.;
3—Dorema sabulosum Litw.
113
L61
9. Ovary cylindrical, sparingly pubescent; fruit 8mm long, 5mm
wide; resinous canals narrow, hardly visible at commissure.....
es MORPRPAGN st ci chi tan eerie halhng MiMeee cae, eae.e aMihy Keewem emma mga ann 7. D. hyrcanum K.-Pol.
=P Ovary globular, glabrous; fruit 4—6 mm long, 3mm wide;
Fesinous Canals broad, Gisrinek at acormamams stiime) i. yee meine seine cite neatentenee
1, \, aitchisonit Koroy. nom: n.— DD. ammoni acmam" Aivch sia sicamc:
Linn. Soc. 2 ser. III (1888) 70, tab. 26—27, non Don. — Kandalkama (Turk-
menian name).
Perennial; root radish-shaped, its neck covered with setaceous fibers of
dead leaves; stem to 3m high and 10cm across at base, cylindrical, smooth
below, furrowed above, slightly soft-haired, markedly swollen at nodes and
internodes, light straw-colored or brownish when ripe, branching from
middle; branches alternate or in groups of 2—4; radical leaves grayish-
green, hairy beneath, blade broad, large, its sections to 9cm long, 2.5cm
wide, oblong-lanceolate, short-petioled, sessile or obliquely decurrent,
entire, sometimes 2—3-lobed; cauline leaves reduced to amplexicaul,
furrowed sheath to 14cm long. Umbels 12—17-flowered, sessile; involucre
of filiform leaflets; flowers sessile or on short stalks to 1 mm across, bi-
sexual or staminate; calyx-teeth small, oblong-oval; petals pale green,
hairy along nerves; stylopodium cup-shaped, inflated, slightly lobed; styles
to 2mm long, curved outward, stigmas truncate; ovary cylindrical, covered
with flocculent hairs; fruit plano-compressed, elliptic, sparingly pubescent,
to 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, its whitish, unthickened margin to 2 mm wide;
ribs thin, filiform; resinous canals solitary in valleculae, interrupted,
4—6—8-branching or continuous at commissure, narrow. Fl. May, Fr.
June.
Loess loams. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. (E.), Mtn. Turkm. (E. Kopet
Dagh). Gen. distr.: Iran (Afghanistan). Described from Er-Oilantuz.
Type in Tashkent.
Economic importance. The resin of this species contains cetyl alcohol
(Pigulevskii, 1938).
2°). Sabulosum Mmitw.. Spisok rast. perb, russe tlory, Villli@lo22) ieee
D. ammoniacum Borszc. in Mém. Acad. Se. Pétersb. VII sér. III,
No. 8 (1860) tab. III-IV—V, non Don.
Perennial; root radish-shaped, its neck covered with fibrous remnants
of leaves; stem cylindrical, to 1m high, 7cm across, tapering, smooth at
base, furrowed, brownish above, branching from middle; branches alternate,
the upper approximate; radical leaves pale green, with gray-haired, furrowed,
to 15 cm long petioles; leaf blade triangular, terminal leaflets lanceolate,
decurrent, covered with short curly hairs beneath; cauline leaves reduced
to short, appressed, semiamplexicaul, oblique, hairy sheath. Umbels 8—12-
flowered, alternate, opposite, on hairy stalks to 1cm long; involucre of
filiform leaflets; flowers on thin stalks to 5mm long, bisexual or staminate;
calyx hardly visible; petals pale yellow or greenish, to 2.5mm long; ovary
cylindrical, pubescent; stylopodium patelliform; styles to 2mm long, stigma
truncate; fruit dorsally plano-compressed, to 15mm long, 9mm wide, slight-
ly twisted, with whitish 1mm wide margin; ribs filiform, the lateral disposed
114
along margin; resinous canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward commissure,
2 interrupted at middle of fruit. Fl. April, Fr. May. (Plate XVII, Figure 3.)
Hummocky sands. — Centr. Asia: Kara K., Kyz. K. Endemic. Described
from Repetek station. Type in Leningrad.
3. D. karataviense Korov. in Bot. Mat. inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzssR,
XIV (1951).
162 Perennial; stem twisted in upper part, cylindrical-angular, densely
branching, covered with white lanate hairs, long persistent; branches alter-
nate, in upper part approximate, thickish, markedly divergent, slightly
twisted, sparsely bearing umbellets from base up; leaves glabrous above,
with sparse short hairs beneath,petiolate; petioles downy, blade ternate, its
segments subsessile, oval, parted nearly to rhachis into oblong-oval, ca.
5mm long, 2cm wide lobules, lower of which sometimes cut to rhachis.
Umbellets unevenly spaced, singly or approximate in pairs, on densely
lanate stalks, not more than 5mm long; flowers in umbellets 15, sessile on
short, 1—2 mm long lanate stalks; petals ovate or oblong-ovate, with short
inward curved broadened tip, subglabrous outside, 1.8 mm long; stylopodium
flat, as wide as ovary; styles 0.7mm long; ovary densely white-lanate;
resinous canals broad, equal in valleculae, narrow toward commissure.
June.
Dry slopes. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau.
Type in Leningrad.
Note. This species is close to D. sabulosum Litw. from which it is
distinguished by the character of branching, dense pubescence, subsessile
umbellets, smaller petals, shorter styles, as well as by its leaves.
4. D. gummiferum (Jaub. et Sp.) K. Korol. comb. n.— Diserneston
oemsnin werunn Jaub. yet Spach, Ii. Pls vor. 1 (U842) 78s tabs 40n lieu
HAW owet too. la 0c.
Perennial; stem cylindrical, striated, light brown, branching; branches
alternate or clustered in groups of 3—4; radical leaves grayish SECT ial.
angular, petioled; leaflets to 10 cm long, 2—3.5 cm wide, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, sessile or decurrent, upper reduced to semiamplexicaul sheath
very hairy at base. Umbels 8—15-flowered, alternate, Opposite or in groups
of three; involucre of few subulate leaflets, sessile or on short stalks
covered with white hairs, glabrous in fruit; flowers bisexual or staminate;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals pale yellow, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous
along nerves; stylopodium cup-shaped; styles thin, flat, curved beyond edge
of ovary; ovary cylindrical, tapering below, very hairy; fruit ellipsoid, to
8mm long, 4mm wide, with narrow whitish margin. June.
Deserts. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from
Saican. ype in Paris,
Do. D. pruinosum K. Korol. in Bot. Mat. inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzsSSR,
XIV (1951).— D. ammoniacum Boiss. in herb. non Don.
163 Perennial; stem cylindrical, furrowed, sparingly pubescent, branching;
branches alternate, sometimes approximate; radical leaves tripinnati-
partite, petioled; leaflets lanceolate, oblique, sessile or obliquely decurrent,
to 5cm long, 1.5 cm wide, entire, sometimes 2—3-lobed. Umbels 5—8- flowered,
115
alternate or opposite, sometimes in groups of 3, sessile or on very hairy
short stalks, with involucre; flowers sessile; ovary cylindrical, very hairy;
stylopodium cup-shaped, lobed; styles curved outward; calyx obsolete;
fruit oblong; ellipsoid, brown, hairy, to7 mm long, 5mm wide, with narrow,
0.3mm, whitish margin; ribs thin, filiform; resinous canals narrow, solitary
in valleculae, 2 toward commissure; entire plant covered with whitish
bloom.
Deserts. — Centr. Asia: Kara K. Described from near Kyzyl-Arvat.
Type in Tashkent.
6. D. glabrum Fisch, et Mey. Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. (1835) 26; Ldb.
Hi osiss, I 306; Boss: Fie or.) L009. Grosso. sb ly ance lenenleter
Perennial; root thickened from neck and below, 5—6 cm across, its neck
covered with fibers of dead leaves; stem cylindrical, branching from middle,
furrowed, glabrous, brown in fruiting; branches alternate or in groups of
2—3; leaves glabrous, their glabrous petioles to 15cm long; leaf blade tri-
pinnatipartite; leaflets ovate, acuminate, 3—6 cm long, 2 cm wide, sessile or
decurrent; cauline leaves reduced to small, semiamplexicaul sheath. Um-
bels 8—12-flowered, without involucre, on glabrous, to 1 cm long pedicels,
alternate, opposite or in whorls of 3—4; flowers bisexual or staminate, on
5mm long stalks; calyx indistinct; petals pale yellow, ovate-elongate,
mucronate, recurved, 1.5mm long; stamens to 2mm long; stylopodium
conical patelliform with lobed margin; styles 1.5mm long, curved outside;
stigmas broadened, ovary cylindrical, glabrous; fruit ellipsoid, 5—8 mm long,
3—5 mm wide, glabrous, with whitish margin to 1mm wide; ribs thin, fili-
form; resinous canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward commissure.
Salt deserts. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Endemic. Described from near
Nakhichevan. Type in Leningrad.
( Danivreanum I Pole ine Bote: mato ier. Glavine BOmusadanm le
1617 (1929)/ 67, ex parte,— D. aureum Bornm., in Sintenis) It.) peanceaismu.
pers. (1900—1901) 267, non Stocks (1852).— D. glabrum Aitch. in Trans.
Inimms Soc. 2 sec. ll (1888) 72) nom Biseh. tet Mey. — New Artcha: lamcemcalon
AO Nie eb mese. Satie Ikon NOs) Aa.
Monocarpic perennial; root radish-shaped, its neck covered with fibrous
164 remnants of leaves; stem cylindrical, furrowed, sparingly pubescent, brown
at maturity, to 2m high, 3—5 cm across, branching from middle; branches
alternate or opposite, sometimes in groups of 3—4; radical leaves grayish
green, sparingly pubescent, their pedicels hairy, to 20cm long; leaf blade
ternate-partite, segments bipinnatipartite; leaflets 3—5 cm long, 1—2 cm
wide, oblong-lanceolate, sessile or decurrent, entire or pinnatilobate, with
2—3 12mm long, 4—5 mm wide lobules, pubescent beneath, glabrous above;
cauline leaves reduced to short, furrowed, semiamplexicaul sheath,
appressed below, divergent above. Umbels 5—12-flowered, on glabrous,
to 1cm long stalks, alternate, opposite or in groups of 3—4, with involucel;
flowers bisexual or staminate, on thin, sparingly pubescent, to 3mm long
peduncle; petals golden yellow, 1.5mm long; stylopodium slightly inflated,
patelliform, lobed; ovary cylindrical, sparingly pubescent or subglabrous,
weakly ribbed; fruit glabrous, 6-8 mm long, 4—5 mm wide, ellipsoid, brown,
with narrow whitish margin; ribs thin, filiform; resinous canals solitary in
valleculae, and2 narrow, hardly visible ones toward commissure. May—June.
116
Steep stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described
from Syunt Mountain in Kopet Dagh. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The resins of this species contain 0.5% essential
oil, 90.6% natural resin and 8.9% residues. The essential oil may reach
1.4% and more (4.65%) (Kordishev, 1936). It contains acetic ester, lycanol,
citronellol, sesquiterpene, ferulene, doremon (Cj5H2g0), doremol and its
acetic ester (Rutovskii, 1931). The roots contain up to 19% resins, which
yield introcellulose lacquers of the coniferyl group ( Vyshenskii, 1935).
8. D. microcarpum Korov. in Bot. mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN
UzSSR, VIII (1947) 6.
Monocarpic perennial; root radish-shaped, its neck covered with fibers
of dead leaves; stem 1.5m high,cylindrical, reddish at maturity, slightly
hairy, 2cm across, branching below middle; branches alternate, opposite,
in groups of 3—4 above. Radical leaves grayish green, pubescent, on
hairy furrowed petioles; leaf blade tripinnatipartite, its sections 1.5—2-cm
long, 4—6 mm wide, sessile or short-decurrent, obtuse, sometimes 2—3 lobed;
cauline leaves reduced to short, very hairy, semiamplexicaul sheath appressed
at base. Umbellets 8—12-flowered, on 7mm long pedicels, alternate or
opposite, without involucre; flowers on glabrous peduncles to 3mm long;
165 ovary glabrous, cylindrical or orbicular, faintly ribbed; stylopodium cup-
shaped; styles 1—1.5mm long, slightly flattened, recurved; stigma truncate;
fruit glabrous, 4—5 cm long, 3 mm wide, ellipsoid, brownish, with narrow
pale margin; ribs thin, filiform; resinous canals narrow, solitary in vallecu-
lae, 2 indistinct canals toward commissure.
iPebbily slopes..— Centr. Asia: T. Sh: Endemic: Described from near
Dzhalal-Abad, Kara-Su River. Type in Tashkent.
9. D. namanganicum K. Korol. in Bot. Mat. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN Wiz Sie
XIV (1951).— D. songoricum Fedtsch. in Tr. Pochv.-bot. eksp. IL, vyp.
5 (1915) 88, non K, et K.— D. hy rcanum K.~Pols in Not. Syst) Herb:
Hort. Bot. Petrop. Il, vyp. 16—17(1921) 68 (p. p. quoad. pl. Knorringianam).
Monocarpic perennial; root radish-shaped, its neck covered with fibrous
remnants of leaves; stem 1m high, 1.5cm across, cylindrical, striated, dark
brown, glabrous, branching from second third up; branches alternate,
rarely opposite or in groups of 3; radical leaves on petioles to 5 cm long;
cauline leaves reduced to furrowed, semiamplexicaul sheath. Umbels
8—10-flowered, on glabrous, to 5mm long pedicels, alternate, opposite or in
groups of 3, without involucre; flowers bisexual or staminate, on peduncles
to 3mm long; calyx-teeth hardly visible; petals cream-colored, oblong-
oval, to 1.5mm long; stamens to 2mm long; ovary cylindrical, glabrous;
stylopodium nearly flat, patelliform, hardly extending beyond ovary; styles to
2mm long, recurved; stigmas broadened; fruit 8 mm long, 4mm wide, ovoid,
broadening above, tapering below; ribs thin, filiform; resinous canals broad,
solitary in valleculae, protruding above ribs, 2 toward commissure.
Pebbly soils. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from near
Namangan. Type in Leningrad.
117
166
167
Genus 1060. OPOPANAX * C. Koch
C. Koch in Nov. Act. Nat. cur. XII, 1(1824) 96
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ovate, with inward curved tip;
stylopodium short-conical, with flat undulant margin; fruit ovate, dorsally
compressed, with smooth, swollen margin; mericarps with thin ribs, the
dorsal equidistant, the lateral drawn back; valleculae (Soviet species) with
1 canal. Perennials with high stem (ca. 1m) and bipinnate leaves.
Three species, in Transcaucasia, the Balkans, Asia Minor and Iran.
1. O. armeniacum Bordz. in Fedde, Repert. XXX (1932) 378. —
©. hispidum’ Grossh., Fl. Kavk?) Il, 180; non Griseb: —O} pe mise mse
Crosshe nines non Boiss:
Perennial; root to 2 cm thick, its neck densely covered with dark brown,
narrow, band-like remnants of leaves; stem 90—100cm high, cylindrical in
lower part, thinly ribbed, covered with whitish, retrorse, flattened or squami-
form, dentate-incised, often irregularly branching or thin, linear-lanceolate,
sometimes linear-filiform hairs, with 1 or 2 incisions, with 2—3 small
divergent apical teeth, in upper half stem angular, glabrous, with whorled
branches above; lower and median cauline leaves petioled, ovate, nearly
bipinnatisect into stiffish, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, asymmetrical obtuse
lobes with oblique base and short-decurrent outer margin, dentate or
crenate with white hairs similar to those of cauline leaves; upper leaves
reduced to oblong-linear sheaths with small, tripartite blade. Umbels of
6—10 glabrous rays; involucre of 1—4 linear or lanceolate, acute leaflets;
involucels of 2—5 herbaceous, linear-oblong or lanceolate-linear, acute,
persistent leaflets nearly as long as peduncles; petals ovate, with inward
curved tip, golden yellowish (?); flowers polygamous-monoecious, bisexual
in terminal, staminate in lateral umbels; fruit (young) elliptic, dorsally
compressed, with thickened margin, 7mm long, 5mm wide; dorsal ribs thin,
the lateral broadening; canals solitary in valleculae, 8—10 toward commis-
sure. July.
Stony slopes. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (foothills of Alagez). Endemic.
Described from Kyzyl Dag. Type in Kiev.
Genus 1061. LASER * * Borkh.
Borkh. ex Gaertn. Mey. et Scherb. Fl. Wett. I (1799) 244, 384
Calyx-teeth triangular, short; petals white or reddish, broadly lanceolate,
tapering to long claw, with acute inward curved tip; fruit oblong, flattened
dorsally; mericarps with 5 thickish primary ribs, the marginal wider and
less prominent than the dorsal, and 4 secondary ribs with 1 canal each;
stylopodium conical; styles recurved, longer than stylopodium; albumen
flat toward commissure. Perennial herbs with ternate-compound leaves.
Three species, in C. and E. Europe and SW Asia.
* From the Greek opos — juice, pan — all, and kos — medicinal juice, referring to juice obtained from
the roots.
** Ancient Latin name for the resinous secretion of some Umbelliferae (see Laserpitium, page 279).
118
1. L. trilobum (L.) Borkh. Flora obern Catzenellenbogen (1795); Hj.
in Gaertn., Mey. et Scherb. Fl. Wett. I1(1799) 384; Thell. in Hegi, Illustr.
Ee Vite ee an oe Kev nl Zap. suo. VILL 206 p (Grocsenns Bile
Mave Wie ion Wen aquille o1rfolium Roehl ex Steud: Nom! ved: li
2(1841)10,— L. carniolicum Bernh. ‘ex Steud. Nom. ed. TI, 2(1841)
Le maser piviime tr Tl obum I Sp. pls (l755 e245) — sake tre t rhe
bum Crantz, Stirp, Austr. edi) Tl) 1ll (1762)\62- Scop, BL) carn. ved.) I,
fGen medberen Ross, i333: "Bosse whl. Tome SeOsmslamnctoa..
Bei 41 Anoelica aquilesifolia tam. Pl. Mranc. lil 7768)
452.— Ic.: Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI, tab. 1984 (1865); Fedch. and Fler.,
Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 707.— Exs.: G.R. F. No. 1616.
Perennial; root ca. 1 cm thick, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of
leaves; stem 60—150cm high, like leaves glabrous, cylindrical, branching,
thinly ribbed; radical leaves with long petioles, their blade 25—35 cm long
and as wide, bi- and triternate, lobes of first order long-petioluled, of last
order (leaflets) rounded, 5—10cm long, 4—8 cm wide, green above, bluish-
glaucous beneath, dentate, entire or 2—3-segmented or cut into large,
obtusely toothed sections; upper leaves not as complex, with broad inflated
sheaths. Umbels 22—25cm across, on long peduncles, of 15—20 unequal
glabrous rays; involucre lacking, involucels of 1—2 mm long, lanceolate,
whitish leaflets; calyx-teeth distinct, triangular-ovate; petals white; fruit
ellipsoid, smooth, 7—8 mm long, 4mm wide. May—June.
Light forests, forest margins, shrubby formations, mainly on calcareous
Soll. Mucooean part Salts. Ul Dnp..) WU. Dns.) Bes...) Crm y. Vitve Diao
Bie ve Won. Vie Wamea. @ransy.; Caucasus: Dag. E. jand) We iircamsic:
Gene oistrs = Avie and»@entra Bure, Medi Balk As. Winnie) (Avena, = beuniec.
Iran. Described from Gurgan Mountain. Type in London.
Economic importance. When fresh the fruits contain 0.9%, the umbels
0.7% and the green parts 0.02% essential oil.
168 Genus 1062. PEUCEDANUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 245.- Im peratoria L. Sp. pl. ed. I (1753) 371.- Selinum L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753)
244 (nec ed. 1762).- Oreoselinum Adans. Fam. II (1763) 100.- Cervaria Gaertn. Fruct. (1788) 91.-
Thysselinum Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. (1814) 154, non Adans. (1763) nec Moench (1794) 85.- Ostrutium
Link, Handb. I (1829) 360.- Petroselinum Rchb. Fl. germ. excurs. (1832) 453.- Caroselinum Griseb.
Spicil. Fl. rum. 1 (1843) 374, pro parte.- Taeniopetalum Vis. Fl. Dalmat. III (1849) 49.- Macro -
selinum Schur in Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. IV (1853) 30.- Schlosseria Vacot. in Oesterr. Bot.
Wochenbl. VII (1857) 350.- X anthoselinum Schur, Enum. Pl. Trans. (1866) 264.- Palimbia DC.
Prodr. IV (1830) 176, pro parte nee Bess.- Calestania K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N. S. XXIX
(1915) 175
Calyx-teeth short, often indistinct; petals white, greenish or yellowish,
broadly ovate, emarginate, with narrow, inward curved tip; stylopodium thick,
conical; styles recurved, nearly twice as long as stylopodium; fruit markedly
compressed dorsally, narrowly or broadly elliptic, with paler, broad or
narrow margin; mericarps with 3 approximate, faintly protruding, filiform
* From Dioscorides’ peukedanon: from peuke — spruce, danos — dry, or from the Greek
peukedanos — bitter, sharp, referring to the sharp taste and smell of the plant.
119
169
dorsal ribs, two of them tightly contiguous, slightly enlarged, with wing-
like extensions; innermost layer of fruit wall often consisting of thick-walled
radial cells; valleculae with 1—3 canals close to external layer of pericarp,
2—4 canals toward commissure; albumen narrow in cross section, flattened;
slightly concave toward commissure; carpophore bipartite to base, Perennial
herbs, with compound, ternately or pinnately dissected leaves.
To 120 species almost throughout Europe and Asia, with the exception
of the Arctic, and in southern and tropical Africa. The 78 North American
species formerly included in Peucedanum, are now considered as
belonging to Lomatium Raf.
il. Leaves ternate-compound, with linear, cylindrical or flat, entire
terminal looules,2—13 em long, 0.35—4 cm wide. <)sas. oul ere 2.
a Leaves simple or multipinnate, never ternate-compound, terminal
lobules Otten, dentate: sc cy, \ios cep, « sor use eiiedhe sous teubey lah eels e<) siniey ole en ee
2. Umbels of asi rays; flowers subsessile; umbels crowded,
Cal arek, etal: ~s wea. O. PM. mapollaviecumuonow
“ts Umbels of 7—35 rays; Pieuciedanum) 1,0 me nite Lilium byeeyaginal
Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XLIV-(1894) 101.— P. t. subsp. P. fallax Freyn
1 cen(U894)) 102. = -P.fallax Woron. in Sched..ad Herb. Wl.) caueiy Bact
XI, No. 524 (1931).— P. chrysanthum Woron. in herb. non Boiss. —
Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc. No. 524.
Perennial; root thick,ca. 1 cmacross, vertical, its neck densely covered
with brown fibrous remnants of petioles; stems few or 1, 20—50cm high,
with slightly antrorse branches from base or middle, glaucescent- green,
very dense, short hairs, rarely subglabrous, ribbed; radical leaves oblong,
their petioles shorter than blade, expanding sheath; blade with 4—5 remote,
sessile, primary lobes, bipinnatisect, very short-haired, secondary lobes
deeply pinnatifid into linear mucronate lobules; cauline leaves sessile on
oblong sheath, much smaller, less parted. Umbels 3—8 cm across, of 9-14
unequal smooth rays; involucre lacking; involucels of 2—5 unequal linear-
lanceolate, acuminate or acute leaflets with narrow scarious margin;
petals yellow; fruit ovoid, 5mm long, 3 mm wide, with filiform dorsal and
winged lateral ribs, wings ca. 4, diameter of fruit. July—August.
Slopes. — Caucasus: possibly also in S. Transcaucasia. Gen. distr.:
Arm.-Kurd. Described from Ardanuch. Type in Geneva.
Section 9. TAENIOPETALUM (Vis.) Rchb. fil. ex Calest. in Bullettino
della Soc. bot. Ital. (1905) 198.— Gen. Taeniopetalum Vis. Hi Dalam
III (1849) 49.— Terminal leaf lobes linear, entire, obtuse, with short mucro;
petals with network of darker nerves; upper epidermis scabrous.
140
32. P. borysthenicum Klok. in Addenda XVI, 354.— P. arenar ium
Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 309, non Waldst. et Kit.; Shmal'g., I, tl, 40S) o—=
Taeniopetalum borysthenicum Klok. in sched. in herb. Leninopol.
Perennial; root ca. 1 cm thick, its neck densely covered with dark brown
fibrous remnants of leaves; stem 80—150cm high, erect, cylindrical, thinly
ribbed, branching above; radical leaves with petioles much shorter than
blade, broadly triangular, 30—40 cm long, 20—30 cm wide, ternately pinnati-
sect; primary and secondary lobes petioluled, lobules linear or lanceolate,
0.5—3.5 cm long, 0.6—1.7 mm wide, with very short whitish mucro, glabrous
or with obscurely scabrous margin. Umbels 4—10cm across, Cit 710) soho, =
equal glabrous rays, crowded in fruit; involucre of 1—5 lanceolate or linear
antrorse leaflets with narrow scarious margin; umbellets ca. 8mm across;
involucels of 5—7 linear-lanceolate leaflets, shorter than pedicels; calyx-
teeth broadly triangular, acute, indistinct; petals whitish- greenish, hardly
notched, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 6—7 mm long, 55.5 mam
wide, with filiform dorsal and winged, to 1mm wide, lateral ribs; pedicels
half length of fruit. July—August, Fr. October.
Riparian sands, steppe slopes, chalky hills. — European part: M. Dnp.,
Bl., L. Don. Endemic. Described from the Dnieper River. Type in
Leningrad.
Section 10. XANTHOSELINUM (Schur) Calest. in Bullettino della Soc.
pot. Italiana (1905) 200.— Gen. Xanthoselinum Schur, Enum. pl.
Transs. (1866) 264.— Gen. Petroselinum Richbs le Secm yy excums:
(1832) 451, pro parte. — Taeniopetalum Bge. Beitr. zur Kenntn. der
Flora Russl. (1851) 127, nec Vis. (1849).— Calyx-teeth conspicuous;
petals yellow, elliptic or obovate, notched; fruit ovoid, marginal wings half
as wide as middle part of fruit; involucre multifoliate.
33. P. lubimenkoanum Kot. in Zhurn. Inst. bot Ukr. AN, 26—27 (1938)
hee allictertiic un lado. LE Rossi ll SLO” Navoyal bp, Slanamall" ea Jel, IL,
409- Grossgs., Fl. Kavk: TI, Bile iKresvils, Ile. Zaye Sid WADE: ZOLA, = ha e
niopetalum peucedanoides Bge. Beitr. zur Kenntn. der Flora
Russlands (1851) 127.
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 1—2.5cm thick, its neck covered
with dark brown remnants of leaves; stem 50—120cm high, in large speci-
mens to 2 cm thick, furrowed, glabrous, hollow, branching; lower leaves
triangular, tripinnate, their petioles 10-15 cm long, blade 15—25 cm long,
10—20 cm wide, its lobes opposite, primary and secondary petioluled,
tertiary partly sessile and deeply cut into oblong or lanceolate, short-
acuminate, 3—10 mm long, 1.5—3 mm wide lobules, sometimes margin and
lower side of midrib covered with short spines; upper leaves less dissected,
smaller. Umbels 3—6 cm across, of 12—21 very unequal glabrous rays;
involucre of 3—7 linear-lanceolate, long- acuminate, spreading or recurved
leaflets with white-membranous margin; involucels of 5 lanceolate-linear,
acute, unequal leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular, acute; petals pale yellow;
fruit ellipsoid or oblong, 4.5—9 mm long, 3.5—4mm wide; stylopodium short-
conical, with undulant base; styles re curved, slightly longer or 1 times as long
as stylopodium; canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward commissure. June—July.
14]
no
Oak and pine forests, forest edges, groves, shrubs, solonetzic meadows,
feathergrass-sheep's fescue and shrubby steppes, slopes of ravines,
occasionally in pastures and gardens.— European part: M. Dnp., V.-Don,
Viekamaval,, )Donp, Transve. day Vi, wSl..» BesiaGe)) al WiaDinsia ie rian
Caucasus: Cise. (W.); W.. Siberia: U. Tob:, Irt.; Centr. Asia; Ar.-Casp.
(N.), Balkh. (N.). Endemic (?). Described from the Ukraine. Type in
Kiev.
Note. Bunge (l.c. ) proposed the new name because he considered
Linnaeus' alsaticum inapplicable to a species as widespread as this;
inasmuch as his plant is, in his opinion, indistinguishable from the West
European plant, we must reject his epithet for the species growing in the
USSR.
Section 11. JORENIOIDEA Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XVI, 355. —
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow; fruit broadly obovoid, dorsal ribs
filiform, the marginal narrowly winged; 1—3 canals per vallecula; upper
cauline leaves reduced to sheaths; involucre lacking, involucels of linear-
lanceolate leaflets.
34. P. paucifolium Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 312.— P. meyeri Boiss.
Fl. or. I1 (1872) 1018; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 183.— P. conrathii Freyn
in Bull. Herb. Boiss. III (1895) 305; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 181.— Fe-
rula seseloides C. A. M. Verzeichn. Pfl. Kauc. (1831) 126, non
Peweedanum is esjeloides Turcz.— Johrenia meye riBorssanu
Ann. Sc. nat. sér. III Botan. (1844) 307.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exsic. No. 67.
Perennial; root thick, 1—2 cm across, its neck covered with remnants
of petioles; entire plant glabrous, glaucescent-green; stem single, 50—90 cm
high, erect, cylindrical, furrowed, with obliquely antrorse branches above;
radical and lower cauline leaves with petioles shorter or longer than blade;
blade oblong, 7—10 cm long, 3—5 cm wide, bipinnatisect, with 4—5 remote
primary lobes; lobes of the last order linear, entire or pinnatisect into
linear lobules; upper leaves reduced to linear-subulate sheath. Umbels
of 5—15 very unequal glabrous rays; involucre lacking; involucels of 3—7
linear-lanceolate, erect or recurved leaflets; umbellet rays glabrous;
petals yellow; fruit broadly obovoid, 5mm long, 4mm wide, with filiform
dorsal and broad-winged marginal ribs; canals 1—3 per vallecula; stylo-
podium conical; styles recurved, half as long as stylopodium. July.
Stony and dry herbaceous slopes, shrubs. — Caucasus: E. and S. Transc.,
Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from E. Georgia. Type in Leningrad.
Section 12. FERULOIDEA Schischk. sect. nova in Addenda XVI, 355. —
Calyx-teeth triangular; petals yellowish-greenish; flowers polygamous;
fruit ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, with filiform dorsal and hardly dilated
marginal ribs.
35. P. adae Woron. in Tr. Peterb. obshch. estestvoisp. XXXIV (1905)
27 and in Spisok rast. Gerb. russkoi flory, V1I(1908) 44; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Ul 2k Mocs Ga bie fi Nowilen LA:
60116 7 142
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, ca. 10 mm thick, its neck densely
covered with fibrous remnants of leaves; stem single, 100—140 cm high, thinly
ribbed, branching in upper half; radical leaves with long (15—20 cm) petioles,
their blade ovate, 25cm long, 15cm wide, tri- or quadripinnatisect, some-
times appearing ternately dissected, with remote lower pair of primary lobes;
200 lobes of the last order ovate or oblong-ovate, cuneately tapering, incised
201
beyond their middle; lower cauline leaves similar to radical but terminal
lobe narrower and more elongated, median leaves simple-pinnate, the
uppermost entire, linear-spatulate. Umbels 5—7cm across, of 5—8 unequal
smooth rays, lateral umbels smaller; involucre of 5—7 unequal antrorse,
linear-lanceolate, acute leaflets; umbellets 5—7 mm across; involucels of
5—7 linear-lanceolate leaflets, shorter than pedicels; flowers polygamous;
calyx-teeth small, triangular, acute; petals yellowish-greenish; fruit
ellipsoid or ovoid- ellipsoid, tapering above and below, with filiform dorsal
and slightly ciliate marginal ribs; canals 1 per vallecula, 2 toward commis-
sure; stylopodium short-conical. July.
Light forests, mainly oak forests, on limestone soil. — Caucasus: W.
Transc. (Abkhazia). Endemic. Described from Kodor River gorge and
Bzyb Range. Type in Leningrad.
Section 13. MEMBRANACEA Boiss. Fl. or. I] (1872) 115.— Calyx-teeth
inconspicuous, petals whitish, mericarps with narrow marginal wings, 1 canal
per vallecula, involucre and involucels multifoliate with membranous margin,
or entire.
Jone pauciradiatum: Namamsch. im Act. Inst: bot. Aic. iscy UiRise;
Sermulee Mogae system. IM (1936) 225. — PP. allbost 11 att ulm Kar jag
in Izv. Azerb. fil. AN SSSR, No. 5 (1940) 39.
Perennial; root thick; entire plant pale green; stem 70—80cm high, single,
furrowed, with obliquely antrorse branches nearly from base; radical leaves
many, their petioles ae to > length of blade, expanding to short sheath, their
blade triangular, 10cm long, 15cm wide, bipinnatisect, primary lobes
petioluled, oblong or oblong-elliptic, pinnatisect into trilobate acuminate
lobules, terminal lobule 3—5-lobed; lower cauline leaves with blade, the rest
reduced to nearly entirely membranous, lanceolate sheath. Umbels of 3—5
unequal rays; involucels of 5—6 lanceolate, acuminate leaflets with membra-
nous margin, much shorter than umbellet rays; involucels of 5—6 leaflets
with narrow membranous margin, lanceolate, acuminate; calyx-teeth incon-
spicuous; petals greenish pink at first, becoming whitish, with inward
curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, with narrow equal ribs; canals solitary in
valleculae, 2 toward commissure; stylopodium flattened-conical; styles
longer than stylopodium, ultimately diverging. June—July.
Caucasus: S. Transec. Endemic. Described from near Ordubad. Type
in Erivan.
Note. As the ripe fruit is not known, the inclusion of this species in
this section is tentative; nor are we quite certain that it belongs to Peuce-
danum.
143
202
Section 14. THYSSELINUM (Hoffm.) Rchb. Handb. d. Gewachsk. (1827)
448.— Gen. Thysselinum Hoffm. Umbell. 1 (1814) 154, non Adans.
(1763).— Gen. Calestania K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N. S. XXIX
(1915) 176.— Calyx-teeth distinct, petals short- clawed, obovate, notched,
fruit with rather broad, thickish, marginal wings, leaf lobes of the last order
linear or lanceolate-linear.
37. P. palustre (L.) Moench, Meth. (1794) 82; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il, 240;
Shmal'g., Fl. I, 408.— P. sylvestre DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 179. —
P. schiwereckii Eichw. Skizze (1830) 155.—Selinum palustreL.
Sp: pl. (1753) 244. =.Sh silvestre 1, ¢. (1753) pre partes— Sage aaysicie =
linum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. (1767) 170.—S. lactescens Lam. FI
Franc. II1(1779) 418.— S. sublactescens Gilib. Fl. lithuan. II (1782)
2 | oo tntenmediumet Ss schiwereckir Bess* Prim. sale Gainer
(1809) 205.— Athamanta ? pisana Savi in Ust. Ann. Bot. XXI (1800) 7.—
Thysselinum palustre Hoffm. Umbell. 1(1814) 154.— 7h splinm
Spreng. Umbell. (1818) 69.— Th. schiwereckii Bess. Enum. pl. Vol-
hyn, (1822) 12) — Th, angustifoliumet Thy silve str e;Renbawale
germ. Excurs. (1832) 453.— Callisace cantabrigiensis Hoffm. ex
Steud. Nomencl. ed. 1(1841) 138.— Calestania palustris K-Pol. in
‘Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. N. S. XXIX (1915) 175; Voron. in Fl. Yugo-Vost.
WV; 825; Kiryill, Pls Zaps sib: VIIy, 2053.> Ices Voronov. lls YusonVosimme
Rioti.e: DOR bas. 2G. JR. He No: 2609; by polon. exs.4, Nos Aaie
Perennial; stem 4—12 mm thick below, 50—120 cm high, ribbed, hollow,
usually dark violet at base, branching in upper part, like leaves glabrous;
lower leaves with long petioles passing into short, broadly triangular sheath,
7—40 cm long, 3—40 cm wide, bi- or tripinnate, primary and secondary leaf-
lets petioluled, tertiary sessile, deeply pinnatifid into linear or lanceolate-
linear, cartilaginous- acuminate lobules with smooth or slightly scabrous
margin, 8—15mm long, 1—3 mm wide. Terminal umbels larger than lateral,
5—10cm across, of 15—30 rays short-stiff-hairy above; involucels of 7—12
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, long-acuminate, recurved leaflets with
membranous margin; involucels of 7—12 linear leaflets nearly as long as
umbellets; umbellets ca. 2cm across, with short-scabrous pedicels; calyx-
teeth short; petals white, subrounded, notched, ca. 1.5mm long and as wide;
fruit broadly ellipsoid, 5mm long, 3mm wide, with slightly protruding,
obtuse, median and narrowly winged marginal ribs; canals solitary in
valleculae, 2 toward commissure. Fl. July—August, Fr. August—September.
Gypsum-sedge and peat bogs, swampy meadows, alder forests, banks of
lakes and streams.— European part: Dv.-Pech., lad.-lim., Bailit.. 902) Uup..
Wai... Ve-Kamess M: Dnp.,) Vo -Don;,-L., Don, U., Dns.g Wa SibeRiast@b neue
Tobe, Irt. (N-)y Alt. (N.)) Genzdistr.: Scand., Centr, Hun: BalasiNa
Described from W. Europe. Type in London.
Section 15. GLAUCOSELINUM Schischk. sect. nov. in Addenda XVI, 355—
Calyx-teeth triangular, obtuse; petals broadly ovate, hardly notched, yellow;
fruit ovoid, with filiform dorsal and slightly enlarged marginal ribs; leaves
ternatisect, with ovate terminal lobules.
144
38. P.transiliense Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, III
(1866) 78.
Perennial; root thick, ca. 10 mm across, its neck densely covered with
remnants of leaves; stems usually few, 80—90 cm high, erect, cylindrical,
furrowed, glabrous, glaucescent; leaves ovate, triangular, tripinnatisect,
primary lobes more or less long-petioluled, lobes of the last order ovate
or lanceolate, entire or tripartite with rolled margin, attenuate at base,
acuminate, 0. 3-3 cm long, 1-5 mm wide; cauline leaves smaller, sessile
on inflated sheath. Umbels of 16—20 unequal smooth rays; involucre of
1—2 caducous leaflets; umbellets of 10-15 very unequal glabrous rays;
involucels lacking; calyx-teeth triangular, obtuse; petals yellowish, ca.
1 mm long, hardly notched; fruit ovoid, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, with
thin filiform dorsal, narrowly and obscurely winged marginal ribs; stylo-
podium short-conical; styles recurved, shorter than stylopodium. FI.
June, Fr. July—August. (Plate XVIII, Figure 2.)
Turf-covered, stony mountain slopes, to 3,300 m.—Centr. Asia: T.Sh.,
Dzu. -Tarb.(S.), Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Zailliiski Ala-Tau,
Kurmekty pass, 2,100 m. Type in Leningrad.
39. P. polyanthum Korov. comb.nov—Ferula polyantha Korov.
Monogr. (1947) 55.
Perennial; glaucous, glabrous plant, with neck enveloped in fibers; stem
single, 30—40 cm high, thinly furrowed, with alternate branches from middle
or below overtopping main stem; leaves coriaceous when dry, slightly
wilting, radical leaves with flattened petioles expanding at base, their blade
triangular, ternatisect, its segments pinnatisect into oblong-oval, pinnate -
lobate decurrent lobules 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, sections rounded; cauline
leaves much smaller, with short oblong-lanceolate sheath and acutely
dentate lobules. Umbels on lateral branches and at stem apex; central
umbel with fertile bisexual flowers of 10 divaricate, 6—7 cm long rays;
lateral umbels staminate; umbellets dense, globular, 36-flowered, with in-
volucels of 10 herbaceous, lanceolate-linear, obliquely connate leaflets;
calyx-teeth indistinct; petals yellow, rounded, with short inward curved tip,
1 mm long; stylopodium short-conical, expanding at base; styles short,
deflexed; ovary half length of pedicels, oblong; canals solitary in valleculae,
2 toward commissure. May.
Slopes. — Centr. Asia: Syr D. (Fergana valley). Endemic. Described
from Shakhimardan River and from near Kokand. Type in Leningrad.
Note. In the absence of fertile specimens, the position of this species
in the system of the genus is uncertain.
K-Po., in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S, XXIX (1915) 175
Flowers bisexual, calyx edenticulate, petals white, equal, broadly elliptic,
folded along midrib, notched, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium
*Treatment by E.P. Korovin.
**From the Greek oedos—swelling, tumor; basis—base, referring to the tuberous dilation of the stem
base.
145
short-conical; styles contracted, deflexed; fruit dorsally compressed, :
thickened toward apex, linear, mericarps broadly connate with prominent
filiform and narrowly rimmed lateral ribs; resinous canals 1 per vallecula,
2—4 toward commissure; carpophore partite above; seeds flat inside; peri-
carp thin, coriaceous, with distinct stereome in each rib, marginal mestomes ~
near seed. One-to two-stemmed monocarpic herbs; root a superficial tuber; —
leaves multisect into narrow lobules; umbels and umbellets with involucre
and involucels; cotyledons 2.
204 Four species,in Centr. Asia. The position of the genus in the family is
based on its broad fruits and the histologically homogeneous pericarp. It
is closest to Peucedanum L. from which it differs primarily by being
geophilous. All four species occur in the lower mountain belt; O. apicu-
lata (Kar. et Kir.) K.-Pol. descends to dry steppe plains.
1. Radical leaves in more or less dense rosette, stem with basal leaves
Onlys PES Se ‘ SNS 2 Se ee
+ Radical leaves 1-2, ahaa Teele aeaniy a apex LP i
beleive ae Siete Walaa ee PC! 0. 4, O. platycarpa ( Lipsky) K.-Pol.,
2. Plant glabrous, leaves dissected into long (to 20 mm) filiform |
LS SYENS es sera RGN Be PR SS A ec RT RTA. AN EPL DA yaa FAs 2. O. karatavica Korov..
Plant pubescent . a eins Here ; 2. afl te ue Dak eo ee
oe) lerminal dewione of tees Aisi or leaneeaiere 2a val ty aS Spon ame
: .1. O. apiculata (Kar. et Kir.) K.-Pol.
A hemina Reeiione oF Teeee capilliform, to,2 mina, lone s.)\0 ye eee
Re te ce ak py ro 3. O. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schm.) Korov.
1. O. apiculata (Kar. et Kir.) K-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N. S.
XXIX (1915) 175.— Carum apiculatum Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat.
Mose. XV (1842) 358; Ldb. FI. Ross. IL, 250.— Bunium apiculatum
Drude in Engl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 194.— Peucedanum rapi-
ferum Trautv. in Bull, Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIX (1866) 326.
Perennial; tuber spherical; stem and leaves pale green, stem 30—50 cm
high, soft-hairy below, cylindrical, smooth, branching from middle to pro-
duce corymbiform panicle, upper branches sometimes overtopping central
umbel; radical leaves often few in rosette, lower half of petiole expanded to
elongate, flattened sheath; blade oblong-lanceolate, pinnatisect into thickish,
opposite, sessile, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, incised, acutely toothed, ca. 15 mm
long, 8mm wide sections; cauline leaves, especially the upper, sessile, often
bipinnatisect, their terminal sections lanceolate, pinnatifid or parted into
narrow acute lobules. Umbels of 11—18(25) divergent, unequal, to 6 cm long
rays; involucre of 6—8 linear, nearly membranous leaflets; umbellets 20—30-
flowered, with involucels of 10 linear, acute connate leaflets, as long as
pedicels; petals broadly elliptic, 2mm long; stylopodium short- conical;
styles as long as stylopodium; fruit glaucescent, broadly linear, thickened
at apex, with prominent whitish ribs, 6—6.6 X 1.5—1.7mm; mericarps with
narrow whitish border; resinous canals narrow in furrows. May—August.
(Plate XIX, Figure 1; Plate XXI, Figure 3.)
Clayey outliers in semidesert zone, also loessial hills and foothills. —
Centr. Asia: Balkh., Ar.-Casp., T. Sh. (Kirghiz, Talass, Tashkent, Ala- Tau,
Kara-Tau Mountains). Endemic. Described from sands between Arganaty
and Chingil'dy and the Lepsy River. Type in Leningrad.
207
146
nf ®
BAGS AN ia 5 Xi. . >
(205) POL EK $a)
SNP CAR : iy WY
PLATE XIX. 1—Oedibasis apiculata (Kar. et Kir.) K.-Pol.; 2—Korovinia tenuisecta
(Rgl. et Schmalh.) Nevski et Vved.
147
208
Note. Notwithstanding its wide distribution, this species is fairly con-
stant. In southern populations the leaves tend to be much more dissected
than in the rest of the distribution area.
2. O. Kkaratavica Korov. in Addenda XVI, 355.
Perennial; tuber oblong, entire or lobed; stem 40—50 cm high, thinly
furrowed, corymbiformly branching from base or middle, leaves not wilting
soon; radical leaves numerous, crowded in rosette, short-petioled, their
blade oval-lanceolate, tripinnatisect into erect, filiform, mucronate sections
to 6mm long; cauline leaves sparse, smaller, their triangular sections to
20mm long; upper leaves reduced to short sheaths. Umbels flat, of 8—11
rays to 60mm long, the outer longer than the inner; involucre of 3 linear
leaflets; umbellets 20-flowered; petals subrounded, deeply notched, 1.9mm
long; stylopodium short- conical; styles 2mm long; fruit (unripe) linear,
flattened at apex, 6.4mm long; mericarps with sharply protruding ribs and
canals between them, and distinctly broadened margins, resinous canals
broad. May—June.
Stony-clayey mountain slopes in lower belt.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic
Described from Kara-Tau Range. Type in Tashkent. |
3. O. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schm.) Korov. comb. n.— Carum chae-
rophylloides Rel. et Schmalh. in Tr) Bot. Sada, V (1878) 587)— @arum
tamerlani Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 129. |
Perennial; root with thickened, radish- shaped tuber; plant glabrous, |
often soft-hairy; stem to 60 cm high, its neck covered with remnants of leaves
cylindrical, distinctly furrowed, branching above to produce spreading,
corymbiform panicle, branches often overtopping terminal umbel; radical
leaves in dense rosette, with short hairy petioles dilated into sheaths, their
blade oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatisect, terminal lobes sessile, bi-
pinnate and deeply parted into short, dense, narrow, filiform, 1.5—2 mm long,
mucronate lobules; cauline leaves with reduced, less complex blade, the
upper reduced to squamiform sheath. Umbels of 23 unequal, slightly curved,
to 60mm long rays; involucel of 8 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate leaflets;
umbellets 20-flowered; involucels of 10 broadly lanceolate leaflets with
membranous margin; petals broadly elliptic, deeply notched, 1.5mm long;
stylopodium short-conical; styles about as long as stylopodium; fruit
glaucous, linear, 7mm long, 1.2mm wide; mericarps with sharply protruding |
ribs and broadened margins; resinous canals narrow. May—July. (Plate XXI)
Figure 4.)
On products of weathering of gypsiferous and Cretaceous Tertiary rocks,
in lower semidesert, rarely steppe belts. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent
Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al. (western spurs of Gissar Range, Mogol-Tau Mountain,
Kugitang Mountains). Endemic. Described from Centr. Asia. Type in
Leningrad,
4, O. platycarpa (Lipsky) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N. S. XXIX
(1915) 175.- Carum platycarpum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904)
132.— Bunium platycarpum Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 228 (1927)
208.
Perennial; tuber ovoid, entire; stem to 1m high, cylindrical, slightly
furrowed, glabrous, corymbiformly branching in upper third, branches
i|
usually overtopping terminal umbel; radical leaves 1—2, soon wilting,with
long petioles gradually expanding toward base, leaf blade oval- lanceolate,
loose, branching, multipinnatisect into soft, early wilting, subcapilliform,
5—8 mm long lobes, obsolete in upper leaves. Umbels flat, with involucels
of 8—10 linear leaflets with membranous margin, umbel rays unequal, to
60mm long; umbellets 25—30-flowered, leaflets of involucels 10, nearly as
long as pedicels; petals broadly obovate, deeply notched, 2mm long; stylo-
podium conical; styles slightly longer than stylopodium; fruit linear, 6 mm
long, 1.2 mm wide; mericarps with sharply protruding ribs; resinous canals
narrow. May—June. (Plate XXI, Figure 5.)
Soft herbaceous mountain slopes in steppe belt, wheatgrass-forb steppes.—
Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Talass Ala- Tau, Kara-Tau, Tashkent Ala-Tau).
Endemic. Described from the valley of the Chimgan and Pskem rivers.
Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1064. ANETHUM* L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 263
Calyx-teeth very short or lacking; petals yellow, with inward curved tip;
fruit ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, compressed dorsally; mericarps with 3
filiform, more or less protruding, carinate, dorsal ribs, lateral ribs with
thin, yellowish margin; canals solitary under valleculae, 2—4 toward
commissure; stylopodium short- conical or pulviniform; styles erect, short
at first, recurved in fruit; albumen semi-elliptic in cross section, nearly
flat toward commissure. Annual, rarely biennial herbs, with strongly cut
leaves.
Three species, E. Mediterranean area to India.
1. Umbels of 30—50 rays, involucre and involucels lacking .........-.
TRL ORL TEEN RPM oh TEPER ater tas re atetie, Ne Stele .1. A. graveolens L.
ati Umbels of 5—9 rays, involucre and involucels Of 3 leaves Wa ener tae
TH Hr Rot ne OL rahig ok MONS aN ata el ices Heels 76), SN 2. A. involucratum Korov.
1. A. graveolens L. Sp. ple (G53) 26S) WiC Pxcocigsy NE Gs Ile, lel,
Rosse s lie Boiss. Hl) jor. I 1026; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. 1, 1, CO. =
A. arvense Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 168.— A. sowa Roxb. ex Flem. inAs.
Reset GlehO)P156.—— sie li mura anethum Crantz, Class. Umbell. emend.
(1767) 60; Roth, Tent. Fl. germ. 1 (1788) 134.— S. graveolens Vest,
Man, Bot. (1806) 501.— Pastinaca graveolens Bernh. Syst. Verz.
Erf. (1800) 171.— P. anethum Spreng. in Schult. syst. VI (1820) 587. —
Ferula graveolens Spreng. in Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 14h ee aaverimelts
tophylla Walp. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIX Suppl. 1 (1843) 347. -Ange-
lica graveolens Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2 (1841) 555, in syn.— Peuce-
fenumssowa Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng) XLVI, UW (B77) LUG. =
PP, anethum Jessen, Deutsche Excursions- Fl. (1879) 180; Shmal'g.
eee — ee rianv eo We nks Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879)
709.— Ic.: Syreishchikov, Illyustr. Fl. Mosk. gub. II (1907) 417. — Exs:
GuwE won 20,02)
* From the Greek ana — through, ethein — burn, referring to the burning taste of the fruits. Others
derive the name from the Greek anethon, Aristophanes’ name for the plant which is closely similar
to anison, from the Greek aeni — fragrance.
149
Annual; entire plant glabrous, dark green, with distally indistinct blue
striae with pungent spicy odor; root thin, fusiform; stem 40—120cm high,
single, erect, branching or nearly simple, thinly furrowed, with alternate |
narrow whitish and green striae, branching above, curved between branches;
leaves tri- or quadripinnate, ovate, lobules of last order linear-filiform or
nearly setaceous; lower leaves with petiolules expanding to oblong, 1.5—2 cm.
long sheath with broad scarious margin; upper leaves with smaller and less
dissected blade, sessile on sheath. Umbels to 15cm across, of 30—50
smooth, nearly equal rays; involucre and involucels lacking; calyx-teeth
very short; petals yellow, tapering to flat, hardly notched involute lobule;
stylopodium pale yeliow, pulviniform; styles very short, nearly erect at
210 flowering, becoming recurved in fruit, stigma claviform-capitate; fruit
ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, dorsally compressed, 3—5 mm long, 1.5—3.5 mm)
wide; mericarps with 3 prominent, carinate, dorsal ribs, lateral ribs extend- |
ed into thin, straw-colored margin; canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward
commissure; albumen semi-elliptic in cross section, nearly flat toward
commissure. June—July.
Cultivated and escaped near dwellings, kitchen gardens, fields and roads. —
European part: Lad-Ilm., Balt., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., U. Dns., Bes., V.-Don,
LE. V.; Caucasus: Cisc., W., E. and S. Transc.;\ Tal.: Centr. Asia: Ar.- Caspm)
_Syr D., Pam.Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen, distr.: (wild) As. Min., Iran., Ind.-
Him., N. Afr. (Egypt); (weed) W. and E. Med., S. Afr., cultivated and
escapedmnn@entic” Hur.) Ati un arBailes )INe) VAs: iba Miinaldatee Chile, Para-
guay, and others. Described from fields in Portugal and Spain. Type in
London. |
Economic importance. The boiled fruits were used for medical purposes |
by the ancient Greeks, Hebrews, and others. Although hardly used for such
purposes today, the plant is valuable for the essential oil obtained by steam
distillation of the crushed fruits. (The main component of the 2.8—4%
essential oil is carvone, 40-60%.) In storage the initially colorless oil turns
yellow and its taste changes from delicate to very sharp. The odor of dill |
oil is reminiscent of caraway oil. The fruit is picked before ripening, as it
crumbles when ripe. The essential oil is used in the manufacture of soap
and liqueurs; the oil cake (15 to 20% protein, about 15% fat) is a good cattle
feed. The green parts of the plant also contain essential oil; this too is |
used for industrial purposes in some countries (Spain). The young shoots
are used as vegetables, often as a seasoning for food and pickles.
2. A. involucratum Koroy. in Not. syst. Inst. botan. et zoolog. Acad. |
Se. Uzbekistan. VIII (1947) 11.
Perennial; taproot with neck covered with fibers of dead leaves; stem
and leaves glaucescent, 50—60 cm high, thinly furrowed, branching at middle
to produce corymbiform panicle; branches alternate, upper opposite, over-
topping terminal umbel; leaves glabrous, radical persistent, sessile on
lanceolate, white striated sheaths, their blade sparse, thrice ternately
dissected into narrow linear, 15—20 mm long, acute sections; cauline leaves
211 reduced to narrow sheaths. Umbels of 5—9 erect rays, outer to 5cm long,
much longer than inner; involucels of 5 short, lanceolate leaflets; umbellets
10—15-flowered, involucels of 3—5 narrow lanceolate leaflets a length of
pedicels; flowers on unequal,erect, thin pedicels; calyx edenticulate; petals
150
yellow, elliptic, with inward curved tapering tip, 1.4mm long; stylopodium
short- conical; styles slightly longer than diameter of stylopodium, recurved;
fruit (unripe) oblong, cuneate at base, fringed by narrow rim, 3.5mm long;
ribs filiform; resinous canals 1 per vallecula; broad, 2 large and 2 small
toward commissure, interrupted. June.
Nonirrigated wheat fields. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described
hom Wi. Pam .ALy) Dype in Tashkent.
Note. In the absence of specimens, the present description follows Koro-
vin. It is doubtful whether it should be included in Anethum.
Genus 1065. KOROVINIA * Nevski et Vved.
Nevski et Vved. in Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, IV (1937) 242
Flowers bisexual, calyx edenticulate, petals yellow, elliptic, tapering
toward apex, inward curved; stylopodium flattened- conical, sometimes with
expanded base; styles short, reflexed; fruit more or less flattened dorsally,
entire inner surface of mericarps connate with whitish, slightly thickened
rim along margin, ribs filiform, resinous canal 1, rather wide in valleculae,
6—8 toward commissure, of these 2 wide, others narrow, interrupted; carpo-
phore free; seeds flat toward commissure; mesocarp of 2 layers, inner
flattened, outer thickened, spongy, of aerial parenchyma, mestomes disposed
in outer layer, stereomes lacking. Perennial, polycarpic herbs, with thicken-
ed, cylindrical root; leaves dissected into narrow sections; umbels with
involucre and involucels.
In the structure of the pericarp and many other features, Koroviniais
close to Johrenia DC., from which it distinctly differs by the well-defined
resinous canals in the fruits and the tuberiform root. The flowers are iden-
tical with those of Muretia Boiss.
Three related species are known.
SESIM Corey AM osaKorpiaallhy joncsuaClavlieve! PENS le 5 into Gg AeniadlS .cicyo).0 060 4b o 6) hole Ze
SEcmapaniemately branchimpis elon os coaches 3. K. microcarpa Korov.
Plant with foul-smelling root, umbel rays 10—30mm long .........
RR eS) CREDA A hi DENIS Be fear WAG TRI iS 2. K. ferganensis Koroy.
ae Root odorless, umbel rays 146 LLIN SHAS HOMO VAG, Viens toi eueerh el opie Reelinet Rremramls
oc Re ae PE ee 1. K. tenuisecta (Rgl. et Schm.) Nevski et Vved.
ak [ea
1. K. tenuisecta (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Nevski et Vved. l.c. 273.— Peuce-
danum tenuisectum Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv.
Ant LOpwieetMopr. | CXxIVe 2 (1882) °37,— PY tenuisectum ssp.) ty pace um
Korov. in Schedis ad Herb. Fl. As. Med. 2 (1921) 28.— Johrenia pla-
typoda Aitseh. et Hemsl. in’Trans. Linn. Soc: Lond. Il, 1 (1888) 71.—
licence wet ems. Wier tabs SOC, —)Exs.):; ay Be ASME Nos 36).
Perennial; entire plant glabrous, pale green; root cylindrical, often
thickened below, with thin lateral roots; stem 40—60cm high, its neck covered
with fibrous remnants of leaves, thinly furrowed, with whitish, parallel
* Treatment by E. P. Korovin.
15]
2
13
nerves, erect, 1—2 times branching from middle to produce more or less
corymbiform panicle; branches thin, divergent, upper often opposite; ‘
leaves soon wilting and disintegrating; rosette of few leaves with short
petioles passing into long,flat, linear sheath, and broadly triangular, ter-
nately dissected blade, its segments bipinnatisect into narrow linear, flat,
spreading sections 20—40 X 0.6mm; cauline leaves with coriaceous, inflated
lanceolate, obliquely amplexicaul, shiny sheath, whitish inside, ca. 50 mm
long, 155 mm wide; upper leaves reduced to short, narrow, lanceolate sheath.
Umbels more or less compressed, of 6—10 unequal erect, 10—40mm long
rays, inner sometimes obsolete; involucre of 5 short, lanceolate-linear
leaflets; umbellets 15-flowered, sterile, often with inner flowers; in-
volucels similar to involucre, their leaflets much shorter than thin pedicels; |
calyx edenticulate; petals with thickened midrib, 0.9mm long; fruit ellipsoid
or obovoid, 6 X 3.5mm, brown, with whitish, narrow, winged rim, half length
of longest pedicels; mericarps compressed dorsally, with filiform, whitish
ribs, lateral ribs coincide with margin of seeds; resinous canals solitary,
broad in furrows, 2 broad and 4—6 narrow, interrupted toward commissure.
June—July. (Plate XIX, Figure 2; Plate XXI, Figure 6.)
Loessial hills in foothill zone, ephemeral cover of mountain semideserts,
_ rarely higher in steppe belt. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau, Tashkent
Ala-Tau Mountains), Pam.-Al. (western spurs of Gissar Range, Kugitang
Mountains), Syr D., Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Gen. distr.: Iran (N., Af-
ghanistan, Parapamiz). Described from Kara-Tau Mountains (Boroldai)
near Tashkent, and elsewhere. Type in Leningrad.
Note. The dimensions of the fruits are variable. Within the distribu-
tion area there occur among the typical, large-fruited forms also plants
with fruits 4.5—-5mm long. (Elevations in the Samarkand area)
|
2K ferganensis Koroyv. in Bot. Mat. cerb. Inst. Bot. 1 Zool, 7AwW |
UzSSR, VIII (1947) 10. |
Perennial; pale green, completely glabrous plant; root thickened, cylin-
drical, rounded below, bearing thin rootlets; stem 50—60 cm high, furrowed,
with whitish parallel nerves, corymbiformly branching in upper part, its
neck covered with erect bristles — remnants of dead leaves; leaves soon
wilting and disintegrating; radical leaves with long, cylindrical petioles
expanding at base, their blade triangular-oval, ternate, its segments tri-
pinnatisect into narrow linear sections to5—0.5 mm [sic] wide, diverging at an
acute angle; cauline leaves with coriaceous, broad, flat,lanceolate, amplexi-
caul sheath, shiny inside, to 40 X 15mm; upper leaves reduced to short,
narrow, lanceolate sheath. Umbels more or less compressed, of 7—11 un-
equal rays, inner shorter, 10—30 mm; involucels of 5 short, lanceolate-
linear, acute leaflets; umbellets of 12—15 fertile flowers, with involucel
similar to involucre; pedicels unequal; calyx edenticulate; petals convolute,
0.6 mm long; stylopodium flattened- conical, with enlarged, undulant margin,
accrescent in ripe fruit; fruit ellipsoid, markedly inflated dorsally, much
shorter than stalks; mericarps with filiform, slightly protruding ribs and
narrow white rim; resinous canals solitary in furrows, medium-sized,
8 very narrow canals toward commissure. June—July.
Soft, loessial mountain slopes in steppe belt, wheatgrass steppes. —
Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Easternpart of Ferganavalley. Type: E. Fer-
gana, Kugart-Su River, Korovin No. 37, in Tashkent.
152
215
Note. Distinguished from the preceding species by the disagreeable
odor of the root, the dimensions of the umbels, the shorter leaf sections,
and the structure of the stylopodium and fruits.
3. K. microcarpa Korov. comb. n.— Peucedanum tenuisectum
ssp. microcarpum Korov. in Sched. ad. Herb. Fl. As. Med. II (1924)
28.
Perennial; pale green, completely glabrous plant; root short- cylindrical,
rounded below; stem ca. 1m high, erect, furrowed, with parallel whitish
nerves, its neck covered with fibers of dead leaves, branching in upper
third to produce spreading panicle, branches thin, bearing few, often opposite
branchlets; leaves soon wilting and disintegrating; radical leaves with long
petioles passing into narrow sheath, their blade spreading, broadly tri-
angular, tripinnatisect into narrow linear, erect sections to 15X0.6 mm;
cauline leaves on coriaceous, oval-lanceolate, amplexicaul, flat sheath, shiny
inside; upper leaves reduced to short, lanceolate, membranous scale. Ripe
umbels compressed, of 4—6 unequal, very thin, 10—30mm long rays; involucre
of 5 short, appressed, lanceolate leaflets; umbellets with 8—10 sterile inner
flowers, involucel similar to involucre; calyx edenticulate; petals ovate, with
inward curved tip, 0.6 mm long; stylopodium flattened- conical, expanding at
base; fruit ellipsoid, half length of pedicels, 3.5mm long; mericarps dorsally
inflated, with hardly protruding filiform ribs, fused canals and inconspicuous
rim; one large and several small interrupted canals between ribs, up to 8
canals toward commissure. May—June.
Clayey and clayey-stony slopes in steppe and semisteppe belts. — Centr.
Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (C. Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Kopet Dagh.
Type in Tashkent.
Note. Close to K. ferganensis Korov. from which it is easily distin-
guished by the broad paniculate manner of branching, the much compressed
umbels, and the fruits without broadened rim.
Genus 1066. MOGOLTAVIA Korov.
Korovin in Bot. mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 11
Flowers bisexual; calyx edenticulate; petals white, ovate, slightly de-
pressed, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical, with
undulant basal ridge; styles short; fruit dorsally compressed, thickened
toward apex, with broad commissure, dorsal ribs filiform, lateral expanding
into rim; carpophore free; resinous canals in two rows, outer row of broad
canals, 1 per vallecula, inner many, narrow; 4 broad canals toward commis-
sure; pericarp coriaceous, mesocarp homogeneous, parenchymatous. Pe-
rennial herbs, with tuberiform root and tripinnatisect leaves.
Monotypic genus, from the Mogol-Tau Mountain in Central Asia.
1. M. severzovii (Rgl.) Korov. l.c. (1947) 11.- Carum severt-
AOwsinReles an Wr Bot, Sade, Vac (GEW/S)) BIW, Betis) ehiolialat wise severt-
yovii Drude in E. u. P. Pflanzenfam. IM, 8(1898) 194. Peucedanum
gypsaceum Korov. in Bot. mat. gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 75.—
3S)
albumen flat toward commissure. Biennial or perennial, more or less |
pubescent, rarely subglabrous herbs, with simple or bipinnate leaves. |
To 15 species in Europe and Asia. |
1. Involucre and involucels lacking (0) 6 en 2.
216 i Involucels always present, involucres sometimes lacking (Caucasus). . 4.
22 Stem cylindrical, with thin ribs; main umbel of 5—10 rays; both
surfaces of leaves Iniabrrysve amen St Rene MR eee arte 3. P. umbrosa Stev.
a Stem angular-ribbed; leaves glabrous above, sparingly pubescent
beneath or subglabrous; main umbel of 9-20 rays.) 3.
3. Stem and leaves subglabrous below; root fleshy, sweetish, edible
Reuliivated plane) 15 0004 12M Suse omy 8 (Ai 35 tey aie ah 2. Pe Sabivelelne
ate Stem and leaves more or less hairy below; root WOOds, bit tera ain
EPRICE GLE SEROUS SERIES APU <9 ape Aaa ed Pa iota 1. P. silvestris Gars.
Genus 1067. PASTINACA* |.
P. severtzovii Korov. in Izv. Sredneaz. univers.
13.— Exs.; H. F.A.M. No. 245.
Perennial; root 0.5—1.5 cm thick, its neck densely covered with remnants
of leaves; entire plant glabrous; stem 15—40 cm high, single, erect, branching ©
with oblique antrorse branches from base often overtopping main stem;
radical leaves many, crowded at base of stem, their short petioles expanding —
to oblong white-rimmed sheath, 7—10 cm long, 0.7—2 cm wide, tripinnatisect —
into narrow linear or subulate 2—3.5 mm long lobules, with white cartilaginous
mucro; cauline leaves few, very small, less dissected, sessile on short, white, |
scarious sheath. Terminal umbel larger than others, of 11—23 glabrous |
rays; lateral umbels of 7—12 rays; involucre and involucels of 7—9 Oovate- |
lanceolate or narrow lanceolate, acuminate, more or less erect, nearly
entirely scarious leaflets; fruit ovoid, 5mm long; 2i=2 5 nam: wide, with fili-
form dorsal ribs and narrowly winged margin; styles longer than stylo-
podium, recurved. April—May. (Plate I, Figure 1.)
Stony, gypsiferous and granite slopes, conglomerates in clayey steppes.—
Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Mogol-Tau Range. Type in
Leningrad.
XIV, Dopoln, (1926)
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow or orange, rounded -ovate, entire,
with inward curved lobule; fruit lentiform-flattened dorsally, broadly ovoid,
glabrous or pubescent; stylopodium pulviniform; mericarps with filiform |
dorsal ribs and broad, flat, hardly thickened margins; canals solitary under
valleculae, almost reaching base of mericarps; carpophore bipartite;
4, Biennial, 50—90cm high, main umbel usually of 10-18 rayci sn
Se ee ee ed aot ee Cm Pe Men Swe slacyoniaSuiolay Ii, E.
+ Perennial, 20—60 cm high, main umbel with 5—10 rays
5. Involucels of 5—11 leaflets, involucre often persistent (W. Transc) aeme
Soh ae ee an Ce a ce eam MOM SPR bacon (AN5).)) Kata le.
* Involucels of 1—3 leaflets, involucre often lacking or of 1—2
leaflets 5. P. armena Fisch. et Mey.
*“ From the Latin pastus — fodder, food, referring to the edible root; or from pastinus — cultivated soil.
154
2 17
Section 1. EUPASTINACA Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1060. — Involucre
and involucels lacking; petals always glabrous.
1. P. silvestris Garsault, Descr. Pl. Anim. (1767) 263; Mill. Gard.
Dict. ed. VIII (1768) No.1.— P. pratensis Mart. Prodr. Fl. Mosq. ed.
2) (AGI) Be Is ee Wael logis ua, ess. ie) SIV, keto, IP Sie ey evens.
arvensis Dum. Fl. belg. (NSA MSS se— Prisrautsiavgel Walle. silvestris
Kryl. et Schischk., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII (1935) 1998. - Elaphoboscum
sativum a. silvestre Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 462.— P. sativaB.
pubescens Kaufm, Moskovsk. Fl. (1889) 213.— Peucedanum pa sti-
naca var. opacum Schmalh., Fl. sr. i yuzhn. Ross. 1(1895) 411, ex
eighe. — kee Hill, ‘Herb. Brit. I, tab. 89) “Exc Gs ike He Now len Gr
Biennial; root fusiform, woody; stem 40—120 cm iMmiohWernecr: short-haired,
angularly and acutely ribbed, branching in upper half; leaves simple- pinnate,
short-haired beneath mainly along nerves, sometimes also above, their
5—10 cm long petioles abruptly expanding to sheath, blade oblong, 2A (0) era
long; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, short-acuminate or obtuse, 2—5 cm long,
1—3 cm wide, toothed, entire or shallowly cut into 1—2 lobes, i@icmauagl B= IlO=
buled. Umbels solitary at tip of stem and branches, 4—8 cm across, of
8—15(20) slightly unequal rays hairy above, or all umbels fertile or lateral
umbels staminate; involucre and involucels lacking; calyx-teeth inconspicu-
ous; petals yellow, rounded, ca. 1.5mm long and as wide, not notched, with
obtuse curved tip; fruit yellowish brown, plano- compressed, rounded-ellip-
tic, 5—6 mm long, 4-59 mm wide; canals solitary in furrows, 2 toward com-
missure. June—July.
Exposed slopes, pastures, roadsides, ploughed fields. — European part:
everywhere; W. Siberia: everywhere; E. Siberia: Yenis.; Caucasus: Cisc.,
Dag., E. and W. Transc. Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. and Atl. Eur.,
Med., Ba.; introduced in N. and S. Am., Australia and New Zealand.
Described from Europe. Type in London.
). Pp. sativa L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262; DC. Prodr. 188: edb Sabla PROS sen le
317: Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Ill, 184.— P. lutea Gilib. Fl. lithuan. IT (1782)
sq). vulearis Bubani, (Hie Pyssens oll (1900) 393.— P. insularis
Rouy et Camus, Fl. Frane. VIl (1901) 374. P. sativa var. typica Kryl.
et Schischk. in Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII (GBS) WI s = 1S Sl a tal eisa QS ial >
naca Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 1, Ill (1767) 21.—Anethum pastinaca
Wibel, Fl. Werth. (1794) 146.— Peucedanum sativum Benth. et
Hook. f. Gen. 1(1862—1867) 920.— P. pastinaca Bewilil, Teblen, Ill; van
(1880) 96,188.— P. pastinaca@, sativum Schmalh. Fl. sr. i yuzhn.
Ross. 1(1895) 411.— Elaphoboscum sativum @. NEI L Cwelram IRibhore, lal
ingr. (1860) 462.—Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. talow,) £41.
Biennial; similar to preceding species but with thick and sweet root;
stem 1—2 m high; leaves usually glabrous on both surfaces. Known only in
cultivation.
Economic importance. Parsnips are known to have been cultivated
as far back as the Middle Ages. Before the introduction of potatoes to
Europe they represented an important food item. Their fleshy roots con-
tain 1.55% nitrous substances, 0.41% fatty substances, and 12.34% carbohy-
drates. Atpresent, Pastinaca is cultivated for use in soups, bouillons, and
in mixed vegetable dishes.
IIs)
(219)
i a
ee
lS
\
SS — ae
ee
PLATE XX, 1—Pastinaca armema Fisch, et Mey.; 2—P.umbrosa Stev.
156
218
221
3. P. umbrosa Stev. ex DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 189; Ldb. Fl. Ross. inl
318.— P. teretiuscula Boiss. Fl. or. 11 (1872) 1060; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
TM, 1842 P. latifolia Ldb. Fl. Ross. ll, 318, non DC. nec eWlikore., —
P. opacavar. tere tiuscula Celak. in Oesterr. bot. Zeitschr. XXVII
GigrTpAzse— e. panacifolia Fisch. ex Sweet. Hort. Brit. ed. II (1830)
251, nom. — Exs.: G@ R.F. No. 1726; Herb. Fl. cauc: No, at7:
Perennial; stem 80—120 cm high, rounded, ca. 1 cm thick, hollow, furrowed,
branching; leaves pinnate, ovate, 20—30 cm long, 10—15 cm wide, short-sca-
brous along nerves above, with short dense, scabrous hairs beneath; leaflets
large, ovate or broadly ovate, 6—10 cm long, 3—6.5 cm wide, crenate-dentate,
sometimes incised, upper often 3-lobed. Umbels 3—8 cm across, the 4—7 rays
hairy especially above; involucre and involucels lacking; umbellets (OAL eran
across; fruit broadly ovoid, 6mm long, 5mm wide, glabrous, dorsal ribs
filiform, marginal expanded. July—August. (Plate XX, Figure 2)
Shrubs, forest edges, fallow fields. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus:
IDES55) Wop tbe and S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: As. Min., Arm. Kurd.
Described from the Crimea. Cotype in Leningrad.
Note. According to Boissier, Steven rejected his Crimean species
described in Prodromus D Cz outaWwie consider the Crimean plant identical
with the species later established by Boissier (P. teretiusc ula Boiss. )
and therefore retain Steven's name, following the rules of nomenclature.
Ae pimpinellifolia. M. ig, I, betie-Canc, (1808) 231-1) Cae coda:
TV OO: aclior TTL BYORISS WL, MSIE se lec intermedia Fisch. et Mey ex
OSS al. yor, oll (1872) 1061; Grossg., Tle eaves ll) 84a ele rq alercaua
pimpinellifolium Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 12.— Malabaila
pimpinellifolia Hoffm. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 126; Boiss. Fl. or. ne
1056; Grossg., Fl. Panik) Millie LOSs wie eu Cerda pimpinellifolium
Schmalh. Fl. sr. i yuzhn. Ross. I (1895) Ani, = 12, Lin’ © we vam © Gl sel ioe
Schmalh. (1895) 1, Gy e.g Ieloiasas Is es talbe wl 1B, ate Gas) JD.
Perennial; root rather thick, vertical; stem 50—90 cm high, erect, ribbed,
more or less stiff haired, branching, rarely simple; leaves ovate- oblong
or ovate-triangular, their petioles as long as blade, blade 15—20 cm long,
8-10 cm wide, bipinnatisect, primary and secondary lobes sessile, oblong,
secondary lobes toothed or pinnatifid, blade with short stiff hairs along
midrib and mainly along nerves above and beneath; upper leaves smaller,
less dissected, sessile on oblong sheath. Umbels 8—12 cm across, of
11—17 prickly- scabrous or subglabrous rays; lateral umbels much smaller;
involucre lacking or of 1—3 hairy leaflets; umbellets ca. 10 mm across;
involucels of 3—5 linear-lanceolate, thinly acuminate, ultimately recurved
leaflets; fruit broadly ovoid, 3—4 mm long, 2.5—-3 mm wide, with 3 protruding
dorsal and expanded lateral ribs, with sparse short stiff hairs outside or
glabrous; canals 2 toward commissure, not converging and not reaching
7/, length of mericarp. TL, Miety—diwine,” Jie July—August.
Shrubs and meadow slopes. — Caucasus: Cisc., E. (near Tbilisi) and
W. Transc. (Novorossiisk district). Endemic. Described from Terek
River and Georgievsk. Type in Leningrad.
5. P, armena Fisch. et Mey. in Hohenacker, Enum. Elisabethpol. (1833)
225: Ldb. Fl. Ross. 11, 319; Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 1061; Grossg., pile, Keaw:key elle
157
222
184,— P. pimpinellifolia var, alpina M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808)
237.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2622; Pl. orient. exsic. No. 343.
Perennial; root vertical or as cending; stem 20—60 cm high, erect, angular-
ly ribbed, slightly branching, with sparse soft hairs; petioles of lower cauline
and radical leaves much shorter than blade, blade 5—7 cm long, 2—3 cm wide,
pinnate, with ovate, broadly ovate or oblong lobes, shallowly cut or acutely
toothed primary lobes, covered with sparse short stiff hairs; upper leaves
smaller, less dissected, sessile on expanded sheath. Umbels 2—4(5) em
across, of 2—6 scabrous-hairy, unequal rays; common involucre lacking or
of 1 reflexed leaflet; umbellets ca. 1.5cm across; involucels of 1—3 linear-
lanceolate acuminate leaflets; fruit glabrous or slightly pubescent, broadly
ovoid, 5mm long, 4mm wide, with 3 filiform dorsal and winglike broadening
lateral ribs; canals in valleculae narrow, nearly reaching base of fruit, 2
canals toward commissure, almost reaching base of fruit. July—August.
(Plate XX, Figure 1.)
Subalpine and alpine meadows, mountain forest glades, to 3,000 m., —
Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W., E. and S. Transc. Gen... distr. : As. Min.
(Pontus Range), Arm.-Kurd. Described from Saraiol Mountain and Shusha
fortress. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The fruits contain from 0.16 to 0.25% of an oil
smelling like octyl alcohol.
6. P. aurantiaca (Alb.) Kolak., Fl. Abkhazia, III (1948) 243.— Mala-
baila aurantiaca Alb. in Tr. Tifl. Bot, Sada, I (1895) 117; Grossg.,
Fl. Kavk. III, 192.— M. chrysantha Alb. lc. (1895) 117; Grosso jek
vii ho2— Po lehay sania Keele im. Bulle Socy Nat: /Moscan Ness:
XXIX (1915) 212.
Perennial; multicaulescent plant; stem 15—25 cm high, like petioles and
lower part of sheaths covered with fine spreading white hairs, furrowed,
branching; radical leaves long-petioled, ovate, bipinnatisect, primary lobes
ovate, dissected into broad linear, short lobules with short mucro; lower
cauline leaves oblong, primary lobes larger than in radical leaves, dissected
into linear-oblong, short-acuminate, often pinnatifid, dentate lobules; upper
leaves with slightly developed blade reduced almost to sheath. Umbels of
9—6 rays covered with short dense bristles: involucre lacking or of 1—2
setaceous caducous leaflets lanceolate at base; umbellet rays densely bristly;
involucels of many setaceous leaflets: petals bright golden; fruit ovoid-
globular, covered with sparse bristly hairs and with narrow, thickened margin;
canals narrow, solitary under valleculae and 2 nearly parallel, not divergent
canals toward commissure. July—August.
Alpine meadows. — Caucasus: Main Range (W.), W. Transe. Endemic.
Described from Kyttsykhr Range, Khag Mountain and sources of the Mzymta
River. Type in Geneva.
Notes the description of Piais timalc ay imw ol ue cana C. Koch from
Transcaucasia (in Linnaea, XVI1(1842) 359; K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
N.S. XXIX, 112), which agrees with Boissier's report (Fl. or. II, 1062
in obs.), refers to fruits of Heracleum and leaves of © popa hax se it
should be excluded from the Flora of the USSR as nonexistent.
158
223
Genus 1068. | SYMPHYOLOMA * C. A. M.**
Cc. A. M. Verz. Pflanz. Cauc. (1831) 127
Calyx-teeth indistinct; petals white or purple, notched, contracting with
inward curved limb. Mericarps not separating, dorsally compressed, nearly
flat, circular, truncate above, rounded below; ribs slightly protruding, sub-
filiform, 3 dorsal ribs slightly approximate; oil tubes indistinct, inside ribs.
Hypendocarp developed but not extending to rib; endocarp uninterrupted,
surrounded by adnate pericarp of both fruitlets. Small, acaulescent peren-
nials, with thick root and rosette of radical leaves, umbels and some um-
bellets with flowers; involucre and involucels lacking.
N ote. A single species endemic to the upper reaches of the Main Range
of the Caucasus. Its taxonomic position is vague. Boissier has compared
it with a species of Pastinaca, section Porphyrantha Boiss. Kozo-Poly-
anskii included it in the tribe Azolleae, subfamily Hydrocotyloideae, almost
indistinguishable from the South American A-zolla. He subsequently claimed
for it characters distinguishing it from Pastinaca, with which some
authors wanted to unite it (Koso- Poljansky, Sciadophyt. System. Lineamenta,
Maminssayl ypu 27 (in Bull) Secs Nat. Moses)1917). In his) revision) of the
subfamily Hydrocotyloideae (Notulae Syst. ex Herb. Petrop. vol. V),
Symphyoloma is definitely included in this subfamily.
IMs. jgraveolens, GAvAl Mi Verz. Pflanz. Kauc. «(183l) 12m diy ine
ROSS alo Os ols s. ew ommiimlOGSINGrosse.. (luikavie, Mier
Siymuerastep a eC aa wal pmunialC. eae gi ara nero — Tew kK. Pol. Sciladopliyai. sys
Lineamenta, Mantissa, I, p. 277. \
Perennial; plant 5—15(25)cm high; root thickened, 15—25 cm long, to
18(20) mm thick in upper part, with sweet carrot-like taste (according to
collector's label); entire plant covered with fine hairs; stem not developed;
leaves radical, 5—9 cm long, pinnatisect, their lobes 1—2-paired, lower
lobes ovate, slightly discrete, terminal lobes much larger than lower,
cordate at base, 15—30mm long, 12—20 mm wide, sometimes only one terminal
lobe developed; all lobes obtusely crenate. Umbels on 15—20mm long
peduncles, of 5—7 unequal rays; also produced from root neck are some
umbellets on 15—25 cm long peduncles; involucre and involucels lacking;
umbellets, subglobular, 8-12 mm across with numerous flowers; pedicels
more densely hairy than rest of plant, twice as long as flowers; fruit
4—5 mm long, plano-urceolate, glabrous, ribs filiform, faintly protruding;
carpophore lacking, stylopodium triangular-conical. July—August.
Rocky taluses, rarely high mountain meadows or pastures, in upper
reaches of the Main Range in the Caucasus, from 2,700 to 4,000 m. —
Caucasus: Cise:, W. and E. Transc. (Main Range only). Endemic. De-
scribed from shaly taluses in Tufan-Dagh Mountain. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. The roots have a sweetish rather agreeable
taste and may be used as food.
* Treatment by I,P.Mandenova.
““ From the Greek symphyo — I grow; loma — joint.
159
(225)
Rare ee = Bo
Re ae yk!
AP Ren ee D
eet
PLATE XXI, 1 —Ormosciadium pulchrum Schischk.; 2—Cymbocarpum wiedemannii
Boiss. — Schematic drawing of cross sections of mericarps; 3—Oedibasis apiculata (Kar. et
Kir.) K.-Pol.; 4—Oe. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov.; 5—Oe,platycarpa
(Lipsky) K.-Pol.; 6 —Korovinia tenuisecta (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Nevski et Vved.
160
Genus 1069. HERACLEUM * L. **
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 249.— Sphondylium Mill. Dict. (1754); Hoffm. Umbell. (1814) 129.—
Wendia Hoffm. Umbell. (1814) 136.—-SemenoviaRgl. et Herd. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXXIx,
3 (1866) 79.—Pastinaca sect. Ill Heracleum Calest in Webbia, I (1905) 248
Flowers in terminal umbel fertile, in lateral often sterile, calyx 5-toothed,
224 rarely obsolete, petals obovate, more or less deeply notched or 2-lobed,
white, rarely greenish yellow or bright pink, peripheral petals usually
markedly enlarged; fruit much flattened dorsally, oval, oboval to rounded or
elliptic, 3 dorsal ribs approximate, 2 narrowly filiform marginal ribs ad-
jacent to more or less swollen, winged borders of mericarp; canals solitary
in valleculae, sometimes with weakly developed accessory canals, usually
2 canals toward commissure, sometimes these not developed, toward basal
end canals more or less clavate, usually much shortened dorsally and at
commissure, rarely canals not expanded at base; endosperm enclosed in
dense envelope of mechanical tissue, interval between this and lateral ribs
thinner, transparent, of several layers of mechanical tissue; stylopodium
conical or semi-spherical in fruit, with undulant margin; carpophore bi-
partite. Monocarpic, biennial, rarely perennial herbs, with thickened root.
Up to 70 species in the northern temperate zone, particularly in the
mountains of Europe, Asia and America; in the south, from the Himalayas
and S. India to Ceylon; also reported from the mountainous parts of
Ethiopia in Africa.
Economic importance. Species of Heracleum (dyki — Georgian,
bokh — Armenian, boldyrgan — Azerbaidzhanian) are widely used by local
populations. Parts of the young plant are eaten fresh or marinated. The
leaves and fruits contain large quantities of essential oil. Available chemi-
cal analyses are not reported here because the determination of the species
usually arouses great doubt. Air-dried leaves contain about 1.25% essen-
tial oil, the fruits 0.23—1.75%. Some species have a strong skin-irritant
effect sometimes even causing severe burns. For accurate determination
ripe fruits are necessary.
Zat
i, Canals septate for entire length, dorsal canals tapering toward
lower end, pointed (Section 4. Apiifolia)..........+++++++5+-: 2.
ay Canals not septate, dorsal canals more or less clavately expanding
EOWPAG CASTS tte 1 tee eR een NS AEE SATET Ter ey av toil wei: elroy elton Cog oleetciautRt Bo
3. Leaflets of involucre and involucels numerous, large; leaflets of
involucels about as long as flowering umbellets. Umbels of 4—8
rays, leaf segment usually deeply pinnatisect, sheaths markedly
Sullewegecl «5 6 g.o 37. H. transiliense (Rgl. et Herd.) O. et B. Fedtsch.
a Leaflets of involucre not developed, those of involucel small,
Tinmieetraa CURR Malaya eae woh gaiaT Mek awta ee RUE UN, Pale AY SE Stee ce ens fone eeinee
4, Calyx-teeth distinct; anthers olive-colored; fruit 9-10 mm long,
5—6 mm wide; canals 7/4 length of commissure ( Carina) d od caeatest he Vaal
35. H. ligusticifolium M. B.
* Treatment by I.P. Mandenova.
** Name derived from Pliny, after Hercules.
161
228
13.
14,
IED)
Calyx-teeth indistinct; anthers purple; fruit smaller, 5—7 mm
long, 4—5 mm wide; canals Te or os length of commissure
(Gapeaswe) lac ik ei nina Mice bay a) Le aa ange 34. H. apiifolium Boiss.
Dorsal canals proximally narrow, with abrupt large sacciform
expansion, commissural canals broad, clavate; leaves ternate
or pinnate-compound (Section 2. Pubeseetitia tp. ini a i 6.
Dorsal canals broad or narrow, gradually slightly expanded at
lower end; leaves simple, ternate or pinnate compound 2 /.))\ Seemann 13
Umbels.of 12520 mays i204 eres Wo Nb 9 cs tbe a @
Umibels, off 40-5610 ray sy itis / Sat seg eyes a haku, 30,8 Oy aide er St
Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, peripheral petals slightly
cnilacmedaGCaucasis))\ 5 4iasn aime atee aan 20. H. sommieri Manden.
Leaves short-haired beneath, peripheral petals markedly enlarged
(COSTA =te) et Pe LAR i a aie Ge vi a aly WE 2A 15. H. pubescens M. B.
Leaves usually ternate, rarely pinnate-compound; disk finely
tuberculate in flower, rugose;tuberculate in fruit 0. ae 3).
Leaves usually pinnate- compound, rarely ternate; disk smooth
in flower) longitudinally sugese inl fruit <)/.\4):) . dale 12
Plant subglabrous or slightly hairy; rays of umbels and umbellets
covered with soft spreading hairs or glabrous (.’. i % eee 10
Plant more or less densely hairy; rays of umbels and umbellets
finelyyscabrous-hairy "i. \ 2). aks.) ibe
Fruit ellipsoid, 10-11 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, at most slightly
Papers LOpIASe .. 5 scitenu berdetakian cn 16. H. mantegazzianum Somm. et Ley.
Fruit oblong-obovoid, 12—14mm long, 5—6 mm wide, strongly
(CULM S2 USN idl OENSI ENR te aetna OME GY HEP Sw MR * 17. H. grossheimii Manden.
Leaf segments rather shallowly cut into3 or 5 lobes ...........
SCO Fall as SMC areNS GALS Dee ner sony 1-14 aie pum von Tope IN Alt 19. H. sosnowskyi Manden.
Leaf segments pinnatifid into lanceolate, strongly attenuate
ey eulambaeienikol avers ge) 5 eae Mme men 18. H. wilhelmsii Fisch. et Lall.
Fruit oblong or ovoid-oblong, with diffuse long thin hairs
(emt Asia) sik Aim oh We Pe TAO 22. H. lehmannianum Bge.
Fruit obovoid or broadly obovoid, with dense long scarious hairs
dorsally, with fine, spinose hairs along winglike border (S. Transc.)
SE Rala MR aga 9) sass, 4. 6: os Fagy chic aa ha oie teem a NS AN care ce 21. H. trachyloma Fisch. et Mey.
Dorsal canals broad, sometimes entirely occupying valleculae.... 14,
Dorsal canals narrow, commissural canals usually slightly
broader (Section 1. Huheracleurn)'s ys sees ees ae Ayana on hee
segments, dense, with hairy largely toothed margin, hairy along
nerves beneath, elsewhere glabrous; sheaths of cauline leaves
oblong) Umibelisor 8 — la(20))nrews ety) ies eee. 23. H. seabrum Alb.
162
Se
230
16.
24.
Zon
26.
Leaves usually finely pubescent, rarely glabrous above, more or
less densely hairy to white-tomentose beneath; sheaths of cauline
leaves markedly expanding, sometimes with toothed margin.
AOmmalselisuruciny snaqnec (310A O(N) ess aki 4 Lek) lei) Lieaiee rede eta ois te 16.
Plants 20—40(60)cm high; leaves simple, rarely ternate or pinnate-
compound, peripheral petals very much enlarged, to 10mm long...
bers ig aR a ie iS 0 gee NE Une ROU rank RC ariae it 27. H. grandiflorum Stev.
Plants larger, to 1m high; leaves always simple; peripheral
perailspmot. stoma, emerged se.) raat vet |=) platy Kol., Ang.-Say., Dau.; Par HastOkh.,) ZAe>;Bu.,. Uday Ussaa sake
Centre AsiaDz7u.=hach.; a. ‘sha Gentidistrs: Dzumkeishy (Monies (Tannu-
Ola). Described from Altai. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. Young shoots and leaves are eaten marinated,
the stripped stems are eaten fresh. According to Reverdatto, the plant is
readily eaten by sheep.
Lis) Ee barbatum kdb: Fl. salt; (1829) 300;4j. ml. Rossi) 1L,43220—
Ho dalsis cet um \barbat wm kKry ly ik, Ali) (L908) S34-hikcayemae
Aap ius Vv Lien 20 00a le: ibd le; tla Rossh tabsysi03)
239 Biennial or perennial, to 1m high; stem furrowed, with spreading hairs;
leaves pinnate- compound with 2 pairs of lateral ovate-oblong segments
deeply pinnatifid into oblong, entire, acuminate, serrate lobes; leaves with
small, sparse, appressed hairs above, with more or less dense spreading
hairs beneath. Umbels many-rayed,involucre lacking, leaflets of involucels
lanceolate-linear, unequal, all rays with soft, spreading hairs; flowers white;
peripheral petals enlarged, 2-lobed; ovary pubescent; fruit obovoid or broad-
ly ellipsoid, 8—9 mm long, 5—7 mm wide, glabrous or with remote, delicate
hairs; dorsal canals We length of fruit, commissural canals broader, a length
of fruit; stylopodium conical; styles usually twice as long as stylopodium.
July—August.
Forest edges, glades. — W. Siberia: Irt., Alt. Endemic. Described from
Altai. Type in Leningrad.
12°7Ee Jcolehicum Lipsky in Tr) Bot) Sada, X1V; 2)(1898) 206: Grossar
Fils Kavksolll. '873— H. siph ondy launnivar ve hewlans Akinf. sie i sieimiae:
Kavk. (1894) 204, non Thell. —H. ponticum var. mingrelicum
Schischk. in sched.— H. mingrelicum Lesk. in sched.— ? H. freynia-
num Somm. et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital. (1895) 81; in Tr. Bot. Sada,
XVI (1900) 196.
Biennial or perennial; root neck densely covered with remnants of sheaths;
stem usually 80—100, very rarely 25—30 cm high, deeply furrowed; radical
leaves with long petioles, pinnate-compound, usually of 2—3, rarely 1 pair of
oblong-ovate segments, first petioluled, others sessile, their segments more
or less deeply pinnatifid into lanceolate, acuminate, irregularly large-toothed
lobules; cauline leaves similar, more deeply pinnatisect (sometimes to mid-
rib) into narrower lobules, lower cauline leaves with shorter petioles, upper
on expanded sheaths with fine remote hairs above, usually with dense soft
silvery hairs, rarely with remote hairs beneath. Umbels of 12—15(20) rays,
all rays with more or less dense spreading hairs, leaflets of involucre few,
lanceolate, usually deciduous, leaflets of involucels unequal, few, lanceolate-
linear; flowers white or faintly yellowish; peripheral petals slightly enlarged;
anthers olive-colored; ovary densely and finely pubescent; fruit obovoid or
170
|
|
)
240 obovoid-globular, 8—9 mm long, 6—7 mm wide, distinctly notched, with remote
241
scabrous hairs, covered with very small, appressed, antrorse hairs; dorsal
canals to */, length of fruit, commissural broader, slightly divergent, ¥/. length
of fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; styles as long as stylopodium or
Slightly longer.
Alpine belt, stony taluses, moraines. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (southern
slopes of Main Range). Described after specimens from the sources of the
Mzymta River, near Lake Kardabach. Type in Leningrad.
Note. A polymorphic species, varying in pubescence and size of leaf
and in its degree of dissection. Plants from Svanetia and Megrelia usually
differ somewhat from those of Abkhazia by the more elongate lobules and
the more tapering fruits at the base. This form was first studied by B. K.
Shishkin, followed by A. I. Leskov, who considered it a distinct species,
H. migrelicum Lesk. In view of the above-mentioned variability there
is no ground for an independent status. It fully agrees with H. freynia-
num Somm. et Lev., described from Svanetia. The only discrepancy is
the broad dorsal canals which may be due to the observation by the authors
of unripe fruits.
leeete caleareum Ne Alb. jin irs Pifl, Bot. Sada, 1 (1895) il6- Grosser
HE Kayvk] Til, 183.
Perennial; taproot long, its neck densely covered with fragments of dead
sheaths; stem 40—60 cm high, thin, deeply furrowed; radical leaves long-
petioled, pinnate-compound, usually of 3 pairs of remote segments, first
petioluled, others sessile, segments deeply pinnatisect to midrib into oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, obliquely antrorse decurrent, shallowly and remotely
pinnatifid lobules; cauline leaves similar, lower with shorter petioles, upper
on expanded sheath; all leaves usually glabrous, rarely with very sparse
small hairs above and beneath. Umbels of 8—10 rays, all rays glabrous
or with remote fine papilliform hairs, involucre lacking, leaflets of involu-
cels few, 1—3, lanceolate-linear; flowers white; peripheral petals slightly
enlarged, obovate, shallowly 2-lobed; anthers yellow; ovary glabrous or
like rays covered with fine papilliform hairs; fruit oblong-obovoid, 8—9 mm
long, 5—6 mm wide, hardly notched, canals unequal, 7 length of mericarp,
commissural canals slightly broader, short, as or “Ih length of mericarp;
stylopodium broadly conical; styles not longer than stylopodium. July—
August.
Limestone taluses in alpine belt, 2,200—2,300 m. — Caucasus: W. Transc.
(N. Abkhazia). Endemic. Described from Kutysh Mountain. Type in
Geneva.
Note. In his diagnosis Albov mentions the total absence of hairs; later
collections showed the plant to be sometimes more or less pubescent. It
is very close to H. colchicum Lipsky, from which it differs by the
deeper dissection of the leaf segments, longer fruits and much shorter
canals.
14. H. osseticum Manden. in Zam. po sist. 1 geogr. r. bil. Bot. inst.
PaCS 0) Lon Lewd Cot? tals 3.
Perennial; rhizome long, multicipital, bearing sterile rosettes of leaves;
stem 20—50 cm high, thin, virgate, narrowly furrowed, glabrous; leaves
171
mainly crowded at base of stem, glabrous, pinnate- compound, long-petioled,
ovate, of 2-3 pairs of largely toothed segments, first long-petioluled, broadly
ovate, more or less deeply lobate-incised, sometimes ternate, second pair
short-petioluled, third sessile, terminal segment 3-lobed; few cauline leaves
reduced to expanded sheath with lanceolate, incised blade or to sheath only.
Umbels of 4—10 rays, all rays with fine, papilliform hairs, involucre lacking
or of 1 ovate or subrounded, usually deciduous leaflet, leaflets of involucels
1—3, small, ovate, also usually deciduous; flowers white; ovary glabrous;
calyx-teeth inconspicuous; peripheral flowers in umbellets slightly enlarged,
their peripheral petals to 5 mm long, 2-lobed for “Ib or “lee lobes broad, slightly
divergent; anthers olive-colored; euro e aly obovoid, 8-10 mm long, 5-7 mm
wide; dorsal canals e/emcuing to 1b length of fruit, rarely slightly more,
commissural canals ai length of fruit, sometimes hardly discernible; stylo-
podium broadly conical, with undulant margin; styles twice as long as stylo-
podium. August—September.
Alpine belt, 2,400—3,200 m, taluses. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (southern
slope of central part of Main Range, Racha, Mamisonskii pass and S. Osetia).
Bademic, Described from S) Osetia, “Mype in Moisi,
Section 2, PUBESCENTIA Manden. Kavk. vidy Heracl. (1950) 43. —
sect. sSphonmdylium DC. lc! pip. sphondyli um Hottim. (peormeny)
l.c.p. p. — Flowers white, canals narrow at back, then abruptly, sacciformly
242 broadening at lower end, reaching 2/,— 3/4 the length of fruit.
Series 1. Pubescentia Manden. — Disk narrowly conical in fruit, with
longitudinal wrinkles.
15. H. pubescens M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 225, s. str. (excl.
pl. cauc.).— Pastinaca pubescens Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 246.
Biennial or perennial; plant 60—80cm high; stem deeply furrowed, hairy;
leaves ternate or pinnate-compound, of 2 pairs of lateral segments, first
short-petioluled, second sessile, segments ovate, pinnatifid into oblong,
acuminate, unequally serrate-dentate lobes; leaves glabrous above, finely
pubescent beneath. Umbels small, 10—12 cm across, of 18—20 rays, all
rays with soft spreading hairs; involucre usually lacking, involucels of
few leaflets; flowers white; ovary with dense soft spreading hairs; calyx-
teeth distinct; peripheral petals enlarged; fruit broadly obovoid, 13—14mm
long, 8-10 mm wide, glabrous or with thin hairs, sometimes with fine prick-
ly hairs along margin; dorsal canals */, length of fruit, commissural to h:
stylopodium narrow, conical; styles longer than stylopodium. July—August.
Moist, shady localities. - European part: Crim. (southern coast).
Endemic. Described from near Nikita village. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Mantegazziana Manden. — Disk in flower finely tuberculate,
in fruit broadly or narrowly conical, prominently tuberculate-rugose.
172
243
244
16. H. mantegazzianum Somm. et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital.
Nuova ser. Il, 2 (1895) 79; Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900) 193; Grossg., Fl.
eeu iiontcon licen wisn GOL. Saday oovVir ekalblies tates
Perennial; plant 2—2.5 (to 3)m high; stem furrowed-ribbed, sparsely
hairy; leaves glabrous or remotely pubescent beneath; radical and lower
cauline leaves usually ternate, lateral segments petioluled, oblong-ovate,
pinnatifid into triangular-lanceolate lobules, usually markedly elongate,
acuminate, terminal segment deeply pinnatisect into oblong, shallowly
pinnatifid, usually much elongated acuminate lobules; upper leaves rather
reduced, with strongly expanding sheath. Umbels very large, many-rayed,
all rays spreading-hairy; leaflets of involucre and involucels linear-subulate;
flowers white; ovary densely spreading-hairy; calyx-teeth distinct, triangular,
green; peripheral petals much enlarged, deeply 2-lobed; anthers olive-
colored; fruit ellipsoid, 10-11 mm long, 6—7mm wide, hardly tapering at base,
covered with few very remote marginal spines, dorsally glabrous or covered
with sparse thin hairs; dorsal canals 3/,, commissural to 7 or nearly ib
length of fruit; stylopodium conical, tuberculate-rugose; styles three times
as long as stylopodium. July—August.
Upper forest belt, ravines, forest glades, forest edges, tall herbaceous
cover. — Caucasus: Cise., W. Transc. (N.). Endemic.
Economic importance. Widely cultivated ornamental of W. European
parks and gardens.
17. H. grossheimii Manden. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949)
238: Manden., Kavk. vidy roda Heracleum (1950) 47.
Biennial or perennial; plant 1—1.5m high; stem deeply furrowed-ribbed,
densely spreading-hairy; leaves pale green, glabrous above, paler with fine
remote hairs beneath; lower leaves ternate, rarely pinnate- compound, and
then first pair of segments short-petioluled, second sessile; lateral seg-
ments ovate, pinnatifid into lanceolate, strongly acuminate lobules, terminal
segment subrounded, deeply pinnatifid, lobes ovate- oblong, deeply pinnatifid
into lanceolate, strongly acuminate lobules; upper leaves on much expanded,
finely pubescent sheath, ternate or simple, deeply pinnatisect. Umbels
large, many-rayed, all rays covered with spreading, pedunculate-glandular
and thin, simple hairs; leaflets of involucre and involucels linear-subulate,
unequal; flowers white; ovary densely spreading-hairy; calyx-teeth distinct,
triangular, green; peripheral petals much enlarged, deeply 2-lobed; anthers
purple; fruit oblong-obovoid, 12—14 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, cuneately taper-
ing to base, subglabrous or with very remote, thin, long hairs, sometimes
with few prickly hairs at base and at upper margin of fruit; dorsal canals
of mericarp 2/3,lateral and commissural short, sometimes “Ie length of fruit;
stylopodium narrowly conical, tuberculate-rugose; styles 3—4 times as long
as stylopodium. July—August.
Upper forest belt, glades, forest edges and paths. — Caucasus: W. Transc.
(Guria, Imeretia). Endemic. Described from specimens collected by Gross-
geim in Guria near Bakhmaro. Type in Tbilisi.
18. H. wilhelmsii Fisch. et Lallem. in Index sem. Hort. Petrop. VI
(1840) 51; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 325; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. HI, 15 == Isl, jo wloS =
een ilinellnesbolsca Hn leyors (sie) V0sse
173
245
Perennial; plant 1—1.5(2)m high; stem deeply furrowed, ribbed, densely
hairy; leaves glabrous above, densely and finely pubescent beneath; radical
and lower cauline leaves ternate, rarely pinnate-compound, of 2 pairs of
lateral segments, first short-petioluled, second sessile; segments ovate,
oblique, pinnatifid into lanceolate, acuminate lobules, terminal segment
subrounded, deeply pinnatifid into ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid lobes,
with lanceolate, strongly acuminate lobules; upper leaves reduced, with
strongly expanding sheath. Umbels large, to 40—50 cm across, many-rayed,
all rays with fine scabrous pubescence, leaflets of involucre and involucels
linear-subulate, unequal; flowers white; ovary densely hairy; calyx-teeth
very distinct, triangular, green; peripheral petals much enlarged, 10—12 mm
long, deeply 2-lobed; anthers dark purple; fruit obovoid, 10—13 mm long,
7—9 mm wide, with dense antrorse, curved, prickly, sometimes mixed with
long scarious hairs, rarely prickly hairs confined to margin and base,
dorsal surface with long, scarious, entangled hairs; dorsal canals */,,com-
missural 1b length of fruit, stylopodium conical, tuberculate-rugose; styles
2—3 times as long as stylopodium. July—August.
Upper forest and subalpine belt. — Caucasus: E. Transc. Endemic.
Described after specimens grown from seeds obtained by Wilhelms from
Georgia (near Bakuriani-Kodiani). Type in Leningrad.
19. H. sosnowskyi Manden. in Zam. po sist. i geogr. r. Thil. Bot. Inst.
12 (1944) 17; Kavk. vidy r. Heracleum, 42.— H. pubescens auct. fl.
(GENESIO OL
Biennial or perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, cylindrical, deeply furrowed,
sparingly pubescent; radical and lower cauline leaves ternate, sometimes
pinnate-compound, of 2 pairs of lateral segments, first short-petioluled,
second sessile; lateral segments broadly ovate or subrounded, oblique,
rather shallowly, usually 3-, rarely 5-fid into broadly ovate lobes, terminal
segment rounded, more or less deeply trifid into broadly ovate, slightly
lobed-incised lobes; upper leaves reduced, with expanded sheath and usually
with entire, trilobate blade; leaves glabrous above, with fine spreading hairs
beneath. Umbels large, many-rayed, all rays finely scabrous-hairy, leaf-
lets of involucre and involucels linear-subulate, with slightly expanded base;
flowers white; ovary spreading-hairy; calyx-teeth distinct, triangular,
green; peripheral petals enlarged; fruit obovoid, oblong or broadly ellipsoid,
10—12 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, with sparse long hairs on dorsal surface and
few prickly hairs along margin and base; dorsal canals */4, commis-
sural Io length of fruit, broad; stylopodium semispherical, tuberculate- rugose;
styles 2—3 times as long as stylopodium. July—August.
Middle and upper forest belt, forest edges, glades, etc. — Caucasus:
W. Transc. (Adzharia), E. Transc., Dag. Endemic. Described from
Georgia ( Meskhetia- Adigen district, on the road to Lelovani yaila). Type
in Tbilisi.
20. H. sommieri Manden. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 237;
Manden., Kavk. vidy r. Heracleum (1950) 51.—H. pubescens var.
glabratum Somm. et Lev. in Tr. Bot. ‘Sada, XV1'(1900) 192" Grosse:
Hi avin MS S9e
60116 7 174
Biennial, perennial; stem to 50cm high, deeply furrowed- ribbed, sub-
glabrous in lower part, with dense spreading hairs in upper part; radical
and cauline leaves ternate, with short-petioluled, ovate, oblique lateral seg-
ments, more or less deeply pinnatifid into ovate, acuminate lobules, terminal
segment drawn back from lateral, broadly ovate or subrounded, more or
less deeply pinnatifid into ovate-oblong, sometimes shallowly pinnatifid
lobules; the few upper cauline leaves with expanded, slightly pubescent sheath
and small, pinnatisect blade; all leaves glabrous at both surfaces, more or
less regularly and largely crenate-dentate, with finely ciliate margin.
Umbels of 12—14 rays, all rays densely spreading-hairy, leaflets of involucre
subulate- elongate, with slightly expanded base, of involucels lanceolate,
unequal; flowers white; ovary densely spreading-hairy; calyx-teeth very
distinct; peripheral petals rather slightly enlarged, 2-lobed to middle;
anthers olive-colored; fruit with sparse gossamer hairs; dorsal canals
4/4, commissural 7/, length of fruit. July—August.
Subalpine meadows. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Svanetia). Endemic.
Described from Svanetia (Latal'). Type in Tbilisi.
Series 3. Trachyloma Manden.— Disk in fruit broadly conical or semi-
spherical, with longitudinal wrinkles.
21. H. trachyloma Fisch. et Mey. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. I (1834)
ZOPeiidiwhlasRoss. Uiivs24- Grosse. (lt Wav. Mk 189) — rier piulloiels’eremis
var. trachyloma Boiss. Fl. or. 11 (1872) 1044.
Biennial or perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, deeply furrowed-ribbed, with
dense spreading hairs; lower leaves pinnate-compound, of 2—3 pairs of
lateral segments, first petioluled, others sessile, segments ovate or ovate-
oblong, oblique, deeply pinnatifid into ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate
lobules, terminal segment subrounded, deeply cut into ovate-oblong, more
or less deeply pinnatifid lobes with ovate acuminate lobules; upper leaves
reduced, with expanded hairy sheath. Umbels large, many-rayed, all rays
spreading-hairy, leaflets of involucre lanceolate, of involucels lanceolate-
ovate, with ciliate-hairy margin; flowers white; ovary densely spreading-
hairy; calyx-teeth distinct; peripheral petals enlarged; fruit 7-11 mm long,
5—7 mm wide, obovoid or globular-obovoid, dorsal surface densely covered
with long scarious hairs, margin with fine, antrorse, prickly hairs; dorsal
canals */,, commissural ab length of fruit; stylopodium semispherical, with
longitudinal wrinkles; styles as long as or twice as long as stylopodium.
July—August.
Forest edges, meadows outside forests, slopes of gorges, banks of
mountain streams. — Caucasus: S. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.- Kurd.
Described from specimens collected by Sovich in Armenia (Shikhlyar).
Type in Leningrad.
22. H. lehmannianum Bge. in Delect. sem. Hort. Dorpat. (1850) 2; Ej.
in Mém. Ac. Sec. Pétersb. VII (1854) 311; Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 1045.
Biennial or perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, deeply furrowed, hairy; leaves
pinnate-compound, of 2—3 pairs of lateral segments, first short-petioluled,
others sessile, segments ovate, pinnatifid into ovate, largely and unequally
175
247
toothed acuminate lobes, leaves glabrous above, usually with sparse hairs,
rarely with dense, short, spreading hairs beneath. Umbels large, many-
rayed (45—50), all rays with soft spreading hairs; involucre usually lacking,
leaflets of involucels many, lanceolate-linear; flowers white; ovary spread-
ing-hairy; calyx-teeth distinct; peripheral petals much enlarged, 10—15 mm
long; fruit oblong or ovoid- opTones PO==h2 imma long, 6—& mm wide, with sparse |
long thin hairs; dorsal canals */,, commissural to 7/2 length of fruit; stylo-
podium broadly conical, with longitudinal wrinkles; styles usually twice as
long as stylopodium. July—August.
Subalpine belt, from 1,500 to 2,400m, in damp habitats, usually river- |
banks. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from near Samarkand. |
DD jove alin) TE euls).
Economic importance. The plant may be used for the extraction of
anethole. The leaves contain 0.3% oil per fresh weight of leaves, 80% of
which is essential oil. The unripe fruits yield 2.07% essential oil and 25%
fatty oil.
Section 3. VILLOSA Manden. Kavk. vidy r. Heracleum (1950) 55. —
Sect. Sphondylium DC. l.c.p.p.—Sphondylium Hoffm. (pro gen.)
1. c. p. p. — Flowers white, canals with more or less uniform clavate proximal ex-
pansion, Gets Ly broad, sometimes filling up median valleculae, “I, — oe
pany to 7D length of fruit, commissural canals broad or narrow, usually
4%» or /3 length of fruit.
Note. Morphologically, this section represents a characteristic, slightly
xerophytic group of species from the Caucasus, Crimea and Asia Minor.
The species separated by us — H. steveni and H. antasiaticum —
as wellas H. leskovii Grossh., separated by the authors of ''Flora of the
Crimea and the Caucasus,'' have commonly been classed with H. villosum
Fisch. Although the latter epithet has priority, we reject it, since Fischer's
description refers to a plant of unknown origin cultivated in the Gorenkovskii
garden. A brief diagnosis of H. villosum Fisch. was published in Syste-
ma Vegetabilium Roem. et Schult, with locality given as Siberia. However,
no species of this section grows there. In this section also there are some-
times observed narrower accessory canals in the valleculae.
The dubious species of section Villosa was Bunge's type of Ba rysoma.
Accessory canals are sometimes also observed in members of other sections
of the genus but are of no decisive taxonomic importance.
23. H. scabrum Alb. in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada, 1(1895) 115; Grossg., FI.
Kavk. III, 184.
Biennial or perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, thin, furrowed- ribbed, usually
glabrous in lower part, scabrous-hairy in upper part; radical and lower
cauline leaves long-petioled, ternate, lateral segments petioluled, ovate,
248 oblique, deeply notched-lobed on outside, slightly so inside, terminal seg-
ment subrounded, cordate, usually 3-lobed nearly to base, lateral lobes
ovate or ovate-oblong, median broadly ovate, trifid, rarely leaves pinnate-
compound, of 2 pairs of lateral segments, second pair sessile, terminal
segment trifid, with cuneate, decurrent base; upper leaves few, much re-
duced, with oblong, slightly expanding sheath, uppermost reduced to sheath
176
and small, entire, usually 3-lobed blade; leaves hard, fleshy, glabrous above,
bearing prickly hairs along large-toothed margin, and along nerves beneath.
Umbels of 8—12(20) rays, all rays very unequal with dense spreading papilli-
from hairs; leaflets of involucre 1—3, usually deciduous, of involucels many,
unequal, with expanded base long and filiformly attenuate; flowers white;
peripheral petals enlarged; ovary densely covered with long spreading
hairs; calyx-teeth distinct, triangular, acuminate, with scarious border;
fruit broadly obovoid, 8-10 mm long, 7—8 mm wide, dorsal surface with
remote hairs; dorsal canals narrower than vallecular, usually not exceed-
ing a length of fruit, commissural broad, very short, not exceeding ds
length of fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; styles as long as or slightly
longer than stylopodium. July—September.
Middle, rarely upper mountain belt, light forest glades, clearings, some-
times on exposed slopes.— Caucasus: W. Transc. (western part of Main
Range). Endemic. Described from Oshten. Type in Geneva.
24. H. stevenii Manden. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 238;
Manden., Kavk. vidy genus Heracleum (1950) 61.— H. villosum auct.
fe DNC Lael CAUICH VO. Oe
Biennial or perennial; stem to 1m high, thick, furrowed, hairy;leaves
simple, subrounded, lower pinnatilobate, lobes oblong-ovate, largely crenate-
dentate; upper leaves with strongly expanded, densely hairy sheath, usually
3-lobed; leaves glabrous or with sparse fine hairs above, densely white-
tomentose beneath. Umbels large, many-rayed, all rays finely scabrous-
hairy; leaflets of involucre small, lanceolate, those of involucels lanceolate-
linear; flowers white; ovary densely hairy; peripheral petals enlarged;
fruit oval, ovoid, often obovoid, 10-13 mm long, 7—9 mm wide, with fine,
appressed, antrorse hairs, rarely with thin, long, entangled hairs; dorsal
canals very broad, filling valleculae, median Ve length of fruit, lateral slight-
ly shorter, commissural broad, ip length of fruit or slightly longer; stylo-
podium conical; styles 2—3 times as long as stylopodium. June—July.
Stony slopes, taluses. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Wie plincainisice
(Novorossiisk area). Endemic. Described from Goldie's Crimean speci-
mens. Type in Tbilisi.
95. H. leskovii A. Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 239; Manden.
Kavikewvadyer. Ever aici ewan (1950) 69. — H. strelkovii Grossh. Fl. Kavk.
III (1932) 186 (sphalm. typogr.).— H. pubescens var. Wilhelmsii Alb.
in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada, 1(1895) 115, non Boiss. — H. villosum auct. falls
Cauley p=) Ps
Biennial or perennial; stem 40—7 0(100) cm high, deeply furrowed, ribbed,
pubescent; leaves simple, lower long-petioled, rounded or broadly ovate,
deeply pinnatilobate, lobes oblong, shallowly pinnatifid, irregularly toothed,
upper leaves with much inflated usually toothed sheath and reduced, pinnati-
fid lobate blade; leaves finely scabrous-hairy above, more or less densely
white-tomentose beneath. Umbels many-rayed, all rays finely scabrous-
hairy;leaflets of involucre and involucels lanceolate-linear; flowers white;
ovary densely pubescent; calyx-teeth barely visible; peripheral petals
slightly enlarged; fruit subglobular or ovoid, rarely obovoid, 7-—10mm
long, 6—8 mm wide, with scarious margin, usually beset with fine, appressed,
177
250
_ indistinct; peripheral petals enlarged; fruit large, 13—15 mm long, 10—13 mm
Qo
ra ae
prickly, antrorse hairs, dorsal surface rarely covered with long, thin, short,
prickly hairs; canals usually narrower than valleculae, dorsal reaching Sia
commissural canals slightly narrower, reaching to length of fruit or
slightly more. June—August.
Stony, pebbly slopes, taluses. — Caucasus: Cisc., W., E. Transc. (region |
of Main Range). Endemic. Described after Leskov's specimens at the Cau-
casian State Game Reservation. Type in Leningrad.
26. H. antasiaticum Manden. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 239;)
Manden., Kavk. vidy r. Heracleum (1950) 64.— H. villosum auct. fl. |
Cauley spe Pp.
Biennial or perennial; stem 50—70(100) cm high, thick, deeply furrowed, |
ribbed, spreading-hairy; leaves simple, radical and lower cauline long-
petioled, their blade subrounded, deeply pinnatilobate, lobes broadly oblong, |
shallowly pinnatifid, irregularly toothed, upper leaves reduced, with strongly
inflated,usually toothed hairy sheath and reduced pinnatifid blade, leaves
finely scabrous-hairy above, densely white-tomentose beneath. Umbels
many-rayed, all rays finely scabrous-hairy; leaflets of involucre and in-
volucels lanceolate; flowers white; ovary densely pubescent; calyx-teeth
wide, broadly obovoid, strongly notched at apex, dorsal surface usually with
remote, long, thin, slightly entangled hairs, margin with fine prickly hairs,
seldom entire surface with small, appressed, prickly antrorse hairs, canals dor-|
sally broad, dorsal filling valleculae, oe length of fruit, lateral shorter, the com- |
missural canals narrow, 1/3 length of fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; |
styles usually twice as long as stylopodium. May—July.
Middle, rarely upper mountain belt, rock crevices in gorges, dry stony
slopes. — Caucasus: W. Transe. (S.), E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.:
Bal.-As. Min. (Artvin District), Arm.-Kurd. Described from near Tbilisi.
Type in Tbilisi.
Economic importance. According to G. D. Yaroshenko, inhabitants of
Kirovakan (Armenian SSR) gather large quantities of stems before flower-
ing, for use as feed.
27H e@randiflerum' Stev.. ex M. B: Pl. taur.-caucs 1M (eto) 27a
nota ad H. pyrenaicum; Stev. in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (VII)
1 (1829) 278s.1idbi) Fl: Ross! lll, 329.— H: longifoliium MPBasecuads
Steven in Mem. soc. Nat. Mosc. II (1812) 259, non M. B. nec Jacq. —
H. incanum Radde, Mus. Cauc. II (1901) 99, non Boiss. et Huet. -—-
Biennial or perennial; stem 20—40(60) cm high, deeply furrowed- ribbed,
scabrous-hairy; lower cauline leaves usually ternate or pinnate-compound,
of 2 pairs of lateral segments, lower petioluled, upper usually sessile, seg-
ments ovate or oblong-ovate, oblique, more or less deeply pinnatifid, some-
times much elongating and pinnatisect nearly to axis into oblong decurrent
lobes, terminal segment ovate or oblong-ovate, also pinnatifid, rarely radical |
leaves simple, deeply trisect nearly to base, their segments pinnatifid into
oblong lobes, upper leaves with much inflated sheath and reduced, usually |
trifid or trisect blade, leaves more or less densely covered with fine scarious
hairs above, more or less densely white-tomentose beneath. Umbels large,
many-rayed (30—40), all rays and stem more or less densely scarious-hairy, |
178
252
leaflets of involucre usually deciduous, those of involucels linear-subulate,
unequal; flowers white; ovary with dense long spreading hairs; peripheral
petals very much enlarged, to 10mm long; fruit 12—13 mm long, 7-8 mm
wide, obovoid, deeply notched at apex, dorsal surface more or less densely
covered with long scarious hairs, margin with sparse prickly hairs; dorsal
canals 7/; length of fruit, commissural narrow, slightly divergent, 4 length
of fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; styles 2—3 times as long as stylo-
podium. May—July.
Dry stony slopes, pebbly taluses. — Caucasus: E. Transc. (Kuba district),
Dag. Endemic. Described from a specimen with unripe fruits from Azer-
baidzhan (Kuba district near Khinalug). Type in Helsinki.
Section 4. WENDIA (Hoffm.) Manden., Kavk. vidy r. Heracleum (1950)
70.— Wendia Hoffm. (pro gen.) 1.c. 136; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932)
10h ekenaarciicumy sect) Wendtia DEY Prodry) lV 1830) 194 spy po:
Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844—1846) 328, p. p. — Flowers white or pink, dorsal
canals more or less uniformly broad, sometimes occupying middle of
vallecula, usually “ls to ae length of fruit, commissural canals undeveloped.
Series 1. Pastinacifolia Manden. — Stem cylindrical, stylopodium conical
in fruit.
28. H. pastinacifolium C. Kochin Linnaea, XVI (1842) 360; Ldb. FI.
Ross, il, 328: Boiss. Fl. or. 11 (1872) 1047,— H. brevivittatum Ldb.
l.c. (1844-1846) 324.— H. sisianense Boiss. et Buhse Aufz. (1860) 101.
Viemmabtasolasatilmacc ae tolia (GC) Koch) Grossh.,! Bl) Kavi. 11h (@g32)
IgE Da Ds
Perennial; stem 1—1.5m high, cylindrical, thinly furrowed, glabrous,
its neck covered with remnants of scarious sheaths; leaves bright green,
glabrous or covered with sparse, fine, appressed, bristly hairs, above
paler, with more dense thin hairs beneath; lower leaves long-petioled,
ovate- oblong, pinnate-compound, of 3—4 pairs of large -toothed segments,
the first pair long-petioluled, ternate or pinnate-compound, the others
usually sessile, ovate-oblong, more or less deeply pinnatifid; upper leaves
reduced, with narrow, slightly inflated sheath. Umbels large, of 15—30
markedly unequal rays, all rays very finely hairy, involucre lacking, leaflets
of involucels 2—3 small, linear; flowers white, sometimes pink; ovary finely
pubescent; calyx-teeth lanceolate; marginal flowers slightly enlarged;
fruit obovoid, 7—9 mm long, 4—5 mm wide, usually glabrous; dorsal canals
a length of fruit, lateral slightly shorter and wider; stylopodium conical;
|
‘styles usually twice as long as stylopodium. June—August.
Mountain forests, glades, upper limit of forest. — Caucasus: E. and S.
Transec. Endemic. Described from Armenia (apparently from Darachichag).
Type was in Berlin, cotype in Leningrad.
29. H. chorodanum (Hoffm.) DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 194, p. p. et auct.
fe cauc.; Manden, in Zam: po sist. i geogr; Tbil. bot. inst. -12)(1944) 187 —
Biuo mM chihoi ume. el staur a cauc. 1 (1808) 223, non Jacq. —
179
253
Hecho co diamva mm) vale Simp Wiest Ba BoC zag, cia Mem. Soc. Nat.
Kiew, XXV (1915) 105.— Wendia chorodanum Hoffm. Gen. Umbell.
(lst) 139: VL. By Eilat taurs>cauck, hl 228).(. up.a exch, vara) iG moccers
JOULE VARS UIE AUS 2IE joe oy
Biennial; root fusiform, thickened, stem (40)80—100 cm high, cylindrical,
furrowed, densely covered with long, bristly, appressed, retrorse hairs in
lower part, with spreading, thin, pedunculate-glandular hairs in upper part;
leaves with sparse, appressed, bristly hairs above, with dense soft thin hairs
beneath, pinnate-compound, lower leaves long-petioled, oblong, of 2—3 pairs
of subrounded, ovate or ovate-oblong, sometimes more or less deeply
pinnatifid crenate-dentate segments, upper leaves reduced, segments with
much elongated, lanceolate or linear, remotely serrate segments. Umbels
of 7—12 rays, all rays with simple short, spreading and longer pedunculate- |
glandular hairs; involucre lacking, leaflets of involucels 2—3,small, linear, |
usually deciduous; flowers white; ovary covered with sparse spreading |
hairs; calyx-teeth small, triangular; peripheral petals much enlarged, |
10—12 mm long, deeply 2-lobed, lobes oblong, markedly divergent; fruit
obovoid, 6—9 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, distinctly notched at apex; dorsal canals
db length of fruit or slightly less; stylopodium conical; styles twice as long
as stylopodium. June—August.
Central mountain belt, herbaceous slopes, shrubs, forest edges. — Caucasus:
Cisic.; bands, Dranse.;,Das. Endemic, (Described from, Kislovodske
Type in Leningrad.
Series 2. Transcaucasica Manden. — Stem faceted-furrowed, stylopodium
in ripe fruit broadly conical, slightly flattened.
30. H. transcaucasicum Manden. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949)
240; Manden., Kavk. vidy roda Heracleum (1950) 74.—H. pastinacae-
COU AC an Cy IKolamyehe, INP el Claxvaerws 12, Iroc, iam Mém. Soc. Nat. Kiew,
XXV (1915) 101; var. stenophyllum E. Bordz. l.c. 102: var. dissec-
home 1), Word, Ic; lOs,=— Wendia pPpAagtimACcaerolia (Cc. Koch) Grossh.,
IML, IKendey (S32)) ee oy. fos
Biennial or perennial; stem 60—100 cm high, deeply ribbed-furrowed, with
short soft hairs; leaves glabrous above, with more or less dense soft hairs
beneath, lower leaves long-petioled, ovate-oblong, of 3—4 pairs of large-
toothed segments, lower pair long-petioluled in turn, pinnate- compound, of
2—3 pairs, rarely 1 pair, second order segments, these usually sessile, ovate-
oblong or lanceolate, entire or more or less deeply pinnatifid, upper leaves
progressively reduced, with much inflatedsheath. Umbels of 15—18 rays, all
rays with more or less dense spreading hairs; involucre usually lacking,
leaflets of involucels lanceolate; flowers white; ovary spreading-hairy;
calyx-teeth lanceolate; marginal flowers enlarged; fruit ellipsoid or obo-
void, 8-9 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, sparsely covered with thin, fine hairs;
dorsal canals reach “Ib lateralsometimes slightly less than half length of fruit;
stylopodium broadly conical. June—August.
Subalpine meadows, rock streams in alpine belt. — Caucasus: S. Transc.
Gen, distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Dzhavakhetia. Type in Tbilisi.
180
255
Note. Widespread in the Armenian Highland. A distinct form, var.
armenum Manden., grows in rocky streams of the upper alpine belt,in
the eastern part of the distribution area. This is generally distinguished
by low growth (usually not more than 40cm high) and the very markedly
enlarged peripheral petals.
31. H. roseum Stev. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. III (1812) 260; Manden
MPa PONSist-il Score.) bil; Bor. snst. 2 (1944) 17.—H. choroda-
Min DO we rode) IV (l830)1194) tpl pet auet. fl, "cauc. > Hit liomst we w~
folium Akinf, Fl. Tsentr. Kavk. (1894) 205, non M. B. — Wendia cho-
rodanum Hoffm. var. n? M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 228. — W. cho-
rodanum var. roseum (Stev.) Grossh, Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 192.
Biennial or perennial; root fusiformly thickened, its neck covered with
fragmented dead sheaths, stem 20—60 cm high, faceted-furrowed, glabrous
in lower part, with fine remote hairs in upper part; leaves glabrous above,
more or less densely hairy beneath, pinnate- compound, lower long-petioled,
ovate-oblong, of 3—4 pairs of ovate or ovate-oblong crenate-dentate seg-
ments, these sometimes more or less deeply pinnatifid, lower pair petioluled,
others sessile, upper leaves reduced, sessile, with lanceolate, remotely
toothed, sometimes nearly entire segments. Umbels of (5)8—12 rays, all
rays densely spreading-hairy; involucre of 1—2 deciduous leaflets, involucels
of 3—5, lanceolate leaflets, usually deciduous in fruit; flowers bright pink;
ovary with sparse spreading hairs; calyx-teeth lanceolate; peripheral flow-
ers enlarged, their peripheral petals 5—6 mm long, deeply 2-lobed, lobes
broadly oval; fruit ovoid, 6—7 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, with sparse thin hairs;
dorsal canals “le rarely aD length of fruit; stylopodium broadly conical,
with undulant margin; styles 2—3 times as long as stylopodium, recurved.
July—August.
Subalpine meadows, 1,900—2,500m, rarely on taluses or moraines in
alpine belt... Caucasus: Cise:, Dag., HY Transc. (central and eastern parts
of Main Range). Endemic. Described from Kaishaur valley in Georgia.
Type in Leningrad.
Note. A distinct ecological form, var. schistosum Manden., from
3,000 m in the alpine belt, has been described from 5. Osetia. It is distin-
guished by the leaf segments being ternately dissected nearly to the base;
the median lobe is much elongated, liguliform-linear, entire or remotely
dentate, and slightly exceeds the lateral lobes.
32. H. schelkovnikovii Woron, in Izv. Kavk. Muz. VII, 3—4 (1913)
228.— Wendia sSchelkovnikovii (Woron.) Grossh), Bly Kavi Tl
(1932) 190.— W. hymenocoleon Woron. ined. ex Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
Ill (1932) 190.— Ic.: G. Woron. l.c. tab. 2.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. cauc.
No. 94.
Perennial; rhizome long, multicipital, its neck covered with scarious
remnants of sheaths; stem 10—25(40) cm high, thin, more or less deeply
furrowed, simple or slightly branching; radical leaves long-petioled,
pinnate-compound, usually of 3 pairs of segments, first long-petioluled,
second short-petioluled, third sessile, segments broadly ovate or subrounded,
usually irregularly incised, shallowly oninner side and at outer side to mid-
rib, sometimes first pair of segments ternate, all segments largely
181
296
4
‘|
crenate-dentate; the few cauline leaves similar, slightly reduced, with strong-
ly expanded sheath, their segments sometimes elongate, lanceolate-rhombic _
or lanceolate, nearly entire, with fine, remote, appressed hairs above, more
or less densely spreading-hairy beneath. Umbels of 3—5(8) very unequal
rays with short spreading hairs; involucre lacking, in lateral umbels rarely
of 1—2 ovate, deciduous leaflets, leaflets of involucels 5—6, lanceolate, un-
equal, 2—3 sometimes as long as or slightly longer than flowering umbellets;
ovary finely pubescent; calyx-teeth large, ovate-oblong, unequal; flowers
white: peripheral petals much enlarged; fruit obovoid, 8-10 mm long,
5—6 mm wide; canals somewhat narrower than valleculae, the dorsal ie length
of fruit, lateral shorter; stylopodium broadly conical; styles longer than
stylopodium. July—September. d
Rock crevices in alpine belt. — Caucasus: S. Transc. Endemic. Described
from Murovdag Range. Type in Tbilisi, cotype in Leningrad.
Note. Shelkovnikov's extensive collections from Murovdag Range show
this species to be highly variable. We have included init H. hymenoco-
leon Woron., described by Yu. Voronov after a specimen collected on
Kapudzhikha, distinguished by its obsolete stem and very large involucel
leaflets; both these characters proved to be markedly variable in subsequent
collections on Kapudzhikha.
33. H. albovii Manden. ex Grossh. Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 240;
Manden., Kavk. vidy roda He racleum (1950) 83.— H. incanum var.
lazicum Boiss. Fl. or. 11 (1842) 1048; Alb. Prodr. Fl. Colch. 116;
Lipskii, Fl. Kavk. 328; Medvedev in Tr. Tifl. Bot. Sada, XVIII, 2 (1919)
20(2— Wendia inicana var. Vazica Grosshy Fl. iKavk. 11 G32)
Perennial; its neck covered with fragmented remnants of scarious
sheaths; stem 20—25 cm high, thin, ribbed- furrowed, sparsely hairy; leaves
glabrous or sparsely hairy above, with short thin hairs beneath, pinnate-
compound, lower leaves long-petioled, ovate, of 3—4 pairs of segments
largely crenate-dentate, lower pair short-petioluled, ternate, others usually
sessile, broadly ovate or subrounded, entire, asymmetrically incised, on
the inside cut deep, sometimes reaching midrib, upper leaves reduced, with
much expanded sheath. Umbels of 5—8(10) rays, all rays spreading-hairy;
involucre usually lacking, leaflets of involucels 2—3, small, lanceolate,
later deciduous; flowers white; ovary spreading-hairy; calyx-teeth small,
ovate; peripheral flowers slightly enlarged; fruit broadly obovoid or ellip-
soid, 8mm long, 6 mm wide, covered with sparse thin hairs; dorsal canals
filling vallecula, We length of fruit, the lateral sometimes slightly shorter;
stylopodium short-conical. August—September.
Alpine belt in stony places. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Adzhar-Imeretian
Range), E. Transc. (Trialet Range). Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Lazistan)?
Described from Guria-Bakhmaro. Type in Tbilisi.
Section 5. APIIFOLIA Manden., Kavk. vidy Heracleum (1950) 84. —
Sect. Il. WendtiaLdb. Fl. Ross. I] (1844—1846) 328, p.p.— Sect. I.
Euheracleum Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1039, p. p. — Fruits with canals
tapering and acuminate at lower end, septate for entire length, flowers white.
182
34. H. apiifolium Boiss. in Ann. sc. nat. (1844) 332; Fl. or. II (1872)
1047; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 188; Manden. in Zam. po sist. i geogr. r.
Tbil. Bot. inst. 12 (1944) 18.— H. intermedium Ldb. Fl. Ross. II
(1844-1846) 328.— H. pachyrhizumS. et L. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital.
(1895) 822) Tie. > Bot: Sada) XVI (19.00),.195* Grossg., Fl! Kavk) 11h .188. —
lesSuvetplesnia Dr. Bob. Sadat © Vl (1900) taba sol
Biennial or perennial; root fusiform, often thickened; stem 30—70 cm high,
thin, narrowly furrowed, glabrous in lower, with dense fine hairs in upper
part; leaves glabrous, pinnate- compound, lower long-petioled, ovate-oblong,
of 2—3 pairs of ovate, ovate-oblong or subrounded largely and obtusely
toothed segments, lower segments short-petioluled, usually more or less
deeply tripartite, upper sessile, entire, terminal segment ovate or sub-
rounded, sometimes more or less deeply tripartite; upper leaves of similar
shape, reduced, sessile. Umbels of 7—15(20) rays, all rays like stem
covered with soft spreading hairs (pedunculate- glandular under strong
magnification), involucre lacking, leaflets of involucels 1—2, usually deci-
duous; flowers white; ovary finely pubescent; calyx-teeth indistinct; peri-
pheral flowers of umbellets much enlarged, especially along periphery of
umbel; peripheral petals of marginal flowers 10—12 mm long, deeply
2-lobed, lobes narrow, oblong; anthers purple; fruit ellipsoid, 5—7 mm long,
4—5 mm wide: dorsal canals °/, length of fruit, commissural to 7/3 or 7/9;
stylopodium conical; styles long, reflexed. July—August.
Very damp localities in subalpine belt, usually along mountain riverbeds. —
Caucasus: We iiecanse:. Gen. distr. : Bali-As. Min. Described from @sheys
specimens collected near Erzerum. Type in Geneva.
35. H. ligusticifolium M. B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 124; III (1819)
2A weOUscw Ei or. Lis 1046 shimalto. bas 15, 413 (exel. pl. Cauc.). —
Pais imaca lives tachi tolia Callest. an Wiebbia, 1(1905) 246.
Biennial or perennial; root fusiform, its neck densely covered with brown,
scarious, fragmented remnants of sheaths; stem 40—80cm high, branching
from base, reddish, deeply furrowed, with soft spreading hairs; leaves
sparsely and softly pubescent or subglabrous, pinnate- compound, lower
long-petioled, ovate, of 2—3 pairs of subrounded, large-toothed segments
with broadly cuneate base, first pair long-petioluled, usually ternate, second
entire, on shorter petiolules, segments entire (sic! ); upper leaves of similar
shape, reduced, sessile. Umbels of 12—15 rays, all rays with dense, soft
and long spreading hairs; involucre lacking, leaflets of involucels 2—3,
small, linear, sometimes deciduous; flowers white; ovary densely covered
with spreading hairs; calyx-teeth distinct, triangular; peripheral flowers
enlarged in umbellets; their peripheral petals 5—6 mm long, 2-lobed, lobes
broad; anthers olive-colored; fruit ellipsoid, 9-10mm long, 5—6 mm wide,
with sparse thin hairs; dorsal canals Wh length of fruit, lateral shorter,
commissural arcuate, reaching nearly to base; stylopodium conical; styles
long, reflexed. July—August.
_ Stony places, taluses. — European part: Crim. (southern coast). Endemic.
Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
36. H. olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestv. antrop. i
SMmosrnmoxoxbDe, 21(18 82) 38.0; wand Bir hedchiy, Perech. qin lurk yeml2:
183
Perennial; stem 80—100(120) cm high, thick, cylindrical, shallowly |
furrowed, with more or less dense spreading hairs, strongly branching |
258 from middle; leaves simple, lower ovate or broadly ovate, cut (usually not
209
deeply) into 3 rounded small-toothed lobes, finely scabrous-hairy above,
sparsely or densely hairy to white-tomentose beneath, upper leaves reduced
with ovate, scabrous blade on expanded sheath. Umbels numerous, many-
rayed, all rays with dense spreading hairs; involucre usually lacking, leaf-
lets of involucels lanceolate, as long as rays; flowers yellowish; calyx-
teeth distinct; petals hardly enlarged, densely spreading-hairy; fruit
10—12 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid to subglobular, emarginate;
3 dorsal ribs narrowly keeled, bearing spreading scarious hairs, rest of
fruit subglabrous; dorsal canals broad, filling valleculae, */4 length of fruit,
lateral slightly shorter, commissural broad, slightly arcuate, We length of
fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; styles long, recurved. July—September.
Stony taluses.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from
Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad.
37. H. transiliense (Rgl. et Herd.) O. et B. Fedtsch. in Perechn. rast.
Turk. I11 (1909) 112.—Semenovia transiliensis Rgl. etHerd. in
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, 3 (1866) 79.— H. pimpinellifolium
Rupr. in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XIV, sér. VII, 4 (1869) 49.—H. brig-
noliaefolium Franchet in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. VI, XV1(1883) 297. —
ler ele yerpbiercd lice. rabe ell beta el——5 2
Perennial; root fusiform; stem 20—30cm high, thin, cylindrical, densely
furrowed; lower leaves long-petioled, pinnate-compound, its segments broad,
ovate to ovate-oblong, usually deeply pinnatisect, seldom nearly entire,
dentate; upper leaves reduced, with strongly expanding sheath, the segments
much elongated, usually entire, leaves glabrous or finely pubescent. Umbels
of 4—8 rays, all rays densely spreading-hairy; leaflets of involucre and
involucels large, lanceolate-oblong,as long as umbellets; flowers white;
peripheral petals strongly enlarged, deeply 2-lobed, lobes broad, diverging
at a slight angle; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong, 6—8 mm long, 4—5 mm wide;
canals straight, dorsal filling valleculae, */, length of fruit, lateral some-
times shorter, commissural slightly narrower than dorsal, Is length of
fruit; stylopodium broadly conical; styles slightly longer than disk, recurved.
July—August.
Subalpine meadows. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash.
Described from Zailiiski Ala-Tau. Type in Leningrad.
Note. Apart from the species mentioned from the flora of the USSR,
the following have been recorded:
16 He velausi db. (Pl Rosis) Il (1844—1846), 323%
Ledebour reports for this plant: ''In deserto caspio hinc inde, v. g. circa
m. Ischaptschatschi (Claus).'' The specimen at the herbarium of the Bo-
tanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR seems to be the
original. We consider it to be none other than Malabaila graveolens
(M. B.) Hoffm.
2 jum eatuim Bolssa) Elguors) 1 (lsi72)) MOAse
High plant, leaves large, trisect, glabrous above, densely gray beneath,
their segments very obtusely incised-lobate, lateral segments oblong, the
184
260
median ovate, parted into rounded, very finely and acutely toothed lobes;
umbel rays numerous, thin, scabrous; flowers not seen; fruit small, sub-
glabrous, obovoid- oplene: slightly notched at apex, 3 dorsal ribs protruding,
canals narrow, filiform, aa length of fruit, commissural canals very close,
parallel. Boissier reports for this plant: ''Hab. loco non indicato in Trans-
caucasia, prob. in Ponto Lazico vel Cartalinia (C. Koch). "'
In none of the herbariums searched were we able to find a plant fitting
this description, though some features in the structure of the fruit — pro-
truding dorsal ribs and very close parallel, commissural canals are so
characteristic that they could not have failed to capture our attention. It is
thus very doubtful whether the species grows in Transcaucasia. Neverthe-
less Boissier's diagnosis is given here.
See as acum nD) © erode nly, (183 0) 92 aikdbs vailen Racial see
Described by de Candolle (1. c.) after a specimen grown from seeds
obtained from the Berlin Botanical Garden, labeled as originating from the
coast of the Caspian Sea. However, reporting the species for the flora of
Russia Ledebour (l.c.) adds: mihi ignotum. It is not known what H. cas-
Puc mM Cs ns actually. Tale:
SP LercinertormesDe. erodr. bhyy( 1830) 194. ldb, Hit Rosse ll sZor
Described after specimens cultivated in the Botanical Garden in Geneva
of unknown origin. De Candolle assumed that it originated in Siberia.
Genus 1070. STENOTAENIA* Boiss. **
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. III, Bot. I (1844) 339; Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 1052. —Pentataenium
Tamamsch. in Izv. Arm. Fil. AN SSSR, No. 3—4 (1942) 113
Calyx 5-toothed, petals small, obovate or rounded, slightly notched, with
small curved ligule, yellow or reddish; fruit much flattened dorsally, ribs
narrowly filiform, 3 dorsal approximate, 2 marginal remote from them, close
to winglike margin of mericarp, canals narrow, tapering at both ends,
acuminate, distinctly partitioned over entire length, usually 4—5 per valle-
cula, 4—6 towardcommissure, endosperm apparently enclosed in thick en-
velope, dorsally mechanical tissue interrupted under canals, canals adjacent
to endosperm, interval between envelope and lateral ribs broad, transparent,
stylopodium in flower flat, with undulant margin, becoming ampullaceous in
fruit, styles long. Perennial herbs, with few-rayed umbels, involucre and
involucel lacking or of few leaflets, deciduous in fergie
Five to six species in Iran and Anatolia.
1. S. daralaghezica (Takht.) Schischk. in Grossg., Opred. (1949) 242. —
eerie Ciuc emia alah e ze tml aldat im Adnov. "ads Indes siemnlort,
erevan. edit. (1940); Ej. in Not. syst. ac geograph. Inst. Bot. Tphilis 9
(1940) 24.— Pentataenium daralaghezicum (Takht.) Tamamsch. in
laa Arm Fil. ANISSSR: No.3 —4 (1942) .113:.
* Treatment by I. P. Mandenova.
** From the Greek stenos —narrow, taenion—small canal.
185
261
Perennial; plant to 1m high, stem cylindrical, furrowed, branching, short-
haired, leaves mainly concentrated in lower part of stem, pinnate-compound, |
of 3—4 pairs of sessile, subrounded, lobate-incised, unequally and largely |
toothed segments covered with appressed-setaceous hairs above, canescent, |
with more densely spreading hairs beneath. Umbels of 7—10 very unequal |
rays, all rays scabrous-hairy; flowers purple; fruit obovoid, large, 12—20mm |
long, 10-15 mm wide, tapering toward base, dorsally with sparse fine hairs, |
sometimes with few bristly hairs, with small, antrorse, prickly hairs along
winglike margin. July—August.
Shrubby thickets. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (Daralagez). Endemic.
Described from Daralagez. Cotype in Leningrad.
Genus 1071. MALABAILA* Hoffm.
Hoffm. Gen. Umb. (1814) 125, non Tausch (1834)
Calyx-teeth indistinct; petals yellowish-greenish or yellow with inward
curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid or subglobular, plano-compressed; stylopo-
dium thickish, conical, with undulant margin, mericarps with indistinct,
filiform dorsal broadenings and somewhat swollen marginal ribs, canals
solitary in valleculae. Perennial herbs with simple- or bipinnate leaves;
stem and leaves more or less pubescent.
To 10 species in the East Mediterranean area to Central Asia and Iran.
HSE UNE OUDSSCEML caw MMe et) Sechelt @ We alten alae 2:
ct IRIS, Alo O WIS) VG loess Tbs a, aye tos. Gale pas al alien Ss eee onlin ee a ar
2. Main umbel of 18—25 rays WiCancasue, .. 1. M. sulcata (€) Koch) Meorss.
To _ Viaineumbel of 6—latrays (Centr.Asia) 10 ye 27 ie) ae
UME a AcE ee corte stig aac eee 2. M. dasycarpa (Rgl. et Schm.) Schischk.
Radical leaves simple-pinnate; fruit glabrous toward commissure ...
.4. M. graveolens (M. B.) Hoffm.
+ adie Seanes “paola ie oui scabrous-hairy toward commissure...
Rae raed Si: tet See mae | ie a 3. M. dasyantha (C. Koch) Grossh.
1. -M. suleata(C: Koch) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1055.— Pastinaeca
Silica nay C.) Kochvex Boiss sic
Perennial; root ca. 1 cm thick, vertical, its neck densely covered with
light brown remnants of petioles; stem 25—80 cm high, single, strongly ribbed,
with dense soft spreading hairs in lower part, hairs sparser above or sub-
glabrous, with oblique antrorse branches from middle or nearly from base,
the upper usually overtopping main stem; radical leaves wilting, oblong,
8—15 cm long, 1.5—5 cm wide, canescent by soft short hairs, abruptly passing
into oblong sheath, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, primary and lower secondary
lobes petioluled, lobes of last order pinnatisect into oblong rounded or acute
teeth; cauline leaves similar to radical, often wider, the upper smaller,
262 sessile on expanded sheath. Terminal umbel 8—15 cm across, of 18—25 near-
ly equal, tuberculate-scabrous rays, lateral umbels smaller, of 7—11 rays;
* After Joseph Malabaila de Canal (Nowodworsky), curator of the Botanical Garden in Prague and chairman
of the Prague Economic Society (1745-1825).
186
(263)
2—Laserpitium hispidum MB.
PLATE XXII, 1— Tordylium maximum L.;
187
265
involucre of 3—7 lanceolate-linear, long-acuminate, recurved leaflets with
scarious margin, sometimes lacking, especially in lateral umbels; umbellets
1.5—2 cm across, leaflets of involucels 3—7, similar to those of involucre,
recurved; fruit obovoid, broadly ovoid, 5-6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, meri-
carps with narrow swollen margins, dorsally stiff-haired, with 3 filiform
acute ribs and 4 transparent, dark-colored canals WA length of mericarp,
not reaching its base; commissure glabrous, with 2 slightly arcuately curved
canals; stylopodium disk-like, with entire margins; styles straight, divergent.
April—May.
Clayey ravines, stony slopes, thinned-out shrubby formations. — Caucasus:
E. Transc. Endemic. Described from Shemakha. Type in Geneva.
2. M. dasycarpa (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Pastinaca
dasycarpa Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 598. — Zosimia
dasycarpa Koroyv. in Bot. mat. gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 82.
Perennial; stem 30—100 cm high, cylindrical, striated, slightly branching;
leaves with short sparse hairs on petioles and along nerves, with petioles
20—50 cm long, 5—10 cm wide, pinnatisect, leaflets ovate, bidentate, with
mucronate teeth, 3—7 cm long, 2.5—5 cm wide. Umbels of 6—12 unequal rays,
very hairy, especially above; involucre of 5—7 lanceolate, long-acuminate
leaflets with scarious margin, later deciduous; umbellets ca. 1 cm across,
with hairy rays;involucels of 7—9 linear-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent,
hairy leaflets as long as rays; calyx-teeth very short; petals whitish (? ),
dorsally hardly pubescent, with inward curved tip, the peripheral slightly
elongated (to 2mm); fruit plano- compressed, sparsely tomentose, withnarrow
marginal wings, ribs 6, hardly protruding; 1 broad canal per vallecula,
2 toward commissure. July—August.
Above floodplain terraces, ravines, cliffs. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.).
Endemic. Described from Karabur pass in Tashkent Ala Tau, 2,400 m.
Type in Leningrad.
Note, This species warrants further study, with a view to its possible
separation into a genus of its own.
3. M. dasyantha (C. Koch) Grossh. in Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 242.—
M. pimpinellifoliaf®.dasyantha Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1056. —
Pastinaca dasyantha C. Koch in Linnaea, XV1(1842) 359: lide. BL.
OSSe le sZ10%
Perennial; root rather thick, sometimes tuberiform, to 2 cm thick, erect,
its neck densely covered with fibrous remnants of leaves; stem straight
in upper half, rarely branching from base, angular- ribbed, covered with
sparse stiff hairs; radical and lower cauline leaves oblong, 10—15 cm long,
2—5 cm wide, with short petioles expanding to sheath, bipinnatisect, primary
lobes short-petioluled, dissected into ovate-oblong, pinnatifid lobules,
canescent, more or less densely covered with hairs. Terminal umbel
10—20 cm across, of 12—17 nearly equal rays, rays smooth or covered with
sparse acute tubercles; lateral umbels of 6—8 smaller rays, often over-
topping terminal umbel; involucre of 6—9 reflexed, linear-lanceolate, acu-
minate leaflets, with softly long-ciliate margin; umbellets ca. 15mm across;
involucels of 6—9 erect, linear-lanceolate, pubescent, finely acuminate leaf-
lets; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, with inward curved tip,
188
dorsally pubescent especially in lower part; fruit broadly ovoid, covered
with short stiff hairs, subglobular, 6.5—10 mm long, 5—8 mm wide, with in-
distinct filiform dorsal and swollen marginal ribs, 1—2 mm wide, thinly
scabrous toward commissure. May—June.
Rocks, stony slopes, locally among crops. — Caucasus: EH. and Ss. TPransc.
Gen, distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Armenia. Type in Berlin.
4. M. graveolens (M. B.) Hoffm. Umbell. I (lg) MBG iBextsis\, ial ove, UL
1055; Grossg., Fl. icawik, Iau 98, IP as ein 2eie ie ely eolens M. B.
Fl. taur.-cauc. 1 (1808) 237; Ill, 247; DC. Prodr. IV, 189; Ldb. Fl. Ross.
i, SIGS lel Sig eve lS wig Yee evs olens Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (SI) U2
Hemolancii dba tileshosis. ii (1844—46) BON Pewee le inwi za loi 619 G16 =
steinii Schmalh. Fl. I (1895) AN. —= ie, 2 Wonton, i, ©. wld, IB, ta 1, =
Perennial; root ca. 1 em thick; stem erect, ribbed, 30—80 cm high, simple
or branching above, rather densely covered with soft, slightly spreading
hairs; radical leaves with petioles nearly as long as blade, ovate, 7—20cm
long, 7-10 cm wide, simple-pinnate, densely short-haired beneath, less
profusely so above; leaf lobes ovate, sessile, cuneately tapering to base,
5—9 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, with large unequal teeth; cauline leaves smaller,
their blade sessile on expanded sheaths, the uppermost reduced to short
sheath with rudimentary blade. Terminal umbel ca. 10cm across, of 16—27
subglabrous rays; lateral umbels sometimes overtopping it, smaller, 3—5 cm
across; involucre lacking; umbellets ca. 10mm across; involucels of 1—9
herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, sometimes recurved leaflets; calyx-teeth
inconspicuous; petals yellowish-greenish, with inward curved tip, sparingly
pubescent or glabrous on outside; fruit glabrous, broadly ovoid, 5—7 mm long,
3.5—5 mm wide, with broad, outwardly slightly swollen margin nearly as wide
as seed; canals long, marginal broader, 2 curved canals toward commissure,
not reaching base of fruit. June—July.
Slopes and fields. — European part: Besta ele. (Grimace ee orbyala a
Transc. (southern part), M. D., U. Dns.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.; Centr.
Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic (reported for Adrianople 2). Described from the
Crimea. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1072. ZOSIMIA lnlOstinan,
Hoffm. Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) 145.— Pastinaca sect. V. Zosimia Calest. in Webbia (1905) 247
Calyx-teeth distinct; petals white or pale yellowish-greenish, the peri-
pheral sometimes elongate, obovate, notched, with inward curved lobule;
stylopodium short-conical, with undulant margin; fruit plano-compressed,
broadly ovoid or subglobular, with smooth swollen margin, separated from
_ seed by broad transparent layer of pericarp; mericarps with filiform dorsal
ribs and marginal ribs running along thickened margin; canals solitary,
filling entire vallecula, 2 adjacent canals toward commissure; carpophore
bipartite; albumen flat, dorsally slightly inflated. Perennial, pubescent herbs
with bipinnatipartite leaves; involucre and involucels present.
* Named after Hoffman's contemporaries, Anastasii, Nikolai and Zoi — the three Zosima brothers — who
lived in Moscow. They published many of the Greek classics at their own expense. In adopting this
name Hoffman intended to demonstrate the triple affinity of this genus with Pastinaca, Tordylium
and Heracleum.
189
267 To 10 species from Arabia to Baluchistan. |
1, Leaves bi- or tripinnate, umbels of 19—35 rays, fruit 10—11 mm long, |
pubescent toward commissure ...... 2. Z. absinthifolia (Vent. ) Link.
+ Leaves simple- or bipinnate, umbels of 9—25 rays, fruit 6—7 mm
lons, slabrous: towards Commissurely2 —) yoy. eeqsl 1. Z. tordyloides Korov.
1. Z. tordyloides Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, V (1924)
(Sy215) Ouro)
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.5—1 cm thick, its neck covered
with fibrous remnants of leaves; stem erect, 40—80 cm high, slightly curved
at nodes, especially in lower part densely covered with soft hairs, angular-
ribbed, branching; leaves oblong, canescent, densely covered with soft hairs;
radical leaves numerous, their petioles shorter than blade, 5—15 cm long,
2—7 cm wide, simple- or bipinnate, with sessile, ovate, pinnatifid or laciniate
lobes, 2.5—5 cm long, 1.2—3.5 cm wide; cauline leaves similar to radical,
upper smaller, sessile. Umbel 5—10cm across, of 9—25 scabrous-hairy
rays; involucre of 7—9 linear-lanceolate, sometimes nearly entire, scarious,
white-villous, spreading,5—7 mm long leaflets; umbellets 1—1.5 cm across,
20—25-flowered; pedicels short-haired; involucels of linear-lanceolate,
scarious leaflets with white villous hairs, nearly as long as umbellet; calyx-
teeth obtuse, indistinct; petals white, 1—2mm long; ovary short-haired; fruit
broadly ellipsoid, 6—7mm long, 5—6 mm wide; stylopodium appressed- conical,
with undulant margins; styles recurved, hardly longer than stylopodium.
June—July, Fr. August—September.
Herbaceous and stony mountain slopes, ca. 2,000m.— Centr. Asia; T. Sh.,
Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Endemic. Described from Talass Ala Tau. Type
in Leningrad.
2. Z. absinthifolia (Vent.) Link, Umb. (1814) 145; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I,
329) Boiss. §HI. or... 11, 103 7; Shmial'g.; Fl. my 412) (Grosse. hen Kangke
Ill, 194.-Heracleum absinthifolium Vent. Choix des plantes
(1803) tab. 7.— H. tomentosum Smith, Prodr. 1(1806) 192.— Tor-
dylium absinthifolium Pers. Syn. 1(1805) 314.— Zosimia orien=
talis Hoffm. Umbell. ed. 1(1814) 145.— Zosimia absinthifolia
WEICS Mal WC ieO) Gieiejy 2) IsyarS5 “Ital, Seidel Islor.s WDrengoeie, By ISS 5 jo. So =
ZA .Asinthitoliasp. viriditlora Fisch, vet Mey) dnd etsengscltomd
Petrop. ex Linnaea, XV, Litt. Ber. (1841) 124.— Z. transcaspica
Gdgr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LXV (1918) 32.— Pastinaca absin-
thifolia Calest. in Webbia, 1(1905) 247.—Ic.: Hoffm. l.c. tab. 4; Vent.
CARA DN als os cur sicanes lexsen Nowo20. Sinten. sNossbosts ,
268 Perennial; root vertical, 1—2 cm thick, its neck densely covered with
brown fibrous remnants of leaves; stems few or solitary, 10—60 cm high,
erect, ribbed, simple or slightly branching, grayish-haired; leaves oblong
or ovate-oblong, 7—35 cm long, 1—15 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect, terminal
lobes oblong, pinnatifid into lanceolate, obtuse, rather densely and softly
pubescent lobules, canescent. Umbels 8—18 cm across, of 19—35 hairy,
unequal rays; involucre and involucels of 5—9 lanceolate, acuminate, densely
villous-hairy leaflets; umbellets 1—2 cm across; calyx-teeth short; petals
obovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit plano-compressed, 10—11 mm
190
269
long, 8—9 mm wide (6—7 mm long, 5—6 mm wide — var. microcarpa Bge. ),
soft-haired, especially at middle, commissure pubescent.
Stony slopes. — Caucasus: Dag., E. and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia:
Age Cass wera ka) Mtn.) Turknd: “Gens distr. 3) As), Min Arabian Penin=
sula, Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from specimens grown from seeds
collected between Baghdad and Kermanshah. Type in Paris.
Note. A markedly variable species. O. Kuntze(Tr. B. S. 7 (1887) 193)
notes the varieties normalis O. Ktze. andtereticaulis O. Ktze. and
thettonms slab ire sic enis, anmeusti lobia, eo randi Toba, vexinwolile ra.
ta, stenocarpa, and expresses his opinion that the species could be
divided into a series of species. At the moment this is not feasible, as more
complete collections at different stages of development are required for
this purpose.
Genus 1073. PLATYTAENIA* Nevski et Vved.
Nevski et Vved. in Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR ser. 1, IV (1937) 270
Flowers bisexual, sulfur-yellow or whitish-yellowish, rarely purple,
marginal petals elongate, rarely all petals equal. Fruit dorsally plano-
compressed, elliptic; with more or less broad but not thickened rim, meri-
carps with 5 dorsal filiform ribs, middle 3 equidistant, lateral remote, ca-
nals broad, solitary, nearly filling up entire vallecula, 2 toward commissure.
Perennial herbs, sometimes slightly woody at base, with simple- or bipinnate
leaves and developed involucre.
Seven species in the mountains of Central Asia.
Outer calyx-teeth long, ca. 1mm, inner poorly developed
JNU Geukypox=cexSilay Slakonges mia Clopasjorrowrowiss GG veyGUa 6 oeh tO (ob 5 6 5 Ho do ol 3.
2. Umbels of 4—6 rays, leaflets 0.5 cm vie (atten amcie) as eer
Ue Mo care me te ae ah eMule as Li Jal ellis nr chivas caviyeh pe) ve 5. P. heterodonta Korov.
as Umbels of 10—18 rays, leaflets 0.5 cm eas (Turkestan, Rance) aaa
5h TN RR TAS ane Oe 6. P. komarovii (Manden. ) Schischk.
3, Ovsiey Bing iiieume Sllalnaous (Dzwiararciery (ME MeI) Ses 6 oo 6s ees
i. 2. eEvlbtzovaw cchisehke
+e
an eee, aml pourae fheut alnenre aribescent, ripe fruit sometimes
GIL OTAO SHES BBO R AEN RAG amare Hato. a oh CRONE OME OPO estanEOonS PoMay oO Tose, aC la! ON ot 8a la ae
See Wmanioelishon fo —Zio) ayiSia ci eis 4. P. bucharica(B. Fedtsch.) Schischk.
OM mNelsrory (2) Sl OnrayiGuet anriss cee kph cecil. Laie: wot ya elie eh mca Ra Bi
5. Plants short-scabrous-hairy, subglabrous in upper half, marginal
Stalsrinoy, Sloim~eeinings 5 505 6 nb ob) dole 615 bee 2. P. depauperata Schischk.
ate Plants more or less densely soft-haired, peripheral petals usually
CUOMO ATION ga) oils ay clea MeN ead a east ialas, io tcMicl co. 10s lia aurea Mcrae elie Mee OMS i 6.
6. Leaves simple-pinnate, with subrounded, dentate leaflets (uel
TagUSTAMLEY) SER ee isd a elo) Pa pimipinelloudesmNeysiae
a Leaves Pears, it dsenre ae leaalets ONS |Owjonailes 5 Se oc oS ce oa
Lis SN RRR ARR RHI A 3. P. pamirica (Lipsky) Nevski et Vved.
* From the Greek platys — flat, taenion — canal.
191]
Section 1. EUPLATYTAENIA Schischk. — Ovary and fruit densely
pubescent.
Series 1. Pimpinellifoliae Schischk. — All calyx-teeth equal, indistinct.
1. P. pimpinelloides Nevskiin Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, IV
G93 7) ile
Perennial; stem 25—60cm high, very short-haired, branching; radical
leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatisect, with 2—4 pairs of leaflets, densely and
thinly gray-haired, leaflets subrounded or ovate, 8-10 mm long, terminal
larger, rounded-ovate, cordate at base, trisect, ca. 1.5 cm long, 2cm wide,
270 with ovate teeth produced to attenuate mucro; upper cauline leaves short-
petioled, pinnatisect, lobes linear or lanceolate-linear, entire.
Umbels of 2—6, 1—3 cm long rays; general involucre of 2—4 linear-subulate
leaflets; umbellets 9—15-flowered; pedicels velutinous-hairy, 3—4 mm long;
involucels of 4—7 linear-subulate or linear-filiform, densely hairy leaflets;
petals yellowish white, peripheral 2.5—3 mm long, 2-lobed or entire; young
fruit ellipsoid, densely hairy, disk flattened, styles filiform, 1.5 mm long,
recurved. July.
‘Stony slopes. — Centr. Asia: Mins Lurkm:, Pam. Al” Pndemic Weccmged
from Khodzha-i-Fil' village (Kugitang). Type in Leningrad.
2. P. depauperata Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda XVI, 356.
Perennial; root rather thick, multicipital; stems 20—40 cm high, numerous
or few, covered with very short rigid hairs, with few obliquely ascending
branches; radical leaves numerous, oblong-linear, 4—25 cm long, 0.5—2 cm
wide, with 2—5 pairs of ovate, sessile or short-petioluled incised-dentate
leaflets; cauline leaves 2—3, smaller, terminal with reduced blade. Umbels
1—2 cm across (in flowers), of 2—5 unequal, hairy rays; involucre of 2—5
lanceolate, pubescent, acuminate leaflets with scarious margin, much shorter
than rays; umbellets small, ca. 0.5cm across; involucels of 5 leaflets
similar to those of involucre; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals equal,
yellowish-greenish, ca. 1mm long; ovary and unripe fruit densely white-
haired; stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, 1—1.5mm long; ripe
fruit not known. July—August.
Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. (Fergana Range). Gen.
distr. : Sinkiang (Kashgaria, Ken-kol gorge). Described from C. Tien Shan
(Kichik-Uzengish River). Type in Leningrad.
Note. Close to P. pimpinelloides Nevski, from which it differs in
the peripheral petals not being enlarged, and their greenish color.
3. P. pamirica (Lipsky) Nevski et Vved. in Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR,
Sera Hl disist. 1V (1937) 271. — Zosimia pamiri ca Lipskysmevadeneke
Medd. fra den naturh. Foren i Kbnhv. (1903) 143 and in Tr. Bot. Sada,
XXII (1904) 155.
Perennial; entire plant covered with short, dense, flake-like hairs; stems
8—30m high, rigid, numerous, their base covered with remnants of petioles,
branching nearly from middle; leaves 7—8 cm long, 0.6—1.5 cm wide, crowded
at base of stem, long-petioled, simple-pinnate, with 2—4 pairs of subrounded
192
|
|
|
|
27lleaflets dissected into linear lobules. Umbels 2.5—4cm across, of 2—4 thin-
2a2
ly and sparsely pubescent rays; involucre of 1—2 short, scarious, caducous
leaflets; involucels of 2—4 ovate-lanceolate or linear, acute leaflets with
white-scarious margin; petals sulfur-yellow, smooth, peripheral enlarged;
young fruit short-haired, the ripe glabrous, ellipsoid, 10mm long, 5mm wide,
with 3 acute ribs; commissural canals oe length of fruit. July—August.
(Plate XXIII, Figure 4.)
Pebbly slopes, coastal pebbles, ca. 4,000 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from Pamir near Yashil'-Kul' Lake. Type in Lenin-
grad.
4, P. bucharica (B. Fedtsch). Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XVI, 356.—
Malabaila bucharica B. Fedtsch. in herb,
Perennial; root thick, multicipital; stems few, 20—60 cm high, erect, with
long, obliquely ascending branches nearly from base in lower half, with short-
velutinous-hairy leaves; radical leaves oblong, 7-15cm long, 2—8 cm wide,
nearly bipinnatisect, primary lobes (especially lower) short-petioluled.
Umbels 2.5—4cm across, of 9-15 short-haired, unequal rays; involucre of
o—9 lanceolate, hairy, often colored leaflets with scarious margin, lg to “
length of rays; umbellets 0.8cm across; involucels of 7—9 lanceolate, thinly
acuminate, hairy leaflets with scarious margin, slightly shorter than rays;
ovary and young fruit densely hairy; stylopodium short-conical, with undulant
margin; styles reflexed, twice as long as stylopodium. June—July.
Sandy places, rock crevices, 2,300—2,400 m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
Endemic. Described from Yakkabag. Type in Leningrad.
Series 2, Heterodontae Schischk. — Outer calyx-teeth much longer than
others.
2 heterodonta Korovs im Notulae syst. ex Herb: Inst) bots ie zoo).
Ac, Se. Uzbekistanicae, VIM (1947) 5.
Perennial; canescent plant densely covered with short hairs; neck woody,
branching, branches elongate, ascending, covered with membranous sheaths
and fibrous remnants of leaves; stems 10—40cm high, thin, many, erect,
rarely curved, cylindrical, furrowed, densely pubescent, branching from
middle; leaves clustered in lower part of plant, gray-haired on both sur-
faces, lower with thin, withering petioles gradually expanding into membra-
nous Sheaths, blade oblong, bipinnatisect into 4—5 pairs of oval, incised-
lobate, ca. 5mm long sections, lobules 1-2 mm long, lanceolate, acute;
sections of first and second orders sessile; cauline leaves sessile, with
narrow, lanceolate sheaths, upper leaves bladeless. Umbels of 4—6 thickish,
densely pubescent, ca. 10 mm long rays, with involucre of 5—7 unequal,
lanceolate, herbaceous leaflets; umbellets 12—15-flowered, with involucels
of 5—6 narrow, lanceolate, unequal leaflets as long as flowering umbellets;
calyx-teeth lanceolate, unequal; petals cream-colored, hairy outside, in
peripheral flowers bifid into rounded lobes, 2—2.5 mm long, otherwise obo-
vate, concave, with inward curved short tip, 1 mm long; stylopodium flattened-
conical, with undulant margin; styles 3mm long; fruit (unripe) ellipsoid,
gray-haired, 4mm long, ribs filiform, the marginal hardly expanding along
thickened border; resinous canals narrow, 2 toward commissure. July—
August.
193
213
Rocky and pebbly slopes in alpine mountain belt, rock debris. — Centr.
Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Turkestan Range. Type in
Tashkent.
6. P. komarovii (Manden.) Schischk. in Addenda XVI, 357.— Tordyliop-
sis komarovii Manden., in litteris et in herb.
Perennial; stem to 100cm high, cylindrical, glabrous or with sparse short
thin hairs; leaves pinnate-compound, of 5—6 pairs of ovate, oblique, more or
less incised, acutely toothed segments, glabrous above, very sparsely and
finely pubescent beneath, sheaths not swollen, upper leaves reduced, with
elongate, sometimes nearly entire segments. Umbels of (10)16—18 rays,
all rays with soft and more or less dense spreading hairs; leaflets of
involucre many, lanceolate-linear, pubescent, of involucels similar, as long
as flowering umbellets; flowers white; calyx-teeth markedly unequal, 1—2
long, lanceolate, others short-triangular, inconspicuous; peripheral
petals of marginal flowers much enlarged, deeply 2-lobed, lobes broad; an-
thers yellow; mericarps ovoid, 9mm long, 6mm wide, sparsely and finely
pubescent or glabrous; canals reach nearly to base of mericarp, dorsal
nearly filling valleculae, commissural similar,straight, closely approached;
disk broadly conical; styles 3—4times as long as disk. July—September.
- Upper limit of woody-shrubby vegetation, 2,500—3,000m,.— Centr. Asia:
T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the watershed of the Shuran
and Kzylsu rivers, western slope of Karimzhag Mountain. Type in Lenin-
grad.
Note. Mandenova included this plant in de Candolle's little-known genus
Tordyliopsis DC. (Prodr. IV, 199) after an incomplete specimen and
known only from E. India. Considering its similarity with the Central
Asian Platytaenia Nevski et Vved., we prefer to include it here.
Section 2. PSEUDOPLATYTAENIA Schischk. sect. nova in Addenda XVI,
357.— Ovary and fruit glabrous.
7. P. rubtzovii Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda XVI, 357.
Perennial; stem 50—60cm, erect, angled-ribbed, branching, covered with
soft, flake-like hairs; radical leaves long-petioled, oblong, bipinnatisect,
10—15cm long, ca. 2cm wide, soft-haired; lobules of last order 2-5 mm long,
1mm wide, acute; cauline leaves smaller, on expanded sheath. Umbels
2.5-8 cm across, of 7-13 pubescent, unequal rays; involucre and involucels
of 5—7 lanceolate, acuminate, erect, densely and finely pubescent leaflets
with broad scarious margin; umbellets ca. 1.2 cm across; pedicels hairy;
calyx-teeth short-triangular; petals sulfur-white, with inward curved tip,
dorsally faintly violet and soft-haired, peripheral much enlarged; fruit
ellipsoid, 6—7mm long, 5mm wide, glabrous, with 3 filiform, acute, dorsal
ribs and broad canals in valleculae and 2 broad merging canals at com-
missure. Fl. June, Fr. July. (Plate XXIII, Figure 5.)
Stony slopes and limestone cliffs. — Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb. (Dzungarian
Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from upper reaches of Usek River and
Taldy-Bulak gorge. Type in Leningrad.
194
<=
Genus 1074. PASTINACOPSIS Golosk.
Golosk. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR
Calyx-teeth triangular, petals rounded, acute, keeled, inward curved, fleshy,
reddish violet, hairy outside; stylopodium short-conical. Fruit compressed
dorsally, globular, with slightly thickened border, hairy; ribs filiform, 3 ap-
proximate dorsal, the 2 marginal drawn back along edge of fruit; mericarps
flat-crescent-shaped in cross section, with thin layer of mericarp, ribs in-
274 conspicuous, with 1 fibro-vascular fascicle and 1 resinous canal (resinous
275
canals lacking in valleculae and at commissure), albumen slightly concave
toward commissure. Perennial, pubescent plants, with simple-pinnate
leaves.
A monotypic genus from the alpine belt of Tien Shan, close to Hera -
cleum L. and Pastinaca L. from which it differs by the absence of
vallecular and commissural resinous canals and by the acuminate petals.
im slacialis, Golosk. le: (i950) 198:
Perennial; plant 10—20cm high, spreading over ground, root ca. 10mm
thick, long-conical, vertical, retracted, producing numerous reduced stems
(caudices) with flower-bearing stalks or rosettes of leaves; stems simple,
ascending, thin, faceted, 2—3 mm thick, often etiolated below, curved (covered
with soil), greenish and viole: with white spreading down above, 2—5cm
long; leaves green, rarely violet-green, pubescent, petiolate, radical similar
to cauline, their petioles as long as blade, often several times longer and then
petioles elongate and etiolated, violet-green only in upper part, rarely (in
upper leaves) petioles shorter than blade; sheath semiamplexicaul, imper-
ceptibly passing into petioles, leaf blade ovate-elongate, 2—5 cm long, 1.5—
2cm wide, simple-imparipinnate, with 3—6 pairs of leaflets which often
overlap, rarely elongated, with remote leaflets; leaflets rounded-ovate,
8—16mm long, 6—12 mm wide, with cordate, rarely cuneate base, deeply
dissected into subsessile, oblong, wide, sometimes dentate lobes, rarely
on petioles to5mm long. Peduncles slightly faceted, often violet- green,
thin, 1.5—2 mm thick, 10—15 cm long, erect or ascending; umbels 2—3 em
across, of 4—7 antrorse more or less equal rays, 1.5—2 cm long; involucre
of 3—5 short-triangular, rarely linear leaflets; involucels of 3—4 linear
leaflets as long as or shorter than pedicels; flowers 4—6 per umbellet, on
more or less equal, 2—5 mm long pedicels; peduncles, umbel rays, pedicels
and leaflets of involucre and involucels with long and white spreading hairs,
villous when young; flowers bisexual, ovary white-downy; petals rounded,
ca. 1.5mm across, acuminate, curved inward (especially at apex) midrib
thickened (inside), keeled, reddish-violet, yellow at distal margin, white-
downy outside; anthers yellow, rounded, with short thick filament curved
inward in flower, at end of flowering twice as long as petals; stylopodium
rounded- conical, ca. 1mm long and as wide, greenish yellow; styles thick,
as long as stylopodium, arcuate inwards, with brown capitate stigma; fruit
more or less flat, broadly winged, globular or subglobular, 5—6 mm across,
yellowish-violet to green, pubescent outside, with 3 darker, approximate,
filiform, arcuately curved dorsal and 2 similar lateral ribs, these far
removed from the median and extending along the outer, thicker and greenish
margin of fruit, flat toward commissure, greenish-brown, greenish- white,
195
276
thickened margin slightly curved inward, not uniting in upper and lower
parts, which bear a small, transverse ridge; albumen transparent, more
or less flat, rounded- elliptic, ca. 4mm long, 3mm wide, centrally situated
in mericarp; carpophore filiform, partite; mericarps flat-crescent-shaped
in cross section, its margin thickened, curved inward; layer of pericarp
thin; seed coat slightly detached from pericarp; ribs inconspicuous, with
small resinous canals above vascular bundles (these canals absent in
valleculae and commissure); fibro-vascular bundles of marginal ribs much
larger than the dorsal; inner part of pericarp with continuous ring of ele-
ments of mechanical tissue, their margins united with margins of fibro-
vascular bundles; albumen flat-elliptic, somewhat broadly concave toward
commissure, where it unites with fibro-vascular bundles of seed cover;
surface of mericarp covered with 1-celled, transparent hairs. Fl. and Fr.
August. (Table XXIII, Figure 2.)
Fine-earth, stony localities in glacial moraines and movable, small stone
taluses in alpine belt in Tien Shan. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. De-
scribed from sources of Issyk and Zhazhgyryk rivers. Type in Leningrad,
cotype in Alma-Ata.
Genus 1075. ORMOSCIADIUM * Boiss.
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, Il (1844) 95
Calyx-teeth hardly discernible; petals white or pink-violet, obcordate,
notched, with inward curved lobule, peripheral petals much enlarged; fruit
compressed dorsally, mericarps scaphoid, inflated outside where scabrous
and deeply concave, dorsal ribs (3) filiform, inconspicuous, marginal swollen,
spongy, with 1 row of obtuse tubercles; canals lacking, commissure concave,
slightly pubescent, with protruding median keel. Annuals, with involucre
and involucels of subulate sometimes ternate-partite leaflets, and palmatisect
leaves with subulate terminal lobes.
Two species, in SW Asia.
1. O. pulchrum Schischk. in Referat. nauchno-issl. rabot za 1945 g.
Otdel. biolog. nauk. (1947) 10.— O. aucheri Grossh., Fl. Kavk. III 194,
non Boiss.
Annual; root thin, vertical, not branching; stem 15—32 cm high, branching
from base, very short-scabrous-hairy below, glabrous above; leaves on
expanded sheaths with broad white scarious margin, subrounded, 2.5—5 cm
long, 2.5—4.5 cm wide, palmatisect into hispid, elongate, mucronate, 1—5 cm
long lobes. Umbels 3—4cm across, of 7—11 thin, unequal, glabrous rays;
involucre of 5—7 hispid, entire or 3-partite leaflets; umbellets ca. 1.5cm
across; involucels of 3 subulate slightly adnate leaflets, 2—3 times as long
as umbellets; calyx-teeth hardly visible; petals pink-violet or whitish pink,
rarely nearly white, to 5mm long, deeply and unequally 2-lobed; fruit ovoid,
4mm long,2.5mm wide. May—June. (Plate XXI, Figure 1.)
Stony slopes and taluses. — Caucasus: may occur in S. Transcaucasia,
since it is known from the border areas (Kagyzman). Gen. distr.: Arm.-
Kurd. Described from near Kharput. Type in Leningrad.
* From the Greek ormos — necklace, crown, scias —umbrella.
196
217
Genus 1076. TORDYLIUM ~* L.
L. Sp pl. (1753) 240.—Pastinaca Sect. Tordylium Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 247.—
Hasselquistia L. Cent. pl.1 (1755) 9.-Condylocarpus Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed 2 (1816) 202
Calyx-teeth distinct, unequal, persistent in fruit; petals white or pink,
notched, with inward curved ligule, dorsally more or less pubescent, peri-
pheral petals enlarged, 2-lobed. Fruit oval or suborbicular, dorsally flat-
tened, in middle part flat, covered with prickly hairs, with spongy-thickened
rugose or smooth margin; stylopodium conical; styles divergent or reflexed;
stigmas capitate; mericarps with 3 filiform, hardly protruding ribs each
containing a weakly developed fibro-vascular bundle; canals solitary under
valleculae, 2—4 toward commissure; albumen flattened in cross section,
slightly concave toward commissure. Annual, biennial or perennial, more
or less pubescent herbs, with simple or bipinnate leaves.
About 6 species in the Mediterranean area and the Caucasus.
1. Leaves simple-pinnate, involucre and involucels present; fruit glo-
OWAIE, Whale, TIGOSS weve eialaleUNS) Bie 55 /a dissc 5 cc ID ME, taalebalaanbiagy ILy
++ Leaves bipinnate, involucre and involucels lacking; fruit ovoid with
SMMOGUM, MAS sereniraisies |oubSralarlellSin eon gue. hal dmueenonale 2. T. komarovii Mand.
Peeniascarmn ume Its on pla (Cli53))) 240) bdbs Bikysnoss ease mSorsise
ibOce hh Oss Siamalo ee) eal Zi GicOS Soe) Hale, | anv: keor Ie eee
Heracleum tordylium Spreng. Umbell. Spec. (1813) 49.— Pasti-
naca tordylium Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 247.
Annual or biennial; root fusiform, whitish, often branching; stem 30—
100 cm high, furrowed, erect, usually branching from middle, middle and
upper parts covered with short, setaceous, retrorse, appressed hairs, in
lower part and at nodes hairs longer, spreading; radical leaves long-petioled,
simple-pinnatisect with 2—4 pairs of leaflets with rounded or subcordate
base, rounded-ovate, obtuse, sessile, obtusely toothed;median cauline leaves
short-petioled or blade sessile on short bristly-hairy sheaths with narrow
scarious margin; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, attenuate at base,
with large obtuse teeth, sometimes slightly notched at base, covered with
bristly hairs ca. 4cm long; terminal leaflet oblong, sometimes 3-lobed.
Umbels of 5—15 thickish rays with oblique declinate bristles; involucre of
many lanceolate or linear-subulate, remote, herbaceous, short-bristly leaf-
lets shorter than rays; involucels similar, nearly as long as umbels; flow-
ers often bisexual or staminate, peripheral enlarged; calyx-teeth lanceolate,
bristly-hairy; petals white, sometimes in lower part reddish,covered with
appressed bristles, obcordate, with inward curved tip, peripheral petals en-
larged; fruit 5—7 mm long, globular-ellipsoid, tuberculate, covered with short
spines, with spongy thickened and rugose marginal wings, and thin dorsal
ribs; canals solitary in valleculae, 2—4 toward commissure. June—July.
(Plate XXII, Figure 1.)
Stony and shrubby slopes, forest edges, roadsides, near hedges, rarely
HIMONoCGOpS. 5. Munro pean partes, Crim; Caucasus: Cis.) icra.
and W. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med. (W. and E.), Bal.-
As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Italy. Type in London.
* From Dioscorides' name — tordylion.
197
278 2. T. komarovii Manden. in Not. syst. ac geogr. Inst. bot. Tphilis.
91(194.0)/ 4 I> Se) -Miamdien! Wier fl),
Biennial or perennial; root fusiform, its neck covered with remnants of
sheaths; stem branching, ribbed, slightly violet at base, glabrous in lower
part, with sparse short white hairs in upper part; lower cauline leaves
ovate, long-petioled, bipinnatisect into 2—3 pairs of short-petioluled primary
lobes, lobes of second order broadly ovate, toothed, terminal lobe larger
than the others, 4cm long, 2 cm wide, largely crenate-dentate; upper leaves
with short petioles slightly expanding at base, and sublinear, entire, terminal
lobes; uppermost leaves with short sheath and obsolete, linear or 3-partite
blade. Umbels of 4—8 rays, umbellets 6—8-flowered, pedicels scabrous-
hairy; involucre and involucels absent; calyx-teeth triangular-subulate,
persistent in fruit; petals white, peripheral enlarged, more or less deeply
2-lobed, with acute inward curved liguliform tip, central flowers in umbellet
very small, their petals entire, with acute inward curved tip, slightly hairy
on the outside; ovary densely covered with rather long hairs; fruit oval,
7—8mm long, 4—5mm wide, dorsally compressed, pubescent, with 3 thin
filiform dorsal ribs and much thickened glabrous margin; canals solitary
in valleculae, 2 toward commissure; stylopodium short-conical; styles
recurved, longer than stylopodium. July.
Pebbly slopes. — Caucasus: Dag. Endemic. Described from Dagestan.
Type in Tbilisi.
Tribe 7. LASERPITIEAE Drude in E. u. P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8(1898)
244, exp. — Flowers bisexual or polygamous, all fertile on main umbel;
calyx-teeth hardly discernible; petals sessile or tapering to more or less
long claw, obcordate; stylopodium pulviniform; fruit dorsally compressed;
secondary ribs more or less strongly protruding, often expanding to broad,
entire, sometimes undulant wings.
Genus 1077. POLYLOPHIUM * Boiss.
Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. (1844) 47.— Acanthopleura C. Koch in Bot. Zeit. (1849) 408.—
Galbanum Don, Phil. Mag. 1X (1831) 46 et in Trans. Linn. XVI (1833) 603; Benth. et Hook. Gen. I
(1867) 1009
Calyx with 5 short teeth; petals obovate, notched, with inward curved
279 lobule, white (in Russian species). Fruit oblong,subrounded in cross section.
Primary and secondary ribs expanded into undulant-curly wings, secondary
often more developed; canals solitary in secondary ribs; albumen nearly flat
toward commissure. Perennial herbs with multipinnatisect leaves.
Five species in SW Asia.
1. M. panjutinii Manden. et Schischk. in Bot. zhurn. XXXIII, 3 (1948)
318. > Ie): Manden. et Schischk. lic. Figure 2:
Perennial; root thick, 1.5—2 cm across, its neck densely covered with
dark brown remnants of petioles; stem erect, cylindrical, massive inside,
*
From the Greek poly — many, lophos — elevation, crest, wing.
198
280
like leaves glabrous, with oblique antrorse branches sometimes nearly as
long as main stem; radical leaves numerous, broadly ovate, 5—12 cm long,
2—4 cm wide, their petioles shorter or longer than blade, abruptly expanding
into sheath, 3—4-pinnatisect, primary and secondary lobes with more or less
long petiolules; lobules of last order narrowly linear, 2—6 mm long, 0.2—1 mm
wide, acute; cauline leaves few, smaller. Umbels 3.5—7 cm across at flower-
ing, enlarging in fruit, of 25—35 acutely scabrous rays; involucre of 6—8
lanceolate, acute leaflets with broad scarious margin, erect at first, later
recurved, nearly as long as rays; umbellets many-flowered, ca. 1.5 cm
across; involucels of 8 ovate-lanceolate or ovate, nearly entirely scarious,
erect, later recurved leaflets, with finely ciliate margin, scabrous in green
middle part, as long as or longer than umbellets; calyx-teeth short; petals
white or slightly pinkish, ca. 1.5mm long, obcordate, notched; fruit (unripe)
ovoid, 4—5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles flat,
reflexed, twice as long as stylopodium. July—August.
Subalpine slopes, 1,800 m. — Caucasus: W. Transc. (Megrelia). Endemic.
Described from Migaria River. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1078. LASERPITIUM * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 248
Flowers usually bisexual, rarely pistillate or staminate; calyx-teeth well
defined, broadly or narrowly lanceolate, rarely elongate-subulate; petals
white, reddish or pale yellow, all equal or peripheral, slightly enlarged,
obcordate, abruptly tapering to short claw, notched, with inward curved
lobule, glabrous or with few bristles outside; fruit broadly or narrowly
ellipsoid; mericarps with 5 slightly protruding main ribs, containing fibro-
vascular bundle, often covered with bristles, and 4 winglike secondary ribs,
2 narrower ones dorsal, 2 wider lateral ones adjacent to commissure.
Canals solitary under secondary ribs; stylopodium conical or short-conical;
styles erect, divergent or reflexed. Perennial, rarely biennial, glabrous
or pubescent herbs, with biternate or bipinnate leaves, with involucre and
involucels.
To 30 species, from the Canary Islands to Siberia and Iran, none in Siberia
and Central Asia.
1. Leaflets of involucre (if present) glabrous or with thinly scabrous
margin, oblong-linear or linear-subulate; leaflets of involucels
SUOUMSaSe aU SiON aaa eee Ale ye MS ee eee aren ae ey OPM cram SEES AMIE HE a Ns OM De
1 Leaflets of involucre with more or less long hairs along margin
(at least distally), linear, oblong or ovate-lanceolate; leaflets of
TANOMUICSIS, LEiMOSOMEE (OO Si OONAENS ARUSHA Gee cluea S8ole op 5 6 Blo 5 oo 5 ats
2. Stems 80—150cm high; leaflets of radical and lower cauline leaves
laeeoZacm onions 0 cma wade: umbels of ZO —2 0) mavish ] wee ane
5113) so) SRS Sy EN ema al RE the TR ieee AR ee OD Py Vata rola see
* From the Greek laserion — a resinous substance, extracted in ancient times from the root of Ferula
silphium, and piticein — flow. According to Pliny, this plant is the source of the well-known juice —
silphium.
199
281
+ Stems 35—80cm high; leaflets of radical and lower cauline leaves
2—4 cm long and 0.8—2 cm wide; umbels of 10-20 rays .......... 3.
3. Radical and lower cauline leaves biternate; petals white or pink,
1mm long (Carpathians) EAS ates Ae CaN as 2. L. alpinum Waldst. et Kit.
als Radical and lower cauline leaves bipinnate; petals pale yellow,
125 OF mislome (@aveasuc) nt hee wy nue ua ley aimee sei ats 3.7 Lu. vaffinen alo:
4. Umbels of 30—60 glabrous rays; leaflets of involucre narrowly linear,
with scarious margin, ultimately (sic! ) often ternately or pinnately
incised; fruit large, 10—11mm long, 8—9mm wide, glabrous.......
nia aN CA, Mad Ree AA Ma ae a 5. LL. stevenit- Fisch eriisgainine
7° Umbels of 13—30 more or less hispid rays; leaflets of involucre
lanceolate, with broad scarious margins, always entire; fruit 4—6 mm
long, 3—4 mm wide; fruit with bristly hairs on primary ribs. 4a 5.
5. Stems glabrous above; petals white or yellowish white; fruit ovoid,
Baty raoion AC aie,, SJ adved WIGS” alo) a AiG rio oy boo cso 6. L. prutenicum EE;
oir Stems bristly-hairy above; petals yellow; fruit elliptic-oblong, 6mm
erage mcr welGlele Moma memnmeweemtcne Nomis Meyatshon Vaftcnyantelte Me Weis 4, L. hispidum M. B.
_ Section 1. PLATYPHYLLA (Rchb. file )eme. hell: Sinvbles i a liiensiaae
Mitt.-Eur. V, 2(1926) 1475.— Stem thick, with fibrous remnants of leaves
at base; sheaths of upper leaves inflated; petals white, glabrous; terminal
leaf lobes broad, toothed.
ieetke latifoliaum ©.) Sp. pl. (1753) 248: Wdb. Pky Ross. lp 335i Siamaeiiiae
Bip 415.— lL. elabrum Crantz, Stirp. Austr: ed. 1 Il (1767) 50 pe
iProdr: Iv, 204,— ly, aspernum Crantz, Lc. 505. comm cme iis
Gard. Diet. ed) VILL( 1768) No, 1. — Eh. palud api tol inna: Wile (1768)
Nos. =. cris pum Tura, HI) Ital, Prodi: (1780) 6b). Maem orenmtoneas
Lam. Encycl. Ill (1789) 423.— L. cervaria Gmel. Fl. Bad. I (1805)
Cie pubescens Mac, Gem, et spy move (186) 172. Ie jose mnclenes
siler Schur in Verh. Sieb. Ver. Natur. IV (1853) 30.— L. "asperri-
mum' Schur, Enum. plant. Trans. (1866) 269.— L. gracile Schur, lc.
(1866) 269.— L. wincleri Herbich, Select. (1836) 11.—L. podolicum
Rehmann in Verhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. XVIII (1868) 497.— Daucus lati-
folius Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 148.—Ic.: Rchb.
ice wel Germ. SOX) tab. 1985: medch.- and: Mler., Hilk Evicop hiOSsamaues
Perennial; root-neck densely covered with thin, rather long, capilliform,
6—7 cm long fibers remaining from dead leaves; stem 80—150 cm high,
subcylindrical, with soft pith, glabrous, thinly ribbed, glaucous, slightly
branching above; leaves with more or less long petioles expanding into
oblong, 3—7 cm long sheath with scarious margin; lower leaves twice ternate-
ly dissected; primary lobes with long petiolules; leaflets of last order ovate,
5—7(12) cm long, 3—4(10) cm wide, obliquely cordate at base, secund, their
margin shallowly toothed, scabrous, paler beneath, with acute bristles along
nerves; leaflets of upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire, gradually
tapering to petiole, with scabrous margin. Umbels of 15—40 unequal,
acutely scabrous rays; involucre of 8—10 linear-lanceolate, thinly acuminate,
glabrous leaflets; involucels of few filiform leaflets; pedicels acutely sca-
brous; petals white, notched; ovary hispid; fruit glabrous, ovoid, 6-10mm
long, 4—7 mm wide, with winged, undulant, secondary ribs. July.
200
283
Forests, frequently beech forests, shrubs, felled areas in forests, at
edge of cliffs. — European part: Lad. Ilm. (south, Velikie Luki District),
Bale, WW, IDiajOs, Wo We, IMis Dhajo,, IBSS5, We. IDins, Crem, Chignie,s (Cerne, Biavel
Atl. Eur., Scand. (S.), Bal., Med., Iran. Described from European
forests. Type in London.
2. L. alpinum Waldst. et Kit. Pl. rar. hung. II (1805) 281.—Ic.:
Weldctalen ket Op.) cit Lie 1802) tabs 253-mRechby lic. ml. \Geru4, xo
(1865) tab. 1986.
Perennial; root thick, ca. 1cm across, vertical, oblique or ascending, its
neck densely covered with dark brown fibrous remnants of leaves; stem
40—60 cm high, erect, very short-scabrous-hairy or subglabrous, thinly
ribbed (striated), cylindrical, massive inside, slightly branching above or
simple; radical leaves few, long-petioled, blade broadly triangular, biternate;
leaflets ovate, sometimes broadly ovate, sessile or short-petioluled, 1.8—
3 cm long, 1—2 cm wide, obtuse or acuminate, dark green and glabrous above,
paler beneath, with short bristly hairs along nerves or with white, rather
long bristles, rarely glabrous; cauline leaves similar to radical, their
shorter petioles abruptly passing into expanded sheath, upper leaves sessile
on amplexicaul sheath. Umbels 2.5—4cm across, of 11—19 slightly unequal
rays acutely scabrous above; involucre of 5—7 narrow lanceolate or linear,
thinly acuminate, erect or spreading, glabrous leaflets with scarious margin;
umbellets ca. 1cm across; involucels of 6—8 filiform, sometimes hispid
leaflets nearly as long as umbellets; petals white, ca. 1 mm long, notched,
with inward curved lobule, glabrous on the outside; stylopodium conical;
styles after blossoming nearly twice as long as stylopodium, divergent,
ultimately reflexed. June—July.
Mountain meadows. — European part: U. Dns. (Carpathians). Gen. distr.:
W. Carpathians. Described from the Carpathians. Type in Budapest.
320s. aitine db. Fl. Ross. Il (1844) 335; Grossp., Fl. Kavk. Ji 195. —
I, leucolaenum Boiss. et Bal. ex Boiss. Fl. or. 11 (1872) 1065.
Perennial; root erect, thickened above; stem erect, 35—80 cm high,
glabrous, ribbed, slightly branching above; radical and lower cauline leaves
with long petioles abruptly expanding into amplexicaul sheath, their blade
broadly triangular, 10—15 cm long, nearly as wide, bipinnate, lobes of second
order ovate-oblong, 2—4 cm long, 0.8—1.5 cm wide, entire or trifid, cuneate
or truncate at base, bidentate; petioles, petiolules and lower side of nerves
with long, stiffish, spreading or semi-appressed white hairs; uppermost
leaves small, sessile on inflated sheath. Umbels of 12—20 subglabrous
rays; involucre and involucels multifoliate, their leaflets oblong or linear-
oblong, with broad scarious, slightly scabrous margin, mucronate, spreading
or recurved, usually pale yellow; leaflets of umbellets acutely scabrous
above; calyx teeth ovate acuminate; petals pale yellow, 1.5—2 mm long,
notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium conical, styles longer, recurved;
fruit with indistinct secondary ribs, lateral wings cross striated, nearly as
wide as mericarps. July—August.
Alpine and subalpine meadows. — Caucasus: W. Transc. Gen. distr.:
Pontus Range. Described from Guria. Type in Leningrad.
201
284
Sa
Section 2. DAUCOPSIS Thell. in Hegi, III. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. V, 2(1926) 1476. 5
Biennial and perennial plants, without fibers at stem base; petals hairy
on outside, usually yellowish when dry; main ribs of fruit often with straight
spreading bristles.
4) hispidum) MM. Bo ils taur)-caucs 1 (1808) 221: DC) sProdese
206; idbiy HI Ross. Wis soGss Bosse esos Mp. SOG4> Slanaciies aeenlemae
419; Grossic., Kl. Kavi. Wil l95o)— . pilosiumy Willdiy Enum roe
Berol. (1809) 310.— L. pilosuma@. hispidum Hoeft, Cat. Kursk. (1826)
23.— Daucus hispidus Callier in sched. ad pl. exs. No. 615 (1900). —
IcysDG. Coll. mem, V, tab: 3, flowers. = Exs. °"G.R: EF: Noy L066-"7@altier
Iter. taur.-tert. No.615; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4329. —
Perennial; root fusiform, thickened, aromatic; stem to 40—120 cm high,
with sparse, long, whitish, more or less spreading, bristly hairs above, in
lower part hairs more profuse, retrorse; radical leaves triangular, 10—35 cm
long, nearly as wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, with more or less long
petioles, primary and secondary lobes petioluled, broadly ovate, dentate or
in turn pinnatifid, 1—1.5cm long, 0.8B—l1cm wide. Umbels 4—8 cm across,
of 20—30 spreading-hairy rays; involucre of many lanceolate, acute, hairy
leaflets with scarious margin, 10—15mm long, 5mm wide, ultimately re-
curved; umbellets ca. 1 cm across, with densely pubescent rays; leaflets of
involucels many, linear, acuminate, with scarious margin, as long as um-
bellets or longer; petals yellow, deeply obcordate, with long inward curved
tip; fruit elliptic-oblong, 6 mm long, 4mm wide, primary ribs filiform with
2 rows of long and short, divergent white bristles, secondary ribs expanding,
membranous, shiny, eroded-dentate, lateral wings nearly as wide as com-
missure, the dorsal narrower, canals solitary in valleculae, 2 toward
commissure. June—July. (Plate XXII, Figure 2.)
Meadow slopes, chalk outcrops, rocks, escarpments, marly limestones,
coastal gravels. — European part: L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., W.
and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Artvin district. Described from the Crimea
and Caucasus. Type in Leningrad.
5. L. stevenii Fisch. et Trautv. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. IV (1837)
207. daucit or me Schmailhs ex Akint, in Izv.) Kavk> otd= (Geer:
obshch,. (1892) 207; Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. X (1892) 289; Grossg.,
Fl. Kavk. II, 195.— L. platyspermum Somm., et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn.
boi aitalk (1895) 83: ir, Bow Sada, Xvi (1900) 198: (Grosso. (Hlemicaae
THEIL ISN
Perennial; stem thick, ca. 1cm across, 100 cm high, furrowed, hairy
below, glabrous above, with whitish hairs at internodes; radical leaves with
petioles as long as blade, triangular, 30—40 cm long, 20—30 cm wide, tri-
pinnate, petiolules with bundle of rather long hairs at base, tertiary lobes
ovate-lanceolate, petioluled, at base pinnatisect, at apex deeply pinnatifid,
lower lobules of last order lanceolate, acute, with short mucro, hairy
beneath, glabrous above. Umbels large, of 30—60 glabrous rays, 7-9 cm
long; leaflets of involucre many, narrowly linear, nearly a or ie length of
rays, pubescent, persistent, recurved, in part ternately or pinnately incised;
umbellets of 30—40 rays scabrous inside; involucels narrowly linear;
calyx-teeth more or less pubescent, subulate, as long as stylopodium;
202
(285)
PLATE XXIII. Schematic drawings of mericarps in cross sections: 1—Stenotaenia daralaghe-
zica (Takht.) Schischk.; 2— Pastinacopsis glacialis Golosk.; 3 —Schumannia karelinii
(Bge.) Korov.; 4—Platytaenia pamirica (Lipsky) Nevski et Vved.; 5 — P. rubtzovii Schischk.;
6—Xanthogalum purpurascens Lallem.; 7—Soranthus meyeri Ldb.
203
287
288
petals yellowish; fruit smooth, dorsally compressed, ovate-elliptic, 10-11 mm
long, 8-9 mm wide, notched at base and apex, 5 primary ribs filiform,
4 secondary ribs expanding into very unequal, yellowish, shiny wings, lateral
ribs entire, slightly undulant, 3—3.5 mm wide, wider than commissure, the
dorsal 3—4 times narrower; canals large, solitary in valleculae, 2 toward
commissure; albumen concave inside; carpophore 2-partite nearly to base;
styles recurved, 3 times as long as stylopodium; fruit aromatic. July.
Mountain meadows, coniferous forests, ca. 2,000m.— Caucasus: Cisc.,
W. Transc. Endemic. Described after a plant grown from seed sent by
C. Steven. Type in Leningrad.
Note. The present name has priority over the generally accepted
L. dauciforme Schmalh.; Fischer and Trautvetter's diagnosis leaves no
doubt that this species has previously been described from a cultivated
specimen grown from seed sent by Steven, the description of which perfectly
fits the present species.
6.) Le\prubsenicum Io. Sp. pl. (l753)246-" De. Prodrs 1V4) 206 sisclamale
Ross slGwoso-nshnialios, Hl i lo. Li Se limon dies (want zie suger
Noises CCl 1 IONS) I Dy else ci blintiaa Ghuillon IM Midannena, (1752)
13, — li. athamantae Sprengs in Schult? Syst. veg. Wl (1820) 624me:
Prod caniNen20Gjeledb. EIR UROSSs He S36.5> 1a dau ¢ ondies DutemexaDem
Prodr. IV (1830) 206.—Selinum hispidum Clairy. Man d'herbomiser
(1811) 80.— Daucus prutenicus Krause in Sturm's Flora 2 A. Schrift.
Deutsch. Lehrer-Ver. Naturk. XIV (1904) 146.—Ic.: Syreishchikov, III.
Et Mosietoulbs, lie V4 20 Exo (G. Re H.Nownle?
Biennial; root long, vertical, not thick; stem 50—120cm high, with few
antrorse branches above, in lower part densely covered with bristly spread-
ing hairs, in middle part hairs sparser, upper part glabrous; leaves with
long petioles, bi- or nearly tripinnate, blade generally broadly triangular
or oblong; petioles of lower leaves densely hispid; leaflets of second order
lanceolate or ovate, lower deeply pinnatifid nearly to midrib; median leaves
dentate, upper nearly entire, acute, with scabrous margin, hispid along
nerves beneath. Umbels of 13—25 rays strongly hispid above; involucre of
9 linear-lanceolate acuminate retrorse leaflets with broad scarious margin,
1.2—1.3 cm long; umbellets many-rayed; involucels of many linear-lanceolate,
nearly entirely scarious, recurved leaflets; fruit ovoid, 4.5mm long, 3—4mm
wide, with short stiff hairs along main ribs. July—August.
Oak, larch-pine forests, pine forests, illegal fellings, shrubs. — European
Daciaveckiae Ue Dnpp. Ve D. . Dns..) UV... Ve-Don, Le Dona Vranas
(Ql) wabransyv. oki Genscdistr ; Ath and CentmaMurcs, sealeMecdmm ane
rarely). Described from Prussia [sic]. Type in London.
Tribe 8. DAUCEAE Drude in E. u. P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 247.
Flowers bisexual or in part asexual; petals notched, with inward curved
lobule often enlarged and then deeply obcordate, unequally 2-lobed; stylo-
podium more or less flat; fruit ellipsoid or oblong, main ribs beset with
bristles, hardly protruding, secondary ribs with 1 row of long spines dilated
at base; albumen flat toward commissure; pericarp devoid of crystals.
204
289
Genus 1079. DAUCUS * L.
L. Sp. pl. (1753) 242.— Daucus subgenus a. Daucus Rchb. Consp. regni vegetabil. (1828) 142. —
Staflinus Rafin. New. Fl. Am. IV (1836) 28.—Platyspermum Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. (1814) 64.—
Carota Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 468
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, reddish or yellowish, obovate,
notched, with inward curved lobule, peripheral petals distinctly enlarging;
stylopodium short-conical, styles spreading, 2—3 times as long as stylo-
podium, ultimately recurved, stigma capitate; fruit ovoid or ellipsoid;
mericarps nearly semi-rounded in cross section, with 5 main and 4 second-
ary ribs, main ribs filiform, usually with 2 rows of acute, often slightly
curved bristles, secondary ribs with uniseriate, subulate spines, these
dorsally slightly compressed, adnate at base to produce distinct border,
with villous papillae beneath, and crown of hamate appendages above; middle
layer of pericarp of elongate, narrow, thickened and woody cells in inner
half, of thin-walled, not woody cells in outer half; canals solitary under
secondary ribs, 2 toward commissure; albumen flat or broadly notched
toward commissure; carpophore entire. Biennial, rarely annual or perennial
herbs, with multipinnatisect leaves.
Up to 60 species, mainly in the Mediterranean area, but also in Africa,
Australia, New Zealand and N. and S. America.
ile BOO, wiaueusla, wautian MSCH ONS 05 becca bedi 6 oo ono 0 1d) Oey ols kD ancaroramla:
Root wleshya edible, Colored \2 2 y.)5c 9 a. 2. D. sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl.
iD ecarcgtanley Spe plai( i753) 2425) vary Be leva. -excle lcs EE aNOS Ss:
HPSsop Boiss. Hlmor) Me HOTGsShinalve.5 El. 416: Grossg., Fl. Kavk.
ie w96H— Das valy elsitsaiseMile (Gard. Diet ed. vill GU7/GIS) INO ne
Daigulkvennis) Neck.) Welie: ‘Galllo> Belg: G76) 13.95 — sD a lnsyppicl isi enlatias
Fl. lithuan. 11(1772) 10.— D. maritimus With. Bot. Arr. ed. BU
(1796) 290, non Lam. (1783).— D. carota var. caucasicus Hoffm.
Umbell. gen. ed. 2 (1816) 63, 204.— D. allioni Link, Handb. 1 (1829)
Pia Dpaanmitanveus All 8. pter ochlaena DC.) Prodva iia (iss(0)
Pigevidb: wHInmRoOSSs) Wills.) mony). agrestis Rafin. New Fl. Am,
IV (1836) 27.— D. exiguus Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1 (1840) 485) = 2 Dey bale,
trianus Bge. Rel. Lehmann. Rot. (CIBSiD). WIS Iwesiss, Ill, ©ic, Wh LOTT. —
D. montanus Schmidt ex Nym. Consp. (1854-1855) 279. -D. mar cidus
Repel Soc Pot Eee Oil (1866) Cl Ve WD. ol abiera @piziex Celak.
Prodr. Fl. Boehm. III (1874) 582. —_D. australis Kotov. in Pot. mat.
zhurn. I, No. 2 (1940) 278. — 2D. exarmatus Korov. im Bot. mat. fg@uc\o), Iaisie,
bot. izool. AN UzSSR, XII(1948)23.— Caucalis carota Huds. Fl. Angl.
ed. 2 (1762) 114.— C. daucus Crantz. Stirp. Austr. ed. 1, (AVES) Lab
CG. carnosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1(1778) 119.— Carota sylvestris
Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 468; Sert. tiansch. (1866) 49.— Ic.: Hoffm. Gen.
Umbell. ed. 2 (1816) Frontsp. f. 1 (fr.); Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI, tab.
AOOO, = IES 2 (Gia Io 15 INOS (53)
Biennial, rarely annual; root fusiform, commonly whitish; stem 25—100 cm
high, furrowed, simple or branching above, like leaves scabrous- hairy
(rarely subglabrous); leaves triangular, ovate or oblong, 14—20 cm long,
4—6 cm wide, 2—4-pinnate, lower with more or less long petioles, upper
sessile on oblong sheath with white-scarious margin; lobules of last
* From the Greek danein — to bum,referring to the burning taste of the seeds.
205
order ovate or oblong, obtuse, with short mucro, dentate or incised, margin
slightly rolled downward, obtuse. Umbels 4—10cm across, 50-rayed, rays
scabrous-hairy, flowering umbels flat or convex, compact in fruit; involucre
of many 3-partite or pinnate leaflets with narrow scarious margins in lower
part, nearly as long as umbels; umbellets 1—2 cm across, many - flowered,
leaflets of involucre many, linear-subulate or oblong or narrowly ovate,
inner entire, nearly wholly membranous, outer nearly wholly herbaceous, with
narrow scarious margins, often 3-partite or 3-toothed, rarely pinnate, all
with more or less ciliate margin; flowers in part bisexual, otherwise stami-
nate (particularly in lateral umbellets); middle umbellet, in center of umbel
is reduced to a dark red (often cleistogamous) flower; calyx-teeth small but
visible, triangular-ovate; petals white or yellow (sulfur-yellow when dry),
rarely pink or purple, obcordate, villous inside, smooth or with remote hairs
outside, notched, with inward curved lobule; peripheral petals enlarged, to
2—3 mm long, 2-lobed to middle; fruit 3—4mm long, 1.5—2mm wide. May—
July.
290 Shrubs, forest edges, roadsides, fields, kitchen gardens, orchards. —
European part: Lad.-Ilm., Balt., U. Dnp. M. D., U. V.-Kama(W.), V. Don,
Bes Ons wht lL, Won, Wl. wes Caucasus: everywhere; Centr. Asia:
Beikhis) Teoh, Pam: Als Sie Dis pAmau MDs. TRG YZ 2h jo, KGa ie eM atl
Yurkm. Gen. distr.: Scand. (S.), Centr. and Atl, Eur., Med., escaped
in N. andS. America, Australia and New Zealand. Described from Europe.
Type in London.
Economic importance. Wild carrot is a weed in the south European part
of the USSR, Caucasus and Central Asia. Because of the stiffness of the
stem and the spinose fruits, it is of little value as fodder. The essential
oil of the fruits and leaves contains the spirit daucol.
Note. In the USSR, Rubashevskaya (Trudy po prikl. bot. gen. i sel.
XXVI (1931) 211) has separated D. carota into the two subspecies — subsp.
orientalis Rubasch. (Central Asia, SW Asia, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan)
and subsp. occidentalis Rubasch. (European part of USSR and Caucasus),
ignoring previously described subspecies or varieties. In 1932, Zagorodskikh
(Doklady Akad. Nauk, 25, no.6 (1939) 522—555), again without referring
to available literature, established the following 5 subspecies: 1) Subsp.
afganicus Zagor. (all Asia, Africa and part of Europe), 2) subsp. Ssyria-
cus Zagor. (Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Africa), 3) subsp. cilicicus
Zagor. (Cilicia), 4) subsp. mediterraneus Zagor. (Europe, America,
part of Asia and Africa), and 5) subsp. japonicus Zagor. (Japanese is-
lands and Sea of Japan coast). Such studies, divorced from the literature,
are of little value.
Many authors describe or record plants with yellow or yellowish petals.
In 1916, Hoffmann (Plant. Umbell. Gen. ed. I, p. 63 et 204), noting the
yellow-colored form of D. carota, recognized variety caucasicus Hoffm.,
distinguished by yellowish petals (and fruits). In 1851 Bunge described
D. bactrianus Bge. from near Samarkand, again mentioning the yellow
petals. But Bunge had available only 1 specimen collected in the late fall.
Yu. Voronov (Fl. Yugo-Vostoka (vol. V, p. 838) (1931)) mentions a specimen
from near Stepnoe with golden yellow petals and yellow rays and pedicels.
In 1940 Kotov (1. c.) described D. australis Kotov from specimens with
yellow petals and yellow rays and pedicels collected in the Ukraine. In
601167 206
292
1948 Korovin (1. c.) also describes the plant with yellow petals from Pamir-
Alai. Ail considered, the color yellow is observed nearly throughout the
entire distribution area of D. carotain the USSR. Yellow-colored forms
have also been observed in W. Europe. There are many specimens of the
yellow D. carota inthe herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR, collected in different parts of the country. In some
cases the petals may have turned yellow in the process of drying, as noted
by Rubashevskaya, often even in the umbel rays and pedicels. We have never
seen this particular form in nature. The subject requires further study
before the yellow-colored forms are given specific status.
2. D. sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. II (1812) 213; Mart. Pradr.
Fl. Mosq. (1817) 56; Zagorodskikh in Dokl. Akad. Nauk. XXV, No.6 (1939)
be Dr rca rota ll (B.) vet yy!) Sp. ipl.) (17 53))242,— Dt vels'eull/en tris
Salisb. Prodr. (1796)nom. nud. —D. carota var. sativa Hoffm. Deutschl.
Fl. ed. 1(1791) 91.— D. carota(subsp.) b. sativus Hayek, Flora von
Steiermark (1910) 1199.— Carota sativa Rupr. Fl. ingr. (1860) 468.
Biennial; similar to the preceding species but root thick, fleshy, some-
times to 25—30cm in circumference, edible, usually colored. June—July.
Carrots are cultivated nearly throughout the world as a vegetable and
fodder. In the USSR the early-ripening variety is successfully grown
beyond the Arctic circle.
Economic importance. A native of the Mediterranean area, the carrot
seems to have developed as across of DL. maximus Desf. and D. carota
L. Its roots were eaten by man as far back as 2,000 years B.C.; its
seeds were discovered in lake dwellings in Switzerland. The plant has been
described by both Theophrastus and Dioscorides; in Herculaneum it is
engraved on a wall. Ancient Arab writers called it ''gitsar,'' aname applied
to plants with yellow or red roots. Its cultivation was already widespread
in medieval Europe.
Carrots are eaten as a vegetable. The root yields 1.07% of nitrogenous
substances, 0.21% fat, 1.28% sugar, 6.59% other carbohydrates, 0.98% cellu-
lose, and 0.73% ash. It is used raw and in the preparation of soups, sauces,
canned fish and vegetable products. Cultivated carrots vary widely.
Alefeld (Landwirtschaftliche Flora (1866) 101—102) divides the cultivated
varieties into 2 groups — @. longus Alef., with a long, fusiform root with
attenuate tip (3 varieties —albus, sulfureus, aurantius) and B.
ecurtus Alef., with a short, obtuse, sometimes subspherical root (4 varie-
ties — pellucidus, saalfeldensis, hollandicus, violaceus).
Many other varieties have been described and named after the locality where
they were grown. Fodder carrots with juicy roots are often cultivated
(white, green-headed, Lobberich and others), but their tops are only re-
luctantly eaten by cattle.
The roots contain 15.5—62.7 (sometimes to 93.3) gammas (1/1,000,000 g)
of carotene (provitamin A), and 192.5 gammas when vacuum dried. The
predominant carotene is the active B carotene. In the leaves there are
140 gammas, declining in the fall. The crushed vegetables yield a juice
with only “A or ie this amount of carotene. During preparation as food
about half of the carotene is lost. Besides carotene the roots contain
207
293
1.2—16 gammas vitamin B; and 0.2 gammas of vitamin Bp (the tops con-
tain 4 to 6 times as much vitamin Bz). The roots contain 11.4, the tops
190-254 gammas vitamin C. Distillation of the fruits yields about 0.9%
essential oil containing d-pinene, 1-limonene, the spirit daucol, etc.
SUPPLEMENT
Genus i030a. SCAPHOSPERMUM * Korov.
Korov. gen. nov. in Addenda XVI, 358
Flowers bisexual or polygamous; calyx-teeth indistinct; petals yellowish,
with inward curved lobule; stylopodium short, conical; style recurved, longer
than stylopodium. Fruit ovoid, ribs of mericarps equal, with winglike pro-
trusion, canals solitary in valleculae, 2 canals at commissure; albumen flat
toward commissure. Perennial plants, with 2—3 pinnatifid leaves clustered
in lower part.
Monotypic genus, known from the north of Tadzhik SSR (Farkak range).
1. S. asiaticum Korov. in Addenda, l.c.
Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.8 cm thick, its neck densely
covered with fibrous, dark brown remnants of leaves; stems 50—100 cm high,
usually single, glabrous, thinly ribbed, hollow, branching; radical leaves soon
wilting, 2—3-pinnate, broadly ovate, with short petioles abruptly expanding
into amplexicaul sheath with broad scarious margin, 15—25 cm long, 10—15cm
wide, lower primary lobes long-petioluled, the median short-petioluled,
upper sessile, oblong, in turn pinnatisect into ovate, sessile or subsessile,
pinnatifid into oblong lobules, 10-15mm long, 5—10mm wide with few obtuse
or acute teeth; cauline leaves few, similar to the radical but smaller, upper-
most leaves reduced to oblong sheaths. Umbels 6—9 cm across, of 6—8
smooth rays; involucre and involucels lacking; umbellets ca. 1cm across,
15—20-flowered; calyx-teeth indistinct; petals yellowish, ca. 1 mm long,
ovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit 6-7mm long,4mm wide. Fl.
June, Fr. August.
Stony slopes, l600—2,400m. = Centr, Asia: Pam. jl) Endemiles Wes
scribed from S. Tadzhikistan. Type in Leningrad.
Genus 1062a. PILOPLEURA ** Schischk.
Schischk. gen. nov. in Addenda XVI, 358
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute; petals whitish, subrounded, short-haired
outside; fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed, pubescent, mericarps with 3 pro-
truding dorsal ribs, marginal ribs narrowly winged, appressed, one canal
per vallecula, 2 toward commissure.
* From the Greek scaphe — hollow, pit; sperma — seed.
** From the Greek pilos — hair, pleura —rib.
208
Perennial, with coriaceous, nearly bipinnate, short-scabrous-hairy leaves,
involucre and involucels numerous.
Monotypic genus, known from W. Tien Shan.
PPPs Kozoqpoljanskin Schischik- noms nove & euce da mui me als yicia ian
Pimms er ochimalia wim irr.) Bots sada, Vv) a (ls) 2543 enon Morr. let
Gray (1840).— Zosimia dasycarpa Korov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot.
Sada, V (1924) 82.— Z. tordyloides Korov. l.c. ex parte.
Perennial; root thick, to 1.5cm across, its neck covered with dark brown
fibrous remnants of leaves; stem 70—120 cm high, cylindrical, hollow, shal-
lowly furrowed, erect, finely velutinous-hairy, slightly branching above,
about 1 cm thick at base; radical leaves narrowly ovate or oblong, their
petioles shorter than blade, abruptly expanded into sheath, blade 7-15 cm
long, 4—12 em wide, bipinnate or nearly simple-pinnate, short- scabrous-
hairy on both surfaces, especially along nerves; primary lobes broadly
ovate, the lower short-petioluled, the upper sessile, in turn pinnatifid into
ovate, unequally largely and acutely toothed lobules or primary lobes nearly
entire, with 1—3 unequally acutely toothed sections; cauline leaves smaller,
with oblong amplexicaul sheath. Main umbel 10—12 cm across, of 30—36
nearly equal rays covered with short dense stiff hairs; involucre of 11—15
lanceolate, acuminate, short—haired, recurved leaflets ie HO) Ie length of
rays; umbellets 1.5—2 cm across, many-flowered, with densely hairy pedi-
cels; involucels of 11—13 lanceolate, densely hairy leaflets with dilated
scarious margin, as long as umbellets; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute, half
length of petals; petals whitish, subrounded, 1.5 mm long, short-haired out-
side, tapering to short claw with inward curved tip; ovary densely white-
villous; fruit ovoid, dorsally compressed, 4mm long, 3mm wide.
Rocky and stony slopes, 3,600m.— Centr. Asia: 7. Sh. (Gijatlarse Kirghiz
and Fergana ranges). Endemic. Described from the Karakol River valley.
Type in Leningrad.
Key to Genera of Umbelliferae Based on External Characters
ike Stems creeping, leaves rounded-peltate or reniform-triangular,
Chenavenwitn theeNstipulles-;mrunt without Caz POPdOme ess euele uli mene 2.
a; Stems not creeping, leaves never peltate or reniform-triangular,
without free stipules; carpophore commonly free, rarely adnate
GO IECUING “Babee yeh See e tte ilte e h lt ae ne ee aU a IE ASR seat e Sa
2. Mericarps 5-ribbed, marginal ribs appressed, encircling com-
UA SY SSIS eae a aA OOM 9319, Hydrocotyle LL:
De Mericarps 7—9-ribbed, marginal ribs slightly divergent from
OLBINS, Ci COMMAS SWIC a, (age cleo cuomoN rs Renn Bu oyiodomane jbo 940. Centella L.
3. Flowers in dense capitula; large calyx-teeth and leaflets of
involucre prickly-acuminate or spinous; petals blue or white;
CUM, COWSIGSCL VVAbel oy SKORULAS 4 ou a ier yao) al Se ioiio ND ool 944, Eryngium L.
a5 Flowers in compound, rarely simple umbel, very rarely in
capitula; calyx-teeth and leaflets of involucre not spinous;
jOStalls Wwiante, eecl, jobucolle, yelllony Oie SIrSSmUSI oo Go Goa oo ao OS ae
209
295
iene
296
jeeGawesentincesovaike) COMM easily e gitirelceietiois ieee he nen ilo pea Se ee 5
Leaves lobate, palmatipartite, ternately or pinnately dissected, i
ramely! entire, dentate (iyi th Gro. Wye bene oops eke pated vol eae eee 6m
Plant nearly acaulescent; flowers in capitate inflorescence at
root-neck, nearly completely concealed by sheaths of radical leaves
when young; stylopodium distinctly stalked; petals white, very small
(0.5 mm lions): leaves linear,/entire|| H. and,S, (Pransc.)) 9). same
.. 98. Hohenackeria) Histehascum\ley-
Blane ma A waloeee eiaat inflorescence a compact umbel, petals
aS USL VE VAC HONAD vag rch hs Meliss vlesurevat uote ened: © wake dactiek ) ade Relisalgak: pes 988. Bupleurum L.
Median flowers of umbellet sessile, bisexual, surrounded by pedi-
celed, staminate flowers, hidden in a kind of pitcher formed by
fused bases of pedicels bearing staminate flowers..........-..
Bef Re An ee MRM eH eR AMOR eae Cay. Ree AON CM PS COE SI 945. Echinophora L.
Flowers in terminal umbels bisexual or unisexual (sometimes
dioecious), bisexual flowers never hidden in envelope.......... 73
Stylopodium annular or lacking, leaves palmately or ternately
parted, serrate, caudane LOW i syitis efor coisa (0) eb eieriep eres Geel err 8.
Stylopodium conical or pulviniform, leaves different, if palmate
(very conrely) thenystylopodium! mot) anmularc 4205. ea ee lel
Stylopodium lacking, base of styles slightly thickened; leaves
ternate, with obovate, cuneately tapering leaflets; calyx-teeth
TINS HStHbalcre | (OsaUKCeNSEIan he Bach a etome eho tome enor cr ae 1003. Cryptotaenia DC.
Stylopodium annular; leaves palmatipartite, serrate; calyx-teeth
Mes OS WIA CUE Si Pisgy A sey tapioca eluag ays bell caida ie «stot fae) hipaa ait Wah ne ce 9.
Umbels compound, of 3—4 rays, involucres lacking, umbellets in
re heads; fruit subglobular, bearing hamate bristles ......
941. Sanicula L.
WaeIe ‘sacle, scenomnced es lames, aonusiines colored involucral
leaflets: fruit oblone; wath plicate rilosms%) 12): .). 0s) yells 10.
Terminal umbels long-peduncled; pedicels longer than colored
hanOliorereel eehleree oeieimanelisy "G05 5 6s Gea di ce ow oS 942. Astrantia L.
Umbels sessile in bifurcations of stem; flowers polygamous,
central flowers in umbel bisexual, subsessile, others staminate,
on long pedicels; involucral leaflets large, 5—8, twice as long as
umbel: calyx-teeth trifid, with prickly tip (Caucasus) ....7. J. a.
RC Seta Nise Marra) cetiny spe Mee ERE | ay -eiy ay fs UCP V 3 eh ees G ORR 943. Actinolema Fenzl.
Jviqnonorenliss, \irticlal Wakliay Toole By ek ee al ; , High aus peel
Perennials, with thick naan or Raine: or -yienmtalls an fusiionee
TE OOM sei cielegm Cdre ks co ers yg sh cty ou Bia) oA ontact Youy'20g.sriycl eal a bye cliche Malek Rie ae er 41.
Mericarps tapering toward commissure, producing geminate
Hein Sone. miei eareOsus Ube l louie) alu \-jucbiewiineee Me 969. Bifora Hoffm.
Bruit) not cemimare 21s 22): vist OG Se
Involucre and involucels lechiine (Garay revaiheeslls ae i 13 ial s
form leaflets); lower cauline leaves entire, rounded or trilobate;
Shiombtsbiaired NolandtSege ee Te a hel Aes e HR Biel le 2h tine chet gegen 14,
Involucre and involucels or only involucels present; lower leaves
Simpleommepeated yy pinmat ey Oe Mbe soma eli yey ie 15).
210
23.
24.
Fruit glabrous, pyriformly attenuate above, styles shorter than
stylopodium, petals with ciliate margin, lower leaves entire .....
1015. Anisum Gaertn.
inate. ae acely, ee eserves) eiics filiform, several times
as long as stylopodium, petals with SDaiaibes margin, lower leaves
3 LQ bees Rais oli. se hee & WU Oale. etracyoutiavelllier le,
All leaves simple- cimmatie, ae alone or orbicular-ovate toothed
MOIS yf SRG AS eae ah aca PRR LO Bae ee ae ara ahs TR Ga AR Mimics Memo’ fa. Aes Outs LG):
Leaves bi- or tripinnate or ternately dissected or ternate, lower
sometimes entire..... Shy TAMAS Oe ge tas Oe
Stem with short bristly ants ay nodes avid: in Saree aati in
addition to remote longer hairs; leaf lobes rounded-ovate, cordate
or rounded at base; leaflets of involucre and involucels without
EONS CATE OUIS Mad AION Ie cit ai -otre) Gatien foils Nal eylaNye) cbteieahaa 1076. Tordylium L.
Stem and leaves with short dense pubescence, in addition to long
bristles tipped with curved spines; leaf lobes oblong, cuneately
Apeqiia iat bases). 7. sylit «
Umbels of 5—15 rays, eanlloes ot impoluiewe anal ineoleeals Alenia
entirely scarious; petals white, peripheral elongating, 3— 12mm
long; mericarps with winglike denticulate primary IP HOSL ana vaniaere ss
: 962. Lisaea Boiss.
Teabels i 3= 5 (a7, “leaileis oO ommene and involucels scarious
only along margins; petals purple or pink, rarely white, not
exceeding 3mm; mericarps with protruding primary and secondary
ribs bearing 2—3 rows of scabrous spines .... 961. Turgenia Hoffm.
Ovary and fruit covered with simple or capitate hairs or with
SOMMelSi eon severe dls)
Ovary and aoe meer ous Gruit citiota OGAVErGUCOSe, Anglais ¢ or
pliicaie Ioubemot Walia (Or rs cel ys 2) PUAN, eRe i el Rete ah) Siena eyes Are te PHS)
Involucre and involucels longer than short rays of umbel and
umbellets, leaflets of involucre often tripartite or pinnate...... 20),
Involucre and involucels, if present, shorter than rays of umbel
val, Winall OSHS Ee Ue et kOe iene CA Raney Monier mM eh owetc Oo! ooo. 0, 'oye he aly,
Fruit cylindrical, with long flat beak; calyx-teeth indistinct.....
RPP Ns dere Bee iA ctr WA hoy At ghia delepembes. alile Sieg fie a Po DSO camcuxale.
Fruit oblong- cylindrical (6mm long, 1.5, maim wide), beakless,
Crowmecdvoyesubullate Walliys< Veet ei se) 6) 21 tel on 996. Cuminum L.
Fruit abruptly passing into distinct, more or less long beak .... 22%
JET GLE SSA SIS gh Meoin oy oan ac io RRO A Pear neo rae ir ave et. oA nual 74S)
Beak longer than or as long as fertile part, involucre and involucels
IPOS SIE ee eee cay rer es OPO HG ec Asem mEtie cs ic) so bUmoie. kd, 953. Sceandix L.
Reak cylindrical, shorter than fertile part, involucre lacking .
52. Annee ons Peue.
Fru enccl, ioomerea eith SHeey or hens spreading, simple or
CENOMEAINS nM INOS Nae Liaee SemBNiS no) trie Mead tut CLOSE. seem iaeain a Gas AG\ Ba cea holo) Ow CE RGiEr 24.
Fruit covered with appressed or antrorse bristles or spines.... 26.
Hains on fruit capitate, fruit) small, 1—2mm long. - 2322 )yieh =
BREAD AAS RL SIMEE ibe SE, AE . 994. Aphanopleura Poiss.
Sigkes, Grad wieehhen Silsaayollen wmehha 4) —-1) adnacy Wopaeir las enc Cydia, 0 Co. 5 yolc 29.
211
298
25.
26.
a.
BAe
35.
36.
Fruit finely scabrous-hairy, leaf lobules 2—7 mm long, 0.3—
O's Sumatra WAGE A Wiss y ae fie te it Ra eae a 1051. Cymbocarpum DC. .
Fruit with long, spreading hairs; terminal lobules 1—6 cm long.
ae Ohehe Pssncmaceccn Fide! |
Stefaey Aiiteee de odes. fete cet Paiste. styles shorter than |
Sil yal Opo@ Clisuraal has oll ars whet tai Ne EP ea ae 946. Physocaulis (DC.) Tausch.
Stems not inflated at nodes, calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute
or subwlate, persistent in fruit; styles longer than stylopodium,
ultomatellyyreeunved i ciw Dies ies) ST aio ee ESOS 2 Se ae ale 210
Stems covered with appressed bristles ....... 957. Torilis Adans.
SLemisnolabroustor wrth spreading jhaiss| fhe tsa 28.
Involucre otis —o leatlets! with white-sicargious maroin Seen
ERA reais WR PES) SALES Ue tl LO By oh el GT teh pe ee pea taal Dense eae 963. Orlaya Hoffm.
Involucre lacking or of 1 inconspicuous leaflet..... 960. Caucalis L.
Ovary and fruit covered with whitish vesicular papillae or vesicular
Wie miguicae, Or bransvernsiely Molded) 4a) st). 15es “iki: oye eee 30.
Ovaiyrand fruitsimooth orm slachtly tuberncullate ite .)5.- eae 33.
Terminal leaf lobes setaceous, 1—5 cm long, fruit transversely
FoldedsKCaucaisusy nts truley es oh la ey el Bale
Terminal leaf lobes different, fruit covered with vesicular
verrucaenimainiy (GentrivAsias a,j) iG. ei eke hie eee 32)
Umbels of 5—10 rays; stems glabrous; involucels shorter than
Han] OSI IRISH Bike kein ty ee CRE BICS OR SRPE Ok raey LEER BMS 993. Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey.
Umbels of 3—5 rays; stems short-scabrous below; involucels
Z--OutLImMMes ac, lone assambellersiy s dis. a. 1075. Ormosciadium Boiss.
Calyx-teeth ovate, thickish. Umbels of 6—8 nearly equal rays;
pedicels ovoid, ca. 2mm long, not turning into spines after ab-
SUIS SHOMCOMSPAUIL eis cur 2 «is . 2 L002. “Drachys pemmaumnglannle
Calyx-teeth indhetiine EaeelS. of 5—15 extremely unequal rays;
fruit rounded-flattened, 3.5mm long, 4mm across; pedicels,
oo eee of ie hi flowers, turning into spines after abscission
Ou OC WENE We as toy eta 6 + 22981.) Bremodaviciciere,
Petals coe yellow, mericarps cient aiienae winged Imai oinien neuen
Ne HAS REM uid oy hal ca NL ea ot Reh One Pelt eA, 1064. Anethum L.
Petals white, purple or pale yellow, laa hGdl without winged
IGQVEUGOTUALE ter 2EB ale EGRESS Ra proce):
Leaflets of smavolaiete® aad Hi OMCeles ae or eithal ei penta ate
lin Scie Ore lkincatcs Ss ecraceOus sOluUlese eur: lei emi enene 1004. Ammi L.
Leaflets of involucels always entire, those of involucre usually
entirepirarely’ pinnate 28 ee Ph AN LO OE
hoviolwiere alway S: TESS IMLS sroice 55 je yrs csyecess oh Painto wie omega aon ee 36,
Invohueresaibsientyt Al. LRN aie) P78 Fe ON a Sole
stem pubescent, involucre of numerous upright leatlets -> 222) 3-
ATA aE Aen LEA Rey | cose a Re PAREN TS CREAT CAST 10315 Gnidaumsie:
Stem glabrous, involuicere of 5—9, usually, recurved leatlers) ae. Bile
Petals yellowish; plant to 100cm high; lower cauline leaves
(UKE ve ncaa Ikoraler, 230) Ciaoy Waele APA bye boas oc le 973. Smyrniopsis Boiss.
Petals white or pink; plant 10—40cm high; lower cauline leaves
D5) Gia. Wovatar UB =8) 5) Clad WIGS 3s 205 5 15 oh oa) 5 1051. Cymbocarpum DC.
DV
38. Meal Cy latina, joreliesteliee Aarne. ipo. o o Gk Og. Seen Uva dali cVeabic Azone
4° Ect tOwvore, williaouty beak sis fe. : IN he gu yoo i
39. Stems covered in lower hells with Mores dines SHROIES or > Stitt
hairs; leaflets of involucels villous .... 949. Sphallerocarpus Bess.
+ Spemssancdmlicanletsronunvolucells) slay GOs) iy cua ) uel aie shemale ae 40,
40. Calyx-teeth conspicuous, unequal, elongating in fruit; fruit of
2 hemispherical mericarps with slightly elevated, flexuose primary
BinCl SSCOMCEs/ Me ofS Waaal oySMIS OM; B\—9) SeEHVES! 6) dea 5 Go 4 964. Coriandrum L.
+ Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; umbels of 7—18 rays; involucels of
3 leaflets turned to one side, often exceeding umbel; umbel rays
unequal; fruit slobular-ovoid, with thick ribs....... 1027. Aethusa L
41 Involucre and involucels lacking, rarely involucels of 1—2
ClSCich bonus Ise will enass yeaah tee ens eRe MeN OEM AE ERIS Weiboe n oicm fy pad elle 42,
+ Involucre and involucels or only involucels present .......... Oz
Pe eal sy) viclhowmorm sreenish yWiellOwcs wwe. 2s esos llc ae SAE eee wen 43.
+ Petaliciwhites pink or ypurple .. 2. . : BAA RES ae aya)
43. Upper cauline leaves entire, sessile, amplexicaul, ‘Eee orenca
ath DASe usd ety : bei daily ie Otis Ceo
1 Upper cauline leaned varsiornstyy Gaseoied On ceduceditogsineaibhieas yaa
44, Mericarps asymmetrical, one with 3, the other with 4 primary
TPUOS yep ie tials aly Boe ho 5 OST INonaneliconalel IMorcony.
aT Mericarp SPICE ical re of ie SQUAT mots sh SW busaba eee deaaonerctes 45.
45. All umbels simple (umbellets), together forming paniculate
inflorescence (Centr. Asia and Transcaucasia) .. 1059. Dorema Don.
lg ORAS US COMM OMIM ye wien ENR N Clana Ee i Mabel alo, eet kay scecyalan (anemneiamn ner Mas 46.
AOE LPLOerSE POlySaniOus, Only terminal sunabelenerctalers seams) iememeeriney aie 47.
+ Flowers bisiexual, rancly few flowers staminate. 2.295 5 sy oe 49,
: 47. Calyx-teeth subulate, petals brownish yellow, hairy outside .....
5 1054. Ladyginia Lipsky.
ae Gye eee ‘Hotameleee Bate! eran inconspicuous; petals yellow
Gmageemishhyellowe usually cllabrous OuLSIGe ie) ci siemens enone le 48.
TOV leinlC arp SECO MymrOnuenLO Sento) COnarnlS Suge rile tale erence
MUD ute eee ae tole okt Si Satletrei ts ce sieh Saleiabilsaaiat a) ahet ver’ 1055. Eriosynaphe DC.
+ Memicarpsyolabrous toweardicommilsisure yi 6 as TOs Ze re rullay i:
49, Terminal lobes thin, filiform, entire, 10—30 mm long, 0.2—0.3 mm
Wadena Culitinvated biennial S piueehiiew che opi o> sullen. 1029. Foeniculum Mill.
+f Terminal leaf lobes more or less broad, not filiform. Perennials . 56.
50. ° Unaloel ren7s olleloouis ((Csmiey /Aciey)) 4.595 5 ole grokb oid bh o\ o.d.0.g.0)60 Sill
a0 Wimbiclaray.s\maowze OGNIeSS UES Cemibiy.. 1 osiih! Ase tee aula ate creed eet a2.
EP meeO bani lines: Se aD sone Rieti RM GS Fa ianlat as ceo) cap yebte 1062. Peucedanum L.
+ Whmnlpelticanis Gir Ou wee. aimeticcas ae ies ccs 1030a. Scaphospermum Korovy.
aha {UTS ICRI, Sli Sir ay ey ere Gis Greenies Ter a amen carey nie ne iG 1030. Silaus Bernh.
52. At least lower part of plant covered with very short velutinous
Inglis) SUG og oVeN Sie Onesie oy sate Ni/siulaueh Mey meert Guat We oh DS sue 1016. Reutera Boiss.
WO... + Plant with more or less long spreading hairs or subglabrous;
WAIN OSS! Oi: DAG MPSS mb een BO No Hie Olla oO) CBI, auc os 6 1067. Pastinaca L.
53(43) Acaulescent plants with thick root, with bundles of leaves and
umbellet rays produced from its neck, carpophores not developed,
fruit not separating into mericarps (high-mountain Caucasian
youlewate)) 9 525. 2ke A ke is ee A Ne Pe OO Ce Sriaonyolanollioroas, (CJ)! IML.
213
301
o4.
oO.
o1
Oo)
63.
64.
65.
66.
Plant with developed stem, carpophore usually pheserny meri-
CATPS S'CPALAINO i. VF ole Popeye ae hee sy Gimireted Rehen fe dat chee, tenia ha ae 54,
Radieal leaves entuceeior 3 -lobed\( Caucasus): 5... 62). ee 55g
Radical leaves pinnatipartite or ternately dissected ......... 06.
Radical and lower cauline leaves rounded, crenate or shallowly
lobed, the lower with long, the upper with short petioles; umbels
OP S= OV avy S 1 vik nent ads Sree MUG Way fens tafe bto Yea 1017. Albovia Schischk.
Radical and lower cauline leaves subcoriaceous, ovate- oblong,
with cartilaginous, serriform, dentate margin; umbels of 5—8 rays
TRAE DWN? L RRRANER DY, a RUG 1005. Falcaria Bernh. (F. falcarioides).
Fiowers unisexual, dioecious; leaves cut into thin, linear lobes
SAU ee SU RA AL On A PR ARR ar a he be ee Se cn 989. Trinia Hoffm.
Hlowers bisexual, 1 A Relea im eee UN See Sl ie ee 57.
hubers hidden Geep: Wr Soule. eels a ta cds eee tee, er 58.
Abiul Ssisiellelelahayel Burnt LS A ee
Mericarps tapering ed commissure, Tene me Pe
wider than long, carpophore not developed. . 970. Astomatopsis Korov.
Mericarps not tapering toward commissure, fruit oblong or
ovoid, longer than wide, carpophore bipartite...... 1007. Bunium L.
Ovary rand! fruit pubescent ror ‘sicabrous” 2. 'sis se cl 2) saree 60.
Onvarcyranrd: Prudt se labrOUs. «1.5 (eves et lata. eho thne be sesh 63.
Eeteh pie well Oe LAS MeNOMme ate Nr se teas. © te eye) eee 1076. Tordylium L.
Periphieraltperals mov elonmoate Were. i. = o cen ee ohn 61.
Fruit small,ca. 2mm long,nearly as wide ..... 1014. Pimpinella L.
Fruit more or less large, flat, 0.5—2 cm long, lateral (sometimes
also dorsal) ribs winged l,i °.° 1 Cn es ee 62.
Fruit large, 1.2—2 cm long, 1—1.5 cm wide, dorsal ribs narrow; fili-
form, stylopodium flat, with undulant margin; stem to 1m high,
short-haired, leaves distally appressed-bristly, proximally dense-
ye SICAINCOUSE Nel fr Ue OMee enteae h veces detec ee ste Tae 1070. Stenotaenia Boiss.
Fruit much smaller, dorsal ribs winged, stylopodium conical;
stem to 60cm high, slightly scabrous or subglabrous; leaves
Scabrous only along nerves and margin. ~.7.- 1043. Chymsydia Alb.
Leaves bi- or triternate, with ovate, acuminate or acute terminal
WOIDES os ee Phe Se SERRE SS ck yas eC es Pe Se. Sat a ee G4.
eaves: Sump e= sori Or Lriplnmate Wr a. . = Ns eT ORT
Terminal lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, Re eine eubrannaee
at apex, unequally toothed, often cordate at base, shiny; umbels
with glabrous rays; fruit ovoid, 10 mm long, 5mm wide, with
winged dorsal and marginal ribs (Centr. Asia). ... 1039. Angelica L.
Terminal leaf lobes ovate, acute, serrate-dentate; umbel rays
acutely scabrous distally; fruit ovoid, 2—6 mm long, 1—3 mm wide
PR CAS igeiai ck AMBER ROR, A ae MORN la A SET a RRL a. 1018. Aegopodium L
Plants with more or less scabrous-hairy stem or leaves .. 3...
Ree HAE Laop She ates teat SE Me ay Dae seh aie GAR ON Mg . 1014. Pimpinella L.
Paes OMA TOUS Ws Na raygaie Ne wate el te lal be pa he he el Man tad oc elt vi) er 66.
Terminal lobules oblong-linear, 3—7 mm long, 0.3—1.5mm wide . .
aE a TNE cou Bg SRA eB Cee aL ak eB i sas ALE te hO06*€aguna ke.
Terminal lobules ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 1.5-—10mm wide.... 67.
214
+ Shen ae or en tow Scoamchee. eee on site peduncles;
iO@rsewlss Ub Tanta MeiYoR yoveicShalahleMlists SG vk Ge need (keg ue lb ain, oho ibva ous do 68.
68. Meavesucimaplie= pimMMate ei: is, ce: seni tonlepetys 1037. Conioselinum Fisch.
+ CA VISCUM Ogre OTMMAL Sey Lie Seu sap ture chet MMe Gi Nagle Nis vou itineraries Slnt MicRue yer aye 69.
69 Fruit laterally compressed, marginal ribs not expanding.......
Ae Me Lai Sy ON ter Os eA PR Be 1018. Aegopodium L. (A. alpestre).
ath Fruit dorsally compressed, marginal ribs cuneately expanding
SPN mae ue le Gaia e151 2, BLUE! cl) Tanne) do ice, ite walle, Ye, oa, yao 1062, Peucedanum L.
104i tinvoluereWackineyor of) 1—3 caducous Teatlets (23.745) Jot ae se = Cs
+ linivoOlwere. One tO mamyleaAnlersn: vy us tthe A tihs © seh een loti lou lomagee bette p tome 138.
71. Stem, lower side of leaves and umbel rays covered densely,
nearly tomentosely, with many-celled, white, curly hairs; terminal
icibulles| Glormse: ere 13a )5 SS gioats ss oo 8 1046. Glehnia F. Schmidt.
1 inicpolaiocOusTOr PUDESCencelGdiht ere: 2h ma j-tel ia) - Male ee sine UD:
(eee etallciyelllow. or yellowasi> ex eemisnyey 70 cis). fey ania ieiler oiler toy tar i-hite (Be
ctr Perales Wiss, @ie) jolie Bb aa ceorde seo voeakokeo ona lnc oO ono on 5 O60 sao 8 fic
73. All umbels simple, umbellets many, forming paniculate inflo-
Rescencent@emtus Asia andu@aucasus)i yas = s)-16 292)s) iene iene 74.
as Unaloeisy eoiaayorayouaic laure ap ako onoe of oeer pen bosh cro olsses Cnc ota color ool Slior Made
74, beaut Molormtkes reiauiiiaey ib" 58's Glob ouocs Blond o Ob aero 1059. Dorema Don.
4: Mo DimleSRSermcatey.s hee . ohis! vane lO a Zein egeullay les
75. Flowers usually Holaearne tee the Tees nel in a leer umbels
terminating stem and main branches, the staminate on opposite
or whorled branches below fertile umbels or exceeding them.... 76.
5 TENIGKSIS: [OLUS EVEN Os AOL Ce AMOS iO ANAL a MLM aac of fac) Ou sii Coto! (cM /O.G8c (KS
76. Mericarps densely hairy at commissure. . . 1056. Schumannia Kuntze.
i Mericarps glabrous at commissure.....-.-..+.++s+s+-++-- te
77. Calyx-teeth distinct, flowers subsessile and thus umbels sub-
capitate, surrounded by leaflets of involucels, densely covered
Wetesionch vanibe iS EhSSiih. 7. (. a techs Mili -/lm panel 1053. Soranthus Ldb.
at; Calyx-teeth indistinct, flowers on more or less long pedicels,
leanletovorinvolucels without bristles... .\2.4). s)-)--)-4- LOS Zea erulae:
TE. TROOW inbloeraiioneiaa "iar 4 CR elo unio is Bic sycnGae aclic soKD 1011. Muretia Boiss.
a Root developed as taproot or rhizome ......-+- +++ e+e tees 79).
Te Branches whorled; dorsal ribs of mericarps winged (Caucasus)...
RMN ee Ahi ela R NA Cleht Ao tb bce Re Pade ane le 1044. Xanthogalum Lallem.
1 Stem with alternate branches, Gorsial igi Sialic oncins eee uemne mate 80.
80. Biennials, fruit ovoid, See geminate, 2mm long (known only
in cultivation) .... ..... 999. Petroselinum Hoffm.
3F Perennials, fruit cplonee real Eiienaly compressed laterally or
flattened dorsally, 3.5—5 mm long (wild plant). a Aste ae nec. él.
81. Fruit oblong-ovoid, slightly compressed laterally ........-..-.- 82.
a0 Fruit compressed dorsally, more or less flat ........-+++--- 83.
82. Mericarps with 5 winged ribs.......-+...+--- 1030. Silaus Bess.
oe Mericarps with 5 acute, markedly protruding but not winged ribs
ee etrcrnrs eI) ite Bo lee i ana Gh Seley ley oh om, ciy 1030a. Scaphospermum Korov.
Stem strongly branching, umbels numerous, on short peduncles,
or subsessile; leaves small, ca. 0.5mm woe cultivated biennials
997. Apium L.
215
303
304
ae
916,
Mericacps witheslichtly protmeudimp ribs) hah) mete a ile 1024, Seseli Li.
Commissural canals usually broad, distally clavate, not extending
to base of mericarp: leaves|larce, simple=pinnate <1. . 245.2 Syaegee
Pe REET th Sel" Digit HP RCOUER eh Rava sh SUK any Cy VANE MBA . . 1069. Heracleum L:
Commissural canals never clavate, extending to end of mericarp . 84.
Blantsamore! or ess pubescent ew. cs: ihe crisps Weloese ena eee 85.
Plants.completely glabrous, 6). pV. a stoke) Susp eue! Yt eee 86.
Mericarps with slightly inflated margins ....1071. Malabaila Hoffm.
Mericarps with thin margins, not inflated....... 1067. Pastinaca L.
Marcinal ribs of mericarps expanded, hence) fouit cimunied ei ses neae
» 1062. Peucedanuni Tt:
Marginal ribs not expanded (S. Transcaucasia). . .1048. Johrenia DC.
Plant with sinele superticiall or deeply hidden tuber {eyes aaeaeene 88.
Plant without tuber, or with bundle of distally tuberiform roots .. 93.
muiber deeplychidden in sok, io c.uua sis 40s) ul 2 ee ee 89.
MUI SREMS IOS ET CHT ET ee ie aiel la. wi te lies laos 16! veel Sieiohs sal at O cL Nhe Agee Ohi
Peripheral petals elongate, twice as long as the internal;
valleculae covered with verrucae, sometimes with papillae or
OCU SENSIS. “SNS adianiosoh ot 0 eweror oh owoa no cece pe 956. Albertia Rgl. et Schmalh,
Peripheral petals not enlarged, fruit slabrous, smooth =o) ji... 0)
Fruit geminate, mericarps curved, tapering toward commissure,
Camepopaoiee NOt devielOPeGiy mie yo setawc! occult 970. Astomatopsis Korov.
Fruit not tapering toward commissure, not geminate, carpophore
arg (O AMTa( DS Pia cn cth” Pcie ee’ i uty cy yshidlanep acetal Sohn! epahed aS ke ore eke eae 1007. Bunium L.
Entice plant slabrous, terminal) lobules lanceolate. .) ty. ea-aeiemenecne
te es TUL SR RAI Te | ame be Art 8 mea as atik De 1010. Seselopsis Schischk.
Plant covered in lower part, sometimes nearly to top, with white
stiffish, retrorse or spreading hairs; terminal lobules linear or
ZHOGXOBNKSTANOMOZIG Mer Gen Gone OoenNorO OGD aeeclola gd op Gob oo 5 9 tw 92:
Fruit pyriform, tuberculate, attenuate above . 948. Krasnovia M. Pop.
Pruitt eylindmecaly with flat ribs; not attenuate above sae mene
SPE ene Caan Uf sol eSNllES & suutsh CAPER TINER: cand SPM Sy goad util | reat 947, Chaerophyllum L.
Secondary ribs with 1 or 2 rows of setaceous spines expanding
or connate at base; peripheral petals 2—4 times as long as the
TITANS ae NERA Pie ie Meme ie LENNART ve bles Ste gio NR Oe mE & 959. Astrodaucus Drude.
LGtiitecl abrous om pubescent, without larse Spies (.) 2 enema 94.
Ovary, usually also fruit, transversely folded or bearing whitish,
SPONGY EX CHESEENCE Sty kG Msi yy Me owls, oly sleek ite, aaa hae ae re Oe
Ovary and fruit covered with hairs or bristles or completely
AIS ATOU SE diy al SY RGU baishak AMselbeMa tks coriel fon. Gis AL wae ale ah ie alt EN ear Otis
Ovary covered with dense transverse folds, these in ripe fruit
nearly obliterated or persistent as transverse excrescences
(Cay Sioemial euncl ene ese) Le a 1050. Saposhnikovia Schischk.
Primary ribs of fruit with white, spongy tissue; plants often
GVOSCIOUWS,) «PF ey EAS Ais eed ei nelle Ma al Std) a iyeice oe Sem ae 96.
Fruit subglobular; dioecious plants, with narrow linear, long
Gh Ssienn) PtecrnainalMlebuiles) ((Crcimasy) ey Sennen par 990. Rumia Hoffm.
Fruit ovoid; perennials, with short (2-12 mm) terminal lobules
CNVG TSlloeuesiet) a atari Mees PRO IU om, ar a 991, Ledebouriella Wolff.
216
05
100.
IOS
Ovary and fruit covered with hairs or bristles, these often sessile
Gil WUOSIRONES. G5 yo bles ‘SEW AMDT M nl lula PURI Okt ins Ee WiBac acaba Oley ACIS
Ovary and fruit simon, alerous Ab ayaa Ap AMO RE MIE se POPES torte tab haves A cet pecneesh 8 MOS:
Fruit large, 10—12 mm long, ovoid, along ribs with excrescences
with broadened base and neg ie GMHSVEG! ij ((Cawmezrsus), . 46 4.
xy , ; 982. Iecokia DC.
Fruit sytlnaute inane. ExCnesGeenees, icomened with bristles,
these sometimes sessile on tubercles or fruit pubescent or
WU OSTA SIGS ale eat Ne Mel IRC Nee eld’ Aries eatin SABIE SAM) client as cle oy Jak Canine)
eu Senatanlonel Tre ane ties. Semorina Mere SMe Gs ful enamine rl 4OKO).
LEVI UTIS: hO) LO) Taaliag VT OuaVery Maeva sateen le atee abe May Ain dee ibe nits As 1S illite a a NOB, WO.
Umbels of 3—8 glabrous rays, leaflets of involucels lanceolate-
linear, herbaceous, renee ie cane petals not elongate....
954. Osmorrhiza Rafin.
Cates BE = 10 Aaeeent rays; eats of involucels lanceolate,
nearly entirely scarious, ce petals elongate (3mm)...
26 YOO. HNiemasot L.
Pei paprersens to ehont or once ens, ie indistinct, shiny,
sometimes covered with tubercles or bristles, often with
DAaSaul Crrowin OF WIMMKS loriSWleES sos 56 6 obo oo 952. Anthriscus Pers.
Fruit pubescent, without beak or crown of bristles, ribs more
OGM SSH OTE OL VITA BEN EAS Sek NMRA rl RC Oe TC Same So ae wh OZ.
Git SU SeccHleN car pophowgemlotidevelopediys scr). sn ene eae cue
Sook Be UIE RAW in es ee Ea ean Ls 1S Sie Ra eer mre 1025. Sphenocarpus Korov.
Put ChiSiniaeilhy Svellwhitishis) <2 eee eee 124.
Stem 40—80 cm high; leaflets of involucels subulate (Caucasus)
PTET CCAS KSB VOMAE SC Posie eet ed ame eae 987. Eleutherospermum C. Koch.
Stem 8—40 cm: leaflets of involucelis lanceolate... . 222855. = We
Umbels of 7—10 nearly equal rays; involucels of 5 lanceolate
Jeatlets with Scarious: meanroim (Car pauhians)): aia) ee
. 1034. Ligusticum L. (L. mutellina),.
218
308
Umbels of 5—7, very unequal rays; leaflets of involucels linear
G@erninan Atsaay ss meses ei 1006. Carum L. (C. atrosanguineum),.
Umbels numerous, on short peduncles, sometimes sessile.
WaisGie Cre: [Oey jouletahyss “SS eAwBa (6 e/eNs! Slog ecalel Ss 998. Helosciadium Koch.
Umbels on more or less long pedicels, never sessile ......,.. iZ5),,
Fruit with distinct winged ribs, marginal wings often wider than
HAS. COIS Suk A eh ee NE en Mien eu NNer ., UREA Se dea SueN eer MOR amteR Ren 57 £6. A tn 0 126.
Fruit with filiform or protruding, not winged ribs .......... aay
Marginal wings distinctly wider than the dorsal, fruit flattened
CKO SSLUING 5 A So arc Sites Ce Menace SH SBIR BS 0 Whur 1037. Conioselinum Fisch.
Marginal and dorsal wings nearly equal, fruit compressed
lentiermailllsiadaaeccii eRe ANe aa icy Reni a uia-we amc UidianD MOEN yonGite rorich a) cg) pbc 127.
Stem deeply furrowed, with winged ribs ........ 1032. Selinum L.
SieSiaay Te O/H el. alone nyaualerercle SiS NSeieestg wwoNS OMs=oNS GBS echt old cc oe 128.
Rays of umbels and umbellets glabrous, rays of umbel abruptly
antrorse, thus umbel narrowly obconical ..........+.+.-.--.-.
hE TERT EEA 1034. Ligusticum L. (L. mongholicum)}.
Rays of umbels and umbellets at least scabrous above, umbels
avidin Lovollilonnay etateTACIOSS REIS bla Ga Seo ANONG lo yobolc) 6 oat eros >’ 3) < yeas) s
Sheaths of upper leaves nearly cylindrical, not inflated.......
5 LS Re RSG aS re eo ce eC omer er iare . .1031. /Cnidium Cuss-
Sheaths of upper leaves markedly inflated, ovate .......---- 130.
Stems with whorled branches, lobules decurrent, scabrous
along nerves on both sides, fruit 8—10mm long, 5mm wide
(@eucaaus) 2 Pe 2 oes yo 2. OFA eae is tem eaes
Stem simple or with alternate branches, terminal lobules
obscurely cordate at base, not decurrent, fruit 5mm long,
3mm wide (E. Siberia and Far East)... . 1041. Coelopleurum Ldb.
Fruit markedly compressed dorsally, with expanded marginal
[TTATEEDSh Seria aaa ea ape tem nelare Amer eriMER Miu Glo kore oe LS 2e
Hieuit stiohtly Compressed laterally. -- - 0 - uence 13}8)
Commissural canals not extending to base of mericarp, usually
with clavate tip; peripheral petals usually enlan Ged she yeameg tee
Eee ees: ay oneal aes suena . 1069. Heracleum L.
Commissural canals extending to base of mericarps, never
clavate, peripheral petals not enlarged.....--++-+++++-+-+-> 133.
Marginal wings of mericarps densely overlapping ......-..-.--
ee reheat abies eps \cabisleas. wae ue . 1062. Peucedanum L.
Marginal wings different, thus IMME TUCATE DS) COM. eas cll Meme nnn 134:
Umbels spherical, with retrorse marginal rays, leaflets ovate,
with large obtuse teeth; uppermost internode of stem glabrous
or hairy near base of umbels.......-- 1040. Archangelica Hoffm.
Umbels semispherical, marginal rays antrorse, leaflets oblong-
ovate or lanceolate, finely and acutely toothed; upper internodes
of stem (under peduncle) short-haired (rarely glabrous) for a
significant distance from base of DOME ss 36 FEM 1039. Angelica L.
GCallyacapeculay INC OMS UCUOUS ye 5 (ia te cscs 1 O06). Cancun le:
Calyx-teeth conspicuous, persistent or abscissing in fruit). 2. . - 136%
Sivles emectsmallt as lone ash iguih, 6) pm). seca) iis eigen ias
DRE Me dhe agtEny Neh ta Ueki, fetta 1023. Libanotis L. (L. dolichostyla).
219
309
+
137.
+
Suy les re cumev.e de SiO wie ics pele alc eluia ae a er peace ae el eee a
Caly xa cui aasiensis tines milk ta teiiagiene ee Oca ewan! One 1023. Libanotis L.
(CHU X= SSUIal, HSIASIUS Sa Syeral tay WIPO, Yes oS Ba Bk lS 1024. Seseli L.
138(70) Plant acaulescent or with very short procumbent stem.
Heh mOunmbatra olantt sii ui ota eet, neat aa ae |e hae nt ee iio).
Plant with more or less developed, erect, usually leafy, rarely
leatles system. he Guanine eter erat = | Meee A. ae Ol (as, aes ye a 142,
Entire plant densely covered with rather short hairs, fruit covered
with stiff membranes or densely hairy .... 1022. Stenocoelium Ldb.
Talat ola roOus Ors SUbe laorOUs Ms 20 ss a) ollie 2) ost ae ee ee 140.
Petals yellowish, umbels often simple (umbellets), produced in
large number from base of stem. ... 1013. Chamaesciadium C. A. M.
PSEA S SVT Ths tales Con taap eagehielyeicas play coils | dice, elec ase a de
Leaflets of involucre often pinnately or ternately cleft, umbels
ON ISCAS rest IAL Sage ance iets Ge 1006. Carum Lk. (C. caucasicum):
LASS) OF MayOlmere emcee yoo ee I ee es. ete
SAPO SENG Ss aia ee ie RAEN 1035. Pachypleurum Ldb. (P. gayoides).
Leaflets of involucre or involucels pinnatisect or ternately
ChisSeevedunvouthiny suullate or linear lobes > 51 ae an P43
Leaflets of involucre and involucels entire or 3-partite above,
MODMGISSCELO\ TO MMIC fae. ae ks doe ee ee 147,
Ovary and fruit covered with spines and bristles, terminal
LOlwIES inzirereon iby leraSaclewe awk cy Ave ene BOWEL es ea 1079. Daueus! I.
Ovary and fruit without spines or bristles, terminal lobules
pong LINIC A Tah Mas vet as ee tee bs ka eee aoe toe 144,
Beaters or invyolucelishas lone ais) urmabely. ys stn 145.
Beater syon inv olicelsumuech shorter tian imate.) ean 146.
Leaflets of involucels bipinnatisect, numerous; plant 26—35 cm
init@ln; » leliwla: mavebuatieution jOSMSIaONeVIS 4 56% ook 1028. Schultzia Spreng.
Leaflets of involucre ternate- or simple-pinnate, plant 50—100cm
high, umbels of numerous (to 100) glabrous rays; biennials
(COB OR SHES a timed tia el ce NAS ERMAN it 1004. Ammi L.
lNPCING Walla: aMeuncntiaall ywalialas jay ors Ao 4 951. Caropodium Stapf et Wettst.
JERSE WALL TON O)IG TUG SHC Mlle ie AGS thw a ea i ge a 950. Grammosciadium DC.
PUOOU CUD KILO TIN Ler een alc. a ape a ea a ea 148.
ROO MEVe CUD eiiTOMmn: were a fd Oy
Petals yellow orvemeenishiyellow oo. 2. +. G4 1., Cee eer
RCL AW LUNGS Co ale) ie nad ete ws oe fee te ay eee ee Tn
Fruit dorsally compressed, with whitish expanded marginal ribs. .
PAH n WM ar casio oo) ude be piace tucane Bee ecg nN 1065. Korovinia Nevski et Vved.
Fruit slightly compressed laterally, without expanded rim...... HES OR
Mericarps tapering toward commissure, thus fruit Seminal wee
cep OSs GIS TE LEaRAR SIG IAM NSPS En INGA 1012. Korshinskya Lipsky.
Micigieamo Ss cithemeniGe es aaumety cic. ee Yama Lane Nea 1011. Muretia Boiss.
Fruit covered with transverse folds ... 992. Ormopterum Schischk.
ISIN (CRU PLe Ng clan aan a a me INEM AMAR) ou LBD.
Mericarps with protruding, winglike, flexuose dorsal ribs .....
Seen GaN rai ctaciiep cates Pout ounce eLken ck ctijcs ccget Meteo a dither Maem En 1033. Hyalolaena Bge.
DeGsalicibs MnrormjOm protcucino., not plexlose = 4). lt ssi LSS),
220
310
Mericarps with winglike expanding ieaenctehumells seillotsy Moroes 6 co yao cae
Pee CRUE CEE a EE HSL hes VartraiiciMalylo“devc ata atyes tymtentes e'y's 1063. Oedibasis K.- Pol.
FRA HS’ GueePSiIe 6° ABN G BS oavolo 6 0b p) Gd oO 9-0 0b oo Golo 0 Bc Beer isy2e
Mericarps tapering toward commissure......-- 971.) Sealigeria DC;
Mericarps different .......-+++-+-+-+:: 1009. Hymenolyma Korov.
Mericarps globular or subglobular, strongly tapering toward
commissure, thus fruit sharply geminate ....-.+-+++++serecs 156.
Mericarps never globular, not tapering toward commissure or
only slightly tapering, thus fruit obscurely geminate........---. 3) Ie
Stylopodium at apex of fruit (cleseart jolla) oe og oo ow eo op ooo
Spe MRE ete hanes ot) Me eta tr aenhey dn ioaewe: piitaminAde 968. Schrenkia Fisch. et Mey.
Stylopodium hidden in upper part of commissure (plant grows in
TMNC SP Nee Ho ees Fs Welbon say AMS Meike yor eclye = 985. Cryptodiscus Schrenk.
Petals yellow, whitish-yellowish or yellowish-greenish........ 158.
Petals white, pink, red or whitish-greenish....---+++-++--:+-: 1a
Fruit hardly compressed dorsally, rounded-globular or oblong. . .159.
Fruit dorsally compressed, often flat... .- +--+ ++ + see rcs cs 165.
Ovary and fruit glabrous or covered with white, verrucose
excrescences oa Jepeig season cat 8 ye A tp Doerr eg ogee ae greenies HOMO
Ovary and fruit more or less pubescent...... 1078. Laserpitium L.
Fruit with short, white, verrucose OULS OWNS 2) oyna Menton Wen lta 116 il
Fruit glabrous, without Wale WEIIPCES> b 6.605000 0 0l0 5 aa 016 00 © GZ.
Fruit with winged dorsal ribS.......--- 979. Aulacospermum Ldb.
Fruit with acute, not winglike dorsal ribs... 980. Trachydium Lindl.
Ribs of fruit thick, flexuosely tuberculate..-.--++++++++:s%:
MMSE RUC ale kay ie sities, 2 Mace) elle 983. Hippomarathrum Hoffmgg. et Link.
PHS oumcuit Mewes: tack orptuber Cullave jiu eit Meunier relG 163.
Fruit small, to 5mm long rays, umbels wiNneCwWall ~ a5 5 6 1024. Seseli L:
Fruit large, rays of umbels nearly GGWEWR pie oe a-o.c1cc coo Oo a 56 164.
Fruit circular in cross section, suberous- spongy ribs completely
ASIC A. au thie TE Te ED Ee OR LOT Eee icwetoe ee Oeil ICEL LOR OS ORO Sb 984. Cachrys L.
Fruit with 5 band-shaped or broad, thick, suberous- spongy,
SIPOMIELICHANS TeHNlOS Sacto) Gdn o1ouo Giohe DlouG bn Guo5e GG 986. Prangos Lindl.
Mericarps with more or less swollen marginS ....--+++++-+-::
Re rtp ype ae Maia ey SUR Pea teimalatl te Be iar eile sels ess 1071. Malabaila Hoffm
INilairorenaisy Chbbitencete Needs hoc) Bigideg Dec Gi Dace coh Ste 8 ee G88 BIG
Stem covered in lower half with whitish, retrorse, flattened or
squamate hairs. Umbels of 6—10 glabrous rayS ..--+--+-++++e::
PR RRR pO Ee oh DIARIES. IB Vela veh volt olicns TobrteR fepmrongientnk are 1060. Opopanax Koch.
Stem glabrous or hairy, without squamate hairs ..-.---=--- Ge
Fruit large, usually ovoid, 6—20mm IroNaye G6 3° 36 1058. Ferulago Koch.
Fruit to 5mm long, usually globular, ieeuaelhy Oxvomwel 5 A oo oOo 8 168.
Plants more or less pubescent ....-+-++s++:>% 1068. Pastinaca L.
Pilavans, SelopeOws aia alc hp out tue okdem eyo d Shor lgle eho S Geos 0 © 169.
Leaves thinly dissected, 1—2 mm long, withering at flowering,
ima wWeiag Slovo, Melybllets 55 id 5 o)c 0c 3431505 oa ueio: 8 1047. Palimbia Bess.
Leaves with longer lobules, persistent at ion enous 6 5 5 bo 6 5 OG. e OE
Leaflets of involucre and involucels with finely ciliate margin,
often scabrous above; leaflets of involucre slightly connate;
fruit yellowish brown, the 3 dorsal ribs nearly winglike .......-
1045. Levisticum Hill.
ieee Wen ee oy om eps cpio rept em eihcew ear eal eu sik Oe tew Jem Oy, (Sia Meng * yi Siye Sheet, Se oe en
221
312
be
or Leaflets of involucre and involucels glabrous; leaflets of invo- ;
lucels free; fruit whitish or whitish-yellowish, dorsal ribs
fat O rea eee a Pe uel ORME Vics SMO) We tangs , 17
Leal Fruit ovoid or Subelomolenn SORTA dee opie et hans tee Ce ee 1062. ‘Bewigedanen 16, |
15 Be TEAM Ono ter airs wea 1064. Anethum L. (A. involu cratum),.
172(157) Plants with slightly fleshy (succulent), pale green, ternate-
bipinnate leaves with linear-lanceolate or lanceolate (2.5—5 cm
long, 5—6 mm wide), slightly spinose lobules (plants of the Black
Sa COS HA Nein HARE NCR ee HA alpen Loans 6 Nahin 1021. Crithmum: 13
35 Leaves) not fleshy torsspinosies .. 4\-" 3 dae ie Lt eek 1733
Defeats Nearly all leaves radical; stem leafless or with 1 leaf in lower
part; styles recurved, three times as long as stylopodium......
CRP a Me REN Nis ihe Fike ss oh co rh Meviae edie, Rei htyoibas Ac Ian est NS gic utgre cme SRE 974. Danaa All.
“r Stems leafy, styles slightly longer or shorter than stylopodium . .174.
17 4: Fruit with protruding, often winged secondary ribs, these some-
times covered with Spines: sis 28h PAR hone 2 ot eee i)
ats Beurt with filiform ior winged! primary ribs only ys 2.9. tse 176.
ioe Primary and secondary ribs undulant-curled; leaflets or invo-
lucels ovate or ovate-lanceolate, nearly entirely scarious......
1077. Polylophium Boiss.
at Sai Pad ge conden ibe nee dnchilenie curled; involucels of
linear, filiform, rarely oblong-linear, sometimes narrowly scarious
RN GUS MON cierto ee ail vines Sp citicha iy ARE Oe EA), Le rept 1078. Laserpitium L.
LR Ge Ovary and fruit glabrous, rarely fruit with few hairs ......... Lite
qf Ovary and fruit pubescent .. .1062a, Pilopleura Schischk.
Wes Radical leaves entire or ternate, cauline leaves biternate; terminal
lobes linear-lanceolate or linear, vey and acutely serrate 4
: : oh. .1005. Falcaria Berth.
+ ce sual or “Wolniemeaece or O aeta, aieeeer into ovate
tobeles%! x) CROP Y MES OR RR EI an Rage orth 02: Lee eee ae 178.
178. Leaves, at least the lower, simple-pinnate, submerged leaves
sometimes) mulbtisiects ) lakyecs ett Deke Set Se ikfesle
i eaves: biternateior multi pinnate y., 2%...) Lee 184.
179. Calyx-teeth distinct; perennial hydrophilous shore plants ...... 180.
sts Calyx-téeth indistinet; biennials, rarely perennials. 2. 3) ee USI.
180. Leaflets of involucre sometimes incised, those of radical leaves
ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, often with 1 adaxial lobe, biserrate-
incised; umbels opposite leaves; fruit ovoid-globular, 1.5—2 mm
HOTS sil Seal aka Se Wale adap bie ty Sows Fad Adah tan coh epee see 1020. Berula Koch.
+P Leaflets of involucre entire, seldom toothed, leaflets of radical
leaves broadly or narrowly lanceolate, acute, serrate bipinnate
(submerged leaves sometimes present); fruit ovoid or oblong,
22 Oeaoe O TNE, TOMS ee ey oF op 2 » elite’ ag itre oROLO =, tentiieee:
161. Umbel of 3—6 glabrous E08, ‘eaayele oo toe Merered (Caucasus) 182.
at: Umbels of 6—20 rays scabrous above, umbellets 15—25-flowered 183.
182. Umbels of 4—6 rays, involucre and involucels of 2—5 short, linear-
subulate Weatlets: wicrperacnaty black piri t.ti 5 hua ae, ae 1000. Sison L.
ae Umbels of 3—4 rays, involucre and involucels of 3—5 oblong-
lanceolate leaflets, with broad scarious margin; ripe fruit not
blak He SOME OY. Lo SNe OORT P95 4 lee otete oieneeorone
222
ISM)
Fruit slightly compressed laterally, marginal wings not expand-
bake UC ICIO RSLS ys atin rac eae ae 1006.Carum L. (C.. grossheimii)).
Fruit compressed dorsally, marginal wings expanding ........
Ney il UNAS A aR RO 1062: Peucedanum L. (P. falecaria Turcz. ).
Leaves simple- or biternate, primary and secondary lobes on
moneyorm Nessulons petiolules; petals ereenish—wihitishiin,, cans mens 1GiS.
Leaves bi- or multipinnate; petals white or pink
Leaves ternate, with large (3—8 cm long, 1—5(7) cm wide) lobules .
i : 1034. Ligusticum L,
Tien ac ae or "EHH SEAN. with eneaille oie =o). Oucmn Loney, O32. oem
Hcle) Meow we As a eee 1032. Selinum L. (S. tianschanicum),
Stems 6—40 cm, leafless or with few leaves, umbels rather dense,
2—4 cm across, involucre of nearly equal rays. High mountain
andraretle plamts- 2b.) . wey ele ee lOO meachypkeimreria eciioe
Stems higher, 40—150 cm » latisine esr leafy, rarely with few cauline
leaves sunaallyelicn 4 ik; Cia ACH OS |S < Asp se Wess o dopyanbrantey lab tenned cate Gaui ane ueTS 187.
Involucre of 3—7 recurved, herbaceous leaflets, involucels also of
3—7 leaflets, shifted to one side, proximally connate; stems with
reddish-brownspots in lower part; fruit broadly ovoid, with un-
Clara eret lO Sia A pcan ie sihanloavatale SS) Komuabica ver. shay DSRS Hleabem age nck ah Ayer panes cans onion Conon
Involucral leaflets not oblique, if connate then leaflets many;
SLMS MWAENOUiaGed dust biGO Willy SIPOUSiwi ake bred ogicbes: cilittc fehl iia teneeMitey ial ements 188.
All ribs thickened, spongy (Siberia) .... 1049. Phlojodicarpus Turcz.
IDionesish violet allahitonenan one \imualetetelis nM alain a) Ayomb ok obo G10 bho G5 5 a! 6 Gigs
remit mace diy «compressed dorsialllliyaa ios) ee cece eee meena LC),
JENNIE (OLEH Sh eale cay ey oes }ed “eenielels RERR gegen EL OAR
Dorsal ribs ane srotrandling aeeriay Hane’ Sys: collte Pebaeth oteeiia en eee hese
Beery Pieter Sieh let vone tom Sule tower chien t ire dar uy shah Kear "Sn ssip 1037. Conioselinum Fisch
DOr ail” Teil ons) Se aiKo waaay Gs AME A Wes ety eta an ce pews uc ae 7) gyal.
Root thick, eae AVC) Okeke Or Oa tp, OO, OU CMORTS 1066. Moecliania Koren
IEOOIs abiswatoneraal 4 een je ayo « » LOG2. Peucedanumamla:
Dorsal ribs with narrow or onena wines Bearer ne Se Lareiae LOIRE
Dorsal ribs filiform or slightly deehcaend somnectaes ate,
iavour Wrninvarerel Aa a Boe mush On.
Fruit oblong- cylindrical, dowel big ee narrow “angular Siily
\jabalersy aaa PEs 1. eLOS 3 suey allolacnamiacies
Fruit ovoid or eeifoe lo bullae. Wek eee usually not undulant wings 194.
Upper part of stem, inflorescence, usually also margins and
nerves of leaves, beneath or above, short-stiff-hairy or covered
with short, papilliform hairs. Large plants, 100—150cm high... .195.
Plants glabrous, sometimes scabrous along ane and upper
side of nerves .... ron weeLOlGe
Leaflets of ee occ! Reneaenous: lage 1 Be 6 cm aaae: rene
cleft into teeth; leaves stiff-haired along margins and lower side
Git NASIENTSS) Ron pe See ee naa rT on rea Seen ns een BOTS 976. Pleurospermum Hoffm.
Leaflets of involucre up to 1 cm long, often scarious at margins;
leaves glabrous above along nerves and margins or covered with
VOIAy Slagiwe IMeuliPsy sa bi oo o awe aio Bo 6 6 ol @ Oe 1034. Ligusticum L.
Umbel rays extremely unequal; ribs winged, often undulant or crenate,
VWelllectllarS Giiecia Viel Wylanenlel WeigieblOeKS BG S556 ge SA oo ko a eb oe
223
ale Leaflets of involucre equal or nearly so; valleculae without
whitish verrucae, ribs winged, neither undulant nor crenate wee
: 1031. Cnidiumm L,
197. Terrie ieioreilees Bees, 3-61 mm 1 ova, leaflets of involucre
and involucels also setaceous; styles very short (0.5mm long
TALULA Os Gn Oa Pe Lee na elas 967. Fuernrohria C. Koch.
ate Terminal lobules lanceolate or linear, leaflets of involucre and
involucels oblong or linear; styles not less than 1mm long in
GUL eich aA aa Egret)
IES) Sic Fruit with acute sebs: seta steht saeenisite shems is 100 cm
arenas oe oe ap) ok oc Valgem iets Sear in ae tUe eee Matt's 978. Eleutherospermum C. Koch.
a Heit wath tlitenm ribs; perals) wihtite or pink ~)s.). 25) eae 199.9
19).8). SistOglster see Umeraaiy allo leur Pn mmemrndo LOC. Carcuia iL,
ag stemer40 1 OOo iol. hi Coke nee ete als atet ey a 3 og 200.
200. Umbels of 4—8 rays, leaflets of involucre and involucels oblong-
lanceolate; with) broad Scarious mearoin (Centr, Asia) see
. 1008. Zeravschania Korov.
‘F aaelis si 6 “ig ae eailets ies agora and involucels linear
Q@ACICASTIGY Ve ete t ee ee ar 1014, Pimpinella (PY anthras comdec):
Zoe Leaves simple-pinnate; high mountain plants, with prostrate stems
: .1074, Pastinacopsis Golosk.
+ meee be a quadieieitinaite, “pares sinapolie- pinnate; stems usually
(SICEXCW, Gas poltodon errr e ise 9 202),
ZOZ. Fruit ginconeler Eomnnceeed dorselley, flat aie eh eee 9 OB.
fF vig oiC MOT CIE Ti. wun. els ts Bats Ze
203. Fruit aan LO 15 mm liom, saa simemely Swollen Eleionens jsgreer
: .1072. Zosimia Hoffm.
7 iach ie 10 mm ‘loae, an Sls state surelllen berder*\\. iawn 204,
204, Fruit without winged border, umbels of 8—30 rays (Siberia)
avis whites Vlllous;icomered with thin done waits ees i en-h eee
1049, Phlojodicarpus Turcz.
ate Fruit nS narrow POHOE: ee of 5—15 short-haired or sub-
cilaibBous rays (Centre Vsiene |). i). 1075. Platytaenia Nevski et Vved.
205" GAllvyax a 6535 — Co rn s\ vail bial Saeinaaapnm
Abh. Akad. Muench. IV, 2 (1845) 194; Miq. in Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd.-Bat.
II (1865) 160, non L.— Cornus macrophylla Forb. et Hemsl. in
Journ, Linn. Soc. XXII (1888) 345; C.K. Schn. Laudholzk. II, 444, pro
parte; Vorob'ev in Tr. Dal'nev. bazy AN ser. obshch. 1 (1948) 27, non
Wall.— Cornus corynostylis Koehne in Gartenfl. XLV (1896) 286. —
C. ignorata Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. for Jap. I (1899) 121, non C. Koch, —
eo 3 (Geueneimil; SILW5 15 Dil—AV el los Slouhoeisienivel ll, ©, alos (7, v, 2s Naika.
Mie sylv. wkoreanay XVI(927) tab. XXIX: Tarasaki, Ic. fl) Jape 1s)
fy cto De
Shrub or small tree, with longitudinally cracking bark; shoots and young
branches dark, reddish brown, subglabrous even when young. Leaves with
1.2—3 cm petioles, to 16 cm long, 8—9 cm wide, dark green above, shiny,
whitish-glaucous beneath, both surfaces with short appressed bipartite
hairs or subglabrous above, oblong-elliptic or oval (rarely broadly ovate),
with cuneate or rounded base, acute or often acuminate, produced into often
long and more or less curved mucro, margins smooth or slightly undulant
so as to appear dentate, 6—8(9) pairs of lateral nerves prominent beneath
by their yellow color; network of small nerves not clearly defined. Inflo-
rescences dense, many-flowered, broad, to 10mm long, 15 cm wide, on
4.9—5 cm long pedicels, with remote paired lateral, nearly horizontal bran-
ches, silvery-gray ovary entirely covered with appressed hairs, inflo-
rescence sparsely pubescent; pedicels 2.5—5 mm; calyx-teeth triangular,
short, hardly exceeding pulviniform disk; petals lanceolate, 4—5 mm long,
1—1.5mm wide; stamens as long as petals, anthers 1.75—2 mm long; styles
as long as filaments, short-thickened below flat stigma; fruit globular, black,
5.9—6 mm long; stone ca. 4mm long, smooth, globular. Fl. from June, Fr.
from August.
Horests, = Par Hast; Sakh. ‘Gen. distr. : Korea, Jap.) Desicribedmigoan
Japan. Type in Leningrad.
60116 7 238
335
Economic importance. An ornamental species, not cultivated in the
USSR.
Note. Vorob'ev (l.c.) reports "Cornus macrophylla Wall." for
Kunashir Island. The Japanese race should apparently be interpreted as
the generally accepted T. macrophylla (Wall.) Pojark., i.e., T. bra-
chy poda(C. A.M.) Pojark., the specific status of which is acknowledged
by Japanese botanists themselves. T. macrophylla differs from
T. brachypoda in the shape of the style, which is thickened fro a good
part, and by the long stamens which exceed the style as well as the petals.
The presence of T. brachypoda in the Kuriles requires corrobora-
tion, as the only specimen in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute
described as "Cornus macrophylla" proved to belong to Bothro-
caryum controversum (Hemsl.) Pojark. The confusion over the
naming of these two species, which belong to different genera, lingers to
this day because of Koehne's (Gartenflora, XLVII, 1897) mistake in inter-
pEeuNnS Gornus macrophylla Wall: as Cornus controversa
Hemsl.
Series 2. Koenigianae Pojark. — Leaves to 13 cm long, green beneath,
without papillae, with 5—6 pairs of lateral nerves. Anthers dull purple.
Fruit 7-—10mm across. One species.
2.) koenigii (C.K. Schn.)-Sanadze in Tr, Tbil} univ, XxDxa' (1946)
44; Poyarkova in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XII (1950) 172. —
Cornus koenigiiC. K. Schn. in Fedde, Repert. sp. nov. VII (1909)
229; Laubholzk. II (1909) 449; Yuzepchuk in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, II,
28(1919)449; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. I11(1932)197.— C. australis var. Koeni-
gii Wanger.in Pflanzenr. IV, 229(1910)75; Medved., Der. i kust. Kavk. (1919)
175.— Svida koenigii Pojark. ex Grossg., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949)
205.— Ic: €.K. Schn. Laubholzk. II, fig. 299 d—e.
Peelkicw arc KMoentoninWanger. ia Pflanzen. (V,) 229) (910) iis lledyedes
Der. i kust. Kavk. (1919) 175.—Svida koenigii Pojark. ex Grossg.,
Opred) rast. Kavk, (1949) 205:—TIc.: ©. K. Schn. Laubholzk, 11) fig:
299 d—e.
Shrub, small tree or high shrub, to 4m; shoots slightly faceted, dull
green, when young with sparse appressed hairs to subglabrous, annual
shoots dark reddish-brown; older branches light brown with longitudinally
wrinkled bark; leaves 5-13 mm long, 2.5—8 mm wide, dark green above,
much paler beneath, usually both surfaces covered with thick, appressed,
short, bipartite hairs, elliptic or ovate, usually elongate (usually half as
wide as long), rarely wide or oblong, base usually broad, cuneate, rarely
rounded-cuneate, usually gradually acuminate, rarely short-acuminate,
attenuate, rarely abruptly tapering to mucro; nerves commonly 5—6 pairs,
in lower leaves often only 4 pairs; transverse nerves of the third order
and in part also network of smaller nerves very prominent; petioles 1—
2.2cm. Inflorescences on 3.5—5 cm pedicels, slightly inflated, 2—3 cm
long, 4—6 cm wide; branches of inflorescence and pedicels densely covered
with appressed hairs; ovary entirely covered with appressed brownish
hairs: calyx-teeth (0.6) 0.8—1.1 mm long, to 1.5 times as long, sometimes
nearly as long as disk; petals broadly or narrowly lanceolate, 6—7.2 mm
long, 1.8—2 mm wide at base, with remote appressed short hairs on outside;
239
336
E>
ce a A Aaa tet
filaments 4.5—5.5mm long, shorter than petals and style; fruit black, glo-
bular, 7-10 mm across, stone 5—6.5mm long, 6—7.5mm across, nearly
globular or distinctly flattened, apically, rarely laterally with 8 very fine
furrows converging at poles. Fl. end of May, June, Fr. September—
October. (Plate XXIV, Figure 2.)
Forests in lower and middle mountain belt, along forest edges, and
woody-shrubby thickets along riverbanks. — Caucasus: W., S. Transc.
(Akhaltsikhe district). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Artvin, Lazistan and
Trebizond). Described from Murgulzu River in Artvin district. Type in
Vienna?
Economic importance. An ornamental tree which deserves to be planted
in parks and gardens in the western parts of European USSR.
Series 3. Sanguineae Pojark. — Leaves to 10cm long, rarely longer than
8 cm, with 3—5 pairs of lateral nerves, network of small nerves usually in-
distinct beneath. Anthers white. In addition to the 5 Russian species, this
series includes T. cilicica(Wanger.) Pojark. from Asia Minor, and two
E. Asian species: T. coreana(Wanger.) Pojark. comb. nov. from Korea
and Hopeh province, N. China, and T. koehneana(Wanger.) Pojark. comb.
nov. from the northern part of Shensi province.
3. T. sanguinea (L.) Fourr. in Ann. soc. Linn. de Lyon, Nouv. sér.
XVI (1868) 394; Poyarkova in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR,
Kil (950) 172.—"Cornus sanguinea L. Sp. pl. (753) 17 Palle
Rossa, (90, (pi p.seBesser, Prim: fl. Galic. 1,124) Ldb. Hikenescesnn
378, p. p.; C. A. Meyer in Ann. sc. Nat. 3 sér. IV, 68; in Mém. Acad.
Se; Pétersb. 6 sér. VII, 2 (1849) 215; Boiss. Fl. or. 1, 1092; Shmal'g.,
Hie) 43l p.p.; CC: K: Sehnt \Laubholzk. Il, 448. Pedch) and hile rear
Evi. (Ross. 709; Hegi, Il, Fl, V, 2, 1545; Maevsk., FI.Sr. ‘Resse7@940)
998.1? C. citrifoliaWahlb,’ in Isis, XX1 (1828) 932)= GY latiseolae
Bray in Denkschr. Bot. Gesellsch. Regensb. I, 2 (1818) 35.—Svida
sanguinea Opiz in Mala Encyclop. Nauk, Naklad. ¢esk. Mus. X (1852)
Gace. SElesi, les tabe 204, "i. 3a—e: f. 2589=2592. = ixc "Ge bee
No. 922; Fl. polon. exs. No. 441.
Shrub or small tree 2—4m high, with procumbent or drooping branches,
the gray bark with fine longitudinal and transverse cracks; young shoots
green, appressed-hairy, soon turning purple or brown-red, two-year old
shoots glabrous, olive-brown; petioles 8—18 mm, with scattered appressed
hairs to subglabrous; leaves pale green, with short, scattered, appressed,
bipartite hairs paler above, often glaucescent, more densely covered with
long simple spreading curly hairs beneath, to 10cm long, 6.5 cm wide,
usually elliptic, often elongate, with cuneate base, and more or less long-
acuminate (var. communis C.A.M.), rarely ovate-elliptic or broadly
ovate-elliptic, with rounded base and rounded or short- acuminate apex,
tapering to short mucro (var. latifolia'C. A, M., Cornus latipolwe
Bray); lateral nerves usually 3—5 on each side, network of small nerves
distinctly protruding. Inflorescences on 2.5—3.5 cm long pedicels, slightly
convex or nearly flat, branches and pedicels with short appressed hairs;
pedicels to 6mm; ovary whitish gray, entirely covered with appressed hairs;
calyx-teeth triangular or ovate-triangular, usually shorter than, rarely as
long as or slightly longer than disk; petals 4.5—6 mm long, 1.5mm wide,
60116 7 240
337
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, appressed-hairy outside; stamens shorter
than petals, filaments 4—5 mm long, anthers 1.8—2.5 mm long; style shorter
than stamens, 3.5—4 mm long with clavate apex and capitate, truncate stigma;
fruit blue-black, globular, 5-86mm across, stone 4—4.5 mm long, 5-6 mm
across, globular or flattened-globular, smooth or with few faint furrows.
Fl. June, Fr. August—September. A second flowering is often observed
in the fall.
Undergrowth of light broadleaved and mixed forests, shrubby thickets,
together with willows in moist localities along shores of lakes, rivers and
swamps, as well as on dry, sunny slopes. — European part: Balt., Lad.-Ilm.
(SW), U. V. (near Oka in the south), U. Dnp., M.D., V.-Don, U. Dns.,
Bes., Bl., L. Don(western part). Gen. distr.: Scand. (southern part),
Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med. (S. Europe), Bal.-As. Min. (northern part
of Balkans). Described from W. Europe. Type in London.
Economic importance. The fleshy pericarp contains a gray dyestuff
and 19—35(55)% of a non-drying, green, technical oil suitable for burning.
Some sources claim it to be suitable for food after refining. The seeds
contain even more of this oil — 40—45%. The bark may be used as bast.
The reddish wood is very tough, finely grained; it cuts badly and is used
in carpentry and turning. The thin, flexible branches are used in the manu-
facture of baskets, hoops, and pipe stems. An ornamental plant suitable for
hedges. The known ornamental forms with variegated leaves are f. va-
riegata(Dipp.) Pojark. comb. nov., with white-spotted leaves, f. aureo-
variegata(Purpus) Pojark. comb. n., f. mietschii (Purpus) Pojark.
comb. n., with young shoots bearing pale yellow, finely spotted leaves. An
interesting form is var. viridissima (Dieck) Pojark. comb. nov., with
shoots and fruits green.
NOTE whe sians uimeadoes not grow in the Crimea.) Whe plantyeuli—
vated under this name (or identified as such in herbaria) is in fact T. aus -
PeehapL aS
4. T. australis (C. A. M.) Sanadze in Tr. Tbil. univ. KXIXa (1946) 38,
pro parte (v. microcarpa Sanadze); Poyarkova in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot.
iis NESS Shelly ( 1950) 2) vost. (Cornus: ausirculisy ©. Ae aMn
in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. III (1845) 372, p. p. et in Mém.
Meaciscemorscr Vil, 2)(1649)) 211 pt pe Boiss. Hisgor: Ts 1092. pe ps:
€. K. Sehn. Laubholzk. Il, 448, s. str.; Wanger. in Pflanzenr. IV, 229,
(oP apo Gcossio. Hl Kavi. Ll, lotss (©. Siang Utne al Pally ine Ross:
mele \250." psp. Me B. FI, taurmy=cauc: 1) 112 (excl. syn): €..A0 My oun
Pcaicesecason clasts, p: pe: ldbysmly Rossy 37/8," ps.) MOm lune
C. sanguinea var. australis Koehne, Dendr. (1893) 437; Shmal'g.,
Mees. Volt and Palib., Dersi kust. 329: Medved., Dera kust, Kavi:
3rd ed. (1919) 175.—Svida australis Pojark. ex Grossh., Opred.
eecemieivinn (L949) 2054— Ie. (C. Ki Schn. Ic. fe 209|! — Macc weaG athe
No. 972; Dorfler, Herb. norm. No. 4339.
Shrub or smalltree 2—4 mhigh, with broad, slightly drooping crown and
green shoots densely beset with appressed, bipartite hairs when young,
becoming purple later; old branches brownish- gray, longitudinally rugose
or more or less verrucose from corklike outgrowths; petioles 0.7—2(2.5) em
long, appressed-hairy; leaves 2.2—9.5 cm long, 1.2—6 cm wide, bright green
241
(339)
PLATE XXV. 1— Chamaepericlymenum suecicum (L.) Graebn.; la, stone of fruit; 2—Ch. ca-
nadense (L.) Graebn., inflorescences; 3—Ch. unalaschkense (Ldb.) Rydb; 4—Cynoxylon ca-
pitata (Wall.) Nakai, compound fruit; 5 — Botrocaryum controversum (Hemsl.) Pojark, 5a, bud,
5b, stone from above and in cross section.
242
above, paler beneath, both surfaces scabrous, covered with appressed, short,
bipartite hairs, sometimes subglabrous at the end of summer, elliptic or
| 338 ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate, usually with rounded, rarely broadly cuneate,
often secund base, and short-acuminate or rounded apex, abruptly tapering
to short mucro, sometimes, especially on long sterile shoots, leaves elongate
(twice as long as wide), acuminate; lateral nerves 4—5 at each side, very
rarely only small lowermost leaves of lateral shoots with 3 pairs of nerves,
network of small nerves indistinct. Inflorescences flat or convex, 1.8—3.5cm
long, 3—6 cm wide, on 2—3 cm long stalks, densely covered, like branches of
inflorescences and pedicels, with appressed hairs mixed with spreading ones;
pedicels 3—7 mm long; ovary gray, entirely covered with appressed hairs;
calyx-teeth 0.3—0.8(1) mm long, broad- or oval-triangular, rarely oval-lan-
ceolate, with appressed hairs on the outside, glabrous inside, usually as long
as, sometimes shorter or slightly longer (1/3—/4) than disk; disk pulviniform,
flat; petals 5.3—6 mm long, 2—2.3 mm wide at base, often broad-, rarely
narrow-lanceolate,appressed-hairy outside; filaments 4—5.5 mm long, longer
than style and usually shorter than (rarely as long as) petals; anthers 2—
2.5mm long; style 3.5—4.5 mm long, abruptly broadening at apex; stigma trun-
cate; fruit globular, black, 5—9mm across; stone 4—6 mm long, (457 mama
wide, subglobular or slightly flattened, sometimes one or both ends acumi-
nate. Fl. May—June, Fr. September.
Mountain forests and edges of mountain forests, ravines, banks of rivers
and streams, slopes covered with thickets of trees and shrubs. — European
4 part: L. V. (Kuma, Manych), Crim.; Caucasus: everywhere. Gen. distr. :
Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min.), Arm.-Kurd. Described from the Caucasus.
Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance: As in preceding species.
S.T. iberica (G. Woron.) Pojark. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR,
X11 (1950) 172.— Cornus iberica G, Woron. in Tr, Bot. inst. AN SSSR,
ser. 1, 1(1933)220.— Thelyerania australis var. iberica K.Sanadze
in €@r, Toil, univ. XXIXa (1946) 39.— Th. armassica K. Sanadze, | ec.
40.—Svida iberica Pojark. ex Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 205, —
Ic.: Sanadze, 1. c. tabl. on pages 42 and 43.— Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc.
No. 578.
Shrub or small tree to 4m, with subspherical crown; young shoots brown-
ish-green, densely covered with appressed hairs, becoming subglabrous,
1-year old shoots brown; branches strongly branching; bark brownish gray
341 with longitudinal cracks; leaves 2.58.8 cm long, 1.1—3.5 em wide, dense,
dark green, shiny above, paler beneath, dull, both sides (more beneath) dense-
ly covered with short, appressed, bipartite hairs, sometimes becoming sub-
glabrous above, distinctly scabrous beneath, oblong-elliptic, usually 2.5, rare-
ly nearly 3 times or more, very rarely only twice as long as wide, long-,
rarely short-acuminate, produced into mucro, usually with narrowly cuneate
base, more or less gradually tapering to 6—15-mm long petioles; nerves
usually 4 on each side, sometimes part of leaves with 3 pairs of nerves.
Inflorescence slightly inflated, 1.7—2.5cm long, 4—6 cm wide, their short
pedicels 0.8—2 cm long; pedicels and branches of inflorescence densely
covered with short appressed hairs mixed with spreading ones; pedicels
2.5—5 mm long; calyx-teeth oval-triangular or triangular, (0.8)1—1.8(2.5) mm
long, 1.5—2.5(3) times as long as disk, appressed-hairy outside, glabrous
243
342
inside; disk flat; petals lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate, 5—6.5mm long,
1.5—2mm wide at base; filaments shorter than petals, about as long as
style, 4—4.7(5.2)mm long; anthers 2.5—3(3.5)mm long; style expanding at
apex, 4—4.5(5)mm long, stigmaflat; fruit black, globular, 6—8 mm across;
stones globular or slightly flattened, 4.5—6.5 mm in all dimensions, smooth
or with few faint furrows, without lateral meridional furrow. Fl. June,
Fr. September.
Woody-shrubby thickets in central mountain belt. — Caucasus: E. Transc.
(near Tbilisi, Gori), S. Transc. (S. Armenia, Karabakh). Endemic? De-
scribed from a living specimen [grown from seed] collected on Teletskii
Range in the Tbilisi botanical garden. Type specimen in Leningrad.
Economic importance. As in preceding species.
Note. The small-leaved form (leaves 2.5—2.8 cm long) Pal ies er wide),
described from S. Armenia as Cornus australis var. araratianii
Takht. (Zam. po sist. i geogr. r. Tbil. bot. inst. 9, 1940) and recognized
by Grossgeim as Svida araratianii (A. takht.) Grossh. (Opred. rast.
Kavk. 1949, 205), which the present author cannot accept, should presumably
be referred to T. iberica. The reported combination of characters, i.e.,
subcoriaceous, acuminate leaves with 3 pairs of nerves, is more common to
this latter species than to T. australis.
6. T. meyeri Pojark. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XII (1950)
172.— Cornus sanguineaC. A. M. Enum pl.’ caucs-easp,) (lesion
pro parte; Karel. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII, 156; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il,
378, p. p.; Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII, 105;
Buhse, Fl. d. Alburs, 641; Lipsk., Lesn. rast. Turkest. av, non. —
Cornus australis C. A. M. in Ann. sc. Nat. 3 sér. IV (1845) 74,
p. p-; in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 6 ser. VII. 2, 211, p. p.; Boiss. Fl.
ony Th yl0g 2) (p-\0-5) Wansers in Pfilanz enr. 1V, 129)" 74, yO (Ce Selina
guinea var. australis O. et B. Fedtsch., Perech. rast. Turk, 3—4
(1909) 641, non Koehne.— C. meyeri Pojark. olim in sched. — Svida
meyeri Pojark. ex Grossh, Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 729.—Ic.: Poyar-
kovay Wen fics 20 Exs’. Sintenis. It. transcasp.-pers. No. 1526.
Shrub; small tree, with rounded crown; young shoots green, with dense,
appressed, bipartite hairs, becoming dull purple, old branches strongly
branching, grayish brown, longitudinally rugose, with longitudinal corklike
striae; leaves with petioles 15 to 5 length of blade, 3.5—9 cm long, 1.3—4.5 em
wide, smaller only at base of lateral branches, 2.5—3 cm long, thin, bright green
above, paler beneath, both faces scabrous covered with short, appressed
bipartite hairs, elongate-elliptic or oval-elliptic (2—2.5timesas long as wide),
with cuneate or subrounded base and acuminate, very often long- acuminate
apex, tapering to short mucro; lower leaves of shoots often with short-acu-
minate apex, abruptly tapering to mucro; lateral nerves 3—4 pairs, network
of small nerves indistinct; petioles 6.5—14mm long, densely appressed-
hairy. Inflorescence on 0.7—3.5 cm long pedicels, convex, distinctly spread-
ing at flowering, 2.5—3.5 cm long, 4—7 cm across, branches and pedicels
densely covered with appressed hairs mixed with spreading ones; pedicels
2.5—5mm long; ovary gray, entirely covered with appressed hairs; calyx-
teeth triangular to lanceolate, 0.75—1.5, rarely to 2mm long, 1.5—2.5 times
as long as disk, hairy outside, glabrous inside; petals broadly lanceolate,
244
acute or obtuse, 5.5—7 mm long, 1.5—2.3 mm wide, base of dorsal side with
short appressed hairs; filaments 4.5—6 mm long, shorter than petals, much
longer than style; anthers 2—2.5 mm long; style 3.5—4(5)mm long, abruptly
and shortly expanding near apex, with truncate yellow stigma; fruit black,
globular, 6—7 mm across; stone distinctly flattened above and below, some-
times also slightly compressed laterally, 4—5 mm long, 4.5—5.5mm across,
with rather broad, sometimes deep, encircling, meridional furrow near
suture; surface smooth or with few, indistinct furrows. Fl. June, Fr.
September.
Floors and slopes of ravines, in thickets of shrubs and trees. — Cau-
casus: Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, only near Karakal).
Gen. distr.: Iran (Astrabad and all Elburz). Described from loldere gorge
in W. Kopet Dagh. Type in Leningrad.
Economic importance. As in preceding 2 species.
Note. In such characters as the developed calyx-teeth, the paucity (3—4)
of lateral nerves and narrow, acuminate leaves, T. meyeri more closely
resembles T. ibericathan T. australis, with which it was until re-
cently united.
7. T. darvasica Pojark. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XII
(1950) 177.— Cornus darvasica Pojark. in Sched.
High, branching shrub; young shoots with 4 weakly defined faces, green,
densely appressed-hairy, annual branches brownish purple, old branches
grayish brown; buds acute, appressed-hairy; leaves opposite, with canali-
culate, hairy petioles, 0.8—1.5 cm long, rather thin, bright green above, paler
beneath, both surfaces (slightly more so beneath) covered with rather thick,
short, appressed, bipartite hairs, hence rather coarse to the touch, broad,
ovate to subrounded, sometimes even expanding in width, rarely broadly
elliptic, usually with truncate-rounded, rarely wide, cuneate base, rounded
or short-acuminate,nearly always mucronate; lateral nerves 4—5 pairs,
arcuately curved, slightly sunken above, prominent below; network of small
nerves indistinct. Infloresence dense, 2 cm long, 4cm across, flat or slight—
ly convex, on 1.6—3.5 cm long pedicels, branches of inflorescence and pedicels
hairy, the latter 2.5—3 mm long (to 5cm in fruit); ovary gray, densely
appressed-hairy; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute or acuminate, Ol D1 53} teouaal
long, 2—2.5 times as long as disk; petals lanceolate, long-acuminate, 5.5—
6 mm long, 0.5—0.7 mm wide, outside with sparse appressed short hairs;
stamens ae length of petals, filaments 3.5—4 mm long, anthers small, (1)1.3—
1.5mm long; style as long as stamens, clavate at apex; stigma truncate;
disk pulviniform, flat above; fruit small, globular; stone slightly flattened
above, 5—6 mm long, 5.5mm across, with rather broad and deep encircling
furrow along suture and well-defined nerves visible as fine, shallow furrows
converging at poles. Fl. July, Fr. August—September.
Woody-shrubby thickets on slopes of gorges. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.
(Darvaz). Endemic. Described from near Kivron village (east of Kishlarg
Kalai-Khumb). Type in Leningrad.
Note. Both from the botanical and the geographical point of view this
is an interesting species, isolated in habit and area from the general dis-
tribution of the genus. Morphologically, it also offers some characters
245
344 which separate it from the species of the series Sanguineae, such as the
shape of the style, apex and the very small anthers. In the development of
the calyx-teeth, it most closely resembles the three southern species of the
series (T. @n We we eA. dy Sian Ga sinc! a. meyeri).
Section 2. ALBIDAE (Wanger.) Pojark. comb. nov. — Cornus subgen.
Thelycrania sect. Amblycaryum subsect. Albidae Wanger. in
Pflanzenr. IV, 229 (1910) 53.— Style cylindrical, not broadening at apex.
Fruit white or blue.
With the exception of T. alba(L.) Pojark., an American section. Of
about 12 species, most are from N. America, 2 from Mexico.
Series 4, Albae Pojark. — Fruit distinctly flattened laterally; inflo-
rescences flat, corymbiformly umbellate, with umbellate main axes and
approximate, often also umbellate, axes of the higher orders. Disk large,
pulviniform.
In addition to our T. alba, this series comprises two N. American
species — T. stolonifera (Mchx.) Pojark. and T. baileyi (Coult. et Ev.)
-Pojark.
8. T. alba (L.) Pojark. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, XII
(1950) 172°—. Cornus ‘alba Le Mant: 1 (1767) 40; pi" p:-+ Palldemietaeces
1503's.) strs;Ldb. Fl. alt.) 140: Fi: Rossy Il, 3792 Turcz snipe
dah. I, 517; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III, 182.— C. tatarica Mill. Gard.
dict. ed. VIII (1768) No.7; Fedch. and Fler., Fly Evrs “Rosst\(hosakome
and lis.§ Opred.r. Dal'nevost. kr. 1829; Kryl., FIL Zaps istoee ease
2085; Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross. (1940) 558.— C. sanguinea Pall. Fl. Ross.
1(1784) 50, p. p.; Ldb. Fl. alt. 1, 149; Fl. Ross. II, 379, p. p. (quoad
pl) ural. et sibir.): Kryl., Fl) (Alt: 11,545; non ln —C! Sibirvteameodde
in Loud. Hort. Brit. (1830) 50; C. A. M. in Ann. sc. nat. 3 sér. IV, 61;
in Mem. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. 6 sér. VII, 2, 206; Kryl., Fl. Alt. 1. c.—
C. purpurea Tausch in Flora, XXI (1838) 731.—C. albavar. sibirica
Lodd. in Loud. Arb. Brit. ed. 2, I1 (1844) 1012.— C. tataricavar. si-
birica Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. (1893) 436.— C. alba ssp. tatarica
Wanger. in Pflanzenr. IV, 229 (1910) 55.— C. subumbellata Komatsu
in Matsum. Icon. pl. Koish. II (1914) 55, t. 113; Makino et Nemoto, FI.
Jap. (1925) 437, ed. 2 (1931) 854.—C. alba var. rutokensis Miyabe et
Miyake, Fl. Saghal. (1915) 205.— C. rutokensis Miyabe et Miyake, l.c.
in nota, —Ic.: Pall. Fl. Ross. I tab. 34; Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. II,
Figure at right on page 430; Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana, XVI, tab. 24;
Sugawara, III. fl. saghaly Thy “tab. 654. = Exs!: GREY Nowlaam
Shrub, 1.5—3 m high, root producing a small sucker when mature; stems
345 thin, to 4cm across; branches long, flexible, usually erect, only in old
individuals sometimes bent toward ground, not rooting; young and older
shoots usually dark red (this form is sometimes determined as Cornus
sibirica Lodd.), sometimes black-red (f. kess elringii(E. Wolf)
Rojan comb. nova — VC. ssaibil re aky. kesselringii Wolf), rarely
red-brown or even brownish yellow (f. chrysoclada Pojark.), with
246
346
large white lenticels; leaves on 0.5—1.5 cm petioles, dark green, with sparse,
appressed, bipartite hairs above, paler, glaucous, with more or less dense
appressed bipartite hairs beneath, in the vicinity of nerves, often over entire
surface with simple curly spreading and longer hairs beneath, elliptic or
ovate-elliptic to broadly ovate, with rounded or cuneate base and acute or
more or less long-acuminate apex, 2—10mm long, 1—7 cm wide, lateral
nerves 4—6 pairs, network of small nerves visible on both sides. Inflo-
rescences flat or slightly inflated, 3-5 cm across, corymbiform, dense by
virtue of axes of the last order (''pedicels''), approximate, often nearly
umbellate, on 2—4cm pedicels; axes thin, to 10mm long, like other axes and
inflorescence stalks covered with appressed hairs, mixed with long, rufous,
curly hairs or even completely villous-hairy; ovary gray, covered with thick
appressed hairs; calyx-teeth indistinct or very short, broadly triangular;
petals oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate, obtuse, 4-5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide
in their lower part; stamens distinctly longer than petals, to twice as long
as style; fruit bluish at first, bluish-white to white when ripe, usually oblong,
juicy, ca. 8mm long; stone 5—6 mm long, markedly flattened, oblique, usually
distinctly elongate, rarely as long as wide, with longitudinal oblique striae.
Fl. from June nearly over entire summer or with second flowering in the
fall, Fr. from August. (Plate XXIV, Figure 3.)
Banks of rivers and streams, shrubby thickets along their islands, with
other shrubs in flooded forests, never forming thickets on its own. — Euro-
peaweoectDyvaiz~echs, UW. Vien Veniwamas Wey silberia: to 64°30'N., everywhere;
E. Siberia: everywhere; Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.:
Mong. (northern part), Jap., N. Korea, Manchuria, NE Ch. Described
from Siberia. Type in London.
Economic importance. A widely cultivated ornamental shrub. Several
forms with variegated leaves are known: f. argenteomarginata (Rehd.)
Pojark. comb. nov., with white-bordered leaves, f. kernii (E. Wolf) Po-
jark. comb. nov. (GioteminulsprSHianinic i clainvjatten kuch, Missi: Wolf.), with yellow-
spotted leaves, f. gouchaultii (Carr.) Pojark. comb. nov., with varie-
gated leaves, with a yellowish white or pink tinge, f. spaethii (Wittm.)
Pojark. comb. nov., with leaves having broad golden yellow margins or
entirely golden yellow.
Note. At present this species is listed in Soviet literature under three
names — Cornus tatarica Mill., C. sibirica Lodd. andC. alba L.
Linnaeus classed specimens of two closely related vicarious species from
Siberia and Canada as C. alba L. Pallas (1789) first applied Linnaeus'
name to the Siberian species which he described at great length and de-
picted in a colored plate. Hence, most taxonomists accepting Linnaeus'
epithet ''alba'' for the Siberian species are absolutely right. The American
species has long been known as Cornus stolonifera Mchx. or Svida
stolonifera (Mchx.) Rydb.
* T. stolonifera (Mchx.) Pojark. in Bot. mat. gerb. Bot. inst. AN SSSR,
XII (1950) 165.— Cornus alba lL. Mant. 1(1767) 40 p. p.; Lam. Encycl.
maeony ia (TG) Min. hos aps (Cay AL) NE. in Amnase. (Nats ysiisex: IV (1845) 60. —
Cornus stolonifera Mchx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 (1803) 92; Britt. a. Brown,
Tif, Fl. North Un. St. Canada, ed. 2, 11(1913)662.—C. sanguinea
Marsh. Arb. amer. (1785) 36, non L.— C. nelsoni Rose Contr. U. St.
247
347
herb. VIII (1903—1905) 54.— Svida stolonifera Rydb. in Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 31 (1904) 572. Ossea instolonea Nieuwl. et Lunell ex
Lunell in Am. Midl. nat. 4(1916) 487.—Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub.
II (1907) fig. at left on p. 430; Britt. a. Brown l.c. fig. 3185.
Shrub to 3 m high, producing abundant root suckers, branches shiny,
usually bright red, rarely yellow (f. flaviramea (Rchb.) Pojark. comb.
nov.), long, bent to ground and rooting; leaves usually elliptic, acuminate
at both ends, rarely ovate, bright green above, whitish beneath, with very
short bipartite hairs (much shorter than in T. alba), often mixed with
simple spreading ones. Inflorescences usually appressed-hairy, rarely
more or less villous-hairy; calyx-teeth distinct, acute; fruit usually
globular, ripe fruit white or bluish; stone less compressed laterally than
in T. alba, usually widening, rarely globular or slightly elongate. Fl.
from June nearly continuously until fall, Fr. at end of August. (Plate XXIV,
Figure 4.)
More widely cultivated in gardens and parks in the European part of the
USSR, W. Siberia and Centr. Asia than T. alba.— Gen. distr.: N. Am. —
Newfoundland to the Yukon, in the south to California and Virginia; coastal
shrubby thickets on damp soil. Described from Canada. Type not known.
Economic importance. The most popular species of Thelycrania
in the gardens and parks of the USSR. The formation of root suckers
makes it useful for stabilizing slopes.
Genus * AUCUBA* Thbg.
Thbg,. Diss. nov. gen. III (1783) 61
Flowers unisexual, dioecious; petals 4 with valvate aestivation; stami-
nate flowers with 4 stamens of short, fleshy filaments and broadly ellip-
soid dorsifix anthers without rudimentary ovary; pistillate flowers with oblong,
1-locular ovary without staminodia; style short; stigma thick, oblique,
capitate; ovule single, thick-stalked; fruit bacciform, single seed with
scarious coat; embryo small, at apex of large endosperm, with small coty-
ledons. Small evergreen trees or shrubs, with dichotomously branching
branches and opposite, thickish, coriaceous leaves. Inflorescences ter-
minal, paniculate, with opposite branches.
Three species, one each in the Himalayas, China, Japan and Korea.
* A. japonica Thbg. Diss. nov. gen. III (1783) 61; Fl. Jap. (1784) 4 et
64, tab. 12-13.— Eubasis dichotoma Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 68.—
le.*)H..u. P. Pflanzenfam, Tl, 8(1898))f. 85; Pilanzenr, IV, 229)(G9 10)
im O Ce” Sclhnwnlaubholzi, oll (909) fic.k3 02 Sonec 03 ware
Shrub, rarely small tree, with stems to 15cm across; branches green,
turning brownish gray, sparsely hairy at first, becoming glabrous; petioles
2—3(5) cm, distinctly expanding at base, 3—20cm long, 1—12 cm wide, linear-
lanceolate and lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, fleshy-coriaceous, shiny above,
dull beneath, green often with yellow or white spots, mature leaves glabrous,
* Japanese name of A. japonica Thbg.
248
348
acute or acuminate with rounded or cuneate base, entire or more or less
remotely dentate, with thick midrib, with sunk lateral veins and faint net-
work of small nerves. Inflorescences pyramidal-paniculate, their branches
opposite, dichasially branching, with lanceolate small leaves below; staminate
inflorescences larger than the pistillate; staminate flowers on 3—5 mm
pedicels, ebracteate, abscissing; calyx-teeth short; petals ovate- or lance-
late-elliptic, with small notch 3.5—4.5 mm long, reflexed; stamens much
shorter than petals; disk flattened, slightly tetrahedral, fleshy; pistillate
flowers on stalks jointed with pedicels, 2—3 mm long, with 2 bracts at point
of articulation; ovary oblong, oval-cylindrical; calyx-teeth broadly triangular;
petals as in staminate flowers; style shorter than petals, thick, glabrous;
stigma oblique; fruit ellipsoid, juicy, red, yellow or white to 2 mm long,
5—7mm across.
Widespread houseplants, also suitable for cultivation in the open along
the Black Sea coast of the Crimea and Caucasus. Gen. distr.: Jap. and
S. Korea. Described from Japan.
Economic importance. An ornamental shrub by virtue of its shiny,
often variegated leaves and brightly colored fruits.
249
ADDENDA XVI"
DIAGNOSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM
IN TOMO XVII FLORAE URSS COMMEMORATARUM
(DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES MENTIONED IN VOLUME XVI)
Junio 1951
CONIOSELINUM Fisch.
1. C. boreale Schischk. sp. nova.
Perenne; radix ad 1 cm crassa, erecta vel adscendens, collum residuis
fibrosis brunneis foliorum tectum; tota planta glaberrima, interdum violaceo
colorata; caulis 30—60 cm altus, simplex vel subramosus, tenuiter sulcatus;
folia ambitu late triangularia; radicalia et caulina inferiora in petiolis 7—13 cm
longis basi abrupte in vaginam dilatatis, lamina late triangularia 10 cm
longa ac lata, tripinnata; lobi ultimi lineares, 0.5—2 cm longi et 1—2 mm
lati; folia caulina media minora, suprema — sessilia in vagina dilatata et
reclinata. Umbellae 7—10-radiatae, radiis subaequalibus in latere interiore
vix scabridulis, in diametro 3—4 cm; foliola involucri deficientia vel
foliorum unicum lineare cito deciduum adest; umbellulae in diametro 1 cm;
foliola involucelli 5—7, anguste linearia, interdum filiformia, umbellulam
subaequantia, dentes calycini inconspicui; petala alba, exteriora usque ad
2 mm accrescentia, apice emarginata et hic lobulo involuto munita; fruc-
tus oblongi, 5—6 mm longi et 2.5—3 mm lati, jugis dorsalibus anguste
alatis, marginalibus latiuscule alatis, alis 0.75—1 mm latis; stylopodium
applanatum, styli ab initio recti breves, postea 1—1.5 mm longi, decli-
nati.
Ty pus. Karelo-finskaja SSR, insula Jaroslavov, sinus Czupa, in ripa
lapidosa maritima, 4 VIII 1925, fl., Zinserling; in Herb. Inst. bot. nom.
V. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.
Valde affine C. longifolio Turcez. sed radiis umbellae 7—10 (nec
10—15) in latere superiore indistincte asperulis (nec acute asperulis),
foliolis involucelli filiformibus vel anguste linearibus marginibus non scario-
sis sat differt.
2. C. Victoris! Schischk. sp. nova.
Perenne; radix 5—7 mm crassa, verticalis vel ascendens; caules soli-
tarii, raro duo, cum foliis glaberrimi, vulgo simplices, 15—40 cm alti;
folia radicalia numerosa, pinnata, ambitu oblonga, petiolis longis lamina
duplo-triplo longioribus, basi abrupte in vaginam dilatatis; lamina bi—trijuga,
foliolis ovatis vel late ovatis marginibus inaequaliter dentatis, 2—3 cm
1 Nomen in honorem scrutatoris diligentissimi Florae Orientis Extremi Victoris
Vassiljevii datum.
* |This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. |
250
352 longis et 1—2 cm latis supra saturate viridibus, subtus pallidioribus, foliola
terminalia, imterdum lateralia, trisecta vel tripartita; folium caulinum uni-
cum (saepe caulis aphyllus) radicalibus simile, sed minus. Umbellae
| 7—15-radiatae, radiis subaequalibus in parte interiore scabridis, in dia-
| metro 2—5 cm, involucrum nulluin; umbellulae in diametro ad 1.5 cm,
radiolis tenuiter scabridulis, foliola involucelli 5—7, anguste linearia,
acuminata, marginibus scariosa ciliolataque, umbellulam subaequantia,
frequenter violaceo-colorata; fructus fere rotundati, a dorso vix compressi,
jugis dorsalibus alatis, alis lateralibus latioribus; stylopodium breviter
conicum, styli reflexi stylopodio multo longiores.
Ty pus. Oriens extremus, prov. Ochotsk. In laricetis in valle fluminis
Tauja, 27 VII 1930, fl. M. Semenov-Tjanschansky; in herb. Inst. bot.
nom. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.
Affine est C. vaginato sed foliis simpliciter pinnatis et lobis ultimis
atioribus statim dignoscitur.
ANGELICA L.
3. A. amurensis Schischk. sp. nova. — A. anomala auct. fl. Orientis
extremi, non Lallem.
Perennis; caulis ramosus 80—200 cm altus, intus inanis, glaber, tantum
pedunculi sub umbellis usque ad internodium superum breviter pubescentes;
folia radicalia 40 cm longa et 30 cm lata bipinnata; folia caulina in
petiolis lamina brevioribus, bipinnata, lobis ultimis (foliolis) ovatis
3—10 cm longis et 1.5—5 cm latis, infimis petiolulatis interdum basi seg-
mentis 1—2 munitis vel sessilibus, suprema decurrentia, acuta, marginibus
dentata, dentibus inaequalibus anguste triangularibus acuminatis sursum
vergentibus, supra fuscoviridia venis scabridulis, subtus pallidiora venis
glaberrimis, folia summa in petiolo membranacei-inflato limbo reducto
vel subnullo. Umbellae 20—40-radiatae in diametro 10—20 cm, radiis
puberulis, involucrum nullum; umbellulae 30—40-florae, radiolis breviter
pubescentibus; foliola involucelli 5—7, lineari-lanceolata, late membranacea,
saepe violaceo colorata, vix pubescentia, cito decidua; petala alba ad
1 mm longa apice non profunde emarginata; fructus late ovati vel subro-
tundi 5 mm longi, 4 mm lati; mericarpii jugis dorsalibus tribus elevatis
lateralibus late alatis; valleculae univittatae, vittae totam superficiem
inter jugis impletae; stylopodium breviter conicum; styli reflexi stylopodio
1.5—2-plo longiores.
Typus. Prov. Chabarovsk, in quercetis prope pag. Venjukova.
2 IX 1928, fr. V. N. Vassiljev; in herb. Leninopol. conservatur.
Nostra species valde affinis A. sachalinensi Maxim., sed foliis involu-
celli glabris vel vix puberulis (nec pubescentibus), venis paginae superioris
breviter scabridulis (nec glabris) differt.
5)
B58 4. Sect. Stenophyllium sect. nov. — Fructus oblongi vel ovati, mar-
ginibus anguste alati, juga dorsalia filiformia vix prominentia; lobi ultimi
foliorum oblongi vel lanceolati, 2—5 cm longi et 0.5—1.5 cm lati; vaginae
foliorum superiorum cylindrico-oblongae extus tenuiter velutinae.
Species duo: A. anomala Lall. et A. jaluana Nak.
ARCHANGELICA Hoffm.
5. A. Komarovii Schischk. sp. nova.
Perennis; caulis glaber, ramosus, costatus, intus inanis, 830—150 (200) cm
alt.; folia radicalia in petiolis longis basi in vaginam abrupte dilatatis,
ternatim pinnata, lobi primarii petiolulati, lobi ultimi sessiles vel bre-
viter petiolulati, utroque latere venis glaberrimis, ovati, 10—20 cm longi
et 5—9 cm lati, superiores vulgo decurrentes; folia superiora biternata
in vagina inflata glabra vel indistincte scabridula sessilia; folia suprema
usque ad vaginam inflatam reducta. Umbella principalis 25—40-radiata,
in diametro 15—20 cm, radiis scabridulis vel subglabris; umbellae late-
rales minores; involucrum nullum; umbellulae multiflorae in diametro
1.5—2.5 cm, radiolis glabris; foliola inuolucelli 8—13 lineari-lanceolata,
fere tota scariosa, acuminata marginibus ciliolata radiolis multo breviora;
petala albo virescentia, apice integra, breviter acutata, ad 1 mm longa;
ovaria et fructus immaturi pilosiusculi, stylopodia pulviniformia, styli
initio erecti divergentes, postea reflexi; fructus late ovati, 7 mm longi et
5 mm lati, jugis dorsalibus anguste alatis, alis lateralibus latioribus.
Ty pus. Asia media. Montes Zeravschanici, ad ripam lacus Iskander-
kul. 1893, V. Komarov; in Herb. Inst. bot. nom. V. Komarovii Ac. Sc.
URSS conservatur.
Nostra species valde affinis A. decurrenti Ldb. sed radiis umbellarum
subglabris vel vix scabridis (nec pubescentibus) dignoscitur.
PEUCEDANUM L.
6. P. luxurians Tamamsch. sp. nova.
Perenne; radix crassa, collum fibris foliorum emortuorum diu persis-
tentibus involucratum; caules numerosi teretes sulcati ramosi, inferne
foliosi superne vaginas tantum ferentes, 1—1.5 m alti; folia praecipue radi-
calia longe petiolata, ambitu triangularia, in lacinias longissimas rigidas
triternatim secta, caulina inferiora consimilia, superiora valde diminuta,
suprema ad vaginas lanceolatas acuminatas reducta. Foliola usque ad
7—8 cm lg. et 1 mm lata, subtus trinervia. Umbellae 20—40-radiatae ad
ramulos depauperatae, radii inaequilongi; involucrum polyphyllum, phyllis
lineari setaceis inaequalibus deflexis. Umbellulae 20—30-florae, involucelli
phylla setacea pedicellis breviora; dentes calycini triangulares, petala
flavo-virentia postea flava. Stylopodia subcompressa, styli breves et
rigidi. Fructus maturi ignoti.
252
354 Typus. Transcaucasia. Terter, Isty-su, in pratis subalpinis,
8 VII 1929, fl. L. Utkin; in Herb. Universitatis Mosquensis conservatur.
Habitu appropinquat ad P. ruthenicum M. B., sed radiis umbellae
numerosioribus, umbellulis magis multifloris et lobis ultimis segmenta
foliorum angustioribus differt.
7. P. songoricum Schischk. sp. nova.
Perenne, tota planta glabra; radix 2—3 cm crassa, collum residuis
fuscobrunneis foliorum emortuorum tectum; caulis tenuiter sulcatus, sim-
plex vel in parte superiore parum ramosus, 60—70 cm altus; folia radi-
calia in petiolis longis, multoties ternatim secta, lamina ambitu triangularis,
12—15 cm longa et 10—12 cm lata, lobi ultimi lineares, 1—4 cm longi
et 1 mm lati, rigidi, apice acuminati; folia caulina inferiora minora et
minus secta, superiora in vagina oblonga sessilia laminis valde reductis.
Umbella principalis 11—15-radiata, in diametro 5—6 cm; radiis inaequa-
libus glabris, umbellis lateralibus minoribus; invoiucrum nullum vel mono
vel diphyllum, phyllis cito deciduis; umbellulae in diametro 6—10 mm,
foliola involucelli 5—7 lineari subulata, radiolis multo breviora; dentes
calycini conspicui triangulares; petala viridula vel ochroleuca apice vix
emarginata, ad 1.5 mm longa; stylopodium conicum, styli erecti vel diver-
gentes, stylopodio breviores.
Typus. Kazachstania. In jugo Dshungarski Alatau, montes Bajan-
Dshurjuk, 3 VII 1909, fl. Lipsky; in Herb. Inst. bot. nom. V. Komarovii
Ac..Sc. URSS conservatur.
Valde affine P. taurico M. B. sed umbellis 11—15-radiatis (nec
17—20) et involucro nullo (nec 3—5-phyllo) distinguitur.
8. P. borysthenicum Klok. in Viznachn. Roslin Ukr. (1950) 298.
Perenne; radix 1 cm crassa, collum residuis fusco-brunneis foliorum
emortuorum dense tectum; caulis erectus, rotundus ramosus, tenuiter cos-
tatus, glaber, 60—150 cm altus; folia radicalia in petiolis lamina brevioribus,
lamina late triangularis, 30—40 cm longa et 20—30 cm lata, triternatim secta,
lobi primarii et secundarii petiolulati, lobi ultimi lineares vel lanceolati
0.5—3.5 cm longi et 0.6—1.7 mm lati apice breviter albo-mucronulati, margi-
nibus glabri vel vix scabriduli. Umbellae 7—10-radiatae, im diametro
4—10 cm, tempore fructificationis contractae, radiis inaequalibus glabris;
foliola involucri 1—5, lanceolata vel linearia anguste albo-marginata,
sursum vergentia; umbellulae ad 8 mm in diametro, foliola involucelli
5S—7, lineari-lanceolata, radiolis breviora, dentes calycini late triangulares,
acuti subindistincti; petala viridi-albicantia, vix emarginata, in lacinulam
inflexam coarctati; fructus late ovati, 6—10 mm longi et 5—7.5 mm lati,
jugis dorsalibus filiformibus, lateralibus usque ad 1 mm dilatatis, pedicelli
fructu duplo breviores.
253
355 Typus. Ucraina, prope oppidum Dnepropetrovsk, in arenosis ad
ripam fl]. Borysthenis, fr. 20 VII] 1901. I. Akinfiev; in Herb. Inst. bot.
nom. V. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.
Appropinquat ad P. arenarium Waldst. et Kit. sed umbellis 7—10-
radiatis nec 5—7, radiis fructiferis contractis distinguitur.
9. Sectio Jurineoidea Schischk. sect. nova. — Dentes calycini vix con-
spicui, petala lutea; fructus late obovati, juga dorsalia filiformia, lateralia
late alata, valleculae 1—S3-vittatae; folia superiora ad vaginam reducta,
involucrum nullum, foliola involucelli lineari-lanceolata.
Species unica (Peucedanum paucifolium Ldb.) Transcaucasiae orien-
tali et australi atque prov. Talyschensi propria.
10. Sectio Feruloidea Schischk. sect. nov. —Dentes calycini trian-
gulares, petala ochroleuco-viridiuscula; flores polygami; fructus ovato-
elliptici, jugis dorsalibus filiformibus, lateralibus vix dilatatis.
Species unica (Peucedanum Adae Woron.) Transcaucasiae occidentali
(Abchasiae) propria.
11. Sectio Glaucoselinum Schischk. sect. nov.—Dentes calycini
triangulares, obtusi; petala late ovoidea, vix emarginata, lutea; fructus
ovoidei, juga dorsalia filiformia, lateralia vix dilatata; folia ternatim-pin-
nata, lobis ultimis ovatis parvulis; involucra et involucella nulla.
Species unica (Peucedanum transiliense Herd). montibus Asiae
Mediae propria.
OEDIBASIS K.-Pol.
12. Oe. karatavica Korov. sp. nova.
Perennis; tuber oblongum, integrum vel lobatum; caulis 40—50 cm
altus, a medio vel supra basin ramosus, tenuiter sulcatus; folia radicalia
numerosa diu non marcescentia, breviter petiolata, circuitu ovato-lanceo-
Jata, tripinnata, lobis ultimis filiformibus, erectis, mucronulatis, 6 mm
longis; folia caulina minora triangularia, lobis ultimis 20 mm longis; folia
suprema ad vaginas reducta. Umbellae 8—11-radiatae, radiis 6 cm longis,
foliola involucri 3, linearia; umbellulae 20-florae, foliola involucelli 10,
linearia, acuta, pedicellis aequalia; petala subrotundata, apice profunde
emarginata, 1.9 mm _ longa; stylopodium breviter conicum, styli 2 mm
longi; fructus (immaturi) lineares, apice incrassati, 0.4 cm longi, juga valde
prominula, marginibus mericarpii dilatatis, vittae latae.
Ty pus. Asia media. Montes Karatau; in Herb. Univers. As. Med.
conservatur.
Species haec affinis est Oe. apiculatae (Kar. et Kir.) K.-Pol., sed
glabritia totae plantae et lobis ultimis foliorum filiformibus 20 mm longis,
statim dignoscitur.
60116 7 254
356
PLATYTAENIA Nevski et Vved.
13. Sect. Euplatytaenia Schischk. sect. nova. —Ovaria et fructus
pubescentes.
14. P. depauperata Schischk. sp. nova.
Radix crassa, multiceps; caules numerosi vel subsoiitarii, pilis brevis-
simis rigidiusculis vestiti, ramis paucis oblique adscendentibus, 20—40 cm
alti; folia radicalia numerosa, circuitu oblongo-linearia, 4—25 cm longa
et 0.5—2 cm lata, foliolis 2—5-paribus, ovatis, marginibus inciso-den-
tatis, sessilibus vel breviter petiolulatis; folia caulina pauca minora; folia
suprema cum lamina valde reducta. Umbellae 2—5-radiatae, radiis inae-
qualibus pubescentibus, in diametro (tempore florendi) 1—2 cm, foliola
involucri 2—5, lanceolata, acuminata, membranaceo-marginata, puberula
radiis multo breviora; umbellulae parvae, in diametro ad 0.5 cm foliola
involucelii 5, foliolis involucri similia; dentes calycini vix conspicui, petala
tota homomorpha flavido-viridula, ad 1 mm longa; ovaria et fructus juve-
nales dense albo-tomentosi; stylopodium breviter conicum; styli reflexi
1—1.5 mm longi; fructus maturi ignoti.
Ty pus. Kirgizia. Montes Tjan-schan. Ad ripas fl. Kiczik-Usengusch
4 km supra ostium. In clivis herbosis lapidosisque, fl. et fr. juven.
1 IX 1939. V. Jakovleva.
Appropinquat ad P. pimpinelloidem Nevski sed petalis externis non
accrescentibus, caulibus foliisque vix hirsutiusculis.
15. P. bucharica (Fedtsch.) Schischk. sp. nova. —Malabaila bucha-
rica Fedtsch. in Sched. ad Herb. Leninopol.
Radix crassa, multiceps, collum residuis atrobrunneis foliorum emor-
tuorum vestitum; caules praecipue in parte inferiore pilis albidis rigidius-
culis deorsum vergentibus densiuscule tecti, 50—60 cm alti, superne
ramosi; folia radicalia mox marcescentia, caulina inferiora oblonga, petiolis
dimidio laminae subaequalibus munita; lamina ob pubescentiam densam
grisea, bipinnata vel pinnata, 10 cm longa et 4 cm lata; foliola quinque--
paria breviter petiolulata pinnatifida, lobulis late ovoideis marginibus den-
tatis, paribus inferioribus a caeteris remotis, e foliolis minoribus grosse
inaequaliter dentatis constituentibus. Umbellae 12—25-radiatae, radiis
inaequalibus hirsutis, in diametro 3—7 cm, involucri foliola 5, lanceo-
lato-linearia dense pubescentia, albomarginata; umbellulae parvulae in
diametro 3—5 mm radiolis inaequalibus pubescentibus; foliola involucelli 5,
lineari-lanceolata, puberula umbellulae subaequalia; fructus late ovati,
3.5 mm longi et 3 mm lati, jugis dorsalibus acutis, lateralibis dilatatis
marginibus anguste indistincte incrassatis, valleculae univittatae, comissura
bivittata.
255
357 Typus. Asia Media. Tadzhikistania, jakkabag. 19 VI 1891, fl. et
fr. V. Lipsky; in Herb. Inst. bot. nom. V. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.
Non dissimilis est P. pimpinelloidi Nevski sed umbellis 12—25 (nec
3—7) statim dignoscitur.
16. P. Komarovii (Manden.) Schischk. comb. nova. — Tordyliopsis
Komarovii Manden. in litteris.
Perennis; pianta ad 1 m alta, caule cylindrico glabro vel pilis bre-
vibus tenuibus sparsis obsito; folia pinnata 5—6-juga, segmentis sessilibus
ambitu ovatis inaequaliter plus minusve incisis, margine acute dentatis,
supra glabris, subtus sparsissime minute puberulis, vaginis haud dilatatis
anguste et membranaceo-marginatis, folia summa diminuta segmentis elon-
gatis interdum subintegra. Umbellae (10) 16—18-radiatae, umbellarum
umbellularumque radii molliter et plus minus dense patule pubescentes,
involucri folio!a numerosa lanceolato-linearia, pubescentia, foliola involu-
celli praecedentibus conformia, umbellulas floriferas aequantia, flosculi
albi, dentes caiycini valde inaequales 1—2 lanceolati longi, ceteri brevi-
ter triangulares inconspicui, petala marginalia valde acuta profunde biloba,
lobis latis; antherae luteae; mericarpia ovalia 9 mm lg., 6 mm lata, sparse
minuteque puberula vel glabra, basin versus subangustata, vittae dorsales
mericarpii basin fere attingentes, valleculas medianas fere implentes, com-
missuralia dorsalibus subaequilata, recta, valde approximata, stylopodio
late-conico, styli disco 3—4-ple longiores.
Typus. Asia media. In jugo inter fl. Muran et Kzyl-su, in declivio
occidentali montis Karimdzag 27 VII 1932 leg. Gonczarov, Grigoriev et
Nikitin; in Herb. Inst. Bot. nom. V. L. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS con-
servatur.
Affinis est P. heterodoniae Korov., sed foliolis majusculis 2—8 em
Jongis ac latis statim dignoscitur. (Descriptio Mandenoviae).
17. Sect. Pseudoplatytenia Schischk. sect. nova. — Ovaria et fruc-
tus glaberrimi.
18. P. Rubtzovii Schischk. sp. nova.
Perennis; caulis erectus, angulato-costatus, moiliter floccoso-pubes-
cens, ramosus, 50—60 cm altus; folia radicalia longe petiolata, oblonga,
bipinnata, 10—15 cm longa et 2 cm lata, molliter pubescentia, lobi ultimi
2—5 mm longi et 1 mm Jati, acutiusculi; folia caulina minora et in vagina
dilatata sessilia. Umbellae 7—13-radiatae, radiis inaequalibus, in diametro
2.5—8 cm; foliola involucri involucellique 5—7, lanceolata, acuminata,
marginibus late membranacea, erecta, dense et breviter puberula; umbel-
lulae in diametro ad 1.2 cm, radiolis pubescentibus; dentes calycini bre-
viter triangulares; petala sulfureo-albida, cacumine involuto praedita,
dorso violascentia et molliter puberula, exteriora valde accrescentia; fruc-
tus elliptici, 6—7 mm longi et 5 mm lati, glabri; mericarpii juga dor-
256
y
i
!
| 358 salia filiformia, acutiuscula; vittae in valleculis latae, comissura bivittata,
vittis approximatis.
Ty pus. Kasachstania. Montes Dzhungarski Alatau. Ditio Dzharkent,
in faucibus Taldy-bulak; fr. 18 VII 1937, N. Rubtzov et O. Linczevski;
in Herb. Inst. bot. nom V. Komarovii Ac. Sc. URSS conservatur.
Appropinquat ad P. bucharicam (Fedtsch.) Schischk. sed umbellis
7—13-radiatis (nec 12—25), ovariis fructibusque glaberrimis (nec hirsutis)
petalis exterioribus valde radiantibus statim dignoscitur.
19. SCAPHOSPERMUM Korov. gen. nov.
Flores hérmaphroditi vel polygami; dentes calycini inconspicui;
petala flavida, apice integra cum lobulo inflexo; stylopodium breviter
conicum, styli reflexi stylopodio longiores; fructus ovati, jugis acutis
prominentibus, superficies inter juga rugosa, valleculae univittatae, comis-
sura bivittata; endospermum planum.
Genus monotypicum Tadzhikistaniae australis montanae proprium.
A proximo genere Silao Bernh. valleculis univittatis, fructuum super-
ficie rugosa differt.
20. S. asiaticum Korov. sp. nova.
Perenne; radix verticalis vel adscendens, 0.8 cm crassa; collum
residuis fibrosis brunneis foliorum emortuorum dense tectum; caulis vulgo
solitarius, glaber, tenuiter costatus, intus inanis, ramosus 50—100 cm
altus; folia radicalia cito emarcida, bi- vel tripinnata ambitu late ovata,
15—25 cm longa et 10—15 cm lata, petiolis brevibus basi in vaginam
amplexicaulem late scarioso-marginatam abrupte abeuntibus; lobi primarii
inferiores longe, medii breviter petiolulati, supremi—sessiles, ambitu
oblongi, toti pinnatim secti, lobi secundarii ovati, sessiles vel subses-
siles in lobulos oblongos pauce ac obtusiuscule dentatos, 10—15 mm
longos et 5—10 mm [atos incisi; folia caulina pauca, radicalibus simitia,
sed minora, folia suprema ad vaginas ob!ongas reducta. Umbellae 6—8-
radiatae, in diametro 6—9 cm, radiis ¢laberrimis, involucrum et involucellum
nulla, umbellulae 15—20-florae, in diametro 1 cm; petala ad 1 mm longa,
ovata; fructus 6—7 mm longi ac 4 mm lati.
Typus. Asia minor. Tadzhikistania australis, ditio Duschty-dzum,
montes Farkan, trajectus Siun, in rupestribus ad pag. Parvar, alt. 1650—
1850 m, fl. 24 VI 1935. J. Linczevsky; in Herb. Inst. bot. nom. V. Koma-
rovii Ac. Sc. URSS. conservatur.
21. PILOPLEURA Schischk. gen. novum.
Calycis dentes lanceolati, acuti; petala albida, subrotunda, extus
pubescentia; fructus ovati, a dorso compressi, hirsuti, juga dorsalia meri-
60116 7 AST
359carpiorum prominentia, lateralia margine dilatato contigua. Vittae in val-
leculis solitariae, comissura plana bivittata. Planta perennis foliis subbipin-
natis brevissime hirsutiusculis, involucris involuceliisque polyphyllis.
Toto habitu admonet Libanotidem L., sed fructibus a dorso com-
pressis, margine dilatato complanato cinctis differt, a Peucedano L. fruc-
tibus pilosis et jugis dorsalibus prominentibus dignoscitur.
Specie unica in montibus Tjan-schanj occidentalis endemica: P. Koso-
Poljanskii Schischk. nom. nov. [=Peucedanum dasycarpum Rgl. et
Schmalh. (1877), non Torr. et Gray (1840).]
22. SAPOSHNIKOVIA Schischk. gen. nov.
Flores hermaphroditi; dentes calycini breviter triangulares; petala
alba, glaberrima, late-ovalia, apice obtusa integra; ovarium plicis albi-
dis transversis dense obtectum, demum gradatim obliteratis, fructus ovati
a dorso vix compressi, mericarpia jugis prominulis acutis univittatis, valle-
culae latae univittatae, comissura bivittata; endospermium facie commissu-
rali planum; stylopodium conicum, styli ab initio recti, demum reclinati
stylopodio aequales. Herbae perennes, caulibus a basi ramosissimis ramis
divaricatis foliis bi-vel tripinnatis.
Genus novum affine ut videtur Laseri Borkh., sed fructibus imma-
turis plicis albidis transversis dense tectis et jugis primariis vittiferis sat
differt.
Genus monotypicum Sibiriae orientali, Orienti Extremi, Mongoliae,
Manshuriae et Koreae proprium.
Species unica: Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.
N
Nn
oo
INDE set ACRE tA BE ir iG Urs
nominum specierum atque synonimorum plantarum
in tomo XVII Florae URSS commemoratarum
Pag. ** Pag.
Acanthopleura C. Koch. ....... 278 Angelica graveolens Steud. ..... - 209
Agasyllis Spreng. ----.----.-.- 33 BS intermedia Schult... ... . 29
‘e caucasica Spreng. ...- .- - 34 " jaluana Nakesi8.) get come 20
s latifolia (M. B.) Boiss. . 34, 37 es Kawakamii Koidz. .... . 18
" gail SanuS\ oreh ies 19'S 0) ah LB 46 a koreana Maxim....... . 22
Alangium aequalifolium (Goepp.) Krysht. 316 ” laevigata Benth. et Hook... 26
Albidae (Wanger.) Pojark., sect... . 344 aS Ke Fisch! oe bate 192
Amblycaryum (Koehne) Pojark., sect. . 333 is Ba Eranchets es oe 26
Anatriches Korov., sect. ..--.-.- - 100 A Levisticum All. 4]
Anethum L. 208 es litoralismiiries!. on eee 30
5 arvense Salisb. 209 “ macrophylla Schur ...- .- . 13
i cymbocarpum DC. 58 : maculata Turcz. - . 33
2 erythraeum DC. 58 “e NU OTANI by eee eee 29
of graveolens L.. . 209 * Maximowiczii (Fr. Schmidt)
nS involucratum Korov. 210 Benth. 22
+5 Pastinaca Wibel 217 is montana $. angustifolia Ldb. - 19
en Sowa Roxb. 209 as officinalis Moench. . . . - . 929
Angelica L. 11 s pachyptera Lallem. 14
Angelica subgen. Ostericum Maxim. . 10 a paludapifolia Lam. ... . . 4l
> sect. Archangelica Rgl. 28 + palustris Bess. 5 10
43 sect. Ostericum Maxim. 10 by pratensis J. et C. Peer 31
a albiflora Benth. . . 10 3 s M. B. 10
Hs amurensis Schischk. . 19, 20, 352 Ay LOGEC Sallis ime ae 29
a anomala Lall. . . 19, 20 ¢ purpurascens Gilli. . . Samat}
af anomala auct. 19 # refracta Fr. Schmidt. Spl
+ aquilegifolia Lam. . 167 sachalinensis Maxim... . . . 18
se Archangelica L. 29 . Sativa? Mullicen oe Aen ade 29
ie - ssp. litoralis 4 saxatilis Turez. . - .- 33
Thell. - 30 “a silvestris Boiss. 14
se brevicaulis (Rupr.) B. Fedtsch.. 25 ES silvestris, 2.2) Sh aus Cae 13
7 chaerophyllea Lottermoser . 2 o> " ssp. pachyptera
* Czernaevia (Fisch. et Mey. Nyman eel
Keibaganwae sss: 26 ie FH var. e/atior Grossh.. 14
x dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. et Ps os x. vulgaris Lallem.. 13
Hook. .- F : 93 = soongorica Rgl. et Schmalh. 25
* decursiva (Miq.) path. et - Stratoniana Aitch. et Hemsl. 25
Saves es - 27 « sylvestris B. angustifolia
# dura C. Koch . 38 Purezs Aer e cee 19
% flaccida Kom. . aes MDG ms NatianaesBordz een 40
Ne genuflexa Hult. . 6 15, US s ternata Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 25
< glabra Makino 73} B as var. cordifolia Rgl. et
ef Gmelini Wormsk. . 33 Schmalhe ae. eae 25
* (This appendix has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. )
* (Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.)
259
Pag.
BS tornata Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 25
a ursina (Rupr.) Rgl. et
Schmalh.. .... . 9A
_ wilfosan laws weer 13
m= viridiflora (Turez.) Benth... 21
Angelocarpa Rupr. --+-++-:+-+:- 11, 25
Angelocarpa (Rupr.) Schischk., sect. 25
7 brevicaulis Rupr... - - - 25
Angelophyllum Rupr.- ------ - 11, 24
Angelophyllum (Rupr.) Drude, sect... 24
% ursinum Rupr.-. - - - - 24
Anisopleura Maxim., sect. .--.-.- - 18
Anisotaenia Boiss., sect. ....-.-.- - 154
Apiifolia Manden., sect. -.-.-.-.-- - 256
Archangelica Hoffm........-.- - 28
" Archangelica Karsten. . 29
5 brevicaulis Rchb.-. . - 25
a decurrens Ldb.. . . . 30, 31
» > var. tschimga-
nica Korov. 32
” » a. genuina Rgl.
et Herder . 30
~ 8. alpina Her-
der. idesek 4.25
rr GmeliniiDC......- - 33
is Komarovii Schischk. . 31, 354
3 latifolia K.-Pol. 34
“ litoralis (Fries) Agardh. 30
» norwegica Rupr. - - - - 30
7 officinalis (Moench)
Hoffm.. . . 28, 30
» 5 (var.) littoralis
Mlefs.... 30
“ % i. decurrens
Lallem. . . 30
” cs f. nomocarpa
Ke-Pol.. - 29
” 7 f. microcarpa
K.-Pol.. .- 29
= sativa Bess. -... - ; 28
» songarica Lipsky . 25
. tschimganica (Korov.)
Schischk. 32
inctocrania Nakai: we. oie 2. amy te 324
» canadensis Nakai... . - 327
= SueciconNalkall is: iulsmcmi ae 325
Athamanta cervaria L.........- 189
” decussata Giliby ae 189
x divaricata Gilib. 188
” Hatufolia Nips -u- meee Y 189
Oreoselinum L. ..... - 188
a pisana SCAT ee CaRGeebar me 201
260
Pag.
Athamanta silvestris Web. ..... . 13
> tenuifolia Pall. ...... 184
Aucuba Thbe. . 20.0029) 7 2 2 ee 347)
” japonica Thbg.. ....... 347)
Barysoma: Bgews. - 4. in) eee 247
Benthamia Lindl... ......... 321)
Benthamia (Lindl.) Nakai, sect... . . 321)
” capitata Nakai. ...... 321!
“ florida Nakai -.- = 2 see 320)
” fragifera Lindl... ..... 321
Benthamidia Spach. ......... 320 |
Benthamidia (Spach) Pojark., sect. . . 320
- capitata Hara ...... 321
” florida Spach ...... 320)
Berrya apoda Pojark.- - - + + +--+ +s - 315
Bothrocaryum (Koehne) Pojark. a
A alternifolium (L. f.)
Pojark. . . 330
EA controversum (Hemsl.) q
Pojark. 330, 3
: longipetiolatum (Hayata)
Pojark. . 330°
Bunium apiculatum Drude ..... . 204
” platycarpum Wolff ..... . 208
% Severtzovii Drude .....- - 214
Cachrys decursiva Hornem.. ... . - . 34
” latifolia, Ma )B: 5 =). eee 34
+ sibirica Steph. .-...-.-.- - 50
Calestania K.-Pol. |..4:\ > 7a ee 201
& palustris K.-Pol.. .... - 201
Callisace Fisch... - - 2) -.5ane ee 11, 23)
Callisace (Fisch.) Drude, sect. . . - - 23,
% cantabrigiensis Hoffm. . 201
- dahurica Fisch... --.-- - 23
= ternata K.-Pol.. ---- - - 25°
Caroselinum Calest., sect. .--.-- - 194
» Grisebs: .. ss. 2 eee 194
Carota Rupr. = - = 3). 4.5) =e ee 288
» sativa Rupr. =>: 0) cee 291
» sylvestris Rupr. - 9.) eo eee 289 ©
Carum apiculatum Kar. et Kir... - - a
» chaerophylloides Rgl. et q
Sehmalh.. + 40, «bes bees 207
» platycarpum Lipsky- --.-.- - 208
» wsevertzovil Rel. . -2-. a= ge 214
» Tamerlani Lipsky. ----+-: - 207
Caucalis carnosa Roth ..--+-+-: - 289
‘ carota Huds. .--.--:+=: > 289
es Daucus Crantz .--.---:- 289
Ceratophylla Korov., rpynna --.- - -
Pag.
Cervaria Gaertn... -.-+--+--- 162, 188
- glauca Gaud...---.--- 189
Pa latifolia Andrz.....-.--- 192
. Oreoselinum Gaud. ...-.- - 188
* rigida Moench .----- - 189
= Rivini Gaertn. -..----- 189
Chamaepericlymenum Graebn. -. - - - 324
- canadense (L.)
Graebn. . - 327, 329
canadense X Ch.
suecicum . 329
~ suecicum (L.)
Graebn. . 325
» unalaschkense
(Ldb.) Rydb. 328, 329
Chymsydia Alb... --------:- 37
mn agasylloides Alb.. - - - - 37
es ss var. colchica
VAN ee eee et area te 34
= colchica G. Woron. 34
Clematideae Korov., rpynma ---- - 130
of Tay a ie ee 32
Coeloplearum Ldb.
Coelopleurum subgen. Eucoelopleurum
Drude 32
Coelopleurum subgen. Physolophium
Drude 32
> brevicaule Drude. - - - 25
oF Gmelinii (DC.) Ldb. . - 33
_ saxatile Drude. . - - - 33
Condylocarpus Hoffm. -.------ 2716
Conioselinum Fisch. .-------- 1
5 alaicum Lipsky - - - - 2)
” altaicum Rupr.- - - - - 2
As boreale Schischk. -. . 6, 351
S cenolophioides Turcz.- - 5
ie chinense (L.) B. S. P. - 4
Me Fischeri Wimm. et Grab. - 2
i Gmelini Steud. . . a2 4
” ingricum Fisch... - - - - 2
a kamtschaticum Rupr. . - 4
a latifolium Rupr. 3
$s longifolium Turcz. 5
% neglectum Fisch.- - - - 2
” papyraceum auct. 4
“. pinnatifolium (Korov.)
Schischk. . 9
= schugnanicum B. Fedtsch. 4
0 tataricum Fisch. . . - - 2
e univittatum Turcz. . - - 2
Ps vaginatum (Spreng.) Thell. 2
3 Victoris Schischk. . . 6, 351
Cormaceae Link ......... 315
261
Pag.
Cornella Rydb.. 62). 53 2 aie 324
% canadensis Rydb. ...-.-.- - 397
” suecica Rydb.. ....-.-.- 325
es unalaschkensis Rydb. 328
Cornus gles) nse ee EA aes 317
Cornus L. p. p.-----+-:- 319, 324, 331
» subgen. Mesomera Raf. ae Noe,
wy
”
i Thelycrania sect. Am-
blycaryum Wanger.
» Thelycrania sect. Ambly-
caryum subsect. Albidae Wanger.
subgen. Thelycrania sect. Ambly-
caryum subsect. Corynostylae Wan-
»”
ger.
subgen. Thelycrania sect. Ambly-
caryum subsect. Nigrae Wanger.
”
» sect. Bothrocaryum Wan-
sect. Amblycaryum Nakai. .
» Benthamia Harms . .- - .-
» Benthamidia Harms
» Macrocarpium Spach. .- .-
» Mesomera Nakai... .- -
» Microcarpium subsect. Am-
blycaryum Koehne . 331,
» Microcarpium subsect. Both-
rocaryum Koehne .
sect. Tanycrania Endl. . - - -
» Thelycrania 1. Alternifolia
§ 1. Cornotypus Dumort. - - -
§ 2. Thelycrania Dumort. .
» ssp. tatarica Wanger.
» var. rutokensis Miyabe et
Miyake .
» » sidirica Lodd.
BS ciete Lae ye kareena eee
australis C.A.M.....- - 337,
=. var. Araratiani Takht. -
» » Koenigii Wanger. -
biramis Stokes ..-+-+-+-:--
borealis Krasch.. - ----- -
brachypoda C. Koch . .- - - -
: Go SAn ME wate renee
canadensis Cham. et Schlecht. -
» Lx pouhehioe: aay eat
ia var. intermediaFarr. -
» x suecica Hult.. -
capitata Wall -\-)-2 - =;
chinensis Wanger. -----: -
citrifolia Wahlb. .----- -
Cornus controversa Hemsl.
» corynostylis Koehne
» darvasica Pojark........
» erytrocarpa St.-Lag...... .
So flava’ Steud..¥ 5. s -. ail ante Meee
eet florida: Wh ss we 4s Ve athcene Dues:
” grandiflora Chachl. - - - ---.- -
» herbacea Steller .......
” 9 b. canadensis Pall. .
» ef. hyperborea Heer - - + + += = +
me RrbericavG. Worenk etsy. cs.
» ignorata Shirasawa ......
» japonica (DC.) Nakai. ... .
semunoentone Go Ke. SCHMW.y.-. + he:
Pulainpolia Braye *. VRBN og
» macrophylla Forb. et Hemsl. .
» " Koehne .....
” ” Wall sh es
Sul brash LAS REV ele ac LTTE Ge yl se
» f. albocarpa C. K. Schn. .
+ » » argenteo-marginata. . .
» Rares Au anaih. OWES: 5. ates
AS » 9 aureo-elegantissima
Schelley errs Sie. re
” eh crispal Dippy «59.
a ote flava “Vesteur ae wn.
as » » lanceolata Kirchn. . . .
” » » lutescens Wang. . .
2 » » Macrocarpa Dipp.
5) » » Microcarpa Sanadze . .
a » 9» Nana Simon-Louis . . .
7 » » pyramidalis Dipp.
7 » » Pyriformis Sanadze. . .
pa » » typica Sanadze
Pa » » Xanthocarpa Bean
” mas L.
ie Masculav lore eh RO ee Oe
e Mevert Pojarke 6. hue et os. a
” mugodscharica Krysht. - - --.- -
mr NelsonisROSe te) 6 Wh ii 2 ts
» nudiflora Dumort...... .
Hie othicinalis) SuvekeLeiene. oe -
” OrbiteravHleer® whe. hte mete te ee cis: aathe
” Pojarkovae Mtschedl. - - ---.- -
> \spraecox: Stokes : °° W202 9. 02 ies.
«= purpurea ‘Vausch 2900) x ..
” rhamnifolia Weber
» rutokensis Miyabe et Miyake. .
” sanguinea LL. - - - - - + - - =.
wt sanguinea Int)... e RM a.
% r Marshiit sae oc. s
C.A.M. p.p
. . . - 330, 334 Cornus
Pag. Pagh
sanguinea Pall... .... . 337, 344,
333 ” = var. australis O. et ;
343 B. Fedtsch. 342
317 7 var. australis Koehne. 337
318 » sessilis Torr.) ). ° ¢-, 202) 2) gee 317
320 » |, Sibtrica, Loddi*\..) 2) -02) 9. ae 325!
334 » Sukaczewii Pan. - - - - - - + + + 316\
336 » tatarica Mill.) 242) eee 344)!
333 ‘ . var. sibirica Koehne 344)
330 » unalaschkensis Ldb.... . - - 328)
334 *. “ivernalis Salisb. < 40-8 eee 317)
S17?” Cornus ap. «okies, @ oe 316)
319 Cymbocarpum DC.......-.-.-.- 57
319 anethoides DC. tacit, Sa
319 anethoides C.A.M..-.- 58:
erythraeum(DC.) Boiss.. 58)
319 > Wiedemannii Boiss... . 59)
319 Cymoxylon Raf. ...-.--+-+.--- 319;
319 $8 canadensis J. H. Shaffn.. . 327)
318 a capitata (Wall.) Nakai. . . 321)
319 Ps florida (L.) Raf... .. - - 320 }
318 “6 » £. pendula Dipp.. - 320)
318 Af Nuttallii (Audub.) Shaf. . . 321
319 Czernaevia Turcz. ---.-.+..-. - 11, 26)
319 x (Turez.) Schischk.. . .. - 26)
318 laevigata Turcz. .--- - 26 )
318
319 Dauceae Drude, xoneno ...... - 285 )
316 Daucopsis Thell., sect... ----- - 283 |
317° ‘Daucus’ LY 200.9. | a eee 288 |
342 x subgen. «. Daucus Rchb. . - - 288)
316 2 agrestis Rafin........- - 289 |
346 BR Allion? Link) 2054, “i. ee 289 |
317 % australis Kotov . .... - 289, 290 |
317 + bactrianus Bge.. - -..- - - 289, 290
316 ee carota ) 1b). 805.58. 5 eee 288
316 i carota L. (6. éttx2) = » -» 71
conocaula Korov. ......- - 83
dissectasl-dbegmeyr = ncn ei 113
diversivittata Rg]. et Schmalh.- 83
dshaudshamyr Korov. ...- - - 141
dshizakensis Korov. ...-.- - - 111
Dubjanskur Morovia 2 7 3) = 141
Ehrenbergi Woltt,:, 2 5). - 136
equisetacea K.-Pol. ..... - 100
equisetifolia K.-Pol.. .... - 100
eremophila Korov. .....- - 127
erubescens Boiss. ..-..-.-- - 90
Fedtschenkoana K.-Pol. . -. . - 101
ferganensis Lipsky. . . .- - - 113
ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov.. . 139
Ferulago Schmalh. ..... - 151
foetida RalO ng fee) BHLeae 73
foetidissima Rgl. et Schmalh. . 87
foliosay Lipsky Wi" 20a) ewe 94
galbanifera Mill, ....... 151
galbaniflua Aitsch...... . 90
x Bosse. 82%, ee: 90
gigantea B. Fedtsch. .... . 84
gigas, K.-Polk Laas. oa 83, 84
glaberrima Korov. ...... 15
Gracilis id bee wane ith. e eee ee 137
graveolens Spreng. ....-.- - 209
Grigorjevii B. Fedtsch. 102
Gumosayboisse- ee 90
g@ypsaceal Norove 2). . cue. 124
nivensisukrasnelc i ae een ee 84
inflata Morovia ee 85
involucrata Korov. ..... . 123
Jaeschkeana Vatke ...... 86
karakalensis Korov. ..... . 82
karatavica Rgl. et Schmalh. . . 125
karataviensis (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Kor onesies suse s couse fe 137
karategina Lipsky ....... 105
WarelimijlBgen ura. ota a 148
Kaschkarovii Korov. .... . 132
Kelifititorovie. |) cape) eats aenes, fos 714
Kellerw Re =Polite 0 2 ay <2, 95
kokanica Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 93
kopetdagensis Korov. . .. . . 115
Korovinii Bavlaiaren ci) sen 137
Korshinskyi Korov. ..... . 131
Koso-Poljanskyi Korov. 100
KrjukoulinKorove, oo ln 87
Kevlovily Wonovigy - cies oy 91
kuhistanica Korov. ..... . 87
264
Ferula Jaeta Woron. .........
lapidosa Korov.. ...... .
latifolia Korov.........
latiloba Korov.
Lehmannii Boiss.
leiophylla (K.-Pol.) Korov.
leucographa Korov. .... . -
ligulata Korov.
Linczevskii Korov.. .... - -
Lipskyi Korov.
Litwinowiana K.-Pol.
longifolia Fisch.
” Spreng. . =: 4 teem
marattophylla Walp.
mesophytica Korov. ....- .- -
Meyeri Bees; 5.4: -h Sue
microcarpa Korov.. ..-...- -
microloba Boiss... .... . -
Pe var. leiophylla K.-Pol.
Minkwitzae Korov.
mogoltavica Lipsky
mollis Korov.. --)- 4 eee
moschata (Reinsch) K.-Pol.
Nevskii Korov.
nodiflora L.
” M. Boo: a0 eee ig
nuda Spreng. -... - hi Meee 108.
Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh.. . . 92, 132°
oopoda Aitch.. |. |... ee 126
oopoda (Boiss. et Buhse) Boiss. - 127
orientalis Eichw. ....-..- - 141
orientalis Ls”). 0. “.) ee eee 116
ovina Boiss. * 2 6. see 110
pachycarpa Korov. ..... . 111
pachyphylla Korov. ..... . 104
Pallasit 1K.-Pol.-. - pee 142
pallida Koroy:, 39a 114
paniculata ULdb-)-3) = eee 139
paucijugas DC. |.) ee 49°
penninervis Rgl. et Schmalh. 132,
persica Boe. = 3. 2 -) 3) ee 71
persica Willd... .. 22g eee 76
peucedanifolia Kar. et Kir. 148
y Keyl... renee 142,
» Willd. . . . 142, 142%
plurivittata Korov. ......- 15
polyantha Korov......-.- - 202
Potaninii Korov. ....-.-.- - 108
prangifolia Korov.. .....- - 103
primaeva Korov. ......-- 716
pseudooreoselinum /Rgl. et
Schmalh.) K.-Po!. 121
Ferula puberula Boiss. et Buhse 76
es Mrautva ie: wise es ve a 92
pumila Palleiiieig. ceeds 2 (5. 108
» rediviva Schischk. ...... 46
» resinosa Sievers. ....... 139
Pe rigAGula, Day) Pilar Syste ste vor fe 109
. He var. caucasica Fisch. et
Mey.- - 109
S Ps 8. songarica Schrenk. 113
» Yubroarenosa Korov. .... . 112
» ruthenica Spreng........ 173
pe SRe SCE.) 227 (15) %ey fa toy ay fo vee 46
» samarkandica Korov. .... . 95
aS ASSYUTHNGePOlly he. 2) he he 125
» schair Borszez. ........ 126
» Schtschurowskiana Rgl. et
Schmalh.. . 138
» schugnanica B. Fedtsch.. ... 93
» Scorodosma Bentleyet Trim... 73
» | seseloides C.A.M. ..< .. . 199
muselifoliaiGn Wochit: «oi. 4. 1. 4s 153
emsiOIrica Schangeje, fj). 2 6. 136
» Bs Willd. . . . . 136, 142, 143
$4) DStLWALICA, BOSSeices enki os +e 154
wappormienisii Wolff. 21: .). 2... 83
» Songoricay Pall.) 25) 0 ads 5 46. 136
wummsoongorica\Palls).. .))2).. <4. 139
» Stewartiana var. affghanica
O. E. Schultz 110
mstylosa (Noroveiys, cls. ys 0% sel = 111
» suaveolens Aitch. et Hemsl. . . 83
subtilis Korov. ........ 96
aesulcata iDesfia 005! bck ooh ee es 151
ML We SETOULMELO OK ich xstheh Os vs be sa 08 121
PSU LUALICASZON. Vonjqcistes «s+ = 153
» syreitschikovii K.-Pol. 92
sl pe SzZOMitsiana DG oii ei... eve 81
pe tataricagbisch. ici ue sce ss 130
» tenuisecta Korov........ 114
» teterrima Kar. et Kir. ~ 91
» tersakensis Korov. ...... 76
» transitoria Korov........ 135
» tschimganica Lipsky..... . 104
» tuberifera Korov........ 94
o ugamica Koroves © iii). «9... 124
VIC ANIA INOROVAMEE oodiea palace ie vs 138
» xeromorpha Korov. ...... 119
Ferulago Koch. ........... 149
“a galbanifera Boiss. .... . 151
» » 8. brachyloba
Boisssyios sae 152
” 6 Kroc iiss gin civeuns 151
265
Pag.
Ferulago campestris Bess... .... . 151
nt campestris (Bess.) Grecescu . 150
os daghestanica Schischk. 151
Me latiloba Schischk....... 152
nodiflora (L.) Koch. ... . 151
os var. brachyloba
Thell. 152
oo oxyptera Boiss. -...... 153
% setifolia C. Koch. ..... 153
e silvatica (Bess.) Rchb. 154
Fs sulcata Ldb. ........ 151
Ne taurica Schischk. 5 6 EY TIS
7 thyrsiflora (Sibth. et Sm.)
Kochi iie kent 154
« tureomanica Schischk.. . .. 154
Feruloidea Schischk., sect.. . . . 149, 355
Foeniculum salsum Calest. ..... . 46
Galbanum’ Don; 6u65 5.0 Us ei oe 278
Gingidium) Horst.) ee 11
Glaucoselinum Schischk., sect. . 356
Glehnia Fr. Schmidt ......... 42
ue litoralis Fr. Schmidt... . . 42
Gomphopetalum Turcz. .---.-. - 11, 21
Gomphopetalum (Turcz.) Schischk., sect. 21
fs albiflorum Turcz. 10
Maximowiczii Fr.
Schmidt. 22
a viridiflorum Turez.. . 21
Hasselquistia L. . ----+-+-+-+- 276
Heracleum L. ..........-.. 223
a sect. Wendtia DC. .... 251
" abchasicum Leskov . . 232, 235
= absinthifolium Vent. - 267
A aconitifolium G. Woron. . 233
% Albovii Manden. ..... 255
= alpinum Baumg. -.-... .- 234
m antasiaticum Manden.. . . 249
ES apiifolium Boiss. .... . 256
au arcticum Rupr. .-...- - 231
* asperum M.B. ...... 237
= barbatum Ldb. ..... . 238
brevivittatum Ldb. ae PASI
brignoliaefolium Franchet . 258
im calcareum N. Alb. 240
= carpaticum Porcius 234
a caspicum DC........ 259
* Clausii Ldb. .... . 259, 263
‘ chorodanum DC. ..... 253
” chorodanum (Hoffm.) DC. . 252
g os var. simplica-
tum E. Bordz. 252
Heracleum colchicum Lipsky
”
cuneiforme DC.......
eyclocarpum C. Koch .. .
” var. glabrescens
Boiss... .
ponticum
Lipsky
” var.
daralaghezicum Takht.
dissectum Ldb. ..... .
ry a. typicum Kryl. .
> 8. barbatum Kryl.
dulce Fisch.
flavescens Bess... -.-+.--
Freynianum Somm. et Lev. .
grandiflorum Stev.
graveolens Spreng.
Grossheimii Manden.
incanum Radde
» var. lazicum Boiss. .
intermedium Ldb. ... . -
jugatum Boiss.
Lehmannianum Bge. . . . .«
Leskovii A. Grossh.. . . .
ligusticifolium Akinf. . . .
ligusticifolium M.B.... .
longifolium M.B. . . . 250,
Mantegazzianum Somm. et
Weve by te
mingrelicum Lesk. :
Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. . .
osseticum Manden.. ... .
pachyrhizum S.
palmatifidum Fisch. et Lal-
lem. 3
palmatum Akinf.
is var. palmatisec-
tum Akinf. .
palmatum Baumg..... .
panaces Ldb... 7. » = % =
pastinacaefolium C. Koch .
” var. bra-
chyactisE.
Bordz.. .
5 var. disse-
ctum E.
Bordz.. .
stenophyl-
lum E.
Bordz.. .
5 var.
pastinacifolium C. Koch. .
253
251
Heracleum pimpinellifolium Rupr.
Hipposelinum Britt. et Rose
33 3 3
<= 3: 3 38 8
3 3 3 3 8
” Sprehg. 2
Pollinianum Bertol.... .
i Grossh.
” Nyman... .
ponticum (Lipsky) Schischk.
» var. mingrelicum
Schischk.
pubescens M.B.......
= var. glabratum
Somm. et Lev.
” » trachyloma
Boiss. ...
7 » Wilhelmsii
Albo! "2 Se
+ » Wilhelmsii
Boiss.
” aucts oer te esaeeee
roseum Stev........
» var. schistosum Man-
dent) eee
scabrum Alb. .......-
Schelkovnikovii Woron. . .
sibiricum L. .......
3 var. angustifolium
C. Koch
sisianense Boiss. et Buhse .
Sommieri Manden.
Sosnowskyi Maneden. .
sphondylium L.
"7 var. Caucasicum
S. eth %
elegans
Akinf. . .
Stevenii Manden. ex Grossh.
” ”
Tordylium Spreng. ate
trachyloma Fisch. et Mey. -
transcaucasicum Manden.. .
» var. arme-
num Man-
den.
transiliense (Rgl. et Herd.)
O. et B. Fedtsch.
umbonatum Boiss... . - «
villosum Fisch. . .... -
fs auct 2. ee name 248,
Wilhelmsii Fisch. et Lallem.
Levisticum Britt... . .-
Imperatoria’ Li. se ie eee 168,
266
> 253
258
237
247
249
244
40
41
Pag.
Imperatoria Drude, subgen. .... . 193
# (L.) Koch, sect. ..... 193
= caucasica Spreng. ... . 187
fe dahurica D. Dietr.. ... 182
es decursiva C.A.M..... 38
~ laevigata Boiss. .... . 192
4 Ostruthium L. ..... .- 193
~ palustris Bess. ...... 10
es subguadrata K.-Pol. ... 194
“ trilobata Gilib,. ..... 193
Pohrenbaw De oo fe ey aye do es) e yelils 46
Candollei Boiss... ..... 49
o longifolia Calest.. .....- 145
= Meyeri Boiss........- 199
5 nudiuscula Palib. ..... . 50
" paucijuga (DC.) Bornm.. .. 49
~ persica Boiss... -.... - 49
eS platypoda Aitsch. et Hems!.. 212
A seseloides K.-Pol. .... - 54
z villosa Benth, ......-. 51
Jorenioidea Schischk., sect... . . 198, 356
Juncea Boiss., sect. .-.-.--+-- 177
Komarovia Korov....-....... 149
anisopterum Korov.. . . . 149
Kerovinia Nevskiet Vved....... 211
2 ferganensis Korov. ... - 213
Microcarpa Korov. . . 213
tenuisecta (Rgl. et Schmalh,)
Nevski et Vved.. 212
Ladyginia Lipsky .......... 143
. bucharica Lipsky. .... . 144
Maser Borkhs spsycyie ss, es se 166
» aguilegifolium Roehl. ..... 167
» carniolicum Bernh....... .» 167
» divaricatum Thell........ 54
» trilobum (L.) Borkh....... 167
Laserpitieae Drude, xoaeno. . .... 278
Laserpitium L. ........... 279
9 entire "lol eae eee en Sirs 282
s alpinum Waldst. et Kit. . 282
7 yasperrimum“ Schur. . . 281
+9 asperum Crantz.... . 281
5 Athamantae Spreng... . . 285
= cervaria Gmel. .... « 281
” Commune Mill. .... - 281
3 crispum Turra..... - 281
a dauciforme Schmalh. . . 284
5 daucoides Duf. .... .- 285
” glabrum Crantz.... . 281
267
Pag.
Laserpitium gracile Schur ...... 281
_ hirsutum Gilib. . ... . 285
» hispidum M.B. ..... 283
yi latifolium L. ...... 281
, leucolaenum Boiss. et Bal. 282
os Libanotis Lam. .... . 281
» paludapifolium Mill. . 189, 281
» pilosum Willd. ..... 283
” a. hispidum Hoeft . . 283
> platyspermum Somm. et
Lev... . 284
5 podolicum Rehmann . . . 281
” prutenicum L.. .... - 285
” pseudo-siler Schur... .- 281
” pubescens Lag. .-.-. - 281
5 selinoides Crantz .... 285
5 Stevenii Fisch. et Trautv.. 284
i trilobum L....... > 167
” Wincleri Herbich . ...- 281
Levisticum Hill. .........-.- 40
» caucasicum Lipsky .. .- . 187
= Levisticum Karst. ....- - 41
5 officinale Koch ..... .» 41
paludapifolium Aschers.. . 41
Libanotis cachroides DC. ......- 50
i nudiuscula Turcz. ...-.-. - 50
5 tenuifolia DC. .....-.--. 185
rm villosa-Turez.- - - +++: 51
Ligusticum Angelica Stokes ...--- 29
Cervaria Vill... ..... 189
Fischeri D. Dietr.. ...- - 2
Gmelini Cham. et Schlecht. . 4
a Levisticum L.. ..... - 4]
5 longifolium Willd. ... + 175
vaginatum Spreng. .--- 2
bebeletas Korov., rpynma ....--. - 135
Lomatium Raf. eos 6. see tee 3) eens 168
Lophosciadium setifolium C. Koch . . 153
Macrocarpium Nakai ....---+---> 317
os masmNakaiiemeercn ea nene 317
Macrorrhiza Korov., sect. ----- - 121
Macroselinum Schur .....-.- - 168, 191
3 (Schur) Schischk., sect.. 191
Malabaila Hoffm. .........-. 261
BS aurantiaca Alb. ..... - 219
fe bucharica B. Fedtsch. . . . 271
3 chrysantha Alb. ...-.-.- - 219
dasyantha (C. Koch) Grossh. 263
dasycarpa (Rgl. et Schmalh.)
Schischk. . - - - 262
graveolens (M.B.) Hoffm. . 259 263
Pag. Pag.
Malabaila pimpinellifolia Hoffm. . . - 218 Ossea instolonea Nieuwl. et Lunell . . 346
Es ms 8. dasyantha Ostericum Hoffm. .......... 10
Boiss. . . 263 ~ albiflorum Kitag. .... . 10
sa suleata (C. Koch) Boiss. . . 261 = koreanum Kitag.. ..... 22
Mastixia sp. - © - - © oe ee tt tes 315 ” Maximomiczii Kitag.. . . . 22
Membranacea Boiss., sect. ...-.-.- - 200 ” palustre Bess. ....... 10
Mervia B. Feditsch.. .....-.-.- 62, 74 Pe pratense Hoffm. ...... 10
Mervia (B. Fedtsch.) Korov., subgen.. 74 e viridiflorum Kitag. .... 21
Mesangelica Rgl. et Schmalh., sect... 24 Ostrutium Link. ........... 168
Mesomora canadensis Nieuwl. . . . . . 327 Ovinae Korov., rpynma........ 110
Meum nudicaule Trev. ..-....-. 46
Mogoltavia Korov..-.-.....-.- 214 Pachycarpae Korov. rpynna..... . 83
of Severzovii (Rgi.) Korov. . 214 Palaeonarthex Korov., sect. .... . 83
Palimbia Bess. ........... 43
iNarthex *Fales3tro oe ee ee 62, 82" “Palimbia DC. .) "2. Pee 168
3 (Falc.) Drude, subgen.. . . . 82 ” Chabraei §. podolica DC.. . 195
Neonarthex Korov., sect... .... .- 90 ” chrysantha C. Koch... . . 196
Nyssa arctica Heer - - +--+ +++: 315 ” rediviva (Pall.) Thell. . .. 43
Me rostratasPojarke ys fee se ees 315 = salsa’ Bess; fa": 2) a ee 43
» cfr. rostrata Pojark. - +--+ +--+ +s - 315 ” turgaica Lipsky. ...... 43
Pe Vertumal Unger tie eee ek oes 315 Palimbioidea Boiss., sect. ...... 194
FPL: NO inca! OOO Raabe pe en ea gis. Pastinaca L. 20040. eh eee 215
Nyssiacese Endl ee 315 Pastinaca sect. Tordylium Calest. . . 276
Nyssidium Ekmani Heers - - +--+ +--+: - 315 = sect. III Heracleum Calest.. 223
» geminatum Schmalhe - - - ~~~ - 315 S sect. V Zosimia Calest. . . 266
SemrepicatumtSchmalh: te se. tf ts 315 > absinthifolia Calest. . . . . 268
= Anethum Spreng. .... . 209
Gedibasis K-Pol. eee 203 = armena Fisch. et Mey. . . . 218
a apiculata (Kar. et Kir.) K.- F5 aurantiaca (Alb.) Kolak.. . 219
Polen eee ee 204 bs chrysantha K.-Pol.. ... . 219
. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et ” dasyantha C. Koch... . . 263
Schm.) Ko- me dasycarpa Rgl. et Schmalh.. 262
TOV.) se = 207 = dissecta K.-Pol. ..... - 238
= karatavica Korov. . . . 207, 355 * graveolens Bernh. .... . 209
” platycarpa (Lipsky) K.-Pol.. 208 ” . M; Bs: 4). ON ane 263
Opopanax C. Koch ......... 165 x insularis Rouy et Camus . . 217
> armeniacum Bordz. . . . . 166 = intermedia Fisch. et Mey.- - 218
= hispidum Grossh. . ... . 166 7 involucrata C. Koch. . . . 222
= persicum Grossh. .... . 166 = latifolia Ldba =o ae 217
Oreoselinum Adans. .......- 168, 188 = ligusticifolia Calest.. . . . 257
Oreoselinum (Adans.) Rchb., sect.. . . 188 » lutea Giliby <3 3-3 eee gene 217
» caucasicum M.B. .. . . 187 = Mazurewskyi Kalen. ... . 237
” dahuricum Bess... . . . 182 » Olgae Rgl. et Schmalh. . 92
5 humile Bess... .... - 185 > opaca var. teretiuscula Ceisia 217
s latifolium M.B. .... . 192 2 palmata Calest. ..-.... 234
” legitimum M.B. . . . 187, 188 D panacifolia Fisch. .... - 217
s nigrum Delarbre.... - 188 . pimpinellifolia M.B. . . . . 218
ss podolicum M.B. .... . 195 43 FA var. alpina
Ormosciadium Boiss.......... 275 MM: Be ewes
= Aucheri Grossh. . . . . 276 % pratensis Mart... ....- - 216
” pulchrum Schischk.. . . 276 & pubescens Calest.. ...-. - 242
OsseaLunellep ie st eee 331 3 sativa’ dbs, 1 nim 216
268
Pastinaca sativa L. ........-. 217
is » var. arvensis Dum.. . 216
ie os » silvestris Kryl. et
Schischk. 216
” ” » typica Kryl. et
Schisch. . 217
» . pubescens Kaufm. . 216
a sibirica Calest.. ...... 231
a silvestris Garsault .... . 216
x Sphondylium Calest. . 236
w sulcata C. Koch ..... . 261
s teretiuscula Boiss. ... .- - 217
> Tordylium Spreng... ... . 277
a umbrosa Stev........ 217
vulgaris Bubani ..... . 217
Destinacopais Goloslsrcihy:.. a tse 273
Pa glacialis Golosk.. . .. 274
Pentataenium Tamamsch.......- . 260
ms daralaghezicum (Takht.)
Tamamsch.. 260
Petroselinum Rchb....... .- 168, 197
> glaucum Rchb.. .-.. - 194
oa sibiricum Rehb. ... .- . 179
Peucedaneae DC., tribus. ...... 1
Peucedanoides Boiss., sect... ..- - 102
Peucadanoides (Boiss.) Korov., subgen. . 102
Peucedanopsis Rouy et Camus, sect. 173
Peucedanum L. ........... 168
- subgen. Eucaroselinum
Rouy et Camus... . 194
A Adae Woron. ...... 199
albostriatum Karjag.. . . 200
album Spreng. .... . 184
& alsaticum Ldb. ... . - 198
2 Anethum Jessen... . . 209
-s Angelica Caruel. ... . 14
a angelicifolium Turcz. 20
arenarium Ldb. .... . 197
Asa-foetida Baill. . ... 73
aureum Spreng. ....- - 136
baicalense (Redow.) c.
Koch. 179
x Besserianum DC. 173
Biebersteinii Schmalh. 263
= borysthenicum Klok. . 197, 354
5 ecaleareum Alb. .... . 174
= canescens Ldb.. . ... - 92
= carvifolia Grossh.. . - . 195
> caspicum Link. .... . 141
” caucasicum (M. B.) C.
Koch 187
* cervaria (L.) Cuss. 189
269
Peucedanum cervariifolium C. A. M.
3 es: 3 $
Chabraei Ldb,
chrysanthum Boiss.
‘s Woron.
coloratum Korov. . . .
Conrathii Freyn
dahuricum Turcz. .. .
dasycarpum Rgl. et
Schmalh.
decursivum Maxim... . .
dissectum Ldb.
dubium Ldb.
elatum V.db-))-4 5s aene
elegans Kom. .... .
eryngiifolium Kom.
Euphimiae Kotov
falearia Turcz.
fallax Woron.
feruloides Steud.
galbanifluum Baill.
gracilesUdbyier iene:
graveolens Clarke ... .
gypsaceum Korov. .-
e 8 @
Cin Oma
ey, eT e% err oe
hissaricum Korov.... .-
humile Turez.. .....-
hystrix Bge.. ... ~~.
Imperatoria Endlich. . . .
intermedium Schmalh. .
involucratum Koch. . .- .
» Korov. .. .
Jaeschkeanum Baill. . -. .
karataviense Rgl. et
Schmalh. . .
laciniatum Heynh.. .
laevigatum Nutt. 5
latifolium (M. B.) Boiss. ‘
latifolium (M. B.) DC.
latifolium Ldb.
Ledebourii G. Don.
ee Steud:, 4.12 ae
Lubimenkoanum Kot.
longifolium Waldst. et Kit.
luxurians Tamamsch. .
macrophyllum Schischk. .
melanotilingia Boissieu. .-
Meyeri Boiss. ..... .
mogoltavicum Korov.
Morisonii Bess. ...-.- -
nudiusculum K.-Pol. .
officinale Ldb.
oopodum Boiss. et Buhse .
oreoselinum (L.) Moench .
176,
Pag. Pag.
Peucedanum oreosel. var. genuinum Peucedanum Sowa Kurz ....... 209
Rouy et Ca- “ subquadratum Calest. . . 194
Musée 188 sl Sumbul Baill. . .... . 121
orientale Boiss. ..... 116 3 sylvesire DEV ia". 0s ane 201
ostruthium (L.) C. Koch. 193 rd Szovitsianum Baill. ... 81
i ovinum Boiss...... - 110 i: talassicum Korov. ... . 177
s paischanense Nakai ... 182 nd tauricum M.B. ..... 174
” Palimbia Baill. ..... 43 % tenuifolium Thunb... . . . 185
x palimbioides Boiss. . .. 196 5 tenuisectum Rgl.et Schmalh. 212
as palustre (L.) Moench .. 201 _ ‘5 ssp. microcar-
“4 paniculatum Ldb. ... . 139 pum Ko-
rd Pastinaca Baill... .. . 217 rov.. .. 213
op =p var. opacum 0 » ssp. typicum
Schmalh. . 216 Korov. . 212
va i a. sativum s terebinthaceum Fisch. . . 189
Schmalh.. 217 % tomentellum Freyn. . . . 196
- paucifolium Ldb. .... 199 *; 3 ssp. P. fallax
fs pauciradiatum Tamamsch.. 200 Freyn. . 196
= persicum Baill... ... - 16 a transiliense Herd. ... . 202
pimpinellifolium Schmalh. . 218 s tureomanicum Schischk. . 177
* podolicum (Bess.) Eichw. . 195 e vaginatum Ldb. .... . 185
“5 polyanthum Korov. .. . 202 Pe = var. glabrum
> polyphyllum Ldb. .. . . 179 Freyn .. 22
= porphyroscias Makino .. 27 & Fe var. pumilum
x ERICH SIMIPS le 2 12. 3. 2 184 Ldb.. . . 185
oF pschavicum Boiss. . . . . 196 33 rs a. glabrum
A pseudoreoselinum Rgl. et Turcz. . 22, 185
Schmalh.. 122 be a 8. puberulum
fe puberulum Turcz. ... - 186 Turcz. . . 186
e pyramidatum Kar. et Kir. . 139 Zedelmeierianum Manden.. 187
» rapiferum Trautv. ... . 204 Phacocarpa Korov., sect... ....- 15
x redivivum Pall. .... . 43. Phellopterus Benth. ........-. 42
= Renardii Rg]. et Schmalh. . 177 e littoralis Benth. .... . 42
z rupestre Boiss. et Bal.. . 116 Phlojodicarpus Turcz. ........- 49
: ruthenicum Kryl. ... . 175 s dahuricus Turcz. . . . 50
” ruthenicum M.B. ... . 173 i microcarpus Ldb.. . . 51
” , var. cretaceum a nudiusculus Turez. - - 60
Schischk. . 173 _ sibiricus (Steph.) K.-
* FA 8. tauricum DC. 174 Pols 2 2es50M5
= salinum? Pallw. 2). 6 3% 184 3 villosus Turez. ... . 51
24 salsugineum Kryl. ... . 184 Hi var. microcarpus (Ldb.)
s salsum Steud....... 43 K.-Pol.s. Seen 54
+ sativum Benth. et Hook.. 217 Physolophium Turez.........- 32
FA DeWairteatnwms cos ue ss 126 % saxatile Turez.. ... . 33
» Schiwereckii Eichw. . . . 201 Phyllites Korov., sect... .....-.- 93
z Schott ‘Bessel... 2 2 2s 194 Pilopleura Schischk........ 293, 358
3 seseloides Turcz.. ... . 199 > Kozo-Poljanskii Schischk. . 293
Severtzovii Korov.. . . . 215 Platycarpae Korov., rpynna. .... - 85
> sibiricumy Willd. «4. . .. 136 Platyphylla(Rchb. f.) em. Thell., sect. . 281
ms Sintenisii Wolff... . . 191, Platyspermum \Hoffim. ») 2027504 Gee 288
” songoricum Schischk. . 176, 354 Platytaemia Nevski et Vved..... .- 268
ty soongoricum G. Don .. 139 es buchariea Schischk. . . 271, 356
270
A hee a oe
Pag.
Platytaenia depauperata Schischk. . 270, 356
Bs heterodonta Korov. ... 271
- Komarovii (Manden.)
Schischk. . 272, 357
4 pamirica (Lipsky) Nevsky et
Niveder tir.) ik cy ie 270
es pimpinelloides Nevski - .- 269
Fa Rubtzovii Schischk. . 273, 357
Pleurospermum Gmelini Bong. .... 33
Polycyrtus Schlecht. .........- 62
Polylophium Boiss. .........- 278
es Panjutinii Mand. et
Schischk. . . . 279
Porphyroscias Miq.. .-..-..-.--- - 11, 26
e decursiva Miq. ...-.- - 27
Pseudoplatytaenia Schischk., sect. . 272, 358
Pseudoselinum C. Koch, sect. . ... 187
Pubescentia Manden,, sect... ... . 241
Saposhnikovia Schischk.. . .. . 54, 359
- divaricata (Turcz.)
Schischk. . . 54
Saprosmia Korov., sect. ----.-.-.- 74
Scaphospermum Korov. .... . 292, 359
#! asiaticum Korov. . 292, 359
Schair Korov., rpynma. ....... 122
Schlosseria Vacot .......... 168
Schumannia Kuntze ......... 145
Rs Karelinii (Bge.) Korov.. . 148
ss turcomanica Ktze. .... 148
Scorodosma Bees (fis se 62, 72
Scorodosma (Bge.) Drude, subgen. . . 72
2 foetidum Bge. ...... 73
Selinoides DC., sect. ........ 179
Salar Te GS ake eae ee 168
. agasylloides Alb. ...... 37
o Anethum Crantz. ...... 209
. Angelica Roth ....... 13
- Archangelica Vest ..... 29
> baicalense Redowsky. . - - . 179
5 caucasicum M.B. ..... . 187
Ri CELU ALAM GE., Mevas VES UVa hia) ie. ain 189
a glaucum@Ikam:. >: - . - « ; 189
is Gmieliint, Bray 2.9. 6.3. 2
* graveolens Vest ....... 209
Ss hispidum’ Glairvo 22086 2. . 285
; Imperatoria Crantz .... . 193
a intermedium Bess... .. - . 201
5 lactescens Lam. ...... . 201
5 latifollum M.B. . .191, 192, 193
4, Levisticum E.H.L. Krause. . 41
BY melanotilingia Boissieu. . .. 27
271
Selinum obscurum Fisch. . . ... .
” Oreoselinum Crantz ... .
” Ostruthium Wallr.. ... .
” palustre’ Vik ap te ie ahs
” Pastinaca Crantz .... .
” podolicum Bess... .... .
” pubescens Moench .... .
” Schiwereckii Bess... .. .
S silvestre es 2a sas
” sublactescens Gilib. ... .
D sylvestre Crantz..... .
a terebinthaceum Fisch.
Thysselinum Crantz ... .
Semenovia Rgl. et Herd...... .
i transiliensis Rgl. et Herd.
Seseli calcareum Alb.
» leucoleum Wettst. ......
ers alsumuke ole ce suc ai aan
y) waginatum= Ldbs (V0 y-laeee
Siler caucasicum Spreng... ... .-
» divaricatum Benth. et Hook.. .
» salsum> Spreng. 1-30. 28+ bap
trilobum Grantz. 3. 23
Sisontsalsumiuletacas vs) ce eee
Sium nudicaule Lam. ...... -
Soranthus Ldb. ..........
ie Meyeri Ldb.. .... . 142,
* peucedanifolius (Willd.) Wo-
Fone) 42)
i)
Sphondylium Mill.
Xt DC., sect.
asperum Hoffm.. . .- .
Staflinus Rafin.
Statice (sphalm.) /eucoleum Index Kew. .-
Stenocoelium divaricatum Turcz. . . .
villosum K.-Pol.
Stenophyllium Schischk., sect... -
Stenotaenia Boiss.. ..-.-.-.-.- -
daralaghezica (Takht.)
Schischk. .
Sumbulus H. Reinsch
Sumbulus (Reinsch) Korov., rpynna -
Rs moschatus Reinsch
Gerda Small ts. 39:2! eye eee ee
5) australis *Poyarktey er: an creer
» iberica Pojark.
ae) uNoeni gin Povark...) ee
» Meyeri Pojark.
» sanguinea Opiz
sibiricus (Willd.) Korov. . 142,
ei) tel) toes Whol ) helfuveta ol, Rrewuime
Araratianii (A. Takht.) Grossh.
Svida stolonifera Rydb. ----+--: - 346
» unalaschkensis A. Heller. - - 328
Svujda Opizs) te Ha. aren oma =) sia: 331
Symphyoloma C.A.M. -.-.-.---: 222
= graveolens C. A.M. 223
Syncarpaea alpinaC.A.M....-.-.- - 223
Taeniopetalum Bge. -----+-+-:- 197
Nac ec te ences in! ¢, 168, 197
Tucniopetalan (Vis.) Rehb., sect.- - - 197
7 borysthenicum Klok.. - 197
peucedanoides Bge. 198
Thelycrania (Dumort.) Fourr. 331
7 alba (L.) Pojark. 344
= » #. argenteo-marginata
(Rehd.) Pojark.. - 345
~ » £. chrysoclada Pojark. 345
= » _ £. Gonchaultii (Carr.)
Rojarkekyiecme % 345
- » £. Kernii (E. Wolf)
Pojarky ) coin = - 345
S » f. Kesselringii (E.
Wolf) Pojark. 345
= » f. Spaethii (Wittm.)
Pojarki)) 7) ==: 346
armassica K. Sanadze 338
australis (C. A. M.) Sa-
madze ....- - 337
FS australis var. iberica Sa-
nadze .-..-.- - 338
s Baileyi (Coult. et Ev.) Po-
jankeeacinete os fs 344
iB brachypoda (C. A.M.) Po-
jark.. . . 333, 334
i cilicica (Wanger.) Pojark. . 335
= coreana (Wanger.) Pojark. . 335
= darvasica Pojark. . 343
- iberica (G. Woron. Weve 338
= Koehneana (Wanger.) Po-
jarks-. 1 335
* Koenigii (C. K. Schn.) Sa-
Nadzenoon meme 334
* macrophylla (Wall.) Po-
jark.. . 333, 334
” Meyeri Pojark. ..... 339
% sanguinea (L.) Fourr. . 336
” ” var. communis
C. A.M. 336
” ” » latifolia
C.A.M. . 336
272
Thelyerania sanguinea var viridissima
(Dieck.)
Pojark.
aureo-varie-
gata (Pur-
pus) Po-
jark....
f. Mietschii (Pur-
pus) Pojark. .
» variegata
(Dipp.) Pojark.
s stolonifera (Mchx.) Po-
jark.. . . 344,
f. flaviramea
(Rehb.) Pojark.
168,
” vy
” ”
Thysselinum Hoffm.
Thysselinum (Hoffm.) Rchb., sect.
” angustifolium Rchb. . .
a dahuricum Spreng.
5 palustre Hoffm. ... - -
” Plinii Spreng... --.- -
Schwereckii Bess.
x silvestre Rchb.. . .. . -
Tommasinia Boiss... ..--+-.-.+- -
= purpurascens Boiss.
Cet eee! tests) ety oO
Szovitsii Boiss. - ... -
Pordvlionsis DC... |- 322g eae
os Komarovii Manden.. . . -
Tordylium L. .....-.-+.-+-:-.
” absinthifolium Pers... .-
: Komarovii Manden. . - - .
Ps maximum L.
Trinia dahurica Turez.. ......:.-
Villosa Manden., sect. ....-....
Vuedenskia Korov......+.+-+.+.-.
98 pinnatifolia Korov. ...- .
Wendia Hoffm.
Wendia (Hoffm.) Manden., sect.
» Chorodanum Hoffm.
var. roseum (Stev.)
Grossh.
” > aul ee MiB:
hymenocoleon Woron.
» incana var. lazica Grossh.
» pastinacaefolia (C. Koch.)
Grossh. .
» Schelkovnikovii (Woron.)
Grossh.. .. -
Wendtia) Ldb.jsect:~" So-eeeeeee
” ”
. 251,
337)
337
346!
346!
201 |
253 }
Mel spel vet lor ares
Xanthogalum Lallem.
purpurascens Lallem. . .
Sachokianum Karjag. -
Tatianae (Bordz.)
”
”
Schischk. . . . 40
Xanthoselinum Schur. --.-- - - 168, 197
Xanthoselinum (Schur) Calest., sect. 197
Xeronarthex Korov., sect. ..-..- - 102
Zosimia Hoffm. ....-----.-.-- 266
» absinthifolia (Vent.) Link 267
2 a var. microcarpa
Beene 267
Ee BA var. normalis O.
Ktze.. - - - 268
a us , tereticaulis
O. Ktze. . 268
viridiflora
Fisch. et Mey.
angustifolia O.
Ktze.
exinvolucrata
O. Ktze.. -
glabrescens
O. Ktze.. .-
grandiloba
O. Ktze. -
stenocarpa
O. Ktze.. .
orientalis Hoffm.
tordyloides Korov
» transcaspica Gdgr
Zozimia dasycarpa Korov.
pamirica Lipsky
tordyloides Korov
Zosimia absinthifolia §.
f.
:
=
=
>
vy ”
vy
et mes, Pole te vel we
”
gi lain (Hele ern nem ne
a: We tebe ret) tor Gree a
» pamiriCa@ LIPSKY - -+ ++ + = «
”
IAL)
INDEX ALPHABETICUS
familiarum Archichlamydearum
(tomi V—XVII)
Aceraceae Lindl. ..-..... . XIV,
Actinidiaceae Van-Tiegh. . . -. - . XV,
Aizoaceae A. Br... ...:-.-... VI,
Amaranthaceae Juss. . VI,
Anacardiaceae Lindl. ..... - XIV,
Anonaceae Dunal. ..-...-.- - VII,
Aquifoliaceao DC... --.-..- - XIV,
Araliaceae Vent. .....-.-.-- XVI,
Aristolochiaceae Blume ..... . V,
Balsaminaceae S. F. Gray . . . - XIV,
Berberidaceae Torr. et Gray.. - - VII,
Betulaceae A. C. Agardh ....- - V,
Buxaceae Dumort...-...-.-.- - XIV,
Callitrichaceae Lindl. ..... - XIV,
Capparidaceae Lindl. ....- - - VI,
Caryophyllaceae Juss.. ---.-.-- VI,
Celastraceae Lindl. ......- - XIV,
Ceratophyllaceae A. Gray. .- - - Vil,
Chenopodiaceae Less... --.-- - VI,
Chloranthaceae Blume ....-..-.- - V,
Cistaceae Lind]. ....-...... XV,
Combretaceae R. Br. . - --..-.- - XV,
@ornaceaeolink: os) 2h kee XVII,
Crassulaceae DC.........- IX,
Cruciferae B. Juss. . --..-.- - VIII,
Cynomoriaceae Engl... ...-.- - XV,
Datiscaceae Lind]. .---.-.-.- - XV,
DroseraceaesDCr oa... ie ene Les IX,
Elaeagnaceae Lindl. ...... . XV,
Elatinaceae Lindl. . ...... .- XV,
Empetraceae Lindl. ...... . XIV,
Eucommiaceae Van-Tiegh. .. . . - IX,
Euphorbiaceae J. St. Hil. . . . .- XIV,
Kagaceaet A. Brg oh" - ab) aires pe: V,
Frankeniaceae DC......... XV,
Geraniaceae J. St. Hil. . . .. . XIV,
Guttiferae Juss... -...... XV,
580
185
374
354
518
567
539
1
431
624
539
252
503
495
1
386
546
14
2
20
327
274
Halorrhagidaceae Lindl. XV,
Hamamelidaceae Lind]. ..... . IX,
Hippocastanaceae DC...... . XIV,
Hippuridaceae DC... ...... XV,
Hydrocaryaceae Raimann.... . XV,
Juglandaceae Lindl. ........ V,
Lauraceae Lindl.. .. . . . 2 2% VII,
Leguminosae Juss.
Linaceae Dumort......... XIV,
Loranthaceae D. Don ...... . V,
Lythraceae Lindl. . 3.2). (5a XV,
Magnoliaceae J. St. Hil... -- - VII,
Malvaceae Juss. ......-.-.-- XV,
Meliaceae Vent.........: - XIV,
Menispermaceae DC. ...... . VII,
Moraceae Lindl. ....-.-..-.-- V,
Myricaceae Lind]. ..-.-.-+..-.-- V,
Myrtaceae Pers. ........-- XV,
Nyctaginaceae Lindl. .....-. - VI,
Nymphaeaceae DC........ . VI,
Nyssaceae Endl. ........ XVII,
Onagraceae Lind]. ....... .- XV,
Oxalidaceae Lindl... ..... . XIV,
Papaveraceae B. Juss. -.-.- .- - VII,
Phytolaccaceae Lindl... ....- - VI,
Pittosporaceae Lindl. -..-..-.- - IX,
Platanaceae Lindl.) =.) ae IX,
Polygalaceae Lind]. ......- - XIV,
Polygonaceae Lindl. ...-.-..-.- - V,
Portulacaceae Lind). ......- - VI,
Proteaceae J. St. Hil... ---.- - V,
Punicaceae Horan... ......- - XV,
Rafflesiaceae Dumort. . .-..- - - V,
Ranunculaceae Juss. .----- - VII,
Resedaceae DC..........- VIII,
Rhamnaceae R. Br. ....-.-- - XIV,
662
271
622
668
637
247
571
XI, XII et XIII t.
84
406
525
564
23
244
560
376
242
554
Rosaceae Juss... -----+--: IXe.2795 Xo heaceaey DD. Don) 2c. XV, 197
Rutaceae Juss. .---.-+.---. XIV, 198 Thelygonaceae Eichl. ....... VI, 371
Thymelaeaceae Adans. ..... . XV, 481
Sallicaceacwlaindls (a mites eae Sa. Vit 21 ee miltace'ae a|ussiveren 0) chge ane XV, 1
Santalaceaewn.) bree je) te) a ae V, 412 Tropaeolaceae Juss. ....... XIV, 83
Sapindaceae Juss.- -- +--+: - - XIV, 623
Saururaceae Lindl... ....... Vic 20") Ulmaceae’ Mirbs 4) ey eee V, 360
Saxifragaceae, DG.) f.)-. 22 2. IX, 134 Umbelliferae Moris. . . . . XVI, 36; XVII
Simarubaceae Lindl. ...... . XIV, 241 Urticaceae, Endl... 30.0 5) 3 5. V, 384
Staphyleaceae DC. .....-.- - XIV, 577
Sterculiaceae Schott et Endl. 0 XV, 185 Violaceae Juss sited’ toululen | chp tes gat 4 ache mC ae XV, 350
Vitaceaes Lind! 35.) fae Nee XIV, 674
Tamaricaceae Lindl. ...... .- XV, 276
Ternstroemiaceae R. Br. ... .- - XV, 197 Zygophyllaceae Lindl. .-... . XIV, 146
BUS
VEGETATION REGIONS OF THE USSR
Abbreviated name
I. Arctic
il, Aree, JBwie
2eINOvne Ze
Bo vAUASy | SHO
4. Chuk.
5).
Il, European part
OMMBEIiae Abo ot SNe:
(eo; ea!) \\09 jeh je) we) _\e)
5. Iain, ILE Voy
7. Dyv.- Pech.
9). ILbacl, lan
IO, We We
iil, W.slKesamea
CARO OS ) LPie MA et
NS) psi] lb OR aes a
U2 WS IDKal oy,
shy IMLS Day oy
14, V.-Don.
15, Weems,
oe Das:
NOR Grete
20. L. Don
Bib, Ilys We
III. Caucasus
Drs) (CASE.
ea MIDAS: Paes ed. cs 5
24. W. Transc
25, lb, ieee
25. Sy Wireaase
atime elie eal ah
IV. West Siberia
ZS OIG Veter. Loic gis
2S), UW, Too
SHOR MS Tees Ne a Ra
OH ANIM oa) teen 2 Wee
Full name
Arctic (European part)
Novaya Zemlya
Arctic (Siberia)
Chukchi
Anadyr
Karelia- Lapland
Dvina- Pechora
Baltic States
Ladoga-Il'men
Upper Volga
Volga-Kama
Upper Dnieper
Middle Dnieper
Volga-Don
Transvolga area
Upper Dniester
Bessarabia
Black Sea area
Crimea
Lower Don
Lower Volga
Ciscaucasia
Dagestan
Western Transcaucasia
Eastern Transcaucasia
Southern Transcaucasia
Talysh
Ob region (from the eastern slopes
of the Urals to the Yenisei River)
Upper Tobol
Irtysh
Altai
276
V. East Siberia
Ber NG Gialisy MI eee amen ae
Boigh MSM INO AUST be cue
SEN AURIS Sebi 9 Heneatouion olen
SOR ID NU a LO Ne vell'vo sence et he vs
V1. Far East
SiGe eatara Che We ese tes
SiGe Oana WH Wey Geel aul arcane
SOMME = DS Ubibeee ber iahy Maou
Soar WIC Ea re et mare eck
EO MOSS: Piven Gaetan ences oneal
AMA 5 SENS Oly cae eee ree ae aie
VII. Soviet Central Asia
A AN IO ANGI Sis sae reeye Je. «
AS) SBE UL cla inten eet my ae mira
Bay DARI AREAS val oe oe fo
AN Ri Zi MR ees) an ciliates oy cai
OV MICA eM MIetR oy, Foie: tele site
AT ao Mupiag Ab bral aaals Fag ed
AUG) 5 /ATaa ble Bp eam tee Sa Meche ee
OTe Va») ule SR LU
HO Pelicans vAiaM pat eee ga aes
STL TERY SNS Me SA ee ak
Yenisei
Lena-Kolyma
Angara River-Sayans
Dauria
Kamchatka
Okhotsk
Zeya- Bureya
Udar River area
Ussuri
Sakhalin
Aral-Caspian
Lake Balkhash area
Dzungaria-Tarbagatai
Kyzyl-Kum
Kara- Kum
Mountainous part of Turkmenistan
Amu Darya
Syr Darya
Pamir-Alai
Tien Shan
Accepted Regions for Indication of General Distribution of
Species Appearing in ''Flora of the U.S.S. R."
WAL: TBE S7ANSie Mirra es aoe plone
VIL. Arm.-Kurd.
‘eo: a) Pel -tely'e) fe. el fe} (epee; ei 10
DG MICE Sao aaa ola comove old) clams
SAE riers EN. ci sts sieillaiioueie, 42 )cam ents: 6
PGI AS Citeceaewtens hic) temeslehiearietoulawe +
DGTIN Pa IN Ute ce enlc, 'apisj ce eile: er) ote ee
DXA fs URIS a cctiee sala) 7a vie bu ttiral vsdiicin wig whserel ce bis
Arctic (Spitsbergen, Greenland and
farther)
Scandinavia (Norway, Denmark,
Sweden, Finland)
Central Europe (Germany, Poland
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria,
Switzerland)
Atlantic Europe (Netherlands,
Belgium, Britain, France, Portugal)
Mediterranean (including North
Africa)
Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor
Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan
Iran and Afghanistan
India and Himalayas
[Dzungaria-Kashgar area] Eastern
or Chinese Turkestan (Sinkiang)
Mongolia
Japan and China
North American coast of the Bering Sea
North America (U.S. A. and Canada)
Tibet
277
Other Geographical Abbreviations
Afr. Africa
Aust. Australia
Centr. Central |
Bi. East(ern) |
Gr. Great, Greater
Ie Island
Is. Islands
Mt. Mountain
Mts. Mountains
N North(ern)
IBY, River
Sh South(ern)
Ww West(ern)
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
1. The Russian term ''Srednyaya Aziya''is, in English, Central Asia
(or Soviet Central Asia). Therefore the term Middle Asia has been used
for Russian ''Tsentral'naya Aziya,'' which is non-Soviet inner Asia, com-
prising western China (Sinkiang and Tibet) and Mongolia.
2. According to Russian usage, the European part of the USSR is
"eastern Europe.'' Therefore ''western Europe" includes the whole of
Europe outside the USSR.
278
EXPLANATORY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF
RUSSIAN INSTITUTIONS AND PERIODICALS
APPEARING IN THIS TEXT
Abbreviation Full name (transliterated) Translation
Bot.- Geogr. Botaniko-geograficheskie Botanical and Geographical
issled. v isSledovaniya v Investigations in Turkestan
Turkest Turkestane
Bot. Mat. Gerb. Botanicheskie Materialy Botanical Materials of the
Bot. inst. Gerbariya Botaniche- Herbarium of the Botanical
AN SSR skogo instituta ANSSSR Institute of the Academy of
Bot. Mat. Gerb.
Gl. Bot. Sada
Bot. zap. SPb.
univ.
Bot. zhurn.
SSSR
Byull. Glavn.
Bot. Sada
Byull. Obshch.
lyubit. estest-
vozn., antrop.
i etnogr.
Byull. Voronezh.
obshch. estestv.
Dendr.
Der. ikust
Der. ikust.
Kavk.
Dikie polezn, i
tekhnich.
rasteniya
SSSR
Dikorastushchie
r. Kavkaza, ikh
rasprostra-
nenie, svoistva
i primenenie
Dokl. AN Azerb.
Silky
Botanicheskie Materialy
Gerbariya Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada
Botanicheskii zapiski
Sankt- Peterburgskogo
universiteta
Botanicheskii zhurnal
SSSR
Byulleten' Glavnogo
Botanicheskogo Sada
Byulleten' Obshchestva
lyubitelei estestvoz-
naniya, antropologii
i etnografii
Byulleten' Voronezh-
skogo obshchestva
estestvoispytatelei
Dendrarii
Derev'yai kustarniki
Derev'yai kustarniki
Kavkaza
Dikie poleznye i tekh-
nicheskie rasteniya
SSSR
Dikorastushchie raste-
niya Kavkaza, ikh ras-
prostranenie, svoistva
i primenenie
Doklady Akademii Nauk
Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR
279
Sciences of the USSR
Botanical Materials of the
Herbarium of the Main
Botanical Gardens
Botanical Notes of
St. Petersburg University
Botanical Journal of the
USSR
Bulletin of the Main Botanical
Gardens
Bulletin of the Naturalists’,
Anthropologists' and
Ethnographers!' Society
Bulletin of the Voronezh
Society of Naturalists
Arboretum
Trees and Shrubs
Trees and Shrubs of the
Caucasus
Useful Wild Plants and
Industrial Crops of the
USSR
Wild Plants of the Caucasus,
Their Distribution,
Properties and Uses
Reports of the Academy of
Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan
SSR
iDdle
Fl. Abkh.
Fl. Almat.
Zapovedn.
ED A
Fl. Alt. i Tomsk.
gub.
Fl. Az. Ross.
Fl. Evrop. Rossii
Fl. Gruzii
Fl. Kamch.
Fl. Kavk.
Fl. Man'chzh.
Fl. Mosk. gub.
Fl. Poles'ya
Fl. Sev. Kraya
Fl, Sakh,
Fl. Sib.
Ee sib. Balt:
Vost.
Il, Srey, a Wuvziam.
Ross.
Fl. Sr. Ross.
Fl. Tadzhik.
Fl. Talysh.
Fl. Tsentr.
Kazakhst.
EEO Site envaies
Ross.
El Yugo-V ost.
Fl. Yugo-zap.
Ross.
JEL, War, IRON.
sada
EyZaps Sib.
Gerb. donsk. fl.
Gerb. Orlovsk.
sub.
Gerb. Ukr. fl.
GRE
Ill. Fl. Mosk. gub.
Izv. AN SSSR
liZzv~s Ota oacel
Izv. Bot. Sada
Petra Vel.
Flora
Flora Abkhazii
Flora Alma-Atinskogo
Zapovednika
Flora Altaya
Flora Altaiskoi i
Tomskoi gubernii
Flora Aziatskoi Rossii
Flora Evropeiskoi Rossii
Flora Gruzii
Flora Kamchatki
Flora Kavkaza
Flora Man'chzhurii
Flora Moskovskoi
gubernii
Flora Poles'ya
Flora Severnogo Kraya
Flora Sakhalina
Flora Sibiri
Flora Sibiri i Dal'nego
Vostoka
Flora Srednei i Yuzhnoi
Rossii
Flora Srednei Rossii
Flora Tadzhikistana
Flora Talysha
Flora Tsentral'nogo
Kazakhstana
Flora Vostochnoi
Evropeiskoi Rossii
Flora Yugo-Vostoka
Flora Yugo-zapadnoi
Ros sii
Flora Yur'evskogo
botanicheskogo sada
Flora Zapadnoi Sibiri
Gerbarii donskoi flory
Gerbarii Orlovskoi
gubernii
Gerbarii Ukrainskoiflory
Gerbarii Russkoi Flory
Illyustrirovannaya Flora
Moskovskoi gubernii
Izvestiya AN SSSR
Izvestiya Botanicheskogo
Sada
Izvestiya Botanicheskogo
Sada Petra Velikogo
280
Flora
Abkhasian Flora
Flora of the Alma-Ata
Reserve
Altai Flora
Flora of Altai and Tomsk
Provinces
Flora of Asiatic Russia
Flora of European Russia
Georgian Flora
Kamchatkan Flora
Caucasian Flora
Manchurian Flora
Flora of Moscow Province
Flora of Polesie
Flora of the Northern
DeSieiahKOrey
Flora of Sakhalin
Siberian Flora
Flora of Siberia and the
Far East
Flora of Central and
Southern Russia
Flora of Central Russia
Flora of Tadzhikistan
Talysh Flora
Flora of Central Kazakh-
stan
Flora of East European
Russia
Flora of Southeast
Flora of Southwest Russia
Flora of Yur'ev Botanical
Garden
Flora of West Siberia
Herbarium of Don Flora
Herbarium of Orel Province
Herbarium of Ukrainian Flora
Herbarium of Russian Flora
Illustrated Flora of Moscow
Province
Bulletin of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR
Bulletin of the Botanical
Gardens
Bulletin of Peter the Great
Botanical Gardens
Izv. Gl. Bot. Sada
Izv. Kavk. Muzeya
Izv. Kazakhst. fil.
AN SSSR
Izv. Kievsk. Bot.
Sada
Izv. Obshch.
lyubit. estest-
vozn., antrop.
i etnogr.
Izv. Obshch.
Sadov.
Izv. Tadzhik.
Bazy AN SSSR
Konsp. rast. okr.
Khar'kova
Korm. rast.
Estestv. senoko-
sovipastb. SSSR
Mat. (dlya) Fl.
Kavk.
Mat. (dlya) fl.
PesigedneeAgia
Mat. (dlya) Fl.
stepei Kher-
sonsk. Gub.
Nov. obozr.
Ob. rast. Kievsk.
uch. okr.
Obz. Krym.-Kavk.
Medicago
Och. obozr. ifl.
Karpat
Ocherk. Tifl. fl.
Opis. Amur. obl.
Opis. ist. razv.
fl. vost. Tyan'-
Shanya
Opis. nov. rast.
AD BAe,
Opis. nov. vidov
Opred. der.i
kust.
Izvestiya Glavnogo Bota-
nicheskogo Sada
Izvestiya Kavkazskogo
Muzeya
Izvestiya Kazakhstan-
skogo Filiala Akademii
Nauk SSSR
Izvestiya Kievskogo
Botanicheskogo Sada
Izvestiya Obshchestva
lyubitelei estestvo-
znaniya, antropologii
i etnografii
Izvestiya Obshchestva
Sadovodov
Izvestiya Tadzhikskoi
Bazy Akademii Nauk
SSSR
Konspekt rastenii okruga
Khar'kova
Kormovye rasteniya
estestvennykh senoko-
sovipastbishch SSSR
Materialy dlya Flory
Kavkaza
Materialy dlya flory
Srednei Azii
Materialy dlya Flory
stepei Khersonskoi
Gubernii
Novoe obozrenie
Obzor rastitel'nosti
Kievskogo uchebnogo
okruga
Obzor Krymsko-
Kavkazskogo
Medicago
Ocherki rastitel'nosti
i flory Karpat
Ocherki Tiflisskoi
flory
Opisanie Amurskoi
oblasti
Opisanie istorii razvi-
tiya flory vostoch-
nogo Tyan'-Shanya
Opisanie novykh rastenii
Turkestana
Opisanie novykh vidov
Opredelitel' derev'ev i
kustarnikov
281
Bulletin of the Main
Botanical Gardens
Bulletin of the Caucasian
Museum
Bulletin of the Kazakhstan
Branch of the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR
Bulletin of the Kiev Bota-
nical Gardens
Bulletin of the Naturalists',
Anthropologists’ and
Ethnographers! Society
Bulletin of the Horticul-
turists' Society
Bulletin of the Tadzhikistan
Base of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR
Compendium of Plants of
Kharkov District
Fodder Plants of Natural
Hay Meadows and Pas-
tures of the USSR
Material on Caucasian
Flora
Materials on Soviet Central
Asian Flora
Materials on the Flora of
Kherson Province
Steppes
New Review
Survey of Vegetation in the
Kiev Educational
District
Survey of Crimean-
CaucasianMedicago
Survey of Carpathian
Vegetation and Flora
Survey of Tiflis [Tbilisi]
Flora
Description of the Amur
Region
Description of the History
of the Development of Flo-
ra of the Eastern Tien Shan
Description of New Plants
of Turkestan
Description of New Species
Key to Trees and Shrubs
Opred. rast.
Dal'nevost. kr.
Opred. rast.
Kavk.
Opred. vyssh.
Opred. (vyssh.)
rasten. Evrop.
chasti SSSR
Opyt Russko-
Kavk. Fl.
Perech. rast.
Turk.
Pochv. eksped. v
bass. r. Syr-
Dar'i i Amu-
1D) yreuat
Priroda
Protok. Zased.
Kievsk. Obshch.
Estestv.
Putesh.
Rast. ifl. Karp.
Rast. letn. pastb.
Gandzh.
Rast. res. Turkm.
Rast. resursy
Kavkaza
Rast. sib.
Rast. Sr. Az.
Rast. Turkest.
Rast. Zakasp.
obl.
Rastit. Kavk.
Rastit. pokrov.
vost. Pamira
Rastit. syr'e
Kazakhst.
Rastit. zapovedn.
Guralash i
Zaaminsk, lesn.
ugodii
Rezul't dvukh
puteshestv.
na Kavk.
Opredelitel' rastenii
Dal'nevostochnogo
kraya
Opredelitel' rastenii
Kavkaza
Opredelitel' vysshikh
rastenii
Opredelitel' (vysshikh)
rastenii Evropeiskoi
chasti SSSR
Opyt Russko- Kavkazskoi
Flory
Perechen' rastenii
Turkmenii
Pochvennaya ekspeditsiya
v basseiny rek Syr-
IDyewetal ab Agi IDei ie
Priroda
Protokol Zasedaniya
Kievskogo Obshchest-
va Estestvoispytatelei
Puteshestviya
Rasteniya i flora Karpat
Rasteniya letnikh past-
bishch Gandzhi
Rastitel'nye resursy
Turkmenii
Rastitel'nye resursy
Kavkaza
Rastitel'nost' Sibiri
Rastitel'nost' Srednei
Azii
Rastitel'nost' Turke-
stana
Rastitel'nost' Zakaspii-
skoi oblasti
Rastitel'nost' Kavkaza
Rastitel'nyi pokrov
vostochnogo Pamira
Rastitel'noe syr'e
Kazakhstana
Rastitel'nost zapoved-
nika Guralash i
Zaaminskikh les-
nykh ugodii
Rezul'taty dvukh puteshe-
stvii na Kavkaz
282
Key to Plants of the Far
Eastern Territory
Key to Caucasian Plants
Key to Higher Plants
Key to Higher Plants of
the European USSR
Attempted Russian-
Caucasian Flora
List of Turkmenian
Plants
Soil Science Expedition to
the Syr-Darya and Amu-
Darya River Basins
Nature
Protocol of a Conference of
Kiev Naturalists' Society
Travels
Plants and Flora of the
Carpathians
Vegetation of Gandzha [now
Kirovabad] Summer
Pastures
Plant Resources of Turk-
menia
Plant Resources of the
Caucasus
Vegetation of Siberia
Vegetation of Soviet
Central Asia
Vegetation of Turkestan
Vegetation of the Trans-
caspian Region
Vegetation of the Caucasus
Plant Cover of the Eastern
Pamirs
Plant Resources of
Kazakhstan
Vegetation of Guralash
Reserve and Zaamin
Forest Lands
Results of Two Travels to
the Caucasus
w \
; Russk. Fl.
| Russk. lek. rast.
Sbor, sushka i
raz. lek. rast.
SOM Basie Sky
Sots. Rastenie-
vodstv.o
Sov. Bot.
Sov. Farmats.
Spis. rast.
Spis. Rast.
Krymsk.
Zapovedn.
ihe BOt. ist.
AN SSSR
BlteelS Oem lini
Azerb. Filiala
Akad. Nauk
‘Ie, BO, Sele
Tie, Bor, Sac
Yur'evsk. Univ.
mae yuo kL,
OLE
Tr. Dal'nevost.
bazy AN SSR
Tr. Inst. nov. lub.
syr'ya
Tr. Nauk.-Doslid.
Inst. Bot. Khar.
Derzh. Univ.
Tr. Obshch. isp.
prir. Khark'k.
univ.
ic @Owsinchasacowve
v Odesse
Tr. odessk.
obsh. sadov.
Tr. Peterb.
obshch. estest-
voisp.
Russkaya Flora
Russkie lekarstvennye
rasteniya
Sbor, sushka i razvitie
lekarstvennykh
rastenil
Sornye rasteniya SSSR
Sotsialisticheskoe
Rastenievodstvo
Sovetskaya Botanika
Sovetskaya Farmatsevtika
Spisok rastenii
Spisok Rastenii Krym-
skogo Zapovednika
Trudy Botanicheskogo
instituta AN SSSR
Trudy Botanicheskogo
Instituta Azerbaid-
Zhanskogo Filiala
Akademii Nauk
Trudy Botanicheskogo
Sada
Trudy Botanicheskogo
Sada Yur'evskogo
Universiteta
Trudy Byuro po priklad-
noi botanike
Trudy Dal'nevostochnoi
bazy AN SSSR
Trudy Instituta novogo
lubyanogo syr'ya
Trudy naukovo-doslid-
noho instytutu botaniky
Kharkivs'koho Derzhav-
noho Universytetu
Trudy Obshchestva
ispytatelei prirody
Khar'kovskogo
universiteta
Trudy Obshchestva
sadovodov v Odesse
Trudy odesskogo
obshchestva sadovodov
Trudy Peterburgskogo
obshchestva estest-
voispytatelei
283
Russian Flora
Russian Medicinal Plants
Gathering, Drying and
Development of Medi-
cinal Plants
Weed Plants of the USSR
Socialist Plant Growing
Soviet Botany
Soviet Pharmaceutics
List of Plants
List of Plants of the
Crimean Reserve
Transactions of the Bota-
nical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences
of the USSR
Transactions of the Bota-
nical Institute of Azer-
baidzhan Branch of the
Academy of Sciences
Transactions of the Bota-
nical Gardens
Transactions of the Bota-
nical Gardens of Yur'ev
[now Tartu] University
Transactions of the Bureau
of Applied Botany
Transactions of the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR
Transactions of the Institute
of New Fiber Raw Materials
Transactions of the Botani-
cal Research Institute of
the Kharkov State University
Transactions of the Natural-
ists' Society of Kharkov
University
Transactions of the Odessa
Horticulturists' Society
Transactions of Odessa
Horticulturists' Society
Transactions of St. Peters-
burg Naturalists' Society
Tr. pochy.-bot. Trudy pochvennobota-
eksp. Peresl. nicheskoi ekspeditsii
upr. Pereslavskogo
upravleniya
Tr. po geobot. Trudy po geobotaniche-
obsled. pastb. skim obsledovaniyam
Azerb. pastbishch Azerbaidzhana
Tr. Odessk. otd. Trudy Odesskogo otdele-
R. obshch. niya Rossiiskogo ob-
sadov shchestva sadovodov
Wigs Foxes |OXO IR Trudy po prikladnoi
(gen. isel.) botanike, genetike i
selektsii
Tr. Ross. Obshch. Trudy Rossiiskogo ob-
sadov. shchestva sadovodov
Tr. SAGU Trudy Sredneaziatskogo
Gosudarstvennogo
Universiteta
Tr. Sarat. obshch. Trudy Saratovskogo
estestvoisp. obshchestva estest-
; voispytatelei
Tr. Sil'skogospod. Trudy sil'skohospodar'-
komit. bot. skoho komiteta botaniky
Tr.SPb.obshch. Trudy Sankt-Peterburg-
estestv. skogo obshchestva
Tr. Tadzh.bazy Trudy Tadzhikskoi bazy
ANSSSR ANSSSR
Hetil bot: Trudy Tbilisskogo bota-
inst. nicheskogo instituta
Tr. Tbil.(or Tifl.) Trudy Tbilisskogo
bot. sada (Tiflisskogo) botaniche-
skogo sada
Tr. Turkmensk. Trudy Turkmenskogo
bot. sada botanicheskogo sada
Tr. Turk. nauchn. Trudy Turkmenskogo
obshch. nauchnogo obshchestva
Uchen. Zapiski Uchenye Zapiski Kazan-
Kazansk. Gos. skogo Gosudarstven-
Univ. nogo Universiteta
Vest. Akad. Nauk. Vestnik Akademii Nauk
(or AN) Kazakhsk. Kazakhskoi SSR
SSR
Vestn. estestv. Vestnik estestven-
nauk nykh nauk
Westin hoss. Vestnik Rossiiskogo
Obshch. sadov Obshchestva sadovodov
Vest. Tifl. bot. Vestnik Tiflisskogo
sada botanicheskogo sada
284
Transactions of the Soil-
Botanical Expedition of
Pereslavl Administration
Transactions of Geobotanical
Investigations of Azerbaidzhan
Pastures
Transactions of Odessa
Branch of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society
Transactions of Applied
Botany, Genetics and
Selection
Transactions of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society
Transactions of the Soviet
Central Asian State
University
Transactions of the Saratov
Naturalists' Society
Transactions of the Botanical
Agricultural Committee
Transactions of the St. Peters-
burg Naturalists' Society
Transactions of the Tadzhik-
istan Base of the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR
Transactions of Tbilisi
Botanical Institute
Transactions of the Tbilisi
(Tiflis) Botanical Garden
Transactions of the Turk-
menian Botanical Garden
Transactions of the Turk-
menian Scientific Society
Scientific Reports of the
Kazan State University
Bulletin of the Academy of
Sciences of the KazakhSSR
Bulletin of Natural Sciences
Bulletin of the Russian
Horticulturists' Society
Bulletin of Tiflis Botanical
Garden
Visn. Kyyivsk.
bot. sadu
Vizn. (or Vznachn.)
rosl. URSR
V obl. polupustyni
Yadov. rast.
lugov i pastb.
Yubil. sbornik
Wels Koma
rovu
Zam. po sist. i
geogr. rast.
Tbil. bot. inst.
Zam.o Rast.
Russk. Flory
Zam. po fl.
jody
Zap. Kievsk.
Obshch.
Zap. Kyyivsk.
Inst. Nar. Osv.
Zap. Nauchno-
Pend iOtdl:
Zap. NOVO-ROSS.
obshch. Estestv.
Zap. Russk.
geogr. obshch.
Zhurn. Bot.
obshch.
Zhurn. opytn.
agron. Yugo-
Vost.
Visnyk Kyyivs'koho
botanichnoho sadu
Viznachnyk roslyn
URSR
V oblasti polupustyni
Yadovitye rasteniya
lugov i pastbishch
Yubileinyi Sbornik
Posvyashchennyi
V.L. Komarovu
Zametki po sistematike
i geografii rastenli
Tbilisskogo botaniche-
skogo instituta
Zametki o Rasteniyakh
Russkoi Flory
Zametki po flore
El'tona
Zapiski Kievskogo
Obshchestva Estest-
voispytatelei
Zapysky Kyyivs'koho
Instytuta Narodnoho
Osvichennya
Zapiski Nauchno- Prik-
ladnogo Otdeleniya
Tiflisskogo Sada
Zapiski Novorossiiskogo
obshchestva Estest-
voispytatelei
Zapiski Russkogo geo-
Bulletin of the Kiev
Botanical Garden
Key to Plants of the
Ukrainian SSR
(Inthe) Semidesert Region
Poisonous Plants of Meadows
and Pastures
Jubilee Collection Dedicated
to V. L. Komarov
Notes on Taxonomy and
Geography of Plants of the
Tbilisi Botanical Institute
Notes on Plants of the
Russian Flora
Notes on the Flora of Elton
Reports of the Kiev Society
of Naturalists
Reports of the Kiev Institute
of Public Education
Reports of the Applied
Sciences Section of the
Tiflis [Tbilisi] Botanical
Garden
Reports of the Novorossiisk
Society of Naturalists
Reports of the Russian
graficheskogo obschestva Geographical Society
Zhurnal Botanicheskogo
obshchestva
Zhurnal opytnoi agro-
nomii Yugo-Vostoka
285
Journal of the Botanical
Society
Journal of Experimental
Agronomy of the Southeast
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FLORA REGIONS OF
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