Peres ORE *: oe oo ( ateteal ~ ued « te Re meh he: Shes a Tyo RE Se eee : sete 8 Na INNS oon as Sone ga i 5 Nereis Se rac ts Sm ; Barer mem a Di ne Rar Bem PID Pm PE ; “eh tne Mipe PoBon ehh tec Me Sho Serena canes hae, fics iin abe, x. | RSA a pet eR. is ents hint Pera am a Pons 2 Pe Re eat hed ind PPO ss one ate Be tn a re En mrt aston pectiaened EN Som RS eration Ah nk cae Ss ee ene had) 22 ol! Mint chan” MiB CAGE PL! Soe OK cree iia HM on SN PAPE Yates ete I Rts Stn emtamtm SC Se ee phn Net Fata iy pate” EA mite shen Dnd ak it nam ini aiiaien i es areas I ink il he age A 8 Toma Ce a A ee Te a MT a ee ea ee ai re eR RS ee ps ee Safer yvVUdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1Y¥Y¥ a a ui z Lea ee z ‘| ow e a WO oO = AS - Oo us a = i: as = E z re ¥ aA Fe ae = a BY = ? - 5 a Z o Z m 2 TITUTION NOLO IULSNIG NYINOSHHINS 73 1yvya Prot 1B RAR ! mal has abel oes . = < = ve = < = Gt z oH ome | Zz z PY 2 ao ae = S (Oo) 4 xs ae O 4 < Oo ae 2 yy = : : : : > = > = zi > s 2 a 2 7) ees = ryvugiq LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S4IUYWe } — —t w — 2 Be ates he vf 2 i = oe tk Ly es cc zd cc 2 iff 3 < = < = oc Ups ; = oc = a 3 a “Up 2 2 5 = a ea =z — we eal TITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3I1u¥vVudIT LIBRARIES za Lig > rs Lae = iy oO as = = 5 2 5 | = Gly & = =) 3 Wie , a > an > = Lp fp fr. > = a - a - OG f7 3 Cie = a) as ae = = wn & w = 7) [UVUGIT_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS, S31 uve ne = ae = gt, = = yf a : 2 a @%2 1% 2 g : 8 OE? = = iS $F fe’ = 2y 7% Ff = > = >" = > n i a ” ae z 7) Zz TITUTION NOLLNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3lYVYaIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITU w = op) = ep) = cor D n 5 Z & fe 4 = = = a e e G » « ~. SS + ac. -| I> 2 ra) a = ca . = z - Z 2 luvadia Lt BRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYV (read = in = aig za . 3) = 0) = Se = S a S 2 = n = ap) = ” eS. NOILOTULSNI UNVINOSHIINS 34 [yYVvVuag riot BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN = SZ s AM GO 2 Z a = a (Z WY Ye a = ay S b : a Xe . a fe) ae = z = NS = : ; > > eats LS S % a = 7 Wh tees = Uvagid_ LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS = rf) 2 WW z SO uw ” } 4” aE: Ww & SON = ~. oa fp os = KK 7 a PY = < S WS 3 o gh: : : : 2 a 2 im Zz ee STITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3SIYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN > ean > rc > om ASt- YU Pe ek — nile Ww Dp eh a VS ee — _——" BS — Fad =f = — ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI Saiuvugit LIBRARIE 6 ~ 2 Es z Ee = « © = w ~ wo 0] a 2 iF, > ra > 4 = > - Gy, a — a = a Ss = “Ufe m = m Ss a as op) — w ss JLILSNI_ NVINOSHLIWS |S [UVYEIT_LIBRARI ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILS z = 72) wae < & = nf / Z = Fa Ns = > = YY? Bs BUS 2 3 5 Uf? F ea EWG 2 i 2 2 = = ae = oe fl e ” a ARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILMIILSNI_NVINOSHLINS Saluveala_ -IBRART = z PA SNe Zz pra nw uJ NEN uu 2 ez ZS as 2 x %; a < = AWS ee z ss = is = SQ e = a Gi re) = fo) “4 “a © j Zz — Zz. s 4 LILSNITNVINOSHLINS SA3IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILS ey Ys rs fe = Ne is Ss w e 2 (| YY 3 = =) a) =} hoy” Lt = > EE > = Vi y (22 = 2 Ee a Pe ae aie Fe : Le Oi ais e z y z ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31uVvudlT MS 4 fog > SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLINS SMITHSONIAN UY NVINOSHLIWS oe ef LIBRARIES JLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS “Saluvuaiy SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | NOILLILS : ea > on S o = 7) ud Yy. us z ce = - O%y,5 z = » = pa < Pf a < = ow S ae fot S o S) : e fe a S) a FS a= z ad r= a ARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31uvugi7_LIBRARI 2 id — 2 ir . = i 2 ow o a : fe) wo 5 ze 5 2 iS 2 aes ay _— i 0] Lor Po) mn ra a = = is =n Nie a za a 2 D MLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS SA1UVYEIT_ LIBRARIES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,, NOILALIL = a is Oe) i Ag 5 = Big 5 = 5S We Be Ss oa re) Uy a o =“ ie) Y= 2 iy = Z E = 4 = > ‘ = i" > = ‘ > G SARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS Saluvugi7_*!BRARI | a9) = n > cau 2) Zz roe he 2 4 sNXS = sd a oe 2 RS < a : : : a YE : a Ce O sat S| Sune S) J z — a SS tay Zz 2 NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS _S31¥vudIT LIBRARI ES_ SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION ees fee Nh ba i nih 1 Rn Yeats Akademiya Nauk SSSR FLORA of the U.S.S.R. Volume XVI B.K. Shishkin, Editor Umbelliflorae TRANSLATED FROM RUSSIAN Published for the Smithsonian Instit and the eas Science Founda ti ion; Wa chin ngton, zs C. by the Israel Program for Scienti ific Translat Sor BOTANICHESKII INSTITUT IM. V.L. KOMAROVA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR FLORA of the U.S.S.R. (Flora SSSR) (Series initiated by V.I. Komarov) Volume XVI Umbelliflorae Chief Editor B.K. Shishkin Volume Editor B.K. Shishkin Compiled by E.G. Bobrov, B.A. Fedchenko, E.P. Korovin, A.N. Krishtofovich, I.A. Linchevskii, A.I. Poyarkova, and B.K. Shishkin Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR Moskva-Leningrad 1950 Translated from Russian Israel Program for Scientific Translations Jerusalem 1973 TT 72-50067 Published Pursuant to an Agreement with THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION and THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. Copyright © 1973 Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd. IPST Cat. No. 60115 1 ISBN 0 7065 1298 7 Translated by R. Lavoott Edited by Prof. J. Lorch Printed in Jerusalem by Keter Press Binding: Wiener Bindery Ltd., Jerusalem Available from the U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Technical Information Service - “Spring tield,. Vay 22051 co VII/7/3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Russian English page page Systematic Index of Speciesin Volume XVI ........2..00:2... vii ix PRIA CCHME rs oie ety us mice o sis oo pie, ME ek. Mek LAGe a >, 28 See BPP MSE. « Vv 1 Ger s0ecqWmbellifiorae Bartly) .c Ni bem Tee +l Spano once it 3 Rammilys CX VAlieAraltaceaety ent! ~ oie G a. --maeeecere ss. + 1 3 IN@Yy WO GEMS! Soaso sesh sssnsoddac bods bd soobE coo boone OED 2 3 Genus ®Fatsia Decne. et Planch. .......... 2 4 Genus, 9o2) sHuerdic ay ale mers eet enone Pieeeeek =. 3 5 Genus 933. Echinopanax Decne. et Planch. 17 14 Genus 934. Acanthopanax Seem. ........ 1S) 15 Genus 985. Eleutherococcus Maxim. ... 20 16 Genus) 936. . Kallopa nave Miq-esemis .50 See 21 18 Genus, 937). Awrallital tits i e216 eee Circe ” 24 19 Genus ISG" Pata KO aati es ee nee. 34 ai Ramla Gees WimbelliferaesViOrise «rm ryel-tere 21-bitatsietedareieiels)> 36 28 Key to GEmera ++ eee cee reece ccc eee cee e eee e cree ee eeeee 40 30 Subfamily I. Hydrocotyloideae Drude ..........-..... 57 42 Gensy939: MeiyGrocotyler iia wat ica. elelr- eiebertn 57 43 Genus, J40 ps iGie mi teyicae Lape deey sade usueieteietetolhate 09 44 Subfamily Il. Sanmiculoideae Drude ------++-+---..--- 60 45 iribe la Saniculede Wrudey p-s-t-14-e ey ==) = ecleee rel - 61 45 Gams VAP Seiwowila Wass somseseoeooe 3508 61 46 Genus¢o42) | Asie rami ARIS 2). seas os ee 66 49 Genus 943. Actinolema Fenzl............ 71 03 Genisi944. SExy MNO eid ville Mata sto. tos eynsekeersl 6 - 73 54 Subfamily sie, sAploldeaey Dinde@taee wer as er) ieleeieeene | 88 65 Tribe 1. Echinophoreae Benth. et Hook. ------+--- 88 65 Gens, J4555 EC hw mo, pilnorgay ey al. eek eet; 88 65 Tribe 2. Scandiceae DC. «+++. eee ee eee rere re eeee 90 68 Genus 946. Physocaulis (DC.) Tausch..... 93 68 Genus 94 27 Chiacrop hy iwi a are eee 94 69 Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum KegeOh ese S sik Nk oy ae sf .. 4 98 72 Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) SCMUS CMa wom else cic eee Ooi cr noeeas 109 19 Subgenus 3. Buniomorfa K-Pol. ..... 110 80 (The page numbers of the Russian original appear in the left-hand margin of the text] iil Genus 948. Krasnovia M. Pop............ 117 85 Genus 949. Sphallerocarpus Bess. ...... 118 86 Genus 950. Grammosciadium DC....... 120 87 Genus 951. Caropodium Stapf et Wettst. 123 89 Genus 952. Anthriscus (Pers.) Hoffm. .... 125 91 Gens o53e Scarica ley ee we eee 139 101 Subgenus 1. Pecten (Duby) Thell. .... 140 102 Subgenus 2. Wylia (Hoffm.) Thell..... 145 105 Subgenus 3. Scandicium C.Koch.... 146 =6105 Genus Jo.) Os imionhaz a. Rakine | 27 eereeer 148 107 GEMS SB5o° MVE INS INN 6 5 c55G55605000- 150 109 Genus 956. Albertia Rgl. et Schm. ...... 151 110 GenusiJoiles auomuitsieAd ans yey renee eee 153 111 Subgenus 1. Eu- Torilis (DC.) Drude.. 154 112 Subgenus 2. Daucalis (Pomel) Schischk. 163 118 Genus 958. Psammogeton Edg........... 164 119 Genus i959" As trodes | Drude; sere 169 122 Genusr 9605 1G an ciallasnye teeta. eae eerie 172 124 Genus 961. Turgenia Hoffm. ............ 174 127 Gemias, I62:oul saleram BOIS te cbt. - - et telat e a ATA 128 Genusi9632 Ortay a goin Gee. eit aries = 181 130 iribe; 3. (Conmandrede moc ena eia y+ -1 ee meneteroreh: 184 132 Genus) 964) Ciomi ain darn e lamp -rartetarnoted-Fereite 184 132 Genus 965. Schtschurovskia Rgl. @e Solutmmailln, occocggcccvaccccc000 000000000 186 134 Genus 966. Kosopoljanskia Korov. ..... 188 136 Genus 967. Fuernrohria C.Koch ........ Angie 137 Genus 968. Schrenkia Fisch. et Mey. 192 138 Genus 969. Bifora Hoffm. ..........---+-- 198 143 Tribe 4. Smyrnieae Koch -----ceeesssceeeeceee 202 144 Genus 970. Astomatopsis Korov. ........ 203 145 Genus) 9/75 ce alii gle niayeD Czar -rteter eee 204 146 Subgenus 1. Eueleosticta Korov. 207 148 Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov. 217 156 Genus 972. Smyrnium L. --------------- 218 156 Genus 973. Smyrniopsis Boiss. ........-- 222 159 Genny gio Iemma ey /Nlo cos o aces cancodaos 223 159 Gaui elias (GOmlwial We Soc bgo0sodecuacas 225 161 Genus 976. Pleurospermum Hoffm. ..... 229 163 Genus 977. Hymenolaena DC. .......... 233 166 Genus 978. Eleutherospermum C.Koch 236 168 Genus 979. Aulacospermum Ldb. ....... 238 170 Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk. 241 170 Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk. .. 245 175 1V Genus 980. Trachydium Lindl. ........... 246 175 Genus 981. Eremodaucus Bge. .-.--+-+.-- 250 iT Genus 982. Lecokia DC. .-..----.-ceeeees 251 178 Genus 983. Hippomarathrum Hoffmgg. CUMIN: 5 522% Ver te tle DE eee elds EEE os 252 179 Genus 984. Cachrys L. emend. Koch ....... 204 181 Genus 985. Cryptodiscus Schrenk ........ 260 185 Genus 986. Prangos Lindl. ................ 263 187 Tribe, on Mohenackerteae Ealests wer. taste sete sie = oe 2738 195 Genus 987. Hohenackeria Fisch. et Mey.... 273 =: 195 Tribe: Gis AminineaenGoche ser. tks War. areal oleae ate 1 274 196 Genus 988. Bupleurum L. ....:...:....... 275 196 Subgenus 1. Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol. 283 202 Subgenus 2. Bupleurotypus K.-Pol.... 287 205 Subgenus 3. Agostana (S.F. Gray) K.-Pol. 333. 239 Genus 989. Trinia Hoffm. -....-.......e.. 349 251 Subgenus 1. Eutrinia (Baill.) Drude..... 350 202 Genus 990. Rumia Hoffm. ..... nocoagogasd 358 257 GenussIOie. Mined ebro re lear WOlhh esc = 361 259 Genus 992. Ormopterum Schischk. ....... 363 261 Genus 993. Szovitsia Fisch.et Mey. ....... 364 261 Genus 994. Aphanopleura Boiss. ...-..... 365 262 Genus 995. Froriepia C.Koch ............ 368 264 CSS So, (wis mOe hy oaoanoscenoenctoe 369 265 SEs SIGs ANON Ihe HocodGancnoo uo 8 370 266 Genus 998. Helosciadium Koch ......... 372 267 Genus 999) Petroselinum) Horim.? 22.0 c. 5. 373 268 Genus 1OOO-F Siisio nul A acine aclec. seme 34 > Order 30. Umbelliflorae Bartl. Family CXVIII. Araliaceae Vent. Genus * Fatsia Dene. et Planch. Genus 932. Hedera L. PecolchicaGaiwochs) sea aha cee ed acs eae ats . Pastuchovii G. Woron.. ............468-. . caucasigena’ Pojarkeo ska |. 92 M8.G. Leis Le PECAMPIC AN CAavY se, oosis) vetue, wi erin ese cep Wola fer oem Meme Grae Bact Genus 933. Echinopanax Dene. et Planch. Nive Pat ume Nace bit ssc ch Pain veh Bole otae am teks Melon to foe oe Mais Genus 934. Acanthopanax Seem. . sessiliflorum (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. ...... . Genus 935. Eleutherococcus Maxim. . senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. ........ Genus 936. Kalopanax Miq. . septemlobum (Thunb.) Koidz.. ........... Genus 937. Aralia L. Section 1. Dimorphanthus Miq. elata (Miq.) Seems “2.9 8 Ue S i) aye ee etat . mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim... .....--.-..-.-. * [This index has been reproduced photographically from the Russian original. ] ** [Russian page numbers appear in the left-hand margin of the text.] op fer unes, petemelen ce eae et) Ges He. te, hpvee evn esse! el jer! fel! je) | Kein lie Russian page ME 18 19 Section 2. Herbaralia Nakai Picordatarlhanbacay otc veatai ok oe te Mtcbae h MeMM Nath oi) saat Gihse oa een , continentalis Kitagawa : . - :*. - 2 2). Gti Ge a0 ) SchmidtiPoyarks = oo 6. 2 2 S60. See Cae > > Pp Genus 938. Panax L. 1k Peeschineseno™Nees*v-rEsenber ote hes 2 ais se a a Family CXIX. Umbelliferae Moris. Subfamily 1. Hydrocotyloideae Drude Genus 939. Hydrocotyle L. Bevualgaris Lie%, 2 lale 9m. a Las 6 Gr sof ea Ee eee Cae ee » ranunculordes: L, file: e6.*s) . SORES. ee ROO LOS, CRERAL t yamitlona Maximiccs 2 600k fee Guo e oe Pa ten hl oe So Be Loe Genus 940. Centella L. 1. Casiatica ((L.): Urban no 8 estos Rk PE eae Subfamily 2. Saniculoideae Drude Tribe Saniculeae Drude Genus 941. Sanicula L. Section 1. Erythrosana Baill. 1 Seerubriflora Fr: (Schmidt) 2 = ou2 Ae is & ee See eae Section 2. Eusanicula Wolff 9850); 2S. europaca len oes. 5 3 ktm uae oreo) oe) camo 30S; chinen'sisi Boe oe io oe oe te © eRe cu ee) Genus 942. Astrantia L. Section 1. Macraster Calest. wie) le). ve) er eh “et ler ‘Yel ie: ies fey We ce) Ge) ie) , \e(hifol mefiise:u) yo! s nell [obs tomate: ile) ome olmES. Pw Nr Sie bate ke 5 i.) 3 i Genus 943. Actinolema Fenzl “ CryngioiGes) Wenz Fo so eee son) use eene s Lonee eo) + ate eee = MacKolema Bosse. esi or 4 6 deeumel mene eorlian (ollie Iyoyeree marine eatearenice = > > 9860. 9870. 13. 14. eo BagiventedmeM. "Die fe BR 5 Section 2. Campestria Wolff FUNG eH UE EVOIGB at feo MO ai) RE eta arto 8 ete oe Emesmpestre Lisiimti 6 (0% e208 6) tye Jee tae om E. nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse .--------- - By balchanicum Bobr! fo taut cote pee ee ee Section 3. Ovalifolia Bobr. E. macrocalyx Schrenk .--- e+ ee et ert EPunicogmtum®Pavik )sitemeit) sth Nena eter soe. EAINR Ii: By Bungel Boiss: 0-9 cok ee Fea ca Section 4. Lancifolia Bobr. Roukaratavicumpllpines 2 aie se 2 - ee eet Reanipandum, Bobra «cos 2 se 2, ated he aweeel pee Section 5. Plana Wolff Etgplanumoly o'.- oie eevee © ee ie is wet kak E. Biebersteinianum Nevski .- +--+ 2-2: 7:7: Section 9. Halobia Calest. Eeuifanitiniimele. cee pecs ue hae lee alee one orgie. Sa Section 7. Haplophylla Woron. Eo Wanaturi’ Wonen,o acon ce cathe oh Ma cals Subfamily Il. Apioideae Drude Tribe 1. Echinophoreae Benth. et Hook. Genus 945. Echinophora L. Section 1. Leucophora DC. Ex trichophyllasmith ye 2) oe eee Section 2. Chrysophora DC. E. Sibthorpiana Guss. - 0-30-42 8 et . Ph. nodosus (L.) Tausch Genus 944. Eryngium L. Section 1. Alpina Wolff Tribe 2. Scandiceae DC. Genus 946. Physocaulis (DC.) Tausch XI a ees ieee wel fakes” 0 ay avhep gies aetl ives eo 76 76 78 78 79 80 80 83 84 84 85 86 87 87 89 90 93 Genus 947. Chaerophyllum L. Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum K.-Pol. A; Chepromaticamibs . co.0802 30s 3m Come ee ee ee 99 2 Ch maculata Willd Oe. dic ee ak RAR ROR ee he ee 99 §. Chiicreutaria Villes.. <5 2 se = oye 3 wie ie! Wage as eae 100 a'Ch banile'Stev> 2 ace se Ree me Ce ane reas ay ace 101 9860. 5: (hk. Kinpati Woreas i 76 62) Sinus f= + ee eS ee 102 6:Ch. Soscum Me Bad ee Siw) BO Se, eee 102 7, Ch, rubellum Alb... .... Se ee ee ee ee ee Ee 104 @ Ch: astrantiae Boiss, eb Baby soe SN 6 8 ce ee 2 eo 104 CO Ch. Borodintt Bibs 6 v0 tk ae es, ee ee, Soe ey Se 107 10. Ch. khorossanicum Czernjak.. . 2... 2 2 ee ee ee ee 108 Tore femalnm Lips) ye ee a ase eee nen eee iin oe "Soe 108 Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) Schischk. 12. Ch. macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey... ........... 109 Subgenus 3. Bunimorpha K.-Pol. 43. Ch, ‘asgelitifoliam M:.B.. 3. 2 2 102 4 2 8 OOD Oe 110 14. Ch. Meyeri Boiss. et Buhse . 2... 2-1 ee ee ee 111 Gaog; “35; Ghivepnfisum Woroh. : 403 66 8 oe ce es 3 ee eee lll 16. GR. temulsides Boisst 6. eel Soles oo ls os See 112 Uae. eriitum BOISs: 60:4 5 sis Sos eon 4 See eS ke el 2 eee 112 18. Ch. balbosnii Lb.’ 2 5.6 2268 2 ee kee Ses ee 113 19, Ch. caucasicum (Fisch.) Schischk. . . - 0 2. 2 2 2 1. ee 114 20. Ch. Bobrovii Schischk. ol Serge? ese) Mel ke’ feminres: eberey cei) te: Mietriah “ei- iat arstin Cente 115 91. Ch. Prescott DC ene? 20ST et 0 seer es cs Ae 116 Genus 948. Krasnovia M. Pop. 1. K. longiloba (Kar; et Kir.) M. Pop.» if. 2 s.-))) as - 2 2 2 os 118 Genus 949. Sphallerocarpus Bess. 12S: gracilis (Besso)ike-Polss ton. 2 Suge gla, Mera) ol eee een oe 119 Genus 950. Grammosciadium DC. LG: daucoides: DO25. SPAS ae eee ete ar) Ret eran 120 Genus 951. Caropodium Stapf et Wettst. 9900. 1. C. armenum (Bordz.) Schischk.. ....-. 2... -5- 00-4204 123 2. C. platycarpum (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk. ........-.-.- 124 Genus 952. Anthriscus (Pers.) Hoffm. Section 1. Cacosciadium (Rchb.) Schischk. 1. A. nemorosa (MeB-)aSprengyoe. 2) 0.0) "es See ees Ca 127 2. Az silvestris (l.)pHotfime > << 3.505 ce ee amy eee ee 128 3. A. aemula (Woron.) Schischk.. . -. 2. -- 2 - + 2 2s ee tees 129 Xil 4 SArcvelutinal Som. et Levi) eis) iis) asic te) ee ee wt ie de yo crete 130 Se At gracile sLipskyee- arcuiewnelon «7 o8 ot ay se Miche cramer. Reel Ox ee eee 131 63. As, nitidai(Wahl)iGarckeriwl ays: i hike ie © ROMO Re Nee Ct AR 131 Section 2. Caroides Boiss. han Ae Ruprechtii OES Soper Bie Tan ata eh a, (Sa at Mae ose: Utica ae Ven Reta eS 132 S. Aj Sosnovskyi ochischk.{igy9) \auaewe = Smad. = = G6. 135 9910. 9. A. Schmalhausenii (Alb.) K.-Pol. .... 2... 2. . 2522 6.3) 135 Section 3. Cerefolium (Rchb.) Schischk. 10. A. cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. .-.---- 2.) eee ee ee. 136 ft. A. longirostris Bertol.: --.--- 6: - ++ 2+ +--+ s-5- sss eee 137 12. A; scandicina (Web.) Mansf.. ..-.---.- 2-2-5555 2.:5 5 138 Genus 953. Scandix L. Subgenus 1. Pecten (Duby) Thell. LAS: pecten Veneris | ANT IS re CMe tM Ry Hi VEN. SUE aie Uma rma ec ery Geen 141 DP SKGHersicalViahts st Rint ON ce e's Oy oh Gods gitthte Wnmmaraia Lome 141 SHES Seater rica Nes Bary NS) PEI hy ee eee ks kaka! sdibae e 142 Subgenus 2. Wylia (Hoffm.) Thell. Me Ss faleata LeOmde ec hd ee alee ak: ne Ae. wo REVERT A ek cote i eee 145 Subgenus 3. Scandicium C. Koch. Sas wstetlata. Solana: s Sis) a S00 See RRND ee eee 146 G4-S;-Aucheri: Boiss2.6. << «esd as ae. eaceeeey awk NER Re CE ea a eee 147 Genus 954. Osmorhiza Rafin. waco oa. OQ. aristata (Thunb:)*Mak. 0027} 5 os sR tee Re ee ose | Lag Genus 955. Myrrhis Mill. so Mevpdorata, (1s) Scopes) tue eis weiss ys Oo cere: “acapn Sihnes ya dy hae 150 Genus 956. Albertia Rgl. et Schm. 1 As paleacea Rol. eteSehmie Fa sects WON s oe a a ee a? 152 Genus 957. Torilis Adans. Subgenus 1. Eu-Torilis (DC.) Drude Section 1. Anthriscaria Thellung me fa | Mijapomicas(houttys DC ail iis Gucns slp Weir hw alt neem AML 154 Qo li UCFAINICA CS BEEN cialis, Nese) wid’ misiylouitenvem en Auras eee See eM ARE NOE he 156 Xill 9930. 9940. 3.7. arvensis (Huds.) Link -)-, °0-.-) =, 6 ec cee -folnaeel So: walak eoralane ht XV 187 188 191 192 193 194 195 196 196 197 197 201 202 263 207 207 208 208 209 210 9970. 9980. 9990. ie alarcan (aipsky)mkconowen elena ena 8S. ugamica: KonovWfeje§ =. <) -\%, +, =) ee a oe 97S. KorovaniteBobrs, 3.2) i) 6.55 ieee Poe ae eb ee 10. S. samarcandica Korov......-+....+..-.---. Section 2. Corymbosae Korov. 11. S. allioides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Boiss. ....... 125 Sevclauceseens "(DCS Boiss. «ier i solide See Seapolycanpaslonovceapmeun ie ey oe 14. S. hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky ......... lSegSw ferganensis Lipsky, wniciec tee ies es es 16;, S) Korshinskyi, (Lipsky) sNonovo. gue 2 eso -e gem ol) Iver osetranscaspica | Monovc.c 76m - s)he) ce eae 18. S. tschimganica Korov. -.--.-.-........- Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov. 19. S. setacea (Schrenk) Korov.. ..... ..... Genus 972. Smyrnium L. lenSeepertoliatume eon. ys ERM Cue Pe ee De SP ecorgdifolum BOSS: 4s. a. ks CONAN ale ete feuds BS cals ghey ae ees Genus 973. Smyrniopsis Boiss. levS@earmenae Schiseliken emer cnn ice -Uachise to) ae Genus 974. Danaa All. 1. D. nudicaulis (M. B.) Grossh. ........... 2. D. denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk.. . ..... . Genus 975. Conium L. Ge arrvarchualtaitiunrra ee ee SE ae es) oh iste eee ed tiie ube eT Rene Genus 976. Pleurospermum Hoffm. IeOPevaustyracumele dotime 0) (eerie ee 2: )Pamuralense Hofims i-c-5 8-0 Gf) bo et te 32°. camtschaticum Hoffimy 2 42-2): 2-12 2.) = - Genus 977. Hymenolaena DC. 1. H. pimpinellifolia Rupr... .. . 2.7) 2 2 5 3% Beiel, MAME IN 6 6 co 8 6 a a 6 6 5 9 bg 8 0 8 8 3) H. alpina Schischkt)” 7) -7 -7 9-1-8 -) 8 ee Genus 978. Eleutherospermum C. Koch 1. E. cicutarium (M. B.) Boiss... .-..-..-+-+-+--s 2s Ee lazicumeBoiss. vet) aly & oi a) oul >) peewee XVI CMPCHRRO Oe Owr. | O° 6 ey | Set ie yeh) in or Ao mnars, ay Lely wer W yeg de, eye Set Be) eee ay Stet Lon © is), elev iP ioyemre oy wh Net kee fel eh emia! oe Rela Lelie pik oy Re et) Key! \eim he? en femalsiuare Ci CCE OA OO 210 211 212 212 213 214 214 215 216 216 217 217 221 221 222 223 224 225 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 10 000. 10010. ~ ja oye oreo Saree Sor Sop ee PrP Prrrpr pe GD LS GI@i@l@ AANAA uU'v'0'U Genus 979. Au lacospermum Ldb. Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk. . anomalum Ldb.. . . . wisetense (Spreng.)*Schischks 4). 2 oo SURE eee 1-8. /darvasicum®(Hipsky)*Schischk.) >): ( By.) ele Weep. . simplex Rupr. ... . . turkestanicum (Franch.) ‘eRe Joh eh tee ena tet set Toi sent ter) Soe Nee tom Kot es: So Neh ee Schischics>. seeker. welnesteavets JA? Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk. Genus 980. T . kopetdaghense Korov. . dichotomum Korov.. . Genus 981. E . Lehmannii Bge. . . . ee tianschanieum(Norov,) (G2 Nonman) i rise es Goa te rachydium Lindl. ey la Tey wie” res jel Teh hehe Re AML Eb eliaiolMnely Ml. 0)Miretmeio) yirecahie! ieNl (ei tie oem rey, ey toy) Wey tate ele Helis new val! sok Welt wie eemtolsli tet ‘we! tol Violate ire remodaucus Bge. OMe Nel! ce elew seh se, Biel iol cere ceik Jouko Mie) Fe) ver ey ve: ‘Sect en | yer | Me Genus 982. Lecokia DC. . cretica (Lam.) DC.. . Genus 983. Hippom . microcarpum (M. B.) B. . caspium (DC.) Grossh. Mlongilobume(DE.) Bok edtscho. 2) soe oe ay ee ee a Genus 98 eiteteelenVilel server) Met (tex elu ime el Kat, [leh vietel tet ave oie) eh Riatmiy ey. re arathrum Hoffmgg. et Link Pedts chiang: piseic ernie Mee DAU aR os 4. Cachrys L. ~talpinatM SB een + ie salecnse okies Bo ode RO Cree gs Ee wmarcocarpanLdbs: «+ 3c) 28. e ns. ) ce 1 PORES. ./5. Sapaadeioae cece SherdenpRelswncy ao. Mos ec sh ets we ene TR Sayan SP ae . odontalgica Pall... . aipubescens*(Palll.)) Schischks «<0 cy ci-« c#-ss) 1) sah oak Seeeeie: uae ae Genus 985. Cryptodiscus Schrenk Genus 986. . acaulis (DC.) Bornm. . . ferulacea (L.) Lindl. . . tschimganica B. Fedtsch . isphairamica B. Fedtsch j ahima@alillng y@e oo 615 oo 6 6 8 6 6 oO ee oe oO 6 8 Oe 8 6 . didymus (Rgl.) Korov. veicachroides:, Schremkey pst oo cee rss Be eee eh eu Seki le . arenarius Schischk.. . oie ie}, eh fe fet Mie] Sey hey Galea he? lee ees cotBie: ici Ke iets’ Wa oi sken mies ser lel! sep kiteln Neu eps lel (ey Keli leR cel sven ce ieee. cate, Te Prangos Lindl. Oke oleh glen ide eo) te: , ele: vie te). ew) Rio pateye Vom el eet cophic pe eae) pe) (gifeh, Ste, fey te) ve. fel) ie: Uae @ pei iel oxeluM jel usolege:\;icewie! Yo fore te for poy teng Ney ter, te 1s) leh Risk erpyey edwiereaieryiem je: cody ‘oe, Ge a me ey ely Ole tes 0) be) epee Mee well © wield Mes Geuwichi ue) efee fe XVil 241 242 243 243 244 245 246 249 250 252 253 254 257 257 258 259 259 260 261 262 263 265 265 266 267 10020. 10030. 10040. — VuyvuVvy UU yD WDWWWWWWNWW WWD DaWwwhw . arcis-romanae Boiss. et Huet -.......... py bucharica ba edtsch.. = 9). -ui-) ican ener Fwuloptera ©. 6s 6) ee so ah ee) (ele Lipsky Korev. - = =. +, «4 « + seeieee teenie « . lophoptera Boiss. =.) = -))-, -yyt-weeh eee) ree .) pabulariay Lindley = 42 aed hy ee ee saravschanica (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov. .... . Eucylindroecarpasoxova yas octane . Fedtschenkoi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Korov...... . latilobag Noro macaed ay che. 6 Sie) Stee Gi eseek oeems Tribe 5. Hohenackerieae Calest. Genus 987. Hohenackeria Fisch. et Mey. . exseapa (Stev.) K.-Pol.. . 2. . - . 208 2) Rte Genus 988. Bupleurum L. Subgenus 1. Diatropa (Dumort.) K.-Pol. Section 1. Laevia (Briq.) K.-Pol. Section 2. Rugosa (Briq.) K.-Pol. = laneifolium, Hornéme 6s oa Gk Alesana en Subgenus 2. Bupleurotypus K.-Pol. Section 1. Eubupleurotypus K.-Pol. Subsection 1. Archaeopleurum Lincz. longiradiatumelunez. e-oie-l-iye ge a Cee ere eusachalinensesk Schmidt.) cia) y cy ou acl cen ane: BRAS Chaise. ig oa ieneisiacoilics wll tale told on oh ay ak ee abchasicummMandent) ay =) yous ann notes one / Jaureume Bischw. sleares Sc) ek oc Cate Rae eee Mtmiultineny.e yD Gites: S65 Fe ah eee ly ch pees ie . longiinvolucratum Kryl.. ..-.-.-.+-+-+-+-+.- . guiczense O. et B. Fedtsch. .-..-.-+-+.-.--. > triradiatum Adams®* oe os 6 Re = densiflorummkupra fee eee n nae eee Reewneen S Nordmannivanumieled been einen neem ern ; Sibiricum Vest... co slate 6 ies ae? Subsection 2. Arpopleurum Lincz. 5 faleatumele Hee ies biyes Bok cierd cok Reem ane RRS oh ac 7 polyphyllum dba). +. 605 nee een ‘“polymorphum® Albi 20-0 +2154) <3 +s eeeeney ote ne . Sosnovskyi Manden. .----+----+.- ++: XVill ey. 70.) (eu ‘ey Mey | velute fel, Ger) fe) late | oie vere we Oe tire ee va Bie, aire Neher s fey oe eC! on tf GO 6.9) Jaf. fe) W Aet Ate haronmte, une OO) ice 5 ‘votunditolium: Lis) Ree ke eee SR Sh roel oy) Aa eee EP oOWAtEMANMT Steve 6. os etet et heen ae votiaMusim eee Ces oidy Kejmets) pate Ve) Bis: Bie: og AO tae) Bag ome 267 268 268 269 269 270 271 271 272 275 274 283 285 286 310 312 313 314 10050. 10060. 10070. Dees Os uO ace On tin BO” 3 fo. nD oh te” Fal Vee toh well tte! Bet. Aelaete oy ey jel a> Rar” Fal hey Sret yeh md, eT Te) Nietate Tiatee ee Wee DARE mS oy) tiaaes WU wee (Rhy 78) seu) Bt 8 hn Oe ced Jom ee Tm Sa Yim tec OP: Se? (heist Ua ies yt) The OA nen Hees ee) 4, A ee tb) Ciel, 0 GB) eer, eer 8s Must eae: foi Wats Nel tot, Mex Wei Menuire: fe. “ie Ohi Osteo low die fo Cor Sp Ow 60s O90 Voce sO. (6 oN daly, Geb Kial ys fot, eel d Moya vow ys ieil Ae 20. B. Krylovianum Schischk. ........... Zien Bacezimganteumipleinez-e-) 6) isi eee 22. B. badachschanicum Lincz.. .......... 23. B. Komarovianum Lincz.............- 24. B. scorzonerifolium Willd... ......... 25) IB. bicauleridtelm™ vlc icy eae ee ea Ae IS ae 26.) Be pusillum) Keryl:)- web - eee ee ee Bn 27. Be vexaltatum™ Me Bis ies. ot ee Oe eee ET 28. B. Woronowii Manden. ............ 295Be Martianovil Kyle) ee ee 30. B. tianschanicum Freyn’. -..-....:.. 31. B. Koso-Poljanskyi Grossh. .......... Section 2. Tenorea (Spreng.) K.-Pol. Subsection 1. Coriacea (Godr.) K.-Pol. 32. Bevthuticosum, Li. ss) es eee Eke Subgenus 3. Agostana (S. F. Gray) K.-Pol. Section 1. Graminea Boiss. Subsection 1. Leiocarpa Lange S3o5b Gerardi Alle cheeks ee re ts PRA ok EL ee! 34. B. commutatum Boiss. ............. 35%, Bewatfine: Sadi? 6.% ot “Sew. Eases S56... 20% 36; B.Boissieri Post‘: ‘:.°s Wei.) aeiqumea. 98 37. B. brachiatum C. Koch ............ 38.) Be) pauciradiatumenz) ) yy -4 5-8) a4 koe eae 39°) B.casperuloides’ Meldri. 2%. 0.7. 7 Ke, a Subsection 2. Trachycarpa Lange 40: By itenuissimum. 3)... hee ket Se Oe ee 41. B. Marschallianum C. A. M........... AZ DrglaucumpRob: ct Cast) (ics iene cee Section 2. Glumacea Boiss. AS abs aentgma:K.=Polis sida vaio aes) fs) sy oe ete ea oe Genus 989. TriniaHoffm. Subgenus 1. Eutrinia (Baill.) Drude Section 1. Leptopus Schischk. ieetcpolyclada ochischk..)- 0.) 4 5 om ote - 2 ileucrainicarSchischke 4 2) 4 ania one 3. T. multicaulis (Poir.) Schischk. . ...... Si? 4. T. Stankovii Schischk. ....... Bx, tit XIX 315 316 318 319 320 322 323 324 327 329 330 331 333 334 337 338 339 340 341 343 344 345 346 348 351 351 352 352 GIN Cor [leer Mile Mil | > > > Section 2. Pachypus Schisechk. PD hispidaublotints (js 4, «5 2a) = 2 2 1 eee cee a ee 355 . muricata Godet - ee rere ee fee oe ee eee 356 » Feiogons (C..A. M.} By Fedtseh, - . - piel nei loncome ie ORE 357 ee Kestasbelit Ns oBicie se eco ser sa ok A ee 357 Genus 990. Rumia Hoffm. ss oaitinifolta ules) 4G Pol., a0 3 ty eh oe eel se Genus 991. Ledebouriella Wolff seseloides (Hofttm.) Welfis 43 sao baie = oe oe a eee 362 s multiflora (udb.) WOME o.6 6 ae) ae a coe out) 2) eee 362 Genus 992. Ormepterum Schischk. . turcomanicum (Korov.) Schischk, ........2.2.-4...2.- 363 Genus 993. Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey. i) Calliearpa Fischi#et Méeys tm etn) 2.1. 2020S. 2. 2s Se ee 364 Genus 994. Aphanopleura Boiss. » trachysperma Boiss.. - - 2 - + 2 2 6 - meet ep ei shenaye « Be 366 . leptoclada (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Lipsky -.------+....- 365 . capillifolia (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky- .......-...... 367 Genus 995. Froriepia C. Koch s subpinndtayG@e db.) Bailes. $50 epee, eas 21S) 368 Genus 996. Girne Le pe CRMMINUMUGL A Me, oie. oes a 2s an re Se rE MD hgramedlensaledcuns. Mielec +. cs ies Ok bi ne) 2 ey cee 37] Genus 998. Helosciadium Koch . Noditlonums (ES Wochees ys 4e% a, Bee meee ine 2 eye ee 372 Genus 999. Petroselinum Hoffm. S COAG NNN Soe ee clea eltohG So oo Bp oe ¢ oe: Sete 374 2S AO mm umielin” Wee Sees bo Ge Ske ho ee ee See a 375 XX Genus 1001. Cicuta L. MEG Mei rOSatnre ee ere iy Gece ammiat ean amare STM Tit ta ai eli ay 376 Genus 1002. Trachyspermum Link A Tauimi Ua.) Ophague: qs nw) pe Comer Pe SOW Ee tier ne oer 379 Genus 1003. Cry ptotaenia DC. lt Ce Blahaultip(Wiorona)pheaeols «sce f+ sl ven so vey oe te cele ae es 380 Genus 1004. Ammi L. Section 1. Visnaga Pers, IWeAt cisnagale, iam. o/s oy cee talon sy ve baptena? pe ea Genus 1005. Falcaria Bernh. say 1. F. sioides (Waby)BASchersc 4° 25) Bi te shah ee ao ete 383 10100. 2. F. falcarioides (Bornm. et Wolff) Wolff ..........-+40.. 384 Genus 1006. Carum L. Ce Cavite le i) vi ay een ae eM cE PRN ae, | 86 2. C. porphyrocoleum (Freyn et Sint.) Woron. .......-.-.2.-.--, 388 Sauce alpinum (My...) Benth. the te 8 ty A RD, Oe 2 | SBS ANE. SURICONUTI ALG h aps ir tie Malka he Se Me ait, le en np Un Nines 391 Der ANOMAPOVIN NOE IGGY Keone in te Re ta Ge hy Ma Sos ee EN Sears en eee ne RTF 392 Gras caucasicun (MB!) Boiss? =.teut hae ty se eee tegen enn era Ee 393 oe rmelfoliume( Mists.) OISSh: fos. ce Sa Gener Goal ee AM e eee ye eae 394 SC. Grossheimiioehischkaia) 4 ine gh Lael. = Aesinde. os 3 2567894 . Ome. atrosanguineum) twars et Kare c) o)\. cries) Fon eis es ay a ee 395 PoInOMAOl Ce huriaticum ‘Turcz, "oh. ui heke Set) CR) Gab pena tM NRG Ih: shee 395 Genus 1007, Bunium L. Section 1. Elwendia (Boiss.) Wolff IRB: oypsaceum) KOroveoic, ais. i eel eNO lg 8k ag A eee edne ee 398 2. B. vaginatum Koroy.. ... . SE se ioe sO UNNI 399 3. B. chaerophylloides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Drude. ......,.+.-.-- 400 Section 2. Bulbocastanum (Adans.) DC. APebrs Capusia(rranchs) (NOrove. sits (cos ok! sh hte (ooh rout en ahh catenin claie 401 5, 8B. elegans (Fenzl)iFreyn.tite. scien. 2 Bee. 402 One Brapaucitoliumilo cy se, vom ih sso es seston nia tee sels nieces (es, seeueagmrealipsee 403 eas ANGFENN ICOFOV es. RT Neer ena ee ee POR Met, died ROS CVE, 38 404 S7S-_persicumy(Doiss-).b: hedtscha. «= ti aes om enen aor 404 9; BigsaravschanicuimsWOrOVs 1) i. © ep wo MAM PRAMAMIEIE Sy 7. 2s 405 HOO LO: B.,intermedium, Korove. 4.) 6.206) ee eae oa bo RE ORO 8 at 405 We Be hissaricum! Worova wes one de ye ee eo eA) Pe PIM 0. PRE ne, 2 406 XX1 12 By -scabrellumimimorove 606) sate aie) ea aaa ely ae tT ales, ee 407 IS Beferulaceumoibth: ‘et Sm. o 8 1 Se ee ea 407 142 Bewlongipes Prey me sl. kd oe Sar ON SRR Re ee 408 152) B. kihitanel 'Nevskits % Bp a ae Bae Cb ee ane es eee 409 16> Be Bourgae ((Boiss-)) Freyn-et Sint, 2 2). ae ee 409 17. Bi shadghysit Moray. "sei oe ie ale og, bbe cel 410 18. B. eylindricunt (Boiss. et oh?) Drude. G5 0) a 411 Genus 1008. Zeravschania Korov. l. Z. Regeliana Korews., 2.0 Ga oa teil igs Beh. 20 412 Genus 1009. Hy menolyma Korov. 10N30. I.cH. trichophyllum (Schrenk) Korov....,...). eed.).)) See 413 2. Hl. buplettordes (Schréenk)iKorayi® a .eoiaann wy oa) eee 414 Genus 1010. Seselopsis Schischk. Te Se tiansthaineliine Sehisehk? ha mee om wees Ati aleve iol cnn grant 415 Genus 1011. Mure tia Boiss. Section 1. Eumuretia Korov. IeM. Iutea, (M. B.)eBoiss. <2 nas ios segue ROR ay ue 416 2M. tyanscaspica KoroVs on ony oe es ls a ope 417 354M. ‘transitoriawKorov. es. une w yousigs 0 3) apeiie hy Eh annie 417 4. M. oeroilanica Korov. ........ iad £5 BO) cei gdepeao ene 418 Section 2. Galagania (Lipsky) Korov. 3. /M. fragrantissima (Lipsky) Ka-Pol.) . 3. «qaqa olin ee 418 Genus 1012. Korshinskya Lipsky I. K."Olgae (Rel Met iSchmathy)Wipsky® 1. > Pieters a) ne ene 420 2... K..-bupleutoides Korov.. 20's hes Ale i Os A 420 Genus 1013. ChamaesciadiumC. A.M. 1OI40> let Chevacaule (M-)B.)(Boisse 2) 1. 1a <, 6) ai ys 421 Genus 1014. Pimpinella L. Subgenus 1. Tragoselinum (Mill.) Schischk. L.. Poosaxiiraga, Ls eit ok al eee 4 inotgen JA 427 2: Pridissécta:Retz.. 25 cc 2 sc Audie A heel Ei eee ee 428 3. P., Thellangiana Wolff. ... 2 0... 2) aeeeede eee eee ee 429 4. P. rhodantha’ Boiss?4:4 :Vy. 2.4.) aaa k eee eee 430 5. P{nudicaulis! Trautys .: . ss. «a bake oe eee 430 OmPemayor™ (Ik) sbhudsers. 2) 1) 25/0) fe aie epee nn ee Smt 431 XXI 10170. 9. 10150. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15), 16. Wile 18. 19. 10160. 20. Pall ip wON as} ae) 5s a2) (ae) Ge) Ae) Ms) Se) ae) 9) Iae] uU'U'U . peucedanifolia Fisch... ..- - CRS H.-C ate 2, Cane AMAnthKISCOIMeS® BOISSsan. 1 Soe do Na ee ee et en ae Subgenus 1. Tragium (Spreng.) Rchb. Section 1. Eutragium (Wolff) Schischk. MetitanopiiilamW oro. cele) ollie eens melas ce sie ; Ptomiophylia (Woron.)) Stanke, = &_ 2 4 > 2. Eone- Spec emEiN- ue - daghestamicamSehischky = uma) 2) a) ayo) aah Meum: ee Ndaetiakht, Sear ee eee ee SE NS peta eel, Ps Grossheimii Schischk. ............2.-. GO TILUS AeEOROTIA Meee sak ee ot ip So gtaMr HotU el cert (an Goutal Lurcomanicabochischk= = > = ; = -gHios!) > che : ML GEVINO VAM CHISOHK. ki RG LR AR NB caus BP Section 2. Tragiella Schischk. Section 3. Anisoides Schischk. Section 4. Polyeladum Schischk. Mramosa Sehischik:s cht chow bbe eee ouclin Ph aman a be ee Genus 1015. Anisum Gaertn. PavuloaneGaentnin cia) a cece ace nee ee Genus 1016. Reutera Boiss. Genus 1017. Albovia Schischk. Genus 1018. Aegopodium L. sopockmramen Is tebe > co Sle eo ol 6 | Sera eis es Det io lint ard | ~ latifolium, Jiunczor, 2 tan eee hi ad pd UP nase: Aitadzhikonum: Sehischiks aac ore. bo Gael ell = = pralpestresldb: Sus esses ye 5, > 3 tee Rtetees oe A . brachycarpum (Kom.) Schischk. - - .----.- .- XXIII Searo mati Gas Me Mic cate a Ohne ce ER. ag S00 Ao de th) BRAUER ERAMRRT Mereeeet RA a Pataurican(ldb.)poteude iy ie Wace we ro nner relic lo ye utnic at tinis: La bicesn eek sec ements ite Seal. SRT oe ae e Aepubexulam(DCs)sBoissii tree le) ayers conc puraice ne METTLE TAME CHS CH aah ceri eke tray RED ere clic Droop heal ay HE NG cas nice meWorshimsicyilSehisahike myers cura cr ne gi yo) ca Sanea (DEA Ones whe) 6 Saas a oe oe BE IE hi ahaa ees BOB GBGO Vi WOON aa ae) ecco LU Ceeayl re) A eee cuabece ape geeins . tripartita (Kalenicz.) Schisehk. . . - 27. + 5 2 ew we ee 432 432 436 436 437 437 438 438 439 439 440 440 44] 441 442 443 444 444 445 449 449 450 452 456 456 457 457 Genus 1019. Sium L. Section 1. Eusium Engl. 50S Sala trfo lime tee ices ee as: se, GAA se ase eat Olt ale SR eee ee 459 Dat Mis wavie MW al tetrad 5 ic ae a ge see ee 460 Si JS). StenueuIcome eats Cy See ee ae Se as ee ee eee ea ee 463 Section 2. Sisarum (Mill.) DC. Qu 'S.«sisaroideseDG:, .o emis Ses 2 Re , GATS ©). ETO are 463 5. S.sisarum Li cs 6 eb oe ee ee Ss 2 SG eet 464 6277S). medium Fisch.wetuMeye 3 23 eg 3 5 2 40s Eee 465 Genus 1020. Berula Koch 1OISOas 1: B.ferectat(Huds:) «Covilles <:® “econ 3 2.) o SORES. Se 466 2. 1B. worientalisw Woronte beatae 3 eae 65, 2 Oe ee ee 467 Genus 1021. Crithmum L. aC esmanitimumyls is Weeteeie Wass OO Gee en te ce, en 468 Genus 1022. Stenocoelium Ldb. iotS athamantoides (Me Bijgludbe. ts. oro ee ag. ee 470 2.49 “trichocarpuntochrenk, s 2 = 40 4 6 -. © 2. s0n ees eee Genus 1023. Libanotis L. Section 1. Eriotis DC. fs 1. “buchtormensisa(Fisch:)e@DGC. 3.4 3 a ee ee ee 473 Section 2. Eulibanotis DC. 2; i. intermedia Rupr. 6 ag) Shoes, Us SE A oe Se 474 Sulesatranscaucasicamochisehks 94 4 fl sos se ene 415 45 Le Yamurensisuschischkiaiacdiet. 5 ee A Sd Oe) See 476 5) 91. Smombaniaw Grantee sauiess ies at wi. ae A et 477 101902" "6.7. seseloides: (Fisch. ictiMey:)i furez.% Oe) BURURE 207 eee 477 he, News Sehrenkianay Cai Aie Mice as. cece) oe ss ei see Sie einen 478 hich (ce) CAM we ae ee ee 479 9. Le teondensata4(le;) kCrantze. lc oon ako ee eee ee 480 10, E-“dolichostylavSchisehks 4.70) aas03) ses 28 lemon ee 480 Section 3. Pseudolibanotis Schischk. IE esetiferan(Morova)iSehischk. 1. =) es Suen nee oe eae 481 12. Extcalycina*Korov.< “F0< foes soe ee oe ee ee oe ene 482 Section 4. Schultziopsis Schischk. 13; "Le raonstrosa (Willd DC. : 6% 2. 2% eee Saal eee 483 XX1V 10200. 10210. 10220. 10230. OPN ATR Wy NANNNNNNANANUNNUNUNUNUNNUNUUnRUUHVHUNURUNNNUNUnNRURNAURUnNAUNUnNUnNUWnMYW ANNNMNN Nunn Genus 1024. Seseli L. Section 1. Euseseli DC. estrictumdbay 1 =: 4 Ariki lh et oo 6 5 . varium Trev... . . . grandivittatum (Somm. et Lev.) Schischk.. ........... . Pallasii Bess... . . ppeucedanoides)(M- Bs) ake Pols er ee ee . elegans Schischk. . . glabratum Willd... . . petraeum M. B. . . . gummiferum Pall.. . . Lehmannii Degen. . . ponticum Lipsky . . . campestre Bess. . . > Pemetracliemim Selmigehik, co 5 oe 06600056 0 elo Bo 6 8 9 . arenarium M. B. . . ‘peucedanifoliume@Spreng.)) Dessai-m sr) na ee SwAndroniakivowlOroner tke See A eh: PET Gira. i Bde . leptocladum Woron. . eriocarpum (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch . incanum (Steph.) B. . Abolinii (Korov.) Schischk . songoricum Schischk . Lehmannianum (Bge. RE tur binatumlsKOrOVec- cece fer cer rnc ce me heats aman Sowa carol etucee ea acre . fasciculatum Korov. . Korovinii Schischk. . tenuisectum Rgl. et . iliense (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky . giganteum Lipsky . Meaemulansy MeiPope semi) 1 sien om Mee iene goes sci aed . squarrosum Schischk SNAKES WN Gleaag¢ 6 3 Oo BD of lang. 6) oo Seo cue to 8 old en ene) ier fecence Trek elo werty tel cel veh fet. er einen Met ce) (elma)! 1e:. Ne ae Pee te. [ewe eo) en delete jolie: es Jie) ee) Veitme? @ , 8)) yer “ASL eine eo} Let, es ier 70>) Revs ge com lope fel uw sey “elsiie\ire:t ie) Wels) je ifeg Rely ties, ale Oey ete! | Def el, sei) Wel ole) (ey iio’ emennatete cele Met coh; cel inet Snepk lets. Jeli nie Aus, Sp epee: hea ktev. Ne! \'e- ie. | ses Telltale) Me csigyie: .fere tie: -jeld Wieth Nie) en). 4(s sy) Wetey ney Wey, met Yen Vien Netpiies Mer ij lesmne\ fel mmten ) veh (e2 ~Jey) Niel eiel | fe) Vue) oye or emge, (Vert Me, “e\\eset prot) tuel) iersive “7ae\) | Were Keele) celnimey, ely el Tiveds. (s) | eis. wy deta else Yer)" re. | Jey sie" le N en oe oue) Wonk Memabere el Liem as!) lel 0 lel Seis), ve eo: Aer ire! elie: elm cel Ahlen joi sel iiemrive,, “lel § lena fer) lele Wey: cls otenulel slop | Ce FRGGbS clhicies a ets Coie ER SUN Darna eo Secdlae hae an VISES. 6 oo ololle SUSle eM ie & eo oto 6 op Wnevh ter Greps ief toreete; chore ew! cols rork lotns ielgvell -jeta dor) del ase! ey sil sels say. i are) Schintallhiteeass poate, ce aetcwre eens parece Section 2. Hippomarathroidea DC. 5 Infsmomerratinetim ace. 0 6 5 00 0 oe oo ee ee . Ledebourii G. Don . Alexeenkoi Lipsky . dichotomum Pall. . . rupicola Woron. . . karatavicum Schisch Gi idlet levy sell otet Meh je) tebet'iet) vey ete ion, Tory Teg! join cok ce) sieth! er, tone tejeuilepumve, Ole Cement equ yet Ueeum iow Miey" | Nom MietRStomitier. ott re.) af) je) ney Vai Col wey i oreleh se) hace: k. Cake o: SCs OOM. SOF WOMEN Ge miCHEO" 0p Ode SON OS Omi” Came Section 3. Lomatopodium (Fisch. et Mey.) Schischk. . cuneifolium M. B. . jomuticum Schischk. . platyphyllum (Schrenk) O. et B. Fedtsch.........-+-.-., . eriocephalum (Pall.) Chen Ofnrche FO. Oe DP ele ty) OM TOS WOrmusCie RC HEI Dent VElnT Sonat eal eesCa WO Ch fees aut) OL Yeh ce) emer ie? | 6) Seley ethene ee feet ce) Rey leh) le jester Men (pay lope veulie ahr S eh eee i came eran Geter sc on ead coy asru ata XXV apie) i nlelnisec/ uel sot, ~eifakey fet ell) fe: Jie) Jellies cele teluiie eee ey Mel Mellie] wieys ney cneh Hers sles -hdal- Nei ers) te; Toye Jet “ey i teumuete eh ve) suns. 489 490 491 491 492 495 495 496 497 497 498 499 499 500 501 502 502 503 503 504 505 505 506 507 507 508 509 509 510 511 511 512 513 513 514 514 515 515 516 517 Sl 518 Section 4. Macrostylopodium Schischk. 10240:. 43S; {coronatum (Edby ees f.00 a vas Me ee 519 44° S. asperulum (Trautv.) Schischk.. = 3.5 2% 2 Sh) ogden, oe 520 AS® oS" fsessilitlorum. Schrenk-o:5. 4 oo to 3 On Ae eee ie 520 Section 5. Erioscias Schischk. 46, S. macrophyllum@Rgl. et Schmalha es cy ken > ou ee 523 Section 6. Pseudosilaus Schischk. AT, .S\. toliosum (Somm:,et) Lev.)) Manden.-) 31.) a. cae) a) oe 524 Genus 1025. Sphenocarpus Korov. lt Sieryngroides Korovs 3 5 5 2 4 46 fos 3) eee eee line: Ry 525 Genus 1026. Oenanthe L. Section 1. Oenanthe verae Koch Ie Oes pimpinelloides (Ly... pssst yy i en ee 530 2iOeciFistulosawls uate isc 15 ise cyccyuch Bae cua obls) Mecue eRe sen ete 531 SOE. silaitolia Ms UBs os in so he Be eke De eee ee ce Oa 532 AN (Oehahetérococcal Moro ie rio hs ees ce reete oe acer ee 533 _ 102505 StOex hedtschenkoanavi.-Pol) (2 25 a usce > as 0 eee 533 6. Oe. longifoliolata Schischk..* % . 5s 3 6 24. a=) Ue nn 534 7 Oex abchasicay Schischkw: 2.5 kaco Awes © =e os 2 8 el eee 534 8. Os., banatioa Heufficd a 2 sce sé oe ee ee eo 535 DOs Sophiae Schischk.. = ay-) 4 mee) ee) 536 Section 2. Dasyloma (DC.) Benth. et Hook. 10) (Oe. decumbens’ (Thunb-) K:=Polt 97> <2 ee ee 535 Section 3. Phellandrium (L.) C. Koch. ........ 537 Ik Oc. gaquaticay(e Ror... 2 (2 20 eos tae eo ee ee 537 Genus 1027. Aelhusa L. IVA aoynapiumy, Ligier bias a ie i a ns eae ae ah a ea 539 Genus 1028. Schultzia Spreng. LeiSehs crinita (Ball); Spreng...) ee eee 540 2. Sch. albifloray(Wars etakir.)) Me Ropace: =.) -e te) ene 541 Genus 1029. Foeniculum Mill. 10260, Fe. valganes Mile 3.2 2.) ek oe ok eee et ne eso 542 Genus 1030. Silaus Bernh. he ShBessert DCM pohly Re ene tee etek ee ac 546 2. S: pratensis (Crantz) Bess... .: 3.2 oe te ee 546 XXVI Set Sem RUbEZOVE CSC HISC IK ei cuits cao es ines Leet Oger cl gl Ue ky ie Oak 547 Si Ropovil) Korovi nim ne Sk Rn Re, SVS MER ak 548 Genus 1031. Cnidium Guss. 1 eredahurrcume (acqn)i: hurezeycr nck seals CARRS Gp pr el a ee 550 Dr CeemulGreau le Gat ag ts: tis 2 eae ba ogee tp ae StS ater. kage ae 551 SE Cemcmiadikoliumm@lurcz.) ESChiSGhket aia oce wma | yeti Ue aa 552 AP Grudubrumucocnicuhr) 0 neltes caus cei. oc) Ga awe ba Oe eee Oana ne 552 Dro Orssalinuimnlune zc. kar es. ote wa kan iem op Gals, ca ee ry Maney. MIE Ig se nee 553 feenOmesOs Cc. ajyanense: (Rolle lilk) Drude... | eo) ee al wk 554 Hee CrvOnientale sBOiSS! os. sn 6 woe ea) Cae Crs gL), ee eam Ny Dea te ele ait 557 Seen Grossheimin Mande. wis ae en sete. a) oat eeten eee een Ee ee ne 558 Jae. paucikadivatumy Somm,. et) Levan... eae... amas en 558 OMG Monier (ey) (Gusset ce ae Aa eee ates CA mere he eee 559 Genus 1032. Selinum L. MPI SrMICATVALOITA Wiig mild ee aol Race eR Aah Ue Ca hea beer 560 PRES GUI ASS OMAN KC OFON AN gels Masds Ge ptoliaa yA ML a) oats ach tc ee Baie eae 561 SMOMetianschaniCumpMOrov yi py Seema! levi wae RP a, ok ES Se ye es 562 Ae SeeRhopoviil(Worove)\ Schischka. 3) sc gee a ucla eae 563 Genus 1033. Hyalolaena Bge. lee Eleaiaxanticasb oer. Wor xiii sce! a | ee ee cede pO oh ay Ox bevallen eee 564 POOR) ee uldedepauperata, Morov.,. (buco i se ice ae we tat ele) a Se eee es 565 GeibitepaniculatacWono vise when ay he een eet ra tec at 2 iol beanie a) 565 AMEE Theme olllitma ora Venu sii tk cies ola yee ee ret IE AS Nene rt ae LIRA Se 565 Genus 1034. Ligusticum L. Subgenus 1. Haloscias (Fries) Drude PME SCOLNC UIE n etd Malactertaiia: ioe Nese VS NE yah Ps ICS ee cial otic Pe Maney ae eae 568 Qe METUILENII Pernice sitiaite er keoe: tes iy aiid Plaine ural tte ten) tel in Law YAN a ova he 569 Sole epunpureopetalum Wom son's lye teal ce ats) era ch ean eh vt sees 569 AM era Tat ae OAM De ae cn apeysh cheers uktcd ete evan BURNS, Wag oa! Mou on et Pitmey eet eas 570 Subgenus 2. Euligusticum Drude Sub valatume(Me Bre Spren@ursts ae) scr sine er he Rupees Slo tallied ferme rynuelts 571 Gels physospermuitolnume Albee 2 loo) pAteyo.tee owen lonley wl bike be sem ue 571 Paleat dits colored bi miydeics eeia veeioanennalna as laa dse gad etme! Gis Ley ins te teas is 572 NPA), So Ge Taal orien (Meares) Talo 6 os 56 6 oc G99 db 5 cud 5 © 6 573 Subgenus 3. Mutellina Thell. Oma lesamutel lima (ee) CGrantezqen 1 asco aren ula) once alien) acu ethene aed temo 573 HO The Cateaskenin Soni, Ge TGS hs) aos Be ote oi oo boa ogc! tay 6 Hae 574 11. 12. SS UU TG 10298. 1. Subgenus 4. Pachypleuroides Schischk. a PUM KOEOV., Gee) el else, ol de 7 sdreat sae ee . Fedtsehenkoanum Schischk.. ... 2... 1... ee ee ee eee Genus 1035. Pachy pleurum Ldb. . alpinum Ldb.. ....... By el ee Neh suifrat larcstag a tac ota inee . mucronatum (Schrenk) Schischk. .............2.2.4-. . gayoides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Schischk.. ............. Genus 1036. Cenolophium Koch wBischert: (Spreng) NoCh ) locd © l@) ele) ny oc apis ne XXVI11 575 576 579 581 582 583 PREFACE Volume XVI comprises the Araliaceae and a large part of the Umbelliferae, the former described by A.I. Poyarkova, the latter by B.K. Shishkin, E.P.Korovin, I. A. Linchevskii, E.G. Bobrov, and B. A. Fedchenko. Most of the genera of Umbelliferae are treated by B.K. Shishkin. This volume includes a key to all the genera of Umbelliferae of the USSR, which takes into account the anatomical characters of their fruits. The Umbelliferae were extremely difficult to describe as many species and especially those of Central Asia were described from incomplete material, often without the ripe fruits being available. The generic status of some plants could therefore not be established satisfactorily. In any case,as far as the Umbelliferae are concerned the flora of Central Asia has not yet been adequately studied. The next volume (XVII) includes a key to the genera of Umbelliferae based on superficial characters, without reference to the anatomy of the fruits. Editorial Board : f Gera tok Pe shag teaied aut Jt We Regt ALE <4) P slptwien CH ne as eae ed rea : ir voaiencemiatbunen (Senaliall ‘Bihtbetihy: pee va, De Tao at gat evokes TR yt: at, Seta} ‘Sidibb, Bi yt hia mT ipo to tieq sptal « tus spenetiorl fer i ing hie et. / ie yetial an: .geodmeyeee.. Based by dtnome Rn earerol Bey vs il remanet Dire wwoadot! ).0 titevedani? ALL aiveiod A. | Se et a ‘ei ietitemiisitonss HMA Yo wreaey el To tool re: | to genes adit Lis'of yous Bobplonh srusloy Rant le he Ipoimotans 4} Inveoss otek patat Hatd we Pet: sett ee an ¢ eet thaw ; {oo eboogs Yana as odlbusaeh of Sleotthib ylemerts> ofa oetoe is na *stoalgn ese covey) boediioaal +rew 2feA Truss te cmos 4 aussie ohronsy aft - sidslinvse gnked estos? Saly otf vaorktiw ¢ mi he i Sl. wlietosietice badalidgias od ion Solaeitt hives ¢ I tye eta Ue Fe Legina to — at bowrsanels 218 suriotitiocalty only tap oh -bolbule yar : saryttit acters {oar sag adit co yet @ asbylont GYR) ie hee" peor gmotens on) of asaniates tuhdtiw .eelsetmis bate 1» ee a ey ~ oil) Bae Lelarkhs 1 Order 30. Umbelliflorae BARTL. Flowers cyclical, with calyx and choripetalous corolla, calyx often abortive, with inferior ovary, 4-5-merous, usually bisexual; carpels 1—5 or many, each with 1 (rarely with 2) drooping inverted ovules, with 1 in- tegument; seeds with copious endosperm; flowers usually in umbels, rarely inflorescence different. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. Family CXVIII]. ARALIACEAE* VENT. Flowers regular, bisexual or polygamous, usually 5-merous, rarely 3 to multi-numerous; calyx with small teeth or inconspicuous fringe; leaves small, with valvate aestivation or overlapping at margins; stamens 5, rarely 2 to many, filaments filiform, anthers ovoid, opening by longi- tudinal slits; ovary usually inferior (rarely semiinferior or superior), 2—5(6)-locular (rarely multilocular), 1 ovule in each cell, drooping, inverted, recurved above, with ventral suture and 1 integument; styles 2—5(6), free or more or less adnate to tube; stylopodium conical or flat- pulvinate; fruit 1tomulti-merous, usually 2—5(6)-locular, berry-like or drupaceous, sometimes separating into individual cells; exocarp fleshy, rarely coriaceous, endocarp cartilaginous, coriaceous or sclerotic; seeds often flattened, with developed smooth or plicate endosperm usually with small apical embryo. Trees, shrubs, climbing lianas or perennial herbs, sometimes prickly; deciduous or perennial, with alternate or opposite Simple, entire, lobed, also palmately or pinnately compound leaves; stipules adnate to petioles or absent. Flowers usually in umbels or heads, solitary or inflorescence compound. There are about 60 genera and 450 species which are mainly tropical with emphasis on Indo- Malaya and tropical America. Some genera are indigenous to temperate East Asia and North America. Hedera alone grows in Europe. Key to Genera Lo. ILbGanves siisajallers Tiare) oie Modell ois o clots Go ClO lolouono iG old 6 alana oes oe ILEENWV OS jOevlenevelhy Ose jonah; Wormnjowiacl “HG soe ob do 5 Foto OO 5) 2. Leaves palmatilobate, with prickles along nerves; stem and branches densely covered with acicular prickles; umbels in oblong COMNjOOWIAG! PACEMNE 6 4565656000000 W335) Hehinepanax Dene. et) Planch. * Treatment by A.I.Poyarkova. oF Leaves not prickly, stems and branches without prickles or with large lamvellate prickles vat DASE. x ide ese er erate aes aie tee ei otc a an 3. Climbing liana, without prickles; leaves entire or 3—5-lobed, with SUMAN MMPS ooo BD OR oO Ola OO ob oo eo OOO oS 932. Hedera L., + Small trees; leaves 5—9(11) palmatilobate with dentate margin ..... 4. Leaves coriaceous, perennial; stems without prickles; umbels of iON eIesS) al Olollorars FOENANICIE G65 6505046566600 * Fatsia Dene. et Planch it Leaves herbaceous, deciduous; stem and branches with large prickles; umbels inidensie, nearly telobullard cory mal) een ae eee She Mraieat coh aeMer So (ay sa) ner ie oo enaItNe eT tle. vat Ue eMMchy < uraa cork cee Meus 936. Kalopanax Mig a. lkeavies palmatelyscomipowmdiy hice Well sey ic) i oe oP Leaves imparipinnately compound; tall perennial herbs, trees or shrubs) umbels intpaniclenacgely im cacemlem an... enews 937. Aralia L. 6. Low herbaceous plants, the simple stem terminated by one umbel; leaves im Uo wioormls imetntr PaCl 36 65605 o ooo oOo oo 938. Panax L. + Shrubs,with black frugts. .. ie $ 2446 & 06 Wd ee ieee 7. Ovary 2-locular, styles 2; fruit with 2 stones; petioles glabrous or scarcely pubescent,articulate with rachis .... 934. Acanthopanax Seem. ats Ovary 5-locular, styles 5; fruit with 5 stones; petiolules not EMULE, CEMSIEIhy JOUIDSSCCIM: 45550505 935. Eleutherococcus Maxim. Genus*® FATSIA* Decne. et Planch. Debe. et Planch. in Rev. hort. 4 sér. III (1854) 105 Flowers bisexual or polygamous, 5(6)-merous; calyx-teeth nearly inconspicuous; in bud petals slightly overlapping; filaments filiform, and anthers ovoid, dorsifix; stylopodium thick, subglobular; styles 5, free from base, filiform, with small stigmas; ovary and fruit 5-locular, with fleshy exocarpand cartilaginous endocarp; seeds laterally compressed. Small trees, without prickles with large, evergreen, palmatilobate, exstipulate leaves. Umbels clustered in apical panicle. One species, Japan. *F. japonica (Thunb.) Dene. et Planch. in Rev. hortic. s. 4. III (1854) 105.— Aratia japonica Thunb. Fl. jap. (1784) 128.— Ic.: In Garten- flora, XII, tab. 420; XXVI, tab.216; Bot. Mag. tab. 8638.— Shrub or 2—3m high tree, usually with simple stem, with a rosette of large coriaceous, bright green, shining, glabrous leaves at apex of stem, the leaves 15—30cm across rounded or rounded-ovate, (5)7—11-lobed, the ovate-lanceolate lobes tapering at base, acuminate above, acutely toothed along margin above base, petioles to 30cm. Umbels globular, 2.5—3.5cm across, long-stalked, gathered in large panicle; each flower with small bract at base; petals ovate, acute, recurved below; fruit globular. Fl. September—October, Fr. winter. Widespread in greenhouses and as a house plant. Described from Japan. Gen. distr.: Japan. Type in Stockholm. Economic importance. A fast growing ornamental suitable for cultivation in the Crimea and Caucasus. Judging by experience in Central * Popular Japanese name for the plant. 60115 1 4 | 9) cet Europe it will grow under cover in the southwestern regions of the European part of the Soviet Union. There are cultivated forms with variegated or white- and yellow-bordered leaves. Genus 932. HEDERA* L. L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 202, p.p. Flowers bisexual, 5-merous; calyx of 5 small denticles; petals oval- triangular, with 1 nerve, valvate in the bud; stamens 5, with ovoid anthers, stylopodium convex, ovary inferior or semiinferior, 5-locular, styles 5, adnate to tube; fruit berry-like with fleshy exocarp and coriaceous endo- carp; seeds 5 or 2 to 4, with plicate endosperm and rather large embryo. Shrubs or climbers adhering to support with aerial root suckers, leaves evergreen, coriaceous, entire, 3—5 palmatilobate; stipules absent. Umbels solitary or in racemes; pedicels not jointed. About fifteen species in the temperate mountain regions of southeastern Asia, the Mediterranean area, and Central Europe. In the USSR Hedera is known from the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene deposits (Akchagyl stage); the earliest finds are not always reliable: H.auriculata Heer, Upper Oligocene, Angara-Sayans (Ushakovka River mear Baikal).— H.colchica v. fossilis Palib., Akchagyl deposits, Transcaucasia (Shvindgeli Range in S.Kakhetia); Chauda deposits, south- western Guria.— H. cf. cuneata.— Heer, Tertiary Sakhalin (Kamennaya valley and others).— H. eichwaldii Palib., Paleogene, Volga-Don (Tim).— H.macclurii Heer, Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Jonquieres Cape), Upper Cretaceous or Paleocene, western Kamchatka (Utkholok Cape, Kapan River, Kovacha River).— H. macquarrii Heer, Paleogene, Ussuri (Friz Strait).— H.palaeocenica Krassn.?, Paleocene, Lower Volga (Ushi). — H.primordialis Heer, Cretaceous, Sakhalin (Kengvarakry Cape). — H. ochotica Krysht., Upper Cretaceous, Lena-Kolyma (Silyan River). Peeeaincssy.clilow brown, tat, squamitorimn-: multicellimlerss ss sis se. usnel sce. Zee 2. . Mercer ay Seno Teo aia or acct” ite: TaN es ates tne rare alters! ieee COULChICa: Ce Coch: ar Leaves thin, coriaceous, on sterile prostrate shoots usually ovate to lanceolate, lobed or angular, commonly together with entire leaves, on climbing shoots entire; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit 6-10mm across MR coe einen, Rig ates GES Ghee ee tee Note etd 2. H.pastuchovii G. Woron. 3. Fruit golden yellow, 10-12mm across; leaves pale, usually yellow- RC eME Wath UNnGulAteemMarZ in shaves usally, O10 ica CUN ss tne cals 510.0 icles Guha iot IP kA er a ai am Ne A like Be 3. H.chrysocarpa Walsh. et: BeaURtA Ol ackersmma lence Orl: Omamunat aerOS|s? ime he. renters tet ate es cnietee) ete ie Beales 4. 4. Petals 2-2.5mm long, 1.5mm wide; umbels on thin pedicels; not dense at anthesis, the terminal 20—27(32) mm, the lateral 15—25(27)mm across, leaves on sterile shoots mostly sagittate, usually 3-lobed, with aubenua Lemme cuaMelObe s arses) Wisi a llyata —1OmtcatyCCl = stent) © eile) ee eee Uren eel RaP TGR Ms ny PeiaP He eos Wie. eet Tale Nox eho cata 4 ata curios es do. H.caucasigena Pojark. * Latin name for ivy. 5 5. Hairs usually 7—8-rayed, rays often adnate. On sterile shoots + Petals larger, 3-4mm long, 1.8—2.5mm wide; umbels usually dense, larger, the terminal 23—35(47)mm across, the lateral 20-35mm, with thicker pedicels; hairs predominantly 6—7 or 7—8-rayed ........ 5D. sagittate, usually 5-lobed leaves with attenuate median lobe predominate, or else such leaves are borne in large quantity ..... | PET ae NAR NITE PEG hpi 0, te ot cae cee gel eames ee 6. H.taurica Carr + Hairs usually 6—7(5—8)-rayed, with rays adnate only at base; leaves of sterile shoots wide, rounded or ovate, entire or 3—5-lobed, sagittate li@aves, alist OretS Wis ore Walia (Moy retete ta pte) “epee: “enous (ema Mere tats oie 4. H.helix Lg Series 1. Robustae Pojark.— Hairs squamiform, multiradiate, with rays only distally free; leaves thick, coarse-coriaceous, large, on fertile shoots to 20cm long, on sterile usually entire, wide, cordate; fruit black, large, 10-13cm across. Two species: H.colchica C. Koch of the Colchi flora and H. robusta Pojark, C. China (Szechwan province). 1. H.colchica C.Koch in Wochenschr. f. Gartn. u. Pflanzenk. II (1859) 74; Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1090; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 422, Papas loplersGatt-n dedere (1912) 52,p.p.; Medved., Der. i. kust. Kavk. (1919) 172; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 108; Nekrasova in Sov-bot., No.6 (1933) 88.— H. helix var. colchica C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 365; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 11, 1,376.— H. rhombifolia Rupr. ex Regel in Gartentloragiee (1860) 372.— H. Roegneriana hort. ex Boiss. Fl. or II (1872) 1901, nom. nud.— H.macrophytlia hort.— H.dentata Rupr. ex Regel in Gartenflora (1884) 199, nom. nud. non C. Koch in Wochenschr. f. Gartn. XI (1868) 141.— H. caucasica hort. ex Lavallée, Arb. segrez. (1877) | 1B, talcraae iaibiclg (Cakes inal aves, Ino, 2 (1890) 164,.diagn.—> Jc eaiecel in Gartenflora, XI (1862) tab. 360. ; Shrub; large-leaved liana, the thin sterile shoots climbing with short root-suckers on trees and rocks, fertile shoots thicker, to 1cm across, juvenile shoots with yellow squamiform multiradiate hairs; leaves coarse, densely coriaceous, matte, dark green, glabrous above, with scattered squamiform hairs below; later sometimes deciduous, to 20cm long, 17cm wide; leaves on sterile shoots usually ovate or orbicular-ovate, rarely rhombic-ovate, with cuneate cordate or truncate base, commonly short- acuminate, often entire, rarely 3-lobed, sometimes 5-lobed; leaves on fertile shoots from ovate and rhombic-ovate to lanceolate and lanceolate- rhombic or narrowly rhombic (f. rhombifolia Boiss.), short- or long- acuminate; petioles as long as blade or even slightly longer to short, barely "3 the length of the limb. Umbels with 12—35 flowers, globular, solitary or 3—8 in raceme, pedicels 2—3cm, with small scarious, triangular leaves at base; all parts of inflorescence, including ovary and outer side of petals, densely covered with yellow-brown squamiform multiradiate hairs; pedicels 4-~7mm, to 17mm in fruit, with small squamiform, membranous, 1—2 mm long, deciduous bracts at base. Flowers usually bisexual, occasionally staminate, with abortive ovary; sepals 1-1.5mm long, ovate-triangular, acute; petals greenish-yellow, 4—4.5mm long, 2—2.5mm wide, oblong-ovate, acuminate; stamens slightly shorter than petals, anthers ovoid, 1.75mm long, 1mm wide, stylopodium low-conical; styles 1.5mm long; fruit black, 10-13mm across, with 2-5 seeds. Fl. September-— October, Fr. ripening in the spring and summer of the next year. Shady forests, climbing rocks and trees, where the climbers produce dense growth; to 1,200m.-— Caucasus: Cisc. (Laba River), W. Transc. from Tuapse to Batumi, in the east up to Surami Range. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Lazistan, Trebizond), Arm.-Kurd. (Artvin district). Described from Colchis. Type was in Berlin. Economic importance. Sometimes cultivated in Crimean and Caucasian parks; but, judging by W. European experience, probably also adapted to more northern regions. One specimen grows in the University Botanical Gardens (Nekrasova) in Moscow. Should be tried as an ornamental liana on walls, windows, trees, cliffs, etc. F.purpurea Hibb., with reddish leaves,f. arborescens Koch.,andf.variegata Koch, are but a few of the known cultivars. Note. Tobler's record of H. colchica from Syria (cf. Nekrasova) presumably concerns cultivated specimens, as Tober himself assumed with respect to his record for Cyprus. Among the plants collected in C. China (Szechwan province) by the noted Russian traveler Potanin, there were found specimens of a new species — H.robusta Pojark. which closely resembles H. colchica in external habit but differs by the very short style and the absence of calyx-teeth, the calyx being just a barely discernible border. This find once again reflects the ancient link between the forest flora of Colchis and the flora of China, dating from the Tertiary. Series 2. Pastuchovianae Pojark.— Hairs squamiform, the rays often free to middle; leaves thin-coriaceous, medium-sized, to 10(12) cm long, on sterile shoots of different shape: entire, angular, 3—5(7)-lobed, commonly mixed with sagittate leaves with attenuate median lobe; fruit black, 6—10cm across. In addition to the Russian species, H.tobleri Nakai and H.shensiensis Pojark. from N.China, Japan and S. Korea, should also be included here. 2. H.pastuchovii G. Woron. in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 108; G. Woron. in Trud. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1,1 (1933) 217, lat. diagn.; Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 (1933) 88.— H. helix C.A.Mey Verz. Pfl. Ratieokaspe (ieisii Ie et auct. fl.ycaucn up. pinon) &.— Hi col ehica Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 52,p.p. non C. Koch. — Tall climbing shrub with thin pale brown shoots bearing sparse flat stellate yellow scales; leaves thin-coriaceous, lighter than in H. helix and H.colchica, bright green above, pale beneath, glabrous on both sides or with sparse stellate scales beneath, to 10(12)cm long, 6(7) wide, without the characteristic odor of the leaves of H. colchica; leaves of spreading shoots usually rounded-cordate, entire or with slightly undulate-angular margins, on sterile climbing shoots leaves very variable, from broadly ovate to oblong-ovate and lanceolate, the base deeply cordate or slightly notched to truncate and cuneate, with large symmetrically paired or irregular (from 0 to 5) lobes at each side, margins usually angular, often entire; leaves on fertile shoots mostly rhombic or ovate- rhombic, tapering at both ends, sometimes long-acuminate, usually with obtuse tip, nearly always entire; petioles with sparse stellate scales of varying length. Umbels globular, with 5—20 flowers, not dense, on thin rather long pedicels (1.5)2—6cm, solitary or raceme of 3—8 umbels; pedicels 6-12mm; all parts of inflorescence, including ovary and outer side of petals, densely covered with stellate yellow-brown scales; sepals inconspicuous; styles 1-1.5mm long; fruit black,6—-10mm across. FI. August— October, Fr. ripening from December to summer of the following year. (Plate I, Figure 2.) Lowland and mountain forests of the low and central mountain belts, usually along forest edges and in glades, where it climbs trees without spreading along rocks like other species of ivy. Rather rare.— Caucasus: E. Transc. (Tionetskii Range, Zakataly, Nukha, Kuba), Tal. (Lenkoran district). Gen. distr.: Iran (Astrabad and Mazanderan). Described from Kusary near Kuba, E. Transcaucasia. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Unknown in cultivation but not less promising than other species of ivy. | Note. Yu. N. Voronoy rightly considered this species to be much closer to the Himalayan H. himalaica Tobl. (which should be called H. nepal ensis C.Koech) than to H.colchica C.Koch. Even so, H. nepalemeanc is not the closest relative of H.pastuchovii. With H. sinensis (Tobl.) Hand.-Mazz. (China), another species of SE Asia, it forms a natural phylogenetic series, distinguished by orange-yellow fruits. H.pastuch- Ovii surely is much more closely related to black-fruited H. tobleri Nakai (Japan, S. Korea), from which it differs materially only by the smaller fruits and leaves. In both species the leaves of the sterile shoots are highly polymorphous, from entire to lobed; on fertile shoots they are usually narrower. Series 3. Chrysocarpae Pojark.— Hairs stellate, 5—6(8)-rayed; fruit golden yellow, large, to 12mm across; leaves of sterile shoots mostly entire, occasionally angular or faintly 3-lobed. One species in the E. Mediterranean area. 3. H.chrysocarpa Walsh in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. VI (1826) 42.—? H. poetica Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 143.—- H. poetarum Bertol. Praelect. rei herb. (1827) 78; Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 36; Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No. 6 (1933) 88.— H. helix var. chrysocarpa Ven. iniGarneieerle Mosens(l360) 300) nom DC.. ©. ke Schnn | lWaubholzicy ll t90S) . 422 ———ater Hojslieie, 4 Cots Wil Nas, — Iapesin8. lms shtedls xs INO. LOSS Tall shrub, climbing trees and rocks, its sturdy yellow shoots glabrous or with sparse stellate hairs; bark of older branches pale, grayish-yellow, rugose or finely cracked; leaves thick, coriaceous, pale, yellowish-green, shiny above, glabrous on both sides, juvenile leaves sometimes with sparse stellate hairs larger than in H. helix, to 11cm long, 10cm wide, commonly with undulant margins; leaves on sterile shoots usually broad, wider than long or rounded, rarely ovate, 3-lobed or angular with 3—5 lobes, partly entire; on fertile shoots usually broadly and suborbicular, ovate, acute or short-acuminate, the base truncate or cordate, rarely rhombic-ovate, long-acuminate with cuneate base; uppermost leaves sometimes lanceolate- rhombic. Inflorescence large, of (3)5—15 umbels sessile on long, 3.5—o cm pedicels; umbels globular, to 3cm across, multiflorous; all parts of inflorescence with dense yellowish usually 5—6-rayed stellate hairs, often some rays united for '/3 to '/, of their length; pedicels 7-12cm; sepals 0.5mm long, usually oblong-triangular; petals 3.5—5mm long, 2.25—2.5mm wide; styles 1-1.25mm long; fruit golden yellow, 8—12mm across, 3—5- locular, mostly with only 2(3) developed seeds. FI. August—September, Fr. from December to summer of the following year. 10 Forests of low mountain belt.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Guria, Kvirily, possibly wild), E. Transc. (Tbilisi, Kirovabad, apparently escaped). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (eastern part of Balkans, from Attica to Thrace and Macedonia), As. Min. In Italy, Spain, NW Africa and Egypt apparently escaped from cultivation. Described from near Constantinople. Type unknown. Economic importance. Of the species of ivy, H. chrysocarpa is of special importance because of its pale green foliage and golden yellow fruits. According to Walsh, the fruit is used in Turkey as an emetic and laxative and is also prescribed by local doctors. Note. In spite of its unique habit this species is usually regarded as a variety of H. helix L., from which it is distinguished by the larger — to twice as large — yellow fruits, the larger pale leaves of the fertile shoots, the more compound inflorescence — often with 12-15 umbels — and the larger (to 5mm long) petals. Also the hairs of H. chrysocarpa rarely have more than 5—6 rays. The distribution area of H.chrysocarpa extends from the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula over Asia Minor up to the Caucasus, where its boundary is still obscure. In his monograph of Hedera, Tobler replaced H.chrysocarpa Walsh by the newer H. poetarum Bertol., claiming the former name to be a nomen nudum. Recognizing H. chrysocarpa, the present author has demonstrated that it differs from H. helix. Reference to Tournefort's short diagnosis of this ivy supports the claim that H. chrysocarpa Walsh is a valid name. H. poetica Salisb. (Prodr. (1796) 143), also quoted in the Index Kewensis, possibly refers to H.chrysocarpa. We did not have access to the source of this reference but if H. poetica Salisb. was published according to the international rules of nomenclature and does indeed refer to H.chrysocarpa Walsh, then it has priority. The ancient Greeks and Romans associated this species of ivy with the cult of the god Dionysus (Bacchus) and poets were crowned by weaths made of its branches. Both Dioscorides and Pliny refer to H. dionysias ACen Onde cacatherx, LnamstO wr «mel xe Series 4. Helix Pojark.— Hairs stellate, 5—8(10)-rayed; fruit black, 6—10mm across; leves of sterile shoots very variable, entire and 3—5- lobed, often with predominance of sagittate leaves with large attenuate median lobe; distributed in the Mediterranean countries and Europe. 4. Tal, lneliiixe Ine Sion jal (L758) BOB jo. 395, Excl, sveiess. IWiclon Jails Ios, Wil, I, SEO OES OS Sn Eyl woes a Win O90, joesoeterSlatantall vor Eu Te) Z9) hos pr eEedelhi. and Fler., Fl. Evr. Ross. 666,p.p. (excl. pl. taur.); Tobler, Gatt. Hedera, 17,p.p.; Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 @i933)) 86, 0. p.—5 Heelob ata, Gilnib. Beccumphyt- MmGii92) 2625— HescOnmmunis 5. Ha@ray. Nat. Amcang. Bicit. Pip (he? |) 40ie le. hedehs and Eillem.,loid.. tion o41e Noble, Isc. fils sei, 2, G—Os Iei@ens Wl IS WS Ay along WSO Alay, tie aration AZ) — 47Aglasn = WSoxisice 1a Il Connects allie iexs.. NOs la kZe Shrub; stems woody, branching, creeping on ground and stones or climbing to 3-20m on trees and rocks by short adventitious roots on herbaceous juvenile shoots; stems rarely reach more than 15cm in diameter; leaves wintergreen, coriaceous, glabrous, dark green, shiny 1—Hedera caucasigena Pojark., branches with flowers, part of sterile shoot, hair; 2 — H.pastuchovii G.Woron., branch with young fruits, part of sterile shoot, hair; 3 — Aralia schmidtii PLATE I Pojark. 10 above, paler beneath, with asymmetrical reticular venation, to 10cm long and as wide, very variable in shape: on sterile shoots usually broad with cordate base, from rounded-ovate to attenuate, 3—5(7)-angular-lobate, usually with broad or slightly enlarged median lobe, sometimes mixed with narrow sagittate leaves with markedly attenuate median lobe; veins often white or yellowish; on fertile branches leaves broadly ovate or rhombic- ovate to rounded, sometimes only the uppermost narrow, lanceolate (usually narrower in var. baltica Rehd.), rarely with 2 (or 1) symmetrical or asymmetrical lateral lobes. Umbels multiflorous, usually globular, 20— 13 35mm across, the terminal to 40mm across,invar. baltica usually smaller, 17—23(25)mm across, mostly with 8—12 flowers; umbels on fairly thick 1.7—3.5 cm pedicels, with 2-3 squamiform leaves at base, solitary or arranged 3-10 in raceme; pedicels 6—13(17)mm, with small brown squamiform bracts at base; but for calyx-teeth all parts of inflorescence with dense grayish stellate 5—8(10)-rayed hairs, the 6—7-rayed pre- dominating; flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, ovary semiinferior, calyx- teeth very short; petals fleshy, (3)3.5-4mm long, 2—2.5mm wide, brown outside with sparse stellate hairs, greenish inside, with longitudinal keel; stamens shorter than petals; styles short, 0.8-1.2mm; ovary commonly with 5 (very rarely to 10) cells; fruit globular, 8-10mm across, with 2—5, usually 2—3-seeds, reddish-purple when unripe, later dark brown, the blue-black ripe fruit persistent during the year. Fl. (August) (September— October (December), Fr. in the spring March-April (up to June) of the following year. Shady places in gorges and ravines; broad-leaved, especially beech forests, in stony places and rocks, where it produces continuous cover and climbs high on trees.— European part: Balt. (including Ezel Island), U. Dnp., U. Dns. (the westernmost parts of these areas), Bes. Gen. distr.: Seand., southern part (in Norway up to 60°35'N, in Sweden up to 50°), Centr. and Atl. Eur., W. Med. (S. Europe), Bal.—_As. Min. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. H. helix has been cultivated since antiquity. In Central Europe as well it has been in cultivation so long, in fact, that it is difficult sometimes to determine its natural boundary. There are about 100 names of garden forms of H. helix, most of which appear to be synonyms; some presumably refer to other species of ivy H. chryso- eanpa Walsh; H.taurica Carr.,H.sicotieca A.Cheval.). The garden forms differ primarily by the shape (Gassese cl igitata Lodd.,palmata Ca soch ancl anise Ebb. diel) tod eas Hibb., ha sitiait a hont, LO « Wulojsa Hibb. and others) and color of the leaves: white-, yellow- and sometimes pink-spotted or bordered, and also by the white or pink nerves (ie elegantissima Hibb.,marginata Hibb.,variegata hort.,Lowei C.K.Schn. etc.). The white-fruited var. leucocarpa Seem., has been described by Theophrastus. Var. arborescens Loud. and var. arborea hort. (H. arborea Garsault) do not produce creeping shoots but form erect, low shrubs; they are obtained by rooting or grafting cuttings taken from fertile shoots. Also frequently cultivated is H. helix var. hibernica Kirchn. (or H. helix var. scotica hort.) which produces a very high growth, with large, wide and thin leaves, and bears hairs with many rays (7-12). These characters place it close to ILS) H.canariensis Willd. and some authors (Seeman) indeed regard it as a variety of this species or as one of its hybrids with H. helix (Schneider). Recently it has been described as H. scotica A.Cheval. Reported wild from Ireland. Ivy is grown in gardens and parks in the southern part of the USSR, sometimes also in the Baltic area in addition to being a house and green- house plant. Covered in winter, it has been successfully cultivated on open ground in Kuibyshev, Moscow, and, according to Regel, also in Leningrad. It is an excellent honey plant, especially valuable because it flowers in late fall. The honey obtained ("'stoney honey") is white and very thick. The white wood, with brown or gray veins, is light and porous and is used in turneries. The leaves are bitter, with a disagreeable taste; according to Wehmer they contain the glucosides saponin and hederine (helixin), inositol, carotene, formic and malic acids. There are indications that they may be used in place of soap. When injured, the stems exude a gummy juice which hardens in the air to form brownish encrustations (gummi or resina hedarae) which serves to prepare spirit varnish for painting in oil colors. In former times it was also of value in popular medicine. The bitter fruits are readily eaten by birds. They contain hederine, tannic acid, hederine-saponin, dyestuff, a high proportion of green-colored oil and butyric and linoleic acids. Note. The eastern boundary of the natural distribution area of H. helix in the Soviet Union runs along its westernmost border. Here, especially in the more northern regions, like Belorussia [Pushcha] virgin forest and the Baltic area, H. helix usually remains sterile, blossoming and bearing fruit only rarely. Within its large European area, it displays a remarkable polymorphism, reflected in the presence of a series of obscure taxonomic status, some of which have been described as distinct species (Elston PeEleMsis Senmmem, lelo wll @iw iiowinc a Sennen). A curious deviation is shown by the form known in cultivation as H. helix var. baltica Rehder (Bail. Stand. Cyclop. horticult. II (1939) 1437), known only from the eastern boundary of the distribution area in the Baltic area and in Southern Scandinavia. Here the peduncles of the shoots are distinguished by their small leaves; the leaves are not more than 3-6cm long, usually narrow, rhombic and lanceolate-rhombic, often pale green, always entire, with smooth not undulant margins; umbels often few-flowered, small, 1.7—2.5cm across, usually solitary. This distinctly reduced form, the most cold-resistant form under cultivation, is probably the only representative at the northeastern boundary of the species and requires further study. 5. H.caucasigena Pojack. in Addenda XV; 587.— EH - helix viee nie faWe Sea, I CUNO) Meiojone Ibcllo, Il, iosss IW, L815, j0.or Boiss. Fil pre Il W090; pe p.3) Nobllen: Gatte Hedera, 17 :p. ps, viedvedey, Diamar Kank, uz¢l, 3 (1919) 17 Grosse, Hla Waves Til N08 p-ip.s. olalkenis) te JP AL. Abkhaz. Ili, i777 non la— ie helix subsp. cam casi ca KMicopyanuschedhes eins Coles INO. UV (eulogy 1s, Ine ll ase), Shrub; climbing liana to 25m. Morphologically, it differs from H. helix L. as follows: the sterile shoots always bear, often predominantly, large oblong sagittate leaves with long attenuate median lobe and 2, rarely 4, short lateral lobes; the remaining leaves of sterile shoots are broadly cordate, usually angular-3-lobed, rarely 5-lobed, with a short median lobe; the lobes are usually obtuse, rarely acute; the leaves of the climbing sterile shoots are also usually 3-lobed, ovate or rounded-cordate; the fertile shoots bear entire leaves, up to 7(9)cm long and 4.5—6(6.5) cm wide, smaller than in H. helix, generally narrower, ovate, with truncate base or rhombic- ovate, with cuneate base, often mixed with narrower lanceolate and lanceolate-rhombic leaves, with flat or undulant margins. The inflorescence is longer and narrower, sometimes an oblong raceme of (3)5-12 umbels, sometimes umbels solitary; the umbels are smaller than in H. helix: the solitary terminal one 20—27(32) mm, the lateral ones (15)17—23(27)mm across, with few flowers, subglobular, rarely the terminal globular; pedicels 2—3.8mm long, narrower, 0.6—0.8mm thick; pedicels thin, 5—9(12)mm, often elongating in fruit to 8—15(18) mm; hairs of inflorescence not so dense, stellate, 5—6-rayed, with mixture of 7—-8-rayed; flowers smaller, the petals 2—2.5mm, sometimes to 3mm long and 1.5mm wide; fruit 5-9mm across, usually with 2—4(5) seeds. Fl. September—November; ripe fruits in the spring and ‘summer (April—June) of the following year. (Plate I, Figure 1.) Forests along coastlines and low mountain belt, spreading or climbing trees, rocks, walls of ancient structures, hedges.— Caucasus: W. Cisc., W. Transc., E. Transc. (Teletskii Range, Kakhetia), S. Transc. (N. and W.). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Lazistan). Described from Yur'evskoe near Sukhumi (G.R.F. exs. No.1771). Type in Leningrad. Note. Reports of the widespread distribution of MIE S Nave Jka Sa, To Soy LS Caucasian race H. caucasigena, throughout the entire Caucasus are erroneous for its occurrence in Ciscaucasia and W. Transcaucasia is very limited. It has been confirmed from Kakhetia and somewhat to the east, in Nukha, Teletskii Range near Tbilisi, and in N. Armenia (Dilizhan, Idzhevan). Herbarium specimens believed to come from Kirovabad and Lenkoran are apparently based on false determinations of H. pastu- chovii and in part also of C.chrysocarpa (for Kirovabad). There are no wild specimens from Iran, where H. helix is erroneously shown for the north instead of H. pastuchovii. Lienert sneore mal Guthersst tacOnape lel lel iE xalaGeskite et austell Cramoly, guia small sessile umbels with thin pedicels, and small flowers. Together with FiPprauie teat di tters trom) Hi aielix an) the predominance of saputtate leaves on the sterile shoots: these are usually 5-lobed in H. taurica, SOD eds imi 1c anuicaysh Se Mia. 6. H.taurica Carr. in Rev. hort. 62 (1890) 163; Haage u. Schmidt, in Verzeichn. (1862) apud Tobler, Gatt. Hedera (1912) 46, 133, pp.nom. nud.— H.helix M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 174, pp. (quoad pl. taur.); Ldb. Mil, ROSSo ly ly SVB, O08 JEOISSs Ile Cleo Wily LODO, a fos5 Siaenale. Jl, Uy 429, Pepe auct. tly tauc. non Ij. — Le pole tar time 2) varentauiciie ay Wobbler.) Cr eines nitxdnyanicene an lbrenikcralmlololiercealeicenesUllo teal lo nga ommln em lor mmr elacles mmesciley Starice Cyclop, Hortic. Im (l939) 14375 — le. Mobller, Ines ted a, 1G; ipl S.. Shrub; juvenile shoots rather densely covered with stellate hairs; leaves coriaceous, shiny above, glabrous, often pale and even yellow-green, tom cna lone, ).o cm wide, as in H. Cauwcasigena on sterile creeping " 13 (, shoots there predominate sagittate leaves with markedly elongated commonly 5-segmented median lobe, with well-developed lower pairs of lobes. The broad leaves of these shoots are 3-lobed or slightly angular, often entire, triangular or cordate; sterile climbing shoots with broadly cordate, usually entire, rarely with some slightly angular leaves; leaves of fertile shoots usually oblong-ovate or rhombic-ovate, long-acuminate with cuneate base, rarely wider, ovate, short-acuminate, with truncate base, always entire. Umbels often solitary, rarely in racemes of up to 5, pedicels 2—2.5cm; entire inflorescence densely covered with stellate, 5—8-rayed hairs, 7-8-rayed predominant, rays often united for large stretch to produce squamiform hairs, or composed of 1—2 branches; there also occur coarse hairs with 3-5 rays, to 1mm long; umbels usually globular, the solitary umbel terminal, 23-27 mm across, many-flowered with up to 38 flowers, the lateral smaller, 14-—28mm across, few-flowered; pedicels (4)5-10mm, to 7-1lmm in fruit; calyx-teeth conspicuous, petals ovate, 3—4mm long, 1-8—2.5mm wide; fruit black, 6—10mm across. “BI; September— October, Fr. February—September (to Juneof the following year). Northern and southern slopes of mountain forests, shady places, climbing on trunks of trees, rocks and stones.— European part: Crim. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (Dobrudzha). Described from Oreanda near Yalta. Type lost. Economic importance. As in preceding species it has been under cultivation fora long time, mainly as. hielix var. taurire a nom Note. Tobler, who devoted much time to the study of Crimean ivy, stressed in his monograph the difference in character of its pubescence as compared with the European H. helix L. The similarity with H.chrysocarpa Walsh in the shape and color of the leaves led him to suggest that the Crimean ivy was related to this species, as reflected in the name he proposed for it: H. poetarum (?) var. taurica Tobl. He even surmised that the fruits are yellow, because the juvenile fruits of both H.taurica and H.chrysocarpa lacked anthocyan. Yet he was wrong because the fruits of Crimean ivy, as well as those of H. helix, are black, and the former should therefore be regarded as a geographical race. Rehder's argument that Crimean ivy was a hybrid (H. colchica X H. helix) is quite fortuitous. Genus 933. ECHINOPANAX * Dcne. et Planch. Dene. et Planch. in Rev. hortic. 4, sér.II] (1854) 105.-Panax 2 Oplopanax Torr. et Gr. Fl. N. Amer. I (1840) 648.- Oplopanax Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I (1863-1864), 16 Flowers bisexual and staminate, monoecious, umbels in forming raceme (rarely slightly branching panicle); calyx of (4)5 small teeth or an inconspicuous border; petals valvate in bud; styles 5, free or connate for half their length; ovary 2-locular; fruit fleshy, with laterally flattened double drupe. Shrubs, stems not branching or slightly so, densely covered with acicular prickles. * From the Greek echinos — prickle, and Panax — name of the genus. 14 18 ig) Besides E. elatum Nakai, 2 species: E.japonicum Nakai in japan, ». Womradum Dene. et Planch., in Western North America. 1. E. elatum Nakai in Journ. Coll. sc. Tokyo, XXVI, 1 (1909) 276; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. (1932) 785.— Panax horridus Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 1 (1844) 375, excl. non Sm.— E. horridus Harms in H.— P. Pilanzenfam. 111,8(1898)34, p.p.; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh II, 116; Crikeischn. Maubholzk-, 1430; pps non Dede: fet Pll] Opilio pana x elatum Nakai. Fl. sylv. koreana, XVI (1927) 38; Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No. 6 (1933) 85.— Ic.: Nakai in Jorn. Coll. sc. Tokyo, XXVI, 1 (1909) tab. PVE Hille sylv.. Koreana, XVi1, tab. X1- Shrub, usually about 1m, rarely to 2-3m high, with long creeping rhizome and erect unbranched or only slightly branched stem. Bark pale gray, with abundant brittle acicular 3-10cm prickles; petioles 6-—16cm, densely covered with short prickles, leaves large, 15-30cm across, glabrous or with scattered prickles above, prickly along veins below, shallowly 5—7- lobed, with broad acute or obtuse lobes, with acute double teeth, fringed with prickly hairs. Inflorescence axillary 7-18cm long, peduncles 2.5-6cm, densely covered with long rust-colored hairs and prickles; umbels small, 9-13mm across, in oblong raceme or a Slightly branching panicle at tips of main and lateral axes (second order branches usually with one, rarely 2-4 umbels); pedicels 2-—10mm, with dense long yellow hairs; bracts early deciduous, pink, pectinately incised; calyx-teeth hardly discernible, petals lanceolate-triangular; styles usually free, rarely more or less connate; fruit yellow-red, 7-12mm long. Fl. June-July, Fr. from September. (Plate II, Figure 1.) Upper mountain forest belt, small thickets or groups.— Far East: Uss., southern part. Gen. distr.: Korea. Described from Korea. Type in Tokyo. Economic importance. A unique ornamental shrub that deserves to be cultivated. Its N. American vicariant E. horridum Decne. et Planch. is seldom cultivated. Note. In 1927 Nakai proposed Oplopanax Mig. (1863) to replace the earlier Echinopanax Dene. et Planch. (1854), claiming that the authors of Echinopanax had ignored the fact that it was based on Panax horridum. Oplopanax elatum Nakai should therefore be discarded in favor of Echinopanax elatum Nakai Genus 934. ACANTHOPANAX * Seem. Seem. in Journ. Bot. V (1867) 238.— Panax subgen. Acanthopanax Dene. et Planch. in Rev. hortic. 4 sér. III (1854) 105. Flowers bisexual or polygamous (dioecious or monoecious), in solitary | umbels or arranged in racemiform or umbelliform inflorescences; calyx of 5 small teeth, petals 5, valvate in bud, styles 2, free or more or less connate, ovary 2-locular; fruit berry-like, a double-trihedral laterally flattened drupe; pedicels not jointed. Shrubs, rarely trees,not spiny or with prickly branches and stem; leaves palmately compound. * From the Greek acantha — thorn,spine,and Panax —name of the genus. 20 About 20—25 species, Southeast Asia including the Philippines. 1, A.sessiliflorum (Rupr. et Maxim.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. V (1867) 239; Harms in E.— P.Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 50; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III (1905) 117; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 429.— Panax sessili- florum Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Se. Pétersb. XV (1857) 133; Maxim. Prim. fl. amux. 131.—€ephalopanax (Se sisalitll onium Baill. in Adansonia, XII (1878) 149.— Ic.: Gartenflora, XI (1862) tab. 369; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II (1932) tabl. 239; Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana, XV (1927) tab. II. Shrub, to 3.5m high, branching, with gray longitudinally splitting bark and yellowish-gray smooth shoots or covered with sparse prickles; petioles to 12cm, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, often with solitary prickles; leaves palmately compound, the 3—5 leaflets sessile on hairy, 5-12cm petioles (subglabrous at tip); leaflets elliptic, cuneate, short apex mucronate, 5-17cm long, 2.5—7cm wide, thin in shady localities, thick in exposed localities, glabrous above, bristly-hairy, sometimes with few prickles beneath along veins; margins usually acutely bidentate. Flowers in subcapitate umbels commonly polygamous-monoecious, rarely all bisexual, on very short peduncles, umbels solitary or in dichasia of 2—6 at tips of branches; pedicels and sepals lanate-tomentose, styles connate nearly to tip; fruit ellipsoidal-ovoid, black, a laterally strongly compressed ventrally-flattened double drupe. Fl. August, Fr. from September. (Plate II, Figure 3.) Wooded riverbanks and streams, forest edges and clearings, islands, elevated localities in inundated valleys, meadows, solitary or in small groups.— Far East: Ze.-Bu, Uda, Uss. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, N. China). Described from Amur. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Cold-resistant ornamental shrub. Note. The taxonomy and relationships of Acanthopanax have not yet been worked out. Some taxonomists, including Harms, in his review of Acanthopanax (1919) regard it as comprising _ Kalopanax and Bae unlaeraOreiOIeieuisi. A.sessiliflorum belongs to the oligotypic E. Asian section Cephalopanax (Baill.) Harms (in Mitt. d. deutsch. dendr. Gesellsch. XXVII (1918) 14.- Cephalopanax Baill. in Adanson. XII (1878) 149, non Saporta), characterized by very short peduncles yielding capituliform umbels, forming more or less umbelliform terminal racemes, by the tomentose pubescence of calyx and pedicels, and by the bi-carpellary ovary. Genus 935. ELEUTHEROCOCCUS* Maxim. Maxim. in Mem. présent. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 132.- Acantho panax sect. Eleuthero- coccus Harms in E.—P Pflanzenfam. VIII, 8 (1898) 50 Flowers bisexual or unisexual, staminate and pistillate, polygamous, in umbels; umbels solitary or 2—5 at tips of shoots; pedicels not jointed, thin, rather long; calyx of 5 (4-6) small teeth; corolla of 5 (4-6) petals, « From the Greek eleutheros — free,coccon — seed. yalvate in bud, styles 5 (rarely 3—4 or 6—7), adnate to tube for entire length; ovary 5-locular (rarely 3—4- or 6—7-locular); fruit berry-like, a strongly laterally flattened double-drupe. Shrub, usually with prickly shoots and palmately compound leaves. About 15 species in E. Asia, from Japan to the Himalayas. 1. E.senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. in Mém. présent. Acad. sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 132; Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XII, 2 (1868) 47; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III (1905) 119; Kom. and Alis., @pred. rast. Dal'mevost. kr. I 186.—- Hedera? sentueosa Rupr.) ect Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XV (1856) 134.— Acanthopanax senticosus Harms in E.— P. Plfanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 50; Makino et Nemoto, Fl. Jap. ed. 2 (1931) 817.— E. koreanus Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana, XV, (1927) 32n— wick Kom andeAlticSsilbiGepataolee 2403) SNakarnaaleics fale VL. Shrub, to 2m, rarely to 4-5m high, with light gray bark; shoots light brown, usually densely covered with thin brittle prickles curved below, sometimes prickles wanting (f. inermis Kom.); petioles to 10cm, glabrous or with sparse rufous hairs, with or without solitary prickles; leaves of 5 leaflets, these oboval or elliptic, cuneate, short-acuminate or tapering to more or less long mucro, thin, adult specimens glabrous or more or less densely covered with short bristly hairs, with rufous hairs below along nerves; margins acutely bidentate; upper leaflets larger than lower, 7—12.5cm long, 3—7cm wide, the petiolules longer, 1—2 cm, covered with dense rufous hairs. Umbels on long stalks, single, terminal but usually 3—4, the distal commonly solitary, fertile, larger and more multiflorous, with peduncles to 8cm; pedicels (6)10—20mm, glabrous or hairy only at base; flowers polygamous-dioecious; petals soon deciduous, yellowish in pistillate flowers, light violet in bisexual and staminate flowers; stamens 5), styles connate, 5 free short stigmas; fruit subglobular, black, 7-10cm long, a pentapartite drupe with strongly flattened parts. Fl. July—August, Fr. from September. (Plate II, Figure 2.) Mixed and coniferous mountain forests forming small undergrowths or groups in thickets and edges; a common component of undergrowths. Rarely in oak groves at foot of cliffs and ravines, more rarely in high- forest riparian woodland.— Far East: Ze.-Bu., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Manchuria, Korea, N. China (Hopeh), Japan. Described from Pranic Lype in leningerad. Economic importance. An ornamental shrub deserving wide cultivation. Note. Highly polymorphic in several characters, the range of variations presumably comprising E.koreanus Nakai, from NW Korea. The diagnostic characters (dotted lenticels on shoots, sparse pubescence of umbel base and long pedicels) also mark Russian material from the different parts of the distribution area of E.senticosus. Many of the Sakhalin specimens markedly deviate from the type by the large broad teeth of their leaves and the more dense, bristly pubescence of their upper Side. 22 23 Genus 936. KALOPANAX * Mig. Mig. in Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd.-Batav. I (1863-1864) 16, p.p. - Acanthopanax sect. Kalopanax Harms in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XX VII (1918) 31 Flowers in globular long-stalked umbels, forming terminal umbelliform inflorescences; pedicels not jointed; calyx of 5(4) small teeth; petals 5(4), valvate in bud; styles 2, connate to tip; ovary 2-locular; fruit a double drupe with fleshy exocarp, each part trihedral, with cartilaginous endocarp. Trees, with simple palmately lobed or partite leaves, branches with strong prickles. One species. 1. K.septemlobum (Thunb.) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXXIX (1925) 306. AiG eics Septem Vo bi m sihunb., lee jam. (1784) 161.— A. pictum Thunb. in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. sc. Upsal. IV (1784) 40, non in Fl. jap. (1784).— Panax ricinifolium S. et Z. in Abh. Acad. Munch. IV, 2 (1845) 199.— Tetrapanax ricinifolium C.Koch. in Wochenschr. f. Gartn. u. Pflanzenk. II (1859) 371.— Kalopanax ricinifolium Mig. in Ann. Mus. bot. Lugd.-Batav. I (1863-1864) 16; Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. XII, 2 (1868) 140; Harms in E.— P. Pflanzen- fam. III, 8 (1898) 51; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. III, 122; Kudo in Jap. Journ. Bot. II, 269; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 786; Vorob'ev in Tr. Dal'nevost. bazy AN SSSR, ser.biol. 1 (1948) 37.— Bras siopsis ricinifolia Seem. in Journ. of Bot. II (1864) 291.—- Acanthopanax PiCwnienol aus Seem. La Journ. ol Bote Wil (1868) 140; Miyabe, Fl. Kuril. Isl. (1890) 237; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) 429.- Aralia maximo- wiczii Van Houtte, Fl. d. Serres, XX (1874) tab. 2067.— Acantho- panax acerifolium Schelle in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XVII ~ XVII (1908) 217.— Acanthopanax ricinifolium var. Maximowiczii Koehne in Mitt. deutsch. dendrol. Gesellsch. XXII (1913) 145.— Kalopanax autumnalis Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XXXVII (1923) a8.— Kalopanax pictum Nakai, Fl. sylv. koreana, “Vi (1927 )ea4= Nekrasova in Sov. bot. No.6 (1933) 922 Tess Naka 12 ess talbe a alle Gok. Schn- a. cif. 289 v—z,f.291 b—c; Miyabe et Kudo) Iles forest trees Hokkaido, III (1930) tab. 78. Tree, usually 10—12(23)m high, with weakly branching erect stem ca. 10cm across, bark gray, splitting longitudinally; shoots and branches usually sparsely covered with strong flat prickles to 1—-2cm long, strongly dilated at base, leaves long-petiolate, large, to 9—26(35) cm long, 11—35(40) cm wide, palmately 7- (rarely 5- or 9-) lobed, rarely deeply partite (var. maximowiczii (Koehne) Pojark.), glabrous but for barbules beneath base of midrib; lobes from triangular and ovate-triangular to lanceolate- oval, with appressed serrate margins. Flowers in long-pediceled globular umbels, to 2-2.2cm across, these numerous (to 100), forming subglobular umbelliform or corymbiform terminal inflorescence, to 30cm across; pedicels 5-9mm; petals yellowish-green, oval-elliptic, anthers pink; fruit 4-5mm across, globular, a dorsally keeled double drupe, with 2 furrows on flat ventral side. Fl. July—August, Fr. middle of September. Edges of mixed and broadleaved forests, high open forests, singly or in small groups.— Far East: Uss., Sakh. S.Kuriles (Kunashir and Iturup islands). Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. (Japan to Ryukyu inclusively, Manchuria, Korea, China). Described from Japan. Type in Leningrad. * From the Greek calos — handsome, Panax — name of the genus. 18 24 Economic importance. A beautiful ornamental tree with fine-grained, lightweight, soft, golden-yellow wood ("white nut'') of K. septemlobum, easily polished and yields a handsome veneer, very valuable for furniture- making and turning, also in Japan. Its resonant qualities make it suitable for the production of musical instruments. Deserves cultivation for export, but almost neglected in the USSR. It has been successfully grown in the Central zone and near Leningrad. Note. It appears that in the USSR there occur only var. typicum (Nakai) Pojark., with glabrous leaves, and var. mag nificum (Nakai) Pojark., its leaves covered beneath with crisp, simple or multipartite hairs, which do not appear in our material. This species has for many years been known as Kee aive tariston lea Migq., until Koidzumi in 1925 renamed it K. se ptemlobus Koidz., going back to Thunberg, who, assuming it to be a maple, because of its leaves, had described it in 1784as Acer septemlobum (Flora japonica). In 1927 it was once again renamed, this time K. pictum Nakai, referring to Thunberg's Acer pictum Thunb. (1783). However, Nakai was wrong, because Vol. IV of 'Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Upsal.,'' to which he refers, is dated 1784, just like ''Flora japonica." It is difficult to decide now which of these was published first. It is true in ''Flora japonica'’ Thunberg refers to 'Kaempferus illustratus, II,""in which Acer pictum Thunb. is published as of 1783, but this only confirms that in publishing two works simultaneously Thunberg expected that ''Kaempferus illustratus,'' included in the above-mentioned Vol. IV of ''Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Upsal., would be published in 1783, which however did not happen. Thus, Acer pictum Thunb. does not have priority over Acer septemlobum Thunb. and since the epithet septemlobum was established for Kalopanax ricinifolium before Nakai reintroduced for it the epithet Die EuMa, Le is the former that should be retained. We should add that for nearly 150 years,Acer pictum Thun. has been attached to a species of maple because in ''Flora japonica" a species of maple was really described as Acer pictum Thunb. As we could not ascertain where this name was first used, in ''Flora japonica" or in ''Nova Acta Upsal. IV", there is no reason why the name of the maple Acer pictum Thunb. should not be retained. " Genus 937. ARALIA * L. L. Sp. pl. ed. 1 (1753) 273 Flowers bisexual or staminate, with abortive ovary, commonly o-merous, rarely 4- or 6-merous; calyx of small teeth, petals imbricate in bud, styles | free or more or less connate, ovary (2)5—6-locular; flowers in umbels, these usually arranged in compound paniculate inflorescence, rarely in simple raceme; pedicels jointed; fruit berry-like, globular, (5)6-faceted, with fleshy exocarp, the 5—6 parts laterally flattened with cartilaginous endocarp. Small trees with nearly simple stem or high perennial herbs usually bearing prickles; leaves compound, twice or thrice pinnate. * Canadian Indian name of the species. 29 About 35 species, mostly in subtropical or tropical climates, in south- eastern Asia, the Sulu Archipelago, as well as in North and Central Amilericear. In the USSR Aralia is known from the Lower Cretaceous to the Sarmatian but the generic relations of some fossils is doubtful, because of their similarity with Sassafras. A.lucifera Krysht. and A.koly- mensis Krysht. are the oldest dicotyledonous plants in the USSR. Aralia baieriana Heer, Upper Cretaceous, Yenisei (Simonova).— A.daphnophyllum Velen., Lower Senomanian, Daralagez.— A. firmi- folia Vasil., Eocene, Karakum (Lake Er-Oilan-Duz).— A. kolymensis Krysht., Lower Cretaceous, Lena-Kolyma (Zyryanka River).— A.koro- vinii Jarm., Upper Cenomanian — Lower Turonian, Kyzyl-Dzhar (Kazakhstan).— A.lucifera Krysht., Aptian (?), Ussuri (Sitsa River, Suchan River).— A. polevoii Krysht., Cenomanian-Tuvonian, Sakhalin (Mgachi, Petrovskii mine, Arkovo-Rudnik).— A. cf. polymorpha Newb., Upper Cretaceous (Danian), western shore of Kamchatka.— A. cf. Saportana Lesq., Danian stage (Burey: Tsagan), Bureya Belogor'ya on Amur.— A.schmalhausenii Pimen., Eocene, U. Dnp. (Mogil'no). = A.tikhonovichii Krysht., Cenomanian- Turonian, Sakhalin (Mgachi). — A.tschulymensis Heer, Upper Cretaceous, Yenisei (Simonova, Chulym River).— Aralia sp., Lower Oligocene, Aral-Caspian (Dzhaman-Kaindy), Upper Oligocene, Lake Balkhasharea (Ashutas) and Sarmatian, Black Sea (Krynka River); Mio-Pliocene, Ob region (Kireevskoe, seeds, 2 species); Pliocene deposits, Kireevskoe on Ob; Middle Oligocene, northern Aral area. 1. Trees with stem bearing prickles; umbels in large branching paniculate inflorescences, these united in large terminal umbel (Section 1, Diieacrgeneraons MIG) See eS oe eee Seb ese ke PA a High perennial herbs, without prickles; inflorescence a terminal panicles (Section:2.« .MerbarealiasNalkat)iuy s ois ona) cicsle: Gielen ee ene 3h 2. Leaflets usually oblong-ovate, with small teeth, conspicuously petioled, petioles 2—5(8)mm; panicles of (1)3—5(7) lateral umbels, the axessor the;secondyordex, tightly arranged. 2.0 NO) glOn cit mene Sire as aciss Kec carics Waiina, Set yop cl RSMAS (SL mrad hic. Ye 2. A.mandschurica Rupr. et Maxim. ar Leaflets usually broadly ovate, with large teeth, sessile, rarely on short, 1—2(4) mm, petiolules; panicles of (1—3)5—15 lateral umbels, axes of the second order sparsely arranged to 13-15 mm long ae TS Ro ae SEA IA CaaROR aC ME pee tad Ur ne SAO Grinders oat 1. A.elata (Miq.) Seem. 3. Inflorescence dense, with tightly arranged axes of the second order 2.5-6(8) cm long, with 3—8 axes of the third order which frequently bear 1—3 axes of the fourth order (if shorter: inflorescence on axes of second order — panicle of 6-14 umbels); umbels of bisexual flowers 15—23mm across; styles connate for “ele LSS ee eee namie Suny, GHONS Neecheeeohciko Hed) OOMBS! Gad tt ond kbio 4. A.continentalis Kitagawa. ats Inflorescence less branching, usually without axes of fourth order, the axes of the second order bearing simple racemes of 2—4 umbels; Sayles connare sow oe yomd) mateo ey eum ieisn i lsncyien einen tiene ane 4. 4. Umbels of bisexual flowers 17—28(30)mm across; axes of second order loosely arranged, 3—15cm (usually 5—9cm), inflorescence not GLENS e ey ue DPM O TS oR Orc. mAmenNen Gmio MaMeEnacs Ca Geet eetenc 3. A.cordata Thunb. 20 26 + Umbels of bisexual flowers 20—35(40)mm across; axes of second order 3—6.5cm, clustered or forming 3-5 multirayed whorls ...... iets teu far rohan igccnceneuonce ceria owe’ lotkgol matte opto, Veh ehvall el im ca 5. A.schmidtii Pojark. Section 1. DIMORPHANTHUS Mig. FI. Ind. Bat.I (1855) 749.— Dimorphanthus Mig. Comment. phytogr. (1840) 95, pro gen. — Low trees, the stems beset with prickles; inflorescence umbel-like, of large terminal panicles on stem or branches. 1. A.elata (Mig.) Seem. in Journ. of Bot. VI (1868) 134; Harms in E.— P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1897) 57; Kudo in Jap. Journ. Bot. II (1925) 269.— Dimorphanthus elatus Mig. Comment. phytogr. (1840) 95.— Aralia canescens S. et Z. in Abh. Akad. Minch. IV, 2 (1845) 202.— A. spinosa Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I (1864) 7,p.p. non L.— A. chinensis var. canescens etvar. glabrescens C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II (1909) Aol lcea Vig. Comments pliytog i. (1840) tab. 12; Miyabe et Kudo, Ic. forest trees Hokkaido, III (1931) tab. 80; Tarasaki,Ic. fl. jap. (1931) tab. 1466. Small tree or shrub, 3—7m high; stem erect, 12-20cm across, simple or with few short terminal transverse branches, bark dark brown, with more or less dense short sturdy prickles, rarely almost without prickles; leaves on long petioles spreading, clustered near stem apex, large, 40— 80cm long, twice pinnately compound, with 2—4 pairs of opposite compound lobes of the first order, bearing 3—13 leaflets and few distal pairs of simple leaves sometimes divided into 1—2, usually asymmetrical lobes; leaf petiole, rachis and petiolules very densely or only slightly pubescent, with brownish yellow hairs, often bearing prickles, these short on rachis and petiolules, longer, to 10-12 mm in axils of leaflet lobes; leaflets sessile or on very short (1—2(4) mm) petioles, 3-13 cm long, 1.4—6(7.5) cm wide, thick, oblong-ovate, rarely elliptic or broadly ovate, usually long-acuminate, always produced into mucro, usually long, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, commonly asymmetrical, sometimes leaves more or less turned up, unequally acutely toothed, the upper side bright green, more or less rugose, glabrous or with scattered bristly hairs, the lower pale, glaucous, with continuous yellowish velutinous pubescence, the hairs denser and longer along veins (var. canescens Pojark. comb. nov. =A.spinosa var. canescens Fr. et Sav., A. spinosa var. elata Sarg., A. chinensis Woiremelataehde, A chinensis vag. canescens (C.K schn, nom Koehne) or bristly, confined to veins (var. oa Wajlbigie sie ems) soja. comb’. MOV ee aeavels Cle NS Sect yr Ay) S\pi OS ay viaign © | albyrrelsie veins @E ere. et Sav., A. spinosa var. canescens Sarg.,non Fr. et Sav., Pere mwiniems is var. came s.celns) Koehne; kN. Ciainme nis iis) yal. glabrescens C.K.Schn.). Inflorescence usually in shape of a large panicle, to 60cm long (sometimes 12—25cm), forming terminal umbel at tip of stem; panicles thin, axes of second order remote, alternate or in part approximate in pairs; in contrast to A. mandshurica these rarely have terminal umbel and the panicles are longer, to 13—15cm, in addition to terminal umbel of bisexual flowers there are (1.3)5—15 lateral umbels (bisexual or staminate flowers), the flowers sessile on 0.5—2.2cm long axes of third order, bearing 3—8 small tuberculate mucronate bracts, 1 to 3 of these subtend very short axes of fourth order, bearing small 21 27 28 umbels of staminate flowers; umbels of bisexual flowers 12—17(22)mm across, the staminate umbels 5—-9mm; pedicels of the former (3)5—8(10)mm of the latter 1.5-3mm; all axial parts of inflorescence densely covered with spreading yellow hairs, flowering markedly staggered, with consider- able intervals between umbels of different orders; calyx of 5 broadly triangular glabrous acute teeth; petals yellowish-white, oblong-ovate, 2.3mm long, 1.25mm wide; stamens longer than petals, anthers ovoid; ovary glabrous, in bisexual flowers ovoid-cylindrical, in the staminate broadly obconical; styles 5, rarely 6, 1—5mm, free or connate below, stigma reddish; fruit 5-6mm across, commonly a 5-partite drupe. Fl. August, Fr. October. Forests, on rich, well-moistened soil.— Far East: Sakh. (S. and Kurile Islands, southern islands, northern boundary on Urup SLE) Described from Japan. Type in Holland? Economic importance. As in the preceding species. Note. Some specimens from Sakhalinaretypically var. glabrescens (Fr. et Sav.) Pojark., with leaves pubescent only along nerves, and stem and peti- _ oles strongly spiny. If A. elata (Miq.) Seem. and A. canescens S. et Z., are distinguished — though there are insufficient grounds for this — var. olabres cens should be called™ As caneseens Sy etv4.. aS) vars canescens (Fr. et Sav.) Pojark. is the type of A. elata. Most speci- mens from Sakhalin differ from the Japanese plants in having broader leaves, with involute margins. All have small, strongly impoverished inflorescences 12—18(25)cm long, with very short (1.5-5cm) second order branches, mostly with single terminal, rarely with 1—3 lateral umbels. In contrast to the impoverished inflorescences of the Japanese plants, the Sakhalin specimens are distinguished by the crowded axes of the second order, in the Japanese plants they are rarely remote. 2. A.mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. phys.-math. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. XV (1857) 134; Seem. in Journ. of Bot. VI (1868) 134; Kom. FI. Man'chzh. III (1905) 123; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 786.— Dimorphanthus mandshuricus Rupr. et Maxim. in Mém. présent. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. IX (1859) 133.— D. elatus Rel. et Maack in Mém. Acad. Sc. Pétersb. VII sér. IV, 4 (1861) 74, non Mig.— Aralia chinensis var. mandshurica Rehd: in Bailey, Cyecl. Amo tors (1900) 82; C.K.Schn. Laubholzk. II, 431.— A. chinensis Nakai in Journ. Colliw se. Lokyoy s Pepe Rd Fame acl es citar valle! fed taidiet bette eyed oMktes tal Kel'fs) (fe) “his 980. Trachydium Lindl Leaflets of involucel large, exceeding umbel; fruit glabrous ...-.-.-.- oN Age aooMe he Laat Oath S aw Se OuiGa tiymaenolaena LC. Leaflets of involucel shorter than umbel; fruit often verrucose.... ee radian Pett Vater) Yoyo ou iota, “shee, Gite releel sirens 979. Aulacospermum Ldb. 50(10). Lateral ribs similar to dorsal (only in Selinum nearly twice 56. lie as long, broadly gaping); seeds subcylindrical, with well developed ell) ojbiaale pal Galgecuc a LOD ALIN Marsa mc cag a dharncths Pewxs Pav ele: organs “aire ores GrMed str 6! 6 ol. Lateral ribs much wider (in Conioselinum and Levisticum only twice as wide), than the often only slightly prominent 3 dorsal ribs, forming marginal wings on mericarps; seeds narrow ....- 100. Ribs slightly protruding; mericarps with narrow commissure... 92. Ribs markedly protruding, sometimes winglike, marginal ribs increase the width of the mericarpS -..-++++++essseeeeees 86. Leaves Gill @mtmtieS oso oo nope ooo ood DDD OD OS 988. Bupleurum L. Leaves (at least the lower) variously dissected or dentate ..... 53. Canals under main ribs large, sometimes in addition to very narrow canals under valleculae; flowers dioecious; petals white, entire, with inrolled apex; leaves thinly GISSECTECG. scooanoo00000000 54. Canals under valleculae well developed, sometimes ribs with very narrow canals adjacent to fibrous bundles; at ripening canals sometimes obliterated; flowers bisexual or polygamous ...--.- DOr Ribs filiform, straight, glabrous or pubescent ... . 989. Trinia Hoffm. Fruit ribbed, transversely rugose or plicate, always glabrous ...-. 55. llega lobes’ =.=. = - ally Mica cited apbaires ratiantalds) aes Wee vole te trope 990. Rumia Hoffm. Fruit ovoid; perennials with short (2-12 aan) WOBUEICSES 90000008 Bearers eixen ie Pah, ehh RN ee ter Eee a teaeneyoe Ledebouriella Wolff. Fruit ribbed, transversely plicate or densely covered with verrucose proceSSeS ..-.-+--. ere Me De ies ait Mea athe Wed let simeh ler RemeR euceio: © 5) Os Riles fullaiitoreraly Stacenysloth | Golo 666 0 oc 0 clo Oo ous no OG ob ola oat 59. Perennial tuberous plants; involucre and involucel present ..... 2 BN AE Load Ogee DOO Se Loca abe bol dse DAOLCD 992. Ormopterum Schischk. Annuals with thin root ..... ROA Sa 8 eget spate ine trop Tein pletweh eee) .'s) 6 58. 35 48 D8. 695. 66. 60115 1 ‘ Secondary ribs broad, spongy, with transverse folds; involucre NISC TAR eo Wo hc G0 Lethe ce OO OMowouciRSinOnowic 993. Szovitsia Fisch. et Mey.. Primary ribs acute, densely covered with white verrucose swellings; HIVCMACTHS Ol DMCBMES cob oocobo con dace 981. Eremodaucus Bge.. Filiform main ribs over canals, alternate with wide or rather prominent accessory ribs, without vascular bundles .......... 60.. Mericarps with only so equally tilitorma main ris) Si) ee lssen nen 62m. Fruit elongate-cylindrical, secondary ribs with stellate bristly IMSS Callyasq=neSua. Suloulleie, wiereewllere 55 S455 996. Cuminum L. . Hein cylindrical Calyx teerar MdCOnS) NCH OU sas tien lcitemlitti ttn meine 615. Mericarps covered with capitate hairs, vallecular canals solitary, 2 at commissure; styles twice as long as stylopodium; annuals Miakiteahos eo Ea eee ee le ole es os ee as totes « O94.” Aphanopleticamincntccam Mericarps glabrous, canals absent; styles shorter than stylopodium Arh OMGE Cnc eiis all oh ah. fai PM ob te) at he MeN ot oe, AoRiee et vcieten eet ects 995. Froriepia C. Koch Plant with strong, subglobular tuber; fruit long-ovoid to linear; vallecular canals usually 2 to 3 or many, usually narrow, rarely solitary; petals white or reddish or greenish-white or yellow... . 63.7 Plant without tubers; —frurt OvOld OFroveld—ey lumdielcall | anne mene 67. IP Susuus) iSO ys PRoncuas como byte OwO. be OnOO, 6 O00, OnyONO Ol OO OO ldo oa oe 64, IPO TAMSMWeAT ES hah cre. alee: oie vol feu arate tole Yel ie, 6 fatter Hela) fel Meh ot lctt’e, Namie Rae oe 65. Calyx-teeth short, petals greenish-yellow; vallecular canals resinous, Solitary, 2 canals aticommissune ~~. .) .).). 1012. Korshinskya Lipsky. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous, petals yellow; vallecular canals resinous 2—3, 4—6 canals at commissure .... 1011. Muretia Boiss. Tuber hidden deeply in soil; perennial, radical leaves 1, rarely 2—3 eae, Ss Pee OR De ark aon bate hats we 1007. Bunium L. Tuber close to surface; annual or biennial; radical leaves few or MOBO, Goleb oO OOD OO Ol git OOOO OD GOO Dame Oooo oo ooo - =» OGm Vallecular canals solitary, 2 canals at commissure, ribs dilated winglike, involucre absent, terminal lobes of leaves lanceolate 4 BR chat ey a eh Ae TARR Ste eat ROM Ge ee aO oE NG 1010. Seselopsis Schischk. Vallecular canals 1—4, 2—10 canals at commissure, ribs filiform; involucre always present; terminal lobes of leaves filiform or GayOMUMiOreIaA oo 6 Od Ooo GIOG 6 0100 00 6 1009. Hymenolyma Korovy. Fruit cordate-cylindrical, often geminate or only slightly elongate; viallecular canals) 2—3 Or many Om a@bSemt ar sia sens tcneueememam mente 68. Fruit oblong-oval or ovoid-cylindrical, vallecular canals nearly SIDED (SH SUMS MSU abo dag ClO -GOuoholCeGeGio Od Dhowumored 6G 8 oo 6 4 6c 0 (65). Plant subacaulescent, the leaves of the radical rosette subtending simple long-peduncled umbels mixed with compound umbels ..... aikesicmebtet a ore ie; ones. Cathar amet cc Tame nner ot vate 1013. Chamaesciadium C.A. M. ptenrsmwell developed sumibeliss aliway/SeCcoOmap Oui Gea -0 men aintn nnn 69. IMIONWTEeS) VEINOW, =o oe d oO OOo oO Oo oh co 6 1016. Reutera Boiss. Blowers! white: Ory pile 6 woe ce cn ch hsm 8 ot oh «: cap rpeet cries tunel iol cure nen neuen tS 70. (Calbypx=weCula Ileieees oeIcSuSieine Goo 6 Bob Oo AO co le (Cell yexq1SSilal WACO MS ONCUOWIS, Bosh Guo bos Sold ooo So Saco oo oo oS tae Umbels on short stalks, opposite leaves; albumen surrounded by COmaoeir wile OPCS Gabo 5b 604050656 1020. Berula C. Koch. Umbels on more or less long stalks, not opposite leaves; vallecular CAMENS A GieCUS OS ~ edgscocecgocoo caso adoo 1019. Sium L. 36 Ves WD. 1@e 80. 81. 82. Canals obliterated in ripe fruit; styles short; leaves commonly ternate-compound, very rarely twice pinnate ...1018. Aegopodium L. Vallecular canals in groups of 2-3 or many; styles long; leaves simple or many times pinnate, rarely entire or simple-ternate ... 73. Leaves entire, rounded or ternate or ternate-spatulate; fruit glabrous, rugose; perennialS ......... 1017. Albovia Schischk. Leaves commonly simple or twice pinnate, rarely radical leaves aiinire, aia! tnein jolleiay eliaeiel So 6 6 oo bo OOOO a oe Oooo 74, Albumen broadly concave at commissure; fruit obpyriform, asymmetrical, mericarps separating with difficulty .......... SoCo me BOO oO oS Laie irae Se ee ee Oa Ie Aniiscim: Gaertn. Albumen flat at commisure; fruit ovoid or globular-ovoid, carpo- PACT SWS/ PARMAR temeipe tents) ol alee fell l= eine be SP Chums Det 1014. Pimpinella L. Fruit ovoid cylindrical or markedly inflated, cordate-germinate, often wider than high, smooth or finely verrucose or scabrous- pubescent; vallecular canals nearly always single; petals oval, ACMLEWANGMehiLinTexorErObOvateranG MMOtCheelam. \eiee can latlomeimcb ct ellie!) otal oils 76. Fruit oblong-ovoid or 2 cylindrical inward curved mericarps, narrower than high, always smooth; canals solitary (Glin, (Ce ie Tw aa sometimes 2—3); petals white or pink, with claws, obcordate, with iianyeuecl CULAYEGC HO) coco ooo Oooo O PS eat meer ic Fears PRN Cots tae Bile Petals yellowish-green, often with reddish stripes; mericarps with 5 prominent ribs; terminal lobes of leaves long-filiform ...... MAPS SH RL SII. aenemeE ne eal hele se S crue eed (HORNS TS 5 999. Petroselinum Hoffm. IPerallis Wide ~-5'5 oo 06 Aire bGnet (ALER me cee Oars CA Oi ee Rn SE BE nha cue ete rate Calyx-teeth larce, foliate, persistent). .2).). is. 2. 1001. Cicuta L. Calyx-teeth absent or very tiny, inconspicuous ............. 78. Fruit scabrous, at least verrucose-scabrous along ribs; petals with deeply cordate incision, plicate, with inward curved tip ........ Bc) 3. ONE) DA ORC UCL ORE Gate DEO ACR OB OUG MOUS DEER Coar boty 1002. Trachyspermum Link. Paauit Simo0thy ribs markedly protruding) | sh.) Gi .isi. ehete) ey sieges te - oe Petals rounded, broadly notched, with broad inward curved lobe; vallecular canals extend from apex to middle of fruit where they LeIgiMiMakew iy Cla vatereschONSlOMs estate neues analeiiaNlcl mtclle Herne 1000. Sison L. Petals oval, acute, entire, straight or with inrolled tip; vallecular canals extend over entire fruit; umbels distinctly opposite leaves; Gang pOpPhOremtwiCceS Tac wn AcS Mpyremes FeMeile! la) (ale yaytelitels cite Nelilcl oWiol'ellstt sil». 1 He 80. Involucre of 1—7 leaflets, Han Gl Ces of 5—6 triangular- lanceolate, S-ineryvecl Ieeualleusl 46 oo 6 do 4 6 ood o6 Go 998. Helosciadium Koch. Involucre and involucel wanting ......2.2-s.s.s-e+24---s QO. Avorn, Ibi Umbels without involucres, together forming paniculate corymb; mericarps with solitary vascular bundles under 5 primary ribs and 2 broad ribs at commissure; leaves palmately 3—5-fid, with delicate, broad ovate-lanceolate, dentate lobes ...... 1103. Cryptotaenia DC. Flowers in regular compound umbels with or without involucre; mericarps with only 5 vascular-fibrous bundles; leaves never Silianjolle. => Baim] ge ole 6 coed io GioloLg 6 660 68o 6 ood GO oo om GG ailb 82. Petals deeply bipartite, obliquely obovate, 1 petal bigger than the rest, with median apical lobe sessile at depth of incision; leaflets of MMVOMUCrsewoK ti Geo gomamMate wire -uehieileMlsm se) ee eych eeblon ol ta «lou 1004. Ammi L. ay D1 83. 84. Petals faintly obcordate-notched or slightly 2-lobed, lobes equal; petals at base of incision with transverse fold, from which emerges the incurved tip, involucre absent or of 1—2 caducous leaflets .... 83. InvoluccelanGsinvolncelsoinna lini pasate) =ualaten 1028. Schultzia Spreng. If present, involucres and involucels entire or 3-lobed ......... 84, Fruit narrowly oblong; primary ribs with large, tangentially attenuate or flat bundles of sclerenchyma; calyx-teeth conspicuous; leaves thrice pinnate, lobes of the last order serrate or dentate.... PRC Re Ch Osha cEatOpa to tb Osose ole! cer: Do cGy Ole 1005. Falcaria Berth. Fruit oblong-ovoid; primary ribs filiform, with thin, stereomatic bundles cylindrical or triangular in cross section; calyx-teeth inconspicuous) Oriabsent;, lobes of the last order entices see ee 85. Stylopodium large, cylindrical-conical, with undulant base; marginal nos sllicladhy clilentecl 4 Gao 6 mc ob 5 oo 1008. Zeravschania Korov. Stylopodium short-conical; marginal ribs not dilated .......... SN GRALD YohG. Seem kon Gee Chieeno Re Ena ee che nO Fc 3} ale se sl sue. 2) LOOGIyCarcunamin 86.(51). Petals yellow or greenish-yellow or greenish; fruit ovoid- 88. 89. 910. cylindrical, cylindrical in cross section or dorsally compressed .. Petals) white, -eddish, straw-colored or sreenish-whitesiteaeee- lens 88. Petals greenish-yellow or greenish, oblong-elliptic or obovate, with thickened midrib protruding on both sides; involucel absent ...... Si Selec cake aah shich Gatto es EE MSAG) fe, Sa MEIER cei eek owe ew. . L050. Silaus Bern Petals omen yellow, broadly ovate, with broad, nearly flat, broadly obtuse inward curved tip; involucels and involucres absent; leaves thinly dissected, lobes of the last order capilliform-filiform or subulate; marginal ribs slightly more developed than the 3 dorsal ribs; fruit cylindrical in cross section; plant pale green, at least above (especially young inflorescences and fruit), with more or less conspicuous bluish stripes; leaf sheaths usually 3—6cm long, the upper possibly much shorter, with reduced nearly obsolete blades; petals 0.75—-1 mm long, to 1-1.25mm wide; flowers 2mm across it, a teeiodew sf Soren’: Sey, as Devine ore, calh. see ee eee. Coe eine at 1029. Foeniculum Mill. Fruit shortly ovoid-cylindrical or obclavate, with broad obtuse stylopodium (in Oenanthe, this is always glabrous); ribs wingless, thick-filiform or broadly triangular, or lateral ribs slightly winglike, thicker than the dorsal; mericarps dorsally triangular-round in cross section or subround, not flattened; fruit smooth or pubescent Fruit ovoid-cylindrical, not dorsally compressed, smooth; all ribs Similar, narrowly winged, the marginal slightly broader; seeds broad, often pentagonal-rounded; petals white, greenish-white or CSCS Wwe. ob 6 Oe Oooo OOK oO Sooo oe ere es Se Sear) A 955 Seeds encircled by numerous canals; wall of fruit ine. thickened, much wider than seeds; these irregularly cylindrical, convex at commissure; sea-shore plant, with fleshy once-twice pinnate leaves and entire linear-lanceolate 1-nerved lobes,...... o) Shenae Monee cata eho fd de Mel eveelta, at icnee lie. Giiicadd, 2 olO2t i @remutaraatiiaameen Canals under valieculae single (in some species of Seseli 2-4) _. aac HAD Lace ap et ieW isin saab oqcgtew oh on ng ccinucly ane 3 ae 9, ge MLS Ce ONCE. 98 0 tee a 9Ge) Ribs filiform, equal or else the marginal ones slightly thickened; petals obcordate, with inturned tip; fruit glabrous or pubescent .. Sale ob 6 OOo oO 6 sooo noe ayfshae) SHBG Rebasel alist sok siiteare Nel ah eon a? oad eke oats 8 bbe 92. 95. or OMe 98. All ribs wide, thickened and cortically inflated, the lateral barely larger than the dorsal ..- 22 - eee ee eee ee ee eee ee eee 93), Flowers subsessile; fruit not splitting ....... SRAM OL p07: OLOdONO EO Sate oor km St SOS Rr 1025. Sphoenocarpus Korov. Flowers on more or less long pedicels, rarely subsessile, but then frUPcOAGilyes pith o ws seeker oreha Serle) oMePeiion Els “opel Aiateaiet veiw) 92. Calyx-teeth long-subulate, deciduous; involucre multifoliate; leaflets of involucel always free; fruit nearly always pubescent. . Lees an a ee FR a ers: Baie OO bee MN Cercier 1023. Libanotis L. Calyx-teeth short and thick, persistent; involucre often absent; leaflets of involucels often fused proximally or to middle; fruit glabrous or pubescent ......+-+--2-2- Shc oa ecm 1024. Seseli L. Ribs thickened, usually bearing stiff scales or pubescent; sub- aeamlescemt plait eh sictien cits CEE y. RSA is 1022. Stenocoelium Ldb. Ribs on mericarps smooth, glabrous; plant with developed leafy SHE ts SYED Eel LSS RM I SO URSIN Ges Ne aay TEs. CISTI CRIS 8 Gos sce 94. Carpophore absent or adnate to fruit wall; fruit tapering above seeds to beak bearing 5 large lanceolate teeth from split calyx, tipped by bicornute stylopodium; ribs broad, obtuse; swamp and Weare POleNane Gio oe bb uoNo wo Ba OG Soo a cOblOy DLO SOR OF Geach o 1026. Oenanthe L. Carpophore developed, calyx-teeth inconspicuous; fruit ovoid- cylindrical, keeled, triangular in cross section; annual herbs, umbels without involucre, plants easily recognized by the one-sided, oblong-linear, acuminate, extrorse, recurved leaflets of involucel Sree ae aS Ste HES wh, CAs hee ee ah ee Wh UG dae OZ Tabet husa IL. Vallecular canals single or 2—3, always distinct ............- 96. Vallecular canals 3 or more, sometimes very small; bundles of dorsal ribs in cross section round or ovate, never Striate; maneinal wis United Lmsparwsy Lc) se eae Meets eee ee) si cfhoie) uel a) «he Ie. Ribs not equal, in cross section marginal, twice as large as the acutely winged dorsal ribs; marginal ribs of mericarps remote from commissure (mericarps united only by narrow stria); fruit at this time 10-winged; rib bundle striate in cross section; styles much longer than stylopodium; ribs of stem sometimes acute above, usually thinly winged Soak hen area cate wea HOS Zey Selmar I Ribs nearly equal, with opposite marginal ribs fused along com- missure, and mericarps largely fused; entire fruit 8-ribbed; ribs OM StemMmlesis' acuteymMeveKnmw ia sedge is) cho telletle Wer oo'e, ce el celtediel =) ==) olor OT. Winged ribs of fruit strongly undulant distally .......+..-+-..- IDE ese eel e siicweeehinte a. 3 Ce omomoaic fd. auoll ond 1033. Hyalolaena Bge Ribs of fruit not spreading SRR ties mene Re Se Be Lo Se Ribs of fruit hollow, the fruit wall becoming easily detached from seed; bundle of ribs striped in cross section; styles twice as long as stylopodium; branching of leaf petiole of first order directed perpendicularly or downwards; leaflets of involucel with narrow distinct whitish margin, with obtuse papillae .....-.....-+.-2e-. Giteucigtoate Loactect aera ka toa Pee eee ean ate O 36 aC enolophium: Koc. Ribs filled; seed adnate to fruit wall; styles 3 times as long as stylopodium or even longer; first order branches of leaf vetiole less spreading; leaflets of involucel with margin smooth, bearing etterpa pillar OirrCilaatem ia. Iotremctio ioltouetuelas oP outst te 1031. Cnidium Cuss. 39 54 99. Albumen with distinct furrow, ribs obtuse, nearly filiform, slightly oo a petals with slightly recurved barely notched tip : ALCO RY ae OMOE CO IOUCTACTEO NTI ORO Cr Gr Cp Cet a cule) les 1035. Pachypleurium Ldb. ais ee flat or slightly impressed; ribs thinner, more markedly protruding, more or less winged; petals usually distinctly obcordate-notched, with infolded tip; lobes of the last order flat, sometimes very narrow ---.-- Peer oy Ore, Oe 1034. Ligusticum L. 100(50). Marginal wings of mericarps ee nen outside margin gaping (approximate only in Conioselinu m); fruit dorsally elliptic, rounded or slightly cordate at base +++ ++++++e2e eee ees 101. ate Marginal wings of both mericarps firmly appressed .....--- 1103 101. Albumin of seed flat (orthospermous) .+++-+.+-ee+eeee- « . Lom ay Albumen of seed crescent-shaped or nearly horseshoe-shaped, incurved or plano-incised (campylospermous) .......2+...-. 108. 102. Leaves twice-thrice pinnate, with long turbinate inflated sheaths; mericarps broadly approximate; 3 dorsal ribs winged, as long as ne the width of the marginal ribs; bundle in primary ribs absent PR AEA SUE ot? MONCH Os EOE ICR RO ae gc ONL RES Boric 1037. Conioselinum Fisch. ar Leaves ternate-dissected and many times pinnatipartite or pinnatifid; commissure very narrow. Marginal wings gaping about middle of fruit; 3 dorsal ribs much less protruding, not winged or very slightly so (cf. Levisticum and Coelopleurum); bundles in all ribs distinct, in dorsal ribs near middle, in the marginal ones near baS€ +++ eee eee ee ee ee ee eee ee eens 103. 103. Calyx-teeth ovate, ‘/3 to '/, the length of the petals -...--+.--: 104, as Calyx-teeth inconspicuouS -+-+++-eseeeeeeees 2, goatee) na 105. 104. Petals yellowish-greenish, umbel rays conspicuously unequal; leaves not curved-geniculate ...--+.-. 1044. Xanthogalum Lallem. ate Petals white, umbel rays nearly equal; leaves geniculate-curved ISEMONY og oedeo 6 O00 oc Seach solr Saronaee Liemerseh ore 1038. Ostericum Hoffm. HO S- Resinous canals numerous, encircling seed ...+..+-+++-+-2ee+e-s ape Oils toetlanameneatie tens wpe s) sie leteyopewe «1040, Archangelveay ronines: at 1—3 resinous canals in valleculae ......++..-2-e++2-22es 106. 106. Dorsal and marginal ribs differing very little in width ........ Re eh ats: watts, eel tan sie cee ele e cee er + (e LO41., Coeloplexmunidacdeas aly Dorsal ribs filiform or narrowly winged, the marginal ones Clie dimeretels Gicbées ok cots ee ney panes § Jetod erya® pitlatd: cayessieule enema 107. OV fee Petals white or greenish-whitish ---.-+..-..- -- 1039. Angelica L. + Petals whitish-yellowish ..++.++++e-e-s-- 1045. Levisticum Hill. 108. Seeds adnate to pericarp -«++++++-+-eee-- 1046. Glehnia Schmidt. + Seeds crescent-shaped, readily separating ++++++-++--s ---- 109. Oe Dorsal ribs acute or obtuSe ---++-.-++-+e-s 1042. Agasyllis Spreng. + Dorsal ribs narrowly winged -..++.ee- 1043. Chymsydia Alb. IO: Marginal wings of both mericarps firmly appressed at least at outer margin, forming thin or thickish ring (but not inflated-flattened at outer margin); much more protruding than slightly protruding dorsal ribs, their bundles single, if2, then only 1 very close to base of WLM Giics yoertecs & seintws enlelse we Shere lece) ayes Sense staged mene 118 ar Margins of wings of mericarps indurate, thickened, firmly appressed at outer margin. Marginal wings with single proximal nerves (or nerve at base of cross section) thickening outwards; 40 55 56 120. in central part of mericarp margins further enlarged, 3 dorsal ribs not or only very slightly protruding ---++.-.++++..-e-ee-s 132. Annual plants, mericarps boat-shaped 1051. Cymbocarpum DC. Perennials or biennials; mericarps never boat-shaped ------ NB. Carpophore obsolete; fruit not splitting, vittae not discernible; acaulescent plant -+++++-+--. ---+-+ 1068. Symphyoloma C.A.M. Carpophore free, vittae often well developed, above-ground stem present se eee eee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee Lis, Umbels simple, subsessile, inflorescence branched >++++++++=:>s 5 oO G86 OG OO DOO OO DO 60 Oo OOO 6 0 010 01010 O10 00 1059. Dorema Don. UhenloGlls C@ianNOWNAG! Soon ooo ob oo bo oo ano OOS Sooo oo OO. 114. Lateral bundles remote from the dorsal, albumen and endocarp AGMAteRtO MN SOC ATM” Gis) cere /stien ey et eh ei lish er ten es hehe etsy vers 1067. Pastinaca L. Bundles of all ribs equidistant; dorsal ribs filiform or obscure, albumen and endocarp adnate to pericarp «+ -+++++eeeseeeese Wal 5}, Canals small, numerous, encircling albumen -++-++++-+++++-+e:s 00-6 0.0.0 6 6-000 010-0 00 0,010 00 oo 000 0000 1058. Ferulago Koch. Canals in valleculae 1—3, at commissure 2—4 (in Ferula often forming a ring, but then nearly obliterated and superficial) ...:- 116. Flowers bisexual, allumbels equal, canals in valleculae --+-+--- Lilt. Flowers polygamous, bisexual in terminal umbel, staminate in lateral, canals often encircling seedS §:++++s+seese=- eee 127. Fruit convex dorsally 640100100 0 0 Do O16 wile tahte. betel slike ell of fel ete) sete Waly Fruit nearly flat dorsally ++ +++ estes este eee ee eee ees OE Petals a bright egg-yellow, more or less rounded, with obtuse Square incurved lobe; fruit narrowly winged; annualS -::::-; . 609000008 0065000005600 06 000 0100 5 b.o 0 6070 1064. aaa kee 1s Petals white, margins of mericarps not winged -+:++++-++=+--. ial). Ovary glabrous; leaves bi- or triternate, with rounded large leaflets; involucel of 1-2mm long leaflets---- 1061. Laser Borkh. Ovary densely covered with transverse processes, almost obliterated at ripening; leaves bi- or tripinnate, with small narrowly ovate lobeS -++++++-++=s=s 1050. Saposhnikovia Schischk. All main ribs equally thickened, the marginal without wings or bark-like thickening; canals 3—4 in valleculae, 6 at commissure oO CO OO OD OOO OO OOO OOO ODO OOO bo OO oO 1047. Palimbia Bess. Marginal ribs winged or with thick bark-like edges -+++-++-+:>s Ze Canals in 2 series, outer — 1 canal in each of the valleculae, the inner of numerous narrow canals; root thick cylindrical, involucre andeinvolucelpmes emt is.) =) 'i'=n el) =) oi) -1 2) ne) 1066. Mogoltavia Korov. Canalisisingliepnivallecullacs 2—6)at Commrssuige sane cious. bate 122. Plant with superficial tuber, flowers always white, biennials SW he cn Sh ch ab ss OMT OER o Relte ton ee cadet ol 6 eis ol OG de Ocdibasis kKs-Pol; Perennials with more or less thickened root, flowers white or CMO WARPELTS =. cu ck. cheb ch owes culou op ev se ches Sulsice ete ged Seek Lee ome 6: 1 Noh aeaeeIeN LAS. WMlevesningll ieWos Walle, MeieirOur Oie eORGC! WHIMS 6 boc o 60 b 6 o Oc 124, Marginal ribs with thickish, bark-like margins, not winged .... 125. Root a short cylindrical tuber .... 1065. Korovinia Nevski et Vved. FVOOMMEIE Gat Oe GTO erie seneiettet ) @ Moen enn) & Ne 1062. Peucedanum L. 4] 5) + Petals*yellow, canals, 2—=6'at 'commiissunew es siya seve - ie ere a! (5)- 126. Valleculae with 3 canals; albumen flat ... 1060. Opopanax C. Koch. ats Valleculae with single large canal; albumen crescent-shaped ... a Semen emo Se A Samed Sa SSS 2 ro LOS To lmmen vam ee ZT e Mericarpstasyimimerricaly ss sah.) wees .netree ctr 1057. Komarovia Korov. oF Mericarps symmetrical ..... A Seok Gobo Dodero Gn re > 128. In ripe fruit canals inconspicuous; lower leaves biternate ...... ia emtenete eee 6 ES oe wel RY ily ae LO0O4S Madyaoimarinasem a Canals distinet, variously disposed Ba.ane i om GPs eee 129. Mericarps densely pubescent at commissure ....... Payee 130. 1 Mericarps glabrous at commissure sits PERL es ee cook Lam 130. Root with more or less developed tubers; fruit densely pubescent Bo ot ROMO woo dee SS ae Me NOG Schumann ar hau ae at Root not tuberous; fruit glabrous ....... 1055. Eriosynaphe DC. Sales Umbelis*capitate) HloweRSeSe Sisileecnc citencnaptentem 1053. Soranthus Ldb. = Hiowers*tiypically, pedicellate fin ., onan tens Biri Fo bs 1052. Ferula L. 132(110). Marginal ribs of mericarps thick, with inflated or rugose thickenings; canals narrow, single in valleculae; annuals, rarely DUCMMTAIS Tle. tel et. he rene medi ioe) ot atte Sou ae te An oe 6 Hc Se chet 133. a Marginal ribs smooth, thin or equally thickened ........ . Ot Se UBBo Allpumenstlatiogks lightly Concaye wir. mee lene nms 1176. Tordylium L. st AMipuimen deeply ce encavieny War tae -tcleh a nen one 1075. Ormosciadium Boiss. 134, Peralse yelllowe) 2 arc. oh ebiet otieleh atte ea.g Sas 1071. Malabaila Hoffm. aF Petals whiterranely violet—reddishy (reer. eee ke vel aeeen ot ieee mane 1355 1S). Commissure and valleculae without canals; petals reddish-violet; plant spreading on ground; stem 10-20cm ...... TIO Bcy to toes Bc areetatel 6 wheels) hel ie HP ceelie He + SOT4.+ PastinacgopsismGoloctke + Canals under valleculae present; petals white; stem more or GSS) Inyo. CIRSCE one 6 5 6 feo SS MSs BABES temen Sas ere » oR SiGe 136. Canals not reaching base of fruit, usually arcuate, often slightly TaTlaynecl Chis eo Gone SO GS en ok 6 vee. « 1069.4 Heracletma sas a Canals reaching base of fruit, not inflated distally ......... 137. Hite Petals hairy outside; canals very narrow, often 3 in valleculae ETO) ecu eGR Oat diac tells eo eles eitelcetete 6) ssi MOM: {Stenotdenrawbencan + Petals: glabrous outside; canals single in valleculae ....... 138. 138. Marginal petals in Russian species barely enlarged; mericarps with sharply defined inflated-thickened margin ......... ogo + UConn ot ao ts oob oe oh oh oo aaa as see ee LOT2.. Zosimiartlosime ae Marginal petals enlarged; mericarps without sharply defined IVa OUNN Steen 6 eee e ve LOT PlatytacnianNeuskyser Vi vede 139(8). Secondary ribs bearing spines, primary dorsal ribs with bristles i del eh laltctes-c) kal oie/o tare elt cile Wat lah eiah toh’ /a RaWaihon cual lean abasttelteteles 1079. Daucus L. ts Secondary ribs winged; fruit without spines ........ ote) RO. OL Oe 140. Main? ribs narrowly winged. Ss 2). 20.) ay. 1077. Polylophium Boiss. AP Main ribs filiform Bo fo or eo uch tc 0 10 06 1078. Laserpitium L. Subfamily I. HYDROCOTYLOIDEAE* Drude in E.— P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 116.— Fruit markedly compressed laterally, with strongly keeled * Treatment by E.G.Bobrov. 42 58 prominent midrib; mericarps 5—9-ribbed, lateral ribs often faint; endo- carp lentiform, compressed, woody, acutely keeled, surrounding small seed; calyx scars obscure; vittae and carpophore absent. Perennial herbs, with decumbent rooting stems and entire or lobed leaves; inflorescence subcapitate, usually on axillary peduncles. Genus 939. HYDROCOTYLE* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 234; A. Roch. Monogr. (1820) 24, p.p. Calyx-teeth absent, margin hardly discernible; petals white, entire; fruit markedly compressed laterally; mericarps subcylindrical, with prominent sharp keel-shaped dorsal rib, lateral ribs faintly developed, marginal ribs at commissure; endocarp a hard flat cup containing flat keeled seed. Perennial, sometimes biennial herbs, with creeping stems, usually rooting at nodes; leaves with narrowly coriaceous Stipules, rounded or reniform, crenate or faintly lobed; peduncles axillary or almost opposite leaves; flowers few, short-pediceled, in capitate whorls or in simple raceme, on filiform peduncles, small, bisexual; leaflets small, deciduous. Over 50 species mainly in the southern hemisphere — some including the Russian H. vulgaris L. — and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. ii perOr emus): le. vy Uo ares ler. 1. Leaves and peduncles borne on rooting nodes of stem; leaves peltate or reniform-triangular, with open basal notch ----+--+--++-+-+-+-:- 2h + Leafy branches with peduncles borne at rooting nodes of stem; basal notch of leaf imbricately closed -..-....-.-.-- 3. H.ramiflora Maxim. 2. Leaves rounded, peltate, simple or bicrenate to faintly lobed, petiole AAS ASC! VO) “CS averse mars causes a A ee, ce eevee crema moray Ms 1._H. vulgaris L. a Leaves reniform or triangular-cordate, with very excentric petiole, narrow cordate base, deeply lobed, with median lobe cut to middle of LSEUE RE Set o RNS EE oe ee ONS CeCe Cae gee et Meme meter OmIoUCS 2. H.ranunculoides L. ieecevulearic 1. Sp. ppl. (1753) 284; Al Rich. Monogr. 25; db. El. Bessel. Zot, Boiss. Mievor.s Uo20. shmial to. Hib 3635 sGrLosse., bal. eee Pom Ue: eas Wich WionOgie. inele) tego til. wl Via. at. LOO >, Hees 220. Hxs.: GAR. E. No. 26l8; Fl exs. reip. Boh. slov. No. 436. Perennial or biennial. Stem thin, glabrous, creeping, 10—60(100) cm, rooting, glabrous, bearing leaves and peduncles at nodes; petioles with small rounded stipules, with spreading hairs above; blade rounded, 1.5-4cm across, glabrous above, often hairy beneath, flat, crenate or bicrenate to faintly lobed, peltately with petiole in center of leaf. Inflorescence solitary or 2—3 on thin peduncle, half the length of the adjacent petiole or shorter; flowers subsessile, few, crowded; bracts per flower, ovate, coriaceous; petals ovate, flat, white, ca. 0.75mm long, longer than stamens; fruit with * From the Greek hydor — water, kotyle — dish, umbilicus; referring to the habitat of H. vulgaris L. and to the shape of its leaves. 43 59 60 ellipsoid flat side,ca. 2mm long, wider than long, with reddish verrucae; styles slightly removed, becoming recurved, longer than stylopodium. July. Moist places, marshes, sometimes in water.— European part: Balt. (forests near Riga and Liepaja, W. Estonia), U. Dnp. (after old reports for Minsk); Caucasus: W.Transc. (Poti, Batumi, Kobuleti, Skurcha), S. Transc. (Echmiadzin — doubtful record), Tal. (Lenkoran). Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Rue., N. Med. Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. H. ranunculoides L. fil. Suppl. (1781) 177; Rich. Monogr. 55; Urban invBer,. Deutsch. Bots Gesellischewily lion wren abet anaes es © Ieee Neuere Neapol. I (1788) XX, tab. 6, B; A. Rich. Monogr. 54; Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 820; Shmal's),Hl. 1383; Grossp.) Pl Kavk, ly Vis.— le.: “AyRiehs Meneremtye0r Wicoain iia Miewet, Ct IiClall, JPL. Ireasttl, Xl, il, tals 76, I. Perennial glabrous plant; leaf 0.8-—7cm wide, broadly reniform or triangular-cordate, rarely subrounded, usually lobed with deeply cut terminal lobe, rarely all lobes equal, shortish, base of leaves with deep and open notch. Peduncles much shorter than petioles of adjacent leaves, becoming curved; inflorescence capitate, 4-15-flowered; bracts often fused, very thinly scarious; petals 1—1.3mm long, longer than filaments, disk flat or slightly convex, pedicels in fruit 0.5—2.5, rarely to 5mm; fruit 2-4mm wide, plano-convex. July. Moist places, introduced.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Batumi, Chakva), Tal. (Lenkoran). Gen. distr.: Ethiopia, Madagascar, on the American continent from the U.S. to Argentina. Described from Mexico. Type in London. 3. H.ramiflora Maxim. in Bull. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. XXXI (1887) 46; Grossg., Opredel. 213. Perennial dull, glabrous plant; main stem decumbent, rooting at nodes, nearly leafless, producing from axils of ascending annual shoots leafy and flower-bearing branches, 10—15cm long; leaves peltate- rounded, 1—2(3) cm wide, with notch usually imbricately covered; blade flat, very faintly 7- lobed, the lobes obtusely tricrenate; stipules large, broadly ovate, brown scarious. Peduncles exceeding adjacent leaves, apparently opposite; umbels capitate, many-flowered 2-3m; fruit smooth. July. Moist shady places.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Colchis). Gen. distr.: Japan. Described from Hakodate. Type in Leningrad. Note. This plant was certainly introduced. Recently it has started to spread in the subtropical regions of the USSR. Genus 940. CENTELLA* L. L. Pl. rar. Afr. (1760) 28 et in Amoen. Acad. VI (1764) 112 emend. Urban in Mart. et Eichl. Fl. Brasil. XI, 1 (1879) 286; Drude in EP. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1897) 119, pp.; Domin in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 155 Calyx-teeth absent; petals entire; disk flat at anthesis, becoming conical; styles at inner margin of disk filiform; fruit laterally compressed, nearly * Diminutive form of the word centrum (kentron) — Spear, dart; referring to the small point on the unripe fruit consisting of the styles. 61 flat, with narrow commissure, bordered by main dorsal ribs, the median and lateral ribs arcuate, protruding, all ribs anastomosing; seeds compressed laterally. Decumbent perennial herbs rooting at nodes; leaves entire, crenate or nearly lobed; petioles dilated to scarious sheath, with 2 basal scales; inflorescence compound-umbelliform, subcapitate, few- flowered; leaflets of involucre 2—4; flowers often unisexual, terminal umbel fertile, 2 lateral umbels sterile. About 20 species, most in South Africa and Madagascar; three are common to SE Asia, one is widespread in the USSR, where it has been introduced. ype Omspeciase 1G. wivelosiamde. 1. C.asiatica (L.) Urban in Mart. et Eichl. Fl. Brasil. XI, 1 (1879) 26; Domin in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLII, 1586; Grossg., Opredel. 213.— Hydrocotyle asiatica L. Sp. pl. (1753) 234; A. Rich. Monogr. 40.-— eee uC eamia eet he rel rasta XU, a tab. uke. cl. Perennial; stem creeping, juvenile stem pubescent, rooting at nodes, branching; leaves in bundles, rounded-reniform, 2—5cm long, 7—9-nerved, regularly crenate, with deep, more or less open basal notch; petioles 3 to 5 times as long as blade, pubescent especially in upper part, nerves at base with 2 ovate scarious, wilting scales, blade with pubescent nerves. Peduncles 2—4 in each bundle of leaves, half the length of the petioles or more, terminating in small head of 3—4 flowers; leaflets of involucre lanceolate, 3-4; flowers subsessile, pink; petals ca. 1.5 mm long; stamens half the length of the petals; fruit brown, ca. 3mm long, 3-4mm thick, 1 mm wide, ribbed, with anastomosing lateral ribs. July. Moist localities, introduced. — Caucasus: W.Transc. (between Batumi and Salibauri). Gen. distr.: W.Iran, SE Asia — from Ceylon to Japan — Indonesia, Oceania. Described from India. Type in London. Note. In E. Asia (Indonesia, China) this plant is used as a tonic and in the treatment of skin diseases. Its uses in the treatment of leprosy attracted the attention of researchers who recognized crystals of asiaticoside with the general formula C54HggOb3 (Nature, 1949, No. 4137). Subfamily Il. SANICULOIDEAE* Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 135; Wolff in Pflazr. Heft 61,1.— Endocarp parenchymatous with accumulations of crystals of calcium oxalate; fruit covered with scales, bristles or spines; styles 2; stylopodium annular-flat or infundibular; carpophore absent, intracostal or intercostal canals large; mericarps with 1 ovule. Flowers in heads or simple umbels. Tribe 1. SANICULEAE Drude in E.—P Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 135; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 47.— Inflorescence of bisexual, sessile flowers or heads with bisexual and pistillate flowers on short pedicels with peripheral sessile pedunculate staminate heads disposed in simple umbels; calyx-teeth distinct; petals constricted with recurved lobe; stigma capitate. * Treatment by E.G.Bobrov. 45 62 Genus 941. SANICULA * L. L. Sp. pl. (1758) 235; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 48 Flowers in simple umbels, peripheral, staminate flowers pediceled, pistillate flowers sessile; calyx-teeth distinct; petals with recurved lobe; stylopodium flat; styles filiform, short or much longer than calyx-teeth; fruit oblong, covered with hamate spines; carpophore absent; mericarps smooth or granular, ventrally narrow; intercostal canals 5, large. Perennial and biennial herbs, with palmatipartite leaves with cut lobes, scariously dentate, the teeth terminating in bristles. About 50 species from nearly all over the world, the Arctic and Australia excepted. The three Soviet species are associated with the herbaceous cover of broadleaved forests. 1. Flowers dark red; leaflets of involucre foliate, lanceolate or linear, to 3cm long, 4 mm wide -----+-+---+--. 1. S.rubriflora Fr. Schmidt. AF Flowers greenish; leaflets of involucre small, often obsolete, 1-3mm long See etree eet ak ae ee Ra eee Oe CE ch eM CUR ACEC enema bdio fie CoO OO 8 Di 2. Styles shorter than calyx-teeth; blades of radical leaves broadly rounded, the lobes broadly lanceolate; Far East. ...3. S.chinensis Bge. ats Styles much longer than calyx-teeth; blades of radical leaves cordate or pentagonal-rounded, with cuneate lobes .------- 2. S.europaea L. Section 1. ERYTHROSANA Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 536; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,60.— Leaflets of involucre large, foliate; petals dark red; distal part of fruit covered with hamate spines. 1. S.rubriflora Fr. Schmidt in Maxim. Prim. fl. amur. (1859) 123; Kom, Via elizin. Dis lear Tica: crane elt si.) OpiceG mmmigel sie Dal'nevost. kr. II (1932) 796, table 242.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2637.— Perennial with thick rhizome producing erect stem, often 2 stems 40-—60cm to 1m high; radical leaves 2—8, on long thin petioles several times longer than blade; blade nearly tripartite; median lobe obovate- cuneate, 6-10cm long, 4—8 cm wide, lateral lobes wider asymmetrical, cleft nearly to middle, all lobes with 3 more or less distinct lobules, bristly- crenate-serrate; cauline leaves sessile, nearly as long as the radical. Branches of inflorescence to 10cm; leaflets of involucre foliate, lanceolate or linear, to 3cm long, 4mm wide; staminate flowers 10—15 on faceted, to 4mm long pedicels; calyx-teeth lanceolate, ca. 1mm long; petals dark red, broadly cordate, clawed, ca. 2.5mm long; pislillate flowers ca. 1.5mm long with acuminate calyx-teeth; styles recurved, 2 to 3 times as long as the petals; fruit subsessile, ovoid 5-6 mm long together with calyx-teeth; mericarps dorsally markedly convex, with recurved hamate spines, ventrally granular, canals very large. Fl. May, Fr. July. Banks of forest streams, floodplain forests.— Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Manchuria, Korea. Described from the lower Amur near London. Type in Leningrad. * From the Latin sanare — to treat,cure; medieval name referring to its use in healing wounds. 46 2—Actinolema eryngioides Fenzl., habit.involucre; PLATE Ill. 1— Astrantia trifida Hoffm.; 3—Actinolema macrolema Boiss., involucre. 47 65 66 Section 2. EUSANICULA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 61.— Leaflets of involucre small, often obsolete; petals pale green; fruit with hamate spines from base. 2.) S.curopaea l.. Spaiple (1752) 2355" lidbs WIS Ross. I, 235) Borsse Fl. or II, 832; Shmal'g., Fl.I, 385; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2034; Grossg., Pl. Kavik. Il, 119: Maevsk., Fl. Sr. Ross. ed.7,539.— Si trilobata Gilib. Exerc. phytol. (1795) 198.- S. uralensis Kleop. nom. in herb. and in Mat. po istorii fl. i rast.I (1941) 191,197,198.— S.caspica Gmel. invherb.— lev: Hegi, Ul. FIV, 2; Tatio ijae.— Exs.4 (G. Ro er Neeeocer Fl.) cauc.’ exs. ‘No. 96; “Fl. pol. exs."Noow42;) Dortl. Herb. norm. Now4so02: Hayek, Hl. styr. No. 549° Perennial; stems 40—80 (120) cm, erect, usually simple, solitary, rarely 2—3; radical leaves long-petioled, their blades cordate-rounded, 4-6cm long, 6-10cm wide, 3—5-partite, the median lobe larger, free nearly to base, the lateral united for one-third, broadly cuneate-obovate; lobes acuminate, more or less deeply 3-partite, unequally crenate-dentate, the teeth terminating in bristles, cauline leaves not as deeply cut, the terminal sessile. Inflorescence terminal, 3—4-furcate, the flowers terminating the rays of globular umbels; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear,shorter than umbels; staminate flowers short-pediceled; calyx-teeth subulate, free, lmm long; petals ovate, with subtriangular, dentate, recurved lobe ca. 1.5mm long; pistillate flowers 1 or few, styles spirally rolled, recurved, much longer than calyx-teeth; fruit ovoid-globular, 4-5 mm long, with hamate spines, dilated at base; mericarps ventrally flat, markedly convex; canals numerous, small. Fl. May—July, Fr. July—September. Shady broadleaved, rarely mixed and coniferous forests mixed with broadleaved species, in Altai in black and mixed light forests. — European part: Balt., Lad.-Ilm. (extreme west), U. V. (SW), V.-Kama (Malmyzh south of Kirov Region, Bashkir ASSR, near Potashnya in Molotov [now Perm] Region), U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V. Don (in Gorki vicinity and north of Tambov Region), U. Dns., Bes., Crim.; Caucasus: in all regions, S. Transc. excepted; W.Siberia: Alt. (Kuznetsk Ala-Tau, Teletskoe Lake, Anos, Kebezen', upper reaches of Karasuk River). Described from mountain forests in W. Europe. Type in London. Note. The European mercury has long been known to growinthe __ black forests of Altai, which points to the relict nature of this area. In an attempt to distinguish the plants from the Urals (V.-Kama) and Altai plants proper from the European plants, Yu. D. Kleopov (Mat. po istorii fl. i. rast. SSSR, I, 1941) found them to differ from S. europaea L. in 1) the more narrowly cuneate lobes of the radical leaves; 2) the shorter styles and 3) the paler plant. In the lime woods of Kuznetsk Ala-Tau, there grows S. europaea Kleopov observed that S.uralensis "is easily distinguished from afar by the pale green of its leaves." However, the characters mentioned by Kleopov are so poorly expressed and the available material is so inadequate that we cannot accept S.uralensis, the more so as it grows together with S. europaea in Kuznetsk Ala-Tau. S.uralensis Kleop. is probably an ecological form of the European mercury. 48 3. S.chinensis Bge. in Mém. Ac. Sc. Pétersb. II (1835) 106. — S.elata Franch. et Sav. Enum. pl. Jap. (1875) 178, p.p. non Hamilt.; Kom., Fl. Man'chzh. II], 130; Kom. and Alis., Opred. rast. Dal'nevost. kr. II, 796; Sugawara, Ill. Fl. Saghal. III, 1373. Biennial? Plant apparently monocarpous; stem 50—100cm, erect, simple below, with long remote branches above middle, furcate above, the branches terminating with umbels; radical leaves on 20—35cm long flattened, amplexicaul petioles, their blades subrounded, 3—5-partite, the median lobe nearly free, obovate, trifid; lateral lobes ca. 5cm long, the proximal ones resembling the median, the distal ones lanceolate, multifid; all lobes bidentate or incised-dentate, with acuminate, setaceous denticles; upper leaves smaller, with lanceolate lobes. Leaflets of involucre 5-7, unequal, lanceolate, incised, not exceeding median umbel in dichasium, longer in the lateral; staminate flowers 1—2 in umbel, short- pediceled; petals ca. 1mm long; pistillate flowers 3—4, sessile, their petals slightly larger, greenish; styles erect, shorter than calyx-teeth; mericarps 4mm long, intercostal canals 5. Fl.July, Fr. August. Riparian woodlands, banks of forest streams.— Far East: Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.-Ch. Described from Panshan Mountain in N. China. Type in Paris. Genus 942. ASTRANTIA* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 235; Woron. in Tr. Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. 6 (1905) 67; Grintz. Monogr. in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 13,14 ann. (1910) 66-190; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 80 Flowers numerous, polygamous; calyx-teeth subulate, persistent, longer than petals, petals keeled, lanceolate, recurved; filaments long, exserted; stylopodium in pistillate flowers flattened, infundibular, in staminate flowers absent; styles thin,long, with capitate stigma; fruit oblong- cylindrical, slightly compressed dorsally, carpophore not developed, meri- carps suborbicular, ventrally flat, main ribs covered with large vesicular inflated scales, intercostal canals simple, large; endosperm flat inside, convex dorsally. Weakly branching perennial, erect herbs, with slightly leafy stems, leaves more or less deeply 3—5—7-sect or lobed, dentate, the teeth produced to bristles; umbels few, simple; leaflets of involucre large, often colored. About 10 species in Central and Southern Europe, the Caucasus and Asia Minor. The Russian species belong to one section. Section 1. MACRASTER Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 128; Grintz. Monogr. 65; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 81.— Leaflets of involucre stiff, with 3—5 anastomosing nerves; calyx-teeth lanceolate, subulate; fruit oblong, 4—6 mm long. 1. Leaflets of involucre 8—13, broadly ovate-elliptic, ciliate-dentate in upper half; lobes of lower leaves 3-4 ....... 1, A.maxima Pall. ar Leaflets of involucre 14—20, ovate-elliptic, entire or with 3—4 bilateral OC MSO VCMA TE cece ores eae AER aE Or ectce Rr are ciel terra ale) ev alee errs one 2. * From the Greek aster,astron — star, anti, antos — similar. 49 2. Plant 15—-30cm high; umbels 1.5—2cm across; leaflets of involucre not exceeding flowers or fruit (from limestones in Abkhazia) -+-+ee. SU a se RRS fan tele. Wade? cjwothlomteh SUNOL Ie) cau LePRciron 5) foWinwe: obo oi Metin 5. A. colchica Alb. oF Plant 30—70cm high, umbels larger; leaflets of involucre exceeding LOWER SCANG Le Uith ome hese” SOMOS MM, Lads ioe lll ee ot kouen lento! oC mCa ea mretS 3a 3. Blades of lower leaves tripartite, lateral lobes emarginate (plant of WiiGauGastis) ee e/a ee cir ete Boy SBME plore te aera Be 2. A.pontica Alb. +) “Blades oflower leaves! (3) 5=Weotid. Otis: ie) Sas Sata anemone ne eee 4, 4, Umbels 3.5—4.5 cm across; blades of lower leaves 3—5—‘7-fid, lobes large (western regions of European part of USSR) ©... . 30 Aeemayernian ate Umbels 2.5—3cm across; blades of lower leaves 5-, rarely 3-fid, lateral lobes cut (plant of N. Caucasus and E. Transcaucasia) °\..%)e TE SE OE LR RE U CO Pe eimai Ly oes 4, A.trifida Hoffm. 1. A.maxima Pall. in Nova Acta Petrop. VII (1793) 357, tab. XI; Grintz. Monogr. 65; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,82; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 119.— A.helleborifolia Salisb. Prodr. hort. Chap. Allert. (1796) 159; Ldb. Fl. Ross. ll, 236; "Boiss. “Fl. ‘orw i, 8313" Shimal os) Pls Wisea ye Vornone am sie Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI,67.— A. heterophylla Willd. in Neue Schr. berl. Gesellsch.III (1801) 419; M.B.Fl. taur. cauc.I, 202, III, 195. — A.caucasica B. heterophylla Spreng. in Schult. Syst. Veget. VI (1820) 342.— A. caucasica Spreng. Syst. Veget.I (1825) 874, p.p.— A Speeciosa hort.— Ic.: Pall. lieitab. XI; Bots) Mag. tab.) lass siGrianzs Monogis t. 2a; 1, 9a, ila. — xs.) Gabor 2 No. 605, ther. ileeaner No. 67. Perennial; stem 40—70cm, simple, sometimes with 1—2 small branches above, usually with 1 fully developed umbel; lower cauline leaves on petioles 3—4 times as long as the tripartite blades, blade with median lobe narrower than lateral, sometimes sublanceolate, 3—5cm long, 1.5-2.5cm wide, the lateral asymmetrical, slightly larger, bristly-dentate, with 3 prominent nerves beneath; rarely lower leaves quadripartite; median and upper cauline leaves sessile or amplexicaul, tripartite or 3-lobed, terminal leaves 2—3, ovate or lanceolate, 2—3-lobed or parted. Umbels 2—4.5cm across; leaflets of involucre 8—13, thinly coriaceous, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, greenish outside, reddish inside, acuminate, with 5—15 bilateral teeth tapering to 1mm long bristles, later subglabrous, leaflets to 2.5 cm long, 1cm wide, nearly twice as long as flowers; flowers many, pedicels ca. 1 cm, lobes of calyx narrowly lanceolate, stiff, ca. 3mm long with subulate tip; petals narrowly cuneate, 1.5mm long; styles in pistillate flowers hardly divergent, half the length of the sepals; fruit ca. 10mm long, mericarps rounded in cross section, canals very large. July— August. Meadows in upper part of timberline, alpine and subalpine belts. — Caucasus: everywhere except for Tal. Gen. distr.: Turkish Armenia. Described from Ossetia. Type in London. 2. A.pontica Alb. Prodr. Fl. Colch. (1895) 99; Voron. in Tr. Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI, 68; Grintz. Monogr. 74; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 838 Grosse... Fl. Kavk 11) '20. > tel.) Grimtze Mono pic: oh 2c ser Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, simple, with 1—2 distal branches only, terminated by 3—4 umbels, the most highly developed on main stem; 50 petioles of lower cauline leaves 5—20cm; blades with deeply cordate base, tripartite, median lobe obovate, 2-5cm long, 1.5—3cm wide, lateral lobes markedly asymmetrical, deeply cut, thus blade sometimes apparently 5-fid, 2—5cm long, 1.5—-5cm wide, margin irregularly cut, bristly-dentate; cauline leaves short-petioled, trifid, the terminal sessile. Terminal and most developed umbel 2—3cm across; leaflets of involucre 12—16, longer than flowers, lanceolate, tapering below, becoming acuminate, entire, pale green, rarely slightly reddish, 12-15cm long, 2-4mm wide; flowers many, peripheral, often staminate; calyx-teeth subulate, stiff, to 3mm long; fruit 5-6 mm long, cylindrical, tapering at base; mericarps pentahedral or suborbicular, canals medium. Fl. June—July, Fr. July— August. Subalpine meadows and grass plots, upper part of timberline. — Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), W. Transc. Endemic. Described from Abkhazia. Cotype in London. Bree Ae iaajOr SPs pl. (U7S3)) 2385 cestice: slidbe HleeRoss. Laas. Shama Bl Weton Tlie IS Soe eisyaeMien IGbllera- Jeehills Istofsils joollisaie, SiOoe=) 2.4 iaeliery| (oie ssp. eu-major Grintz. Monogr. (1910) 88.— A. major var. eu-major Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 87.— Ic.: Grintz. l.c.f.3a,5,12; Hegi, III. Miers, LOLA — hss: hi Gpolonexse | No. 63059 VEINsity.. ess) No. 366; Fl. exs. reip. Boh.-Slov. No. 437. Perennial; stem 30—70cm high, solitary simple or with 1—2 small branches, 2—5-partite above; lower leaves long-petioled, the blades 3—5—7- fid; lobes usually large, lanceolate, strongly 2-fid-dentate or cut, the teeth tapering to bristles; cauline leaves decreasing in size, sessile. Umbels 3.5-4.5cm across; leaflets of involucre numerous (14-18), longer than flowers and fruit, narrowly lanceolate, cuneate beneath, fused at base, acuminate above, greenish or slightly reddish, entire or with 2—3 lateral spines, 3—5-nerved, more distinct beneath, 1.5-2cm long; flowers many, on thin glandular pedicels, staminate flowers often peripheral; calyx-teeth narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or subulate, 1.5-3mm long; petals obcordate-cuneate, shorter than or nearly as long as calyx-teeth; filaments long, exserted; fruit with sepals ca. 5mm long, oblong-cylindrical. July— August. Grass plots in forests and edges of broadleaved forests. — European part: Lad.-m. (Pushkin, introduced into parks), U.Dnp. (SW), M.Dnp. (extreme west), Bes. (N.), U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. Described from Switzerland. Type in London. 4, A.trifida Hoffm. Gen. pl. umb. ed. 1 (1814) VIII; Grintz. Monogr. Oa Velteim) Pilz! Heft 6191685" Grosse., Fl: Kavk. Ml, 120)—) Ay mia jor var. tridentata Stev. in Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 47.— Pee Oo Vio. Hl taur.-cauc. IT (1819) 193,non L.— A. calcasica Spreng. Spec. umbell. (1818) 17 et in Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 342, excl. var.— A.intermedia M.B.FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 194; Ldb. Fl. Ross. Ill, 236.— A. intermedia var. B. DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 87, excl pl ineapol: — A. miayor var. 1mtermedaa (M.B.) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 830, quoad pl. cauc.— A. biebersteinii Trautv. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop. Il (1835) 28; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 236; Boiss. Fl. or. II, Bao Grosse. Hit havik. il, 120)— Aina jo rivar. bvelbemisihein is Schmalh. Fl.1 (1895) 385; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,86.— A. major ssp. biebersteinii Grintz. Monogr. (1910) 85.— A. tridentata Parrot, 3) (at Reise Krym.-Kauk. II (1815) 130,nom.— A.orientalis Woron. v. Tr. Bot. Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI (1905) 68.— A. orientalis var. bieber- stieinii,Woron. lac.— A. orientalis) var. amtemmrediay Woronemiaema A.ossica Woron. l.c.— Ic.: Grintz. Monogr. f. 3b, 9c, 11d (f. 2b, 9b incl.). Exs.: (sub A. biebersteinii) G.R.F. No.264; Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 86. Perennial; stems 30—50cm high, simple, with only branches in upper part, terminated by small umbels; petioles of lower leaves 3—5 times as long as the blade, blade 5-, rarely 3-partite, the lateral lobes cut, 2-3cm long, 1.5—2 cm wide, emarginate-dentate, with teeth terminated by bristles. Terminal umbel larger, 2.5-3cm across; leaflets of involucre 14-18, hardly exceeding flowers or fruit, 1.2-1.5cm long, 3-4 mm wide, oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes with 1—2 terminal teeth, scarious, slightly reddish, scabrous; calyx-teeth subulate, hardly longer than petals, 1.5— 1.8mm long; fruit oblong,5—-7mm long. Fl. July, Fr. August. (Plate III, Figure 1.) Meadows, alpine and subalpine belts, descending to forest belt. — Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. Transc. Endemic. Described from specimens deriving from the high mountains of Georgia. Type lost. Note. The complex synonymy is due to the faulty original description and the loss of the type specimens, presumably in the Moscow fire of 1812. Yet, all the names listed surely refer to a single species. Thus we agree with Yu. N. Voronov in considering Trautvetter's and Hoffman's descriptions to refer to one and the same species. We have followed the rules of nomenclature in choosing the name of this species, although it is an unfortunate choice and has become the source of future errors. The later names of Bieberstein and Voronov are not legitimate. on eae colchicavAlbs Prodi ls collecht (1895) 100; Voronk inti Bor Sada Yur'ev. univ. VI,67; Grintz. Monogr. 77; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, G47 nGrosse. Hl. Kavkoilh 1205] TexsGrintz. Monogr. f2dsode isaac Jel, @iep So INO. UGS}. Perennial; stems 15—30cm high, simple, usually with only 2 small distal branches terminated by umbels much smaller than the terminal; petioles of lower cauline leaves 3—10cm, blades quinquepartite (more accurately — with deeply cut median lobe and 2 lateral lobes barely cut to one half [sic]), lobes ovate, 1—-2.5cm long, 0.7-1.cm wide, the lateral slightly asymmetrical, rather strongly bristly-dentate; cauline leaves l, rarely 2,on much shorter proximally sheathing petioles, with smaller lobes. Umbel terminal, 1.5—2cm wide; leaflets of involucre lanceolate, acuminate entire, sometimes with 1 or 2 teeth tipped by bristles, 6-10cm long, 2-3mm wide, pale green, sometimes slightly reddish, not exceeding flowers; staminate flowers often peripheral; calyx-teeth subulate, stiff, ca. 2mm long, longer than petals; fruit 3-4mm long, 1.5-2mm across; canals narrow. Fl. August, Fr. September. Limestones in alpine belt.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Mingrelia). Endemic. Described from Mirgrelia. Cotype in Leningrad. Note. Presumably merely an echotype of A.trifida Hoffm. typical for high mountain limestones. 52 72 Genus 943. ACTINOLEMA* FENZL. Fenzl, Pugill. pl. nov. Syr. et Taur. occ. (1842) 16; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,92 Flowers polygamous, the central bisexual, subsessile, the peripheral staminate, on long pedicels; calyx-teeth 5, sepals pentagonal, distally dilated, emarginate, produced to 3 mucros; petals cuneate, curved inwards with distinct dorsal nerve; stylopodium of bisexual flower flattened, with short styles; fruit ovoid-oblong, subsessile, slightly compressed dorsally, mericarps free, barely extending beyond calyx, subglobose, 5-ribbed, dorsally pectinate-dentate, bilaterally tuberculate; intercostal canals large, solitary. Low annual herbs, furcately branched above, with simple, few-flowered umbels, leaflets of involucre large, foliate, semitransparent, leaves entire. Two species, in Asia Minor, Syria and Kurdistan. PeeecaWlieTtsrormuyOlicre to) Oman longe yMeuilt Cals onary KOMP Asm tee tol Meena etre PnIce sem Pan EELS lamatee: Ahem es Ueetan olan ar akira: Ua eyeiah aes 1. A.eryngioides Fenzl. a eaters on involuctestor2 Oiimlmlone aiiauiiiCas o Ohmmalonomee sia.) - AP iota Or wr Op Cec Opec gd eM MN stn Aer Ato arm CE oe eee 2. A.macrolema Boiss. 1. A.eryngioides Fenzl. Pugill, pl. nov. Syr. et Taur. occ. (1842) 16; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 831; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,93.— Ic.: Fenzl. III. Taur. (1843) 67, tab. 12.— Exs.: Kotschy, Pl. alepp. kurd. moss. No. 210. Annual; stems 15—25cm high, pale green, glabrous, ribbed above, spreading-branching from base, branches occasionally leafy, distally furcate; radical leaves with long amplexicaul petioles, their blades obovate, tapering below, denticulate, 2—-3cm long, 1—1.5cm wide, scabrous beneath along nerves; cauline leaves smaller, on shorter petioles, the terminal sessile, spinous-dentate. Leaflets of involucre 5—6, oblong, tapering below, dentate 3—5-nerved, nearly netted below, ca. 1cm long, 4-5 mm wide, exceeding umbel; flowers greenish, the staminate 4-5; calyx-teeth sub- pentagonal, cuneate, ca. 2mm long; petals obtriangular, ca. 1mm long, pistillate flowers slightly larger than the staminate; styles as long as petals; fruiting pedicels ca. 1mm. Fl. April, Fr. May-June. (Plate III, Figure 2.) Clayey-stony parts of deserts.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Nakhichevan District, Araks Gorge, between Negram and Darasham stations). Gen. distr.: E. Med. (Syria, Iraq), As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from near Aleppo. Cotype in Leningrad. 2. A.macrolema Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 831; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, Ws GEOossony blnwiWay allel Of" Manmiam sha iiaelice mia tle bot insite n (1934) UDSis—= eee, Wereneveadislaly, woneley ies 5 De Oa 12, = lag — lapdsios Sahin. Mrs Cle, 1890, No. 2547. Annual, 13-35cm high; stems smooth, branching nearly from base, ribbed; radical leaves with winged amplexicaul petiole, blades 4-6cm long, 2—4cm wide, dentate with 5 anastomosing nerves; lowermost leaves small, broadly lanceolate, dentate. Umbels terminating axis of branching stem, encircled by 3 fused trilobate, acutely bristly-dentate, terminal leaves; * From the Greek actis — ray, radius and eilema — involucre. 53 73 74 leaflets of involucre encircling simple umbels, 5—8, much longer than flowers and fruit, obovate, attenuate at base, obtuse, acutely spinous-dentate, with abruptly prominent nerves produced to spines, leaflets 1.5-—2.5cm long, 1-1.5cm wide, in herbarium thin, semitransparent; single sessile bisexual flower surrounded by 5—8 staminate flowers on pedicels to 10mm, calyx-teeth pentagonal, broadening distally, with notches and 3 mucros at apex; styles barely shorter than petals; ripe fruit sessile. April—June. (Plate III, Figure 3.) Pebbly-clayey parts of semideserts and as weed of crops.— Caucasus: S. Transc. (Erevan vicinity). Gen. distr.: As. Min. Described from Pisidia. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad. Genus 944. ERYNGIUM * L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 232; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 106 Flowers bisexual in capitate inflorescences, surrounded by leaflets of involucre, each sessile in axil of lanceolate bract; calyx-teeth persistent, lanceolate, terminated by spine; petals emarginate, with recurved tip; fruit obovoid, back and sides with white cartilaginous scales, mericarps ventrally flat, glabrous; vittae distinct outside, carpophore absent. Perennial monocarpic or not monocarpic herbs, the base of the stem surrounded with leaves of former years; leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, entire or dissected, to twice pinnatisect, rounded, ovate, triangular or lanceolate, very rarely linear, usually spinous-dentate, the radical and lower cauline leaves petioled, the upper sessile. More than 250 species in the warm and temperate zones of both hemi- spheres, with the exception of East Asia and South America. The Russian species belong to the Mediterranean, which in a broad sense is the geographical center of this genus, with about 60 species. Note. Our review is based on H. Wolff's monograph, a reliable work for its time, though it suffers from an inadequate elucidation of the genetic relationship of the species. The generic taxonomy is provisional. The species of the Old World, in this sense the broad Mediterranean, represent 12, often monotypic sections. This reflects the real relation- ships, since many species appear to be only relicts of extinct groups. Wolff's sections really approach species series. Nevertheless, his sections are retained, though new ones have been added. Adding to the remarkable morphological diversity of the Russian Eryngium was Yu. N.Voronov's description of E.wanaturi Woron. in 1918, based on the collections of B.K. Shishkin from Armenia; in habit this species resembles the Mexican and Brazilian species, as well as the Kara-Tau endemic, described by M. M. Il'in. 1. Radical leaves entire, linear, 10—30cm long, to 1cm wide; cauline I@ENES) lemeeOlave-inesir o5o60cao ooo ooo oS 14. E.wanaturi Woron. ar Leaves rounded, ovate, triangular or lanceolate, in the latter case not lesis; thant onto, 6 ctimesnasawidel as plOng whe coats. stoeeestle. Sly Ieee 2s * Eryggion — name of the plant in Dioscorides and Nicander. 54 75 10. Jee Leaflets of involucre wide, rhombic or ovate ..........2.se2.. 3 5 Leaflets of involucre narrow, linear or lanceolate-linear, subulate .. Leaflets of involucre oblong-ovate, spinose, cut-serrate, slightly smaller than terminal leaves; heads oblong-ovate, 3—5(6) cm long, Ome Cia Walden ita Shia TTS acne Ws Meweier telecon telat lelet tanec 1. E.giganteum M.B. Leaflets of involucre rhombic, trifid, with broadly triangular teeth, spinose; heads subglobular, 1-2cm becoming to 3cm long; maritime SIAICIS Pee arene Gatrct verte waPPoer rem aniontan! cites ay a mtementieiare Mem a Meme 13. E.maritimum L. Radical leaves twice pinnatipartite, with decurrent lobes, stiffly Spinocse dentate sO suesiteUventlemlecanieS Kmiec uns alan sete italtele lie! te 5D. Radical leaves entire, the youngest leaves only lobed, dying off SBC hab 1G, 0) OF On O.ONG. O00 Biondi O BeO.0).G ube Guoudem OnOkO Guo 000d 0 ChOnont) 6 OD 8. Plant grayish-green; blades of lower leaves broadly ovate or sub- OmoleulaiceO=o Oren long rancswiclew snclis) er erie) aie c= tie cei sire ia leilie rs 6. Plants very pale or bluish-gray; lower leaves ovate or triangular, a= 10) Gran Nome eval WAC -. 55009050 200.0 Oooo 6 SO ooo 450 516 0 les Main axis of stem and inflorescence elongate; lobes of lower leaves broadly decurrent along axes, especially the central axis nearly WHMSOC COVES 5 ban 5.0 610.6 Gul 000.0 6 6 dno On 5 2. E.noe€anum Boiss. Main axis of stem and inflorescence shorter than lateral branches; lobes of lower leaves faintly decurrent, axes not winged .....:... Weal Pavtsee Metta atte seta a) eM a Panter teaiona, Wateae eleranig Ureime eee een eto Aeanmpesitrreenme. Plant bluish-gray, lower leaves with amplexicaul petioles exceeding blade by half; blade broadly ovate, 6-10cm long, with broad profusely and acutely spinose-dentate lobes (S. and E. Transcaucasia) 3 3, BuO D106: O045 10 cece eee eee 4. Ee nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse. Plant very pale, petioles of lower leaves hardly broadened at base, 2 to 3 times as long as the blade; blade triangular, 4-6 cm long, with narrow, largely spinose-dentate lobes (Greater Balkhan in Mtn. ‘ID Ghe) root) eh eA Or eh OUP OL apt marie cB Bins Pb Nae 5. E.balchanicum Bobr. Stems pale above; all radical leaves entire; bracts of all flowers subulate or narrowly lanceolate, entire; leaflets of involucre entire, with smooth margin, sometimes with small declinate spines confined to base SoD oO Doo oOo OO OG So000000 665060000000 60 00 Ze Plant with stems bluish above; early radical leaves partly 3-lobed; bracts of outer flowers 3-cuspidate or dentate; leaflets of involucre ENIAC =ClSra,awe Cue lorenshlby—SjpomMOSS 6 19 w)6 6 o-beo OhoechG Old D Oud 0.0 d-080 1}5 Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves ovate, slightly cordate on Short-euneate atibasenl2— 20) emlone, 4— 8 cmiiwide eta eee 10. Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, decurrent along petiole, 8-15 cm long, 2-4cm wide SAW BRI SS Lae Ne Petioles of radical leaves shorter than blades, the latter shortly and cuneately tapering to base, very rarely slightly emarginate (Viren, Falta eats ONRSE 1 vc. RR Es ed Tet a ees, 6 8. E.bungei Boiss. Petioles of radical leaves 1"/p times as long as the blades, the latter with faintly cordate base (Pam.-Al.,T.Sh.)) .......2..6- ike Radical and lower cauline leaves compactly chartaceous, with short fine acute teeth, 20—30 teeth on each Side .......2..22..-2-2.0- 55 76 1 Radical and lower cauline leaves coriaceous, not withering, large- toothed, 1015 spinosie, teethion eachySides jcuremsbe) ce) ees ene eee FL Ce CREE IOROS OUD ECR DRCUCMOUTMOROMORD acRCMCIN DuAbouoyotO.5 7. E.incognitum Pavl. iB eee not monocarpic; stems ‘15— 40cm high; radical leaves narrowly oblanceolate, blade decurrent along petiole, the latter "5 to vf the length of the blade; heads 3—5, leaflets of involucre 7-11 wine a5 se fra Me SL aOh NG aiinieyro Vie leibe We! aby sehemel a we biohyal tpetecieetee 9. E.karatavicum Ijin. a5 Plant monocarpic (?); ene 40—60cm high; radical leaves eee ily withering, oblanceolate, tapering to petiole, these not more than 2/4 the length of the blade; heads 5-10; leaflets of involucre 7-9 .... Syceinc ant ace oe uc eye ya Heces © mehtems o oanie Cute le lee ORE mine erie. 13. Radical leaves thin, soft, dying early, 4-5cm long, 3—4cm wide; heads globular,ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucre 4—6, strongly declinate, (2)3—4 times as long as the heads ..... ants @ BRS cee Sian soutien) kor ayia) 16) arlict ich ie) “0 ie) elite) =) Kee ea BR 12. E.biebersteinianum Nevski. a Radical leaves numerous, stiff, long persistent; 5—15cm long, 2—7cm wide; heads ovate,ca. 1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre 50, NOL monelthan twice tas lone aismieads) 5. so) 1 11. E.planum L. Section 1. ALPINA Wolff in Pflazr. Heft 61 (1913) 123.— Radical leaves large, entire, long-petioled; heads broadly cylindrical; leaflets of involucre large, barely smaller than terminal leaves; bracts 3-cuspidate. E.alpinum L., from the mountains of S. Europe, is also included here. 1, E.giganteum M.B: Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 201; Ldb. Fl. Ross. I, 238; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 829; schmal'sg., Fl. 1, 383; Voronov in Vestas Paitlke Bot. Sada, X,5; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,124; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. IH, 121.— E.glaucum Adams. ex Hoffm. Hort. Mosq. (1808) 15 No. 1309, nom. — ene Wollat, Wee. Lab. Perennial, 0.5-—1.5m high, pale green, juvenile often bluish; main root thick; stems 0.7—-1.5m high, 1-1.5cm thick at base, furcate above, to 3 branches, these often furcate in turn; leaves coriaceous, with netted venation, radical leaves broadly cordate or cordate-triangular, 10-—15cm long and as wide, entire, irregularly crenate-dentate, petioles 20cm, lower cauline leaves ovate, sessile, broadly amplexicaul, entire, acutely spinose- dentate, the lower sometimes larger than the radical, decreasing in size upward, the terminal deeply cleft. Inflorescence loose, heads on thick stipes, oblong-ovoid, 3—5(6) em long, 3-4cm across; leaflets of involucre 6—10, large, exceeding heads scarcely smaller than terminal leaves, oblong- ovate, 4-6 cm long, spinose, cleft-serrate; bracts to 10mm long, 3-cuspidate above; flowers numerous, calyx-teeth lanceolate, elongating into spinose cusp; fruit to 10mm long, broad, subrectangular laterally, dorsally covered with numerous scales. Fl. July, Fr. August. Meadows of upper mountain belt.— Caucasus: Cisc. (central and western parts of the Main Range), W. Transc., E. Transc. (central part of Main Range), S.Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range), Arm.-Kurd. (Ararat). Described from mountainous Armenia. Type in Lefiingrad. 56 Section 2. CAMPESTRIA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 140, subsection EUCAMPESTRIA Wolff,1.c.146.— Radical leaves large, twice pinnati- partite, stiffly spinose-dentate, decurrent along axis; bracts entire, some- times with spines above. Four species from the Balkans, Asia Minor, Lesser Armenia, Kurdistan and Iran are also included here. 2. E.noéanum Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 2 (1856) (Zeer a Oree bead Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,152.— E. sapphyrinum Tamamsch. in herb.— Perennial grayish-green plant; base of stem covered with fibrous remains of petioles; stems 40—75cm high, erect, cylindrical, becoming whitish, paniculately branching above, sometimes turning blue; radical leaves on long thick 10-25 cm long petioles, which sometimes slightly exceed these blades, suborbicular or broadly ovate, 10—20cm long, 10-15 cm wide, twice pinnatipartite, the lobes large, spinose-dentate, broadly decurrent making the main axis nearly winged; lower cauline leaves on short, broad, subamplexicaul petioles, their blades much smaller, stiffer and acutely spinose-dentate; upper leaves at base of branches to 5cm long, subsessile or with short amplexicaul petioles, acutely spinose. Leaflets of involucre to 3cm long, usually 6—7, rarely 8, if so then clearly unequal, linear-subulate, rarely narrowly lanceolate, ie times as long as the heads, sometimes with small basal spines; bracts 6—7mm long, stiff, subulate, longer than flowers; styles twice as long as calyx-teeth, the latter bluish, lanceolate, with sharply protruding nerve tapering to cusp as long as fruit; fruit ovoid,ca. 5mm long, densely covered dorsally with scarious scales, larger at margin than at base. Fl. July, August, Fr. August—September. Stony mountain slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (near Artyk and Artvin); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (C.Kopet Dagh). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Karind, W.Iran. Type in Geneva. Note. Yu. N.Voronov first reported this species from the Caucasus in 1908. It was discovered in the former Artvin District. The latest collections by S.G. Tamamshyan and A. A. Fedorov are from near Artyk, in Armenia. The intense blue coloration of the upper part of the Artyk specimens led 8.G. Tamamshyan to propose a new species, distinct from the S. European E.amethystinum IL. However, these specimens, as well as the plant from Artvin, should surely be included in E. noéanum Boiss., based on Noél's collection from W. Iran as defined in Wolff's monograph (1. c.), which is thus distributed from the western part of the Lesser Armenia and Kurdistan area of the Russian ''Flora,'' to the east of the Iranian area, where it was collected many times by E.G. Chernyakovskaya in Khorasan where A: Bunge made his previous discoveries. The Ashkabad specimen collected in 1897 by D.I. Litvinov should alsobe included. Since this species is very widespread in Khorasan, it will certainly also be found in Kopet-Dagh. It is incredible that Litvinov's findings have not been repeated to date, even though the flora of the Ashkhabad area has been thoroughly studied. E.G. Chernyakovskaya mentions that the different parts of the stem and leaves of this species exude a red substance. 3. E.champestre L. Sp. pl. (1753) 233; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Il, 201, Pi S; lidb- il Ross. Lin 23s shmal'to.. HI, 384; -Voronov ain, Vestn. 57 79 Tifl> Bot." Sada, X; 5:4 Wolff in Pilzr. Heft ot, fo0" Crosses, Hie eryiceelle 122.— less “Rehb. Iles El. Germ. Xx tab. 18525 — shixs.? “G. hee. Nes 0b FI eaue.-exs. No.o47; Pi wpol. "exs.” Now War Perennial with long, cylindrical root; stems 30—70cm high; entire plant grayish-green, stiffly spiny; stems thick, leafy, branching, strongly branched above, especially in inflorescence, with numerous heads; leaves stiffly coriaceous, the radical long-petioled, broadly ovate-triangular, 15—30cm long and as wide, deeply twice 3-partite, the lobes decurrent along axis, spinose-dentate (primary leaves broadly lanceolate, subentire), cauline leaves much smaller, short-petioled, amplexicaul. Inflorescence loose, umbelliform, with numerous ovate-globular ca. 15mm long heads, leaflets of involucre 6—7, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, to 4cm long, 5mm wide, sometimes with 2—4 basal spines; bracts subulate, to 10mm long exceeding flowers; calyx-teeth lanceolate, with long mucro; fruit compressed-obovoid, to 5mm long, lateral scales longer than dorsal. June—September. Steppe zone, steppe lowlands, weedy places, roadsides, in mountain regions on steppe and herbaceous slopes, not on high mountains. — European Dart Wave (Kalinin, introduced), M. Dnp., V.-Don, Transv. (Birsk, introduced), U. Dns., Bes., Bl., Crim., L. Don, L. V. (west, apparently not reaching east of the Volga); Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,W.Transc. (N.), He franse. “Gen. distr.:) Centr. Bure, We and Hh. Meds, Bal. Ase Minne Described from S. Europe. Type in London. 4, E.nigromontanum Boiss. et Buhse, Aufz. Pfl. Reise Transk. Pers. (1860) 99; Grossp., Fl. Kavk-1ll, '22.— EB. billardieri=)neroece. phalum Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 824; Voronoy in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, X,8.— E.billardieri ssp. nigromontanum (Boiss. et Buhse) Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 150. Pale, usually bluish-gray perennial, 40—80cm high; stem rather thick, furcate branching to produce spreading inflorescence, commonly confined to upper half or third; lower leaves on long (10-15 em) amplexicaul petioles 1%, times aslongas blades; blades broadly ovate, 6-10cm long, contiguous deeply twice to 3-partite with rather broad, profusely and acutely spinose- dentate lobes; upper cauline leaves sessile, deeply 3-partite, with spreading-acuminate, spinose-dentate lobes. Heads 12-15mm long, globose-ovoid; leaflets of involucre 6—8(9), subulate, 2—-4cm long, with 2—3 thin marginal spines and basal spines which appear to alternate with leaflets; bracts subulate,ca. 10mm long, exceeding flowers, sometimes spinose above; calyx-teeth acuminate, as long as fruit; fruit compressed, dorsal scales numerous, rounded. July—September. Pebbly slopes of central mountain belt.— Caucasus: E. and 8. Transc., Tal. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran (NW). Described from Kara Dagh Range. Cotype in Leningrad. 5. E.balchanicum Bobr. n. sp. in Addenda XV, 423. Perennial with straight woody main root; entire plant very pale green; stems usually 2, 40-60cm high, their base covered with leaves of preceding years, Slightly branching in upper third; 10—15cm long petioles of radical leaves 2 to 3 times as long as the blade, slightly broadened at base; 58 80 blades triangular, 4-6 cm long, deeply 3-partite (the lower unequal-sided), the broadly ovate lobes decurrent along axis, lobes deeply, nearly pinnately cut into lanceolate spreading-acuminate spinose teeth, the nerves whitish, very sharply protruding beneath; the first, early dying leaves smaller, and less rigidly spinose on shorter petioles; cauline leaves few, sessile, also deeply dissected, with narrower lobes. Inflorescence loose, heads 10—20, globular, 10-12 mm long; leaflets of involucre 6—7, subulate, 3—4cm long, 2-3 mm wide, spinose-acute, with 2—3 basal spines, the outer- most recurved; flowers 20—30, subtended by lanceolate acuminate bracts, longer than flowers; calyx-teeth long, lanceolate, short-acuminate, as long as fruit; fruit markedly compressed, with winglike margins due to broad cartilaginous scales, dorsally less sharply winged, with scales confined to upper part. Fl. June. (Plate IV, Figure 4.) Among shrubby formations on pebbly mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Greater Balkhan Range, from where described. Type in Leningrad. Pouca ni ecriima Giftecs fom sh. Nive Om onia num, Boiss - ier Buhse by the smaller radical leaves, the subtriangular, largely spinose- dentate blades, on petioles 2 to 3 times as long as the blade, smaller flower heads, fewer flowers, the fruit is much less densely covered with scales, but along the ribs it is nearly winged by scales. Section 3. OVALIFOLIA Bobr. sect. n.— Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves entire, ovate, slightly cordate or short-cuneate at base. 6. E.macrocalyx Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey. Enum. pl. nov. (1841) 60; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 238; O. and B. Fedch., Perech. r. Turk. III, 78, p.p.; Wioltt in PilzigniHett, 615 122): Monocarpic perennial with thick main root; stems ca. 1m high, white, shiny, 3—4-partite above, with furcately 3-partite branches; radical and lowermost cauline leaves ovate, entire, firm, chartaceous or thin, coriaceous, dying early, 14-20cm long, 6-8 cm wide, faintly cordate at base, Shortly and finely acutely toothed, with 20—30 teeth at each side, petioles thin, i, times as long as blade, amplexicaul; median and upper cauline leaves sessile, much smaller, ovate to lanceolate, becoming more firmly coriaceous upwards with larger acute teeth. Heads ovoid to globular, ca. 2cm long, 1.75cm across, surrounded by involucre of 6—7, sublinear, spinose-acuminate, stiff leaflets, 2-2.5cm long, 2-4mm wide; bracts narrowly subulate, acuminate, ca. 8mm long, longer than flowers; flowers numerous; sepals 4-5 mm long, ovate, truncate, with thick midrib produced into spinose cusp, ca. 2mm long; fruit ca. 5mm long, with numerous lateral scales, the distal ones produced into 1.5mm long spines. Fl. June, Fr. July: (Plate IV, Figure 3.) Semisteppe foothills and lower mountain belt.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (extreme east), Dzu.-Tarb. (habitat in Tarbagatai very doubtful), T.Sh., Syr D. (in Fergana up to Osh and Alai Range in the east). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Kuldja). Described from Ala-Kul in Dzungaria. Type in Leningrad. 59 = Ni DY LN wn i ; Te 4 \ t We, PLATE IV. 1—Eryngium wanaturi Woron., lower part of plant; 2 —E.incognitum Pavl., part of blade of lower cauline leaf; 3— E -macrocalyx Schrenk, part of blade of lower cauline leaf; 4 — E.balchanicum Bobr., blade of lower cauline leaf; 5—E.karatavicum Ijin, lower cauline leaf; 6 — E.mirandum Bobr., lower cauline leaf. 60 83 84 7. E.incognitum Pavl. in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Pr. XLVII (1938) 81.— E. pamiralaicum Korov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 3. Large monocarpic perennial, closely resembling the preceding species from which it is distinguished by large coriaceous spinose-dentate, radical leaves, which do not wither, with 10—15 spinose teeth at each side; cauline leaves correspondingly smaller, spinose-dentate, nearly pinnatifid. Fl. June, Fr. July. (Plate IV, Figure 2.) Semisteppes and steppes of foothill and central mountain belts.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Described from Stalinabad. Type in Moscow. Note. The type of this species, in the Herbarium of Moscow University, has been damaged by animals and lacks radical leaves. Even so it surely belongs to the closely related E. macrocalyx Schrenk of Pamir-Alai, subsequently described in much greater detail by E. P. Korovin as E.pamiralaicum Korov. Presumably it is owing to the poor state of this plant that its author has compared it with Il'in's Eryngium Kara- Tau rather than with the species established by Schrenk. E.octophyllum Korov. described by E. P. Korovin from Zeravshan (Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, VIII (1947) 3) seems to represent a distinct form of Eryngium more closely related to E.macrocalyx Schrenk than to the species from Pamir-Alai species, and may be their hybrid. It is characterized by rather small, coriaceous leaves and sparingly leafy stems. One of the significant characters of this species is the long leaflets of the involucre (to 5cm), 2 to 3 times as long as the head. 8. E.bungei Boiss, Fl. or. II (1872) 824; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 119.— Gos NV OIse iG Casta dig lshs Perennial, not monocarpic; stem 1, rarely 2—3, 0.7-1m high, sparingly leafy, spreading-branching above, with branches to 20cm long, twice-thrice furcate; radical leaves few, coriaceous, petioles shorter than blades, these to 15cm long, 4cm wide, lanceolate, shortly and cuneately tapering at base, rarely slightly emarginate, with 12-15 spinose teeth ca. 1cm long, some- times recurved; cauline leaves smaller, with relatively larger and fewer attenuate spinose teeth and shorter petioles; upper leaves sessile, spreading spinose-lobed. Heads 1—1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre usually 6, stiff, narrowly linear, spinose, 4-5cm long, 2-4mm wide, entire, with small declinate basal spines; bracts lanceolate, curved above; fruit 7-8mm long; sepals ca. 3mm long, coriaceous, truncate with ca. 1mm long spine, dorsally and laterally covered with flattened, cartilaginous lanceolate scales. Fl. June, Fr. July. Mountain semideserts and steppes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet-Dagh and Lesser Balkhan). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iranian Khorasan. Cotype in Leningrad. Section 4. LANCIFOLIA Bobr. sect. n.— Blades of radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, decurrent on petiole. 9. E.karatavicum Ijin in Fedde, Repert. XXIX. (1936) 320. 61 85 Perennial, not monocarpic; stems 15—40cm high, pale, straight, surrounded below by leaves of former years, slight branching confined to upper part; radical leaves not withering, narrowly oblanceolate, gradually tapering, decurrent, 8-15 cm long, to 3cm wide in upper part, midrib sharply protruding beneath, margin acutely spinose-dentate, teeth to 1.5cm long, petiole ve to 7 the length of the blade; cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul, the blades reduced to 3—5 lobes-spines, the upper leaves reduced to lanceolate spine with 2 small basal prickles. Heads 3—5, globular, 1.5-2cm long; involucre of 7-11 leaflets, 1.5-4cm long, not more than twice as long as head, subulate, spinose, entire; bracts subulate, strongly keeled, the sharply protruding nerve produced into cusp; fruit dorsally and laterally pectinately covered with flattened, cartilaginous scales. Fl. June—July, Fr. July—August. (Plate IV, Figure 5.) Pebbly mountain slopes — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Kara-Tau Range). Endemic. Described from Goldenensai in Kara-Tau. Type in Leningrad. 10. E.mirandum Bobr. n. sp. in Addenda XV, 423. Perennial, monocarpic? Stems solitary, 40—60cm high, erect, whitish, with remains of few leaves at base, 6-8 mm thick in lower part, branching above, branches of middle part of stem short, with 1 head; radical leaves 5—6, readily withering, oblanceolate, tapering to petiole, petiole not more than 7/4 the length of the blade; blades 8—10cm long, to 4cm wide in upper part, acutely spinose-dentate, with 8-10 unequal, spinose-acute attenuate teeth on each side; median and lower cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul, of similar shape, larger and more acutely spinose, the upper lanceolate, nearly pinnate with large spinose teeth. Heads 5-10, 1—3 on solitary, in median part of stem, the others on branches in upper part of stem, globular, 1-2cm long; involucre of 7-9, 1.5—3cm long, subulate, entire leaflets not more than twice as long as head; bracts lanceolate, keeled, acuminate, longer than flowers; fruit 7-8 mm long, covered dorsally and laterally with white cartilaginous scales denser and longer in upper part of fruit; calyx-teeth slightly shorter than half the length of fruit, the midrib produced into cusp. Fr. June. (Plate IV, Figure 6.) Pebbly slopes of outliers.— Centr. Asia: Kyz. K. (outliers of Bel-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Nura-Tau). Endemic. Described from Bel-Tau. Type in Leningrad. Differs from E.karatavicum Ijin by thenearly withering radical leaves tapering to petioles not more than half the length of the blades. Section 5. PLANA Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61 (1913) 126.— Radical leaves entire, oval, with cordate or rounded base, the young leaves sometimes 3-lobed, with oblong 2-fid or 3-fid lobes; leaflets of involucre linear or linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 times as long as heads; bracts of inner flowers entire, subulate, the outer 3-cuspidate or dentate. In addition to 2 Russian species, this section includes 6—7 Mediterranean species. tt. be planunm i, Sp. pik (1753) 233; (Boiss. Pls or. UL) 82337 Samal sey Fl. 1, 384; Wolff in Pilzr. Heft 61, U27; Kryl.) Fl. Zap. Sib. Valle z@sb. Grossg., Fl. Kavk.10,121.— E.alpinum Pall. -Reise, 1 (1771) 31, nom. — 62 86 E.planifolium Pall. l.c. I (1776) 316,nom.— E.amethystinum Gmel. Reise II (1774) 196,nom.— E. bart we omnia Gili bel matinee (1785) 383.-— E. coeruleum Gilib. 1 cosse = Demos pMglusrag (Gili bale. o4, non L.— ? E. pumilum Gilib. Chlor. Grodn. (785) 20. —b). inter medium Weinm. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X, 7 (US8i75 92» Hidb eck Ross. Il, 239.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. V, fis. 508 .— Bxs.: /G. R.F. No. 416; Fl. exs. austro-hung. No. 1352. Perennial with straight main root; stems solitary, 30—80cm, to iL iam high, sometimes few, smooth, branching in upper part, often bluish, surrounded at base by remains of dead leaves; leaves stiff or thin- coriaceous, the radical 5-15 cm long, 2—7cm wide, entire, the petioles as long as the blades; blades oblong or ovate or obovate, obtuse above, spinose-dentate or crenate, subcordate at base; cauline leaves sessile, much shorter, the upper 3—5-partite, dentate. Heads ovoid, ca. 1.5cm long, ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucre 5—7, stiff, linear, acuminate, cuspidate-dentate, 2—-3cm long, 2-6 mm wide; bracts 5—6 mm long, thinly acuminate, the lower 3-cuspidate, the upper entire, as long as calyx; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate, elongating into long (ca. 2mm) spine; petals hardly shorter than lobes of calyx, oblong, with narrow fimbriate recurved lobe; fruit compressed-ovoid, 5-6mm long, usually covered to middle with narrow flat acuminate scales. Fl. June—July, Fr. July— August. Forb and grassy steppes, semidesert zones of river valleys, forest steppes and forest zones in dry valleys and sands.— European part: U.V. (S.), V--Kama (S. and S.Urals), U.Dnp. (S.), M. Dnp., V-Don, Transv., U. Dns., Bes., Bl., Crim. (N.), L. Don, L.V.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dagny Er Transc. (Tbilisi, Gori, Akhaltsikhe); W. Siberia: Ob (Sa) Werte ligt. eA te: (lowlands and foothills); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh. (southernmost locality, mouth of Charyn). Gen. distr.: Centr. and S, Eur., Dzu.-Kash. (W.). Described from E. Europe (European Russia, Poland). Type in London. 12. E.biebersteinianum Nevski in Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 1, 4 (1937) 275,nom.— E.coeruleum M.B. Tabl. prov. casp. (1798) 112; Ej. Fl. taur.-cauc. I (1808) 200, excl. syn. non Gilib. 1785; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 823; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 384; Voronov in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, X, 6; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,130; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.IH,122.— E. Gaieihior tomum Ldb. Fl. Ross. II (1844) 240, non Desf.- ? E. caucasicum Fisch. ex Steud. Nomenel. (1821) 315, nom.; Trautv. in Tr. B.S.L 23.> E.amethystinum auct. Milly icauckExs-s Ge Rees, Noy i768 arb; Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 338. Perennial; with thick main root, stems to 1m high, usually solitary, spreading-branching above, bluish, leafy; radical leaves many, herbaceous or slightly coriaceous, soft, early withering, long-petioled, the blades with cordate or rounded base, 4—6 cm long, 3-—4cm wide, oval, entire or 3-lobed, with oblong lobes; cauline leaves coriaceous, sessile, 1-4cm long, 2-4mm wide, deeply incised, with spinose-rooted lobes. Heads ca. 10mm long and as wide; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear-lanceolate, stiff, strongly declinate, 2 to 4 times as long as the heads, with 1—2 basal spines, some- times bristly-spiny along margin, with spinose-acuminate apex; bracts subulate, the outer sometimes 3-toothed (Walics fen als Woron.), longer 63 87 88 than flowers; calyx-teeth oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; petals ca. 2mm long; styles longer than sepals; fruit ca. 5mm long, angular, scales lanceolate, long-acuminate, equal. Fl. May—July, Fr. July—September. Steppes and semideserts, foothill and lower levels of mountains. — Caucasus: Cisc. (rare in the east), Dag., W., E. and S. Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., Iran. (to Kashmir in the east). Described from the Shirvan Steppe. Type in Leningrad. Section 6. HALOBIA Calest. in Webbia, 1 (1905) 126; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61, 121.— Blades of radical leaves stiff coriaceous (live leaves fleshy), rounded; petioles not shorter than blades. Monotypic section. 13, E.maritimum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 233; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. I, 201; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 238; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 829; Shmal'g., Fl. 1, 384; Voronov in Vestn. Tifl. Bot. Sada, X,4; Wolff in Pflzr. Heft 61,122; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il], 121.— E.maritimum tauricum Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. (1812) 47.— Exs.: Schulz, Herb. norm. No. 2641; Fl. ital. exs. No. 1707. Bluish-gray perennial, 40-70cm high; stem robust, ca. 1 cm thick at base, spreading-branching, above with forked branches; petioles of radical leaves not shorter than blades; blades hard-coriaceous, rounded, entire, rarely 3-lobed, median lobe much smaller than the lateral, largely spinose- dentate, with sharply prominent nerves; cauline leaves decurrent on short broad petiole, deeply trifid, with teeth tapering into spines. Heads globular, 1—2 cm becoming 3cm long; involucre of 5, rhombic, 2—4cm long, trifid, leaflets with broadly triangular-spinose teeth; bracts to 12mm long, exceeding flowers, 3-cuspidate; calyx-teeth lanceolate, tapering to cusp, to 5mm long; fruit compressed-ovoid, 12—15mm long, with large lateral scales, the upper nearly spinose in ripe fruit. Fl. July, Fr. August. Sandy and stony seacoasts.— European part: Balt. (to Ezel' Island in the northwest), Bes., Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: W.Transc. Gen. distr.: Atl., Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from sandy shores of W. Europe. Type in London. Section 7. HAPLOPHYLLA Woron. in Izv. Kavk. Muzeya, XI (1918) 95.— Leaves entire, linear, the upper lanceolate-linear, similar to leaves of Bupleurum. Monotypic section. 14, E.wanaturi* Woron. in Izv. Kavk. Muzeya (1918) 54; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il, 121.— E. woronowii E.Bordz. in Fedde, Repert. XXXVI (1934) 303. Perennial; stems 35—50 cm high, solitary, bluish above, branching slightly above, base covered with remnants of dead leaves; leaves coriaceous, entire; radical leaves linear, 10—30cm long, to 1cm wide, tapering to poorly developed petiole; nerves longitudinal, the median and marginal thickened; cauline leaves shorter, amplexicaul, the upper to 1.5cm wide at base, lanceolate-linear, elongating, with few bristly spines at margin; * Named after ancient Armenian god protecting the traveler. 64 89 uppermost leaves shorter, bifid. Inflorescence of 2—9 globular heads, 1—1.5cm long; leaflets of involucre 7—9, spinose, linear, margin bristly- spinose, especially in lower part;bracts lanceolate, curved, longer than flowers, the outer sometimes with 1—2 prickles; petals blue, deeply 2- partite above; calyx-teeth lanceolate, with spinose cusp; fruit dorsally covered with cartilaginous scales. Fl. June, Fr. July. PlateIV, Figure ila) Stony slopes, high mountain belt.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Daralagez, Karny Yarykh). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Sandzhan, near the upper reaches of the Euphrates. Cotype in Leningrad. Subfamily Ill. APIOIDEAE Drude in Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 145.— Fruit with soft-parenchymatous endocarp without raphides, sometimes becoming hard, nut-shaped through lignification of the subepidermal layer; styles apical on stylopodium; in young ovaries canals vallecular, becoming variously distributed. Tribe 1. ECHINOPHOREAE Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. (1867) 862. — Flowers unisexual, monoecious, receptacle of umbel dilated; 1 central- sessile pistillate flower and pedicelled staminate flowers; calyx-teeth foliate, hardening; petals in staminate flowers curved inwards, in pistillate flowers erect; styles elongate, erect, hard; fruit oblong-pyramidal, 1-seeded through abortion of one cell; pericarp scarious with 1—3 canals in valleculae. Genus 945. ECHINOPHORA * L.. L. Sp. pl. ed.1 (1753) 239 Flowers heterogenous, the central bisexual, sessile in umbel, pistillate with 5 foliate calyx-teeth, the outer staminate, pediceled; calyx of staminate flowers with oblong-lanceolate posterior teeth, the other flowers very small; petals white or yellow, emarginate; ovary adnate to pedicels of staminate flowers, buried in receptacle; stylopodium conical; styles straight or curved, much longer than stylopodium; fruit oblong-pyramidal, basally thickened through adnation to receptacle and pedicels of sterile flowers, subcylindrical in cross section; ribs obsolete; canals singly under valleculae; albumen at commissure deeply emarginate, with inturned margins. Stiff perennial herbs, branching from base, pubescent or glabrous, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves. Ten species distributed in S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia and Central Asia. 1. Plant entirely glabrous; lobes of last order filiform, 1.5—8cm long, 0.2—0.3mm wide; petals white, glabrous, the outer expanding in LUT ene ee, Rect mone te cone carole ts otra eyes Gy sure, i 1. E.trichophylla Smith. * From Greek echinos — spine, phoros — bearing. 65 90 ar Plant densely covered with short hairs; leaf lobes of the last order short, lanceolate-linear; petals yellow, dorsally pubescent, with ciliate margins, outer ones notinumbel ......... 2. E.sibthorpiana Guss. Section 1. LEUCOPHORA DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 230.— Euechino- phora Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 947, p.p.— Petals white, glabrous, the marginal petals expanding. 1. E.trichophylla Smith in Rees Cycl. XII (1819) No.3; DC Prodr. IV, 239;-lidb. Fl. Ross. II, 395;, Boiss. Fl. or. Il, 948; Grosse. Hit Kayk sie 1237="le.s) Jaub. et-Sp. llitors tabyz3soy— ebixce: Sls cauess exGemNomeitc a Perennial, glabrous throughout; root ca. 1cm thick, ascending or erect; stem thin, strong, finely striated, 10—60cm high, branching nearly from base or only in upper part with spreading, subhorizontal or obliquely antrorse branches; radical leaves numerous, ovate-oblong, 20—40cm long, 8—15cm wide, bipinnate or tripinnate, the thinly filiform lobes of the last order 1.5—8cm long, 0.2-0.3mm wide. Umbels 1.5—4cm across, with 10-12 thickish, irregular rays scabrous above; involucre of 5 linear- lanceolate, thin-acuminate leaflets becoming reflexed; umbellets 6-8mm across; involucels of 5—6 lanceolate, acute, erect leaflets nearly as long as umbellets; calyx-teeth in staminate flowers unequal, often very short, the posterior lanceolate-subulate; petals white, the marginal ca. 1.5mm long; stylopodium obsolete; styles divergent, often arcuate,ca. 3mm long. July— August. (Plate V, Figure 1.) Dry stony slopes and in desert steppes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. (Khishe-Kala), Iran.. Described from the Levant. Type in London. Section 2. CHRYSOPHORA DC Prodr. IV (1830) 230.— Euechino- phora Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 947, p.p.— Petals yellow, the marginal not increscent, ciliate. 2. E.sibthorpiana Guss. Suppl. Fl. Sic. Prodr. (1832—1943) 69; Boiss.) El. on. ll, 949; Grosse., Fl. Kavk. Ml 123. — Be femud ton maelewse Fl. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 199, non L.— E.tenuifolia var. Sib - thorpiana Griseb. Spicil. Fl. Rumel. et Bith. eee. Sibth. Bi Graec. tab.7266. Perennial; root vertical, 4-5mm thick; stems 20—50cm high, striate- spreading-branching nearly from base, like leaves densely covered with short spreading hairs; radical leaves 25—30cm long, ca. 20cm wide, broadly ovate, bipinnate-tripinnate, short-petioled, abruptly dilated to sheath; primary lobes sessile, narrowly oblong, secondary lobes ovate, pinnatifid, lobules lanceolate-linear, acute or irregularly acutely toothed; cauline leaves sessile, the uppermost simple-pinnate, with 2—3 short dentate lobules. Umbels numerous, 1—1.5cm across, with 2—5 short hairy rays; leaflets of involucre 2—5, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, densely pubescent; umbellets 0.5—0.7mm across; involucels of 5 lanceolate, pubescent leaflets as long as umbellets, becoming stiff, procumbent or 66 (91) PLATE V. 1— Echinophora trichopylla Smith; 2 —E.sibthorpiana Guss. 67 93 recurved; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long, dorsally pubescent, with ciliate margin. Fl. August, Fr. September—October. (Plate V, Figure 2.) Stony slopes, solonetzic desert steppes, cotton crops, wheat, vineyards, irrigated ditches, railroad beds.— Caucasus: E. and S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min7) Arm-.=Kurd., Iran. Described from Greece. Tribe 2. SCANDICEAE DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 220,emend. Drude in Pflanzenf. III, 8 (1898) 146.— Flowers bisexual or polygamous, often bi- sexual flowers mixed with staminate, central flower of each umbellet usually fertile, all flowers on more or less long pedicels; styles erect or recurved on conical stylopodium; fruit 2-seeded, oblong-cylindrical, some- times growing into more or less elongate cylindrical or flattened beak; mericarps with 5 filiform or flat ribs; canals 1—4 under valleculae, 2—8 at commissure, often obliterated in ripe fruit; druses of crystals abundant in parenchyma surrounding carpophore; seeds long, narrow, with more or less deep furrow at commissure; pericarp often covered with tubercles, bristles or prickles. Genus 946. PHYSOCAULIS* (Dc.) Tausch Tausch in Flora, XVI (1834) 342.- Dasyspermum Neck. Elem. (1790) 295, p-p.— Chaerophyllum sect. Physocaulis DC. Coll. mém.V (1829) 59; DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 225.- Fiebera Opiz, Seznam (1852) 44.— Biasolettia Bertol. Fl. ital.III (1837) 191,non Koch (1836) Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, deeply notched, with incurved lobe; fruit narrowly oblong, pyramidally tapering from broad base, slightly compressed laterally, covered with antrorse bristles sessile on tubercles; mericarps subrounded at cross section; pericarp very thick, l-layered epicarp, 1—3 layers of chlor- enchyma, parenchyma, and columns of sclerenchymatous plates; main ribs 5, broad, flat, separated by narrow valleculae; vallecular canals solitary, large; albumen deeply canaliculate-notched, horseshoe-shaped in cross section. Annuals with ternate, bipinnate leaves. A monotypic Mediterranean genus distributed from Algeria and Portugal to the Crimea, Caucasus, Iran and Syria. 1. P.nodosus (L.) Tausch in Flora (1834) 342 et in Koch, Taschenb. (1844) 232; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 909; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. 15 (1920) 90; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 123.— Scandix nodosa L. Sp. pl. (1753) Ze Ghacizophyilium: nodosum Crantz, Cl, Umbell a naende (1767) (62 db. hl oshoss. 117349; Shalala A2e. asl or Mies macrocarpa Gaertn. Fruct.1 (1778) 183.— T.tumida Moench, Meth. (1794) 102.— Anthriscus nodosa Pers. Synops.I (1805) 320.— A. scandix M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 231, nec Aschers.— Biasolettia nodosa Bertol. Fl. Ital. III (1837) 191.— Fiebera nodosa Opiz, Seznam (1852) * From the Greek physa — vesicle and kaulos — stem; referring to the inflated nodes of the stem. 60115 1 68 LA ie who alcH ele AGernd PoOaeiraloe 20M o> MISOZOq role, 11a eel. Az. Ross. XV, 86, fruit; Briquet in Festschrift zur Feier des siebzigsten Geburts- tages Prof. Ascherson (1904) S.352, fruit in cross section. Annual; stems branching, 20—100cm high, covered in lower part with long retrorse bristly hairs, glabrous above, with bluish stripes, internodes hollow, inflated below nodes; leaves ternate-binate, densely covered with appressed, antrorse, bristly hairs; lobes of the first order petioluled, of the last order obtuse, abruptly short-acuminate. Umbels of 2—3(5) rays covered with rigid antrorse hairs, in fruit divergent, slightly thickened; involucre absent (rarely of 1—2 leaflets); umbellets with 5-10 rays; leaflets of involucels 5, triangular-lanceolate or linear, herbaceous, thinly acuminate, scabrous; petals with few bristles outside; fruit j= 1.5) iaquaal long. May—June. Forests, shrubby formations, stony slopes. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. [Krymskaya, Stavropol), W. Transc. (Novorossiisk), E. and S.Transc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm., Pam-Al. Gen. distr.: W. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran. (Astrabad province); introduced in France and England. Described from Sicily. Type in London. Genus 947. CHAEROPHYLLUM * L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 258.— Lindera Adans. Fam.lI (1763) 493.— Polgidon Raf. Good Book (1840) 52.— Rhynochostylis Tausch in Flora, XVII (1843) 343, non Blume.— Balansaea Boiss. et Reut. Pug. pl. nov. (1852) 49.— Bellia Bubani, Fl. Pyren.II (1900) 411.- Selinum subgen. Chaerophyllum Krause in Sturm, Deutsch. Flora, 2 Aufl.XII (1904) 50.- Golenkinianthe K-Pol. in Tr. Yur'ev. Bot. Sada, XV (1914) 107; Russk. Bot. zhurn. (1915) 18; in Fl. Az. Ross. 15 (1920) 43 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, pink, red or purple, obcordate, deeply notched, with inward curved lobule in notch, cuneate at base or abruptly passing into short claw; marginal petals often elongate; fruit oblong-cylindrical or narrowly ellipsoid, tapering but beakless, slightly flattened laterally. Mericarps subrounded or obtusely 5-angled, the 5 obtuse, slightly flattened, smooth, main ribs distinctly protruding when ripe; canals large, solitary in valleculae; stylopodium conical, sometimes short-conical bearing filiform or thickish styles, recurved below, rarely erect or diver- gent; albumen with longitudinal furrow. Herbaceous tuberous biennials (rarely root cylindrical) or rhizomatous perennials, the leaves many times pinnatisect. A genus of forty species in temperate Europe, Asia and America (4 species). 1. Biennials with tuber, rarely annuals with simple thin root fusiform: - it Wen SON ee teh ee SMEG Wellies cit MBB ce los er wie emer e -lebice sa NeRmeI tn onSeve!"/e: A De ar Perennials) nwath wri z ones (blacks pre@ Olay | enicie8 0 (9-12) =) 0) tos atari o>) ie Ika 2. Root thinly fusiform; umbels with 6—12 scabrous-bristly rays TE CR AOR SESTiS: 6 0 (CRO ROROMCROC ROME CEEIEC O° 0, 0.50 BCMROMO a MEO mC aOR RC Li, @. ie@mapuluiea Ib * From the Greek name, referring to the agreeable scent of the foliage. 69 PLATE VI. 1— Chaerophyllum borodinii Alb; 2—Ch.confusum Woron; 3 — Ch.angeli- cifolium M.B. 70 98 oo Oo +o t+ wp + Me 12. Root tuberiform; umbel rays glabrous, very rarely scabrous- FagIGINGS LAY Ne Pik tes CORAL Te ncdter ole Meena eM Tom eWtey (eMeleleiiatay Vel. (cp Moist chev ude oh ataieree ie ewe es Sie Lower and median leaves 2—7cm long, 1—3.5 cm wide, biternate, the ovate) lobesidentate or pinnatisect:(Caueasus)) 44... ..+ oa. « 4, Eeayesinmipinnaves lobes Ofsrihe last Onrdem linear Om Oblome a. ies se. ee Leaflets of involucels glabrous...... 14. €.meyeri Boiss. et Buhse. Beatlersion mvolweells withjenhare Onema WouUSssmaarcinS ecm vertlete: = = = 5. Peitailcmre diypluakOrs vad Olle ty Uapaiter er on ei lemee) ics! cette 15. C.confusum Woron. IE Gites, \VlonhS. Bh ey toe Gece ANG fore) DEMON eNOE cic “OU CRS cad TqaGmetentss Omen ch loli Smet i steam 5 6. Umbel rays glabrous; styles straight, slightly divergent ...... a Mg, Oo. CRE Sonne oon Me comers, (Bs RAND (EI AN SME 13. C.angelicifolium M.B. Umbel rays scabrous-bristly; styles recurved below .......... So MY Ide Bo, 8) Dayo, Oe Dea Lew ONG Chal eae ® B SO hOae pop Remo al 5 16. C.temuloides Boiss. Marginal petals strongly elongate (to 4mm); leaflets of involucels COWSIEE Wala SOs orenbos ces Gg Oho toko oleae bo Oe 17. C.crinitum Boiss. Marginal petals not elongate, if elongate then not exceeding 2mm; leaflets of involucels glabrous, very rarely with few rigid bristles .. Involucels of 6—10 equal leaflets; styles straight, thickish, becoming Ginereent.. Stem) Often hairy mearlyato apex Sa 2. Caprescotti DE: Involucels of 3—5 unequal leaflets; styles thin, recurved from base; SuStaa, leo wis) ia wyojosie lake "Boas o6 6) og Slo tlc lo SHG o 6G 3 5 Oro nie 2) Marginal petals elongate to 2mm; fruit often small, 4-5mm long ee ie sar ease hs Lie a ieeels 2p lon Cacaucasicum” iseh. aSchischi<. Magcinclep ctalcenOimelonoatery et glint to Omani lOO pert ite teli-lcibous) -) =» 10. Marginal leaf lobes of the last order oblong-linear, 1-2mm wide; fruit 5—6mm long; nearly all flowers in umbellet fertile (European LEME NOMMIOIS SIR) are. Setebopenis) ce welap eRe) wal calls citer oyrtiaia) Gh alts 18. C. bulbosum L. Leaf lobes of the last order ovate or oblong, 2-5mm wide; fruit omm long; often 1—4 fertile flowers in umbel (Turkmen SSR) 7 4. GG 0 6 315 gon Oo Gathialo lO dilpmon Glia, cuinlctole tc 20. C. bobrovii Schischk. Peveulss slo re Slkiyelanlay joialatslal 1g 4885 die ao Soo og pos oj 6 6 a eae Pet SH pinkie duo TCO UIgp Ley ro stein chen Le sme) ow paeracs ae acts, Gey Rane dais as PAOR INTeUN, GxCesoliarey Ik) ccaiands Orally Imieicnule ial Whale ayy Go Gain 6 Geteeons Sear pie eis Maton, & 12. C. macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey. Fruit not exceeding 13mm; all or few flowers in umbel fertile... 13. Plants characteristic of high mountain taluses, with slightly developed, slightly leafy stems not exceeding 20cm in height..... ee Pillans Wilde leary sismag SO=LOO @malolela 596 oa oe Sle o ale 5 O44 oS so LBs Leaflets of involucels ciliate; umbel rays more or less densely WHIUGWUS po ou 686 Bo 5 ons d Snobs ees oss be aa ses 4, C.humile Stev. Leaflets of involucels glabrous; umbel rays glabrous or remotely WONG. Gicepiom's) sibha oi easiel ge RU BOS Dees OOn ot Seas oGuemaMBe one 5. C.kiapazi Woron. JP wells Wyre Gilles wareicemalss SiG Sos dis 6 oo clo dceG 3. C.cicutaria Vill. Petals not ciliate along margin, sometimes dorsally pubescent ... 16. (Uhamovelsy One Se ee WEN (OE OU GMs Gupe do tooo Ono DiS ono) Gedna! Gio bo osb i aeons WrMosils! Oi WOSA0 AVS 5 BMS le Si avokara bl ol sta lamer co 1540 Gl ald oho ator aus 18. Stems in lower part and leaves densely covered with stiff hairs, Cntinenpl amricaneS@ emt tier ae lilies sis) « 10. C. khorossanicum Czernjak. Stems and leaves glabrous or subglabrous ..... 9. C.borodinii Alb. 71 99 ee Leaf lobes of the last order narrowly linear; leaflets of involucels ovate, white-membraneous, the juvenile entirely covering umbellets; OU eee nodicawllOeee 4 y dn Sueo weno ioe Slt 8. C.astrantiae Boiss. et Bal. at Leaf lobes of the last order ovate; leaflets of involucels of different shape and shorter than leaflets of umbellets; fruit 7-13mm long. . 2 Me gu MNEs ios foo atone» ce yaicaye noe 8 EROS ct ee eee ig). 19. Cauline leaves bi-quadripinnatisect; lobes of the last order poorly devel- oped, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad basein lower part bidentate: eas 4) 2.) + SONS AO Geis ve Me ee 1. C.aromaticum L. +P Cauline leaves bi-quadripinnatisect; lobes of the last order devel- oped, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, with broad base in lower part deeply pinnatisect or pinnatipartite, becoming less divided above, with dentate or entire tip % =. 7; --. =.= = = % = 2. C.maculatum Willd. 20. Leaflets of involucels long-subulate, longer than umbellets; fruit Ae ISViaa Tay CINE RENE ce CNV ol) 6 4 0% Sollee hor 2 ("6 ponieh c 6. C.roseum M.B. a Leaflets of involucels as long as, sometimes shorter than umbels; ewe, Gsj= (eeioaaay lo Gato ced Bio deeoM. S10 So clea 2 “ox 1. Co rubelilima: Adie Subgenus 1. Nomochaerophyllum K.-Fol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1915) 141.— Perennials, rarely annuals or biennials, tuberless; in umbellets with many or few flowers. Series 1. Aromatica K.-Pol. in Bot. Mat. Gerb.IV (1923) 189, emend. — Perennials; umbels of 10-20 rays; petals white or purple, glabrous, leaf lobes of the last order ovate. 1G aromaticum. Ui. Sp. pl. (1753))259; DC. Prodi. IV; 227 wiedion nile Rosseligcose. shinalo Hl ie4Zos Grosso. bl. KavicwMl £207 nse cueielniess aromatica Roehling, Deutschl. Flora (1796) 153; Wahl in Oken, Iris, XXI (1826) 984.- Myrrhis aromatica Spreng. in Schult. Syst. Veg. VI (1820) 509.— Selinum aromaticum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, FI. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 67.— Ic.: Jacq. Fl. Austr. Il, tab. 150 (1774); Rehb. Pl. crit. VI, t. 514 (1828).— Exs.: G.R.F. No.2613; Fl. Finl. exs. No. 305. Perennial; rhizome thick, horizontal or ascending; stem erect, 50— 200cm high, branching, rather deeply furrowed when dry, nodes more or less inflated, lower part covered like petioles with long (1-2 mm) stiff, retrorse, whitish hairs sessile on tubercles, upper part subglabrous; leaves gray-green, with short appressed sparse hairs above or subglabrous, with short bristles along nerves below, twice or nearly thrice ternately compound; lobes of the last order elliptic or obovate, 4-10cm long, 1.5—5cm wide, acuminate, thinly bidentate; lower leaves long-petioled, upper leaves sessile on short sheaths with scarious margin often bearded at base, less compound. Umbels of 12—20 smooth rays; involucre obsolete or of 1 deciduous leaflet; leaflets of involucels 7—9, broadly lanceolate, broadly scarious, long and thinly acuminate, with ciliate margin, becoming reflexed; petals white, glabrous, obovate, 2-lobed for one-third; fruits in each umbel few or single, cylindrical, 8-13mm long, ca. 3mm u2 100 across, pale brown with dark longitudinal stripes; styles filiform, 2 to 3 times as long as the conical stylopodium; column 2-partite at tip. July, Bigs eAucuisitie Shrubby formations, alder stands, thinned-out forests, cliffs. — European part: Kar.-Lap. (SO) Sad aUame esate Ue Dror UL Vie echo Vi arnaa (W.), V.-Don, M. Dnp., Bl., Bes., U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. (Balkans). Described from Europe. Type in London. 2. C.maculatum Willd. Enum. pl. Horti Berol. Suppl. (1816) 15; DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 226; C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 364.— Ch. aureum caucasicum Fisch. in Cat. Horti Gorenk. (1812) nom. nud.; Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 512.- Myrrhis maculata Sweet, Hort. brit. ed.1 (1827) 189.— Ch. aureum a@ glabriusculum Ldb. Fl. Ross. Il (1844-1846) 352, non Koch.— Ch. aureum var. maculatum Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872) 906.— Ch. aureum subsp. maculatum Hand.-Mazz. in Annal. K.K. Natur. Hofmus. Wien, XXIII (1909) 174.— Ch. aureum Schmalh., Fl. 1 (1895) 424, nonL.; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,127.— Ch. ghilanicum Stapf et Wettst. in Denkschr. Acad. Wien, LXI (1886) 54.— Ic.: Willd. Hort. berol. II, t.107 (1816). Perennial; root rather thick; stem solitary, erect, 50-150cm high, branching, slightly furrowed, somewhat thickened below nodes, with stiff retrorse hairs below, spreading-hairy or glabrous above, often with violet spots; leaves triangular, more or less densely covered with semiapres- sed hairs, tripinnatisect, their blade 10—20cm long and nearly as wide, the petioles as long as blades or longer, gradually broadening to narrow, oblong sheath; lower primary lobes on petiolules, the upper sessile, lobes of the last order ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, with ciliate margin, proximally deeply and irregularly dentate or pinnatisect. Umbels of 10—20 glabrous irregular rays, 3.5—-8 cm across, crowded in fruit; involucre obsolete; umbellets 6-10mm across; leaflets of involucels 5—7, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, long-ciliate, reflexed in fruit; petals white, 2—2.5mm long, the marginal hardly elongate; fruit oblong-linear, 8-12 mm long, ca. 2mm thick; stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, to twice as long as stylopodium. June—July, Fr. July—August. Beech, hornbeam-beech, ash-maple, oak and mixed forests, forest edges. — European part: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from the Caucasus: Type was in Berlin. Series 2. Hirsuta K.-Pol. l1.c.— Perennials; petals with ciliate margin. 3. C.cicutaria Vill. Prosp. (1779) 26, non Rchb.— Ch. hirsutum ledps ule OSs lies 3. anon eee Schima ton Epa ExcOsis pany bleak Mil, 125.— Ch. palustre @ glabrum Lam. Encycl. Meth.1 (1783) 683, Ds |95— (Clee lami Solin wlioa ula, (CO win, eiig we) (Gaud.) Thell. in Hegi, III. He wver2e hO2 6) POO Se 1G hiasahtine Susi ulmagavcur sa © teluteamq isan Gaidhasehae. Helv. II (1818) 195.— Myrrhis cicutaria Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 29.— Selinum kochii E.H.l.Krause in Sturm-EL. Deutsichl. 73 ed. 2, XII (1904) 66.— Ic.: Coste, Fl. Franc. II, 222.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2614. 101 Perennial; root long, its neck covered with dead petioles; stem erect or ascending, 30—120cm high, thick, cylindrical, furrowed, shiny; leaves, with exception of upper ones, long-petioled, broadly triangular, ternate, pinnately compound, the lower primary lobes nearly as long as remaining part of leaf, bristly-hairy, rarely subglabrous, the lower side often shiny. Umbels of 10—20 glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1—2 deciduous leaflets; involucels of 5—10 lanceolate, long-acuminate, irregular leaflets with scarious ciliate margin, becoming reflexed; petals white, very rarely pink, notched for */4 to '/3, with short inturned tip, margin more or less densely ciliate; fruit oblong-linear, to 12mm long, ca. 2mm wide, nearly as long as or longer than pedicel; ribs as wide as dark valleculae, stylopodium conical; styles 2—3 times as long as stylopodium, divergent; carpophore thickened above base, tapering at both ends, split for “3. June—July. Boggy meadows, banks of streams and creeks in coniferous and alder stands, in shady ravines.— European part: U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Med., Eur., Bal.-As. Min. (Balkans). Described from France. Type in Paris (2). Series 3. Humilia K.-Pol. 1.c. emend.— Low alpine plant, with poorly developed slightly leafy stem; petals white, glabrous. 4, C.humile Stev. in M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.III (1819) 240; DC. Prodr. 1V,22 (28 udb.eF le Rossel, 3523) Boiss. (Fltvorl ly 90%;, (Grosse eka ass LOU Z5e Viney eichse hue his tschult Syst. veo sy (1820) 519. Perennial; acaulescent or with short simple stems 2—25cm long; root vertical, 0.8 cm thick; stems and peduncles numerous, procumbent or ascending, with short, sparse pubescence or subglabrous, nearly always densely soft-hairy below umbel; radical leaves oblong or ovate, bipinnati- sect, the primary lobes on more or less long petiolules cut into oblong or ovate acute lobules. Umbels of 4—7 rays 1.5—3cm across, the rays unequal, more or less densely villous-hairy; involucre 0 or of single linear-oblong, reflexed or spreading, villous-hairy leaflet; involucels of 6—7 ovate broadly scarious leaflets with villous-ciliate margin, becoming reflexed below; umbel rays glabrous or sparingly pubescent; petals white; fruit short- cylindrical, 4—7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; ribs thickly filiform; stylopodium 102 conical; styles short, becoming recurved. June—July. (Plate VII, Figure 3.) Glacial moraines, taluses in alpine zone, 2,500—3,500m.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E. and W.Transe. Endemic. Described from sources of the Ksani River. Type in Leningrad. 5. C.kiapazi Woron. sp. n. in Addenda XV, 424. Perennial; plant glabrous or with scattered hairs; root vertical or ascending, 5mm thick; stems few or many, weak, ascending, 1—-30cm long, sometimes reduced to single few-branched peduncle; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, oblong, bipinnatisect, with petiolular primary lobes, lobules broadly linear, acute, 2-4mm long, 0.5—0.75 mm wide; petioles broadened into oblong sheaths, sometimes with densely ciliate margin; upper leaves smaller. Umbels on long (5—12 cm) peduncles, 74 2—3cm across, of 4—8 unequal, glabrous or remotely hairy rays, markedly elongating in fruit; involucre 0 or of single scarious glabrous or villous- obate-oblong leaflet; involucels of 5—7 ovate, broadly membranous acute or obtuse, glabrous or ciliate. Sometimes dorsally villous reflexed leaf- lets; petals white, hardly notched, with recurved tip inside notch; fruit short-cylindrical, 6mm long and 1.5mm wide; stylopodium flat; styles short, divergent; ribs thickly filiform. July. (Plate VII, Figure 1.) Limestone taluses in alpine zone, 2,700—3,000m.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (Kyapaz Mountain). Endemic. Described from Kyapaz Mountain. Type in Leningrad. Series 4. Rosea Schischk.— Low alpine perennials; leaf lobes of the last order linear; petals pink or reddish. 6. C.roseum M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 234, var. 8B et yinclus.; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 11, 352; Boiss. Fl. or.II, 906; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 424; Grossg., Fl. Kank gull eo. 3 @ hes ten if od ium pStev.. ainvHonrina. Gen sUimbeliee ede tl (1814) 180, ed. 2 (1816) 212,non Poir. (1816).— Ch. brachycarpum M.B. in Hoffm. Umbell. II (1816) 212; M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc. Suppl. (1819) 239.— Ch. millefolium DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 226; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, JOC EOISS Mle onl, I0%5. Grossc. Pl. aKavle. Wl, 12 oo) Viva hissy ose a Spreng. in Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 519.- M. millefolia Spreng. l.c. (1820).— Sphallerocarpus millefolius K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.n.s. XXIX (1916) 202.— Chaerophyllum roseum var. millefolium Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 424; Kozo-Pol. in Bot. mat. Gerb. 103 Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR, IV (1923) 173.— Ic.: Gartenfl. XXVI, tab. 915 (1877). Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.3-1cm thick; stem erect or slightly curved at nodes, slightly branching above or sometimes from middle, rarely simple, 20—70cm high, entirely glabrous or covered with spreading or retrorse hairs below; petioles of radical and lower cauline leaves longer than blades, the latter ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-9cm long, 2—5cm wide, glabrous or with short rigid hairs, tripinnatisect; primary and secondary lobes on short petiolules, sometimes subsessile, lobes of the last order linear or oblong-linear, sometimes narrowly linear or sub- filiform (var. millefolium (DC.) Schmalh,), acute or obtuse, 2-5mm long, ca. 0.6mm wide; petioles broadened to oblong, glabrous or ciliate sheath with narrow scarious margin; upper leaves smaller, sessile on sheath. Umbels of 7-11 smooth rays crowded in fruit; involucre 0 or with 1 (or 2) ovate, apically linear, 1—-1.5 cm long, villous-hairy, usually reflexed, rarely erect leaflets; involucels 5—6-leaved, one-sided; outer leaflets (2—3) attenuate, ovate at base, irregular, margin with soft, long hairs, 1b to 2 times as long as umbels, rarely equal; inner leaflets ovate, much shorter than pedicels; petals pale or saturated pink, very rarely white (var. albiflorum Schischk.), elongating, 2-lobed to middle; fruit linear-oblong, 4.5—7mm long,ca. 2mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles longer than stylopodium, later recurved. July. Alpine and subalpine meadows, mountain slopes.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., W. and. Transc., Endemic. Described from.Georgia.) Type in Leningrad. 75 104 107 Note. C.roseum is extremely variable in all characters. The leaf lobes of the last order are oblong or linear, sometimes subfiliform; the stems and petioles are profusely pubescent with spreading or retrorse hairs, glabrous or subglabrous; the petals are pink, pink-purple, rarely white; the involucre is usually obsolete or 1—5 leaflets similar to those of the involucels. It grows mainly along the Main Range very rarely in the Lesser Caucasus or W. Transcaucasia. Most authors recognize two species which in the absence of other characters depend on the nature of the leaf lobe: C.millefolium DC. and C.roseum M.B. (DeCandolle, Ledebour, Boissier, Grossgeim). But the dissection of the leaves seems to depend on ecological factors. Plants with thin lobules Ge e.,C. mille- folium DC.) do in fact occur throughout the distribution area of the species. With Shmal'gauzen and Kozo-Polyanskii we recognize a single Sspecies,C. roseum M.B. 7. -C..cubellum Alp, Prodr Fl. Coleh. (1895) 1053) Grosse. .Hly ekeivic. Mt, 12 52—"€ hie ra be liu m'evare colehi cum (Lipsky in Dea Boteisadase aus (1895) 274.- Ch. roseum var. rubellum K.-Pol in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR, IV (1923) 173. — Exs.: Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 88. Perennial; stem 25—60cm high, branching from base, glabrous or in lower part sparingly pubescent like the leaves; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, ovate, bipinnatisect, primary lobes petioluled, ovate, secondary lobes ovate, acute, acutely or obtusely toothed; 2—6mm long, 1.5—-2mm wide; median cauline leaves short-petioled, petiole inflated to sheath — dissected into longer and narrower lobules; upper leaves sessile on sheath, dissected into linear lobules. Umbels of 5-11 smooth rays 2—5em across; involucre 0 or of 1—6 linear irregular leaflets; involucels multifoliate, leaflets lanceolate and lanceolate-subulate, villous-hairy, shorter than umbels; petals intensively purple-red, glabrous, 1.5 mm long; petals linear-oblong, 6.5—7.5mm long; stylopodium short-conical; styles as long as or longer than stylopodium, erect at first, becoming recurved. June—August, Fr. September. (Plate VII, Figure 2.) Alpine and subalpine meadows, 2,800m.— Caucasus: Cisc. (W.), W. Transc. Endemic. Described from NW Caucasus. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad. Series 5. Involucrata Schischk.— Perennials; petals white; leaflets of involucels ovate, longer or shorter than umbels. 8. C.astrantiae Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 906; Grossg., Blo icaivikes Ue antes Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 4-7mm thick; stems solitary or few, upright, erect or slightly curved, 15—50cm high, glabrous, rarely covered in lower part with retrorse stiff hairs, simple or with 1 branch above; radical and lower cauline leaves long-petioled, dilated to oblong sheath, the blades triangular-oblong, 3 to 4 times pinnatisect, glabrous or with short stiff hairs, with narrowly linear or subfiliform acute lobes of the last order, 3-10mm long, 0.2-—0.4mm wide; upper leaves smaller, sessile on elongated sheath. Umbels of 11—15, glabrous, slightly irregular 76 PLATE VII. 1- Chaerophyllum kiapazi Woron; 2—Ch.rubellum Alb.; 3— Ch.humile Stev. 77 108 rays, 2.5-5cm across; involucre 0 or of 1—2 oblong-ovate scarious leaf- lets with ciliate margin, half as long as umbel rays; involucels of 6—7 ovate or broadly ovate leaflets, scarious but for the midrib, with villous-ciliate margin, as long as umbels, apex short-acuminate or tapering abruptly into more or less long subulate tip; petals rounded, 4-59mm long; stylopodium short-conical. July—August. Subalpine and alpine meadows, thickets of Caucasian rhododendrons, rarely in rocks.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Adzhar-Imeretian Range, Karchkal Mountain, Sanislo Range, Trial Mountain). Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range). Described from Pontus Range (Dzhimil). Type in Geneva. 9. C.borodinii Alb. in Bull. Herb. Boiss.II (1894) 451; Prodr. Fl. Colch. (1895) 106; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 126. Perennial; rhizome vertical or ascending; stems few, ascending at base, geniculately bent at nodes, 20—50cm high, branching from base, stems and leaves glabrous, sheaths foliate, with softly ciliate margin; radical and lower cauline leaves commonly long-petioled, abruptly passing into oval sheath with searious margins, leaves ovate-oblong, thrice pinnatisect, lobes of the last order narrowly linear, 2—5mm long, 0.2-—0.5mm wide; upper leaves sessile on sheath, with slightly filiform lobes. Umbels in flower 1.5—3cm across, of 3—4(5), irregularly glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1 ovate, early deciduous leaflet with ciliate-scarious margin; leaflets of involucels ovate-lanceolate, with broadly scarious villous margin, becom- ing recurved below; umbels with sterile and (1-4) fertile flowers; fruit linear-oblong, 8-11mm long,ca. 2mm wide; ribs thickish, regular; stylo- podium short-conical; styles several times as long as stylopodium, usually recurved; mericarps concave inside; carpophore splitting into 2 above. Fl. July, Fr. August-September. (Plate VI, Figure 1.) Taluses and limestone rocks, 2,100—2,400m.— Caucasus: W.Transc. (Bzyb Range, Gagry Range, etc.). Endemic. Described from Fisht Mountain. Type in Geneva, cotype in Leningrad. 10. C. khorossanicum Czernjak. sp. nova in Addenda XV, 424. Perennial; root thick,ca. l1cm,vertical; stems few, erect or ascending, 30—80cm high, branching from base, densely covered with short hairs below with longer retrorse bristles, scattered-hairy above or subglabrous; radical leaves long-petioled, broadened at base to oblong sheath, triangular - ovate, 7-12cm long, 2—6cm wide, thrice pinnatisect, primary lobes petioluled, the secondary sessile, pinnatisect into short pinnatifid lobules, densely covered with gray hairs; cauline leaves few, similar to radical, but smaller. Umbels with beard of hairs at base, the 3—5 rays irregular, scattered-hairy; involucre 0; umbels 15-flowered, with fertile and sterile flowers; involucels of 5—7 ovate, acuminate, short-hairy leaflets, with scarious margin; shorter than umbels; petals white, notched, with inward curved tip, hairy outside; fruit cylindrical, 9-11mm long, ca. 1mm across; ribs thickly filiform; stylopodium conical; styles straight, divergent, twice as long as stylopodium. May—June. Mountain slopes, 2,300m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran (Khorasad). Type in Leningrad. 78 Series 7. Temula Schischk.— Annuals or biennials with hairy umbel rays. 11. C.temulum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 258; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 351; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 903; Schmal'g., Fl.1, 423; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, Mae) — (Cha Ammann Ib, Mann, 0 (IBD) Sse, aoa Ib, GU7s)p= Clare ero lianas bios Ir Fl. suec. (1755) 94.- Ch. geniculatum Gilib. Fl. lithuan. I (1782) 29.— Scandix temula Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.I (1788) 1222,- S. nutans Moench, Meth. (1794) 101.- Myrrhis temula All. Fl. Pedem. II (1772) 29; Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 29.— Polgidon temulum Raf. Good Book (1840) 53.— Bellia temulenta Bubani, Fl. Pyren. I (1900) 412.— Selinum temulum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 63.— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub. Il (1907) 425, — Exs.: G.R. F. No. 216. Annual or biennial; root fusiform, whitish; stem 40—80cm high, erect, cylindrical, slightly furrowed when dry, somewhat inflated at nodes, usually with violet or dirty-reddish spots, rather long retrorse stiff hairs below, shortly and thinly appressed-bristly above, with spreading soft hairs; leaves 2 or 3 times pinnatifid, the lowermost petioled, the upper sessile on 109 dilated sheaths and less dissected, covered with short hairs; lobes of first order ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse; lobes of last order broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly crenate, with short mucro. Umbels long-pediceled, of 6—12 scabrous bristly rays; involucre 0 or 1—2-leaved; involucels of 5-8 broadly lanceolate acuminate leaflets, with narrow scarious ciliate margin, slightly connate, sometimes leaflets 2-lobed; flowers polygamous; petals white, rarely reddish or yellowish, 2-lobed up to middle, the outer petals larger; fruit oblong, 5—-7mm long,ca. 1.5mm across, ripe fruit yellowish; pedicels half the length of the fruit, thickish; styles divergent, nearly as long as conical stylopodium; carpophore split into two for short distance. Light forests and groves, shrubby formations, river banks and streams, weedy habitats. —- European part: Kar.-Lap., Lad.-Ilm., Dv.-Pech., Balt., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., V.-Kama, U. Dns., Bes., Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., W. Transc., Tal. Gen.distr.: Centr. Eur. to S. Sweden, Balkans. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. A poisonous plant, containing khellin, a poison to which horses are the most sensitive, cattle and swine less so. Mixed with parsley it may seriously harm even a healthy man. Subgenus 2. Golenkinianthe (K.-Pol.) Schischk. comb. nov. — Golenkiniante K.-Pol. in Tr. Yur'ev. Bot. Sada, XV (1914) 107, gen. — Perennials without tubers; only central flower of umbel fertile. 12. C.macrospermum (Willd.) Fisch. et Mey. ex Hohen. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI (1838) 327; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 351; Boiss. Fl. or. I, 905.— Ch. gilanicum Grossh. Fl. Kavk. Ill (1932) 126, non Stapf et Wettst. in Denkschr. Acad. Wien, LXI (1886) 54.— Scandix gilanica S.G.Gmel. Reise durch Russland, III (1774) 304.— S. macrosperma Willd. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 507.- Myrrhis gilanica Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 520.— M.clavata Spreng. Syst. veg.I (1825) 903.- Grammo- sciadium meoides DC. Coll. Mem. V (GZS) Bsis Wes Iryeohen WW? 79 233.— Golenkinianthe macrosperma K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. Zhurn. (1915) 14.— G. gilanica K.-Pol./in Fl. Az. Ross XV (1920) 43. — les Gmel. Ic. tab. Sox, f..2.— Exs.: E. cinteniswlter teanscasp.. perce TACO Sh OR eNe. W22e Perennial; stem 80—-100cm tall, bearing obliquely antrorse branches 110 nearly from base with stiff retrorse hairs below, glabrous above; radical leaves broadly ovate, ca. 40cm long, 25cm wide, 3 times pinnatisect, with oblong or ovate pinnatifid or dentate lobules covered with whitish spreading bristles, the petioles passing into long oblong sheath with scarious margins; cauline leaves similar but smaller. Umbels in flower 1.2-—2cm across, of 5-10 ribbed glabrous rays; involucre 0; involucels of 7—8 ovate-lanceolate acute leaflets with scarious short-ciliate margin, becoming recurved; central flower of umbel bisexual, on short, subsequently thickening pedicel, remaining 7—8 flowers sterile (staminate); petals white, hardly notched; fruit cylindrical, with thick filiform ribs, 15-17mm long, ca. 2mm thick; stylopodium short-conical; styles long, erect, becoming recurved. July. Herbaceous mountain slopes, 1,500—1,600m, and along banks of mountain streams.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Karabakh, Nakhichevan ASSR, etc.); Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Masinev). Gen. distr.: Arm.- Kurd., Iran. Described from Armenia. Type (was) in Berlin. Subgenus 3. Buniomorfa K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1915) 142.— Plants with tuberiform underground part, cotyledons con- crescent into long tube. Most flowers produce fruit. Biennials. Series 1. Angelicifolia K.-Pol. l.c. (1923). — Lower and median leaves biternate or pinnatifid dentate. 13. G. angelicifollum M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 240; DC. Prodr.IV, 227;) lido. (EL. Rossi. 11,353; (Grosse. Fle Kavk.Ul,126,.— @€h. Washo la enum sBoiss..et Bale exiBoiscs., Mi. osiin(ler2) 9032— Gh aor tes tylum Trautv.,in Tr. Bot, Sada, ll, 2 (era)i27385 Oh. sili clolia diijcleyaim Tr. Bot. Sada XIV (1898) 273, var. minor Lipsky incl.— Myrrhis angelicaefolia Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 509.— Exs.: Pl. cauc. exs. No. 40. Biennial; root tuberiform; stem 40—60(80)cm high branching, glabrous, slightly inflated below nodes, the lower part covered with stiff retrorse hairs, the upper with horizontally spreading hairs; lower leaves tri- angular, 2 to 3 times pinnatisect, on long spreading-ciliate or glabrous petioles dilated into amplexicaul sheath; lobes of the last order large, ovate-oblong or ovate, 2-7cm long, 1-3cm wide, petioluled, dentate- 111 serrate, truncate or rounded or cuneate at base; lobes of upper leaves smaller, sublinear; uppermost leaves sometimes dissected into long linear lobes. Umbels of 10-15 thin divergent glabrous rays, 3—-4cm long; involucre 0; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate leaflets, long-attenuate, 5—7mm long, white-scarious leaflets with ciliate margin, becoming reflexed; petals white (the peripheral ones slightly elongate to 1.5mm); fruit elongate- ovate or sublinear, 5-7mm long, ca. 1mm wide; carpophore splitting at 80 w12 tip; stylopodium yellowish, conical; styles usually twice as long as stylo- podium, erect, somewhat divergent. May—July. (Plate VI, Figure 3.) Beech, wingnut and hornbeam forests, shrubby thickets to 1,800m. — Caucasus: W. and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range). Described from Georgia. Type in Leningrad. 14. C.meyeri Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII GiséO) 03s Boiss wk lor. 11,7902-\Grosse. hla Kavk lll 1245 —"€ hy. angelicaefolium C.A.M.Verzeichn. Pfl. Cauc. (1831) 130, non M.B. Biennial; root tuberiform; stems 20—60cm high, thin, few-branched, slightly inflated below nodes, entire plant, especially petioles, covered with spreading hairs; lower and median leaves on petioles shorter than blades, thrice pinnatisect with primary and secondary lobes on petiolules, the latter ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse, incised-dentate, 2—4.5cm long, 1.5— 3.5cem wide. Umbels of 9-17 smooth thin rays; involucre 0 or of 1 linear- oblong leaflet; leaflets of involucels ovate, with long mucro, glabrous with membranous margin, becoming reflexed, shorter than pedicels; petals white, deeply notched, the peripheral slightly elongate to 2mm long; fruit cylindrical, 8—9 mm long, with filiform ribs; stylopodium short-conical; styles straight, divergent, 2 to 3 times as long as stylopodium. May—June. Mountain forests, 900—1,200m.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Talysh. Type in Leningrad. 15. C. confusum Woron. ex Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 124 and in Tr. Bot. Inst. ANSSSR, ser. 1, ed. 1 (1933) 218. Biennial; stems 30—80cm high, branching from base, covered below with appressed retrorse bristles, glabrous above, leaves twice pinnatisect, primary lobes ovate, acute, auriculately broadened on outer side or more or less deeply and irregularly 2-lobed, incised-dentate; petioles and dilated sheath bristly along margins. Umbels 3—6cm across, of 10—15 thin, smooth rays; involucre 0; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate leaflets, with broadly membranous long-dissected margins and thin, distinctly acuminate apex; petals red, notched for ‘fg to =I, with short tip curved inwards; fruit cylindrical, 5mm long, ca. 1mm wide, with thickly filiform ribs; stylo- podium short-conical; styles as long as or slightly longer than stylopodium, divergent. June-July. (Plate VI, Figure 2.) Subalpine meadows, 1,600—2,700m.— Caucasus: Main Range, W. Transc. (Adzhar-Imeretian Range). Endemic. Described from alpine meadows (Biyuk-pikal'). Type in Leningrad. Note. Fruiting specimens of this species are easily confused with Grranreieiicwwolmcuma Nia Be in Setit eG nc Om sium NVoron-) Canyoe distinguished from C.angelicifolium as follows: the latter species bears 1—6 fruits per umbel, as many flowers do not bear fruit, while in the former species all, or nearly all (20-30) flowers are fertile. Also in C.confusum the styles are as long as or slightly longer than the stylo- podium; inC.angelicifolium they are twice as long. 16. C.temuloides Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. III, II (1844) 64; Boiss. Hyori 903; “Grosise., Ml Kavicwl, Zi. Biennial; root tuberiform; stem solitary, 30-—40cm high, erect, simple, covered below with retrorse stiff hairs, glabrous above; radical and lower 81 113 cauline leaves with long-petiole, passing into oblong sheath bearing thin bristly hairs; blades triangular, twice-thrice pinnatisect with primary lobes on petiolules with short stiff hairs, lobes of the last order oblong or ovate, incised-bidentate; upper leaves smaller and less dissected, sessile on short sheath. Umbels ca. 5cm across, of 10 glabrous irregular rays; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels 5—7, ovate-lanceolate, with scarious, cil- iate margins; petals white, 2-lobed for nearly half their length, with short tip curved inwards; fruit linear-oblong or linear; stylopodium short- conical; styles recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. June. Reported for the Caucasus: E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Iran (N.), Arm.- Kurd. Described from N.Iran. Type in Geneva. Series 2. Crinita Schischk.— Peripheral petals much elongated (to 4mm); leaflets of involucels covered with soft hairs. 17. C.crinitum Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér.III, II (1844) 63; Boiss. Fl. or.lI, 904; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.II, 127. Biennial; root globular-tuberiform; stem 25—50cm high, erect, branch- ing in upper half, sometimes slightly curved at nodes, densely covered in lower part with retrorse hairs, glabrous or with scattered long hairs above; radical and lower cauline leaves early withering, their more or less long petioles passing into an oblong-elongate, pubescent or glabrous sheath with scarious margins; blades triangular-ovate, thrice pinnatisect, covered with stiff hairs; lobes of the last order linear, 2-5 mm long. 0.4—0.7 mm wide, acute; median and upper leaves sessile on elongated sheath, 4-8 cm long, 3—5cm wide; uppermost leaves smaller, with narrower and longer lobules. Umbels 3—9cm across, of 7-12 smooth rays, these spreading in flower, clustered in fruit; involucre 0 or of 1 oblong leaflet with scarious margin; involucels 5—7-leaved, leaflets with scarious margins or nearly scarious throughout, ovate or broadly ovate, soft-hairy, abruptly tapering into sub- ulate mucro, as long as umbels, appressed to rays at beginning of anthesis, becoming reflexed; petals white, the peripheral much elongated (to 4mm), deeply 2-lobed; fruit cylindrical, to 10mm long, ca. 1mm thick; stylopodium short-conical; styles erect, slightly longer than stylopodium, becoming divergent. May—June. Stony and herbaceous slopes and taluses, to 1,500m.— Caucasus: S.Transe. Gen. distr.: As. Min.,Iran. Described from Savalan Range in Iran, and from Cappadocia. Type in Geneva. Series 3. Bulbosa K.-Pol. l.c. (1923).— Peripheral petals not elongated or slightly elongated (to 2mm); leaflets of involucels glabrous, rarely with few obscure bristles. 18. C.bulbosum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 370; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 356: Schmal'g., B1.1,.423;5 K.-Pol. in Wl. AzgegRoss.41;, Kryl., le Gaps Sib. Vilia2d2oea Ch. rapaceum Alef. Landw. Flora (1866) 163.— Ch. neg Lect vam Zing. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. LVL, (1881) 312,— Ch. budisjiogum var. typicum Lindem. Fl. Cherson.I (1881) 263.— Ch. bulbosum 82 114 1105) ai nlovamalle Kuntze in’ Tré Bots sada, x\(lee7) 191 — sicandix bulbosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ.1 (1778) 123.— Myrrhis tuberosa Jundz. Opis. rosl. Litew. (1791) 118.— M. bulbosa Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. (1813) 29, nec All.— Polgidon bulbosum Raf. Good Book (1840) 53.— Selinum bulbosum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutchl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 62.— Ic.: Syreishch., Fl. Mosk. gub.II, 425; Rchb. ie, Jal, Germ. XXI, tab. 2017.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 1B, Perennial; stem erect, 30—180cm high, branching, hollow inside, ovoid or subglobular, with tuberiform thickening at base,.covered with long white retrorse bristles and bearing violet spots below, glabrous in upper part, often more or less inflated below nodes; leaves broadly triangular, the lower on long (10-20 cm) hairy petioles, tripinnate, with pinnatipartite terminal lobes; blades bright green, 15—-30cm long and nearly as wide, often covered below, mostly along nerves, with sparse long hairs; upper leaves subsessile, with long sheaths and narrow linear-oblong or linear leaflets, 2-10mm long, 1—2mm wide. Umbels 3—7cm across, of 8—15(20) irregular glabrous rays; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels usually one- sided, of 3—5 acuminate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, irregular leaflets, the scarious margin glabrous or furnished with sparse bristles; petals white, glabrous, very rarely hairy outside along midrib, rounded- obovate, 2-lobed nearly up to middle, tapering abruptly at base, the peripheral petals not elongated; fruit linear-oblong, 4-6mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide, with broad, nearly flat stylopodium, the divergent styles usually recurved below, as long as stylopodium. June—July. Shrubby formations, forest edges, fallow lands, cereal crops.— European part: Wad-—-llm.,; U- V., V.-Kama, U. Dnp., M. Dnp., L. V. (rarely), I.. Don (N.), Bl., Crim., Bes., U. Dns.; Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Uil River). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (N. Balkans, introduced into N.Am.). Described from Alsace, Hungary, Switzerland. Type in London. Economic importance. The roots of this species contain from 12 to 25% nitrogen-free extractable substances (including 19.81% starch and 1.8% sugar), 2.6—4.6% nitrogenous substances, 0.2—0.4% fat, 66% water and 1.5% ash. The roots are eaten boiled, or fried in butter, and are sometimes added to soups. 19. C.caucasicum (Fisch.) Schischk. comb. n.— Ch. bulbosum caucasicum Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. ed. 1 (1809) 45 nom. nud. — Ch. bulbosum var. caucasicum Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed. 1 (1814) 35. — Ch. bulbosum var. brachycarpum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada. XIV (1898) 272.— Ch. bulbosum Boiss. Fl. or. II, 904, quoad pl. cauc. pro max. parte; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 124, pro max. parte. Biennial; root tuberiform, thickened, ovoid or broadly ovoid; stem solitary, branching from middle, densely covered in lower half with spreading and retrorse stiff white bristles, glabrous in upper joeuer, DO ils 0 Cian high; lower leaves early withering, triangularly and broadly ovate, their petioles abruptly broadening into an amplexicaul glabrous sheath with scarious margin, "ls the length of the blades, these 15cm long and nearly as wide, thrice pinnatisect; primary and secondary lobes on bristly-hairy petiolules, with bristles beneath along midrib, lobes of the last order sessile or on very short periolules, ovate, incised into obtuse oblong-ovate 83 116 teeth; median cauline leaves sessile on broadened sheath, the upper with reduced sheaths and abortive blade, divided into linear lobes. Umbels 5— 6cm across, of 9-11 glabrous irregular rays; involucre 0; umbellets 1—1.5cm across, with irregular pedicels; involucels of 3—5 ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate leaflets with broadly scarious margins, sometimes purple, glabrous or with few cilia, becoming reflexed; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, the peripheral elongated to 2mm, broadly ovate, with rounded apex; fruit cylindrical, 4-5mm long, 1—1.5mm across; stylopodium short- conical; styles recurved below, slightly longer than stylopodium; ribs pale yellow-green; valleculae narrow, dark orange. May—June. Stony and herbaceous slopes, gardens, 900—1,600m.— Caucasus: Cisc., Dag e 2 pais (Novorossiisk vicinity) ands awlucansics Gene iGillsitsrcesmlegciae Described from the Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Used as food, like the preceding species. Chemical composition not studied. 20. C.bobrovii Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XV, 425. Perennial; tuber globose or oblong-globose, 1—1.5cm in diameter; stem solitary, ca. 40—60 cm high, erect, cylindrical, densely covered below with retrorse white 2mm long bristles, slightly branching; radical and lower cauline leaves early withering, their long petioles gradually passing into oblong-lanceolate sheath; median cauline leaves with tripinnate blades, on short petioles abruptly passing into dilated sheath; primary lobes petioluled, secondary lobes on short petiolules or subsessile, deeply pinnati- fid into ovate lobules 7-10mm long, 3-5mm wide; upper leaves ternate- compound, sessile on short dilated sheath, terminal lobes ovate or oblong, 0.5—1.5cm long, 2-5mm wide, obtuse. Terminal umbels unknown, lateral umbels of 5—7 glabrous irregular rays; involucre 0; umbellets 8—10- flowered, withering, often only 1—4 flowers in umbellet fertile; involucels of 5 straight lanceolate-linear glabrous leaflets with narrow scarious margins; petals white,ca. 1mm long; fruit oblong-cylindrical, dmm long, 1—1.5mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; styles longer than stylopodium, recurved, spreading; mericarps with 5 thick ribs and dark- colored valleculae. June. In Juglans regia forest, 1,760m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (SE of Kopet Dagh). Endemic. Described from Por-dere Gorge. Type in Leningrad. Note. A very distinct species, unfortunately represented by only a few specimens, with stems gnawed off. The recurved styles are reminiscent or C, lwllboosuma lb, amc C.,. CAUCASi Guim (Fisch.) Schischk., from which it differs sharply by the wide leaf lobes and few fertile flowers per umbel. From C.meyeri it is clearly distinguished by the recurved Styles. 2 Cer OEE SC OL bias) Gru tao Glirgep NVI (1830) 225; Fisch., Mey et Lall. in Ind. sem. Hort. Petrop.1X (1843) 66; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 350; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 424) Ki. Poll. ins Az. aRoss.. 5V 4034 Grosse. iy Wave ea ekeiayglee Ei. Zap. Sib. VIM; 2028,— Ch. bulbosum LEdb. Fl. allt, 360; non > Che rapac eum preset ty Alief. land. eal. (1866) Gdu— © lam bulbosum var. prescottii Lindem. Fl. Cherson.I (1881) 263.— 84 117 Ch. bulbosum var. hirsutissimum Kuntze in Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 191.— Anthriscus prescottii Veesenm. in Beitr. zur Pflanzk. d. Russ. Reich. IX (1854) 84.— Ic.: Fl. Yugo-Vost. Evrop. ch. SSSR, V, Fig.509.— Exs.: G.R.F. No.215; Fellman, Pl. arct. exs. No. WIS) Biennial with tuberous root, recalling carrots in taste; stem 50— 180cm high, furrowed, red-speckled, more brightly so in lower part, covered with white recurved bristly hairs below, with sparse hairs or glabrous above; lower leaves tripinnate, triangular, their long petioles covered with soft or setiform hairs; blades 10—25cm long and as wide, tripinnate; primary, secondary and some tertiary lobes petioluled; tertiary lobes deeply pinnatisect into lanceolate lobules; upper leaves smaller, less compound-dissected, sessile on dilated sheaths with linear or subfiliform lobules. Umbels 3—8cm across, of 12—20 glabrous rays; involucre 0; involucels of 5-10 glabrous lanceolate or ovate leaflets tapering into mucro; petals white, all regular or the peripheral slightly enlarged; fruit linear- oblong, 6—-9mm long, 1—1.5mm thick; stylopodium conical; styles straight, slightly divergent. Fl. June—July, Fr. August. Shrubs, herbaceous slopes, forest edges, as a weed at edges of fields, among winter and spring crops, along railroad beds.— Arctic: Arc. EUs European part: Kar.-Lap., Dv.-Pech., Lad.-Ilm. (rare), V.-Kama, We Was V.-Don, M. Dnp., Bl., L. Don, Transv., L. V.; Caucasus: Cisc. (very rare); W. Siberia: Ob, U.Tob.,Irt., Alt.; E.Siberia: Ang.-Say. (Minusinsk District); Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh. Gen. distr.: Mong., Dzu.-Kash. Described from Altai. Type in Geneva. Economic importance. The roots of this species contain up to I 340 starch. The young stems and roots are eaten raw, after removal of the skin; leaves and young stems are added to cabbage soup and salads. C.prescottii is a common weed of spring and winter crops, especially rye and millet. Its seeds are scattered with those of the crop, from which they are not readily separated, as the mericarps of Chaer ophyllum are similar in length to the seeds of some crops (Cx genaye) pam arce full cleaning of seeds and regular weeding out will provide effective control. Undescribed species. Chaerophyllum biebersteinii Lag. ex Sweet (Hort. Brit. ed.1 (1822) 190) is known only by name. Genus 948. KRASNOVIA * M. Pop. M. Pop. in Addenda XV, 591 Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, the peri- pheral slightly elongate, notched lobule in notch curved inward; fruit ovoid- oblong, abruptly tapering, shiny, mericarps obtusely pentagonal in cross section, with 5 protruding main ribs (crenulate in young fruits), valleculae broad with 1 canal, black on the outside, shiny, slightly tuberculate; stylopodium flat-conical; styles recurved below, 3 times as long as stylo- podium. Perennial herbs, with tubers buried in ground, stem slightly stiff-hairy; leaves 2—3 times pinnatisect. * Named in honor of the noted botanist and geographer, Prof. A.N.Krasnov (1862-1914). 85 118 i aL’) Monotypic genus, Tarbagatai Range, Dzungarian Ala-Tau, Tien Shan and adjacent mountains in Sinkiang. 1. K.longiloba (Kar. et Kir.) M. Pop., Fl. Almaat. Zapov. (1940) 34, nom.— sphallerocarpus lTonmeilobus Kars eb Ki. do Bulle sme eee Mose. XIV (1841) 432. — Chaerop hy) lum “spinal ei o1cra) iia eaneee ree et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XV (1842) 307; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 350. — Ch. longilobum B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedchenko, Perech. rast. Turkest. III (1909) 20.—- Conopodium Fore 1 Vo bulma Ke SP olleraa sera Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 206. Perennial; tuber globular, 1.5cm across, usually buried; stem solitary, 50—70cm high, branching or simple above, angularly ribbed, covered with rather long, soft, retrorse, straight hairs, rarely subglabrous; radical and lower cauline leaves early withering, rather long-petioled, gradually dilated to sheath, blades triangular, nearly tripinnatisect, 7-8 cm long, 4.5cm wide; terminal lobes linear-oblong, 3-—6mm long, 0.5—1.6mm wide, acute; cauline leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 3—4cm across, of 5-8 smooth, irregular rays; involucre 0 or of 1—2 caducous leaflets; umbellets many-flowered, ca. 1cmincross section; involucel of 5 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, subentire, scarious leaflets with glabrous margin, erect, becoming reflexed; petals white, obovate, notched, lobule in notch curved inwards, marginal petals slightly elongated,to 1.5mm; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3—4mm long, ca. 1.5mm across, tapering black, shiny, irregularly tuber- culate, with protruding ribs; stylopodium flat-conical; styles recurved below, 3 times as long as stylopodium. May—June. (Plate XV, Figure 1.) furty rocks and herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzul- Vago ese Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from Tarbagatai Range (Dzhanbyk River). Type in Leningrad. Genus 949. SPHALLEROCARPUS * Bess. Bess. ex DC. Mém. Ombellif. (1829) 60; DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 230 Calyx teeth conspicuous, subulate; petals white, obovate-cuneate, notched with inward curved lobule, peripheral petals of umbellet elongated; fruit elliptic-oblong, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium short-urceolate, dentate; styles short, recurved below; mericarps with 5 protruding flexuose ribs; valleculae with 2—3 canals, 4-6 canals at commissure; carpophore 2-partite, albumen at commissure notched. Biennial plants, with twice- thrice pinnate leaves. Monotypic genus, E. Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia and China. 1. S.gracilis (Bess.) K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 202; Litv. in Spiske rast. gerb. Russk. fl. VIII (1922) 124.— S.cyminum Bess. in DC. Mém. Ombell. (1829) GO DCs cocci (1830) 230; Ldb. Fl. ross.II, 354; Turez. Fl. baic.-dah.1, 511; Kom., Fl. Menvehizhw iii) Lats @ihaienso p hy 11 taal vey manna ePaisehe ita Gaal seine * From the Greek sphalleros — deceptive, carpon — fruit. 86 120 Horti Vratisl. a. 1821 (nom. nud.).— Chaer ophyllum gracile Bess. ex Trevir. in Acta Acad. Carol. Nat. curios. XIII, 1 (1826) 172.— Myrrhis gracilis Spreng. Syst. veg. IV, 2 (1827) 120.— Cono- podium cyminum Benth. et Hook. Gen. pl.I (1867) 896.—1Ic.: DC. in Mém. Ombell. (1829), pl. Il, f.N.— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2648. Biennial; root vertical, thin; stem 50—120cm high, branching, cylindrical, finely ribbed, covered with spreading stiff hairs below, glabrous or sub- glabrous above; radical leaves early withering; cauline leaves densely covered with short spreading hairs, especially along nerves, with ciliate margin, the petioles "a the length of the blade, sheath broadly triangular, main petiole densely pubescent beneath, sparsely pubescent above; leaves in general broadly ovate, 3 or nearly 4 times pinnatisect; segments of the second order ovate-lanceolate, short-petioled, of the third order ovate, the lower dissected into linear-lanceolate acute lobes, sometimes with scattered stiff hairs along nerves. Umbels terminating stem and branches of 8—10 irregular glabrous rays; general involucre 0 or of 1—3 caducous, ovate leaflets with ciliate margin; umbellets of 15-25 rays; involucels of 5 reflexed broadly scarious leaflets with long-soft ciliate margin; petals white, 1.5mm long, deeply notched; fruit ovoid, 5-6mm long,ca. 3mm wide, with 5 rather thick, protruding, flexuose ribs. Fl. July, Fr. August. (Plate XV, Figure 2.) Kitchen gardens, around dwellings, roadsides, ravines, fences, crops and weedy places.— E. Siberia: Ang.-Say. (up to Krasnoyarsk in the west), Dau., Lena-Kol. (Yakutsk, Amga near Yakutsk); Par Hast: Ze.-Bu., Uss, Okh., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Mongolia, Jap.-Ch. Described from a plant grown in the Bratislava Botanical Garden from seeds obtained from Besser, but locality of seeds not indicated. Type in Geneva. Genus 950. GRAMMOSCIADIUM * DC. DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 62 Calyx-teeth subulate, hardening in fruit; petals white; fruit narrowly cylindrical, on thickened pedicels; mericarps with regular 5 protruding ribs; valleculae narrow, with 1 canal; albumen nearly flat. Perennial herbs, with twice pinnatisect leaves with thinly subulate terminal lobules and pinnatisect involucre. Six species in the southern Transcaucasia, Turkish Armenia and Iran. 1. G.daucoides DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 62; DC. Prodr.IV, 233; Ldb. Hip SOss. esas Sboiss. El O71. Il 899s eGrossp., Fle kway iil toy — Clas ZO Vents ae Boss. lil Annes SC. snatemser. Lil. (1844) 67.— G.aucheri Grosse.,ibid Illy i28;non Boiss.— Prionitis daucoides K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 140.-— Falcaria daucoides K.-Pol. l.c. (1915).— Ic.: DC. Mém. V (1829) tab. 2,f.K.; Koz.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. zhurn.1—2 (1915) tabl. on p. 16, fig. 1—5 (fruit). * From the Greek gramma — stripe, line, scias — umbrella, presumably referring to the linear-subulate lobes of the involucre. 87 PLATE VII. 1 — Grammosciadium daucoides DC; 2— Caropodium armenum (Bordz.) Schischk. 88 Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical or ascending, 0.4—-0.8cm thick, root collar covered with dead leaves; stem erect, 30—50cm high, cylindrical, thiny ribbed, branching from middle or sometimes nearly from base; radical leaves with petioles nearly as long or longer than blade passing into oblong sheath, with petioles 8—15cm long, 1—2cm wide, oblong- linear, twice pinnatisect, the terminal lobes thinly subulate, mucronate, 3—7mm long; upper cauline leaves sessile, their lobes often longer, to 10-—15cm. Umbels 2.5—5cm across, in fruit to 10 cm, of 5—9 smooth rays; involucre multifoliate, of pinnatisect leaflets with subulate lobes; umbellets ca. 1cm across, with glabrous rays; involucels of 5—7 pinnate, ternate or entire leaflets, shorter than pedicels, reflexed; calyx-teeth subulate, ca. 0.5mm long, persistent; petals white,to 1.5mm long; fruit cylindrical, 9-10mm long,ca. 1.5mm across, with regular protruding ribs; pedicels thickened in fruit, fe" the length of the fruit. June. (Plate VIII, Figure 1, Plate XV, Figure 3.) Southern slopes.— Caucasus: S. (?) and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: Arm.- Kurd. Described from Tournefort's collections from Armenia. Type in Geneva. Genus 951. CAROPODIUM* Stapf et Wettst. Stapf et Wettst. Die botan. Ergebnisse d. Polak'schen Expedition nach Persien II (1886) 49.— Steno- diptera K.-Pol. in Trud. Bot. sada Yur'evsk. Univ. XV,1 (1914) 21; Russkii Bot. zhurnal, Nos.1—2 (1915) 12 Calyx-teeth conspicuous; petals white, obovate-cordate, with inward curved tip. Fruit oblong-linear, with filiform dorsal and winged lateral ribs; stylopodium short-conical, with crenate bordered margin; carpo- phore 2-fid; wings of mericarps tightly contiguous; canals solitary under valleculae, 2 at commissure; fascicles of sclerenchymatous fibers along dorsal ribs and outside of vittas (under valleculae); endosperm slightly concave. Perennial glabrous herbs, with linear-setiform leaf lobes. Five species, in Transcaucasia, Near Asia and Iran. lo liseute QallOcoarem Wore awalayersi Gey Waaaram AICI Sols 56 Geolehe Sto oS OPS Se 53 ark la Dhaai tna rat « IRE eg aN a 1. C.armenum (Bordz.) Schischk. ats NO WH sicavan oa, Vials) Czas WoaiamadnClen a O56 Go 6 bo 5 ols 6 6G RR ee eke ee te chee 2. C.platycarpum Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk. 1. C.armenum (Bordz.) Schischk. in Botan. Mater. gerb. Glavn. Bot. sada, IV (1923) 30; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 128.— Stenodiptera armena Bordz. in Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestv. XXV, 1 (1915) 96.— S.haussknechtii K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. zhurn. 1—2 (1915) 13; Vestn. Russkoi flory, II, 2 (1916) 97,non Grammosciadium haussknechtii Boiss — Gaaanm mols Cia) di uli arene nual SRPordzZa lc. eIc..8 Bondzilov- Sis TOP an Climo Onl On Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root collar covered with remnants of leaves; stem 30—40cm tall, erect, thinly ribbed, branching above, leaves * From the Greek karon — caraway, pous (genitive — podos) — foot. 89 124 125 linear-oblong, 5—6cm long, 1—1.2cm wide, sessile on sheaths, nearly thrice pinnatisect, lobes of the first order broadly ovate or rounded, lobules of the last order linear-setiform, with whitish mucro; upper leaves smaller and less compound. Umbels 4—6cm across, of 7-12 smooth irregular rays; involucre of 3—5 entire pinnatisect or 3-partite leaflets with linear-sub- ulate lobes; leaflets of involucels 2—3-partite or entire, setiform; calyx- teeth very conspicuous, elongating after flowering; petals white, obcordate, with inward curved tip, peripheral petals elongated to 4mm, 2-lobed; fruiting pedicels thickened; fruit oblong-linear, 9-10mm long, 2.5—3.5mm across, with obtuse subfiliform dorsal and broadly winged lateral ribs, wings 0.75—-1.25mm wide; stylopodium short-conical. June—July. (Plate VIII, Figure 2.) Dry slopes.— Caucasus: S.Transc. Endemic. Described from Saganluk« Range. Type in Kiev (?). | 2. C.platycarpum (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, 1V (1923) 30; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III (1932) 129.—- Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. et Hausskn. in Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 901.— Carpodium meoides Stapf et Wettst. Die botan. Ergebn. d. Polak'schen Exped. nach Persien, II (1886) 49.— Steno- diptera platycarpa K.-Pol. in Russk. Bot. zhurn. 1, 2 (1915) 13.— lew: oz. Folk, lve. tabla onwp UGrucere. Perennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical,ca. 5mm thick; stem solitary, 10—40cm high, branching nearly from base, glabrous, angular- ribbed, lateral branches as long as or overtopping central umbel; radical leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5-15cm long, 1—2.5 cm wide, thrice pinnatisect, primary lobes sessile, the lower far apart, the upper approached, terminal lobules subulate, 3—7mm long,ca. 0.2mm thick. Umbels 5—5.8cm across, of 8—14 unequal smooth ribbed rays; involucre of 5 pinnatisect leaflets with subulate lobules, becoming reflexed; umbellets 12—22-flowered, ca. 1.5mm across; involucels of 3—5 spreading or reflexed subulate, partly 3-partite leaflets; calyx-teeth triangular, half the length of the stylopodium; | marginal petals hardly elongated, ca. 1.5-2mm long, with wide notch; fruit linear-oblong, 1.5—2cm long, 2mm wide, strongly compressed; lateral ribs narrowly winged; stylopodium cylindrical, ca. 1mm long, gradually passing into 1.5mm long thick conical style; stigma capitate. Fl. June, Fr. August. Herbaceous slopes, thinned-out dry forests, 2,600m.— Caucasus: S.Transe. Gen. distr.: Cataonia,Iran. Described from Cataonia and Iran. Type in Geneva. Economic importance. At the Biochemical Laboratory of the Botanical Institute of the former Azerbaidzhan branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, C. platycarpum was found to contain large amounts of essential oil(to 80% linalool). The yield of essential oil (1.5—2.5%) and linalool of Caropodium is superior to that of Coriandrum savitum L. (I. Yu. Gadzhiev, Izv. Azerbaidzh. fil. AN SSSR, 8 (1944) 18-19). Its widespread cultivation is recommended for the Azerbaidzhan SSR. Note. This species should perhaps be called Caropodium meoides Stapf et Wettst. rather than C. platycarpum (Boiss. et Hausskn.) Schischk., as its first discovery by Boissier is based on the plant from Cataonia (Berit-Dagi). The Iranian (and Transcaucasian) 90 plants are not really identical with those from Cataonia. However, owing to the lack of material at the Herbarium of the V. L.Komarov Botanical Institute, this question cannot be satisfactorily settled and we therefore retain Boissier's name. Genus 952. ANTHRISCUS* (Pers.) Hoffm. Hoffm. Umbell. I (1814) 38; Pers. Syn.I (1805) 320, p.p. non Bernh. (1800).- Chaerefolium ** Hall. Hist. stirp. ind. Helv. (1768) 327.— Cerefolium Hall. l.c. (1768) 328; Bess. Prim. Fl. Galic. I (1803) 218 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, yellowish-or greenish-white, the peripheral sometimes slightly elongated, obovate, the terminal notch with short inward curved ligule, cuneately tapering at base or abruptly passing into short broad claw; stylopodium conical; styles erect or recurved below. Fruit ovoid at base, short- or long-oblong, sometimes sublinear, laterally compressed; mericarps cylindrical, tapering into more or less long beak, ribs inconspicuous or faintly conspicuous, flattish, smooth, sometimes shiny, often covered with variously arranged prickles and bristles; stereomes in ribs cylindrical or elliptic in cross section; canals 1 in valleculae, 2 at commissure, nearly obsolete in ripe fruits. Albumen with shallow furrow; crystals numerous in region of commissure; carpophore free, split; base of fruit and ovary with distinct or obscure crown of prickles, or sometimes prickles absent. Perennial, biennial or annual herbs, glabrous or variously pubescent, with compoundly dissected leaves. To 20 species in Europe and temperate Asia. Some European species have been introduced into N. America. Pe eerennials arely bicnanvalls wath thick srOOt.\ sjsu macs l= ls lyse +) = 4 Bo oF Annuals with thin, sometimes subfiliform root (section Cerefolium (Riehb) Schiischk.). pc) <.-.4 S Aeassarh So eeuake WNrRtd ural Sikicli soca CNA See gata gs 10. 2. Fruit 4-—5mm long, low plant, 15—40cm high, growing on taluses and oOclasmnethewalpimerstelt(@alleasus) mi aeus aie eileucuey oo ieMemcemale seule 36 a0 Neu, DB Il waoiea erage jollevane SOU B0) Gi lane sobs 5o650 ce Go 5558 4. 3. Petals pink or nearly white, the peripheral distinctly elongated (to 2.9 mm); terminal lobules: of leaves 8—25mm long ......7.. =... i. BE ar ETEE Wd PT. aude rere ERT ben va Rel sutesiep meee ls) vaiatelmabney 6 See 7. A.ruprechtii Boiss. + Petals white, the marginal hardly elongated (to 1.5mm); terminal llobuleshoh lieavies 3 — Onan lOmmoue vmetc haute on 8. A.sosnovskyi Schischk. 4, Fruit beak very short,indistinct; leaves biternate, the terminal lo- SUlSS Ieiieae. Walle, louclevatesheS innencretia ~ G4 5 oa Sooo boo ae ood oO Rs i a ek cia ie pa 9. A.schmalhausenii (Alb.) K.-Pol * From the Greek enthriscos — Theophrastus’ name (possibly referring to Scandiz australis L.) presumably derived from anthos — flower, rhyskos — fence, since the plant often occurs around fences. ** We reject the usage of many works where Chaerefolium Hall. is given priority (1758). Hallier's book (l.c., p.327) gives only Chaerefolium referring to the two genera Chaerophyllum and Cerefolium. Yet the list of genera at the end of the second volume Chaerefolium is missing. It appears that Cerefolium has been printed in the text by mistake. According to the international tules Anthriscus has been adopted as a “nomen conservandum." 91 127 aF Fruit beak distinct, 0.5-l1mm; leaves tripinnate or ternately [OMAK 6 <5 5 aNo Sgt dl & Ome Ole eel aes fe’ ‘etal Rethes fie) sep 10, Kom cap eRe ahha: Sacre of 5. Plant especially leaves almost entirely covered with thinly grayish pubescence; high-mountain plants (Caucasus and Central Asia wey Ga tr Stems usually with coarse or fine hairs confined to lower part; | leaves with coarse hairs mainly along petioles and petiolules, and | along nerves on lower side of leaves; rarely almost entire plant BIBVSICOWIS Go 6 19 cholo 6 Guouacsioy Hc: (Gx oOo LS a: 68 Boo boo Pee eer 6. Hruit 6—7.omim, beak O.5—1 mm long (Caucasus)! 0 4 sane | er ca ee cher aries cet ee ee ee ee ee es 4. A. velutina Somm. et Leva + Fruit 8-9mm, beak 0.5mm long (Central Asia) ...... Paar des | Fine (ORE REC BOMBA SEAR ARO tet Cree, OM Me ncaiAn Bat -c 5. A.glacialis Lipsky’ Uo Lower leaves ternately pinnate, lobes of the first order nearly as long as remaining part of blade, lobules of the last order ovate or oblong; crown of hairs at base of fruit absent or reduced to solitary at S112) igeaeids ornare Saeciecal Nie eae asin oe 6. A.nitida (Wahl) Garcke. ate Lower leaves tripinnate, lower lobes of the first order much shorter than the rest of the blade; crown of hairs mostly present....... 8. 8. Crown of bristles under fruit weakly developed (European part of (Bla Sigs UES)S'18' mi Mer a ie Ae BS tab agc eae llr ie ait 2. A.silvestris (L.) Hoffm. ots Crown of hairs well developed; fruit commonly with distinct tubercles, often with bristles; narely ola roush 1.1) Chi trichospermum Schult) Oesterr, Fl: eds2;1 (1814) 504, nec Lam. (1783).— Ch. cerefolium b. trichospermum Ashcers. Fl. Brand. (1864) 534.- Cerefolium trichospermum 99 138 139 Bess. Enum. Volhyn. et Podol. (1822) 44.—- Scandix trichosperma Schur, Enum. pl. Transsilv. (1866) 963,non L.— Chaerofolium cere- folium @atrichospermum Schinz et Thell. Fl. Schweiz. 3 Aufl. II (1914) 259,— Bxs.. GR. mH. No. 971 (sub A. trichosper ma). Hieupolon: exs. No.41 (sub Ceref. silv.). Annual; root thin; stem erect or ascending from base, 20—80cm high, branching from base or above, with few oblique branches, glabrous, rarely with spreading soft hairs at nodes, more or less inflated under nodes; leaves triangular-ovate, tripinnatisect, the long petioles of the lower leaves passing to linear-oblong scarious sheaths with soft villous margins; primary and secondary lobes petioluled, those of the last order pinnatifid into ovate acute lobules; petioles, petiolules and leaves with sparse spreading hairs beneath, upper leaves smaller, sessile, the oblong sheath covered with cilia. Umbels of 2—4 glabrous or short-haired rays, the lateral on short peduncles or subsessile; involucre 0; involucels one- sided, of 1—4 linear-lanceolate acute leaflets with scarious ciliate margins; petals white, ca. 1mm long, oblong-obovate, notched with inward recurved tip; umbelet rays thickened in fruit, shorter than fruit, without crown of bristles; fruit linear-oblong, 8-10mm long, ca. 1.5 mm across, when ripe black, with tubercles and bristles, tapering to beak “/3 to “hy the length of the fruit proper. April—July. (Plate IX, Figure 4.) In groves, shrubs, weedy places, gardens, roadsides, lower gorges of mountain streams.— European part: Bl., L. Don, L. V., Crim.; Caucasus: Cises, Dag., E., W. and S/iranscs; "Centr Asia: Karak.) Min: Turkm. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Italy. Type in Bologna. 12. A.scandicina (Web.) Mansf. in Fedde, Report. XLVI (1939) 309. — A.vulgaris Pers. Syn.I (1805) 320,nec Bernh. (1800); DC. Prodr.IV, 224: Ldb. Fl. Ross-1l, 3493" Shmal'e., Fl-1; 421; Grosse.) Pil Kavi Tie 130.— A. caucalis M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 230.— A. scandix Aschers. Fl. Brand. I (1860) 260,non M.B. (1808).— A. chaerophyllea Druce in Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (1906) 221.— A. anthriscus Karst. Deutschl. Fl. (1882) 857.— Scandix anthriscus L. Sp. pl. (1753) Nay > Ss) oq lho Cley Eales Ile lbhlaybieyals il (1782) 27.— S.laeta Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 167.— Caucalis royeni Crantz, Cle Umb.imiende (1767) 109,non L.— C. scandix Scop. Fl. carn. ed.2 (1772) 191.— C. aequi- colorum All. Fl. Pedem. II (1772) 33.— C.scandicina Web. in Prim. El, Hols. (1780) 23.—> Torilis anthriscus Gaertn. Mruct. (lies ocr non Gmel. (1805).— T.lanuginosa Clairv. Man. Herb. (1811) 78.— Chaerophyllum anthriscus Crantz, Class. Umbell. (1767) 76.— Meyareucihi sie heave op iy Wel aaa aE. France, (1778) 442.- M. anthris- cus Lag. Amen. Nat. (1821) 98.- Myrrhodes anthriscus Kuntze, Rev. gen. (1891) 268.—- Cerefolium anthriscus G. Beck in Annal. Natur. Hofmus. Wien, X (1895) 210.- C. vulgare Bub. Fl. Pyr.II (1900) 41, = C hiake opi o lau jan the 1 sc us pochinz epe@hells jin Where Nee Ges. Zurich, LIII (1909) 554 et in Hegi, III. Fl. V, 2 (1926) 1030.— Ic.: Rchb. les Hls Germs xiatalonc O02 OR acs Ge Ey Ee NOp IN GOk Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem ascending or erect 15—80cm high, glabrous, delicately furrowed; leaves triangular-ovate, the long petioles 60115 1 100 passing into linear-oblong sheath with scarious villous-ciliate, rarely glabrous margins; blades tripinnatisect, covered beneath with rather long spreading stiff hairs (as is rhachis); primary lobes ovate, more or less long-petioluled; lobes of the last order ovate or oblong. Umbels short- pedunculate, of 2-5 smooth rays; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels 2—5, shifted to one side, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with narrow scarious ciliate margin; petals greenish-white, notched, with very short inward curved tip; pedicels thickened in fruit, with terminal corona of white bristles; fruit narrowly ovoid, 4-5mm long,ca. 1.5mm wide, abruptly tapering to beak oh the length of the fruit; fruit covered with bristles; with hamate apex, sessile on tubercles; stylopodium and styles very short. May—June. (Plate IX, Figure 5.) Stony, sometimes shrubby slopes, often weeds of roadsides, dwellings, etc.— European part: Crim., Bl.,U. Dns. (report for Bes. not confirmed); CawcasucH Gisics wen and Hekcansess Gens distr... » Centres and Ate Hitless Med., Bal.-As. Min., introduced in N. Am. and New Zealand. Described from W.Germany. Type unknown. Genus 953. SCANDIX* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 256.— Pecten Lam. FI. Fr.III (1778) 437.— Pectinaria Bermh. Syst. Verz. Erf. (1800) non Haw.— Wylia Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 3, p.p. Flowers nearly always bisexual, partly staminate; calyx-teeth incon- Spicuous; petals white, the peripheral often elongate, oblong-cbovate, slightly notched, with inward curved lobule; stylopodium short-conical; styles erect, nearly as long or 3—4 times as long as stylopodium; fruit oblong-linear, with long beak, seed-bearing part laterally compressed, beak more or less compressed dorsally, 15 to 4 times as long as the seed- bearing part; mericarps subcircular in cross section with 5 primary thin ribs: between ribs rugulose, usually becoming bristly towards 140 tip; ribs withbundles of stereomes; canals inconspicuous in ripe fruit; beak faintly or strongly set-off from seed-bearing part, with bristles along all ribs or only along the margin; carpophore deeply 2-partite; albumen subrounded to horseshoe-shaped in cross section, dorsally inflated, ventrally deeply incised with inturned margins. Annuals, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves. Fifteen to 20 species in the Mediterranean floral region. 1. Beak very slightly compressed laterally, not sharply set-off from SSSCCHlOSeicinS josuce, Ul ies COweiwrecl wida lomigules oe 6 sic ob 46 obs 2h a Beak markedly compressed, sharply set-off from seed-bearing part OW WPT, lOIPiSvlSs “CoOmAiASGl GO masuAgaAell iellos S55 bbs 5 6 8 Bo a 6 bole 4, 2. Style 3—4 times as long as the stylopodium, 0.7-1mm long; leaflets of involucels elliptic, obtuse with broad scarious margins; peripheral DSralls DistiElIhy ClOMmszieeC) WO Hie) Ge on 6 sas so 600 4, S.falcata Lond. + Style as long as or shorter than stylopodium, not exceeding 0.2mm; leaflets of involucels pinnate or entire, narrowly linear, acute, almost not scarious; peripheral petals slightly elongated, ca. 1.5mm long...3. * From the Greek xandix — comb, referring to the appearance of the ripe umbel of Scandix pecten Veneris L. 101 141 ioe) Keatlets of injvolucelis pimnatisect |) -a-lnueta steele 5. S. stellata Soland. Leaflets of involucels entire, narrowly linear .... 6. S.aucheri Boiss. 4. Terminal umbels of (5)6—9 rays; leaflets of involucels with white scarious long-ciliate margins; peripheral petals to 5-8 mm long = is cutetehcomtelts tee: tfepiliokid © ae) eae t cae heyiapieh « 14h eine centuseneper ihe tat 9 acl abelian e abel delea ua cobeamiaapts A 8. T.leptophylla (L.) Rchb. 6. Umbels usually of 2— 3(4) rays; peripheral petals not expanded, ca. 1mm long; style slightly longer than stylopodium; spines of fruit SMOSH EVCISHILENS 9G BUENOS F695) 6 SS MaMa alice o 5. T.heterophylla Guss. a Umbels of 4-12 rays; peripheral petals usually expanded, exceeding lmm; style 2—6 times as long as stylopodium; spines of fruit curved WONVAUEC! ROU aN Stone SES NONE Id eer hous ii oeO merous nem iarcttic, Solitons Marche!” Aieege te 7. Fruit linear, ca. 1mm wide; prickles on secondary ribs 3 times as long as the diameter of the mericarps... 6. T.tenella (Del.) Rchb. fil. ate Fruit ovoid, 1.5—-2.5mm wide; prickles on secondary ribs equal to CHAMASEOIO CMAN STAN CLICID: SRS MeNS Mallet: cAaRENSNOM ONS clid 0G cho fol oso void oe 8. Peripheral petals expanded, exceeding 2mm; style 3—6 times as long ISH SAO OO HbNaAN ONS GNANS SSNS Goya cae es ar auntie ee 4. T.radiata Moench. * “Adanson presumably made up this name without any particular meaning, though it may be related to Tordylium. 111 155 at Peripheral petals expanded, not exceeding 1.5mm; style not more than 2—4 times as long as stylopodium ....... 3. T.arvensis (Huds.) Link. Subgenus 1. Eu- Torilis (DC.) Drude in E.-P. Pflanzenfam. Tie (1898) 156.— Sect. Eu-torilis DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 218.— Main ribs hardly protruding, with rows of thin white antrorse bristles, not sharply set off from valleculae, secondary ribs above valleculae well developed, broad, slightly protruding, with irregularly arranged spines or tubercles; ignoring the spines, when viewed laterally the fruit appears ovoid, 4-5mm long; canals distinctly visible in cross section, transversely elliptic, carpophore splitting to ‘/3 or to middle. Section 1. ANTHRISCARIA Thellung in Hegi, III. Fl. Mitteleur. Were (1926) 1051. — Leaflets of involucre 4—6, appressed to rays; under strong magnification spines of fruit appear scabrous, with remote acute teeth, curved above, and tapering to straight or slightly bent acute smooth tip; styles glabrous; furrow at commissure oblong; canals close to surface and distinctly visible; stylopodium thin, subfiliform; albumen with shallow furrow, crescent-shaped in cross section, with margin perpendicular to surface of commissure. 1, T. japonica (Houtt.) DC. Prodr.Iv (1830) 20h rye Moench, Meth. (1794) 103.— T. stricta Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. (1793) 25, amth rigens Cmel. Higa der (1805) 168, non Gaertn. (1788), neceBernh. (1800): db. Hl. Ross. ll, 234, (Soieat ni: Or. ll, LO8T "@rrocsoes Fl. Kavk. III, 133.— T.elata Spreng. Syst.IV. Cur. post. (ig27 sree Wo SGeylo mew DIC 5) teovles I, (ISO) PIO = ap persica Boiss. et Buhse in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XII @sco)02s=nm praetermissa Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér.5, V (SiG) 214. ar" omnis a Dulac, Fl. des Haut.- Jedi (GUS) SCE at Peraeln eigieule aeue. japonica De Boisseau in Bull ROche Bot, wc toll (1906) Rais ae anathee detente subsp. eu- Anthriscus Thell. in lalerenls Wukuisre. IL. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1053. — ion diya aiuiran mast lie istenne ve. Sper ples 57 53) 24a ne asperum Gilib. Fl. Lithuan.II (1782) 11.- T. verecundum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 160, — Caucalis japonica Houtt. Nat. Hist. XXVI (TTD) 42,= C6. ant iueisienmis Huds. Fl. Angl. (1762) eis) simoareulles.” HPL. IL, Zale), = Gy, Asjyeica Iban, il, Iie. III (1778) 424, nom. illeg.— Chaerophyllum scabrum Thunb. JEL aloe (1784) WS (Cilolay Maisie ties. Iamnaloys cess Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg. Bat. III (1867) 64.- Daucus anthriscus Baill. Hist. pl. VII (1880) 88.— Deluna tordlds) He Hoduelkerauae in Sturm, Deutsch. Bl. d= 2 enn (1904) 155.—Ie.: Syreishchikov, Ill. Fl. Mosk. Gub. i 42:2). Sisco an Cees No. 8185" Fl. polon. exs: No. 826 (sub T. rubella Moench). Annual or biennial; root fusiform, mostly Simple; stems 40—-100cm high, branching nearly from base, thinly ribbed, scabrous from short appressed retrorse hairs, leaves oblong-ovate, bi- or tripinnatisect, covered with appressed antrorse bristly hairs; lobes of the last order ovate-oblong, pinnatifid at base, dentate above, with ovate or oblong, obtuse, dentate lobules; uppermost leaves less dissected, often only trifid. Umbels 112 156 HD 2—4cm across, on long peduncles, of 5-12 rays densely covered with apres- sed bristles; involucre of 5 linear-subulate appressed-bristly leaflets; leaflets of involucels numerous, subulate, bristly-hairy, nearly as long as umbels. Flowers partly bisexual, partly staminate; petals white or pink- violet, outside greenish, and covered with appressed hairs, broadly obovate, with deep narrow notch and incurved tip; fruit ovoid, 2—3 mm long; prickles on secondary ribs long, as long as mericarp is wide, scabrous from remote acute teeth visible only under high magnification; styles longer than stylopodium, smooth, glabrous, erect in flower, later recurved. June—July. Groves, shrubby formations, pine forests, thinned-out spruce forests, aspen forests, felled forest areas, roadsides. — European part: Lad.-Ilm., Whe, Ve-Kama, Balt’ US Dapi el. Dnp-, V.- Don, We Dice Slee 1S leps @rreataales We Won wacans vs. Caucasus: iCisc., WE. and S. Transc.; Far East: Uss. Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur.,W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., introduced in N. Am., S. Asia and Jap.-Ch. Described from Japan. Type in Paris. Note. Careful study of numerous specimens of T. japonica (Houtt.) DC. from Japan and China, in the Herbarium of the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, did not reveal any Ghlii= ferences between this species and T.anthriscus (L.) Gmel., yet this name is invalid as Gaertner had earlier used it for another plant, Aoiderckistctlssoy Ul pales gl. japonica (Houtt.) DC. has priority and we are therefore substituting it for the accepted T. anthriscus (L.)Gmel. Economic importance. An occasional weed along borders of fields. 2. T.ucrainica Spreng. in Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 485.— T. micro- carpa Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (USA) E35 1S eau ey Cre QS IDE! (erron.) CUBIC nodenmo: Botln(to24)2428— al ramidhne tsiculsssubspaa) ucrainica Thell. in Hegi, lllustr. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 105; = Gaie alist marc rioca rpal schimalhns fit t (1895) 419; E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 156,nec Hook. et Arn.— Daucus microcarpus E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 156.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI, tab. 2051. Annual; root fusiform; stem erect, branching from base, 30—120cm high, thinly sulcate, scabrous from short retrorse appressed hairs; leaves oblong-ovate, bi- or tripinnate, scabrous from short antrorse hairs; lobes of last order linear or linear-lanceolate, gradually tapering at both ends, thin-acuminate, usually entire; uppermost leaves smaller, not as dissected. Umbels of 10-15 rays densely beset with appressed antrorse bristles; involucre mostly of 5 linear-subulate membranous leaflets, with short bristles along margins; involucels of numerous subulate bristly-hairy leaflets, as long as rays; petals white, the peripheral to 2mm long, broadly obovate, with narrow deep notch and incurved tip; fruit ovoid, 2mm long, their prickles scabrous from remote acute antrorse crenations; styles 5 times as long as stylopodium. June—July. (Plate XI, Figure 3.) Shrubby formations, oak groves, southern slopes, near cliffs.— European part: U.Dnp., Bl., L. Don, Bess. Endemic. Described from the Ukraine. Type in Vienna. 113 Gil, Wa eS PLATE XI. 1— Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.; 2-— T. heterophylla Guss.; 3-—T.ucrainica Spreng. 114 Section 2. LAPPULARIA (Pomel) Thell. in Hegi, I. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1051.— Genus Lappularia Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 149.— Leaflets of involucre 0 or 1(2); spines of fruit slightly antrorse or suberect, obtuse, tipped by a crown of teeth, scabrous from Slightly retrorse acute teeth; surface of commissure linear, canals in furrow under bundles of sclerenchymatous fibers (stereomas) of lateral main ribs, covered, not visible from the outside; carpophore thicker than in section Anthriscaria Thell.; albumen with deep furrow, reniform in cross section, with inward turned edges. 3, T. arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Horti berol.1 (1821) 265; Bess. Enum. pl. Volhyn. (1822) 12.— T. divaricata Moench, Meth. Suppl. (1802) 34.- T. arvensis subsp. divaricata Thell. in Hegi, Nlustr. Fl. Mitteleur. V, 2 (1926) 1055.- T. helvetica Gmel. Fl. Bad.1 (1805) Glieelados Ki. Ross. 11, 3435— 1s intesita Clairv. Man. d'herborisat. (1811) 78; Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 53; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 1082. — Caucalis arvensis Huds. Fl. Angl. ed.l CEGZ een Ter nlnedays chimera Jacq. Hort. Vindob. III (1776) 12.—C.segetum Thuill. FI. Par.ed.2 (1799) 136.- C. purpurea Ten. Fl. Nap. Atlas, IU (1811-1838) tab. 131.— C.infesta Curtis Fl. Londin. II, fasc. VI (1821) tab. 23; Shmal'g., FI-T, 4A0 se retvalis Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, I (1840) PilBo= SC Ain Clix infesta L. Syst. ed.3, If (1767) 732.- Anthriscus arvensis iKea I= oil. in Izv. Mosk. obshch. Ispyt. Prir. Nov. ser. XXIX (LL) Bigs tebe Nes Ross. XV (1920) 95,ex p.— Ic.: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. tab.16; Rchb. Ic. im Germ. XXI, tab. 166, f.1, I]. — Exs.: G.R.F. No.1770 et 24695 ie ACM No.27; P.sintenis, It. trans.-pers. No. 498, a,c, No. 630 c. Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, like leaves and umbel rays covered with short bristly hairs, thinly sulcate, usually branching from base; leaves triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong, the lower bi- or tripinnate, the upper often only pinnate; lobes of the last order acutely dentate. Umbels long-stalked, of 2-10 rays; involucre 0 orof 1—2 unequal leaflets; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear-subulate; petals white or reddish, obcordate, with deep narrow notch and inward curved tip, the peripheral slightly expanded, ca. 1.5mm long; style bristly- hairy at base, 2-3 times as long as stylopodium; fruit 3-5mm long; 160 prickles on fruit as long as mericarp is wide, straight or curved above, with small retrorse crenations and a terminal crown of hooks. Along ditches, irrigation ditches, gardens, shrubby formations, forest edges.— European part: Bes., Bl., Us Dist Crim) «Caucasus mC 1sien, Dag., W., E. and S.Transc.; Centr. Asia: Me Shep syae De, eae eal evita Tuvkm. Gen. distr.: Med., Centr. and Atl. Hur., Afr., Iran., E.As. Introduced into N. Am. and Australia. Described from England. Type in London. Note. An occasional weed of crops. 4. T. radiata Moench, Meth. (1794) 103.— T.neglecta Schult. Syst. Veg. VI (1820) 484; DC. Prodr.IV, 218; Ldb. HMIeORoss. ll, 3435 "Boiss. Fl. or.II, 1083; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.IH,132.— T.chlorocarpa Spreng. Syst.I (1825) 898.— T.infesta Roth, Enum. Pl. phaner. Germ. 1 (1827) 901.— T.syriaca Boiss. et Blanche in Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2, 11 (1856) 98. — Mis 161 D. amv emisiis (subsp. jaleo hele ay hell sin Heaters Witt teleuinaa Nien = (1926) 1055.— Scandix infesta Jacq. Austr. tab. 46 (1773),non L.— Lappularia neglecta Pomel, Nouv.) Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874).150.— Caucalis neglecta Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 420.—- Daucus infestus Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 156.— Ic.: Varela Ile Co tab. 46 (sub Sc. infesta). Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, like leaves covered with short bristly hairs, thinly sulcate, usually branching from base; leaves triangular-ovate or triangular-oblong, the lower bi- or tri- pinnatisect, the upper often only pinnate; lobes of the last order long- acuminate, acutely dentate. Umbels long-stalked, of 3-7 rays; involucre 0 or of 1—2 unequal leaflets; involucels of numerous linear-subulate leaflets; petals white, obcordate, with deep notch and inward curved tip, the peripheral markedly expanded, exceeding 2mm; style bristly-hairy at base, 3-6 times as long as stylopodium; fruit 3-6mm long, prickles on secondary ribs as long as mericarp is wide, scabrous from retrorse crenations, with subterminal crown of hamate prickles. May—June. shrubby slopes/— European part: Crim.? (Caticasuss? Wr amcdehe Transe. Gen. distr.:\W. and E. Med», Bal.-As.. Min., Iran. Deseribed from Austria. Type was in Germany. Note. There are no herbarium specimens to substantiate records of this species from the Crimea and Transcaucasia. 5. T.heterophylla Guss. Prodr. Fl. Sicul.1 (1827) 326; Ldb. Fl. Ross. 11344; Boiss. Fl. or. II,1082.-T. heterosperma Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. (1856) 263 sphalm. pro T. hieit e poipih ylika Gusis... ili wh emi weiner: Vanpepau Ci madiatasTrantye imidr. Bot. Sadayia(lG0l)) 334) lameness lecta var. paucinradiata Grossh., Fl. Kavks TN(i932)1 325 — ears erceacl var. heterophylla Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI (1866) tab. 2008. — Caucalis heterophylla Schmalh. Fl.I (1895) 419.—Ic.:. Rchb. l.c. tab. 2008. Annual; root thin fusiform; stem erect, 30—100cm high, thinly sulcate, usually branching from base, like leaves covered with short bristly hairs; lower leaves bipinnatisect, with oblong pinnatifid serrate lobes; median leaves ternate-dissected, with narrowly lanceolate serrate lobes; upper- most leaves linear, entire or remotely dentate. Umbels on long peduncles, of 2—3 rays covered with appressed bristles; involucre 0 or 1—2-leaved; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear-acuminate; petals white or reddish, with narrow notch and inward curved tip, dorsally pubescent; style bristly- hairy at base; fruit 3-S5mm long, nearly always heteromorphic, with typically developed spines confined to mericarps turned outwards. June— July. (Plate XI, Figure 2.) Roadsides, dry slopes, clearings in dry forests.— European part: Crim. (southern shore); Caucasus: Cisc., Dac. Hand Wr i ransc.. malkeaGent distr.: Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from Sicily. Type in Naples. 6. T.tenella (Del.) Rchb. fil. Ic. Fl. germ. XXI (1866) tab. 74. — Gam calasetenme lla, Dele al. e908 13) 58ay Boiss. sllorm leemOge Wirewict., iim Wie, lor, Seca, I, il (1871) bo; Grosses, Hl. Kavk. iil, 13645 fe: eDelnl pee: htalo 2 lagi. ogee elnino see halons. 116 162 Annual; root thin; stem 20—25cm high, branching from base with oblique branches, like leaves covered with very short scattered, appressed or slightly spreading, retrorse white bristles; leaves ovate, 3-5cm long, 1.5—2 cm wide, tripinnatisect, the lower petioled, the upper sessile on oblong sheath; terminal lobes linear, 2-4mm long, 0.5mm wide, terminating in short bristle. Umbels of 4—9 unequal rays covered with scattered semi- appressed bristles; involucre 0; umbellets few-flowered, ca. 4-5mm across; involucels of 4—5 linear hairy leaflets; calyx-teeth persistent, lanceolate, petals white; fruit linear, 3.5-5mm long,ca. 1mm wide; secondary ribs with 1 row of scabrous prickles, 3 times as long as meri- carps are wide; style very short. May. Dry places.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (Mugan). Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Iran. (NE), Afr. Described from Egypt. Type in Montpellier (?). @. <. nodosa (1..)'Gaertn. De Fruct.J (1788) 82:;, lidb. BI. Ross. Il, 344: Boiss hl ome NOS Kross. Hl ekavic. Ll wsi4) — i. nod tl om a Bulb. IMLS IP yeeials IU (1900) 406.— T. stocksiana K.-Pol. in Tr. Peterb. Bot. Sada, XXXVI (1920) 98,non Caucalis stocksiana Boiss. (1859); Grosses. Fl, Kalvk. Il (1932) 1342— Torndylium, nodosum LL. Sp.:pl. @l 753) 240.— Caucalis nodosa Crantz, Class. Umbellif. (1767) 109; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 420.— C.nodiflora Lam. Fl. Fr. III (1778) 424. — Lappularia nodosa Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 150.— Daucus nodosa E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 137. —- AC baSICMES NS HOekaS)d amamke ol. singBbulde Soca Nat. Mose. uN. POC ELONS | li5ie — AY sn odit Lowa) K. Pol. lsc..(1 95): Wl. Az: Ross. XV (1920) 98.- A. leptophylla 8 stocksiana K.-Pol. Fl. Az. Ross. XV Gozo. — ens (Gaertn: 1.ce stab.210) f. 6% Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems 10—35cm high, solitary or few, erect, ascending or spreading close to ground, cylindrical, thinly sulcate, scabrous from retrorse bristly hairs; leaves and petioles covered with short antrorse bristly hairs; the lower leaves on short petioles, abruptly tapering to short, dilated sheath with whitish-scarious margins, twice or four times pinnate; the upper sessile on narrow oblong sheaths; lobes of the last order oblong, acute or acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, with linear- lanceolate or linear lobules, 1—-2mm wide, mucronate, entire or obscurely dentate. Umbels at first apparently terminal but very soon shifting to lateral side owing to strong growth of lateral shoot, subsessile in flower, becoming short-stalked, rays 2—3, like pedicels very short; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels subulate, shorter than umbel rays; all flowers bi- sexual, fertile; petals white,ca. 0.5mm long, shallowly notched, dorsally pubescent; fruit ovoid, 2-3mm long, heteromorphous, the outer mericarps with normally developed, erect acicular crenations with terminal whorl of hamate prickles, the inner covered with obtuse tubercles; style glabrous, erect, very short. April—June. Shrubby formations, stony slopes, vineyards and crops. — European part: Crinne Caucasus. Dag. We Ep eanduon il Gansicesg Conic ASial me Viti damsel. Amu D., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Atl. and Centr. Eur., W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran, introduced in the southern part of the U.S.A. Described from France and Italy. Type in London. 117 163 164 Subgenus 2. Daucalis (Pomel) schisechk. — Gen. /Daucalis’ Pomel, INowWs Miaiga IL, ANell. (1874) 148.— Subgen. Pseudo-caucalis Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 156.— Main ribs separated from the secondary ribs on side by furrow; secondary ribs with spines arranged in 2—3 regular rows; fruit (ignoring spines) elongate-prismatic, 5-6 mm long; canals narrow; carpophore split only at summit. 8. T.leptophylla (L.) Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI (1866) 83.— Caucalis leptophylla L. Sp. pl. ed.1 (1753) 242; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 341; Boiss. Micvor ih 1084; shmaliice Mle, keen Gr ossien tie, Ucaryiceollil gles @. puma la Mam. (Pley hr. lil G78) 4255) © pau: vilt loc eeele ade Encycl. 1 (1789) 657.— C. humilis Jacq. Hort. Vindob.II (1772) 92.— Daucus lepteaphytlla’ Scop.” Fl.Carniols eds2) P (7 72)192 =) Dannceiate erat Or phylla Pomel,in Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. (1874) 149.— Nigeria ipa. flora Bubani, Fl, pyren.II (1900) 404.— Anthriscus leptophylla K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moses N. Si XXL (1915) 151;) Pls Age inosssoce 960 > Sie linuim! humitle PoHoL Krause.— les, Jacq. ‘Hort. Vandel tabs lan; Rehbw loc. tab. 169) — Pixs): GyRY Fs No. 2650. Hvr .A ieee omen. P.Sint. It. trans.-pers. 1900-1901, No.1795 (sub T. stocksiana). Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems 10—30cm high, solitary or few, erect, ascending or spreading close to ground, cylindrical or slightly faceted, thinly sulcate, scabrous from appressed retrorse bristly hairs, leaves oblong, the lower long-petioled, the upper on short petioles tapering to short dilated sheath with white-scarious margins, bi- or tripinnatisect, terminal lobes oblong or linear, acute, like petioles and petiolules covered with short antrorse bristly hairs; uppermost leaves sessile on narrow oblong sheaths. Umbels apparently terminal at first, but very soon shifting to lateral position owing to strong growth of lateral shoot, peduncles short in flower, becoming longer, 2-5cm long; umbel rays short, 2—4, becoming thickened, covered with bristly hairs; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels lanceolate-linear, as long as umbel; fertile flowers very short-pediceled or subsessile, the sterile on distinct pedicels; petals white, dorsally pubescent, caducous; fruit oblong, 4-6mm long, homomorphous, crowned with triangular-lanceolate calyx-teeth; secondary ribs covered with 2—3 rows of scabrous acicular prickles with hamate apex, slightly longer than mericarp is wide. April—June. (Plate XI, Figure 1.) Banks of mountain streams, dry slopes, weedy places.— European part: (Greinrae (southern shore); Caucasus: Dae; b. and Ss; franse., Valear@€ enue Asia: Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Introduced in Centr. and Atl. Eur. and N.Am. Described from France and Italy. Type in London. Note. The following taxa have been reported for the USSR by some authors but according to our data they do not occur within its borders: 7. Stocksiana (Boiss.) Drude (in E.—P.Naturl. Pflanzenfam. II, 8 (1898) 156; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 98; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Il (1932) b47— Anthrisius stocksiana K.-Polesin Bull} SoceeNats Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 151.— A. leptophylla 8 stocksiana K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 97.— Caucalis stocksiana Boiss. Diagn. ser. II, 6 (1859) 89); this species is confined to Baluchistan, S. Iran and Arabia. 118 9. T. xanthotricha (Stev.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Caucalis xantho- tricha Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1856) 353. Annual; similar to preceding species but stems sometimes higher, 40— 50cm, petals persistent sometimes until ripening, prickles of fruit yellow. May—June. Stony slopes.— European part: Crim. (southern shore). Endemic. Described from the Laspa River valley. Type in Helsinki. Note. All specimens seen from the Crimea (Balaklava, Simeiz) have typically yellow fruit, sometimes the petals persistent even after the fruit has ripened. This species is certainly very close to T.leptophylla (L.) Rehb., but as the characters of all the Crimean plants are consistent the species proposed by Steven has been retained. Genus 958. PSAMMOGETON * Edg. Edg. in Proc. Linn. Soc.1 (1845/ 258 Calyx-teeth lanceolate; petals white, pink or purple, the outer some- times pubescent; fruit ovoid, tapering at commissure; stylopodium short- conical; styles long; mericarps with primary subglabrous filiform ribs and 4 secondary ribs covered with soft white spreading hairs and longer bristles nearly in 2 rows; canals under secondary ribs solitary, 2 at com- missure. Annual herbs, leaves with setiform lobes. Five species in Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia. 1. Stems and leaves shortly and densely pubescent; leaf lobes oblong- CUS AROS aaa aE, Cetera eae yal anemnat 3. P.canescens (DC.) Vatke. an Siomicuancmleavecuclabrousmulear Nowesusiet lioretan = til Uk@Tetaen eet as esas 3 Za Umbelsyot 24 cays; leaf lobes 2 5 ¢m long 2. . 1. PP. setifolinm Boiss. as Umbclstomoororcavc., leak lobes sone ria MOM Gs eae) teeulon we) tmcnla) ante cs\ie REED BE isis aide ag ce oa 2. P.borsezovii (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky. Series 1. Setifolia Schischk.— Stems and leaves glabrous; leaves setiform-filiform. 1. P.setifolium Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1079.— Torilis setifolia Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2,11 (1856) 95.— 7. heterotricha Trauty. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIX, l (1866) 349,—= DAWUCUS SStLLOliwm Ss INuorwze iim Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 191.- Cuminum cyminum a@asetosum Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 1080.— C. cyminum B.Fedtsch. Rastit. Turkest. (1915) HOO, mon Ib,—= Co SeStiroliunmn I. tibet aunt ia ssyGleteremetn Proc. Linn. Soc.I (1845) 253.- Athamanta canescens DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 153.— Pimpinella crinita Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat.3 sér.I (1844) 131.— Daucus crinitus O. Ktze. in Tr. Bot. Sada, X (1887) 191.— Cuma ti nuimn Cr init um Ko Pols in Bull] Soc Nat. MOS mINe see (1915) 209.— Exs.: P.Sintenis, exs. No. 232. Annual; stem branching from base, 15—40cm high, densely covered with soft spreading hairs; radical leaves withering early, cauline leaves short-petioled, broadly triangular, 2.5-6cm long, 2—-6cm wide, ternate; 169 primary lobes petioluled, pinnatisect into oblong, cuneate lobules with 120 ¢ > 4 SSS S NY Z = PEATE XII. 1,la—Psammogeton borsczovii (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky; 2-— Aphanopleura leptoclada (Aitch. et Hemsl.) Lipsky 121 170. 2—3 incisions, covered with fine short spreading hairs; upper leaves sessile, smaller, and less dissected. Umbels on long peduncles, of 4-12 unequal rays covered with spreading hairs, involucre of 5 straight lanceolate-linear long-acuminate short-haired leaflets with broad scarious margins, half as long or as long as umbel rays; umbellets dense; involucels of 5 broadly ovate, hairy, nearly entirely scarious abruptly finely acuminate leaflets as long as umbels; petals white, pink or purple, the peripheral hairy; fruit ovoid, ca. 2.5mm long, densely covered with soft, very fine capitate bristles twice as long as fruit is wide. May. Dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. (Afghani- stan, Baluchistan, Iran), Ind.-Him. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. Genus 959. ASTRODAUCUS* Drude Drude in E.—P. Natiirl. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 156 Calyx-teeth short; petals white, deeply notched, expanded in peripheral flowers; fruit oblong-ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, subcircular in cross section; mericarps with 5 main, slightly protruding ribs bearing bristles; secondary ribs with 1 or 2 rows of setiform prickles with dilated base, sometimes connate; canals solitary under secondary ribs, 2 at com- missure,thesein furrow, partly covered with stereomatic bundle; albumen falcate in cross section, dorsally notched because of strongly protruding canals; stylopodium short-conical; styles long,ca. 2.5mm; stigma capitate. Biennial plants, with repeatedly pinnatisect leaves and large main umbels. Four species, E. Mediterranean area. 1. Involucels of 8-11 lanceolate-linear, acuminate leaflets; peripheral petals ZrammaMlone: Sete See ees es. eels 3. A.littoralis (M.B.) Drude. ar Involucels of 5 lanceolate leaflets; peripheral petals elongated, to ANU GI OM yo ciel Water) papnc MeO». CP sieuke oe © V'e), @oeisc us ioude chin Oe ane aes 2. 2. Leaves slightly scabrous or glabrous, lobes of last order 1—4mm long; iowa Walia Chulewwecl jociclles!, COmMMEKS Bib lOESIE 660500 co oo OS Sco or cpa tN SWE Ta ean ic Sire aba s 1, A. orientalis (L.) Drude. Leaves short-hairy, lobes of last order 7mm long; prickles on fruit MOLSCOMMALE | eutsite (alte «ey oe! |e is Le aL 2. A.persicus (Boiss.) Drude. 1. A. orientalis (L.) Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III, 7-8 (1898) Zl. Kozo-Poelk infill. Az Ross. XV s9aGrosse. Hl. Kary ioky Mls Caucalise orientalis La Si. pl. (Gigaa Za Wiens. Ele eterna ecnmccee 208.— C. royeni Crantz, Cl. Umbell. emend. (1767) 109.— C. pul- cherrima Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. (1809) 303.— Conium royeni i Spaapl, (sanz 4a5 — Platyspermum puleh ex rimwn keer Umbell. (1824) 78.— P. orientale Eichw. Pl. casp.-cauc. (1831-1833) 5.— Daucus, pulcherrimus Koch ap. D@. Prodr. lV (830) 200- sacle Bi Rossi, 336; Boiss). (hls oratih LOd 2s iolararaik "on Hull. eb is eaieconsren tan ets Oni enta lis Calest. in) Webbia (1905) 2552 — bxc.: (G. Rens Noswisede Herbe snl @anicamNOmoa oe * From the Greek astron — star, daucon — carrot. 122 71 Biennial; root fusiform; stem branching, 40-100 cm high, like leaves glabrous, but lobes slightly scabrous along margin; leaves triangular, repeatedly pinnatisect, lobes of last order narrowly linear, acute, 1—4mm long, 0.3mm wide, sometimes with sparse short bristly hairs along margins; upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath. Umbels 4-8cm across, of 8-15 glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 (rarely of 5, var. involucratus Bordz.) lanceolate-linear, acuminate leaflets with scarious margins; leaflets of involucels 5, lanceolate, with broadly scarious ciliate margin, thinly acuminate, appressed or spreading; calyx-teeth short; petals white, hairy outside, the outer petals to 4mm long; fruit oblong- ovoid, 5-6 mm long, the setiform connate prickles longer than width of fruit, dilated at base, hardly scabrous (var. glabratus Thell.) or more or less long, hair-like (var. eriocarpus (Boiss.) Woron.); heterocarpy frequent, the central fruit of the umbel bearing very short prickles; stylopodium conical; styles to 2.5mm long. June—July. Stony and pebbly slopes.— European part: Balt. (escaped locally near Vilnius), Bl.) Crim.: Caucasus: Cise:,W., EB. and S. Tzansc., Tal.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. (Ust-Urt?). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd., As. Min., Iran. Locally escaped in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Described after Tourne- fort's collection from the East. Type in London. 2. A.persicus (Boiss.) Drude in E.-P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. II, 7-8 (1898) 157; Grosse., Fl. Kavk. III, 135.— Daweus persicus Boiss. in Ann. Sc. nat. ser. III, II (1844) 49.- D. atropatanus Stev. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1856) II, 352, in nota. Biennial; root fusiform; stems cylindrical 50—100cm high, glabrous, branching; leaves ovate, repeatedly pinnatisect, shortly and rather densely pubescent, lobes of the last order narrowly linear, acute, 7mm long, 0.2 mm wide; upper cauline leaves smaller, sessile on dilated sheath, the upper- most reduced to lanceolate sheath. Umbels long-peduncled, 4-8 cm across, of 8-12 smooth rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 lanceolate-linear, caducous leaflets; leaflets of involucels 5, lanceolate, white-membranous, with ciliate margin; petals white, the outer to 4mm long, pubescent outside; fruit ovoid, 5mm long, prickles on secondary ribs narrowly lanceolate, scabrous, not connate, twice as long as the diameter of fruit. June. Shrubby formations, clayey slopes, gardens and vineyards. — Caucasus: S. Transc. (?). Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Isfahan. Type in Geneva. 3. A.littoralis (M. B.) Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. III, 7-8 (1898) ie GRocsen. Elma Mllggls.o).—— Cxcrre aaleis aelpit tO alas IM. 1B Fl. taur.-cauc.!I (1808) 208.— Cachrys littoralis Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. IV (1818) 20.— Platyspermum littorale Koch, Umbell. (1824) 78.- Daucus bessarabicus DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 210; Ldb. Fl. Roses ll, SI8sr Samnallles 5 oie Aol P Ore I sis Oe et a Sri Cale sala Webbia (1905) 255.— Ic.: Sibth. et Sm. Fl. Graeca, III, tab. 212.— Exs.: Greer ten NiO Ole Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root vertical, fusiformly thickened; stems erect, 25—70cm high. branching above or nearly from base; radical leaves broadly triangular, with petioles nearly as long as blade, blade ca. 123 WZ 15cm long and nearly as wide, repeatedly pinnatisect; terminal lobes linear, acute, 3-7mm long, ca. 0.8cm wide; cauline leaves smaller, the uppermost sessile on amplexicaul sheath. Umbels of 10-18 nearly equal rays; involucre 0 or of 1—3 linear acute leaflets, with scarious margin; involucels of 8—11 lanceolate-linear, softly ciliate, thinly acuminate leaf- | lets with broad scarious margin; petals white, ca. 2mm long, subrounded, deeply notched, with incurved tip; fruit oblong, 6mm long, 4mm wide, prickles 5—7 in row, pyramidal, acute or abruptly attenuate into more or less long mucro. June—July. | Maritime and riparian sands, solonchaks.— European part: Bes., Bl., L. Don, Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc. (W.),W.Transe. Endemic. Described from the vicinity of Odessa. Type in Geneva. Genus 960. CAUCALIS* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 240.- Daucus sect. Caucalis Baill. Hist. pl.VII (1880) 90.— Nigera Bub. Fl. Pyren.II (1900) 404.— Caucalis sect. Eucaucalis Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III,8 (1898) 157 Calyx-teeth leaflike, acute; petals obcordate, white or reddish, deeply notched, with incurved lobe in notch, peripheral petals elongate. Fruit ovoid, laterally compressed, the main ribs hardly protruding, covered with bristles, the secondary ribs prominent, bearing single row of prickles or (very rarely) tubercles; canals solitary under secondary ribs, 2 canals at commissure. Mericarps subcircular in cross section; fibrous bundle of main ribs flat, more or less falcate; secondary ribs with cylindrical stereome bundle. Albumen deeply furrowed, with inrolled margins; base of ovary and fruit subtended by a crown of bristles. Annuals, with bristly hairs and bi- and tripinnate leaves. Up to 4 species in Europe, Asia Minor and Central Asia. i Prickles on fquit as long as width Ofmericarosl -- 15) ttt arp UPS Sine ad ap ARE a enc elas Bal dali olli sale Mimi MS ei 1. C.lappula (Web.) Grande. as Prickles on fruit not developed, much shorter than width of mericarps. . mars wich siieds) gatas anu arnce epee gee iar ls alre v6, eats een ek ORG) Mee ee 2. C. DischGitit kero: 1. C.lappula (Web.) Grande in Bull. Orto bot. Nap. V (1918) 194. — €. daueoide's! i. Syst. ed. XII (1767) 205, nom Ly Sp. pl. (aa) ee iemete esteOulaya platycarpois) (us) Koen: Iidb. Hl. Ross last taesoncsce JILe vOxee Il, LOwiats os Slavaavenl kos, Jy ly 2h fhe Grosse.) Fl. Kavi I s6s Ca. memmne folia Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 161.- C.platycarpos L. Sp. pl. (1753) Ale Ox Pxst:aGeive ey. Nomi ZG * From the Greek kejein — creep, kaulos — stem, referring to the creeping stems of some species. 124 4 H | | ( i i | 73 174 Annual; root thin, fusiform; stems erect, 10—40cm high; branching, like leaves covered with long scattered bristles or subglabrous; leaves bi- or tripinnatisect, with pinnatipartite lobes, lower leaves short-petioled, upper sessile on sheaths; lobes of first order ovate, obtuse, the lower lobes on short petioles, the upper sessile; lobes of last order oblong, pinnatifid into 2—4mm long, linear or narrowly lanceolate, usually entire lobules; sheath short, oblong, with ciliate scarious margin. Umbels opposite leaves, of 2-5 scabrous rays with scabrous upper margin; involucre 0; involucels usually of 3—5 lanceolate scabrous leaflets with slightly ciliate margin; calyx-teeth ovate-lanceolate, to 1.5mm long; petals white or reddish, broadly obovate (2mm long, 2.5mm wide), deeply notched, glabrous; fruit ovoid-oblong, 8-10mm long, ca. 5mm across. April-May. (Plate XII, Figure 1.) Among shrubs on slopes, fields, cereal crops, melon fields, roadsides, railway embankments. — European part: Lad.-Im., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., Vee Donna. Dom. slbransives Vea icamia (extreme west), Bes., U. Dns., Bl.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., E.,W. and 5. Transc.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd, Iran. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. This weed is advancing in the USSR northwards and eastwards. The prickly fruits mixed with oats and fed to horses cause injury to the oral cavity (Larin). 2. C.bischoffii K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moacee Ne Se Oden (Loiha)) Base C.muricata Bischoff, Delect. sem. Horti Heidelb. (1839) et in Linnaea. XIV (1840), Lit. Ber. p.131,non Crantz (1767); C.A.M. in App. FX aon. @ sem. Horti Petropol. (1843) 64; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, BAO Gay Graguke Onndiers B muricata Gr. et Gord. Fl. Fr. II (1850) 674; Shmal'g., Fl. Sr. i Yuzhn. POeSo f (CUBOIS)) ss Cea one deicarpa Makaschvili in Grossg., Fl. Kavk. Til (OSA SiC. Annual; distinguished from C.dauc oides L. only by the very short prickles of the fruit which are several times shorter than the width of the mericarp reduced to tubercles. May. Weedy habitats and fields of wheat and barley.— European part: Gicim (Simferopol); Caucasus: Cisc.,W. and E. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min., Med. Described from Crim. Type in Heidelberg (eye Note. Of the 3 specimens in the Botanical Institute, one was collected in 1842 near Simferopol, the second in Kuban, and the third was grown from seeds collected in Georgia. Kozo-Polyanskii (Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 61) claimed the American species Yabea microcarpa (Hook. et Arn.) K.-Pol- as belonging to anew genus Yabea K.~-Pol. (Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVIII (1914) 202; XXIX (1915) 144) known from the vicinity of Vladivostok, where it had been introduced and where the fruits had been collected together with those of TOLLS yenoomery Ce Subsequent studies have failed to confirm the presence of Y. microcarpa near Vladivostok, and Komarov omitted it from his ''Key.'’ Our study of extensive herbarium material from the Far East failed to reveal traces of Yabea. It is therefore excluded from "Flora of the USSR." 125 “ Y, mY ¥ Za We = Vee Nay bass Pen ig\ = BA Z aN qe < 2 e Ga Wee | ies ee 0: PLATE XIII. 1— Caucalis lappula (Web.) Grande.; 126 2—Eremodaucus lehmannii Bge. Ev? Genus 961. TURGENIA* Hoffm. Hoff. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 59.- Caucalis subgenus Turgenia Drude in E.—P. Naturl. Pflanzenfam. Ill, 8 (1898) 157.— Turgenia subgenus Turgeniodoxa K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross.XV (1920) 108 Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute or nearly subulate; petals pink, purple or nearly white, obovate; fruit ovoid, laterally compressed; stylopodium conical, styles short, thick; mericarps subcircular in cross section, the protruding main and secondary ribs, bearing 1—3 rows of scabrous prickles shorter than the width of the fruit. Cross section of ribs shows small elliptic stereomes; canals single in valleculae, 2 approximate at commissure; hypodermal tissue between endosperm and mesocarp; albumen very con- cave, its margins turned inwards; carpophore free, 2-cleft above; ovary and fruit subtended by a whorl of prickles. Scabrous hairy annual herbs with simple-pinnate leaves. Monotypic genus, in Central Europe, W. Siberia, Central Asia, the Mediterranean area, and eastwards to Kashmir. in Melativolia Gu.) Hottny, Gen.) Umbells Sele 2) (BIG) SOE elo, Jl, IVOsSe ies42-) Boss. le wore. tl; OS; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 108; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 137; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Siig, Wdul, ZOSS,— INO ial sy Wa bisa atteiodacu ral espn pl Givi53)e240S Gra nicialiashel al vit olleias e. Syst. VII (1768) 205; Shmal'g., Fl.1,418.— Daucus ait todas) Baul eciisite splieavill (1880) 89.— D.turgenia E.H.L.Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl.ed.2, XII (1904) 158.— Ie.: Kozo-Pol., ibid., tabl. 99— Passi) He FAs) Nioweh6: Annual; stem erect, 20—60cm tall, finely ribbed, branching, covered with short spreading stiff hairs with recurved tips and longer bristly prickles; leaves pinnate, 4—-20cm long, 3-10cm wide, pubescent on both sides, with bristles along nerves beneath; leaf lobes oblong, obtuse, dentate, 1-4cm long, 3-15mm wide,sessile, somewhat decurrent, only lowermost pair short-petioluled. Umbels 4-6cm across, of 3—5 ribbed, bristly-hairy rays; involucre and involucels of 5 oblong-ovate, acuminate or obtuse pubescent leaflets with white-scarious margins; umbels few-flowered, with 3—5 bi- sexual (fertile), 3-4 sterile (staminate) flowers on 1.5—3mm long pedicels; calyx-teeth triangular, acute, with scarious ciliate margins, unequal, 0.5— 1mm long; petals pink, purple or nearly white, short-hairy outside, obovate, with narrow terminal cusp, 1.5—2mm long, in bisexual flowers one petal much enlarged, ca. 3mm long, 4—5 mm wide, obreniform; fruit ovoid, 7—9 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, slightly compressed laterally, ribs with long, large prickles with thickened base, covered with short prickles. May—June. Mountain slopes, steppes, fallow fields, crops, near dwellings. — European jones - lWeyols—llbeals (introduced along railway lines), Transv. (Kinel, in the Westie. Don ssl MsespiC cima, Caucasus: all regions; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Syr D., Amu D., Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur. (introduced), Med., Bal.-As. Min., Ind.-Him., N. Am. (intro- duced). Described from France and Italy. Type in London. Economic importance. A weed of crops in the southern regions of the USSR, especially in the spring. * Named in honor of D.A.Turgenev, Director of the Office of Prince Golitsyn, a friend and classmate of Hoffman at Gottingen University. 127 178 181 Genus 962. LISAEA* Boiss. Boiss. in Ann. sc. nat.3, sér.II (1844) 54 Calyx 5-toothed; petals white, notched, the peripheral deeply 2-cleft, strongly elongating; fruit compressed laterally; mericarps with 3 primary narrowly winged dorsal ribs, often with teeth; secondary ribs obscure, sometimes with few longitudinal hamate bristles or tubercles; stylopodium conical; canals inconspicuous; albumen with inrolled margins. Annual herbs with simple-pinnate leaves and short pubescence. Five species in Asia Minor, Iran and S. Transcaucasia. 1. Mature fruits glabrous, finely tuberculate; marginal petals 5-12 mm lone Ee Gta aR raOR ..., we eae 1. L.heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss: ate Mature fruits densely pubescent; peripheral petals 3—5mm long Be aCS OG lo LRA neato) cs ee Ohi. Ah, SE ee nist 2. L.armena Schischk. 1, L.heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 1088; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. MI, 137.— L. grandiflora Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sér. i] (1844) 54,— Turgenia heterocarpa DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 218. Annual; stem 15—80cm high, single or few, erect, simple or branching, densely covered with very short hairs and rather long (ca. 1 mm) ones with hamate tip; radical leaves withering early; lower cauline leaves on more or less long petioles, broadly ovate, 6—7cm long, 4—5 cm wide, simple to pinnate; leaf lobes oblong, sessile, the upper decurrent, like stem covered with short hairs, with long spiny-tipped bristles along nerves; upper leaves smaller, sessile on short sheaths with white-scarious margins. Umbels of 8-15 short-hairy bristly rays; involucre and involucels of 5—6 oblong, subentire, scarious leaflets; petals white, the peripheral much elongated, 10-12 mm long, 2-lobed up to middle or deeper; fruit ovoid, I-10mm long, 5—6 mm wide, the juvenile finely scabrous, the adult glabrous, more or less densely verrucose; the 3 dorsal ribs filiform or with distinct wings with lanceolate prickles. May—June. (Plate XIV, Figures 2, 2b.) Weed of crops.— Caucasus: S.Transec. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran (near Pareh, province of Khoi, and along road from Bagdad to Kermanshah). Type in Geneva. 2. L.armena Schischk. in Refer. n.-i. rabot za 1945 ¢@. (td? sBioleane ANGSSSRD (947) Woe — te Syriaca Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 137,non Boiss. Annual; root vertical, 3—4mm thick; stem 15—40cm high, branching from base or only above, densely covered with very short hairs, mixed with longer (1 mm) ones, with hamate tip; leaves broadly ovate, simple to pinnate, like stem both sides Short-hairy, with rather long bristly hairs along nerves and margins; leaf 8-10cm long, ca. 5cm wide; leaflets oblong, 3—4cm long, 1-1.5cm wide, with antrorse, obtuse, triangular teeth. Umbels 2.5—3.5cm across, of 5—6 angular rays with the same pubescence as stem; involucre of 5 ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, sub- entire, scarious leaflets slightly shorter than umbel rays; involucels of 5 ovate acuminate leaflets, nearly as long as umbels, scarious except for midrib; petals white, the peripheral much elongated, 3-5 mm long, 2-lobed * Named after Lisa, an authority on Italian mosses and student of Piemonte flora. 128 IC ‘ CC SEIN .. di) ‘Z 2,2b —Lisaea heterocarpa (DC.) Boiss.; Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm.; 3 —L.armena Schischk.; 1- PLATE XIV. Orlaya platycarpos (L.) Koch. 4— 129 182 to middle or deeper; fruit densely villous-hairy, readily splitting, the mericarps ovoid, 7mm long, 4mm wide, lateral ribs winged, with 3—4 bristly teeth; median rib narrowly winged, 3—4-toothed; secondary ribs with few hamate bristles; stylopodium conical; styles ca. 2mm long, often violet. May—June. (Plate XIV, Figure 3.) Plowed fields, crops.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Erevan). Gen. distr.: Arm.-Kurd. Described from Turkish Armenia (near Malazgirt). Type in Leningrad. Note. Similar to L. papyracea Boiss. in pubescence of fruits, but distinguished by the lower stature, the narrower wings of the mericarp and the leaves, which are hairy on both sides, not glabrous with scabrosity confined to nerves and margins. Genus 963. ORLAYA* Hoffm. Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 58 Flowers often bisexual, some staminate; calyx of 5 subulate teeth; petals oblong-obcordate, with narrow, acute incurved tip, gradually or abruptly tapering to short claw at base, outer petals of peripheral flowers 4—10 times as large as the others, deeply 2-lobed; fruit ellipsoid, strongly compressed dorsally; the 5 main ribs filiform, with many rows of short bristles; the stereomes in flat bundles linear or falcate in cross sections; the 4 secondary ribs more highly developed, nearly winged, filled with spongy, thin-walled tissue with 1—3 rows of recurved prickles with flattened base and hamate apex; canals Single under valleculae, 2 at commissure; more or less numerous crystals in mesocarp, toward commissure; albumen plano-calyciform, slightly notched; stylopodium 2-cleft at tip or nearly to middle; styles 4—5 times as long as the short stylopodium. Annual nearly entirely glabrous herbs, with repeatedly pinnatisect leaves; involucre and involucels of many leaflets with broad white scarious margins. Three species in the floristic region of the Mediterranean and in Central Europe. 1. Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays 5—8; peripheral petals elongate, 8—10 times as large as the others; secondary ribs equal; styles eas Anata WOR. apg 2 AN iecs Lane 1. O. grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. 1 Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays 2—3(5); peripheral petals 4—5 times as long as the others; 2 outer secondary ribs nearly twice as long as the others (median); styles 1.5-2 mm long Section 1. EUORLAYA Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 216'5.. =sDaltleulisiesect. Orlaya Celak in Bot. Zeit. XXXI (1873) 44. — Orlaya sect. Orlaya Thell. in Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mitteleur. Weal 926) 1068.— Leaflets of perianth and umbel rays 5—8(12); peripheral petals 8-10 times as large as the others; secondary ribs equal; styles 2.5-4mm long, with subglobular disciform stigma. * Named after Johann Orlay, botanist and physician, secretary of the Medical- Surgical Academy in Moscow. 130 183 1. O. grandiflora (l..) Hoffm. Umbell. ed.1 (1814) 58; DC. Prodr. IV, Z0G-wedos (le wROsSshly oo ozo; Polen hls WAZ Hoss. 20, 1165 Grosses, Fl. Kavk. I, 138.— Caucalis grandiflora L. Sp. pl. (1753) 240.- Daucus grandiflorus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed.2 (1772) 189, nec. Wech: eohmmalion Hl eel. Dn iomain dit Vosiuishi vers ty pakeuls sHilorinet Paol. Fl. anal. Ital. II, 1 (1889) 89.- Platyspermum grandiflorum Mert. et Koch in Roehl: Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, II (1826) 360.— Ic.: Rchb. ieee G erm SON tab L998; Heo liiny Perce hail rash Caller, Iter taur. tert. No. 618; Dorfl. Herb. norm. No. 4326. Annual; root simple, thin, fusiform; stem usually erect, 10—50cm high, simple or branching from base, glabrous; leaves bi- or tripinnate, glabrous, sometimes with scattered bristles along nerves and scabrous-ciliate margins, sheathing bases of lower leaves with white-scarious margins, upper leaves sessile on sheaths; lobes of first order rounded-ovate, obtuse, lobes of last order linear, ca. 1mm wide, entire, short-mucronate. Umbels ca. 5cem across, pedunculate, the 5-10 rays short-scarious inside; leaflets of involucre 5, lanceolate, acuminate, greenish with whitish longitudinal nerves and broad scarious-ciliate margin, leaflets nearly as long as umbel rays; involucels of 3—8-leaved elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate leaflets exceeding the rays; umbellets with 2—4 pistillate and numerous staminate flowers; petals white, sometimes with reddish or violet tinge, the peri- pheral much elongated, 8—13(18)mm long, nearly 10 times as long as the others; fruit ovoid, 10mm long,5mm wide; secondary ribs equal; styles 2.5-4mm long. June-July. (Plate XIV, Figure 1.) Light oak forests, limestone slopes, roadsides, abandoned fields. — Bucopean part: Crim; Caucasus: W.Pranses;) Centr Asiay sy. WD. (Khodzhent). Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described HEOMmM Scope. Lype in leondon: Section 2. PLATORLAYA Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 265.— Daucus sect. Heteracanthion Celak. in Bot. Zeit. Neue Rehe, XXXI (1873) 44, p. p.— Leaflets of involucre and umbel rays usually 2—3(5), marginal petals not more than 5 times as long as the others, 4—5(8)mm long, mericarps with 2 outer secondary ribs nearly twice as long as the median, styles 1.5—2 mm long, with decurrent stigma. 2. O.platycarpos (L.) Koch, Umbell. (1824) 79; DC. Prodr.IV, 209; db ie Ross lsat Boiss. mi or ll lO Grosse. Hiky way it, Foon — G@rwuncraNleingsen pallantny Clare Os = ep Se mols. (LiGS)p Qala Cn Claw. CO@ne es) bic Samplemcliss) meesyst. ed. Old 759)— Wauleuls plaithsera pus Celak. in Bot. Zeit. XXXI (1873) ZANE SCOpe sy Siinaclvion EM my amp eC ICO, in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII, tab. 9 (1824).— Exs.: G.R.F. No. 1727. Annual; root thin, fusiform, simple; stem usually erect, 10—30cm high, often branching from base, the lower half covered sparsely by stiff spreading hairs or glabrous; leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate, petioles and nerves rather densely covered with spreading bristly hairs, lower and median leaves ovate, 3—6cm long, 1.5—4cm wide, with oblong white-scarious sheath, stiff-ciliate along margin; lobes of first order broadly ovate, of the last order lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-—1mm wide, obtuse or 131 184 185 acute but without distinct mucro. Umbels 2—3cm across, pedunculate, of 2—3(4) smooth or nearly smooth rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels 2—3(5), lanceolate, acuminate, entire or incised above, with scarious-ciliate margin, nearly as long as rays; umbellets with 2—4 pistillate and numerous staminate flowers; petals white, the peripheral elongated to 5mm, 5 times as long as the others; fruit ovoid, 10mm long,5mm wide. Fl. May, Fr. June-July. (Plate XIV, Figure 4.) Southern slopes, frequently on limestone slopes in mountain forests, vineyards, exposed slopes, roadsides. — European part: Crim. (southern shore); Caucasus: Dag., Cisec., W., E. and S. Transe. Gen. distr.: Mea... Bal.-As. Min., Arm.-Kurd. Described from Italy. Type in London. Tribe 3. CORIANDREAE Koch, Umbell. (1824) 82.— Flowers bisexual or staminate in terminal umbels; marginal petals usually elongated, deeply 2-partite; fruit globose-ovoid, smooth, geminate or of 2 firmly united sub- globose mericarps with inconspicuous or slightly prominent arcuate ribs, often without oil tubes, with 2 large canals at commissure; the woody mesocarp gives the mericarps a nutlike aspect. Albumen calyciformly concave. Genus 964. CORIANDRUM * L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 256.— Ke ramocarpus Fenzl in Russeg. Reise, II (1843) 966.— Ceramocarpus Wittst. Ethym.-bot. Handwort. (1852) 173 Flowers bisexual, in part staminate. Sepals 5, dentiform, irregular, persistent; petals white or pink, obcordate, with incurved obtuse or notched incurved lobe, the peripheral elongated, deeply 2-cleft; fruit globose, firm, nut-shaped, mericarps separating with difficulty, subcircular in cross section, smooth when fresh, when ripe with 5 undulant protruding ribs and 6 alternate erect filiform eminences, giving 10 undulant and 10 erect ribs for entire fruit (if the commissural ribs are counted separately from the fused marginal ribs, the total is 12); median layer of fruit wall woody, the stratum of thick-walled cells interrupted only at commissure by thin parenchymatous cells; canals in valleculae0, at commissure 2; stylo- podium conical; styles elongate; carpophore weakly developed, 2-cleft, the lower half fused with commissure; albumen concave. Two species, Mediterranean area. i Casativirme le Spayple eden (la 53) 250-0 Idlsesk ls Ross.II, 367; Boiss. JailG @ie> IW; SZ Ws Slausavaule sy Uo AO. Gieoseas Ml. Kade, Wily Se. =C . majus Gouan, Hort. Monsp. (1768) 145.— C. diversifolium Gilib. Fl. lithuan. II (1782) 26.— C. globosum Salisb. Prodr. (1796) 166.— C. melphi- tense Pen. et Gun. Ind) sem. Horti Neap, (1837) 3.— Selinum~ cont andrum E.K.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed.2 XII (1904) 163.— lets. Svecetsiclys. slide seen IVs ke gub. Il, p. 428; Komar., Sb., sushka i razved. lekarstv. rast. ed. 3, Fig. 50 (1917). * From koriannon — the Greek name of coriander in Aristophanes, Theophrastus and others; presumably from the Greek koris — bug, anison — anise. 60115 1 132 | . | 186 Annual; entire plant glabrous; root thin, fusiform; stem erect, 20—70cm high, cylindrical, finely sulcate, branching above or from base; leaves pale green, the radical early withering, long-petioled, entire, incised-dentate or 3-lobed or 3-partite or pinnate, with rounded-cuneate, incised-dentate leaf- lets; lower cauline leaves bipinnate, with few ovate pinnatifid leaflets usually with cuneate base; median and upper cauline leaves sessile on sheaths with broadly scarious margin, bi- or tripinnatisect into linear or subfiliform, usually entire, acute lobes. Umbels long-pedunculate, of 3-5 glabrous rays; involucre 0 or of 1 leaflet; involucels secund, usually of 3 very narrow, filiform-subulate leaflets with tuft-like tip; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate or linear, irregular, 2 outer much longer than the 3 inner; petals white or reddish, the peripheral unpaired, petals 3-4mm long, deeply 2-lobed, with oblong- obovate lobes, the 2 adjacent petals asymmetrical, obliquely obcordate, 2-lobed, the anterior lobe much larger than the posterior, 2 remaining petals small, symmetrical, obcordate; petals of remaining flowers faintly notched; fruit globose, 2-5 mm across, brown- or straw-yellow; styles elongate, diverging at acute angle, a= 3) times as long as conical stylopodium, with slightly thickened tip. June—July. Cultivated, often as weed of gardens and crops, near dwellings and road- sides. — European part: Balt., U. Dnp., Wis Wes Mle IDinjoss Wee lDyoiat, Ibi. 1Derat, V.-Kama, Transv.; Far East: Uss.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag., Wire ie) alaG Siranse.; Centg. Asia: Amu D.,Syr. DW. ©. Slag, Miia, ‘IWwuelkon, (GrSiag distr.: Centr. and Atl. Eur., Med., Bal.-As. Min., Iran., introduced in N. and S.Am. Described from Italian fields. Type in London. Economic importance. The young stems sometimes (Georgia) serve as spice, called "'kinza.'' The dried stems serve as fuel. The fruit contains from 0.68 to 0.8—0.9% (1.18%) essential coriander oil, with coriandrol as main component and 5% pinene. The oil is obtained by soaking the fruit in water for 12—16 hours and distilling it with water. It is used in the making of perfumes, in the manufacture of soap and liqueurs, and as a substitute for many aromatic substances to improve the taste of medicines. Wine wicwals is sometimes used to flavor pastries and as a spice for canned meat products. The fruit also contains 18% fatty oil. This is extracted from the residue of the distilled essential oil, for use in manufacture of soap and in the textile industry. After the extraction of fatty oil protein-rich oil cakes are obtained which are fed to cattle. According to Belyaev their composi- tion is: water 20.97%, protein 12.88%, fat 4.15%, nitrogen-free extractive substances 20.7%, cellulose 34.4% and ash 7%. The green plant too contains essential oil; its composition is entirely different from that of the fruit. Coriander is indigenous to the Mediterranean countries, but is cultivated in Central and South Europe, in the central and southeastern parts of the European part of the USSR and in the Caucasus. 133 187 188 Genus 965.* SCHTSCHUROVSKIA Rgl. et Schmalh.** Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn. antropol. i etnograf. Mosk. univ.XXIV, 2 (1881) 40 Calyx-teeth acuminate, with broad base; petals obovate or oblong, acutely notched or emarginate, with acute inward curved lobe; stylopodium semiconical, bearing styles 3 times as long as stylopodium; fruit sub- globose or ovoid, circular in cross section, smooth, glabrous, with longi- tudinal furrows or striae; mericarps hard, firmly united (not even a hammer stroke will separate them); the stereomatic girdle of each mericarp is completely fused; ribs and valleculae are inconspicuous; oil tubes numerous, in 2 zones: above and under stereome, without any particular order, and 1 in each vallecula and rib; usually only 1 seed develops per fruit; crystals absent. Low perennial herbs with reduced internodes; leaves bi- or tripinnatisect, with palmate or verticillate lobes; involucre of 1-6 small, caducous leaflets; involucels of 7—11 linear-lanceolate or subulate leaflets. Two species, in the mountains of W. Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai. 1p eeanineona plete lyre lallaicOUs) |) eee Aare anes 1. S.melifolia Rgl. et Schm. ate BeEavesSESeavcOusi a «soe ¢ Lee 2. S.pentaceros (Korov.) Schischk. 1. S.meifolia Rgl. et Schmalh. in Izv. Obshch. lyubit. estestvozn. antropol. i ethnograf. Mosk. univ. XXIV, 2 (1881) 40; Lip sida iaace sore Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 76; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 66.— S. margar- itae Korov. in Izv. Inst. Pochvov. i geobot. Sredneaz. Gos. iniv. I (1925) LOSE ic=. ozo Pol pibide, tables, Hisure a. Perennial; root neck covered with numerous leaf sheaths and remnants of leaves; stem 10—30(40) cm high, usually single, with reduced internodes, branching at base, glabrous, sulcate; branches long, nearly leafless, since leaves mostly radical or at base of branches; radical leaves short -petioled, the others with expanded membranous sheaths; leaf blades in general oblong or oblong-linear, 10—12 cm long, 2.3—2.5cm wide, bipinnatisect, the lobes obovate, palmately (rarely nearly pinnately) divided into numerous, small, acute, linear-lanceolate, linear or setiform lobules 1—3 mm long, 0.5mm wide. Umbels of 10-15 markedly unequal rays, the inner much shorter than the rest; involucre of 1—6 small, acute, caducous leaflets; involucels of 7—11 linear-lanceolate or subulate leaflets; umbellets 8—11- flowered, one male, the others bisexual, central flowers usually bisexual, sessile, the outer usually male; petals white; fruit subglobose; stylo- podium not developed. May—June. (Plate X1Va, Figure 2; Plate XV, Figure 5.) Stony slopes, alpine and subalpine grass plots, 2,400 to 3,300m.-— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent-Ala-Tau, Kara-Tau and Fergana ranges), Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Makshevat Gorge at the Zeravshan River, from Fedchenko's collections. Type in Leningrad. * Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko. ** After the noted geologist G.E.Shchurovskii, president of the Society of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography. 134 (189) PLATE XIVa. 1 — Kosopoljanskia turkestanica Korov.; 2—Schtschurovskia meifolia Rgl. et Schmalh. 135 IG) 2. S.pentaceros (Korov.) Schichk.— Kosopoljanskia pentaceros Korov. in Trud. Turk. nauchn. obshch. I (1925) 1 Qae—Wlicat, Tord pir crmage le Perennial; root rather thick, vertical; stems nearly obsolete, few leaf- less umbels produced from radical rosette; leaves glaucescent, radical, prostrate on ground, oblong, 8cm long, 2cm wide, scabrous from scattered short hairs, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, on short petioles expanded to sheath, primary lobes, remote, sessile, lobes of the last order narrowly lanceolate or spatulate, 2—3 cm long, 0.5—1.5mm wide, with callous-mucro- nate apex. Umbels of 7-10 rays, central umbel sessile, fertile, the lateral nearly sterile; leaflets of involucre 1—3, linear-subulate, caducous; umbellets 10—15-flowered; involucels of 6—10 lanceolate leaflets nearly as long as umbellets; calyx-teeth spreading lanceolate-subulate, hardening and elongating in fruit; petals oblong, 1.5—1.7mm long, white, violet along midrib, notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit short-cylindrical, glabrous, rarely with short hairs, 5mm long, 2.5-4mm wide, with protruding cylindrical ribs; pericarp with thick annular sclerenchymatous layer, no canals under valleculae, 2 very narrow ones at commissure; stylopodium conical; styles erect or hardly divergent, 3mm long, nearly half the length of the fruit. July—August. Stony slopes, ca. 2,200m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. Endemic. Described from Kirghiz Ala-Tau. Type in Tashkent. Genus 966. KOSOPOLJANSKIA* Korov. Korov. in Tr. Turkest. nauchn. obshch.I (1928) 85 Calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate, half the length of the petals, persistent in fruit, soft, not hardening; petals oblong, white, notched, with inward curved lobe; fruit ovoid or short-cylindrical, smooth or slightly scabrous; stylopodium conical, sometimes undulant at base; styles erect or recurved; mericarps with 5 conspicuous ribs; canals under valleculae inconspicuous in ripe fruit, sometimes 1 narrow canal in each rib, 2 at commissure or canals obsolete; pericarp with annular sclerenchymatous tissue or paren- chymatous; albumen dorsally inflated in cross section, sloping-concave at commissure. Perennials with bipinnate leaves. Monotypic genus, in the mountains of W. Tien Shan. 1. K.turkestanica Korov. in Tr. Turkestansk. Nauchn. obshch.I (1923) bol les: Koroyvendoid.. bourne 1. Perennial; entire plant glabrous, glaucous; root thick, vertical, root neck covered with brown scale-like remnants of leaves; stems 20cm, sometimes to 40—60cm high (var. altissima Korov.), branching from base, the lower branches alternate, the upper whorled, in groups of 3, exceeding central umbel; radical leaves oblong, 5-6cm long, ca. 2cm wide, bipinnatisect, the petioles shorter than the blade, expanding at sheath, primary lobes linear, sessile, remote, terminal lobes elliptic, 2mm long, 1.5mm wide or linear (var. altissima Korov.); cauline leaves few, * After B.M.Kozo-Polyanskii, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and professor at Voronezh University, who greatly advanced the study of the Umbelliferae. 136 192 smaller, sessile on oblong sheath, uppermost with obsolete blade. Umbels of 7—18 smooth, unequal rays, considerably elongating and slightly thicken- ing in fruit; central umbel larger than the lateral; involucre 0 or of 1—4 caducous lanceolate-subulate leaflets; umbellets 15-flowered; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate-linear leaflets; all flowers in central umbel fertile, in lateral umbels either all flowers staminate or some fertile; calyx-teeth lanceolate, not hardening; petals ovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid or subprismatic, 4-5mm long, 3mm wide, 8-faceted in cross section, glabrous; mericarps with slightly protruding ribs. Fl. June, Fr. July—August. (Plate XIVa, Figure 1; Plate XV, Figure 6.) Solonetzic soil.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Talass Ala-Tau. Type in Tashkent. Genus 967. FUERNROHRIA* C. Koch C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 356; Boiss. Fl. or.II, 920 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, deeply notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, with cork-like pericarp; stylopodium short-conical; styles short, divergent; mericarps with filiform dorsal ribs and inconspicuous or protruding lateral ribs. Perennial herbaceous plant, the leaves bi- or tripinnate, with setiform lobes. Monotypic genus, endemic to the Caucasus. 1. F.setifolia C. Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 8569 IBoisSo: lil, Ores iil, P2O0s Grosser il Male. 1M lS 0 © over) ai dug iia s Shen int Ose tim Ke ol ima aid. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147.— Exs.: Pl. orient. exs. No. 163; Herb. Fl. Cauc. No. 434. Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root fusiform, 0.4—0.8cm thick; its neck covered with dark brown remains of dead leaves; stem single, erect, 25—50cm high, simple or branching above; radical leaves early withering, lanceolate, 3.5 cm long, 0.5—2 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect, on petiole nearly as long as blade; lobes setiform, 3—6mm long, with cartilagin- ous tip; cauline leaves similar to the radical, sessile on expanded sheath; upper leaves smaller, with longer lobes (to 1.5cm). Umbel 3—7cm across, of 7-13 smooth rays; involucre of 7-9 narrowly linear or subsetiform upward-pointing leaflets 7/3 to '/ the length of the rays, sometimes 3-partite; umbellets ca. 1cm across; leaflets of involucels setiform, 3—5, shorter than umbellet rays; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, deeply notched, with inward curved tip; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, iS) imaian wide; dorsal ribs filiform, sometimes indistinct, the lateral protruding; stylopodium short-conical; styles short (0.5mm long in fruit), divergent OmREGe CUE VeGan eiuuliys. (Plate XV; Fisure 7; Table XV; Eigure 4.) Mountain meadows, sometimes dampish.— Caucasus: Cisc., E. and S. Transc. Endemic. Described from Darachichag. Cotype in Leningrad. * After A.E.Fuernrohr, professor at the Regensburg Lyceum and author of the "Regensburg Flora” (born 1804, died 1861). 137 193 Genus 968. SCHRENKIA * Fisch. et Mey. Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 65.— Lipskya Nevski in Tr. Bot. inst. AN SSSR, ser.1 IV (1937) 272 Calyx of 5 lanceolate teeth, persistent in fruit; petals white, broadly ovate, hardly notched, with inward curved tip; fruit geminate, with flattened stylopodium and divergent or recurved styles; mericarps subglobose, glabrous or villous; dorsal ribs protruding or indistinct; dorsal canals absent, sometimes 4—5 very narrow canals at commissure. Perennial herbs, with bi- or tripinnate leaves. Seven species, Central Asia, SW Altai and Sinkiang. epitawolneiee OF TS Sarena Ba cae eave 5. S.vaginata (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey. ats ManOlOeIeS one WS Le ISR e es Boe a a oe 6 oy es doe" Me ooo boc 6c Siivtere 2. Fruit densely covered with long villous excrescences ....... che ee ats Fruit smooth or scabrous, withoutWong villi, Se) cayenne ee oo Ot aa 3... Fruit larce, 7mm long; 0mm wide; wmbels of 10—l5 rayce ae eee AG EONS ORO Cer Oo pee Ce en ean Peas Aten caceecae -.... 1. S.insignis Lipsky. 2k Bruits mim Jone, fmm wide; umbelleis "of lb —2 bs icanicuen ss meen ener, hd SO ROMeTTMG te Rate sotecinatem ails Ha Moke S -. 2, S.papillaris Rgl. et Schmalh. 4, Gus central flower of umbel fertile, the rest sterile; stems in lower pani densely covered with petioles of dead lle@avyes) —.. sac 6c) eeenCneene Niece e erie’ oh sist ce 61 6). Oe! oh one's) aero. ol ee tsp ch eine te 7. S.kultiassovii Korov. + ore ncaraly all Howe eSeieiet ile. 6 se. «yes ee Pacmomio ats aS) a6: siden Ole 5. Leaflets of involucre and involucels lanceolate, with broad scarious Mogicenins IGL IOGIOSS Oi wae© last O1ecleic OWES, aMUICROMAIS ocosooonn5o6 of Ovo Ovo lo co CuaHONa O aYole caslicb bb by or ctanoes 6. S.pungens Rgl. et Schmalh. ap Leaflets of involucre and involucels linear, without scarious margin; leaf lobes of last order linear a ete ee tat aoe, Ueie letter Sethe; ah ey Coane bee ON 6. Plant 15-30cm high; terminal leaf lobes 5mm long, 0.5mm wide (Syr D., Pam.-Al., T.Sh.). ...3. S.golickeana (Rgl. et Schmalh.) B. Fedtsch. + Plant 25—50cm high; terminal leaf lobes 5-10mm long, 1-2mm wide ihe. fot ahtetNs Teed cree veh et ciaet omens te ~ssese- 4. OS. InVOluCrata Nol. eLnsecmmaallige Section 1. LIPSKYA K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 73.— Genus Lipskya Nevski in Act. Inst. Bot. Ac. Sc. USSR, ser. 1, IV (1937) 272.— Fruit large, 7mm long, 10mm wide, with truncate base; commissure as long as fruit; calyx persistent in fruit. 1, S.insignis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 73.— Anidrum ims ome —Pole in irc. Bots Sada, OOCviIn(1 920) 75.— le ipsieyzal Tsay(Sy io = DSM Nevin lice ote wits. CNT SOS Is eis trl VA (1937) 272.— Perennial; root thick, its neck covered with remnants of dead leaves; entire plant smooth or scattered spiny-scabrous; stems 20—25cm high, erect, deeply sulcate, branching; radical leaves on long petioles expanding to broad sheath, their blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatisect; * After A.I.Shrenk who made extensive collections on four expeditions to Central Asia (1840-1843). These are now housed in the V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 138 195 lobes of the last order lanceolate, with few acute teeth or pinnatifid; upper leaves smaller, less dissected. Umbels of 10—15 unequal, 2-7 cm long, acutely faceted rays; involucre multifoliate, of lanceolate-linear, entire or elongate, pinnatisect, sometimes dentate leaflets; involucels of many lanceolate, entire leaflets with scabrous margins; umbels with sessile pistillate central flower and staminate marginal flowers, on rather long pedicels; calyx-teeth lanceolate, large, subulate, persistent in fruit; fruit geminate, 7mm long, 10mm wide, slightly laterally compressed; mericarps subglobose, covered with villi, with 3 dorsally protruding ribs; canals 0; carpophore not splitting; stylopodium flattened; styles recurved. May. Herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Yakkabag (W. Bukhara). Type in Leningrad. Section 2. EU-SCHRENKIA K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 75.— Fruit cordate, deeply notched at base; mericarps touching only at tip; height of commissure nearly half its diameter, "/4—"/ the height of the fruit; lateral ribs arcuate. Series 1. Papillares K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147 and in Fl. Az. Ross. XV, 75.— Fruit covered with papilliform excrescences, verrucose, or scabrous from soft villi. Umbellets of main umbel with 1 or 2 rows of staminate flowers surrounding bisexual and pistillate ones. Lateral umbels predominantly staminate, rarely with few pistillate flowers. 2. S.papillaris Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada V, 2 (1878) 608. — Sch.ugamica Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 14.- Anidrum papillare K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147 and in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 78. Perennial; root thick (to 3cm), multicipital above, covered with dark brown, longitudinally splitting remnants of sheaths; stemsfew, 20—40cm high, branching, obtusely ribbed, glabrous; leaves oblong, 12—25cm long, 2—5 cm wide, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; terminal lobes acute or mucro- nate, 2-5 mm long, 0.3-—0.7mm wide; petioles abruptly expanding at base, more or less inflated amplexicaul sheath. Umbels 3-5cm across, of 15-25 scabrous, unequal, ribbed rays; involucre of many linear, recurved, entire or pinnate leaflets, becoming deciduous in fruit; involucels of 7—9 narrowly linear, sometimes subfiliform, thinly acuminate leaflets nearly as long as rays; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, small; petals broadly elliptic, 2mm long, tapering at base to short claw, notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical; styles recurved, longer than stylopodium; fruit geminate, 6-7mm wide, 5mm high; mericarps sub- globose, densely covered with long villi. Fr. July. Stony slopes and red sandstones.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Boroldai. Type in Leningrad. 139 196 3. S.golickeana (Rgl. et Schmalh.) B. Fedtsch. in O. and B. Fedtsh. i Perechen' rast. Turkest.III (1909) 125.— Sch. syrdarjensis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 160, p.p.— Sch. involucrata ele Schimalhe in wack Botensadasiver (1878). G06) ext pyloric Mi atalsie Wel wilted Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 15.-— Daucus goliokeanus Rgl. et Schmalh., ibid. 599.— Anidrum golickeanum K.-Pol. in Bull. Soe. Nat. Moses NS: XXIx/ (1915) 147. Kozo-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 75.- Bifora golickeana K3-Pol-n in Bull.Soe: Nat. Mose: N.S: XxXiX1(1915) 147, imjadn. == Baca ep Eye. Wi INO toe = Perennial; stems erect, 15-30cm high, branching from base or middle, cylindrical, strongly ribbed, with glabrous or finely scabrous ribs; cauline leaves oblong, bi- or tripinnatisect, the short petiole expanded to amplexicaul sheath; terminal lobes narrowly linear, to 5mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide, with short mucro. Umbels of 15-20 unequal, scabrous rays; involucre multi- foliate, of 10—12 unequal, linear-lanceolate, usually recurved, entire or pinnatisect leaflets shorter than umbel rays; involucels of many linear- subulate, entire leaflets nearly as long as or longer than the thinly pubescent peduncles, rarely leaflets with denticulate apex; calyx-teeth rather large, lanceolate, acuminate; petals white, rounded-obovate, with inward curved tip; stylopodium pyramidal-conical at base; styles with capitate stigma erect, becoming divergent, longer than stylopodium; fruit with prominent ribs furnished with spines when young, later entirely glabrous. May—June. Pebbly and steppe slopes, rarely among crops.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Syr D., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Syr Darya after collections of Golick. Type in Leningrad. 4, S.involucrata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 606, p-p-— Sch. songarica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 163.— ?Sch.vaginata Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 336,ex p.— Anidrum involu- cratum K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 83. Perennial; stem rather thick (0.5—0.8 em), 25—50cm high, ribbed, with scabrous ribs, branching from base, the branches alternate below, whorled above; radical leaves not known; cauline leaves broadly ovate, sessile on strongly expanding, inflated sheaths, bi- or nearly tripinnate, smooth; terminal lobes 3-10mm long, 1—2mm wide, with very Short mucro. Umbels of 10—20 unequal, scabrous rays thickening in fruit; involucre of 7—10 linear recurved or prostrate, acuminate leaflets, shorter than rays; in- volucels of 7—8 linear upright acute leaflets nearly as long as or much shorter than the smooth umbel rays, rays thickening in fruit; fruit geminate, 3mm long, 4mm wide, scabrous, cylindric all=ribbed.)) shires lunes Dry slopes.— Centr. Asia: Balkh. (Lake Balkhash, Khantau). Endemic. Described from the Khantau River valley. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Dyctiariae K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXIX (1915) 147.= Fruit smooth or wrinkled. Usually all flowers fertile. 5. S.vaginata (Ldb.) Fisch. et Mey. in Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 65; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 366; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VII, 2031.— Cachrys vaginata Ldb. Fl. alt.I (1829) 366.- Anidrum vaginatum K.-Pol. 140 FAB TIe MSoC ou UNate Vins cH le SHExetine (119 5) P14 ta ozos Pol nin Elke Az, Ross. XV, 80.— Ic.: Ldb. Ic. pl. Ross.I, tab. 9.— Exs.: Bornm. Pl. turkest. exs. a. 1913, No. 369, 433. Perennial; root vertical, ca. lcm across, its neck covered with remnants of stiff wide dead sheaths, branching from middle or base, lower branches alternate, the upper whorled or opposite; radical leaves numerous, stiff, oblong, 5-18 cm long, 1.5—-3cm wide, bipinnate, with opposite sessile lobes; petiole 1-3cm; secondary lobes deeply dissected into ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, subulate-acuminate lobules, 1-5 mm long, 0.5-—1.5mm wide; 197 upper cauline leaves smaller, less dissected, sessile on short oblong sheaths. 198 Umbels 5—10cm across, of 10—20 irregular smooth rays; general involucre 0; umbellets many-flowered, ca. 1cm across; pedicels unequal, median flowers sometimes subsessile; involucels of 8—10 linear-lanceolate, finely acuminate leaflets with white-scarious margins, 1-4mm long; petals rounded-ovate, hardly notched, with narrow inward curved point; fruit geminate, ca. 3mm long, 4mm wide, smooth, with many brownish longi- tudinal striae. May. Stony steppes, pebbly slopes. — W. Siberia: Alt. (Kaldzhir River basin); Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb., T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from Dolenkar Mountain. Type in Leningrad. 6. S.pungens Rgl. et Schm. in Tr. BRO, Saca, Wy 2 (1878) SO%o— Sela syrdarjensis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII (1904) 160 p.p.— Anid- rum pungens K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1915) 147.— A.vaginatum 8 pungens K.-Pol. in Fl. Az. Ross. XV (1920) 82.— Perennial; root thick, multicipital, some reduced stems densely covered with remnants of wide stiff violet sheaths; stems simple or branching, 14—17cm high, glabrous, obtusely ribbed; leaves glaucescent, narrowly oblong, 5—7cm long, 1-2 cm wide, bipinnate with remote primary lobes and thickened broad rhachis; lobes of the last order lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, acute, 1.5-4mm long, 1—-1.5mm wide; petioles passing abruptly into broad sheaths. Umbels 3—6cm across, of 11—16 smooth rays; involucre of 7—10 lanceolate-linear, usually reflexed leaflets with slightly scabrous margins; umbellets with few or many fertile rays; leaflets of involucels linear, lanceolate, with whitish, slightly scabrous margins, usually reflexed; fruit geminate, 4-5mm wide, 2.0mm high; mericarps subglobose. June. Pebbly slopes.— Centr. Asia: Syr D., Pam.-Al. Guys, its Sing Wo) Endemic. Described from Kara-Tau. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Kultiassoviae Schischk.— Fruit smooth. Umbels with only 1 fertile flower. 7, S.kultiassovii Korov. in Schedis ad Herb. Fl. As. Med.II (1924) 22e—ebixcioce ele, Bi Ae Mie NOsa.Gre Woody perennial, branching at base; shoots numerous, reduced, herbaceous, sterile or fertile, 15—20cm high, erect, obtusely ribbed, glabrous, densely covered with brown, subulate, suberect petioles of dead leaves; leaves oblong, ca. 10cm long, 3—3.5cm wide, glaucescent, 141 (199) PLATE XV. Transverse section of mericarps (scheme): 1 — Krasnovia longiloba (Kar. et Kir). M.Pop.; 2—Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Bess.) K-Pol.; 3—Grammosciadium daucoides DC.; 4—Albertia paleacea Rgl. et Schmalh.; 5 — Schtschurovskia meifolia Rgl. et Schmalh.; 6 —Kosopoljanskia turkestanica Korov.; 7— Fuernrohria setifolia C.Koch.— 8—Danaa denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk.: 9 —Korshinskya olgae (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Lipsky.; 10 —~Hymenolaena pimpinellifolia Rupr.; 11 —Eleutherospermum cicutarium (M.B.) Boiss; 12 -Aulacospermum simplex Rupr.; 183 —Cnidium dahuricum (Jacq.) Turez.; 14 — Aulacospermum darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk.; 15 -Aulacospermum anomalum Ldb.; 16—Trachydium kopetdaghense Korov. 142 201 bipinnatisect; primary lobes remote, the secondary pinnatsect into lanceolate-linear or linear-acuminate lobules, 1-2mm long; petioles short, passing to lanceolate or amplexicaul sheaths. Central umbel larger than the lateral, of 7—11 slightly scabrous or glabrous rays; involucre of 1—6 re- flexed subulate, caducous leaflets with nearly spinose tip; umbellets with single fertile flower; involucels of 6—8 linear-subulate, appressed or prostrate persistentleaflets with scabrous margins; sepals lanceolate, persistent; petals ovate, notched, with obtuse inward curved tip; fruit geminate, 6.5—-7mm wide, 3.5-4mm high; mericarps subglobose, with prominent irregularly arranged ribs; stylopodium conical, tapering to elongate style. July. Stony mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Duany-Tau Mountains. Type in Tashkent. Genus 969. BIFORA* Hoffm. Hoffm. Umbell. Gen. ed.2 (1816) 191.— Biformis Spreng. Anleit.II, 1 (1817) 635.- Atrema DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 71.— Corion Hoffmgg. et Link, Fl. Port.II (1820) 450.- Anidrum Neck. Elem.I (1790) 188,nom. rejic. Flowers bisexual and staminate, in all umbels; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals similar or the peripheral elongate, white, obcordate, with inward curved lobe; fruit geminate, 2 times as wide as high, markedly constricted at commissure, separating into two subglobose, more or less tuberculate- rugose or dotted mericarps; 5 main ribs seen as bands; pericarp with woody median layer, parenchymatous only in upper part, near commissure; in ripe fruit canals obliterated; stylopodium conical; albumen strongly curved. Annual glabrous herbs, leaves bi- or tripinnate with pungent odor, lobes linear. Two species, of the Mediterranean floristic region. 1. Umbels of 2-3 rays; petals 0.75cm long; fruit very wrinkled; styles OeAtmama Tome Ps? ey gk eines, eke 1, B.testiculata (L.) DC. a3 Umbels of 3—8 rays; nerale to 3mm long; fruit slightly wrinkled; Silos ogi Z saouse, Mowaver, Wit 4 61o.6.6.0 4.06 016 Gro oc 2. B.radians M.B. Section 1. EUBIFORA (Calest.) Schischk.— Genus Anidrum sect. Eubifora Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 273.— Umbels of 2—3 rays; fruit very wrinkled, truncate; styles nearly as long as stylopodium. 1. B.testiculata (L.) DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 249; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 921; Grosses Kays IMeeES oO) i Beadico ce clan Hotinay Wmabellmmediana (1816) 192.— B.flosculosa M.B. FI. taur.-cauc. III (1819) 234.- B.testi- cularis Bub. Fl. Pyren.II (1900) 417.- Coriandrum testiculatum espe ple i753) 256.) 2 di diy mi tmastokes) BotgiViat-.ivlieida tl: (1812) Pie vesitac ullade) Saldisbseerodi- (17916) 1665-13 iomomeiis s flkorst— Cuiloisaisprencs. Anlleitali i (hel) 6354 —B te sitieulatalsprens.n lac. * From the Latin biforis — two-doored (bis — twice, foris — door),in referring to two perforations in the pericarp, near the commissure. 143 202 (1817).— Corion testiculatum Hofmgg. et Link, Fl. Port. II (1820) 457.— Anidrum testiculatum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. (1891) 264. — A.flosculosum Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) Zise— lew Bedehasand Fler., Fl. Evrop. Ross. 681. Annual; plant entirely glabrous; stems 10—25cm high, angular, branching from base or only above; radical and lower cauline leaves on more or less long petioles with sheaths, blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 3-4cm long, 1.5— 2cm wide, bipinnatisect; primary lobes broadly ovate, short-petioled, pinnatifid into ovate-cuneate dentate lobules; median and upper leaves with narrow linear acute lobes. Umbels of 2-3, 5-7mm long smooth rays; involucre and involucels l-leaved or absent; umbellets of 2—3 fertile flowers; petals white, 0.75mm long; fruit geminate, 2.5mm long, 5mm wide, notched at base, very wrinkled; stylopodium short-conical; styles very short. April. (Plate XVII, Figure 3.) Among crops.— Caucasus: Dag., E.Transc. (former Karyagino District [now Fizuli]) Tal.; Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (introduced?). Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min. Described from S.Europe. Type in London. Section 2. ASTROBIFORA (Calest.) Schischk.— Genus Anidrum sect. Astrobifora Calest. in Webbia, I (1905) 2t3.— Umbels of 3>8 gays fruit slightly wrinkled; styles nearly 10 times as long as stylopodium. Zo breadians Vai. iis taum—cawes Il (1819) 23/330 lidbe, eit. Rosspalle 36a; 9 BoOIsse lor. L19225 Shnraltoy, Fl. 429) Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, [39 Organ ¢ tum) testi culatu may i. Sp. spl eda2.( LiG2)el44 oem C.radians Prantl, Exkursionfl. Bayern (1884) 292.— Biforis testi- culata Roth, Enum. Pl. Phanerog. Germ.I (1827) 888, nec Spreng. — Anidrum radians O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. (1891) 274; Kozo-Pol. in Fl. NZ EROS SOV olen) wechigamlicn Hie Gerimem SOweulbah sa Ocan Annual; root thin, fusiform; stem 25—60cm high, simple, sulcate, branching nearly from base, stems and leaves glabrous; leaves bi- or tripinnate, the lower sometimes pinnate, with linear, entire, acute, lobes; upper leaves sessile on expanded sheaths, with filiform or capilliform lobes. Umbels of 3—8 thin, to 2.6cm long rays; involucre 0 or 1-leaved; umbellets 7—9-flowered, peripheral flowers bisexual, with expanded petals, the inner staminate, somewhat smaller, with nearly equal petals; petals white, the peripheral 2-4mm long; involucels one-sided, with 2—3 subulate- filiform leaflets; fruit ca. 3mm long, 6mm wide, very thinly granularly wrinkled, notched at base and summit; stylopodium nearly obliterated in ripe fruit; styles filiform, ca. 1.5mm long (half the diameter of the meri- carp), simple at first, becoming appressed to fruit; stigma capitate. May— June. (Plate XVII, Figure 2.) Fields, gardens, vineyards.— European part: Crim., Bl., U. Dns.; Caucasus: Dag., E.,W. and W.Transc. Gen. distr.: Med., As. Min. (Artvin and others), Iran.; introduced in Centr. Eur. and N.Am. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Tribe 4. SMYRNIEAE Koch, Umbell. (1824) 133.— Flowers bisexual: calyx-teeth obsolete or very small; petals often clawed; stylopodium 144 B2.03 204 short-conical or flat or broadly inflated; fruit cylindrical, often compressed laterally; primary ribs 5 per mericarp, filiform, protruding or narrowly winged; fruit often constricted at commissure, sometimes nearly geminate; canals encircling seed or 1—4 in valleculae; albumen crescent-shaped or horseshoe-shaped in cross section with more or less deep furrow; pericarp usually smooth; crystals absent near commissure. Genus 970. ASTOMATOPSIS* Korov. Korov. in Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 29 Flowers polygamous; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals white, elliptic, with constricted inward curved tip; stylopodium appressed-conical; fruit geminate; mericarps curved, constricted at commissure, with obscure or filiform ribs; canals numerous, obliterated in fruit; carpophore aborted; pericarp thin, coriaceous; albumen concave at commissure. Perennial herbs with deeply buried tuber, and tripinnate or biternate leaves. One species, in W. Pamir-Alai. 1. A. galiocarpa Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 30. Perennial; tuber subglobose, 0.8cm across, 0.5—3 cm below the surface; stem single, 10—20cm high, glabrous, branching or nearly simple; radical leaves solitary, the thin petiole longer than blade, blade nearly bipinnatisect, ovate, 2.5cm long, 1.5cm wide, with few oblong lobes 6—10mm long, ca. 2mm wide, acute and glabrous above; cauline leaves few, the lower nearly simple-pinnate, their petioles gradually expanding into oblong scarious sheath; upper leaves sessile on sheath, cut nearly to base into narrow lanceolate or linear, acute lobes. Umbels of 2—5 nearly uniformly thin short glabrous rays, elongating in fruit, umbels 1.5—2cm long in flower, to 6cm in fruit; involucre 0, or of 2—3 filiform or narrowly lanceolate leaf- lets sometimes exceeding umbellets; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals white, obcordate, ca. 1mm long, with shallow or deep notch, tapering to short claw; stamens curved or suberect, ites to 2 times as long as petals; anthers small, ovoid, white; unripe fruit glabrous, obscurely geminate, 1.5mm long, 2mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; style recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. July—August. Pebbly and stony slopes in alpine zone.— Centr. Asia: Pans Endemic. Described from Tupalang River valley on Gissar Range. Type in Tashkent. * Derived from Astoma, another genus of the family, and the Greek opsis — appearance. 145 205 Genus 971.* SCALIGERIA ** DC. DC. Coll. Mém.V (1829) 70 Flowers bisexual; calyx edentate; petals white, rarely slightly violet, equal, obovate, concave along midrib, without distinct claw, notched or incised, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium more or less conical or disciformly flattened; styles short, curved; fruit globose to cylindrical, without distinct ribs; commissure narrow; resinous canals 1 per vallecula, large, sometimes 3—5—6, in the latter case narrow, interrupted, sometimes obliterated in ripe fruit; carpophore split above, pericarp thin, without stereomes, Close to ribs with outer layer of radially elongated transparent cells; albumen of seed flat or concave inside, rarely more or less fur- rowed. Annual, 1-, rarely 2-stalked, monocarpic herbs, with hypocotyl tuber at ground level; umbels with involucre and involucel; embryo with 2 cotyledons. Twenty-two species inthe Mediterranean area, from Asia Minor to Tarbaga- tai in Central Asia. Many of the species grow in the USSR. Most of the Central Asian species grow in the southern provinces. S.setacea (Schrenk) Koroy. alone extends northwards, to the western spurs of Tarbagatai, where it often forms thickets in the mountainous parts, from the low foothills right up to the subalpine belt. Economic significance. S. allioides (Larin) is mentioned in the literature for its food value. In this respect S.alaica and S.hirtula are also valuable. S.allioides was found to contain to 0.11%, and S.hirtula to 0.19% essential oils of unknown composition (Kudryashev). Note. Experiments with many of the Central Asian species, carried out in Tashkent, have shown good germination and acclimatization. Moisture was found to affect growth. When favorable, the plants develop as biennials; when not their life-cycle lasts from 3—5 years. Both in cultivation and in nature the leaves shed quickly. Though their practical value has been little studied, species of Scali- geria,especially S.tschimganica (umbels), are worthy of attention as sources of essential oil, starch and food, and as ornamentals. Because of their high adaptability all members of the genus are recommended for artificial grass reseeding in arid areas by seeds or annual tubers (fall sowing). 1. Fruit rounded when viewed laterally or more or less ovoid....... 2. Hust Knesr when viewed laterally: numielis.acclllla av) lal Bs) eikoh crkedte: vo Rogen hee (cigs io rot Kpucw cian va hohe were ~see-, 18. Sitschimpganica Koro. A A AE SUE OU IOS Cs hal cm, e.8, cate ee Cue none hae a ay Ree 2+ 2 shcieeuem eee 3. ae ee ICEDLE OW ONG ater ionig rats eaty cine tet crore orate Sse @ Siabe es Mee ene ee i.e, ah eunOke 3. Umbels many-rayed (25-28); leaflets of involucels broadly lnaeeclens or oval; petals nearly Mat 2. a. «oe os ae Los, SapOly canescens + Umbels of 2-8 rays; leaflets of involucels lanceolate or oblong ... 4. a Umbels or 2—5 rays (Pame-Ale) 2 eo. oeee. 2. S. buchariea Koray * Treatment by E.P.Korovin, ** After J.C.Scaliger (1484-1558), physician and teacher in Agen, France, an interpreter of the works of Theophrastus and Aristotle regarding plants. 146 206 16. Umbels of 5-8 rays (Kopet-Dagh) .-- +++ +eee seer reece Be Me Be Sek TNL oS). a 2. §.kopetdaghensis (Korov.) Schischk. Leaflets of involucels oval or oblong-oval, concave .-++-+--. Bene an Oe Leaflets of involucels narrower lanceolate to Seimei “od 60 a0 0 8. Fruit scabrous, covered with short papillae, fertile umbels compact; aulbyare) Gyelvesqieell S Gus og .a0G) 0 de lc S. allioides* (Rgl. et Schm.) Boiss. HU GIMOO Lh Hees weenie etl (© tier je/eeltah «>, «vy olvsiys) rene RAPT Sts POMPSEAE St oro ese)! is Umbels in corymbiform branches; tuber oblong -«+++++-+++::s Th (ole Mad We: BELT May SUPREME EAE ae 12. S.glaucescens (Dc.) Boiss. Umbels in paniculate branches; tuber Wali sag ban cond op oO 30 MRSA WED be ai tear tae (ee ay tS oer ew iie doletre ee eG Splat yoly lia: oro. Stems distinctly inflated at nodes; ovary distinctly ribbed 5 Hua eee steel Roauen oy -owleursipioniecOpsets 54 saua tery chieumets 3. S.lipskyi Korov. Stems more or less cylindrical, not inflatedsat modes! «ls leieikeetlue 2. Leaves manifoldly dissected into filiform or narrowly linear lobes We pe Ve acia as ue ORG AAAS INS ape eann ner ouek lem ono Myc s onCke aU Terminal lobes, especially of radical leaves, oval or more or less lanceolate, incised or dentate ..-+s++seseseeeeee> ae eee 13 Tuber cylindrical; stem more than 1m tall; fruit up to 3.2mm ISTE CM. of Br Geto Oat 6S, GORGES: a elon oe Me .2uoqonucanarical Koro. Tuber ovoid or spherical; stem not exceeding OW aa 1559 5 7) Me Fg ood Branches corymbiform; leaflets of involucres and involucels resembling bristles ...-++++++-+2e:s 19. S.setacea (Schrenk) Korov. Branches paniculate; leaflets of involucres and involucels laimeeolaike 64566656500 676015 5.515 Ga) O10 BP Aerio Mon shite ycs a Mes oko Cho Ag Rays of umbels numerous (10-15); leaves dissected, sections 3— 7mm long; tuber spherical .....--- 7, S.alaica (Lipsky) Korov. Rays of umbels few (3—5); terminal sections of leaves ‘hs of their length; tuber more or less oblong -.+-+-+-+--> 9, S.korovinii Bobr. Umbels on corymbiform branches; umbel rays nearly equal.... 14. Branches paniculate; umbel rays of unequal length ...-.--+--s Ls Stem hollow, smooth, with glaucous bloom; leaves thrice dissected into linear-lanceolate sections ...-....- 105. S.ferganensis Lipsky. Stems not hollow, distinctly sulcate-ribbed; leaves of a different shape TERS. x PINE Dm eS STIS MR Nhe Weide. fo andcM tag's Wadhefa'eme yo ewtehtermeraamieize IB Plant 40—50cm high, sometimes scabrous from short hairs; lower leaves pinatisect into oval, incised-dentate sections; umbel rays 3-—5cm long; tall plants of the foothills A ious anu Sistine caus esis yO saeimaite Bee NE YS it Uh ca eh ict _.... 14. S.hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky. Plant 30—40cm high; leaves bipinnatisect into lanceolate, trifid sections: umbel rays 2-4 cm long «6% + «= + + ee 2 ee ee =o 6 LO. Flowers white; stems sulcate; umbels with spreading rays; re- sinous canals numerous, narrow, persistent in ripe fruit; plants of Ghiwy, Sicualchy Nous yO GN C7D OIE GS Toi5 0 1D)5 DIG OAc 17. S.transcaspica Korov. Flowers faintly purple turning white; stems smooth below, slightly sulcate above, umbels with declinate rays; canals in pericarp inconspicuous; plants of high mountain belt ..-2-22e+eeeeceses nek EA A he gtk reac Gah ite TEMA aoe Pode ye 16. S.korshinskyi (Lipsky) Korov. * In the mountains of Kara-Tau there occurs S.karavatica, closely related to S.allioides, from which it differs by a lobate tuber, 2—3 stems, and a more xeromorphous habit. As no specimens are available it has not been included here. 147 ie SLyhopodmum| Conical, naa sSivices: | wsweacelsmwee 2 ofa See have egelae cl veteMs Lom a Stylopodium flattened-conical; each furrow with 3 equal canals; leaves pinnatisect into narrowly lanceolate, partite sections 207 aluperbenieihomel ee na Celio email utet Isaieiasuets oes eee se ee LO. S.Samarkandiea Korov. 18. Leaves pinnatisect into small, cylindrical, acutely toothed sections; umbels 10-flowered; fruit distinctly compressed dorsally, gray; each furrow with 3—4, unequal resinous canals OOM OPO core faa ob sjileh eich oulehheure Netke se ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ©64. S.knorringiana Korov. ais Leaves bipinnatisect into small, oblong-lanceolate, 2—3-lobed sections; umbels 20-flowered; fruit cylindrical, brown; each furrow with numerous narrow, resinous canals. ..5. S.conica Korov. Subgenus 1. Eueleosticta Korov.— Seeds flat or concave inside. Section 1. PANICULATAE Korov.— Umbels on paniculate branches. 1. S.bucharica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Fl. Bot. Sacee We iL. 5 (1924) 79; in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 32.— Ic.: loc. (1928) tabl.1, Figure 2. Perennial; smooth glaucescent plant, with ovoid, turnip-shaped root; stem to 80cm tall, whitish, thinly sulcate, branching from middle to form spreading panicle of thin leafless branches; cauline leaves with amplexicaul petioles; blade tripinnatisect into short-petiolate sections pinnatipartite in turn into broadly linear, acuminate lobes; upper leaves with lanceolate- subulate sheath; umbels 2—7cm across, of 3—9 spreading, unequal rays; leaflets of involucre 2—5, short, lanceolate-linear, unequal; umbellets 5— 10-flowered, involucel often of 5 unequal leaflets; petals 1mm long, elliptic, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit globular, geminate, 1.6mm across; mericarps subrounded in cross section, smooth, with rather broad commissure; 3 resinous canals occupying each furrow, 4 broad canals at commissure. June—July. Grows on loose weathering products of gypsiferous sandstones, in lower mountain belt, dry slopes in higher belts.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Shugnan, Gissar Range, Babatag Mountains). Endemic. Described from Babatag Mountains. Type in Leningrad. 2. S. kopetdaghensis (Korov.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Physospermum kopetdaghense Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Fl. Bot. Sada, V (1924) 84, — Exs.: P.Sintenis, Iter transcasp.-pers. 1900—1901, No. 572. Perennial; root thickened, tuberiform, ovoid, its neck covered with dark brown fibrous leaf-remnants; stem single, 50-100 cm high, erect, sulcate, 208 branching nearly from base, glabrous, often faintly violet; radical leaves early withering, glabrous, petioles long sheathing, nearly tripinnatisect, triangular-ovate, 5-9cm long, 4-8cm wide; primary lobes petioled, secondary sessile, ovate, dissected into oblong rounded lobules; cauline leaves crowded below, similar to radical but smaller. Umbels 1.5—6cm across, of 5—7unequal, glabrous acutely ribbed rays; umbellets 9—11- flowered; involucre of 5 oblong-lanceolate leaflets with narrow scarious 148 209 margins, acute, erect, ‘ to */5 the length of the rays; involucels of 5 leaflets similar to those of involucre; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly ovate, not notched; fruit geminate, smooth, 1.5mm long, 2mm wide, with filiform ribs; stylopodium short-conical; styles divergent, longer than stylopodium. May—June. (Plate XXXIV, Figure i105) Dry slopes, near cliffs at 2,100m.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Endemic. Described from Kopet Dagh Range. Type in Leningrad. 3. S.lipskyi Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 34. 1e.:) ibid, tabl. wy tig. 7. Perennial; glabrous glaucescent plant; stem nearly 1m high, branching from base to produce broad spreading panicle, sulcate, slightly thickened at nodes; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, ca. 25cm long, like cauline leaves stiff when dry, tripinnatisect into sessile sections, the terminal broadly oval, nearly palmately divided into narrow linear spreading lobules 2.5mm long, 0.5mm wide; blade of upper leaves obsolete, lobes slightly longer than blade. Umbels of 1—3 unequal 3—35mm rays; umbellets dense, 15(10) flowered; leaflets of involucre 3, short-lanceolate; leaflets of involucels 5, oblong-lanceolate, nearly as long as umbellets; petals ovate, with curved tip; ovary oblong, with flattened-conical stylopodium; unripe mericarps distinctly ribbed; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula variously developed. July. Stony slopes and primary products of their weathering in lower belt. — Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from Badkhyz. Type in Leningrad. 4, S.knorringiana Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 35.—Ic.: Ibid., tabl. I, fig. 6. Perennial; glaucescent, glabrous plant ca. 1m high; tuber ovoid; stem erect, twice-thrice paniculately branching above middle, obscurely sulcate; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, to 15cm long, 4em wide, stiff when dry, pinnatisect, their primary segments opposite, sessile, pinnatisect into rounded, acutely toothed, ca. 3mm wide lobules; blade of median leaves broader, thinner, upper leaves reduced to short lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 6—11, approximate, unequal rays to 3cm long; umbellets 11—12-flowered, with 5 recurved leaflets; leaflets of involucre 5, lanceolate, obtuse; petals 1.5mm long, concave along midrib, notched, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium conical, with undulant base; fruit oblong-ovoid, slightly compressed dorsally, gray, 2.7mm long, 1.5mm wide; mericarps smooth, with narrow commissure; resinous canals variously developed, 3—4 in each vallecula, 6 towards commissure; pericarps with thick outer layer of elongate radial cells. June—July. Dry clayey hills with gypsiferous serozems and pistachio thickets. — Genie. Asiacwnoyaice (eastern half of Fergana Valley), Pam.-Al. (Alai Valley, Pamir?). Endemic. Described from Fergana. Type in Tashkent. 5. S.conica Korov. comb. nov.— Elaeosticta conica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 31. Perennial; plant to 1m high, pale green, subglabrous, with spherical tuber; stem thin, sulcate, twice branching from middle or higher, lower 149 branches alternate, the upper opposite; leaves rachis with scabrous margin; radical leaves on long petioles expanding below, their blade subrhombic, primary sections bipinnatisect into small, 2mm long, oblong-lanceolate 2—3-lobate sections, lobes mucronate; cauline leaves reduced, the upper represented by short sheaths. Umbels of 6-10 spreading, 5—-20mm rays; leaflets of involucre 5, oblong, with parallel nerves; umbellets 20-flowered; involucels of 8-10, oblong-oval, slightly violet leaflets; petals 0.8mm long, with acuminate inward tip; stylopodium conical; fruit oblong-ovoid, brown, obscurely ribbed, 2.7mm long; mericarps subcircular; resinous canals narrow, numerous in valleculae; seeds concave. May—June. Slopes of loose weathered gypsiferous rocks.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (western spurs of Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Guzar. Type in Tashkent. 210 6. S.platyphylla Korov. in Addenda XV, 426. Perennial; glaucescent, slightly scabrous plant; root ovoid, ca. 5mm across; stem 50cm high, cylindrical, sulcate, thrice branching below middle to produce dense, oval panicle; leaves almost entirely glabrous; petioles of radical leaves expanding at base; cauline leaves sessile, with short triangular sheaths, tripinnatisect into Slightly scabrous, 5mm long filiform sections; terminal leaves and leaves on branches reduced to short, oval-lanceolate, acute sheaths with membranous margins. Umbels numerous on tips of branches and laterally on secondary branches, very short-peduncled, umbels of 5—7 thin, unequal, 5-—15mm rays; involucre of °o oblong, 3-nerved, almost entirely membranous leaflets; umbellets 10- flowered, involucels of 5—6 membranous, oblong-oval, 3-nerved leaflets as long as pedicels, drooping when ripe; calyx without teeth; stylopodium conical, acuminate; style shorter than stylopodium; fruit oblong-oval in profile about as long as peduncle, light brown, 2.5mm long; mericarps shiny, rugulose, slightly compressed dorsally without distinct ribs; resinous canals very narrow, 3 between ribs, 6 towards commissure side. Fr. June. Slopes, among pistachio.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Endemic. Described from Kushka area. Type in Ashkhabad. 7. S.alaica (Lipsky) Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 39.—- Carum alaicum Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII (1904) 127.— Bunium alaicum Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr.IV, 228 (1927) 208. — Ic.: Korov., ibid., tabl.1, fig. 3. Perennial; plant to 80cm high, entirely glabrous; tuber spherical, ca. 10mm across; stem with whitish stripes, paniculately branching nearly from middle, branches mostly simple, rarely with short lateral branches; radical leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, thin, repeatedly 3- to 4- pinnatisect into straight filiform, to 7mm long sections; cauline leaves wider, the upper reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels slightly compressed, often of 10-12 unequal rays to 20mm long; leaflets of involucre 5—8, linear-lanceolate; umbellets 15-flowered, involucel of 10 short leaflets; petals 1mm long, obovate, notched, concave at midrib with curved tip, Slightly violet becoming white; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit oblong- 211 ovoid, 2.5mm long, 1.2mm wide, without distinct ribs but mericarps prominently 5-angled dorsally; resinous canals inconspicuous in ripe fruit. June—July. 150 Mountains of steppe and meadow-steppe belt, herbaceous slopes, soft soils, 1,200 to 2,300m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Chatkal Ala-Tau, Kirghiz Ala-Tau, eastern part of Terskei-Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Alai Range, Karategin). Endemic. Described from Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is not constant throughout its wide distribution area. A form from Karategin with many-rayed umbels — var. multi- radiata Korov.(ibid.) — should be separated. 8. S.ugamica Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada, V, 5 (1924) 6; in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 42.— Ic.: ibid. (1928) Paolegieeinicia 4: Piss a bia BY. AVE NOm coi. Perennial; glaucescent entirely glabrous plant exceeding 1m, with cylindrical tuber; stem sulcate, repeatedly branching above middle to produce spreading panicle; radical leaves with long petioles expanding to sheath; blade oblong-oval, of several divergent sections, the terminal palmatissect into filiform to 5mm long, soft, early withering lobes; cauline leaves simple, their sections broader; upper leaves reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 4—9 unequal, divaricate 1-4cm rays, sometimes contracted (var. constricta Korov., ibid.); involucre of 5 short lanceo- late leaflets; petals broadly obovate, 1mm long, deeply notched, with short, acute inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit broadly obovoid, smooth, 3.2mm long, 3mm wide; mericarps linear in dorsal view; resinous canals narrow, numerous in valleculae and toward commissure; seeds with 2 deep furrows toward commissure. July—August. Nut forests, on soft, rich brown soils, 1,300—1,450m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Chatkal Ala-Tau), Syr D. (Fergana Valley). Endemic. Described from Ugam Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. A very close, inadequately studied species is S. kuramensis Korov. described from Angren (Elaeosticta kuramensis Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. AN UZzSSR, XII (1948) 31), differing by wider leaf lobes. This is only known in its vegetative state. 9. S.korovinii Bobr. in Addenda XV, 427. Perennial; pale green plant to 45cm high, entirely glabrous, with oblong- ovoid tuber; stem thinly sulcate, twice branching nearly from base to produce spreading panicle; leaves glaucescent, sometimes slightly violet, oblong, lower leaves on short petioles abruptly expanding at base, bipinna- tisect into small, 1.5mm long, linear-lanceolate, 3-partite sections; blade of cauline leaves markedly reduced, the upper leaves represented by narrow sheaths. Umbels of 3—5 unequal rays to 30mm long; involucre of 3—5 short lanceolate leaflets; umbellets 10-flowered; leaflets of involucels lanceolate, half the length of the umbellets; petals 1.4mm long, obovate, with acuminate inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; ovary oblong, tapering at base; resinous canals numerous, narrow; fruit unknown. June—July. Steppes and stony slopes in steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Greater Balkhan Range). Endemic. Described from Greater Balkhan Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. Very close to S.elata Boiss. et Hausskn. (from SW Iran), which constitutes together with the preceding two species a continuous complex cycle. 15] ZS) 10. S.samarkandica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) SAC. eides tale ubict,. Perennial; pale green, nearly entirely glabrous plant, with spherical tuber; stem 60—70cm high, slightly sulcate, twice-thrice branching from middle up to produce a panicle with reduced branches; radical leaves long- petiolate, sparsely tripinnatisect into oblong-lanceolate or oblong sections divided into short, narrow, lanceolate, lobules; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, lobules more elongate, upper leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbels 15-flowered, involucel of broadly lanceolate leaflets half the length of the pedicels; petals oval, 1mm long, slightly notched, with short inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; ovary broadly ovoid; mericarps subcircular in cross section; resinous canals 3 in valleculae. May—June. Lower mountain belt.— Centr. Asia: Syr D. Endemic. Described from elevations in the Samarkand area. Type in Tashkent. Section 2. CORYMBOSAE Korov.— Umbels in corymbiform branches, many-rayed, rays usually more or less equal. 11. S. allioides (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Boiss. Fl. or. suppl. (1888) 255; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 45.—- Conopodium allioides Rgl. et Schm. in Tr. Bot. SalclaemaViene, (1878) 988.— Carum allioides Franchet in Ann. Sc. Nat. s.1V,t. XVI (1883) 293; Lipskii in ie Bote Sada. Soa (1904) 13%. le) Korove. tbidestal ale fig se Haeses TELS 5 vs INE IN oig oils Perennial; green entirely glabrous plant, to 60cm high, with spherical tuber; stem thinly sulcate, corymbiformly branching in upper part, branches declinate, sometimes with reduced secondary branches; radical leaves 7cm long, 3cm wide, short-petioled, oblong-lanceolate, trisect into straight divaricate filiform 3mm long sections; cauline leaves narrower, upper leaves reduced to narrow lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 12—25 unequal to 20mm long rays, contracted after flowering; leaflets of involucre 8-10, lanceolate, acuminate, white, chartaceous, declinate, becoming appressed to rays; umbellets dense, oval, concave, white leaflets of involucels covering umbellets; petals 1mm long, broadly obovate, cleft for half their length with short acuminate inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened- conical; fruit ovoid, scabrous from small papillae, 1.2mm long; mericarps sub- rounded in cross section, without distinct ribs; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula, 6 toward commissure; seeds flat inside. May—June, rarely July. Loessial hills in low foothill belt, 400 to 700 m, rarely to 2,000m. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al.,T. Sh., Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz). Gen. distr.: Iran. (N.). Described from mountains between Bugun' and Boroldai, Kokshar and Chotkal. Type in Leningrad. Note. Within the distribution area of this species, var. kopet- daghensis can be separated because of its large fruit, longer pedicels and many-rayed umbels (Kopet Dagh), which bring this species into relation with the following S. glaucescens (DC.) Boiss. 52 14 12. S.glaucescens (DC.) Boiss. Diagn. ser.I, 10 (1849) 51; Fl. or. IL, 877; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 49, tabl. I, 12; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,140.—Butinia glaucescens Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 3, I (1844) SUS lavhiaibhiagd hE wie S SCS lic) IDC. Ieigoolas IW (1830) Iie Perennial; glaucescent quite smooth plant with oblong to turnip-shaped tuber; stem to 60cm high, sulcate, corymbiformly branching in upper part; leaves lanceolate, bipinnatisect, their segments cut into short narrow, seti- form sections. Umbels of 10-19 divaricate, 20-30mm long rays; involucre of 8—10, brownish, lanceolate, nearly entirely scarious leaflets; umbellets 20-flowered; involucels of oval, concave leaflets becoming recurved; petals 1mm long, broadly obovate, with concave midrib, notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened; style exceeding diameter of stylo- podium; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2.6mm long, 1.3mm wide; mericarps sub- cylindrical in cross section, brown, smooth; resinous canals numerous, narrow; seeds with 2 shallow furrows towards commissure. June—July. Open communities of phrygana in steppe belt, 1,450m.— Caucasus: S.Transe. Gen. distr.: Iran. (N.). Described from Sendkhoi (Iran). Type in Geneva. 13. S.polycarpa Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Gl. Bot. Sada, V 5 (1924) 80; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 51.— Ic.: OGOVentotdsitabla Detailers dels Perennial; whitish, entirely smooth plant, with oblong turnip-shaped root; stem ca. 90cm high, sulcate, with divergent branches in upper part; radical leaves oval-lanceolate, with petioles expanding at base, bipinnati- sect into remote pairs of segments, secondary segments sessile, bipinnati- partite into linear, 3-4mm long, 0.5mm wide lobules; cauline leaves reduced, upper leaves mere lanceolate, short sheaths. Umbels of 25-27 divaricate 10—20mm long rays; involucre of 5—8 broad-lanceolate or oblong-oval, 3-nerved, nearly entirely membranous leaflets usually re- flexed in ripe umbels; umbellets 15—20-flowered, involucels of 6—8 nearly oval, concave leaflets; petals 1mm long, obovate, nearly flat, with short tip slightly curved inward; stylopodium flattened; style as long as diameter of stylopodium; fruit subglobular, distinctly geminate, brown, 1.2mm long, 1.5mm wide; mericarps round in cross section, smooth or with slightly protruding ribs; resinous canals 3 in each vallecula, inconspicuous in ripe fruit, 4 toward commissure; seeds with 2 furrows toward commissure. June—July. Soft herbaceous mountain slopes, sometimes thickets in transitional semidesert steppe belt.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau), Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range, Karategin, Kugitang Mountains, Mal'guzar Mountains). Endemic. Described from near Kupkat village. Type in Leningrad. 14. S.hirtula (Rgl. et Schm.) Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 134; Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 52.— Cono- podium hirtulum Rgl. et Schm. in Izv. Obshch. lyub. estestv. antropol. i ethnograf. XXXIV, 2 (1881) 28.— Ic.: Korov., ibid., tabl. I, fig.13. ; Perennial; plant pale green, entirely smooth, or more or less scabrous from scattered hairs; tuber spherical; stem angular, deeply furrowed, 153 215 216 sometimes ribbed, corymbiformly branching above; radical leaves with glabrous or sparingly papillate petioles, blade oval-lanceolate, pinnatisect into incised, acutely toothed sections; cauline leaves bi- or trisect into narrowly lanceolate sections, the upper reduced to narrow sheath. Umbels of 12—35, sulcate, 30-—50mm long rays; leaflets of involucre reflexed; umbellets 35-flowered, involucel of 10 lanceolate, acuminate leaflets; petals: 1—1.2mm long, 1.5mm wide, in tangential direction, slightly cordate at base, notched, with depressed midrib and short inward curved tip; stylo- podium flattened-conical; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, yellow, 2.2mm long, 1.5(1.8)mm wide; mericarps subrounded in cross section, smooth, narrowly} connate; resinous canals inconspicuous at maturity; seeds furrowed toward commissure. June—July. Mountain steppes along herbaceous slopes, 800—1,200m, sometimes to 2,000.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Zeravshan. Type in Leningrad. 15. T.ferganensis Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXXIII (1904) 136 Korov in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 56.— Conopodium ferganense Druce in Rep. Bot. exch. Cl. Brit. Isles (1917) 616.— Ic.: Korov., ibid, talbl 1, fig: 14. Perennial; plant entirely smooth, glaucescent from waxy bloom; tuber spherical; stem to 150cm high, rounded, smooth, hollow, corymbiformly branching from middle up; lower leaves with long petioles, oval, bipinnati- sect, the terminal sections bipinnatisect into linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-7mm long sections; cauline leaves tripinnatisect into linear sections, the upper reduced to lanceolate sheaths. Umbels of 10—23 rays, to 3.5cm long; involucre of 8—9, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved leaflets; umbellets 20-flowered, involucel similar to involucre; petals broadly obovate, de- pressed at midrib, notched, with acuminate inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened, pulvinate; fruit broadly ovoid, 3mm long, its tip distinctly furrowec by prominent ribs; mericarps narrowly connate, dorsally angular, semi- round in cross section; resinous canals 4—5 in vallecula, 10—12 towards commissure; seeds with 2 furrows toward commissure. July—August. Open mountain meadow slopes, glades in mountain forests, 1,500 to 2,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Fergana Range from side of Fergana Valley), Pam.-Al. (Gissar Range). Endemic. Described from Yassy and Arslanbob rivers). Type in Leningrad. 16. S.korshinskyi (Lipsky) Korov. comb. n.— S. hirtula var. korshinskii Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 596.—Carum korshinskii Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXII G@904)1295— Buminina jkorish ins eit Woltf in Hale. (Pilz cyl 228 (1927) 208. Perennial; plant pale green, glabrous or slightly scabrous, with ovoid tuber; stem 30-50 cm high, thin, not hollow, smooth, slightly sulcate in upper part, branching above to produce sparse corymbiform panicle; radical leaves ..., lower cauline leaves petiolate, oval-triangular, bi- pinnatisect into linear-lanceolate, 3-partite 5-8mm long sections, terminal sections of upper leaves linear, entire, resembling short narrow sheaths in upper parts of shoots. Umbels of 10-15, rarely 20 unequal, spreading, 2—4cm long rays; involucre of 5—7 lanceolate-linear leaflets; umbellets 154 with 10-15, rarely more flowers; involucels resembling involucre, but leaflets shorter than pedicels; petals sometimes reddish at first, becoming white, obcordate, notched, with inward curved tip, depressed at midrib; stylopodium flattened; fruit ovoid, smooth, 1.5mm long; mericarps semi- round in cross section; resinous canals inconspicuous, numerous. July— August. Central Asian juniper to subalpine meadows, open herbaceous mountain slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Fergana Range), Pam.-Al. (AlaiandGissar ranges). Endemic. Described from Alai Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species is intermediate between S.ferganensis and S hirtula but extends beyond them in the mountains. It may be assumed to be a hybrid between these two. 17. S.transcaspica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 60.— Ic.: Korov., ibid. tabl.1, fig. 14. Perennial; pale green, entirely smooth plant, with ovoid- globose tuber; stem to 50cm high, white-striped, deeply sulcate, from middle or below branching to produce corymbiform panicle; lower leaves petiolate, oval- triangular, bipinnatisect into nearly oval petiolate sections to 5mm long, sections pinnatipartite into linear-lanceolate lobules, 3-lobate above, upper leaves smaller,tapering to narrow sheaths. Umbels of 25 more or less equal, spreading 2—3cm long rays; involucre of 8 lanceolate, oblique, 1- nerved leaflets; umbellets with more than 30 flowers on unequal pedicels; involucre resembling involucel; petals broadly obovate, 1mm long, notched, with inward curved tip; stylopodium flattened-conical; fruit yellowish, oblong-elliptic, 2mm long; mericarps semiround in cross section, smooth; resinous canals inconspicuous in ripe fruit; seeds with 2 shallow furrows toward commissure. May—June. Dry sandy hills, among ephemers in mountain semidesert belt.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. (Badkhyz hills). Endemic. Described from Badkhyz. Type in Tashkent. 18. S.tschimganica Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 62.—Ic.: Korov., ibid., tabl. 1, fig. 16. Perennial; pale green, entirely smooth plant with spherical tuber; stem to 1m high, sulcate below, angular above, branching from middle to produce corymbiform panicle; radical leaves long-petioled, nearly oval, bipinnatisect, primary segments sessile, the secondary oblong, pinnatipartite into lanceolate, acute, sometimes incised 1-2mm wide lobes; cauline leaves simpler, the upper reduced to lanceolate sheath. Umbels flat above, the numerous rays to 47mm long, shorter toward center; leaflets of involucre 10, linear, sometimes pinnatipartite into few lobules; umbellets 30—40-flowered, on rays of different lengths; involucels of 10-lanceolate- linear, 1-nerved leaflets, as long as umbellets; petals broadly oval, obovate, depressed at midrib, notched, with short inward curved tip, 1.7mm long; stylopodium short-conical; fruit cylindrical, linear, brown, 3mm long, strongly fragrant; mericarps not quite circular in cross section, with thin, faintly protruding ribs; resinous canals 2—3 of different sizes in yalleculae, 4 toward commissure; seeds nearly flat toward commissure. July—August. 155 218 PAPA Woody-shrubby belt in open herbaceous habitats, frequently among walnut} thickets.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (Tashkent Ala-Tau, Fergana Range). Endemic. Described from Chimgan. Type in Tashkent. Note. Differs from all other species of the genus by its pungent aroma.. \ Subgenus 2. Chaerophylloides Korov.— Fruit distinctly compressed | toward apex; seeds with 2 deep furrows toward commissure. 19. S.setacea (Schrenk) Korov. in Tr. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. ser. VIII-b, 2 (1928) 67.— Carum setaceum Schrenk, Enum. pl.I (1841) 61; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 249; Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXIII (1904) 125.- Bunium setaceum Wolff in Engl. Pflzr.I1V, 228 (1927) 209.— B. capillifolium Kar. et Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XIV (1841) 428.— Conopodium setaceum Korov. in Bull. Univ. As. centr. VII, Suppl. (1924) 24. Perennial; slightly scabrous plant, with spherical tuber; stem 50—80cm) high, thinly sulcate, erect, corymbiformly branching in upper part; radical leaves with long petioles, broadly triangular, tripinnatisect into 8mm long, 1.5mm wide linear sections; cauline leaves sessile, dissected into straight, narrow, spreading to 20mm long sections usually with scabrous margins. Umbels of 6—18 unequal, 2—5cm long rays; involucre of 2—6 setiform herbaceous leaflets; umbellets 10—15-flowered, the 5—6 leaves of the involucels similar to those of the involucre; calyx without teeth; petals 1mm long, broadly obovate, with short, acute inward curved tip; stylopodium: conical, with constricted base; styles short, curved outward above; fruit oblong-ovoid, brown, 3-5mm long; mericarps circular in cross section, slightly ribbed; resinous canals wide, solitary between ribs, 2 toward commissure. June—August. Herbaceous steppe mountain slopes, valleys, to 2,200m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Dzu.-Tarb., Pam.-Al. (Alai Range). Gen. distr.: Afghanistan. Described from Arganaty Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. There are records from the northern parts of Afghanistan (Boiss. Fl. or. Suppl.) but these have not been confirmed. Genus 972. SMYRNIUM* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262.— Anosmia Bernh. in Linnaea, VII (1832) 608 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-yellowish; fruit geminate, cordate at base, nearly black when ripe; stylopodium short-conical, style divergent, nearly 1'/. times as long as stylopodium; mericarps globose- ovoid, strongly tapering along commissure, with 5 protruding filiform primary ribs, along which there run cylindrical vascular-fibrous bundles, with strongly developed xylem; canals numerous; albumen broadly and deeply notched toward commissure, with more or less rolled margins; stylopodium 2-partite. Glabrous biennial herbs, the radical and lower cauline leaves ternate-pinnate, the upper entire. From smyrnion, ancient Greek name for Smyrnium perfoliatum (or S.olusatrum), from smyrna — myrrh (gum resin), referring to the plant's pleasant aroma reminiscent of myrrh. 156 PLATE XVI. 1—Danaa nudicaulis (M.B) Grossh; 2—Smyrnium perfoliatum L. 157 Qa Seven species endemic to Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Iran and Turkmenistan. 1. Umbels of 6-12 rays (Crimea and Caucasus) .... 1. S.perfoliatum L. + Umbels of 15-20 rays (Turkmenistan)...... 2. S.cordifolium Boiss; 1. S.perfoliatum L. Sp. pl. (1753) 262; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 364; Boiss. Fl. or. 11,925; Shmal'g., Fl. 1,428; Grosse... ble Kavk. iil, 140%—\S ates cordis Spreng. Umbell. spec. (1818) 25.— S. olusatrum Ldb. FI. Ross. II, 364,non L.— Sselinum dioscoridis Hy: lL) Krause aayStorcme Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 82.— lei: Rehb: Ic. Fl... Germy XX, tabez03om Biennial; entire plant glabrous; root thickened, ovoid or spherical; stem 50—125cm high, with winged faces branching above; radical leaves petiolate, biternately dissected, with oblong-ovate, crenate-serrate leaflets 4-8 cm long, 2.5—4.5cm wide; cauline leaves ovate, sessile, entire or 3-partite, dentate, with deeply cordate base. Umbels pedunculate or sessile, of 6—10 unequal glabrous rays; involucre and involucels none; petals greenish- yellow, broadly ovate, with inward curved tip, 1mm long; fruit 2.5-—3.5mm long, nearly black, shiny, irregularly netted-rugose between ribs; styles long, reflexed in fruit. May—June. (Plate XVI, Figure 2.) Shady mountain forests.— Europeanpart: Crim.; Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,W. and E.Transc. Gen. distr.: W. and E. Med., Bal.-As. Min., introduced into Centr. Eur. Described from Italy and Crete. Type in London. 2. S.cordifolium Boiss. Diagn. ser.I, 6 (1855) 64; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 926. Biennial; root thickened, 1.5-2cm thick; stem single, 40—80cm high, erect, 1-1.2cm thick below, cylindrical, hollow, smooth, oppositely branching above, radical leaves withering early, long petioled, triternate-dissected, the large, ovate-rounded leaflets obscurely dentate or nearly entire, petiolulate; lower cauline leaves simple or bipinnate, 20cm long and nearly as wide, on more or less long petioles, almost abruptly expanding to amplexicaul sheaths; leaflets 5—10cm long, 4-7cm wide, pectinate-dentate or nearly entire, cuneate or decurrent; upper leaves entire, opposite, ovate-cordate, acute. Umbels 2.5—7.5cm across, of 15—20 slightly unequal glabrous rays; involucre and involucels absent; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ovate, with inward curved tip; stylopodium flat, disciform, with undulant margins; styles divergent,2mm long; fruit geminate, 4-5mm high, 8—-10mm wide; mericarps subglobose, with 3 acute ribs, rugose between Gils whully,. Stony ravines.— Centr. Asia: Mtn. Turkm. Gen. distr.: Iran. Described from Iran. Type in Geneva. 158 123 Genus 973. SMYRNIOPSIS* Boiss. Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Botan. sér.3, II (1844) 72 Flowers heterogenous, bisexual, partly staminate; calyx-teeth obtuse; petals oblong, yellowish, with inward curved tip, nearly not notched; stylo- podium flattened; fruit ovoid; mericarps with protruding ribs and valleculae, 2 lateral ribs broad and flat, forming border of fruit; 1—2 canals under valleculae; styles long, recurved. Annuals, with bipinnate leaves. Four species, three in Asia Minor and one in Transcaucasia. 1. S.armena Schischk. in Referatakh rabot za 1945 g. Otdel. biolog. nauk (1947) 10.— S. aucheri Karjag. in Tr. Bot. Inst. Baku, Il (1936) 265,non Boiss. Annual; stem to 1m high, subcylindrical or angular, ribbed, glabrous, with opposite or whorled branches; radical and lower cauline leaves nearly bipinnate, ovate, 35cm long, 20cm wide; lower primary lobes short- petioled, those of the second order sessile, ovate, 7—8 cm long, 3—5 mm wide, acute or obtuse, with short, acute, irregular teeth; petioles and lower side of nerves covered with thick scattered hairs; upper leaves smaller, not as dissected, often ternate. Umbels of 12—15 smooth rays; involucre of 5—6 irregular lanceolate or lanceolate-linear reflexed acute herbaceous leaflets; involucels of 1—3 linear small leaflets; flowers bisexual and staminate; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellowish; fruit ovoid, 6—7mm long, ca. 3mm wide, with prominent ribs and broad flat valleculae with 1—2 canals and slight surface swellings; stylopodium flattened; styles long, recurved. July. Dry slopes, shrubby formations.— Caucasus: S.Transc. (Daralagez). Endemic. Described from near Kodukh-Vank village. Type in Leningrad. Genus 974. DANAA** All. All. Fl. Pedemont.II (1782) 34.—Physospermum Cuss. in Mém. Soc. Med. Par. (1782) 279.— Haenselera Lag. Gen. et sp. nov. (1816) 13, nec Boiss.— Physophora Link, Enum. Hort. Berol.I (1821) 278.— Pseudospermum S.F.Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. IT (1821) 517.— Alschingera Vis. Fl. Dalm.I1 (1849) 69 Flowers bisexual; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, broadly ovate, notched with inward curved tip; fruit nearly geminate, cylindrical, cordate at base, strongly compressed along commissure; stylopodium conical; mericarps subcircular in cross section or obtusely pentagonal, with 5 filiform hardly protruding ribs carrying weak vascular-fibrous bundles; valleculae with 1 canal, 2 canals at commissure; styles recurved; albumen horseshoe-shaped in cross section; carpophore slit into 2 at apex. Perennial herbs with biternate-pinnate leaves and many-rayed umbels. * From Smyrnium, another genus, and the Greek opsis — appearance. ** After Giovanni Pietro Maria Dana, late 18th century physician and professor at Turin, who studied the native plants of his country. 159 224 Six species from England through the Mediterranean area and N. Africa all the way to the Caucasus and Central Asia. | 1. Stem 1l-leaved; involucre and involucels,present .. . &. aa.°5eeeeee aster ct re wae ts Poms ERIE SS RIE a RO 1. D.nudicaulis (M. B.) Grossh: 5 Stem leafy; involucre and involucels absent ............... | ats AMD, OS SAUDE toe EAS TAG) Se ay 2. D.denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischkt 1. D.nudicaulis (M.B.) Grossh. in Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 220. — D.cornubiensis Grossg., Fl. Kavk. III, 241,non Burnat.— Pimpinella danaa M.B. Beschreib. der Lander zwischen den Flussen Terek und Kura am Kaspischen Meere (1800) hos -Appy Nowson— Smyrnium nudi- caine) Maser ita. -cane. i (1808) 238.— Physospermum aqui- legifolium Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 363,non Koch; Shmal'g., Fl.1, 428; Boiss. HE Orig 2 oe. a eenuich ea mike aati viemeciehn:. Pil) Cau car gies) 132.—Ic.: Spreng. Spec. Umbell. (1818) tab. 4.- Exs.: G.R.F. No. 2632; Callicralee taursua. | LIOONNG. 620. Perennial; root rather thick, 0.5—1cm thick; root neck sparsely covered with remnants of petioles; stem 50—120cm high, erect, glabrous, thinly ribbed, branching above or from middle, leafless or (rarely) with a single developed leaf on lower part of stem; radical leaves long-petioled, their blade broadly triangular, 12—17cm long, 17-20 cm wide, biternate- pinnate; primary lobes on rather long petiolules, the secondary sessile or (the proximal ones) on petiolules, broadly ovate, pinnatifid; cauline leaves (if present) similar to the radical but smaller, remaining cauline leaves oblong, amplexicaul sheaths usually purple. Umbels 5—8 cm across, of 10—20 smooth rays, the lateral umbels smaller, 1.5—4.5cm across; involucre of 5—7 lanceolate acuminate, usually reflexed leaflets; umbellets 1—1.5cm across, 10—16-flowered; involucels of 5—7 lanceolate or lanceolate-linear straight acuminate leaflets; petals white, 1.5-—1.8mm long, broadly ovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit cylindrical, nearly geminate, 4mm long, 5mm wide; stylopodium conical; styles recurved, 3 times as long as stylopodium. Fl. June—July, Fr. August (Plate XVI, Figure 1.) Pine, oak, beech, oak-hornbeam forests, shrubby formations, limestone mountain meadow slopes. — European part: V.-Don, BI1., Crim; (Caucasus: Cisc., Dag.,W.,E. and S. Transc. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. Described from the Crimea and Caucasus. Type in Leningrad. 2. D.denaensis (B. Fedtsch.) Schischk. sp. nov. in Addenda XV, 593. — Physospermum denaense B. Fedtsch. on label in Gerb. Bot. inst. im. V.L.Komarova AN SSSR. Perennial; stem ca. 1m high, cylindrical, with narrow longitudinal striae, not hollow, like leaves glabrous, branching; on petioles of cauline leaves abruptly expanding to amplexicaul sheath, nearly as long as blade, the blade triangular-ovate, 20—30cm long, 10-20 cm wide, nearly tri- pinnatisect; primary lobes long-petioluled, the secondary short-petioluled, lobes of the last order sessile, more or less decurrent on petiolules, broadly ovate, 3-7cm long, 2.5—4cm wide, irregularly lobuled, lobules with few rounded apical teeth. Umbels subglabrous, of 10-12 rays, 9-12cm long, broadly spreading in fruit; involucre and involucels absent; umbellets of 160 8—10 thin, glabrous rays 1.5—4cm long in fruit; flowers unknown; fruit geminate, 3mm long, 5mm wide; stylopodium short-conical; Siyglelsarc e's curved, twice as long as stylopodium; mericarps subglobose, with obscure 995 filiform ribs and dark-colored translucent canals; carpophore entire or 226 split into 2 at apex. Fr. at beginning of June (Plate XV, Figure 8.) Ravines.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from the Sangardak Gorge at the southwestern spurs of Gissar Range. Type in Leningrad. Note. This species was collected only once, when in fruit (on 5 June). It obviously blossoms much earlier. We should like to draw the attention of future investigators to this extremely interesting species, the root system, radical leaves and flowers of which are unknown. Genus 975. CONIUM* L. L. Sp. pl. (1753) 243 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, with short inward curved lobe; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally; stylo- podium short-conical; styles recurved, nearly twice as long as stylopodium; mericarps with 5 cartilaginous, flexuose ribs; pericarp thick; in ripe fruit canals obliterated, carpophore not split; albumen deeply and narrowly incised toward commissure. Biennial herbs with high stem and tripinnate leaves with reddish spots. Four species in Europe, Siberia and Asia Minor. WiC ecculstin Lo Sp) ply ite 243;etdb. KF Ross lli360; Boiss: Fl. or. Il, 922; Shmal'g., Fl.1,426; Kryl., Fl. Zap. Sib. VIII, 2042; Grossg., Hiei eit © caecutagvec Deli Gallo- Belg. 1 (1768) 142. — Ghaawa Guile suimyball wReise (1771) AVES) MOT eae = Cua@altane ulm Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. Enum. Horti Berol. (1809) 305.— Coriandrum cual Granta sStiico. Austen dol sgull (1767) 100.— C. maculatum Rotag went. il Germ’. 1 (1788) 130.— Cicuta officinalis Gieamntize Cle Umbell. Emend. (1767) 68.— ©. maculata Lam. Fl. Frane-1U (1778) 104,non L. -C. major Lam. Fl. Frang. Ul (1778) 456.— Sium conium Vest. Man. bot. (1806) 513.— Selinum conium BH. oH. L. Krause in Sturm. Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XIl (1904) 122.— Ic.: Komarov, Sbor, sushka i razved. lekarstv. rast. Izd. 3, tabl. 58 (1917); Maevskii, Fl. Sredn. Ross. p. 255 (1918):— Exs.: G.R- Ee No- 878; H.F.A.M. No. 236. Biennial; stem 60—180cm high, branching, finely sulcate, like leaves glabrous, sometimes with glaucous bloom and reddish-brown spots in lower part; lower leaves petiolate, tripinnate, broadly triangular, 30—60cm long, with primary, secondary and tertiary lobes petiolate, only the lowermost sessile, the tertiary ones oblong-ovate, deeply pinnatisect into ovate- lanceolate, acuminate lobules, sometimes with short whitish tip; median and upper leaves smaller and not as compound, subsessile, with narrow sheath. Umbels numerous, forming corymbiform-paniculate inflorescence, of 12—20 rays, slightly scabrous inside; involucre of ovate-lanceolate, narrow-margined obscurely crenate reflexed leaflets; leaflets of * From the Greek conis — sucker, referring to the dizziness induced by eating of the fruit. 161 (227) PLATE XVII. 1— Albovia tripartita (Kalen) Schischk.; 2— Bifora radians M.B.; 3— B.testiculata (L) DC.; 4 — Fuernrohria setifolia C. Koch. 162 229 involucels 3—7, secund, connate at base, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, with narrow scarious margin, shorter or slightly longer than rays; fruit subcylindrical or ovoid, 3-3.5mm long; styles ca. 1mm long, becoming curved, nearly twice as long as stylopodium. June—July. Forest edges, flooded meadows, limestone slopes, weeds in crops and fallow land, near dwellings, kitchen gardens, roadsides, hedges, dumps, walls of ravines and railroad tracks.— European part: all regions; Caucasus: Giger Dac era Weand so. Ucansc.; Wj cibermia Ob, se mob luct ss), WEemt i. ANGIAS TIBElliiela5 IDVAU ene oss ABe TSlales Sve ID RA wAiaaeY IDA enone AUER Mier, “ANblaelcaal. Gen. distr: scand.. Centr. and Atl. daur.,(N Atri, BalaaAs. Mine, Avni. - Kurd., Iran., Sinkiang, introduced into Canada, U.S.A. and Mexico. Described from Europe. Type in London. Economic importance. All parts of the plant, especially the fruits, contain toxic alkaloids, which decompose upon drying. The alkaloid content depends upon the stage of development, gradually reaching a peak at blossoming and fruit-bearing (0.725—1.3%), highest in young fruits, lowest in roots. Coniine is the main alkaloid (CgHi7N) (fresh dried fruits contain 0.2—0.8%, leaves 0.01—0.04%). This is readily soluble in alcohol, ether and fatty oils, only slightly so in water. The following alkaloids have also been found: methylconiine (CoHisN), conidrin (CgHi7NO), pseudoconidrin (CgHi7NO) and coniceine (CgHisNO). In former times, preparations from poison-hemlock were widely used to treat a variety of diseases. In view of its minor effect and the occurrence of poisoning doctors stopped pre- scribing these preparations. In ancient Greece potions of poison- hemlock were administered to persons condemned to death, among them Socrates and Phocion. In warm weather or when dried the plant has a disagreeable odor reminiscent of mice and a sharp, bitter taste. Genus 976. PLEUROSPERMUM* Hoffm. Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) p.VIII Calyx-teeth obsolete or very small; petals white, short-clawed, broadly ovate, obtuse or acuminate, straight or slightly curved inwards; stylo- podium inflated, with flat crenate margin; fruit ovoid-oblong,; slightly compressed laterally; mericarps with 5 equal, protruding, slightly winged main ribs; canals solitary under valleculae, 2—4 at commissure; carpo- phore free, split into 2; albumen crescent-shaped in cross section, slightly angular dorsally with broad shallow notch toward commissure. Biennial (or perennial) tall herbs, with large bipinnate leaves. Only 3 species growing in Eurasia are included. 1. Terminal leaf lobes long-acuminate, leaves pubescent along margins and on lower side of nerves, leaflets of involucre always dissected, rays of umbels angular, strongly scabrous, ribs of fruit with dentate TRUALO SRG ONG LEME ALES) SRS PG ior) BAe ER Saiie:, hae Barna Ain me aati see Me iH ae hla Ra ep 2. * From the Greek pleura — rib, sperma — seed, referring to the strongly developed ribs of the fruit. 163 230 Zoe ati Terminal leaf lobes abruptly short-acuminate, margin of leaves and lower side of nerves with short scattered hairs, leaflets of involucre entire or only shallowly cut, rays obscurely angular, fruit with obscurely dentate-wihes! aia. mnie ceemee te 1. P. austriacum (L.) Hoffm. 2. Plant to 120cm high, main umbel of 20—40 rays, fruit ca. 6mm long, Armnimibw ier | oa is) eee tic eet eee SUSTOS LS: RE Lees 2. P.uralense Hoffm. at Plant to 200cm high, with up to 60 rays in main umbel; fruit 6-9mm Ucravowrer—(6) iain WUC Wes Aes oes ok uo mio 6 3. P.camtschaticum Hoffm. 1. P. austriacum (L.)Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 1 (1814) p. X;s iadb. al, Ross. II, 360; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 426,ex parte; Horn. af Rantzien in Candollea, XI (1947-1948) 13, ex parte.— P.lithuanicum Downar in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXIV, 1 (1861) 180.— P. boreale Gand. Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. (1910) 223.— P. austriacum subsp. eu-austriacum Horn. af Rantzien in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 40 (1946) 182.- Ligusticum austria- eum i.) Spa iple(1753)e250t —ME.. em e linss Vill -Prosp.a amo L.brancionis Schrank, Baier. Fl.I (1789) 551.- Thysselinum grandiflorum Moench, Meth. (1794) 85.- Selinum pleurospermum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, XII (1904) 78.— Ic.: Rehb. Ic. Fl. Germ. XXI, tab. 2033 (1867). Biennial or perennial; stem single, 60—150cm high, erect, hollow, sulcate, branching above, covered with short stiff hairs under inflorescence; leaves have short-scabrous margins; the lower triangular-ovate, biternate or nearly tripinnatisect, long-petioled, the outer second-order lobes much larger and more deeply cut than the inner; lobes of the third order ovate or oblong, pinnatifid, proximally fused; lobules unequally toothed or cut, short-acuminate, with broadly or narrowly ovate, slightly antrorse, acute or obtuse teeth, with short cartilaginous mucro; upper cauline leaves smaller, not so deeply cut, sessile on short, slightly convex sheath, the margin with scarious curly hairs. Terminal umbel ca. 20cm across, of 12—20(40) short-haired rays; leaflets of involucre numerous, herbaceous, sometimes cut, becoming reflexed, umbel rays hairy, involucels many- leaved, leaflets lanceolate, entire, with slightly scarious margins, with 3 longitudinal nerves; calyx-teeth triangular, obtuse; petals white, rounded, 2.5—3mm long, with papillate upper surface; fruit ca. 10mm long, 6mm wide, obtuse, with thin crenulate ribs; styles filiform, stigma capitate, 1*h—2 times as long as stylopodium, becoming recurved. July. Forests and shrubby formations.— European part: Balt., U. Dnp., M. Dnp., U.Dns. Gen. distr.: Centr. Eur., Scand. (eastern part of Sweden), Bal. Described from Austria. Type in London. Note. According to reports from Sweden (H. H. af Rantzien, 40, 2 (1946) 179-213), a single specimen produces up to 6,600 seeds, but germination is very low. The seeds may float for 3-10 days and seem to be adapted to dispersal by water. 2. P.uralense Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed.1 (1814) p.IX; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, SGM kcvie, Hl Zap.) Silo mMui, 2059. — ee = alulcer tt aucwmaa | [e.cliae ah) bemeileem 368, non Hoffm.; Fl. Ross. II, 360, ex pes Lugez.. His baic.—dahhieakeas P.archangelica Ldb. Fl. alt.1I (1829) 369; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 361; Bong. Veg. Ins. Sitcha (1832) 141.- P. gmelini Steud. Nom. ed. 2, II (1840) 335.- P. austriacum ssp. uralense Somm. et Lev. FI. 60115 1 164 dell'Ob inter. (1896) 73.— Laserpitium athamantae Spreng. in | Schult. Syst. veg. VI (1820) 624; DC. Prodr.IV, 206; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 226 tees Hottime de ehutab:d!-BaAf. 24; 0tab. 2a. 6yii23;> hedchs andthler:, Fl. Evrop. Ross. (1910) 682. Biennial, or perennial; stem single, 70—120cm high, thinly sulcate, i 2cm thick, glabrous, with short stiff hairs only below inflorescence; leaves with short stiff hairs along margins and nerves, very rarely subglabrous; lower leaves ternate, long-petioled, broadly triangular, 10—25cm long and as wide; primary leaflets petioluled, pinnatipartite into ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, proximally fused lobes, 4—12 cm long, 1—5 cm wide, ir- regularly large-toothed or pinnatifid; upper leaves smaller, not as dis- sected, sessile on amplexicaul sheaths. Terminal umbel large, 10-20cm across, usually surrounded by several smaller umbels, 4—7cm across, terminating branches produced at base of terminal umbel, of (15)20—40 rays covered with short stiff hairs; involucre of many large, 1.5—6 cm long reflexed leaflets expanding in upper part, these often cut, usually into 3 teeth; umbellets on main umbel large, 2-3cm across, those on lateral umbels smaller; involucels of lanceolate or sublinear acute reflexed leaflets, as long as or longer than pedicels; calyx-teeth ovate, obtuse, membranous; petals white, ovate, slightly acuminate, with almost flat tip, 2—3.5mm long; fruit ca. 6mm long, 4mm wide, with thin, acute, short- crenate ribs; stylopodium short-conical, slightly expanded at base; styles recurved, twice as long as stylopodium. June—July. Coniferous forests, forest edges, pine forests, birch-aspen forests, 232 felled forests, rarely in subalpine meadows, ravines and near Swamps. — | European part: Dv.-Pech., V.-Kama, Transv.; W. Siberia: all regions; E.Siberia: all regions. Gen. distr.: Mong.,Jap.-Ch. Described from the Urals. Type in Leningrad (?). Note. Laserpitium athamantae Spreng. is given here as a synonym although we have not seen the type specimens from Siberia. However, Sprengel's short description is good enough, and does not suit any of the Siberian species of Umbelliferae with the exception of Pleuro- spermum uralense. P.archangelica Ldb. surely is another synonym. It has been described from fruits which certainly belong to Pleurospermum uralense,collected by Ledebour in the vicinity of Riddersk and kept in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 3. P.camtschaticum Hoffm. Gen. Umb. ed.1l (SIA, 253 IDC. IPre@cke. iWwe22t lide. Hi. Ross l,.36l5) Komi, Bl. Kamich 11, BRS = Po wireAaleng © Hult. Fl. of Kamtch. III, 584,non Hoffm.— Ic.: Sugaw. Ill. Fl. Saghal. Ill, tab. 635 (1940). Perennial; root thick, 2-3cm across; stem single, 70—200cm high, sulcate, 1—3 cm thick, glabrous, or short-scabrous only below inflorescence; leaves long-petioled, triangular, 15—30cm long, 12-25cm wide, lout = (Ole nearly tripinnatisect; lower primary lobes petioluled, the secondary sessile or decurrent on petiolules, 6—10cm long, 1.5—5 cm wide, deeply and unequally acutely toothed or pinnatifid, the margins and lower side of nerves covered with stiff hairs, their upper side scabrous; upper leaves smaller,less dissected, sessile on amplexicaul sheaths. Main umbel large, 10—20cm 165 233 across, of 20—60 rays covered with short stiff hairs; lateral umbels smaller, of 10-15 rays, 4-7cm across, terminating alternate or whorled branches produced below main peduncle and exceeding level of central umbel; involucre of many linear or lanceolate, often pinnatifid 2-8 cm long leaflets; umbellets of main umbel many-flowered, 2—3cm across; lateral umbels smaller; leaflets of involucels numerous, as long as umbel rays or shorter or slightly longer than umbellet, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, becoming reflexed after flowering; calyx-teeth ovate, mem- branous; petals white or slightly pink, broadly ovate, entire, acute or obtuse, often with inward curved tip, ca. 2-—2.5mm long, abruptly tapering to short claw; fruit 6-9mm long, 4-6mm wide, ribs crenulose with acute margins; stylopodium short-conical, its undulant base with expanding margins. July—August. Forest glades, mixed and coniferous forests, riparian meadows.— Far East: Kamch., Okh., Uda, Uss., Sakh. Gen. distr.: Jap.—Ch.? Described from Kamchatka. Type was in Moscow. ; Genus 977. HYMENOLAENA * DC. DC. Prodr. IV (1830) 244.-Renarda Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, VIII (1883) 278.— Pleurospermum subgenus Hymenolaena Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam_III, 8 (1898) 171 Calyx 5-toothed; petals broadly elliptic, broad-clawed, white or pink, with inward curved tip; fruit cylindrical-oblong, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium short-conical; style longer than stylopodium; mericarps with 3 winged dorsal ribs and slightly developed lateral ribs; 3 canals under valleculae; albumen reniform in cross section. Perennial herbs with simple or bipinnate leaves and large, ovate involucel leaflets. About 10 species in Tibet, the Himalayas, and the mountains of Central Asia. 1. Involucre 0,involucels of 5 large broadly ovate leaflets 10-—12mm long, 3— LO mam wade: sleaveSe pinnate mummies eur ie 1. H.pimpinellifolia Rupr. ct Involucre of 3, involucels of 5—12 ovate leaflets 4-6mm long, 3-4mm mide; leaves bipinnate, .ccisis. aces Mialsts God i Gheee | bbks Cee 2. Stem reduced, 3—10cm high, often obsolete; involucels of 8—12 leaf- lets; umbels of 3—5 rays; leaves bipinnate ...... 2. H.nana Rupr. ats Stem 15-30cm high; involucels of 5 leaflets; umbels of 7-12 rays; lieavesanecianeliy .tielpinnate ye ace ordre mcuteion <1 kee ah 3. H. alpina Schischk. Series 1. Pimpinellifoliae Schisch.— Leaves simple-pinnate, involucre 0. 1. H. pimpinellifolia Rupr. Sert. tiansch. (1869) 49.- H. lindleyana var. soongorice Lipsky et var. bucharica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XXVIII, 1 (1900) 71.— Renarda siifolia Rel. in Trautv., Rgl., Maxim. et Winkl. Decas pl. nov. (1882) 5 et in Tr. Bot. Sada, VIII (1883) 278. — Pleurospermum stellatum 8 lindleyanum Clarke in Hook. FI. * From the Greek hymen — membrane, and laena (or chlaena) — outer clothing. 166 (234 235 Britt. Ind. II (1879) 705,ex p.— Ic.: Trautv., Rgl., Maxim. et Winkl. Decas pl. nov. (1882) tab. Perennial; root thick, 5-10mm across, multicipital or simple; stems few or solitary, 10—40cm high, erect or slightly curved, glabrous, 4—5.5mm thick, slightly sulcate, violet sometimes only in lower half, slightly branching above, bearing 1-4 leaves; radical leaves often many, their petioles abruptly expanding to violet-colored sheath longer or shorter than blade; blade oblong, 3—12cm long, 1—3cm wide, pinnate, with broadly ovate, cuneately tapering lobes, their margins cut into unequal broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse teeth; cauline leaves similar to the radical, the upper smaller, sometimes reduced to sheaths. Umbels of 1—4 nearly equal, strongly furrowed rays slightly scabrous above; involucre 0 or of 1 leaflet; umbellets many-rayed; leaflets of involucels broadly ovate, longer than pedicels, nearly entirely white-scarious, tapering abruptly at base, obtuse or rounded or slightly notched. July. (Plate XV, Figure 10, Plate XVIII, Figure 1.) Rocks, rock streams, old moraines, dry meadows in alpine belt, 4,000m.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh., Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Dzhumgol in Tien Shan. Type in Leningrad. Economic importance. Because of its large white involucel leaflets similar to those of Astrantia,this plant is recommended as an orna- mental. Series 2. Nanae Schischk.— Leaves bi- or nearly tripinnate; involucre of 3—5(7) leaflets. 2. H.nana Rupr. Sert. tianschan. (1869) 49.— H.lindleyana Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 68, non Klotsch.— Pleurospermum nanum Benth. et Hook. ex Drude in Engl. u. Prantl., Pflanzenf. III, 8 (1898) 172.— P.lindleyanum B. Fedtsch. Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 604. Perennial; root rather thick, 3-4mm across, ascending; stems usually inconspicuous, rarely 1—15cm high, usually simple, not branching, sulcate, violet in lower half, 1—3-leaved or leafless; radical leaves on petioles as long as blade or shorter, expanding to sheath; blade nearly bipinnatisect, ovate-oblong, 1-6 cm long, 0.8-2cm wide; lower primary lobes on 2-8mm petiolules or all lobes sessile, deeply pinnatisect or pinnatipartite into linear-oblong or ovate obtuse lobules. When stem obsolete, umbels usually of 4—6 unequal, glabrous, furrowed, 5—-20mm long rays, with involucre of 2—4 leaflets, =e the length of the rays, similar to the reduced cauline leaves, with long membranous violet sheath and green blade pinnatisect at apex; umbellets many, with involucels of 8—12 ovate or lanceolate-ovate, mucronate, nearly entire (except for midrib), scarious leaflets. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 2.) Alpine zone among rocky slopes, gravelly banks of mountain streams, moraines near glaciers, taluses.— Centr. Asia: I. Sh., Pam.=Al. (Pamir). Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash. (Sinkiang). Described from Tashrabat. Type in Leningrad. Note. Lipskii (ibid.) identified this plant with Hymenolaena lindleyana Klotsch. of the Himalayas, but the Pamir- Tien Shan plant 167 236 differs from the latter by the obtuse lobes of the last order and the entire (not trisect) leaflets of the involucre. Lipskii also included in it H. pim- pinellifolia Rupr.,a separate species. 3. H.alpina Schischk. sp. nov. in Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, XIII (1950) 158. Perennial; root to 1cm thick; stem long, 15—30cm high, sometimes branching from base, cylindrical, thinly ribbed, glabrous; radical leaves more or less numerous, triangular, their petioles as long as blade, abruptly expanding to amplexicaul sheath; blade bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, 2—8 cm long, 1.5-—6 cm wide; lower primary lobes more or less long-petioluled, cut into entire or pinnatifid ovate obtuse lobules 4-6 mm long, 1.5-3mm wide; upper leaves smaller, sessile on expanded sheath, not as deeply cut. Umbels 2—5cm across, the 7-12 slightly irregular rays scabrous in upper part; involucre of 5(7) broadly ovate, white-scarious, short-acuminate, spreading leaflets */4 to ‘/ the length of the rays; umbellets many-flowered, ca. lem across; leaflets of involucels white-scarious, ovate, short- acuminate, 4-6mm long, 3-4mm wide, as long as umbellets; petals white or slightly pink, ca. 1mm long; young fruit with winged dorsal ribs; stylo- podium short-conical; styles recurved, 1 times as long as stylopodium; ripe fruit not known. July. (Plate XVIII, Figure 3.) Stony taluses in alpine belt, 3,000—3,300m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from atop Sangisauz Range. Type in Leningrad. Genus 978. ELEUTHEROSPERMUM * C. Koch. C.Koch in Linnaea, XVI (1842) 365. Pleurospermum subg. Eleutherospermum Drude in E.—P. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 172 Calyx-teeth short, obtuse; petals greenish, yellowish-whitish or pink- purple, broadly ovate, notched, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, laterally compressed; mericarps with 5 acute ribs; valleculae with canals, 4 canals toward commissure; albumen crescent-shaped in cross section with incurved margins. Perennial herbs, with bi- or tripinnatisect leaves and subulate or linear leaflets of involucre and involucel. Two species in the Caucasus and Asia Minor. 1. Rays of umbels and umbellets glabrous; petals greenish- or yellowish- SIGUE BES a these Coa tarp Mace Mlk elites iia Gall Il SO 1. E.cicutarium (M. B.) Boiss. ate Rays of umbel and umbellets scabrous above; petals purple or pink- ECCUSIe kee ce: och A OEe, een te Cte ee MORE Le ae eee 2. E.lazicum Boiss. 1. E.cicutarium (M.B.) Boiss. Fl. or.II (1872) 924; Shmal'g., Fl. I, 427.— EF. grandifolium C.Koch in Linnaea, XVII (1843) 31; Ldb. FI. Ross. Il, 364 (sphalm. grandiflorum); Bordzilovskii in Vestn. Kievsk. Bot. Sada, XII— XIII (1936) 102; descr. emends— B). chirys anit u ms soma et Lev. in Nuovo Giorn. bot. Ital.II, 2 (1895) U4 in Bulles SOCH > OLemliclls * From the Greek eleutheros — free, sperma — seed. 168 (1895) 43 and in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVI (1900) 183.- Smyrnium cicuta- rium M.B. Fl. taur.-cauc.!I (1808) 239.— Physospermum cicuta- rium Spreng. Umbellif. Spec. (1813) 23; DC. Prodr.IV, 247; Ldb. Fl. ~ Ross. II, 363.— Ph. actaeifolium Hichw. Casp.-Cauc. (1831-1833) 32, 2370 non Presl.— Ligusticum caucasicum Willd. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 457.— Hladnikia cicutaria Boiss. ineAnn. Se. mates ser. llP ul (1844) 71.— Pleurospermum cicutarium Drude in Engl. u. Prantl, Natirl. Pflanzenfam. III, 8 (1898) 172.— P. grandiflorum Drude (sphalm. pro grandifolio)l.c. (1898). Perennial; stem 40—100cm high, cylindrical, slightly sulcate, simple or branching, 3—6mm thick at base; lower cauline leaves sessile on ex- panded sheath, ovate-triangular, 8 cm long, 10-12 cm wide, ternate; primary lobes ovate or triangular, acuminate, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect; lateral lobes sessile, terminal lobe decurrent, pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite or pinnatisect, the lobes of the last order linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or acutely toothed, with obscurely scabrous margin, lighter beneath, uppermost leaves reduced, sessile on sheath. Umbels of 6—12 unequal, furrowed, glabrous, ca. 6cm long rays; leaflets of involucre 3—7, linear, glabrous, entire or 2—3-lobed, becoming reflexed; involucels of 3—5 linear or linear- lanceolate herbaceous leaflets half the length of the pedicels; calyx with 5 short obtuse teeth; petals greenish-yellowish or white, tapering to long inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, laterally compressed, 5—6.5mm long, 4-4.5mm wide; mericarps with 5 acute ribs; valleculae with 3 canals, commissure with 4; albumen with incurved margins; stylopodium sub- conical; styles much shorter than stylopodium. July—August. (Plate XV, Figure 11, Plate XVIlIla, Figure Ve) Subalpine meadows, edges of mountain forests.— Caucasus: Cisc., W., E. and S.Transe. Gen. distr.: N.Iran. Described from Alazan River valley. Type in Leningrad. 2. E.lazicum Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. Fl. or. Il (1872)'924.= 5. rubel - lum E.Buschin Tr. Bot. muz. AN SSSR, XXIII (i931) 2295 — een rio = spermum lacicum Drude (erron.) in Engl. u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflan- zenfam. III, 8 (1898) 172.—Ic.: E. Busch, ibid., Fig. 1. Perennial; plant entirely glabrous, except for inflorescence; rhizome long, creeping; stem 40—80 cm high, cylindrical, faintly ribbed, simple or branching above; blades of radical and lower cauline leaves triangular, 10cm long and just as wide, dark green above, light green beneath, bipin- natisect, their petioles longer than the blades; secondary lobes ovate, acute, 4.5—-7cm long, 2-4cm wide, unequally pinnatifid or deeply dentate; upper leaves smaller, sessile on expanded sheaths. Umbels 3—8cm across, rays 6—10,unequal, scabrous above; leaflets of involucre 1—3, unequal, subulate, only a fraction of the rays in length or absent; umbellets ca. lcm across, with short-scabrous rays; leaflets of involucels unequal, subulate, 3—4, calyx-teeth short, obtuse; petals violet or dark or light red. July— August. Mountain beech forests.— Caucasus: W.,E. and S. Transc. (W.). Gen. distr.: As. Min. (Pontus Range). Described from Pontus Range. Type in Geneva. 169 238 241 Note. E.rubellum E. Busch was included in the synonymy of E.lazicum Boiss. for the following reasons: E.lazicum differs from E. cicutarium by the same characters as E. rubellum,i.e., smaller leaves, scabrous rays of umbels and umbellets. According to E.A. Busch E.rubellum is distinguished from E.lazicum by the color of the petals, yet Boissier's description includes no reference to the color of the petals. Voronov's specimens from Artvin district have dark violet petals, in all other respects they agree with E.rubellum. The latter locality links the distribution area of E.lazicum with the Caucasus. Genus 979. AULACOSPERMUM * Lab. Ldb. Fl. alt. IV (1833) 334.-Ligusticum Sect.IVAulacospermum Calest. in Webbia,I (1905) 211 Calyx with 5 conspicuous teeth; petals white, very rarely slightly yellowish, broadly ovate, tapering to short claw, with tapering inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium flat-pulvinate, often bluish; styles recurved, usually shorter than stylo- podium; mericarps with equal thin winged ribs; valleculae with 1 canal, rarely with few, usually 4 canals at commissure; endosperm with deep furrow; seeds adnate to mesocarp. Perennial herbs, with tripinnatisect leaves. Four to five species in the E. European part of the USSR, the mountains of Central Asia, and eastern region of S. Siberia, to Sayans. IS Wmisel cays oa 12 oy ia cee tt Sty one nt ee Ove en 2. 1" Uinllved Meany S el 2 A Ore, Wo ne, tegen sal ee (anes, Sere ct Tee re 4. 2. Petals faint yellow; leaflets of involucels usually “3 to 1 the length of the pedicels; central flowers of umbel often sterile (Kirghiz Ala- Tau) Aes TERT Bee ed cea ee 1 See 6. A.tianschanicum (Korov.) C. Norman. ate Petals white or pink; at least some of the leaflets of involucels nearly astlongraistumibel sraksot (: thtaiet seen.) so. lela nts Rte EROe | ae 3. 3. Primary lobes of leaves cut into cuneate-dentate, 1—1.5 cm wide Ho ulesmyn ies cae tiers nome Peano Boe 5. A.turkestanicum (Franch.) Schischk. ats Primary lobes of leaves cut to midrib into lanceolate or lanceolate- linear, 0.3-—0.5cm wide, densely pinnate lobules. ...4. A.simplex Rupr. 4. Fruit smooth in valleculae, wings likewise smooth, entire, occasionally UOUaNG TEU Ren aie tS ie i on at OE erie s a ads Moai RN RAD df a 1. A.anomalum Ldb. a0 Fruit with small verrucae in valleculae, sometimes also on wings, wings with wavy margins, often unequally dentate .......... eee Oy: o. stems !0— 50 em high, usually many: iruit 5—5. om lone eae nadine ete Set htc NAR cs a ae 3. A.darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk. + Stems 50-100 cm high, usually single; fruit 5.5-7mm long (European DARE) ee ee RL OE nee en ee en 2. A.isetense (Spreng.) Schischk. Subgenus 1. Euaulacospermum Schischk.— Petals white, pink or whitish-green; leaflets of involucels as long as or slightly shorter than umbel rays. * From the Greek aulax (genitive aulacos) — furrow, sperma — seed. 170 PLATE XVIII. Schischk. 1—Hymenolaena pimpinellifolia Rupr.; 171 WN 2—H.nana Rupr.; 3—H. alpina 242 Series 1. Anomala Schischk.— Umbel rays numerous, 12—40. 1. A.anomalum Ldb. Fl. alt. IV (1833) 335; Fl. Ross. II, 362, ex p.; Kryl., El. Zap. sibs VilIA20583— Cnidium anonbadliuantiedbos 1) cali (1829) 330.— Pleurospermum anomalum B.Fedtsch. Rast. Turkest. (1915) 604.— P.isetense K.-Pol. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. N.S. XXIX (1916) 177,non Peucedanum isetense Spreng. (1818).— A. gono- caulum M. Pop. in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. isp. prir. XLIV (1935) 129)— A.rupestre M.Pop., ibid. (1935) 130, ex p. Perennial; root rather thick, 5-10mm across, its neck covered with dark brown remnants of sheaths, stem 10—70 cm high, sulcate, branching above, sometimes obsolete, like leaves glabrous; radical and lower cauline leaves on long sheathing petioles, longer than blade, blade generally oblong- ovate or broadly ovate, 2.5-15cm long, 1-8 cm wide, bi- or tripinnatisect, green above, paler beneath; primary lobes sessile or short-petioled, those of the last order linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, 3-5mm long, 0.6— 1.5mm wide; upper leaves small, sessile on expanded amplexicaul petioles with membranous margins. Umbels of 11—26, unequal, furrowed scabrous or smooth rays; median umbel 8—15 cm across, the lateral much smaller; involucre of 6—10 pinnatisect, 2—3-fid or entire leaflets with more or less developed scarious margins, half the length of the rays or shorter; umbel- lets 6-10mm across, with unequal, slightly scabrous pedicels; leaflets of involucels numerous, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or entire, usually shorter than pedicels, with 1—2 large distal teeth; calyx-teeth conspicuous, triangular; petals white, broadly ovate, drawn out into inward curved tip, tapering to narrow claw; fruit broadly ovoid, 4-6mm long, 3.5-4mm wide; stylopodium flat, entire; styles hardly exceeding or nearly equal to radius of stylopodium. June-July. (Plate XV, Figure 15.) Herbaceous and stony mountain slopes in the alpine belt, on cliffs, some- times in meadows.— W.Siberia: Alt., Ang.-Say.; Centr. Asia: Dzu-Tarb., T. Sh. Gen. distr.: Dzu.-Kash., Mong. (?). Described from Altai (Charysh, Koksu, Aleksandrovsk). Type in Leningrad. 2. A.isetense (Spreng.) Schischk. comb. nov.— A. multifidum Meinsh. in Linnaea, XXX (1859-1860) 515; Yu. Voron. in Fl. Yugo- Vost. V, (75; Kryl., Fl. yZape Sib. VII, 2058.— A. tenuilobum Meinshs) lsc 015.— A.anomalum Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 362,ex p.— Peucedanum sibiricum Spreng. Hist. r. herb. II (1808) 268, non Willd. (1797), nec Kit. (1802).— P.isetense Spreng. Gesch. d. Bot. II (1818) 200; DC. Prodga iW, isl — Ligeustneum multifidum. Smithm, Rees Cyclop.2ee (1819) No.8; DC. Prodr.IV,159.— L.tenuilobum Calest. in Webbia (USO) Bika a — Pleurospermum. muitifidum Benthy et Hook. from Shmal'g., Fl. 1 (1895) 426.—Ic.: Gmel. Fl. Sib. I, tab. 42 et 43.— Exc.: G. Ro ghe sNosZb sor Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root fusiform, its neck covered with brown leaf-remnants; stem thick, ca. 1cm across, 50—100 cm high, Single, erect, sulcate, upper part with slender obliquely antrorse branches overtopping the main umbel; radical and lower cauline leaves on long (10-20 cm) petioles expanding to sheath; blade generally oblong-ovate, 8—10cm long, 4cm wide, tripinnatisect; lobes of the last order 2—6mm 172 243 244 long, 0.3mm wide, decurrent, linear, acute, entire or dentate or 3-lobed; upper leaves smaller, bipinnate or pinnate. Main umbel 10—15cm across, larger than the others, of 20—30 rays, lateral umbels smaller, 10—12-rayed; involucre of 8—10 lanceolate-linear, long-acuminate, dentate or pinnatifid leaflets; umbellets many-flowered, with 6-10mm pedicels; leaflets of involucels entire, rarely dentate, shorter than pedicels; petals white; fruit broadly ovoid, subglobular, 5-7mm long and nearly as wide, with narrow membranous slightly curly crenate-dentate wings, and with faintly irregul- arly eroded surface; valleculae with small spherical tubercles. June— July. Exposed herbaceous, sometimes stony slopes, steppe meadows, pine forests.— European part: V.-Kama, Transv., Urals; W. Siberia: U. Tob. Endemic. Described from Isetskoe District. Type in Berlin. 3. A.darvasicum (Lipsky) Schischk. comb. nov.— Hymenolaena darvasica Lipsky in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII, 1 (1900) 72.— Pleuro- spermum darvasicum B. Fedtsch., Rastit. Turkest. (1915) 604. Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root thick, to 1.5cm across, stem 10—60cm high, base covered with dark brown fibrous leaf-remnants; main stem at base usually bearing slightly erect, thinly ribbed, some- what violet branches often overtopping main stem; radical and lower cauline leaves ovate, 10—20cm long, 2.5—5cm wide, with long petioles ex- ceeding blade, with 2—3 pairs of broadly ovate primary lobes on short petiolules or sessile and decurrent, pinnatifid into obcuneate lobules with slightly acute ovate teeth; upper cauline leaves 1—2, smaller, simple-pin- nate. Main umbel 8—12cm across, the nearly equal 22—40 acutely ribbed, glabrous rays strongly elongating in fruit; involucre of 6—8 oblong-linear acuminate reflexed leaflets, often 2—3-partite or pinnate above, with white scarious margins below; umbellets many-flowered, 1-2cm across; involucels of 8—10 lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins, nearly as long as umbellets, reflexed in fruit; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals whitish or greenish-yellowish, ovate, tapering at base, with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 5—-5.5mm long, ca. 4mm wide, mericarps with 5 broad nearly equal plicate-undulant wings, covered with vesicular verrucae between ribs; oil tubes absent; stylopodium flat-pulvinate; styles recurved, longer than stylopodium. July. (Plate XV, Figure 14.) Alpine slopes, 3,000—3,400m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. (Darvaza and Shugnan). Endemic. Described from sources of Gul'bed River and margins of Abdul-Gasan glacier. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Simplices Schischk.— Unbel rays 5-12. 4. A.simplex Rupr. Sert. tiansch. (1869) 49.- A. rupestre M. Pop. in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. ispyt. prir. nov. ser. XLIV (1935) 129, p.p.— A.tenuisectum Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. Bot. i Zool. Akad. Nauk :UzSSR, XII (1948) 16.— A. roseum Korov. l.c. (1948) 18.— Albertia commutata Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 604, ex p. Perennial; root thick, vertical or ascending, sometimes multicipital; stem single or few, 10—50cm high, sulcate, like leaves glabrous, erect or 173 245 ascending at base, simple or branching, sometimes leafless, often with 1 leaf; radical leaves numerous, rarely few, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, their petioles long, as long as or 2—3 times as long as blade; blade broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, paler beneath, 3-6 cm long, 1—3.5cm wide; primary lobes broadly ovate, incised-dentate or pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear acute teeth (or segments). Main umbel 2—7cm across, of 5—10 irregular, furrowed rays glabrous or slightly scarious above; involucre of 3-8 lanceolate, entire or pinnatifid leaflets with scarious margins; umbellets 5—10mm across, with numerous, crowded pedicels; involucels of 8 lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, scarious, acute leaflets, usually as long as pedicels; petals whitish-greenish or pinkish; fruit broadly ovoid, 3—4mm long, 2.5—3.5mm wide, with 5 winged ribs, their margins often undulant. July-August. (Plate XV, Figure 12.) Stony coastal slopes in alpine belt, alpine meadows 3,300m, Central Asian mountain juniper forests, herbaceous slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu- Tarb. (Dzungarian Ala-Tau), T. Sh.,Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Sinkiang. Described from Tien Shan, Dzhaman-Daben and Tashrabat passes. Type in Leningrad. Note. Typically the plant is easily distinguished from A.anomalum Ldb. which it sometimes closely resembles in habit, but varies markedly in its dimensions. It grows more to the south and reaches the north of Dzungarian Ala-Tau as against A. anomalum which is confined to Altai and the mountains along the upper Yenisei River. There are also some records of A. anomalum from Dzungaria and Zailiiski Ala-Tau. In habit, A. simplex is very close to the species of Pachypleurum but in the flowering stage it is easily distinguished by its extremely unequal umbel rays, while in Pachypleurum they are nearly equal; in fruit the winged ribs are equal, thin; in Pachypleurum the styles are several times as long as the stylopodium; in A.simplex they are shorter or slightly longer. 5. A.turkestanicum (Franch.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Pleuro- spermum (Hymenolaena) turkestanicum Franch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. XVI (1883) 295.— A.latipennum Pavl. in Byull. Mosk. obshch. ispyt. prir. Nov. ser. XLVII, 1 (1938) 81.-— A. pratense Korov. in Bot. Mat. gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 17.— dr a @hwyydanuiadr turkestanicum Lipsky from O. and B. Fedchenko, Perech. rast. Turk. II (1909) 123. Perennial; root elongate, cylindrical, rather thick, its neck surrounded with brown leaf remnants; stem 40—80cm high, erect, angular, acutely ribbed in upper part, branching from middle; radical leaves 3—5, their petioles as long as or twice as long as blade; blade broadly ovate, 8-12cm long, 4-5 cm wide, pinnatisect into ovate or obovate, 2-—4cm long, 1-1.5cm wide sessile lobes; pinnatisect in turn into ovate cuneate lobules, incised- dentate in upper half; lower cauline leaves similar, the upper smaller and less dissected; sheaths short, narrow, with scarious margin. Umbel rays 5—12, glabrous or sometimes slightly scabrous above, thin, irregular, 2—5cm long; leaflets of involucre 4—6, linear, with scarious margins, sometimes incised at apex, divergent, 5-6mm long; umbellets 5-6mm across, 10-flowered; leaflets of involucels 3—4, oblong-lanceolate or linear, 174 246 with scarious margins, nearly as long as rays; calyx-teeth small, tri- angular; petals clawed, with narrow inward curved tip, 1.5—1.7mm long; stylopodium dark green or olive, flat with undulant margin; styles recurved, nearly as long as stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 4-59mm long, with narrowly winged undulant or dentate ribs; valleculae finely vesicular-verrucose; canals solitary in valleculae, usually absent at commissure. July—August. Subalpine meadows.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.)? Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from W. Tien Shan. Type in Paris. Subgenus 2. Trachydiella Schischk. subg. nov. in Addenda XV, 428. Petals slightly yellowish; leaflets of involucels much shorter than rays. 6. A.tianschanicum (Korov.) C.Norman in Journ. Bot. Lond. LXXVI (1938) 233.— Trachydium tianschanicum Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VII, Suppl. (1924) 23.— Exs.: H.F.A.M. No. 29. Perennial; root thick, vertical or oblique; stem single or few, 20-50cm high, sulcate, like leaves glabrous, erect, slightly flexuose, leafy, branching from middle or beyond; radical leaves numerous, petioles long, abruptly expanding to sheath, the blades oblong or broadly ovatebi- or tripinnatisect, paler beneath; primary lobes pinnatisect, secondary lobes cut nearly to base into lanceolate-linear acute lobules. Umbels 2—7cm across, of 5—10 glabrous furrowed rays; general involucre of 3—8 lanceolate leaflets with broad scarious margin, often cut into few teeth at apex; umbellets of fo—13 rays, 9-10mm across; involucels of 2—5 lanceolate leaflets with broad scarious margins, usually shorter than pedicels, sometimes involucre absent; petals white, pink or slightly yellowish; fruit broadly ovoid, slightly compressed laterally, 2—-4mm long, with broad sometimes undulant winged ribs. June—July. Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (W.). Endemic. Described from Aleksandr Range. Type in Tashkent. Genus 980. TRACHYDIUM * Lindl. Lindl. in Royle, Ilustr. Bot. Himal. (1836) 232 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; -petals obovate, notched, with small inward curved lobule in notch; fruit ovoid or subglobose, slightly compressed laterally, slightly tapering along commissure; mericarps with 5 prominent ribs, densely covered with small white verrucae; canals single or 2 in valleculae. Perennial low mountain herbs, with bi-tripinnate leaves. Trachydium has up to 10 species distributed in the Himalayas, mountains of Iran and Asia Minor. 1. Fruit 1—1.5mm long, nearly as wide ..... 1. T.kopetdaghense Korov. cu: Fruit 4mm long, 3-3.5mm wide ........ 2. T.dichotomum Korov. * From the Greek trachys — rough, uneven, referring to the small verrucae which densely cover the valleculae. 175 (247) i Ay Wy i : Ww \ i) (U) 4 qs ( = y A ay \ Wh OU _aiian UY ey iS) ~ fj Mth "4 Wf Baw | 1 / SOs PLATE XVIIla: 1— Eleutherospermum cicutarium (M.B.) Boiss.; 2— Lecokia (Lam.) DC. Cneinen WG 49 250 1. T. kopetdaghense Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VII, Suppl. (1924) 23, b, note. Perennial; root long, vertical, 3-5mm thick, multicipital, its collar densely covered with dark brown leaf remnants; stems few, 20—40 cm high, bearing from base or middle few obliquely ascending branches, like leaves glabrous; radical leaves numerous, their petioles nearly as long as blade; blade oblong, bi- or nearly tripinnatisect, with 2—4 primary lobes and small, ovate or lanceolate, 1.5-3mm long, 0.5—1mm wide lobules of the last order. Umbels 2—5cm across, of (4)5(9) unequal glabrous verrucose rays; in- volucre of 3—5 linear-lanceolate leaflets with scarious margins, much shorter than rays; umbellets on unequal pedicels of 5-10 rays; involucels of 3—5 lanceolate nearly entire scarious leaflets, shorter than pedicels; petals yellow; fruit subglobose, small, ca. 1—1.5mm long and nearly as wide, rather densely covered with small white verrucae; stylopodium short- conical. (Plate XV, Figure 16.) Mountain meadows and herbaceous slopes, to 2,000m.— Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al., Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, Kugitang). Endemic. Described from the mountains of Kopet Dagh. Type in Tashkent. 2. T.dichotomum Korov. in Bot. mat. Gerb. Inst. bot. i zool. AN UzSSR, XII (1948) 19. Perennial; root rather thick, ascending or vertical, its collar densely covered with black-brown leaf remnants; stem solitary or few, 10—40 cm high, erect, like leaves glabrous, bearing nearly from base 1—3 cauline leaves and few obliquely ascending branches; radical leaves more or less numerous, their petioles usually shorter than the blades; blade oblong or ovate, 2-6 cm long, 1—-3cm wide, bi- or tripinnate with 3-5 pairs of ovate primary lobes and pinnatisect lobes of the second order; especially lower leaves pinnatifid into linear-oblong acute lobes; cauline leaves much smaller and less dissected. Umbels of 3—6 unequal slightly furrowed glabrous rays; involucre of 3—5 unequal lanceolate acute leaflets with broad scarious margins, 3—7 times shorter than umbel rays; umbellets 5—7-flowered; involucels of 3—5 lanceolate leaflets with broad scarious margins as long as or shorter than pedicels; fruit ovoid, dark, compressed laterally with filiform ribs, 4mm long, 3—3.5mm wide, covered with white verrucae; valleculae with 1 canal, 2 canals at commissure. June. Stony slopes and subalpine belt. — Centr. Asia: Pam.-Al. Endemic. Described from Kugitang Range. Type in Tashkent. Genus 981. EREMODAUCUS * Bee. Bge. in Delect. sem. Horti Dorpat. (1843) VI; (1844) 151.-—Trachydium subgen. Eremodaucus Drude in Engl. u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III, 8 (1898) 172. Calyx-teeth broadly triangular, inconspicuous; petals white, obcordate, with inward curved lobe; fruit cylindrical-flattened, slightly compressed laterally; stylopodium short-conical; styles divergent, stigma capitate; stylopodium with 3 acute dorsal ribs and 2 less developed lateral ribs, * From the Greek eremos — desert, daukon — carrot. 177 densely covered with verrucose eminences; carpophore not separating; albumen deeply notched toward commissure. Annual, with tripinnatisect leaves. A monotypic genus endemic to Central Asia, E. Transcaucasia, and Afghanistan. 1. E.lehmannii Bge. in Delect. sem. Horti Dorpat. (1843) p. VI; Rel. Lehman. in Mém. Sav. etr. Acad. Pétersb. VII (1851) 317; Boiss. Fl. or. II, 930; Lipskii in Tr. Bot. Sada, XVIII (1900) 55; Grossg., Fl. Kavk. II, 142.“ Albertia’ miargaritifemal Rel Set Schmalhe vin wir sehen sade V (1878) 605.— Trachydium lehmanni Bent. et Hook. Gen. plett (1867) 884.— Ic.: Aitchison in Trans. Linn. 2 ser. vol. III, tab. XI (1888); Drude in Engl. u. Prantl. Naturl. Pflanzenfam.III Th. 8 Abth. f.63; H.F. A.M. No. 237. Annual; stem 15-110 cm high, glabrous, slightly ribbed, branching; radical and lower cauline leaves with long petioles expanding to sheath; blade tripinnatisect, lanceolate-triangular or triangular; primary lobes lanceolate; upper leaves smaller, subsessile; the cauline leaves subtend reduced lateral branches appearing like bundles of leaves. Umbels of 5—15 unequal smooth rays, the central rays very short, the marginal recurved in fruit; involucre of 5 oblong leaflets sometimes pinnatifid above with broadly scarious margin, reflexed in fruit; umbellets numerous; flowers on short pedicels; leaflets of involucels 3, oval with broad scarious margins, and short mucro; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, 2—3mm long; fruit compressed laterally, cylindrical-flattened, 3.5mm long,4mm wide; after fruits abscise the pedicels, especially the marginal ones, turn into spines. May-June. (Plate XIII, Figure 2.) Artemisia-mixed herb-feather-grass and sandy steppes near arable lands, clearings, among wheat, flax, alfalfa, on bogara (arid, non-irrigated serozem or montane chestnut soils in Central Asia), to 1,500m.— Caucasus: 251 E.Transc. (introduced into Apsheron Peninsula); Centr. Asia: Syie Des Amu D., Mtn. Turkm., Pam.-Al. Gen. distr.: Iran. (N. Iran, Afghanistan). Described from Katta-Kurgan near Bukhara. Type in Paris. Genus 982. LECOKIA* DC. DC. Collect. des Mém.V (1829) 67 Flowers bisexual or polygamous; calyx-teeth short; petals obovate, with inward curved tip; fruit elliptic or ovoid, tapering above and below, compressed laterally; stylopodium conical, with suberect hardening styles; mericarps subcircular in cross section, the broad thick obtuse ribs covered with hamate bristles; valleculae very narrow, slit-like; stereomes large, reniform in cross section, confinedtoribs; canals numerous, arranged in ring; albumen with deep furrow toward commissure. Perennial glabrous herbs, their leaves bipinnatisect, with ovate terminal lobes. A monotypic genus distributed from Crete to Iran. * After Henry Lecog (1804—1871), professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden in Clermont (France). 178 252 1. L.cretica (Lam.) DC. Collect. des Mém. V (1829) 67; DC. Prodr. Vine 4.0-0 NidbaAvlASRoOssS slitao9s eborss she moicaly Dols) INozo—Eoljean West. Tifl. Bot. Sada, 38—39 (1916) 156; Grossg., Fl. Kavk.III,142.—Cachrys Grae ice alam. a Dictaia(!789))| 259.— ican di xs lati holla silbth. Hil iGraec. III (1819) tab. 284.— Ic.: Kozo-Pol., ibid., tabl. 7 (1916) Sibth. l.c. tab. 284; Tr. Yur'evsk. Bot. Sada (1914) 45 (fruit). Perennial; plant entirely glabrous; root thick, woody; stem single, erect, 5—8mm thick, 35—50cm high, nearly simple, angular-ribbed; radical leaves triangular, 25—40cm long, 20—35cm wide, bipinnatisect, their petioles expanding to sheath; terminal lobes ovate, 4.5-—7cm long, 3-4cm wide, cuneate or rounded at base, acuminate, entire, or 2—3-lobed, equally dentate; cauline leaves sessile on broadly ovate, inflated, membranous, semiamplexi- caul sheath. Terminal umbel much larger than the others, 5-10cm across, of 5—12 thickish, divergent, ribbed rays; lateral umbels of 10—15 long- pediceled staminate flowers; involucre 0; leaflets of involucels subulate; calyx-teeth very small, acute; petals white; fruit elliptic or ovoid, to 10— 15mm long. May. (Plate XVIlIla, Figure 2.) Shady forests.— Caucasus: Tal. Gen. distr.: Bal.-As. Min. (As. Min.), Iran. (N.). Described from Crete. Dypemn tears: Genus 983* HIPPOMARATHRUM ** Hoffmgg. et Link Hoffmgg. et Link, Fl. Port.II (1820) 411; Link, Enum. hort. Berol.I (1821) 271 Calyx-teeth distinct; petals yellow, rather broad, with inward curved tip; stylopodium short-conical, sometimes with slightly undulant margin; fruit ovoid, subglobose or wider than long, slightly compressed laterally or contracted along suture, dorsal ribs large, robust, equal, subtriangular, protruding, tuberculate, rugose or smooth; aerophores absent; ribbed stereomes strongly developed, subtriangular in cross section; further small single, often paired stereomes in the valleculae; oil tubes numerous, often irregularly arranged; carpophore 2-partite; endosperm deeply incised, with inturned margins. Tall perennials, with strongly branching stem; leaves many times pinnatipartite into strong, narrow linear, sometimes spinose lobules; umbels many-rayed; leaflets of involucre and involucels numerous, entire. 1. Terminal lobules short, thicker, strong, 3—6(9)mm long ..... a SRI Got Sa RRR ICE Rao 2. H.caspium (DC.) Grossh. 1 Terminal lobules long, usually not less than lcm,rarely 0.8cm ....2. 4, Weraanuinel Iolo USA Gian eiayes weeursllyy oO) ALD) Oi BC 44 6 5 5 5 a 8 Oe eS I RR PN cen He RR 1. H.microcarpum (M.B.) B. Fedtsch. a erminal: lobules) thinnerlonger, 4—8(9)\cm long 4s 4a). tie SEIT Cena eae Oo ene, eee eae 3. H. longilobum (DC.) B. Fedtsch. * Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko. ** From the Greek hippos — horse, marathon — fennel (horse-fennel), presumably referring to the resemblance of the leaves to those of fennel. is 253 254 1. H.microcarpum (M.B.) B. Fedtsch. comb. nov.- H. crispum Koch in Nova Act. Nat. Cur. XII (1824) 136.- Cachrys microcarpa M.B. Tableau (1798) 113; M.B. Beschr. Land. zw. Terek u. Kura (1800) 16%; M.Bi Pl. taun--cauc., 1(1808) 218.—(C.er isa jPers.Synops: splat (1805) 311; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 357.- Rumia microcarpa Hoffm. Umbellifer. ed. 2 (1816) 175.— Aegomarathrum crispum Steud. Nomencl. ed.2,1 (1840) 30.— Ic.: Hoffm. l.c. f. tit. 3,21: K.-Pol. Sciadoph. lineam. fig. XVII. Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely glabrous, rarely short-hairy; stems robust, angular-ribbed, strongly branching above into opposite or whorled branches; radical leaves long-petioled, their blades oblong-ovate, 10—30cm long, 15-20 cm wide, many times parted into filiform mucronate lobules 6-20mm long, ca. 2mm wide; sometimes lobules not as long (var. brachylobum Ldb.); cauline leaves sessile, smaller than radical. Umbels of 7-12 rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels short, linear- lanceolate, acuminate; petals yellow, glabrous; fruit oblong-globose, with thick, obtuse, verrucose ribs; calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium. June—July. Dry hills and herbaceous slopes.— Caucasus: Everywhere, except for Talysh. Gen. distr.: As. Min. (eastern part), Arm.-Kurd., Iran. Described from Transcaucasia, between Kuba and Shemakha (M. Bieberstein). Cotype in Leningrad. Note. H.crispum Koch.,used by many authors, is not valid according to the rules of nomenclature as M. Bieberstein was the first to give it a binary name in 1798. Persoon, in his book published in 1805, referring to Bieberstein, uses the epithet "microcarpa" (Cachrys microcarpa); on the same page there is also the first description of Cachrys crispa, a plant of unknown origin, described after specimens cultivated in the Monier garden at Versailles. 2. H.caspium (DC.) Grossh., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 221.— H. ampli- folium Ldb. in C.A. Mey. Verz. Pfl. Caucas. (1831) 131.—H. erve- PUM vars cE asisilopum Boiss. shit, omit (Lor2) S32n— Ee hinonp meas aspia DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 235.- Cachrys amplifolia Ldb. in Eichw. Casp.-Cauc. (1831) 6,12.— Ic.: Eichw. l.c. tab. IX. Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely, but especially stems and branches, short-scabrous; stems angular, strongly branching above, with opposite or whorled branches; lower leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, many times parted into short, linear-subulate lobules; blades 20—30cm long, 15—20cm wide; lobules 4— 6(9) mm long, 1—1.25mm wide, stiff, acuminate, nearly spinose; cauline leaves sessile, smaller. Umbels of 7—12 rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels short, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, flowers yellow; petals glabrous; fruit wider than long, the ribs thick, obtuse, verrucose; calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium. June. Coastal hills.— Caucasus: E.Transc. (near Baku). Endemic. Described from Sal'yany near Baku (Ganzen collections). Type in Geneva. 3. H.longilobum (DC.) B. Fedtsch. ex Grossg., Opred. rast. Kavk. (1949) 221, erroneously "“longifolium.''— H.crispum var. longilobum Boiss. Fl. or. II (1872) 932.- Cachrys longiloba DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 237. 180 257 Perennial; plant 100—150cm high, entirely glabrous or short haired; stems slightly angular, strongly branching above, branches opposite or whorled; leaves glabrous, rounded-ovate, many times parted into filiform mucronate lobules; radical leaves petiolate, blades 25-35 cm long, 15— 25 cm wide, lobules (3)5—8.5(9.5)cm long, 1mm wide, slightly arcuate; cauline leaves smaller, sessile. Umbels of 7-12 rays; leaflets of involucre andinvolucels large, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate; flowers yellow; petals glabrous; fruit wider than long, the ribs thick, obtuse, verrucose; calyx-teeth obtuse, shorter than stylopodium. June. Mountain slopes. — Caucasus: S.Transc. (Karabakh). Gen. distr.: N. Iran (province of Khoi) and Azerbaidzhan. Described from the province of Khoi (Shovits). Type in Geneva. Genus 984. CACHRYS* L. emend. Koch L. Gen. pl. ed.I (1737) 75; Koch in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.xI1 (1824) 1385.— Cachrys sect. Eucachrys DC. Prodr.IV (1830) 236. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous or short; petals yellow, entire with inward curved tip, fruit broadly ovoid or ovoid-oblong, with thick spongy pericarp and inconspicuous ribs; canals numerous, thin, close to surface of seed; albumen deeply concave toward commissure. Perennial herbs, with 3—4- pinnate leaves. Of the 22 species distributed mostly in the East Mediterranean floristic region, 5 are endemics with narrow distribution areas in the Soviet Union. 1. Entire plant glabrous (European DATE ack ye ean kee (eG alpiga Vis. a Ritant mleqerOleleSSepuoeS@eMt 0m Gia) ien oc! =i ce ote cae eiecl ” -) 2. 2. Terminal leaf lobules 5-20mm long, 0.6mm wide .....-+.-.-+-+:: 3. + Terminal leaf lobules 2-4mm long, 0.5-l1mm wide .......-.--- 4. 3. Terminal leaf lobules glabrous, straight; umbels of 5-10 rays wh Silos SPREE T AGES, Su ceionc soar Neameran ection chmoitcwciia ropes 2. C.macrocarpa Ldb. it Terminal leaf lobules densely covered with short stiff hairs, often arcuate; umbels of 8-loO rays ...-.--+-+++++-2:5 3. C.herderi Rgl. 4. Stems 25—30cm high, lobules oblong-linear, 2-3mm long, 1mm wide; fruit obovoid, 6-10mm long, 5—7mm wide ..---+-++-++-+++:+-::> Re a ee EE PEMA ChS. conc MM GELE eis. ccekuy cogs 5. C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk. ar Stems 60—90cm high; lobules linear, 3—4mm long, 0.5—0.8mm wide; fruit oblong-ovoid, 10—12mm long, 4-5mm wide ..--+++-++--+-++:: sto A ESI 5 Es rooney. se AL MenRe ge Mee ois) (9.2 9.8) smc 4. C.odontalgica Pall Series 1. Alpinae Schischk.— Plant completely glabrous; fruit broadly ovoid, with inconspicuous ribs. 1. C.alpina M.B. FI. taur.-cauc.I (1808) 217; DC. Prodr.IV, 237; Ldb. Fl. Ross.II, 357; Schmal'g., Fl.1, 428.— Exs.: G.R.F. No.1721. * From the Greek cachrys, its ancient Greek name. 181 (255) (A f ly DNE A SEZ SN NA Me Wy. | Si VT Ate < zeit \* \\y LNDS: > WS : SS S aM) = > PLATE XIX. 1—Cachrys macrocarpa Ldb.; 2—Cryptodiscus cachroides Schrenk. 182 Perennial; plant 60—100cm high, entirely glabrous; stem erect, branch- ing above, slightly ribbed; radical leaves broadly triangular, ternate at base, 3—4-pinnatisect, together with petioles 40—50cm long, 50-60cm wide, on petioles more or less long; lobules filiform or hair-like, more or less arcuate, 2.5—6cm long, with short mucro; cauline leaves similar but smaller. Terminal umbels larger than the others, 6-8 cm across, of 8—15 glabrous rays; involucre and involucels of 3—5 bristly, linear or lanceolate, acute leaflets with scarious margin; petals yellow; fruit 1.2-1.8cm long, 0.6—1 cm wide, ovoid, with obscure longitudinal furrows. May. Southern mountain slopes, light oak and pine forests. — European part: L. Don (Kazanskaya village),Crim. Gen. distr.: Bal. Described from the Crimea. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Macrocarpae Schischk.— Plant pubescent; fruit ovoid, its ribs prominent, sometimes winged; terminal leaf lobules 5—20mm long. 2. C.macrocarpa Ldb. FI. alt.I (1829) 364; Fl. Ross.Il, 356; Kryl., Hi eZape sibs Wille 2039.— les: ledbw ies ply bike Ross. LV) taboo. Perennial; stems few, 30—60cm high, sulcate, covered with short stiff hairs, becoming subglabrous, branching above, its base covered with remnants of petioles; radical leaves numerous, triangular, 25—30cm long, slightly wider, ternate at base, on short petioles; primary lobes on rather long petiolules (to 10cm), 2—3-pinnate, lobules of the last order linear, straight, acuminate, glabrous, 5-20 mm long, 0.5-—l1mm wide; petioles and sheaths covered with short hairs, becoming subglabrous; cauline leaves smaller, less finely dissected, with short sheaths. Umbels in corymbiform panicle; terminal umbels larger than the others, 12—15cm across, of — 5-10 glabrous or slightly scabrous rays; involucre of 5 short, linear or ovate leaflets with scarious margin; involucels of ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, scarious leaflets many times shorter than rays; calyx-teeth incon- spicuous; petals yellow; fruit ovoid with rounded apex, 1—1.8cm long, 0.6—1.2 cm wide, subcircular in cross section, primary ribs prominent, nearly winged, the secondary narrower; pericarp thick, spongy, separating lengthwise into 10 rhombic lobes (?). May-June. (Plate XIX, Figure 1). Stony and herbaceous slopes, on rocks.— W. Siberia: Alt.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp., Balkh., Dzu.-Tarb. (Saur). Endemic. Described from near Ust-Kamenogorsk, Bukhtarminsk and Lake Zaisan. Type in Leningrad. 3. C.herderi Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V, 2 (1878) 601. Perennial; stems 30—70cm high, single, ribbed, very short-scabrous to hairy, branching from base or middle; radical leaves broadly triangular or broadly ovate, with petioles 15-40 cm long, 7-30cm wide, rather densely covered with short stiff hairs, 3-4-pinnate, ternate at base; primary lobes on 2.5-8cm long petiolules; lobules of the last order linear, acuminate, often curved, 1—2cm long, 0.5—1mm wide, with very short stiff hairs; cauline leaves smaller, less dissected, with short sheaths. Terminal umbels larger than the others, 8—15cm across, of 8-15 glabrous or scabrous rays; leaflets of involucre and involucels 3—7, linear with scarious margins, partly caducous; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow, ca. 1mm long, 183 259 260 with inward curved tip; fruit broadly ovoid, 1.5—2cm long, ca. 1cm wide, with spongy pericarp, without ribs. June. Stony slopes.— Centr. Asia: Dzu.-Tarb. (Dzhungarian Ala-Tau). Endemic. Described from Kara Cheka. Type in Leningrad. Series 3. Odontalgicae Schischk.— Plant pubescent; fruit oblong-ovoid, without noticeable ribs, terminal leaf lobules 2-4mm long. 4. C.odontalgica Pall. Reise III, Anhang (1776) 720; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II 396,ex p.; 4Shmial"o {F1. 1, 4275, Gross¢., Fl.) Kavk/ Ill, 143g — es Palltiae: tab= Grip os) Hil Yugo NVOSt. Wairoa). Perennial; root 1—1.5cm thick, erect, its neck covered with fibrous leaf remnants; stem 60—90cm high, erect, ribbed, branching, like leaves with short scabrous hairs; radical leaves broadly triangular, petioles nearly as long as blade; blade 10-12 cm long, 8-13 cm wide, 3—4-pinnatisect; primary and secondary lobes petioluled, lobules of the last order linear, 3—4mm long, 0.5-—0.8mm wide, obtuse; cauline leaves smaller, less dis- sected, sessile on short expanded sheath. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 4—7 glabrous rays; umbellets 5—10-flowered; involucre and involucels of 5—7 linear-lanceolate, ciliate leaflets; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow with inward curved tip, glabrous outside; fruit oblong-ovoid, obtusely truncate, smooth, 10-12 mm long, 4-5mm wide, without ribs; stylopodium short-conical; styles twice as long as stylopodium, divergent, with recurved tips.. Fl. May—June. Fr. June-July. In wormwood and kokpekty steppes, solonetz meadows.— European part: Bl., L. Don, Transv., L. V., Crim. (Kerch Peninsula); Caucasus: Cisc.; Centr. Asia: Ar.-Casp. Endemic. Described lafter material collected on] a journey between the Volga and Yaik (now Ural River). Type in London. 5. C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk. comb. nov.— Ferula pubescens Pall. ex Schult. Syst. VI (1820) 598; DC. Prodr.IV,174.— C.odontal- oi Ca sknyl Aue PZalp, asibe VIM, 21038 mon; Pall; Perennial; entire plant covered with short glandular hairs; stem 25— 30cm tall, erect, branching in upper part, its base covered with fibrous remnants of petioles; radical leaves on 1.5—5cm petioles with oblong- ovate, 3—4-pinnate blade 4—8cm long, 2—4cm wide; primary lobes and basal lobes of the second order petioluled, the others sessile, lobules of the last order linear-oblong, obtuse, 2-3mm long, 1mm wide; cauline leaves small, slightly dissected. Umbels 2—4cm across, of 3—7 rays gathered in paniculate inflorescence; umbellets 5—10-flowered; involucre and in- volucels of few small caducous leaflets; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals greenish-yellowish, dorsally short-haired; fruit obovoid, obtusely truncate, circular in cross section, smooth, without ribs, 6-10mm long, 5-7mm wide. May—June. Sandy and solonetz steppes.— W.Siberia: Irt., Alt. (W.); Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu-Tarb. Endemic. Described from Siberia. Type was in Berlin. Note. In the East the restored C. pubescens (Pall.) Schischk. vicariates with C. odontalgica. 184 : | Genus 985. CRYPTODISCUS* Schrenk | Schrenk, Enum, pl. nov.1 (1841) 64 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals white, not notched, with inward curved tip; fruit geminate, with thick spongy pericarp, glabrous or densely pubescent; the marked contortion of the mericarps from base to apex has caused the stylopodium to be sunk in the slit between the mericarps and to become outwardly inconspicuous in ripe fruits; ribs 5 per mericarp, faint; albumen deeply concave. Perennial herbs with large 3-pinnatisect petiolate radical leaves. | Four species in the deserts of Central Asia and Iran. ie remit densely white-haired — 72". 6 <2 6. 1. C.ammophilus Bge. + Ripe fruit glabrous or with sparse hairs ......-.-+++++++-+-- 2. 2. Lower part of stems and leaves gray from dense pubescence (Muyun- TRGULIG GL) Iya tat aC a era ca ae OP hla Ia 4. C.arenarius Schischk. ay Plant green, less densely hairy or subglabrous ......-.--+-+-+-+-- 3. 3. Leaves deeply triangular, primary and secondary lobes petioluled PO ee ak SMS RETO SENN ae Sah I 2. C.didymus (Rgl.) Korov. ae Leaves oblong, primary and secondary leaves sessile ........--.- = chaiby Gera eee Saker Mii il eerie a Aer ie ese ieee 3. C.cachroides Schrenk. Series 1. Ammophili Schischk.— Ripe fruit densely pubescent. 1. C.ammophilus Bge. in Mém. sav. étr. Acad. Petersb. VII (1851) 351.— Cachrys korolkowii Rgl. et Schmalh. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1878) 602.- C. ammophila K.-Pol. in Izv. Mosk. Obshch. isp. Wieiies Nov. ser. XXIX (1915) 163. ; Perennial; root long, ascending, its neck covered with fibrous remnants of petioles; stem single, 40—80cm high, erect, obtusely angular, slightly furrowed, glabrous, nearly leafless, with few thin branches; radical leaves long-petioled, canaliculate in upper part; blade ca. 20cm long, glabrous, broadly ovate, tripinnatisect, its lobes far removed; primary lobes more or less long-petioluled, the secondary sessile or short-petioluled, the lower ternate, the upper simple, lanceolate or ovate, acute, with inward turned margins, 0.5-1.5cm long, 1-5 mmwide; cauline leaves usually absent, rarely 1 or 2 reduced leaves on sheaths; blade pinnatisect into narrowly linear, entire lobes. Umbels 2—5cm across, terminal on main stem and branches, long-pedunculate, of 5, rarely 3 or 6 glabrous rays; leaflets of involucre 3—5, lanceolate-subulate, with narrow scarious margins, covered with gossamer hair; involucels of 5 lanceolate, thinly acuminate, Sites haired leaflets as long as or slightly shorter than umbels; umbellets 12- flowered, their rays very short at flowering, elongating in fruit; petals greenish, broadly ovate, abruptly tapering to very short inward curved tip, grayish-hairy outside; fruit geminate, densely white-haired, 6—7 mm long, 7—10mm wide; stylopodium flat, blackish-greenish; styles filiform, spreading, caducous; canals numerous. April—June. * From the Greek cryptos — hidden, discos — disk, referring to stylopodium. 185 262 | Sands.— Centr. Asia: Kara K.,Kyz. K., Mtn. Turkm. (Kopet Dagh, | Kuru-Gaudan). Endemic. Described from the unfixed sands of Batka- Kum) Endemic. Type in Leningrad. Series 2. Didymi Schischk.— Ripe fruit glabrous. 2. C.didymus (Rgl.) Korov. in Byull. Sredneaz. Gos. univ. VII, Suppl. (1924) 23.- Cachrys didyma Rgl. in Tr. Bot. Sada, V (1877) 601, ex Dey ple otantanarmn esc: — Tscse: Ewha \ VINO a0): Perennial; root vertical or ascending, 0.8—1.2 cm thick, its neck dens ell covered with brown leaf remnants; stem ca. 50cm high, erect, shortly and densely scabrous-hairy, below, subglabrous in inflorescence, cylindrical, thinly sulcate, branching from middle; radical leaves short-petiolate, ovate-triangular, 15—20cm long, 5—30cm wide, scabrous hairy, 3-pinnati- sect with primary lobes on 1—5cm long petiolules, lobules of the last order lanceolate-linear, 2—10mm long, 0.5-1mm wide. Umbels 3—5cm across, | of 4—6 glabrous rays; involucre absent or of 2—3 small sometimes ciliate | lanceolate leaflets; umbellets ca. 1cm across; involucels of 5 very short 7 ca. 1mm long, lanceolate nearly entire scarious leaflets usually with ciliate margins; ovary glabrous; stylopodium flattened with pubescent margins, — hidden in ripe fruit; fruit geminate, 4-9mm long, 6-16mm wide; mericarp subglobular. May. (Plate XXX, Figure 1.) | Clayey or sandy deserts, wormwood-grass complexes, often solonetzic. — Centr. Asia: T. Sh. (environs of Frunze and elsewhere), Syr D. (Mogol- Tau, Mirza Chul). Type in Leningrad. Note. The specimens from the environs of Frunze did not fully match the description of the type of C. didymus (Rgl.) Korov., but the material in the Herbarium of the Botanical Institute is quite inadequate. The attentic of future investigators is drawn to the plants from the vicinity of Frunze. 3. C.cachroides Schrenk, Enum. pl. nov.I (1841) 65; Ldb. Fl. Ross. II, 367.— C. rutaefolia Bge. in Mem. sav. étrang. Acad. Pétersb. VII (1851) 314.- Cachrys cryptodiscus K.-Pol. in Izv. Mosk. Obshch. isp. prir. Nov. ser. XXIX (1915) 163.— C. rutaefolia K.-Pol., ibid, 163.. C Mdhid yimlapkocy lel Zap. sib. Vili 203 oe nonprede Perennial; root 5—12cm thick, vertical, its neck covered with fibrous leaf remnants; stems few or single, 25—60cm high, especially in lower part densely covered with short stiff hairs, obscurely furrowed, with whorled or opposite branches; radical leaves numerous, their petioles shorter than the oblong, 10-20 cm long, 3-5mm wide, glabrous, bi- or nearly tripinnate blade, with sessile primary pinnate lobes; secondary lobes ovate, 6-15mm long, pinnatifid into acute ovate-lanceolate lobules; cauline leaves few, sessile on expanded sheath, smaller, not as deeply cut. Umbels of 3—6 stiff-haired or subglabrous rays; involucre of 5—7 linear glabrous acute erect leaflets shorter than umbel rays; umbellets 10—20-flowered; in- volucels of 5—7 linear spreading leaflets ciliate at margins; ovary densely covered with rather long hairs; unripe fruit covered with whitish thickish very short sparse hairs; mature fruit glabrous, 5-7mm long, 8-10mm wide; mericarps subcylindrical. April-May. (Plate XIX, Figure 2.) 186 Moving and fixed sands. — W.Siberia: Irt.; Centr. Asia: Balkh., Dzu.- Tarb.,Syr D. Gen. distr.: sands along the Irtysh. Described from near Lake Alakul' (Schrenk) between the source of the Sassykpastau and the Arganat Mountains. Type in Leningrad. Note. The specimens collected by Karelin and Kirillov do not mention -checachroides Shrenk. On the label Lipsky divides them into the independent species C.karelini Lipsky. In view of the above specimens being inadequate for a description of the species, we are leaving this question open. 4. C.arenarius Schischk. sp. nova in Addenda XV, 428. Perennial; root vertical, ca. 1cm thick, collar densely covered with fibrous leaf remnants; stem angular, with whorled branches, densely soft- hairy in lower half, subglabrous above, 30-40 cm tall; radical leaves on long densely pubescent petioles gradually tapering to long gradually ex- panding sheath; blade triangular, tripinnatisect, 15-20 cm long, 10-12cm wide, densely pubescent; primary lobes petioluled, the secondary sessile, the terminal linear, 2—-7mm long, ca. 0.5mm wide. Umbels of 5-6 rays becoming glabrous; involucre of 2—5 linear densely pubescent leaflets; involucels of 3—5 short linear pubescent leaflets; flowers unknown; fruit 10-12mm long, ca. 15mm wide; mericarps subcylindrical, smooth. Fr. June. Hilly ridge sands, wormwood-grass complex. — Centr. Asia: Balkh. (sands of Muyun-Kum). Endemic. Described from Muyun-Kum. Type in Leningrad. Genus 986.* PRANGOS ** Lindl. Lindl. in Quart. Journ. Sc.XIX (1825) 7 Calyx-teeth inconspicuous; petals yellow with inward curved tip; fruit oblong, subcircular in cross section, with broad commissure; stylopodium short-conical, often with undulant margins; mericarps subglobular; primary ribs thickish, spongy or cork-like, dorsal ribs with wing-like extensions; wings flat or undulant; canals numerous, adjacent to the broadly notched albumen with incurved margins. Rather large perennial plants, glabrous or pubescent, with many times pinnatifid leaves and filiform or lanceolate terminal lobules; leaflets of involucre and involucels numerous. Up to 25 species in the Mediterranean area, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan and E. India. Stas EIAereeUIS OUST BINS BP araretals Gre char! a eMoveMahe G's 6 bo Ge atel og NAVAS ST SENS atieonaverBmehave bUle Nols EEA Bae Taner ero GO MoM a NG Go 57 65 ono a aS TeavoueS) Ore MkSieiss whavelblliealy Merc) SNS a oo Noes oo aoPeN re! a Sys p ior) aTp ar 1S) ap i * Treatment by B.A.Fedchenko, revised by B.K.Shishkin. ** Indian name of the plant. 187 Betale hate Ouse Hse ero es Sela 1. P.acaulis (DC.) Bornm. 265 3. Fruit slightly compressed dorsally, broadly oval or subcircular in CROSS SECHONE\s Giri Sh eke Reel seh cae 2. P. ferulacea (L.) Lind a Fruit strongly compressed dorsally, narrowly oval in cross section; | plant of Central Asia . .. eee 4. Leaf lobes directed forward, 6—-12(16)mmlong ............. ch apjoliey adh antes Se on Ral Qe ite teks. Cl 3. P.tschimganica B. Fedtse oF Leaf lobes spreading, 4-5mm long ... 4. P.isphairamica B. Fedtse 5. Low plants (20-35 cm), with almost unbranched stem .......... | See ee ORO MAS, PTE a nay one te oes 5. P.aris-romanae Boiss. et Hue a5 Plant highen, branching: stem 24. Mt. .bi. PG.. s . 2 5/5 eee 6. Wing slightly undulant; fruit pyriform... 6. P.bucharica B. Fedtse + Wings strongly undulant, appearing corrugated; fruit never PYLMOLCM «0 tegers! doe vious wellerw «rer by ice nies nee ee eee fw Valleculae-of fruit ‘smooth wh «