iS^.

I

Flora Scoti ca

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The llK%'! JOH3^ LiGIITFOOT

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c /la/u^^/ty^///j / vV/' /7///.1

J^2(!i'.9.

L O ]S^ J) O ^ .
MDCCLXXVII.

^J'rr^/Q ^<^.

FLORA SCOTICA;

6 R, A

SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT,

IN THE

LINN^AN METHOD,

OF THE

NATIVE PLANTS

SCOTLAND AND THE HEBRIDES.

By JOHN LIGHTFOOT, A. M.

?.eflor of Gotham in Nsttlngl-amjhire, and Chaplain to the Duckefs
Doiva^er of Portland.

Where does the Wifdom and the Power divine.
In a more bright and fweet refieftion fhine ?
Where do we finer ftrokes and colours fee
Of the Creator's real poetry.
Than when we with attention look
Upon the third day's volume of the book ?
If we could open and intend our eye, 1

We all like Mo/es Ihould efpy, C

Ev*n in a buih the radiant Deity; j

Cowley,

LONDON-.

PRINTED FOR B. WHITE,
AT HORACE'S HEAD, IN F L E E T- S TRl ET,

M.DCC'iXXVJI.

/^\

TO HEk GRACE
THE MOST NOBLE

MARGARET CAVENDISHE
DUCHESS DOWAGER OF

PORTLAND,

THAT GREAT AND INTELLIGENT ADMIRER

AND PATRONESS

OF NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL,

THE FOLLOWING FLORA,
^AS AN HUMBLE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE

FOR THE MANY UNSOLICITED FAVORS

HER GRACE HAS THOUGHT FIT TO CONFER

UPON HIM)

IS WITH ALL SUBMISSION INSCRIB'D,

BY HER GRACE'S
MOST DUTIFUL CHAPLAIN,
AND MOST RESPECTFUL
AND OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT,

JOHN LIGHTFOOT.

f V I

PREFACE,

THE following Work, fuch as It is>.
owes its appearance to Thomas Pen-r
nant, Efquire,
This gentleman, in his fecond tour and
voyage to the Hebrides, in the fummer of
the year 1772, kindly invited me to par-
take of his company, and did every thing
in his power to promote and facilitate my
journey : a journey I was delirous to un-
dertake, not only as it promifed much va-
riety of amufement and inftrudtion, but
as it flattered me in a particular manner
with a fair opportunity of gratifying a fa-
vorite affedlion I had long conceived for the
a 3 fcience

VI P R E F /^ C E,

fcience of Botany, while it afforded the
enchanting profped: of examining a country^
whofe vegetable productions had been at-
tended to by very few^.

Mr. Fewiant, who was well acquainted
with the ruling paffion of his compaiion,
firfl thought fit to encourage it, by fug-
gefling the compilation of a Flora Sco-
TiCA, and promifing afterwards to uil:ier it
into the world. This promife he hath per-
'formed at Jiis fole expence, in the moft
friendly and difintereiled manner. How
far the public will be obliged to him for
this encouragement is a matter of fome
doubt i but under it's engaging influence I
could not refufe to undertake the work, and
execute it to the beil of my power, both in
juflice to him v/ho was pleas'd to think me
equal to the performance, and for the credit
of m)felf.

Returnino^- therefore mofl: o-rateful acknow-
ledgments to Mr. Fennafit, for the pleafures
I received both in m.y journey and com-
pany with Ijim, I muil now proceed

ta

PREFACE.

to lay before the reader a fhort plan of the
work itfelf, and of the various aids I re-
ceived in the execution of it.

The firft part of the book is a fketch of
Caledonian Zoology^ compos'd by Mr. Fen^
nant, and prefix'd for the benefit of thofe
naturahfts who wifh to be acquainted with
the animals of North Britain.

This is fucceeded by the Flora Scoti-
CA, or a fyflematic arrangement of the indi-
genous plants of Scotland and its ijlands.

This arrangement is entirely after the
fexualov Linncsan method, not only as being
the prefent moft approved and fafhionable,
but the mofl ingenious and convenient, and,
confequently, the moil eligible fyftem hither-
to invented.

It is well known to confift of twenty-four
claiTes or primary divifions ; at the begin-
ning of each of which I have enumerated the
feveral orders and genera contained under it,
together with the (hort characters which
diftinguifli each genus, after the manner of
Linnaiis, in the 1 3th edition of his Syjiema
Natures. This fhort fcheme enables the
a 4 learner

vu

PREFACE.

learner not only to behold at one view the
various genera comprehended under each
clafs, but alfo to diftinguilh readily their
differences, and to difcover fome few fpe-
cies of plants, which would feem to the
'Tyro improperly clafs'd, and might other-
wife baffle his refearches in inveftigating
their names. Thefe irregular fpecies are
therefore, to facilitate his enquiries, printed
in italics, and placed at the foot of the or^
der to which they might feem to belong.

Again, at the head of every genus its ge-
neric characters are exprefs'd more fully, in
conformity to the method of the foremen-
tioned Siijedifi naturalift, with references to
Iiis Genera Vlantariiniy where thofe charadlers
are defcribed at large.

Under each genus are arranged the feveral

fpecies, with their trivial names and fpecific

differences, all taken from the fame author,

unlefs where new fpecies required new

names to be given them.

Then follow references to thofe authors
who have exhibited the heft figures of the
Several fpecies. The books referred to are

ofter^

PREFACE. ; i3f

often indeed voluminous and expenfive, but
they are fuch as will yield much pleafure
and fatisfad:ion to the learner.

Next fucceeds the common Engli/h name
of each fpecies, and afterwards the Scotch
and Gaulic or Krfe names, fo far as they are
generally known and received by the inha-
bitants.

To thefe are fubjoin'd each plant's parti-
cular place of growth or native foil.

To which is added its duration, exprefs'd
by the following ligns, viz. ^ which de^
notes the plant to be annual, <? biennial^
% perennialy and i? a tree ov Jhrub. After-
wards the time of fiowering, iignified by the
following numbers, viz, I. II. III. &c.
correfponding to the months of fanuary,
February, March, &c,

Then follows a fhort defcription of each
plant, or fome few dlllinguilhing chara6ters
of it, fuch as were thought neceffary either
to point out the difference of fpecies moft
nearly allied, or to affiit the learner in afcer-
taining thofe plants which are generally
|eail known, or but ill-defcribed by authors:

fuel)

PREFACE.

fuch efpecially are thofe of the Cryptogamta
clafs, which cofl more time and attention
than all the other twenty-three clafles toge-
ther.

Lafl: of all are fubjoined the various ufes
of each plant, whether ceconomical, medical,
or fuperjiitious , Their ceconomical and medi-
cal ufes are extraded from authors of the
firft credit; for the moil part either from
LtnncEus^ Materia Me die a ^ or Ha Her s Hi-
Jtoria Jiirfium Helvetia. For \\\€\r fiiferjii^
tious ufes I am chiefly indebted to my often-
mentioned friend Mr. Stuart, 2. native gf
the Highlands, and perfedly acquainted with
the cuftoms of his countrymen.

In the courfe of this work, I have purpofely
avoided the addition of all Jynonyms, not
merely to prevent fwelling the book, but
becaufe they have been fo often repeated by
other authors, and feem to be at the fame
time of little ufe to the learner. I there-
fore wholly omitted them, to juake way for
defcriptions, which I flatter myfelf will prove
cf more fervice.

Should

PREFACE. xi

Should I be afk'd, why, contrary to the
prefent fafliion in works of this kind, I
chofe to write the defcriptions and ufes of
the plants in Englrjh rather than Latin f I
anfwer, to comply with the 7'equeji of my befi
friends. Neither do I think it anyobjed:ion
to the book, as it was written purely for
the ufe of my countrymen, who will under*
ftand it never the worfe for being in their
own tongue.

> With the theory and technical terms of the
fexual fyll:em, and the manner how to in-^
veftigate an unknown plant, the reader is
fuppofed to be acquainted before he takes
the Flora Scotica in hand. U he (hould be
totally ignorant of the elements of Botany,
and yet be defirous of knowing the names
and ufes of any native plants which may fall
in his way, I would beg leave firft to refer
him either to the Philofophia Botanica of.
Linnceus^ for a Latin inflrudlion in the firft
principles of the fcience, or to Lee's Intro^
duBion to Botany, or 'Rofes Elements of
Botany for an Englijh one; after which I
flatter myfelf he will have little diffi-
culty, with the help of the Flora Scotica^

to

PREFACE,

to afcertain almofl any vegetable of Cciledo^
man birth.

It may be thought perhaps a little arroi
gant, that I fhould attempt a fyftematlc
arrangement of the plants of a large country,
without having fpent more than one fummcr
in it ; an4 indeed the Imputatlor^ would be
juft, if I had not received the greatefl af-r
iiflance therein from able and ingenious bo-
tanifls, who have reiided in that country
their whole lives : gentlemen, who have
not only permitted me to examine their va^
luable colledllons, but have freely commu-^
nicated to me the obfervations of many
years.

Among thefe I have the pleafure firft to
mention with gratitude the name of Dr.
HopCy the pre fen t celebrated profeiTor of
botany at Edinburgh, who not only favoured
me with the fight of his copious Herbarium,
but permitted me the ufe of his notes and
obfervations, the refult of a long enquiry.

To the Rev. Mr. Stuart jun. late of
Killin in Breadalbane, now of Lufs, in th?
county of Dumbarton, 1 am indebted for

every

PREFACE.

every affiftance that ingenuity and friendfhip
could yield. This young gentleman, a moft
accurate obferver of Nature's works,, and
critically vers'd in the 'Er^fe language, and
the manners and cuftoms of his country, I
had the good-fortune to fliare as a compa-
nion and fellow-traveller through the High-
lands and Hebrides ; and to him I am obliged
for a great portion of the HighlaJid botany,
for many of the medical and ceconomicah and
all the fuperfiitious ufes of plants which are
interfperfed in this work, and to him I owe
the fupply of their Rrfe or Gaulic names.

To the Rev. Dr. Burgefs of Kirhnkhaeh
in Dumfriesp^ire, I am eminently indebted
for the botany <di the Lowlands, Unfolicited
and without referve, he was ready to impart
all the botanical difcoveries he had made
during the courfe of many years. To hini
I am likewife obliged for the provincial
names of plants, or thofe made ufe of by
the common people of the country.

To thefe afliftances from gentlemen con-
ilantly refident in Scotla-nd, I mufl add the
friendly aids I have received from thofe who,

like

xui

xiv PREFACE.

like myfelf, have made only tranfient vifits
in it.

Dr. ParfofiSy the prefent ingenious pro-
felTor of anatomy at Oxford, during his me-
dical ftudies at Edinburgh, as a necefTary
concomitant to the knowledge of phyfic,
made botany one of his principal purfuits,
and greatly' excelled in it. He was indefa-
tigable in his enquiries into the fcience, and
in colleding the objeds of itj and with
much gratitude I remember the liberty he
gave me to reap the fruits of his labours, by
permitting me to examine his Herbarium, and
extradl from his notes.

Mr. Talden, a late fludent in phyfic at
Edinburgh, and a moil fagacious and un-
wearied naturalift, loft no opportunity dur-
ing his continuance in that univerfity, of
cultivating his knowledge in botany. He
made a copious cclledtion of the vegetable
produ61:ions of Scotland, with many curious
obfervations on them, and in the moft libe-
ral and friendly manner fubmitted the whole
to my infpedion and ufe.

To

PREFACE. xr

To the number of thofe friends who have
contributed their affiftances towards the pre-
fent work, I am happy to add the refped:a-
ble and celebrated names of Jofeph Banks
Efq; and Dr. Solande?^, the two great philo-
fophical luminaries of this nation; gentle-
men v/ho were ever ready to elucidate a
difficult fubjeifl, and who never fail'd to
difpel the obfcurity which furrounded any
dubious plant.

Nor will gratitude allow me to forget the
obligations I owe to the friendly indulgence
of Dr. Sibthorpe, ProfeiTor of Botany at Ox-
ford y who with great freedom and kindnefs
permitted me to examine Dr. Dilknius's ce-
lebrated collecftion of mofles now in his cuf-
tody, and thereby enabled me to folve many
doubts and difficulties among the numerous
fpecies of that minute tribe of vegetables.

Having now exhibited, as I propofed, a
fliort plan of the following work, and enu-
merated the various aids I received in the
execution of it, it may not be amifs briefly
to acquaint the reader, what were my own
preparative qualifications for the undertaking
7 It.

PREFACE.

it. I would wifli therefore to let him know^
that the entertaining fcience of Botanv had
been the coniiant arlinfement of my rides and
walks for upwards of fix teen years, previous
to my tour in Scotkind i that in this tour I
travelled either by land or fea from the fouth
of Annandak to the borders of Sutbcrlandy
vilited moftof the Hebrides ^ except t\'\.t Lofjg-
Jjla7id) traverfed the kingdom fi'om Argyle-
Jloire to the county oi Mecwnst that is, from
the wef.ern to the eaftern {hore, and after-
wards returned to England by way of Edin"
hurgb and Kelfo ; that in all this tract,
which took up the daily exercife of a whole
fummer, I had a conftant eye to the follow-
ing work, embraced every opportunity of
fcaling the higheft mountains, climbing
the moft rugged rocks, penetrating the
thickeft woods, treading the fallacious hogS;,
winding upon the fliores of feaS and lakes, ii:
£hort, of examining every variety of land
or water, which promifed to produce a va-
riety of vegetables.

This is mentioned only to acquaint the
reader wh^t degree of perfection he may

expe<5l

PREFACE, xvll

fcxpecH: from the following Flora, for I pre»
fume not to alTert that it contains every in-
digenous plant of the country whofe vege-
tables it recounts ; it is fufficient that it
comprehends by far iht greateji part, which
is as much as the Flora of any country
can pretend to. The number of plants it
comprifes is not very far fliort of thirteen
hundred, which will furely be allowed a
competent foundation for an uiiaertnking of
this fort. Doubtlefs there are many behind
undifcovered. Thefe may ferve as an incite-
ment to others to make new refearches, and
fo by degrees complete the work I have iiere
begun : and if at any time fuch refearches
fhould be attended with difcoveries, and
thofe who make them will take the trouble
to communicate them to the author, fuch
communications {liall at all times be grate-
fully acknowledged.

Should the following performance happen
to excite any to the fludy of the vegetable
cr'^ation, it may poffibly become the fource
of much health and pleafure, by the exer-
cife it neceffarily promotes to the body, and
b the

xvlii PREFACE.

the complacency it always begets in the
mind : but iho Id it prove the happy inftru-
ment of diverting any from foolilh and un-
manly purfuits to the rational fludy of God's
works, and the contemplation of his fub-
lime attributes, manifefted therein, which
is the natural tendency of fuch a fludy,
my time and labour have not been employed
in vam.

Uxbridge,
July 24, 1777

REFE.

( ^ix )

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■A^. Vans. T^ >TEMOIRES de I'Academie Royals

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Batihin. hiji. Joannis Bauhini Hifloria Plantarum uni-

verlaiis. Ebrodun. 1650. foi,

b 2 BlakweWs

XX

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1739. fo]. 2 vol. et au6lius meliufq. cura

Cb. Jiic. Trew, Norimberg. 1741. feqq,

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1767 fol.
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%dv REFERENCES EXPLAINED.

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REFERENCES EXPLAINED. xxv

^hal. Hare. Joannis Thalii Harcynia Sylva. 15S8. 4X.0,

Francfort.
^ournef. In. R. H. Jofephi Pitton Tournefort Infiitutiones Rei

Herbaria^. Paris. 1700. 4to.
Vaill Paris. Sebaftiani VaiUant Botanicon Parifienfe,

W^h- Crypt, Frederici Gulielmi JVeis Plants Ciyptoga^

micseFIors Gottingenfis, Gottings. 177Q

ERRORS

( xxvi )

ERRORS of the PRESS,

Which the Reader is defircd to corre(5l
with his pen.

for trancutus ivrife truncatus.
/. AGROSTRIS w. AGROSTIS,
f. pcrinatis nu. pinnatis.
f. foliacca w. foliacea.
f. paleaccffi ^v» paleacrs.
f. defcernible at/, difcs-rrible.
f. trifpiaiufculis at', hifpidiufculis.
f. divaricafa w. divaricata.
f. caryophylea au. car) ophy Ilea.
f. fcabiofis au. fcarioAs.
f. fpiculce ou. fpiculje.
/. medica av. media.
f. fe?.b;a -.v. fcabra.
^ /. decumbent au. decumbens.
I /. arvencis au. arvenfis.
\f. fubulato ariftatis av fubulato-ariftatis.
\ f, kind ou. rind.
f. calaniagrotis ou. calaipagroftis.
f. fomentofis au. tomentofis.
f. nu ov. nee.
f- adta ay. au£la.

/. imo dextram au. imo ad dextram.
/. fcirholities au. iciirholities.
/. In Cartland ay. on Cartland,
f. trifpido ay. hifpido.
/. trifpidis ov. hifpidis.
f, Succica au. Suecica.
/ of Potamogeton ay. of a Potamogeton,
/. Seqaieroy. Seguier.
f. Cops. ou. Caps.
f. trifpida ay. hifpida.
/. Hydrocotile ay. !1ydrocotyle.
/. expanlo plana au. expanfo-plana.

Page

Line

82

ult.

83

S

85

7

89

8

§9

21

SI

H

93

21

95

3

^S

22

96

23

98

25

99

H

102

3

102

22

104

S

104

23

105

23

106

25

108

4

108

7

ic8

19

IC9

3

IC9

25

116

21

116

23

116

25

119

18

124

25

125

3

127

6

129

17

129

6

130

17

ERRORS of the PRESS.

^xv\\

Line

7

H

4

6

9

3
4

25
15

3

19
25
ulc.
12

6

7
22

25
29

2
5
3
6
8
ult.

23 ■

2
21

17

26

6

23
28
28
22
21
18
27

14

/. Morift iu. Moris.
/. Morilt. w. Moris.
/. Holt. nv. Hort.

?rfi/^ Tour Scotl. 1772. qto, tab.

for affording vegetation iv. ahording nourifh*

ment for vegetation.
/". quf ens iv. queen.

era/e the comma after the word Benipor, an4

alfo after Ben-Croachan.
/. protrato iv. proilrato.
/. and limbs w. and ufe of his limbs,
y. are without dtnt w. have no dent.
f. mailing vj. making ; and Alkali in Italics.
f. Corol!; Ti;. Corollis.
f. Q^uadriiied nv. Quadrifid.
/. UA4BELLATCE ty. UMBELLATE.
f. hifpidis IV. hifpidus.
f. cequales nv. aequales.
/. HERAGLEUM w. HERACLEUM.

after the vjord/ut:3rtoris add a full period.

after Tour in Scot). 1772- qto. edit. a/Z^Paf^
II. pag. 205. tab. XXIV. ^':

f. to be pair nu. to be a pair.

after the word bone add a full frop.
f. they refemble -xy. the partial ones referable,

after Moris, hiil. S. add g,
f. bicuta w. cicuta.

after cicuta era/e the flop.
f. lacinae w. lacinis.
f. Icevi w. licvi.
/. Morili. nv. Moris.
f. arborco nv. arboreo.
f. left nv leaft.

nv. fubulato fiiiformia join'd by a hyphen.

nu. a comma after the word trilobis,

f. dextrom njv. dextram.

f. ad p. 12. n)j. p. 12. ad.

/. Scheuck nv. Scheuch.

f. gramiferis nu grani.feris.

f. and wafte places nv,. and in wafte places.

era/e t\\Q hyphen between the figure 3 and the
word calyci/crmia.

ern/e the hyphen after the figure 3.

197

ERRORS of the PRESS.

Page Line
197

2ia

220
220
221

?21

222
224
226
226
226
250
23X
232

234
237
240
242

242

243
248
251
251
253
253
254

255

260
260

262

262
262
264
264

265

266

269

uk.
26

3
II

27
penult

25

17
3
8

penult,

14

16

27

1

H

i.' nult

2

3
ult,

25

5

5

7

19
22
16

/a/ an hyphen between the words //^f«rrf»'/and

amplex'icaulibus.
\put a comma after Cajlk, and a period after
' Strath.

f. Rofenath w. Rofeneath.
'^f. erenated ay. crenated.
f. Finlairg w. Finlarig.
ly. three inches ^c. three inches high,
f. Plot. w. Flor.

f. cunciformibus nxi. cuneiformibus,
f. Etham njo. Eltham.
f. uniflora w. unifloro.
/. Petula w. Petala.
f. Mearis w. Meavis.
f. parced w. parad.
f. flrip. iu. ftirp.

/• P^ge 334'^'- 234-

/'. Strath-Erne- w. Strath-Erne.

f. vifcorum lu. vifcofum.

/. ramis, fubunifioris. w. ramis unlfioris,

f Strip. -77. Stirp.

erafe the comma zherf.orihus.

fut a comma 2Lhex futroz'j^ d.

f. intermix'd ov. mix'd.

f. Sempcrvium -xv. Sempervivum.

f. Senipervium w. Sempervivum.

y^. bas iv. bafi.

/. a w. at.

/. of flowers commonly three iv. confiding

commonly of three flowers.
/. fomentofls w. tomentofis.
/■ neighborhood w. neighbourhood.
f. trifpida w. hifpida,
afe the comma after g'ohofis, and infert ens
zker glah) isf
f. hairs and ov hairs or,
/. pedunculiq, iv. pedunculifqup,
/. emagiriated w. emaiginaied.
/. Baugh <vj. Bauh,
f. fructicofus w. fiuticofus.
f. Ger. cm. au. Ger. em.
/. Ruflians -.y. The Ruffians.
y". intermix'd ^m. m.ix'd.
f. rgentea w. argentea.

273

ERRORS of the PRESS.

XXIX

Line.
lo

lO

8

lo

12

Ult.

27
12
II
24.
13

*3

9
8

7
27
19

3

6
18
28
29

17
28

3
10

19
16

7
II

ult.

5

5
2+
20

6

9

18

4
23

8

f. in the fea-fcurvy w. for the fea fcurv/.
/. for to Itrengthen itj. to ftrengthen.
f. Swardles w. Swardle.
f. Gillus TO. Ciftus.
/. lineari w. linearia.
/". Bakwel w. Blakwel.
f. radicated w. radiated.
erq/e the comma after -varies,
f. Rinrofs-iliire w. Kinrofs-fliire.
f. hederaceous ^w. heJeraceus.
f. bafs IK), bail.
/. lea w. leaft.
/. allmatic w. afthmatic.
/. folis TO. foliis.
f. Rippis TO. Kippls.
f. in a foiiaceous to. in foliaceous.
f. hianttibus to. hinntibus.
f. ^.-fidus TO. 4-fidus.
f. iabis TO. labio. ♦
f. embranched to. unbranched.
f. 5-fiftus TO. 5-fidus.
TO. tunicat'a in Roman charadters with a full

peiiod after it..
/. Bank. to. Bauh,
after the word corollis -jo. obtufis.
f. Flax-glove TO. Fox-glove.
f. lanceo w. lanceolate.
f. fcorphuloas to. fcrophalous".
f. 2-bidus TO. 2-iidas.
/. nians to. hians.
f. Silig. TO- Siliq.
/. f.cula vj. ulicula.
f. monntains to. mountains.
f. fubtrians to. fubhians.
f. frufticofo TO. fruticofo.
f. iuterg; «ty, intcrq;
/'. alculine to. alkaline.
TO. a hyphen between quinque zi\.^ partite,
put a colon after the word bstnxeen.
f. Stranguary to. Strangury.
f. clariculata to. claviculata.
erafe the comma after /pinis.
f. ground TO. ground.

ERRORS of the P R E S S.

Page

Line

391

12

392

2

393

ult.

39+

5

39+

27

403

16

4U

12

415

7

415

8

422

20

423

16

429

6

431

3

433

24

43+

«7

434

26

437

7

438

2

444

20

446

2

4+8

»S

4+9

5

450

4

450

II

452

17

456

6

456

24

459

2

460

ult.

463

15

466

22

470

24

477

6

478

4

478

19

480

2

480

3

480

12

481

6

4*^3

23

489

,0

y*. diphyllus <u'. diphyllis.
y. and fome foils w. and in forne foiisi
/. fix feet w. fix feet high.
/. each pinnae rv. each'pinna.
/. greated branched nv. greatly branched.
ifter the i6th line infert the Englilh name of

Blrd^s-foot Trefoil.
e-afe the comma aiter cauiibus,
f. Trygina'u,. Trigyna.
f. androfcemum w. androfsemum ; andy. try=

gy nis ou. tii^ynis.
f. nodum ~jj. nudum.
/. longiilia -u.-. longiffi.ma.
f. with a more iv. with more.
f. rray given w. may be given*
eraie the comma a.heTjoliis.
f. g;iO ns w. grows.
f. Heficium lu. Hieracium.
/. Pilofella ov. PJJofells.
f. repchning <it;. ripening;
f. caniculatis ay. caoiiucalatisi
/. %ritlv 'ly. nightly.
IV. two thirds of the way up it:
f. Serratule <«;, Serratula.
f. pilofa nu. pilofo.
f. pricked at.', prickled.
f. fpecific -v:. ipecific.
/". fortafFe •■w. fortaffe;
f. bradea: w. brafteai
f. fquarorfis -a,-, fquarrofis.
f. puLx <iv. pales.
ay. from three to fix inches high,
f. feminieis ov. femineis.
/. one plant ay. on one plant.
/. Petalites ay. Petafites.
f. fudorific alexipharmic ou. fudorlfic and

alexipharmic.
/. fefile ay. feHile.
/. radicated ay. radiated.
f. tridente vj. tridentatedi
oc. three or four feet high,
f. finnated ay. finuated.
f. is lititle hairy ay. is a little hairy.
/. membriingous w. membranaceous.

49«

ERRORS of the PRESS.

XXXI

Line
»3
IS
II

23
28

20
27
19
26
27
10
II
21
16
10
18
22
12

5

28

25

for folidio nurile folidis.

f. partheniam ^iv. parthenlum,

f. pinnatid au. pinnated.

/. Millifolium q-u. iVIillefolium.

/. Noblefeed w. Nofebleed.

f. pinnatid lu. pinnated.

f. unreguarded <vj. unregarded.

/. hemifperica! w. hemifphaerical.

erafe the word is.
f. Bra6ta:a2 ^v, Braftea:.
/. Mantrfs. w. Mantifs.
/. HuUer. w. Haller.
f. become w. becomes.

^w. a comma after oval,
f. haxe iu. have,
y. is nu. it's.
/. ARIUM w.ARUM.
f. labis <w;. labio.
y. Sequier ia;. Seguier.

erafe the comma after Nedarium^
f. Nidus cevis nu. Nidus avis.
f. two petals w. the petals.
f. Tho ou. The ; and put a comma after the
word ere£l.

f. aflmatic w. allhmatic.

VOL. II.

penult.

4
4

\f. ftraited w. ftrait.
erafe the comma after Limaus.
f. femineaq; av. femineaq;
/. fix TO. fix.
/. blakiih w. biatkilh.
w. a femkolon after top, and a comma after

tlfJO.

erafe the letter c after the word conica.

erafe the comma after the word communi-
cated,

erafe the period after non, and put a comma
after bene.

f. qnod lu. quae.

w. et before the prepofition rww.

55^

XXXll

ERRORS of the PRESS.

Page

Line

556

24

557

5

564

2

567

2

572

6

5"5

9

576

17/

578

17

580

10

581

26

583

4

589

15

595

22

597

25

598

17

599

II

599

'5

603

13

603

25

605

2

606

3

608

»3

6.8

20

626

H

633

2

644

ult.

C46

8

647

4

648

ult.

65,

penult.

653

25

654

II

654

20

660

3

660

5

661

II

663

20

666

lO

668

27

.681

25

682

9

/. each iu. each other.

^/^y^ the comma after capfulis.

■■w. a comma after ere^a,

^oj. Bentellierny.

era/e the particle a before the word half.

erafe the particle a after the word get.

after Grcus t^-. a^id.
f, oppofitis IV. oppofiti?.

f. bigemis ^if. bigemini?.

/. acLiiioribus iv, acutioribus, with a comma

after it.
f. befids oc-. befides.
Z'. grind ^cr. grind it.

It.', a comma a.her fhining.
f. Ba-.igh -iv. Bauh.
/. cylinrical it-, cylindrical.

IV. myrfinites.

iy. Ben-Achalader.
/". continusof. continues,
f, agree at-, agrees.
f. meior =ic'. melior.
/. fubpilofis cv. fubpilofis.

a comma after the wox^foft,
f. unquent i/V. unguent.
f. 3-phiIlus 1'.'. 3-phyllus.

<iy. a comma after the word thir..
f. fruftificationes iv. fructifications-
/. compofitis w. compofitis.
/. Equifetrm iv. Equifetum.
f. here iy. here and there.
f. tranfvferely nv. tranfverfely.
/. Mr. Stuart iv. M*. Stuart.
f. ramifaclions ic. ramifications,
f. frondibns nv. frondibus.
f. fparis IV. fparfis.
^ju. a hyphen between the words cordato and

lingulatis.
f. Tonge at«. Tongue.
f, Coygoch at'. Coygiich*
nx;. a comma after alterms.
f. lanulatis nv, lunulatis.
eraje the comma after Dunnjcrorig,
f. of fine If. of a fine.

684

ERRORS of the PRESS.

xx3!:i]>

Page Line
684 I 15
684 penult,
«7
5
3
9
12

14
20

704 penult.

27

25

J5

ult.

'4

24
8

10

17

5

18

9

1 +
II

1,7
17
26
25

10

12

4

4

10

10

18

9

16

26

y a rind w. a kind.

y. at the end tv. at the haa.
ly. foliolis -zu. foliofis^
\/. contraiibus w. centraiibus.
j/. flrll w. firft.
•/'. vafculorum -tv. vsiCcaloiam.
sf. pedunculatumh ic. peduncuiatum,

f. limplice<iu. limplici.

f. anchera w. antherss,

IK), a comma after the word hurj}.

f. limplice iv. fimplici.

erafe the word pendulis, which is twice printed.

J", fphcericis tu. fphsericis.

f. fphosrical ^. fpha^rical.

tv. inverted conical vvith a hyphen and not a
comma between them.

/• fig- '^•- %•

f. near a cylindrical w. nearly of a cylindri-
cal.

f. over, lower nxi. over, and lower.
/■. fperculo qu. operculo.
y. lente acuta iv. lente audla.
/". invifible -xv. vifible.
erafe the comma ahcr Jurcu/is.
f, half an inch lu. half an inch high,
IV. a comma after thiti.
fj. a comma after ramcfis.
f. fimpliciifia iv. finipiiciilima.
f. lanceiate do. lanceolate,
w. yellowi fa,. green, with a hyphen and not

a comma between them.
f. qualiiy cy. quality.
IV. and before the word arije.
f. ereft if tufts lu. ereft if in tufts.
f. curved w. covered.
f. creep and fhoot iu. creep and flioot out,
f. they are not <w. they are notyj.
/. their ufes iv. it's ufes.
f. largcit the iv. largcft of the.
/. alternately, pijina:e au. alternately-pin-
nate.
/. that genus ix>. //^/j genus.
f. authera iv. anthera.
/. fLifcous, green iv. fufcous green.

C 77S

ERRORS of the P R £: S S.

Page

Line

775

ult.

in

23

779

20

7S0

22

784

27

786

9

789

25

793

17

797

penult

79S

»5

799

20

803

25

810

23

811

7

813

7

8,3

16

816

4

816

1 6

824.

H

826

826

18

S33

19

838

12

847

12

857

ult.

861

21

881

19

890

25

897

\ I

904

5

92Z

22

9:4

12

937

8

945

20

948

23

960

23

971

4

977

ult.

984

12

1 00c

ult.

1006

14

1057

13

erafe // co'vered, which is twice printed,
y. green granulated ac. green-granulated /a-i*.^-

der.
erafe the word ha'vc, which is twice printed,
/. one of the left at-, one of the lea/},
f. greenifh, black w. greenifh-black.
f. peduncunlatis w. pedunculatis.
f. pinqui ou. pingui.
f. fhining, green ou, Ihinlng-green,
f. IV. a comma after JIai.
f. pale green w. pale-green color.
w. coronatum.
erafe the comma Sihct fmcoih.
f. crullaceous <w. crullaceus.
/. greenifh, yellow w. greeni{h-yellovv<
f. either of a greenifh iv. either greenifli»
erafe the comma after thin.
•Tu. a femicolon after dufters.
erafe the comma after g/aucaus.
f. over another riu. over one another.
/, blackilli, brown w. blackifh-brown.
erafe the comma after Hue.
f. a pale glaucous n^j. pale glaucous.
erafe the comma ^hzv fkvelled.
f. and it even -m. and it is even.
/. over another iv. over one another*
y'. pares ay. paris.
fr«/> the comma after tvuo.
/. fllghtly ".y. {lightly.
erfe the comma after nvhich.
enfs the comma after dichotoma,
erafe the comma after nuithin.
IV. a comma after difarice.
f. J-Colamb-kill ay. I-Columb-klll.
-jj. an inch wide,
y; endivias folius ou. cndlviaifolius, as one

word.
/ FUCUUS, ULA ay. FUCUS, ULVA.
fra_/^ the femicolon z.hzr fingk.
f. undiftinftly ow. indiftindly.
Of. a femjcolon after roo/.
/. J-Columb-killoy. I-Columb-klll*
f. Creen au. Green,
i /. ochrolenc^ w. ochrokuga.

CATAi

( XXXV )

C A T A L O G U E

OF THE

FIGURES,

V O L. L

BIRDS.

Plate i.

Page 17. X^SFREY.

20. \J Hooded Crow.

II.

III.

§4. Knot. Hebridal Sandpiper;

IV.

ZS' Long-legg'd Plover.

y-

40. Black Gull. Black-headed

Gull.

PLANTS.

Ranunculus reptans, p. 289;

in the frontifpiece of th^

firft volume.

yi.

77. Pinguicula villofa.

543.Carex pauciflora. p. 543;

*■

vol. II.

c 2 Plate VII.

xxxvi CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.

Plate VII. Page 134 Piilmonaria maritima.

a. The flower with its ca-
lyx.
' b. The corolla opened in

order to fhew the num-
ber and pofition of the
ftamlna.
fill. iSi. Anthericum calyculatum.

a. The flower expanded,
with the peduncle an-
nex'd.
124. Ruppia maritima.

IX. i8j, Juncus trifidus.
186. Juncus triglumis.

X. 199. Epilobium alpinum.
242. Cerailium latifolium.

1L\. ,2:5. Arbutus alpina.

a. With flowers.
h. With fruit.
216. Arbutus uva urfi.
£. With flowers.
d. With fruit.
XII. 221. Suxifraga nivalis.

a. The corolla expanded

of the natural fize.
h, Tlie two girmina.
227. Silene acaulis.

Plate XIII.

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES. xxxvii

Plate XIII. Page 266. Rubus chamiemorus.

a. The plant in fiovyer.

h. The fruit.
286. ThaliLlrum alpinum.
XIV. 321. Bartfia vifcofa.

a. The calyx with the piG
til in the centre.

h. A fide viev/ of the rc-
rolla.

a. A front view of the
fame.

d. a front view of the up-
per lip.
' • C. A front view of the

lower lip.

f.g, front and poitern views
of a magnified antkarci
upon its filament, be-
fore it has difcharged its
pollen,

k. i. The fame as the two
laft, after. the anlhera
has biirfi and difchars;ed
its ■pollen through two
oval apertures.

i^. The piilil, confiding

of the gennen, ftyle^

and Jiigma.

Plate XT.

xxxviii CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.

Plate XV. Page 347. Cardamine petr^ea.

353. Sifymbrium monenfe.
390. Orobus fylvaticus.

a. The plant in flower.

h. The pods.

XVII. 401. Aftragalus uralenfis.

XVIII. 434. Hieracium alpinum.

XIX. 448. Serratula alpina.

XX. 470. Gnaphalium dioicunio
471. Gnaphalium alpinum.

XXI. 505. Lobelia Dortmanna.

V O L. II.

Agroflis pumila. Jpp.p.ioSil
to be placed in the frontif-
piece of the 2d volume.
h. A fingle flower magnified.
XXIL 520. Satyrium repens.

a. A fide view of the co-j

rolla.
l>. AfrontviewoftliefamCi
XXIlt. 513. Ophrys corallorhiza in its
feeding fl:ate.

a. The flower on its pe-
duncle.
XXIV. 544. Carex incurva.-

Sy. Schoenus comprefi^us. A va-
riety with a ftalk nearly
round,

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.

XX7.1X

round,

and dark ferrngi-

PlateXXV. Page 575.

XXVI. 826.

827.

XXVII. 933

XXVIII. 938

XXIX.
XXX.

946
949

XXXI. 962.
1069.

XXXII. 964.

neons glumes.
Betula nana.

/7. Lichen plumbeus.'
l>. Lichen Burgeffii.
c. Part of a leaf with a
fliield magnified, in or-
der to reprefent diftindt-
ly the crown about the
rim of the (hield.
Fncus palmatus.
Fucus efculentus.

a. A young leaf.
Fucus ligulatus.
Fucus proiifer.
a. A portion of the leaf of
the natural fize, fhew-
ing diftindtly us prolife-
rous manner of growth.
l>. An extreme fegment of
the fame leaf magnified,
Ihewing the warty fruc-
tifications, and a piece
of the Fiuftra plofa,
Fucus verticiilatus.
Lycoperdon nigrum.
Fucus pygmsus.
a. h. Leaves of the natu-
ral fize.

f. A

5c! C ATALOGUE of the FIGURES.

c. A leaf of the natural
fize in frudtification.

d. The extremity of one of
the fegments magnified,
fiiewing diftinftly the
frudifications.

e. A clufter of the plant,
lliewiHg its manner of
growth,

948.FUCUS Endivisfolius.

/. The plant of the natu-
ral fize.
g. The extremity of one
of the fegm.ents mag-
nified, Hiewing die fruc-
tifications.
XXXUI. 974.Ulvalaciniata.

A. The plant of its natu-
ral fize.
a^ The extremity of one
of the fegmentSyfnev/ing
the minute feeds im.bed-
f\^(\ in the membrane.
XXXIT. 975. Uiva dichotoma.

A. The plant of its natu-
ral fize.
a, Tlie extremity of one
of ti:e fegments mag-
nified,

CATALOGUE of the FIGURES.

nified, fhewing its re-
ticulated fubftance, and
the fuppofed feeds irri'.
Append; bedded in it.

?lateXXXV.P,i096. Sifon verticillatum.

A. A diminifhed figure o£
the plant.

B. The partial tnvoIumiJ^
a little magnified.

c. The corolla a little mag^
nified.

d. A feed a little magni^
fied.

^. A fmgle whirl of the
capillary foliola, of the
natural fize.

The Second Volume begins at Page 531,
Clafs MONOECIA.

CLASS I. QUADRUPEDS,

I. HOOFED.

HORSE.

I. Generous. Br. Zool. I. i. Erse. Stallion, org each, mare

Lair, caput, gelding, each, ?nare. foal Searrach.

THE predominant color grey, or white 5
fmali in the highlands and illands :
the fmalleft in the ifle of 'Tirey and the Shet-
land ifles. James I. improved the breed of
■ ' his country by introducing horfes from Hun-

~ gary. Boetbius, 352.

Equus afinus Lin.fyfl. loo.

Afs, Br. Zool. I. 11.^'?/. quad. No. 3. Er. afal

A

SSES very rare in Scotland: none in the
North.

O

X.

Ox, Br. Zool. I. 15. Sy?2. quad. No. 4.

Er Bull Tarbh. Cow. Bo, mart. Ox Datnh. Calf. Laogh.

Ultivated in all parts ; the great article
of trade in the North, and mod of

G

The animals marked thus * are alfo found in the iflsnds.

B the

( 2 )
the iflcs : largeft of the ifland cattle thofe of
Skie : often hornlefs in the highlands. Dur-
ing Winter feed on fea-wrack, fuch as tang,
&c. and tho' out of fight of the fea, will
regularly feek the fhores °at the recefs of the
tides. The ftags of the iflands do the fame.

Wild. "^TONE at prefent found unconfined.

1.^ The offspring of the original breed
dill preferved in the parks of Hamilton and
Drumlanrig ; and alio in that of Chillinghani'
Cqftle, in Northumberland. Are of a milk-
white color ; have black ears, muzzles and
orbits •, horns fine, and bending out •, flender
legs *, very wild ; and fly like deer at the
fight of man ; generally on full gallop : very
fierce, and dangerous when wounded, at-
tacking their aflailant with great fury. Never
approach the cattleryards, but when com-
pcll'd by hunger in very fevere weather :
always lie out ; their hides on that account
tougher, and more vaitied by curriers than
thofe of tame cattle. The carcafs of an o^
of this kind weighs 38 fiiones Englijh, of a
cow 28 ftones.

In Bc£thiufs days wild everywhere : had
great manes •, I fuppofe long hair on their
necks and Ihoulders, like the wild bulls of
N. Amnica ; now have iofl: that diftindion :
fecm to have been the fame witJi the Bifontes

jkhati

( 3 )

jubnti of Pliny, natives ot Germany, but
which might have been common to the con-
tinent, and our ifland. Sibbald fays, that in
his time a wild white breed was found in the
Scottijh hills ; but differ'd not in form from
the common kind. Tame black cattle, in
the ifle of Canay, have ilill thin flaring manes
along the top of their backs, which reach
from the neck up part of the tail.

SHEEP.

jB.r. Zool. I. za. Syn. quetd. No. 8.

£r. Ham Rettke. Ewe Cuoro. Lamb uan. yearling cijg.

FOUND in ail parts; fcarcer in the
North, as the violent rains difagree with
them : the fleeces of thofe in the ifland of
Jura remarkably fine, otherwife in general
coarfe : the beft in the South : the wool
fold into the clcathing parts of Torkjhire.
Multitudes of Iheep reared in EJk-Bak, and
ihe other Deks : are a great article of com-
merce : much cheefe made from their milk :
in general their faces and legs black j their
teeth in-fome places, -as Boethius truly fay.', of
a goH color ; that is to fay covered with a
yellov/ fyritkal cruft : I never happened to
meet with this accident in Iheep, but have
in thofe t>f oxen feeding in certain meadows
in S'lmr-Athcl.

B 2 The

( 4 )
The great horned fheep of Sf. Kilda, men-
tioned by Boethius^ may have been the
MusiMON^, Syn, quad. No, ii.

GOAT.

D.'niertic. Domeilic Goat, Br. Zoo/. I, 29, iv. tab. 99. Syn. quad. p.

14.
Er. He, Boc, Gaibhre. She, Gabhar. Kid, meann.

ERDS of thefe animals common in
the highlands and iflands : cultivated
for their milk : invalids refort to Dunkeld^
and otner places, in Summer, for the fake
of drinking it medicinally : checfe often
made of it : the ikins an article of com-
merce : the flefh, in fome of the illes, faked
for Winter provifiqn.

DEER.

Stag. Stag, Br. Zoo!. I. 34. Sj?:. quad. No. 38.

• • ' ■ Er, I>amh-fcilh. hind, Eilid, agh. calf. I.acgh. ,

FOUND in a (late of nature over all the
Highla7ids, and in great herds : inhabits
alio the ifles .of Arran,. Jura^ Mull., Riim^
Skie^ Harris and Lcjuis. Often grows to a
great fi?e : I have heard of one, killed in
Braemar^ihAtwc\^^d-id>^. Scotch. Is the
principal venifon of the Highlands ; lefs coarfe

than

( 5 )

than thofe confin'd in parks in S. Britain*.
Is very dellriicHve to corn : in Skie the far-
mer is obliged to watch his crop. The
Duke of Argyle has, in fome parts of his
cftate, humanely permitted the tenant to
deilroy an animal fo no3<ioiis to his labors.

Roe. . Roe, Br. Zool. I. 39. Syn. qua^i. No. 43.

' Er. Boc-earba. doe, Maoiljeach, young, rnean-n. yearling,

minnfeach.

FOUNI> in plenty from the wooded banks
of LotLgh-Lomond, to the foreft near
Langwall in the S. of Cathnefs., in Mull
and in Skie. The fkin and horns articles of
commerce. Brouze much - fond of the rubus
faxatilis, called in Scotland th^ roe-buck-berry.
The fawns, when taken, are with great diffi-
culty reared, eight out of ten dying.

Fallow deer, Br. Zool. I. 34. Sy??, quad. No. 37.

NONE wild in Scotland -, confin'd to
parks, and not common : probably
introduced there from Denmark by James VI,
in his return from his vifit to that court in
1589 i for Moyfes., a fer^ant of his, mentions
in his memoirs, under the year 1586, that
his majefty one morning palied over from
Leith to Falkland, and had along with him
a tame fallow deer, prefented to him by
B 3 the

( 6 )

Queen ef England : a pToof of its being a
great rarity at that time.

HOG.

q. Common, J*-- ^"o'- f- 4*. S,n. quad No. 54

Er. Boar, Tore. Sow, M«f. rig, Uircein.

SCARCE in the highlands and iQandl,
from the difficulty of rearing them, by
reafon of the want of acorns in one part of
the year,, and grains from brewings, and
of other food, the reft. Are detefted by
highUnders : in the North moitly cultivated
in Cathnefs v a fmall fierce race, With long
pricked ears, high backs, long briftles, and
fiender nofes : in that open country are te-
thered in every field. Much bacon exported
out of that county \ alfo from the Orknies.

11. DIGITATED QUADRUPEDS.

DOG.

?o Fanbful], ^''' ^°S ^Uifagh a. Bitch Galladh. Whelp Culkajt.

THE more fingular varieties found in
Scotland, are the
HighlandGre-hound •, now rare : is large,
lirong, deep chefted, and covered with very

long

( 7 )
long and rough hair : was in great vogue in
old times, and ufed in great numbers by
the chieftains in their magnificent huntings.
I» the kind Boethius calls, genus venaiicum cum
celerrimum, tarn aiidacifimum. Er. miaJ-chu.

Terrier. The breed in the ifle of Skie par-
ticularly good : much encouraged in mofl
parts, for the deilrudlion of foxes. Er.
Abhag.

Blood-hound. Now in difufe ; formerly
much cultivated, efpecially on the borders,
where it gave furprizing inftances of its faga-
dity, purfuing and detecting robbers and mur-
derers, even after a flight of feveral miles.
Inhabitants on the Englijh borders were
bound to keep {o many dogs of this kind in
every diftri6t. They were called Slough or
Slothe hounds, from their following the flot
or track of men or cattle.

I. Fox. Br.Zooh^. ij8, 3</f>/. No. 11. Syv. quad. No. 112.

Er. Siotinacb, Ba'goire.

SWARMS in many parts of the high-
lands : fo deftruflive to Iheep as to oblige
the farmer to houfe them at night ; will kilJ
even goats. Aie not to be extirpated, by
reafon of the vaft rocks and mountains.
None in the Orkney or Shetland ifles, nor in
any of the Hebrides , except Skie.

CAT.

( 8 )
C A T. ■

12 Tame. Dameftic Cat, Br. ZooL I. 45, E. Pifeag.

lUltivated eveiy where. In fuperftitious
days the favorite form aflum'd by
witches. Vide witches of ThuffOi 'Tour in
Scotland.

c

Br. Zool. I. 47. Sxn. quad. No. 133.
Er. Cat-fhiadkaicb.

ABOUNDS in all parts of the highlands,
and in fome of the ides, Moft de-
ftrudive to game.

BADGER.

:3. Common. Br. Zool I. 64, iv. inb. 100. Syn. quad. No. 142.

Er. Broc.

FOUND in feveral parts of Scotland \
none in the iflands.

W E E S E L.

Br. Zool, I. 77. Syn. quad. No. 152.
Er. To clan.

INhabits moft parts of the main land,
and the ifle of Bute.

15. Pine-martin.

( 9 )

Br. Zool. I. Si. Er. Taghan.

THIS fpecies is found in the pine-forefts,
and takes pofTefTion of the holes made
by woodpeckers. Is diftinguiihed from the
other by it's yellow throat, and hav.ng the
lineft fur.

Martin, Br. Zool. I. 79. 3^ ed. No. 15, 5;». quad. No.
154.

FOUND in many parts of Scotland-, and,
according to Martin^ in Harris.

Br. Zool. I. 84, iv. tab. lOl. Sjn. quad. No. 151.

COMMON in Scotland. In the highlands
commonly turns white, or becomes in
the Winter an Ermine. Inhabits alfo Ilay^

perhaps other ifles.

Br. Zool. I. 82, iv. tab. lOI. Syn.quad. No. 15O
Whitred, Lib. Scot. 11. Er. Neas.

I Saw it in a white ftate in the ifle of Hay :
a common accident in Sweden, where
it is called Snomus,

OTTER,

( lo )

OTTER.

lo. Otter. ^r- Z^»^- I- 67, iv. tab. 100. Syn. quad. No. 173,

^•' ' Er, Doraity Dlr-ch'u, madagb donti.

VERY c6mmon in Scotland -, abounds
in the Hebrides^ the Orknies., and in
Shetland; in the laft are called 'Tikei. A
fmall trade is carried on with their lkins„
which are fold from 4s. to 6s. a-piece.

Sihhald * fpeaks of a great kind, which
he calls the fea-otter -, and fays is larger, and
has rougher fur than the other : probably
only a variety -, perhaps the Latax of Ari-
Ptk, Vide Br. Zool. I. 6^.

HARE.

,> » Br, Zool. I. 87. Syn. quad. No. 1 84.

'*'■ ^-^iwiion.. £^_ maigheoxh, Gearr-jhadb.

FREQUENT in all parts of Scotland:
found in the ifle of Bute : none in Jrran :
in the ifle of Hay a fmall fort, dark colored,
and a bad runner. The other iflands de-
ft itute of hares.

Hi/}. Fife, 49-

31 Alpine.

II )

Tour in Scotlaml, 2./ ed. Ph. Tr. 4, vii. />. 343. Syr. qvad^

No, 1 8^4.
Er. maigheach gheal, maigheach mhonai.

INhabits the fummlts of the highefl high-
land hills, alofig with the Ptarmigans.
Is lefs than the common hare, of a gre\er
color, or lefs ferruginous : a bad runner ;
often ftops fuddenly in the midft of its
courfe : wh^n purfued Ihelters beneath the
loofe ftones, or in clifts of rocks : never de-
fends into the plains, or mixes with the
common hare, which is frequent at the bot-
toms of the fame hills. In Winter turns white,
the tips of the ears excepted ; in Spring
refumes it's grey color ; the ears fhorter, the
hind icn longer, in proportion, than thofe
of the common hare : the hair much loncer
and thicker than in the latter, to protedt it
againft the feverity of the cold.

Br. Zool. I. 90. iv. tab. 47, '^d fii. No. 22. Syn. qicad,

No, 1^6.
Er. Coinean.

INhabits all the iflands, even the rock of
Jilfa : found in the Orkmes in myriads.
They caufe great fhifting of the fands, by
burrowing in them ; but the value of their
fkins (a great article of commerce there)
fcarce counterbalances the damage. This

animal.

( ^2 )

animal, the otter, brown rat, moufe, fetid-
fhrew, and feal, are the only quadrupeds of
the Orknies^ except the domeftic.

S Q^ ij 1 R R E L.

2j. Common. ^f- ^°°^' I- 93- ^J"- 1""^- ^o. 206.

Er. Feor&g.

SCARCE in Scotland : a few in the woods
of Straihjpey.

R A T.

24. Black, Br. Zoo]. I. 97. Spi. quad. No. 226. Er. Radan.

INterdidled Sutherland \ but fwarms in
Cathnejs and Rofs/hire. Vide Tour in
Scotland.

Norway rat, Br. ZooJ. I, 99. ^7/. quad. No. 227.

INtroduced here within thele 60 years :
place uncertain, found as far as the Ork-
nies.

Br.Zool I. 101. Syn. quad. No. 228.

Br. Zool. I. 105, iv. tab. lOZ.Syn, quad. No. 229.
Er. Luch-Tbigk.

28 Short-tailed

( 13 )

Br. Zool. I. io4« Syn. quad. No. 233.
Er. Luch-mhonaidh.

Br. Zool. I. 103. Syn. quad. No. 230.

SHREW.

Br. Zool. I. 112. Syn. quad. No. 235.
Er. Dallag anfhraoich.

Br. Zool. iv. tab'. 102. Syn. quad. No. 236.
Er. Luch-uifque.

J AV ELL AN of fomc places : fuppofed to
be noxious to cattle.

MOLE.

Br. Zool. I. 108. Syn. quad. No. 24 1.
Er. Famhy Uir-reathabh.

A

MONG the ifles only in Bute : a praife
to it*s foil.

URCHIN.

Br-. Zool I. 106. Syn. quad. No. 247.
Er. Graineog.

A

N innocent animal-, Ihould be freed
from perfecution. Not found be-
yond

( 14 )
yond the Tay ; perhaps not beyond the
Forth,

III. PINNATED QUADRUPEDS.
S E A L.

34. Great. Syn, quad. No. 266.

ABOUT the rock Hijkyr^ and other
parts of the $coUJfi) coaft.

■xz. Common. ^r. Zool. T. 71, iv. tab. 48. Syn.^auaJ. No. 26c.

^* Er- Uotu

SWARM amidfl: the ifles and all the
coafts. Ill fome places the fkins and
oil an article of commerce. The Walrus,
Syn. quad. 3SIo. 263, mentioned by SMaUy
among the Scottijh animals, is now unknown.

IV. WINGED QUADRUPEDS.
BAT.

36.Commoi:. f " ';?^- ^- A'^/ ^^•'- 2««'/- No. 291.

-' Er, Jltagf Dialtag,

37. Long-eared.

( «5 )

Br. ZooL I. 1 1 6. iy. fait. 103. Syn.(piad. No. 292;

EXTINCr QUADRUPEDS.

TrrOLF, madagh alluidh, a peft to the
flocks in N. Britain in James Vlth's
time: the laft killed about the year 1680.
Br. ZooL I. 61.

"DLAR ; Caledonian bears exported to Rome
on account of their liiperior fiercenefs*.
They continued in Scotland 'till A. D. 1057,
when Malcolm III. permitted a Gordon to
carry three bears heads in his banner, for his
prowefs in deftroying one that made great
ravages in the country.

J Br. Ziol. I. 63.

CLASS

( I6 )
CLASS I. BIRDS.

Div. I. LAND-BIRDS.

I. RAPACIOUS.
FALCON.

38. Black-Ea- Ringtail Eagle, Br. ZooL I. 124. Er. Joluir-dhubh.

gle.

MOST deflruftive to deer, white hares,
^iid ptarmigans : has almoft deftroyed
the deer of the ifle of Kum, In Runnoch
eagles were, a few years ago, fo very nume-
rous, that the commiflioners of the forfeited
eftates offered a reward of five fhilh'ngs for
every one that was deftroyed : in a little time
fuch numbers were brought in, that the Ho-
nourable Board reduced the premium to three
fhillings and fixpence: but an advance in
proportion as thefe birds grew fcarcer, might
in time perhaps effcded their extirpation.

Ravens and hooded-crows are the jackals
to eagles : the croak of the raven, or the
affemblage of the crows about a carcafs, is
certain of bringing an eagle to the fpot, as
the pcrfons who fhoot thole birds for fake of
the rewards teftify.

39, Sea-E.

( ,j///'r// . y-?/>:

^;^,//,//,^ ,/i-/-

,^^/^.v*^-

( 17 )

39 Sea-E.

A

40 Cinereous
E.

Er.Zool. I. 126, iv. tah. $1.

B

REEDS in ruined towers in the iflands
of the lakes ? deferts them in Winter,

Erne, Br. Zool. I. 131, tab. iii.

I

N the Orknies is a kind with only the root
of the tail v/hite : perhaps a young bird.

Ofprey,

Br. Zool. I. I zS . Er , Joluir -ulfg

4» Gy r-fakon

Br. Zool. I. 135, tab. Iv.

42 Peregrine-
falcon.

Br. Zool. I. 136, iv. tab. 52.

A Trained bird of this fpecies, with bells,
and filver rings to the taffels, infcribed
Kilrie Angus/hire, was taken near my houfc,
Sept. 26, 1772, about ten o'clock in the
morning ; and which eloped from it's mailer
the 24th of the fame month.

43 Gcntil-f. Br. Zool. \\ .tab i.il.

BREEDS in the rocks near Invercauld.,
and in Glen-more. Trained for the chafe*

A. .Animals marked thus f are alfo found in the Orknies.
C 44. Goihawk.

( 18 )

44 GoTiiawk. Br. Zool. I. 140. tab. v.

REEDS in the forcfts of Invercauld.

B

45 kite.

Br, Zool. I. 141. Er. Clamhan gabhUich, Croman-hchai.

46 Common-
Buzzard.

Br. Zool. I. 143, iv. tab. 53. Er. An Clamhan.

47 Moor-B.

Br. Zool. I. 146, iv. tab. 5. Bog Gled ^ibbald.

48 Hen-har-
rier.

Er. Zool. I. 147. 'Ex. An I eunjionn. Hen-harrier, orfem.
^read-air-tii;i.

49 Keftril.

Br. Zool. I. 149.

jO Hobby.

Br. Zool. I. 150.

CI Sparrow
Hawk.

Br. Zool. I. 131. Er. Sfeir-Jheog.

52 Merlin.

Br, Zool. I. 153.

;3 Eagle.

O W L.

f Eared.

Br. Zool. iv. 10, tab. 6.

TTAS been Ihot in Fifejhire : perhaps a
-^ ^ migrant from No-rway.

54 Long-cared.

( 19 )
t

54 Long-ear'd B. Zool. I. 155.

TN the mainland ; and alfo in the Orknie?,

SgShort-car'd sr. Zcol. I 156.

/^FTEN feen in Scotland^ breeding in the
^^ heath : obferved there by Mr, Lee^
nurferyman at Hammerfmith.

56 White.

t
57 Brown.

* With plain heads.

Br. Zool. I. 157.

Er. Cailleach oi che gbeal.

Br. Xool. I, 159.

Er. Cumhachag cailUacb oJchey coileach otche.

Tj^REQUENT alfo in the hills of Hoy, in
-*^ the Orknies ?

Br. Zool. I. 158.

I Could not learn that any fpecies of owl
was known in the Hebrides, or in Weft
Rofs/bire.

SHRIKE.

Br Zool. I. 161. iv. tab. 7,

C Z

IL PIES.

( 20 )

II. P I E

CROW.

Br. Zoo!. I. 1 66.
Er. litheach.

Br. Zool. I. 167, iv. tab. 54.

Br. Zool. I. 168. ^
Er. Creumback. Roc us.

S.

Br. Zool. L 169.
Er. Feannag.

/^Ontinues in Scotland the whole year : the
^"-^ only fpecies in the iflands, and great
part of the highlands : grows fcarcer the
nearer we approach the South : keeps in
pairs, except for fometime after the breeding
feafon : is moll affe^ionate to its mate : one
that had been fliot was hung by the legs in a
tree not remote from the nelt ; it's compa-
nion, after a fliort abfence, returned, and
perching over the dead body, oblcrvcci it at-
tentively, as if expcding it's revival ; at
length, in a windy day, the corps being put
in motion, and fpmctimes fwung quite hori-
zontal, the furviving bird, deceived by the
motion, defcended to it, kept fluttering by

it

I". 2^\

^^O^t^t/ed^ C/

■nr/L^

^. .w^..

( 21 )

it for a confiderable time, endeavouring to
alTift in it's releafe, uttering a melancholy
fcream ; 'till finding all it's attempts in vain,
at length retired, without ever returning to
it's ufual haunts.

64 Magpie. Br.Zool.l. 171,

Er. Piogkaid.

65 Jay. Br.Zool. I. 172.

Er. Scriackag-choilk.

66 jackdaw. l'- 1°'^; ^' '75' iv. tab. 54.

-* Er. Cathag.

67 Red-leg'd ^_,''- ^o"^- I- '97, iv- f^b. 58,

Er. Cathag dbearg-chafach.

CUCKOO.

* t ,

68 Cuckoo. Br. Zool I. 182, iv, tab. 55.

Er. Cuthag, Cuach.

WRYNECK.

69 Wryneck. Br. Zool. I. i8i. iv. tab. 55.

WOODPECKER,

70 Green. Br.Zool. I. 176.

Er. Lafair choille.

C 3 71 Great-fpot;edi

( 22 )

By. tool. I. 178.

Br. Zool. I. 180. iv. tab. 12.

KINGFISHER.

Br. Zool. I. 187. iv. tab. 56.

HOOPOE.

Br. Zool. I. 19;;. iv. tab. 57.

CREEPER.

Br. Zool. I. igj. iv. tab. 57.

IJI. GALLINACEOUS.

G R O U S.

Cock of the Wood, Br. Zool. I. 199.
Er. Capul CLiIle.

"COUND in the forefts N. of Loch-nefs,
'*■ but rarely : once frequent in moft of
the highland fir-woods.

B'ack Coek, Br. Zool. I. 201.

Er. male, coiUaub Jubh, fem. Ltath^cheare.

Grous, Br. Xool. I. 204. iv. tab. 13.

Er. male, toileacb ruagh . fcm. Cearc-fhraoich.

C3

79 Ptarmigan.

( 23 )

79 Ptarmigan

Bt. 7,ooJ. I. 206. iv. tab. 13.
Er. Tarmachan^ Tarmonach.

80 Partridge.

Br. Zool. I. 208.

Er. coleach-iomciin, fern. Cfare-ihomain,

Si Q.uy.

£r. ZocA J.

209.

' I ""HE buftard, according to Boethius, was
fometimes, but rarely, found in the
Merch -, and at that time called Gujiarde : it
feems at prefent unknown in N. Britain

Poultry are found plentifully in mofl of
the iflands : peacocks fucceed very well, as
I obferved in CoUonfa.

IV. COLUMBINE.

§2 Common.

PIGEON.

Br. Zool. I. 216. iv. lab. 8.
Er. Caluman.

"IT'ERY numerous in a wild ftate in the
cliffs, impending over the fea, in many
of the ifles. In Hay I have feen their dung
got with vaft hazard out of the deep chafms
on the Weft fide of the illand, by means of
a perlbn who is lowered down to the bottom

by

( 24 )

by a rope. The dung lies many feet thick,
is drawn up and ufed fucceisfully as a ma-
nure.

Br. Zool I. 221.

Er. Smudan, calunian-fiadhaich.

V. PASSERINE.

STARE.

Br Zool. I. 231. iv. tab. 61.
Er. Druit.

TDREED in great numbers in the clifFs of
^'^ Arran, and other ifles.

THRUSH.

Br, Zool. 1. 223.

Br. Zool. 225.

Er. Liatrutjg. v

'^TEither fieldfare nor redwing breed in
"*' Scotland ; rarely feen in the ifles : come
accidentally to the Orknies,

* +
87 Throttle.

Br. Zool. I. 226.
Er. Smeorach.

%% Redwing

( 25 )

Br. ZooL I. 227.

Bf. Zcch I. 228. IV. tab 60.
Er. Lon-didh.

Variety about KilUn., Vvith a black bill.

Br. Zcol I. 229, iv. lab. 61.
Er. Dubh-chraige,

)\ Water-
ouzel.

Br. Z'.oi I. 230.

Er. Gobb'-ui/g, Gobha-duhh.

CHATTERER.

Br. Zool. I. 173.

TJlSITS annually the neigliborhood of
^ Edinburgh during Winter, and feeds en
the berries of the mountain-afh. Difappears
in Spring.

. GROSBEAK.

Br. Zool. IV. iv. tab. 64..

TNhabits the great pine-forefls oi Aberdeen-
^ ftdire.

Br, Zoolf I. 279. iv. eab. 64.

95 Bull-finch.

( 26 )

9? BuH-finch.

Br. Zoo/. I. 299.

Er. ccrcan coilk, Dtargan fraoich.

96, Green.

Greenfinch, Br. Zcol. I. 301.
Er. Glaijtun-darach.

BUNTING.

- f

97 Common.

Br. Zool.I. 318.

Er, Gealag hhuachair.

98 Vellow.

Yellow-Hammer, Br. Zoal. I. 319. iv. tab. 11,
Er. Buidheag-bhealai,

qq Reed.

Reed-Sparrow, Pr. Zoo/. I. 320.

t

ICO Snow.

Snowfleck, Br. Zcol. iv. /<z^. 11.
Er. Eun an-1-fneachdai.

A

Few breed on the fummits of the highell
mountains ; but the greateft part mi-
grate from the N. appear firft in the OYknies,
thence reach Cathnejs, but frequently num-
bers fall wearied into the Ihips that are paf-
fmg the Pentiand-Firth. Arrive very lean,
but foon fatten : they probably come from
Spitzbergen, Greenland and Iceland, forced
from thence by the Winter : and they are,
in Scotland^ obferved to precede hard weather.

FINCH.

( 27 )

FINCH.

Br. ZodI. I. 303.

Br. Zoo!. I. 306.
Er. Bricean-Leatha.

Br. Zool. 307.

Br. Zool. I. 300. IV. tab. 65.
Er. Gealbhan.

TN the Orknies infeft the corn by thoufands.

Br. Zool. I. 3 1 1 .

Br. Zool. I. 312. iv. tab. 67.
Br. Zool. I. 313. iv. tab, 67.
Br. Zool. I. 315. iv. tab. 66.

FLY-CATCHER.

Fly-catcher, Br. Zool. I. 264.

R K.

Br. Zool. I. 233. iv. tal. 62.
Er. Ui/ea^.

IH Wood.

(28 )

Wood.. Br. 7.nol I. 236.

Er. Kiahhag-ehoille.

Tit. Br.Zooll. z-^7.

Er. Rhiabhag-mhonaidh, Glai's-eHR,

Field. Br. ZdoI. I. 238.

WAGTAIL.

iH White,

Br. ZocI, I. 271:. iv. tab. 62.
Er. Bnac-ani-fd.

115 Yellow.

Br, ZooL I. 276. iv. tab. 62.

116 Grey.

Br. ZooL I. 277.

WARBLERS.

* With tails of one color.

117 Redilart. 5r. Zoc/. II. 259.

Er. Ceann-c' —

1*8 Red- ^''' '^°°^' I^- 260.

breaft. i^r. Broinn-dearg.

119 Black-cap 5r. ZW. II. 262.

120 Hedge-

( 29 )

20 Hedge.

Hedge-fparrow, Br. Zool. II. 265.

Br. Zool. II. 266.

T\,JR. Latham^ of Dartford^ in Kent.,
■*■'*■ iliewed me a fmail bird, fhot in the
highlands •, perhaps only a variety of this
fpecies : front and underfide a fine pale yel-
low ; wings of a yello'^/iih w^hite ; back and
tail pale brown.

Golden crefted wren, Br. Zool. It. 267.

/^^Ontinues about Edinburgh throughout
^^ the year : crofTes annually to the Shet-
land ifles in Summer •, breeds, and returns
before Winter : a long flight for fo fmall a
bird, the Crknies^ the neareft land, being
fixty miles diftant.

Br. Zool. IT. 268.
Er. Dreathanttx

Willow lark, Br. ZcoL II. 241. iv, tab. x.

* * With tails of two colors.
Br. Zool. II. 269.

X26 Winchet

( 30 )

i»6Winchct. Br. Zool. II. 271.

127 Stone- Br. Zool. II. 272.

chat. Er. Clokhearan.

128 White. Br. Zool II. 274.

throat.

TITMOUSE.

129 Great. Br. Zool. II. 324. iv. tab. 68.

130 Blue. Br. Zool, II. 325. iv. iah. 68.

131 Cole.

Br. Zool. II. 326. iv. tab. 68.
Er. Cailcheag cheann dubh.

132 Long-
tailed.

Br. Zool. II. 327.

S W A L L

* t
133 Houfe.

Br. Zool. II. 242. iv. tab. 9.
Er. Gobhlan.gaoithe.

134 Martin.

Br. Zool. II. 243.

t

135 Sand.

Br. Zool. 11. 244.

u- r^.LL! :-l.L:,L

Er, Gobhlan-gainbhicb,

136 Swift.

( 3^ )

136 Swift.

Br. Zcol. II. 245, Iv. ia6. q.

13- Goat-
liicker.

GOATSUCKER.

Br. Zoo/. II. 246. iv. tat. 63.

CEEN as far North as the banks of Locb-

?nan.

138 Common.

Div. II. WATER- FOWL.

VII. WADERS.
HERON.

Br. Zool. II. 339. fern. 340. tab. vl.
Er. Corra-riathach. Corra-ghias.

/'^REAT numbers breed in the ifland in
^^ Locb-Guirm, in Hay,

139 Bittern.

Br. Zool. II. 342.
Er. Bubaire*

. t

140 Curlew.

CURLEW.

Br. Zool. II. 346. tab. viii.

Er. Guillminacb. in Scetchy whaps.

141 Wkimbrel

cock.

( 32- )

ZooL II. 347. iv. tat'- 70-

; REEDS in the heath of the highland
hiils^ near Invercatild.

SNIPE.

* t

142 Wood- Br. Zool. 11. 348. iv. tah. 14.

Er. Coilleach-cciliey Ciom-uan duilkag.

'"T^HESE birds appear in flights on the
E. coails of Scotland., about the end of
Ouober, and foiiietimes fooner ; if fooner it
is a certain fign of the Winter being early
and (evere ; if later, that the beginning of
the Winter will be mild. Woodcocks make
a very fnort flay en the E. coafts, owing to
tlieir being deftitiite of wood ♦, but fome of
them refort to the moors. They continue
arriving in lucce'iion for near a month, and
in tvtij county in Scotland (where they are
found) fly regularly from Eaft to W'eil.

Appear about 'Taymouth^ which is pretty
central, in t"he beginning or middle of A''^-
vemhcr; continue there in plenty 'tiM the
middle or latter end of March., according to
the mildnefs or rigor of the feafon, and then
difp-ppear at once. They do not reach the
cdafls of h^cther-Lcrn, the Weft co ail of yfr-
gylepire.^ 'till December or "January. Wccd-
cocks arc very rarely fecn in Cathnefs\ they

fcem

■■/.. ^/.

( 33 )
leem to gradually decline in nuiiabers towards
the N. and N. Weft : are uncommon in the
ifle of Lewis ; and Mr. Low acquaints me,
that they are fo fcarce in the Orknies, that he
does not remember that above one or two
have been fhot there. It does nor appear
that they breed in any part of North-Briiain.

l43'Re(ifhanks Br. Zool. 11. 368. iv. tab, 14.

• t
t44 Snipe. Br. Zool. II. 3158. iv. tab. 71.

Er. Eun-gburag, Croman-Loin, Tnejman-aidhir.

145 Jack. ^f. Zool. II. 359. iv. tab. 71.

SANDPIPERS;

* t

146 Lapwing. Br. Zool II. 360.

Er. Curcagy aubarea7i-luachracb.

147 Grey. Grey Plover, Br. Zool. II. 362.

H8 Knot. ^'- ^°°^' "• 366.

149 Afli-co- Br. Zool. II. 367.

lor'd.

KO Red ? B''- ^°°^- '^- '^^- 7^- '^^'^^ perhaps a young bird, or va-

riety ?

T51LL (lender, and black ; head^ back, lefTer

^^ coverts of the wings, and the fcapulars,

D dull

( 34 )
dull ferruginous, fpotted with black : the
greater coverts tipt with white : quil feathers
dufky, exterior edge of fome of them white j-
breaft reddifh brown, mixed with dufky :
belly and vent white : tail cinereous : two
middle feathers the largeft : legs black.

Communicated by the late Doftor David
Skene, of Aberdeen.

151 Tlun- Br.Zool. II. 370.

ilone.

'lj2 Hebrid.-l Tringa interpres. Un.f.Ji. 248. Faun.fuec. No. 178.

Ed-M. 141.

OlZE of a thrufn : forehead, throat and
^ belly white: breaft black: neck fur-
rounded with a black collar-, from thence
another bounds the fides of the neck, and
pafTes over the forehead : head, and lower
part of the neck behind, white ; the firft
ftreaked with dulky lines : back ferruginous,
mixed with black : coverts of the tail white,
crofled with a black bar : tail black, tipt
with white : coverts of the wings cinereous
brovm ; the lower order edged with white :
primaries and fecondaries black •, the ends
of the laft white : tertials ferruginous and
black : legs rather fhort, and of a full,
orange.

Br. Zol. II. \yy

1^4 Ddii]ii\

tU'//7 ^/Yf

I./ •n..

r. uV^/S^.jP.SS.

-^ *- ->v^^^<^

//<-^!f (^,7^'//i^ y^.

,:^ . Ai^^r//^

154 Dunlin.

• t

C 35 )

Br. Zool. II. 374.

Br. Zool. II. 374. iv. tab. 16.

PLOVER.

Br. Zool. II. 379. iv. tab. 72.
Er. Feadag.

•nREEDS on all the heathy hills of the
"■-' illands and highlands.

Br. Zool. II. 380. Sib. hiji. Scot. lib. III. 18. tab. xi. xiii.

Br. Zool II. 381. iv. tab. 73.
Er. Amadan-tnointich ,

OREEDS on feveral of the highland hills.

Sea Lark. Br. Zool. II. 383.
Er. Trileachan-traighe .

ilo Pied.

OYSTERCATCHER.

By. Zool. II. 376.
Er. Gtlk-bride.

RAIL.

Br. Zool. IL 38;. iv. tab. 74.

D 2

GALLi.

( 36 )

GALLINULE.

Land-rail, Br. Zool. II. 387. iv. tab. 74.
Er. CearraS-gort, Treun-re-Treun.

Water-hen, Br. Zool II. 388. iy. tab. 76.

VIL PINNATED FEET.
PHLAROPE.

Br. Zool. II. 390. iv. tab. 75.
Br. Zool. II. 3gi. iv. tab. 75.

T30TH thefe fpecies are fuppofed to breed
-^ in the Orknies, having been fhot there
in the Summer.

COOT.

Br. Zool. 11. 392, iv. tab. 76. ,

Br. Zool. II. 393.

GREBE.

Grebe, Br. Zool. II. 395. iv. tab. 17.

TT'S flcin of great value for the making of
-*■ muffs and tippets.

i6q Eared.

C n )

i6g Eared. Len^r-crefted Grebe, Br. Zool, 11. 3q6, iv. tab, 77,

t
170 Dufkj'. White and dufl-iy Grebe, Br. Zeol. II. 397, Iv. tab, 17.

171 Little. Br.Zcil. II. 398.

Er. Spag-re-totn,

X72 Black- Br. Zool. iv. tab. 77.

chinned.

LARGER than the laft : upper part of the
body brown : chin marked with a large
black fpot : neck ferruginous : the hind part
mottled with dufky feathers : belly alh-co-
lor'd and filvery.

VIII. WEB-FOOTED.
AUK.

Br. Zoo/. II. 401. iv. /«i. 18. Martins St. KiUa 27, A;«»
cauley's 156.

Sometimes vifits St. Kilda^s, and breeds
there -, not a regular migrant. Called
there Gair-fowl, from Geyr-fugl, the name it
is known by in Iceland, where they are com-
mon ; from whence, or from Norway, they
may probably wander.

D 3 174 RazoribiU

7C Blac
billed.

( 38 )

Br. ZjoI. II. 403, iv. tab. 19.
Er. Coltrakke.

Br, Zool II. 404.

Br. Zool. II. 40;.

Er. Fachach. Tom-noddy in the Orknks

Br. Zool. II. 406. iv. tab. 19.

GUILLEMOT.

Br. Zool. II. 410.

£r. Gearadb-breac, Eiin-dubh -a -chrulain.

THESE birds, and the razor-bills, are
taken in great numbers in the more
diftant rocks of the Hebrides, for fake of
their feathers, which are fold for fix or fevcn
Ihillings per Hone : their eggs are alfo a great
article of food, attained with vafl hazard,
either by climbing, or by being fufpended
by a rope from above, at a flupendous
height over a raging fea. This is a method
common to moll of the maritime northern
cations : Pontoppidan, in his hiftory of
Norway., and Claujon, in his account of
the fame country, give amazing accounts
of the manner in which the inhabitants
obtain their ovarious food. In like way
the natives of the Hebrides annually rifquc

their

( 39 )
their necks in iearch of provifion for their
children and families : whereas in feveral
' parts mnltitudes are reduced to the necefTity
of watching the recefs of the tides to pxk
up a fcanty pittance of Ihell fiih, their daily
fuftenance at certain feafons ; deftitute of
rneal to give confiftence to their water, or
a little milk for their perifliing babes !

Ijqho.&f. Br. Zool. 411. iv. tab. 20.

^T^HIS fpecies, and the black-bill'd auk,
^ No. 175, appear in the Firth oi Forth,

in Ocioher, in flocks innumerable, . purfuing
the fprats. Both kinds are called there
Morots.

Br. Zool. II. 412. iv. /<?i. 20.

Er. Calltag. Tylte in the Orbiies.

DIVER.

181 Northern Br. Zool. 11. 413.

Er. Bur-bhuachailL,

--"T^HE herdlmen of the fea, for the cre-
-■' dulous believe that it never quits that
ehment.

182 Imber,

( 40 )

182 Imber.

Gefners great Douckcr, Wil. orn. 342. Kai!.fj>?. a-v, 12&.
Colymbus Immcr. Linfyjl. zzz, Ember-gooleof t\\tOrk--

LARGER than a goofe : upper part of
the body and wings dvifky : the feathers
edged with cinereous : belly filvery grey.

183 Speckled.

Br. Zool. II. 414.
Er. Fur-bkiiachailL

184 Red-
throated.

Er. Zool. II. 415, iv. tab. 21.

185 Black-
throated.

Br. Zool. II. 415. iv. tab. 21.

A Diftinft fpecies from the former -, but
■^ fuppofed in the Br. Zool. to have been
m. and f.

G U L

L.

* t

180 Black.

Br. Zool. II. 416.

187 Skua.

Br. Zool. II. 417.

* t
1S8 ArAic,

Br. Zool. n. 420. iv. tab. 22.
Er. Fafgadair.

>

B

REEDS in the heath on the hills of Jura
and Rum: flies about like a lapwing

when

. :/V^. / //^-,7,/y/ /'y,//.

. V:7<9^f.

.W^'^^fev

^Aj/r/rA'^ //-//// j\^"/m\

'y//i//i^ y^ .

^.^^r-

( 41 )
when difturbed, and foon aiights. Comes
to the Orknies in May ; dllappears in Aiignji.

189 Herring.
19P Wage].

By. Tool II. 421. iv. tab. 79.

Br. ZgoI. II, 422. iv. tab. 79.

igi Winter.

Br. Zod. II. 423. iv. tab. So.

. t
192 Common

Br. Zool. II. 424, iv. tab. 23.

193 Kittiwake

Tarrock, Br. Zool. II. 425. iv. tab. 23. Tour Scoiland.

/COMMON on m oft of the cliffs : afllimc
^^ when old the colors of the common
gull : when young efteemed by many as a
delicacy. Vide Tour in Scotland.

194 Black-
headed.

Br, Zool. II. 426.

T E R

N

195 Great.

Br. Zool. II. 428. 'w.tab.Zl.

196 Lefs.

Br. Zool. II. 429. iv. tab. 8r.

Er. Steirueal.

PETREL.

( 42 )

P E T R E I..

^r. Zool. II. 431. Mar/ins St. KiUa. 30. Jv. tab. %z.

"pOUND in St. Kilda\ only.

t>\ Zool. II. 453. Lyre of the Orknies Skrabe of the
¥a:roe ifles. IV'ii. orn. 438.

'"F^HE young higlily efteemed as a deli-
•^ cacy in the Orknies : are fometimes
pickled : iheir feathers alfo much valued.
Are taken in Augujt., on the rocks of Hoy
and Eada : buiTow in the earth, and lay one

Er. Zool. II. 434. iv, tab. 82.

BREEDS under the loofe ftones on the
little rocky ifles called Maclecd\ table,
&c. off the N. end of She. Betrays its re-
iidence by its twittering.

ooCjooianacr

MERGANSER.

Br. Tool. II 436.

2or Rcd-brcallcdi

I

( 43 )

toi Red-
breallect.

Sr. Zcol. II. 437. iv iah. 83.
Er, SioHaiche.

BREEDS among the loofe iloncs on the
lea fhorc, and alfo on the fides of frelli-
wattT lakes, far North.'

!02 Smew.

Br. Zocl. II. 45?.

203 Red-
headed.

Br. Zool. II. 43 g.

D

U

»04Wildfwan

Br. Zocl. II. 44c.
Er. Eata.

"\X/'ILD fwans vifn the Orknies in flocks in
O^oher^ and continue dur ng Winter:
return North in the Spring, except a very
few, which remain and breed in the litiie
illes of a frelh water lough in Mainland,

205 Tame
fwan.

Br. Zool. II. 441.

206 Gjofe

Br. Zool. II. 447. iv. iah. 84.

Er. (tame) Geadb. (wild; Mui>- gheaJh.

w

ILD geefe breed in mod of the iflands :
in the Lewis are in Autumn fuch a

p.eit

( 44 )

peft to the corn, that the farmer is obliged
to fet boys to guard it from their attacks.
Wild geefc are fcarce known even to alight
in the Orkmes. Tame gecfe and ducks very
rare in the iflands.

Er. tool II. 451.
Br. Tool. II. 4s2.

TS not known to breed in Orkney.

Br. Zool. II. 4^4. Tour Scot- tab. I.

Er. Lacha I'ochlamiach. Dunter goofe in the Orhiiej.

"OREEDS in Collonfa, Barra, in the Flan-
^^ nun^ and other ides-, alfo in Inch-colm
in the Firth of Forth.
thro' ignorance of the
be robbed twice of the eggs and down, and
the bird will repair it's lofs each time ^ but
they muft be fpared the third. We procure
the down from Iceland and Ncrzvay, and pay
a confiderable price to foreigners for it.

The down ncgleclcd
liue : the neft might

liO Velvet.

Br. Zool. II. 456. iv. tab. 85.

211 Scoter,

iBr. Zool. II. 457.

212 Tufted.

t

212 Tufted.

( 45 )

Br. lool. II. 458.

TpRequents the Orknies in Winter during 2
^ N. wind.

213 Scaup.

Br. ZqoL II. 459.

214 Golden-
Eye.

Br. Zool. II. 460.

2i5Shieldrake

Br. Zool. II. 461.

Er. cra-gbeadh. Sly goofe in the Orknietl

* t
216 Mallard.

Br. Zool. II. 462. iv. tah. 24.
Er. Lacha-chinn-uaine.

T

AME ducks rare in the iflands.

217 Shoveler.

Br. Zool. II. 466.

t
218 Pintail.

Br. Zool. II. 468.

219 Swallow-
tail.

Br. Zool. IL 469. iv.

«20 Pochard,

Br. tool, II. 47a.

221 Ferrugi-
nous.

fr. Zoo/. II. 471.

222 GadwalL

( 46 )

222 GadwalL

Br. Zool. II. 473.

223 Wigeon.

Br. Zool. II. 472.

224Garganey

Br. Zool. II. 474. iv. tab. 87.

225 Teal.

Br. Zool. II. 475.
Er. cran-lacha.

226 Common.

CORVORANT.

Br. Zool. II. 476.
!Er. Ballaire-boan.

* t

227 Shsg.

Br. Zool. II. 478. iv. tab. 25.
Er. Sgarbh.

* t
228 Gaiinet.

Br. Zool. II. 479. Tour Scotl. tab. viii.
Er, Sulaire, amhfain.

BREEDS on the Bafs ifland in the Firth
of Forth., the craig of Jilfa, in that
of Clyde., on the rocks about St. Kiida, and
a rock called the Stack, near Soulijkir.^ ten
leagues W. of Hoy.

CLASS

««*»*«

( 47 )

CLASS IL REPTILES.

TORTOISE.

T Have been informed that one had been
taken near the ifle of Col, but fuppofe it
to have been a cortoife that had efcaped out
of fome fVeJt Indian wreck.

liqQommoil. Br. Z90I. II. 3.

231 Great.

R O G.

Er. Loijkaiti

XT ONE in the Long-IJland.

t *

230 Toad. Br. Zed. 7.

£r. myhvagain.

TNhabits the woods near Lough- Ranfa,
^ Arro.n : is double the fize of the co;

m
com-
mon frog: body fqu are : belly great: legs
fhort : four toes on the fore feet ; four and
a thumb to the hind feet ; the fecond out-
moft toe the longeft •. color above a dirty
olive, marked v;irh great black warty fpots,
the head alone plain : color beneath whitifh :
jeaped flowly.

LIZARD.

( 48 )

LIZARD.

Br. Zool. III. 13.
Er. Jac-lu-achu-rach.

Br. Zool. III. 16.

Er. Duirk-luacbairy \. c, obferver of the rufhcs.

SERPENT.

Br. Zool. III. 17.
Er.

'"T^HE black viper is very common in thb
highlands : numbers of vipers in Hay,
Jura., and Skie. In fome of the illes it is
ftiil believed that they fting with their
tongues, and do not convey the poifon with
the teeth : that the venom dropt on a fword
will caufe it to hils like water on hot iron ;
and that a poultice of human ordure is a
fovereign remedy for the bite. No fpecies
of ferpcnt in Leuns, or any part of the long
ifland.

Anguis Eryx. Lin. fyfl. 392. Tour Scotland, Appendix.

LENGTH fifteen inches : tongue broad
and forked : ncftrlls fmall, round and
placed near the tip of the nofe : eyes lodged

{ 49 )

in oblong figures above the angles of th^
mouth : had no fcuta^ but was entirely co-
vered with fcales : back and fides of a greyifh
brown, with three dufky lines, one extend-
ing froni the head to the tail •, the others,
which were broader, reached the whole
length of the fides : the belly bluifh lead-
color, fpotted with white. Difcovered by
the late Dodtor David Skene^ near Aberdeen.

BK Zool. ill. 25.

CLASS

( 50 )

2,57

Comr

CLASS IV. FISH,

Div. I. CETACEOUS.

WHALE.,

Br.ZooL III. 35. Sib.Phalain. 65.

238 Pike-
headed.

Br. Zool. III. 40. ^ib. Phalain. 68.

239 Fin.

Br. Zool. III. 41,

240 Round-
lipped.

t
241 Great-
headed.

242 Round-
headed.

243 High-,
ii lined.

Br. Zool. III. 42. Sib. Phalain. 78.

CACHALOT.

,£;•. Zool. 46. Sib. Phalain. 33.

Br. Zool. III. 47. Sib. Phalain. 24
Br. Zool. in. 47. Sib. Phalain. 43.

CEEN in Locb-Brakadale, in Skie. Ex-
cepting this and the porpeffe, the other
fpecies are inferted on the authority of Sir
Rokrf SibbaldK

* Vide the new edition of his hiftory of whales,
printed for Benjamin IVhite, booklcller, Fleet-JIrcet.

DOLPHIN.

* t

244 PorpefTe. Br. ZqoL 52. i".

( 51 )

DOLPHIN.

TN great droves in every part of the
-*■ Northern Teas.

245 Grampus -Sr. Zool. III. 54. Sib. Phalain. i8i

Div. II. CARTILAGINOUS.

LAMPREY.

246 Lamprey Br. Zool. III. 58. iv. tab. 88.

lir. Creahoule.

170UND from the river EJk., in EJkdale^
-*• to the water of Hemjdale^ in Sutherland.
Detefted by highlanders.

247 Skate. ^'*- Zool. III. 62.

RAY.

I.

Er. Skeait.

248 Thorn- Br. ZcoL III. 69. iv. tab. 27, 28.
back.

249 Fuller. Br- Zoo/. HI. 66.

'T^AKEN in little Lech-Broom.

E 2 SHARK.

( 52 )

SHARK.

Er. Zool. Iir. 77.
Er. Doulag, Cuit.

T70UND in great multitudes on the Scotiijh
-^ coafts •, and when dried a great article
of food with the common people. Called
in Sky the Blind-hive^ and is fiippoled to be
a great reftorative.

Br. Zor.l III. 78.
Er. Cairban.

'T~'HE greateft of the genus ; fometimes
^ above 36 feet long : the length of one
I found dead near Loch-Ranfa^ in Arran^
was 27 f. 4, firft dorfal fin 3, fecond i, pec-
toral 4, ventral 2 feet long, upper lobe of
the tail 5, lower 3.

They appear in the Firth of Clyde^ and
among the Hebrides, about the moiith of
Juney in fmall droves of feven or eight, but
oftner in pairs ; and continue in thofe feas
'till tlie latter end of July^ and then difap-
pear : they fwim very deliberately, with the
two dorfal fins above water : are very tame,
and fearkfs of mankind : will permit a boat
to follow them without accclcr.itino: their
morion, 'till it comei almoft within contact,

when

( 53 )
when a harpooneer (Irikes his weapon into
the fifli as near to the gills as poflible ; but
rhey are often fo infenfible os not to move
'till the united ftrength of two men have
farced the harpoon deeper : as foon as they
perceive themfelves wounded, they fling up
their tail and plunge headlong to the bottom;
and frequently coil the rope round them in
their agonies, attempting to difengage them-
felves from the harpoon by rolling on the
ground, for it is often found greatly bent :
as foon as they difcover their efforts are vain,
they fwim away with amazing rapidity, and
with fuch violence that a veffel of 70 tons
has been towed by them againft a frefli gale :
they fometimes run off with 200 fathoms of
line and two harpoons in them, and will find
employ to the fifliers for twelve and fome-
times twenty- ibur hours before they are fub-
dued : v/hen killed they are either hawled on
Ihore, or if at a diftance to the veffel's fide :
the liver (the only ufeful part) is taken out,
and melted into oil, in kettles provided for
that purpofe : a large fiih will yield eio-ht
barrels of oil, and two of worthlefs fediment.
The commifTioners of the forfeited eftatcs
were at confiderable expence m their en-
couragement of this fpecies of fifhery ; but
-the perfon they confided in moft fhamefully
abufed their goodnefs ; fo now it is attempted
only by private adventurers.

E 3 2?2 BI.c.

( 54 )

Br. Zed. III. 84.

npAKEN near Aberdeen.

t

2? 3 Lefler- LefTer dog fifh, Er. Zool. IIT. 9c.

Ipotted.

LUMP.

2^4 Lump, /?,-. Zoo/. III. 103. iv. tab. 29.

Er. Mure an.

->j J'J''^' Lepadogafter, Gouanfifi. 177. /^ri. i . /. 6. 7,

T TEAD flat : nofe projeftlng : eyes diilant i
•*- -^ bf^fore each fmall cutaneous appen-
dages : 0:1 the back a fmall fpace full of
minute punclures : the pedoral fins rounded:
the ventral fins pjaced quite beneath ; their
bafes diilant : near them an oval depreflion,
by which it adheres ftrongly to ftones and
rocks : the tail rounded : the dorfal and anal
fins extending to and adhering to it.
Found in the found of Jura,

PIPE,

Br. 7.C0I. III. ic6.

Div.

( £5 )

Div. III. BONY FISH,
A P O DAI-
EEL.

257 Common. Br. Zool. III. iii.

Br.ZooI.in. 115.

A

Confiderable trade is carried on from
Falmouth with the Spaniards at Barce-
lona in dried congers : perhaps the fame
might be done from fome of the Hebrides,

W

Br. Zool III. Iig. tab. 7.

F.

/ "CALLED in Edinburgh cat-fifli, and
^^ efteemed (what it really is) a very deli-
cate fifh.

L A U N C E.

Br. Zool. III. 123.

JUGULAR.

( 5^ )

201 Common;

U G
C

U L A R,
Q p.

Br. Zool.lU. 137.

A Bundant in all the feas, but the fillicries
■ ^ negleded or mifmanaged.

362 Torflc.

Br. Zm/. III. 143.

» t

263 Hadock.

Br.Zool. 111. I44i

* t

264 Coal.

Br. Zool.m. 152. iv.

, tab. 53,

» t
26;; Pollack,

Br. Zcol III. 154.

266 Whiting.

Br. Z03I III. 155.

* t

2O7 Ling.

Br. Zool.m. 160.

f~^ OOD fifherles of ling about the ifle of
^^ Lewis i the fame might be eftablifli'd
about the other ifles -, whofe inhabitants are
too poor to undertake any thing without
affiflance. I met with multitudes who were
reduced to the diftrefs mentioned p. 38,
for want of a few common filh-hooks : |

par tool;

I

( SI )

partook of their unhappinefs by iTiy Inabi-
lity to fupply their wants ; for I imagined
myfelf on a voyage to places where neither
riches nor poverty had reached, and came
provided wjth gew-gaws as prefents to the
good people : but alas ! in moft places a peck,
of oatmeal, or a few poor fifli-hooks v/ould
have been more acceptable than the gayefl:
produ<5lions of Birmingham or Spttle-Jields^

?rown Whiftle-fifh, Br. Zo->L III. \6^. iv.
Filhick ii\ the Orknies.

tab.

53'

B L E N N Y,

9r. ^ooJ. III. l6g, iv. tab. 34.
Br. Zool III. 171. iy. tab. g6.
Br. Zool. III. 172.

THORACIC.
GOBY.

Br. Zool. III. 174.

^73 Ri^'ei:-

BULL-HEAD.

Br. Zool. III. 1/7.

374 Armed.

( 58 )

274 Armed.

Br. Zool. III. 178.

275 Spiny.

Br. Zool. III. 179. iv, tab. 35.

275 Dorce.

D O R E E.

Er. Zool. III. 181. iv. tab. 73.

pRofefTor Oglevie, of Old Aherdeefty in-
formed me it had been taken near that
place.

F L 0 U N D

E

R.

277 Holibut.

Br. Zool. III. 185.

278 Plaife.

Br.Zool.m.,^-;.

279 Fluke.

Br. Zool. III. 187.

280 Dab.

Br. Z col. III. 188.

z%i Smear-
dab.

Br. Zool. III. 1 89. iv. tab. 46.

282 Sole.

Br. Zool. III. 190.

283 Turbot.

( h9 )

283 Tuibot. Br. ZocL III. 193,

G I L T H E A D.

*

284GilLhead. Br. 7.ool. III. 197. iv. tab. 91,

npHE Braife of the Scois,

WRASSE.

Br. Zoo!. J I r. 203.

Br. Zool. III. 206* iv. tab. 37.

PERCH.

Br. ZoolWl. 211.

STICKLEBACK.

t

289xv-fpined Br. Zool. III. 220. iv. tab. 42,

M A C K R E L.

Br. Zno<.. III. 221. iv. tab. 57.

A PPEARS not i\\iAugufi in the Northern
lean.

parts of Scotland., and then fmall and

291 Tunny,

( 6o )

291 Tunny.

Br. ZooL III. 223. iv. tab, 43. Toar Scotland,

292 Grey.

GURNARD.

iPr. Zool III. 331. iv. tah. 38.

293 Bearded „

ABDOMINAL.
L O C H E.

Br, lool.lU. 237. iv. iai. 93.

. t

294 Common

SALMON.

^r. Zof/. III. 239.

/^'OMMON in all parts during the feafon ;
^^ but rare in the Orknies.

Z'.S Grey. £r. Zool. III. 248. Phinoc. Tour Scotland.

A Grey fifh, of the falmon kind, witK a
back fpotted with black, and about a
foot long, comes up fevcral of the rivers in
Scotland in vaft fhoals during the month of
Auguji : they return to the fea in November \
are called Phinocs ; and are fuppofed by the
fifhermen to be the young of a great grey
trout weighing 30 pounds*

296 Bull.

( ^I )

j&r. 2aoh lir. 249.

Trout.

Br. Zocl. III. 250. iv. tab, 93.

"D Enarkably fine and large in moft of th&
-^ lakes.

Br. Zool. III. 253,

Br. Zool. III. 256. Iv. tab. 94^.

Br. Zool. III. 267.

T70UND in Loch-Mahon -, called in thofe
•*■ parts the Vendace., and Juvangis ; and in
Loch-Lomond, where it is called the Poan.

P I K' E.

Br. Zool. III. 270. iv. tab. 95.

Tour Scotland^ Ap^. tab., 17,

/^REAT numbers were flung on fhore on
^-^ the fands of Leitht after a great ftorr%
November i'j']o»

ARGENTINE.

( 62 )

ARGENTINE.

302 Pcaly. Br. Zooh III. 276. iv. /aL 45.

MULLET.

303 Grey. Br. ZooL IH. 278. iv. (al>. 94.

HERRING.

304 Northern Br. Zool. III. 284.

305 Sprat. Br. Zool. III. 294.

306 Shad. Br. Zool III. 296.

T Have no certain proof of the Iliad having
■^ been taken in Scotland \ but it's fry, the
white bait, appears near Aberdeen.

CARP. ,

307 Pond. Br. Zed. III. 300.

IX /ILL live but do not breed in the ponds
^^ of North- Britain.

Chub.

( 63 )

5oS Chub. Br. Zool. III. 313.

TN the Annan.

309 Bream. Br. Zool. III. 309,

pOUND in Loch-Mahan.

310 Minow. Br. Zool. III. 31S.

FRAGMENTS

( 64 )

FRAGMENTS of CLASSES.

CRUSTACEOUS ANIMALS.

CRAB.

* With a fquare body.
Cancer pagurus, Lm. Sjjf. 1044.

Cancer majnas, Lin.JyJi. 1043.

FRONT quinque-dentated, fmootli : claws
covered with minute tubercles ; body
with a velvet pile : hind legs pinnated. Skie*

XT7ITH the upper fhell lamellated : front
quinque-dentated and ferrated : two
fpines on the claws : hind legs pinnated^
Skie.

Cancer minutus, Lin.Jjift. 1040.

* With heart-fhaped body.

tour i7i Scotland, tab. xviii. IO47.
Cancer honidus, Lin. Jjji.

N

EAR Dunbar and Aberdeen.

317 Great

( 65 )

A SmalJ fpecies : claws very large and
•* ^ hairy : antennas very long, when flung
behind reaching far beyond the back. She.

LOBSTER.

Cancer Gammarus. Ljn.0. 1050.

/^^REAT numbers are fent from the
^^ Eaflern coafts of Scotland to fupply the
London markets.

Cancer Norvegicus. Lin.fyj}. 1053.
Cancer Strigofus. Lin. [yd. 1052.

TN the found of Hay,

Cancer Hcmarus. Lin.f^Jl. 1053.

Marine infefrs obfen^ed in different places.

Phalangium groffipes. Lin.fyji. 1027.

TN the late Doftor Skene's cabinet.

Phalangium Balaenarum. The whale-loufe, Lin. fsd
1028. ibid. ^■'

B

OTH found near Jkrdeen.

324

( 66 )

Onifcus marinus, Lin.fyfi, 1060.

W O R M S.
A C T Y N I A.

Hydra difciflora. Ph. Tran. voL 4, 11, 83, tab. \,fig. 5.

A P H R O D I T A.

Aph. fquammata, Lin.fyjl. 1084.

NEREIS.

N. Felagka. Li/i.Jj'fl. 10S6.
N, CcTruIea. Ltn.jyji. 1086,

MEDUSA.

M. velella, Z,/tf.^/. lOC^g.

A S T E R I A S. STAR.

A. Pet5iinata Linckii xxxvii. No. 64.

Aculeata xxxvii. No. 67.

Rubens xxxvi. No. 62.

Dentata xv. No. 18.

0]>hiura ii. No. 4.

PLANTS.

6?

PLANTS.

F 2 CLASSIS

«« C L A S S I S I.

MON ANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

SALICORNIA. Calyx i-phyllus. Cor. o.
HIPPURIS. Cal. o. Cor. o.

D I G Y N I A i

CALLITRICHE. Cal. o. Cor. 2-pctala.

Caplula 2-locuIaris.

I

i

MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 69

C L A S S I S I.

MONANDRIA

MONOGYNIA

SALICORNIA Lin, Gen. Plant, 10.
Calyx ventricLilofus, integer. Petala o. Semen unicum.

berhacea i. SALICORNIA herbacea patula, artlculis apice

compreffis emarginato-bifidis. Lin. fpec. Plants

fag, 5. {Oed, Dan, t. 303. optima,)
Marfli fampire, jointed glaflwort, or fak-wort

Anglis.
Found on the lea coafts, as at Blacknefs-Cajlk, and

Aberkdy- Bay. Dr. Parfons, G . VIII. IX.
In England the tender flioots of this plant are ufed

as a pickle, and are Ibmetimes boil'd for the

table.
There is a variety of it which puts on a woody

appearance, and is often perennial, which fome

have diftinguiili'd as a fpecies.
Several perfons have obferv'd the flowers of this

genus to have two ftamina. It may therefore

belong perhaps more properly to the next clafs

of Diandria,

F 3 HIPPURIS.

70 MONANDRIA MONOGYlsiii^.

HIPPURIS. Lin. Gen, pi II,

Cal o. Petala. o. Stigma fimplex. Sem. i .

vulgaris I. HIPPURIS. Lin. Sp. PL 6, (Oed. Dan. t. 87, opt.)

mare's tail. Anglis.

In marlhes and ftagnant waters, as in the ditches

near Edinburgh : I found it alfo in Hay, by the

fides of the Lochs in deep muddy places. % . VI.

D I G Y N I A.
CALLITRICHE. Lin. Gen. PL 13.
Cal. o. Petala 2. Sem. i ovale, nudum.
"jerna. i. C. foliis fuperioribus ovalibus, floribus androgynes.
Lin. Sp. PL 6. (Oed. Dan. t. 129, opt.)
Vernal ftar-headed chick weed. Anglis.
Found in ditches and (till waters frequently. O . V.

autumnalis q^ io\\\^ omnibus linearibus apice bifidis, floribus
hermaphroditis. Lin. Sp. PL 6. (Loes FL Prujf.
140. /. 38. Pet. Herb. hrit. t. 6./. 4.;

Autumnal ftar-headed chickweed. Anglis.

Found in the fame kind of places as the preceding.
o.IX.

2.

CLASSIS

D I A N D R I A. fi

C L A S S I s ir.
D I A N D R I A

M O N O G Y N I A.

* Flores inferi, mcnopetali^ regulares.
LIGUSTRUM. Cor. 4-fida. Bacca 4-fperma.
** Flores inferi, 7nonopetali^ irregulares. Frublus

capfularis.
VERONICA. Cor, 4-partito limbo j lacinia Infe-

rlore anguftiore.
PINGUICULA. Cor, ringens, calcarata. CaL

5-fidus.
UTRICULARIA. Cor. ringens, calcarata. CaL

2 phyllus.
**'* Flores inferi, monopeiaU, hregulares. FruSfus

gymnoffermi,
VERBENA. Cor. lubseqnalis. CaL lacinia fuprema

breviore.
LYCOPUS. Cor. fubsequalis. Stam. diftantia.
SALVIA. Cor. ringens. FiiameJtta tranvcrfe pedi-
culata.

**** Flores fiiperi.
CIRCQiA. Cat. 2 phyllus. Ccr. 2-petala obcor-
data.

* Salkornia,
D I G Y N I A.
AN THOX ANTRUM. CaL Gluma i -flora, ob-
longo. Cor. Gluma ariftata.

CLASSIS

^2 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

C L A S S 1 S II.

DIANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

LIGUSTRUM. Lin. Gen. i8.
Cor. 4-fida. Bacca tetrafperma.
"julgare i. LIGUSTRUM. Lin, Sp. PL lo. (Mill. ic. t. 162)

fig- 2-
Privet. Anglis.

In the hedges about Hamilton^ but is not common
in Scotland, b . VII.

VERONICA. Lin. Gen. 25.
Cor. Limbo 4 partito j lacinia infima anguftiore.
Ca-pjula bilocularis.

* Spicat£.
ojuhmlisi. VERONICA. Tpicis lateraHbus pedunculatis, foliis
oppofitis, caule procumbente. Lin. Sp. PL 14.
(Oed. Dan. t. 248)
Male Speedwell. Anglis.
Common in heaths and dry woods. %. VII.
** Corymbofo-racempfse.
Aiplna 2, V. corymbo terminali, foliis oppofitis, calycibus
hifpidis. Lin. Sp. PL 15. (FL Lapp. t. 9./. 4.
HaU. Strip Helvet. Pag. 235. t. i^.f. 2. Oed.
Ban. t. 16.}
Alpine Speedwell. Anglis.

It is found on the mountains of Badenoch, and
Lochaher,

Obf.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 73

Obf. The ftalk is about three inches high, iin-
branch'd, and (lightly hairy : the leaves are oval,
a little hairy, and fometimes fmooth, fcarcely
crenated on the edges : eight or ten fmall blue
flowers grow in a fhort fpike at the top of the
ftalk, mix'd with lanceolate ftipula;.

VERONICA racemo terminali fubfpicato, foliis
ovaris glabris crenatis. JJn. Sp. PL ic. (Ger,
Emac. pag. 627./. 2. Oed. Ban. 49 2 j

Little Smooth Speedwell, or Paul's-Betony. AhtUs,

Frequent in paftures, and by way-fides. 1;. VI.

Obf. The ftalk creeps at firft, but at flowering
grows erea : the flowers arife from the AU of
the leaves, on fliort fooftalks, having the three
upper fegments of the Corolla ftreak'd with
longitudinal lines : the middle fegment of thefe
three is generally blue, the two flde ones of a
paler colour, and the lowermoft while,

V. racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis planis, caule
repente. Lin. Sp. PL 16. (Ger. Emac, p, 620,/.
I. Oed. Dan. t 511. opt.)

Common Brooklime- Anglis,

Frequent in ditches and rivulets. %. VII.

Obf. It is efteem'd an antifcorbutic ; and is eaten
by fome in the Spring as a fallet, but is more
bitter and not fo agreeable to the palate as JVater-
crejfes. The flowers are of a fine blue, and the
leaves are fmooth, thick, and fucculent.

V. racemis lateralibus, foliis lanceolatis ferratis,

caule

74 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

caiile erefto. Lin, Sp. PL i6. (Ger. Emac. p. 620,
/. 2, Pet. Herb. Brit. T. 51, /. 12 )

l.ong-leav'd Brooklime. Anglis.

It grows in like places with the preceding. %, VIII.

ObC The flowers are fmaller than the veronica Bee-
cabunga^ and are of a pale flefh colour : the three
upper fegments ftreak'd with red veins.

jiHtelhta 6 VERONICA racemis latcralibus alternis ; pedi-
cellis pendulls, foliis Hnearibus integerrimis.
Lin. Syji. Nnt. 58, Sp, PL 16. (Moris Hijl. Ox.
Secf. 3, /. 24, /. 27, Oed. Dan. t. 209, opt )

Narrow- leav*d Water Speedwell. Anglis.

Found in marfhes and on the Qdes of lakes. %. VII.

Obf. The leaves are fometimes flightlv ferrated,
and the flowers generally of a pale colour, almofl:
white, but few in number, and fupported by
flender weak footflalks.

tncntana 7. ^- I'^icemis lateralibus paucifloris, calyclbus hirfutis,
foliis ovatis rugofls crenatis petiolatis? caulc de-
bili. Lin. Sp. PL 17. (Pet. Pier. Br. t. 51,/. 4,
Aicris. Hiji. Ox. Se^. 3, /. 23, /. 15, melior.)
Stalked Speedwell. Anglis,

Grows in moifl: fliady woods, but not common : in
the woods at Dunglafsy near the river. Dr Par-
fons. %. VI.
Obf. The leaves are very hairy and reddifli under-
neath : the flowers are of a pale blue, their feg-
ments edg'd with white.
chcnnackys ^"- racemis lateralibus, foliis ovatis feflil bus ru-
8. ' gofis dentatis, caule dcbili, bifariam pilofo.

Lhu

DTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 75

Zin. Mant. 317, S-p. PI. 17. (Ger. Em. (^s'h /•
3, Uiji. Ox. SeJf. 3, T. 23, /. 12, 0^^. D^;?. /.
448, opt.)

Wild Germ mder. Jnglis.

Found very common under hedges and in meadows.
11. V. and VI.

Obf. The leaves are hairy, and the flowers of an
elegant bright blue, ftreak'd with veins of a
deeper color. It is a great ornament to the
hedges.

*** Pedunculis unifloris.
VERONICA floribus folitariis, foliis cordatls in-

cifis pedunculo brevioribus. Lin. Sp. PI 18.

(Ge)'. Em. 616./. i. Oed. Dan. t. 449. opt.)
Germander-Speedwell, or Chickweed. Ayiglis.
A common weed. O. V.
Obf. It has branched trailing flalks, with leaves

growing oppofite at the bafe, but alternate at the

top : the flowers are very fmall, generally blue,

and grow flngly on long footfl:alks.

V. P.oribus folitariis, foliis cordatis incifis pedun-
culo longioribus. Lin. Sp. PL 18. (Ger. Em.
Pag. 61 ^.f. 7. Mor. Hijl. Ox. Se£f. 3. /. 24./.
21, Oed. Dan. t. 515.)

Wall-Speedwell. Anglis.

It is common upon old walls. O. V.

Obf The flov/ers of this are generally of a pale
color, almoft: white, growing on very fliort or
no tbotftalks, which difl:inguiflies it fufficiently
from the preceding,

hederifolia 1 1 .

76 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

hederifolia V. floribus folitariis, foliis cordatis planis quinqne-
*^» lobis. Lin. Sp. PI. 19. (Ger. Em. 616. f. 3- Mc^.

Hijl, Ox. Sec. 3. t. 24./. 20. Oed. Dan. t. 428.
opt.)

Ivy-leav'd Speedwell, or Small-Henbit. Anglis.

In corn fields and gardens frequent. G. V.

Obf. The ftalk is branched and trailing : the leaves
are rounded, and grow in pairs at the bafe, but
are angular and alternate under the flowers :
the footftalks of the flowers are long, hairy, and
bend downv^ards : the fegments of the calyx are
hairy, and comprefs the capfule : the flowers
are of a pale blue, or white, ftreak'd with veins
cf a deeper blue or red color.

PINGUICULA. Lin. Gen. 30.
Cor. ringcns, calcarata. Cal. bilabiatus, 5-fiduv
Cat>5. unilocularis.
vulgaris 1, PINGUICUI.A ncdario cylindraceo longitudine
Petali. Lin. Sp. PL 25. (Ger. Em. 788. /. 2.
Mcr. Hijl. Ox. Se£i. 5. /. 7./. 13. Oed. Dan, t.
93. optima.)
Common Butterwort." Anglis.
Brogan-na-cu'aig. Gaiilis.
This grows very common in moid ground.^ and

on the fides of the mountains, if . VI.
The flower is of a deep violet color, hairy within.
Tlie inhabitants of Lapland^ and the North of
Sweden., give to milk the cojififtcnce of cream,
bv pouring it warm from the cow upon the |

leaves "

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 77

leaves of this plant, and then inftantly {training
it, and laying it afide for two or three days 'till
it acquires a degree of acidity. This milk they
are extremely fond of; and when once made
they need not repeat the ufe of the leaves
as above, for a fpoonful, or lefs of it, will tura
another quantity of warm milk, and make it
like the firft, and fo on as often as they pleafc
to renew their food.

P. fcapo villofo. Lin.Sp.pl. 25. (FL Ldp.t. 12./.
2. et. Vid. 'Fig. noji,)

Little flefli-color'd Butterwort. Anglis,

I found it in Strath-Swardk, in the ifle of Skie^ in
a bog juft by Mr. M'Kennon's^ of Coryattachatty
and on the fide of a mountain there call'd Ben-
m-Caillicb. '^. VII.

Obf. The leaves are reticulated with red veins :
the ftalk Is (lightly hairy, and about two inches
high : the flower is flefli-color*d •, and the whole
plant, in all its parts, five times fmaller than the
preceding.

UTRICULARIA. Lin. Gen. 31.
Cor. ringens, calcarata. CaL 2-phyllus, asqualis-

Caps. unilacularis.
UTRICULARIA nedlario conico, fcapo pauci-
floro. Lin. Sp. pi. 26. (Petiver.Her. Brit. T. ^6.f,
II. Oed. Dan, t, i^S.opt.)
Common Hooded Milfoil. Anglis.
In deep ditches and ftagnant waters, as in GuIUoH'
Loch. Dr. Parfons, K. VII.

Obi.

78 DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Obf. The leaves are capillary, branched, and
immers*d under water, having numerous tranf-
parent vefides adhering to them: the ftalk is
ered:, deltitute of leaves above water, and bears
a loofe fpike of five or fix flowers : the calyx is
murry colour'd, the flower yellow, the lower lip
vein'd with orange, and gibbous.

minor 2. UTRICULARIA nedario carinato. Lin, Sp, pi.
26. (Pluk. Aim. t. ^g,f. 6. Petiv. herb. Brit. ST.
36./. 12. Oed. Dan. Tab. 128. opt.)

Lefl'er Hooded Milfoil. Anglis.

Found in like places with the preceding, but more
rarely : I gathered it in a bog at Coryattachan^
in Skie., together with the Pinguicula villoja. % .
VII.

Obf This has the habit of the preceding, but is,
in all its parts, much lefs : the flower is of a
paler yellow, the fpur hardly difl;inguifhable, and
the lower lip plane, not gibbous.

VERBENA Lin. Gen. 32.
Cor. infuridibuliformis, fubsequalis, curva,

CaJcys unico dente truncato. Semina 2. s. 4. nuda.
{Stam. 2. s. 4.)

officinalis i, VERBENA tetrandra, fpicis filifbrmibus panicu.*
latis, foliis multifido-laciniatis, caule folitarip.
Lin. Sp. pi. 29. (Ger. Emac. 718./. i. Tournf,
Injl. t. 94.;
Vervain. Anglis, >

By

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. >j(^

By road fides near towns and villages. O. VIII.
Without the gates of Innerkeithing, Dr. Parfcns,

LYCOPUS. Lin. Gen, 3g.
Cor. 4-fida, lacinia iinica cmarginata. Stamina
diftantia. Semina 4, retufa.
tUYofaus I LYCOPUS foliis finuato ferratis. Lin. Sp. pi. ^o.
(Ger. Emac. 700./. i. Fetiv. Herb, Br. t. 32./.

Water Horehound. Anglis.

On the banks of rivers and ditches. % . VII.

Obf. This plant has the habit of thofe of the Didy-
namia clafs, but the flowers have only two fta-
mina : they grow in thick whirls around the
ftalk, fmall and white, and hairy within : the
lower fegment is mark'd with red dots.

SALVIA Lin. Gen. pi. 39.
Cor. insequalis. Filamenta tranfverfe pedicello
affixa.
iTrhumca i SALVIA foliis ferratis finuatis laeviufculis, corolHs
calyce anguftioribus. Sp. pi. 35. {Ger. Emac. 771.
/. I. CltiJ'. Hijl. Kxxi.fg. ad/inijiram.)
Common Wild Clary. Anglis.
Under Salijhury crags, and on a bank at the en-
trance into Kirkcaldy , from Dyfart. "U. VI.

CIRCi^A. Lin. Gen. 24.

Qcr. dipetala. CaL diphyllus, fupcrus. Sem. i.

bilocuiare,

hteiiana

So DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ,

lutetianai. QIKCMA caule erefto, racemis pluribus, folhs
ovatis. Syft. Nut. 56 (Oed. Dan. /. 210. Ger.
Emac. 351. Park. 3 51. J

Enchanters Nightfliade. Anglis.

In woods and Ihady places. %. VII.

The ftalk is ered, a foot and a half high, and has
lateral branches ; the leaves are (lightly hairy on
the margin, and are either intire, undulated, or
a little ferrated : the footftalks of the flowers are
(lightly hairy, the calyx the fame, of a greenifh j
colour, a little ting'd with red, and of a much |
thicker fubftance than the petals, and a different 1
color. 1

filpina I. CIRC-^ A caule proftrato, racemo unico foliis cor- !
datis. Syji. Nat. 56. {Oed. Dan. t. 256. Moris, j
Hifi. Ox. Se5f. 5. /. 34. J%. 2. ad imum.) \

Alpine Enchanters Nightfliade. Jnglis.

At the foot of the mountains about Loch-Broom^
in Rojs-jhire. V- . Vll.

This is very nearly related to the preceding, but
differs in the following refpeds : The ftalk is
about five or fix inches high, feldom branching,
and reclines on the ground towards the baf^ :
the leaves are quite fmooth, and deeply cut or
ferrated on the edges : the footftalks of the
flowers are fmooth, the calyx the fame, of a
more delicate texture than the preceding, and
ting'd with nearly the fame red colour as the
f etals.

DTGYNIA.

i

DIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 8t

D I G Y N I A.

ANTHOXANTHUM. Lin. Gen. 42^
Cai, Gluma bivalvis, uniflora. Cor. Gluma t)ivalvls,

acuminata. Sent. i.
ANTHOXANTHUM fpica oblonga ovata, flof-

culls fubpedunculatis arifta longioribus. S^'ftk

Nat. 6y, {StilUngf. Mifcd. t. i.)
Vernal Grafs. Anglis,
In meadows and pailures frequent, i^. V.
It is one of the earlieft grafles that flowers ; and

Siitlingfleet fa^/s it gives a grateful odor to hay,

O CLASSIR

82 . TRI AND RI A.

C L A S S I S IlL

T R I A N D R I A

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores fuperi.
VALERIANA. Cor. 5-hda, bafi gibba. Sem. i,

IRIS. Cor. 6-petaloidea : Fetalis alternis reflexis.
Stigma petaloideum.

*'* Flores graminei vahulis Glum^ calycin^.
SCHOENUS. Cor. nulla. Cal. paleis fafciculatis.
Sem. fubrotundum*

SCIRPUS. Cor. nulla. Cat. paleis imbricatis. Sem.
nudum.

ERIOPHORUM. Cor., nulla. Cal. paleis imbri-
catis. Sem. lanigerum.

NARDUS. Cor. bivalvis. Cal. nullus. Sem.
tedium.

D I G Y N I A.

* Flores uni fieri vagi.
ALOPECURUS. Cal. bivalvis. Cor. univalvis
apice fimpiici.

PHLEUM. Cal. bivalvis tranctftus, mucronatus
felTilis.

PHALARJS.

TRIANDRIA; 83

PH ALARIS. Cat. bivalvis ; valvis carinatis £equa-
libus, corollam includentibus.

MILIUM. Cat, bivalvis j valvis ventricofis corolla
majoribus.

AGROSTftlS. Cat. bivalvis j valvis acutis corolla
brevioribiis.

DACTYLIS. Cal. bivalvis ; valva majore longiore
comprefia carinata.

J Arundo cnlamagroflh-^ arenaria.

*»

Fiores hiflori "jagi.

AIRA. CaL bivalvis. Flofculi abfq ; rudimento
tcrtii.

MELICA. CaL bivalvis. Rudimento tertii int^r
flofculos.

*** Fiores muUiJlori "jagi.

BRIZA. CaL bivalvis. Cor. cordata-, valvis ven-
tricofis.

POA. CaL bivalvis. Cor, ovata ; valvis acutiitfculis.

FESTUCA. CaL bivalvis. Cor. oblonga \ valvis
mucronatisi

BROMUS. CaL bivalvis. Cor. oblonga -, valvis
fub apice ariftatis.

AVENA; CaL bivalvis. Cor. oblonga-, vaivis
dorfo arifta contorta.

G 2 ARUNDO.

84 T R I A N D R I A.

ARUNDO. C^/. bivalvis. C^r. bafi lanata mutica.

* Da^ylis glomerata.
**** Flores multiflori^ infidentes receptacidi ekngati
dentibus.

TRITICUM. CaL oppofitus, multiflorus, bival-
vis, folitarius.

HORDEUM. CaL lateralis, imiflorus, bivalvis,
ternus.

ELYMUS. CaL lateralis, multiflorus, bivalvis,
binus, ternnfve.

LOLIUM. CaL lateralis, multiflorus, univalvis,

lolitarius.

CYNOSURUS. CaL bivalvis, mukifiorus. Recept,
proprium unilateralc, foliaceum.

T R I G Y N I A.

MONTIA. Cor. i-pctala. CaL diphyllus. Caps.
3-valvis, 3-rperma.

CLASSIS

TRIANDRIA MONCX^YNFA. 85

C L A S S I S III.

MONOGYNIA.

VALERIANA. Lin. Gen. 44.
Cat. nnllus. Cor, i-petak, bafi hinc gibba, fupera.

iSem. unicum.
Valeriana floribiis triandris, foliis omnibus ^pori Ai^

natis, Lin. Sp.pl. 4^. (Ger. Em. 10-^, f. 2) '
Great wild Valerian. AngVis.
In ditches and marfhy places frequent, and fome-

times in dry mountainous paltures. %. VII.
Tlie roots are efteem'd an excellent nervine : cats

are very fond of the fmell of it.

V. fioribus triandris dioicls, foliis plnnatis integer-
rimis. S,p.Fl. 44. {Ger. Em. 1075./. 3.)

Small wild Valerian. Anglis.

In marfhy meadows frequent. '^. VII.

The radical leaves of this are oval ; of the preced-
ing they are pinnated : the flowers of the male
are much larger than the female.

V. fioribus triandris, caule dichotomo, foliis linea-^
ribus Sp. PL 47. {Ger. Em. 310./. i.)

Corn-Sallet. Anglis.

In corn fields. O . V.

The radical leaves in the Spring are well known as
fallet.

G 3 IRIS.

S6

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

IRIS. Lht. Gef7. 59.
Ccr. 6-partita •, petalis aiternis refiexls. Stig>nata
petaliformla.
pf&udaccrus JRIS corollis imberbibus, petalis interioribus ilig-
*• niate minoribus, foliis enfiformibus. Lin. Sp. FL

56. (Oed. Dti?i. 494. opL Ger. Em- 50. /. 2.)
Yellow Water Flower-de-luce. Anglis.
Seilildcir. Gaulis.

By the fides ot ditches, and in marfliy places fre-
quent, n. VII.
In Jrran, and fome other of the Weftern ifles,
tlie roots are ufed to dye black ; and in Jura they
are boil'd with copperas to make ink.

SCHOENUS. Lin. Gen. 65.
Glunid; paleaces, univalves, congeftsf. Cor. o. Sem,
I, fubrotundum inter glum as.
* Culmo tereti.
nigricans I. SCHOENUS culmo tereti nudo, capitulo ovato.,
involucri diphylli valvula altera fubulata longa.
Sp. PI. 64. {Moris. Till}. Ox. Sea. 8. 1. 10. f. 28.)
Black-headed Bog-Rulli. Jnglis.
On moors and peat-bogs common. '^. . VIT.

ferrugineiis S. culmo tereti nudo, fpica duplici, involucri val-
^' vula majore fpicam lequante. Sp. pi, 6^. {AJoris.

Htjh Ox. Seel. 8. /. 12./. 40)
Brown-headed Bog-Rufn. Jnglis.
In moorifh places, rare : in the ifland of Mali ^*
YII.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 87

* Culmo triquetro,
comprejfus 7, S. culmo fubtriquctro nndo, fpica diflicha, involu-
cro monophyllo. Sp. Fl. 6^, {Vluk. FhyL t. 34.

f-s-)

ComprclTed Bog-Ruih. Anglis.
In marlliy places by the fides of lochs in Hay, but
not common.

alhiis 4. S. culmo fubtriquctro foliofo, floribus fafciculatis,
foliis fetaceis. Sf. Fl. 65. {Oed. Ban. 320. Hifi.
Ox. S. S. L g. f. Sg)

White-flower'd Bog-Rufh. Jnglis.

On moors and peat bogs common. V- . VII.

SCIRPUS. I//;. Gen. 67.

Glmn<£ paleacese, undique imbricate. Cor. o. Sent.
1. imberbe.
* Spica unica.
falufiris i. SCIRPUS culmo tereti nudo, fpica fubovata ter-
rninali. Sp. Fl. 70. {Fl. T)nn. 273. opt. Moris. Hifi,
Ox Sal. 8. /. 10. fig. 32. Loejel. PruJ. t. 36.
hem. Ger. Em. 1630.)
Club Rufh. Anglis.
In dirclies and by the fides of lochs frequent. "^ .
Vll. ^

cafpilojus 2 S. culmo ftriato nudo, fpica bivalvi terminali Ion-
gitudihe calycis, radicibus fquamula intcrftinclis.
^p. FL yi. {C)ed. Dan. 167. Fluk. Fhyt. t. 40.
/. 6.)

Heath

B8 TRIKNDRIA MONOGYNlA.

Heath Club-Rufli. Angiis.

In heaths and moors frequent, i^, VII.

aciculcns 3 S. culmo tereti nudo fetiforini, fpica ovata bivalvi,
feininibiis niidis. S^p, fl 71. {Oed. Ban. 287. Pluk.
Pb. t. 40. /. 7. Moris. Hid. Ox. S. S. (.lo.f.

.37.)
Little upright Club-Rufh.
On the fides of lochs immers'd even under the

water, and in marlhy places, about a mile N.

Weil from Laf-jsade. Dr. Parfons. % c VIII.

JlMi:ans 4. $^ culmis teretibus nudis akcrnis, caule foliofo
flaccido. $p. PL 71, {Moris, liijt. 5'. 8. /. 10. /
^i.Pluk.Ph.z^.f. I.)

■:is.

I^loating Club-Rulh. jUg

I obferv'd plenty of it by the fides of the little
lochs In the iP.and of Rum : without doubt it
may be found in many other fuch-Iike places.
In pits where water has flood for fome time is its
proper place of growth, 4. VII.

** Culmo tereti polyjiachio.

SCIRPUS culmo terfeti nudo, fpicis ovatis pluri-
buspedunculatis terminalibus. Sp. PL 72. (Moris.
Biji. Ox. Se^. 8. /. 10./. i. Ger. Em. ^s-f- 3-)

BuU-Ruih. JfJglis.

In clear ftill waters frequent. %. VII.

Jhis ruili is ufed to make baikets, mats, and feat.-
for chairs.

\Vo-vj e^ S. culmo nudo fctaceo, fpicis lateral-bus fubfolitariis
'* ' "" • ' lefiilibu'..

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 89

feffilibus. Sj). PL 73. {Oed. Dan. /. 311, H?Jl

Ox.Je^i.Z. t. iQ.f. 23.)
The left. Rufh. JngLis.
In wet, iandy, or gravelly places ; but not very

comraon, O. VII. VIIL

*** Culnio triq^itetro^ paniciila foJiacea.
mcyitimns^ S. culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacea,
fpicularum fquamis trifidis, intermedia llibulata.
.Vp. ?/. 74. {Mom. Hifi. 0,x.f, 8. /. 11./. 25. 6^
fortaU'ef. 9.)
Round rooted Baftard Cyperus. Jnglis.
On the Tea coafts not unfrequent. i^ . VII.

Jyhalicus2> S. culmo triquetro foliofo, umbella foliacea, pe-

dunculis nudis fupradecompofitis, fpicis conferris.

Sp.pL 75. {Oed. Dan. 307. Moris. Hifi. Ox. J. 8.

/. 11./. 15. Lctfel Pruf. /. 33. hna.)
Millet Cyperus-Grafs. Anglis.
In moift woods near i^(?/7/;/ caflle. Pr, Parfoiis,

TI.VII.

KRIOPHORUM. /./>/. Gen. 6'^.
Gluniie paleaceas, undiq ; imbricate. Cor. o. Seni.

I. Lana. longifTima cinftum.
ERIOPHORUM culmis teretibus, foliis planis,
fpicis pedunculatis. Sp.pl. 76. {Moris. Hifi. Ox.
f. 8. /. 9./. I. ad imu'n. Ger. Em. 29./. i. Vaill.
Botan. Paris t. ib.f. i. 2. hna.)
Couon-Grafs. Anglis,
On moors and peat-bogs very frequent. %. VII.

vagina turn

90 TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

'Laginatum E. ciilmis vaginatis teretibns, fpica fcabiofa. Sp. pi.
?* 76. (Oed. Dan. 236. Moris, f. 8. /. 9. /. 6. ^d

I mum. Scheuch.Gram. 302,/. 7./. i.henL)
Hares-Tail-Rufh. Jnglis.

It grows in the fame kind of places with the pre-
ceding, and nearly as common. %. IV-VII.
It is readily diftinguiflied from the firft fort, as it
bears only one fingle ereft oval fpike at the top
of the flalk.

NARDUS. Lin. Gen. '&g,,
Cal. nullus. Cor. bivalvis.
Jtricia I. NARDUS fpica fetacea reda fecunda. SyJ}. NaL
84. {Moris Hijl. Ox. f. 8. /. 7.'/. H. bona Schreb.
Gram. be,, t. 7.)
Mat-Grafs. Anglis.
On moors and heaths frequent. %. VI.

D I G y N I A.
PHALARIS. Lin. Gen. 74.
Cal. bivalvis, carjnatus, longitudine a^qualis, corol-
1am includens. |

cinindinacea PHALARIS panicula longa ventricdfa ampla. !
8yjl. Nat. 86. {Oed. Dan. 259. Moris. HiJi.fccJ.
8. /. 6./. 41. Loes. Fruff. No. 34.)
Reed Canary-Gr?fs. Jnglis.
On the fides of lakes and rivers frequent. %. VII.

PHLEUM. Gen. Fl. 77.

Cal. bivalvis, fellilis, linearis, truncatus, apice,

bicufpidato. Cor. inclula.

pratenfe\

I.

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 91

pratenfe i. PHLEUM fpica cylindrica longiffimaciliata,culiTio
ereclo, ^p. pi 87. {Mcris. Hill. Ox. J. 8. /. 4./.
I. inimoadfinijlrayn.)
Meadow Cat's Tail, or Timothy Grafs. Ang.is.
By way- fides and in paflures, but not common.

mdofum 2. p, fpica cylindrica, culmo afcendente, foliis obli-
quis, radice bulbofa. Syjl. Nat. 88. (Oed. Dan.
t. 38c. Moris. Hijl. Ox. f. 8, /. 4. /. 3. in imo.
Barrel, t. ^^.)

Bulbous Cat's- Tail Grafs. Anglis.

In paflures and by way-fides. ^. VII. VIII.

The limits between this and the preceding, in
fome fituations of growth, are fcarcely difcern-
ible : perhaps they are only varieties-, but as
the beft writers have feparated them, I was un-
willing to conjoin them.

ALOPECURUS. Gen. Fl. y^.
Cal. bivalvis. Ccr. univalvi^.
fi'atenfiS i, ALOPECURUS culmo fpicato credo, glumis
villofis, corollis muticis. Syji. Nat. 89. {Stillingf.
Tracl.t. 2. bona. Ger. Em. ii.fig.jinijl.)
Meadow Fox Tail Grafs. Anglis.
In moift meadows frequent. ^4. V. ,

It is efteem'd a good grafs for hay.

agrejiis 2, A. culmo fpicato erefto, glumJs Ijcvibus. SyJl.
Nat. 89. {Moris. Hiji. Ox.f. 8. t. 4./. 8. Cif "12,
Bon. Barrel. Ic. t. 699. /. i. 2. Schreb. Gram.
140, /. 19./. 2, Ger, Em. 11. Jig. dexter a.)

Field

92 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Field Fox Tail Grafs. Anglis.

In corn fields and by way-fides. % . VI. \''1L

The fpike of this is much longer and tenderer

than that of the preceding, and is of a reddiili

color.

genlculatus ALOPECURUS. culmo fpicato infrado, corollis
^' muticis. iiyft. Nr.t. 89. rQer. Em, 14. /. 2.

Schcuch. Gram, t. 3./. 6. C. D. E. Moris. Hijl,
f. 8. /. 4./. 15. iucUcr.)
Flote Fox-Tail Grafs. Anglis.
In places where water has ftood in the Winter. % .
VII. VIII.

MILIUM. Ge?t pL yg.

Cal. bivalvis, nniiiorus. Corolla breviffima. Si/g-

7}w.ta penicilliformia.

efufuvi I. MILIUM floribus pa-niculatis difperfis muticis.

Sp. pi 90. {Moris. Hijl. Ox. f. 8. /. 5. /. 10. bene.)
Millet-Grafs. Anglis.
In fhady woods, but not coinmon. Dr. Parfons.

O ? VI.

AGROSTIS. Gen. pi. 80.
CaL 2-valvis, unifiorus, corolla paulo minor.
Stigmata longitudinaliter hifpida.
* Arijiata.
caiina i. AGROSTIS calycibus elongatis, petalorum arifla
dorfali recurva, culmis proilratis fubramofis.
Syji. Nat. 90. {Schcuch, Gram, p, 141. ^ 3./. 9.

Brown

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 93

Brown Bent-Grafs. Anglis.
Upon peat- bogs frequent. % . VII.

** Miitic^.
A. panicu1?e ramiills patentlbus muticis, culmo re-

pente, calycibus jequalibus, Syii. Nat. 90. Sp^

pi. 93. {Ger. Em. p. 26. f. i.)
Creeping Bent-Grafs. Anglis.
In fandy or gravelly places that have lain under

water in the Winter. %. VIII.
The flalk reclines on the ground towards it's bafe,

and throws out young fhoots at the joints.

aJha 3. AGROSTIS panicula laxa, calycibus muticis

squalibus. Sp. pl.^Z- {Moris. Hiji. f. 8. /. 6./.
27.)

Marfh Bent-Grafs. Anglis.

In ditches and moid meadows. %. VII.

This is a much larger grafs than the preceding:,
and grows erect ; but in other refpefts differs fa
little from it, that perhaps it would be no error
to confider k only as a variety.

capillaris 4 A. panicula capillari patente, calycibus fubulatis
«qualibu5 feifpidiufcuhs coloratis, fiofculis mu-
ticis. Sp.pi. 93. (fied. Dan. t. 163. apt. Stiilingf.
Mifccl. t. 3.)

Fine Bent-Grafs. Anglis.

In meadov/s and paftures frequent. %. VIII.

The flowers of thefe three laft have all a (light
rougiinefs, and are extremely related to each
other : this laft however is the fineft and moflr

delicate

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

delicate grafs of the three, and grows erc61:,
without any flioots at the joints.

AIR A. Gen. pi. 8i.

C<iL bivalvis, biflorus. Flofculi abfque interjefto

rudimento.

* Mutter.

AIRA panicula patente, floribus muticis lasvibus

calyce longioribus, foliis planis. Syjl. Nat. 91,

Sp. pi. gS' iped. Dan. t. 381. Vail. Paris, t.i-].

/■ 7-)
Water Hair-Grafs. An^lis.

On the banks of rivulets and ponds, but not very
common. %. VI.

It varies, fometimes with five or fix flowers in a
calyx, when it happens to get in a dry foil, and
then puts on the appearance of a Poa.
** Arijlata.

AIRA foliis planis, panifcula patertte, petalis bafi
villofis ariftatifq ; arifla re£ta brevi. Sp. pi. 96.
[Moris. Hiji. Ox. f. 8. /. 5./. 17.. Ger. Em. p. 5.
/. 2. quoad panicida?n fed non folia)

Turfy PI air Grafs. Anglis.

In wet paftures and moift woods, if. VII. Vlll.

The ftalk is a yard high : the panicle often a foot
long, and when not in flower leans all one v/ay :
the leaves grow in a thick turf, are plain, rigid,
and rough to the touch : the panicle confifl:s of
a vaft number of fmall flowers, which have a
grey- purple filvery appearance.

Jlexuofa

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 95

flcxuofa 3. A. foliis fetaceis, culmis fubnudis, panlcula diva-
rica^, pedunculis flexuofis. Sp. pi. 96. {Oed.
Dan. t. 157. opt. Moris. Hifi.f. 8. /. 7./ ^.in
imo ad dextram. St ill ins: f. Mi feel. t. 4. Scheucb,
Gram. 21S. t. 6. f. 1. hf L 4./. 4.)
Mountain Hair-Grafs, Anglis.
In heaths and mountainous paftures. if. VII.
The ftalk is about a foot high, bearing a loofe open
panicle of filvery purple flowers. On rocks and
in woods it frequently varies with v/hite flowers,
which has been diftinguiflied by fome as a fpecies.
precox 4. A. foliis fetaceis ; vaginis angulatis, floribus pani-
culato-fpicatis, flofculis bafi ariftatis. Sp pi. 97.
. (^Oed. Dan. /. 383. opt. Raj. ylng. ^. p. 408. L

22./. 2.)
Early Hair- Grafs. Anglis.
In fandy barren paft:ures. Dr. Farfons. O . V.
This is not above three or four inches high, and
bears a fhort clofe panicle of whitifli green
^ flowers.
caryophyfea A. foliis fetaceis, panicula divaricata, ficribus
5- ariftatis diftantibus. Sp. pi. {Oed. Dan. t. 382.

Stillingf: Mifcel. t. 5. Moris. Hiji. Ox.f. 8. /. <.

/.ii.;

Silver Hair-Grafs. An^lis.

In landy and barren pafl:ures. Dr. Parfons. G. V.

MELICA. Gen. pi. 82.
Cal bivalvis,biflorus. Rudimentum floris interflofculos.
mitnns i. MELICA petaUs imberhihus, panicula nutante
fimplici. Sp. p. 98. {Moris Nijf. Ox. f. 8. /. 7.
/. 48.: ^ ejus Varietasf. 49.)

Mellc

96 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,

Mellc-Grafs. jinglis.

In fhady woods not uncommon : it's variety with
flowers nearly feffile, growing in a fpike inftead
of a panicle. I oblerv'd in Lord Breadalbane's
woods at y^rdmadd., in Nethcr-Lorn, 1 he ca-
lyces of both are of an auburn color, and the;
fiowers within them green. % . VI-VIII.

(.vriiJca 2. M. panicula coardata, floribus cylindricis. Lin^
Mantifs.p. 325. Aira c(srulea Sp.pL 95. {Oed.
Dan. /. 239. Moris. Hifi. Ox.f. 8. /. 5./. 22.)

Purple Mellc-Grafs. Anglis. Pund-Glafs. Gaiilis.

In wet, moorifh, and barren ground frequent. %i
Vill.

This grafs is readily diilinguiflied by it's black pur-
ple panicle : it has a bulbofe root, blue anthers,
and a purple piftil, with two or three flowers in
a calyx.

The fifhermen in the ifle of Skie make ropes for
their nets of this grafs, which they find by ex-
perience will bear the water well without rotting.

P O A. Cren. pi. 83.
Cal. bivalvis, muldfloriis. Sptciila ovata •, valvuli^
rpargine fcaWiofls acutiufculis.
alp'na i. VOh panicula difflifa ramoflflima, fpiculis fcxfloris
cordatis. Sp. pi. gg. {ejus. Veritas vivipara
Scheucb. Iter Jlp. p. 38. t. 4. /. 2. ^ Agrcjio-
graph, p. 22. /. 4./. 14.)
Alpine Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.
On the fides cf Craig-chalUach, above Finlarig, m
Brcadalbanc. Mr. Stuart. %. VI.

The

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 97

■ The fpecimen 1 law v/as the vh'iparous kind : the
leaves are fmooth, compreffed, and a little re-
curv'd : the ftalk is five inches high, llenderi>
and purple : tlie panicle open, and thinly fet
with.flowers : the calyces of a purple color: the
germina viviparous.

P. panicula difrufa, fpiculis trifioris bafi pubefceh-
tibus, culmo eredlo tereti. Sp. pL 99, {Ger. Em,
p. 2./. 2.)
Common Meadow-Grafs. Angli's.
In meadows almoft every where. % . VI.

P, panicula diffufa, fpiculis qnadrifloris pubefcenti-
bus, culmo eredo tereti. Sp. pL 99. {Mori's,
Hift.f. 8. t. 5./. 19.;

Narrow-leav'd Meadow Grafs. Anglis.

in woods and hedges, if. VIJ,

P. panicula diffufa, fpiculis quinqne fioris glabris,
. culmo credo tereti. Sp. pL 99. (Moris. Hifi. Ox.
/. 8. /. 5i/. 18. Ger. Em. F. 2. /. i.;
Great Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.
In rich meadows. %. VI.

Thefe three laft are cfteem'd amono-ft our bcfl
graffes for hay.

p. panicula diffufa angulis reclis, fpiculis obtufis,
culmo obliqiae compreffo. Sp. pi. go. {Stillingf^
Mifcel. t. 7. bona Ger. Em. p. 3. /. 2.)

Annual Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.

In meadows and by way fides, o. IV-IX.

P. panicula coartftata fecunda, pulmo obliquo com-
H preiTo',

9S TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

prefib. Sp.pLioi. {FailL Ptiris. L iS. f. ^.)
Flat ftalk'd Meadow-Grafs. Jnglis.
On walls at Mellrofs-Jbbey, &c. O ? VL
"When growing upon walls it has commonly about
three flowers in each fpicula •, when it defcends
into paRures or moid ground it has fix or more.

r.emcralis 7 P. panicula attenuata, fpiculis fub-bifloris mucro-
natis fcabris, culmo incurvo. 5/>.^/. ig2. [Scheucb
jigroft. 164. /. 2. fg. dextra. Iter, 2. p. 1-2,^. t.
18./. 3.;

Wood Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.

In woods and fhady places not unfrcquent. 11- ?
VII.

It has a weak ftalk above a yard high : a {lender
nodding panicle of pale green flowers : the glumes
of the calyx are ftreak'd with fine lines.

P, panicula fubfpicata, fpiculis fecundis coardatis,
foHis convolutis. Hudf. Fl. Ang. 35. {Oed. Dan^
t. 251.)

Sea Meadow-Grafs. Anglis.

On the lea coafts in many places : I obfcrv'd it In
the ifland of Oravfa, and in Skye at Dunvegan
caille, and at Loch-Broom in Rofs-Jhire '^. \ II.

The flalks are about fix inches high, bent at the
joints : the calyces are edg'd with purple : the
fpiculdt nearly cylindrical, each confiding of fix
or ei^ht flowers. It is very nearly related to the
felfuca fiiiitans •, perliaps the fea water may oc-
cafion the difference.

P. panicula fpicata, calycibus fubpilofis fiibquadri-

floris

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 99

P.oris pedunculo longioribus, petalis arifiatis.

Syft. Nat. 94. Aira crijlata. Sp. pi. 94! (Moris.

Hifi.f. 8. /. 4./. 7. Loef. Pruf. /. no. 7u 22.

bon.)
Criited Poa Grafs. Anglis.

In dry and mountainous pailures frequent. ^, VII.
This grafs is about five or fix inches high : the

leaves and ftalk downy ; the panicle clofe like a

fpike, of a white or greyifh color, with purple

antheras.

BRIZA. Gen. PL 84.
Cnl. bivaivis multiflorus. S-picuia difticha, valvulis
cordatis, obtufis \ interiore minuta.
medifa i. BRIZA fpiculis ovatis, calyce flofculis (7) breviore.
Sp. pJ. 103. (Oed. Dan. /. 258. Mcris, Hiji. f. 8.
/. 6./. 45. bene.)
Cow-quakes, QLiaking-Grafs. Angljs.
In meadows and paftures, but rare in the highlands.

DACTYLIS. Gen. PL 86.
Cal. bivaivis, comprefllis ; altera valvula majore
carinata.
glomerattis DACTYLIS panlcula fecunda glomerata. Lin. Sp.
I, pL 105. (Mcris. hiJl. Ox.f. 8. /. 6./. 38. Bciuh.

Prod, (^.fig.finijira.)
Rough Cock's- Foot Grafs. Anglls.
By way-fides and under hedges frequent. '^. VII.
It is a very troubk^foms creeping grafs in a garden,
and difficult to be dellroy'd. The gardeners call
H 2 ^ this

loo TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

this, and feveral other creeping kinds, Ccuch-
Grafs.

CYNOSURUS. Gen. PI, 87.
Cal bivalvis, multiflorus, Recpt. proprium unila-

terale, foliaceum.
CYNOSURUS bradeis pinnatifidis. Sp, pi 105.

{Oed. Dan. I. 238. opt. Bar el. ic. 27. Schreber.

LS.)
Creiled Dog's>Tail Grafs. Jnglis.
In dry paftures frequent. %. VII.
7'his is edecm'd an excellent grafs to feed fheep and

deer.

CYNOSURUS braaeis integrls. Sp. pi. 106. (Jr-
duin. Spec, 2, p.i2. i.G.fg. 3. 4. 5. Scheuch, Gram.
p. 83. /. 2. /, 9. J. B. Bauh. Prod. p. 21. n. y^.
cum lione. fed male.)

Blue Dog-Tail Grafs. Anglls.

In wet places on the fides of tlie mountains about
Litile-Loch-Broom, in Rofs-JJj/re, &c. %. VI. VII.

1 he root is thick and white : the ftalks from
tv/elve to eighteen inches high : the leaves plain,
fiieathing the flalks at the bafe : the fiov/ers grow
in a clofe imbricated fpike, three-fourths of an
inch long, and nearly oval, of a blue or grey
color : the invoiucrum of each fpicuia confifts
of two oval acuminated glumes, of equal fizc,
and fdvery color, fubtending one, two or three
flowers, of a blue or grey color : the exterior
valve Qi the flower is truncated, and terminated

with

I

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. joi

with three equal points, or fliort beards ; the in-
terior with only two.

FESTUC A. Gen. PL SS.

Cal. bivalvis. Spicula oblonga teretiufcula, glumis
acuminatis.
* Panicula fecunda.
oi'ina I, FESTUCA panicula fecunda coar6tata ariftata
culmo tetragono nudiufculo,, foliis fetaceis. Sp.
pi. 1 08. (Loef. Priiff. 1 10. ;?. 24. Moris. Hiji. f.
H./. 3./. 13. Pluk. Phyt. t. 34. /. 2, Stillingf.
Mifcel. t. 8. J
Sheeps Fefcue Grafs. Anglis.
In dry padures frequent. "U . VI.
The flowers vary with and without ariflse. It is an
excellent grafs for flieep paftures.

vhrpcira^. F. fpiculis viviparls. Sp. pL lo'S. (Raj. Syn. /i^o'5»
t. 22. f. i.Scheuch. Gram, 213./. i.bcn.)
Viviparous-Fefcue- Grafs. AngUs.
Upon rocks and mountains frequent. ^ . VII.
This is only a variety of the preceding, the germi-
na fliooting before the feeds are ripe.

duriufculai F. panicula fecunda oblonga, fpiculis 6-floris ob-
longis laevibus, foliis fetaceis. Sp. pi. 108, (Raj.
Syfi. p. syg. t. 19. f. lO
Hard Fefcue-Grafs. Anglis.

In dry paftures, and upon rocks in the craig of
Arifa abundantly, n. VI.

H 3 The

i02 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

The radical leaves are filiforme and channelled,
thofe on the ftalk plain.

piha 3. F. panic'jia fecunda fcabra, fpicu.lis 6-floris arlfta-
tis ', fiofculo ultiiTo mutico, culmo iemiteriti.
Sp.pl. 1C9 (SulBigf.Mifcel.t. 9.^)

Purple Feicue-Grafs. Anglis.

In dry mountainous paftures. The ifle of Cana^
abounds with this and the F. ovina. '^. VII.

■ifromoides 4 F. panicula fecunda, fpiculis ere<5lis l^vibus, caly-
cis altera valvula Integra, altera ariftata. Sp. pi.
no fPM. Phyt. /. 33./. I O.J
In dry paftures, but not common. 0. VI.
The flalks frequently decline tovvards the ground.

cidticr 5. F. panicula fecunda erefla, fpiculis fubariftatis ex-
terioribus teretibus. Sp. pi, iii. (Moris, Hijl.
Ox.f.S.t,2.f.i5.)
In moifl rich meadows, but not common. Dr.

Parforis. -n.Yll."
It is a grafs that makes moft excellent fodder for
cattle.

■** Panicula ^qiuili.

decumhenS FESTUCA panicula erefta, fpiculis fubovatis mu-

^-. ticis, calyce fiofculis majore, culmo decumbente.

Sp.pl no. (Oed. Dan. t. 162. opt. Moris. Hi ft,

/. 8. /. I . /. 6. Piiik. Phyi. t. 34. /. I .;

Decumbent Felcue-Grafs. Anglis.

In dry mountainous paftures. I faw no where

luch

TKIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 103

fuch plenty of it as in the illand of Canc.y. if.
Vil.

fiidtans J. p, panicula ramofa erefta, fpiculis fubfeililibus te-
retibiis muticis. Sp.pL iii. (Moris. Hijl.f. 8. /.
3,/. 16. StilUngf.' MifceL t. lo.)
Flote Fefcue-Grafs, Angus.
/ In ditches and watery places frequent. "U. VII.

This grafs is of afucculent nouril]::ing quality, and
cattle are very fond of it. It would doubtlcfs
be a good kind to fo\v in \yet meadows.
The feeds of this grafs are in F eland and Germany
brought to the tables of the great, as an agree-
able and nourifliing food, under the name of
^anna Seeds.

fylvatica 8. F. fpicata, fpiculis dlternis flibdiftichis fefTilibus
ariilatis. Huds. Fl. Ang. p. 38. Bromus ^/;7;zj-
tus. Lin. Sp. pi. (Oed. Dan. t. 1 6 j. )

Wood Fefcue-Grafs. Anglis.

In woods and hedges not uncommon. %. VIII.

The beards arife from the extremity of the glumes :
it is therefore properly a felluca, tho' it has the
habit of a bromus, the haves "being hairy, the
ipiculas rough, and the beards long.

bromus". Gen.. FL 89,
Cal: bivalvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, dldicha ;
arifta infra apicem.
jnollis I. BROMUS panicula ere6liufcula, fpicis ovatis
pubefcentibus •,- ariftis rectls, foliis moUilTimc

viliofis.

io4 . TRIANDRTA DIGYNIA.

villofis. Sp. pi ill. {Moris. Hifi. Ox. f. 8. /. 7,

/. 18. l^ ejus varietns.f, 19. J
Soft Bromc-Grafs. Anglis.
In meadows and on dry banks. O VI.

arvenfis 2. BROMUS panicula nutante, fpiciilis ovato ob-
iongis. Sp.pl, 113. (Ocd. Dan. 293.^

Corn Brome Grafs. Anglis.

I found what I take to be a very fingular variety
of this upon the fandy fliore in the ifland of
O-ranjay, The ilalks v.;ere about five inches
high : the radical leaves fmooth, ftifF, chan-
nelled and fubulated ; thofe on the ilalks broader,
iheathing it like Spathjs : the clofe panicle, or
rather fpike, con lifted of eight or ten fpiculac,
nearly feflile, and growing on one fide of the
italk : thefe fpiculce were fmooth^ without beards,
exadly like thofe in the figure referr'd to, con-
fifting each of about five flowers. I apprehend
the lea-water occafions the convolution of the
leaves, and the poverty of the foil the other dif-
ferences. G, VII.

f^mlis. 3, B. panicula patuk fpiculis oblongis diftichis, glu-
mis fubulato-ariftatis. Sp pi. 113. {Moris. Hifi.
Ox. Seel. S. L y.f. 11. Ger. Ein. 76. /. i. k?2c.)-

Barren Brome-Grafs. Anglis.

In hedges and on walls and dry banks. G. VL

EROMUS panicula nutante, fpiculis quadrifioris
ariilis brevioribus. Sp. pi 114. (Vaill Botan,
F^^ris. t. J 8 /. :?.)

Tall

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 105

TaU Brome-Grafs. ylngl'is.

In fnady woods, as at Annaddy^ ;n Nether-Lorn^
&c. 1;. Vill.

AVENA. Gen. Plc^i.

Cal. bivalvis, multiflorus •, arlfta dorlixli contorta.

AVENA paniculata, calycibus bifloris flofculq
hermaphrodito fubmutico, mafculo ariftato. Sp^
J)L 117. {Oed. Dan. 165. Mons. Hifl.f. 8 /. 7.
/. 37 £5? 3S. Bauh. Prod. p. o,. fig- ad dext,)

Tall Oat-Grafs. Anglis,

Swines Ar-Nnts, or Earth-Nuts. Scoiis.

In hedges and paftures frequent. '^. VJI.

It varies with fibrous roots, or with feveral tuber-
cles laid upon one another.

A. paniculata calycibus trifloris, flofculis omnibus
bafi pilofis; ariftis totis Isvibus. Sp. pi. 118.
{Moris. Hi/i.f. 8. t. 7./. 5. Barrel, ic. ys- ^- 2 J

Bearded Oat-Grafs. Anglis.

In corn fields. Sibbald. q, VII.

1 he beard of this is well known to make a very
fenfible hygrometer. The feeds Iiave a hairy
Tlind.

A. fubfpicata, calycibus fubtrifloris bafi pilofis,
foliis planis pubefcentibus. Syjf, Nat. 99. (Raj.
Syn. 406. t. 21. f. 2.)

Soft Oat- Grafs. Anglis.

On dry mountainous paftures. %. VI. VII.

AVENA fubfpicata, calycibus 5-floris. Sp.pLiig.

Raj..

io6 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

(Raj. Syn. 406. t. 21./. i. hem. Moris. Hi/2, f. 8.

/. 7./. 21. Vaill. Par. t. 18./. i.J
Meadow Oat-Grais. Angl'is.
On dry mountainous pafiures about Blair, &c. '^.

VII.
The leaves are fmooth, narrov/, ftifT, their edges

frequently turning inwards : the fpicubj grow

parallel to the ilaik, and clofe to it. generally

but one on a peduncle.

favefcens^ A. panicula laxa, calycibus trifloris brevibus, fiof-

culis omnibus ariftatis. Sp.fl 118. (Moris. Hijf.

/. 8. /. 7./. 42. Scheh. Gram. 72. /. 9)
Yellow Oat-Grafs, ylnglis.

In dry meadows and pafturcs. Dr. Parfons. %. VII.
The panicle is cornpoied of numerous ipicul^,

much fmaller than ;n any of the other fpecies,

and of a yeilowilli color.

ARUNDO. Gen. PLc)^.
Cat. bivalvis. FloJcuU congefti, lana cin6li.
[wrcgmiles ARUNDO calycibus quinquefloris, panicula laxa.
I. Sp. pi. 120. {Moris. HiJf. f. S. i S. f. u Ger.

Em. '^e.f. 1.)
' Common Reed-Grafs. Anglis.
Qn the fides of lochs and in ditches frequent, if.
VII.

lalamagrog^ ARUNDO calycibus unifioris, culmo ramofo. ^p.
lis 2. fl 121. {Oed. Dan. t. 280. Moris. Hijt. f. 8. /.

8. /. 2. Scheucb. Gram, 122. /. 5. bene )

Branched

I

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. 107

Branched Keed-Grafs. Anglis.

In Ihady moiil places, but not common. %'. VII.

A. calycibus unifloris, foLis involutis mucronatO'
pungentibus. 5>.^/. 121. i^LVloris. Hijt. f. 8. /. 4.
/. 16.J

Sea Reed- Grafs. Anglis. Bent. Scotis. ' Muran,
Gaulis.

On the fea Hiore In Tandy places not unfrequent,
as on the coaft of Canlire, between Machrianifh
bay and Barr^ and near Aberhrcthick, in Angus,
&c. ^. VJI.

LOLIUM. Gen. PL 55.
Cal monophyllus, fixus, miiltifiorus.
LOLIUM fpica mutica, fpiculis compreflis miilti-
floris. Sp. pi. 122. {Moris. Hifi.f. S. /. 2./. 2. Ger.
Em. 7B. /. 2.)
Perennial Darnel-Grafs. Anglis.
By way-fides and in paftures common, if . VI.

L. fpica ariftata, fpiculis diftantibus comprefTi?
multifloris. 6>/. Nat. 100. [Oed. Ban. t. 160.)

Annual Darnel-Grafs. Anglis.

In corn fields, but not common. Dr. Tarfons. o .
VIII.

The leeds of this grafs will intoxicate man, birds,
and beafts ; and taken in any confiderable quan-
tity will bring on convulfions and death. Haller,
Helvet. 205, 20^.

ELYMUS.

arCKi^rius i .

loS TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

ELYiMUS. Gen. PL 96.
CcL lateralis, bivalvis, aggregatus, multiflorus.

ELYMUS fpica erecla ardta, calycibiis £omentofi's
flolculo longioribus. Sp.pl. 122. {Fig.jiuUa^quam
[do, credcnda. hig. 14./. 8. /. 4. Moris. Hiji. Ox.
appropinquate Jed fpica nimis parva ^ hrevis., nOQ,
t omen t of a.)

Sea Lime- Grafs, Anglis.

On the fea coaft in Tandy places, but not common.
1;. VI, VII.

The leaves are channeled, rigid and pungent : the
fpike linear, downy, and about eight or nine
inches long. The creeping roots of this grafs,
and the arundo arenaria, confine the fea fands
from being blown about by the winds, and by
that means prevent often very deftrudlive inun-
dations.

ELYMUS fpica nutante adlfa fpiculis redis invo-
lucro deftitutis, infimis geminis. Sp. pi. 124.
Triticum caninum. Hudf Fl. Jug. 45. {Moris.
Hift.f. 8. /. I./. 2.)

Dog's Lyme-Grafs. Anglis.

In dry fhady upland woods. Dr. Farfons.

In the den of Bethaick., near Perth, <kc.

ccmnus 2,

inHVinUm I.

HORDEUM. Gen. PL 98.
CaJ. lateralis, bivalvis, uniflorus, ternus,
HORDEUM flofculis lateralibus mafculis ariftatis,
involucris intermediis ciliatis. Sp.pl. 126. {Scheuch.

Grmii^

TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA. log

Gram. p. 14. bene. Moris. Hift. f. 8. /. 6./. 4. in
imo^extram. ^ ejus var. |3. Vaill. Paris. /. 1 7. /,
6. h/ie.)

Wall Barley. .^;;ff//.r.

On walls and by way fides. O. VI-VIII.

TRITICUM. Gen. PL 99.
C^/. bivalvis, folitarins, fubtriflorus. F/;?^ obtufiiif-

culus, acutiis.
TRITICUM calycibus quinquefioris trimcatisi

foliis involutis. Sp.pl. 128. (Pluk, Phyt. t. 33. f.

4. a.)
Sea Wheat- Grafs. AngUs.
On the fca coafts in fandy places frequent, as in

the ifle of Bute, on the Weilern coaft of Canlire,

and in the i (lands of Oranfay, and Icohmb-ktll

abundantly. %. VII.

T. calycibus quadrifioris fubulatis acuininatis, fo-i.

liisplanif. Syfi. Nat. p. 102. Sp.pl. 12S. {Moris.

Hijt, Ox./. 2. L r./.'s. inimo.)
Dog's-Grals, or Couch-Grafs. Anglis.
In hedges and corn-fields. %. VII.
The roots of this grafs are efteem'd to be diuretic

and refolvent ; and have been recommended by

the great Boerbave in fci/hofities of the liver.

TRITICUM calycibus fexfloris, flofculis fecundis
apice ariftatis. Lin. Mantifs. p. 325. Sp. pi. 128.
Poa lo'.icc:a. Hiidf. PI. Ang. 35. {Pluk. phyt. /,
32./. 7. Moris. ]. o. t. 2./. 6. ordinQ 2. do.)

Se.) Wheat-Grafs. Angdi.

On

tio TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

On the fandy fea fliore upon the Weflerri coaft df
Cantire. O. VI.

The Italks are about four or five inches high, firm
and ftifF: the fpiculas grow feflile and alternate,
and in all the fpecimens I have ever feen, without
beards, exadly agreeable to Plukenei's figure. I
flrongly fi.ifpe6l: it to be only a variety of the Poa
rigida 1 in. Sp. pi. ibi. Moris, Hiji. f. 8./. 2./.
9. ^ Vail. Paris. /. 18./. 4. occafioned by the
fea water.

T R I G Y N 1 A.

MONTIA. Gen. PL loi.
Cal. diphyllus. Cor. i. petala, irregularis. Caps.
I. locularis, 3-valvis.
fcrJ::na i. MONTIA. Sp.pl. 119. {Oed. Dan. t. 131. Mich.
Gen. 18. /. 13./. 2. Pluk.phyt. t. 7. /. 5. VaiL
Paris, t. 3./. 4. opt. Pet. herb. t. 10. f. 12.)
Blinking Chickweed. Anglis.
By the fides of fprings and rivulets frequent. O , V.

CLASSIS

T E T R A N D R I A. in

C L A S S I S IV.

TETRANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

^ Flores tncnapetali, monofpermi^ fuperi aggregati,
DIPSACUS. Cal. communis foliaceus. Recept.

conicum, paleaceum. Sem. coliimnaria.
SCABIOSA. Cnl. communis. Recept. elevatum

fubpaleaceum. Sem. coronata, involuta.

** Fl. monapetali^ monocarpi, inferi.
CENTUNCULUS. Cor, rotata. CaL 4. partitus.

Caps. I. locularis, circumfcifla.
PLANT AGO. Ccr. refrafta. CaL 4. partitus. Caps,

2. locularis, circumfcifla.

* Gentiana campejtris.
Fl. fnonopetali^ monocarpi\ fuperi,
SANGtJISORBA. Cor. plana. CaL 2. phyllus.
Caps. 4-gona, inter calycem & coroUam.

FL monopetali, dicocei, fuperi. Stellatae.
GALIUM. Cor. plana. Fru^us fubglobofi.
ASPERULA. Cor. tubulofa. Frt'Mus fubglobofi.
SHERARDIA. Cor. tubulofa. FriiJlus corona-

?us. Sem. 3-dentatis.

FL

!i2 T E T R A N D R I A.

Fl. tetrapetali, fuperi.
CORN US. Cal. 4-dentatus, deciduiis. Brupa nw-
cleo 2-loculari.

FL incompkti, infer:.
ALCHEMILLA. Cal. 8-fidns. Sem. i. calyce in-
clufum.

D I G Y N I A.

APHANES Cor. nulla. C<?/. 8-fidus. Sem. 2.
'•• Gentiana campejlris.

TETRAGYNIA.
'ILEX. Cor. i-petala. Cal. 4-dentatus. Bacea 4-

fperma.
S AGIN A. Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus. Caps.

4-locularis polyfperma.
POTAMOGETON. Cor. o. Cal. 4-phyllus. Sem.
4, feiriiia.
■^RUPPIA. Cor. o. Cal o. Sem. 4, pedicellata,
* Lbium catharticum.

CLASSIS

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 113

C L A S S I S IV.

TETRANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

DIPSACUS. Gen. PL 114-
Cal. communis polyphyllus -, proprius luperus. Re-

cept. paleaceurri.
DIPSACUS foliis felTilibus ferratis, paleis fru6lus

ere5lis. Lin. Mantifi. 328. Sp. pi. 140. DipfacuS

Jyheftris. Hudf. Ft. Ang. {Gen Em. ii6-]. f. 1>

Moris. Hijf.f. 7. /. 36./. 3.)
Wild Teafel. Jnglis.
In rude uncultivated places, as at Lord Elgin\

lime-works nz-ix Dunfermling^ &c. $ . VIL VIIL

D. foliis petiolatis appendiculatis. 5";^. pi. 141.

{Ger, Em. 11 68. /. 3* malcy quia fine appendi-

culis.)
Small Wild Teafel, or Shepherd's-Rod. Anglis.
In moid hedges and ditches, but not common.
The heads of flowers in this fpecies are fpherical

and white, in the preceding oval, and the flowers

purple. S . VIII.

SCABIOSA. Ge7t. PL 115.

Cai communis polyphyllus ; proprius duplejt fupe-

rus. Recept. paleaceum feu nudum.

* Corollulis quadrifdiSi

I SCABIOSA

114 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

fiiccifa I. SCABIOSA corolkilis quadrifidis asqualibus, caule
fimplici, ramis approximatis, foliis lanceolato-
ovatis integerrimis. Sp. pi. 142. (Oed. Dan. t.
279. opt. Moriji. Hift. f. 6. f. 13. /. 7. Ger, Em.
726. fed. fol. f err at is.)
Devil's-Bit. Jnglis.
In meadows and paftures. %. VIII.

cirvenfis 2. SCABIOSA corollulis quadrifidis radiantibiis, canle
hifpido, foliis pinnatifidis, lobis diftantibus. 6'^.
pi. 143. {fled. Dan. t. 447. opt. Moris. Hiji.f. 6.
t. i3-/- I. Ger.Em. 719./. 1.)
Corn-Scabious. Anglis. Gille-guirmein. Gaulis» -
In corn-fields frequent. 1;. VIII. f

** Corollulis 5-fdIs.

columbaria ^- corollulis quinquefidis radiantibus, foliis ra-lica-

2. libus ovatis crenat.s, caulinis pinnatis fetaceis.

Sp.pl. 143. {Oed. Dan. /. 314. opt. Ger. Em. yic).

/. 2.)

Little Field Scabious. Anglis.

Upon dry mountainous paftures, but rare. Sihhahl

SHERARDIA. Gen. PI. 120.
Cor. monopetala, infundibuliformis. Se?n. 2, triden-
tata.
arvenjis i. SHERARDIA foliis omnibus vertic.lJatis, fioribus
terminalibus. Sp.pl. 149. (Oed. Dan. t. 4.^^. opt.
Barrel, ic. ^4.1. n. i.)
Little Field-Madder. Jnglis.
In corn fields of fandy or gravelly foil not unfre-
quent. O. VI-VIII. The flowers are purple.

ASPERULA.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 115

ASPERULA. Gen. PL 111.
Cor. monopetala, infundibuliformis. Sem. 2, glo-
bofa.
tdorata i. ASPERULA foliis ononis lanceolatis, florum faf-
ciculis pedunculatis. Sp. pi. 150. {Miller, t 55.
/. 2. Ger. Er/i. 11 24./. \. Moris. Hift. f. 9. /. 22.
fub eodem nomine.)
Woodruff. Jnglis.
In woods and fliady places. 1; . V.

GALIUM. Cen.pl. 125.

Cor. monopetala, plana. Se7n. 2, fubrotunda.

* Fru5iu glahro.

palujlre i. 'GALIUM foliis quaternis obovatis inasqualibus,
caulibus diffufis. Sp.pl. 153. {Oed.Dan. t.^iT^^
opt. Pet. herb. t. 30, /. 5.)
White Ladies Bedflraw. Jnglis.
On the fides of lochs and rivulets. Dr. Parfons.
%, VII.

uliginofum G. foliis fenis lanceolatis retrorfum ferrato-aculeatis
2. miicronatis, corollis fruclu majoribus. Sp. pi.

153. {Pet. herb. t. 30, /. 6.)
Marfli Bedflraw. Anglis.
By river-fides and in moill meadows. "V. VII.
Galium montanum Hudf. Fl. Ang. s^-> feems to be
only a variety of this, growing in dry and moun-
tainous paftures.

verum 3. G. foliis ononis linearibus fulcatis, ramis floriferis

I 2 brevibus

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
brevibus. Sp.pl 155. (Miller, ic. 139./. r. Ger*
Em. I i 26. /. > . Moris, hiji.f. 9. /. 21. /. i.fecondo
or dine adfiniftram.)

Yellow Ladies Bcdftraw. Anglis. Ru. Gaulis.

On dry banks and fandy Tea fhores abundantly. %,
VIII.

In Arratiy and fome of the Weftern iflands, the in-
habitants make a ftrong decoftion of this herb,
and ufe it as a runnet to curdle milk : and in
Jura^ Uifiy and Lewis, &c. I was inform'd they
ufeu the roots to d} e a very fine red, not inferior
' to that from madder itfelf, but the roots are
fmall.

GALIUM foliis odonis ovato-linearibus fubferra-
tis patentifTimis mucronatis, caule fiaccido, ra-
mis patentibus. Sp. "pi. 155. {Oed Dan. t. 455.
opt. Ger. Em. 11 27./. 4. Moris, hijl. f. ^y t. 22.
/. I. or dine prima.)

Great Baftard Madder. Anglis.

In hedges, and on fhaded rocks by the fides of ri-
vers, but not common, fti Cartland rocks near
Lanerk, &c. V.VIL

** Fru£fu trifpido.

G. foliis quaternis lanceolatis trinerviis glabrls,
caule eredlo, feminibus frifpidis. Sp. pi. 156.
{Moris. hiJl.f. 9. /. 22./. 7. Fet. herb. t. 30. /.
7., Jed amha jig. maloe.)

CrofTwort, or Northern -Madder. Anglis.

Upon rocks by the fides of rivers and lakes not
unfrequent. "^ . y\\.

The

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. n;

The roots of this and the preceding have the qua-
lity of dying red as well as the galium verum^
but arc not to be found in fufficient quantity
for ufe.

aparine 6. G. foliis odonis lanceolatis carinatis fcabris retror-
fum aculeatis, geniculis villofis, frudu hifpido.
Sj). pL 157. COed. Dan. t. 495. opt. Ger. Em.
1 122. /. I. Moris, hijl.f. 9. /. 22. /. i. crdinis
feciindi ad fmtfiram.)

Cleavers or Goofe-grals. Anglis.

In hedges and cultivated ground frequent, o • VI.
VII.

Linnaeus tells us that the Swedes filtrate their milk
through a quantity of the (talks of this herb : an
obfervation that may poffibly be of ufe to fuch
who are deftitute of proper ftrainers for that
purpofe.

PLAN r AGO. Gen. PL 142.
Cal. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida ; limbo reflexo. Stamina
longiflima. Caps, bilocularis, circumfcifla.
makr i PL. ANT AGO foliis ovatis glabiis, fcapo tereti,
fpica flolculis imbricatis. Sp. j)l. 163. {Oed.Dan.
t. 461. opt. Ger. E-m. 419. /. i.)
Great Plantain. Anglis. Cuach-Phadruic. Gaulis.
In paftures and by v/ay-fides. '^. VI. VII.

■'f2cdia 2. P- foliis ovato-lanceolatis pubefcentibus, fpica cy-
lindrica, fcapo tercti. S[). pi. 163. {Ger, Em.
419./. 2. Moris-, hijl.f. S'. /. 15./. 6.)

I 3 Hoary

ii8 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Hoary Plantain. Anglis,

In paflures of a gravelly foil, but not common.
Sihbald. %. VI. VII.

lancedata 3 p^ foijig lanceolatis, fpica fubovata nuda, fcapo an-
gulato. Sp.pl. 16^ (Oed, Dan.'i. 4.^'],-Ger. Em,
422./. 1.)

Ribwort Plantain. Anglis. Slan-lns. Gaulis.

In meadows and paflures common. %. VII.

There is a dwarfifh variety of this, with a globular
ipike, growing fometimes in barren and rocky
places, which feems to be the Plantago monlana
Hudf. FlAngl 53.

maritma 4 p. foliis femicylindraceis integerrimis, bafi lanatis \
fcapo tereti. 5^./;/. 165. {(Jed. Dan, t. 243. opt,^

Sea Plantain. Anglis.

It grows not only by the fea fhorcs, but even to
the fum.mits of the higheft mountains in the
highlands : the anthers are conftantly yellow.
%. VII.

corcnopus 5 PLANTAGO foliis linearibus dentatis, fcapo te-
reti. Sp. pi. 166. {Oed. Ban. t, 272. opt. Ger.
Emac. ^2-]./. I. Morijl. hijf.f. 8. /. 17./. 31.)

Buckfnorn Plantain. AngHs.

In gravelly foils not unfrequent, and often upon
the fea coair. G . VII.

CENTUNCULUS. Gen. PL 145.

Cal, 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida, patens. Siam. brevia.

Caps, i-locularis, circumfcifTa.

mwimus

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 119

minimus I, CENTUNCULUS. Sp.pl. 169. {Oed. Ban. t.
J yy. opt. Vail. Paris, t. \.f, 1.)
Baftard Pimpernel. Anglis.

in gravelly places that are a litttle moid, but not
common. Dr. Parfons. O. VII.

SANGUISORBA. Gen. PI. ^^6.
Cal. 2-phyllus. Germen inter calycem corollamque.
officinalis u SANGUISORBA fpicis ovatis. Sp. pi. 169. {Oed.
Dan. f. 97. opt. Moris, hiji. f. 8. /. 18./. 7. Ger.
Em. 1045./. 2 J
Great Wild Burnet. Anglis.

In low moifl meadows near Dumfries., &c. but not
common. % . VI. VII.

CORNUS. Gen. PL 149.
Involucrum 4-phyllum faepius. Petala lupera qua-
tuor. Dnipa nucleo biloculari.
'fuecica i. CORNUS herbacea ramis binis. Sp.pl. 171. {Oed.
Dan. t. 5. opt. Flor. Lap. t. 5./. 3. ^ fig. ncj}.
Dwarf Honeyfuckle. Anglis.
Lus-a-chraois. Gaulis. i. e. Plant-of-Gluttony.
In moorilli places by rivulets on the fides of the
highland mountains not unfrequent, in AthoU
about Loch-Rannocb, on Be7i-mor and Cbealleach
in Breadalbane, and in Rofs-fhire on the moun-
tains about Lech-Broom, &c. %. VI. VII.
This elegant plant is about fix inches high : the
leaves grow oppofite to each other, oval, fmooth,
feflile, and ribb'd v/ith five nerves : the involu-
crum of the flower confifts of four white leaves

refembling

I2Q TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

refenibling the petals of a corolla, in the cen-
tre of which grow twenty or more fmall black ifli
tetrapetalous flowers, fiipported by Ihort pedun-
cles : thefe are fucceeded by a clufter of red
berries when ripe -, in each of which is a heart-
Ihap'd kernel, having two cells. The berries
have a fweet waterilh taile, and are fuppofed by
the highlanders to create a great appetite, whence
the Erie name of the plant. Mr. Stuart.

ALCHEMILLA. Geiu PL 165.

Cal. 8-fidiis. Cor. o. Semen unicum.

n'J^aris i. ALCHEMILLA foliis lobatis. Sp. pl.iyS. {Moris,

hift.f. 2. t. 20. f. 1. in imo. Miller, icon. p. 18. ^

Far. minor, foliis puhefcentibus. Pluk. t. 240./. 2)

Ladies Mantle. Anglis. Copan-an-driuc, Cota-

preafach-nion-an Ri. Gau/is.
In dry paftures and on the fides of mountains
abundantly. ^. V-VIIJ.

fpina 2. ALCriEMILLA faliis digitatis ferratis. Sp. pi.
^yc). (Oed. Dan. t. 49. opt. Pet. herb. t. 9./. 11.
Moris, hijl.f. 2. t. 20./. 1. fed male quip fe folia
non apice ferraia.)

Cinquefoil Ladies-Mantle. Anglis.

Upon ail the mountains in the highlands abun-
dantly, even on their very fummits : one of tlie
moil aerial plants of A^. Britain. The leaves,
arc generally divided into feven lobes, ferrated
at the extremities, and of a beautiful white fattia
color underneath.

DIGYNIA,

i

i

TETRANDRIA D^GYNIA. 121

D I G Y N I A.

APHANES. Gai. PL 166.
Cal. 8-fidiis, Cor. o. Sem. 2, nuda.
arvenfts i, APHANES. Sp. pi. 179. {Mcris. hifi. f. 2, t. 20.
f. 4. in imo. Pet. herb. t. 9. /. 12. tcl, Ecpbras. t.
146, bene. Ger. Em. p. ^S^^-f- i-)
Parfley-Piert. Anglis.
In corn fields and gravelly foils frequent. © . V,

T E T R A G Y N I A.

ILEX. Gen. PL 172.
CaL 4-dentatus. Cor. rotata. Stylus, o. Bacca 4-
fperma.
aguifolium ILEX foliis ovatis acutis fpinofis. Sp. pL 181. {Oed.

1. Dan. 508. Miller, icon. 46. bene. Ger. Em. 1338)
Holly-Tree. Anglis. An cuil-fhionn. Gaulis.

In woods and hedges. ^ .

POTOMOGETON. Gen. PL 174.
CaL o. Petal a 4. Stylus o. Sem. 4.
natans i. POTOMOGETON foliis oblongo -ovatis petio-
lat";s natantibus. Sp. pi. 182. {Ger. Em. %ii. f. i)
Broad- leav'd Pond weed. Anglis.
In lakes and ftili waters frequent. %. VII.

perfoliatum P- ^'^^"^ cordatis amplexicaulibus. Sp.pL 182. (0^^/.

2. D^;?. /. 126. opt. Ger. Em 822./. 3.)
Perfoliated Pondweed. Anglis.

In rivers and lakes. i(. VIL

The

122 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

The leaves are of a thin delicate texture, a fine
green color, and tranfparent like a piece of oil'd
paper.

denfum 3. POTOMOGETON foliis ovatis acnminatis oppo-
fitis confertis, caulibus dichotomis, fpica qua-
driflora. Sp. pi. 182. {Ger. Em. ^1^, f. 3)

Leffer Water Caltrops, or FrogVLettuce. An^lis.

In ditches and rivulets : in the ditch on the right
hand of the walk going down the meadows near
Edinburgh. Dr. Parfons %. VI,

The leaves at the tops of the branches are crouded
clofe together, and not lerrated on the edges :
the footflalks of the flowers rife out at the di-
vifion of the llalks, and are very lliort and re-
flex'd.

lucens 4. P. foliis lanceolatis planis in petiolos definentibus.
Sp. pi 18^. {Ocd. Ban. 195. opt. Pet. herb. t. 5.

/• 5.)

Long-leav'd Pond weed. Anglis.
In rivers and lakes frequent, as in Dudijlon-Loch,
near Edinburgh, &c. Dr. Parfcns. % . VII.

trifpiim 5. P.- foliis lanceolatis alternis undulatis ferratis. Sp.

pi. 183. 'fier. Em. 824./. 2. Pet. herb. t. s- f- 9)

Curled Pondweed, or Greater Water Caltrops.

Anglij.
In ditches and ponds frequent, if. VI.
The llalk of this kind is greatly comprefs'd, and
varies with alternate and oppofite leaves, fo that

the

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 123

the P. /erratum. Lin. Sp. pi. is probably only a
variety of this fpecles.

P. foliis linearibus obLufis, caiile compreflb. Sp. pi.

183. (Oed. Dan. t. 203. cpt. Pet. herb. t. 5.}. 10)
Flat-ftalked Fondweed. Jngiis.
In ditches and ftagnant waters, but not common*

n. VII.
The leaves are four or five times longer than the

StipuU. The fpike produces about fix fmall

flowers.

POTCMOGETON foliis lineari-lanceolatis alter-
nis feflilibus ftipula latioribus. Sp. pi 184. {Oed.
Dan. t. 222. opt. Raj.fyn.p. 150. /. 4./. '^. fed
non bene quoniamfine Stipulis ; quadrat melius ad
P. comprejfum in multif. Loef. PruJ. p. 206. No
66.)

Grafs-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.

In ditches and ponds not very common, if. VIII.

The {talks of this are round and flender, the leaves
feflile and pointed, and aboui twice the length
of the ilipulas, which are much larger in this
than the preceding : the fpike has fifteen or
twenty flowers.

P. foliis fetaceis parallelis approximatis difliichis.
Sp. pi. 183. {Ger. Em. 828. /. 4. pet. herb. t. 5.

/• -s-)

Fennel-leav'd Pondweed. Anglis.

In rivers and lakes. Dr. Parfons. %. VII.

piifilum

124 TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

piijillumg. P. :foliis linearibiis oppofitis alternifq ; diftindii.
bafi patentibus, caule tereti. Sp. pi, 184. {Loes,
Pruf 206. /. 67. PeL herb. t. 5./. 11.)
Small Grafs-leav'd Pondvveed. Anglis.
In ditches and ftagnant waters. %. VIII.

marinumio P- foliis linearibus alternis diftincStis, inferne vagl-
nantibus. Sp, pL 184. {Oed, Ban. t. 186. cpt.
Vail. Paris, t. 32./. 5?)

Sea Pondweed. Anglis,

In ditches and ftagnant waters by the fea-fide not
uncommon. "U. VIII.

The ftipnlae in th.s fpecies are a little bifid at top,
and the leaves rife from the ends of them : in
the other kinds the ftipuls are diftinfl from the
kaves.

RUPPIA. Gen. pi. 1-15.
Cal. o. Ccr. o. Sem. 4-pedicellata.
fnariiimai. RUPPIA. Sp. pi. 184. {Oed. Dan. /. 364. opt. Mi-
chel. Gen. 72. /. 35. Pluk. phyt. 248. /. 4. Pet.
herb. t. 6. f. 1.)
Sea Riippia. Anglis.
In ftagnant waters by the Tea fide not uncommon,

as at Glen-Elg^ in Invernefsjhire., &c. if. VIII.
It has the habit of^potomogeton, but may readily
be diftinguiilied by it's little umbel of oval feeds
ftanding fingly on footftalks.

SAGINA. Gen, pi, 176.

Cal. 4-phyllus. Petala 4. Caps, i-locularis, 4-valvis,

polyfperma.

procumhns

I

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 125

procumhens SAGINA ramis procumbentibus. Sp. pi. 185. {Pet.
!• berl', t. 59, /. 10. SemierVeronens, 421. /. 5./.

3. melir. Pluk. phyt. t. 74./. 2.)
Pearlwort. Anglis.

In fandy and gravelly foils frequent. O. VI.
It varies, fometimes without petals, and fometimes
with a fifth part added to the whole frudifica-
tion.

€re5fa 2. S. caule ereflo fubunifloro. Syji. Nat. p. 131. Sp,
pi. 185. (Raj.fyn. p. 348. t. 15./. 4. Vail. Paris,
t. 3./. 2. Pet. herb. t. S9' f- 9- ^^ie.)
Little Upright Stichwort. Anglis.
In paftures of a gravelly foil. Dr. Parfons, O. V.

CLASSIS

126 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

C L A S S I S V.

1

PENTANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores monopetali, inferi, tetrafpermi. Afperifolise.
ECHIUM, Cor. fauce nuda, irregularis ! campa-

nulata.
PULMONARIA. Cor, fauce nuda, infundibuli-

formis ; Cd. prifmaticus.
LITHGSPERMUM. Cor. fauce nuda, infundibu-

liformis. CaL quinquepartitus.
SYMPBYTUM. Cor. fauce dentata, ventricofa,
LYCOPSIS. Cor, fauce fornicata, infundibuliform.

tube curvato.
ASPERUGO. Cor. fauce fornicata, infundibulif.

Fni8us comprefTus.
CYNOGLOSSUM, Cor, fauce fornicata, infun-
dibulif, ^chi. deprelf^, latere amxa,
ANCHUSA. Zor^ fauce fornicaia, infundibulif.

tubo bafi prilmatko.
MYOSCTIS. Cor. fauce fornicata, hypocrateri-

form, lobis emarginatis.

* Flores monopetali, inferi, an^ioffermi.
ANAGALLIS. Caps, i-locularis, circumfciiTa.
Cor. rotata. Si/^m. capitatum.

LYSIMACHIA.

I

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 127

LYSIMACHIA. Caps, i-locularis, lo-valvis. Cor,

rotata. Stigma obtufum.
PRIMULA, Caps, i-locularis. Cor. infundibuli-

formis, fauce pervia, Stigm, globofum.

MENYANTHES. Ccf J. i-locularis. Cor. vlUofa!

Stigma bifidum.
CONVOLVULUS, Caps, bilocularis, 2-rperma,

Or, campanulata. Stigm. bifidum,
HYOSCYAMUS. Caps, bilocularis, operculata!

Cor. infundibulif. Stigm. capitatum.
VERBASCUM. Caps, bilocularis.' Cor. rotata.

Stigma obtufum. Stam declinata.
AZALEA. Caps. 5. locularis. Cor. campanulata.

Stigma obtufum.
VINCA. Folliculi duo eredi. Cor. hypocraterifor-

mis. Sem. fimplicia.
SOLANUM Bacca bilocularis. Anthera; biper-

foratse !
ATROPA. Bacca bilocularis. Stam. diftantia, in-

curvata,

* Flores monopetali^ fuperi.

SAMOLUS. Caps, i -locularis apice 5-vaIvis. Cor.

hypocrater. Stigma capitatum.
CAMPANULA. Caps. 3-s. 5-locularis perforata.

Cor. campanulata Stigjna trifidum.
LONICERA. Bacca bilocularis fubrotunda. Cor.

in^qualis. Stigm. capitatum.

' -^ Flores

I2g PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

y

* Flores pentapetali^ infer! .
EVONYMUS. Bacca capfularis, lobata. Cal pa^

tens. Sem. baccato-arillata.

* Flares peniapeiali, fupe'ri.
RIBES. Bacca polyfperma. Cd. corollifer. Stylus

bifidns.
HEDERA. Bacca 5-fperma. C/?/. cingens fruflum.

Stigma fimplex.

* Flores incompleti^ inferi,
GLAUX. Caps. 5 fperma 5-valvis. Cdl. fimplex,

rudior, campanulatus.

* Polygonum amphibium.

D I G Y N I A.

* Flores monopetali^ inferi.
GENTIAN A. Cai^s. i-locularis, btvalvis. Cor.

tubulofa, indetcrminata.

'^ Flores incompleti,
SALSOLA. Sem. i. cochleatum, teflum. Cal. 5-

phyllus.
CHENOPODIUM. Sem. i. orbiculare. Cal. 5-

phyllus, foliolis concavis.
BETA. Sem. i. reniforme. Cal. 5-phyllus, bafi

femen fovens.
ULMUS. Bacca 'exfucca, comprefla. Cal. i-phyllus,

emarcefcens.

* Flores

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 129

* Flares pentapetali, Juperi^ difperm'u Umbellatas.

A. Involucro univerfali partialiq \
ERYNGiUM. Flores capitati. Rcctptac. palea-
ceum.

HYDROCOTTLE, Flor. fubumbellati, fertiles.

Sem, comprefTa.
SANICULA. hlor, fubumbellati, aborcivi. Sm.

muricata,

HERACLEUM. Flor. radiati-, abortivi. Involu-

crum deciduum. 6"^?;^. membranacea.
OENANTHE. Flor. radiati, abortivi radio. hivoL

fimplex. Se',n, coronata, fcffilia.
CAUCALIS. Flor. radiati, abortivi. hir:oha\ finn-

plex. Sem. muricata.
DAUCUS. Flores radiati, abortivi. hivol. pinna-
turn, ^em. nifpida.
TORDYLIUM. Flor. radiati, l^rtiles. Invol. fim^

plex. S>era. margine crenata.
CONIUM- Flor. floiculofi, fertlles. Vet. cordata.

Sem. gibba, coilato-llilcata. Jnvolucdla dimidiata.
BUNIUM. Flor. fiofcul. fertiles. Vet, cordata. In-

volucella letacea.
ATHAMANTA. Flor. flofcul. fertiies. Pet. cor»

data. Sem. convexa, ftriata,
STUM. Flor. fiolcLil. fcriiles. Fei. cordata. Sein.

fubovata, ftriata.
CRITHMUM. Flor. flofcul. fe; riles. Pet. planiuf-

nila. Involucrmn horizontale,

K LIGITSTICUKi

i^o PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

LIGUSTICUM. Flor. aofculos. fertiles. Fet, in-

voluta. IfivQl. membranacea.
ANGELICA. F!or. fioiculos. fertiles. ?et. plani-

iifcula. UmhelluLe globofic.
SISON. Flor. fiofcul. fertiles. ?H, planiufcula.
Umbel, depauperata.

B. Involucris 'partialihus \ univerfali nullo.
^THUSA. Flor. fubradiati fertiles. Irrjolucella

dimidiata.
SCANDIX. Fh\ radiati abortivi. Fru cr us oh\ong\.
CH^ROPHYLLUM. Flor. flofcul. abortivi. In-

vol. 5-phylla.
PHELLANDRIUM. Flor. flofcul. fertiles. Frucfus

coronati.
IMPERATORIA. Flor. flolculofi fertiles. Umbel.

expanfo-plana.
CICUTA. Flor. flofculofi, fertiles. Pet. planiuf-
cula.
C. hivclucro mllo •, nee univerfali, nee partialibus.
SMYRNIUM. Flor. flofculi abortivi. Ser,i. reni-

formia angulata.
CARUM. Ficr. flofcul. abortivi. Sent, gibba, ftriata.
i^^^GOFODlUM. Flcr. flofcul. fertiles. tern, gibba,

ilriata. Fet. cordata.
APIUM. Flor. fiofculos. fertiles. Sera, minuta,

fcriata. Pet. inflcxa.
PIMPINELLA. Flor. flofculos. fertiles. {UmhelU
4inte fiCVTScentia^n nutantes) Pet. cordara.

TRIGYNIA.

PENTANDRtA DIGYNIA. 131

t R I G Y N I A.

* Flores Juperi.
VIBURNUM. Cor. 5-fida. Bacca i-fperma.
SAMBUCUS. Cor. s-Hda. Bacca 3-fperma.

* Flores mferi.

ALSINE. Cor. 5-petala. Caps, i-locularis. Cal.
5-phyllus. p'ci. bifida.

T E T R A G Y N I A.
PARNASSIA. Cor. 5-petaia. Caps. 4-valvis. Nee-
lar, 5, ciliato-glandulofa.

PENTAGYNIA.
LINUM. Cor. 5-petala. Caps. lo-locularls, 2-

fperma.
DROSERA. Cor. 5-petala. Caps, i-locularis. apice

dehifceris.
SlBBALDIA. Cor. 5-petala. Sem. 5. Cal. ic-

fidus.
STATICK. Cor. 5-partita. Sem. i, calycc infan-

dibulifdrmi veftititm.

P O L Y G Y N I A.
MYOSURUS. Cal. 5-phyllus. Ne^ar. 5, lingulati.
Senh numerofa.

Ranunculus hederaceus.

K 2 MONOGYNIA.

132 PENTANDRIA MONOGYMA.

M O N O G Y N I A. *

MYOSOTIS. Gen.pL i8o.
Cor. hypocrateriformis, 5-fida, emarginiita -, fauce
claufa fornicibus.
fcorpoides MYOSOTIS leminibus nudis, foliomm apicibus
^' callofis. ^f.plxU. (Ger,Em 2>Zl'f'A'Mori^.

hift. Ox. f. II. t. "^i. f' I. crdine fecundo. & ejus
van latioribus foiiis Raj. Syn p. 229 /. 9./, 2.
& altera varietas palujiris foiiis glabris. Ger. Em.
■ 33^./- 3. Moris, hijf.f. 11. L ^i-f. 4. or dine fe-
cundo. )
Moule ear Scorpion-Grafs. Jnglis.
The hairy kind is frequent in dry corn fields ; and
a leffer variety, with fmall yellow flowers, I ob-
ferv'd upon walls near DrumUwrig. 1 he fmooth-
leav'd marfh kind is common on the fides of ri-
vulets and lakes. %. V-VIII.

LITFIOSPERMUM. Gen.pL 181.
Ccr. infundibuliformis, fauce perforata, nuda.
Cell. 5-partitus.
officinale i. LITHOSPERMUM feminibus la;vibus, corollis
ViX calycem fuperantibus, foiiis lanceolatis. .^p.
pi. 189. {Morijf. hijl. f. 11. t. ^i. f. i. crdine
prime. Ger. Em 609./. 2.)
Gr-jHi'dl, Gromweil, or Graymill. /Inglis.
In waile uncultivated places, as ncr^r the monaflery
of Eeaul'i'cu, at luvernefs., and under the Weft
fide of Salijhury-Craigs, and at Rcjlin. Dr. Par-
Jons. 1;. VI.

arvenje

PEN'IANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 133

I., feniinibus rugoiis, corolla vix caiyceni luperan-

tibus. op. pi. 190. {ped. Dan. t. 436. opt. Ger.

hm. 610./. 4.)
Baflard Alkanet. Ju^h's.

In corn fields not uncommon. Dr. Parfons. O. VI.
Lifirheiis informs ns that the country girls in Sweden

paint their faces wicii the roots.

ANCHUSA. Gen. Pi. 1H2.
Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce claula fornicibus.

Sem. bafi infculpta.
AKCHUSA pedunculis diphyllis capitatis. Sp.pl.

J92. (Moris, hijl. Oy..f. XI. /. 16. f. 2.)
Hvergrcen Alkanet. Anglis.
In the Glen at £);/«^/^yj. \}x. Parfons. i^.V. VI.

CYNOGLOSSUM. Gen. pi 183.
Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce claufa fornicibus. Se-

)iuna deprefla, interiore tantum latere Stylo affixa.
CYNOGLOSSUM ftaminibus corolla brevioribus,
foliis lato-lanceolatis tomentofis feflilibus. Sp. -pi
192. {Ger. Em. 804./. i. Moris. hiJl. J. 11. t. 30.

f.i.)

Hound's-Tano;ue. AnzHs,

In wafte places near towns and villages, as about
Burntijland and Kinghorn., and at the foot of the
hill of Kinnoul, near Perth, &c. S . VI. VII.

No quadruped except the goat will eat it.

PULMONARIA. Gen. pi. 184.
Cor. infundibuliformis fauce pervia. Cal. prifma-
tico-pentagonus.

K

maritiwa

1^4 PENTAlSiDRIA MONOGYNIA.

mritma u PULMONARIA calycibus abbreviatis, foliis ova-
tis, cauleriiirjofoprocumbente. 6|/>.^/. 195. {OeJ.
Dan. t. 25. Dilk'ri. Hojt. Eltham. t. (^S-f- IS-
i^eiie. Moris, hijl. f. I'l. /. 2,8. /. 12, crdine fe-
cundo.) 'Tmir Sc\<ih 17701 fi&. tab.

Sea Buglofs. An^Us.

Upon the lea coaft not iinfrequent, growing out of
ftoiny beaches wliich feem incapable of affording
Ji-^^ /?^/ y^T-. vegetation J as on the coafl of Fife, near St.
- ^ Andrew'^, &c. in the ifle of Bute., upon a fandy
(hore, in Arraii at Loch-Ranfa., and at 'Lamlajjo,
at Icolumb-kiil^ and at Glen-Elg., in Invemefs-
fioire, &CC. 1;. VII. VIII.

|t is one of the mod beautiful indigenous plants
of Great-Brilaifi. Its undulated glaucous leaves
contrafted with red and blue flowers, are ex-
tremely ornamental to the barren fliores where it
grows, and readily dilcovcr the plant to any cu-
rious obferver.

SYMPHYTUM. Gen, PL j^Ss-
Cor. lirnbus tubulato-ventricofus j fauce clau(a
radiis fubulatis.
oficinale i. SYMPHYTUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis decurren-
tibus. Sp, ;pl. 195. {Ger. Em. 806./. i. Moris,
hijf.f. II. t 29./. I. ordinefuperiare.)
Comfrey. ylnglis.

]^y the fides of rivers and ditches, as on tlie bariks
of the water of Lcith, oppofite St. Bernard's-
IVell., and in Cqrjton woods, &c. Dr. Parfons.
It.V.

It

i

PENl'ANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 1^5

It varies with purple or yellow flowers, with thick
branched roots, and fometimes with tuberous or
knobbed ones.

ASPERUGO, Gen. PL 189.

Ceil, fruiflus coinprelTus •, lamellis piano parallelis.
finuatis.

ASPERUGO calycibus frudlus compreflls. Sp. pi.
198. {Ger. Em. 1122. /. 2. Mcrijt. hijl.f. 11, t.
26. f. 13.}

Small Wild Buglofs, or German Madwort. j4nglis.

In wade places, but not common. By the church
at Bmihar. Dr. Par Jons. O. V.

The leaves are oval and alternate at the bafe, but
two or four together at the top, and fo rouo-h
that they adhere to the cloaths more readily
than Goofe-grafs : the flowers are violet- colored,
and fcarcely larger than the calyx.

LYCOPSIS. Gen, PI. 190.
Corolla tubo incurvato.
':nf!s I. LYCOPSIS foliis lanceolatis hiipidis, calycibus
florclcent.bus ereclis. Sp. pi. 199. (Oed. Dan. /.
435. cpt. Moris, hijf.f. 11. /. 26./. K.GtT. Enu

199' f- 3v^
Small Wild Buglofs. An^iis.
In cornfields common. O. VII.
The plant is covered all over with bulbous- hairs.

ECHIUM. Gen. pi 191.
Cor, irregularis, fauce nuda

vulgare

136 PENTANDRIA MONOGVNrA.

mIgaH I. ECHIUM caule tuberciilato-hifpido, follis caul'inis
lanceolatis hifpidis, floribiis fpicatis lateralibus.
Sp. pL 200. (Ocd. Dan. t. 445. opt. Ger. Em, >
802./. 2.) I

Vipers-Buglols. Anglis.

In corn-fitlds and by way-iides not unfrequent, as
about Kirkcaldy and Kingborn, and at Charles-
Town., Lord Elgin's lime-works, and under Ar-
thur's-Seat, &c. $ . VII. VIII. '

About Mellrofs-Ahhe)\ and ibme other places, I
obferv'd what I apprehend to be only a variety
of this ; it diners chieSy in having the branches,
more divaricated, and the ftamina nearly twice
as long as the flower. Perhaps this is the Echium,
anglictfm Hudf. Fi. Ang. p. 70.

PPvlMULA. Gen. PL 197.
Involuerum umbelluht. CorolLe tubus cylindricus,
ore patulo.
<vms I. PKIMULA foliis dentatis rugofis. Sp. pi. 204.

1. var. a. officinalis. {Oed. Dan. t. 433. Gcr. Em.
780./ I.)

2. var. |3. elatior. (Oed Dan. t. 434. Ger.'Em. 780.

/.2J

3. var. y. acaulis. (Oed. Dan, t. 194. Ger. Em. 781.

/. 5-;

a. Cowflips. (3. Oxlips. y. Primrofe. JngJis. So-

grach. Gaulis.
In meadows, paitures and woods frequent. %.\.
The fegmcnts of the flowers within, near the bafe,

are mark'd with red or faffron-color'd fpots,

which

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

which our poet Sbakefpeare prettily fiippoies to
be the gifts of the fairy-queen/, and to be the
Icurce of their fwcet odors. He thus introduces
a fairy fpeaking :

And I fcrve the fairy-queen.

To dew her orbs upon the green j

The cowHips tall her penlioners be,

in their gold coats fpots you fee ;

Thofe be rubies, Fairy favours,

In thofe freckles live their favours :

I muft go feek fome dew-drops here and tJierc,

And hang a pe?rl in every cowflip's ear.

Midjmmner Night's Dream ^ AB 2, Sc. i.

far'wofa 2. PRIMULA foliis crenatis gkbris, florum limbo
piano. Sp. pi. 205. (Oed. Van. t. 125. opt. Gcr.
Em. 703./. I. 2. Moris, hijl. f. 5. /. 24./. -.)

Bird's-Eye. Anglis.

\n wet mountainous pailures, but not very com-
mon. 1;. VI.

The leaves and calyces are cover'd witii a mealinefs
like our garden auricula : the flowers are of a
bright red. It is a very elegant little plant, and
worthy of a place in the iiower garden.

MENYANTHES. Gen. PL 202.
Corolla KixfiltcL. Stigma bifidum. Caps, i-locularis.
tvifoliata i. MENYANTHES foliis ternatis. Sp.pl 208. (Mo-
ris, hiji.f. 15. /. 2. /. prima ad f.nifiram or dine
fecundo. Ger. Em. 1 194. ahfn ; forihus.)

Marfh Trefoil or Bog -bean. Anglis.

In

13^ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

In marflies and lakes frequent. V- . V. VI.

An tri-bhileach, lui'-nan-tri-beann. G'aulis.

The flowers of this plant are fo extremely beantl-
iul, that nothing but its native foil could exclude
it from a place in every garden. They grow irt
an elegant fpike ; are white^ dafn'd with pink,
and fring'd internally with hairs.

LYSIMACHIA. Gen. PL 205.
Cor. rotata. Caps, globofa, mucronata, 10-valvis.
*■ Pedunculis multifioris.
ijulgiiris I. LYSIMACHIA paniculata, racemis terminalibus.
Sp. pi. 209. (Ger. Em. 474./. 1.)
Yellow Willow-herb, or Loofeftrife. AngUs.
On the fides of rivers and lakes, but not very com-
mon. I obferv'd it by the fides of lochs in the
ifland of M////, &c. "U. VII.

** reduncuUs unifloris.

ny>norum 2. L- foliis ovatis acntir., floribus folitariis, cavile pro-
cumbente. Sp. pi. 211. (Oed. Dan. t. ly^. opt.
Moris, hijf.f. f,. /. 26. /. 5. ordine fecundo. Ger.
£?;?. 618./. 4.)

Yellow Pimpernell of the Woods. Jjiglis.

In woods and ihady places frequent. %. VI.

nuwmularia L. foliis fubcordatis, floribus folitariis, caule re-

3. pente. Sp. pi. 211. (Oed. Dan. t. 493. opt. Moris.

hifi. f. 5. t. i(>.f. \ . ordine primo, Ger. Em. 630,

Moneywort. JngJis.

In

EENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 139

In low wet meadows by the Tides of ditches, but
not coQimon. %. VI.

ANAGALLIS. Gen. PI. 206.
Cor. rotata. Cc-.ps. crcunifciffa.
crvenfis i. ANAGALLIS foliis indivifis, caule procnmbente.
^p.pl. 211. {Oed. Dan. 88. opt. Moris, hijt.f. 5.
/. 26./. I e? 2. ordine fecundc. Ger. -Em. 6];./.
1 ^ 1.)
Common Pimpernel. AngUs.
In corn-fields common. O. V-VIII.
It varies with fcarlet and blue Bowers, which open
at eight o'clock in the morning, and cloie about
noon. Small birds are very fond of the feeds bf
this plant.

te'tulla 2. ANAGALLIS foliis ovatis acutiufculis, caule re-
pente. vld. Lin. Mantilf. p. 335. Lylimachia
tenella. Sp. pi 211. {Moris. Hjl.f. 5./. 26 /. 2.
ordine primo. Ger. Em. 630./. 3.)

Creeping Pimpernel, or Purple Moneywort. Auglis.

In bogs not wncommon. "U-. VII. VIII.

The filaments are hairy, and the capfule fplits ho-
rizontally into two hemifpheres ; it therefore pro-
perly belongs to this genus.

AZALEA. Gen. PL 212.
Cur. campanulata. Sl^iri. receptaculo inferta. Caps.
5-iocularis.
procimhens AZALEA ramis diifufo-procumbentibus. Sp. pL
^' 215. (Oed. Dan. t. 9. Fior. hap. t. 6. f. 2.)

Trailing Thyme ieav'd Azalea. A>tglis.

Upon

140 PENTANDxRIA MONOGYNIA.

Upon dry barren ground near the fummits of the
highland mountains in many places, as on Ben-
mor^ in Breadalhane^ Ben-Croachan^ in Argyle-
fiire, Ben-na Scree^ and other high, mountains
about Loch-Urn in Invernefs-Jhire., and fparingly
upon Ben-Lcmond, &c.

The floweis are of a bright red color, h . VI.

CONVOLVULUS. Gen. PI: 215.
Cor campanulata, plicata. Sligm. 2. Caps, bilocu-
laris, loculis difpcrmis.
* Cauk zwlnhili.
cirvcnf^s I. CONVOLVULUS foliis fagittatis utrinq •, acutis,
pedunculis fubunifloris. ^p. pL 218. (O.ed. Dan.
t. 459. cpt. Mot. hiji. f. i- /. 3./. 9. Ger. Em.
S61./. 2.;
Small Bindv^eed. y^nglis.
In corn-helds frequent. "U . VII.

fepium 1. C. foliis fagittatis poflice truncatis, pedunculis tetra*
gonis unifloris. Sp. pi. 218. (Oed. Dan. 458. opt.
Moris. hiJLf. i. L 3./. 6. Ger. Em. S61. i.)

Great Bindweed. Anglis.

In wet hedges, but not common : obferv'd by Dr.
Parfons near Dumbarton.

"** Caule protrato,

/v

foIdaneHa 3 CONVOLVULUS foliis reniformibus pedunculis
unifloris. Sp. pi. 226. {Moris, hijl.f. i, /, 3. f,
2 Ger. Em. 838./. i.)
Sea Bindweed. Scottiih Scurvy-Grafs.. AngHs.

On

PENTANDRJA MONOGYNIA. 141

On the fea fhorcs in fandy places frequent, as on
the Weftern coaft of Cantire^ between Macbria-
nifh and Bat^ and in the iflaiid of Oranfa plenti-
fully, &c. Sibhald fays it grows near the £/j.

CAMPANULA. Gen. PL 218.
Cor. campanulata fundo claufo valvis ftaminiferis.
Stigma trifidum. Caps, infera, poris lateralibus
dehifcens.

* Foliis Icevioribus angujiiorihus.

rotundifolia CAMPANULA foliis radicalibus reniformibus,

'• caulinis linearibus. Sp. pi. 232. {Oed. Dan. t.

189. Ger. Em. 452./. 3. Moris, hiji. J. 5. /. 2.

/. '7')
Round-leav'd Bell-flower. Anglis.
Curachd-na-cu'aig. Gaulis.
In dry mountainous paftures frequent, %. VIIL
Upon the hill of Moncrief, near Perth^ I obferv'd

a variety about two Inches high, bearing a fincrle

flower, and having numerous linear leaves on

the flalk.

** Foliis Jcahris latiorihus.

latifolia 2. C. foliis ovato-lanceolatis, caule fimpliciflimo te-
reti, floribus folitariis pedunculatis, fru6libus
cernuis. Sp pi. 233. (Oed Ban. t. 85. cptime,
Ger. Em. 448./. 3. Moris, hifi / 5 /. 3-^/. 27.)
Giant Throatwort. AnzUs.

By the fides of rivulets at the foot of mountains,
in fliady places, not unfrequent ; as at Cartland-
Rocks^ near Lanerk, at Taymctith-Hermitage^ and

bv

t42 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

by the fide of the beautiful cafcades at Monefs;
x\t2x Taymouth^ &c. %.W\.
The leaves are ferrated, and of an oval-lanceolqte
form : the calyces fmooth.

trachelium CAMPANULA caule angulato, foliis pctiolatis,

3- calycibus ciliatis, pediinculis trifidis. Sp. pi. 235.

{Ger. Em. 448./. i. Moris, hijf.f. 5. /. 3./. 2 8. J

Nettle-leav'd Throatworr, or Canterbury-Bells.

yhiglis.
In the fame kind of places as the preceding, but

not common. Dr, Parfons. %. Vll.
The leaves are nearly heart- Ihap'd, and indented
on the edges.

gkmcrata^ C. caule angulato fimplici, floribus felTilibus, capi-
tulo terminal!. Sp. -pL 235. {Ger. Em, 449./. 4.
Moris, hijf.f. 5. /. 4./. 43.)

Cluftered Throatwort, or fmall Canterbury-Bells.
Anglis.

In dry mountainous pallures, but not very com-
mon. 1;. VII.

SAMOLUS. Gen. PL 222.
Cor. hypocrateriformis. Stamiiia munita fquamulis
corolla Caps, i-locularis, infcra.
valerat^dii SAMOLUS. Sp.pl. 243. {Ocd. Dan. t. 198. tpt,
Ger. Em. 620../. 3.)
Round-leav'd Water Pimpernel, ylngiis.
In marfhy places, but not very frequent. I obferv'd
it in the ifland of Gighay &c. % . VII.

LONICERA.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 14^

LONICERA. Gen. PL 235.
Ccr, monopetala, irregularis, Bacca polyfpermaj
2-locularis, infera.
perichme- LONICERA capitulis ovatis imbricatis terminali-
num I. bus, foliis omnibus diftindis. Sp. pi. 247. {per.

Em. 891./. I.)
Common Honeyiuckle^ or Woodbine. Anglis.
An iadh-fhlait. Gatdis.

In woods and hedges, as in Coryton woods, &c»
h . VIL

VERBASCUM. Gen. PI. 245.
Cor. rotata, fubinasqualis. Caps, bilocularis, 2-valvTis,
tb^pfiis I. VERBASCUM foliis decurrentibus utrinque to-
mentofis, caule flmplici. Sp. pi. 252. (Ger. Em,

Great Woolly Mullein, Hag-taper, or Cow's-

Lungwort. Anglis.
In dry fandy foils, between North and South Weems^

on the coafl of Fife^ &c. $ . VII.

hchnitis 2. V. foliis cuneiformi-oblongis. ^f pi. ISZ- i^^^- ■^^«

775- /• 3-)
White-fiower'd Mullein, Anghs.
In the Bnck-JValk at Sterling, call'd Edmo'djion' s-

Walk. $ . Vil.
It was out of flower when I found it ; but fhould

the flowers be of a pale yellow, it is then the

z-ar.2oi Hudf. FL Ang.p.'^S.

HYOSCIAMUS.

144 PENT ANURIA MDNOGYNIA.

HYOSCYAMUS. Gen. PL 247.
Cor. infundibuliformis obtula. Stamina incliriata.
Caps, operculata, 2-loculans.
niger i. HYOSCYAMUS foliis -amplexicaulibus finuatls,
floribus kfTilibus. Sp. -pL 257. {Gcr. Em. t. ^^2-

f. I.;

Common Henbane. AnvUs.

o

In wafte places near towns and villages. G. VI.

The whole plant is cover'd with unftuous foetid

hairs : the flowers are yellow, reticulated with

violet-color'd veins. The root, leaves and feed

are a moft powerful narcotic : a few of the feed.s

^ have been knoU-n to deprive a man of his reafon

U/^- ^^ //(^ and limbs.

ATROPA. Gen. PI. 249.
Cor. campanulata. Sta?}i. 'diftantia. Bacca globofa,
2-locularis.
hlladonna ATROPA caule herbaceo, foliis ovatis integris.
'• Sp. pL 260. {Miller, ic. 62. bens. Ger. Em. 34.0.

Moris, hift.f. 13. /. 3,/. 4.)
Deadly Nightfliade. Anglis.
In the King's park at Slerling, and at TcohimhkiU.

The berries of this plant are of a malignant poi-
fonous nature, and, being of a fwect tafte, ha^
frequently been deftru6^ive to children. A large
glafs of warm vinegar, taken as foon as pollibie
after eating tlie berries, will prevent their bad
effefts.

SOLAN UM:

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 145

SOLANUM. Gen. PL 251.
Cor. rotata. Antherce fubcoalit^, apice poro gemino
dehifcentes. Bacca 2-locularis.
dulcamara \ SOLANUM caule inermi frutefcente flexuofo,
foliis fuperioribus haflatis, racemis cyniofis. Sp^
pL 264. (Ger. Em. 350.)
Woody Nightfhade, or Bitter-fvveet. Anglis.
In moift hedges, but not common. At that end of
Dalkeith neareft to Edinburgh, Dr. Farfons, U .
VIL

nigrum 2. SOLANUM caule inermi herbaceo, foliis ovatis

dentato-angulatis, umbellis nutantibus. Sp. pi.

266. Oed. Ban. t. 460. opt. Ger. Em. 339./. X..

Moris, hijl.f. 13. /. i. /. i. ordine primo.)
Garden or Common Nightfhade. Angtis.
-In wafte places near towns and villages frequent.

O. VII. & VIII.

EUONYMUS. Gen. PL 271.
Cor. 5-petala. Caps. 5-gona, 5-locularis, 5-valvis,
colorata. Sein. calyptrata.

'nropmts i. EUONYMUS floribus plerifque quadrifidis, foliis
feffilibus. .S^. pL 286. £f? Mantifs. 342. {Ger. Em.
1468./. I.)

Spindle-Tree or Prickwood.

In woods and hedges^ in many places according to
SihhaJd, but I found it not myfelf, h . V.

L RIBES/

146 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

RIBES. Gen. Pi 281.
Petala quinque & ftamina calyci inferta. Stylus bi-

fidus. Bacca polyfperma, infera.
RIBES inerme racemis glabris pendulis, floribus
planiulculis. Sp.pl. 2^0. {Ger. Em. 15^)3./. i.)
Red Currants. Anglis.

In the ifland of IJla^ amongfl the brufh-wood on
the bank of the Sound, h . V.

rubrum i.

alpinum 2. R. inerme, racemis ereftis •, bra6leis flore longiori-
bus. Sp. pL 291. (Figura 7ion exjlat.)
Sweet Mountain Currants. Anglis.
In v/oods and out of the fiffures of rocks. Dr. Par-
fens. T? . V.

nigrum 3. RIBES inerme, racemis pilofis floribus oblongis.

• Sp. pi. 2gi. {Figuram non invenio.) ^

Black Currants or Squinancy- Berries. Anglis. .1

In the wood on the bank of the Sound of IJla, to-
gether with the Red-Currants, h . V.

HEDERA. Gen. PL 283.
Petala 5-oblonga. Bacca 5-fperma, calyce cindta.
helix I. KEDERA foliis ovatis lobatifque. Sp. i>l, 29-2^

(Ger. Em. ?>5'].f. i. ^2,)
Ivy. y'higlis. Eidhionn-na-craige, Gaulis.
Upon rocks and trunks of trees. ^. X.

GLAUX. Gen. PL 291.

Cal. i-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Caps, i-locularis, 5-

valvis, 5-fperma,

GLAUX.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 147

maritima l GLAUX. Sp, pi 301. {Ger, Em. 562. Loef. Frujf.
p. 13. /. 3. melior.)
Sea Milkwort, or Black Saltwort. Anglis.
Upon the fea fhores frequently, both of the con-
tinent and Weilern illes. %. VII.

VINCA. Gen. Pi. 295.
Contorta, FoUiculi 2, erefli. Seniina nuda.
iriinor i. VINCA caulibus procumbentibus, foliis lanceola-
toovatis, fioribiis pedunculatis, Sp. pi. 304.
{Ger. Em. 894./. i.)
The Lefler-Periwinckle. Anglis.
In Coryton woods. Dr. Parfons, %. V.

DIGYNIA.

CHENOPODIUM. Gejj. PL 309.
Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonu3. Ccr. o. Sem. i, lenticii-
lare, luperum.
* Foliis angulofis.
hcnus hen- CHENOPODIUM foliis triangulari-fagittatis in-
ricus I. tegerrimis, fpicis compofitis aphyllis axillaribus.
Sp. pJ. 31.8. {Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 30./. i. ad dex-
tram ordine fecundo. Ger. Em. 329. Petiv. herb. t.

^■f^^.)

Engliih Mercury, Wild Spin age, or Allgood,

Anglis.
In wafte places and by way-fides frequent, -y.

VIII.
The young leaves in the Spring are often eaten as

greens, and are very good tailed.

L 2 nrhicum-

2.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
C. foliis triangularibus fiibdentatis, racemis con-

fertis ftridiffimis. Sp. pL 318. (Buxk Hallens. 69.

/. I. Pet. herb. t. 8./. 8. male.)
Upright Goofefoot. AngJis.
In vvafte places, and under walls in towns and

villages.

Sibbald. O. VIIL

C, foliis cordato-triangularibus obtufiufculis den-
tatis, racemis eredis compofitis fubfoliofis caule
brevioribus. Sp. pL 318. (Ger. Em. 328./. 2.
Bakchamp. hiji. 542. /. 542.)

Sharp-leav'd Goofefoot. Angiis.

On dunghills and under walls in towns and villages.
Sibbald. O. VIII.

The fhalks fpread on the ground : the leaves are
thick and Iliining, and turn red before they die :
the ipikes confift of fefllle cluflers of flowers,
intermix'd with linear leaves.

CHENOPODIUM foliis ovatis nitidis dentatis
acutis, racemis ramofis nudis. Sp. pi. 3 1 8. (Ger.
Em. 32s. f. I. Pel. herb. t. 8./. 5.)

Common Goofefoot, or Sowbane. Angiis.

In wafle places and under walls. Sibbald. ©• VIII.

The leaves are more fharply indented than in the
CHE, rtibrum, and the flowers grow in branch-
ing cluflers, or Corymbi., and not in fpikes.

foliis rhomboideo-triangularibus

erofis poftice
integris, fummis oblongis, racemis eredlis. Sp.
pi 319. (Pet. herb. t.'6. f. 2.)
Common White or Frofl-Blite.

Angiis.

In

PENTANDRIA DIGYNTA. 149

In corn fields and gardens very common. O. VII.

The fpikes grow erect, with thick, oval, fcfTile
farinaceous clufters of flowers : the leaves wither
away early in the Autumn, the ftalk and ipilies
remaining. In Ifla I obferv'd the people boU'd
and eat it as greens.

C. folils rhomboideis dentato-fmuatis, racemis ra-
mofis fubfoliatis, Sp. pi. 319. (Vail. Paris, t. 7.
/. I. Pet. herb.t. 8./. 4.J

Green Elite. Anglis.

It grows as a common weed in almoft every gar-
den. O. VII.

The ftalk is green, and much branched, with red
angles at the bale of the ramifications : the up-
per leaves are nearly entire, or at moft have not
above one or two dents. This is eaten as well
as the preceding.

CHENOPODIUM foliis cordatis angulato acumi-
natis, racemis ramofis nudis. Sp. pL 319. (Vail.
Paris, t. 7./. 2. Pet, herb. t. 8./. 7.;

Maple-leav'd Elite. Anglis.

In gardens and wafte places, but not common. O.
VIII.

** Foliis integris.

C. foliis integerrimis rhomboideo-ovatis, floribus
conglomeratis axillaribus. Sp. pi. 321. {Ger. Em.
327. Pet. herb^ t. 7./. 11. Motis.hijl.f. 5. /, 31.
/.6.)

Stinking Elite. Anglis.

L 3 m

150 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

In wafte places, and under walls in or near towns,
but not common. Sihbald. O. VIII.

It grows flat on the ground, and may readily be
known by it's (Irong difagreeable fmell of de-
cay'd falt-fifli.

pclyfper- q fQ\[[<^ integerrimis ovatis, caule decumbente,
mtiin^. cymis dichotomis aphyilis axillaribus. Sp. pi.

321. {Ger. Em. r-S- f- 3- ^o"'^^- ^#-/ 5- t- 3°-
/. 6. or dine infer lore.')
Oval-leav'd Elite or Allfeed. AngUs.
This plant often grows eredl, as well as reclininlng :
the leaves have frequently a reddifh call. It is
faid that fifh are fond of it.

■maritimum C. foliis fubuiatis femicylindricis. Sp. pi. 321. {Oed.
10- Dan, t, 489. opt. Pet. herb. t. 9./ i.)

Sea Elite or White-GlalTwort. Anglis.
I found it on the fea coaft in many places, as on
the fhore near M'Kennon'^ caftle, in the ifle. of
Skie, and at Glen-beg^ on the continent oppofite,
• ^nd^iLoch-Eroojn^ m RoJs-JJjire, ike. G.VIII.

BETA. Gen. PL 310.
Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. o. Sem. reniforme, intra fub-
ftantiam bafeos calycis.
maritima i. BETA caulibus decumbencibus, floribus geminis,
Sp. pL 322. i^ Syjf. Nat. 195. (Figuram non in-
venio, fed.f. 2. Ger. Em. ^iS. /milis eji.)
Sea Beet. Anglis.

In the hajl'c ifiand. Dr. Parfons. O. VIII.
The young leaves boil'd are wholefome and good

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 151

greens ; thole on the ftalk grow oblique or ver-
tical : the foliola of the calyx are without dent,
whereas in the B. %'uhciris there is one at the bale

o

of the carina.

SALSOLA. Gen. PL 311.

Cal. pentaphyllus. Cor. e. Caps. i4perma. Sem.

cochleatum.

kalt I. SALSOLA herbacea decumbens, foliis fubulatis

fpinofis fcabris, calycibus marginatis axiliaribus.

piftillo trifido. Sp. pi. 322. {Pet. herb. /. 9. /. 2.

Moris, hiji.f. 5./. 33-/. n. melior.)

Prickly Glaffwort. Anglis,

Upon the fea coaft in fandy places frequent, as on
Leith fands, &c, O. VIL

The alhes of this plant abound with alkaline falts.
One fpecies of the genus (the S. foda) is much
ufecL upon the coafts of the Mediterranean in
maSing pot-afli, foap and glafs. The term al-
kali originially took its rile from the falts ex-
tradled from the allies of this laft-mentioned
herb, which was called by the Arabic cliymiils
and phyficians, KALI.

ULMUS. Gen. PI. 316.
Cai. 5-fidus. Cor. nulla. Bacca exlucca, comprelTo-
membranacea.
campeftris i ULMUS foliis dupllcato-ferratis, bafi inajqualibus.
Sp.pl. '^i-j. (Ger. Em. 1478./. i-)
The Common or Englifh Elm. yinglis.
An-leamhan. Gaulis.

In

centaurium
1.

152 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

In hedges and plantations about Edinburgh^ Sec.
but in all probability not indigenous.

The variety with a Jmooth bark and leaf, com-
monly called the Jl^ycb-Elm, {Ger. Em. 1481./.
4.) is much more common in Scotland. I ob-
ferv'd it growing wild in the woods as far North
as Rofs-/bire and Sutherland, h . IV.

GENTIAN A. Gen. PL 322.

Csr. monopetala. Caps, bivalvis, i-locularis. Re-

ceptacuJs 2, longitudinalibus.

* Corel/is qtiinquefidis infundihuliformihus.

GENTJANA coroUis quinquefidis infundibulifor-^
mibus, caule dichotomo, piilillo fimplici. Syjf,
Nat. 200. Sp.pl. 332. (Ger. Em. S'^-l-f^ ^-^

Lefler Centory. Anglis.

In dry paftures not unfrequent, efpecially near the
fea'. 0,VII.

mnarella 2. GENTIANA corollis quinquefidis hvpocraterifor'-
mibus fauce barbatis. Sp. pi. 334. (Oed. Dan.
328, opt. J
Autumnal Gentian or Fellwort. Jnglis. ,
In dry mountainous paftures, but not common.
Q. VIII.

** CorQllisquadriJidis.,

campejlris 7^ G. corollis quadrifidis fauce barbatis. Sp. pi. 334.
{Oed. Dan. t. 367. opt. Moris, hiji. f. 11. t. s-f-
9. Barrel. Icon.^'].f. 2.)
Quadrifled Bearded Gentian. Angtis.

Lus-

PENTA!s;DRIA DIGYNIA, 153

Lus-a'-chrubain. Gaulis.

In diy upland paftures, efpecially in the hishhiids

frequent, o. Vlil. IX.
It varies with purple and with white flowers.
All thefe three gentians are eilcem'd to be o-ood

ftomachic bitters, and are recommended in the

ague, and to ftrengihen the (lomach.
Linn^us informs us that the poor people in Szveden

ufe this laft fpecies inftead of hops to brew their

ale with.

*UMBELLATCE.

ERYNGIUM. Gen. PL 324.
Flores capitati. Rcceptaculo paleaceo.

ERYNGIUM follis radicalibus fubrotundis plicatis
fpinofis, capitulis pedunculatis, paleis tricufpi-
datis. ^.-pl. 337. Syft. Nat. 202. (Ger. Em. 1162.
/. T, Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 36./. 6.)

Sea Holly or Eryngo. Anglis.

On the fea coaft in fimdy places frequent, as on
the fnore near Mujfelburgh, at Dunbar^ at Large
on the cor.fl- of Fife^ at Machrianijh-Bay in Can-
tire abundandy, and in the iiland of Jona., &c.

The young tender flioots, when blanched, may be
eaten like alparagus. Liri. Fl. Suec.

HYDROCOTYLE. Gau Fl. 325.
Umhella fimplex ; Imjolucro 4-phyllo. Petala Integra.
Sem. femiorbiculato-comprelTa.
vulgaris I. HYDROCOTYLE foliis peitatis, umbellis quin-

quefloris.

154 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

quefloris. Sp. pi. 338. (Oed. Dan. 90. cpL Ger.

Em. 529./. 5, PeL berk. t. 6.f. 12.)
Marfh Pennywort or White- rot. Anglis.
Jn bogs, and on the banks of lakes frequent. "U,

VJI.

SANICULA. Gen. PL 326.

Utnhelld' confertas, fubcapitatcE. Fru^us fcaber.

Flores difci abortlentes.

euYCpica I. SANICULA fohis radicalibus fimplicibus, flofcu-

iis omnibus fefTilibns. Sp.pl. 339. (Oed. Dan, t.

283. opt. Gcr. Em. 948. Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 34.

/. I. adftnifiram in ordine inferior e.)

Sanicle. Anglis.

\^ woods frequent, as in Coryton woods, &c. %.
V. VI.

It has long been efteem'd as an aftringent and vul-
nerary, both in external and internal applica-
tions.

TORDYLIUM. Gen. PI. 330.
Cor. radiatjE, ornnes herrnaphroditse. Fru5Jtis fu-
borbiculatus, margine crenatus. Pm-oliicra longa,
indivifa.
nodofmn i. TORDYLIUM umbellis fimplicibus fefTilibus, fe-
minibus exterionbus hifpidis. Sp. pi. 346. {Ger.
Em. 1C22. /. 6. Moris, hijt.f. 9. /. 14. /. 10. Pet.
herb. t. 27./. 11.)
Knotted Pariley. Anglis.

On the borders of corn fields, and in dry floney

places.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 155

places. Sibhdd. Under the Eaft wall in the
King's park. Dr. Parfons. O. VI.

CAUCALIS. Gen. PI. 7-^1.

Cor radiate : difci mafculce. Fetala inflexo-mar-

ginata. FruBus fetis hifpidds. Involucra Integra.

mth-'ijcus I CAUCALIS umbellis confertis, foliolis ovato lan-

ceolatis pinnatifidis. TORDYLIUM anthrifcus

H^' /^/. 346. {Ger. Em. 1022./. 5. Moris, hijf.f,

9. /. 14./. 8. Pet. herb. t. ij.f. 9.)

Hedge-Pariley. Anglis.

In hedges and v/afte places. SibbaJd. $ . VIII.

As the flowers in the diik of the umbels are male,
I thought with Mr. Hudfcn and Haller it would
be more methodical to place this plant under
the genus of CAUCALIS than that of TOR-
DYLIUM, in which laft all the flowers are
hermaphrodite.

C. umbella conferta, involucre univerfali mono-
phyllo, feminibus oblongis, foliolis ovato-lance-
olatis pinnatifidis. Hudf. Fl. Ang, 98. (Rivin. t.
32. y Q^'Ti' P^^' ^^^''^b. t. i"]. f. lo.J

Small Corn Parfley. Anglis.

In corn fields. I obferv'd it in the ifland of Lif-
more., near Upper-Lorn., &c. O. VIII.

hinnaus comprehends this under the preceding
fpecies, but its diffufe and conflantly dwarfifli
growth feem to entitle it to the name of a dif-
tinft fpecies. The flowers of this are always
white, in the preceding they are generally
rcddifli.

DAUCUS.

156 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

DAUCUS Gev, PL 333.
CorolLe fubradiatx, omnes hcrinaphroditae, Fruclus
pilis hifpidus.
(arota i > Di\.UCUS feminibus hifpidis, petiolis fubtns ner-
vofis. Sp. pi. 348. {Ger. Em. 1028. Moris, hiji.
f. 9. /. 13./. 2. melior. (S Moris. Umbellif. t. 2.
/>. 31, opt. t amen fine fcUis.)
Wild Carrot or Bird's-Neft. Anglis.
In paftures and borders of fields common. ^ . VII.
The feeds are a powerful diuretic : an infufion of
them in ale or in water as a tea have been found
to give relief in the gravel. The garden carrot
differs from this only by culture.

BUNIUM. Gen. PI 335.

Corolla uniformis. Umbel/a conferta. Fru^tts ovati.

hdhccajla- BUNIUM. Zp. pi. 349 {(ded. Ban. t. 220. opt,

mm I. Qcr. Em. \c6j^. f. 1 i^ 2. Moris. hiJi, f. 9. /. 2.

/. I. in medio ordinis fecimdi.)

Earth-Nut or Pig-Nut. Jnglis. Braonan-backuill.

Gaulis,
In woods and paftures frequent, if. V. VI.
The roots are bulbous, and tafte like a chefnut,
whence the trivial name of Bulbocajianum. Many
perfons are fond of them, and in fome parts of
England they boil them in broth, and ferve them
up to table.

CONIUM. Gen. PL 336.

InvohceUa dimidiata, fubtriphylla. Fru^us fubglo-

bofus, 5-ftriatus, utrinque crenatus.

mactdatum

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 157

CONIUM feminibus ilriatis. Sp. pi. 349. (Ger»
Em. 1 06 1. Mcris. hiji. f. 9. /. 6. /. i. ordine in-
ferior e,)

Hemlock. Jnglis.

In wafle places frequent. O . VI. VII.

This plant has certainly narcotic and poifonous
qualities, but notwithftanding this it has lately
been introduced into the Maieria Medica as an
excellent medicine to remove almoil every com-
plaint arifiiig from obftrudions in the glands.
The celebrated Stork firft brought it into it*s
prefent reputation : that gentleman, by many
repeated experiments, found, that an extracft
prepared from the frefli roots in the Spring, was
a very powerful and efficacious remedy in almofl:
all kinds of ulcerous, fcrophulous, and even
cancerous diforders.

ATHAMANTA. Gen. PL 338.
Fru^us ovato-oblongus, ftriatus. Feiala inflexa

emarginata.

ATHAMANTA foliolis capillaribus, feminibus

glabris flriatis. Sp. pi, 353. (Ger. Em. 10^2. f,

I. Moris. hiJi. / 9. /. 2. fig. media ordinis fupe-

rioris, )

Common Spignel, Meu, or Bawd-Money. Anglis,

Muilcionn. Gaulis.
In mountainous paflures in many places, as about
Crawford John Cajlle, in Lanerkfhire ; in the
mountains above Dunkeld, and in the paflures
about LGch-Rmncchy in Ferthjkire, Sec." and Sib-

hald

158 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA;

bald fays it grows upon the banks of Breick'
Water, in Wejl-Lothian. %. V.
The root has a warm fpicy tafte, and is fometimes
ufed in medicine as a carminative and diuretic.

CRITHMUM. Gen, PL 340.

Fru^iis ovalis, comprefllis. Flofcuii <5quales.
marltimum CRITHMUM foliolis lanceolatis carnofis. Sp.pl
*• 354. {Ger. Em. SZZ-f- '• ^oris. hi(l. f. [9. /. 7.

/. I. ordinis fupericris.)
Sampire. Anglis.
Upon the rocks by the fea-fide in Galloway. Sil?-

bald. n.YlW.
The common involucrum confifts of five leaves,

the partial ones each of fev^en.
The leaves of this plant are ufed in England as a
well-known pickle, of a warm aromatic flavor.

HERACLEUM. Gen. PL 345.
Fruclus ellipticus, emarginatus, compreffjs, ftria-
tus, marginatus. Co7\ difformis, inflcxo-emargi-
nata. Involucr. caducum.
(phcndyUi'.m HERAGLEUM foliolis pinnatifidis l^vibus, fieri
1. bus radiatis. Syfi. Nat. 210. Sp. pL 358. {Ger

Em. 1009. Moris, hijt. J. 9. t. 16. fig. jnedia or
dinis fuperioris.Pet. herb. /. 24./. i.)
Cow Parfnep. Anglis.

In meadows and borders of fields frequent. ^

Gmeli/i, in his Bhr. Sibirica, p. 214, tells us, tha

the inhabitants of Camtjchatca, about the be

ginning of July^ colled: the footfl:alks of the ra

dica

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 159

dical leaves of this plant, and after peeling off
the rind, dry them feparately in the Sun, and
then tying them in bundles they lay them up
carefully in the fhade : in a fhort time after-
wards thefe dry'd ftalks are cover'd over with a
yellow faccharine efflorefcence, tailing like liquo-
rice, and in this ftate they are eaten as a great
delicacy.
The Ruffians^ not content with eating the ftalks
thus prepar'd, contrive to get a very intoxicat-
ing fpirit from them, by firft fermenting them
in water with the greater Billberries^ (Vaccinium
uliginofum) and then diftilling the liquor to what
degree of ftrength they pleafe, which Gfuelin fays
is more agreeable to the tafte than fpirits made
from corn. This may therefore prove a good
fuccedaneum for Whijky^ and prevent the con-
fumption of much barley, which ought to be
apply'd to better purpofes. Swine and rabbits
are very fond of this plant. In the county of
Norfolk it is called Hog-weed.

LTGUSTICUM. Gen. PI. 346.
FruBus oblongus 5-fulcatus utrinque. Corelh

asquales. Fetalis involutis, integris.
LIGUSTICUM foliis biternatis, fubtus lucidis.
Lin. Mantifs. 354. Sp. pi. 359. (Oed. Dan. t,
207. op. llerm. par. t. 227. Pluh. Aim. t. 96./.
2.) Tour in ^cotl. 1772, qto. ed.^i^^^/-^^>'''^^^^-
Scotch Parfley or Lovage. Anglis. Siunas or Shu-
nis. Gaulis JnfiiU Ski,e.

On

i6o PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

On ihe rocks by the fea-fide in many places, as on
the coaft of Fife^ between North and South
Weems^ and below Kinghorne^ and frequent in
the Weftern i Hands of Jura, IJla, Jona and Skie,
in which lall it is call'd by the name of Shunis,
and is fometimes eaten raw as a fallad, or boil'd
as greens. The root is reckoned a good car-
minative. An infufion of the leaves in whey
they give their calves to purge them. % . VII.

ANGELICA. Gen. PL 347.
Fru^us fubrotundus, angulatus, fohdus, flylis re-

flexis. CorolU squales ; pet alts incurvis.
ANGELICA foliis sequalibus ovato-lanceolatis
ferratis. Sp. pL 361. {Ger. Em. 999./. 2. Moris,
hiji. f. 9. /. 3. /• 2. orainis fectindi.)
Wild Angelica. Jnglis.

In moift woods and marfhy places frequent. % . VII,
It renders hay ungrateful to cattle.

SIUM. Gen. PL 348.
Friiofus fubovatus, ftriatus. Involucrum polyphyl-

lum. Pet da cordata.
SIUM foliis pinnatis, umbellis axillaribus pedun-
culatis, invoiucro univerfali pinnatilido. Syji.
Nat. 2 IT. {Ger. Em. 256./. 2. Moris. hi(i. f.^.
t. S' f- 2. ordinis fecundi. Pet. herb. t. 26. /. 2.)
Karrow-leav'd Water Parfnep. Anglis.
In ditches and rivulets, but not common. Dr.

Par[ons. %. VII.
The fecond pair of pinns on the leaves are fo

diftant

I

inundatum
J,

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. i6i

diflant from the firft that there Iccns to bejair
M^anting : the pinnae are deeply ferrated.

fkd'ijicrum 5. foliis pinnatis, umbellls axillaribus fefiilibus. Sp.
"• P^- 361. {Moris, hifi.f. 9. /. 5./ 3. ^f;?^,P^?.

/j^r^. /, 26./. 3. 0^^. Z)^>7. /. 247J
Keclhiing Water Parfnep. Jiiglis,
By the fides of rivulets. U. VIL

SISON. GfA^ Fl. ^49.
Fniclus ovatus, llriatus. Involucra fubtetraphylla.
SISON repens, umbcllis bifidis. Sp. pi. 363. (Oed.
Dan. t. ^g, opt. Moris. hifi,f. 9. /, ^, f, ^. Pluk.
phyt. t. 61./. ^.Pet. herb. t. 26. f. 4.)
Tiie left Water Parfnep. Anglis.
In lakes ahd ponds that are dry'd up in the Sum-
mer not uncommon, g- VII.
It is one of the fmalleft plants of all the umbelli-
ferous tribe,

OENANTHE. Gen. PL 352.

Flofadi difFormes -, in difco fefllles fteriles. FruSius

calyce coronatus.
OENANTHE ftolonifera, foliis caulinis pinnatis

filiformibCis fiftuiofis. Sp, pi. ^6^. (Ger. Em.

1060./. 5. Moris, hifi.f. 9. /. 7./. 8. Pet. berk

^25./. 5^6.)
Water Dropwort. Anglis.
In ditches and rivulets, as betv/ceri Invtrkeiihing

and the North-Fera, &c. ^. VIII.

M The

a u

i62 PENTANDRIA DIGYNfA.

The umbels have no imiverfal involucrum ; when
/^/,aai//^A^^'^r]pQ the/^refemble fmall prickly fpheres.

ttocaia 2. OE. foliis omnibus multifidis obrufis fubcequair-
biis. Sp. pL 365. {Ger. Em. 1059. /. 4. Moris,
hijl. f^t. 7./. 2. crdinis fecundi. FeL herb. t. 2c^.
f- 1-)

Hemlock Dropwort. An-^lis.

Upon the banks of ditches, rivers and lakes fre-
quently. %. VII.

The rays of the univcrfal umbel are longitudinally
furrow'd, arid has nouniverlal involucrum : the
leaves are fnigly and doubly pinnated : each fo-
liolum is wedge-iliap'd, fmooth, ilreak'd v/ith
lines, and hotch'd on the edges.

The roots and leaves cf this plant are a terrible
poifon j feveral perfons have perifhed by eating
it thro' miftake, cither for wattr-parfneps or for
celeri, which laft it refembles pretty much in its
leaves. So extremely deleterious is its nature,
that I remember to have heard the late Mr.
Cbriftopher D. Ehrct^ that celebrated botanic
painter, f:y, that while he vv^as drawing this
plant, the fmell or ePiiUvia only rendered hirn
lb giddy that he was feveral tim.es oblig'd to quit
the room, and walk out in the frclli air to re-
cover himfelf ; but recolledling at lafb what
might probably be the caufe of his repeated ill-
nefs, he opened the door and v>^indows of the
room, and the free air then enabled him to finiil

hi

I

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 163

hi^ work without any more returns of his gid-
dinels.
I have {'.^en. a large fpoonful of the juice of tliis-
plaiit given to a tlog, which made him very fick
and ftupid, but in about an hour he recover'd t
and I have {qqh a goat eat it with impunity.
To thofe of the human kind, Vv^ho have been fo
unfortunate as to eat any part of this plant, a
vomit is the moft approved remedy.

PHELLANDRIUM. Gen. PL 3^^-
Fiofadi difci minores. hrucfus ovatus, Isvis, coro-
natLS perianthio & piitillo.
^qualicum PHELLANDRIUM foliorum ramificationibus
*' divaricatis. Sp. pL 366. (Ger. E7n. 1063. / 2.

Mens, hi ft. J. 9. /. 7./. 7. ordhiis fiipcrioris. Pet.
herb. t. 28. /. 4J
Water Hemlock. Anglis.

In ditches and ponds, but not common. $ . VIII.
The llalk is remarkably thick and dichotomous,
and grows in the water : the leaves are triply
pinnated, the pinnul?e leffile and fcrrated.
Linnaeus informs Us that the horfes in Siveden, by-
eating of this plant are felz'd v/ith a kind of
palfey, which he fuppofes is brought upon them
not lo much by any noxious qualities in the
plant itfelf, as by a certain infed v/hich breeds
in the ftalks, call'd by him, for that realon,
Cumdio parGpktlicus. ^yji. Net. 610. Ihe
Stvedes give fwine's dung for the cure.

M 2 CICUTA.

i64 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

m'oja I.

CICUT.A. Gen. PI. 354.
Truclus liibovatu.s, lulcatus,
CICUTA umbellis oppofitifoliis, pctiolis margi-
natis obtuns. ^/'. />/. ^C^G. {Oed.Dan. t. 208. GVr.
Em. is^- f' 4- Moris, hiji. f. 9. /. 5 /. 4. Pet.
herb. t. 28. /. r. Moris. JJmhel. L 5- Folium
egregiiim Wehfer in Uhello dc maita ciciuatica. t. i .
p. 4.)
Long-leav'd Water Hemlock. ylnglis.
It grows by the fides ot lakes, but happily for ns
very rare. Dr. Parfzns difcovercd it on the fide
oi Loch-End. %. Vil.
The roots arc large and hollow, divided into cells
by tranf/erfe diaphragms : the llalk round and
hiliilar : the leaves pinnated with fingle, double
and triple foiiola, each foliolum fpear-jfliap'd,
and finely fcrrated \ the ferratures white at the
tips : the umbel grows open, and is red at the
bafe : the partial involucra confjll each of many
fliort fetaceous leaves :• the flov.ers are white, all
hermaphrodite, and uniform: the petals heart-
fnap'd and inflex'd : the feeds oval, and furrow'd
with three prominent meridians.
Of the few vegetable poifons in Grent-Brilaln this
is one of \^Ci.t principal. It is dertru6live not
only to man, but, accordiiig to mofl: writers on
the fubjed, to aln:ioft every bcaft, except per-
haps tlie goat, v.hich is faid to devour it as a
grateful food.
— vidcFC licet pingucfcere f^jpe cicuta^

Earbio-era?

PENTANDRIA DIGYKIA. 165

Barbigeras pecudes, homini-que eft acre venenum.

Lncret.
Linnaeus afiiires us that he has known cattle to die
by eating the roots •, and JP^ehfcr informs ns,
that one ounce of it threw a dog into convul-
fions, and two cnnces kill'd it : he mentions
ahb its direful effetls upon fevcral other animals.
And Schivenki, a Ge-nnan writer, gives an account
of four boys, who had the misfortune to cat of
it ; three of whom died in convuifions. Strong
emetics, adminifter'd as foon as pofiible, are the
moft approv'd antidote

iETHUSA. Gen. PL ^55-
hi'vcluccUa dimidiata, triphylla, pendula. Fru^us

ftriatus.
.^THUSA. Sp. pi. 367. (Ger. Em. 1063. /. i.
Moris, hijf. / 9. /. 2". /. 2. crdinis fuperioris ad
finijtram.^
LeiTer Hemlock, or Fool's ParOey. Anglis.
It is a common weed in gardens. Q. VIIL
The ftalk is channel'd : the leaves doubly and
triply pinnated : the lacin's acute, and deeply
ferrated : of a fliining dark-green color*
The plant, when biuiicd, has a ib'cng virulent
fmell, fomething like garlick. It's quahties
correfpond to the fmell, for it is of a poifonous
nature, producing ftupors, vom.itings and con-
vuifions. Cooks therefore cannot be too care-
ful that they miflake it not for parfley, which it
a good deal refembles.

M 3 SCANDIX.

i66 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

SCANDIX. GeiL Pl. 357.
Ccr. radiata. Frutlus fubulatus. Petala emarginata.
FlofcuU dilci fspe mafculi.
qdorata i.* SCANDIX Icmlnibus fulcatis angulatis. Sp.pL ^68.
(Ger Em. \ 039,/. 3.. Moris, hiji. j. 9. ^. 10./. i.)
Great Sweet Chervil, or Myrrhq. Anglis,
It is frequent in the low-lands, in orchards, and
wafte places, but always near houfes, lb that it
is probably not indigenous, but naturalized.
K-. V.
The leaves are hairy, triply pinnated, and of a
fweet agreeable fcent : the ftalks channel'd and
fiftular : the fiowers white.

petlewjene- SCANDIX f-iiiinibus la^vibus roilro longiffimo.
^•^■'^■' 2. sp. fi :,6S.\Ger, Em. 1040./ i. Moris, bijl.f.

r). /. 11./. I. ordinis fec'undi.)
Shepherd's-Nccdle, or Venus comb. Anglis.
In corn fields. Dr. Parfcr.s. O. VI.

rntkrifcusi, S. leminibus ovatis hil|;idis, corollis uniformibus,
caule fevi. Up. pl. 3C)b'. (Moris, hifi. f. 9. t. 10.
\ /. 2. ordinisfuperioris. P.et. herb. t. 27./. 12. Co-
lumn, ecph. i.p. lie. /. 112.)
Small Hemlock Chervil, with rough feeds. Anglis,
In v/afte places, and on dry banks near towns and
villages, o VI.

CFLliROPHyLLUiN/E. Gen. pi. 35S

InvoJucrwn reflexum, concavum. Petala infiexo.-

cordata. Fru£fiis obloneus. la?vis.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. i^-j

fylvejlre i . CH.liROPHYLLUM caule Iccvi ilriato, genicu-

lis tumidiufculis. Syji. Nat. 214. Sp. pi. -^Cc).

{Mcris. hijl.f, 9. /. ii./. 5. Pet, herb. /. 25./.

2.;

Wild Cicely or Cow-weed. Anglis.

Under hedges frequent %. V.

The flalk is thick, channelled and fiftular, not al-
v/ays Imooth, but frequently hairy : the leaves
are triply pinnated : the plnnulas fharply lerratcd,
generally fmoorh, except the nerves, \v]i:ch aie
always hairy : the petals are unequal, the exter-
nal ones of the umbel beins; the laro-eft. The
feeds, when npe, are blackifh, fmooth, and
Alining.

The cows are very fond of this plant in the Spring.
The leaves will dye wool of a green and yellow
color.

Umiilum 2, CHiEROPKYLLUM caule fcabro, geniculis tu-
midis. 5yj. -pi 370. (Ger. Em. 1038. /. 2. Pet^
herb t. ^s.f. 3. Morijf. kyf. /. 9. t. 10. f. y,)

Wild Chervil. Jnglis.

In hedges. Dr. Parfons. S . VIII.

The ftalk is hairy, tumid under the joints, and
mark'd v/ith red fpots : the leaves are hairy,
doubly pinnated : the pinnulas obtufe and (lightly
ferrared : the young umbels hang down their
heads : the petals are unequal, the exterior ones
being largeft : the central fiov/ers are abortive :
the feeds fmooth and furrow'd.

IMPERATORIA.

i6S PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

IMPEKATORIA. Gen. Pi. 359.

Fru5Ius fubrotundus, compreiTus, rxiedio gibbiis,
margine cindfus. P-eiala infiexo-marginata.

IMPERATORIA. Sp. pi. 371. (Ger. Em. icoi.
/. I. Moris, hijl.f. 9. t. 4 /. i.)

Mafterwort. Anglis.

I obfcrv'd it upon the banks of the Clyde in fcveral
places, particularly about Ardencaple^ and in the
ille of ButCy near Mountjicwart 9 but whether in-
digenous or not is uncertain. % . VI.

The leaves are pinnated with about five pinnae,
the extreme one always divided into three lobes,
and all fharply ferrated.

The root is warm and aromatic, and is efteeni'd a
good fudorific. There arc recorded inftances of
it's curing the ague, when the bark has faii'd.
It ftould be dug up in the Winter, and a ftrong
intufion made in wine,

SMYRNIUM. Gen, PL 363.
Fru^us oblongus, ilriatus. Petala acuminata cari-
nata.
dlufdtrum i SMYRNIUM foliis caulinis ternatis petiolatis fer-
ratis. Sp.pl. ^yb. CGer. E'.n. 1019. Moris, kfji.j.
9. i 4. f. I. crdinis fecundi. Pet. herb. t. 24./. 12J
Alexanders. Anglis.

Upon the Tea coalt at Dti/ighifs, on the edge of
Rerzznckjkire. Dr. Parjons. $ . VI.

CARUM.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 169

CARUM. Gen. pL 365.
pruofus ovatooblongns, fbriatus. Involucrimi n;o-
nophyllum. Petala carinata, inflexo-emarginata.
■arm i. *. CARUM Sp. pi 378. (Ger. Em. 1034. Pet. kerb,
t. 26./ lO.J
Caraways. AngUs.

Under the rocks of Edinburgh cafde, towards the
Weft. Dr. Parfons. I obferv'd it alfo growing
in the iPxand of Oranfa, but moft probably from
feeds accidentally fcattcred. $ . VI.
I'he feeds are a well-known carminative. The
young leaves arc good in foups, and the roots
are by fome efteem'd a delicate food.

PIMPiNELLA. Gen. pi. 366.
Fru^us ovato-oblongus. Petala inflexa. StignwJ
fubglobofa.
■axlfraga i. PIMPINELLA foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus.
fubrotundis ; fummis iinearibus. Sp, pi. 37S.
{Ger. Em. 1044./, 2. Moris, hijl.f. 9. /. c. f, 6.
crdinis fuperioris.)
Small Burnet Saxifrage, AiigUs.
In dry mountainous pafturcs fi-equent. %. VIII.
There is a variety of it Vv-ith the radical leaves la-
ciniated. y. Pet. herb. /. 26./. 8.

APIUM. Gen. pi. 36 J.
Fruclus ovatus, firiatus. Lnvo'iicr. monophyllum.
Petala lequalia.
raveoleijs APIUM foliis caulinis cuneiformibus, umbeliis
2. feffilibus.

ly©

fodagraria
1,

PENTANDRIA IRIGYNIA.

fclfilibus. Sp. pi. '2^-i(^. [Ger. Em. 1014. Aicrh.

h}ji,f. 9. /. 9./. 8. Pet. herb. t. 26. /. 12 j
Smallage or Celeri. Ariglis.
In marfhy places by the Tea fide : in the ditches

behind Mtijj'dburgh. Dr. Parfons. $ . VIII.

/EGOPODIUM. Gen. pi 368.
Fru^us ovato-oblongus, ftriatiis.
^GOPODIUM foliis caulinis funim^s ternatis.
Sp.pl. 379. (Gcr. Em. loii.f. 2. Moris, hijl.f.
9. t. ^. f. II. Pet. herb. t. 25. /. j o.)
Gout-Weed, Afli-Weed, or Herb-Gerard. Anglis,
Under hedges and in gardens. "U. VI.
The young leaves in the Spring are e^ten in Sweden
and Szvilzerlafid as ";reens.

T R I G Y N I A.

VIBURNUM. GefL pL 370.
Cal. 5-partitus, fuperus. Cor. 5-fida. Bacea mo-
nofperma.
lantana i. VIBURNUM foliis cordatis lerratis venofis, fub-
tus tomentolis. Sp. pi. 384. {Ger. Em. 1490.J
The Way-faring-Trce. yhiglis.
At Sir yobn Hall's, in Dunglafs-Glen. Dr. Parfons.

T, . VI.

ipulus 2. V. foliis lobatis, petiolis glandulofis. Sp. pi. 1%A'
{Ger. Em. 1424- /■ ^O
Water Elder. JngHs.

In moid woods and hedges, but not common. Dr
Parfons. b . VI.

SAMBUCU5

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 171

SAMBUCU5. Gen. pi. syi.

Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. 5 iida. Bacca ^-fperma.
SAMBUCUS cymis triparticis, llipulis foliaceis,

caule herbaceo. Sp.. pi. 385. Syfi: Nat. 219.

{Miller, icon. 226. cpL Ger. Em. 14.16.)
Dwarf-Elder or Dane-wort. A'^glis.
By v/ay fides, but not con'.mon. I obferv'd it near

Dumfries.^ in the road from thence towards Caer-

la-vrock caftle, and at Dv.phn., the feat of Lord

KinnoiiU near Fei'th^ 5jc. %. VII.
The leaves have three or four pair of pinnae, much

longer than thofe of the common elder: the tips

of the petals are red and inflex'd.
The roots are a pov^-erful diuretic : a decoction of

them has been found ferviceable in the dropfy.

SAMBUCUS cymis quinquepartiti.^, caule arboreo
Sp. pi. 385. [Ger. Em. 1422./. i.;

Common Elder. Anglis. An druman. Gaulis.

In v/oods and hedges frequent, l? . Vi.

An infufion of the inner green bark of this fhrub
in white wine, or it's exprefs'd juice to the quan-
tity of half an ounce, o,r an ounce, is faid to
prove a moderate cathartic, and in fmall dofes
to be an efficacious deobftruent. The bruifed
leaves in a cataplafm are fometimes applied out-
wardly in eryfipelas and pleurifies, and are reck-
oned to be very relaxing. The dryed flowers are
a fudorihc, and the juice of the berries, infpif-
fated to the confiftencc of a rob, proves a fafe

and

^2=2 ?ENTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. ^

and iifeful aperient medicine, good in obdruc- ,
tions of the vifcera, and to promote the natural ,
evacuations. The berries are alfo ufed to make
a wine^ which has fomething of the flavor of
frontiniac j and in fome countries they dye cloth I
of a brown color wqth them. The young um- i
bels before the flowers expand are by fome
ciLeem'd for pickling.

ALSINE. Gen. PL 380. ;

Cal. pentaphyllus. Petala 5, sequalia. Capfula uni- \
locularis, trivalvis.
i^^edia I. ALSINE petaiis bipartitis, foliis ovato-cordatis.
Sp. pi. 3H9. {Oed. Dan. t. 525. florihus !^-and.ris.^
<y /. A^'2^%. fioribus iQ-andris. Moris, hljh f. 5. t.
1^. f. ^. Gcr. Em. 6ii./. 2.)
Common Chickweed^ Anglis..
In fliady places and in gardens frequent. G . V-IX. j
It varies in its number of flamina from three to ten. 1
Chickens and many kinds of fmall birds arc very ;
fond of this plant.

T E T R A G Y N I A-
PARNASSIA. Gnu pL 834.
Cal. 5-partitus. Petf.Ia 5. Ne5faria 5, cordata, ci-
liata apicibus globofis. Capfula quadrivalvis.
pihflris I. PARNASSIA. 8p. pL 3^1. (Moris, hiji. f. 12. /.
10,/. 3. Gcr. Emac. 840./. \.)
Grafs of Parnaffus. Jnglis.
In bogs and wet paftures frequent. %. Vlll.

The

PENTAINDRIA PENTAGYNIA. j^.

The flalk is about a foot high, angular, and often
a little twifted, bearing a fingle white flower at
top: the leaves are heart-fhap'd, thofe on the
llalk feffile : the flower is white, with Ave fl:ri-
ated petals : the neclaria are of a yellowiih o-reeii
color, heart-fliap'd and ciliated : the cilia ter-
ininated each with little yellow pellucid fpheres ;
a very diilinguiiliing character of this plant.

PENTAGYNIA.

STATICE. Ge?7. pi. 388.
Cal. i-phyllus, integer, plicatus, fcariofus. Vetala

5. Sem. 1, fuperum.
STATICE fcapo fimplici capitato, foliis linearibus.

Sp.pl. 394. {Moris, hijl. f. i^, t. i. f. 29. Ger.

Em. 602./. I. Pet. herb. t. 72./. 8.)
Thrift or Sea Gilly-flower. Anglis. Bar-dear?.

Gaul'is.
The moll; humble and mofl: lofty of plants. It

grows frequently upon the fea-lhores, and upon

the fummits of the highefl: mountains. '4. ^l\,

LINUM. Gen. pi. 389.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Capfida 5-valvis, lo-lo-
cularis. Sem. folitaria.

* Foliis nlternis.
LINUM calycibus capfulifq ; mucronatis, petalis
crenatis, foliis lanceolatis alternis, caule fubfoli-
tano. Sp. pL 397. (Ger. Em. c,^6. Moris, hift.f,
5. /. 26./. T. fj dextram crdinisfscnndi.)

Flay.

i74 PENTANDRlA PENTAGYNIA.

Flax. JngUs. Lion. GatiUs.

In corn fields. G. VI.

Not ro mention the great oeconomical ufe of this
plant in making of linen, the feeds are eileem'd
an excellent emollient and anodyne : they are
ufed externally in cataplafms, to affuage the
pain of inflani'd tumors : Internally, a flight in-
fufion of linfeed, by way of tea, is recomimended
in coughs as an excellent pedoral, and of great
fervice in pleurifies, nephritic complaints, and
lupprelTions of urine.

■* Foliis oppofitis. i

caiharticum L. foliis oppofitis ovatO-lanceolatis, caule dichoto-'
2. mo, corollis acutis. Sp. pi. 401. (Ger. Em. 560.

/. 5. Pet. herb. /. SB- f- 12.J
Purging Flax. Anglis. An caol-miofachan. GauUs.
in dry paftures common. O.VI.
A drachm of the dry'd plant pulveriz'd, or an in-,
fufion of a handful of it in whey or water, is 2
fafe purge.

taciiola 3. L. foliis oppofitis, caule dichotonio, floribus te-
trandris tetragynis. Sp.pl. 402. {Oed. Ban. 178.
bpt. Raj. Syh.p. 34^- ^- ^S-f- 3- I'^^-H-i^^ris. /. 4.
/. 6. Ger Em. 569./. 2. pet. kerb. t. 59./. 12.)

The 1^ Rupture-wort, or All-feed. Anglis.

In moift gravelly foils, and whtre water has ftooc
in the Winter -, obferv'd at T'Cclumh-kiil i y ^o\
Banks, Efquue. O- VIH. ^

DROSERA'

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 175

DROSERA. Gen. pi. 391.
Cnl 5-fidus. Petala 5. Caps, i-locularis, apice 5-
valvis. Sejn. plurima.
rotundifoUa DROSERA fcapis radicatls, foliis orbiculatis. Sp.
^- pi. 402. (Ger. Em. 1556./, 1. Pet. herb. t. 63./.

10.).
Round-ieav'd Sundew, AngUs. Lus-na-fcarnaich.

Gaulis.
On bogs and heathy grounds frequent. % . VII.

lon^ifoUai. D. fcapis radicatis, foliis oblongis. Sp. pi. 403.
(Ger. Em. 1556./. 2. Moris, hiji.f. i^.t. 4./. 2.
£s? var. fig. altera ad dextram ordinis fuperioris.
Pet. herb. t. 63./. 11 ^ 12.)

Long-leav'd Sundew. Anglis.

In the lame places as the preceding, and equally
common. "4. VII,

Thcfe plants are readily diflinguifhed by their
leaves, which are cover'd on the upper fide with
purple tubular hairs, tipp'd with drops of a vifcid
liquor : the ftaik is deftitute of leaves, and bears
a Ipike of white flowers, all for the mod part on
the fame fide of the ftaik.

SIBBALDIA. Gen.^l. o^^i.
Cal. lo-fidus, Petala 5, calyciinferta. Styli e latere
germinis. Scm. 5.
procumhens SIBBi^LDIA foliolis tridentatis. Sp.pl. 40(5. (Qed.
J • Da7u t. 32. Pluk. Aim. ^. 3 r 2. /. 3.)

Reclining Sibbaldia. Anglis.

Upon

t-je pentAndriA pentagynia.

upon many of the highland mountains, as on Ben-
Lomond in Dumbartonjhir^^ Ben-mor in Breadal-
■bane^ &c. It begins to grow about a mile from
the tops, and continues to be found quite to the
fummits. It has never been difcover'd in any
other part of Great-Britain^ except Scotland.

POLYGYNIA.

MYOSURUS. Gen. PL 394.
Cat. 5-phyllus, bafi adnatus. NeSiaria 5, fubulata,
petaliformia. Sem. numerofa.
nunimus i. MYOSURUS. Sp. pi. 407. {Oed. Dan. t. 406.
Ger, Em. 426./. 4. Pet. herb. t. i<). f. 7.)
Moufetail. Anglis.
In corn-fields of a gravelly foil, Sibbald. O . V

fiLASSIS

H E X A N D R I A. 175;

C L A S S I S VI.

Hexandria

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores calyculati calyce coroUaque injt'ruEil.

BERBERIS. Cor, 6-petala. Cal 6-phyllus, inferus.
Bacca 2-fperma.

* Flores fpathacet, fettghmacei.
ALLIUM. Cor. infefa, 6-petala. Fet. ovata, fef-
filia.

* Flores nudi.
CONVALLAklA. Cor. infera, 6-fida. Bacca ^-^^

fperma.
HYACINTHUS. Cor. infera, 6-fida. Gehnms ad

aplcem pori 3 melliferi.
ANTHERICUM. Cor. infera, 6-petala, plana.
ORNITHOGALUM. Cor. inferaj 6-petala. Filam,

alternis ball dilatatis.
SCILLA. Cor. infera,' 6-petala, decidua. Filanu
filiformia.

* Flores incompleti.
J UNCUS. Cal. 6-phyllus. Caps, i-locularls.
PEPLIS. Cal i2-fidus. Caps. 2-locularis.
DIGYNIA. Polygon "oaria.

N TRIGYNTA,

r;^ H E X A N D R 1 A*

T R I G Y N I A.

COLCHICUM. Cal fpatha. Cor. 6-petaloidea.
TRIGLOCHIN. Cd. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala.
* Caps, bafi dehifcens.

RUMEX. Cal 3-phyllus. Cor, 3 petala. Sem. i, \
triquetrum.

Anthericum calyciilatiim.

POLYGYNIA. \

ALSIMA. Cal 3-phylliis. Cor. 3-petala. Pericarp.
plura. ,.

MONOGYNIA.
BERBERIS. Gen. PL 442.
Cal. 6-phyllus. Petala 6, ad ungues glandulis 2.
Stylus o. Bacca 2-lpenTia.
:algaris i. BERBERIS pedunculis racemofis Lin. Sp. 471.
{Miller, icon. t. 6j. Ger. Em. 1325.)
The Barberry-bufh. Anglis,
In the hedges about Hamilton. Dr. Parfons. "h . VI.
The fruit is cooling, and good to quench thirfl in
fevers, for which purpofe it is generally made,
into a conferve.
The inner bark, fteep'd in white wine, is purgative,
and has been found often to be very ferviceablc
in the jaundice.

ALLIUM. Gen. PL 409.

Cor. 6-partita, patens. Spatha mukiflora. Umhella

congeila. Caps, fupera.

* Foliis

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIAi J79

* Foliis catdinis planisj umhella bulhifera^
I ALLIUM caule planifolio bulbifero, vaginis tere-

tibus, fpatha miitica, ftaminibus tricufpidatis.

^p.pL 426. (Haller. optifcuL de Allio. t. 2. /. 2.

Moris, hift. f, 4. t. 14. /. 5. Oed. Ban. t, 290,

fecundum Hallerum.)
Broad-Ieav'd Mountain Garlick. Angiis.
At the foot of mountains in fandy foils^ but not

common. 1;. YII.
The flowers and bulbs or ths umbel are of a pur-

plifli color.

** Foliis caulinis teretihus.
ALLIUM caule teretifolio bulbifero, ftaminibus

tricufpidatis. Sp. ph 428. {Ger. Em. I'jg. f. i.

Pet. harh. t, 6'6.f. i.)
Crow-Garlick. Angiis.
In dry paftures, but not very common. Under Sa-

liJhury-Craigs, &c. li. VI.

*** Foliis r'adicalihiis, /capo nudo.
A. fcapo nudo triquetro, foliis lanceolatis petiolatisi

umbella faftigiata. Sp. pi. 431. {Ger. Em. 179.

/. 2. Moris, hiji. f. 4. /. 15. /. 15. Pet, herb: t.

66./. 8.)
Ramibns. Angiis.
In moift woods, and on the fides of rivulets not

unfrequent, as at Brumlanrig in NUhfdak, in

the woods by Rojlin-Caftle, at Loch-Ranfa in the

\^ZQ>i Arran, &c. ^. VI.
If cows happen to feed upon it the garlick odor
N 2 will

t8o HEXANDRIA MONOGYNlA.

v/ill be communicated to the milk, butter artd
cheefe.
The inhabitants of Arran take an infufion of the
leaves for the gravel with good fuccefs.

A. fcapo nudo ad^equante folia teretia fubulato
.filiformia. Syjt. Nat. 240. Sp. pi 432. {Moris.

hijl. f. 4. /. 14./. 4- ordinis fuperio7-is. Ger. Em.

176./. I.)
Cives or Chives. AngUs.
By Fajl-Cafie., on the borders of Berw'ickjhire. Dr.

Parfojts. I was inform'd that it had been found

alfo in Nether-Lorn^ in Argylejhire.. %. Vll.

ORNITHOGALUM. Gen. PL 418.

Cor. 6-petala, eredla^ perfiftens, fupra medium pa-
tens. Filament a akerna bafi dilatata.

ORNITHOGALUM fcapo angulofo diphyllo,
peduRCulis umbellatis fimplicibus. Sp, pi. 439.
[Oed. Dan. t.^j^. opt. Ger. £w. 165./. 2. Moris,
hijt.f. 13. t. £,.f. 12. Vet. herb. t. 66. f. 12.)

Yellow Star of Bethlehem. Anglis.

In woods. It flowers at the fame time with the ra-
nunculus Ficnria. V. Ill & IV.

I have inferted this as a native of Scotland, on the
authority of Sihbald^ and the certainty of it's
fyrowina: in Nortlmmherland,

The petals are green on the outfide, and yellow
within.

SCILLA. Gen. PL 419.
Cor. 6-petala, patens, decidua. Filamenta ^Viformla..

lifolia

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. i8i

hifolia I. SCILLA floribus ereftiufculis pauciorlbns. Sp. pL

♦ 443. [fier. Em. 106. f. 1. Moris, hifi. f. 4. /. 12,

/. I S> Pet. herb. t. 6-j.f. 5.)
Vernal Star Hyacinth. Jnglis.
Upon rocks cover'd with a {hallow foil, in the

iCands o^Jona and Staffa abundantly, &-c. 1;. V.
The root is bulbous, confiding of feveral coats

like an onion : the radical leaves are two or
three : the llalk naked, about four inches hi^h :

the flowers ered, blue, in number from ^;wo to

ten.

ANTHERICUM, Cyen. PL 422.
Ccr. 6-petala, patens. Caps, ovata.
e[fifragurn i ANTHERICUM foliis enfiformibus, filamentis
lanatis. Sp. fl. 446. {Oed. Dan. t. 42. opt. Ger.
Em. CiS'f' 2, Moris, hifi. / 4. /. i. /. 7. Pet. herb,
/. 66./.9.)
Lancalhire-Afphodel, or Yellow Marfh Andieri-
cum. Anglis. Am bliocan. Gaulis.
. Very common in moorifh grounds all over Scotland^
and the Weftern ifles. %, VII VIIJ.

calyculatiivi A. foliis enfiformibus, perianthiis trilobis, filamen-

I 2. tis glabris, floribus trigynis, Syfi. Nat. 244. Sp.

pi. 447. {Oed. Dan. t. 36. opt. Flor. Lapp. t. 10.

Scotch Afphodel, or White Mountain Anthericum.

Anglis.
Upon feveral of the highland mountains, as about

Loch Rannochy in PerihJIoire^ &c. I obferv'd it
N ^ alfo

^82 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

alfo in the ifland of Rum, upon a mountain
pall'd BaihevalL
The flowers grow in a clofe fpike : the peduncles
fingle, with a fmall trifid kind of braftea at
their bafe, refembling a calyx j whence the tri-
vial name of calyculatum^

CONVALLARIA. Gen. PI. 425-
Cor. 6-fida. Bacca maculofa, 3-locularis.
'" CorolUs campanulatis,
mjalis I. CONVALLARIA fcapo nudo. Sp. pi 451. {Ge}\
Em. 410./. I. Moris hifi. f. 13. /. 4. /. i. Tcf.
herb. t. 46./. 7.)
Lilly of the Valley, or May-Lilly. Anglis.
At Scotland-Wdd, and at MethvenWood. Sihbaui.
%.Y.

^■* Cor 0 His infundihuUformibus.
iyiuliijlora z CONVALLARIA foliis alternis amplexicaulibus,
caule tereti, pedunculis axiilaribus multifloris^
Sp. pi. 452. (Miller, icon. loi. /. i. Ofd. Dan. 4.
152. Ger. Em. 903./. i. Pet. herb. t. 44./. 5.)
Solomon's Seal. Angiis.

In woods but not common, I obferv'd it in the
woods about Tibber-Caflle, near Dnimlanrig, in
Ni.hfdale. n.WYJ.

HYACINTHUS. Gen. pi. 427.
Cor. campanulata ; poi i trcs melllferi germinis,
mnfcripttis HYACINTHUS corollis campanulatis fexpartitis
i» apice

J/,»^^r^^,y.d. /

'//yA^/v^j -B/^s.

//A

<^.n£^^t>

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 183

apice revolutis. Sp. pi. 453. {Ger. Em. lu. f. i.

PeL herb. t. 6j.f, 4.)
Engliih Hyacinth, or Harebells. Anglis,
Am fuath-miic. Gaulis.
In woods not unfrequent, as in Coryton woods, and

on the South fide of the river oppofite Logton

wood, by Dalkeith^ &c. %. V.

JUNCUS. Gau pi. 437.
Cal. 6-phyilus. Cor. o. Caps, i-locularis.
* Ciilmis nudis.
conglomra- JUNCUS culmo nudo ftriao, capitulo lateral!.
Uis I. Kp,pi 4^^^ (Moris, hid.f. 8. /. 10./. 7.)

Clufter-flower'd Rufli. AngHs,
In wet and marfhy grounds. 1;. VII.
This rufli is ufed to make wicks for candles, and
the pith of it to make toy-bafkets.

iffufus 2. JUNCUS culmo nudo ftrifto, panicula laterali.

Sp. pL 464. (Moris, hift. f. 8. /. 10. /. 4.)
Common Soft-Rulli. AngUs.
In marfhy grounds, if. VII.
This is likewife ufed for making candle-wicks, and

in fome places for ropes and baikets.

mfitxus 3. J. culmo nudo, apice membranaceo incurvo, pani-
cula laterali. -ip.pl 464. {Moris hiji.f. 8. /. 10.
/. 25. ^ ejus var. y? f. 8. /. 10./. 13.)
Hard-Kuai. Angiis.
; Upon the ihores on the coail of Fife. Dr. Parfons,

I i;.vii.

trifidus 4. J- c^^^'^^ "'^^°' ^''^^''' ^^"^^^^"^ ' ^'^^'^^ terminalibus.

1 84 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Sp. pi. 465. {Oed. Dan. t. 107. Bauh. Prod. f.
22. t. 11. fig. ad dextram. Exemp|a noftra mp-
nantha fur,t. vid. fig.)

TrifidRuIh. Anglis.

I found it npon the iummlts of the highland moun-
tains to the South of Little-Loch-Broom^ in Rofs-
Jhire, and on Ben-na-fcree, above Arnefdale^ on
the fide of Loch-Urn, m InvernefsJJoire^ &c. "lU
VII,

It varies with one, two and three axillary, and al-
moft fefTile flowers. The fpecimens I found had
all fmgle fiov/ers.

J. cuimo nudo, foliis fctaceis, capitulis glomeratis
aphyllis. ^9^. /;/. 465. (Oed. Dan. t. 430. Loef.
Prujf./p. 115. ^. 29. Moris, hiji.f. 8. /. 9./. 13^

Mofs Rufh. Anglis.

In mooriih heathy grpund common, if. VII.

1 he leaves are rigid, and fpread open from one
another: the ftalk is eredt and flifi:^ the glumes
at the bafe of the calyx, and the edges of the
leaves of it white : the capfvile of a dark red,
and fliining.

** Cuhnis foUo/js.

m'iiculatus JUNCUS foliis nodofo-articulatis, petalis obtufis.
6. '' Sp. pi. 465. {Moris, hiji.f. 8-^ /. 9./. i. ad dcx-

irSi. Bauh. Frod. f. -ad- p. 12! finijii-am. Ger.Enu
J). 22./. 9.;
Jointed-leav'd Rufh. Anglis.

In

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 185

In woods and moift pieadows frequent. 1^. VIII.
A variety of this, producing bunehes of reddifh
leaves, inftcvid of umbels of flowers, is freauent
in bogs and ditches in the Autumn, {fee fig.
Bauh. Prod. p. 12. ad den tram. ^ Moris, hifi;. f
8. t.^.f. 2.) Thefe leaves feem to put on this
appearance from fome obftruclion in the growth
of the plant, occafion'd by an inicft of the
Coccus tribe.
The flowers alfo in th^ Autumii are frequently vi-
z'iparotis^ the germina fliooting young leaves be-
fore the feeds are ripe, as in the following.

idhofus 7. J. foliis linearibus canaliculatis, capfulis obtufis.
Sp. pi. 466. (Oed. Ban. L 431. M':;}ris. hiji.f. 8.
t. 9./. II.)

Bulbous Rulh. Anglis.

Frequently upon tlie fea-cqafl:, and in moid mea-
dows. If. VIII.

The capfules are obtufe, 2-nd of a d^rk-brown
fliining color ; fometimes vrciparous. See Pluh
t. 32. /. 3. ^. Sckeuch. Agrofi. p. 330. /. 7./.
10. Mgvis. hifi.f. 8. /. o./, 4. ordinis fecundi.

hufomns 8a J' c*-'l"^Q dichotomo, foliis angulatis, floribus foli-
tariis feflillbus. Sp, pi. a66. {Moris, hiji.f. 8./.
9./. 14. Barrel, icon. 263 ^ 264. Ger. Em. p. 4,

/•4.)
Toad-Rufli. Anglis.
In places that have been overflowed in the Winter.

o.yiii.

This

<36 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

This Is likewife found fometimes 'viviparous,

riglumisg. JUNCUS foliis plaqis, gluma triflora terminali,
Sp. pi. (Oed. Dan. /. 132, Flor. Lap. t. 10. f,
5. ^Jig noji.)

Three- iiower'd Riifh. Anglis.

Upon the liighUnd mountains, but not common j
on the Eaft fide of Craig-Chealleach^ above Fin-
larig, in Breadalbane, &c. Mr. Stuart.

The glume and capfules are chocolate-eolor'd.

)ilofus 10. J. foIH.s planis pilofis, corymbo ramofb. Sp.pL 468-
{Oed. Dan. t. 441. Moris, hiji.f. 8. /. 9./. i. or-
dims fuperioris adfuiiftram.)
Hairy Wood Rufh. Anglis.
In woods frequent. % V.

J. foliis planis pilofis, umbella fupradecompofita

floribus fubfeffilibus. Hudf. Flor. Angl. 1^2. J.

pilofis var. ^\ Lin. ^p. pi. 468. {Moris, hiji. f. 8.

t. c). f. 2 ordinis fiperioris adfmijiram.)
Great hairy VVood-Rulh. Anglis.
In woods and fliady places •, on the banks of the

river at Rojlin, near Edinburgh., Dr. Farfons.

1{.V.

J. foliis planis pilofis, fpicis lefiilibus pedunculatif-
que. Sp. pi. 46S. {Moris, hifi. f. 8. t. g.f. ^, or-
dinis fi.pericrjs. Ger. Em. p. ij.f. 2.)

Hairy Pafture-Rulli. Anglis.

Frequent in dry paftures. '^. IV.

A variety gf this, with an erecl flalk, and compad

o-lobular

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 187

globular heads of flowers, often occurs in i-noorifh.
grounds, flow'ring a month later. {Moris, hijl.f.
8. /. 9./. prima ordinis fuperioris.)

iftcam 15. J. foliis planis, fpica racemofa nut^nte. Sp.pl. 469.
(Oed. Ban. t. 270, Fl. Lapp. i. 10. /. 4.)

Alpine Nodding-Rufh. ' Anglis.

Upon the fides of the highland mountjins, near
their fummits : upon Ben-na-fcree, on the North
fide of Loch-Urn., on the Weftern coaft of In-
vernefs/Ijire^ &c. n. VII.

The llalk bends in an arc towards the top, bearificr
at the extremity a clofe oblong fpike of flowers :
the leaves are fometimes a little hairy at the
bafe. It is very nearly related to the preceding
fpecies.

PEPLIS. Gen. pi 446.
'Perianth, campanulatum, ore li-iido. Petala 6,^
calyci inferta. Caps. 2-locularis.
p^iula I. PEPLIS floribus apetalis. Sp. pi. 474. {Oed. Dan.
t. 64. opt. Loejsl. Prujf. /. 20. Miehel gen. t. 18.
fig. Juperior. Vail. Paris, t. 15./. 5. Ger.Em. 614.
/.ii.)
Water Purflane. Anglis.
In places that have been overflowed in the Winter

not uncommon, o. VIII.
The ftalks are angular, an:, creep upon the ground:
the leaves grow in pairs, fmooth, vs^th long foot-
ftalks, but rounded at the extremity : the flov/ers
are fefllle in the alee of the leaves, and frequently
without any petals,

TRIGYNIA.

i8f HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

T R I G Y N I A.

RUxMEX. Gen. pi ^r^u
Cal, 3-'phyllus. Petala tria, conniventia. Sem. uni-
cum triqiietrum.
* Hermaphroditi. "jalvuUs granulo netaih.
^ijpus 1, RUMEX fioiibus hermaphrcditis, valvniis integris
graniferis, foliis lanceolatis undulatis acuris. Sp.
pi. 476. (Pet. herb, t. 2.f. 2.)
Curled Dock. Anglis.

By way-fides and near houfes frequent. %. VI. VII.
The lower leaves are oval and obtufe, the upper
ones lanceolate, all of them curl'd, or wav'd on
the edges : from the alfe of the leaves, and at
the top of the plant, grow loofe fpikes, the
younger ones thick, and not intermix'd with
leaves : the valves of the feeds are entire on the
edges, very large, and mark'd on their fides with
glands or yellow warts.

'.naritimus RUMEX floribus hermaphroditls, valvulls denta-
^'- tis grajniferi!-:, foliis linearibus. 6^. />/. 478. fP^i.

herb. t. 2./. 8. Bocc. muf. 2. p.. 142. /. 104.^
Golden Dock. Anglis.

On the fea-coaft in low wet places, but not com-
mon. 1;. VIII.

t.cutus 2. R. fioribus hermaphroditls, valvuJis dentatis gra-
niferis, foliis cordato-oblongis acuminatis. Sp.
p/. 478. {Ger. £»2.388./. I.;
Sharp-pointed Dock. Anglis. Copagacli. GauJis.

In

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. iSg

In moift deep foils under hedges and in paflures
frequent, if. VII.

The root is woody, thick, of a dark-brown color
without, and yellow within : the llalk four or
five {eet high : the leaves lanceolate, and in-
dented on the edges : the flowers grow in loofe,
naked fpikes, hermaphrodite and female often
intermlx'd.

A deco<a:ion of the root, taken internally, is re-
commended againft the fcurvy, and other cuta-
neous diforders.

R. floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis dentatis grani-
feris, foliis cordato-oblongis obtufiufculis crenu-
latis. Sp. pi. 478. (Ger. Em. 388./: 3, Pet. herb,
t. 2./. 9.)

Broad-leav'd Dock. Anglis.

By way-fidcs and wafle places frequent, if. VII.^
Dr. Par/ens.

The leaves are of an oblong, oval figure, a little
crifp'd on the edges, and emarginated about the
footftalks : the flowers grow in thick fpikes, un-
interrupted with leaves : the dents on the edges
of the valves are numerous, and nearly as long
as the diameter of the valves.

RUMEX floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis denta-
tis, fubunica granifera, foliis radicahbus pandu-
nformibus. Sp. pL 477. (Pet. kerb. t. 2. /. 10.
Moris hijl.f. 5. /. 27./ 13.)

Fiddle-Dock. Anglis.

Bv wav -fides in drv places. SibhalJ. '^. V],

The

j^o HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA;

The radical leaves have a deep finus in their edges
on each fide, and are befides a little crifp'd : the
ftalk ones are lanceolate : the branches are an-
gular and divaricated : the flowers grow in dif-
tant fefTile whirls : the valves are dentated^
with an obtufe apex -, the exterior one has a large
wart or grain, the other fcarcely any.

** Hermaphroditic valvulis granulo dejlitutis^f. nudis,

di^iiaticus 6 R. floribus hermaphroditis, valvulis integerrimis

nudisj foliis cordatis glabris acutis. Syjl. Nat.

^55' Sp' P^- 479- {^^^- herb. t. i. f. i. Ger, Em,

389./. I.)

Great Water Dock, Anzlis,

-In ditches and by river-fides. Sihhald. %. VH.

This may be readily known from the other Ipecies
by the fize of the leaves, which are a foot and a
half long, or more, of a lanceolate elliptic form,
cordated at tlie bafe^

The root in decodlion or effenee is efteem'd an ex-
cellent antifcorbutic, and pulveriz'd is reckon'd
a good dentifrice;

di^ynus 7. RUiMEX floribus hermaphroditis digynis. Sp. pi.
pL 480. (Oed. Dan. t, 14. opt. Moris, hifi.f. 5. ti
0^6. f. penultim. Pluk.t. is^- f- 2- '^^t. herb. t. 3.

/.4.)

Round-leav'd Mountain Sorrel. Anglis.

Sealbhag-nam-tiadh. Gaulis.

Upon rocks by the fides of rivulets, v/hich run
down from the liighland mountains, very fre-
quent : I obfcrv'd it iikewife in the iflands of
Rum and i^he ia the fame kind of places.

The

1

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 191

The leaves are kidney-fhapM : the calyx has only
two leaves : the Hower two petals, with fix fta-
mina, and two ftyles : the germen comprefs'd.

**^ Flor'ihus declinis,
aeeiofa 8. R. floribus dioicis, foliis oblongis fagittatis. Sp. pL
4i^i. (Ger. Em. 396./. i, Moris, biji. f. 5./ 28.
/. I. ordinis fiiperioris,)

Common Sorrel. Anglis. Sealbhag. Gaidis,^

In meadows and paftures. % . VI.

The leaves of the calyx in the male flowers are ob-
tufe j in iht female acuminated and reflex'd, and
wav'd on the margins.

The Laplanders boil a large quantity of the leaves
in water, and mix the juice, when cold, in the
milk of their rein-deers, which they efteem an
agreeable and wholefome food, and which will
keep in a cool place for a long while.

The leaves are an agreeable acid, and are reckoned
a good antifcorbutic.

acetofellaa. R. floribus dioicis, foliis lanceolato-haftatis. Sp.pl.
481. {Ger. Em. 397. /• 3- Moris, hiji.f. 5, /. 280
/. 1 1 y 12. Pet. herb. t. 3./. 2 ^ 3 J

Sheep's- Sorrel. Anglis.

In dry paftures frequent. 'U . V-VII.

TRIGLOCHIN. Gen. pi 453.

Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3icalyciformia. Stylus a
Caps, bafi aehifcens.
palujire i. TRIGLOCHIN capftilis trilocularibus fublineari-^

bus.

ic)z HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

bus. Sj).pl. 482. (Oed. Dan. f. 490. opt, Moris.

hiji.f. 8./. 2./. 18.;
Arrow-headed Grafs. Anglis.
In wet meadov^s and by the fides of ditches. %,

VIII.
Linnaus fays that cattle are very fond of this and

the following fpecies.

naritimuin T. capfulis fexlotiilaribus oVatis. Sp.pl. 483. (Oed
2. Dan, t. 306. optO

Sea-fpiked Grafs. Anglis.

Upon the fea-coafts frequent, if ; VII.

COLCHiCUM. Gen. pi. 457.
^patha. Cor, 6-partita, tubo radicato; Caps, ^coit"

nex3£, inflate.
COLCHICUM foliis planis lanceolatis ereftis. Sp.

pi. 485. {Ger. Em, 157./. i G? 2. Moris, hiji. f.

4. /. 3./. I. Pet. herb. t. 6y.f. 2.)
Meadow Saffron. Anglis.
In low meadows, but not common. I obferv'd it at

Alloa, about the feat of Mr. Erjkine. V-. iX.
The naked purple flowers appear in Autumn ; the

leaves and feed veflcls do not fuccced 'till the

following Spring.
The root is a folid bulb, cover'd with a yellow fl^in ;

on one fide of it is a furrow, from which arifes

the tube of the flower.
An oxymel, prepar*d from the roots, gathered in

the beginning of the Summer, and adminifter'd

in the quantity of fix drachms to a boy, and an

ounc-e

dutumnak
I.

HEXANDRIA POLYGYNlA. 19J

ounce and half to a man, by a drachm at a dofcj
three or four times a day, has, in ieveral in-
fiances, been found to cure the dropfy, but in
more has fail'd.

POLYGYNlA.

ALISMA. Gen. PL 460.
CaL 3-phylkis. Peinia 7. Sem. plura.
phm^go a- ALISMA foiiis ovatis acutis, Vrudibus obtufe tri-
^ ' ' gonis. Sp. pL 4S6. {Ger. Em. \^"].f. i.)

Great Water Plantain. Anglis.
On the banks of lakes frequent, as at Dudijlon-

Loch, ^c. n. VII. Dr. Pf.rfo s.
The leaves are large, fmooth, oval and pointed :
the ftaik erecfl: and naked : the flowers whitCj
and fmall in proportion to the plant, growing in
a large open panicle ; the branches verticillate.

ramnculoi- A. foliis lineari-lanceolatis, frudibus globofo-fquar-
des 2. rods. Sp. fl 487. {Ocd. Dan. t. \ii. opt Ger.

E',n. A^'i-f 3- P^^- ^J£^''^- i- 43-/- S-i
Leffer Water Plantain.
In chtches and bogs, but not common. I obferv^d

it in ditches and by the fides of lochs in th$

iHandof Jp.. ^. VII.

o cLassis

194 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

C L A S S I S VII.

HEPTANDRIA

MONOGYNIA,

TRIENTALIS. Cd. 7-phyllus. Cor, 7-partita,
plana. Bacca i-Iocularis, ficca.

MONOGYNIA.

TRIENTALIS. Gen. pi 461.
Cal 7-phyllus. Cor. 7-partita, xqualis, plana*
Bacca exfucca.
niYQpaa I. TRIENTALIS foliis lanceolatis integerrimis. Sp
pi. 488. (Oed. Dan. t. 84. opt. Baiih. Prod. 99.
Moris, hiji. f. 12. /. 10./. 6, crdinis inferioris.
Pet. herb. t. 62./. 3.)
Chickweed Winter-Green. Anglis.
On the fides of the highland mountains in inooriih
ground, as on Ben-Lomond, about a iViile of the
way up, &c. and in the Duke of At/joi's woods
at Blair abundantly, &c. V-. VI.
The flalk is fingle, and about live inches high,
terminated with five, fix or fcven oval pointed
leaves, from the centre of which arife on long
footftalks comn:iGnly two while (lorry flowers,
each confilling generally of feven oval and equal

petals.

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ^95

petals, fucceeded by a globular dry berry, co-
ver'd with a thin white rind, having one cell,
containing Teveral angular feeds.

O2 CLASSI3

196 O C T A N D R I A.

C L A S S I S VIII.

OCTANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores cowpleti.
EPILOBIUM. Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus, fu-

perus. Caps. 4-locularis. Sem. pappofa !
CHLORA. Cor. 8-fida. Cal. 8-phyllus, infcrus.

Caps. i-locLilaris, 2-valvis, polyfperma.
VACCINIUM. Cor. i-petala. Cal. 4 dcntatus, fu-

perus. Filament, rcceptaculi. Bacca.
ERICA. Cor. i-petala. Cal. 4-phyllus, inferus.
Filam. receptaculi. Capfula.

Monotropa Hypopithys,
•** Flores incompleti.
DAPHNE. Cal. 4-fidus, corollinus, squalls. Stam.
inclufa. Bacca pulpofa.

D I G Y N I A.

** Chlora perfoliata. Chryjofplsninm.

T R I G Y N I A.
POLYGONUM. Cor. o. Cal. 5-paititus. Sem. i.
nudum.

TETRAGYNIA.
ADOXA. Cor. 4-s. 5-fida, fupera. Cal 2-phyllus.
Bacca 4-s. 5-rperma.

PARIS.

OCrANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 197

PARIS. Cor. 4-petaIa, fubulata. CaJ. 4-phyllus.

MONOGYNIA.

EPILCBIUM. Gen, pi 471.
Cal. 4-fidus. Petala 4. Caps, oblonga, infera, Sem.
pappofa.
** Staminihus declinatis,
(ingujlifoli- EPILOBIUM foliis fparfis lineari-lanceolatis, fio-
j «.^ ^' ribus in?Equalibus, Sp. pi. 493. (Oed. Ban. t.

1 289 opt. Moris hijt. f. 3. /. 11./. i ordinis fu-

perioris ad dextram. Ger. Em. 477./. 7- P^^- ^^^^'
• /. 52./. lO.J

Rofebay Willow-herb. JngUs.
In woods and on rocks by the fides of mountains,
as in Coryton woods, and among the rocks to
the Eaft of the Kh k of Shots^ near Hamilton.
Dr. Parfons. And twenty miles Well: oi Sterling.,
near Loch-Lntnaig., by the road from I'iendrum,
Mr. Stuart. %. VII.
An infufion of the leaves of this plant has an in-
toxicating quality, as the inhabitants of Camt-
fchatfca have learnt, who likewifc eat the white
young (hoots, vhich creep under the ground,
and brew a fort of ale from the dry'd pith of it.
The down of the feeds has lately been manufac-
tured by mixing it with cotton or beavers hair.

** Staminihus eretlis regtilarihiis., petalis hifidis.
■ rfutum 2. E- foliis oppofitis lanceolatis ferratis decurrenti-am-

O 3 plexicaulibus.

19S: C-CTANDRIA M0NOGYNL4..

plexicaulibus. Lin. Sp pi. 494. ^Oed. Dan. k
326. cpL Ivlcris. hijl. f. 3. /. u /• 3. Ger. Em.
Al^'f' 6. Pet. herb. t. S'^-f- ii-)
Great hairy Willow-herb, or Codlings and Cream.

Anglis.
On the fides of ditches, rivers and lakes. %. VII.
«^' There is a variety of this, according to Linnaus^
much fmaller in all it's parts, with leaves a little
vmdulated on the edges, and the ftalks not nnuch
branched, which Hudfon, in his Flcr. Angl. con-
fiders as a diilinfl fpecies, and perhaps not iin-
juftly. See ?et. herb. /. 52./. 12.
Sma,ll-fi,ower'd hairy Willow-herb. Anglis.
By the fides of lakes, &c. 1;. VII.

'S^ntanmni EPILOBIUM foliis oppcfitis ovatis d?ntatis. 6^.
//. A9^. (Cer. Em, 478. /. 11. Pet. herb. t. 53.

Smooth- leav'd Willow-herb, Angus.

By uitch-fides and under hedgrs in a gravelly foil

iicquent. $ . VII.
The leaves are fharply ferrated, and generally

fmooth. except the nerves on the nnder fide,

which are flightly hairy : the flower is very little

bigger than the calyx.

Ulragcnv.ir. E. foliis lanceolatis centiculatis j imis oppofitis,
4* caule tetragono. .^^^. /•/. 494. 'Fig. nulla credenda)

Na row-leavM Willow-herb. Anglis.
On the banks of ditches, &:c. H. VII.
' .The leaves are fmooth and fefiile, flightly Indented

on

^..'f/^

J^rv^ i^nj^/A., ^^/.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 199

on the edges, and fomenimes intire : from their
bafe run two prominent lines down the flalk, fo
as to make it appear obtufely tetragonal : the
flower is about the fize of the calyx, and the
iLigma not quadrifid, but intire.

E. foliis oppofitis lanceolatis integerrimis, petalis
emarginatis caule ereclo. Sp. pi. 495. (Pel. herb,
t. 53. /. 4. & ejus zT.r. Ger. Em. ^j~;.f. 8. i^
Moris hift.f.'i /. 11./. 2. orainis f&cmdi.)

Marfli Willow-herb. Anglis.

Upon bogs and on the fides of lakes. 1;. Yl\,

The leaves are fiightly hauy, and generally intire
on the edges, but fometimes have a few dents ;
they commonly grow oppofite at the bafe of the
llalk, but frequently alternate at the top : the
ftalk is round, and the petals are but iiightly
emarginated.

EPILOBIUM foliis oppofitis ovato-lanceolatis in-
tegerrimis, filiquis lefrilibus, caule repente. S,p,
pL 495-. {0.£d. Dan. t. 322. (^ fig. nojf.)

Alpine Willow-herb. Anglis.

By the lides of the rivulets which run down tY,^
highland mountains in many places, as on Ben-
Lomoyid^ about two-thirds of the v/ay up, on
tlie mountains near Little-Loch-Broom., in Rofs-
fijire^ in landy places, and on feveral others. 1; .
VI. VII.

The ftalk is about three or four inches high, re-
clining at the bale, and even creeping at firft,

bu:

?oa OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

but afterwards growing eredb, and I caring only
one or two flowers at the top : the leaves and
filiqucr are quite Imooth j the latter four or five
times longer than the former,

CHLORA. Mantifi. Gen. ph Lin. 1258.

Cfll. 8-phyllus. Cor. i-petala, «-tida. Caps, i-lo-

cularis, 2-valvis, polyfperma,

isr/cliata i CHLORA foliis perfoliatis. Lin. Syjl. Nat. 267.
Gentiana perfoliata. Sp. pi. 335. Blackftonia
Iludf. Fi. An^. 146. {Ger. Em. 547./- 2. Moris.
hijL f. 5. /. 26. f. I 1^2. ordinis Jupcrioris ad
finiftram^ Jed viticfc qtioniam petal. Jegm. 5. tan-
titm. Barrel, icon. 515 i^. ^16 melior. Pet. lerb.

/. 55./. SO

Yellov/ perfoliate Centory. Anglis.

In mountainous pafturcs, but not common. O.
VII.

The leaves of this elegant plaiit are of a blueifli
f:recn, or glaucous color, vv'hich makes a beau-
tiful contrail with its bright yellow flarry flowers.
1: has two ftigmas and no ftyle.

VACCINiUM. Gen. pi. 483.

CaL fuperus. Cor. i-petala. Filarnenta rcceptaculo

inferta. Bacca 4-locularis polyfperma.

■•■ Fcliis annotinis feu deciduis.

VACCINIUM pedunculis un^floris, foliis ferratis

Gvatis deciduis, caule angulato. Sp.pl. 49S. {Ger.

I'M. 141 5- /• !•)

Black-

-yriilrus u

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 201

Black-Whorts, \Yhorde-Bernes, or Billberries.
Anglis.

Lus-nan-dearc. Gaiilis.

In woods and on heaths abundantly, t? - V.

The flowers frequently vary with five fegments at
the rim, and with ten llamina.

The berries when ripe are of a biueilh bJack color,
but a fingular variety, with white berries, was
difcoveied by his Grace the Duke of Athol^
growing in the v;oods about the mid- way be-
tv/een his two feats of Bunkeld and Blair.

The berries have an aftringent quality. In Arran
and the Weftern iOes they are given in diarrha^as
and dyfenteries with good effedl.

The Highla'dders ivit^\vKvx\y eat them in milk, which
is a cooling agreeable food, and fometimes they
make them into tarts and jellies, which lad they
mix with Whijkey to give it a rclifh to flrangers.

They dye a violet color, but it requires to be fix'd
with alum. The grous feed upon them in the
Autumn.

VACCINIUM pedunculis uniflorls, foliis integer-
rimis ovalibus obtufis 'liEvibus. ^yjl. Nat. 16-],
Sp. pi. 499. (Osd. Dan. L 231. opL Ger. Em.

The great Billberry-BuHi. A?iglis.

Dearca roide. Gaulis

It is found in low moifl grounds, and ahnoft at
the fummits of the highland mountains, as up-
on Creg-Ckailleacb in Breadalbane^ upon the

higher

262 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

higher hills about Loch-Ranncch in Athol^ upon
the mountains of Rofs-JIm-e^ about Lech-Broom^
and Invernefs-Jhire about Loch-Urn^ &c. and in
the low boggy grounds of the ifland of Alull,
and near the Duke of Argyle's.^ at Inverary^ *cc.

h . y.

The leaves are full of vein?, fmooth and ciiaucous,
efpecially on the under fide : the oerries ar:^ eat-
able, but not ih much eileem'd as the preceding,
as they are apt, if eaten in any quantity, to give
the head-ach.

** Foliis fcinpewirentihus.

\\i\zidaa 3 VACCINIUM racemis terminalibus nutantibus,
foliis obovatis revolutis inte'gerrimis fubtus punc-
tatis. Sp. jil. 500. (Oed. Dan. t. 40. opt, Ger.
Em. \j^\^.f. 2.)

Red Whortle-Berries. Jnglis.

Liis-nam-braoileag. GauILr.

In dry places in heaths, woods, and on mountains,
very frequent. T? . V.

The berries have an acid cooling quality, ufeful
to quench the thirft in fevers. The Siuedes are
very fond of them made into the form of a rob
or jelly, which they eat with their meat as an
agreeable acid, proper to corred: the animal al-
^ call.

c.xyca^cos 4

V. foliis integerrimis revolutis ovatis, caulibus re-
pentibus filiformibus nudis. Sp. pi. 50Q. {O^d,
Dan. t. So. o^t. Ger. Em. 41 9 J

Cran-berries,

via: ens I,

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 203.

Cran-berries, Mo's-berries, or Moor-berries. Anglis,

Muikag. Gau'is.

On peat-bogs in the lowlands frequent, but not fo
common in the highlands. T? . VI.

The (talks are long, (lender, woody, weak and
trailing : the leaves are ftlff, acutely oval, glou-
cous underneatli, their edges turn'd back, and
grow alternate : two or t:iree flowers grow iingly
on long red footilalks out of the extremity of
the branches : the flov/ers are red, divided deeply
into four acute fegments, v^hich are reflex'd
quite backwards : the filaments are downy, the
anthen-e ferrugineous, and longer than the fila-
ments : the berries red, and about the fize of
the hawthorn berries.

At LongiGZon, oa the borders of CmnherJa}fd, they
are made fo confiderabie an article of comanerce,
that at the feafon when they are ripe, not lefs
than 20 or 30 pounds worth are fold by the poor
people each market day for five or fix weeks to-
gether, which are afterwards difpers'd over dif-
ferent parts of the kingdom, for makino- the
well-known cranberry-tarts. .

KRICA. Gen. pi. 484.
Cell. 4-phyllus. Cor. 4--fida, Filamenta receptaculo

inferta. Anther ^e bifidse. Caps. 4-locularis.

ERICA antheris bicornibus inclufis, corollis ina^-

qualibus campanulatis mediocribus, foliis oppo-

fitis fagittatis. ^).pl. 501. {Gcr. Em. 1380./. i.)

Common Heath, or Ling. Anglis. Hather. Scotis.

Fraach.

2C4 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Fraoch. Gciulis.

In barren uncultivated foils and woods abundantly.
T?. Vl-VIII.

Tiic leaves are tetragonal, and grow in four imbri
cated feries i the uppermoft have angles at tb
bafc like the barbs of an arrow : the flower:
grow in a thick fpike on one fide of the ftaik.
each fubtended by a faiall bracftea : the calyx re-
mains after the flower fades, and clofes over the
capfule for its lecurity.

It varies fumetimes with hoary leaves.

inerca 2, E- antheris bicornibus inclufis, coroliis ovatis race-
mofis, foliis ternis glabris linearibus. ^S^. pi. 501.
{Oed. Ban. t. 3S. c"^:. Ger. Em. i^Sz.f. 7.)

Fine-leav'd Heath. AnzHs. Flather. Scoth.

Fraoch. Gaulis.

In uncultivated foils and woods the nnoft common
of allpiants. T? . VII-VIII.

Fleath or Hather 13 apply'd to many ceconomical
purpoft-s a.nongu ihc HighlanS.ers : they fre-
quently cover their houfes with it inlfead of
thatch, or elfe t vvifl it into ropes, and bind down
the that'^h wirii them in a kind of lattice-v/ork :
in n:icft of the Wellern ifle. they dye their yarn
of a yellow color, by boihng it in water with
the green tops and flowers of this plant : in ^um^
Skye, and the Long-Ijlwd, they frequently tan
their i-ather in a Itrong decoction of it ; for-
merly the young tops are laid to liave been ufed
alone to brew a kind of ale, and even now I was

inform'd

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 205

inform'd that the inhabitants of IJla and Jura
flill continue to brew a very potable liquor by
mixing two-thirds of the tops of hather to one-
third of malt. This is not the only refrefliment
that hather affords : the hardy Highlanders fre-
quently make their beds with it, laying the roots
downwards, and the tops upwards ; which, tho*
not quite fo foft and luxurious as beds of down
are altogetlier as refrelliing to thofe who deep
on them, and perhaps much more healthy.

ERICA antheris bicornibus inclufis, corollis fub-
globofis aggregatis folio longioribus, foliis qua-
ternis ciliatis patentibus. Syfi. Nat. 269. Sp. pL
502. (Oed. Dan. t. 81. Ger, Em. 1381./. 4.)

Crofs-leav'd Heath. Anglis.

In mooriHi grounds very frequent, h . VII. VIII.

DAPHNE. G&n. pL 485.
Cal. o, Cor. 4-fida, coiollacea, marcefcens, ftamina

includens. Bacca i-fperma.
DAPHNE racemis axillaribus quinquefioris foliis
lanceolari'v glabns. Syft. Nat. 272. Sp. pi. 510.
{Ger. Em. 1404.)
Spurge Laurel. Jnglis.
Upon the banks of the river at Rojlin. Dr. Parfons.

h . HI. IV,
The whole plant is flexible : the leaves evergreen,
and crouded at the fummits of the branches : the
fiov/ers are greenilh : the antherce yellow : the
bernes black when ripe.

It.

5to6 bCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

It is extremely acrid and cauftic, and therefore
rarely ufed in the prefent pradtice,

TRIGYNIA.

POLYGONUM. Gen. pi 495.
Cal. o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina, Sem. i, angii-
latum,
^' Biftortse fpica tinica.
h'ljlojta I. POLYGONUM caule fimpliciffimo monoftachyo,
foliis ovatis in petiolum decurrentibus. Sp. pi.
516. [Oed. Dan, t. 421. Miller, icon. 66. Ger.
Em. 399. /. 1.)
The greater Biftort, or Snal^eweed. Anglis.
In moid meadows, but not common. I obferv'd

it about Inverary. '^. VII.
The root has an acid auftere tafte, and is a power-
ful aftringent : the leaves are by fome boil'd in
the Spring, and eaten as greens.

viviparum POLYGONUM caule fimpliciffimo moncftachyo, .
2. foliis lanceolatis. Sp. -pi. 516. {Oed. Dan. t. 13.

opt. Ger. Em. 399./. 2- PIukeneL t. ^S^-f- 2.)
Small Biftort, or Snakeweed. Anglis. " \

In dry ftony paftures by the fides of mountains \
not unfrcquent, as about the pafs of liillicranky^
near Blai?'^ on th6 fides of the mountains about
Loch Rannoch in Perthjhire., Loch-Urn in In'ver-
7iefs-Jhire., &c. and on Ben-huardal, in Strath., in
theifleof Skye. %. VI.
The lowermoft flowers of the fpike generally put

OJl

ampbiJ/ium
3-

OCTANDRIA TRiGYNIA. 267

on the appearance of little red bulbs, which
fometimes germinate upon the ftalk.
The inhabitants of Camtfchatca^ and fometimes the
Norwegians^ when prefs'd with hunger, feed up-
on the roots of this plant.

** Perficaria ^//?//^ hijido^ ant jlamina minus 8.

P. floribus pentandris femidigynis, fpica ovata,
Syji. Nat. 275. Sp.pl. 517. {Oed. Dan. t. 282.
opt. Moris, hijt.f. 5. /. 29./. 2. ordinis fuperioris
ad dextram. Pet. herb. t. 3;/. 12. J

Perennial Arlmart. AngUs.

In ponds, lakes, and wet ground. % . Vlf.

"When it grows in the water the (lamina are fhorter
than the flower, when upon land longer than
the flower, with two difl:ind fliyles.

ferficaria 4 P. floribus hexandris, digynis ; fpicis ovato ob-
longis, foliis lanceolatis, ilipulis ciliatis. Sp. pL
518- {Ger. Em. 4.45./. 2. Moris, hifi. f. 5. /. 29.
/. 2. ordinis fecundi. Pet. herb. t. 3./. 7 J

Dead or Spotted Arfmart. Anglis.

In moid ground and wafl:e places frequent. o»
VIII.

The nerves of the leaves on the under fide are
hairy. A decodtion of the plant with alum
dyes a yellow color.

Jhydropiper POLYGONUM floribus hexandris femidigynis,
5. foliis lanceolatis, ftjpulis fubmuticis. Sp.pL ^ly.

{Ger. Em. 445. /. i. Moris, hifi.f. 5, t. t. 29./,
6, Pet. herb. t.T^.f. 5,)

^Yalxr

2oS OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

Water Pepper cr Arfmart. Jnglis.

By the fides of ditches and lakes. Dr. Farfins &

Sibhald. G.VIir.
The leaves are quite fmooth, without fpots, acrid

and biting to the tafte : the fpikes Qender and

nodding : the flowers feffile and thinly fet.
It is a diuretic, but feldom ufed. A decodion of

it dyes a yellow color.

*** Polygona/(?//Vj uidrcifis, flcrihus oclandris.

aviculare 6 P. floribus o6landris trigynis axillaribus, foliis lan-
ceolatis, caule procumbente herbaceo. Sp. pi. 5\c)>.
{Ger. Em, 561./. i. Pet. herb, t. 10. f. i.)

Knot-Grafs. Anglis.

By way-fides common. O. VI. IX.

The fmall birds are extremely fond of the feeds of
this plant.

It varies much in the fhape of the leaves, they are
generally lanceolate, but frequently oval, and
fometimes almoft round.

Upon the fandy Iliores on the Weftern coaft of
Cantire I o.bferv'd a fingular variety, with very
large oval and thick leaves, approaching nearly
to the P. maritiniuni^ but was not perennial.

**** HELXINE foliis fuhcordatis.

convokidis POLYGONUM foliis cordatis, caule volubili an*

7. gulato, floribus obtufatis. Syjf. Nat. 2j6. Sp.

_^/. 5/2. {Ger. Em. 863./. 5. Moris, hift. f. 5. /.

29./. 2. ordinis fupcricris adfinifirc.m. Pet. herb.

t. 2. f. 12.)

Black

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 209

Black Bindweed. Anglis,

In corn-fields and near the fea-coafts frequent, o.
VII. VIII.

TETRAGYNIA.

PARIS. Gen. fl 500.

Cal. 4-phyllus. Petala 4, anguftiora, Bacca 4-I0-
cularis.

PARIS. Sp. pi. 526. (Oed. Dan. t. 139. opt. Ger.
Em. 405. /. I. Pet. herb. t. 44. /. 8 )

Herb Paris, True-love, or One-berry. Anglis.

In a wood about a mile to the South of Newbottk^
near Dalkeith. Dr. Parfons. And in the Den
of Bethaick, four miles from Perth, if. V.

It is readily known by having four oval, feflilc
leaves, growing verticillate at the top of the
llalk, with a fingle greenifh flower in the centre
of them, fucceeded by a black berry.

ADOXA Gen. pi 501.

Cal bifidus, inferus. Cor, 4-s. 5-fida, fupera.
Bacca 4-s. 5-locularis, calyce coalita.
ofchateili' ADOXA. Sp.pl, 527. (Oed. Dan, t. 94. opt. Moris.
na I. hiji.f. 4. t. i%.f, 14. Ger.Em. 1091./. 10.)

Tuberous Mofchatel. Anglis.
In woods and fhady places in a loofe foil, but noE
very comm.on : in the Hermitage. Dr. Parfons.
Mr. Stuart found it near the top of Creg-Chail-
lech., a hill lying between liillin and Glen-Lyon,
in Breadalbane* % . V.

P The

210 OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

The root is fiiifoi m and I'caly : the ftalk Tingle, an-
gular^ ..nd four or five inches high : the radical
leavv-*^ are about foui in number, branched into
doucly ternate divilions : the foliola fmooth and
divided generally into three lobes •, their foot'-
Halks channel'd : two fimply ternate leaves grow
cppofite to each other above the middle of the
ftalk : the peduncle is quadrangular, naked,
and terminates the ftalk, on the fummir of which
grows a cubical clufter of five green flowers,
with yellow antheras •, the uppermoft of which
f^ov/ers is quadrifid, the lateral ones quinquefid :
the berries are green, the calyx and corolla re-
maining on them.

CLASSIS

E N N E A N D R I A. 211

C L A S S I S IX.

ENNEANDRIA

HEXAGYNIA.

BUTOMUS. Cat. o. Cor. 6-petala. Cap. 6, po-
lylpermse.

HEXAGYNIA.

BUTOMUS. Gen. VI 507.
Col, o. Fetala 6, Caps. 6, polyfpermse.
mhellatusi BUTOMUS. Sp. pi. 532. {Moris, hijl.f. 12. /. 5.
/. penult. Ger. Em, 29. /. 2.)
Flowering-Rufh, or Water-Gladiole. Jnglis.
In ditches and ponds, but not common. %. VII.
The leaves are radical, triangular, and fword-
fhap'd : the ftalic ere6t, round, naked, and five
feet high, terminated with an umbel of red
flowers, each confifting of fix oval petals.

P 2 CLASSIS

212 D E C A N D R I A.

C L A S S I S X.

DECANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores polypetali aquales.
MONOTROPA. Cal. corollinus, bafi gibbus.

Caps. 5-locularis, polyfperma.
PYROLA. j^nther^^ {urlum bicornes. Cap. 5-I0-
cularis, polyfperma.

* Gerania.

** Flores monopetali aquales.

ANDROMEDA. Cor. campanulata, rotundata.

Caps. 5-locularis.
ARBUTUS. Cor. ovata, bafi diaphana. Bacca 5-
locularis.

* Vaccinia nonulla.

D I G Y N I A.
SCLERANTHUS. Cor. nulla. Cal. 5-fidus, fu-

perus. Sem. 2.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Cor. nulla. Cal. fuperus.

Caps. 2-locularis, 2-roftris.
SAXIFRAGA. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-partitus.

Caps, i-locularls, 2-roilris.
DIANTHUS. Cor. 5-pctala. Cal. tubulofus, bafi-

Iquamofus. Caps, i-locular. oblonga.

T^IGYNIA.

D E C A N D R I A. 213

T R I G Y N I A.

ARENARTA. Caps, i-locularis. Petala Integra

patentia.
STELLARIA. [Caps, i-locularis. Pet. bipartita,

patentia.
CUCUBALUS. Caps. 3-lociilaris. Pet. bifida,

fauce nuda.
SILENE. Caps. 3-Iociilaris, Pet. bifida fauce co-

ronata.
CHERLERIA. Caps. 3-locularis. Ne5far. peta-

loidea calyce minora,

PENTAGYNIA.

COTYLEDON. Caps, 5 ad nedaria. Cor. i -pe-
tala.

SEDUM. Caps. 5 ad neftaria. Cor. i -petala.

SPERGULA. Caps, i-locularis. Peiala inteo-ra.
Cal. 5-phyllus.

CERASTIUM. Caps, i-locularis. Petala hi^da.

Cal. 5-phyllLis.
AGROSTEMMA. Caps. i-Iocularis, oblonga.

Cal. tubulous, coriaceus.
LYCHNIS. Caps. 3-lociilaris, oblonga. Cal. tu-

bulofus, membranaceus.
OXALIS. Caps, 5 locularis, angulata. Cor. bafi

fubcohoerens.

* Adoxa,
Gerania.

P 3 MONOGYNL'^.

214 DECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.

MONOGYNIA.

MONOTROPA. Gen. PL 536.
Cal. o. Petala 10, horum 5 exteriora bafi excavato-
mellifera. Caps. 5-valvis. ^mta pars niimeri qui^
hufdam excluditur.
hypopithp MONOTROPA Borlbus lateralibus oaandris, ter-
'• minali decandro. 6"^. pi. ^^^. {Oed. Ban. t. it^i*

opt. Moris, hiji.f. \i.t. 16. f. i^- ordinis inferioris.
Plukenet. t. 209./. 5.}
Primrofe-fcented Hypopithys. Jngh's.
In beach and fir-woods, where the ground is dry,
and bare underneath, but not common. 'U-. VH.
The radical fibres adhere to the roots of the trees
under which it grows : the flalk is about five
inches high, having no other leaves than oval
fcales, and terminated with a nodding fpike of
flowers, which in the feeding flate becomes
creft : the whole plant is of a pale yellow color,
fmelling lii:c the primrofe, or like beans in
blolTom.

ANDROMEDA. Gen. pi. 549.
Cal. 5-partitus. Ccr. ovata, ore 5-fido. Caps. 5-I0-

cularis.
ANDROMEDA pedunculis aggregatls, coroUis
ovatis, foliis alternis lanceolatis revolutis. Sp.
pi. 564. {Oed. Dan. t. 54. opt. Flor. happen, t.
i.f. 2, Plukenet. t. I'^B-f- i-)
Marlh Andromeda, or Marfh Rofemary, Anglis.

In

'VolifoUa I.

DECANDPIA MONOGYNIA. 215

In peat-bogs in the Lowlands not unfrequent, and
abundantly upon Solivay-Mofs^ on the borders
of the two kingdoms, "b . V. & IX.
This elegant little fhrub is about fix or eight inches
high» erecl and branched : the leaves are feli-Ie,
elliptical, rigid, their edges turn'd back, green
on the upper fide, glaucous underneath ; the
peduncles are of a bright red color, and arife
from the fummits of the branches, each fup-
porting one fingle oval flower, of a pink color,
with a red calyx,

ARBUTUS. Gen. pi. 552.

Cat. 5-partitus. Ccr. ovata, ore bafi pellucida.
Bacca 5-locularis.

ARBUTUS caulibus procumbentibus, follis ru-
gofis ferratis. Sp.pl s^6. {Oed. Dan. t. 73. Cyer,
Em. 14 1 6. /. 4. Csr f.g. nojlra.)

Alpine Arbutus. Anglis.

Upon many of the highland niountains in dry bar-
ren places, particularly on thole to the South of
Little Loch Broom., in Rofs-jhire., and thoie in the
way between Loch-Broom and Loch-May i abun-
dantly, &c. I found it likewife upon a moun-
tain call'd Ben-na-grion, in Strath., in the iile of
Skye^ two miles above M'Kennon's Calile. }? . V.

The branches of this llirub trail fiat upon the
ground, two or three feet round the root, having
a brown deciduous bark : the leaves grow al-
ternate, of a long oval form, gradually dimi-
niflfing towards the bafe into a footftalk j they

2i6 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

are wrinkled on the upper fide thro' the depref-
fion of the veins, and reticulated underneath by
their prominency -, their edges are flightly fer-
rated, and their footftalks have a few ftraggling
hairs: the flowers grow in reflexed clufters at
the fummits of the branches, each {landing {in-
gle upon {liort peduncles : they are of an oval-
conical form, and white color, the rim divided
into five {hort, obtufe, reflexed fegments : the
\ berries are globular, fmooth, with a deprefs'd

umbilicus, black when ripe, and of the fize of
a floe, having five cells containing five feeds,
their tafle fomething refernbling that of black
currants.

'iva urfi 2i ARBUTUS caulibus procumbentibus, foliis inte-
gerrimis. Sp. pi. ^66. {Oed. Dan. t. 33. Ger. Em.
1416./. 5. Flor, Lapp. t. 6. /. 3. ^ fig noji.)

Bear-berries, Bear-whortle-berries. AngUs.

Braoileaga-nan-con. Gaulis.

Upon dry, heathy, mountainous and rocky places,
throughout the Highlands and Wefiern Ifies : it is
fo common a plant that it is almofl needlefs to
fpecify places. It abounds however at Dunkeld
and Blair, the feats of the Duke of Jlhol, in
Perlhfijire.

To remove miflakes I mufl: here obferve, that this
is the plant mentioned in Rays Synopfis, p. 458, ,
as found by Mr. Lbzvyd, growing plentifully for
fome miles together in that end of the ifland of
Mull next to T'Columb-kill ; and not the AR-
BUTUS

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 217

BUTUS alpina, as I found by fearching the
identical fpot where the firft grows in the greateit
plenty, but not a fingle plant of the latter is to
be feen. T? . V.
The branches of this flirub trail upon the ground
two or three feet round the root, or more : the
leaves grow alternate, are bluntly oval, intirc
•on the edges, finely reticulated underneath, firm
and evergreen : the flowers grow at the extremi-
ties of the branches in fmall clufters, each fup-
ported by a fhort red footftalk : they are of an
oval-conical figure, fielh-color'd, and divided
into five obtufe, refiex'd fegments at the rim-
the berries are round, with a deprefs'd umbilicus
fmooth and glofTy, red when ripe, and of the
fize of a holly-berry, replete with an auftere
mealy pulp, in which are five cells, containing-
five angular feeds. It may readily be diftin^
guifiied from the VACCINIUM vitis id^a by
it's trailing branches, and leaves not dotted, but
reticulated underneath.

It is found in England as well as Scotland. I faw
great abundance of it growing at the top of a
wood call'd Eaji-Ccmmon-Wood, belono-inp ^q
the Duke of Porliand, about a "mile from Hex-
ham, in Nortbumherla7id.

The powder of the leaves taken fix or eight morn-
ings in the quantity of half a drachm was not
long fince a celebrated medicine for the ftone
and gravel, but it is at prefent out of repute.

The whole plant is however found to be very fer-

viceable.

2i8 DECANDRIA MONOGYFIA,

viceable, by means of it's aftringent quality, in
tanning of leather : and the berries are a food
for grous and other game.

PYROLA. Gen. PL 554.
Cdl. 5-partitus. Pelala 5. Caps. 5-lociilaris, an-
guljs dehifcens.
rcrnndifolia PYROLA ftaminibiis afcendentibus, piitillo de-
^' clinato. Sp. pL 567. (Oed. Dan. t. 110. opt.

Moris, hijl. f. 12. /. 10./. i. crdinis fecundi. ^er
Em. 40 B./. \.)
Common Winter-green, jlnglis.
In dry woods not unirequent, and fomctimes upon
heaths. In the woods at Aucbendenny, and on
the banks of the Clyde, between the celebrated
falls of Corus-Lyn, and Bonnatyne, near Lanerk^
and in the woods at Blaii\ in Athol, &c. and up- -
on the heatr.s above punkeld, amongfl: the ARB.
iiva urfi. &c. %. VJl.

'g.i.Hor 2. PYROLA fioribus racemofis difperfis, ftaminibus
piftillifqi reft;^. Sp. pL s^J- {Oed. Dajt. /. !^^,.
opt.)

Lefl'er Winter-green. Anglis.

in ilfady birch woods among the mofs. I obferv'd
it in the ide of Skye, in a wood on the fide of
Ben-nci-GrioTi, near M'KcnnoyCs Cajlley in Strath^
and in a wood call'd Ca-huch., facing the houl'e
of Mr. M'Kcuzie^ of Dundo?7ald, near Lilde-
Loch-Broom, in Rcfs-JIoire, and in the woods
aboui Lock'Rcinnoch. in Pcithpire^ &:r. %. VII.

It

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 219

It is extremely like the preceding, but may readily
be diflinguifhed by the ftamina and ftyle grow-
ing ered. The ftalk is triangular in both fpecies.

J'scunda 3. P. racemo unilaterali. Sp. pi. c^6j. (Oed. Br.n. t.
402. opt. Moris, hiji. f. 12. /. 10./, j^, crdinis
infer ioris. Ger, Em. 408./. 2.)
Dented-leav'd Winter-Green, Anzlh.

o

In fhady birch woods among the mofs with the pre-
ceding, near Utile -Loch-Brccn, in Rofs-fiire,
and about Loch-Mari^ in the lame county, and
in the birch-woods of T'rofchraig^ Craig-Ioijgt,
and Coille-mhor, about Loch-Ramioch^ in Pertb-
Jhire, where all three fpecies are found, li. Y\l.

The leaves are elliptical, acute and ierrated : tiie
flowers grow all on one fide of the flaik : the an-
thers Hand out beyond the rim of the corojla,
and the lligma beyond the anthera?.

AU the pyrola^ are ailringent and vulnerary, but
are rarely ufed in the prefent pradice.

DIGYNIA.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Gen. pi. ss^-
Cal. 4-s. 5-fidus, coloratus. Cor, o. Caps. 2-roftrii
j-iocularis, polyfperma.
Aitermfoli- CHRYSOSPLENIUM foliis alternis. Sp.pl. ^6q^
COed. Dan. t. ^66. opt. Moris, kift.f. 12. t. S.f.
^.Pet. herb. t.G.f.io.)
Alternate-leav'd Golden Saxifrage. Anglis.
By the fides of fountains and rivulets, but not

common.

wn I

220 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

common. I obferv'd it at the foot of fome high
moiil rocks in the Duke of ArgyWs park at
Rofenath, growing with the C. oppofttifoiium,
and Dr. Parfons found it by the ditches in the
woods zx. Meavis-Bank^ near Dalkeith. "U. IV. V.

The firft or primary flower is quinquefid, and has
JO llamina •, the others are quadrifid, and have
only eight, vid. Philofoph, Eotan. p. i2j. n. 178.

The ftalk is pellucid, fucculent, and brancht;d to-
wards the top : the leaves kidney Ihap'd, ere-
nated, thinly hairy, and grow alternate on long
foctftalks : the branches are dichotomous : the
fiOvvers grow in a flat feflile umbel, yellow and
fhining: the feeds are black when npe.

»ppo/!iifcli- CHRYSOSPLENIUM folii- oppofitis. Sp.pl s6g.
am 2. (Oed. Dan. t. 365. opt. Moris, hiji.f. 12, /. 8./.

7. Gcr. Em. 841./. 2. Pet. herb. t. 6./* 9.)
Common Golden Saxifrage. Anglis.
By the fides of fountains and rivulets in iliady

places frequent, li. IV. V^.
It is extremely like the preceding, but the leaves
grow oppoiite, and are fmaller.

SAXIFRAGA. Gen. PL SS9'
Ciil. 5-partitus. Cor 5-petala. Caps. 2-roflris, i-
locularis, polyfpcrma.
* Foliis indivijis^ catile Juhnudo.
Jtelkris i. SAXlFRx\GA foliis fcrratis, caule nudo ranioib,
petalis acuminatis. Sp. pi. 572. {Oed. Dan. t. 23.
opt. Scopoli Flor. Ciirniol. t. 13. n. 492. bona.

Moris,

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 221

Moris, hifi.f. 12. /. 9./. 13. Pluknet.t. r^Z.f, 2.
^ t. 222./. .\.)

Starry Saxitrage, or Hairy Kidney wort. Ayiglis.

Upon the fides ct rivulets, and upon moift rocks
near the fummits of the highland mountains,
very common. It gi-ows upon Ben- Lomond, from
about halfway up quite to the fummit ; and
the fame very nearly of mofl other high moun-
tains. "U. VII.

The leaves are elliptical, or bluntly oval, intire at
the lower part of their edges, but have gene-
rally five or (even dents about their extremities.
They grow in tufts, and are commonly hairy ;
from the centre of each tuft arifes one naked
ftalk, branched towards the top : tie fegments
of the calyx are reflex'd : the petals vvhite, and
acute, with two yellow fpots at their bafe : the
antherse are red : the germen flefn-color'd.

SAXIFRAGA foliis obovatis crenatis fubfefTillbus,
caule nudo, floribus congeflis. Sp.pl. 5^7 3. [Oed.
Dan. t. 28. Raj. Syn. p. 358. /. 16. f. i. magna,
vid.Jjg. no/h)

Clufcer flower'd Alpine Saxifrage. Anglis.

Upon the fummits of the highland mountains, bun
not common Upon the Eail fide of Craig-
chailleach, above Finlajrg^ in Breadalbane. Mr,
Stuart. %. VI. Vir.

The leaves are red underneath, and at their tips;
the ftalk is about three inches/red and hair)%
fometimes a little br^nch'd, fometimes not at

all:

222 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

all ; the flowers grow in clufters, fmall, of s^
white or pale red color, with red piftils.

*•'■ Foil is indivijis^ c aid e folio fo.

cppofitifo- S. foliis caulinis ovatis oppoutis fubimbricatis j
^^^ 3- lummis ciiiatis. Sp. pi. 575. {Oed. Dan. t. 34,

Moris, hifi. f. 12. /. 10./. 36. Flor. Lappon. t,
2./. i.Tct. herh.t. 61,/. 9.;

Mountain heath-like Saxifrage. Anglis.

Upon the rocks of the highland mountains fre-
quent, as upon Ben-Lomond.^ &:c. &c. and upon
the mountains in the iflands of Rum and ^kye.
%,Y.

The ftalks are numerous, weak, and filiforme,
trailing upon and hanging over the edges of the
rocks : the leaves are oval, ftiff, and ciliated,
growing oppofite to each other, feflile, and im-
bricated quadrangularly : the ftalks are termi-
nated each with a fmgle feflile flower, of a bright
purple color, turning blue as it goes ofi^, having
a ciliated calyx. It makes an elegant appear-
ance when in flower.

autu?n?ialis S. foUis caulinis linearibus alternis ciiiatis, radica-
4- libus aggregatis. Sp.pl. 575. (Oed. Dan. t. 72.

cpt. Scopol. Plot: CarnioL t. 14. n. 493. hoyia.
Moris, hijl.f. 12. /^. 6./. 3. ordinis fecundi ad dex-
tram. Pel. herb. t. 61./. 10. Ger. Em. 516./. 2.)
Yellow Autumnal Saxifrage. Anglis.
Upon moid rocks, and by the fides of rills amongfl:
the highlarid mountains abundantly. It fre-
quently

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 223

quently grows by road-fides, even at the foot
of them, as at the pafs of KilUcranky^ near
^lair, &c. -n. VII. VIII.
The root throws out feveral trailing furculi : the
llalks are fix or eight inches high, reclining at
the bafe : the leaves are of a narrow elliptical
form, acute, fefTile, alternate, and generally a
little ciliated on the edges, though fometimes
fmooth : the flowers grow at the top of the ftalk,
one or two upon a peduncle, in number from
four to ten, or a dozen : the petals are elliptical,,
yellow, generally dotted with faffron-color'd
fpots, and grow expanded and plane : the feo--
ments of the calyx are of the fame length as the
petals, and grow open and flat.
That this is the fame plant which Linmeus calls
Saxifraga aizoides, growing in Sweden and Lap-
land, there can be no doubt, from the defcrip-
tions and figures of authors : we chufe therefore,
with Jacquin and Haller, to confider them both
as ° one fpecies, and adopt the trivial nam.e of
autumnalis as well fuited to both. The plant
growing upon Knotsford moor, in Chejhire, men-
tioned by Ray and Hudfon, and fuppofed by the
latter to be the S. dutumnalis^ of Lin}2£us, we
have feen, and found to be the S. hirculus of
that author, figur'd in Oed. Dan. t. 200. is! tlalL
Stirp. Helvet. vol. I. p. 140. t. ii.

*** Foliis hhatis, caule ereclo.

SAXIFRAGA foliis caulinis reniformibus lobatis,

cauk

224 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

caule ramofo, radice granulata. Sp. pi. 57^.
(Oed. Dan. t. 514. Moris, hiji. f. 12. /. 9./. 2j^
Ger. Em. 841./. i.)

White Saxifrage. Jnglis.

About Salijhury-Craigs, and the hills in the King^s
Park. Dr. Parfons. And plentifully upon the
banks of the Clyde, at Corus-Lyn^ near Lanerk,
&c. 1;. V.

The root confiils of a duller of tubercles, inter-
mixed with fibres : the leaves are a little hairy,
the radical ones {landing on long footftalks : the
llalk is a foot or eighteen inches high : the pe-
duncles and calyx are a little hairy and vifcid :
the petals are large, bluntly oval, white, and
finely ftreak'd with green veins.

trida^yUtes SAXIFRAGA foliis caulinis cuneiformibus trifidis
"• akernis, caule ereflo ramofo. Sp.pl. 578. {Moris.

hiJi. f. 12. /. 9./. 31. opt. Ger. Em. 624./. 2,
Pet. herb. t. 61. f. 8.)

Rue-leav'd Whitlow-grafs, or Saxifrage. Anglis.

Upon rocks and walls, but rare. Sibbald. O . IV.

The ilalk grov/s from one to foUr inches high,
erect, branched, red and vifcous : the radical
leaves have long footftalks ; thofe on tlie (talk
are nearly feflile : the peduncles arife from the
al£e of the leaves, generally bearing one flower,
fmall and white.

***» Foliis lobatis, caulibus proctmbentibus.

h'^f^nr-'idrt *7 S. foliis caulinis linearibus integris trifidifve, ftolo-

nibus

i-^ %

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 225

nibus procumbentibus, caule credo niidiufculo,
Sp.pl. ^-^g. (Oed.Dan. t. 348. Moris, hiji.f. 12.
t. 9./. 26. bona.)

Mofs Saxifrage. Anglis.

Upon the roeks in the highlands very common.

n. V.

The trailing offsets of the roots form a complete
cufnion : the intire leaves, and the lobes of the
trifid ones, are fnarply pointed : the petals are
white, with yellow ungues^ growing a little ere<fl,
obtufe, or Hightly emarginated.

'S I,

SCLERANTHUS. Gen. pi. 562.
Cal. i-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Sem. 2, calyce inclufa.
SCLERANTHUS calycibus frudiis patulis. Sp.
pi. 580. {Oed. Dan. t. 504. Pet. herb. /. 9./. 7.)
Annual Knawel, or German Knot-grafs. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. O. VII.

DIANTHUS. Gen. pi. ^65.
Cal. cylindricus, i- phyllus •, bafi fquamis 4. Petala
5, unguiculata. Caps, cylindrica, i-locularis.
* Flores folitarii^ plures in eode?n caule.
DIANTHUS floribus folitariis ; fquamis calycinis
lanceolatis binis, corollis crenatis. Sp. pi. 588.
(Pet. herb. t. 56. f. 2. Ger. em. S9Z' f' ^0
Maiden Pinks. Anglis.
In the king's park at Edinburgh. V- . Vll.

D. fioribus fubfolitariis j fquamis calycinis lanceo-
Q^ latis

226 DECANDRIA TRT^YNIA.

lat'is qviaternis brevibus, corollis crenatis. Sp. pi.

58S. {Dillen. llibam. 400. t. 29^^./. 348.)
Double-color'd Makien-Pink. Anglis.
Tn the king's park at Edinburgh. "U . VII.
The flower is white, with a purple eye ^ in other

refpecls it differs very little from the preceding.

*•" Caule miifiora herbaceo.

arenarJHS 2 D. caulibus fubunifloris -, Iqnamis calycinis ovatis
cbtufis, corollis multifklis, foliis linearibus. Sp.-
pi. 589. {Moris, hijl. /. 5: t. '2.^- f- li. G^y- e^-
594. /. 12.)
Single-flower'd Pock-Pink, /hjglis.
Upon a hill near Perth ? Sibbald. % . VII.

T R I G Y N I A.

CLICUBALUS. Gen. pi. 566.
Cell, inflatus. Fetaia 5, unguicnlata, abfque corona
ad faucem. Caps. 3-locularis.
Behen i. CUCUBALUS calycibus fubglobofis glabris reti-
culato-venofis, capiulis trilocvilaribus, corollis
fubnudis. 6'^. pi. 591. (Moris, hifi.f. 5, /. 20.,
/. 1. Ger. em. 6yS.f. 2.)
Bladder Campion. JngUs.
In corn fields and dry paftures frequent. %. VII.

SILENE. Gen. pi. s^.j.

Cd. ventricofus Petala 5, unguiculata ; coronate

ad faucem. Caps. 3-locularis.

SILENE

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 227

SILENE petalis bifidis ; coronula fubcoadnnata,
floribus fecundis, pedunculis oppofuis trifloris,
ramis alternis. Sp. pi. 596. {Moris, hift. f. 5. t.
■20.J. 2. Pet. herb. t. ^y. f. i. Ger. em. ^6^. f. 2.
omnes floribus nimis parvis.J

Sea Campion. Anglis.

On the fea beach in ftoney places frequent, as at
Fqji-Caftk^ on the coaft of Berwickfljire, ccc. &c.
The Craig cf Jilfa, off the coaft of AirJJme,
abounds with it, &c. %. VI. VI!.

The ftalks recline upon the ground : the branches
grow alternate and divaricated : the leaves are of
an oval-lanceolate form, glaucous, and fmooth
on the upper fide : the flowers all tend one way :
the peduncles are oppofite to each other, and
fupport three flowers : the calyx has 10 reddifh
angles, a little hairy : the petals are white and
bifid : the anthers of a dark-grey color. It ap-
proaches ver) near to the cucubalus Behen, but
the flower is more fpecious, and the ftalks are
decumbent.

SILENE acaulis depreflfa, petalis emarginatis. 5v/?.
NaL 311. Sp. pi. 603. {Oed. Dan. t. 27. opt.
Diilen. Eltham. 206. /. 167./. 206. Ger. em. 593,

/.s.)

Mofs-Campion. Anglis.

Upon the highland mountains in many places, as

upon Ben-Loinond, about half a miile from the

top, in abundance with the Sibbaldia ; upon Crag-

ChmUeack^, in Breadalbane^ and upon the moun-

0^ 2. tains

228 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

tains about Loch-Rannoch^ in Athol^ &c. I ob-
fe.rv'd it likewife upon the mountains about
Loch-Urn, in Invernefsfmre^ and upon the moun-
tains of Rum. %. VII.
The roots are thick, and grow together in a mat :
the leaves are extremely narrow, linear and acute,
growing in tufts : the ilalks are about an inch'
high, having generally two leaves growing op-
pofite upon it, and bearing a fingle flower : the
calyx is of a dark red, and the flowers of a bright
pink color,, which enlivens the barren mountains
exceedingly.

STELLARIA. Gen.'pl 568.

Cah 5"phyllus, patens, fetala 5, bipartita. Caps.
i-locularis, polyfperma.

STELLARIA foliis cordatis petiolatis, panicula
pedunculis ramofls Sp. 'pi. 603. {Oed. Dan. t.
271. opt. Moris, hijl. f. 5. /. 23./. 2. Column,
Ecph. L p. 290. t. 290.;

Broad-leav'd Stichwort. Anglis.

In v/oods and fliady places, frequently in the low-
lands, as about Broomholm and Langholm, in EJ:-
dale, and at Springkeld and Hoddam-Cafik, in An-
nandak, abundantly : obferv'd alio by Dr. Par-
fons, at Meavis-Bank. % . V. VI.

The fl:alks are about a foot or eighteen inches high,
branched in a panicle at top : the leaves are heart-
fhap'd, acute, hairy, of a much paler green on
the under fide than the upper ; the lower ones
fupported by footftalks, which are hairy and

channei'd;

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 229

channel'd -, the upper ones feffile : the calyx is
ered, a liccle hairy, and white on the margins :
the petals bifid, almoft to the bafe : between the
longer ftamina and the calyx is a fmall glandular
neftarium.

Hokjlea 1. STELLARIA foliis lanceolatis Icrrulatis. Spec.pl
603. (Ger. em. 47. Pet. her!?, t. sS.f, i.)
Greater Stichwort. Anzlis.
In woods and hedges common. %. V.
The petals are nearly twice the length of the calyx,
and divided half way to the bafe.

graminea 3 S. foliis linearibus integerrimis, floribus paniculatis,
Sp. pL 604. (Oed. Dan. t. 414 {5? var. t. 415.
Tet. herb. t. 58./. 3.)

Leffer Stichwort. Anglis.

In dry paftures frequent. "U, VII.
p There is a variety of this with fmooth oval feflile
leaves, and few flowers, growing often in wet
marfhy places, vide Pet. herb. t. 58./. 4 ^ Moris
hifi.f. §. t. 23./. 8. Ger. em. 613./. 8.

Bog Stichwort. Anglis. %. VII.

The ftalk is quadrangular : the petals fcarcely longer
than the calyx, and bifid to the bafe.

ARENARIA. Gen. pi. 56^.
Cal 5-phyllus patens. Petala 5, integra. Caps, i-lo-
cularis, polyfperma.
peploides i ARENARIA foliis ovatis acuiis carnofis. Sp. pi.

Q. 3 605,

2 3P DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

605. (Loes.PruJf. 12. /. 2. Ger. t. 622./. i. Pet.

herb. t. (>S-f- 9-)
Sea Chickweed. Anglis.
Upon the fea coaft in fandy foils frequent, as upon

the coaft by Leith, &c. % . VII.
The leaves are fmooth and oppofite, and grow fo

clofe together at the tops of the ftalks as to make

them appear quadrangular.

ARENARIA foliisovatis acutis petioiatis nervofis,
5^. pi. 605. (Oed. Ban. t. 429. opt. Pet. herb. t.

59^ f' I-)
Plantain-leav'd Chickweed. Anglis.

In fhady woods, &c. as at MeaPis-Bank and Dung-

Iafs-De72. T)r. Par Jons. G. VI.
The ftalk is dichotomous : the peduncles weak and

deflex'd : the capfules pendulous.

A. foliis fubovatis acutis felTilibus, corollis calycc
brevioribus. Sp.pl. 606. {Pet. herb. t. S9- f- 2.
Ger. em. 612./. 3 J

The left Chickweed. Jnglis.

Upon walls and other dry barren places. ,0. VI.

A. foliis fillformibus, ftipulis membranaceis vagi-
nantibus. Sp.-pl. 606. {Loes. Prujf. 203. /. 6^. bo-
na. Pet. herb. t. 59./. 8.;

Purple- jflower'd Chickweed, or Spurrey. Anglis.

In gravelly foils frequent. Dr. Parfons. o. VI.

There is a variety of this common on the fea coafts,

much

DECANDRI TRIGYNIA. 231

much larger in all its parts, and with fucculent
leaves, viu. Pet. herb. L S9'f- 7- ^ Moris, hijl.
J. 5. /. 2^.f. 1^.

Furple Sea-Spurrey. Jfiglis. O.VI.

Ihe branches of both trail on the ground, and the
flowers are purple, opening at nine o'clock in
the morning, and fhutting between two and three
in the afternoon. The calyces of the firfc are
hairy and vifcid.

A. foliis fubulatis, caulibus paniculatis, calycibus
acuminatis ftriatis. Syfi. 7iat. 313 i^ Manlifs.
72. {Vaill. Pa7is. t. 2 /. 3. bona, quippe cslyces
acuviinati^ hon ovati cltufi., ut A. jaxatil'is. (fyft.
nat. 313) requirir. Gerard. Flor Gallo-provvu t.
i S' f' ' ^ defcriptio congmunL Henn, parfai^ t^
12)

Vernal Mountain Chickweed. Anglis.

Upon mountainous paftures, as upon yfr//?'Kr's leat,
&c. n. V. VI.

The root throws out numerous branches about three
or four inches high, reclining a little at the bafe,
but afterwards erecl : the leaves are fo crouded
about the roots as to form tufts; they are fm.ooth,
linear, fubulate, a little ftiif, and ftriated under-
neath with three ribs : two or three pairs grow
on each (talk, oppofite, and connate at thrir
bafe v the uppermolt pairs are fhorteit and wideft,
the lowermoft have their points bent on one fide
of the llalk : the flowers grow upon the top or
the fl:alks, and from the al^ of the leaves, one

upon

232 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

upon a peduncle, and generally about three ia
all, the' the number varies from one to five or
fix : the ftalk, peduncle and calyx are all flightly
hairy : the leaves of the calyx are lanceolate, acu-
minated, and ftriated each with three ribs : the
petals are oval, white, and a little longer than
the calyx.

ARENARIA folils fetaceis, caule fuperne nudiul-
culo, calycibus fubhirllitis. Sp. pL 607. (Mag-
r,ol. Hon. Monjp. t. 11. Scopol. Flor. Carniol. t.
18. n. 541. melior.)

Larch 'lea v'd Chick weed. Anglis.

On dry mountainous paftures in a ftoney foil. I ob-
ferv'd it upon Caftle hilU near Forfar., in the
county of Angns. %. VIIJ.

It differs very little from the preceding, only from
the al^e of the leaves arile cluflers of other Imall
leaves, which are nothing elle but the rudimencs
of young branches -, to which may be added,
that it bears fewer flowers upon a ftalk, and the
petals are fmaller.

CHERLERIA. Gen.pl 570. .
Cah 5 phyllus. Neciaria 5 emarginata, petaloidea.
Petala nulla {nifi cdycem vel Neciaria velis.) An-
thera alternse fteriles. Caps. 3-locularis, 3-valvis.
CHERLERIA. Sp, pi 608. {Hdler.ftffp. Hehet.
vol 2. p. 114. /. 21. Opufc. p. 301. t. I. eadeui £>
fig. ncji.)
Molfy Cherlcria. Ajiglis,

Upon

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 233

Upon the highland mountains near their fummits,
and by the fides of rills in feveral places, as up-
on Ben-tejkerny and Ben-challmn^ two mountains
to the well of Loch-Tay, in Breadalhane, plenti-
fully ; and upon a mountain in Runiy called
Baikevah &c. ^. VIl. VIII.

It forms large green mofly tufts : the (talks are
about two inches high, clofely matted together,
and covered with crowded leaves, growing op-
pofite to each other, of a narrow linear acute
form, and firm texture, and a little rough on the
edges : the flowers grow out of the fummits of
the branches, fngle, eredt, and on very Ihort
peduncles, of a yellov.'ini green color: the leaves
of the calyx are of an oval lanceolate form, and
ftreak'd on the back with three lines : the necla-
ria are much iliorter than the calyx, and heart-
fhap'd : the whole plant, at firft view, has a
great refcmblance to a tuft of the female Poly-
trichum commune, or fome fpecics of vmium.

It has never yet been difcover'd in England, but is
peculiar to alpine countries.

PENTAGYNIA.
COTYLEDON. Gen. pi 578.

Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. i-petala. Squama neflariferse 5,
ad bafin germinis. Caps. 5.
umbilicus COTYLEDON foliis cuculato-peltatis ferrato-
veneris, i. dentatis alternis, caule ramofo, floribus eredlis.

Sp.

9^4 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Sp, pi. 615. (Ger. em. 528./. i. Moris, hiji. f. 12.
/. 10./, 4. crdinisfecundi.)

Kavel-wort, Kidney-wort, or Wall Penny-wort.
Anglis.

Upon rocks and old buildings. I obferv'd it upon
the rocks of Drummadoon^ on the Weft fide of the
Ifle of Arran^ and upon the craig of Ailfa abun-
dantly, and upon the ruins of l-columb-kil^ &c.
at. VI.

SEDUM. Gen. pi. ^79-
Cal. 5-fidus. Co7\ 5petaia.' o^/^'c-?;>i^ ne(5tariferae 5,
ad bafin germinis. Caps. 5.
* Flanifolia.
tekphium i SEDUM folis planiulculis ferratis, corymbo folioib,
caule ere<fl:o. Sp. pi. 616. [Ger em. 520. /. i.
Moris, hiji. f. 12. /. 10./. i. i^ 2. ordinis fuperi-
cris.

Orpine or Eive-long. Anglis.

By the road fide going to Dumbarton from Glafgoiu^
on the right hand upon a rock. Dr. Par/ons oh-
ferv'd it alfo about two miles eaftward of Dum-
larlon, under hedges. % . VIII.
** Tereti folia,

SEDUM foliis fubulatis fparfis bafi folutis ; inferi-
oribus recurvatis. Sp. pi. 618. {Ger. em. 512./.
I £s?.5i3./. 6. Moris, hiji. f. 12. /• 6./. 6 ^ 7.
Pet. Iperb. t. 42./. 5^6)

Yellow reflex'd Stonecrop. Anglis.

Upon

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 235

Upon hoiifes and walls. Sihbald. Dr. Varfons ob-
ferv'd it in a village going from Edinburgh to
■Lord March's. %.VU,

The leaves are femicylindrical, glaucous, fucculent
and acuminated : in liol.and Ibmetimes eaten in
fallads.

S. foliis fubovatis cdnato-feflilibus gibbis erccliuf-
culis alternis, cyma trifida. ^p^pl. 619. (Ger. ejn.
517. Moris, hijt. f. \l. t. 6. f. 12. Pet. herb. /.
42./. 9;
Pepper-Stonecrop, Wall Pepper. Anglis.
Upon rocks and barren floney places, but not very
common. I obferv'd it in the illand of Lamlajh^
on the fouth-eaft oi Arran. iL VI.
The flowers are yellow, and the leaves clofely im-
bricated, fo as to make the flalks appear cylin-
drical. It is acrid, and biting to the tafle.
Tbejuice of it externally is recommended in ulce-
rous fores and cancers : taken internally it ope-
rates ftrongly as an emetic and cathartic. An
ounce of it, boil'd in twelve ounces of ale, and
taken in four dofes, has been found ferviceable
in the dropfy.

-uhens 4. ^' ^"^^"^ ^^^^'^^ fcffilibus gibbis alternis, cyma trifi-
da, capfulis rubentibus. (Ged. Dan. t. 82. opt.
Raj. Syn. p. 326. /. 12./. 2)
Red Stonecrop. Anglis.

On walls and rocks frequent, as about the old col-
lege

236 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

lege of Lhuluden, near Dumfries^ and upon the
walls by the fide of the Clyde^ at Rofeneath ; np-
Rof3-]Jland, in Loch-Lcmond, and numberJefs
other places. G. VI. VII.
From one root arife fevcral branches, which recline
at their bale, but afterwards grow ereft about
two inches high : tlie leaves are oval, gibbous,
obtufe, felTile, alternate, fmooth, and crouded
clofe together at the fummits of the unfiow'ring
branches, but more diilant in the flow'ring ones.
3 his, together with the unfolded Cyma^ makes
the tops of the young branches bigger than the
bottom, like an inverted cone. The Cyma, or
little umbel, which terminates the branches, is
generally trifid, and confifts of an uncertain
number of flowers from three to nine, Ifandino-
either on very lliort pcduncies, or quite felTile.
1 he petals are acute, of a pale flefh color, with
a red Carina. The germina are of a bright red.
The ftam.ina ten, five arifmg from the bafe of
the petals, and five between them, with red An-
thers. The whole plant is fmooth and reddifli in
decay.
It is defcrib'd by Halter in his Stirp. Hehet. n. 963,
but cannot properly be referr'd to any fpecies of
Linnaus. The ledum annuum of Linnaeus he liim-
felf informs us, bears a yellow flower. Flor.fucc.
f. 154. i^ Mantifs, p. 3H9 •, it cannot therefore
be that. And the ledum mbens. Sp. pi. 619, has
but ^vtfiamina^ which has ocafioned him in his

Syjf.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 2^

Syji. nat. {p. 317 £5? 226) to reduce it to the Ge-
71US of Cra£ula. Unlefs, therefore, our plant
varies in the number of ftamina, it cannot with/
any propriety be referr'd to his crafTula rubens,
tho' it may to fome of the mifapply'd fynonyms.

"jillofiim 5. SEDUM caule ercclo, foliis planlufculis, pedun-
cuhfque fubpilofis. Sp.pl. 620. {Oed. Dan. t. 24.
opt. Ger. em. 516,/. i. Moris, hiji. f. 12. /. 8./
48.;

Marfh Stonecrop. Anglls.

On bogs and moiil: rocks by the fides of mountains,
as on Fentland-Hills, Dr. Parfons : and in Glen-
Eglas^ in Strath -Etne^ to the fouth of CnV/, &c.
Mr. Stuart. Q . VI.

The ftalk is eredt, four or five inches hio-h.
branch'd at the top, downy and vifcid : the leaves
grow alternate and diftant, oblong, thick, con-
vex on the outfide, and obtufe : the flowers grow
in a thin branched umbel, at the top of the fialk,
upon vifcid peduncles : the calyx is downy and
vifcid : the petals are oval and acute, of a red
color, with a hairy Carina of a deeper red.

OXAUS.Gen.pl. 582.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Fetala unguibus connexa. Caps.
angulis dehifcens, 5-gona.
acetofella i OXALIS fcapo uniPioro, fohis ternatis, radice
fquamofa articulata. Sp, pL 620. {Milkr. icon.

^95'

238 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

1^5./. 2. Ger, em. 1201. /. i. Fet. herb. t. 63.

/• 7)

Wood Sorrel. Anglh. Gouke-meat. Scoiis.

Biadh-cunain, feada-coille. Go.uiis,

In woods frequently. At the hermuage, &c. Dr.
Farjons. if.. V.

The leaves are radical only, and numerous ; three
grow together at the top of one common foot-
ftalk, hearr-ihap'd, hairy, their points all meet-
ing in a centre, and endued with a degree of fenfi- ,
bility, for when itruck or handled they droop.
hinnccus fays they are expanded in moill rainy
weather, and contraded in dry. The flowers
are white, elegantly marked with red veins,
have yellow Ungues., and grow fmgly upon radi-
cal footftalks.

The whole plant has an agreeable acid taile, and
cooling quality, and is recommended in malig-
nant fevers, and for the fcurvy. In the ifland of
Arran I was informed that a whey or tea of it was
ufed in putrid and other fevers, with good fuc-
cefs.

AGROSTEMMA. Gen. pL 583.
Cal. i-phyllus, coriaceus. Petala 5, unguiculata ; 1'
Limlo obtufo indivifo. Caps, i-locularis.
githago I. AGROSTEMMA hirfuta, calycibus corollam ^qu-
antibus, petalis integris nudis. Sp.pL 624. (Cer.
em. 1087. Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 21./. ^i.FeL herb.
t. 57. f. 12;

Cockle.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 239

Cockle. Anglis.

In corn fields. G. VI.

The lUlk is two feet high, ered, but little branch'd
and hairy : the leaves linear, acute and hairy :
the fegments of the calyx hairy ftriated, and ra-
ther longer than the corolla : the petals obtufe,
and of a bright purple color : the feeds black,
and elegantly rough, having a white meal or
flour.

LYCHNIS. Gen.pL 584.
Cal. i-phyllus, oblongus, l^vis. Petala 5, ungwi-
culata. Limbo fubbifido. Caps, 5-locularis.
fios cuculi I LYCHNIS petalis quadrifidis, frudu fubrotundo.
Sp. pi. 625. {Ger. em. 600. f. i. Moris, hiji.f. 5.
/. 20./. 8. Pet. herb. t. s^. f. 6)
Meadow Pinks, Wild Williams, Cuckow Flower,

or Ragged Robbins. Anglis.
In moift meadows and wet boggy places frequent.

Ti.VI.

The ftalk is angular, and red at the joints : the
leaves rcflex'd on their edges, and red at their
ends : the calyx flreak'd with ten red prominent
lines: the petals red and quadrifid or jagged.

Cattle refufe to eat it.

\'ifcaria 2. LYCHNIS petalis fubintegris. Syfi. nat. 319. Sp.
pi 625. (Ger. em. boi. f. 3. Moris, hift. f. 5-. /.
'2.0. f. 6. Vet. herb. t. 57./. S)
Red Catch fly. Anglis.

Upon

dio

240 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Upon the rocks at the hermitage near Edhihurgh.

Dr. Parjons. % . VI.
The flowers are red, and grow in a panicle^ com-

pofed of oppofite vifcid branches.

!• L. floribus dioicis. Sp. pi. 626. (Ger. em. 46^./. i.

Moris, hiji.f. 5.-/. 21. f. 21 iy 23. Pet. herk t,

S7'f-rj& G)

White Campion, the fern ale. 1

Red Campion, the maU. X ^ ^ *

In v/oods and hedges, it. VI.

T he rocks in the idand of AUfa are coverd with

the red-flower'd only.

t

CERASTIUM. Gen. pL s'^S-

Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala bifida. Caps, i-locularis,

apice dehifcens, lo-dentatus.

* Capfulis ohlongis.

^ I CERASTIUM foliis ovatis, petalis calyci squall-

bus, caiilibus diffufis. Sp. pL 627. {Vaill. Paris,

t. 30./. 3. Pet. herb. t. 58./. 5}

Common Moufe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.

In corn fields, paftures and by way-fides, o . VI.

Many reclin.ng ftalks arife from one root, forming

a thick tuft before they flower : the leaves are

of a round oval form, the upper ones more acute.

It flowers later than the following, and lafts

longer.

2 C. ereftum villofo-vifco'fum. $. pi. 627. {J/aill. t.

30- /■ '.)

Upright

t)ECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 241

•-Upright Moufe-ear Chickweed. Jnglh.
The ftalks are a foot high, ered, not fo numerous
from one root as the preceding, and the leaves
more acute.
In meadows and paftures frequent. G. IV. V.

CERASTIUM fioribus pentandris, petalis emar-
ginatis. Sp. pL 627. Vaill. Par. t. 30./. 2. Raj.
Syn. p. 348. /. 15./. 1. bona)

The left Moufe-ear Chickweed. AnzUs.

Upon the hills about Arthur's Seat. Dr. Parfons,
G. V.

It is about hree inches high, commonly fmgle at
the root, and very little branched at the top : it
has only five fertile Stamina., but fometimes five
other barren ones are vifible, without Anthera.

C. foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtufis glabris, corollis
calyce majoribus. Sp. pi. 628. {Vaill. Paris, t.
2,0. f. 4^5. bona. Ger. em. 595./. 15J

Narrow leav'd Moufe-ear Chickweed. Anglis.

In paftures of a gravelly foil, but not common. I
obferv'd abundance of it at the foot of walls up*
on the borders of Scotland, near IFerk, not far
from Kelfo. V-.V.VL

The ftalks are weak and reclining : the leav^es not
always iVnooth, but moft commonly a little hairy :
the petals aie twice as long as the calyx, which
readily diftinguifties the fpecics.

Capfulis fubrotundis.
R

C. foliis

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

C. foliis ovatis fiibtomentofis, ramis^.^*4*uniflons
capfulis globofis. Sp. pi. 629. (Haller. Stffp.
Hchet. n. 887. Marten. Spilzherg. t.G.fg.d.)

Woolly Moufe ear Chickweed. /Inglis. ^

Upon rhe rocks on the fummits of the highland
mountains, as upon Ben-Lomond, and the moun-
tains about 67^;ztc, &c. %. VI. VII. .

The roots are white, tough and woody, throwing
out numerous reclining branches, which after- ■
wards grow ere6l to the height of about three
inches, bearing one, or at molt two Rowers : the
leaves are oval, croudcd together in the young
branches, and all extremely woolly. If tw^o
flowers grow upon the fame llalk, the peduncle
of one is divaricated, or grows fodiftant from the
other as to form with it an angle almoft equal
to a right angle. The calyx is woolly, the pe-
tals larger than the calyx, the capfule round at :
iirft, but afterwards lengthen'd out into a curv'd '
horn. Hallerh defcription of this plant agrees
precifely with ours ; and Marten\ figure above 1
quoted, tho' a bad one, refembles it j but nei- j
defcriptions nor figures of the C. alpinum corref- 1
pond as they ought, that being either fmooth
or only a little hairy, aod producing fix or eight
flowers upon a ftalk. We therefore conclude
ours to be moil reducible to the C. latifolium Li/i.

aquaticumG CERASTIUM foliis cordatis feflllibus, floribus^'

folitariis,

DECANDRIA PENTAGtNIA. 243

folitariis, fru(5libus pendulis. Sp. pi. 629. {Ger.
emac. 6n.f. i. Mentzel. pig. /. i./. 3)
Marfh Moufe-ear Chickweed. Anglis,
By the fides of ditches and rivers, but not fre-
quent. ^ VII.
The ftalk is a yard high, or more, nearly quadran-
gular, branched, weak, {lightly hairy, and una-
ble to fupport itfelf : the lower leaves have cili-
ated footllalks, the upper ones are leiTile, and
nightly hairy, with a little vifcidity : the flowers
grow near the fummits of the ftalks from the
Ala of the leaves, and from the divifions of the
branches, fingly upon vlfcid peduncles : the ca-
lyx is hairy and vifcid, the petals twice as long
as the calyx, and the capfules pendulous.

SPERGULA. Gen. pi. 586.

Cal. 5-phyIIus. Petala 5, integra. Caps, ovata, i-lo-

cularis, 5-valvis.

cnfis I. SPERGULA foliis verticillatis, floribus decandrls.
Sp. pi. 6jo. {Ger. em. 1 125./. 3. Pet. herb. t. ^g.
f.6)

Corn-Spurrey. Jnglis.

In corn-fields frequent. O. VJII.

The leaves are round, linear, and furrow'd,from
e ght to twenty in a whirl : the calyx hairy and
viicid, the peduncles branch'd, the petals white,
the (lamina vary from five to ten, the capfules
are pendulous, and the feeds black, and fur-
rounded with a membranaceous ring.

K 2 In

244 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

In Holland and Germany it is fov/n in the fields as a
fodder for cattle.

lodofa 2. S. foliis oppofitis fubulatis l^vibus, caulibus fimpli-
cibus, 5^. 'pi. 630. {ped. Dan. t. 96. opt. Loes.
Flor. PruJJ'. p. 204. /. 64. hjm. Pet. herb. t. ^9-
f. 5. Ger. cm. ^6j. f. 6. Plukenei. t. ^j. f. 4)

Knotted Spurrey. JngUs.

In vvet paflnres, and on the fides of lakes and
rnarfiies, but not very common, it. VIII.

Several flalks arife from one root, fometimes re-
clining and fometimes ereft, and about three or
four inches high : the leaves are fmooth, of a fine
green, and from their boibms towards the top of
the ftalks appear little knots of other leaves,
Y.'hich are the rudiments of young branches :
the flowers are wliite, with yellow antherac •, they
grow ereft, and generally fingle at the top of the
branches.

:ricwa :?. SPERGULA foiiis oppofitis fubulatis ciliatis fafci-
culatis. Sp. pL &31. {Fii';. nulla)

Larch-leav'd Spurrey. JngUs.

Upon dry paflures of a gravelly foil. I obferv'd it
UDon a hill in tlie ifland of Bute. % . VI.

From one root arife feveral ftalks about an inch or
an inch and a half high : the leaves are linear,
fi.ibulate, and acuminated, fiightly hairy or ci-
liated on the edges, and their points turn to one
fide of the ftalk : from their alas arife tufts of
other leaves, which are the rudiments only of

young

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNTA. 245

young branches : the flowers grow fingly on the
fummits of the branches, upon, long, naked,
flightly hairy peduncles : the fegments of the
calyx are oval, obtufe and flightly hairy : the pe-
tals are white, and about the length of the ca-
lyx : the number of ftamina varies from five to
ten, and of ftyles from three to five ; but the
primary flowers have ten fliamina and five llyles :
the capfule generally nods. It is a matter of
fome doubt whether the SAGINA procumbens
var. (3. Lin. Sp. pi. 185. (Pet. herb. t. S9- n)
be not the fame plant with this.

R 3 CLASSIS

DODECANDRIA.

C L A S S I S XI.

DODECANDRIA

M O N O G Y N I A.

LYTHRUM. Cor. 6-petala. Cal. 12-fidus, infe-
rus. Cap. 2-locularis.

D I G Y N I A.
AGHIMONIA. Cor. 5-pctala. Cai. 5-fidus. Sem.
I./. 2.

T R I G Y N I A.
RESEDA. Cor. petal, mukilidis. Cal. partitas.
Caps, i-locularis, hians,

EUPHORBIA. Cor. petal, pcltatis. Cal. ventri-
cofus. Cap. 3-cocca.

TETRAGYNIA.

* Tormentilla erecia.

DODECAGYNIA.
SEMPER ViVUM. Qor. 12-petala. Cal. iz-partl-
tns. Ca'ps. i2»

MONOGYNIA,

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 247

MONOGYNIA.

LYTHRUM. Gen. pL 604.
Cal. 1 2-fidu.s, Pelala 6, calyci inferta. C^ps, 2 lo-
cularis, polyfperma.
falicaria i. LYTHRUM. foliis oppofitis cordato-lanceolatis,
floribus Ipicatis dodecandris. Sp. pi 640. (Ger.
em. 476./. 5. Fet. herb. t. 61. f. 6)
Pnrple-fpiked Willow herb, or Loofeftrife. Ji^^lis.
On the banks of ditches and rivers, and in marihy
places frequent, n. VII.

The ftalk is three or four feet high, ere£l, qua-
drangular, and branch'd towards the top into
longverticillated fpikes of fpec!ous purple flowers,
the leaves grow either oppofite, or three in a
whirl : the petals are flaccid : the calyces fcfiile,
and lo-angular.

It is of an aftringent quality, but rarely ufed in
medicine. Cattle are fond of it.

D I G Y N I A.

AGRIiMONIA. Gen. pi. 607.
Cal. 5-dentatus, akero obvallatus. Petala 5. Sem.
2, in fundo calycis.
eupatoriai. AGRIMONIA foliis caulinis pinnatis, imparl pe-
tiolato, frudibus hifpidis. Sp. pi. 64 j. (^Miller.
icon. 15. Ger. em. 712)
Agrimony. An^lis.

On

248 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

On the borders of fields and under hedges. VI f. i^i
The leaves are pinnated, foft and hairy, confifting
of fix or feven pair of ferrated p-nnce, with other
fmaller ones intermix'd between them, and an
odd one at the end : the flowers are yellow, and
grow in a long, flender unbranch'd fpike : the
fruit, or fwoln calyx, is crown'd with hooked
hairs, which adhere readily to the cloaths.
The leaves make a very pleafant tea, faid to be
ferviceable in hcjemorrhagies, and in obftruftions
of the liver and fpleen. The country people
alio ufe them fometimes by way of cataplafm in
contufions and frefh wounds,

TRIGYNIA.

RESEDA. Gen. 'pi. 608.
Cat. i-phyllus, partitus, Petala laciniata. Caps.
ore dehifcens, i-locularis.
iteola I, RESEDA follis lanceolatis integris bafi utrinque
unidentatis, calycibus quadrifidis. Syft. nat. 329.
Sp.pl. 643. {Ger. cm. 494)
Wild-woad, Yellow-weed, or Dyers-weed. Anglis.
In wade places near villages, as aboutDj/^r/, Burnt-

IJland, and Lafwade, &c. O. VII.
The young leaves are often undulated : the (i:alk
is a yard high, or more, terminated with a long
naked fpike of yellowifli green flowers : the calyx
is quadrifid, the two upper fegments being wided:
the petals are three, the upper one nectariferous

and

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 249

and divided half way into fix fegments j the la-
teral ones trifid : the capfule triangular, unilocu-
lar, divided into fix fegments at the top, three
ere6l and three inflex'd, and gaping open.
This plant is cultivated and much iifed for dying
woollen and filk of a yellow color. The frelh
herb, fhredded and boil'd, or dry'd and reduc'd
to a powder, are the ways of Uung it.

R. foliis omnibus trifidis, inferioribus pinnatis. Sp.
pi. 546. {Ger. ein. 277./. r. Pel. herb. t. 37. /.
II.)

Bafe Rocket. Anglis.

In the links oi Kirkaldy. Dr. Farfons. O. VII.

The Pinnule of the leaves are generally undulated,
the ftalks reclining, the calyx is divided into fix
unequal fegments : the petals are fix, the framina
about twt^nty : the capfule Ihap'd like a triangu-
lar prifm.

EUPHORBIA. Gen.pL 609.
Cor. 4 s. 5-petala, calyci infidens. Cal. i-phyllus,
ventricofus. Caps. 3-cocca.
'^ Umbella trifida.

EUPHORBIA umbella trifida, dichotoma, invo-
lucellis ovatis, foliis integerrimis obovatis petio-
latis. Sp. pi 6^^. (Ger. an. 50^. /. 19. Moris,
hifl.f. xo.t. i.f.u.)

Petty Spurge. Jnglis.

In

250 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

In wafte places about towns and villages, and in

gardens frequent. G. VIII.
The petals are lunular, or Iharply horn'd.

extgua 2. E. umbella trifida, dichotoma, involucellis lancco- ;

latis, foliis linearibus. Sp. pi. 654. [Ger. £m. 503. \

f. 17. Pet.hcrb.t.szJ. 9) \

Karrow-leav'd Dwarf-Spurge. Jnglis. '

In corn helds, and in fandy or gravelly foils, as

about Eiirntijland^ &c. G. Vill.
T he petals are horn'd.

■'■* Lhnbdlia qtdn(iucfida.

heliofcopia E. umbellu quinquefida, trifida, dichotoma, invo- '
3* luceliis obovatiS, foliis cuneiformlbus ferratis.

Sp. pL 638. (GV. em. 498. /. 2. Moris, hift. /. j
10. t. 2./. 9.) '.

Sun-Spurge, or Wart-Spurge. AugWs.

In corn fields and gardens frequent. G . VIII.

The petals are roundifii.

The llamina in this genus do not all appear at the
fame time, but break out fuccefllvely ^ fo that it
would be diificuk for a learner in the fcience to
determine the genus by the rules of the lexual
fyftem •, but the germen of a rounded triangular
form, terminated with three bifid ilyles, and fup-
ported by a peduncle, will afford him an excel-
lent charaaeridic mark of this genus •, to which
may be added, that the feveral fpecies are full of
a milky juice, which in moil \^ of a hot cauftic

nature,

BODECANDRIA DODECAGYNIA. 251

nature, capable of laifing a bliiler, or burning
away warts.

DODECAGYNIA.

SEMPERVIUM. Gen. pL 612.

Cal. i2-partitus. Peir.Ia 12. Caps. 12, polyfpermft.

SEMPERVIUM foliis ciliatis, propaginibu^. pa-
tentibus. Sp. pi. 664. {Ger. em. 51c./. i. Moris.
hiji.f.i2. /. 7./. 40

Houlelcek. Anglis.

Upon houfes, but probably not indigenous. % . VII.

It is recommended as a cooler by way of cataplafm
to burns and hot ulcers j and the juice mixed
with honey, and laid on with a pencil, has been
found of fervice to cure the Thrujh in children.
Boerhave found, that ten ounces of the juice,
given internally, was beneficial in dyfenteries,
and others have found it very ulcful in gonorr-
hoeas.

CLASSIS

252 1 C O S A N D R I A.

C L A S S I S XIL
ICOSANDRIA

MONOGYNIA.

PRUNUS. Co.l inferus, 5.fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Dnipa niicleo integro.

D I G Y N I A.

CRAT^GUS. Cal fuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. ^-pe-
tala. Bacca 2-fperma.

T R I G Y N I A.
SORBUS. Cal. fuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala.
Bacca 3-lperma.

PENTAGYNIA.

PYRUS. Cal. fuperus, 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Vo-
mum 5-loculare, polyfpermum.

SPIR^A. Cal inferus, 5-fidus. Cor,. 5-petala.
Caps, plures, congeftas.

POLYGYNIA.
ROSA. Cal. 5-iidus. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. baccatus,
pclyfpermus.

RUBUS. Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Bacca com- ■
pofita.

TORMENTILLA.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA; 253

TORMENTILLA. CaL 8-fidus. Cor, 4-petala.
Senh 8, rnutica.

DRYAS. CciL 8-fidus. Ccr. 8-petala. Sem. pluri-
ma, arifta lanata.

FRAGARIA. CaL lo-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Sem.
plurima fupra receptaculum baccatum, decidua.

POTENTILLA. CaL lo-fidus. Cor. 5-petaIa,
Sem. plurima, mutica.

GEUM- CaL lo-fidus. Cor. 5-petala. Sem. pluri-
ma, arifta geniculata.

COMARUM. CaL lo-fidus. Ccr. 5-petala. Sem.
plurima fupra receptaculum carnofuai perfiftens.

* Spir^a Filipendula, Vhnaria.

M O N O G Y N I A.
PRUNUS. Gen. pL 620.

Cal 5-fidus, inferus. Fetala 5. Brupcff nux futuris

prominulis.
PRUNUS floribus racemcfis, foliis declduis bafi

fubtus biglandulofis. Sp. pL 6-jj. [Qed. Ban. t.

205. opt. Ger, cm. 1504./. 9)
Bird-Cherry, Anfiis. Hag-berries. Scotis.
In woods frequent, as about Mehil-Cafile, and at

Carubher-Den, and in the woods about Penton-

Brmge and Broomhobn, in Efkdale, &c. h . V. VI,
The flowers grow in clufter'd fpikes, and make an

elegant

254 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

elegant appearance : the fruit is black when ripe',
and of the fize of grapes, of a naufeous tafte,
eaten in Sweden and CamtJchrJca^ but drank by
v\'ay of infunon in brandy in Scotland.

vhm * 2. P. umbelTs fcffilibus, foliis cvato-lanceolatis fubtus'
pubefcentibus conduplicatis. Syft. nat. 342. Sf.
pi. 680. \Black'u;ell, t. 425)

Common wild Cherry-tree. AngVis.

In the woods oppofite to Mehil-Cafik, &:c. but'
probably fown by birds, and not indigenous. Dr.
Parfoh'S. h . V.

It grows to a large tree.

The gems which terminate the branches produce
leaves only, o-enerally five in number : the lateral
gems producp feffile umbels ot flowers,^ oom-
monly/thre^ftan'ding on long footftalks : the
fruit is black, and fometimes red, fmail, but,
fwcct and agreeable to the tafte, by fermentation
making a grateful wine, and by diftillation,,
bruifed together with the ftones, a ftrong fpirit.

infitih-a * 0. PRUNUS pedunculis geminis, foliis ovatis fubvil-;

lofis convolutis, ramis Ipineicentibus. S-p.-pL 680.

{Figiiram non im^enio)
Bullace Tree, or Bullace Plumb. AngUs.
In hedges about the abby of Mellrofs^ &c. T^ . V.-
It varies with both white and black fruit. " i

fb'nofa 4.. ^- petl'^^c^l'^s folitariis, foliis lanceolatis glabris..
ramis fpinofis. Sp. pi. 681. Ger. em. i^gy. f. 5v

The

ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. 255

The Black-thorn, or Sloe-tree. AngUs.

The Slae. Sect is.

An droighionn, preas-nan-airneag. Gauiis,

In hedges frequent. T? . IV. V.

The bark of this fhrub has been ufed by empirics to
cure the ague. It will dye woollen of a red co-
lor. The juice of it, with vitriol or copperas,
will make good ink •, and the fruit will make a
very grateful and fragrant wine.

DIGYNIA.

CRAT^GUS. Gen. pi 622.
Cal 5-fidus. PetaJa 5. Bacca infera 2-fperma.
ma. (3. I. CRATAEGUS foliis ovatis incifis ferratis fubtus
■^Dmentofis. Syfi. fiat. 342. Sp.pl. 681. {Oed. Ban.
t. 302. c\)t.)
The White Beam-Tree. Anglis.
In v/oods but not common. ^ . VL
1 have inferted this on the authority of Sihhald, not

having found it myfelf.
The leaves are oval and firm, of the fize of the
hazel, ftriated with prominent nerves, ferrated on
the edges, and hoary underneath : the flowers
grow in white umbels : the berries when ripe are
red, and capable, by fermentation and diftilla-
ti'^n, of affording a good fpint.

/JKyacantha CR-ATiEGUS foliis obtufis fubtrifidis ferratis. Sp.
2. pi. 683. {Ger. em. 1326./. i. Blak^cll t. 149.J

The

256 ICOSANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

The Hawthorn, or White-Thorn, orQiiIck. Anglic

An fgitheach. Gaulis.

In woods and hedges. T? . VI;

The number of fcyles, and feeds in the berries are
variable. In Camtfchatca the inhabitants both eat
the berries and make a wine of them : the high-
landers alfo eat them when thoroughly ripe :
fwine, deer, and birds are fond of them, parti-
cularly the thrufli kind. The neatefl and bed
hedges are well known to be made of the young '
plants of this ihrub. A decodion of the bark
with copperas is ufed by the highlanders to dye
black.

TRIGYNIA.

SORBUS. Gen, pi. C23.

Cal. 5-fiduS. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 3-fperma.

SORBUS foliis pinnatis utrinque glabris. Sp. ft.

6i^3. {Qer. em^ i47?J
The Quicken-Tree or Mountain Afh. Anglis.
The Roan-Tree. Scotis. Craobh-chaorain. Gaulis.
In woods, &c. frequent, in the lowlands and high-
lands. T? . VI.
Tne leaves are pinnated with about eight pair of |]
PinnuU, of an oval acute form, and ferreted on ' -
the edges : the flowers grow in white umbels,
upon branched peduncles ; the berries v/hen rips
are red, giving the tree an elegant glow in the

autumn,

ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. 25;

autumn, and rendering it a great ornament to flirub-
beries and other plantations.

They have an aiUingent quality, but in no hurtful
degree : in the ifland of Jura they ufe the juice
of them as an acid for punch : birds of the
thrufh kind are very fond of them, and the high-
landers often eat them when thoroughly ripe,
and in fome places diftil a very good fpirlt from
them. The fame ufe is made of them in Cani-
Jchatca^ as we are inform'd by Gmelin. The
wood is hard and durable, fit for many oecono-
mical purpofes, fuch as mill-work, fcrews for
preffes, fpokes for wheels, &c.

It is probable that this tree was in high elleem with
the Druids^ for it may to this day be obferved to
grow more frequently than any other in the neigh-
borhood of thofe Bruidical circles of ftones, fo
often feen in North-Britain ; and the fuperftitious
ftill continue to retain a great veneration for it,
which was undoubtedly handed down to them
from early antiquity. They believe that nny fmail
part of this tree carried about them, will prove
a fovereign charm againft all the dire effects of
enchantment or witchcraft. 'I heir cattle alfo, as
well as themfelves, are fuppofed to be preferved
by it from evil ; for the dairy-maid will not for-
get to drive them to xh^ /Jo eatings or fummer paf-
tures with a rod of the Roan-tree^ which ilie care-
fully lays up over the door of the JJjeal locthy\
or fummer-houfe, and drives rhem home again
S ^Mt!l

252 ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

with the fame. In Strathfpey they make, for the
fame purpofe, on the firft day of May^ a hoop
of the wood of this tree, and in the evening and
morning caufe all the fheep and lambs to pafs
through it.

PENTAGYNIA.

Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Pomum inferum, 5-Iocu-
lare, polylpermum.

■mlus * I. PYRUS foliis ferratis, umbellis feffilibus. ^. pL
686. {Ger. em. 1461. Blakwell. Ui-yS)

The Crab-Tree or Wilding, when improv'd, the
Apple-Tree. Jnglis.

Abhal-fiadhaich. Gaulis.

In the woods by Lord Haddington'' s^ &c. Dr. Par-
fons, h . V.

This tree in its wild flate is arm'd with prickles,
and the fruit is extremely four, and frequently
bitter. Its juice, or crah-vinegar^ applied out-
wardly, is good to cure fpafms, cramps, drains,
&c.

The bark will dye woollen of a citron color.

It is remarkable for its longevity : it is faid that
fome trees in HerefordJIjire have lived a thoufand
years. It flowers with the piony and narcijfus
poeticuSy and makes at that time a mod elegant
appearance.

The fruit, mixed with other cultivated apples, or

even

ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 259

even alont, if thoroughly ripe, will make a
ibunci mafculine cyder.

SPIR.^A. Cyen. pL 63a
Cal. 5-fidiis. Pel a! a 5. Caps, polyfperma.
fiUpenduIai SPIRAEA foliis pinnatis •, foliolis uniformibus fer-
ratis, caule herbaceo, fior;bus cymofis. Sp. pi.
702. {Ger. em. lOsS.f. i, Moris, hiji.f. 9. /. 20.
/. prima. Pet. herb. t. 71./. 6 ^ 7J

Dropwort. Anglis.

In mountainous paftures^ as upon the h.lls to the
fouth-well: of Arthur" s-Se at ^ &c. if-. VII.

The root confifts of many tubercles, fufpended b),
and terminated with thread-like fibres.

The flalk is about a foot and a half high, cre6l,
and with but few leaves upon it, terminated Vv'ith
a loofe umbel of v/hite flowers, often ting'd v/ith
red : the leaves have numerous, oblong, acutely
ierrated pinn^, with fmaller ones intermix'd, and
the extreme one divided into three lobes : the
petals in this fpecies are generally fix, and the
fegments of the calyx are reflex'd : the fcamina
are 30, or more : the germina 12, or upwards.

Swine are fond of the roots ; and Linnaus informs
us, that in a fcarcity of corn they have been
eaten by men inftead of bread.

Imaria 2. ^- ^<^l"s pinnatis, imparl majore lobato, floribus cy-
mofis. Sp. pi. 702. {Grr. em. 104:^. /. t. Moris,
hifl.f. 9. /. 20./. I. fiiperioris ardinis ad dexlram.
Vet. herb. t. 71./. 8)

S 2 Meadov-

oSo ICOSANDRIA POL' rYNIA.

Meadow-Sweet. Anglis,

Lus-chneas-ChuchulIainn. Gaulis.

In wet meadows, and on the banks of ditches and
rivers, li. VII.

The leaves of this fpecies have only two or three
pair of pinn^, with a few fmallerones intermix'd,
the extreme one being larger than the reft and
divided into three lobes : the calyx is reddifh, the
petals white, the number of capfiijes from fix to
ten, twifted in a fpiral.

The whole plant is extremely fragrant : the com-
mon people in Szveden on holidays ftrew their
floors with it.

A diftill'd water from the flowers has great efficacy
in expelling the mealies and fmall-pox. The
whole plant has an aftringent quality, and as
fuch has been found ufeful in dyfenteries, rup-
tures, and in tanning of leather. Horfes and
cows do not afi^ecl it, but goats are very fond
of it.

P O L Y G Y N I A.

ROSA. Gen. pi. 631.
Pctala 5. Cal. urceolatus, 5-fidus, carnofus, collo
coardtatus. Sem. plurima flifpida, calycis interi-
ori lateri affixa.

* Germinibus fuhghhofts.
Jpinofiffma ROSA germinibus globofis^glabris^pedunculis hif-
j» pidis, caule petiolifq. aculeatiflimis. Sp.-pl 705.

{(2er. em. 1270./. 4. Cliis. hijl. 1, p. 116)

Burnet-

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 261

Burnet-Rofe. Anglis.

In dry mountainous paftures, as on the fides of
the hills by DudifionLoch, &c. h. VI.

The ftalk is crouded with ftrait unequal prickles :
the leaves are pinnated with nine fmall roundifh
Foliola : the flowers are creanvcolor'd, and the
fruit black when ripe : the footllalks of the
leaves and flowers often vary without prickles.
The variegated rofe mentioned by Sibbald^ as
growing upon a hill at his Ciphian farm, is only
a variety of this, ^'id. Scot, illufi, /. 2.

arvenfis 2. ROSA germinibus globofis pedunculifq. glabris,
caule petiolifque aculeatis, Boribus cymofis. Lhu
mantifs. p. 245, Hudf. Angl p. 1^2. (Oed. Ban.
t. 398. ut. a Linnceo citata.)

White-flowcr'd Dogs- Rofe. Anglis.

In hedges. Dr. Farfons, T?. VII.

This is arm'd with but few prickles, and the leaves
are larger than the preceding, and not fo round r
the flowers are white, and grow feveral together,
fo as to form a kind of umbel.

"Mofa 2. R-OSA germinibus globofis pedunculifque hifpidis,
caule aculeis fparfls, petiolis aculeatis, foliis to-
mentofis. Sp. pL 704. (Park, par. 41 8 j
The Apple-Rofe. Anglis.
About Killin, in Breadalbane, and upon the coiifl of

Fife, &c. T? . Vll.
The leaves are pinnated generally with five hoary
S 3 obtule

262 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

obtufe Foliola : the peduncles and germina are
covered with fmall prickles : the petals red, the

■ fruit large, fphasrical, black when ripe, and fcat-

tered over with flifF hairs,-aft^ innocent prickles.

** Germinihus ovatis.

'anina 4. R* germinihus ovatis pedunculiq. glabris, caule pe-

tiolifq. aculeatis. Sp. pi. 704. (Ger. em. 1270,/. 3.

Blakwell, /. 8)

Briar-Rofe, red-flower'd Dogs-Rofe, or Hep-Tree.
Anglis.

An fhearr-dhris. Gaulis.

In hedges and paftures. b . VI.

The ftalks are thinly arm'd with fharp crooked
fpines : the leaves are pinnated with feven and
fbmetimes nine fmooth toliola, oval, a little acute,
and glaucous underneath : the peduncles and
germina are fmooth : the petals flefh-color'd,
Iweet-fccnced and em^inated : the fruit oval or
urn-fhap'd, fmooth and red v^'hen ripe.

The pulp of the fruit feparated from the feeds, and
mixed with wine and fugar, makes a jelly much
efteem'd in fome countries. The bark with cop-
peras d)es black.

ROSA germinibus ovatis, caule pedunculifq. acu-
leatis, foliis fubtus glandulofo-pilofis. {Ger. em.
1272./. I. adfiniftram)

The Swect-biiar. Anglis^

In the hedges about Red-Hall. Dr. Varfons. h . VI.

The ftalk is armed with many crooked fpines : the
leaves are pinnated generally v/ith five, but fome-

times

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 263

times feven foliola, nearly round, fmooth on the
upper fide, but ciliated on the edges, and cover'd
underneath with numerous fhort capillary glands,
having fmall red fphaerical vifcid heads, which
are the caufe of an agreeable fcent in the leaves,
refembling that of a ripe apple : the ftipulas are
ciliated, and the footftalks of the leaves cover'd
with the fame kind of glands : the peduncles are
of a reddilli color, covered with ftrait prickles,
intermixed with glands : the calyx has the like
glands : the flov/er is fmall and flefli-color'd : the
fruit oval, black when ripe, either fmooth or
nightly prickled.
The Rofa Eglanteria^ of Linnaus^ produces a yel-
low flower, and in other refpefts differs from the
plant we have now defcribed ; and as no fpecies
defcribed by that author feems to agree with ours,
it was thought more advifeable to give it a new
name, than to confound it with other fpecies.

RUBUS. Ge7i,pL 632.

Cal. 5-lidus. Fetala 5. Bacca compofita acinis

monofpermis.

* Frutefcentes,

RUBUS foliis quinato-pinnatis ternatifque, caule
aculeato, petiolis canaliculatis. Sp. pi. 706. {Ger.
em. 1272./. 2 . BlakwelL /. 2 8 9 j

The Rafpberry-bufh. AngUs.

Preas-fubh-craoibh, Gaulis.

In

264 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

In ftoney mountainous places, as under Salijlniry-
CraigSy and in the ifland of Lamlajh^ on the fouth-
eaft fide of Jrran^ &:c. h . VL
The ftalks are nearly eredl, and arm'd with fmall
flrait prickles : the leaves are ferrated and hoary
underneath : the peduncles rough and hairy.
In the ifle of Skye the juice or a fyrup of the fruit is
frequently ufed as an agreeable acid for making
of punch, inftead of oranges or lemons. A i
diftill'd water from the fruit is cooling, and very I
beneficial in fevers.

e^Jius 2. R. foliis ternatis fubnudis ; hiteralibus bilobis, caule
aculeato tereti. Sp. pL 706. (J. Bauji. II. p. 59J
The Dewberry- bufh. ylngi'js. i

Under hedges, and in v/afte places in the lowlands, !
but not very common, b . VII. i

The ftalks generally lie proftrate on the ground :
the leaves are ferrated, and downy underneath,
but not hoary : the fruit is blue when ripe, com- ,
pofed but of few Acinic and tafting like a mul-
berry.

frufiicofus RUBUS foliis quinato-digitatis ternatifque, caule
3. petiolifque aculeatis. Sp. pi. 707. {Ger. em. 1272.

/. I. BlakwelL t. 45)
The common Bramble. Anglis.
In woods and hedges, h . VII.
The ftalks are remarkably long, weak, a little an-^
gular, and furnifhed with ftrong crooked prickles:]
the lower leaves grow five together, upon one:

commor

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 265

common rib ^ the upper ones only three, having
a fine white foft down on their under fide, and
unequally ferrated on their edges : the middle
leaf is largefl, heart-fhap'd, and ftands on a foot-
ftalk i the others are fefTile : the flowers grow in
a loofe clufter, two or three upon a peduncle.
The fruit when ripe is black and gloily.
The leaves are aftringent and drying j a cataplafm
made of them has been found ferviceable in the
cryfipelas. The juice of the berries, fermented,
will make a tolerably good wine.

** Herhacei.

R. foliis ternatis nudis, flagellis reptantibus herba-
ceis. S'p.-pl 708. {Oed.Dan. t. 134 opt.Gef\em.

I273-/-4)

Stone Bramble, Anglis.

Roebuck-Berries. Scotis.

Caora-bada miann, Ruiteaga. Gaulis.

In Honey or rough mountainous places not unfre-
quent, as at Bunkeld and Blair, and about Loch-
Rannoch^ in Perlhjhire, Sic. T? . Vlf.

The ftalk lies proftrate : the young flioots are very
long, trailing, hairy, and furnifhed with innocent
prickles : the leaves are fmooth, the berries red
when ripe, and confifl: of a few large diftind
acini, not cohering together : they arc very acid
alone, but eaten with fugar they make an agree-
able delert, and are efteem'd antifcorbutic.

RuJ/iam

266 , ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

C^Ar^RuJjians ferment them with honey, and extra6l a
potent fpirit from them.

RUBUS foliis fimplicibus lobatis, caule inermi uni-
floro. Sp. pi. 708. (Oed.Dan. t. i.Flor. Lappon.

Cloud-berries, Knot-berries, or Knout-berries. ^;z^//j.
Lus-nan eighreag. Gaulis.

Upon the highland mountains in wet moorifli places
not uncommon, as upon Ben-Lcmovd^ about two
thirds of the way to the top, upon the moun-
tains about Lcch-Rannoch^ in Perthpire, and
numberlefs other places 'h . VI.
This plant is dicecious above ground, but, accord-
ing to a curious obfervation made by Dr. Sola7t-
der., the roots of the male and female unite to-
gether under th^ earth, fo as to render the plant
truly moncecious.
The ftalk is ereft, about fix or eight inches high,
unbranch'd, and bearing generally but two leaves,
though ibmc times three, growing alternate upon
footftalks : each leaf is divided a little way down
into five obiufe lobes, unequally ferrated on the
edges, and plaited at the nerves, having a pair
of oval StipuU at the bafe of the footftalk : a
fmgle white flower terminates the ftalk, confifting
of five, and frequently only four bluntly oval
petals. I'he berry is the fize of a mulberry,
when ripe of an orange color, confifting of ten
or twelve larpe acini, of a wateridi or fubacld
tafte.

The

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 267

The Swedes and Nor'uuegians efteem the berries to be
an excellent antifcorhiitic : they preferve great
quantities of them in the autumn to make tarts,
and other confections , The Lap!a?iders bruife
and eat them as a delicious food in the milk of
the rein deer ; and to preferve them through the
winter, they bury them in fnow, and at the re-
turn of fpring find them as freili and good as
when firfl gathered.

In the highlands of Scotland we fiw them produced
at table as a defert.

FRAGARIA. Gen. pi. 6^3.
Cal. lo-fidus. Petala 5. Receptaculum feminum

ovatum, baccatum, deciduum.
FRAGARIA flagellis reptantibus. Syjl. nat. 240.
Sp. pi 708. (Ger. em. 997./. i ^ 2. Moris, hijl.
f. 2. t. 19. /. I. in medio ordinis fuperioris. Pet.
herb. t. 40./. 7;

The Wood Strawberry. Anglis.

Subh-lair, Subh-thalmhainn. Gaulis.

In woods frequent. %. V. VII.

The root and leaves are aftringent and vulnerary :
the fruit will diffolve the tartar of the teeth, with-
out acrimony ; they have alfo a diuretx quality,
and are found ferviceable in the ftone and gra-
vel. Hoffman recommends them in fevers and
confumptions, and Linnaeus fays, tliat bv eatino-
plentifully of them everyday, he kept'himfelf
ulmoll free from the gout. A diftill'd v/ater, or

wine,

268 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

wine, as well as the fruit itfelf, may be ufed in
cafes of the ftone, and a fyriip in fevers.

Jlerilis 2. FRAGARIA caule decumbente, ramis fioriferis

laxis. Syft. nat. ^50. S;p. pi. 709. {Vaill. parts, t.

10./. I. bona. Ger. em. 998./. 3. Pet. herb. t. 40.

/. 8. Moris, hifi.f. 1. t. 19./. s)
Barren Strawberry. Anglis. j

In woods and on dry banks, as at Meavis-Bank,'

&c. Dv.FarJons. n. IV. V.

It has no trailing filiform runners like the preced-
ing, and the fruit is dry and pulplefs : the leaves
are bluntly oval, ferrated, downy, and of a filky
white underneath •, their footftalks remarkably
hairy : the flower ftalks are downy, weak, and
filiform : the petals whiter than the preceding,
and more deeply emarginated.

POTENTILLA. Gen. pL 634.
Cal. lo-fidus. Fetala 5. Sem. fubrotunda, nuda,
receptaculo parvo exfucco affixa.
* Foliis pinnatis.
anferina i. POTENTILLA foliis pinnatis ferratis, caule re-
pente, pedunculis unifloris. Syjl. nat. p. 350. Sp.
pi. j\o. {Ger. em. (^93. Moris, hijt. f. 2. t. 20./.
4. ordiuis ft'ctindi. Pet. herb. t. 41./. u.Blahvell.

'■ ^-^

Silver-weed, or Wild-Tanfey. Anglis,
Moor-Grals. Scctis.
Bar-a'- bhrifeein. Gaulis,

By

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 269

By way -fides, and in low grounds, and places where
water has Hood in the winter, and in fandy foil
very common. V-. VII.

The leaves confift of ten or twelve pair of oval-
lanceolate, and acutely-ferrated pim^, growino-
larger by degrees towards the end of the leaf,
and having fmaller ones intermixed between
them : the phm^ are hairy, and white under-
neath, fhining hke fatin : the flowers are yellow.

It has an aftringent quality, but is rarely ufed in
medicine.

The roots tafte like parfneps, and are frequently-
eaten by the common people in Scotland^ either
roaft or boiled.

In the illands of Tirey and Col they are much
efteemed, as anfwering in fome meafure the pur-
pofcs of bread, they having been known to fup^
port the inhabitants for months together, dur-
ing a fcarcity of other provifions. They put a
yoke on their ploughs, and often tear up their
pafture grounds, with a view to eradicate the
roots for their ufe ; and as they abound mod in
barren and impoverifh'd foils, and in feafons that
fucceed the worft for other crops, 16 they never
fail to afford a moft feafonable relief to the in-
habitants in times of the greateft fcarcity. A
fingular inftance this of the bounty of provi-
dence to thefe iflands !

Cattle rcje<5l the leaves of this plant, but fwine are
fond of the roots.

** Foliis digitalis.

POTENTILLA

yo ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

i^^gentea 2. POTEN i ILLA foliis quinatis ciineiformibus m-
cifis fubtus tomentofis, caiile eredo. 6^^;. pL jii.
(Ger em. 988./. 7. Moris, hiji. f. i.i. i<). f. iii j
Pet. herb. t. 41./. 5)

I'ormentil Cinquefoil. Anglis.

In dry, barren, fandy, or ftoney foils, but not com-
mon. In the den oi Bethaick, ncav Perth., &c. .
K.VIT. I

The calyces are hoary, as well as the under fide of
the leaves ; ?nd the petals yellow.

i-erna 3. P. foliis radicalibus quinatis acute ferratis retufis,
caulinis rernatis, caule dcclinato. 6^. pL 712,
i'Tabernamont. ic. 123. Cranz.p. 12. /. i.f. i. Ger.
em. 988./. 8. Cs? CI us. HiJL 2. p. 106. ^inquefcL
4 prima /pedes, (fed Folia quinata non exprejja., ta-
men dejcripta) Ger. em. 989./. 9. ^ Ous. Wfi. 2.
p. \q6. ^linquefol. ^. Jecunda /pedes, non recedunt ■
a no/ra planta quamvis a Linnao dtata pro P. \
opacci. vtec di£imiiis e/l. P. aurea. Oed. Dmi. /. 1 14. ■
/eu Clus. bi/i, 2. p. 106. ^dnauef. 3 J
Vernal Cinquefoil. Jn:Jis. j

Upon rocky mountainous paflures, as on tlieS. W. ■
fide of the rocks under Arthur' s-S eat., and
near tlie top of Creg-chaiUech, a mountain near
Finlarig., \n Breadalbane., &:c. 'U.V.VI. !

Many reclining hairy ftalks arife from a long woody ;
root, covered with brown fcales : the radical
leaves Rand 'on long hairy footftalks, confining
of fivr trianp-.ular or vvcdge-niap'd Foiiola, arifing

from

ICGSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 271

from one point, which are ferrated on the upper
part generally with five but fomet'mes Teven pa-
rabohc dents, of which the central or exn-f-nie
one is the fliorteft : below the middle tliefc FclioU
have their edges entire, and are a little hairy on
both fides, but more lb on their edges. At the
bafe of the footftalks of the radical leaves are
two entire, lanceolate, hairy ttipul^. Upon the
flower-ftalks are wide, oval, lanceolate BraSiea^
which frequently coalefec at their bafe, and fup-
port between them a feffile leaf, divided into
three lobes, the central of which ij often triiid:
thefe Bratie^ are placed uiuler ihe ramifications
of the ftalk ^ for on the peduncles they are op-
pofite, fimple, and undivided. The Calyces are
hairy, the expanded Corclh a little more than
half an inch in diameter, the Petals either uni-
formly yellow, or fometimes orange-color'd at
the bafe.

The P. opaca be curea differ fo little from the P.
verna^ that Haher feems to think the firll ought
not to be diftinguifhed from it, (Hifi. Stirp. HeU
vet. n. 1 1 2c) and Scopoli aflirms the fecond to be
only a variety of it {Flor. Carniol 77.621.) They
differ only o^uoad tnajus ^ minus, but the general
habit, foil, figure of the petals, roots and leaves,
agree in all.

POTENTILLA foliis quinatis, caule repente, pe-
dunculis unifioris. Sp. pi. 714. {Ger. em. 987. /.

I. Moris.

2 72 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

1. Moris, hifi. f,[2. i. 19. /. 7. Pet. herb. f. 41.
/.3.)

Common Cinqiiefoil, or five-leav'd Grafs. Jnglis.
In damp clayey foils, but not very frequent. 'U.
VII.

The root and leaves are aftringent and vulnerary.
A decodion of them has been found ferviceable ,
in dyfenteries and asues. '

i

TORIMENTILLA. Gen. pi. 63^- j

Cal. 8-fidus. Pelala 4. Sem. fubrotunda, recepta-
culo parvo exfucco affixa.

€re.Ja i. TORMENTILLA caule ereftiufculo, foliis fefTi-
libus. Sp. pL 716. {Ger. em. 992. Moris, hijl. f.\

2. /. 19./. 13. Blakwell. t. 445.)

Tormentil orScptfoil. Jnglis,

Bar-braonan-nan-con. Gaulis.

In barren pailures, moors and heaths almofV every
where, il . VII.

The roots confift of thick tubercles, an inch or
more in diameter, replete with a red juice, of
an aftringent quality. They are ufed in moll oi
the weftern ifles, and in the Orkntes^ for tanning
of leather ; in which intention they are proved,
by feme late experiments, to be fuperior even
to the oak- bark. They are firfl of all boiled ir
water, and the leather afterwards fteeped in th(
cold liquor. In the iflands of ^'irey and Col thf
inhabitants have deftroyed fo much ground b)

digginc:

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 273

digging them up, that they have lately been pro-
hibited the ufe of them.
A decodion of thefe roots in milk is alfo frequently
adminiftrcd by the inhabitants of the fame iilands
in diarrhseas and dyfenteries, with good fuccefs ;
but perhaps it would be moft proper not to give
it in dyfenteries till the morbid matter be firit
evacuated. A fpirituous extrad of the plane
flands recommended in the fea-fcurvy, for to
ftrengthen the gums and faften the teeth. Lin-
naiis informs us, that the Laplanders paint their
leather of a red color with the juice of the roots.

TORMENTILLA caule repente, foliis petiolatis.

Sp. pi. -Jib. {Pet. herb. t. 41./. 10, Plot. nat. ox.

C. 6. §. 7. ^ 9./. 5-)
Creeping Tormentil. Anglis,
In barren grounds, but not common. Sibhald. %.

VIII.
It greatly refembles the POTENTILLA reptans,

for the flowers have frequently five petals.

GEUM. Ge?i. pi. 6^6.
CaL 10-fidus. Peiala 5. Sem. arifta geniculata.
GEUM floribus ereftis, frudibus globofis villofis ;
arillis uncinatis nudis, foLis lyratis. Sp. i>l 716.
(Ger. em. 994-/. i- P^i- k^^^- ^- 4°- /• i-BlahjjdL

. t' 253)

Common Avens or Herb-Benner. AngUs.

in ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

In woods and hedges frequent. % . VI.

The root is thick, brown, woody, and of a conical
iigure, fmelling fometimes in the fpring like
cloves : the leaves are hairy and pinnated, the
two or three loweft pairs being very fmall, and
the extreme one very krge, and divided into
three lobes : the ftipuls are large, and deeply
indented : the flowers are frnall and yellow : the
beards of the feeds hooked.

The root is aftringent : an infufion of it in wine,
or thirty or forty grains of the powder, is efteem'd
a good medicine at the end of a dyfentery.

rivak 2. G. floribiis nutantibus, frudu oblongo ; ariftis pki-
mofis tortis. Sp. pi. 717. Syjl.nat, 352. ifier.em.
995,/. 4. Pet, herb. t. 40 /. 3)

Red Water Avens. Anghs.

In wet and moorifn grounds very oomnion. %. VII.

The flowers of this are pendulous : the calyces cy-
lindrical, and of a dull red color : the petals
erefl, emarginated, red and vein'd.

It is found beneficial in diarrhasas and hasmorrha-
gies, and in Canada we are told it is ufed inftead
of bark for ague-..

DRYAS. Gen. pi 637.
CaJ. 8-fidus. Petala 8. Sem. caudata, pilofa.
DRYAS odopetala, foliis fimplicibus. Syji. nat.
352. Sp. pi. 717. (Oed. Dan. t. 31. Ger. em. 6§^.
f, 6. i^ voy. HehrideSy xxxiii.)

The

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 275

The Dryas, or Mountain Avens. Anglis.

Upon the highland mountains in many places, as
upon talky foils on the eaftern fides of Maol-
ghlas, Mal-grea, and Creg-chailkch^ in Breadal-
bane, and plentifully upon the limefbone rocks of
Ben-huarda(^ &c. in the parifh of Chriji-Church,
in Strath-Swardlef, in the ifle of Skye-, and ftill
more abundantly for tw© miles together upon a
va<l limeftone rock called Creg-achnocam^ upon
the boundaries of Coygach ^ Aj[ynt^ juft on the
confines of Rofsjloire and Sutherland, about ten
miles from Loch-Broom, in the road to Lead-hegy
upon the weftern coaft. It has likewife been
found by my often-mentioned friend, Mr. Stuart^
upon the top of Carn-dearg, one of the lower
heads of Ben-fguilert, a high mountain ,in Glert'
Creran -, and near the top of Malmore, in Glen-co^
both in the diftridls of Upper-Lorn, in Argyk-
Jloire. n. VI.

The ftalk and branches are woody and perennial,
lying flat upon the ground, and fpreading wide
about the root in tufts : the leaves are evergreen,
oval, ferrated, hard and ftiff, of a dark green
wrinkled furface on tlie upper fide, and hoary
underneath, having woolly footilalks : the pe-
duncles are downy, fcattered with purple hairy
glands, and bearing fingle flowers, confiding ge-
nerally of eight white petals. It has never yet
been found in England.

The DRYAS pentapetala, mentioned by Sihbald,
T 2 *s

2^6 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNlA.

as growing in the den of Bethaick, four miles
from. Perth, is now not to be found there -, pof-
fibly the POTENTILLA argent ea was miftaken
for it.

COMARUM. Gen. pi. 638.

Cal. lo-fidus. Petala ^, calyce minora. Receptee.
feminum ovatum, fpongiofum, perfiftens.
pahifire 1. COMARUM. Sp. pi. 71K. {Ger. em. 987. /, 4.
Moris, hijl. f. 2. /. 19./. 4. i^ ejus var. Pluke-
net. t. 212. f. 2. Pet. herb. t. 41./. 2)

Purple Marfb Cinquefoil. Anglis.

In peat-bogs and marfhes frequent. %. VII.

The ftalks iare proftrate and creeping : the leaves
are pinnated with five or feven oval, fcrrated Fo-
lioia, the odd one at the end being largeft : the
flowering ftems are red, and a foot and a half
high, bearing feveral flowers towards the top :
the Calyces are large, and of a dull purple, or
blood color, confitting of ten fegments, alter-
nately great and fmall : the Petals are much
fmaller than the Calyx., of the fame color, and
liguldte or tongue -Iliap'd : the Stamina are of the
fame -color as the Petals : the AntheriC yellow,
and the P^eceptacle of the feeds, wlien ripe, tu-
mid and flefliy.
The roots will dye wool of a red color, and have
aflringency enough to tan leather.

CLAS3IS

P O L Y A N D R I A. 277

C L A S S I S XIII.
POLYANDRIA

M O N O G Y N I A.

* Teirapet^li.

PAPAVER Cal 2-phyllus. Capfula i-locularis,

coronata.
CHELIDONIUM. Cal 2-phyllas. Siliqua.

* Penlapetali.

GISTUS. Caps, fubrotunda. Cat. 5-phyiIi, foliola

2, minora.
TILIA. Caps. 5 locularis, coriacea, i-fperma. Cal.

declduus.

* Polypetali.
NYMPH^A. Bacca. multilocularis, corticofa.
Cal. magnus.

T R I G Y N I A.

Refeda Luteola.

PENTAGYNIA.
AQUILEGIA. C^/. nullus. C^r. 5-petala. Nesla-
via ;„ inferne cornuta.

T 3 POLYGYNIA,

278 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

POLYGYNIA.

THALICTRUM. Cal nullus. Cor, 4-s. 5-petaIa.
Sem. plurima, fubmutica, nuda.

HELLEBORUS. Cal nullus. Cor. 5-petala, per-
fiilens, iV'^^^n^ pi ur a. Caps, polyipermas.

CALTHA. Cal nullus. Cor. 5-petala. Cap.
plurimas. Neciaria nulla.

ANEMONE. Cal nullus. C(?r. 6-petaIa. 5'm. plu-
rima.

TROLLIUS. Cal nullus. Cor, 14-petala. Ne5!aria
YmeanaCapfuU monofpcrms.

RANUNCULUS. Cal 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala.
Sem. plurima. Peiala ungue nedlarifero.

MONOGYNIA.

* Flores tetrapetal'u
CHELIDONIUM. Gen. pi 647.
Cor. 4'petala. Cal 2-phyllus. Siliqua i-Iocularls,
linearis.
najus I. CHELIDONIUM pedunculis umbellatis. 5'^.^/.
723. (Miller, ic. 92./. i.Blakwell t. ^i. Ger. em.
1069./. i)
Celandine. Anglis.
In wafte places about towns and villages, but not

common. %. VL
The whole plant is full of a yellow, bitter, acrid
juice, eileemed good in the jaundice and dropfy.
Tr is ufed outwardly to take away warts, tetters,

ringworms,

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 279

ringworms, &c. and diluted with rofe- water, to
take fpecks and films off the eyes,

C. pedunculis unifloris, foliis amplexicaulibus fm"
uatis, caule glabro. Sp. pi. 724. (Ger. em. 367.
/.I. Pet. herb. t. 52./. 7)

Yellow-horned Poppy. AugUs.

Upon the fea coalls near the ^ie ens- Ferry., and at
Charles T^own., the great lime-works of Lord
Elgin, ^c. G. VIJ,

The leaves are roughly hairy and glaucous : tht
flowers yellow, fucceeded by a rough cylindrical
curved pod, fix inches long, terminated with a
conical Stigma., divided into four lobes : the pod
has two cells, divided by a fpongy partition, in
jwhich the feeds are imbedded.

PAPAVER. Gen. pi. 648.

Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Caps, i-locularis, fub
ftigmate perfiilente poris dehiicens.
* Cap/ulis hifpidis.
P. capfulis clavatis hifpidis, caule foliofo muki-
fioro. c)p. pi. 725. [Ger. em. 373./. 2. Moris, hifi.
f. 3./. 14./. 10. Fet. herh.t. 52./. 6j
Long rough-headed Poppy. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. Y)v. Varfons. G-
VL

* * Capfiiiis giahris.

P. capfulis glabris globofis, caule pllofo mukifloro,

foliis

2^0 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

foliis p5nnatifidis incifis. Sp. pi. 726, {Ger. em,
371./. I. Moris, hijl.f. 3. /. 14./. 6. Pet. herb,
t. 5^'f'^)

Red Poppy, or Corn Poppy, or round fmooth-
headed Poppy. Anglis.

In corn fields. Dr. Farfons and Sibbald. q. VII.

The leaves are hairy : the hairs on the ftalk are
patent or horizontal : the petals of a bright
fcarlet color, with black purple ungues, and
much larger than in the other ipecies of this
genus : the capfuks not properly fphserical, but
of a fhort bluntly-oval figure.

A conferve, intufion, or lyrup of the flowers, is
efteemed as a gentle l^arcotic and Anodyne.

dubitim 3. P. capfulis oblongis glabris, caule multifioro fetis
adprelTis, foliis pinnatifidis incifis. Sp. pi. 726.
{Moris, hijf. f. 3. /. 14./. 11. Pet. herb, t. 52.

/• 3;

Long fmooth-headed Poppy. Anglis.
In corn fields, &c. the moil: common kind in North-
Britain. G. VII,

** Flcres pentapetali.

TILIA. Gen. pi. 660.
Ccr. 5-pctala. Cal. 5-partitus. Bacca ficca, glo-
bofa, 5-locularis, 5-valvis, bafi dehifcens.
eurcp^a i.* TJLIA fioribus nedlario deftitutis. Sp. pi. 733.
(Ger. emac. 1483./, i. Blakwel t. 469)

The

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 281

The Lime or Linden-Tree. Ajtglis.

In walks and avenues, as at Inverar)\ &c. but pro-
bably not indigenous, b . VII.

The leaves are heart-fliap'd, with the apex pro-
duced, and ferrated on the edges : the nerves on
the under fide have hairy or fpongy clufters at
their divifions : the peduncles are furnifhed with
a remarkable foliaceous Bra^ea or ligament of
an elliptic form : the flowers grow m a thin um-
bel, from three to nine together, of a whitilh
color, and fragrant fmel) j very grateful to bees.

The wood is light, fmooth, and of a fpongy tex-
ture, uled for making lafts and tables for fhoe-

makers, &c.

Ropes and bandages are made of the bark, and
mats and rufbic garments of the inner rind in
Carniola^ and fome other countries,

CISTUS. Ccn.-^l 673.

Cor. 5-petala. Cat. 5-phylliis, fcliolis duobus mi-

r.oribus.

CISTUS fuffruticofus procumbens, fdpulis lancco-
latis, foliis oblongis revolutis fubpilofis. Ep, 'pi.
744. [pcd. Ban. t. loi. opi. Loefel Flor, Prujf,
43. /. 8. bona. Ger. em. 12S2./. 3 ?;
Dwarf Cifcus, or little Snn flower. Anglis,
In dry paftures and rocky evpofuif 3, but not very
common ; as upon the hills in the king's park at

Ji.dinhurghy

282 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

Edinburgh, and in the ifland of Li/more fplenti-
fully. b. VII. & VIII.
The petals are yellow, thin and flaccid, like thofc
of the poppy.

■*** Flores poly pet ali,

NYMPH.^A. Cyen. pi 653.

Cor. polypetala. Cal. tetra feu pentaphyllus. Baccs
multilocnlaris truncata.
!fea I. NYMPHiEA foliis cordatis integerrimis, calyce
petalis majore pentaphyllo. Sp. pi. 729. (Blak-
ivell. t. 497. 498. b. 500. Ger. em. 819./. 2)

Yellow Water-Lilly. Anglis.

In lakes and ditches, but not very common. Sib-
bald and Dr. Farfons. r^. VIII.

The leaves are imooth, plane, tough and pliant,
ten or twelve inches in diameter, and float upon
the furfacc of the water : the leaves of the Caiyx
are tough, and yellow witliin : the Petals are
yellow, much fmaller than the Calyx, in num-
ber from 14 to 20, furrow'd and crenated : the
Stamina are more numerous, at the fir(t expan-
lion of the flower adhering clofely to the fruit,
but afterwards are reflexed : the flower blooms
out of the water, but the fruit reverts and ripens
its feed under it. This fruit is of a pear-fliap'd,
or oval-conic figure, crowned with a flat radi-
f ated Difc or Stigma, conflfling of as many ray^.
as the fruit has cells, like as in the poppy.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 283

Linn^us tells us that fwine are fond of the leaves
and roots of this plant •, and that crickets and
Blattcs, or cock-roaches may be driven out of
houfes by the fmoke in burning of it.

N. foliis cordatis integerrimis, calyce quadrifido.
Sp. pi. 729. (BlakwelL t. 49H, 499, 500. Ger. cm.
819./. I)

White Water Lilly. Anglis.

An duillcag-bhait', Rabhagach. GauUs.

In lakes and ditches very frequent. 'U , VII & VIII.

The leaves of this are much like the precedinp-,
but rather larger : the Petals are white, from 16
to 20 in number, wider than the leaves of the
Calyx, and more oval, the exterior ones approach-
ing to the nature of the Calyx, the interior ones,
which are gradually fmaller, to the Stamina : the
number of Stajnina is 68 or 70, and the outer-
mofl of thefe do agr.in refemble the inner Petals,
fo that the flower in ics natural ftate has the ap-
pearance of being double. It raifes itfelf out of
the water, and expands about fev^n o'clock in
the morning, and clofes again, repofino; upon
the furface, about four in the evening. Ths
fruit is fphasrical, crowned with a radiated diic,
like the preceding.

The root has an aftringent and bitter tafle, like tho
roots of moil aquatic plants that run deep into
the mud. The highlanders make a dye with it
of a dark chefnut color.

PENTAGYNIA.

284 POLYANDRTA FOLYGYNIA.

PENTAGYNIA.

AQUILEGIA. Gen. pi. 684.
Cat. o. Petala 5. Ne6laria 5, cormculata, inter i
petala. Caps. 5 diftincftse. '^

vulgaris i. AQUILEGIA nedtariis incurvis. iS/>.^/. 752. {Blak-
well t. 409. Ger. em. logo^. f. 1. Moris, hiji. /
12. /. i.f. I. ordinis ivfimi)
Columbines. Anglis,

In woods not unfrequent, as in Collington woods» :
&c. Dr. F:^;j.n.,. 1;. VI. '

POLYGYNIA.

ANEMONE. Gen.pl 694.
Cc.l. o. Petala 6-9. Semina plurima.

nemorofa i. ANEMONE feminibus acutis, foliolis incifis, caule
unifioro. ^p. pi. ^(y':.. {Ger. em. 3B3. /. 2. Fei,
herb. t. 40./. 9. Moris. hiJl hijl. f. 4. /. 28./
ic.)

The Wood Anemone. Anglis.

In woods frequent, as at Rojlin, Sec. 11. V.

The petals are white, often tinged on the outfide
with red, and are generally fix in number. They
clofe together in rainy weather, and the flower
hangs downwards. IJnnaus fays, that eating of
this herb v.-ill caufe cattle to make bloody water,
and bring on a dyfentery.

THALICIRUM.

minus 2.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 285

THALICTRUM. Gen. pi. 6gy.
Cal. o. Petala 4 in plerifque. Semina nuda ecau-

data.
THALICTRUM caule foliofo fulcato, panicula
multiplici ere6la. Sp. pi. y-o. [Ger. em. 1251./. i.
Gefneri icon csn. p. 79)
Meadow Rue. Anglis.

On the banks of rivers, but rare. At North-
^leen's-Ferry^ m Fifepire. Dv. Parfons. il.VII.
It lias commonly 24 Stamina, and Pijlils from 10 to
16. It varievfoiTietimes with leaves divided in-
to much narrower lobes, and more wrinkled, as
figured by Mcrifon among his umbelliferous-
plants, tab. 12. ^ hiji.f. 9. /. 20./. 3.
The root and leaves will dye a yellow color. Cattle
are fond of this plant.

THALICTRUM foliis fexpartitls, floribus cernu-
is. Sp.pl. 769. [per. em. 1251./. 2. Seguier.'ve-
ron., 476. /. 1 1. CEder. Dan. t. 244. y^i. minus ra-
mofa. Moris, hift. f. ^. t. 20. f. 12)

The lefler Meadow-Rue. Anglis.

In fandy foils and mountainous paftures not un-
common. We obferved great quantities of it
about Kil-chomin in Ila., and at I-columb-kill, in
fandy grounds. Mr. Stuart found it in the paf-
tures about Loch-Rannoch., in Perthjhire, and in
many other places. "4. VII.

The ftalk is ftriated, and about a foot high : the
leaves grow lax and divaricated, having rigid

iboticalks ;

;86 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

footftalks ', they are fmooth and glaucous, and
their lobes generally trifid : the panicle is branch'd
and open, and the flowers nod : the petals are of
a pale green, tinged with red : the Stamina are
from fifteen to twenty ; the feeds deeply ftriated,
in number from two to feven.

pinum 2' T. caule fimpliciflinio fubnudo, racemofimplici ter-
minal!. cp.pL 767. (Oed. Dan. t. 11. opt. Moris,
hiji.fs 9. /. 20./. 14. Pet, herb. t. 71. /. 12. {f?
fig. noji.)
, Alpine Meadow- Rue. An^Iis.

By the fides of rivulets on the highland mountains
frequent, as upon Maol-ghlas^ in Breadalbane,
and the mountains about Loch-Rannoch, in Perth-
JJoire ; on Baikevail, in the ifland of Rum ; on
Ben-na-Grion, tv;o miles above M'Kennon's caftle,
in Strath, in the ifle of Skye •, on Ben-na-Scree,
above Arnefdale, by the fide of Loch Urn, on the
vveftern coaft of Invernefsjhire, and numberlefs
other places. It has likewife been obferved in
the lowlands, as upon Hart-Fell, near Moffatt,
in Annandale, by Mr. Sheffield, Fellow of IVor-
cejier college, in Oxford, "V. VI. VII.

It is an elegant little plant, about a finger's length
in height, and truly alpine : the leaves all arife
from the root, the ftalk being naked and un-
branched : the flowers nod, and have four Pe-
tals, twelve Stamna and eight Pifiills.

RANUNCULUS.

///////f ■//'/

'7/ ///
///////////// .

./.

?yu^'//j

//.=.,v 0'r//'//>' y.'/'.

^, A5r^^

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 28;

RANUNCULUS. Gen. pi 699.
Cai, 5-phyllus. Fetala 5 intra ungues poro melli-

fero. Sem. nuda.
Obs. Charader effentialis Confijiit in Ne^ario\ re-
liqu<£partes fruSiificationis in conji antes-, hincNe5fario
incognito^ tanta confufio generis.
Neftarium hoc autem in aliis porus nudus^ in aliis
margine cylindraceo cin^uSj in aliis fq^uamula emar-
ginata claufus.

* Foliis Jimplicibus.

RANUNCULUS foliis lanceolatis, canle eredlo.
Sp. pi. jj^. {Ger. ejn. 961. /. i. Moris, hiji. f. 4.
i' ^9'f' 33- Pef- ^'^rb. /. ^(^.f. 5)

Great Spearwort. Angiis.

By the fides of lakes and in deep muddy ditches,
but not common. At the end of Didijion-Loch^
near Edinburgh, Dr. Parfons. %. VII.

The ftalk is two or three feet high, hollow, ere<5t,
and branched towards the top : the leaves are
(lightly denticulated on the edges, hairy and
rough to the touch, feffile, and Iheathing the
ftalk at their bafe : the Calyx is a little hairy :
the flower is of a fhlning yellow color, an inch
or more in diameter : the nedariferous pore at"
the bafe of the petal has a prominent fcale over
it» The whole plant is acrid and cauftic.

RANUNCULUS.

1^88 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

3ammidai RANUNCULUS foliis ovato lanceolatis petiola-
tis, caulc declinato. % ;/. 772, {Ger. €mac.g6i.
f. 2. Moris, hlft.f. 4. /. 29./. 34. & variet.fbliis
fubferratis. Ger. em. Qj6i. f, 3. Moris, hijl.f. 4. /.
29./. ^^. Pet. herb, t.'i'^.f, 6)

LelTer Spcarwort. Anglis.

An lus-mor, Ghlals-icun. Gmlis,

On the fides of lakes and ditches very common, if.
VII-VIII.

The ftalk is often a cubit high, proftrate at the
bafe, but creft upwards and branched : the leaves
are elliptical, of a thick and firm texture, ge-
nerally fmooth, but fometimes a little rough and
hairy, moft commonly entire on the edges, but
Ibmetimes a little ferrated ; they Iheath the flalk
at their bafe like the preceding : the uppermoft
leaves are l.near : the Caiyx is a little hairy, the
flower not above half an Inch in diameter, the
Petals yellow and fhining, the necfariferous pore
encompalTed with a prominent fcale. By this It
appears, that in fome ftates it differs very litde
from the R. Lingua. It varies wonderfully in
magnitude, and in gravelly foils, degenerates to
fuch a trailing dwarf 111 and diminutive fize, with
linear leaves, that it is difficult to diftinguifli it
from the following fpecies.

It has an acrid and cauitic quality, and is ufed in
many parts of the highlands to raile blifters :
ior this purpofe the leaves are well bruifed in a

mortar,

POLYaNDRIA POLYGYNIA. 2 89

mortar, and applied in one or more limpet iliells
to the part where the bliilers arc to be raifed.
This is the pradlice in the ifle of Skye, and other
places upon the coaft.

RANUNCULUS foliis linearibus, caule repente.
Sp. pi. 772. {CEder. Dan. t. \o?>. Fkr. Lappcn. /.

Narrow-leav'd Creeping Spearwort. Anglis.

By the fides of lakes, but rare. At the weft end of
Loch-Lcven/ml^nrofsfknre. Dr. Fa?yons. U. VI L
VIII.

The ftalk is long and flender. It creeps upon the
ground, and takes root at every joint, bur ap-
proaches fo near to fome ftates of the preceding
fpecies, that Haller, in his Hiji^. Stirp. Heh. and
Scopoli, in his Flcr. Carniol. are confident it is no
other than a variety of it, and Limiceus himfeJf
fufpedls the fame.

R. foliis cordatis, angulatis, petiolatis, caule uni-
floro. Syft. nat. Linn. p. 378. ^p. pi. 774. {CEder,
Dan. 499. opt. Ger. em. 816. Blakwell. t. p,i) ■
Pilewort, or leiTer Celandine. Anglis.

Under hedges, on fnady banks and In woods, very
common. '4. IV, V.

The' root confifts of fmall fibres, intermixed with a

clufter of tubercles : the Calyx has generally but

three deciduous leaves, and the flower commonly

eight Petals^ each having a neclariferous emargN

U nated

29£> POLYANDRTA POLYGYNlA.

natcd fcale at its bale. The Stamina are in number
from 1 8 to 36, the Germina from 16 to 24. The
flower opens at nine o'clock in the morning, and
clofes at five in the evening.
The young leaves in the fpring are boiled by the
common people in fome parts of Sweden^ and
eaten as greens. The roots are fometimes wafh'd
bare by the rains, To that the tubercles appear
above ground, and in this ftate have induced
the ignorant, in luperftitious times, to fancy
that it has rained wneat, which thefe tubercles do
a little reicmble. The feeds of this plant com-
monly prove abortive,, but this defcd: in nature
is amply compeniated by its remarkable readi-
nels to encreale by the granulated roots^

•■** J^oliis djjfs£fis y divifis.

iiiii-i comas s RANUNCULUS foliis radicalibus reniformibus
crenatis incifis, caulinis digitatis linearibus, caule
multificro. Sp. pi. 775. (Ger. em. 954- /• 7- ^^^^
herb. t. 3'3.-/. 2. ^ f. 6. Moris, hifi. f. 4. /. 28.

/. .5)

Sv/eet Wood Crowfoot, or Goldilocks. .Anglis.

In woods and fhady places. Upon the banks of
the river oppofite Lcgton wood^ near Dalkeith,
Dr. Parfons. n. V.

The kaves are fmiooth, the radical ones are fome of
them kidncy-fliap'd and crenated, and others di-
vided into three lobes, all fupported by long foor-
il?lks. Tiiofe on the upper part of the ftalk

are

POLYANDRIA MONOGYiNIA. 291

are feffile, digitated, and entire on the edges :
the Calyx (lands open, and is reflexed bsfore it
decays : the petals, in the perfect ilate of the
plant, are five in number, of a fhining yellow-
color, but they a^-e often not above two or three,
and fometimcs none, in tne early flowering fpe-
cimens. This kind has no biting or cauilic quality.

R. foliis infcrioribus palmatis, fummls digitatis,
frudibus oblongis. Sp, fl. 776. {Ger.em, 962./.
4. Blakwell herb. t. 259. Pet. herb. t. 38./. ii)

Celery-leav'd Crowfoot. Anglis.

On the fides of ditches and ponds near towns and
villages not unfrequent. Dr. Parfors. O. VI.

The ftalk is thick and pithy, a cubit high, and
branched : the leaves are all fmooch, the radical
ones fapported by foctftalks, and divided into
three lobes, the lateral ones of v\^hich are trifid .
the ftalk-leaves are palmatedj being deeply di-
vided into narrow fegments ; the iippermoil aie
elliptical.

The flowers are yellow, Hiining and fmall, in pro-
portion to the fize of the plant, and the other
fpccies of this genus : the calyx is yellowifh,
fmooth and refiexcd : the neclariferous pore at
tjie bafe of the petal is furrounded with a pro-
minent margin : the Stamina are in number from
12 to 20 : the receptacle of an oval-conic form.

The whole plant has a moll acrimonious quality ;

if bruiied and laid upon any part of the bodv,

U 2 iz

292 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

it will in a few hours raife a blifcer. Strolling
beggars have been known fometimes purpofely
to make fores with it, in order the more readily
to move compaflion.

hdbofiis 7. RANUNCULUS calycibusretroflexis, pedunculis
fulcatis, caule erefto, foliis compofitis. Sp. pL
778. {Ger. em. 953./. 6. Pet. herb. t. 38. /. 4.^

Bulbous Crowfoot, or Butter-cups. Angih.

In meadows and paftures frequent. %. V.

It has a bulbous root, (leaped like a fmall turnep :
the leaves are hairy, and divided to the bafe into
three lobes, the middle one of which ftands on
a fcotftalk •, thele lobes are again fubdivided half
way down into three others, which are fharply
indented on their edges : the petals are of a
fliining yellow color, having a nectariferous pore
at their bafe, of a bluntly triangular form : the
Stamina are about 60 : the Anthera acuminated.

The whole plant is extremely acrid and corrofive,
efpecially the frefh roots, which will readily raife
a bliftcr, and as fafely as Cantharides ; and yet
notwithftanding this corrofive quality, the roots
v/lien boiled become fo mild as to be eatable.

repem 8. RANUNCULUS calycibus patulis, pedunculis
fulcatis, ftolonibus repentibu?, foliis compofitis.
Li7t.fyji. nat. p. 379. Sp. pi. yyg. (Ger. em. 951.
/. i/B/akzvell. /. 31. Pet. herb. t. 38./. yC^B)
Creeping Crowfoot. AngTis.

Under

PCLYANDRIA FOLYGYNIA. 293

Under hedges and in gardens frequent, '^. VI.

There are often the veftiges of a bulb to be leen
at the root of this plant, which feems to have
been divided into creeping offsets by age, or
fome particular foil or expofure. The great Hal-
ler is of opinion, that this is no other than a va-
riety of the preceding fpecies.

The footftalks of the leaves at the bafe are dilated
into a broad, whitifli membraiie, which em-
braces the ftalk : the neftariferous fcale at the
bale of the petals is broad and ilightly bifid.

R. calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus, foliis
tripartito-multifidis •, fummis linearibus. Sp. pL
779. (Ger. em. 95 k/. 2)

Upright Meadow Crowfoot. Anglis.

In meadows and paftures very common. '^. VU.

The ftalk is erect, cylindrical, two feet high, fiftu-
lar, and very much branched : the leaves are
rough, divided to the bafe into three primary
lobes, the middle one of which is trind ; and the
lateral ones fubdivided into two lobes, each of
which is bifid : the Calyx is fmooth, the Petals
yellow and glolTy, the nectariferous fcale at their
bafe nearly heart- fnap'd : the Stamina from 48
to ^6 i the Germina about 56.

The whole plant is hot and cauftic, readily and
fafely raifing a blifter, without affecting the uria-
arv palTases, by bringing upon the patient a Uran-
eury or the like.

U i The

294 PCLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

The cattle leave this plant untouch'd, at lead the
llalks and flowers of it.

arvevp lo. RANUNCULUS feminibus aculeatis, follis fupe-
rioribus decompofitis linearibus. Sp. pi. 780.
(CEder.Ban. t. 219. cpt. Ger. em. 951./. 'i. Mo-
ris. hift.J. 4. /. 29./. 23^

Corn Crowfoot. Jnglis.

In corn fields, but not common. Dr. Farfons, O.
VI.

The ftalk is a foot high, ered and branched : the
flower is fmall, and of a pale yellow color : the
neflariferous fcale is obfcurely heart-fhaped with
an infledled margin, • the Stamina are about 14
or 15: the feeds 6 or 8, of a round and flatted
figure, both fides echinated or covered with
prickles, the marginal ones being the longed and
largeft. This lalt criterion readily difl:inguilhes
the fpecies.

The juice of this kind is acrid like the preceding.
An ounce of it given to a dog has killed him
in three days, the ftomach being inflamed, cor-
roded and bliftered.

hederacehs RANUNCULUS foliis fubrotundis trilobis inte-
ij. gerrimis, caule repente. Sp» pL 781. {CEder. Dan.

t. ^21. op L Moris, hiji. f. 4. /. 29./. 29. ?etiv.
herb. t. 3H./. 12)
Ivy-leav'd Water Crowfoot. Anglis.

lob-

FOLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 295

I obferved it on the margins of fhallow rivulets,
but not very frequent, 11. V-Vil.

It is a dwariifh creeping plant, overrunning the
rivulets in a mat : the leaves are fmooth, and iup-
ported on long footftalks : the flower is fmali and
^hite, growing one upon a peduncle, oppofite
to the leaf: the Stambia are 5, and fometimes
10,

R. foliis fubnierfis capillaceis, emerfis fubpelcatis.

Sp.pl. 781. {Oed. Dnn. t. yjS. fine fol. pei talis.

bene. Ger. em. 829./. \. fcl. peltcitis.i^ Sz-j.f.^.

fol. capillaceis tantiim. Barrel, ic. c^Gj.fol. pelta-

tis <y capillaceis. ic. 566. fol. capiJaceis tantum.

Petiv. herb. t. ^9- f- i? 2, 3, A-)
Various-leav'd Water Crowfoot. Jnglis.
In lakes, ditches and rivers frequent. % . V.
It varies with and without the peltated leaves : in
" itill v/aters they are commonly feen, but not in

rivers : the Petals are white, with yellow Ungues.

They have no Scale^ bu: only a melliferous Pore

at their bafe, furrcunded with a white circle.

When in flower in the fpring it often makes the

waters appear as white as fnovv.

TROLLIUS. Gen pL 700.

Cal-o. Petala circiter 14. r^/;j, plurim.a;, ovata,-,

monofpcrma;.

europ^us i* TROLLIUS coroilis conniventibus, neftariis Ion-
gitudine llaminum. Sp. pi. 7S2 [Oed. Dan. t.

29^ POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

133. cpt. Mcris. hifi.f. 12. t. 2. /. 2, Qer, em. g^^,
/. 12)

Globe- Flower. Anglis.

Lucken-Gowan, i. e. Cabbagc-Daifie. Scotis.

Ar the foot of mountains, and by the fides of their
rivulets frequent -, as at Brumlanrig, the feat of
the Duke of §)ueenjhiiry^ in Nilhfdaie ; at Corrys-
Lyny the famous fall of the Clyde ; and at Cart-
land rocks, near Lanerk^ &cc. Dr. Parjons like-
wife obferved it in Canihher-Den^ two miles from
J^inlithgczVy and in Achendenny wood. ^ . VI.

The leaves are divided iirft into five fegments down
to the bale •, the fegments are again divided each
about half way into two or three lobes, which
lobes are Iharply indented on the edges : the (talk
is a foot high, and fcarcely branched : the fiov^er
is yellow, globofe and fpecious : the petals 12
or 14, difpofed commonly into four fcries, with-
in one another, and incurved, the exterior ones
greenifh, and indented irregularly at the top :
the Ne(laria are in number from 9 to 16, linear,
plane, incurv'd, and perforated on the infidc ai
the bafc.

The country people in Szvedeii ftrev/ their floors and
pavements on holydays with the flowers, which
have a plcafant fmell, and are ornamental in gar-
dens. Our northern poet makes the young laird
wifli to gather thcfe flowers to weave a chapler
for his Katy's brow :

SooJi

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

=97

Soon as the clear goodman of day
EcTids his morning draught of dew.
We'll gae to fom.- burn -fide to play.
And gather flowers to buik ye'r brow.
We'll pon the daifies on the green.
The Lucken-Gc^Li^ns frae the bog.
Between hands n.TW and then we'll lean.
And fport upo' the velvet log.

Tea Table Mifceliany of A!L'-i Ramfay, in a langcaU'i;,
The young Laird and Edir.bi.rgb Katy.

HELLEBORUS. Ge?!. pL 702.

Cal, o. Petala 5, feu plura. Ne^faria bilabiata, tu-
bulata. Caps, polyfperm^, ercftiufculse.

HELLEBORUS caule mukifloro foliofo, follis
digitatis. Sp. pL 7H4. (Ger. on. 976./. 2. IVloris.
hijf.f. 12. t. 4./. s)

Green-flower'd Hellebore. Jnglis.

In Dungkfs-GIen. Dr. Farfons. % . IV.

The leaves are radical, and fupported on long foot-
ftalks •, they are ftitf and nervous, and divided
to the bafe into 9 or 10 fpcar-iliap'd lobes, feveral
of which are again fubdivided halfway down in-
to two or three more, all of them 'fharply fer-
rated : the flower ftalk is a cubic high, dichoto-
moiis^ naked at the bale, but has leaves fubcend-
ing the ramifications : each branch produces two
nodding green flowers : th^ I'^e^aria are 8 or lo
in number, of the length of the fl:yles, a little
fcrrated on the rims : the Stamina are 50 or more;
;he capfules from 3 to 5.

A drachm

298 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

A drachm of the leaves reduced to powder is fome-'jj
times given to deftroy worms.

CALTHA. Gen. pi. ^03.

CaL o. Tetala 5. Ne^aria o. Caps, pliires, poly- '
fpermas.
faJup'is I. CALTHA. Sp.pl 784. iGer. em. Siy.f. i. Ta-
bernamont. ic. y§o. Gefner. ic^ an. 54.)

Marfli Marigold. Angiis.

A' chorra-fhod. Gaulis.

In marfhy grounds, and by river-fides frequent.
%. V.

The leaves are nearly kidney-fhap'd, crenated on
the edges, and ftanding on footftalks : the (talk
is a foot high, and branched : the flowers ft and
on fhort furrow'd peduncles, large and yellow :
the Stamina are numerous, more than 100 : tiie
Capfuks are from 10 to 14, ftanding open and
radiated.

The plant has an acrid quality, but the young
flower-buds in fome parts of Germany are pickled
and fold for capers.

CLASSIS

D I p y N A M I A. 299

C L A S S I S XIV.

D I D Y N A M I A.

GYMNOSPERMIA.

* Calyces fuhquinquejidi.

LEONURUS. Anthers punflis ofTeis adfperfe.
GLECOMA. Anthcrariim paria cruciata !
MENTHA. Filament a diftantia reda.
TEUCRIUM. CorolU labiuin fuperius nullum, fed

bipardtum !
AJUGA. Corolla lab. fupcrrus ftaminibus brevius !
BETONICA. C(7r<?//^ lab. fuperius planum, afcen«

dens, tubo cylindrico. Stamina longitudine fau-

cis.
LAMIUM. Corolla: lab. inferius utrinque cjentc

fetaceo !
GALEOPSIS. CorolU lab. inferius fupra biden-

datum '
STACHYS. CorolU lab. inferius lateribus reflexum.

Stam. deflorata ad latera deflexa.
NEPETA. CorolU lab. inferius crenatum. Faux

margine reflexo.
BALLOTA. Calyx lo-flriatus. CorolU lab. fupe-
rius fornicatum.

MARRUBIUM.

oo D I D Y N A M I A.

MARRUBIUM. Calyx lo-itriatus. CorolU lab.
fuperius redtum.

** Calyces hiJabiali.

SCUTELLARIA. Calyx frcidtiferus operculatus \
THYMUS. Calyx ^zucQ villis claufus.
PRUiiELLA. Filamenta omnia apice bifurca !
ORIGANUM. Strobilus calyces colligens !
CLINOPODIUM. Involucrum calyces colligens.

ANGIOSPERMIA.

* Calyces hljidi.
OROBANCHE. Caps, i-locnlaris. Cor. fubsequa-
lis, 4-fida. Glandula fub bafl gerniinis.

**■ Calyces qiiadrifidi,

LATH R^ A. Cafs. i-locularls. Cor. perfonata.
Glandula fub germine.

BARTSlA. Cafs. 2-locularis. Cor. perfonata. CaL
coloratus.

EUPHRASIA. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor, perfonata.
Anthers inferiores hinc fpinof^.

RHINANTHUS. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perfo>
nata. Caps, comprcffa.

MELAMPYRUM. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perfo-
nata. ^cm. bina, glbbofa.

«-:.x3> Calyces qniftquefdL

LIMOSELLA.

D I D Y N A M I A. 301

LIMOSELLA. Caps, i^lociilaris. Cor. campanu-

lata, regularis. Sem. plurima.
SCROPHULARIA. Caps, i-locularis. Cor. rcfu-

plnata. Lab. fegmento intermedio interno.
DIGITALIS. Crfpj..2-locularis. C(?r. companuiata,

fubtus ventncofa. Stam. declinata.
ANTIRRHINUM. Caps, 2-Ioculans. Cor. perfo-

nata fubtus ne6tario prominente.
PEDICULARIS. Caps. 2-locularis. Cor. perfonata.

Sem. tunicata.

CLASS IS

302 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

C L A S S I S XIV.
DIDYNAMIA

GYMNOSPERMIA.

AJUGA. Gen. pi. 705.
CoroUcf labium fiiperius minimum. Stamina labio
fuperiore longiora.
reptans i. AJUGA glabra, ftolonibus reprantibus, Lin. f}Ji.
nat. 387. Sp. pL 785. {Black'well. t 64. bene. Mo-
ris, hiji.f. II. /. 5./. I. ordinis inferior is. Rivin.f.
y^, Ger. em. 631./. i.fineJlolonihus.i^Fet.htrh,

Bugle. Angiis.

In moifl: paftures and woods frequent. %. V, VI.

The flowei-ing ftem is fix or eight inches high, ered
and unbranched, but throws out trailing offsets
from the root : '.he leaves are fmooth for the moft
part, oval, bluntly crenated, and have large
nerves : the flowers are ringent., and grow "jerti-
ciltate, eight or more in a whirl, commonly of a
blue color, llreaked v;ith veins of a deeper blue.
The infide or throat of the flower is hairy.

fyramidatis ^-- tetragcna-pyramidalis vinofa, foliis radicalibus
2, , maximis. Lin. Jyfi. naL 3 87. Sp.fl. y'S^. (Ocd.

Der:n, t. l'-^^ r^. Let. herb. t. l^.f. 4. Ri'-Cin. t. 76.

Pyramidal

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 30^

Pyramidal or Mountain Bugle. Anglis.

In dry mountainous paftures, but rare, <? . V. VI.

I am afllired by the Rev. Dodor Burgefs^ of Kirk-
michael, that it is a native of Scotland^ but I have
not yet learned the particular place of its growth.

The ftalk is about four inches high, without off-
fets : the leaves are hairy, and grow upon the
flalk in fuch a manner as to make the whole
plant form a quadrangular pyramid : the radical
leaves are green, oval, and bluntly crenated ; the
BrcMe.^^ or floralleaves^ are angular, and purple
or violet-color'd : the flowers are pale blue.

TEUCRiUiM. Cen, pi 706.

CorolU labium fuperius (nullum} ultra bafin 2-par-

titum, divaricatum ubi ftamina.

^lorodonia i TEUCRIUM foliis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, ra-

ccmis lateralibus fecundis, caule, ereflo. Sp. pL

789. (Oed. Dan. /. 485. Blachjuell. t. g. Rivm.

t. 12. Ger. em. 662. Moris, hifl.f, ii.t. lo. f. 15)

Wood Sage. Anglis.

In woods and dry flony places frequent, as about
the rocks in the king'sipark, &c. %. Vlf. VIII.

The flowers are ilravz-color'd, the Fi/^;7;f/?/j red :
the plant has a bitter quality, and fmells like
hops, with a little mixture of garlick. In the
ifland of Jerfey the inhabitants ufe it in brewing
infl:cad of hops. An infuflon of it Itands re-
commended in the dropfy.

NEPETA,

304 DIDYiN'AMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

NEPETA. Gcn.pl 710.

Corolla labium inferius lacinula intermedia crenata,
faux margine reflexo. Stamina approximata.
caiaria i. NEPETA floribus ipicatis ; verticillis ftibpedicel-
Jatis, foliis petiolatis cordatis dentato-ferratis.
Sp. pi. 796. (Ger. em. 682. /. i. Rivin. t. 52,
Blackivell. t. 455. Pet. herb. /. 32./. i)
Cat-Mint. Anzlis..
In hedges and wafte places. %. VlII.
I infert this plant on SibhaWs authority only, not

having found it myfelf.
The ftalk is a yard high, and branched : the leaves
are hoary : the flowers are flefli-color'd, growing
verticillate in fpikes at the tops of the branches :
tiie middle fegment of the lower lip is fpotted
with red.
The plant has a bitter taftc and ftrong fmell, not
unlike pennyroyal.

An infufion of it is reckoned a good Cephalic and
Erjimep.agoguc^ being found very efficacious in
hyPierics and the Chlorq/is. Cats are 'extremely
fond of this plant, whence the name.

MENTHA. Gen. pi. 713.

^.-fida-, lacin
na ereda dii

* Cal)itat.-e.

CorcUa fubsqualis 4-fida •, lacinia latiore emargiiiata.
Stamina ereda diilantia.

MENTHA

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 305

squatica i. MENTHA fioribus capitatis, foliis ovatis ferratis

petiolatis, ftaminibus corolla longioribiis. Lin.

fyji. nat. 392. Sp. pi. 805. (Ger. em. 684. /. i.

Moris, hiji.f. n. t.y.f. 6. Rivin. t. 49. Black-

well. t. ^1)
Water -Mint. Atiglis.
Meannt. Cairteal. Gaulis.

On the banks of rivers and lakes frequent. %. VIII.
The ftalk is a cubit high, ereft and branched ; the

leaves are often of a dark reddifh color : the

flowers grow in one or two clofe thick whirls,

near the top, with a globofe one always terminat*

ing the branches : the Corolla is hairy within, and

of a pale red color.
The plant is aromatic, and has a bitter acrid tafte.
It varies, fometimes with a lefler, rounder, and

more hairy leaf, as figured by Ray. Synops. p.

233. /. 10./. I.

** Verticillata:.
fativa * 2 MENTHA floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acu-
tiufculis ferratis, ftaminibus corolla longioribus.
Sp.pl. 805. (Ger. em. 6So.f. i. Moris, hifi.f. ii„
/. 7./. 2. ordiiiis fuperioris.)
Red Garden Mint. jingUs.

On the banks of rivulets, and in wafte places, but
rare, perhaps only the outcaft of gardens. Dr.
Farfons i^ Sibbald. if. VIII.

lentiiis :?, M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acutis ferratis,

ftaminibus corolla brevioribuR. Sp.pl. 805. {Ger.

X em.

3o6 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

em. 680./. 4. Moris, hijl. f. 11. t. -i.f. i. or dims
fuperioris. )

Red fharp-leav'd Mint. Juglis.

On the fides of rivers and in wafle places, but
rare. Dr. Parfons. % . VIII.

The (talks are red, the leaves (lightly hairy, ellip-
tical and acute : the whirls ten or more, conti-
nued from the middle of the branches to the top :
the Calyces are fprinkled with refinous dots, and
the lowermoft fegment of the Corolla is acute.

aruenfis 4. MENTHA fioribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis acutis
ferratis ftaminibus corollam squantibus. Sp. pi
806. {Oed. Dan. t. 512. Moris, hiji. f. 11. /. 7.
/. 5. or dinis fecundi. jig. fecund. Ger. em. p. 684.

/. 2.)

Corn Mint. Anglis.

In corn fields after harveft, but not very common.

%, VIII. IX.
The whole plant is hairy : the flalks recline on the

ground : the whirls are dovv'ny, and much Ihorter

than the leaves : the Calyces hoary, the flowers

of a pale blue, the loweft fegment of the Corolla

obtufe.
The plant fmells much like the blue part of a de-

cay'd cheefe.
Linnaus fays, that the milk of cows which have fed

upon thiS plant can hardly be made 10 turn to

curds.

pulegium*^ M. floribus verticillatis, foliis ovatis obtufis fubcre-

natis,

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 307

natis, caulibiis fubteretibus repentibus, flamini-
bus corolla longioribus. Sp. pi. 807. (Ger. em.
671./. I. Moris, hifi.f. i\. t.j.f.i, ordinis fecundi.
Rivin. t. 23. BlackwelL t. 302)
Pennyroyal. Anglis.

It is fometimes amongft rubbifli thrown out of gar-
dens, but probably is not a native. "4. VIII. IX.
The whirls are fphserical, confifting of numerous
peduncles, bearing each one or two flowers : the
Calyx is ftriated, a little inflated, and divided in-
to five bearded dents, the lowermofl: of which is
the lefl; : the flowers are of a pale purple, or
flefli color : the Stamina longer than the Corolla.
An infuflon of the plant in white wine with fteel is
cfl-eem'd an excellent emmenagogue.

GLECOMA. Gen. pi. 714.

Antherarum fingulum par in formam crucis conni-
vens. Calyx 5-fidus.

GLECOMA foliis reniformibus crenatis. Sp. pi,
807. {Ger. em. 856. /. i. Rivin. t. 6^. VailL
Paris, t. 6./. 4, 5, 6. Blackivell. t, 225 j

Ground- Ivy. Anglis.

Under hedges and in Ihady places frequent. 1;. V.

The lower part of the fl:alks is procumbent, but
the flowering part ereft : tiie leaves are wrinkled
and ftand on long femicylindrical footflalks : the
joints are furrounded by a ciliated ring: the
flowers are blue, and grow four or eight together,
in half-whirls, leaning on one flde of the llalk :
X 2 the

album I.

308 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

the upper lip of* the Corolla has a dorlal plait
running down to the Calyx : the Anthera; after
burfting Irand in the form of the letter X.

The leaves of this plant are often deformed with
hairy tumors, which are the galls of the Cymps
GiecGmcv. Liri.JvJL n.

The juice or infulion of this herb has been recom-
mended in gravelly and aftmatic complaints, but
the fuccefs has not been found to anfwer the re-
commendation in any great degree.

\v[ fome parts of England this plant is put into ale
to purify and communicate to it its attenuant
virtues.

LAMIUM. Gen. pi. 716.

Cor. labium fuperius integrum, fornicatum ; labi-
um inferius biiobum j faux utrinque margine
dentato.

LAMIUM foliis cordatis acuminatis, ferratis, pe-
tiolatis, verticiilis vigintifloris, Lin. fyft. nat.p..
392. S>p. pi. 809. (Ger. em. 702./. i. Blackwell.

i' 33)
White Archangel, or Dead-Nettle. Ahglis,

Teanga-mhinn. Gaulis.

Under hedges and in wafie places frequent. %. V.

VI.
The Calyces are marked with a dark red fpot : th(

flowers are white, the tube of the Corolla curv'd

flender at the bafe, and Ihorter than the uppe;

lip : the Anthers ciliated.

. Th.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 309

The young leaves in the Tpring are boiled and eaten
as greens by the common people in Szveden.

L. loliis cordatis obtufis petiolatis. Sp. pi. 809.

{Ger. em. 70^. f. 3. Moiis. hi ft. /. 11. /. \\. f.c^.

BlackweiL t. i.Oed.Dan. t. 523. opt.)
Red Archangel, or Dead-Nettie. A)iglis.
In corn fields and gardens vrry common. G. V.
The llalk is about fix inches high, almoft naked at

the bafe, but cronded with leaves at the top : the

flowers are red, the Anther<£ barb'd with white

hairs.
This is alfo eaten in Sweden like the preceding.

LAjMIUM foliis fioralibus fefliiibus amplexicauH-
bus obtufis. Sp. pi. 809. {Gn-. em bi6.f. 4. Ri-
^7>/. /. 6^. Moris, hijt. f. \i. t. \\. f. 12. Fet.
herb. t. 33-/- 4)

Great Henbit. Anglis.

In cultivated ground frequent. O. VI.

The lower leaves Hand on tootllaiks, are com-
monly divided into three lobes, and crenated on
the edges : the upper leaves are very wide, {t'i-
iile, deeply cut or lobed, growing oppofite, and
touchins each other at their bale : the flowers

CD

are red, fefTiie, and grow ten or twelve in a
whirl : the Galea or upper jlp of the flower is
oval, downy, and three times fiioiter than the
tube of the Corolla.

X q GALEOPSIS

o DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

GALEOPSIS. Gen. pi 717.
Corollcc labium fuperius fubcrenatum, fornicatum ;
labium inferius fupra bidentatum.
ahit I, GALEOPSIS internodiis caulinis fuperne incrafla-
tis, verticillis fummis fubcontiguis, calycibus
fubpungentibus. Lin, fyfi. nat. p. 393. Sp. pL
810. {Ger. em. 709./. i. Rivin. t. 3O
Nettle-Hemp, or Hemp-leav'd dead NettJe. Jnglis.
In corn fields and hedges. G. VIII.

The flalk is ereft, from two to four feet high,
branched, covered with rigid hairs, and gouty
juft under the joints : the leaves are of an oval-
lanceolate figure, nervous, ferrated, and fup-
ported on footflalks : the flowers are either pur-
ple or white, with a fpot on the lower lip, vari-
gated with purple and yellow : tJie Corolla is-
twice as long as the Caljx.
%^ar. |3. There is a very beautiful variety of this common
in corn fields, with large yellow flowers, four
times as long as the Calyx, having the middle
fcgment of the lower lip purple. This is made
by Haller a diftind fpecies. {vid.fig. Rivin. /. 32.
Barrelier ic. 11 58. Ger. em. 709./. 2.? Pliik, t.
41./- 4)

GALEOPSIS verticillis fexfloris ; involucro tctra-
2 phyllo. Sp, pi. 810. {Ger. em. 702. /. 2. Rivin.

t. 20. Mor. hiji. f, 11. t. ii. f. 5. Pel. herb. t.
33./. 6)

Yellow

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 311

Yellow Archangel, /^nglis.

In woods and fhady places in the lowlands, bLit not
common. %. V. VI.

The root throws out long procumbent offsets : the
leaves are oval and oblong, and doubly indented :
the flowers are large and yellow, and grow from
ten to eighteen in a whirl : the upper lip is longer
than the lower, ere6t, and flightly crenated at the
top : the lower lip is trifid, the lateral fegments
being quadrangular, the middle one longed, and
mark'd with iaffron-color'd ftreaks. This fpe-
cies is rank'd under the genus of Leomirus, by
Scopoli, in his Flor. Garniol. No. -ji^. and un-
der C^ri/^f^, by Halkr^ hiji. No. 275.

BETONICA. Gen. pi 718.

Cal. ariftatus. CorolU labium fuperius afcendens,
planiufculum ; tubus cylindricus.

BETONICA fpica interrupta, corollarum lacinia
labii intermedia emarg.nata. o;?. pL Sio. (Ger.
era. 714./. i. Rivhu t. 28. Blackwell. t 46. Mo-
ris, hiji. f. II. /. 5. f- I' ordinis ftipericris ad
finijlram. Vet. herb. t. ^2. f. 6)

Wood Betony. Anglis.

In woods and on dry banks, but not common.
Upon a bank near Echlin^ above the ^een's-
Ferry, in IVeJf-Lothian, &c. Sibbald. %. VIII.

The ftalk is a foot high, ereft, and generally un-
branchcd : the radical leaves (land on footllalks,
bluntly heart-lhap'd, wrinkled and crenated : the

uppermoll

312 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

uppermoft are oval and feffile : the flowers grow
in whirls, forming a fhort fpike at the top of the
ftalk : the Bra£iea are of an oval-lanceolate
form, and fliorter than the flowers : the Calyx
Hands rather ere6l, divided into two lips, and
having the 2 upper dents recurv'd : the flowers arc
red, {landing open and horizontal, and about 14
in a whirl : the tube of the flower is twice as
long as the Calyx, and the Filaments are hairy.
"jar Q There is a fmall mountainous variety of this not
unfrequent, with a fpike nearly globular, (vid.
Moris, hifi.f. 11. /. 5./. 4. ordinis fwperioris)
The roots in a fmall dofe have an emetic quality,
and the powder of the dry'd plant is a good Err-
hine, and readily promotes fneezing.

STACHYS. Gen pi. yic).
Corolla labium fuperius fornicatum ; labium infe*

rius lateribus reflexum \ intermedia majore emar-

ginata. Stamina deflorata verfus latera reflexa.
hlvatica i. STACHYS verticillis fexfloris, foliis cordatis peti-

olatis. S'p.fl. 811. {Ger. em. 704. /. 5. Rivin. t.

26. Blackwellt. 84. bona. Moris, hifi.f. n. /. n.

/. io> Petiv. herb. t. '2,1. f. y.)
Hedge Nettle. Jnglis.
In woods and fiiadv places not uncommon. G. VII.

VIII.
The whole plant is hairy, ereft, a yard high, and

branched : the hairs are jointed : the flowers are

of a deep red color, growing fix or eight in a

whirl.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 313

whirl, continued into a long fpike, dcftltute of
leaves : the upper lip is downy, erect and coved,
and ftreaked v/ith three deeper-color'd lines : the
middle legment of the lower lip is vpricgatcd
with white and red waved lines. The whole
plant has a ftrong foetid fmell.

S. verticiilis fexfloris, folis lineari-lanceolatis femi-
amplexicaulibus. Sp. pi. 811. (Ger. em. 1005.
Rivin. L 26. Blackwell. t. 273. Loes. flor. Prujf.
ic. 41. Moris, hiji. f. 11. /. 10. /. 16. Pet. herb.

Clown's All-heal. Angiis.

By the fides of rivers and lakes, and in low moift
grounds not uncommon, and fometimcs in corn
fields. H-.VIII.

The roots are white and tuberous : the flalk two or
three feet high : the flowers are red, growing in
whirls, lengihened into a fpike, commonly fix,
but fometimes ten or twelve in a whirl : the mid- *
die fegment of the lower lip of the Corolla is va-
riegated with fpots of a deeper color than the
reft of the flower.

It has a foetid fmell and bitter tafl:e, and is reckon'd
a good vulnerary. Swine are fond of the roots,
which are fweet, and in times of ncceflicy they
have been eaten by men, either boiled, or dry'd,
and made into bread.

MTvenfis 79 STACHYS verticiilis fexfloris, caule deblli, foliis
obtufis nudiufculis, corollls calyce vix longiori-

bus.

314. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

bus. Sp.pL 814. {Rivin. t. 27. Pet. herb. t. 33.
/• 12.)

Petty Ironworr, or All-heal. Anglis.

In corn fields frequent, o -. VIII.

The llalk is ten or twelve inches high, fquare,
branched and hairy : the leaves are heart-fhap'd,
obtule, bluntly ferrated, and lefs hairy : the Ca-
lyces are hair\ and fcfllle, and deeply divided in-
to five acute dents, of equal length : the flowers
are flefh-color'd, and grow three, four, or five
in a whirl : the lowei lip is trifid, the middle
jegment fpotted with red, but not emarginated
according to the character of the Gnius.

BALLOTA. Ge}L pi. 720.
CoL hypocrateriforrais, quinquedentatus, decemftri-
atus. Corolla labium fuperius crenatiim, conca-
vum.
'^p'a I. BALLOTA foliis cordatis indivifis ferratis, calyci-
bus acuminates. Sp. pi. 814. (Ger. em. "joi. f. r.
Rrcin. t. 66. Blackzueil. t. 1^6. Moris, hijl. f. 11.
t. Qj.f. 14. Pet. herb. t. 32./. 4)
Stinking Horehound. AngUs.
In wade places near towns and villages, but not

common. Dr. Parfons l^ Sibbald. %. VIII.
The flowers grow in whirls, upon branched pe-
duncles, and lean on one fide of the ftalk : they
are commonly of a dull red color, but fometimes
white.
The plant has a ftrong foetid fmell, and has been

fometimes

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 315

Ibmetimes recommenJcd in hyfteric cafes, but is
at prefent little ufed.

MARRUBIUM. Gen. pi 721.

Cal. hypocrateriformis, rigidus, 1 o-llriatus. Corolla

labium fuperius 2-fidum, lineare, redum.

rare i. MARRUBlUiVI dentibus calycinis letaceis uncina-
tis. Sp. pi. 816. {Ger. emac. 693. /. i. Rivin, /.
67. BlackivelL t. 479. Pet. herb. t. 32. /. 3.J

White Horehound. Anglis.

In wafte places and by way-fides near towns and
villages, but not common, as about Burntijlandy
&c. it.Vilf.

Several rigid creel ilalks ariie from the root a cubit
high : the leaves are of a bluntly oval or rounded
form, deeply wrinkled, hoary, and crenated on
the edges : the flowers are white, and grow in
thick felTile whirls, fifty or more in each. The
mouth of the Calyx is downy, and fubtcnded by
linear BraElea : the middle fegment of the lower
lip of the Corolla is crenulated : the flowers fade
without falfing out of the Calyces.
It has a flrong and fomewhat mufky finell, and bit-
ter tafl:e. It is reputed attenuant and refolvent.
An infufion of the leaves in water, fweetened
with honey, is recommended in afthmatic and
pthificky complaints, and mod other difeafes of
the breafl: and lunss.

LEONURUS.

3i6 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERIVilA.

LEONURUS. Gen. pi. 722.
AnthercC punclis nitidis adfpcrfe.
Car^iacci'i LEONURUS foliis caulinis Janceolatis trilobis.
cVp. /)/. 817. {Ger. em. 705. Rivin. t. 20. Black-
well, t. 171. Miller, ic. 80.;
Motherwort. Anglis.

It is fomctimes found amongfl rubbidi near houfes,
but is probably only tlic curcaft of gardens. $ ?
VIII.

The ftalk i$ a yard Iiigh or more, and much
branched : the fiowers are of a pale red, and
grow in thick feffile whirls : the Calyx is ftrcakcd
with five green lines, and every exterior one lub-
tended by a fetaceous Era5iea : the upper lip of
the Corolla is entire, and externally hairy : the
niiddle fegment of the lovv'er lip is marked v/ith
red fpots : the filaments aie hairy, and the An- .
therte have fometimes three or four white round
fcminal particles to be feen upon them, which ,
Linn^us has made the characflerilllc of the genus.
Thefe particles are however leis confpicuous in
this than in the other fpecies of this family.

CLINOPODIUM. Gen. pi. -^25.
Ihi'clucruni mukifetum,, verticillo fubje6lum.
"Jtikare i. CLINOPODIUM capituks fubrotundis hifpidis,
bradleis fetaceis. Sp. pi. S 21. {Ger. em. 6jc^. f. 2.
Kivm. /• 43. Moris, hifi. f. 8. ;. u./. i. crdinis
jupcrioris- Pet. herh.t, 32./. 9; i

Great !

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 317

Great Wild Bafil. Anzlis.

In woods and dry expofures, but not very common.
I obferved it in the woods about Dunkeld, and at
Duplin, and Dr. Parfons found it in Coryton
woods, near Edi7iburgh. In Buden hill, near fiie
fCippis, m M'^eft Lothian. Sibbald. %. VIII.

The whole plant is hairy and foft to the touch,
about a foot and a half high : the leaves are
oval, and fcarcely indented : the flowers are of
a pale red, growing in thick whirls (40 in a whirl)
on branched peduncles, one of the whirls al-
ways terminating the ilalk and branches : the
Calyx is very hairy, and the Corolla prominent
and much longer than the Calyx.

The fmell of this plant is fomewhat aromatic, and
not unpleafant.

ORIGANUM. Gen. -pi 726.
Sirohilus tetragonus, fpicatus, calyces coiligens.
ORIGANUM fpicis fubrotundis paniculatis con-
glomeratis, brafteis calyce longioribus ovatis. Sp.
pi. 824, (Ger. em. 66G. f. 4. Rivin. t. 60. Black-
zc'ell. t. 280. Moris, hifi. /. 11. /. 3. /. 12. Pet.
herb. t. 34./. 8;
Wild Marjoram, yinglis.

In dry mountainous and rocky places, as about
Bunkeld, Duplin, and in the den of Bethaick,
uQ^r Perth, &c, 11. VIIL
The ftalk is round, a cubit high, and branclied :

the

3i8 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

the leaves are a little hairy, nearly oval, punc-
tated, and entire on the edges : the flowers arc
generally red : the BraciedC oval and red like-
wife : the Stmnina are longer than the flower.

The fniell is aromatic ; the tafl:e fomewhat acrid :
it ftands recommended in afthmatic complaints,
but Is rarely ufed.

It dyes yarn of a deep red color.

In fome parts of Sweden the common people put it
into their ale to give it an intoxicating quality,
and to prevent its turning four.

THYMUS. Gen. pL 727.
Calyces bilabiati, faux villis claufa.

THYMUS floribus capitatis, caulibus decumben-
tibus, foliis plania obtufis bafi ciliatis. Sp.p/. 825*
(Ger. em. Sl^- f' ^- ^^^^^l- Paris, t. 32./. 7, 8, 9.
Moris, hijl. f. \i. t. ij> f- i. ordiuis fupmoris. Ri-
vin t. 42)

Mother of Thyme. Anglis.

Lus-mhic-ri-Breatuinn. Gaulis.

In dry mountainous places common. U. VII. VIII.

There is a variety of this plant frequent, with the
leaves and ftalks all over hairy, [vid. VailL Paris.
/. 32./. 6. Ger. em. 571./. H)

There is yet another variety, having the fummits
of the branches formed into woolly heads : this
is occafloned by a fpecies of infed of the Chermes

kind.

var. jS.

var. y.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. 319

kind. The fame thing is frequently obvious in
the Veronica cbam^d-rys^ Cerajlhim, & Glecoma.

The flowers of thyme are commonly of a bright
purple, but they vary much both in fize and
color.

It has a pleafant aromatic fcent, and is efleemed a
good nervine. An infufion of it by way of tea
is reputed to be an almoft infallible cure for that
troublefome diforder, the Incubus^ or Ni(^ht-mare«

*o*

THYMUS floribus verticillatis, pedunculis uni-
floris, caulibus ere6lis fubramofis, foliis acutis
ferratis. Lin. fyfi. nat. 399. 6^. -pi. 826. (Ger.
em. 675. /. I. Rivin. t. 43. Pet. herb. t. ^2^ f.
10. Moris, hiji.f. 11. /. 18./. i. ordinis fuperioris)

Small wild Bafil, Anglis,

In dry mountainous places, and gravelly foils, b^jf
not common. G. VIII.

The ftalk is rigid and branched : the leaves are oval
and acuminated, indented above the middle, but
entire at the bafe : the Calyx on the under fide
bulges at the bafe, and is ftreaked with eleven
ciliated ridges. They grow from five to cisht
in a whirl. The flower is violet-color'd, "the
middle iegment of the lower lip fpotted with
white or yellow.

The whole plant has a pleafant aromatic fmell.

SCUTELLARIA. Gen, pL 734.

Calyx ore intcgro, pufl florefcentiam ciauib, oper-

culato.

SCUITELLARIA

320 DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

galericu- SCUTTELLARIA foJiis cordato-lanceolatis ere-
lata I. natis, fioribiis axiJlaribus. Sp. pL ?j25- {Ger. em.

477./. JO. Rivin. t. y-/. Pet. herb. t. o^a,. f. 10)

Blue Scull-cap, or hooded Willow-herb. Angiis.

On the fides of rivers and lakes not uncommon.
-U.VIIl.

The ftalks are erect, a cubit high, quadrangular,
and branched : the Caiyx conhfts of two leaves, ;
reprefenting a helmet or cap, which affords an
excellent charaderiftic to the genus : the flowers '
are blue, and grow in pairs from the Ahe of the
leaves, both looking horizontally on the fame
fide of the flalk. The lower lip of the Corolla
is fpotted with white.

The plant is bitter, and has a garlick fmell.

minor 2. S. foliis cordato-ovatis fubintegerrimis, floribus
axillaribus. Sf.pl. 835. {Ger. em. 5^1./. 0^. Mo-
ris. hJJi.f. II. /. 20./. 8. ordinis inferioris. Pet.
herb. t. 34. /. \\.)

Little red Scull cap, or Vv^illow-herb Angiis.

On the fides of lakes and in boggy p^ces not un-
frequent. if. VIII.

This is about five or fix inches high, and the flowers
pale red.

PRUNELLA. Gm. pi. 735.

Filamenta bifurca. altero aplce anthcrifera. Slignm

bin,! urn.

PRUNELLA.

tJtoa^-^ f/'^y/S/^l .»i/.

,>?•./<&

DiDYNAMiA ANGIOSf'ERMlA. 321
. PRUNELLA foliis omnibus ovato-oblongis petio-
latis. Sp.pL ^^j. {Ger. em. 632. /. i. Miller ic,
70./. 2. Rivin, ^.29. Blacktvell. t. 24. Moris, hift,
f. J I. /, 5./, I. ordinis fuperioris ad dextram, Fet^
herb. t. 0^1. f. 11.)
Self-heal. Angles.

In moifl and barren paftures frequent, % . VIIL
The flalk is branched, from fix to twelve inches
high : the flowers grow in clofe cylindrical heads
or fpikes, at the fummirs of the branches : the
upper lip of the Calyx is truncated, and has three
fliort bearded dents : the lower lip is bifid, and
the dents bearded : the Bra^e:s are heart-fnap'd,
and both thofe and the Cuiyces hairy : the Corolla
is generally of a blueifh purple, but ofren varies
in color : the lips of the Calyx clofe together,
after the flower falls, in order the better to fe-
cure the embryo feeds.
It is aitringent and vulnerary, but is rarely ufed at
prefent, except by the common people, v.'iio
bruife and apply it to frefh wounds, and take it
in broths and apozems for fpitting of blood, and
vSq. it by way of injeftion in the Biocdy-Flux, and
other H^morrkages.

A N G 1 O S P E R M I A.

BARTSIA. Gen. pi. -jz^.

Ciil. bilobus, emargmatus, coloratus. Corolla mi-

nus ipfo calycecoloiata, labio fuperiore longiore.
BARTSIA foliis fuperiorlbus alternis frrratis, flo-
y nbus-

■j^ii DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMiA.

ribus diilantibus latcralibus. LI'n. fyft. nat. 405.

Sp. -pi. 839. (Pluk. aim. t. 27. /. 5. Barrel, ic.

665. Pet. herb. t. 36./. 6)
Yellow Marili Eye- bright. Angl'is.
In bogs and marflies, but rare, as about Loch-Goyl

near Lech' Long., in the diftrld: of Cowdl, in Jr-

gylejhire. O. VIII.
The ftalk is ereft, about ten or twelve inches high,

downy and unbranched : the leaves are feflile and

fpear-fliap'd, and a little vifcous : the Calyces are

vifcous, and grow fingle from the AU of the

leaves : the flowers are yellow : the plant dries

black.

RHINANTHUS. Gen. pL 740.
CaL 4"fidus, ventricofus. Capfula 2-locuIaris, ob-
tufa, comprefTa.
<7 7/7rt gain. RHINANTHUS corollis lablo fuperiore confi-
preffo breviore. Lin. jyfi. nat. 405. Sp. pi. 840.,
(Ger. em. io~j\.jjg.fuprema. Rivin. t. 92. Moris.'
hijl.f. II. /. 23./. I. ordinis fecundi)
Yellow- Rattle, or Cock's-Comb. Anglis.
In meadows and dry paftures common. G. VII.
The whole plant is fmooth, and about ^ foot high ;■
the leaves are felTile, of an oval-lanceolate figure,
and ferrated : the flowers are yellow, and grow
in i foLaceous ipikes, leaning on one fide of thei
flalks : the Calyx is large, rouiidifli, compreiTed.
inflated, and has four dents : the Galea., or up-
per lip has bifld auricles of a blueifli color : th<
capfulesand feeds have a membranaceous margin

Then

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 323

*u^.r. p. There is a pretty variety of this with a fmalkr

flower, and the lower lip purple.
The feeds of both, when ripe, rattle in their cap-

fules, and indicate the time of hay-harveft.
It has a bitter and fomewhat acrid tafte, but is eaten
by cattle.

EUPHRASIA. Gen. pi. 741.

Cal. 4-fidus, cylindricus. Caps. 2-locularis, ovato-
oblonga. Anther/^ inferiores altero lobo bafi fpi-
nofe.
6fficinaUs i. EUPHRASIA foliis ovatis lineatis argute dentatis.
Sp.pL 841. {Ger. em. 66^. Rivin. t. 90. Black-
well, t. 427. Moris, hiji.f. 11. /. 24./. 1)

Anglis. Eyebright.

Gaulis. Rein-an-ruifg.

In dry barren paftures frequent. O. VII.

The plant is from three to fix inches high, ered,
and branched : the leaves grow oppofite, fclTile,
and in pairs : the flowers grow from the ALe of
the leaves, on lliort footfl:alks, forming a fpike
at the fummits of the branches : the Corolla va-
ries in color, but the upper lip is generally pur-
piifh, fl:reaked with lines, the lower lip white and
ilreaked, and marked Vv'ich a yellow fpo: at its
bale.

Ir has been reputed good for fore eyes, but the gen-
tlemen of the faculty have declared it does more
harm than good in applications of that kind,
there having been inftances of perfons rendered
T 7 almoft

324 DIDYNAMIA ANGIGSPERMIA.

almofl: blind by the ufe of ic The highlanders
do however ftill retain the praftice of it, by mak-
ing an infufion of it in milk, and anointing the
patient's eyes with a feather dipped in it.

odonliUs 2. EUPHRASIA foliis linearibus, omnibus ferratis. Sp,
/>/. 841. {Ger. em. 91./- 3- Moris, hijl. f. 11./.
24./. 10. Pet. herb. t. 36./. 7.;
Red Eye-bright. Anglis.
In Corn fields and by way fides not uncommon.

G.VIII. IX.
The ftalk is erect, greatly branched, and ten or
twelve inches high. The flowers are red and
grov/ in fpikes, all leaning on one fide of the
branches. The Anthera are ferrugineous, hav-
ing all their lobes alike acuminated.
The whole plant has commonly a reddifii or fuf-
cous appearance.

MELAMPYRUM. Gen. pi 742.
Cal. 4-ndus. Corolla labium fuperius comprefiTum,
margine replicato. Caps. 2-locularis obliqua,
hinc dehifcens. Semi na duo, gibba. jj

praten/e I. MELAMPYRUM floribus fecundis lateralibus ; '

foliorum conjugationibus remotis, corollis claufis.

Lin. fyjl nat. 4.06. Sp. pi. S^^. (Hortus Jicb-

Jlett. ^friv. erd. 12. /. 2./. 2. 1

Meadow Cow- wheat. Anglis. I

In dry mountainous paftures and woods not uncom- I J

mon. O. VII.
The ilalk is a foot or eighteen inches high, horizon-
tally

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 32^

tally branched. The lower leaves are of a nar-
row fpear-fhaped form, and commonly intire.
The middle ones have a ftw large dents at tlielr
bafe, but are often intire. The upper floral ones
are halbert-fhaped or trlfid, having the dents cr
hooks at the bafe reflexed. The flov.'ers grov/ in
pairs from the Ala of tlie leaves, felTjic, and turn-
ed to the fame fide of the llalk. Th.e Ccrolla is
white, except the Galea which is yellow, v.irh a
pale margin ; and the lower lip is marked Vv'ith
two prominent deep yellow dots. The tube
of the corolla is long, white, (lender and wrink-
led ; the lips of it are clofed together like the
mouth of a fifh. The Antherx cohere together.
Unnaus tells us, that where this plant abounds,
the yelloweft and beft butter is made.

MELAMPYRUIVI floribus fecundis lateralibus,
foliorum conjugationibus remotis, corollis hianf-
tibus. Lin. Jyfi. nat. 406. Sp. pi. 843. {Ger.
em. ()i. f. I. Moris, hiji. f. \i. t. 2j./. -i^. fiori-
bus inaperiis. Oed.Dan. ti. 45. cum floribus aper-
tjs. optime.)

Yellow Cow-wheat. Anglis.

In woods, but not common. O. Vlf.

The leaves in this kind are generally quite intire.
The flowers not above half fo long as in the
preceding, their lips not cloied together, but
gaping open, and the whole Corolla 'jubeand all)
of a deep yellow colour,

Y 2 LATHRiEA.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

LATHR^A. Gen. pi 743.
Cal. 4-fi^Lis. Glandula dcpreffa ad bafin futuri^

germinis. Capfula i-locularis.
LATHRi?iA canle fimpliciffimo,corollis pendulis,

labis inferiore trifido. Sp. pL H44. (Moris, hiji,

f. 12. t. 16. f, 14. Rivhi. t. 89. Blachduell t,

430. Oed. Dan. t. 136. opt.)

Tooth-wort. AngUs.

In woods and fliady Places, but not common.

At the end of a Ihady walk by the river fide at Me-
vis Bank towards Lafivade, four or five miles
from Edinburg. Dr. Parfons. And in Mcrverny
near the found of MulL on a dry heathy brae,
to the caft of the houfes of Laggan. Mr. Stuart.
%. IV. V.

Tlie root is branched, and furrounded with white
fucculcnt fcales. The fialk is embranched, and
dcftirute of leaves. 7'he flowers grow in a fpike
iill on one fide of the ilalk. The Bracle^., which
fubtend the flowers, are large, roundifli, flefli-
colored fcales. The C^/yA" hairy and whitifli The
Corolla pale purple, or flefli-color'd, the lower
lip white, and trifid, the upper one intire. The
whole plant is brittle and fucculent, and proba-
bly parafitical, as it will not bear tranfplanting.

PEDICULARIS. Gen. pi. y^G.
Cal. 5-fi(51:us. Caps. 2-locularis, mucronata, obliqua.

Semina iunicatOr-
PEDICULARIS caule ramofo, calycibus criftatis
callofo pundatis, corollis labio obliquis. JJn.

fyfi.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. ^^l

Jyfi. nat. 407. Sp.pL 845. (Rai. i. R. h. /. 77-
A. D. £. H. I. K.L. Pet. herb. t. 36./. 3.

Marfn Loufcwort. Ang'h.

By the fides of lakes, and in bogs f-equer^t. O. 7.

TheftaU: is erect, a cubit high, and branch'd. The
leaves are pinnated with about 20 pair ot long
Prntia, which are again femipinnate with fliort
indented Pinnule. The flov/ers grow in a bole
fpike from the Al^ of \.\^ leaves, on lliort foot-
ftalks. The Caly^ is redd 101, a Lttle hairy, com-
prefs'd fideways, bulging at the bafe, and ha^
two of the fegments crilled, or terminated with
leaf-like appendages. 1 he flowers are purple.

PEDICULARIS caule ran-iofo, calycibus oblongis

angulatis Ixvibus, coroUis labio cordato. 5/>. /)/•

845. {Ger. em. 1077. jig. inferior. Moris, hi ft.

/.i\,t. 23./. 13. Pet. herb. t. 36./. 4. Oed. Dan.

t. 225. opt.

Common dwarf Loufewort. Anglis.

In wet paftures and heaths frequent. O. VI.

The ftalks lie proftrate on the ground : the leaves
are fimply pinnated, v/i:h roundi(h, acutely fer-
rated pinna. The flowers grow in a ciulkr at
the top of the plant and fparingly on the branches,
fefllle, and of a pale purple or red color. The
lower dent of the Calyx is very fmall, the others
are crifl;ed.

Thefe plants are rarely eaten by cattle, but when
they are, they are fuppos'd zo make them louiy,
whence the name.

If

%2^' DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA

If this effed really follows, it is more probably ow-
ing to the poverty of the foil where the plants
grow, than to any particular quality in the plants
themfclves.

ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. pi. 750.

Col. 5-phyllus, Corolla bafis deorfum prominens,
nedarifera. Caps. 2-locularis.

* Foliis aliernis floribus calcaratis.
"tnaria i. ANTIRRHINUM foliis lanceolato-linearibus con-
fertis, caule erefto, fpicis terminalibus fefTilibus,
floribus imbricatis. Sp. pi. 858. Ger. em. S^^- f-
I. Rivin. t. 83. Blackivell t. 115 J

Common yellow Toad-flax Anglis.

On the borders of corn-fields in many places, as in
Strath-Tay^ and between Dunketd and Blair., &c.
n. VIII.

The fl:alk is 3 or 4 feet high, and often branch'd.
The leaves fmooth and glaucous : the flowers
are yellow, and grow in fpikes, at the tops of
the fl:alk and branches. The palate of the Corolla
is hairy and qrange-color'd.
3 peloria. There is a variety of this plant Ibmetimes found,
the Corolla having from two to five fpurs, and the
limb aflTuming a regular pentapetalous appear-
ance J but this is only a monftrous luxuriance,
as is evident from both kinds being upon the
fame plant, (vid.fig. Am^n. acad. I. 282. /. 3.)

An ointment made of the leaves ftands recommend-
ed as a cure for the piles.

This is the only fpecies of Antirrhinwm that I ob-
ferv'd growing wild in Scotland. ^Q^Q-

DIDYNAMIA AKGIOSPERMIA. 329

SCROPHULARIA. Gen. pi ys^-^-

Cal. 5-Iidus. Cor. lubglobofa» rcfupinata. Caps. 2-

locLilaris.

SCROPHULARIA foliis cordatls trinervatis caule.

obtufangulo. Lin. fyfi. nat. p. 4(3. > /;. pi. 863.

Ger.em. 716./. i. Rivin. t. 107. Backi!::elL t. %'j.

Moris, hifi. f. 5. /. 8. /. 3. ordinis inferioris. Pet,

herb, t 35./. 9.;
Knobby- rooted Fig-wort. AngUs,
in woods and moid ground not iinfrequent. if.

VII.
The root is tuberous : the ftalk^ are 4 or 5 feet

high, and branch'd towards the top : the leaves

heart fhap'd, ferrated, and acute. The flowers

are of a dark red color, fliaped like a cap or

helmet, the lower lip greeniHi : they grow in loofe

dichotomous fpikes or Racemi. At the top of

the branches.
The leaves have a foetid fmell, and hitter tafte.

A decoftion of them is laid to cure hogs of the

meafles.
An ointment made of the root has been formerly

ufed to cure the piles and fcrophulous fores, but

is at prefent out of pradice.

SCROPHULARIA foliis cordaris obtufis petiola-
tis decurrentibus, caule membranis angulato, ra-
cemis terminalibus. Lin. Jyji. nat. 413. Sp. pi.
864. Ger. em. 715. Loes. Fior. Yrufs. 24X. ic. 75.
Blackwell t. 86. Moris hijt.f. 5. /. 9. /, 4. ordinis

inferioris.

330 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

inferioris. Vet. herb, t. ^S- f- ^o- ^^<^- Dafi. t.
507. optime.)

Water Fig-wort, or Betony-le?v'd Figworr. AjiglU.

On the fides of rivulets and other wet places. Dr.
Parfons ^ Sibbald. i^. VII.

The root is fibrous, the ftalk quadrangular, the an-
G:les membranaceous : the Bowers are of a dark
red, or blood color, growing in loofe fpikes on
branched angular penduncles.

It has a foetid fmell, but not fo ftrong as the pre-
ceding.

i-nnalis^^ SCROPHULARIA foliis cordatis, caulinis ternis,
pedunculis axillaribus folitariis bifidis. Lin. Man-
tijs. plantarum altera p. 418. Sp. pL 864. {Ger.
em. 717. /. 3. Rivin. t. 107. Barrelier. ic. 273.
Banh. Prod. t. 112. Oed. Dan. /. 411. bene.)

Yellow Fig-wort. Anglis.

I obferv'd it about Hoddam caftle in Annandak \ but
probably it was only the outcaft of a garden.

The ilalk and leaves are hairy : the flowers oval
and yellow.

DIGITALIS. Gen. pi ^s'^-
Gal. 5-partitus. Cor. campanulata, 5-fida, ventri^
cofa. Caps, ovata, 2locularis.

i'url'trrea i ^^^^T-^J"^^ calycinis foliolis ovatis acutis, corol-
li.y labio fuperiore inregro. Sp. pi. 866. (Ger. e?n.
790/. I. Tournef t. 73. a. e. f. k. l. m. Rii'in.
104 Bladzvell t. 16. Moris, hijlj. 5. /. 8./. i.

ordinis

iguatifa I.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 331

ordinis fuperioris. Oed. Dan. t. 74- op.)

Purple Fjirx-glove. Angli^.

Meiiran-fith. Gmlis,

In rough mountainous places not uncommon, as
upon the Corjlorphyn hills near Edinburgh^ and
on the hills about Loch-Rannoch m PerthPoire,
and many other places $ VII.

The ftalk is 3 or 4 feet high, cre(5l, and generally
unbranched. The leaves are of an oval-Ianceo^^Vo
form, foft and hairy, and ferrated on the edges.

The flowers grow pendulous, in a long fpike, all
on the fame fide of the ftalk. They are of a
purple color, very fpecious, and marked internally
with pupillary fpots. It Ibmetimes varies with
white flowers, bift very rarely.

The plant has a bitter quality : fix or feven fpoon-
fuUs of the decoction is a fl.rong emetic and ca-
thartic. It has been found ferviceable in fcfrO—
jiliulous cafes, taken internally for fomie time,
and the bruifed leaves or an ointment applied
outwardly.

LIMOSELLA. Gen. pi. 776.
Cal. 5 fidus Ccr. 5-fida, squalis. Slam, per paria
approximata. Caps, i-locularis, 2-valvis, poly-
fperma.

LIMOSELLA. Sp. pL 881. Moris, hijf.f. 15. /.
2. I. Pluk. a.'m. t. 'i^'f-A' P^^- ^^^rb. t. 6^. f. 12.
Loes. Prufs. 21&. /. 18. Me?ilz. pug. 2. t, 7./. 6.
Oed. Dan. t. 6<^. opt.)

Ballard

332 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Baftard Plantain. Anglis.

In muddy and gravelly places, where water has
ftagnated in the winter, but not very frequent. G.

VIII. IX.

It is a minute creeping plant, producing fmooth
elliptic leaves m tufcs, (landing on very long
footftalks. The flower-flaiks are radical, much
fhorter than the leaves, and produce each a fingle
fmall white flower, of a regular figure, a little hairy
and reddifh within, containing 4 ftamina, growing
in pairs, two a little higher than the others. The
ftyle declines to one fide of the co/oUa. The cap-
fule is nearly round.

OROBANCHE. Gen. pi 779.

Cal. 2-^dus. Cor. ringens. Cap^. i-locularis, 2-val-
vis, polyfperma. Glandula fub bafi germinis.

OROBANCHE caule fimpiiciffinio pubefcente,
llaminibus fubexfertis. Sp. pi 882. {Ger. em,
1311./. 2. Moris. Hiji. / J 2. /. 1 6. /. i .)

Broom-rape. Anglis.

In dry paflure, but rare. Upon the buck of Burnt-

ijland. Sihhald.

The root is a parafitical bulb, covered with oval-
lanceolate fcales. It adheres by a fibre to the
root of fome other plant, commonly of the Dia-
delphotis kind, fuch as broom, &c. The ftalk is
10 or 12 inches high and fiefliy, having no other
leaves than fcales, like thofe of the root. Ihe
flowers grow in a long cylindrical fpike, each
fubtended by an oval-lanceolate fcale or Bra^ea.

The

r,jajor. u

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. ^^^

The Caljx in this fpecies is divided only into 4
fegments, two longer, and two fhorter. The
Stamina do not projed out of the Corolla. The
Anthers cohere together. The Stigma is yellow,
and bluntly heart-ihap'd.
The whole plant is of a brown or fuillemort co-
lour.

It has a very aftrlngent tafte, and fmells a little like
cloves.

CLASSIS

334

T E. T R A D Y N A M I A.

C L A S S I S XV.

TETR ADYNAMIA.

S I L I C U L O S ^.

* Siliaila integral nee opice emarginata,

DRABA. Silk, valvulis'planiufculis. Stylus rm\i\x%,
SUBULARIA. 6V7/V. valvulis femiovatis. Stylus

brevior filiciila.
MYAGRUM. Silic, valvulis concavis. Stylus

perfiflens.

*;^ Silicula emarginata apiee.
IBERIS. Petala duo exteriora majora.
COCHLEARIA. 6;7;V. cordata : valvulis obtufis

gibbis.
LEPIDILM. Siiic. cordata : valvulis acute cari-

THLASPi. Si/ie. obcordata : valvulis margina-
to-carinatis.

S I L 1 Q^U O S ^.

* Calyx claufus fcliolis longitudinaliter eonniventibus.
RAPHANUS, Siliq. articulata.
ERYSIMUiVi. Suh. tetragona.
CHEjRANTHUS. Si!iq_. germine utrinq; glan-
dula notato.

ARABIS.

T E T R A D Y N A M I A. 335

ARAEIS. GlanduU 4. intra foliola calycma.

Stigma fimplex.
BRASSICA. Glandule 2 intra ftamina breviora ;

2 extra ftamina longiora.
TURRIT] S. Fetala ereda.

*** Calyx tijans folioUs fuperne dijlantibus.
CRAMBE. Siliq. decidua, globofaj ficco-baccata.

tilamenta 4 apice bifurca.
BUNIAS. Siliq, decidua, fubrotunda, muricata.
CARDAMINE. SiliO, dchifcens : valvulis revo-

lutis.
SINAPIS. Siliq^. dehifcens: Cal, horizontaliter

patens.
SISYMBRIUM. Siii(i. dehifcens : valvulis rediuf-

culis. CaU patulus.

CLASSIS

336 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

C L A S S I S XV.

TETRADYNAMIA.

SILICULOSA.

MYAGRUM. Gen, pi y^)6.
Silicula itylo conico terminata ; loculo fiibmono-
Ipertno.

Jaiivum*!. MYAGRUM filiculis obovatis pedunculatis poly-

fpermis. Sp. pi. Sg/\.. {Ger, em. 273./. ^. Moris.

hifl.f. 3. / 21./. I. ordinis medii ad dexlram, l^

/. 2. crdtnis inferior is.)
Gold of Pleaiurc. Aii^lis.
It is now and then found growing among flax, but

was probably at firft imported. O . Vl. VII.
The llalk is a yard high, ere6t and branched : the

leaves are fcffile, lanceolate and dented fparingly

on the edges. 7"he flowers are yellow, and grow

in Ipikes.
It is cultivated in Germany for the fake of the feeds,

from which an oil is exprefs'd, made ufe of to

burn in lamps &c.
It is faid that gcefe are very fond of the feeds.

SUBULARIA. Gen. pi. 799.
Silicida Integra, ovata ; valvis ovatis, concavis, dif-
lepin:ento contrariis. Stylus ficula brevior.

SUBULARIA.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 337

SUBULARIA. Sp. pi. 896. (Moris, hift. f. 8. /.
10./. uhim. Pluk. aim. t. 1S8. /. 5. male. Oed.
Dan. i. 7,s. opt. Pet. herb. t. 48./. 8. bona)
Awl-wort. AngUs.

It grows on the borders of the highland lakes, un-
der the water, in a gravelly or Tandy bottom, as
in Loch-'Ta\\ in Breadalbane.^ &c. Mr. Stuart.

O.Yin.

This plant is about an inch high : the leaves are
awl-Iliap'd, and grow in a clufter about the root :
the ftalk is naked, and produces four or five
fmall white flowers, growing alternately on fhort
peduncles.

It is very remarkable, that this diminutive plant
flowers under the water; vrhereas mofl: other
aquatic vegetables emerge from that element at
the time of flowering. This power of emergence
feems however the lefs necefl!ary in this plant, as
the petals are fcarcely ever feen to expand, but
connive together, fo as mofl" probably to defend
the impregnating Pollen from the injuries of the
water.

DRAB A. Gen.pl. 800.
Silicula Integra, ovali-oblonga. valvis planiufculis,

diflfepimento parallelis. Stylus nullus.
DRABA fcapis nudis, fol is fubferratis. Lin, fyjl^
nat. 432. Sp.pl. 896. (Ger. em. p. 624./. i.fo-
liis male exprejjis. Pet. herb. t. 48./. 6, 7. melior,
,^'eguier. leron. p. 329. /. 4. /. 3)

Z Common

3.^S TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Common Whitlow-Grafs. Anglis.

On walls and rocks frequent, q.s on SaliJImry-CraigSy
&c. O.IV. V.

Theftalks are naked, and about two or three inches
high : the leaves are elliptical, a little rough and
hairy, commonly with one or two dents, and
fomctimes more on the edges, and lie flat upon
the ground in a circle round the root : the petals
are white, and deeply Lifid : the Silicuia is ellip-
tical and comprefftd : the ftyle very fhort.

In rainy weather and in the night the lialk and'
flowers hang downwards.

ific^na 2. DRAB A foliis caulinis numerofis incanis, filiculis
oblongis, obliquis, fubfcfillibus. iJn. fyfi. nat.
432. Sp. pi. 897. (Pet. herh. t. 48./. 3 {fj' 4.:
Pluk. aim. t. 42, /. I. melior. Oed, Ban. t. 130.
opt.)

Wreathen-podded Whitlow Grafs. Anglis.

On dry rocky expofures among the h"ghland moun-
tains not unfrequent. I obferved it in manydr)
places, firil in the illand of 7/7«, upon dry rock)
banks near the Danijlo fort, afterwards in the il](
of ^kyey upon rocks near Buntulm caflle, and a
Creg-a-chnocaen, near Lead- beg, in Ajjynt., on th(
border of Sutherland.^ growing together with th(
Jjryas 8 felala., and in many other places. ^
VI.

The italk is five or fix inches high, hairy, ftifi
ere6l, mod commonly finglc, but frequend

branclied

TETR ADYNAMIA SILICULOSA, 339

branched : the leaves are Icfliie, oval-lanceolate,
and fparingly dented on the edges : the flowers
are white, and grow in a cluftcr at the top of the
flalk : the petals are llighcly emarginated -, the
pods ftand on fnort hairy peduncles, and are
twifted in a contrary direction to the fun's diur-
nal motion.

LEPIDIUM. Gen. pL 801.

Silicida emarginata, cordata, polyfperma. valvulis

carinatis, contrariis.

iatifoUumi. LEPIDIUM foliis ovato-lanceolatis integris ferra-

tis. Sp.pl. 899. {Ger. em. 241./. 2. Moris, hift.

f. 3. /. 21./. i.medii ordinis adfinijlram. Fet.herb-

t. 48./. 10. cum char aci ere)

Dittander or Pepperwort. AngUs.

Upon the fea coaft, as about the callle of JVeems,
in Fife/hire, &c. ^. Vil.

The ftalk is a yard high or more, ered and branch-
ed : the leaves are firm, fmooth, and finely fer-
rated, growing alternately without order, upon
the ftalk and branches : the flowers are exceed-
ingly fmall for the fize of the plant, and white,
very numerous, and grow in cluftered panicles :
the Silicula or feed-velTc-l is heart-fnap'd, the Style
fhort, the Stigma globular.

The young leaves are eaten fometimes in faliads;
they have a pungent acrid tafte, and arereckon'd
antifcorhutic.

Z 2 LEPIDIUM

340 TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

ruderale"'! LEPIDIUM floribus diandrls apetalis, foliis radi-
calibus dentato-pinnatis, ramiferis linearibus in-
tcgerrimis. Sp. pi. 900. fP^^' J^^^b. t. 50./. i.
Oed. Ban. t. 184. opt.)

Narrow-leav'd Dictander, or wild Crefs. Anglis.

It is now and then found in wafte places upon the
Tea coaft near wharfs, but vei> probably was
imported, o. VI.

The flalk is a foot high, and branched : the Calyces
art very fmall, of a pale yellow color, and grow
in cluilered fpikes, or Racemi : It has generally
no petals, and but two Stamina : the Silicuia
contains only two feeds, one v/ithin each valve.

The plant has a foetid fmell and pungent tafte.

THLASPI. Gen. pi. 802.
Silicuia emarginata, obcordata, polyfperma. valvu-
lis navicularibus, marginato-carinatis.
arvenCe i. THLASPI filiculis orbiculatis, foliis oblongis, den- j
tatis glabris. Sp. pi. 901. {Ger. em. 262. f. i. .
Moris, hiji.f. 3. /. 15./. 12. Blachvelt t. 68)
Treacle Muftard or Penny-Crefs. Anglis.
In corn fields, but not common. It was obferved
upon the borders of fome cornfields wcdiv Linton^
in I'-weedale, by the Rev. Dr. Burg-fs., of Kirk-
michael. O. VI. VII.
The ftalk is a foot high, angular and branched :
the leaves are leiTile, and embrace the ftalk at
their bafe : the flowers are very fmall and white :

the i

T'ETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 341

the SilicuU are comprefs'd, and remarkably-
large, being augmented by a circular membrana-
ceous wing, emarginated at the top : each cell
contains from one to fix feeds.
The plant fmells of garlick, and in countries where
it abounds, is found often to communicate its
difagreeable odor to the milk of cows that feed
on it. The feeds abound with an oil, ufed for-
merly for the rheumatifm and Iciatica, but at
prefent is out of pradice.

ampejlre 2 T. filiculis fubrotundis, foliis fagittatis dentatis inca-
nis. Sp. pi. 902. (F^/. herb. t. 50./. 7. hna.)
Mithridate Muftard. Jn^lis.
In corn fields and dry gravelly foils, but not com-
mon. Dr. Farfons.
The ftalk is about a foot high, downy and branched
towards the top : the radical leaves are finuated
at the bale, but oval at the end : thofe on the
ftalk, as exprefied in the fpecific difference, but
are numerous, lefTile, and embrace the ftalk at
their bafe : the flowers are fmall and white, and
grow in clufters or tufts, which are afterwards
lengthened into fpikes : the peduncles are downy,
and bear each a fmgie flower : the Silicula is
flightly downy, oval, and gibbous underneath,
having two feeds in each cell.
7r. G. There is a variety of this with fmooth leaves,

fcarcely ferrated, and v/ithout flnuated leaves at
Z 3 the

J42 TETRADYNAMIA SfLICULOSA.

the root. {Gcr. em. p. 261. f. 2. Men's, hiji. f. 3.
/. 17. /. 14. Pet. herb. t. 50./. 8. Blackivell t. 407)

burfapafto- THLASPI filiculis obcordatis, foHis radicalibus
^* pinnatifidis. Sp.pl. 903. (Ger. em. 276./. i. Mo-

ris, kijl. f. 3, /. 20. /, 2. ordinis JuDericris. Pet.
herb. t. 49. /. 4, 5 £ff 6. Blackivell. t. 5.)

Shepherd's- Piirfe. Anglis.

Sporran-buachailj. Gaulis.

In corn fields, gardens, vvafte places, and by way-
fides, common. O.IV-VI.

The Siliada is of the fliape of an inverted triangle:
the valves are obtufe, and have no marginal
wing : each cell contains about twelve feeds.
-jar. |3. There is a fmall variety of this plant, not uncom-

mon, with radical leaves almoft intire, fvid. Pet.
herb. t.^().f. 7)

It has an infirid tafte, but is recommended by ma-
nv writers, in h'£morrhagies of all kinds, ufed
both internally and externally, in man and beaft.

COCHLEARIA. Gen.pl 803.
Silicula emarginata, turgida, fcabra. valvulisgibbis,

obtufis.
COCHLEARIA foliis radicalibus cordato-^fubro-
tundis, cauiinis oblongis fubfmuatis. Li7i. man-
tifs. altera, p. 425. Sp.pl. 903. [Ger. em. 401./.
I. Moris, hijl.f. 3. /. 20./ 1. Pet. herb. t. 49. /.
\, Blackvcel t iiy. Oed. Dan, t. 135. opt.)

Common

official a lis i.

2.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. 343

Common officinal Scurvy grafs. AngUs,

Biolaire. Gatilis.

Upon rocks on the fea coafl, and on the highland
moffntains abundantly. $ . V.

The radical leaves ftand on long footftalks, are
heart-ihap'd at the bafe, but rounded and nightly
angular in the circumference, fmooth, fucculenr,
and of a deep green color : thofe on the ftalk
are feffile, oval-lanceolate, embracing the ftalk
at the bafe, and have now and then a fev/ large
angular dents on the edges r the flov/ers are white
and fweet-fcented : the Silicida is oval, gibbous,
and terminated with a (hort blunt ftyle : each cell
contains four feeds.

It has an acrid, bitter and acid tafte, and is highly
recommended for the fcurvy. There areinftances
of a whole fnip's crew having been cured ot that
diftemper by it ; and as it abounds with acid
falts, there can be no doubt but that it is a great
refifter of putrefaction. The beft way of taking
it is raw in a fallad. It is alfo diuretic, and ufe-
ful in dropfies. The highlanders efteem it as a
good ftomachic.
COCHLEARIA foliis haftato-angulatis, omnibus
deltoidibus. Lin. mantifs. altera, p. 4^5- ^'- P'-
003. {Ger. em. 271./. 5- Moris, hifl.f. 3. t. 21
/ 3. Vet. hrb. t. 49- /• S- Oed. Ban. t. 100. opt.)
Danifn Scurwgrafs. Angiis.
Upon the rocks on the fca coaft, intermixed now
^ and

344 TETRADyiNAMIA SILICULOSA.

and then with the preceding, but not common.
$. V.

The radical leaves are often rounded as in the pre-
ceding, but fmaller : the ftalks are weak, and
commonly trail upon the ground : the ilalk-
leaves are hajtate, with an angle or dent on each
fide near the bafe, and Hand on fliort peduncles.

Ail authors have defcribed this as a diftinft fpecies
from the preceding; we do not therefore prefume
to diflent from the general opinion, otherwife we
ihould be diipofed to term it only a variety, as
we have obferved the limits between them infen-
fibly vanilliing into one anothei'.

To.';;/^;/- C. foliis reniform.ibus carnofis integerrimis. Sp. pL
^ica 3. po4 {Bnrth. g£1. 3. p. 143. /. 144.;

Gieenland Scurvygrals. AngJis.

Upon the highland mountains, about Loch-Ran-
noch^ in Vsrthfioire^ &c. and in the Orknies. Mr.
Stuart. ^ . V. VL

The radical leaves are very fmall and fucculent,
convex on the under fide, and have long; thread-
like footltalks : thole on the ihlk are ha/late and
angular, and have fliort footftalks. The plant
is not above two inches high, and from the fpe-
cimens we have feen, we fufpedt it to be only a
ilarv'd variety of the firft kind.

n<jUca 4. COCHLEARIA foliis omnibus cvato-lanceolatis
fubfinuatis. Sjj.j)l. 903. {Ger.em. 401,/. 2. Mj-

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 345

ris. kiji. /. 3. /. 20. /. 2. ordinis inferioris. Pet.

herb. t. 49./. 2. Oed. Dan. ^ig.fed non bona.)
Englifh Sea Scurvygrafs. Anglis.
In the north by the fea fide, and ypon the rocks of

Inch-Columb. I infert this on Sibbaid's authority

only. $ . V. VI.
Xhe leaves are fucculent, and often reddifh : they

are all oval-lanceolate, but many of them have

often no finufes, but only an angle on each

fide, at the bafe : thofe on the italk are fcflile.

Gerard's figure is ncareft to nature.

C. foliis pinnatifidis, caule deprefib. Lin. Jyjl. nat.
Sp. pL 904. {Ger. em. 427./. i.Blackwell 1. 120.
Oed. Dan. t. 2 02. J

Swines CrelTes. AnzUs.

In moid clayey expos'd places by road-fides, but
not common. Sibbald. O. VIU.

The leaves and ftalks are fmooth, and lie flat upon
the ground all round tlie root : the flowers orow
in fhort axillary tufts, and are white : they?//-
cula are kidney-fliap'd and echinated. Each cell
generally contains one feed.

This plant was fome years ago rendered famous, the
afhes of it being an ingredient in Mrs. Joanna
Stephens's celebrated medicine for the fl:one and
gravel ; but unfortunately for thofe afflided with
that excruciating complaint, it has not been able
to fupport its credit.

It is acrid, and taftes like garden crefs.

IBERIS.

34^ TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

IBERIS. Ge?7. pL 804.

Cor. irregularis, petalis duobus exteiioribus majori-
bus. Silicida polyfperma, emarginata.
nudicauUsi IBERIS herbacea, foliis finuatis, caule nudo fim-
plici. Sp. pi. 907. [Ger. em. 251./. 4. Moris, hiji.
f. 3. t. 19./. 5. Oed. Dan. /. 323 J

RockCrefTes. Anglh.

On fandy banl<s and in gravelly foils, but rare.
Sibbald. O. V. VI.

The leaves grow flat upon the eartli, all round the
root: thev are deeply linuated with two or three
pair of oval acute lobes, with an odd rounder
and larger one at the end: the ftalks arife from
the centre of the leaves, unbranched, for the
mofl; part naked, and from two to four inches
high : the flowers are white, and grow in tufts
at the top of the fl:aiks : the fllicula is nearly
heart-fliap'd, and furrounded with a membrana-
ceous wing : each cell generally contains two
feeds.

It is a neat little plant in its growth and appear-
ance, and is diftinguifhed irom the genus of
Thlafpi^ by having the tv/o exterior petals larger*
than the other two.

SILIQUOSA.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 347

S I L I Q^ U O S A.

CARDAMINE. Gen. pi 812.

Suiqtia elaftice defiliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma

integrum. CaJ. fub/tians.

* FoUis Jimplicibus,

CARDAMINE fcliis fimplicibus oblongis dentatis.
Sp.pl. 913. (Dillen. Eitham. t. 61. /. 71. ?Jiik.
dm. t. 101./. 7,. Fet. herb. t. 50./. o^./me flori-
biis. Oed. Dan. t. 386. ^ fig, noji.)

Alpine Ladies- J mock. Anglis.

Upon moift roclvs and by the fides of rivulets, near
the fummits of the highland mountains in manv
places, as upon Crcg-Chailleacl\ in Breadalbane
upon a mountain called Baikevall in the ifland of
Rum abundantly, and upon Ben-na-Caillich, in
Strath, in the iQe of Skys. ^^ VII.

The ftalks are from three to fix inches high ; they
recline at the bale, and increafe by offsets : the
radical leaves are fometimes only dented on the
edges, but are more frequently deeply finuated
with two pair of oval acute lobes, and an odd
one at the extremity : the ftalk-leaves are lefs
dented, and the uppermofc are elliptical and en-
tire : the flowers are either white or a little tinp-'d
with purple : the valves of the Siliqua burft at
the bafe, but do rot coil up like the other fpe-
cicj of this genus.

-^ Folm

348 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

"* Foliis pinnatis.
tmpattens 2 q ^qJjj^ pinnatis incifis flipvilatis, floribus apetalis*
Sp. pi. 914. (Ger. em. 260./. 7. Moris, hijl. f. 3.
/. 4./. I. Pet. herb. t. ^y.f. 7)

Impatient Ladies-fmock. Anglis.

At the foot of mountains, and in lliady places,
but rare. Dr. Parfons, O . V.

The ftalk is from fix 4:0 twelve inches high, angu-
lar, ft iff, eredl, and a little branched : the radi-
cal leaves have five pair or more of oval Pinn^,
which are obtufely lobed : the ftalk-leaves are
llkewife pinnated, but the Pinnae are deeply and
acutely dented or lobed, efpecially on the lower
edge : the flowers grow in erecft fpikes, and the
Silioj{^ are almoft parallel to the ftalk, and burft
with great elafticity when ripe : the petals are
whitifti, fmail, and extremely fugacious, but
oftentimes it has no petals at all.

hirfuta ^. CARDAM'NE foiiis pinnatis, floribus tetrandris.

Sp. pL gi^. {Barrelier. ic. 455. Pet. herb. 47. /.

4. ^copoli. Flcr. CarnioL /. 38. Moris, hiji.f. 3. /.

4./. II.)
Hairy Ladies-fmock. Anglis.
In gravelly foil?, and often on moift rocks, and by

the fides of rivulets. Under Salijlniry-Craig. Dn

Parfons. O. V.
The radical leaves are numerous, and lie upon the

ground in a circle round the root ; they have

three or four pair of roundilhdiftant Pinn^, with

a larger

TETR ADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA, 349

a larger odd one at the end : thefe P/«w^ ftand
on fliort footftalks, are generally a Kttle hairy,
and have one or two flight dents on the ed^rcs,
the extreme one often obfcurely divided a little
way down into three lobes : the ftalk-leaves are
fimilar, but more oval, and narrower, and fome-
times lanceolate ; the ftalks are generally hairy,
angular, from four to eight inches high, branched
and feveral from the fame root : the petals are
fmall and white, about as long again as the ca-
lyx : the flov/ers have ofien the two Ihorter (la-
mina deficient, but we frequently find them re-
gular with all fiv vifible : the Jlliqua^ burft with
an elaftic force. The young leaves are a good
fallad.

CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus
fubrotundis, caulinis lanceolatis. Sp, pi. 9 jr.
{Ger, em. 259./. i, 2. Blackwell t. 227. Moris.
hift,f. 3. /. 4./. 7. Pet. kerb. t. 47./ 5)

Common Ladies-fmock, or Cuckov/.fiower. Anglis.

In wet paftures and by the fides of rivulets frequent

The radical leaves have generally about fix pair of
Finn<£^ nearly heart fhap'd, with a few angular
dents on the edges : the flialk is a foot high,
crcft, round and fiftular : the petals are white,
or tinged with purple, with deeper veins, and
yellow ungues, and almoft half an inch long : the
leaves are very acrid, and the flowers have

lately

350 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

lately had fome repute in the cure of epileptic
fits.

mmra S' C. fojiis pinnatis, axillis ftoloniferis. Sp. pL 915.
(Naftu)-tlum pyrct-mikum &c. Herman. Paradif.pl.
203. Baiih, Prodrom. p. 45-/^. ad finijirara. Pet.
herb. t. 47./. 1.)

Bitter Creffes. Jnglis.

By the fides of rivulets and in moifl: places, but
not common : by rhe new well on the water of
Leith. Dr. Parfons. "U . V.

'J he leaves have generally three pair of oval-angu-
lar Pi?in^, with an odd one at the end : the ilalk
leaves are of the fame figure, and nearly of the
fame fize with the radical ones : the ftalks are
angular, and a foot high or more : the petals are
quite white, eredt, and four times longer than
the leaves of the calyx : the antkera are red :
the JloloneSy or young runners from the aU ot
the leaves, as mentioned in the fpecific difference,
are not always to be found : the young leaves
are acrid and bitterlfh, but do not tafte amifs in
fallads.

SlSYMBRlUiM. Gen. pi. Hi_^.

.V;7/j«<3 dehifcens valvulis refiiufculis. C<?/)- a,' patens.

Coroha patens.

* 'Slliriuh declinahs hrevibiis.

n ■ SISYMBRIUM filiquis declinati?, foliis pinnatis,
riajtirrtiiim ^ r ,- ^•

,r,uaticum I ^^^^«^'-'

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 351

foliolis fubcordat's. .S^. pi. 916. {Ger. em. 257.
/. 5. Moris, hijl. f. 3. t. 4./. 8. BL^ckwell /. 260;

Water-crefles. Jfji^lis.

On the brinks of rivulets frequent, il. S . Vlf.

The leaves have from four to eight pair of fmooth,
fuccLilenc and felTile Pinnae : the flowers are imall
and white, and grow in Pnort fpikes or tufts.

The young leaves are well known to furnifh an'
agreeable fallad, and have always been eftcem'd
as an excellent muifcorbutic : they are faid like-
wife to be beneficial in removing obftruclions of
the vlfcera, and in the jaundice.

SISYMBRIUM filiquis declinatis oblonso-ovatis,
fohis pinnatis, foliolis lanceolatis ferratis. Lin.
fyft. nat. p. 439. ^'p' pi' 916. (Ger. em. 24S. /. 6.
Moris, hijl.f. 3. /. 6./. 17. Ph. herb. t. ^6.f. 5)

Water-Rocket. Anglis,

By water-fides and in waile places, but not com-
mon. Dr. Parfons cT bibbald. %. VII. VIII.

The ftalk reclines at the bale, but is ered after-
wards, fmooth, ftriated and branched : the leaves
have from three to fix pair of Pinna', which are
lanceolate, fharply indented, generally alternate,
and fefille upon a wide rib : the flowers are fmall
and yellow : the calyx yellowiih : the filiqu^e
ftand on horizontal peduncles, and are curv'd a
little upwards, fo as 10 ftand almofl: parallel to
the branches,

S. fil

quis

552 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

am-phibium S. filiquis declinacis oblongo-ovatis, foliis pinnatifi-
3- dis lerraiis. Sp. pi. 917. (Bauh. Prod. t. 3H. fig,

ad dextram. Moris, hifi. f. 3. /. "7./. 3. ordinis in- ■

ferioris. Pet. herb. t. 4g. f. 9)
Amphibious Rocket, or jagged Water-Radiih,

Jnglis.
By the fides of ditches, and where water has flag-

nated, but not common. Sibbald. i;.VII.
The leaves of this have four or five pair of oval

fcrrated Pintice., growing fefiile upon a wide foli-

aceous rib, with an odd one at the end, divided

into three lobes : the ftalk is angular, and has

many flexures among the flowering branches : the

flowers are fmall and yellow : the petals fhorter

than the calyx.
^aquaiicum There is a variety of this with leaves entire, or

only ferrated on the edges, {vid. Bauh. Frodrom.

t. 35^/^. ad.firdjiram. Ger. em. 240. /. 2. Moris.

hifi. /. 3. /. 7- /. 4. crdiyiis inferior is. Pet. herb. t.

49- /• 8J
Broad-leav'd Water-Radilh. Anglls.

This grows with its root under water, in ditches
and lakes. 1;. VI. VII-

The leaves, which arc immerfed under water, are
pinnated with narrow linear P/;?;/^, but thofe out
of the water are lanceolate, and either ferrated on
the edges, or a little jagged : the petals are yel-
low, and longer than the calyx. The whole
plant has an acrid tafte.

** Caule

Carc^

'a:^/l^^?l^

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 353

** Caule nudo.

SISYMBRIUM acaule, foliis pinnato-dentatis fub-
pilofis, fcapis Isevibus. Lin. mantifs. altera, p.
427. Sp. pi. 9i3. {Dillen. Eltham. t. 111. f. 1^5.
^ fig. nojt.)
Ifle of Man Rocket. AngVts.
On the fca fhores in fandy foils in many places, as
in the ifle of Bute^ about a mile to the fouth of
Mountfieivart., on the weft fide of the ifle of Ar-
ran, not far from Dndm-an-duin, beyond Carn-
Baan^ and at Lamlafh bay, on the Arran fide
abundantly, and in Cantire^ on the weftern fide,
between Machrianifio bay and Barr, &c. % ? VL
VII.
The radical leaves have five or fix pair of diftant,
oval-acute, deeply-indented pinna., growing fome
alternate, and fome oppofite to each other, in-
creafing in fize towards the end of the leaf,
which is terminated with a larger one, divided a
little way down into three lobes, which are in-
dented : thefe leaves have generally a few fcat-
tered hairs upon them, efpecially about their
footftalks. Several fmooth, reclining ftalks arife
from the centre of the leaves, ten or twelve
inches long, w^hich have commonly one leaf to-
wards their bafe, having linear pnna a little in-
dented on their lower edges : the leaves of the
calyy^ are clofed together, and hairy at their fum-
A a mits :

^54 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

mlts : the petals are yellow, with an entire mar-
gin, and twice as long as the caty>:.

*** Boliis pinna tis.
fopHa 5. SISYMBRIUM petalis calyce minoribiis, foliis de-
compofito pinnatis. Sp. pi. 920. (Ger. em. 1068.
/. I. Pet, herb. t. 46, /. 12. Elackv^elL t. 440.
Oed. Dan. t. 528. opt.)

Flix-Wecd. AngTis.

In wafle places near towns and villages, not un-
common. O. VIII.

rhe ilalk is a cubit high, ereft, and greatly
branched : the leaves are a little hairy and foft,
doubly pinnated j t\\p pinnuU linear : the petals
are yellow, very Tmall, and not above half the
length of the calyx : the leaves of the calyx fland
open : ihtjiamina are longer than the calyx: the
fili^ua are flrair, parallel to the flalk. and grow
very quick. ]

A drachm of the feeds of this plant was formerl);
much ufcd in dyfcnteries, and to expell worms.
but is out of the prefent practice.

ERYSIMUM. Gen.pl 814.

Siliqua columnaris, exafte tetraedra. Cal. claufus.

ERYSIMUM filiquis fcapo adprefiis, foliis runci
natis. Sp. pi. q22. (Ger. em, ISA- f- i. Moris, hift
f. 3- t'?>' f' *• ordirds inedii Fet. herb. t. 46. /. -
'Blackivell t. 28)

Ilcdge-muftard. Anglis.

officinale i.

TETRADYNAMIA SILTQUOSA. ^sB

In wafte places, and by way-fides not uncommon.

0. vr.

The ftalk is erecl, two or three feet high, and
branched : the leaves arc hairy, and pinnated
cither with credl, or reverfely hooked pinnae :
their anterior parts deeply cut or jigged, the
odd one at the extremity very large and triangu-
lar : the upper4eaves are trifid, v/ith a pair of
pifirice under the triangular fegment : the flowers
grow in fpikes very fmall and yellow : xhtfiUqucs
are round, hairy. Tubulated at the end, longi-
tudinally ftreaked, ercft, and prefled fo clofe to
the branches, as to make them appear naked.

ERYSIMUM foliis lyratis, extimo fubrotundo.
Sp. pi 922. (Ger. em. 243. Moris, hijl, f. 3. /. 5.
/. II. l^ 12. Pet. herb. /• 46./. i.)

Winter CrefTes, or Rocket. AngUs*

On the banks of ditches and rivulets, but not very
common. By the the fide of the water of Leith.
Dr. Parfons. n . V.

The ftalk is a foot and a half high, cre6t, fmooth,
furrow'd, and branched : the leaves are fmooth,
of a dark green, and have two or three pair of
roundilh alternate or conjugate lobes, conneded
to a broad foliaceous rib, the extreme lobe be-
ing much the largeft, and either of an oval, or
bluntly rhomboidal figure, fiightly dented on the
edges : the flov.'crs grow in thick lpiV;es, and arc,
yellow : the peduncles are compreflTed, and qua-
A a 2 dranyfuLr :

356 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

drangular : the fuiqu^ are fhort, ered, round, 01
flighdy quadrangular: the feeds arc oval, finely!
dotted, and reticulated.
The young leaves in the fpring ?re fometimes eaten^
in fallads, but to moil people they have a bitter'
unpleafant tafte.

(illiaria 3. ERYSIMUM foliis cordatis. Sp. pi. 922. (Ger.
em, 794. Moris, hiji. f. 3. /. 10 /. 6. Blackwell t.

372)
Jack-by-the-hedge, or Sauce-alone. Anglis.

In hedges and wafte places ; under S^lijh'iiry craigs,
ace. Dr. Varfons. li . V. VI.

The ftalks are a yard high; the branches nearly;
erefl ; the leaves thin, flaccid, and ferrated,
fmelling like garlick when bruifcd : the flowers
are white : i\\e filiqu^ hardly quadrangular, but
round, with two lateral elevated lines, the mid-
dle ones fcarcely prominent : the membrane
which runs between the valves is fpongy, and the
feeds, which are cylindrical and furrow'd, are
imbedded in it. '

The leaves were formerly in ufe for fcafoning fa-
voury diflies, but are at prefent little regarded,
the different kinds of Allium being efteemed
much more preferable.

An outward application of them is recommended
by Boerhave^ and others, in gangreens and can-
cerous ulcers. ■

An

IT/rRADYNAMlA SILIQUOSA. q,s7

An infect called by Linnceus Curcitllo AUiaria breeds
in the ftalks.

E. fbliis lanceolatis inregcrrimis, filiqiiis patulis.
Lin.fyjl. nat. p. 441. Sp. pi. 92;. "^Ger. cm, 273-
/. 4. Moris, hiji.j. 3. t. 5./. 7. ?et. herb. t. 45.

/. 2;

Treacle Wormfeed. AngVts.

Iq corn fields, but not common. Sihbald, O. VII.
VIII.

The flalks are a cubit high, erecl, and branched :
the leaves are feflile, elliptical and acute, flightly
dented on the edges, and ro^igh to the touch,
being covered with very {hort hairs : the flowers
are yellow and fmall, the petals oval : the caly:ii
not gibbous at the bafc : thtfiliqu^c an inch long,
ere6l, and bluntly quadrangular. I have in-
ferted this fpecies as a native on the authority of
Sihbald only.

CHEIRANTHUS. Gen. pi. 815.
Germeyi utrinque denticulo glandulato. Cal. claulus,
foliolis duobus bafi gibbis. Sewina plana.
r/ I. CHEIRANTHUS foliis lanceolatis acutis glabris,
ramis angulatis, caule frufticolb. Lin. fyfi. net,
441. Sp.pl. 924. (Ger. cm. 456./. i. Pet. herb,
t. 45./. 3. Moris, hijf.j. 3. t. 8./. 15.)
Wall- flower. Aug^as.

Upon old walls and cafl:les frequent. "U . V.
The flowers are yellow and fweet-icented.

A a ? ARABLS.

358 TETR ADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

ARABIS. Gen. pi. 8i8.
Glandule neftarifcrac 4, fingula? intra calycls foliola, ,
fquamae inltar reflexse.
thaliana i. ARABIS foliis petiolatis lanceolatis integcrrimis.
Sp. pi 929. (Moris, hijl. / 3. ^. 7. /- 5- P^^-
herb. t. 48./. i. 2. i:hal. hare. 84. /. 7./. D.Bar-
relier ic. 269, ;/. i. 2. (i? 270. «. 3. Cranz. p.

41./. 3.^. 2; ;

Thale's Crefs, or coded Moufc-ear. AngUs. \

Upon walls, dry banks, and gravelly foils not un-

frequent. O. VI.
The ftalks are ten or twelve inches high, ereft,
branched, and with few leaves on them : the
leaves are a little rough and hairy, oval and
pointed, often entire, but fometimes flightly in- ;
dented on the edges, and lie flat upon the ground
round the root in a circle : the flowers are fmall
and white : the filiqua; round, flender, and pa-
tent., or difl:ant from the branches.

TURRITIS. Gen.^l 819.

Siliqua longifllma, angulata. Cal. connivens, erec-

tiis. Cor. ereda.

hirjuta I. TURRITIS foliis omnibus hifpidis, caulinis am-

plexicaulibus. Sp. pL 930. {Bauh. Prodrom. 42.

ic. ad dextram. Pet. herb, t./^j.f. 12. Moris, biji.

/• 3- ^- ?• /• S)
Hairy Tower-mufl:ard. Anglis,

Upoi

TE.TRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 359

Upon dry rocks frequent, as upon the rocks in the

king's park at Edhilurgh, t<Q. o . VI.
The ftalk is rough, a foot high or more, generally
unbranched : the leaves are rough, fliplefs, oval,
flightly ferrated, and fometimes entire, and fprcad
upon the ground round the root in a circle : the
llalk-leaves are feffile, and embrace the ftalk at
their bafe : the petals are of a yellowiili white;
the leaves of the calyx the fame, but their fum-
mits tinged with red : the filiqud^ are linear, llrait,
convex on both fides, having a longitudinal line
in the middle of each valve : the younger fili-
qua are dark color'd, and (land parallel and clofe
to the ftalk, but when ripe they hang down ;
the feeds form little round elevations on the out-
fide of the valves.

BRASSICA. Gen.pl 820.
CaL eredlus, connivens. Sem. globofa. Glandula in-
ter ftamina breviora &pi{lillum, intera^ longio-
ra & cahcem.
BRASSICA radice caulefcente fufiformi. Sp. pi.
931. {Ger. em. 235. /. 2. Moris, hijl.f, 3. /. 2.
fig. ultima. Vet. herb. t. ^S- f- 9)
Wild Navew. Anglis.

Amongft corn, on ditch banks, and in wafte places.
On the rocks behind Edinhurgh caftle. Dr, Par-
fom. ^.VI.
The ftalk is from a foot to two feet high : the ra-
dical leaves are almoft fmooth, and divided into

deeply

3^0 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

deeply pinnated lobes, which lobes are again ir-
regularly indented or finuated on the edges : the
ftalk-leaves are fmooth, glaucous, fefTile, of a
long heart-fiiap'd figure, (lightly denticulated on
the edges, and embrace the (talk at their bafe.
The calyx (lands open : the -petals are yellow.
There is a variety of this, which has an efculent
root, and which is cultivated in many parts of
Europe for the fake of an oil which is prefs'd
from the feeds.

SIN APIS. Gen. pi. 821.

Cal, patens. Cor. ungues refti. GUndula Inter fta-
mina breviora & piftillum, interque longiora &
Calycem.
'.rvcnfis I. SINAPIS filiquis multangulis torofo- turgid is laevi-
bus roftro ancipitilongioribus. Lin.fyfi. nat. 444.
Sp. pi. 933. {Ger. em. 233./. 2. Moris. Lvjt.f.^'
t. 3./. 7. Pet. herb. t. A5- f- 12)

Wikl Muftard, or Charlock. Jngljs.

In corn fields frequent. G. V. VI.

The (lalk is roughly hairy, a cubit high, and
branched, and is commonly tinged with red be-
tween the branches and the root : the leaves are
a little rough, and commonly pinnatifid ; they
hiv- generally one or two pair of lobes, which
unite together at their bafe, and a great ellipti-
cal odd one at the end, all of them irregularly
ferrated : the leaves of the calyx are angular,
fmooth, of a yellowifji green color, (landing

open

2.

mgra ■ 3.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQIJOSA. 361

open at the top, and two of them gibbous at the
bafe : the petals are yellow and vein'd : the JJli-
qu^e are fmooth, or (lightly hairy, and longer than
the rojlrtm: the feeds are acrid and fufcous,
eight or nine in a pod.
The young plants, before they flower, are boiled
and eaten as greens in feveral parts oi England..

S. filiquis hifpidis, roftro obliquo longiffimo enfifor-
mi. Lin. fyfi. nat. 445. .S^. pi 93:^. (Ger. em.
14^4' f' 4. i^£i' herb. t. 45. /. 10. Blackivell. t. 29)

White Muftard. Anglis.

It is fometimes found in hedges and waile places,
near towns and villages, but is probably to be
confidered only as the outcaft of gardens. O.
VII.

The flowers are yellow, the peduncles llriated :
xkitfiliquie are white, hairy, fliorter than the rof-
irum^ and Jiave generally three knobs or protu-
berances over the feeds : tlie feeds are yellowilh,
acrid, and three or four in a pod.

The feminal leaves of this plant, with thofe of the
Lepidium fativum Lin. afford a well-known fallad
in the fpring.

SIN APIS filiquis glabris tetragonis raceme ap-
preffis. Lin.fyji. nat. p. 445. Sp. pi. 933. {Ger.
em. 244./. I. Moris, hift. f. 3. /. 3./. r. or dims
Juperioris. Pet. herh. t. 45./. 11. /. Baub. IL p.
855, cum bona icone & defcriptione Blackwell t,
446)

Common

3^2 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

Common Muflard. AngUs.

A'mharag. Gaulis. Sgeallan, the feeds. Gaulis.

Under hedges and in wafle places, but perhaps
only the refufe of gardens. Dr. Farfons ^ Sib-
bald, o. VI.

The flalk is three or four feet high, greatly branch-
fd : the branches diftant and open : the leaves
pinnarifid, and all, except the radical ones,
fmooth : the flowers yellow, the filiqua fhort :
the feeds round and fufcous, extremely acJ^id,
and eight or nine in a pod.

The leaves in the fpring are in fome parts of Eng-.
land boiled and eaten as greens.

The feeds are well known for cul.nary ufes, and are
fometinies ufed externally In medicine, where ir-
ritation is intended without bliftering.

RAPHANU3. Gen.pl^ii.
CaJ. clauuis. Siliaua torofa, fubarticulata, teres.
Glandule mellifera; 2 inter llamina breviora & pil-
tiilum, totidem inter ftamina long"iora & calycem,
rnphanif- KAPHANUS filiquis teretibus articulatis liEvibus
trumi. -unilocularibus. ^'p- pi S^5- (Ger. em.'iJ^o. f. i.

Moris, hiji.f. 3. /. 13. /. i, £f? 2. ordinis medii.
Fet. herb. t. 46. /. 10)
Jointed podded Charlock, ylnglis.
In cornfields frequent. G. VI. VII.
The ftalk is rough, with pellucid y/);>i«/^, or fliarp
hairs : the leaves are pinnatifid, with only one or

two

TETRADYNAiMIA SiLlC^UOSA. 363

two pair of lobes, and ferfated, generally li-nooth
but Ibmetirnes hairy : the footilalks are com-
monly hairy : the calyx is hairy : the flowers ge-
nerally yellow, but ibmetirnes vA\\it.
The plant has an acrid tafte, and ftrong alcflainc
Imell.

BUNIAS. Ge)7. pi. S-j.

8ilicuh decidua, tetraedra, angulis inaequalibus acu-

niinatis muricata.

£akik I. BUNIAS filiculis ovatis la^vibus ancipitibus. Sp.
pi. 936. {Gcr. em. 24^./. 5. Moris, hijl.f. 3. t.b.
f. 20. Pet. herb. L 46. /. 6)

Sea Rocket. Jnglis.

On the fea lliores in Tandy places not uncommou,
as on Leilh fands, at Kirkcthiy, on tlie coaft of
Fife^ on the weftern fide of Cantire^ between
Machrianijh bay and Barr^ 3cc. O. VI. VII.

The llalk is about a foot high, often much more,
branched from the bafe into wide divaricated
branches : the leaves are fmooth, fucculent, pin-
iiatifid, and have a faltifli taflie : the flowers grow
in fhort fpikes or clufl:ers, of a pale red or flefli
color : the pod is fhort, jointed, and contains
two cells, with one or two feeds in each : the
flyle is long and comprcflTed, which forms af-
terwards the rojlrum of the pod.

CRAMBE.

564 TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

CRAMBE. Gerj. pi 825.

Filament a 4 longiora apicebifurca, alrero antherifero.

Bacca ficca, globofa, dccidua

inaritimal. CRAMBE foliis cauleq ; glabrls. Sp. pL 937.

{Ger. em. 315./. 15. Moris, hijl. f. 3. t. 2. /. 16.

Pet. herb. t. 4H./. 12. Oed. Dan. t. 316. opt. cum.

char a ^ ere.)

Sea Colewort. Anglis.

On the fea coaft in Tandy or lloney Toils, but not
common. On the fhore by Faji-Cajile, in Ber-
wick/hire. Dr. Parfons. "U. VI.

The leaves are bluntly oval, glaucous, Tucculenr,
plaited, and deeply Tinuated on the edges : the
Item is two feet high, and branched towards the
top : the flowers are white, and grov^ in fhort
Tpikes or chillers ; the fruit is a roundifhi, pulp-
leTs, green berry, with one cell, containing a
fmgle Teed.

The young leaves cover'd up with Tand and blanch'd
while growing, are boiled and eaten as a great
delicacy.

CLASSIS

M O N A D E L P H I A. s^5

C L A S S I S XVI.
MONADELPHIA
DECANDRIA.

GERANIUM. Monogyna. Cap. 5-cocca, rof-
trato.

P O L Y A N D R I A.
LAVATERA. Polygyna. CaL exterior 3-fidus

Jril/i i-fpermi, verticillati.
MALVA. Polygyna. Cal. exterior 3-phyllus.

Jri/Ii i-fpermi, verticillati plures.
ALTHAEA. Polygyna. CaL exterior 9-fidus.

j^rilli I-fpermi, verticillati.

CLASSIS

3^^ MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA,

C L A S S I S XVI.

M O N A D E L P H I A

DECANDRIA.

GERANIUM. Cm, pi. 832.

Monogyi>a. Stigmata 5. Fralfus rofiratus, 5-coccus.

* Staminibus quin^ue anther if eris,

cicutarium GERANIUM pediinculis multiflorls, fionbns pen-

'* tandris, foliis pinnatis incifis obtufis, caule ra-

moib. Lin. fy/f. nat^ 454. S'p. pi. 951. [Ger, em.

945./. ^. Moris, biji. f. 5. /. 15. /. 9. Pet. herb. t.

6^. f. 3. K\Y\n. pefitap. irreguL t. 112. Jig. bona.)

Hemlock-lcav'd Crane's-bill. AngUs.

In dry paftures, on landy fhores, and in wafte
places under the walls of towns frequent. O.
V-VIII.

The leaves generally fpread flat upon the ground,
are fometinics hairy and fometimes fnqooth, and
confift of a long ferics of nearly equal pinn^c^
which are fefTile and Oiarply pinnatifid : the pe-
duncles arife from the ale of tlie leaves : the
jlipuLe are oval, filmy, and white : the calyx a
little hairy and open : the petals (which are al-
ways five in this genus) elliptical, red, and a
little unequal, the two upper ones being fome-

what

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 367

what lliortcr than the three lover ones, and
placed at a fnfiall diftance from them. The fila-
ments are commonly ten, but five only are fer-
tile, or bear anthers.
We obferved a variety of it v.'ith white flowers on
the fea banks near IFeems, in FifeJJme.

GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis inferiori-
bus quinque-partito-mukifidis rotundatis, fiipe-
rioribus trilobis, caule eredto. Lin. mantijs alte-
ra.-p, 257. Gtran. ferenyie. Huds. Flor. Anglica. ^
265. {Gerard. ProvinciaL 434. t. 16. f. 2)

Perennial Dovesfoot Crane's-bill. Anglis.

In mountainous paftures and wafte places near Edin-
burgh^ but not common. "U. Dr. Par Jons.

The ftalk is twelve or eighteen inches high, hairy,
ered, and difflifcly branched : the leaves are
hairy, the fegments a little obtufe, having a red
line on the margin, and unequally cat or dented :
the leaves of the calyx have each a red glandule
at the ape^ : the petals are twice the length of
the calyx^ emarginated, and of a blueidi purple
color: the five outer Jfamina are deflitute of an-
thera, and Ihortcr than the others-

** Stanmiihus decern antheriferis.
Pedunculis hijloris. %.

GERjlNlUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis fubpeltatis
quinquelobis incifo-ferratis, caule credo, petalis

emarginatis.

368 MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

emarglnatis. Sp. pi. 954. (Ger. em. 942. /. 2.
Oed. Dan. t. 124. opt.)

Mountain Crane's-bill. Anglis.

By the fides of rivers in rocky and fhady places
frequent, both in the highlands and lowlands.
If. VI. N\\.

The flalk is ercd, from twelve to eighteen inches
high : the leaves are hairy and wrinkled : the pa-
nicle dichotomous : the calyces hairy and bearded:
the petals large, purple, ftreaked with deeper
veins, and heart-fhap'd.

The flowers are ufed by the Icelanders to dye a vio-
let color.

G. pedunculis b'floris, foliis fubpeltatis, multipar-

titis, rugofis, acutis ; pctalis integris. Syjt nat.

455. Sp. pi. 954. (Ger. em. 942./. i- Moris, hijl.

f. 5. /. IS. /. 14. Pet. herb. t. 65. f> 7. Hort.

Aickjlett. vern. ord. I. t. 8)
Crowfoot Crane's-bill. Anglis.
In padures and thickets not uncommon, as at Tay-

uouth hermitage, and about the cafcades at Mo-

nefs, and in the paftures of Loch-R.annoch, and

many other places. %. VII.

The ftalk is a cubit high, ftriated, gouty at the
joints, and branched : the leaves are hairy, and
deeply divided into live, and fometimes leven
lobes, which lobes are laciniated, and thefe laci-'
72/> arc again Hiarply indented : the calyces are

hairy.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 369

hairy and terminated with a beard : the Petals
are blue, ftreaked with red veins, not emar-
ginated, but obtufe and entire at the top : the
Jlyle is longer than ihtjia?nina.
It is reckon'd a vulnerary, but is out of ufe.

**'^ Staminibns to anther if eris,
Vedtinculis hifiorh. O .

GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, calvcibus pilofis
decemangulatis. S'p. pi 955. {Ger em. 9^9. M^?-
ris. hifi. f. 5. /. 15. /, II. Fet. herb, t. (^S-f- 5-
Blackwell t. 480)

Herb Robert. Anglis,

Upon rocks and ftoney places. S . V. VI.

The whole plant is often of a reddifh color, cover'q
with white hairs, and fmells like a g-oat : the
leaves are doubly pinnated, the exterior pinna
running together at the bafe, and the fegmencs
terminated with a red Jpinu la, or Iharp hair: the
calyx is hairy, bearded, ano ftreaked with ten
prominent lines, the firll and third leaf having
three of thefe lines, the fecond and tik;i '^ne only,
and the fourth two • the petals are roundilh and
entire at the top, of a red color, with white veins.
It vanes fometimes with a white flower, but verjr
rarely.

It is reckoned aftringent and vulnerary, but is fel-
dcm ufed in medicine.

Ic is laid that the fmell of the bruifed herb wiU
drive away bugs.

B b Aa

370 MONADELPHTA DECANDRIA.

An infufion of it is given bv the Swedifj herdfrnen
to cure cattle that make bloody water.

liicidum 6,

GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, calycibus pyra-
inidatis, angulatis, elevato-rugofis, foliis quin-
quelobis rotundatis. Sp, pL 955. (Moris hijl.f.
5. /. 15./. 6. Vet. herb. t. 6^^. f. 12. Column. Ec-
'phras. I. p. 158. ic. 137. G^d. Dan. t. 21S'. op.)

Shining Crane's-bill. Anglis.

Upon rocks in lliady places, as on the fouth-weft
fide of the rocks under Arthiir'% feat at Edin-
burgh, occ. O. VI. VJI.

The root and radical leaves are red, and ofrentimes
the whole plant : the leaves are commonly fmooth
and fhining, divided into five obtule lobes, each
of v^/hich has three or five unequal ferratures :
The ilalks are near a foot high, and diffulely
branched : the calyces are ovally conical, angular,
and tranfverfly wrinkled : the petals red and'
emarginated.

G. pedunculis bifloris, foliifque floralibus akernis
petalis bifidis, calycibus muticis, caulc ereftiuC
culo. Lin, fyfi. nat. 455. Sp. pi. 955. (Ger. em
938. Pet. herb. t. 6^. f. 1, Vaill. Paris, t. is-f- 3
bona.^

Common Dovesfoot Crane's-bill. Jnglis.

In paftures and by way-fides frequent. G. VI.

The whole plant is h^iiry and foft to the touch : th
leaves in circumference are roundifli or kidne)

ihnp'(

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 371

iliap'd, divided half way down to the rib into
five or {even lobes, which are cbtufely trifid :
the calyces are ciliated, and have a very Ihort
beard : the peials are heart-fhap'd, deeply emar-
ginated, and of a red or purple color : the pe-
duncles hang downwards : the Jiipu/^ are ferru-
ginous, av/l-iliap'd and bifid, two at the bafe of
each leaf.

GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis quinque-
partito-tritidis, petaiis emarginatis, longitudine
calycis, arillis villofis. Sp.pl. gi^6. {Pet.hdrb. /.
64./. 7. Vaill. Paris, t. 15./. 2. bcna.)

Jagged-leav'd Dovesfoot Crane's-bill. Anvils.

In meadov/s, but not common. By the bridge in
the meadows a: Edinburgh. Dr. Varjor.s. O. VI.
Yll.

The flalk is a foot high, ere6l, branched, gouty,
and red at the joints : the leaves are hard and
firfn, divided deeply into five lobes, which are
again cut into three or four acute /^ja;;/^ : the
ftipiiU are red : the leaves of the calyx are h.airy,
and terminated each with a red obtufe beard :
i\\e petals are flelli-cclor'd : the pifiil hairy, the
anther cc blue : the arilhis^ or exterior coat of the
feed hairy.

cchun'jii.v.m G. pedunculis bifloris folio longidribus, foliis quin-

9, quepartito-multifidis, laciniis acutis, arillis gla-

Irls, calyciLus ariftaiis- Sp. pi 956. {Mcris. hifi.

B b 2 /. n.

372 MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

/. 5. /. i^.f. 3. Pet. herb. t. 6js,.f. 8. Vaillant.
paris. t. 15./. 4. bona,)

Long-ftalked Dovesfoot Crane's-bill. Anglis.

In dry mountainous places, but not common. I
obferved it on a dry rocky place in the road go-
ing from GlafgGW to Dumbarton. O. VI. VIT.

The ftalk is decumbent, ten or twelve inches long,
branched, and knotty at the joints : the leaves
are firm and (lightly hairy underneath : the mar-
gins of the lacmia reflex'd : thtjlipul^ are linear
and redd i ill : the peduncles three inches long:
the calyx large, almofl fmooth, the leaved of it
concave, owing to their margins being reflexed,
and terminated with a long beard, having a red
glandule at the apex : the flowers are purple, the
petals emarginated with a prominent dent be-
tween :the coat of the feed fmooth.

**** Staminibus 10 antheriferis.

Fedunculis iinifwris.

fanyuimum GERANIUM pedunculis unifloris, foliis quinque-
^Q* partitis trifidis orbiculatis. Sp.pl. 958. {Ger. em.

945./. 2.)
Bloody Crane's-bill. Anglis.
Upon rocks and fandy grounds near the fea in many
places, as about Arthur's feat at Edinburgh., and
in the ifland of Jona abundantly, &c, %. VIL
The root is thick and woody : the ftalk and leaves
arc a little hairy, the firft a foot or more high :

the

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 373

the peduncle is long, and bears a fingle, large
and fpecious purple flower : the petals are
roundifh at the point, and widely expanded:
the caljx is hairy, and bearded with herbaceous

The plant is reckoned aflringent and vulnerary,

but is rarely ufed.
It is often introduced into gardens as an ornament.

POLYANDRIA.
ALTH^A. Ge72.pL 839.
C^/. duplex; exterior g-fidus. ^r/.7i pluriml, mo-
nofpermi.
^cinalis i^ ALTH^A foliis fimpiicibus tomentofis. Sp. pi.
g66. {Ger. em. (^n. f. i. Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 19.
/ 12. Blackwell t, 290. CEd. Dan. t. 530.)
Marflimallow. Anglis,

It is now and then found in wade places nearhoufes,
but is probably only the outcaft of gardens. %,
Vlll.
The ftalk is ere^V, five feet high, and but little
branched : the leaves are of a heart-lhap'd lan-
ceolate figure, divided very obfcurely into three
lobes, ferrated on the edges, and loft as velvet :
the flowers arife from the cds of the leaves, al-
moft feflile, and are whitifli or flefh-color'd : the
petals are live, and emarginated.
The root and leaves have a mucilaginous quality,
and are ofien ufed in a fyrup or decodtion as a
B b 3 balfamic

374 MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

Dalflimic pedoral for couglis and hoarfenefles.
It ]s found alio to be ferviceable in nephritic
complaints, and the ftrangufry ; and is ufed in
cataplafms and fomentations againft fvvellings..
The root will turn water to a jelly.

LAVATERA. Gen. pi. 842.
C^I. duplex, exterior trifidu.s. y^riili pkirimi, mo-
nofpcrmi.
arhcrea r. LAVATERA caule arboreo, foliis feptemangula-

ribus tomentofis plicatis, peduncuiis confertis

unifioris axillaribus. Ep. pi. 972, (Figuram fiden-

dam lion invenio%)
Sea Tree-mallow. AugUs.
On rocT<s upon the fea coaft, as in Inch-Gnrvey and

Mykric-hicl\ in the Firth of Forth, and in Bajje

ifiand. Sil'hald. $ . VII.
The ftalk is ere6l, branched, and three or four feet

high, firm and ftrong : the flowers are red, ftreak'd

with veins of a deeper color. It is often brought

into p-ardens for ornament.

o

MALVA. Gen. pi. S41. .
Gal. duplex, exterior 3-phyllus. Jrilli plurimi, mo-
no fperm.i.
roitindifclia MALVA caule proftrato, foliis cordato orbiculatis
^ oblblete quinquelobatis, peduncuiis fructiferis

declinatis. Lin. fijl. 7iat. 460. Sp. pi. 969. (Ger.
em. 930./. 2. Moris, hifr. f. 5. /. ly.f. 7.}

Dwnrf

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 375

Dwarf-mallow. Angles.

In waJle places and by way-fides near towns and
villages. O . Vir. VIII.

Befides what is imply'd in the fpecific difference,
the leaves are crenated : the peduncles are about
an inch long, bearing generally a fingle flower,
but fometimes two or three : the petals are com-
monly white, fhreaked with red veins : the ieg-
ments of the interior calyx are denticulated ; the
leaves of the exterior are narrow and linear : the
jlyles are thirteen or fourteen, hairy on one fide.

(ylvejiris i, M. caule erefto herbaceo, foliis feptemlobatis acu-
tis, pedunculis petiolifque pilofis. Sp. -pi. <^(>()*
(Ger. em. 930./. i. Moris, hijt. f. v. t. ij. f' S.
Blackivell /. 22)

Common Mallow. Anglis.

In wafte places and by way- fides. $ . Vl-Vlll.

l^he ftalk is a yard high, or more, and branched :
the leaves are ferrated : the flowers grow in cluf-
ters from the al<e of the leaves, one on a pedun-
cle : the petals are widely expanded, and deeply
emarginated, of a purple color, with deeper
veins : the calyces are hairy : the capfuUs from
ten to fifteen.

The whole plant is mucilaginous and emollient •, a
decodion of it, or an infufion of the flowers is
recommended as a^pcdoral, and good for the
flone and gravel, and other complaints in the
urinary paflages j it is Ukewife given in clyfters in

:'j6 MONADELFHIA POLYANDRIA.

the dyfcntery, tenefmus, and gonorrhea, and is
ufed by way of cataplalm in inflammations : the
ancients fed upon a fpecies of mallow, tho' pro-
bably not this kind, as we learn from Horace:

pafcunt olivse,

Me Cichorea, le-uefq ; mal-va. Lib. I. Ode, xxx.

mofchata 3. MAL\ A caule eredo, foliis radicalibus reniformi-
bus jncifis i cauhnis quinquepartitis pinnato-mul-
tiiid.s. Ljn. />-/?. nat. 461. Sp.pl. 971. {Column,
ecph. I. p. 148. /. 147. Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 18./.

4.)

Jagged-leav'd Mallow, or Mufl<- mallow. Jnglis.

in Hieadows and pafture?, bui not very common.
We obferved it about Duplin^ near Ferlb, &c.
S.YllL

The ftalk is a cubit high, branched and hairy ; the
hairs errcft, and arifing each fmgle one from a
prominent doc or tubercle : the radical leaves are
obfcurely divided into five lobes, and ferrated on
the edges : thofe on the ftalk have their lobes
divided to the bafe, which lobes are pinnatlfid,
and thefe pinnul<:e again fliaiply ferrated : the
flowers are flefh-color'd, have a mufky fmell,
and grow in clufters at the tops of the branches,
one on a peduncle : the capiules are hairy, and
about fifteen in a circle round the receptacle.

CLASSIS

D I A D E L P H I A, 377

C L A S S I S XVII.
D I A D E L P H I A.

H E X A N D R I A.

FUMARIA. Cal 2-phyllus. Cor. ringcns, bafi
gibbofa ned:arifera. Filamenta antlieris -2,.

O C T A N D R I A.
POLYGALxA. Cat. 2-lacinia2 aljeformes. Cor.vex-
illum cylindricum. Stamina connexa. Caps, obcor-
data, 2-locularis.

DECANDRIA.

* Stamina omnia connexa.
SPARTIUM. Filamenta adhsrentia germini. Stig^
ma adnatum, villofum.

GENISTA. Pijiillum deprimens carinam. Stigma

involutum.
ANTHYLLIS. CaL turgidus, includens filiquam.
ULEX. Cal. 2-phyllus. Legum. vix calyce longius.
ONONIS. Legumen rhombeum, ieffile. Vexillum

Itriatum.

** Stigma puhefcens (ncc priorum notie)
OROBUS. 6^o7«j linearis, teretiufculus, fupra vil-
lofus.

LATHYRUS.

37^ D I A D E L P H I A.

LATHYRUS, Stylus fupra planus villolufque.
VICIA. Stylus llib ftigmate barbatus.

*** Legumen fuhhiloculare (nee priorum)
ASTRAGALUS. Legumen biloculare rotundatum.

%%<i% l^ggiijjiina mcnofperma fnec pr'.orum)
TRI FOLIUM. Legum. vix calyce longius, is.
2-fpermum, Flsres capitati.

***** Legumen Juheirticulcttum.
CRNITHOPU5. Legumen articulatum, arcuatum.
NIEDICAGO. Legumen fpirale, membranaceo-com-
preffum. Pifiilum carinam defledlens.

****** Legumen umlcculare polyfpermum (nee priorum)
LRVUM. Cal quinquepartit'js, fubsequalis, longi-

ludine fere Corollce. Stigma capitatum, imberbe.
LOTUS. Legumen teres, fardum feminibus cylin-

dricis.

Obferv.

PINNATA^ abfqve impari. OROBUS, LATHY-
RUS, ViCiA, ERVUM.

PINNAT.^E cum imparl. ASTRAGALUS, OR-
NITHOPUS perpifWlus.

'] RIFOLIAT^. TRIFOLIUM, LOTUS, ME-
DICAGO, GENISTA, ONONIS.

UMBELLAT.E. LOTUS, ORKITHOPU5.

CLASSIS.

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. 379

C L A S S I S XVIL
DIADELPHIA.

H E X A N D R I A.

FUMARIA. Gen. pi. 849.

Cal diphyllus. Cor., ringens. Filamenta 2, niem-
branacea, fingula arakeris 3.

FUMARIA pericarpiis monofpermis racemofis,
caulc difFufo. Sp. pt. 984. (Ger. an. 1088. /. i.
Riz'in. ietrap. irreg. t. I. Miller, ic. pi. i'^6. f. 2.
Blackwell L 237 j

Common, or officinal Fumitory, yfnglis.

In corn fields and gardens frequent. G. V. VI.

The ftalks are eight or nine inches high, numerous,
weak, angular, ilicculent, intricately branch'd,
and arife from a fibrous root : the leaves are
glaucous, and doubly pinnated, the pinnuU di-
vided into three lobes, which are bifid and trifid :
the flowers are purple, and grow in thick fpikes :
the calyx is dentated : the end of the aU, and
and fides of the 'vexillum are of a dark purple,
but the middle of the vexillum in the fore part
is greenifh : at the bafe is a thick nectariferous
fcale, ending in a blunt curved fpur: the peri-
carpium is globular.

The

3^0 DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.

The plant has a bitter tafte, and is ufed in medi-
cine as a great purifier'of the blood, in the ca-
chexy, hypochondria, and Icurvy. The great
Bceyhave frequently nrefcribed it in the black
jaundice and bilious cholicks : a drachm of the
cxtracl or inrpiffatcd juice is the common dofe.

capreolatai F. pericarpiis moncfpermis racemofis, foliis fcan-
dentibus fubcirrhofis. Sp. pi. 9S5. {Fig. ncn. in-
venio.)

Ramping Fumitory. Anglis.

About Kedhail, four miles from Edinburgh, and
amongiL the rocks by the Tea fide* going from
Corry to Brodic, in the ifle o'i Jrran. O. VJI.

Sonie authors have confidered this only as a variety
of the former fpecies, and indeed it dilTers but
little from it. It is generally a much taller plant,
and has larger flowers, hut the principal dirtinc-
tion confiils in the footftalks of the partial leaves,
v.'Iiich are curved, and act the part of tendrils
by clafping about, and climbing up the neigh-
boring plants.

dovicuJata FUMARIA filiquis linearlbus, foliis cJrrhiferis.

.-<. i/). fJ. <)85. {Ger. em. ic88. /. 2. Moris, hiji.f.

^. /. 12./, 3. G^d. Dan t. 340. optima.)

Climbincr yellow Fumitory. jir-gHs.

Upon rocks and (loney places, and Ibmetimes upon

tharch'd houfen. In rhe quarries at Inner-Keith^

&c. o. vii. vni.

The

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. 381

The (lalks are weak, and unable to llipport them-
felves without climbing : the leaves are pinnated,
the pinna grow alternate upon footftalks, and
are compounded of two, three, four or five el-
liptical acuxe foliola : the compound leaf is ter-
minated with a dichotomous tendril : the flowers
are ftraw-color'd, and grow in fnort fpikes : the
filiqua are Ihort and linear, and contain about
three feeds.

O C T A N D R I A.

FOLYGALA. Gen. pL 851.

Cal. 5-phyllus, foliolis duobus alccformibus, colo-
ratis. Legumen obcordatiim, biloculare.

FOLYGALA fioribus criliatis racemofis, caulibus
herbaceis fimplicibus procumbentibus, foliis li-
neari-lanceolatis. S'p. pL q86. (Ger. em. ^6^. f.
2 J 3, 4. ^ 5^4- /• 5- ^^"■^^- P^^is. t. 32. /. I.
bon. Oed. Dtin. t. 516. opt.)

Milkwort. AngUs.

In heaths and dry paflures very common, if-. V[.

'1 he ftalks are about five or fix inches long, feveral
arifing from the fame root : the leaves are firm,-.
fmooth, entire, and grow alternate upon the
ftalks, which are terminated with fpikes of
flowers moft commonly blue, but often red, or
white : the calyx confiils of five leaves, three of
which are fmali and green, tv/o below and one
above the Corolla i the other two interniediate

ones

382 DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.

ones are large, oval, flat, color'd, vein'd, and
refemble petals, which at length turn greenifli,
and remain a defence to the leed-veffel : the Co-
rolla confifts of three petals, folded together,
and forming a tube : the carina is terminated
with a kind of heart-fliap'd concave appendage,
fringed at the extremity.
It has a bitter tafte, and has been found to poiTefs

much the fame virtues as the POLYGALA ^e- \
. mga^ from America. It purges without danger.
It is alfo emetic and diuretic, and fometimes i
acts in the three different ways together. A
fpoonful of the decodlion, made by boiling an
ounce of the herb in a pint of water till halt is
exhaled, has been found ffrviceable in pleurifies
and fevers, by promoting a diaphorefis and ex- ;
peroration ; and three fpoonfuls of the fame '
taken once an hour, has proved beneficial in the
dropfy and anajarca. It has alfo been found fuc- '
cefsful in pthificky complaints. '

DECANDRIA.

SPARTIUM. Gen.fl t^c,'^:
Siigma longitudinale, fupra villofum. Filamenta

germini adha^rentia. Cal. deorfum produftus.
SPARTIUM foliis ternatis folitariilque, ranjis iner-

mibus angulatis. S,p. pL 996. (Ger. em. 1311./.

I. Rivin. t. 6^. Black-ivell I. 144. Ocd. Dan. t. 313.

Common

f col) avium ^

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 383

Common Broom. Anglu.

Bealaidh, GnuHs.

In dry foils not unfrequent. In Rojlin woods. Dr.
Parjons, \. VI. VIL

The lower leaves of this Ihrub are hairy and ter-
natej the upper ones fingle : the flowers are yel-
low, and grow in th.n fpikes, intermixed with
leaves, one on a peduncle.

It has a bitter tafte and diuretic quality. A Ihi-
vium made of the aflies, or a decoction of the
plant, {lands recommended for the dropfy. The
flowers and feeds, from tv/o drachms to half an
ounce, are a fl:rong vomit. Its ceconomical ufes
are various.

The flower-buds are in fome countries pickled and
eaten as capers, and the feeds have been made a
bad fubflitute for coltee. The tv*igs and branches
are ufed for making of brooms, and for tanning
of leather, in which intention they are not infe-
rior to oak-bark : they are alio ufed inflead of
thatch to cover houfes : the old wood furniflies
the cabinet-m.aker with moft beautiful materials
for vaneering : the tender branches are in fome
places mixed with hops for brewing; and the
macerated bark is found capable of being ma-
tt ufadu red into cloth.

GENISTA. Gen. pi Ss9-
Cat. bilabiarus, 2-3. Vexillum oblongum, a pidillo
ilaminibufque deorfum reflcxum.

*'•■ Licrnus.

384 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

* Inermes.

tin^oria i. GENISTA foliis lanceolatis glabris, ramis ftriatis
teretibus eredis. Sp. pi. 998. (Ger. em. 1316. /.
I. Rivin. t. 6j. Oed. Dan. t. 526. cpt.)

Dyer's-weed, or Wood-waxen. Jnglis.

On dry gravelly hilis, and by the fides of rivers in
the low-lands frequent. T? . VII.

From the fame root arife many angular, tough
ftalks, a cubit high, which are terminated vith
fliort fpikes or clu iters of yellow feffile papilio-
naceous flowers : the leaves are numerous on the
ftalks, elliptical, acute, fefTile and fmooth, ex-
cept the edges and nerve on the under fide,
which are often downy.

This plant is well known to dye yarn and cloth
with a bright yellow color.

A fait prepared from the aflies of it is by fome
much recommended in the dropfy.

** Spinoff.

wgJica 2. G. fpinis fimplicibus, ramis floriferis inermibus,
foliis lanceolatis. 8p.pl. 999. {Ger. em. 1^20. J\
4.)
Needle-Furze, or Petty-Whin. Anglis.
In heathy and moorifh grounds, as a mile above
Diinkeid^ growing amongft the arbutus uva urfi^
and pyrola rctimdifolia., and in many other place;;
not unfrequent.' T? . VI.

The

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. S^S'

The ftalks generally recline on the ground^ and are
tough and woody : the leaves are linall, ellipti-
cal and acute : the flowers yellow, and grow i;i
thin fpikes.

ULEX. Gen.pL Ux.
Cal. 2-phyilu.s. hegumen vix calyce longius.

ULEX foliis villofis acutis, fpinis^lparfis, Sp. /'/.
1045. {Ger. cm. i^^^.f. 1)

Furze, Whins, or Gorfe. Angiis,

In the low lands frequent, but not To common in
the highlands, b . VI. & IX.

The leaves are narrow and lanceolate, and grow
fingly under the fpires : the branches are fi.ri.ueJ,
the fpines compound, the flowers yellow.

There is a variety of this much more dwarfllli, and
fn-.aller in all its parts, (v. C7Vr» em. 1321./. 6}

In Rj^Iand fences are frequently mads of this plant
by fowing the feeds.

Horfes^ flieep, and other cattle are very fond of it,
but as the fpines annoy them, and prevent the^ir
feeding on it, the hufbandmen in many parts c{
Wales bruife tlie tender branches, or grind tlicm
in mills for that purpofe, by 'vhich means they
become an excellent todder.

0>ONIS. Ge^n.pL 86j.
CaK 5-partitus-, Ir.ciniis linearibus. Vcmlmr. ftria-
tum. Legiin:en turg'.dum, fealle. F/iamcn/a con-
nata abfque niTura.

C c ONONIS

3S6 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

arvmfni, ONONIS floribus racemofis geminatis, foliis ter-
natis, fuperioribus folitariis, ramis inermibus fub-
villofis. Lin. (yji, nat. 478. S^, pi. 1006. (Qcr.
cm. 1322./. 3?)
Reftharrow or Cammock. Anglis.
In barren paftures, but not very common. On the
fea coafl near Leith. Dr. Parfons. % . VII. VIII.
The ftalks recline towards the ground, are tough
and branched, and have a red hairy bark : the
leaves are ferrated, vifcous and foetid, their foot-
flalks broad and foliaceous : the flowers are red,
and grow from the al^ of the branches, each on
its own fliort footftalk, either fingle or in pairs,
but towards the fummits of the branches they
form a foliaceous fpike : the Calyx is hairy, in- j
curv'd, and tubular, the upper fegmcnts nearly ;
flrait, and feparated by a kind of fifllire : the ■
lower one is longer than the reft : the pod is
iliort, rhomboidal, and contains about three kid-
ney-ihap'd feeds.
jpnoja. f,< ^g ^j^l^ plant grows old the branches are all ter-
minated with a fliarp woody fpinc, which many
authors have defcribed as a diftind fpecies. (vid. ,
Ger. em. 1322./. i. Rlvin.t. 69. hlachjjell tA\
302.;
Prickly Reftharrow, or Cammock. Anglis.
It grows upon the fides of the hills by Didijlon-
Lod\ near Edinburgh, &c. Dr. Parfons. if . VII.
VIII.
As this plant abounds in the Holy-Land., Hafelquifi

(in

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 387

(in his voyage thither, p. 289) fuppofes, with
great probability, that this is the thorn men-
tioned in the fcripture which the ground pro-
duced after the curfe. (Gen. ch. 3. ^'. 18.J
The root and bark have a diuretic quality, and are
recommended in the gravel, and in fuppreffions
of urine, both for man and beaft,

ONONIS caulibus diffufis, ramis ereftis, foliis fu-
perioribus folitariis, flipulis ovatis. Sp. pL 1006.
{Dillen. Eitham. t. 25./. 28. j

Creeping Reftharrow. AngUs.

Upon the fea fhore in fandy foils frequent. %,
VII. VIIJ.

The ftalks of this kind lie flat upon the ground,
and the flowers are produced fingle from the da
of the branches : in other refpeds it differs not
from the preceding, and we are inclin'd to be-
lieve it only a variety, as we have fometimes ob-
ferv'd it, like that, to acquire fpines.

ANTHYLLIS. Gen. pi 864.
CaU ventricofus. Legumen fubrotundum calyce

tectum.
ANTHYLLIS herbacea, foliis pinnatis in^quali-
bus, capitulo duplicate. Sp. pi. 1012. (Ger. em.
1240./. 1. Kivin, t. 18. &: varietas ^]\Jis flcre cec-
cineo Dillen. Elth. t. '^2o.f.f, 413.)
Kidney-Vetch, or Lady's-Finger. Anglis.
In dry paftures not unfrequent, as upon the hills
in the king's park at Edinhurghy &c. %, VIT.

€ c 2 Manf -

38 B DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Many unbranched ftalks arife from the fame root,
lo or 12 inches high : the leaves are downy; the
radical ones for the moft part fimple, and either
lanceolate or obtuiely elliptical, with long foot-
ftalks, to which a fpurious pimja is fometimes
annexed : the ftalk-leaves are compound, having
three or four pairs of oval-lanceolate ^;«;7^, the
fmalleft at the bafe of the rib, with an odd ob-
tufe oval and larger one at the end : the upper
leaves have five or fix pair of pinn^^ which are
all equal : the two Bra^ea\ or floral leaves, are,
either digitate or trifid, their fegments lanceo-
late : the flowers are commonly yellow, but are
fometimes feen red, or whitifii •, they grow in 2
double head or duller at the top of the fl:alks :
the calyx is hairy and inflated : the carina ov keel
of the flower is reddifh at the apex : the anther a.
fl:and on fine pedicles : the pod is likev/ife fi.ip-
portcd by a Ihort pedicle, and contains one ktd.

I'he plant is fuppofed to have an aftringent quality;
and is fcarcely ever eaten by cattle.

OROBUS. Gen.pJ. 871.
Stylus linearis. Cal. bafi obtufus, laciniis fuperiori-
bus profundioribus, brevloribus.
tHlevofusi. OROBUS foliis pinnatis lanceolatis, fl:ipulis feml-
fagittatis integeriimis, caule fimplici. Sp>. pi
1028. {Ger. m. 1237./. 2- Moris, hift. f. 2./
21./. '2^: ordinis inedii ad dextram. Thai, hare- 7
/. I. Rivin. t. 59. Sihbald. Scot, illiiji. p. n./. i
Lqcs, PruJ/'. 138. /. 37. h?}a.)

Wood

DTADELPHrA DECANDRIA. S^

Wood-Peafe, or Heath-Pcafe. AngUs,

Corr, Cor-mcille. Gatilis.

In mountainous paftures and woods very frequent,
both in the highlands and lowlands. "Ji . VI.

The root confifts of tough fibres, fwelling here and
there into irregular tubercles, each of which pro-
duces a ftalk about a foot high, having foliaceous
or winged angles, and branched only a little at
the top : the leaves grow alternate upon the ftalk,
about three or four in number, each confifting
of two or three pair of imooth. pinnce, the lower-
moft oval, the uppermoft acutely elliptical, hav-
ing no odd one at the end, but the rib to which
they are annexed is terminated with a point or
beard : the flowers are of a purple color, verg-
ing to blue, and grow from two to five in a thin
fpike, upon naked peduncles, arifing from the
aU of the leaves near the top of the ftalk : the
Vexilhm^ or upper petal of the flower is large,
oval and vein'd •, the margins reflex'd and ele-
vated : the pod is above an inch long, cylindri-
cal, a little curved at the end, and contains from
four to nine feeds,

The highlanders have a great eftecm for the tuber-
cles of the roots of this plant •, they dry and
chew them in general to give a better relifli to
their liquor j they alfo affirm them to be good
againft moft diforders of the thorax, and that by
the ufe of them they are enabled to repel hunger
and thirft for a long time. In Breadalhane and
Rofsjhire they fometimes bruife and ftecp them in
C c 3 water.

390 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

water, and make an agreeable fermented liquor
with them. Tlicy have a fweet tafle, fomething
like the roots of liquorice, and when boiled, we
are told, are well flavour'd and nutritive, and in
times of fcarcity have ferv'd as a fubflitute for
bread.

fylvaticus 2 OROBUS caulibus decumbentibus hlrfutis ramofis.
Lin. Jyft. vat. 485. Sp.pl. 1029. (A£f. Farts. 1706.
p. 87. /. 90. ^fig. nojl.)

Wood-Vetch, or Bitter- Vetch. Anglis.

Upon dry rocky places, and the banks of rivers,
but rare. We obferved it upon the bank of the
Clyde.^ near Lanerk^ betv/een the two famous falls
of Corry's-Lyn and Bonnatyn^ and in the ifland
of Rumt on the bank of a rivulet running dowri
a mountain c^iW^d Baikevall. %. VII.

Many hairy reclining angular ftalks, about a foot
high, arife from the fame r6ot, and, as far as wc
obferved, unbranched : the leaves grow alter-
nate, ten or tv/elve w^on a flalk ; they are pin-j
nated, and generally hairy ^ the number of />/»»if I
are from feven to eleven pairs, of an oval acute r
form, ftanding on fliort pedicles on a hairy rib,!
which is not terminated with an odd pinna, but a/
fmall point or beard: the JiipuU grow in pairs,jf
fliaped each like half the perpendicular fe(51;ion'
of the barb of an arrow : the flowers grow ten
or twelve together, in a clofe fpike or clufler,
all leaning the fame way, upon a hairy pedun-
cle as long as the leaf, and arifing from the air*

r/^r

r^U,i ./^/7rr//yr//.f .T.,m>-

\r^.

^ „ /S^/.vy/ *iv/^;

DIAdELPHIA DECANDRIA. 391

of it : the flowers are while, flriated with purple
veins ; the apex of the carina is a bright purple :
the calyx is hairy and rcddifh : the pods are hardly
an inch long, comprelTed and fmooth, and con-
tain about three feeds.
TJie whole plant has a difagreeable bitter tafle.

LATHYRUS. Gen. pL 872.

Stylus planus, fupra villofus, fuperne latior. Cal,
lacinias fuperiores 2 brevioics.

LATHYRUS ptdunculis multifioris, cirrhis di-
phylljis fimplicifTimis, foliolis lanceolatis. Sp. pi.
1033. {Ger. em. 1231./. 6. Rivin. t. 43 Bauh.
hijt. 2. p. 304. /. 304. Moris, hijt. f. 2. t.2.f.
2. Qed. Dan. t. 527. opt.)

Yellow Vetchling, l\'ire-everlafting. Anglis.

In meadows and paftures, where the foil is moift,
both in the highlands and lo^vlands. "y-. N\\,
VIII.

The ftalks are branched, quadrangular, a cubit
long or more, weak, and unable to fupport them-
ieives : the tendrils are generally fingle, but often
trifid, fubtended by one pair of oval-lanceolate
pinn^., which have three nerves, and are moll
commonly a little downy : xh^fiipuU are haftate,
and as large as the pinnae : the floral flialk is axil-
lary, and bears a fpike of eight or ten yellow
flowers : the pods are iliort, broadiih, and a lit-
tie curv'd : the feeds round and yellowifli.

It

qgz DIADELPHIA DECANDIllA.

Ic is an excellent fodder, and^ibme foils would pro*

bably reward the hulbandman's cultivation.
The badger is faid to feed upon it.

fih-e/Iris 2. I,, pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis, foliolis
enfiformibus, internodiis membranaceis. Sp. pi.
103:^, {RJvin. /. 39. Moris, hiji. f. i.t. 2. /. 4.
bona. Oed. Ban. t. 325. optima.)

Narrow-leav'd Pcafe-everlaftino-. ^mlis.

In dry rough flirubby places, and by wood-fides,
but rare. SibhJd. %. VII. VIIT.

The ftalk is a yard high, wing'd with two membra-
nous angles, diffufely branched, weak and climb-
ing : the leaves are long and lanceolate, have
three nerves on the under fide, and the rib to
which they grow is wing'd : the tendrils are tri-
fid and branched, often trichotomous : the 7?/-
ptiU are narrow and llibulate at both ends, their
lower points prefiing the ftalk : the floral pedun-
cle is five or fix inches long, bearing a fpike of
four to eight flowers : the vc^illmn is of a rofy
purple color, reticulated with deeper veins : the
/z/^ or fide-petals are of a blueifli purple : the
carina, or keel-petal at the bottom of .the flower
is of a pale green : the pod is narrow, cylindri-
cal, and two inches long.

pc-Ju/^ris 3.

LATHY RUS pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis poly-
phyllis, llipulis lanceolatis. Sp. pi. 1034. {Pluk.
Jim. t. 71. /. 2. Oed. Van. t. 399. opt.)

Marfli Chichling Vetch, Marfh Lcthynis. Jnglis.

By

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. ^93

By the fides of lakes, and in marfliy or boggy

grounds, but rare. %. VIL VIlI.
The (talk Is two feet high, wing'd with two mem-
branes, weak and branched towards the top : the
leaves arc of an elliptic-lanceolate form, gene-
rally three pair upon a rib : the tendrils are tri-
fid : the JfipuU are broad, fcmi-elliptical, acute
at both ends, and dcntated externally below the
middle : the Bra5fec£ are fmall and lanceolate :
the peduncles are three inches long, and produce
about fix or eight purple flowers, with veined
petals : the pods are fmooth and a little com-
prefs'd.

VICIA. Gen. pi. 873.
Stigma latere inferiore tranfverfe barbatum.
* Peduncidis elongatis.
VICIA pedunculis multifloris, foiiolis ovalibus, fti-
pulis denticulatis. Sp, pi 1035. (Pkk. Jim. t.
71,/. I. Haller. hiji.jiirp. Hehet, v. i. n. 426. t.
17.. p. iji. fig. ad dextrmu; fed fol. -rnmis aciitis.
Oed. Dan. t. 277. opt.)
Tufted Wood- Vetch. Anglh.
in fhrubby places at the foot of mountains and
rocks, but not common, as under SaliJ'hu?y-C}'aigSy
and at Carlland rocks, near La?ierk, &c. %. VII.
VIII.
The ftalks of this elegant plant are angular,
branphed, weak and climbing, three or even fix
feet, and have numerous leaves : the fiipuU are

deeply

t94 DIADELPHIA DECANDKIA.

deeply and acutely denticulated, and the dents
bearded : the leaves have eight or ten pair of
oval pinn^ growing commonly alternate, the
middle nerve of each ^i/7;z^terminated in a point
or fpinule : the tendrils are bifid and greatly
curk'd : the floral ftalks arife from the nU of the
leaves, are four or five inches long, and bear a
fpike of i^ or 20 white pendulous flowers,
ilreakcd with blue veins : the carina or keel-pe-
tal is obtufe, and blue at the a-ptx : the pod is
fmooth, but little longer than the flower, and
contains from four to iix globular feeds.

crr.c-'x 2.

VICIA pedunculis multifloris, fl.oribus imbricatis,
foliolis lanceolatis pubefcentibus, flipulls inte-
gris. Sp. />/. 1035. {Rivin. i. 49. Parkins. 10-^2.
Moris, hijl.f. 2. /, 4./. i.fed fnale.)

Tufted Vetch. Anglis.

Peafair-luch na coille. GauHs,

In corn fields, psilures, and bufhy places frequent,
Of. VII. VIII.

The ilalk is tvv'o or three feet high, furrow'd, weak
and branched : the leaves are pinnated \vith 12
or more pairs of piun^e, of a narrow-elliptical
form, hairy, deflex'd, rather blunt at the end,
the nerve termina|ing in a fliort fpinule : the ten-
drils are great^^ branched and curled : the
flowers grov/ 30 or more in a long pendulous
fpike, all on the fame fide of the flalk, imbri-
cated dosvnvvards, fmall, but make an elegant

appearance.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 395

appearance, being of a violet-purple color, the
carina marked with two blue Ipots : the pod is
Ihort, tumid, broadifh, and contains eight or
ten black globular feeds.
It is reckoned to be a good fodder for cattle.

** Floribus a^dllaribus, Jejfilibus.

Jativa 3. VICIA leguminibus feffilibus fubbinatis erectis, fo-
liolis retufis, ftipulis notatis. Sp.pl. 1037, (Ger.
em. my. f. i. Rivin. t. §^, Moris, hiji.f. 1. 1. 4.
/. 12. Oed. Dan. t. 522.

Common Vetch, or Tare. AngHs.

In corn fields frequent. O. VI.

The whole plant is hairy : the flalk a foot high,
ftriated and weak : the leaves confiil commonly
of five or fix pairs of pinnae, which are either
heart-lhap'd, or obtufely lanceolate, or oval, or
linear, the nerve ending in a point : the tendrils
are trifid : xhcftiptila; dentated, and marked with
a dark red fpor, which looks as if it had been
burnt in : the flowers are of a blueifli red, or
purple color, growing two together from the aU
of the leaves, and oftentimes only one, on very
fhort peduncles: the dents of the calyx are all
ftrait, the under ones the longeil : the pod is
hairy when young, but grows liiioother by ao-e,
and contains from five to ten feeds, generally of
a pale green color, with black fpots, but in fome
varieties almoft black or white.

It is known to be an excellent fodder for horfes ; in

fome

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

fome parts of England the crop is plongh'd in to
anlwer the purpofes of manure to the land :
pigeons are very fond of the leeds, and in fome
parts of ^''j.'cden, &c. they enter into the com-
pofitipn of bread, either alone, or mixed with
the flour of rye. In England a dccodion of them
in water is fometimes given by nurfes to expel
the fmall-pox and meafles.

VICIA leguminibus fefnlibus folitariis ercdis gla-
bris ; foliolis fcnis, inferioribus obcordatis. Sp.
pi. 1037. {Ger. em. my. f. 4. Herm. par ad. t.
242. Rivin. tetr. 169. Ocd. Dan. t. 58 J

Strangle Tare, or wild Vetch. Anglis.

In dry paftures, and in gravelly and fandy foils
frequent, as in the king's park at Edinhirgh^ and
in Leith gravel pit, &c. Dr. Parfons. O. V.VI.

Several ilaiks, from three to fix inches long, arifc
from the fame root, and fpread upon the ground :
the lower leaves are pinnated with one or tv/o
pairs of heait-fliap'd pinna:, but the upper ones
moft commonly with three pairs of elliptical
acute ones : the JlipnU are acute at both ends,
hooked at the bale and entire on the fides ; the
tendrils generally fimple and unbranched : the
flowers are fmall and purple, often verging to
blue : the pod is fmooth, and contains from fix
to ten feeds : the llalk and leaves are downy :
we have fometimes obferved the feeds to alTume
a cubical fhape, which we confider only as a va-
riety

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 397

riety, tho' we lufpecl it has been miftaken for the
ERVUM folomerife of Unnaus.

feptum 5. y_ ]eguminibus pedicellatis fubquaternis ere6lis, fo-
liolis ovatis integerrimis, cxterioribns decrefcen-
tibus. Sp.fi. 1038. (Grr. em. iiiy.f. 2.)

Bufh-Vetch. Anglis.

In woods and fhady places not unfrequent. % . VI.

The ftalk is angular, fmooth, and two or three feet
high : the leaves have from five to eight pair of
pinnce, of an oval-obtufe form, eir.arginated,
nightly hairy, decreafing gradually in fize to-
wards the extremity, the nerve terminating in a
point : the JlipuU- are fmall, oval, acute, and
marked with a dark red fpot : the tendrils are
branched : the flowers grow from three to five
in a duller or fpikc, upon a very fliort peduncle:
the calyx is of a livid color, hairy, and ftriared :
the flower of a dull blue, reticulated with veins
of a deeper color : the pods are fliort, erect, and
contain five or fix globular fpotted feeds.

It is faid to be a good fodder for cattle.

ERVUM. Gen. pL 874.
Cal. 5-partitus, longitudine corollce. Stigma capi-
tatum, imberbe, obtufum.
ietrapoer- ERVUM pedunculis fubbifloris, feminibus globo-
mum I. fis quaternis. Sp.pl lo^g. (Moris, hijl. f. 2. t. 4,

/. 16. Rivin. t. 53. Oed. Dan. t. 95. opt.)
Little fmooth Tare. Anglis,

In

B9^ DIADELFHIA DECANDRIA.

In corn fields, but not very common, o. VI. VH.
The ftalk is two-edg'd, obfcurely quadrangular,
humble, weak and branched : the leaves have
from three to five pair of linear fpear-fhap'd
pinn^, growing generally alternate, but often
oppofite : the ftipuU are entire, and hooked at
the bafe : the tendrils bifid and branched : the pe-
duncles arife from the ale of the leaves, eredl,
very (lender, and generally bear two flowers, but
fometimes one only : the flower is very fmall, the
vexillum purple or blueifli, the aL^ white, the
apex of the carina blue : the pod is Imooth, fliort,
obtufe, and contains three or four tumid feeds.

E, pedunculis multifloris, feminibus globofis binis.
Sp. pL 1039. {Ger. em, 1028./. 5. Rivin. t. s^,J

Little hairy Tare. AngUs.

In corn fields frequent. O.VII.

The ftalk is a cubit high or more, weak, and
branched : the leaves have 10 or 12 pairs of
nearly linear pinn^^ growing alternate ; the
lower Jlipul<€ are dcntatcd, the upper ones en-
tire : the tendrils branched : the floral peduncles
are two inches long, and bear from three to five
fmall blueifli white flowers the apex of the carina
is blue : the pod is fliorr, broad, acuminated,
hairy, pendulous, and contains two black fpot-
ted leeds.

ORNITHOPUS.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. ,^g

ORNITHOPUS. Ga1.pf.SH4,
Legunun articulatum, teres, arcuatum.
perptiftllus ORNITHOPUS foliis pinnatis, leguminibus fub-
arcuatis. 8p. pL 1049. {Ger. e.ni. 1241. /. 3.
Moris, hijl. f. z. /. 10./. ij.)
Bird's-foot. Anglis.

In gravelly or Tandy grounds, but not common-
Mr. Stuart oblerved it about Comrie, a village
tour miles from Crieff m Stralh-Ernt. o. VL

vir.

The flalks are fix or eight inches high, and lie
proflrate upon the ground : the leaves have about
15 pair of very Imall, oval, fofr, hairy, and
nearly equal -pinrnf., with an odd one at the end :
the peduncles arife from the aU of the leaves,
and bear a kind of half-umbel, confining of
three or four fmall yellow fiowers, the vexuhm
tinged with red : the pods are Oightly hairy,
curved, jointed with fix or eight articulations,
and terminated with a claw, fo that altogcther
they not unaptly reprefent a bird's foot. Each
vjint contains a finglc feed.

ASTRAGALUS. Gen. pi 892.
Legumen biloculare, gib bum.
* Caulihus foliofis diffufts.
glycyphillos ASTRAGALUS caulefcens proftratus, legumini-
], bus fubtriquetris arcuatis, foliolis cvalibus pe-

dunculo longiorlbus. Sp. pi. 1067. {Ger. em.

400 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

i2^S' /• 2. Rivin. t. 103. Moris, hijl. f, 2. ;. o
/• 8J

Wild Liquorice, or Liquorice Vetch. AngUs.

In woods, but not common, as in Coryton woods,
five miles from Edinburgh. Dr. Parfons. %- VII,

The flalks are two feet long, branched and proftrate :
the leaves have four or five pair of oval pinn^^
v/ith an odd one at the end : tJie peduncles are
fliorter than the leaves, and arife from their ai^^
bearing a fhort fpike of about 12 pale yellow
flowers, fuccceded by eredl, turgid and curved
pods, having each two cells, containing eight
or ten l<:idncy- fliap'd feeds.

The leaves have a fweetiih taftc, mix'd with bitter-
nefs. An infufion of them has by Ibme been
recommended in iupprellions of urine, and for
the gravel.

arcnarius 2 ASTRAGALUS fubcaulefcens procumbensj flo- ■.
ribus fubracemofis eredtis, foliis tomentofis. b-p. \
fL 1C69. {Rnii. Synop. p. 326. /. 12./. 3. aim k-
gMninihus. bona.)

Purple Mountain Milkwort. Anglis.

On dry mountainous paftures, but not very com-
mon, as upon the hills in the king's park at
Edinburgh, upon the fands of Miijfelburgk, up-
on the hill of Mcncreif, near Perth, and in dry
ground near Tork-Cafcade, at the feat of the
Duke of y^//^^/'s, Rt Blair, &c. 1;. VII.

The (lalk, together with the peduncle, is from

tli^ec-

^y/'^'//.//,'/./^

^^v/y.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 4c5i

three to fix inches high, procumbent at the bafe ;
the leaves have ten or twelve pair of fmall, hairy,
elliptical pinna, with an odd one at the end : the
peduncle is longer than the leaves, and bears at
the top a clurter of about fix purple flowers:
the calyces are covered with black hairs : the pods
are fhort, oval, inflated, hoary, and white with
woolly hairs.

** Scapo nudo, ahfq^ue caule foliofs.

A. acaulis, fcapo ere<5to foliis longiore, legumini-
bus fubulatis inflatis villofis ere6lis. Sp. pi. 1071.
{Haller. cpufc. t. 2. fig. media. HiJl.Jlirp. Hemt,
n. 410. /. i^.fig, infer, adjinijiram. ^ fig- ncfi.)

Silken Aftragalus. Jnglis.

Upon Carn-dearg, one of the lower heads of Ben-
Sguilert, a high mountain in Glen-creran, in Up-
per-Lorn, growing together with plenty of the
DRY AS 0^0-pelala, in a light fandy foil : found
there by my ingenious friend iVIr. Stuart.

It has alio been difcovered at the bay of Farr, on
the eafl:ern coall, and in a rocky foil at Cro-
niarty, by Mr. Rohertfon. See Scotch magazine
for July 1768, with a figure of it. %. VII.

The root is long and woody : the ftalk is five or
fix inches high, deftitute of leaves, foft and
downy : the leaves are all radical, and confifb
each of ten or twelve pair of oval-acute pinnae,
covered v/ith a white filky down : the flowers are
of a pnle violet color, and grow eight or ten to-
D d gether

4C2 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

gether in a fhort thick fpike at the top of the
llalk : the calyx is covered with the fame fhining
hairs as the leaves : the Braclea are ftibulate
and fhorter than the calyx : the pod is hairy, tur-
gid, hard, and has two cells containing feveral
feeds.

TRIFOLIUM. Gen. pi. 896.

Flores fybcapitata. Legumen vix calyce longius, non
dehifcens, deciduum.

* Meliloti legumbiihus nudis polyfpermis.

mel. offici- TRIFOLIUM leguminibus racemofis nudis, dif-

nalis I. permis, rugofis, acutis, caule ereflo. Sp. pi.

1078. (Ger. e77j. 1205. /. 4. Rivin. t. 6. Moris.

hiji. /. 2. t.\6. f. 2. ordinis medii. Blackwell /. 80,;

Melilot. Jngiis,

In corn fields and by way-fides, but not common ;
beyond Drummond- Lodge ^ near Edinburgh. Dr.
Parfons. And near Aberlady^ in tlie Links. Uh-
haid. $. VII.

The ftalk is ered, firm, ftriated, branched, and
two or three feet high : the leaves ternate, fmooth,
obtufely oval, and ferrated : the flowers are
fmall, yellow, pendulous, and grow in long clofe
fpikes at the tops of the branches ; the pod is
very Ihort, turgid, tranfverfely wrinkled, pen-
dulous, and contains either one or two feeds.

The plane has a very peculiar ftrong fcent, and dif-
agreable bitter acrid talle, but fuch however as

is

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 403

is not difpleafing to cattle. The flowers arc
fweet-fcented.

It has generally been efteemed emollient and digef-
tive, and been ufed in fomentations and cata-
plafms, particularly in the plafter employed in
drefllng blifters, but is now laid afide, as its
quality is found fo be rather acrid and irritating
than emollient or refolvent.

It communicates a mod loathfome flavor to wheat
and other grain, fo as to render it unfit for mak-
ing bread.

TRIFOLIUM leguminibus nudis oclofpcrmis fub-
ternis calyce duplo longioribus, caulibus declina-
tis. Sp. pi. loyS. (Pluk. t.6S.f. i. jnaia. Raj,
Synops. p. 331. /. 14./. I. Oed. Dan. 368. opt.)

In dry or fandy paftures, but rare. Rev. Dr. Burxcfs
oi Kirkmkhad. O. VI. /3 f^^lf /rr^ ^"^r^A^^ -

The branches are three or four inches long, and lie
proftrate and clofe to the ground about the root :
the leaves ternate, heart-fhap'd, ferrated, and
Hand on long footftalks : the Jtipul^ are lanceo-
late and grow in pairs : the peduncles are axil-
lary, Ihorter than the footftalks of the leaves,
and bear moft commonly two, but fometimes
three or four narrow pale red flowers : the pods
are fhort, blunt, ereft, and flightly recurv'd,
each containing fix or eight feeds.

** Lotoidea leguminibus teflis, polyfpermis.

D d z TRIFOLIUM

404 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

repens 3. TRIFOLIUM capitulis umbellaribus, legiiminl-
bus tetrafpermis, caule repente. Sp. pi. 1080.
{Rivin. t. i^. Moris, hiji. f. 2. /. 12./. 2. or dims
fuperioris, ^ t. 14.. f. 4, ordinis fuperioris. Michel.
Gen. t. 25./. 5. Vail!. Paris, t. 22./. ij

White creeping Trefoil, or Dutch Clover. Anglis.

Seamar, Seamrag. Gaulis.

In meadows and paftures common. 1^. VI-IX.

The ftalk is round, unbranched, creeping, and
about a fpan long : the jlipula are of an oval-
lanceolate form, and vein'd : the leaves are ge-
nerally ferrated, but variable in their figure, be-
ing either roundiih and obtufe, or emarginated
and heart-fiiap'd, commonly fmooth and nervous,
and often marked with a white arch : the pedun-
are very long, and have a pair o{ Jlipul^ at the
bafe : the flowers grow in a fphsrical depreiTed
head : the younger ones are white and ered, the
older a little reddifh and deflex'd : the calyx is
either white orpurplifh, marked with ten ftreaks :
the feed-veflel appears out of the calyx, and in
fair fpecimens contains four feeds, though often
only two.

It is well known to be an excellent fodder for cat-
tle, and the leaves are a good ruftic hygrometer,
as they are always relaxed and flaccid in dry
weather, but ereft in moift or rainy.

*■** Lagopoda calycibus villous.

patenfe 4. TRIFOLIUM fpicis globofis viUofis, cinftis fti-

pulis

blADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 405

piilis oppofitis membranaceis, corollis monope-
talis. Sp. pi. 1082. y Manlifs^. fecund, p. 451.
{Moris, hiji.f. 2. /. 12,/. 6. Rivin. /, 11. Black-
well /. 20. y vcir. Raj. Syn. ^. 328. ^ 13. /. i.)

Purple Trefoil or Clover. Anglis.

In meadows and paftures frequent. %. VI-IX.

The ftalks are numerous from one root, reclining
at the bafe, and branched : the flipuLt are whirr j,
marked with red veins, and terminated with ca-
pillary beards : the leaves have fliort footflalks,
and are downy, the lower ones of a roundifli oval
figure, the upper ones more acute, and generally-
marked with a vv'hite aEch ; the head of flowers
is roundifh, purple, and fefiilc, placed between
two oppofite, ternate, fefTile leaves, which are
fubtended by a pair of broad membranaceous
JijpuU, ferving the purpofe of a common calyx :
the calyx is ftreaked with ten lines, and is tubu-
lar and hairy : the fegments are capillary, ciliated
on the fides, the lower one by much the longeft :
the tube of the Corolla is longer than the Vexil-
lum or upper petal, which is plaited, flrait, and
reflcx'd on the edges.

It affords a very plentiful fodder to horfes and otlier
cattle, but when they feed too greedily on the
frcOi herb, it blows them up in fuch a manner
with wind, that unlefs they are fpeedily relieved
by tapping them in the belly, or fome other hmi-
lar operation, they foon perifh. In Ireland the
poor people, in a fcarcity of corn, rrake a kind
D d 3 of

4c6 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

of bread of the dry'd flowers of this and the
preceding plant reduced to powder. They call
the plant Chamhroch^ and efteem the bread made
of it to be very wholfome and nutritive.

alpefire 5. TRIPOLI UM fpicis fubglobofis villofis terminali-
bus feffilibus, caule crec%, foliis lanceolatis fer-
rulatis. Sp. pi. 1082. (Rivin. t. 12. Jacquin. oh.
3. p. 14. /. 69)

Mountain Clover. Jtjglis.

At the foot of the highland mountains not unfre-;
quent, in moid or fhady places. %. VII. '

It differs trom T. prGtenfe, in having green T^/pwAf,
lanceolate at both ends, neither ftreaked with red
veins nor bearded -, in having longer leaves, more
nervous, fmooth on the upper fide, and rarely,
marked with any fpot or arch : the calyx flriatec
and fmooth, the dents only hairy : the heads oi;
flowers more oval, larger, and of a deeper pur'
pie, two of them frequently terminating th(
branch.

arviufe 6. T. fpicis villofis ovalibus, dentibus calycinis fetaceij
villofls requalibus. Lin.fyft. nat. p. 503. 5/). />/
1083. [Ger. em. 1192./. 3. Rivin, t. 15 Barrelier\
ic. 901. 902. Moris, hift.f. 2. /. 13./. H. Black'
well t. 490. )
Hire's-foot Trefoil. Jnglis.
Ln corn fields and dry barren pafl:ures not unfn
quenr, as under Salijhury craigs, &c. O. VI

VIII.

Tl

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 407

The ftalk is ered and branched, and the whole
plant covered with a foft down : the leaves are
narrow, and nearly linear, emarginated at the
end, the nerve terminated with a fpinule : the
JiipuU are linear, and have long beards : the ftalk
and branches are terminated with oval or cylin-
drical fpikes, covered with a thick afli-color'd or
feddilh down : the calyx is bell-lhap'd and hairy,
and has five dents, which are longer than the
flower, and are feathered with down : the Corolla
is very fmall and reddifh : the feed-veffel is tu-
mid, fphsrical, and contains one feed.

It is fuppofed to have an aftringent quality, and has
fometimes been ufed in dyfenteries, but is not
known in the prefent pradice.

TRIFOLIUM capitulis fcflilibus lateralibus ovatis,
calycinis laciniis insequalibusrigidis recurvis. Lin.
fyji. nat.-p. 54;^. Sp. pi. 1084. {Batrelier ic, 870.
Vaill. Paris, t. 33./. i.)

Hard-knotted Trefoil, Anglis.

On dry foils by the fea fhore near Edinburgh. Dr.
Parfons. O . VI.

The root throws out feveral tough proftrate ftalks,
about four inches long : the leaves are a little
hairy, veined, wedge-fhaped, or wideft and
rounded at the end, and very finely crenated :
the Jii-pula are oval and acute : the heads of
flowers fmall, flightly oval, axillary, feflile and
rigid : the dents of the calyx are Iharp and ftifl^,

unequal

4oS . DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

unequal in length, open and recurv'd when old :
the flowers whitifh, a little longer than the calyx^
and rarel) opened.

ftriatum 8. ^ capitulis feflllibus fublateralibus ovatis, calyci-
bus ftriatis rotundatis. S. pL 1085, (VailL Paris
t. 33./. 2. R. Synop.p. 329 T. it,, f. 3.;

Soft-knotted Trefoil. Anglis.

In dry paftures, as in Edinburgh park, abundantly.
G.VI.

This varies with reclining and ercd ftalks, from five
to ten inches long, and the whole plant is covcr'd
with foft hairs : the upper leaves are wedge-iliap'd
and flightly crenated, the lower ones are heart-
Ihap'd : the JlipuU are widely oval, membrana-
ceous, and ftriated with red branched lines :
the heads of flowers are foft and oval, the up-
per ones feflile, but the lower ones fometimes
have fhort footftalks : the calyces are covered with
foft white hairs, and ftreaked with ten prominent
lines, and when old become round and inflated :
the dents are lliort, and terminated with flight
fpinules : the flowers are of a pale red color.

This plant differs fo little from the preceding, that
we have been tempted to think them only varie-
ties, arifing from difference of foil ; but as all
authors have diilinguifhed them as fpecies, we
were unwilling to diflTent from the general opi*
Jiion.

*^** Lupulina ,

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 409

**■** Lupuiina vexillis corolU injlexis.
1
agrarium(^ TRIFOLIUM fpicis ovalibus imbricatls, vexillo

deflexis perfiftentibus, calycibiis nudis, caule eredo.

Sp. pi. 1087. (Ger. em. 1186./. 6. Moris hifi. f.

2. /. 13./- 1 ^ 2. majus. Vaill. Paris, L 22. f. 3.

opt.^

Hop Trefoil. Anglis.

In dry paftiires and corn fields frequent. O. VI.

VII.
The ftalks are hard, branched, a foot high, gene-
rally ereCl, but fometimes procumbent : the leaves
are nervous and fmooth, and either nearly oval
or cordate, or like the fe^or of a circle, with
the rays entire and the arc ferrated : the JitpuU
are largeft near the top of the ftalk, and of an
oval-lanceolate figure : the floral fplkes grow on
long, naked peduncles, nearly oval, and confifl:
of numerous flowers, clofely fet together : the
flowers are yellow, and (land each on its own
fhort pedicle, and when ripe are pendulous, dry,
and ruftling : the calyx, except tv^o or three hairs
at the apex, before flowering is fmooth : the vex-
ilium is heart-ftiap'd, deflex'd, ftriated, and flightly
ferrated : the Jiliqtm contains one oval, thick feed,
fl:anding on a pedicle.
It is an excellent fodder for cattle.

procumhens x. fpicis ovalibus imbricatis, vexillis deflexis per-
'^* fiftentibus ; caulibus procumbentibus. Sp. pi.

loas.

4IO DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

1088. (Moris, hi ft. f. 2, t. i^- f. i ^2. minus,
adhafin. Fig. Raj. Synops. p. 330. /. 14. /. 3)

Procumbent Trefoil. Jnglis.

In paftnres frequent, "U. VI. VII.

The ftalks are generally procumbent when young,
but afterwards become more cre6t, often a foot
long, and but little branched : the leaves are
fmall, heart-lhap'd, and finely ferrated, but not
ftriated : the fpikes are lax, and contain from
ten to fixteen flowers, which are fmaller than
thofe of the preceding.

Scopoli, in his Flor. Carniolica, n, 931, feems to
think this only a variety of the T. agrarium, and
indeed it differs but little from it.

jiliforme II TRIFOLIUM fpicis fubimbricatis, vexillis de-
flexis perfiftentibus, calycibus pedicellatis, cauli-
bus procumbentibus. Sp. fl. 1088. [Raj. Syn. p.
331. M4./. 4)

Slender-ftalk'd Trefoil. Jnglis.
In dry fandy foils, and upon ant hills, but not very
common. G. VI.

The ftalks are about four or five inches loqg, very
fine and llender, and generally procumbent : the
leaves are ftriated and emarginatcd : the pedun-
cles are fcarcely bigger than a horfe-hair, but
longer than the leaves, and fuftain from three
to five fmall yellow flowers, the f^/)'r^j of which,
during fruditication, are much more evidently

fupported

I DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 411

I fupportcd on pedicles than thofe of the preced-

ing fpccies : the flowers are pendulous.
It has been proved, by fowing the feeds, to be a
diftinft fpecies from the foregoing, but in the
cultivated ftate was obferved to produce from 12
to 13 flowers in a duller on each common pe-
duncle.

LOTUS. Gen. pi 879.

Legumen cylindricum, fl:ri<5lum. AU furfum longi-

tudinaliter connlvens. Calyx tubulofus.

cornkulatas ^^TUS capitulis depreflis, caulibus^decumben-
j^ tibus, leguminibus cyhndricis patentibus. Sp.pL

1092. (Ger. em. 1190./. 5. Rivin. t. 76. Moris,
hift.J. 2./. 18./. io£ff II.;
Bird's-foot Trefoil. AngUs.
Bar-a'-mhilfein. Gaulis.
In meadows and paftures common. %. VI-VIII»

The ftalks vary in length from fix inches to a
cubit, and are generally profl:rate, but fometimes
I nearly ered : the leaves are ternate, and com-

monly of an oval-lanceolate form, but fometimes
roundifli, and in other varieties narrow and al-
moft linear : ihtftipuU grow in pairs, oval and
acuminated, much like the leaves ; the pedun-
cles are axillary, and bear a coronet of four or
five yellow flowers : the vexillum is nearly oval,
plaited, eredl, ftreaked with red lines, or ever,
quite red before it opens, and (lands on a pedi ^

clc

412 DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

cle remote from the other petals : the filaments
are dilated at the apex : the anthene ftand on pe-
dicles : the pods are an inch long, of a reddifli
brown color, fmooth, fhining and divaricated,
or fpreading out from one another.

The plant varies with hairy and fmooth leaves and
calyces.

It is an excellent fodder for cattle, and would pro-
bably be well v/orth attention in agriculture.

The infeft called by Limiceus THKWSglauca fome-
times renders the flowers tumid and monftrous.

MEDICAGO. Gen. pi. Sgg.

Legumen comprefTum, cochleatum. Carina corollse

a vexillo defledlens.

(pulina I. MEDICAGO fpicis ovalibus, legu mini bus renifor-

mibus monofpermis, caulibus procumbentibus.

Lin.fyji. nat. p. 506, Sp. pi. 1097. (Ger. em.

1 186. / 5. Rivin. t. 8.)

Melilot Trefoil. Anglis.

In corn fields and paftures frequent. ^ . VI-VIII.

The ftalks are numerous, branched, from eight
inches to a foot long, and lie proftrate on the
ground : the leaves are ternate, of a variable
figure, being either oval, heart-fliap'd or roundifh,
finely ferrated, fofr, a little hairy, and fupported
on footRalks : the peduncles are axillary, and
bear an oval, imbricated head of fmali yellow
flowers : the vexillum is large, oval, reflex'd, and
hides the other petals : the feed-veflels grow in

DlADELPHlA DECANDRIA. 411

an oblong clufter, are kidney-fhap'd, wrinkled,
black when ripe, and contain each an oval feed.
Ic has of late years been cultivated in fome parts
of England for fodder, but it is probable that
the LOTUS corniculatus, and TRIFOLIUM
agrarium abovementioned, would turn to a better
account.

CLASSIS

414 POLYADELPHIA.

C L A S S I S XVIII.
POLYADELPHIA.

POLYANDRIA.

HYPERICUM. Cal 5-partitis, inferus. Cor. 5.
petala. Styli i, 3, Ten 5. Caps, i, 3, s, 5-
locularis.

CLASSIS

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 4«5

C L A S S I S XVIIL

P O L Y A N D R I A^

HYPERICUM. Gen.pL 902.
Cal. 5-partitus. Petala 5. Filament a multa, In 5-
phalanges bafi connata. Caps, loculis numero fty-
lorum.

Trygina omnia.

HYPERICUM floribus trygynis, pericarpiis bac-
catis, caiilc fruticolb ancipiti. Sp. pi. 11 02. {Ger,
em. 543./. I. Moris, bijt.'f. 5. /. 6. f. 12)

Tutfan or Park leaves. Anglis.

In woods, but not very common. We obfcrved k
in the woods at Inverary^ and at Loch-Ranfa^ ia
the ifle of Arran. T? . VII.

The ftalk of this Ihrub is branched, and has two
angles : it is commonly about two feet high :
the leaves are large, oval, fmooth, oppofite and
fefTile, turning to a dark red color in the autumn :
the juice exprefs'd from them is claret-color'd :
the flowers are yellow, and grow in a thin clufter
or umbel of five or fix together, at the fummits
of the branches, one, two or three upon a pe-
duncle : the fegments of the calyx are oval, green,
fomewhat larger than the petals, and remain
after the petals are fallen : the pericarpium h a

fpliserica:

41 6 POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

iphserical berry, firft green, afterwards red, and
foft and black when ripe, containing many red-
difii feeds.
It is a good vulnerary, the leaves readily healing
any frefh wounds, whence it took the French
name of Tutfan or Tout-Jain^ i. e. All-heal. >

HYPERICUM fioribus trigynis, caule quadrate
herbaceo. Sp. fl 1104. {Ger. em, 5^2. f. i. Mo-
ris, hiji.f. 5. /. 6./. 10. Pet. herb. t. 60. f. 11.)

St. Peter's Wort. Anglis.

In moid paftures, and by the fides of ditches and
rivulets. It, VJI.

The ftalk is a foot high, wing'd with four angles :
the leaves are oval, imperforate^ and have nine
nerves : the calyx is without glands : the petals
are marked towards the top with black glandu-
lar dots on the margin.

perforatimi H. fioribus trigynis, caule ancipiti, foliis obtufis
3* pellucido-pundatis. 1105. Sj?. pi. [Ger. em. ^^().

f. I. Moris, hijt.f. ^. t. 6. f. i. Blackwelli. 15.;
St. John's Wort. Jnglis.
Achlafan-Challum chille. Gaulis.
In woods, thickets and hedges. 1;. VII.
The ftalk is a cubit high, and has two elevated
lines •, otherwife is round, fmooth, and branch-
ed. The leaves are oval and obtule, and marked
with fmall, black, glandular dots on the margin,
and if held up between the eye and the light ap-
pear

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 417

pear as if perforated on the furface, being punc-
tated with numerous pellucid veficles. The
flowers are yellow and grow in clufters terminat-
ing the branches, and forming a kind of umbel.
The petals are mutilated, or feem to have a
fraall piece cut out on one fide, and are denti-
culated on the other -, their margins towards the
top, and fometimes the whole furface is fprinkled
with black dots. The leaves of the calyx are
intire, without glands, and about half the length
of the petals. Tlie anther £ are marked with
a fmooth black fpor, or lateral gland, placed on
t\it Jeptum between the two lobes. Thtjiigmata
are of a dark red color.

An oil or tindlure of the flowers is efteemed a
good vulnerary. The exprels'd juice or infufion
of the fame is reckoned good to deftroy worms,
to refolve coagulated blood, and to promote
urine.

The dried plant boiled in water with alum, dyes
yarn of a yellow color, and th^ Sivedes give a fine
purple tinge to their fpiritous liquors with the
flowers

The fuperftitious in Scotland carry this plant about
them as a charm againft the dire ciFefts of witch-
craft and enchantment. They alio cure, or fancy
they cure their ropy milk, which they fuppofe to
be under fomc maHgnant influence, by putting
this herb into i':, and milking afrefli upon it.

E e HYPERICUM.

4i8 POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

humifufum HYPERICUM floribus trigynis axillaribns follta-
4* riis, caulibus ancipitibus proftratis filiformibus,

foliis glabris. Sp. pi. 1105. {Ger. em. 54.1./. 4.
Pet. herb. t. 60./. 8. Oed, Ban. /. 141.;
Trailing St. John's Wort. A?iglis.
In gravelly pallures, but not very common. Dr.
Parfons & Sibbald. n. VH.

The {talk is about five or fix inches long and pro-
ftrate. The leaves are not ablblutely without
pellucid dots, but are obfcurely perforated. The
flowers do not form an umbel, but grow fingle
upon the peduncles arifing from the aU of the
leaves. The calyx is ferrated, and fprinkled
with black fpots or glands, particularly on the
edges. In other refpedts it differs little from the
preceding.

-montanmn

H. floribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-glandulofis,
5. caule tereti eredlo glabro foliis ovatis glabris. Lin.

fyjl. not, p. 510. Sp. pi 1105. {Column. Ecphrns.
Lp. ']l.t. i\. Moris, hiji.f. 5. ^ 6. /. 9. Pet. .
herb. /. 60./. 7. Oed. Dan. /. 173. opt.)

Imperforate or Mountain St. John's- Wort. Anglis. \
In mountainous woods, but not common. Sibbald.
^.VII.

The fl:alk is about a cubit high, very little branch'd, ;
and naked for a confiderable difl:ance under the
flowers. The leaves are h\v^ vfin'd, the lower
ones imperforate ; tlicir edges red, and marked

with '

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 419

with black glands. The flowers grow in a fhort
fpike or clufter, and are but few in number.
The fegments of the calyx are lanceolate and fer-
rated, each ferrature having a refinous gland
upon its apex. The hra^e£ are ciliated with
the like glands. The petals are fometimes, but
not always, dotted towards the top. The anther<£
have each a black fpot or glandule near the bafe.
The Jiamina are divided only into three pha-
lanxes.

hirftitum 6. HYPERICUM floribus trigynis, calycibus ferrato-
glandulofis, caule tereti ere6lo, foliis ovatis fub-
pubefcentibus. Sp. pi. 1105. (Moris, hijl. f. 5. /.
6./. II. Pet. herb. t. 60./. 10.)
Hair)' St. John's-Wort. ^nglis.
In mountainous woods and thickets not uncommon.
n. VII.

The ftalk is hairy. The leaves hairy and perfora-
ted, but not dotted on the edges. The flovv'ers
grow in a fpike or panicle, much more numer-
ous than in the preceding. Each ferrature of
the calyx is tip'd with a gland. The petals have
two or three black dots or glandules at the apex.
The anthers are without glands. The flyles are
of a red color, turning black by age. The
flowers of this fpecles clofe together in the night,
but thofe of the H. perforatum do not.

ekdes 7, HYPERICUM floribus tiigynis, caule tereti re-

E e 2 pentc.

420 POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

pente, follifq -, villofis fubrotundis. Sp.pl. 1106.
{Pel. herb. t. 60. f. 12. Mentz. pig. t. 7. /. 3.
an?)
Marfh hoary St. Peter's-Wort. Anglis.

In bogs, but not very common. Dr. Parfons. It
was obferved in the iOand of /%, by that cele-
brated naturaliit, Jofeph Banks, Efq-, ^. VII.
VIII.

The ftalk is five or ^\x inches long, branched,
weak and trailing, and together with the leaves
covered with hoary hairs. The leaves when
view'd with a microfcope, appear to be finely
perforated. The flowers grow in a thin panicle
at the top of the Italks, upon fmooth branched
peduncles. The calyces arc fmooth, and their
fegments edged with very fmall glandules. The
hra^e^ are oval, acute, oppofite, and edg'd with
the like glandules. The petals are of a pale
yellow, and feldom expand, but are commonly
twilled together in adiredlion, from left to right,
or with the fun's diurnal motion.

i>ulchrum 8 HYPERICUM floribus trigynis, calycibus fcrrato-
glandulofis, caule tereti, foliis amplexicaulibus
cordatis glabris. Lin. mantifs. fecund, p. 456. Sp.
pi. nob. Pet. herb. t. 60./. 6. Oed. Dan. t. 75.
opt.)
Elegant St. John's Wort. Juglis.

In dry woods and heaths, bur aIOC verv frequent.

We

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. 421

We obfervcd it in the little ifland of LamlaJJjy to
the South of Arrav. n. VH-
The (lalks are ere6b and fmooth. The leaves are
firm, fmooth and glofTy, of a triangular heart-
fhap'd figure, of a dark green above and glau-
cous underneath, perforated towards the points,
and a little refiex'd or contracted on the edges,
but not dotted. The flowers grow in thin fpik-
ed panicles. The fegments of the calyx are oval,
finely ferrated, the ferratures tipped with fine
black glands. The petals are of a deep yellow,
almofl: orange-color'd, and commonly dotted on
the edges, near the ape>: with black glandules.
The anther a: arc fcarlec.

E e % CLAS3IS

422 S Y N G E N E S I A.

C L A S S I S XIX.

SYNGENESIA.

POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

* Semiflofculofi^ f. corolUs Ugulatis omnibus.

HYPOCH^RIS. Recepi. paleaceum. Fappus fub-

plumofus. Cal. imbricatus.
TRAGOPOGON. Recept. nudum. Pappus plu-

mofus. Cal. fimplex.
LEONTODON. Recepi. nudum. Fappus plumo-

fus. Cal. imbricatus fquamis laxis.
SONCHUS. Recept, nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Cal. imbricatus gibbus.
CREPIS. Recept. nudum, Pappus pilofus. CaL

calyculatus fquamis difformibus.
PRENANTHES. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Cal. calyculatus fubquinqucfiorus.
LACTUCA. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Cal. imbricatus margine fcariofo.
HIERACIUM. Recept. ntfdum. Pappus pilofus.

Cal. imbricatus ovatus.
LAPSANA. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus. Cal.

calyculatus.

HYOSERIS.

S Y N G E N E S I A. 423

HYOSERIS. Recept. nudum. Faffus non pilofus.
Cal. ill bsequ alls.

** Capita fL

CARLINA. Calyx radiatus, radiis coloratis.

ARCTIUM. Calyx fquamis apice incuivato-ha-
mofis !

CARDUUS. C^lyx fquamis fpinofis vcntricofus,
Rccept. pilofum.

ONOPORDUM. Calyx fquamis ventricofus fpino-
fis. Recept. favofum.

SERRATULA. Calyx fquamis acutiufculis muii-
cis Imbricatus, fubcylindricus.

*** Difcoidea.

EUPATORIUM, Recept. nudum. Tappus. plu-
mofus. Cal, imbricatus. Pijlilla longiflia.

BIDENS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariftatus.
CaU imbricatus.

* Tanacetum,

POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

* Difcoidea.
ARTEMISIA. Recepi. fubnudum. Pappus nullus.

Carol, radii nulli.
TANACETUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus fub-

marginatus. Corol. radii trifidi.
CONYZA. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus. CoroL

radii trifidi.

GXAPHA-^

424 S Y N G E N E S I A.

GNAPHALIUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus plu-

mofus,

** Radiati.
BELLIS. Recept. nudum. Pappus nuUus. CaL

fquamis squalibus fimplex.
MATRICARIA. Recept. nudum. Pappus nullus.

Cal. fquamis imbricatus acutis.
CHRYSANTHEMUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus

nullus. Cal. fquamis intimis membranaceis.
DORONICUM. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Pappus radii nullus.
INULA. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus. An-
thers bafi bifetse.
ERIGERON. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Corel, radii capillares.
SOLID AGO. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus.

Corol. radii fubfeni remoti.
SENECIO. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus. Cal

fquamis apice fphacelatls.
TUSSILAGO. Recept. nudum. Pappus ^\M\m,

Cal. fquamis fubmembranaceis.
ASTER. Recept. nudum. Pappus pilofus. Cal.

fubfquarrofus.
ANTHEMIS. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus.

Cal. hsemifphoericus.
ACHILLEA. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus.

Radius fub-5-florus. Cal. oblongus.

POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.

CENTAUREA.

S Y N G E N E S I A. 425

CENTAUREA. Recept, letofum. Pappus pilcfus.
Radius corolla tubulofus.

POLYGAMIA NECESSARTA.
FILAGO. liecept. nudum. Pappus nullus.

MONOGAMIA.
JASIONE. C^/. communis. Cor. 5-petala regularis.

Caps, infera, 2-locularis,

LOBELIA. Cal. 5-dentatus. Cor. monopetala ir-
regularis. Caps, infera 2-locularis.

VIOLA. Cal, 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala irregularis.
Caps, fupera, 3-valvis.

CLASSIS

4=6 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA j^HQUALIS.

C L A S S I S XIX.

S Y N G E N E S I A.
POLYGAMIA tEQUALIS.

'"^ Semifiofculofi, f. coroUis ligulatis omnibus.

TRAGOPOGON. Gen. pi. 905.

Receptaculum nudum. Calyx fimplex. Pappus plu-
mofus.

praienfe i, TRAGOPOGON calycibus corolla; radium asquan-
tibus, foliis integris flriclis. Sp.pl. 1109. (Ger.
^^^^' 7Z5-> /• 2. Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. g.jig, prima or-
dinis fuperioris. Pet. herb. t. 15./. 7J

Yellow,' Goat's Beard. Anglis.

In meadows and paftures. Dr. Parjons. $ . VII.

The root is tap-fliap'd. The llalk a cubit high
and branched. The leaves grafs-like, fhcathing
the ftalk at the bafe, undulated on the edges,
and carinated or keel'd on the under fide. The
calyx is divided to the bafe into 8, and fome-
times 12 lanceolate fegments. Each branch is
terminated wich a yellow fiower. The feeds are
angular and tranfverfely ftriated, crown'd with
a pappus or down, which down ftands on a long
pedicle, a.nd confifts of about 32 plumofe rays,

horizontally

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. 427

horizontally expanded. The whole plant is re*
plete with a milky juice.

If the weather be fair the flowers of this plant
open at the rifing of the fun, and clofe again be-
tween nine and ten o'clock in the morning.
They ripen their feeds in three weeks from the
firft expanfion.

The roots are efculenr, being boil'd and ferv'd up
to table in the manner of afpsragus. The fpring
fhoots are alfo eaten by fome in the fame manner.
But that which is cultivated in gardens for culi-
nary purpofes is generally another fpecies, the
Tragopogon jwrrifolium Lin. commonly called
by the gardeners Salfafy.

SONCHUS. Gen.pl 908.
Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ventricofus. Tap-
pus pilofus.
^is I. SONCHUS pedunculis calycibufque hifpidis fub-
umbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi cordatis, Sp. pL
1116. (Ger. em. 295./. 8. Pet. herh, t. 14./. 6,
Moris, hiji. f. 7. /. 6./. 12.)
Corn Sow-Thiftle. Anglis.
In corn fields frequent. "U. VIII.
The root creeps under ground, and propagates

apace.
The ftalk Is three or four feet high, and branched at
the top. The leaves are firm and ftifi^ embracing
the ftalk at the bafe j the middle rib on the un-
der fide foliaceous, and armed with foft prickly

ferratures.

428 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

ferratures. The figure of thofe leaves is various.
Sometimes they are intire, or only indented on
the edges. Sometimes they have one pair of fa-
gittate or cordate pinncs at the bafe. At other
times they are pinnated half-way down to the rib,
with triangular reverfed pinn^, the extreme
one being largeft, and all of them edged with
foft fpinulce. The peduncles and calyces are
covered with yellow grofs hairs. The flowers are
large and yellow, and turn always towards the
fun. The feeds are crown'd with a foft, fimple,
fefTile down.

SONCHUS pedunculis tomentofis, calycibus gla-

bris. Sp. pi. in 6. {Ger. em. 292./. 3^4. Pet.

t. 14./. (^ 9, 10. Moris, hifi.f. 7. /. 3./. 1^2.

Blackwell /. 130. opt.)
Common Sow-Thiftle. Anglis.
In wafte places and cultivated grounds frequent.

G. VI-VIII.

The ftalk is fucculent, fiftular, and a cubit high or
more. The leaves are tender, of a very variable
figure, being fometimes intire, and fpmetimes
jagged or pinnated half way down to the rib;
their edges furrounded with foft prickly ferra-
tures. At their bafe they embrace the ftalk, and
are prefied clofe to it. The upper leaves are
always of an oval-lanceolate figure, and intire ;
but ferrulated en the edges. The ftalk is branch-
ed tov/ards the top, and forms a kind of umbel

of

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 429

of pale yellow flowers. The central flower which
terminates each branch has the fhorteft: peduncle.

The peduncles are not always downy, but become
fmooth as the plant grows old.

There is a variety of this plant with $. more rigid
and more prickly leaves, which fome authors
make a difl:in(5l fpecies. vid.fig.Jequentes. (Ger.
em. 291./. I, 2. FeL herb. t. i^.f. 4, 5, ^ ejus
varietates f. 1, 2, 3. Pluk. aim. t. 61. f. s- Loes.
Prufs. /. 77 y 78, Moris, hijf. f.y. t. i.f 5,
i^ 8. ordinis inferioris. Blaekwell. t. 30.

This as well as the former varies with intire and
laciniated leaves, as appears from the different
figures.

The young tender leaves of fow-thiflle are in fomc
countries boil'd and eaten as greens. They arc
of a cooling nature, and applied outwardly, by
way of cataplafm, have been found ferviceablc
in inflammatory fwellings and carbuncles Swine,
Hares, and rabbits are fond of tliem.

The flowers open about fix or i'tvcn o'clock in
the morning, and lliut up again at eleven or
twelve.

LACTUCA. Gen. pi. 909.

Receptaculum nudum. Cal. imbricatus, cylindricus,

margine membranaceo. Pappus flmplcx ftipita-

tus.

LACTUCA foliis horizontalibus, carina aculeatis

dentatis, Sp. pL 1119. (Ger. em. 309. /. i. Pet.

herb.

4jO SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

herb. t. i^, f. i, 2. Moris, hifi. f. 7. /. 2. /. 16.
melior,)

Strong-fcented wild Lettuce. Anglis.

On banks and by way-fides, but rare. We ob-
ferved it in the park at Edinburgh, at the foot of
Arthur's feat. $ . VIII.

The ftalk is three or four feet high, fcattered over
with a few fpines, and branched. The radical
leaves are broad and intire, but thofe on the

. ftalk are not always fo, being fometimes deeply
jagged or pinnated half-way to the rib, and all
of them armed with prickly ferratures on the
edges. I'hey embrace the ftalk at the bafe, and
the rib on the under fide is prickly. The upper
leaves alfo embrace the ftalk, but are intire and
oval-lanceolate. The calyx and upper part of the
ftalk is vifcid. The flowers yellow. The feeds
have a fnarp prickly apex, are mark'd with tu-
berculous ftreaks above their middle part, and
are crown'd with a foft fimple down, ftanding on
a fine (lender pedicle.

The whole plant is full of a bitter milky juice,
which, v.hen dry, is infljmim.able, and not infe-
rior to opium in its virtues, The leaves are nar-
cotic, and if eaten will intoxicate, which has
occafioned it to be called poifonous, and men
have from thence been frighted from the ufe of
it ; but it is a very gentle and fafe opiate. The
beft way of giving it is in a fyrrup made from
a decciflion of the frefti leaves and llalk. In

this

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA i^QUALIS. 431

this way it is faid to be much preferable to the
common diacodium^ and may given to tender con-
ftitutions with more fafety.

PRENANTHES. Gen.pl.<)M.

Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus. Pappus fimplex,
fubfefTilis. FIcfculi fimplici ferie.

PRENANTHES fiofculis quinis, foliis runcinatis.
Sp. pi. II 21. {Ger. em. 293./. 5. Pet, herb. t. 15.
/. 5. Oed. 'Dan. t. 509. opt.)

Wall Lettuce, Ivy-leav'd wild Lettuce. Jnglis.

On fhady rocks, and on the walls of old caftlcs in
the lowlands. %. VII.

The ftalk is two or three feet high, and greatly
branch'd at the top. The leaves have one or
two pair of haflate reverfed pinna, with a very
large triangular one at the end, flightly divided
into three acute lobes, which are dented on the
edges. They embrace the ftalk at the bafe, and
the middle rib on the under fide is acute and
ferratcd. The uppermoft; leaves are lanceolate.
The branches are naked, and form a lax panicle
of numerous fmall yellow pendulous flow-
ers. The calyx confifts of five fcalcs, with four
fmaller fupplcmentary ones at the bafe. The
flower has only five ligulated florets, which are
truncated and have four dents. The feeds are
bla.ck, ftreaked, of an oval-acute figure, and
crown'd with a fimple down, which ilands en a
fhort pedicle.

LEONTODON.

432 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

LEONTODON. Gen. p/. 912.
Recep. nudum. Cal. imbricatus fquamis Jaxiufculis.
Pappus plumofus.
taraxacum LEONTODON calyce fquamis inferne reflexis,
I. foliis runcinatis denticulatis Isvibus. Lin.fyji.

nat. -p. 521. Sp. pi. 1 122. {Ger. em. 290./. i.
Vet. herh. t. 11./. 7, 8. Mcris. hijl. f. 7. /. 8./.
I. ordinis medii. Blackwell t. 501. bona.)
Dandelion. Anglis.
Am bearnan-bride. Gaulis.
In meadows and paftures common. '^. V. VI.
The floral {talks are fmooth, tender, fucculent, fif-
tular, and bear each a fingle yellow flower. The
fcales of the calyx are fmooth, the exterior and
lowermofl: ones reflexed. The feeds are acutely
elliptical, rough, and crown'd wirh a fimple down,
fupported on a pedicle, and therefore has not
properly the charadlers of this genus,
paludofupi. ^^ varies In marfliy grounds with leaves intire, or
only indented on the edges, which fome authors
make a diflinft fpecies. {vid. fcopoii Flor. Carniol,
n. 95S /. 48.)
This we obferv'd on the fides of the mountains in

ifle of Skye^ in moift places.
The plant has a bitter milky juice, and a remark-
able diuretic quality.
The young le»ives in tiie fpring, when blanch'd and
tender, are admired by many as a failad. They

are

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMTA ^QUALIS. 433
are recommended thus taken for the jaundice
and cachexy, and in a ftrong decoflion for the
gravel.

^is LEONTODON caule ramofo, pedunculis fqua-
mofis, foliis lanceolatis dentatis integerrimis gla-
bris. Sp.pL 1123. (Ger. em. 296./. 2. Pet. herb,
t. 12./. 3. 4. Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 7. /. 6. ordinis
inferioris.)

Yellow Devil's-Bit. Anglis.

In meadows and paftures frequent. %. VIII.

The root is fhort, thick, truncated and crown'd
with fibres. The ftalks naked and branch'd.
The radical leaves numerous, fmooth, of a va-
riable figure, commonly deeply indented, or la-
ciniated half-way down to the rib, the lacinut
acute and intire. Sometimes they are almoft
intire, being only (lightly dented. The ftalk is
tumid under the flower. The calyx fmooth ; the
flowers yellow. The feed longifh, and crown'd
with a plumofe feffile down.

The flower opens about feven o'clock in the morn-
ing, and clofes at three in the afternoon.

LEONTODON calyce toto eredo, foliis^ dentatis
integerrimis hifpidis, fetis furcatis, Lin. fyji. nat.
■p. 522. ^.fl. 1124. {Ger. emac. Z^Z- f- ^- -^^^•
herh. t. 11./. 9, 10. Moris, hifi.f. 7. /. 8./^. ulr
ordiiiis medii ad dextram.)

Rough Dandelion. Jnglis.

In meadows and paftures frequent. % . VI.

F f The

434 SYiNGENESIA : POLYGAMfA ^QUALIS.

The radical leaves are numerous, rough, dry and
faplcfs, lanceolate, and either fparingly indented,
or more commonly laciniated half way to the

rib : the lacini^ acute, and growing larger by
degrees towards tlie end of the leaf, which is
terminated with a triangular one. Thefe leaves
are covered with white rigid hairs, which are bi-
fid and trifid at the top. 1 he fiora*l ftalks are firm,
hairv, deftitute of leaves, e'ght or ten inches
high, and terminated each with a fingle yellow
flower. The calyx is hairy. The exterior Carets
greenifh or olive-color'd on the under fide. The
feeds are longer than the down and ftriated : the
down is plumofe and flands on a fliort pedicle.

*rhat variety with leaves almofl: entire, or only fpa-
ringly indented, growls in dry mountainous and
(tony places.

The flowers generally op?n about four o'clock in
the morning, and fhut up at three in the after-
noon.

HIERACIUM. Gen. pi. 913.
Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ovat\is. Pappus
fimpkx, feflilis.
* Scapo ntido unijloro.
alpinum i HER ACTUM foliis oblongis integris dentatis, fca-
po fubnudo uniHoro, calyce pilofo. Sp.pl. 1124.
Raj. Syticp. p. i6ij. I. 6. f. 2. Moris, hifi. f. 7. A
7./. 5. bona. Pet. herb. t. 11./. 2 ^ fig. voji.)
Alpine Hawkweed. Jnglis. 1

In

ra^^u//'/? a/////////// . 1^,4^4-.

v (/»jf;//,^ y,^.

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 435

In dry foil near the fummits of the highland moun-
tains in many places, as upon Ben-mor, and upon
Craig-vore^ jufl above Loch-Laraig-anLochain,
both mountains in Breadaibane. Upon Ccrry-
yaal, and near the top of Bedan-nam-bian, the
the higheft mountain in Glenco, in upper Lorn,
being, according to the obfervations of the inge-
nious Mr. Stuart^ 3150 feet above the level of
the fea. We obferv'd this plant likewife upon
the high mountains to the fouth of Litlle Loch
Broom, in RosJJjire, upon the weftern coaft ; as
alfo on Ben-na-grion, two miles above M^Kinnoti's
caftle in Strath, in the ifle of Skye, fo that it is
not a fcarce plant upon the Britijh Alps. "U. VII.
Yill.

The radical leaves vary in figure, fome of them are
Gval-obtule, others oval-lanceolate, often entire
on the edges, bL>t Ibmetimes (lightly dented, and
always fprinkled on both fides with white woolly
hairs ; the ftalk' is generally about five inches
high, fcattered with white hairs, v^'hich are fuf-
cous at the bafe, either quite deftitute of leaves,
or furnifhed only with one fmall narrow lanceo-
late rudiment or braclea near the top, and bears
a fingle yellow flower : the calyx is black and co-
vered with white hairs : the feeds arc oblong,
brown, angular, and crown'd with a fimply-hairy
felfile down.

'aray^acl 2. HIERACIUM foliis lanceolatis dentatis glabris ;

F f 2 fcapo

436 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS.

Icapo fubnudo unifloro, calyce hirfuto. Sp. pt.
1 1 25. (Fig. nulla fidenda.)
Hawkwced, with yellow Devil's- bit leaves. AngUs.

In wet ground on the fides of the highland moun-
tains, but not common. We gathered it on the
fide of a mountain call'd Bennn-CaiHich, in the
parifli of ChrfJl's-C/jurcb, m Strath-Swardte^ in
the ilk of Skye. %. VII.
The radical leaves are Imooth, narrow, lanceolate,
diftantly dented on the edges, and fometimes pin-^
natifid or jagged halt way to the rib: they have
long red footitalks, and the middle rib is reddifli:
the ftalk is fix inches high, fmooth towards the
bale, but hairy at the top near the flovv'er, defti-,
tute of leaves, except three or four minute ru-jj
diments or hrcMc.e towards the upper i^arts, and!
bears a fingle yellow flower : the calyx is black
and covered with fufcous hairs, and the top ol
the flalk jv.fi: under it is tumid : the feeds are.
crown'd with a fellile -plimoje dov;n, which lall
charafter does not Lelong to this^t-^^j, and there-!
fore lialler has placed it under his genus of Pi-
CRis. Bijl. Helvet. 7/. 27.

pihfella 3. HIERACIUM foliis integerrimis ovatis fubtus to
mentofis, itolonibus repentibus, fcapa unifloro
Lin.fyjl. nat.p. 522. Sp.pL 1 125. (G^r. em. 638
/ 2. Pet. herb. t. i i . f. 1. Moris, hiji. f. y. t, S
Jig, dua prinne ordimsfuperioris. Bhck-zvell. t, ^65
Moufe-ear Hawkwced. Jnglis.

Li

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMI A .SQUALLS. 437

In dry barren pailures common. V-.Vl.

The calyx of this kind is black and hairy : the

flower fulphur-color'd, the exterior florets red on

the under fide. It opens at eight o'clock in the

morning, and clofes at two in the afternoon.

The infed called by l.infi^us Ccccus Pilofcll^ ad-<
heres to the roots ot this plant.

** C auk folio fo mulufloro.

H. caule ramofo •, foliis radicalibus ovatls dentatis,
caulino minori. Sj). pi. 1128. [Ger. em. 304. f. i,
2. Pet. herb. t. i-^.f. 2, 3, 4, 5. J. Bauh. IL fl
1034. bene. Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 5./. 54) ■-

Wall Hawkweed, French Lungwort. Anglis.

In woods and on walls and rocks frequent. tI. VII.

This plant varies exceedingly, as appears from the
different figures which are given of it. Its ge-
neral appearance is as follows : The root produces
one flenderftalk, afoot high, fcatter'd with hairs,
having one lateral branch, and producing but few
flowers : the leaves are chiefly radical, of an oval-
acute form, dented on the edges particularly at
the bafe, are fcattered with a few hairs, are rcd-
difli underneath, r.nd fliand on foot-fl:alks. The
Ifalk has commonly one or two leaves towards
its bafe like the preceding, only fmaller, and
fupported alfo by a footfl:alk : the branches are
are long, naked, bearing each two or three yellow
flowers : the calyx is blackifh, covered with fuf-
cous hairs : the feeds black and furrow'd : from
^ ^ Z the

438 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALTS.

the firfl expanfion of the flower to the rlpe|n!ngi
of the feeds is about i 8 days.
It varies i. with leaves fprinkled with white fpots.

2. with narrower and more lanceolate leaves.

3, with radical leaves roundifh.

4, with leaves pinnatifid at the bafe.

5. with naked unbranched ftalks, bearing two, and
fometinnes only one fingle flower.— This lall is
frequent upon the highland mountains in dry
rocky places, vid. Pd. herb. /. 11./. 4. i

^dudofum HIERACIUM caule paniculato, foliis amplexicau-'

5" libus dentatis glabris, calycibus hifpidis. Sp. pi,

1129. {Ger. ,em. 300./. 11. bona. Moris, hi/i.f. 7.1

/. 5./. ^j. Pet. ^herb. t. 13. /. 9. Gmelin. Fi.Siben]

11. t. c). fcdvit'opj quoniam folia & caulis hirjuta)\

Marfli Hawk weed. An^lis.

By the fides of rivers in rocky places, both in the,
highlands -^nd lowlands, frequent. 1; ? VII. VllLj

l"he ilalk is two feet high, fmooth, and branched |
into a thin panicle at top ■.. the leaves are oval-|
lanceolate,. fmooth and tender, fharply dented on j
the edges, the dents revers'd : the radical ones
which are four or five, have foliaceous dented
footftalks : thofe on the ftalk, which are commonly
about three, diflant from each other, are feflilc
and embrace the ftalk at their bafe : the panicle
confifts only of about five or fix yellow flowers,
one, two or three upon a branch : the calyces are
livid and cover'd with black hairs.

The

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAiVi]A:^QUALlS. ^^^9
The flowers arc open from fix o'clock in the rnorn-r
ing till five in the afternoon.

H. caule ereclo mukifloro, fol'.is ovato-lanceolatis
dentatis fcmiamplexicaulibus, Sp.pl. 1131. {Fct.
kerb. t. i^.f. 7. 7\4oris. hifl. f. 7. /. 5. /. 59.
Giuelin. tl.Sibir. II. n. 30. /. 14.)

Broad-leav'd Bulhy Hawkweed. Ariglis.

Jn woods and rough ftoney places, but not very
cominon. 1; VII.VIII.

The (lalk is a yard high, hairy, ftifF, and branched
at the top into a thin panicle : the leaves arc
hairy and remotely dented : thofe on the ftalk
are numerous, often crouded together in one part,
and fometimes intire on the edges : the flowers
are yellow, and grow on hairy peduncles, fur-
nifhed with lanceolate bra^ea : the calyx is livid,
a little hairy, and fometimes fmooch : the recep-
tacle or bed upon which the florets are difpofed
is a little rough and hairy : the feeds when ripe
are black, ftriated and quadrangular.

It varies fometimes with roundifh leaves j and at
othertimes with leaves almofl fmoorh.

mheilatum HIERACIUM foliis linearibus fubdentatis fparfis,

7. fioribus fubumbellatis. Sp. pi. 11 31. (Ger. em.

298./. 5. Pet. herb. t. 13./. 11. Mcris. hijt.f. 7.

/.5-/-66.)

Narrow leav'd Bufhy Hawkweed. Jnglis,

In rough ftoney places, but not very common. We

obferved

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA iEQUALlS.

obferved it about the king's feat at Dunkeld, &c.
%. VIII.

The ftalk is a yard high, ered and firm, and ter-
minated with an umbel of yellow flowers : the
leaves on the ftalk are numerous, diftant from
each other, fmooth, of a narrow elliptic form,
dented on the edges, and fometimes intire : the
peduncles are furniflied with hraclete : the calyx is
fmooth and of a livid color: the receptacle is
rough, and pierced deeply with little cells.

There is a variety of this fometimes found with nar-
row grafs-like leaves, (vid. Pet. herb.t, 13./. 12.

And alfo another variety with a ftalk not above 9
inches high, bearing often only a fingle flower,
the leaves nearly oval and intire, and rough on
the edges. (Dillen. Eph. Nat. Gur. Cent. V. VI.
Append, p. 36. tab. 13./. i. Vaillant. 48. j

This Mr. Stuari obferv*d about Loch-Rannochy in
Verthjhire.

Thefe are ufed in Sweden to dye yarn of a fine yel-
low color.

CREPIS. Gf». p/. 914.
Recept. nudum. Cal. calyculatus fquamis deciduis..

Pappus plumofus, ftipitatus.
CREPIS foliis lanceolato-runcinatis feffilibus Isevi-
bus, inferioribus dentatis. Ltn, fyjl. nat. p. 525.
Sp. pi. 1 135. {Ger. em. 297. /. 4. Moris, hiji. yl
7. /. 7./. 29. Pet. herb, t. I2. /. 6, 7. ^ ejus va-
rietas t. 12. /. 3, 4, 5.)
Smooth Succory Hawkweed. Anglis,

In

SYNGENESI A : POLYGAMIA i^QUALIS. 441
In meadows, paftures, and upon thatch'd and turfed

cottages. O . VII-IX.
The ftalk varies from one to three feet high, firm,
and round ifh at the bafe, but ftriated or furrow'd
upwards : the leaves are generally fmooth, but
are fometirries rough, with bifid hairs : the radi-
cal leaves are pinnatifid, the fegments acute,
often reversed, their fegments at the bafe the
longeft i thofe on the branches entire, linear,
pointed at the bafe, and the edges rcflex'd ; the
branches arife from the bofoms of the leaves :
the flowers are yellow, and grow in loofe clufters
at the top of the branches : the fcales of the
principal calyx are 12 or 13, ered, furrow'd, and
fcattcred with glutinous hairs : the fcales of the
inferior fupplementary ca!yx are only about five :
the ftyles are fufcous and are protruded without
the antherce : the down is plumofe, and in this
fpecies, contrary to one of the charaders of the
genus, is felTile.
It Is a very variable plant.
^« Sometimes the leaves are only dented on the edges,

not jagged, as reprefented in Fetiver\ figure, /.
12./. 5.

Sometimes It Is dwarfifli, and the flalk has no
leaves, but only narrow 7?//)«/<f. Fet. herb. t. 12.
/• 3. 4-

HYOSERI5. Gen. pi 916.

Recept. nudum. Cal. fub^qualis. Pappus pilofus

vel obfolctus.

HYOSERIS

442 SYN'GENESIA : POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS.
mimma i. HYOSERIS caiile divifo nudo, pedunculis incraf-
fatis. Sp. fi. I 13S. (Ger. em. 218. /. 8. Pel. herb.
t. 15./. 9. Moris, hiji.f. 7. /. 1./. 8. Oeder. Ban.
t. 201. opt.)

Small Swine's Succory. Jnglis.

In corn fields in a gravelly or fandy foil, bin rare.
Sibbald. O.VI.

The whole plant is fmooth, ereft, and about fix or
eiMit inches hioh : the radical leaves are nume-
rous, oval, acutely dented, and fpread upon the
ground round the root : the ftalks arc red, and
Vvlry at the bafe, but green, fiftular, and tumid
by degrees to the top : they are deftitute of
leaves and generally divided towards the top,
bearing each two or three yellow flowers : the in^
terior fcales of the calyx are equal and acute ; the
exterior fupplementary ones are flender, dry, and
form only one row or circle fthe florets are trun-
cated, and have commonly five dents : the feeds
are fliort and ftriated, nearly oval, and crown'd
with a very fhort margin.

HYFOCH.ERIS. Gen. pi. 918.
precept, paleaceum. Cal. fubimbricatus. Pappus

plumofus.
HYPOCH^^RIS glabra, calyclbus oblongis imbri-
^ ^^ ^' catis, caule ramofo nudo, foliis dentato-finuatis.

:p. pi. 1 1 40. {Oed. Dan. t. 42/^. opt. Moris, hiji.
/. I't. A-f- 35-)
Smooth Ilav/ivv.eed. Jnglis.

In

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA 7EQIJALIS. 445
In mountainous paflures and gravelly foils, but

not common. O. s. ^ ? VII. VIIL
The ftalk is 12 or 18 inclies high, and branchfd :
the radical leaves are of a long elliptic form,
acute at the end, and finuated or deeply indented
on the edges, the dents acute; they are not al-
ways fmooth, but fomctim.es a little hairy : the
ftalk-leaves are minute^ felTile, ov:i!-lanceoIate
the lower ones flightly dented, the upper ones
entire, and refembling///)/^/^: the peduncles are
thickefl at the top juft under the flowers : the
fcales of the calyx are fmooth, and very dillind: :
the flowers yellow, and about half an inch in
diameter : the down of the k^ds^ which are
placed in tlie centre of the difc, is llipporred on
pedicles, but of thole in the marrriR is lelFile.

radknta 2. HYPOCH^RIS foliis runcinatis obtufis fcabris,
caule ramofo nudo Isvi, pedunculis fquamofis'.
Sp. pi 1140. (C^r. em. 29H, / 6. Moris, hiji. f.
.7. /. 4./. 27. Oed. Dan, t. 150 J

Long-rooted Hawk weed. Anglis.

In meadows and paflurf-s frequent. %. VII.

The root is long, thick and white: the radical
leaves are hairy and roughuOi, and lie proflrate
on the ground round the root : they are jao-ged
half way to the rib, the anterior lacini^ bdng
broadeft, and the extremity of the leaf obtufe •
the flalks are naked, (except a few fmall oval*
acute//>«/^) fmooth, tough and pliant, branched,
12 or 15 inches high, and thickefl: attopjufl

under

444 SYNGENESIA : PCLYGAMIA y^EQ^UALIS.

under the flowers : the interior fcales of the caly>c
and thofe of the bafe are fmooth, the others have
their carhia near the apex ciliated with white
hairs : the flowers are yellow, and above an inch
in diameter, the marginal florets reddifli or livid
underneath : the feeds are narrow, elliptical, red-
difli and llreak'd, the fl:reaks above tlie middle
part denticulated : the dov/n confiflis of about 30
pulmofe rays fl:anding on a pedicle as long as the
rays, but fliorter than the paka:^ or thofe chaffy
fubfl:ances which are placed amongft the florets
upon the receptacle.

The plant yields a bitter milky juice, fmelling like
opium.

The ilowers clofe up at three o'clock in the after-
noon.

LAPSANA. Gen. pi. 919.
Kecept. nudum. C^/yx calyculatus, fquamis fingulis
interioribus caniculatis. Tappiis nullus.
tmnmunis r LAPSANA calycibus fruftus angulatis, pedunculis
tcnuibus ramofiflimis. 6'/;./7/. 1141. (Ger. em. 255.
Pet. herh.t. 14./. 12. Moris, hifi.f. 7. /. i./. 9.
Oed. Dan. t. 500. o-pt.)
Nipplewort, Anglis.

In cultivated grounds and v/afte places frequent.
G. VII. VIL

The ftalk is crc.fr, from two to Ave feet high, and
branched : the lower leaves are pinnatifid, hav-
ing commonly two fmall finnn^ wp^m the foot-

ilalk,

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 445
flalk, and one large'oval finuated one terminating
the leaf: the upper ones are feffile, acutely oval
and dented : the branches are almoft naked, and
form a kind of loofe open panicle of yellow flow-
ers : the calyx is fmooth and con fills of ?> fcales,
growing together in afurrow'd cylinder, with five
other unequal fupplementary ones at the bafe :
the flowrets are from 18 to 22 in each flower :
the calyces become angular as the feeds ripen :
the feeds are flriated, a little gibbous and defl:itute
of down.
The young leaves in the fpring have the tafte of
radiflies, and are eaten by the inhabitants of Con-
ftanihwple raw as a fallad. In fome parts of £»g-.
lajid the common people boil them as greens, but
they have a bitter and not agreeable tafte.

*^ CapUaii, pfcidis omiiibus tiibulofts hermaphroditism

ARCTIUM. Gen. pi 923.
Cal globofus ; fquamis apice hamis inflexls.
lappa 2. ARCTIUM foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis.
Sp. pi 1 143. {Ger. em. 809./. i. Pet. herb. t. j2,
/• ^ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Moris, hijt. f. 7. t. 32./. i. 2.
Bkckwell. t. iiy. Miller, ic. 159.J
Burdock. Jnglis.

Mac-an-dogha, Suircean fuirich. Gaulis.
In wafte places by way-fides, and in pafl:ures at

the foot of mountains frequent. ^ . Vlf. VIII.
The root is long, fimple, ftralt and thick : the
leaves are very large, heart- fnap'd, obtufe, wooly

underneath.

446 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QTJALIS.

underneath, and %htly dented on the edo-es :
the flalk is two or three feet high and branch'd :
the flowers are purple and grow in Tpha^rical heads,
forming a kind of clufter'd umbel : the calyces
are fometimes fmooth, and fornetimes interwoven
with a \rooly or cobweb kind of matter; the
fcaies are hooked at the end, and readily adhere
to any thing they touch : the florets are all tu-
bular, hermaphrodite, and have fiye dents in the
rim : the receptacle upon v/hich the florets are
diipos'd is cover'd with briftly 'l>aiea : the feeds
are crown'd with afliort brittle down, wliich thro'
a microfcope appears to be plumofe.
This plant, tho' generally neglefted, is capable of
being apply'd to i^.any ufcs,—- the root and llalks
are efculent and nutritive : the flalks for this pur-
pofe fliould be cut before the plant flowers, the
rind peel'd off, and then boil'd and ferv'd up in
the manner of cardcons, or eaten raw as a failad
with oil and vinegar.
It is likewife us'd in medicine : the great Bcerhave
recommends a deco6tion of it in pleurifies, perip-
neumonies, and malignant fevers. In the fame
manner it: is faid to have cur'd the venereal dif-
eafe. An elixir of it has been alfo much ex-
toU'd for the gOut -, and an cmulfion of the feeds
has a pGv,erful diuretic quality. Outwardl) ap-
ply'd the haves have been found ferviceable In
hcadachs, the gout, and cedematous fwellings.

Cattle rcfufe to eat it: but flieep propagate it by

conveying

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 447
conveying the feeds from plac« to place in their
wooh

SERRATULA. Gen. pL 924.
Cal. fubcylindricus, imbricatus, muticus.

SERRATULA foliis lyrato-pinnatindls j pinna
terminali maxima, flofculis conformibus. Sp. pL
1 144. (Ger. em. 713./. 2. Pet. herb. t. ^i. f.^. 6.
Oed. Dan. t. 281.)

Saw-wort. Anglis.

In woods and wet paftures, but not common. %.
VII. VIII.

The ftalk is iliff, angular, branch'd and a yard hi&h :
the leaves are firm, fmooth and finely ferrated on
the edges : the lower leaves are fometimes ova)
and intire, fometimes pinnatifid at the bafe only-
at other times they, together with thofe on the
{talk, are all pinnatifid throughout, with oval
lanceolate ;)/«««/^ : the flowers are purple, and
grow in a kind of cluftered umbel at the top of
the ftalk : the calyces are nearly cylindrical, the
■ fcales erecl, acutely oval, clofely compared, and
and a little wooly on the edges : the receptacle
has rigid hairs : the feeds are crown'd with a feffile
Ihining, fimple down, of a golden fufcoiis color.

It dyes cloth of an exceeding fine yellow color, pre-
ferable to the LuTEOLA or Genista-, and the
color (lands well when fix'd with alum.

Cattle are obferv'd ro leave this plant nntouch'd.

S, calycibus

44« SYNGENESIA : POL YG AMI A ^QUALIS.
^Ipina 2. S. calycibus fubhirfutis ovatis, foliis indivifis. Sp..
pi. I J 45. (Phik, aim, t. 154./. 3. Gmelin. FL Sibir.
2. p 6-]. /. 26. Ger. em. 1184. /. 7. Moris, hifi,
f. 7. /. 29./. I. Of J. Z)rt«. i. ^j. 'vnr, foliis lance-
olatis angujiis.)
Alpine Saw-wort. Alpine foft Thiftle. A7tglis,
It grows on the fides of the highland mountains in
many places, as among the rocks on the eaftern
fide of Mal-ghyrdy, and near the top of Ben-
cruipen, in Breadalbane ; on the north fide of
Stuic-an-lochaifj, in Ghi-ljcn -, upon Ben-achala-
der^ and Ben-dotha, In Glenorchy ; and upon
Malmore^ a mountain in ^Im^-, in Upper-Lorn,
about two thirds of the \yiLy.^/^c found it alfo
upon a Brae, a mile from Tali/J:ary in the ifle of
^kye, between the two rocks called Great and
Little Breeze- Hill. We are informed that it has
been gathered likewife in the lowlands near Mof-
fat, in Annandaie, fo that it is not a very fcarce
plant in North-Britain. % . Vlll. IX.

It is commonly about 10 or 12 inches high, but va-
ries from fix inches to two feet : the leaves arc'
ulually of an oval lanceolate figure, fparingly
dented, or (lightly finuated on the edges, and
woolly underneath -^ but thefe again vary very-
much, being fometimes nearly heart-lhap'd, and
at other times o{ a narrow lanceolate form : the
ftalk is firm, unbranch'd, woolly and reddiih : the
flowers are purple and grow in a duller at the
top, with one or two at a little diftance below :
the calyx when mature is cylindrical : the fcales

ar&

^r^rrr^t,^/:^^ ^^^^^.^^^.

J^^f^a^a// ,*Yi«^

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 449
are broad, Ihort, nearly triangular and woolly :
the receptacle is hairy : the feed is crown'd with
a feflile plumofe down.

f 3. SERRATULfiCyfoliis dentatis fpinofis. Sp. pi,
1 1 49. {Ger. em. 11 73./. 4. Column, ecphras. I. p.
45. t. 45. Moris, hift.f 7, /. 32./. 14 J

Common Way-Thiftle, or Corn-Thiftle. AngUs.

Foghenan, Cluaran. Gaulis.

In cultivated grounds and by way-fides. %. VI I.

The root is long and creeping : the flalk a yard
high, ereft, branch'd, fmooth and angular, but
not winged : the leaves are generally fmooth, of
a lanceolate figure, either indented on the edges,
or pinnatifid, the lacinia undulated, angular and
dented i the dents ending in fpines : the flowers
are commonly purple, but fometimes white, and
grow in loofe umbels, one or two upon long
woolly peduncles : the calyx is longifh, and con-
fifts of numerous compact lanceolate fcales, which
end in a fhort harmlefs fpine : the receptacle has
fhort fetaceous hairs : the down on the feeds is
long and plumofe.

The plant when burnt yields good allies for glafs-
making.

CARDUUS. Gen. pi 925.

Caf. ovatLis, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis. Recept,

pilofum.

* Foliis decurrentihus.

G s CARDUUS

450 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA tEQUALIS.
lanceolatusi CARDUUS foliis deciirrentibus pinnatifidis hifpi-
dis, laciniis divaricatis ; calycibus ovatis fpinofis
villofis, caule piloifflt Sp.pl. 114.^. {Ger. em. 1174.
/. 6. Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 31./. 7. ordinis Juperio-
ris.)

Spear- Thiille. Jnglis.

An deilgneach. Gaulis.

By way-fides frequent. $ . VII. VIII.

Theftalk is three or four feet long, arm'd with fhort
foliaceous, and fharply prick/d wings : the leaves
are pinnatifid, the lobes bifid, fpear-fliap'd, di-
varicated, or alternately elevated and deprefled
above and belov/ the difc, the nerves ending in
very fharp and ftrong fpines, the extreme lobe
much longer than the rell. They are green and
rough on the upper fide, but hoary underneath ;
the calyces are woolly •, the outermoft fcales lan-
ceolate, reflex'd, and terminated with fpines : thci
innermoft fetaceous, dry and unarm'd : the flo-!
rets arc all tubular and purple : the receptacle,
hairy and conical : the down plumofe.

nutans 2. CARDUUS foliis femi-decurrentibus fpinofis, flo-
ribus cernuis ; fquamis calycinis fuperne patenti-
bus. Sp. pi II so. (PeL herb. /. 21. /. i. Hort.l
Aichjtett. aftiv. ord. xi. /. i.fig. 1. Moris, kijl.f.
y. t. '^i f. 6. ordinis fi'.pcrioris., bona.)
Muik-Thiflle. Anglis.

In wafte places near towns, and in dry paflures anc
rough itoney foils. <? . VII. VIII.

TIk

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 451

Theflalk is two or three feet high, but little branch'd,
befct with prickly wings, fhort, and interrupted,
not running all the way from one leaf to another :
the leaves are pinnatifid, the nerves hairy, the
lobes angular, and arm'd with ftrong iliarp fplnes.
The peduncles are long, and bear each a fingle,
large purple, nodding flower, having a ftrong
mufky fmell, cfpecially in the evening, when the
odour is condens'd. The fcales of the calyx are
commonly of a dull red color, terminated with
ftrong fpines, the exterior ones ftanding wide and
open, the interior ereft : the receptacle is fetace-
ous : the down long but ftmple.

The dr}''d flowers of this and the preceding fpecies
are uied in fome countries as a rennet to curdle
milk.

Many kinds of PhaUn^ are fond of the flowers,
and hover over them at night.

acanthoides CARDUUS foliis decurrentibus pinnatifidis mar-
3. gine fpinofis, calycibus aggregatis feflilibus fub-

cylindricis glabris. (Pet. herb, t, 21./. 3. Moris,
hiji.f. 7. /. 31./. 13.)
Grey welted Thiftle. Anglis.
Upon banks and in v/afte places near towns and
villages, o. VI. VII.

The ftalk is a yard high or more, but little branch'd,
widely wing'd, the wings fmuated and edg'd with..
prickles : the leaves are pinnatifid, woolly under-
neath, and nightly fo above, the lobes triangular,
G g 2 tiieif

452 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

their edges angular and prickly : the flowers are
of a pale red color, aimoil white, are feflile, and
grow a few here and there upon the ftalk, but
in clufters at the fummit : the calyces are acutely
conical before flowering, but cylindrical after-
wards : the fcalcs are lanceolate, quite fmooth,
a little reflex'd at the apex, and end with a fpine :
the down is fefllle, long and fimple.
The CARDUUS acanthoides^ of Linnaus^ is cer-
tainly a diff^erent plant from that which we have
here defcribed, as his fpecific difference and defcrip-
tion will by no means accord with ours ; but as
the fynonyms which he has cited under his C,
acanthoides^ belong to our plant, we have thought
proper to retain his trivial name^ and apply a new
fpecijjc difference.

crifpus 4. CARDUUS foliis decurrentibus finuatis, margine

fpinofis J floribus aggregatis terminalibus, fqua-

^^ mis inermibus fubanftatis patulis. Lin. fyjl. naL

p. 529. Sp. pi. 1150. (LoefeLPruff. 34. /. 5. Cer.

J em. 1173- f' I')

Thiftle upon Thiftle. Jnglis.
By way-fides and in wafte places. ©. VI. VII.
The ftallc-is green, three or four feet high, branch'd,
brittle, uninterruptedly winged throughout, the
wings being crifped or curled : the leaves are
foft and woolly underneath with green veins,
finuatcd or pinqatifid on the edges, the lobes
angular and prickly : the flowers are commonly
purple, and mofl: of them grow in clufters at

the

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 453
the top of the ftalk, upon woolly peduncles :
the calyx is about the fize of a hazel-nut : the
fcales are acute but not pungent, the inferior ones
recurv'd, the others ered.

C. foliis decurrentibus dentatis, margine fpinofis ;
floribus racemofis ere6lis pedunculis inermibus.
Sp. pi. 1151. KVet. herb. t. 21./. 4. Moris, hift.f.
7. /. 32./. 13. Gmdin. Fl. Sibir. II. p. SI- ^^^'

23-/- 2O

Marfti Thiftle. Anglis.

In moift meadows and Ihady places. %. VII.

The ftalk is fix feet high, furrow'd, having very
few leaves or branches, but defended everywhere
with numerous foliaceous prickly wings : the
leaves which are few, are green, a little downy
underneath, pinnatifid, the pmna; divided into
two fhort angular lobes, the nerves ending in
long prickles, and i\\z pimue terminating the leaf
much longer than the reft : the flowers are pur-
ple, and grow in clufters at the fummit of the
ftalk upon unarm'd peduncles, which clufters,
as they advance to maturity, open and become
a lax umbel : the calyces are vifcid, about half
an inch long, and one third of an inch thick,
and often a little woolly : the fcales are lanceo-
late, clofely imbricated, fucculent, rcddifli, tlie
outermoft recurv'd, patent, and terminated with
an innocent fpine, the innermoft pointed, but
without a fpine : the receptacle is letaccous, the
down feflile and plumofe.

G g J The

454 SYKGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS.

The tender llalk of this anci moft of the thirties
are efculent, being firft peel'd and boil'd, In
this manner the inhabitants of Smoland in Sweden,
as Linnaeus informs us, often eat them.

'*^ Foliis feffdibus.

marianuse CARDUUS foLis amplexicaulibus haftato-pin-
natifidis fpinofis ; calycibiis aphyllis, fpinls
canaliciilatis duplicato-fpinofis. Sp. pi. 115^.
{Ger. emac. ii§o. Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 30./. i. or-
dinis medii addextrajn. Blackwell t. 79.)

Milk Thiftle. Anglis.

Upon banks and wafte places about towns and vil-
lages, but probably only an outcaft of gardens.
Upon the caftle rock at Edinburgh. Dr. Farfons.
O. VII.

The leaves are large, fmooth, green, but reticulated
with" white nerves : one large ereft purple
flower terminates each branch : the peduncle is
almoft naked for fome didance under the flower:
the fcales of the calyK are terminated with an
oval appendage which is edged with fliarp fpines,
the extreme one of which is longefl: and very
fl:rong and pungent : the down wlvich crowns the
feeds is plum.ofe.

There is a variety of this, the leaves of v/hich are
defliitute of white veins.

The tender leaves ftrip'd of their fpines, are by
fome boil'd and eaten as garden- fl:ufi\

An

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 455

An emulfion of the feeds has fometimes been us'd
to thin the blood, and to cure ftiches and pleu-
rifies, but at prefent is rarely pra6tis'd.

CARDUUS foliis feffilibus bifariam pinnatifidis,
laciniis alternis ereftis, calycibus globofis villofis.
Sp.pL 1153. (Ger. em. 1152. /. 6. Pet. herb. t.
i\.f. 8. Miller, icon. 293. bona.)

Woolly 'headed Thiftle. Anglis.

By the fea fide between Blacknefs and the ^mn's-
Ferry., according to Sibbald? i . VII.

The ftalk is four or five feet high, ftrong, rough,
furrow'd and branched : the lower leaves which
fpread on the ground are often two feet long :
they are green and rough on the upper fide, but
white and woolly underneath, and have a leafy
border running along the middle rib : the
fegments of the leaves point alternately upwards
and downwards, and are divided into two lobes,
the nerve of one of them ending in a ftrong fharp
fpine, the other long and lanceolate : the branches
are terminated with large fphserical heads of pur-
ple flowers : the fcales of the calyx are lanceolate,
ereft, terminated with a yellow fpine, and arc
curioufly interwoven with a fine cobweb down :
the feeds are white, nearly oval, comprefled, ob-
liquely truncated, and crown'd svith a plumofe

down.
This is one of the moft elegant plants of the p-o/n/J.
The receptacles are pulpous and efculent, lu<.e

thofe of the artichoke.

CARDUUS

456 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS.

CARDUUS foliis amplexicaulibus lanceolatis cili-
atis integris laciniatifque, caulc fubunifloro, ca-
lyce inermi. Sp. pi. 1154. {Pet. herb, t. 22. /. i.
Ger. em. 1183. /. 5. i^ jig. Cirfd anglici Loheliu
Moris, hijf.f. 7. /. 29./. 13 ^ 12. i^ fortaffe 11)

Soft or gentle Thiftle. Anglis.

In low marfhy paftures and by the fides of lakes,
but not common. We obferv'd it in the ifland
of IJla. %. VII.

The root is fibrous, creeping, and fometimes tu-
berous : the ftalk is eredt, from fix to twenty-
four inches high, fingle, and covered with white
woolly down : the radical leaves are acutely el-
liptical, about three or four in number, fome-
times intire on the edges, fometimes pinnatifid,
particularly near the bafe, with fhort kgments,
always white and woolly underneath, and fome-
times {lightly fo above, and ciliated on the edges
with fmall mnocent prickles : the ftalk has ge-
nerally one or two leaves upon it near the root,
which embrace it at the bafe, but without auri-
cles : bcfides thefe there is a lanceolate rudimen-
tal leaf or braSledSLf placed about the middle of
the ftalk : one large head of purple ftpwers ter-
minates the ftalk, and fometimes another arifes
upon a peduncle a little below it : the head of
the flowers is an inch long, and three quarters of
an Inch wide : the fcales of the calyx are lanceo-
late, erefl, a little woolly, of a dull purple co-
lor on the back and at the fummits, pointed,
but not pungent : the ftyles are longer than the
mthera : the down on the feeds plumole.

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA ^QIJALIS. 457
This is the fame plant with the Circium Anglutm I.
Roj. Synop. p. 193. and which Mr. Hua/on in his
Flor. Anglic, has by miftake called Carduus
dijfc5tus. Lin.
heknioides CARDUUS foliis ampkxicaulibus lanceolatis den-
^* tatis ; fpinulis in?equalibus ciliatis, caule inermi.

Sp.pl. 1155. {Clus. hijl. 2. p. 148. Qr^um angii-
cum 2. Ger. efn. 1183. Cirfn anglki alia icon Pennei
Miller, ic. 94. Haller^ hifi. Helv. n. 180. /. -. opt.')
Melancholy Thiftle. Anglis.
Cluas-an-fheidh. Gatdis.

By the fides of rivulets in high ground in Breadal-
bane^ AthoU and all parts of the inland high-
lands not unfrequent. We obftrv'd it near the
foot of Ben-huarddl,m the \i\toi Sky e. if .VH.VIII.
The ftalk is five or fix feet high, angular, hollow,
a little v/ooUy, hardly at all branched, but fur
nilhed with many leaves from the bottom almoft
to the top : the radical leaves are of a lon» el-
liptic form, and are fupportcd by footflalks : the
ftalk-leaves are fcffile and heart fhap'd at the
bafe, where they embrace the ftalk, but are {tvtn
or eight inches long, and lanceolate upwards :
they are all intire white and hoary underneath,
but green above, finely dented on the edges,
and ciliated wich harmlels prickles : the bra5fe^
or floral leaves near the fummit of the ftalk are
fubulaie : the flower is large, ere6l, purple, and
fpecious, an inch and half long, and near two
inches in diameter when full blown, and termi-
nates the ftalk : one and fometimes two more
flowers grow below it on long peduncles arifing

from

45^ SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUAL^S.

from the aU of the leaves : the fcales of the
calyx are lanceolate, cred, acute, but not pun-
gent, and of a dull purple color : the ftyles are
much longer than the aniher<£ -, and the down
of the feeds is plumofe.
A variety of this fometimes occurs, having leaves
near their fummits pinnatifid, as figur'd in Oe-
^^er's Fl. Dan. tab 109.

CARDUUS acaulis calyce glabro. Sp. pi 1156.
(Ger. em. 1158./. 3. Vet. herb. /. 21./. 6. Moris,
hijl.f. 7. /. 32./. 22.)

Dwarf Carline Thiftle. Anglis,

In dry paftures, but not common. %* VII.

The leaves lie clofe to the ground round the root,
fo as to occupy a circle of a foot or more in dia-
meter, upon which fpace no other plants or
hcibage can grow. They are therefore very
detrimental to paftures. Thefe leaves are pin-
natifid, their fegments angular, divided into two
or three lobes, which are edged with ftrong
fpincs • one head of purple flowers, and fome-
times more, ftands in the centre of the leaves up-
on a ftalk hardly an inch high : the fcales of the
calyx are fmooth, flat, and acute, but not pun-
gent : the down of the feeds is plumofe, and an
inch lono; ; the feeds not above i-6th of an inch.

•&

ONOPORDUM. Gen. pi 927.
Recept. favofum. Cal fquam^ mucronat^e.

ONOPORDUM

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA iEQUALIS. 459

acanthhim ONOPORDUM calycibus fquaro^fis, fquamis pa-

'• tentibus i foliis ovato-oblongis finuatis. Lin fyji.

nat.p. 531. S-p. pi. 11^,8. {Ger. em. 1149. /. i.

Moris, hijl.f. 7. /. 30./. 1. fuperioris <^ medii or-

dinis. Loes. FL Prujf. p. 261. icon. Si.)

Cotton Thiftle. Angiis.

In wafte places near towns and villages, as 2itWeems
on the coaft of Fifc^ and half a mile beyond
Prejlon-Pans, he. $ . VIII.
The ftalk is fix feet high, branched, and wing*d
throughout from the bafe to the calyx : the ftalk
and leaves are fometimes cover'd all over with a
white cotton down, fo as to appear quite hoary •
at other times this dov/ny covering is flight, and
then they put on a pallid green color : the leaves
are felTile, decurrent, of an oval-JanceoIateTorm,
finuated with triangular dents, each angle endinp
with a ftrong fpine : the heads of flowers are vio-
let-color'd, and terminate the branches : thefcales
of the calyx ftand open, and end in a fharp fpine :
the receptacle is pierc'd with quadrangular cells
which receive the ktdi^, crown'd with fefljle ca-
pillary down.
Tlie receptacles of the flowers, and the tender
flralks pecl'd and boild, may be eaten in the fame
manner as artichokes and cardoons.
I A decodtion of the root is x-eckoned a fpecific in a

|P recent Gonorrhea, according to Scopo/i. Flor. Car-

niol. 10 1 3,

CARLINA.

46o SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMI A JEQUALIS.

CARLINA. Gen. pL 929.
Cal. radiatus fquamis marginalibus longis, coloratls.
vulgaris I. CARLINA caule multifloro corymbofo floribus
terminalibiis, calycis radio albo. Lin.fyjl. nat. p.
532. Sp. pi. 1 1 61. {Ger. em. 1159./. ^-^
Common CarlineThiillc. Anglis.
In dry hilly paftures, but not very common. ^ .
VII.

I'he ftalk is about a foot high, eredt, purple, an-
gular, a little woolly, furnifhed with many leaves,
and branched at top : the leaves are woolly un-
derneath, and pinnatifid, with fhort angular
plaited fegments, terminated with fharp yellow
fpines : the upper leaves at the bafe of the r.alyx
are lanceolate and dented on the edges, the dents
ending each in two rigid fpines : the flowers ge-
nerally crown the ftalk in an umbel, but fome-
times it bears only one or two flowers : the inferior
fcales of the caJyx refemble the upper leaves of
the ftalk : the fticceeding ones are edged with
branched fpines, purple at the bafe, but yellow
at the points : the interior ones are long and lan-
ceolate, dry and ftiining, ftraw-color'd on the
infide, but fufcous on the outfide at the bafe,
and fpread like rays in a circle round the difc :
t!ie florets are all hermaphrodite, tubular, di-
vided into 5 dents, and of a dark red or pur-
ple color at the rim : the receptacle is befet with
k'taceous chaft' or p^tf : the down of the feeds

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS. 461
is feflile and plumofe, and confifts of eleven or
twelve branched rays.
The dry ftalk and calyces of this plant often con-
tinue Handing for a whole year after the feeds
have ripened, a milerably looking fkeleton ! Lin.
FL Suec,

BIDENS. Gen. pi. 932.
Difcoide^.

Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariftis eredis, fcabris.
Cal. imbricatus. Cor. rarlus flofculo uno alterne
radiante inftruitur.
tripartita 1 BIDENS foliis trifidis, calycibus fubfoliofis, femi-
nibus eredlis. Sp. pL 1165. {Ger. em. Jii.f. i.
Loes. FL PruJ. p. 53. /. 10. Moris, hiji. f. 6.t. ^.
/. 20. Pet. herb. t. 20./. 7.)

Trifid Water-hemp-agrimony, or Bur-marygold.
Anglis.

By the fides of rivulets, ditches and lakes frequent.
O. VIU.

The flaik is two feet high, and branched : the
leaves are divided into three and often five lan-
ceolate ferrated lobes : the upper leaves are fmir
pie and oval4anceolate : the heads of flowers
terminate the branches, and grow credl : under
the calyx is a circle of green ciliated leaves : the
fcales of the calyx are oval, obtufe, erecl, of a
green color, ftrcaked with black, and loofely
imbricated : the interior ones have yellow mar-
gins, and approach to the nature of the florets :

the

462 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMlA .^QUALIS.

the florets are yellow and tubular, and are fome-
times, but not always, furrounded with femiflof.
culous rays : the receptacle has chaffy fcales be-
tween the florets : the leeds are flattifh and an-
gular, and have two beards arifing from the an^
gles, which are hooked or barbed downwards,
and generally another fliorter beard, which arifes
from the middle of the back of the feed.

As this plant is found by a chemical analyfis to pof-
iefs much the fame qualities as the celebrated
V£RBESINA Acmella^ a plant belonging to a
_genus very nearly related to this, it is probable
it would have the iame good effcdls in expelling
the Itone and gravel.

A decodion of this plant with alum, dyes yarn with
a yellow color. The yarn mufl: be firft fteep'd in
alum-water, then dry'd and'fl:eep'd in a decoc-
tion of the plant, and afterwards boil'd in the
decoftion.

The feeds have been knov/n fometimes to deftroy
the CYPRINUS ^«r^/f/j, or gold JjJIj, by adher-
ing to their gills and jaws.

ernua 2. EIDENS foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus, floribus
cernuls, feminibus ereftis. Sp. pi, 1165. {Loes.
Fl. Pruf p. 54. /. 1 1. Moris, hijl. f. 6. /. 5. /.
22. Pet. herb. t. 20./. 6)
Nodding Water-liemp-agrimony, or Bur-marygold,
AngUs.

In

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA TEQUALIS. 463

In marfhy places, and by the fides of lakes. Dr.
Parfons. o. VIII.

The whole plant is fmooth, a cubit high, and
branched : the leaves are lanceolate, fcrratcd,
oppofite to each other, feffile, and coalefcent at:
the bale : the flowers grow fingly at the tops of
the branches, and after fhedding their feminal
powder, hang down their heads : the lower fcales
of the calyx are foliaceous ; the flowers are yel-
low, and fometimes radiated, but not often ; the
feed is quadrangular, and has four beards, two of
which are longer than the others.

minima^. A fmall variety o^.tjiis fometimes occurs, from
three to fix incheSj^vhich fome authors have made
a diftincl fpecies, becaufe the heads of flowers
arc erecb. But this is not always the cafe, for wc
have often feen them nod, and are therefore
fully perfuaded that it is either an autumnal
feedling, produced from an early plant of the
preceding, with which it grows promifcuoufly,
or elfe is rendered dwarfifli by fome accidents of
growth. (See the figures of it in Ray's Synops
p. 188. /. y.f. i.^Oed. Fl, Dan. t. 312.)
This has nearly the fame virtues with the preced-
ing, but rather in an inferior degree. It alio
dyes yellow.

EUPATORIUM. Get?, pi, 955.

Recept. nudum. Fappus plumofus. Cal. imbricatus

oblongus. Stylus femibifidus, longus.

EUPATORIUM

464 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA -EQUALIS. J

cannabimm EUPATORIUM folils digitatis. Spx pi. 11 73-; "

'• {Ger, em. 711./. 2. Moris, hift. f. 7. /. 13. /. i.

Blackwell i. no.)

Hemp-agrimony, Dutch-agrimony. Angiis.

On the banks of rivers and lakes noc unfrequent.
In Clifton-Ings, and among the rocks below
Kinghorne. Dr. Farfons. %. VIII.

The Iflalks are hairy, quadrangular, and fror»
three to fix feet high : the leaves are hairy, op-
pofite, ternate, the lobes ferrated, the middle
one oval-lanceolate, and much larger than the
others. In fome the lateial lobes are wanting,
or elfe are very fmall. The flowers are of a^
pale red or purple color, and grow in thick
umbels at the top of the branches : the fcales
of the calyx are of unequal fize, not above ten
in number, and red on the margins : the florets
are all hermaphrodite and tubular, longer than
the calyx^ and five in each : the feed is black,
pyramidal, and crown'd with down, which is
very flightly plumofe.

The plant has a very bitter tafl:e. A deco6tion of
the roots operates as a violent emetic and cathar-
tic, and is fomeiimes taken by the lower clafs j
of people to cure the jaundice, dropfy, and ca- (
cl;exy, but is a rough medicine, and ought to
be ufed v^ith caution. The great Boerhave made
ufc of an infufion of this plant to foment ulcers
and putrid fores. Tourmfort informs us, that
the Turks cure the fcurvy with it. An ounce of
the j'jice, or a dram of the cxtra<5l is a dofe.

POLYGAMIA

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 465

POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

* Difcoidea,

TANACETUM. Gen. pL 944.

Recept. nudum. Pappus lubmarginatus. Cal. imbri-

catuSjhemifphsricus. CorolluJa radii obfoletas, 3-fid3e.

TANACETUM foliis bipinnatis incifis ferrratis.
cip. pi. 1 1 84. {Ger. em. 650. /. i. Pet. herb. t.
20. f. g. Moris, hijl.f. 6. /. i. fig. prima. GmelJA*
BL Sibir. II. p. 133./. 65./. i. Blactuuell. i.
464. optima.)

Common Tanfy. AngUs.

On the borders of fields, and on dry banks, bun
not very common. We obferv'd plenty of it
about IVark and Ford-Cajlie^ not far from Kelfo,
on the borders of Scotland, and by the fide of
Gare-Loch, on the weftern coaft of Rojs-Jloire.,
Dr. Parfons likewife found it in the den of Be-
thaick, and Mr. Stuart in Breadalbane. U. VIII.

The ilalk is three or four feet high, ered, ftiff and
branched. The flowers are yellow, and te/minate
the branches in flat umbels : the calyx is imbri-
cated with many compact feries of acute fcales :
the compound flower appears to be deftitute of
rays, but upon a clofer examination it will be
found to have leveral fliort female trifid florets in
the rim.

It has a bitter taile, and aromatic fmell. It is

efleemed good to warm an.d llrengthen the fto-

n h mach.

466 SYNGENESIA: PCLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

mach, for which reafon the young leaves in the
fpring have receiv'd a place among the culinary
herbs, their juice being an ingredient in puddings,
tanfies, and other dainties- It is rarely ufed in
medicine, tho' extoll'd as a good emmanagogue.
A drachm of the dry'd flowers has been found
very beneficial in hyfterics arifing from fuppref-
fions. The feeds and leaves were formerly in
confiderable efteem for deftroying worms in chil-
dren, and are reckon'd good in colics and flatu-
lencies. In ibm.e parts of Sweden and Lapland
a bath with a decoftion of this plant is made
life of to afl^ift in parturition,

ARTEMISIA. Gen. pL 945.
RecepL fubvillofum vel nudiufculum. Pappus nu!-
lus. Cal. imbricatus fquamis rotundatis, conni-
ventibus. Cor. in ambitu feminre, oblblctas, Ion-
go flyio donatse.

"^ Frocumbentes ante florefcentiam.
maritima i. ARTEMISIA foliis multipartitis tomentofis, race-
mis ccrnuis, fiofculis feminfeis ternis. Sp. pi.
1 1 86. (Ger. em. 1099./. i. Moris, hijl. f. 6. /. 2.
/. I 9 £5^ 20)
Sea V/ormwood. Jn^lis.

o

Upon the fca-fliores, but not very common, as up-
on the coait by Guillon-Loch. Dr. Parjons. %.
IX.

The root and bafe of the llalks are of a tough
woody texture, and the whole plant cover'd with

a white

5YNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 467
a white cotton down: the flowers grow in com-
pound nodding fplkes, each having three female
florets in the rim : the receptacle is naked.
The plant has a fl:rong fcent of marum or cam-
phor.

** EreEiie herhacea, foliis comtofitls.

ARTEMISIA foliis compofitis multifidis, floribus
fubglobofis pendulis ^ receptaculo villolb. ^p. pi.
1188. (Ger. em. 1096. /. i. FeL herb. t. 20./. i.
Moris, hiji.f. 6. t. i.f.i. ordinis infer lor is. Gme~
lin.Sibir. II. p. 129. /. 63. Blackwell. t. 16.;
Common Wormwood. AngUs.
In wafle places, and by way-fldes, as about Aher-
lady^ and the Slueen's-Ferry^ &:c. Dr. Parfom.
li.VlU.
The ftalk is two feet high, angular and branch'd :
the leaves are of a hoary green on the upper
fide, and cover'd with a white fatin down un-
derneath, are foft to the touch, and pinnated :
the primary pinn^ are divided into two lobes, the
fecondary are bifid, trifid, quadrifid, and even
pinnatind, the extreme fegments being obtufely
lanceolate : the flowers are yellow, pendulous,
and grow fix or feven in a fpike at the fummits
of the branches, all leaning on the fame fide,
and one only on a peduncle, which peduncle is
longer than the calyx., but fliorter than the fub-
tending leaf: the fcales of the calyx are fmooth,
five in number, the exterior ones longefi: and
H h 2 narrowelt.

468 SYNGENE3IA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

narroweft, the interior ones oval : the receptacle
has white down/ hairs, and contains fifty florets
or more, ot which thofe in the rim are female.
It has a ftrong aromatic fmell and very bitter tafte,-
and is highly commended for its medicinal vir-
tues. It ftrengthens the ftomach, removes ob-
ilrudions of the liver and fpleen, creates an ap-
petite and deftroys worms. Haller affirms, from
his own experience, that from a long ufe of it he
has kept off the gout. The forms in which it
is ufed are either in a fpirit, in juice, an oil, an ex-
tract, or a fait. The fixed fait is purely alcaline,
and well-known as a famous febrifuge and fto-
machic.
In fome parts of England the plant is ufed inftead

of hops to brew ale with.
The fait of it, or indeed any other aikrdi put into

four beer, inftantly cures its acidity
Sheep by eating it have their flefli rendered bitter,
and cows their milk, but horfes are faid to have
been killed by it.
Scopcli affirms, that the fmell of it will drive away
ants.

vulgaris ". ARTEMISIA foliis pinnatifidis, planis, incifis,
fubtus tomcntofis ; racemis fimplicibus recurva-
tis ', floribus ovatis •, radio quinquefloro. Sp. pi.
1188. (Ger. em. 1103./. i. Moris, hijl. f. 6. /. i.
/. I . medii ordinis ad dexiram. Black'well t, ^i\)
Mug wort. Anglis,

TUe

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 4^9

An llath-lus. Gaitlis.

In wafte places and in cultivated grounds frequent.
If. VIII.

The flalk is erecl, three or four feet high, fome-
times red and fometimes green : the leaves are
green above, but white and hoary underneath,
pinnatifid, the fegments lanceolate, oppofite,
acutely dented, the extreme one flighcly divided
into three lobes : the upper leaves are linear and
undivided : the flowers are felTile numerous, erect,
and grow in fpikes compounded of many lefler
fpicuU ariiing from the al^ of the leaves : the
fcales of the calyx are covered with a cotton down :
the florets are red, and about 1 3 in a cahx : the
receptacle is flat and fmooth.

An infufion of this plant in white v/ine, or a bath
made of it, has always been efteemed an em-
menagogue, and ufeful in difficult parturition.

The Japonefe moxa formerly much uled in caute-
ries for curing the gout, is no other than a fpongy
inflammable fubfliance prepar'd from the medulla
of the flalk of this plant.

The leaves when young and tender are frequently
made ufe of by the highlanders as a pot-herb.

The country people in Sweden drink a decoction
of them for the ague.

GNAPHALiUM. Gen. pi 946,
Recept. nudum. Prippusplumo^us. Cal imbricatus-,
M h n ibuan-iis

470 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

fquamis marginalibns rotundatis, fcariofis, colo-
ratis.

* Argyrocom£ calycihus albis.

diokum i. GNAPHALIUM farmentis procumbentibus, caule
fimpliciffimo, corymbo fimplici, floribus divifis.
hin. fyji. nat. p. 545. floribus dioicis Sp. -pi. f.
1199. (Ger. em. 640. /. 4, 5, ^ 641./. 6. Pet.
herb. t. iS.f. 4. Moi'is. hiji. f. 7. t. ii.fig.fecun-
da ordinis inferioris.)
Mountain Cudweed or Cat's-Foot. Angl'ts.
It is frequent ia dry barren grounds both in the
highlands and lowlands, as on the hills about
Arthur's' Seat at Edinburgh^ Szc. 1;. VI.
The root throws off many trailing fhoots, but the
flowering Hulks are ereft, three or four inches
high, unbranched, and terminated with a clufter
of white or red flowers ; the radical leaves are
fpoon-fliap'd, or oval and widefl: at the extremity,
and narrow and linear towards the bafe, green
on the upper fide, but white and hoary under-
neath : the ftalk is woolly, and the leaves upon
it felTile and lanceolate: the flowers are female
/7i one plant, and hermaphrodite on another: the
cnlyx of the female flowers is nearly cylindrical,
of the hermaphrodite roundifh : the fcales are
dry obtufe and generally white, but in the her-
maphrodite flowers are often of a bright red.

dpnum 2 . GNAPHALIUiM farmentis procumbentibus, caule
fimpliciflimo, capirulo terminal! aphyllo, floribus

oblongis ?

^L,^ Oi<fy?/M^ ^>/

r///?/ /VrW/??^. P. 4-7/-

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMTA SUPERFLUA. 471

oblongis ? Sp.pl. 1199. Haller. hiji. JUrp. Helvet.
n. 149. (ScopoL Flcr. Carniol. n. 1048.^. 57. noftrd;
plants fimillima^ fed radix abfque Jarmentis. Oed.
Dan. t. 332. non male reprefentat, fed Folium in
nofira planta flori fdhjicitur. vid^f.g. noft.)

Alpine Cudweed. Anglis.

Upon the tops of the highland mountains not un-
frequent, as on Creg-chaillcch^ near Finlarig^ in
Breadalbane, upon Mal-ghyrdy^ and upon the
mountains of Glenlyon^ Glenurchyy and Glenco, &c.
Mr. StuarL if. VIII.

The root throws off feveral flioots, confifting of
tufts of narrow linear leaves one third of an inch
long, the flowering flalk is ercd:> three inches
high, covered with a white cotton fubftance, and
furniilied with three or four leaves fimilar to
thofe of the flioots, but rather longer : three or
four flowers grow near the top of the flalk in
the manner of a fpike, one only from the aU
of each leave, fometimes feffile, and fometimes
fupportedon a fhort peduncle : the calyx is near-
ly cylindrical, the fcales acutely oval, a little downy
at the bafe, the apex and margins dry, pellucid
and fufcous : the florets are mollly female, but a
few in the centre of the difc are fufcous and her-
maphrodite!

The calyx in this fpecies is extremely like that in
the following, but the habit of the plant is to-
tally different.

** Filaginoidea caJycibtis cinereis.

GNAPHALIUM ca;ile herbaceo fimpliciffimo

credo^

472 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

eredo, floribus fparfis. Lin.fyji. nat.p. 545. Sp,

pi 1200. {Ger. em. 639./. i. Pet. herb. t. 18./.

6. Moris, hiji.f 7. t.ii.f.i. Scopol. FL Carniol

n. 1046. t. ^6. Oed. Dan. t. 254)
Spiked upright Cudweed. AngUs.
We obferv'd it upon dry paftures in the highlands

frequently. It grows likewlfe in woods and

thickets. $ ? VIII.

Several ftalks generally arife from the fame root,
but fometimes only one, eredl, unbranched, ten
or twelve inches high, covered with a white cot-
ton down, befet the whole length with long, li-
near, acute leaves, greenifli and downy on the
upper fide, but white and hoary underneath,
growing alternately one above another, and
Ihorter by degrees towards the top of the ftalk.

The flowers grow in one common, long, thick
fpike, compounded of numerous oihzv f pic uU^
arifing from the aU of the leaves, and bearing
each from one to three, four, or more fiov/crs :
the calyx is nearly cylindrical, the icales ellipti-
cal, green at the bale, fufcous towards the apex,
pellucid and Ihining on the border : the florets
are yellowifli, extremely fine and flender, mofl: of
them female, but a few hermaphrodite ones in
the centre of the difc.
There is a variety of this plant which fometimes oc-
curs upon the higM'^md mountains, having wider
leaves, and a ihort cluilered fpike of black
flowers.

GNAPHALIUM

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 473

iiliginofum^ GNAPHALIUM caule herbaceo ramofo diffufo,
floribus confertis terminalibus. Lin, fyjl. nat.
p. 545, Sp. pi I2CG. (Pet. herb. t. I'd.f. 7. Ger,
em. 6^g.f. 2. Moris, hift.f.y.t. 11. /. 14. or di-
ms fuperioris ad dexiram.)

Black-headed Cudweed. Anglis.

In damp foils, and where water has fcood in the
winter, frequent. O, VIII. IX.

The flalk is widely branched, the branches pro-
cumbent, white, and hoary : the leaves are li-
near, wideft towards the extremity, and covered
with a cotton down, efpecially on the under fide :
the flowers are very fmall, feflile, and grow in
clullers at the fummits of the branches, imbed-
ded in down amongil the leaves : the fcales of
the calyx are of a dark fhining fufcous color, in
the younger ones yellowifh : the central florets
are hermaphrodite, and ftreak'd with yellow
lines j the female ones are extremely fine and
llender.

CONYZA. Gen. pi. 950.
Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Calyx imbricatus,

fubrotundus. Cor. radii trifldi.
CONYZA foliis lanceolatis acutis, caule herbaceo

Jquarrofai. ^ ,. i-ur r r- rn

■^^ •' corvmbofo, calycibus Iquarrolis. Lm.Jyp. riat. />.

547- Sp^P^- '-05- (^^^- ^'''''" 792- ^^'' {^^''^-i- i^"«
/. I. Moris, hiji.f. 7. /. 19./. 2 3. J

Plowman's Spikenard. Anglis.

In

474 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

in dry mountainous foils, but rare. We have Dr.
Par/en's authority for inferting this plant as a na-
tive, who believes that he gathered it near Blairy
in Atkol. $ . VIII.

The fcalk is two or three feet high, erect, firm and
branch'd : the leaves are foft and hairy, a little
hoary underneath, of an oval-lanceolate form,
nightly ferrated on the edges : the flowers are
yellow, and grow in loofe umbels at the tops of
the branches : the calyx is nearly cylindrical : the
fcales are oval-lanceolate, the inferior ones largeil
and almoft all green, the others yellowifli, v/ith
green patent apices : the difc has many fine flender
female florets in the rim, and yellow hermaphro-
dite ones in the centre.

The plant lias an aromatic fmell.

*■* Radiati.

ERIGERON. Gen. pi 951.
Recept. nudum. Pa-ppus pilofus. Cor. radii lineares,

anguibflimn?.
ERIGERON pedunculis alternis unifloris. Sp. pi.
121 1. {Ger. emac. 484. /. 10. Pet. herb, t.^ 16./.
4. Moris, hijf. f. 7. /. 20./. 2^. fed vitiofe quoni-
am caulis £5? folia glabra funt exprejfa. Column,
ecph. 2. p. 25. /. iG)
Blue Fleabane. /mglis.

In dry mountainous paflures frequent. '^. VIII.
The root is fibrous and acrid : the flalk a foot high,
rough and hairy, branched near the top with al-

rernare

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 475

ternate peduncles, bearing each a fingle flower :
the leaves are a little hairy, often undulated on
the edges, of a narrow lanceolate form, and
grow alternate on the ftalk : the fcales of the
calyx are linear and downy : the dilc of the
flower is yellow •, but the florets which compofe
the rays are bluifn or flelli-color'd, very narrow
or filiform, ereft, bind, and about forty in num-
ber.

TUSSILAGO. Gen. pi. <^f,2.
Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Cal. fquam^
asquales, difcum :Equantes, lubmembranace^.
farfara i. TUSSILLAGO fcapo unifloro imbricato, foliis
fubcordatis angulatis denticulatis. 6^;. /;/. 1214.
(Ger. em, 8u./. 1. Fet. herb. t. i-],/. 7. 8. Moris.
htfi.f. 7. /. 12./. I. crdinis fuperioris. Blackivell
t. 204 )
Common Colt's-Foot. Anilis.
An gaHan gainbhich, Chluasliath. Gaulis.
In moifi: and clayey foils frequent, as on the banlis
of the water of Leitk., dzc. V-. III. IV.

The floral fl:alk comes up before the leaves, is
about fix inches high, befet with many fcales,
and bears a fingle yellow radiated flower at the
top: the leaves are white and hoary underneath :
th^ calyx confifts of one feries of narrow lanceo-
late fcales, all equal : the female florets which
compofe the rays are numerous, ver) narrow,
and intire : the flowers nod before tlie burfl:ino-

of

476 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

of the antbet'ce, but are afterwards ered : from
the tine of flowering to the ripening of the feeds
is about 1 8 days.

The leaves fmoak'd in the nianncr of tobacco, or
a fyrup or decodion of them and the flowers.
Hand recommended in coughs and other difor-
ders of the breaft and lungs. Pradice, however,
feems almoft to have rejeded it.

A kind of tinder or touchwood is in fome countries
made of the roots, or the downy fubftance which
adheres to them.

TUSSILAGO thyrfo oblongo, flofculis femineis
nudis plurimis. Sp.pl. 1214. (Dillen. Hort. El-
tham. 309. t. 230./. 297J

Long-fl;alk'd Butter- bur. Jnglis.

By river fides, but not very common. We obferv'd
plenty of it on the banks of the river EJk^ on the
borders of Annandale, near Netherhy. 'U. IV. V.

The floral fl:alk is a cubit high, unbranched, fcaly,
and purplifh : the flowers are numerous, fmall,
pale purple, or whitifli, without rays, and grow
in a long conic fpike ; tlie peduncles are two
inches long, branch'd, and bear each feveral
flov/ers wliicli are often pendulous by reafon of
the (lengrh of r!ic peduncles : the calyx confifls
of one feries of oval-lanceolate fcales : the flo-
rets are all female except one or two which are
hermaphrodite : the down is longer than the caly:<
pven in the young flowers : the leaves come up

afu-r

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERALUA. 477

after the floral ftalks in the month of May\ of a
rounded cordate form, very large, often two feet
\inde, dented on the margin, woolly underneath,
and fupported on footftalks.

'/Itcs 3. TUSSILAGO thyrfo ovato, flofculis femineis nu-
dis paucis. Syjl. nat. p. 550. Sp. pi. 1215. {Ger.
em. 814./^. I, 2. Meris. hiji.f. y.t. \i. f. i. or-
djnis fuperioris ad dexiram. Pet. herb. t. i^.f. fi,
12. H. Aichjiatt hyhern. tab. 5./. i, Blackwell /.
222.J

Common Butter-bur. Anglis.

An gall an mor. GauUs.

In wet meadows and by river fides frequent, as by
the new well at Leith, &c. "ii. IV. V.

The floral fl:alk is 10 or 12 inches high, terminat-
ed with a thick oval fpike of purplifli flowers,
much larger than thofe of the preceding fpecies,
but much fewer in number : the peduncles are
Ihort and Ample, and generally bear only a fingle
flower : the calyx is bell-fliap'd or inverfely co-
nical, and confifl:s of four feries of reddiih lan-
ceolate fcales : the florets are almoft all of them
hermaphrodite, but fometimes a few female ones
are found in the rim In other refpefts it ao-rees
with the preceding.

The leaves of thefe are the largefl: of any native
plant in Great- Britain, and in heavy rains are
frequently obferv'd to afibrd a feafonable flielter
to poultry and other fmall animals.

The

478 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

The root dug up in the fpring is refinous, and
aromatic. A drachm of it ^^ a dofe has been
fometimes given as a fudorific^alexipharmic, but
as it pofleffes thofe virtues but in a linall degree,
it has loft its reputation in the fliops.

SENECIO. Gen. pi. 953.

Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Cal. cylindricus,
calyculatus; jquamis apice fphacelatis.

* Florihus jlofculofis.

mlgaris i. SENECIO corollis nudis, foliis pinnato-finuatis
amplexicaulibus, floribus fparfis. Sp. pi. J2i6,
{Ger.em. 278. /. 1. Blackwell /. 132. Oed. Dan.
513. opt.)
Common Groundfcl. AngUs.
Am bualan. Gaulis.

In gardens and wafte grounds common. O. IV- IX.
The ftalk is ereft, angular, branch'd, a foot high,
thick, and fucculent : the leaves are numerous,
sreen, flightly cover'd with a cobweb down, fdiC
file and wide at the bafe, pinnatifid, the feg-
ments and infterfticcs ferratcd : the flowers grov\r
in cluilcrs at the fummits of the branches, yel-
low, and without rays : the calyx confifts of one
one feries of linear acute fcales with black apices :
at the bale of the talyx are feveral (hort fupple-
mentary leaks, which have alfo black lummits :
the feeds arc of a long elliptic form, and fur-
row'd.

The

'SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 479
The plant lives about three months. From the
burfting of the anthera to the perfeding the feeds
takes up 1 8 days : all the flowers which termi-
nate the principal ftalk ripen their feeds in itvtn
weeks ; after which thofe of the branches pro-
ceed to the ftme operation : the calyces nod after
the anther j€ are burft till the feeds are ripe.
A ftrong infufion of this plant afts as an emetic.
The highlanders ufe it externally in cataplafms
as a cooler, and to bring on fuppurations. Finches
and other fmall birds are fond of the feeds.

** Fioribus radiatis, radio reijoluto.

>ifcofus 2. SENECIO corollis revolutis, foliis pinnatifidis vif-
cidis, fcjuamis calycinis laxis longitudine perlan-
thii. Sp. fL 1 217. {'Dillen. Ekham. 347. t. 2^8
/• 336)

Vifcid Groundfcl. ^nglis.

In wafte places near towns and villages, as cL*: Levcft
on the coail of Fife, near the falt-works, and at
Dyfarl by the peer, and at Charles-Town, the
great lime-works of Lord Elgin, in plenty, o
VIII.

1 he ftalk is two or three feet high, widely branched,
and together with the whole plant covered with
vifcid hairs : the flowers are yellow, much laro-er
than thofe of the preceding, and grow in loofe
umbels, two or three on a peduncle. The calyces
are vifcid,. the fupplementary fcales at the bafe
lax and hairy, and fometimes almoft as long as

the

48o SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

the primary calyx : the flower is radifated,
rays revolute and tridental the fummits.

fylvattciis 3 s. corollis revolutis, foliis pinnatifidis denticulatis,
caule corymbofo ere(5lo. Sp. pi. my. (Dillen.
Eltham. 258. /. 258./. 337. Ger. cm. 278. /. 2.
non male reprefentat.)

Small-fiower'd Groundfel. Scented Cotton Ground-
fel. Jnglis.

In dry upland foils, upon banks and mounds of
earth, &c. O. VII. / . '

The flalk is three or four feet, ered and branched :
the leaves are foft, downy and ftrongly fcented ;
they are pinnatifid, and their fegments alternately
great iind fmall : the flowers are numerous, fmal-
ler even than thofe of the firfl: fpecics, and grow
in umbels : the calyx is fmooth, and fliap'd like
a truncated cone, having a fmall flightly-hairy
ligament or braciea near the bafe : the flowers
are yellow and radiated -, the rays very fhort
and revolute.

*** Florilus radiatis^ 7'adio paienie, foliis pinnati-
fidis.

SENECIO corollis radiantibus, foliis pinnato-lyra-
tis •, kciniis lacinuUuis, caule ercdlo. Sp. pL
12 ic. {Ger. emac. 280./. i. Vet. herb. t. ly.f. i,
MoHsJAJl.f. 7. /. iH./. i)

Common Ragwort, jinglis.

In paftures and by way-fides frequent, '^ . VII.

VIII.

ihe

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 4«i

The ftalk is two or three feet high, ftriated, erect,
and branched : the leaves are generally green,
without any down or hoarinefs j the radical ones
are pinnatifid at the bafe only, with a large, oval,
finrtated fegment at the extremity : thofe on the
ftalk are pinnatifid throughout, their legments
laciniated : the flowers grow in umbels, and are
yellow and radiated : the peduncles are generally
downy, the caiys Imooth, the fcales blackifli at
the tips i the rays patent, and about 1 2 in num-
ber: the hermaphrodite florets in the difc about
60.
^' The flowers are fometimes, but very rarely, feen

without rays.

aquaiicus y Another Angular variety of this plant, which
many authors confider as a diftinft fpecies, often
occurs in wet places, and by the fides of lakes.

The radical leaves of this (land on long footftalics,
are oval, and dented on the edges. Thofe f n
the lower part of the ftalk are pinnatifid at rhc
bafe, and terminated with a large oval dented
lobe : but the uppermoft of all are generally
pinnatifid to the end. The flowers are the fame
as in the tommon fort. Vid. fig. (Ger, em. 280.
/. 3, Pet. herb. t. 17, /. 2. Loefel Flor. Pruf, p.
129, /. tf. 35, bona.)

Water Ragwort. Anglis. 1;. VII. VIII.

The leaves of thefe plants have a bitter and fome-
what acrid taftc : a decoaion of them will dye
srcen. but the colour does not ftand well.

I I ASTER.

482 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA-

ASTE^?. Gen. pL 954.

Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex, feflilis. Corol.
radii plures 10. CdL imbricati ; fquamas inferiores
patulse.
Tripslium i ASTER foliis lanceolatis integerrimis carnofis gla-
bris, ramis insqiiatis, floribus corymbofis. Sp.
pi. 1226. (Ger. emac. 413, /. i, 2, Fet. herb. t.
17, /. 10, II. Gmel.BLSibir, 186. /. 80, /. 10.
Moris, hijl.f. t. 11. f. ^6^ 27')

Sea Starworc. A'nglis.

In fait marllies on the fea coafts not unfrequent. if.
VIII. IX.

The ildlk is fmooth, ftriated, branched towards
the top, and varies in height from nine inches
to four or five feet ; whence fome authors have
made a greater and a lefler variety : the leaves
grow alternate upon the (lalk -, their figure, &c,
IS expreffed in the fpecific difference : the flowers
grow in thin loofe umbels at the fummits of the
branches : the calyx is fhort and cylindrical : the
fcales obtufe, and commonly ringed with red on
the edges : the flov.'ers are 3-4ths of an inch in
diameter : the dilc yellow, the rays Blue ; but
j3, a variety of it fomerimes occurs without rays.

Vid. Fet. herb. i. ly, fig. 12.

SOLIDAGO. Gen. pi. 955.
Recept. -nudum. Pappus fimplex feflilis. Cor. radii
circiter 5. C^/. fquamae imbricatse, claufas.
vtr^dur^ai SOLIDAGO caule fubflexuofo angulato, racemis.

panicularis

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 483

paniculatis eredlis confertis. Sp. pi. 12^5 {Ger.

em. 430./. I, 2. Pet. herb. 1. 16, /. 9, 10. Moris.

hijl. f. 7. t. .2%, f. 4, ordinis fuperioris, '^ fig.

20. ordinis medii.)
Golden Rod. Anglis.
In rough mountainous pailures, and in woods tre

quent. %. VIII.
The root is woody ; the ftalk firm, a little rough,

and varies from fix inches to five feet high ; its

common height about a yard : the leaves are a
little hard, and rough to the touch -, the lower
ones oval-lanceolate, generally a little ferrated,
and fupported on footftalks : thofe on the flalks
arc elliptical, fometimes flightly ferrated, but
commonly entire.
The fiowers are yellow, and grow in a fpiked pa-
nicle : the fcales of the cdyx are lanceolate, of
unequal length, and of a pale green colour : the
female florets which compole the rays are In
number from five to eight j the hermaphrodite
ones in the difc from ten to twelve. The feed
is^little hairy, pointed at the bafe, convex on
one fide, and plain on the other.
?>• A variety of this plant frequently occurs, growing
out of the rocks near the fummits of the high-
land mountains, which is often not above fix
inches or a foot high, and bears fewer fiov/ers,
growing in a fliorter and more compact fpike:
the leaves are alfo frequently a little dov^ny,
and the plant flowers earlier. This is the S. Cam-
T i 2 hice.

484 SYNGENESIA

hrica of Hudf. Flor. Angf. vid. Pet. herb. t. 16. /.
1 1.
The leaves have an aftringent and bitter tafte, and
are efteec.ed as a good vulnerary and diuretic :
they are recommended in the (lone and gravel,
and in ulcers of the kidnles and bladder, three
drachms of the powder being taken every eighth
hour.

INULA, Gen. pi 956.

Recept. nud-jm. Pappus fimplex. Anthera bafi in
fetas duas definentes.
helenium* I INULA foliis amplexicaulibus ovatis rugofis, fub-
tus tomentofis, calycum fquamis ovatis. Sp. pi.
1236. {Ger. em. p. 793. Pet. herb. t. 16. /. i.
Moris, hijl. f. 7. /. 24. fig. uliim. ad bafin. Black-
well t. 4y^.)

Elecampane. JngUs.

Obferved in the low-lands near houfes and gardens,
by the Rev. Dr. Burgefs, of Kirkmichael, who
does not believe it to be properly a native. '^.
VUI.

It is one of the largcft of herbaceous plants, being
often fix feet high : the root is thick and brown : \
the leaves (befides what is imply'd in the ipecific i
difference) grow alternate, are ferrated, and the
lower ones ftand on footftalks : the ftalk is ereft
and ftrong, and branched towards the top : the
flowers terminate the branches, and are large
and yellow : the fcales of the calyx are oval,
wide, reflex'd, imbricated, and refemble leaves:

the'

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLuA. ^^^5
the rays of the flower are numerous, narrov,
and terminated with three acute dents : the down
of the feeds is reddifh, each hair of it finely
dented on one fide.
The root is acrid, bitter, and aromatic : a con-
ferve of it Hands recommended in afthn^as, and
other diforders of the breall and lungs, as good
to promote expeftoration. The decoclion of it
in water, or an infufion in wine, or a fpiriruons
extraft, are alfo cxtcll'd as a (lomachic and fu-
dorific, and are therefore prefcrib'd in crudities
of the ftomach, bad digctlions, the hypochon-
dria, and contagious difcafes. Outwardly ap-
plied, a decc6lion of it is faid to cure the itch.
Bruifed and macerated in urine, with balls of
allies and whortle berries, it dyes a blue colour.

DORONlCUiM. Gen. pL ^S9'
Recept. nudum. Pappus limplex. Calycis fquama^
duplicis ordinis sequales, difco longiores. Sent.
radii nuda pappoque deftituta.
>ardalian- DORONICUM foliis cordatis obtufis denticulatis,
chs* 1. radicalibus petiolatis, caulinis amplexicaulibus.

Sp. pi. 1247. (Ger. em. 762./. 7. Moris hijl. f. 7.
/. 24./. 4. Miller ic. 128. Blachvell t. 239.)
Great Leopard's Bane, or Wolf's-Bane, Anglis.
We obferved it in feveral places in the lowlands,
as about Hoddam caftle, in Annandalc^ &c. bur
always near houfes, fo that w^e fufpecl it not to
be indigenous, but as it fcems to be naturalized

SYNQENKSiA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

we thought it deferved a place in this coUedion.

if.v. vi.

The root is thick, jointed, creeping, and barbed
with many fibres : the llaik is two or three feet
high, hairy, furrow'd, and divided towards the
top into three or four branches, each terminated
with one large yellow radiated flower : the leaves
are rather foft and ha.ry, the radical ones
obtufely heart- Ih aped, and fupported on foot-
ilalks; thofe on the ftalk but few in number,
embracing it at their bale, and of a long oval
• form : the fcales of the calyx are about 26 in
number, compofed of a double feries, are nar-
row, lanceolate, and as long as the rays of the
flower : the female florets which compoie the
rays are ftreak'd with green lines, and about 22
in number : the hermaphrodite ones'tif the difc
are about 178: the feeds of the rays are nearly
triangular, ftreaked with ten lines, and are del-
titute of down : thofe of the difc are roundifh,
hairy, and crowned with a down, which is
ilightly plumofe : the receptacle is convex and
hairy. From the burfl:ing of the Anthers to
the ripening of the {tt^i. takes up the fpace of
one month.

Many writers have fuppofed tlie root to be poifon-
ous, and tiiat it would deftroy wolves, dogs,
and other animals. ' Others have reckoned it an
antidote to poifon ; but the prefent praflicc rc-
ie<5lsit. -

BELLIS.

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 487

BELLIS Gen. pL 962.

Recept. nudum conicum. Pappus nullus. Cul. he-

niifphaericus ; fquamis as;^ual;bus. Sem. obovata.

perennis 1. BELLIS fcapo nudo. Sp. pi. 1248. (Ger. em. 636.

/. 4. 5. ?et. herb. t. 19./. 2. Moris bijl.f. 6. /.

8./. 26 y 29. Blackwell t. 200. Oed. Dan. t.

503. tf/)/.)

Commpn Dai fie. Angl'is.

Gowan. Scotis. Noinein. GauVis.

In paftures frequent. %. IV. IX.

The leaves are obtufely oval, thick and crenared,
(lightly hairy, and expanded round the root in
a circle : the floral ftalks are naked, a little hairy^
from four to eight inches high, bearing each one
flower : the cal^x is compoled of tv/o fcries of
eredt, equal, lanceolate fcales, expanded hori-
zontally at top, and about thirteen in number :
the rays of the flower are white, commonly
tinged with red en the outfide, and fometimes
all red, difpofed in two ranks, and about iifty in
number : the difc is yellow, and confiflis of about
117 florets : the rays clofe together in rainy wea-
ther, and in the night.

The tafl;e of the leaves is fomewhat acid, and, in
fcarcity of garden-fl:uff, they have in fome coun-
tries been fubflituted as a pot-herb. It is at
prefent nor ufed in medicine.

CHRYSAN

4^8 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

CHRYSANTHEMUM. Gen. pL q66.
Recept. nudum. Pappus marginatus. Cal. hemif-
phasricus, imbricatus ; Iquamis marginalibus
mcmbranaceis.

* Leucanthema.
'eucanthe- CHRYSANTHEMUM foliis amplexlcaulibus ob-
loiigis, fuperne ferratis in feme dentatis. Sp. pl>
1251. {Ger, em. 634./. i. Vet. herb. t. 19./. r.
Moris, hiji. f. 6.t. ^.Jig. i. notata, fed fecunda or-
dinis fuperioris. BlackweU t. 42. J
The great Daifie, or Ox-eye. Jnglis.
Am breinein-brcthach. Gauiis.
In dry paftures frequent, both in the highlands

and lowlands, n. VI. VII.
The ftalk is a foot or more high, erevfl, and gene-
rally divided into a few branches towards the
top, but is fomctimes fingle : the radical leaves
are obtufely oval, crenated, and fupported on
footftalks : thofe on the ftalk are leflile, nearly
lanceolate, and lerrated, efpecially towards the
upper parr, but at their bafe are deeply and
acutely dented or pinnatifid, and embrace the
ftalk : a finglc large flower terminates each
branch, having a yellow dilc, and white rays :
the ftyles in the female florets are faffron color'd :
the feeds are furrow'd, and have ten angles.

CHRYSANTFIEMUM foliis pinnatis multifidis,
caule ramofo difl^ufo. Sp. pL 1253. {Moris, hijl.
f. 6, t. 17, f. 2,}

Camomiir

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMLA SUFKKrLUA. 4^.

CaHiOmile Dai fie. Anglis,

By fields and way-fides, bur not common. Sibbald,
G. Vlll.

The ftalk is near a foot high, often reclining at the
bafe, and widely branched : the leaves are pin-
nated, and finely divided, like chamcmiie: a
large flower, with white rays and a yellow difc,
terminates each branch : the calyx is flattlfh : the
fcales are unequal, membraneous, and fufcous
on their margins : the rays are patent, but not
deflex'd : the receptacle hemifphasrical and naked
The plant has no ill favour.

** Chryfanthema.

CHRYSANTHEMUM foliis amplexicaulibus,
fuperne Jaciniatis, inferne dentato-lcrratis. Sp.pL
1254. (Ger. em. 743 /. i. Pei. berk t. 19. /. 6.
Moris, hifi.f, 6. /. 4./. i. ordinis medii.)

Corn Marigold. Anglis.

Gules, Gools, GuiUs, or Yellow Gowans. Scotis,

An dithean. Gaiilis.

In corn-fields frequent, o. VIII.

The ftalk is a foot or eighteen inches high, eredt
and branched : the leaves grow alternate, are
fmooth, and of a blue green or glaucous colour :
each branch is terminated with a large radiated
flower, having the rays and difc both yellow,

Thefe golden flowers turn towards the fun all day,
an ornament to the corn-fields, and atford a
])icaf^:ig fight to the pafienger, but as-e fo verv

cicfiinent.-^l

490 SYNGENESIA : POLYG AMIA SUPERFLUA,

detrimental to the hufbandman, that a law is in
force in Denmark^ which obliges the inhabitants
every where to eradicate them out of their
grounds.
This noxious weed is faid to be dellroyed by dung-
ing the foil where it grows in the Autumn, by
letting it lie fallow one fummer, and by harrow-
ing the ground in about five days after fowing
the feeds for the future crop. Lin, Ft. Suec. 762.

MATRICARIA. Gen. pi 967.

Eecept. nudum. Pappus nuUus. C^l. hemifphaeri-
cus, imbricatusj Iquamis marginalibus folidifj
acutiufculis.
pGriheniH'm MATRICARIA folils compofitis planis, folioli^
J.- ovatis incifis, pedunculis ramofis. Sp. pL i2^(^.

(Ger. emac. 652./. i. P<f/. herb, t. i(^. f. 5. Black-
-ivell t, 19 2. J

Feverfew. Jnglis.

In wafle places near houfes and gardens, and lome-
fime.s in corn-fields. Mr. Siuart. ^. J./Zi. VII.
VIll.

The flalk is crea, a yard high, 'and branched :
the leaves are fiightly downy, foft and tender,
of a p:tie green colour, compofi^d of fix pair of
pinncs, with an odd trifid one at the extremity,
Theie pimiT are nearly oval and pinnatifid, their
fegp.-ents again obtufcly ferrated.

1 he flowers grow in an umbel upon branched pe-
dunclef^, and have yellow difcs with white rays :
ti,.- rra]e= of the ^a!yy have dry membranaceous^

margins.

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 491
margins, and therefore the plane n^.ore properly
belongs to the preceding genus.
The whole plane has a ftrong fragant iniell, and
has always been efteem'd a good einmenagogue,
and very ferviceable in hyfieric complaints. The
beft v;ay of taking it is in a flight infufion in
the manner of tea. It is alio an agreeable car-
minative and bitter, ftrengthens the itomach, and
difperfes flatulencies. The exprefs'd juice is
faid to kill worms in the bowels. It has likeu'ife
been recommended as a febrifuge, v.-hencc it
rook it's Erglifo nan^e.

maritima 2 MATRICARIA receptaculis hemifphosricis, foliis
bipinnatis fubcarnofis, fupra convex;?, fubrus
carlnatis. Sp.-pl. 1256. {Raj. Synop. 166. t -

f-i.)

Sea Feverfew. Afiglis,

On the fea-coafts in fandy foils, as in the ifland of
ButCy and on the weftern fide of Cantire^ be-
tween MachriajiiJJj and J5^r", &:c. 1/. VII.

The ftalk is nine inches h'gh, fmoodi, red, firm,
and diffufely branched : the leaves are of a dark
green colour, fmooth and fucculcnt : the flowers
have a yellow difc, and v-/hite patent rays : the
plant has Ibmerhing of a fweet but vtrj little
fcent.
(hamomilla MATRICARIA^ receptaculis conicis, radiis paten-
s' " tibus, fquamis calycinis margine rcquaiibus.
Syji. nat. 56^. Sp. pi. 12^6. (Ger. em. 754. /". 1.
Mcris. hifi.f. 6, t. ii.f.y. Blactj:eU t, 29 8.)

Fine-

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMTA SUPERFLUA.

P'ine-lcav'd Feverfew, or wild upright Camomile,,
with little fcent. Anglis.

In corn-fields and wafte places frequent, o- ^^I-
VIII.

The ftalk is a foot and a half high, cred, and
branched : the leaves are doubly pinnate, the
pinnuU divided into plain capillary fegments :
the calyces are almoft flat, or flightly hemifphse-
rical : the fcales green, with a fufcous margin :
the difc of the flower is yellow and conical j the
rays white, about 20 or 22 in number, and
nearly of the fame length with the diameter of
the calyx : the receptacle is oblong, and ?lmoft
cylindrical. The plant has a bitter tafte, a fweec,
but very little fmell, and has nearly the fame
virtues with the AN THEMIS mbilis Lin. or
Roman Camomile.

1 he flowers are reckoned antifeptic, and approach
in quality to the Peruvian bark. Twenty or
thirty grains of them readily promote fweat,
;ind are recommended as a cure fof the ague ;
and, mixed with fait of wormwood, as excellent
in fevers. A decodion of them is efteemed good
in nephritic complaints, and to afluage the pains
of the cholic and dyfentery. Baths, clyllers,
and cataplafms of them are alfo ufed in the laft
intentions. A blue eflfential oil is obtained by
diflillation from the flowfrr>, which is fuppofed
yQ contain all their virtues.

MATRICARIA

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 493
fuaveokns? MATRICARIA reccptaculis conicis, radiis de-
4' flexis, Iquamis calycinis margine acqualibus,

Syji. nat. 563. Sp.-pl. 1256. {Fig. nulla.)
Swcet-fcented Feverfew. A?iglis.
We obferved It at the entrance of Glen-beg^ near
Gkn-Elgy upon the weftern coaft of hrjunejs-
■Jhire. G.VIII.
We perceived no difference between this and the
preceding, except that the rays were larger and
deflex'd, and we fufped it to be only a variety
of it.

ANTHEMIS. Gen. fl 970.

Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemifphae-

ricus, fubsqualis. Flofculi radii plurcs quail 5.

nohilis * i. ANTHEMiS fol.is pinnato-compofitis linearibus

acutis fubvillofis. Sp.pl. 1260. (Ger. em. 'jsS*

f. 4. i^ flore pkno fig. 3. Pet. herb. t. 19./. 10.)

Sweet Camomile, Roman Camomile. Jnglis*

Obferved, by the Rev. Dr. Burgefs, of Kirkmichael,
amongft rubbifh near gardens-, but he does not
believe it to be indigenous. "5^. VIII.

The ftalks are near a foot long, procumbent, and
branched : the leaves have a grateful aromatic
fmell, and bitter tafte j they are (lightly downy,
and doubly pinnate •, the pinnuljc lanceolate,
plain, and divided further into bifid and trifid
ffgments : the branches are terminated each with
one radiated flower, {landing on a downy pedun-
cle : the calyx is of a whitifh green colour, the
edges of the fcales filvcry white : the difc of the

jBower

494 SYNGENfSIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

flower is yellow ; the rays white : the receptacle
chaffy, which is the principal diftinclion of this
genus.
This has mucli the lame virtues with the MATRI-
CARIA chamomilla before mentioned, but is
generally preferred before it, chiefly we believe
on account of its fragrant fmell. Its principal
virtue is iuppofed to exift in the calyx , which is
obtained by an eflential oil.

avanfis i. ANTPIEMIS receptaculis conicis, paleis lanceo-
latis, leminibus coronato-marginatis, S'p.pL 1261,
{Pa. herb. t. i^.f. SJ

Corn Camomile. Anglis.

In corn-fields, and by way-fides in gravelly foils,
as in the lanes about La/tvade, between Dalkeith
and P.oJIin^ and on the north fide of Linlithgow.
Dr. Parfons. $ . VI If.

The ftalk is near a foot high, firm, ftriated, and
diffufely branched : the leaves are a little hairy,
and have generally a white or hoary appearance,
and are without fcent : they are doubly pinnate,
the pinnuU lanceolate, and terminated with a
little beard or fpinule : the flowers grow flngly
at the ends of the branches on long downy pe-
duncles : the interior Icales of the calyx are v/ide,
and membranaceous at the apex : the difc of the
flower is yellow, the rays white, the receptacle
conical, and befet with .lanceolate chaffy fcales,
intermixed with the hermaphrodite florets : the
feeds are quadrangular, and crowned at the top
with a fliort white membranaceous rim,

ANTHEMIS

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 493

^. 3. AN THEMIS Tcccptaculis conicis paleis letaceis,

fcminibus nudis. Sp.pl. 1261, (Ger. em. 757./.

I. Vet. herb, t ig.f. 12. Moris, hijt. f. 6. /. 12.

/. 10. Blackwell t. 6^)

Stinking Camomile, or May-weed. Anglis.

Jn wafte places, corn fields, and by way-fides. g«

VI. VII.
The.ftalk is a cubit high, ered, branched, and
furrow'd with about eight ftreaks : the leaves
are fmooth, or nearly lb, doubly pinnatli : the
pinnuU narrow and lanceolate, the extreme one
trifid : the fcales of the calyx are narrow, and
very (lightly membranaceous on the edges : the
difc of the flower is yellow and conical : the
rays white : the chaff on the receptacle fetace-
ous or briftle-fhap'd : the feed has no marginal
crown, but only a pore at the top.
i3. It varies fometimes with a double flower, as ob-
ferved by Sibbald, in his Natural Hiftory of Fife-
/hire.
The whole plant has a ftrong foetid fmell, and,
where it abounds, is often found to bliller the
hands of weeders and reapers.

ACHILLEA. Gen.pL^yi.
Recept, paleaceum. fappus nullus. €aL ovatus,

imbricatus. Floculi radii circiter 5,
ACHILLEA foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argute
ierratis. Sp. pi. 1266. (Ger. em. 606. /. i. Pef.
herb. t. i^'f. 3. Moris, hijl. f.€.t. 12. jig. prima
inferiorjs^rdinis. BUck-wellt. -276,)

Sneeze-

4)6 SYN^GENfiSIA: POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

Sneeze -worr, or Goofe-tongue. AngUs.

An cruai'-ius. Gaulis,

In moift meadows and paflures frequent. %. VII.
VIII.

The iiaJk is a cubit high, or more, erect, firm, and
branched : the leaves grow JefTile and alternate,
of a long lanceolate form, very finely and
fnarply ferrated on the edges, fmooth, and of a
firm but brittle texture : the flowers grow in
loofe umbels : the difc is white ; the rays white,
and in number from fcven to eleven : the calyx-
is, downy, and the chafi^ on the receptacle
downy.

The variety wiih a double flower is received into
the flower-garden for ornament.

The plant has an acrid biting tafl.e. and h-s fome-
linies been ufed as an errhine to promote fncez-
ing, and to cure the tootli-ach, by 'drawing
away the rheum from the jaws ; but at prefent
ir is out of pra<51:ice.

Cattle will readily eat it.

wiilTfolium ACHILLEA foliis bipinnatis nudis-, lacinlis li-
2. near.bus dentatis ; caulibus fuperne fulcatis.

Syfi. nat. 567. ^p pi. iity, \^Ger, em. 1072./. 2.
Fet. herb. t. ic^. f. 4. Mjris. hijl. J. 6. /. 11./.
6 6r 14. Bhckix;ell t. \%-)/'^f)
Yarrow, Milfoil or No^fcTcrtr. Jnglis.
A' chaithir-thalmhain, An earr'-thalmhain, Lus

chofgRdh-na tola. Gaulis.
Jn paflure^and by way-fides frequent. 1;. VI VIII.

The

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 49?

The ftalk is eredt, a foot high, branched, and um-
belliferous at the top : the leaves are either quite
fmOoth, or (lightly hairy, very long, and finely
divided ; compounded firfl of 20 or 25 pair of
{\-\ort pinnae, each of which is fubdivlded into
three or even fevcn pair of pinnule, which are
again cut into triSd or quinquefid lanceolate
fegments, all of them dotted and retxulated ;
the fcales of the calyx are green, with pale brown
margins: the flowcTS are fmall and numerous:
the difc is either of a pale yellow colour or red :
the rays are only four or five, very Ihort and
plain, not above half the length. of the calyx,
and either white or red : the feed is oblong,
comprefs'd, and has a white margin.

The pknt has an aftringent quality, and is reckon'd
good to flop all kinds of hoemorrhagies, and to
heal wounds, but is out of ufe in the prefent
pradice. The highlanders fiill continue to make
an ointment of it to heal and dry up wounds.
The conlmon people, in order to cure the head-
ach, do fometimes thruft a leaf of it up their
noftrils, to make their nofe bleed ; an old prac-
tice, which gave rife to one of its Eng/^Jh names.

Linn^us informs us, that the inhabitants of Bale-
karlia^ in Sweden^ mix it with their ale inftead
of hops, and that it gives the liquor an intoxi-
cating quality.

Cattle do not refufe to eat It.

K k POLY

492 SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA FRSTRANEA.

POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.

CENTAUREA. Gen. pi 984.
Recept. fetofum. Pappus fimplex. Cor. radii, in
fundibuliformes, longiores, irregulares,
Cyani. caiycinis fquamis ferrato-ciliatis.
nigra i. CENTAUREA calycibus ciliatis ; fquamiila ova-
ta, ciliis capillaribus ereflis, foliis lyrato-angu-
latis, floribus fiofculofis. Sp.pl. 1288. [Ger. em.
727./. I. Pet. herb. t. 22. f. 8^9. Parkin/on.
herb. 468.)
Common Black Knapweed. Anglis,
The Horfe-Knot. Scotis aujiralibus.
In meadows and pflftures not unfrequent, both in

the highlands and lowlands. <? . VIII.
The ftalk is two or three {^qx. high, firm, branched
and angular: the leaves are rough and hard,
the lower ones pinnat'W half way down to the
rib, or elfe fparingly indented ; the upper ones
oval-lanceolate and entire. Sometimes it varies,
with all the leaves entire : the flowers are pur-
ple : the florets all tubular and hermaphrodite,
no neuter ones in the rim : the calyx is black,
and well exprcfs*d in the fpecific difl^erence.

.^„„, . CENTAUREA calycibus ferratis, foliis lineari-
bus integerrimis, infimis dentatis. 8p. pi. 1289.
(Ger. em. 732./. 2. Pet. herb. t. 22. /. 4. Moris,
hjft.f.']. t. 25. /. 4. Blackwell t. 270.)

Blue-

STNGENESIA : POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA. 499

Blue-bottles. Jngils.

Blue bonnets: Scotis aujtral.

In corn-fields not uncommon. O. VII.

The whole plant is Qightly cover'd with a cotton
down : the ftalk is a'yard high, ereft, hard, an-
gular, and branch'd towards the top : the lower
leaves are either indented, ©r pinnatifid, the ex-
treme fegment being largeft: and elliptical : the
upper ones are narrow and linear : each branch
is terminated with a fpecious blue flower : the
fcales of the calyx arc triangular, of a pale
green, or whitifli colour, their edges fufcouSj
toro or ferrated, and ciliated with white hairs :
the barren florets which compofe the rays of the
flower, grow horizontal, are commonly nine in
number, remarkably large, obliquely funnel-
fhap'd, and cut into fix, feven, or eight broad
ferratures at the rim. The filaments below the
Anthera are furrounded with a hairy ring. The
ftyle is barb'd beneath the ftigma.

The flowers are received as an ornament in the
garden, and vary much in colour, being not
only blue, but white, purple, fiefh-colour'd^
and variegated.

The neutral florets infufed in water, or any fpi-
rituous liquor, give it a beautiful blue colour,
which being mixed with an acid^ turns red, with
an alkali green : a fine colour is alfo prepared
from them for the ufe of painting, by drying
them firft into cakes, in a hair-fieve in an oven,
after the manner of drying faffron. See Gentle-
man's Magazine ^ 174^5 March.

K k 2 The

5&0 SYNGENESIA: I^OLIl-GAMIA FRUSTRANEAc
The Swedes mix them with tobacco, but more for

colour than tafte.
A water diftiiled fron^ them was formerly recom-
mended in inflammations of the eyes, but is
now diiufed.

fcahioja 3. CENTAUREA calycibus ciliatis, foliis pinnati-
fidis, pinnis lanceolatis. Sp pi. 1291. {Ger. em
727./. 2. Pet. berk /. 22 /. 7. Moris. biji.J.-].
i. 26. fig. tertia ordinis fuperioris)

Great Knapweed or Matfellon. Anglis.

In bar-en paftures and corn-fields, but not very
common. We obferved it amongft the corn in
the Cars of Gourie, &c. %. VII. VIIL

The {lalk is a yard high, ered, hard, furrow'd^
and branched : the leaves are firm, fmooth, or
nightly hairy, all pinnatifid, the lobes ob-
tufely lanceolate and dented : the flowers arc
purple, fpeciouSj and terminate the branches on
long, naked peduncles : the fcales of the calyx
have ciliated, fufcous margins : the neuter flo-
rets in the rim of the flower are quadrlfid and
quinquefid, from 20 to 22 in number, and form
a handfomc crown.

It varies fometimes with white flowers. The feeds
rd'-e a winter food to fmall birds.

POLYGAMIA

SYNGENESIA : POLYGAMIa NECESSARIA. 50^
POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.

FILAGO. Gen. pL 995.
* Recept- nudum. Pappus nullus. CaL imbricatus.
Flofculi feminei inter fquamis calycis locati.
germanicai FILAGO panicula dichotoma, florlbus rotundatis
axillaribus hirfutis, foliis acutis. Sp.pl. 131 1.
(Ger.emac 642./, 10. Pet. herb. /. 18. /". 9 ^
10. M.ris hiji.f. '].t.\i.f. 10.)
Childing Cudweed. Jnglis.
In corn-fields and barren grounds not uncommon
G. VII. VIII.

This plant grows ere(5b, and varies from fix ro
twelve inches in height : the whole covered with
a downy fubftance like cotton. The principal
flalk is properly undivided, and terminated with
a clofe globular head of flowers : but the
branches which grow afterwards from its fum-
mit, in the more adult plant, are widely dicho^
tomous, and then all the fphserules of flowers,
except thofe which terminate the branches, be-
come fefiBle and axillary. The leaves are nu-
merous, linear and acute, growing without or-
der, and nearly ere6t:, having their fides prefTed
a little towards the flalk and branches. Each
flower in the fphserule has a pyramidal calyx
with five angles, which calyx confifts of imbri-
cated, acute, fufcous, Ihining fcales with yellow-
i!h edges. Two or three hermaphrodite yel-

^ lowifh

502 SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.

lowifh florets occupy the difc of the flower,
which are tubular, quadrifid at the rim, and
barren : but the female florets are numerous
and fertile, very flender, bifid at the rim, and
grow between the fcales of the calyx. The feeds
ure all crowned with pappus or down, but fo
extremely fugacious as to pafs unregtarded by
"Linnaus,
The plant has a drying aftringent quality, the
powder and decodion of it have fometimes been
ufed with fucccfs in Diarrhseas and dyfenteries.
The farmers in Etigland ^trc accuftomed former-
ly to give it their cattle to reftore the faculty
of chewing their cud, whence it acquired the
Eiiglip name of cudweed.

monta?m 2. FILAGO caule fubdichotomo eredo, floribus
conicis terminalibus axillaribufque. Syji, nat.
580. Sp.pl. 131 1. (Ger. cm. 641./. 9. Moris
hifi. f. 7. /. II. /. 3. Pet. herb. /. 18./. 11.
meiior.')

Leaft cudweed. JngUs.

Upon walls and other dry barren places. We ob-
ferved it in Strath-Tay, &c. o VII. VIII.

The plant is five or fix inches high, cre^, and
covered with the like cotton down as the pre-
ceding. The leaves are numerous, linear, and
acute. The flowers grow from two to four in
a cluder, at the angles and extremitles| of the
branches. The calyx is pentagonal, furrow'd,
of a whitilh green colour, Ihining at the top,

and

SYNGENESIA: POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA. 503
and includes florets of both fexes. The fmail-
nefs of the cluflers, and the few flowers which
compofe them, will readily diftinguifli thi': plant
from the preceding.

MONOGAMfA

/

" SYNGENESIA MONOGAMlA.

M O N O G A M I A-

JASIONE. Gen. pi. 1005.

Cal.. communis 10-phyllus. Cor. 5-pe(;ala, regularis.
Caps, infera, bilocularis.

JASIONE. Sp. pL 1317. {Ger. emac. 723. /. 12*
Moris, hiji. f. 5. /. 5./. 4B. ?et. herb. t. SS- f-
1. Column, ecphres. p. 226. /. 227. Lees. Pruff.
t, 73. hon.)
Hairy Sheep's Scabious. Scabious Rampion. Jnglis.
In dry hilly pallures, as at Cbatelherault., by Ha-
milto/fy and at Brodic-Cajile^ in the Ifle of
Arran., &c. O.VII.
The ilalk is about a foot high, ered and branch'd.
The leaves are numerous, growing without or-
der, ellipt cal, roughly hairy, waved on the
edges, fometimes flightly lerrated, but oftner
intire. Tiie branches are deftitute of leaves a
good way downwards, and are terminated with
nearly hemifp<p-ical heads of blue flowers^
which are lubcendtd by a common r^/yx, con-
fifling of about ten oval-lanceolate leaves. Each
Horet has alfo its own proper quinquefid calyx^
fupported by a peduncle. The floret itfclf is
pentapetalous, the petals linear, acute, and con-
nedtd together at their bafe. The c.ipfule is
roundifn and angular, crowned with the calyx^
and has two cr iliree c^ils, containing many

y

.-^^^ ^^,/f^/^ ^/

c^^^w/zr?'

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. 505

oval brown fhining feeds. The florets in the
centre of the head are often abortive. The
young plants yield a milky juice.
LhfKxus fays that bees arc fond of the flowers.

LOBELIA. Gen.f.. 1006.

Cal. 5-fidus. Corolla i-petala, irregularis. Caps.
infera, 2-s. 3-locularis.
dortmannai LOBELIA foliis linearibus bilocularibus integerri-
mis, caule fubnudo. Sp. pi. 131 8. (Pet. herb. t.
6y,f. 7. Oed. Dan. t. S9''^fiS' «^/-)

Water Lobelia, Water Gladiole. Anglis.

It is very frequent in almoft every frefli-water loch
in Scotland, and particularly in the highlands
and weftern ifles, growing near the edges of the
water. %. VII. IX.

The leaves fpread in a circle about the root, and
grow under the water : they are about two inches
long, linear, fiattiih, and generally a little re-
flexed at the ends, and if cut tranfverfely are
found to confift of two longitudinal and paral-
lel hollow tubes, which is very remarkable : the
ftalk is cre6l, round, hollpw, from a foot to two
feet high, and almoft naked : the flowering part
raifed out of the water. The flowers are white,
with a flight tinge of blue or purple, eight or
ten in number, growing in a thin fpike : each ||
is monopetalous and ringenr, divided into five
fegmenti- at the rim ; the two upper fcgments
narrow, lanceolate, and a little reflexed : the
three others broader and oval : the caplule is

obtulely

5o6 SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

obtufely oval, and confifts of two cells, contain-
ing marjy fmall feeds. The whole plant is lac-
tefcent.

VIOLA. Ge?i. pi. 1007.

Cal. pentaphyllus. Cor. pentapetala, irregularis,
poftice cornuta. Cap. fupera, trivalvis, uniloca-
laris.

* Jcaules.
:ahjlris i. VIOLA acaulis, foliis reniformibus. Sp.-pL 1324.
(?et. herb. t. 37./. 5. Moris, hiji. f. 5. /, ^s^f-
5. Oed. Dan. t.%^. opt.)

Marfh Violet. Jnglis.

In bogs and marlhy grounds not unfrequent. %,
V. VI.

The floral flalk is either round or femicylindrical,
about three inches high, deftitute of leaves;
but furniflied in the middle with two lanceolate
ciliated Bracf£a, and terminated with a iinglc
fmail flower of a pale blue or flefli colour : the
two uppermoft petals are of an uniform colour
v,'ichout flrcaks : the fide ones have one or two
purple llreaks, and the lowermoft has about
feven branched ones: the fpur or heelof the
flower is fiiort and blunt, and produced but a
very little behind the calyx. The leaves, which
are all radical, are fmooth and tender; kidney-
ihaped, and crenated on the edges. The root
creeps, and is covered with many foliaceous
fcales,

V. acaulis.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. 5^7

V. acaulis, foliis cordatis, ftolonibus reptantibus.
Sp.pl. 1324. (Ger. em. 850./. i. 2. Blacki^ell t.
55. Oed.Dan. 2. 309. opt.)
Sweeet Violet. Anglh.
Sail-chuach. Gaulis.

Under hedges and on banks by the Gdes of ri-
vulets. i^.III. IV.
The root throws out creeping runners : the leaves
are heart-fhaped, crenated, and pubeicent un-
derneath : the peduncles radical: the flowers
extremely fragrant, and are either of the colour
which the Name of the plant imports, or white.
The flowers are efteemed to be anodyne, cooling
and emollient. A fyrup made of them proves
an agreeable and ufeiul laxative to children :
the leaves are alfo emollient, and the feeds
diuretic.
The blue tin^ure of violets is a common teR of
all acid and alkaline fubilances, for being mix'd,
the firft will always turn it of a red colour, the
latter of a green.
The Turks make a violet fugar of the flowers,
which diffolved in water makes their favorite
liquor, called SoTbei. Hajelquifs Voyage, p.

254-
The Caledcnian ladies formerly ufed them as f=
cofmetic, as appears from the advice given in
■the following Gaulic lines :

Sail-chuach as bainne ghabhar

Suadh re t sghaidh,

'Schs

5oB SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

*Scha 'n'eil mac ri'air an doaihan
Nach bi air do dheadhai'.
Thus tranflated,
" Anoint thy face with goat's nnilk in which vio-
*' lets have been infufed, and there is not a young
" prince upon earth who would not be charmed
** with thy beauty."

** Caulefcentes.
camna 3. VIOLA caule adultiore afcendente, foliis oblongo-
cordatis. Sp, pi. 1324. {Ger. em. 851./. 6. Pet,
herb t. o^y. f. 4,. Moris.hijl. f. 5. t. 7./. 2. Bar-
rel, ic. 695. Rivin. /. 117.)
Dog's Violet. Jnglis.

In woods, paftures and heaths frequent. 'U.IV. V.
The leaves are pubefcent at their firft eruption, but
afterwards fmooth : the floral (talks, at firft
flowering, appear to be radical ; afterwards the
plant becomes caulefcent and branched, with
leaves and peduncles growing out of the ftalk :
thtJiipuU are dented with long cilia : the flowers
are without fcent, of a bluifh colour, with a
thick wiiite obtufe Ne^arium, or fpur.

*** Stipulis pinnatijidis ; Jiigmate urceoJato.

'■'randifcra VIOLA caule triquetro eredo, foliis cblongiufcu-
4. lis, ftipulis pinnatifidis. ^yfi. nat. p. 585. Mantfjf.

p. 120, {Barrel zV. 691 ^ 692. Hilller.Jiirp.Hel-
"jct. p. 24,^. w. 566. t. 17. & varietas caulefcens.
Moris, hiji.f. j. t. 7./. 11, Pet. herb, t, 37./. 10.
Rivin. t. ii&J

Great

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. sog

Great yellow Violet. Jnglis.

On hilly paftures and mountains not unfrequentv
as on Brcughton-heighiSy in Tweddale^ and on tlic
Pentlatid-hilh^ about two miles fouth of Fajl-
Cafile^ at Crawford-John^ near the Lead-hilis^ in
LanerkJIme, and with a purple flower on Mall-
Sy^^y-t iTiBreadalha7ie^ &c. 'ii.VI-VJII.

The plant at its firfl: flowering is dwarfifh, but af»
tervv'ards becomcc^ caulefcent, ereft, and about
fix inches high : the leaves are oval,pubefcent»
and have generally eight diflant obtufe ferratures
in the margin : thcJiipuU are very large, and
either trifid, quinquefid or pinnatifid : the leaves
of the calyx are ferrated behind : the flower is
generally much larger in proportion than in the
other fpecies, and is commonly of a yellow co-
lour, the bafe of the petals being flreak'd with
dark purple rays : fometimes it varies with a
purple flower, the petals having yellow ungues
and ftreak'd as before : we halTe alfo feen it with
two of the petals purple, and the refl: yellow.
The fpur is longer than the caljx, and almofl:
flrait, but not above one-third part {o lono- as
the petals.

VIOLA caule triquetro dlffufo, foliis obloncrls in-
cifis, ftipulis pinnatifidis. SyJ}, 7iat. p. 585. (Ger,
em. 854. /. I. Pet. herb. t. ^j.f. 8. 9. Moris,
hifi.f. 5. /. 7. /. 8, 10. Rivin. t. 120. BlackweU
t. 44.)

Panfies

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

Panfies, or Heart's-Eafe. AngUs,

Sail-chuach. Gaulis.

In corn-fields frequent, O . V-IX.

The ftalk is weak, proftrate and branched : the
leaves are elliptical •, the ftipulee pinnatifid at
the bafe, the extreme lobe being oval, obtufe,
and a little ferrated, refembling a fmall leaf.
The peduncles are comprelTed. The Braciea
haflate, with two obfolete dents on each fide at
at the bafe. The flower varies greatly, the pe-
tals being often of two, and fometimes of three
colours, a dark velvet-purple, vellow and blue,
ftreaked at the bafe with blackilh veins. This
eleo-ant colouring has gained it a place in almoft
every garden. In iw'wild flate however, it is
feldom lb very fpecious, the flower being com-
monly fmaller, the two upper petals of a whitilh
colour, and the Icwermoil yellow flreaked wiih
dark lines ; or elfe the whole flower of a pale
blue colour.

In JVf.T'wichJIjire and Worcefterfmre this plant is call-
ed by the common people Love in Idlenefs, and
therefore is doubtlefs the herb to which the in-
ventive fancy of Shake/pear attributes fuch ex-
traordinary virtues in the perfon of Oberon king
of the fairies, in the Midfmnmer Night's Dreatn.
Adl 2. fc. 2.
Yet mark'd I where the bolt of Cupid fell,
It fell upon a little wejlern flower, *

* The poet cdls it a little weftcrn flower, becaufe the fcene
0! his play is fixed at Athens, which is eallward of Creat-Britain.

Before

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA. 511

Before milk-white, now purple with lovc*s wound ;
And maidens call it hove in Idienefs.
Fetch me that flower, the herb I fhew'd thee once ;
The juice of it, on fleeping eye-lids laid.
Will make or man or woman madly doat
Upon the next live creature that it kes.

CLASSIS '

G Y N A N D R I A.

C L A S S I S XX.

G Y N A N D R I A.

D I A N D R I A.

ORCHIS. Ne^arium corniculatum.

SATYRIUM, Neaarium fcroclforme.

OPHRYS. NeBarium fubcarinatum.

SERAPIAS. Ne^aritm ovatum fubcus gibbum.

POLYAN DRIA.

Ar|uM. Spatha. Cat. nullus. Cor. nulla.

Stam, fupra [piftilla.
ZOSTERA. Folium. Cal. nullus. Cor. nulla.

Sem. aiterna nuda.

D I A N D R I A,

ORCHIS. Gen. pi. 1009.
Ne5farium corniforme pone florem»
' * Bulbis indivifis.

ORCHIS bulbis indivifis, neftarii labi^ lanceolato
integerrimis j cornu longiiTimo, petalis patenti-
bus. Sf.pl 1331. {Ger. em. 211. /. i. 2. Pet,
herb. /. 68. /. 1 1. 12. VailL Paris, t. 30./. 7.
Seauier. Ferofi. t. 15./. 10. Hailer- Slirp. Helvet.
1285. /, 35. bona. Oed. Dan. t. 235. optima.)
Butterfly Orchis. Anglis.

In woods and in dry cxpoied paftures not uncom-
mon, as about Jucbendemty^ 6zc. %. VI.

The

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 513

The root confifts of two oval folid bulbs, crowned
with thick flelhy fibres : the ftalk is angular,
from a foot to eighteen inches high. The leaves
are radical, oval, two or three inches wide, and
generally two in number, but fometimes three.
Thofe on the ftalk are fmali, and refemble lan-
ceolate ^/p^^/^. The flowers are white, with a
flight mixture of green, and grow in a lono- lax
fpike. The petals are diilended fo as clearly to
exhibit the ftamina to open view : the lip is long
narrow and linear : the neciarium^ov fpur is tu-
bular, a little comprefl^ed, about an inch long,
and contains a clear liquor. The anthsra are
yellow, and diflant from each other : the flow-
ers in the morning and evening have a fweet
honey-like fmell.
/?^ There is a variety of this orchis with a fmaller
flower and fliorter ftalk, which bloflbms later,
and grows in dry paftures, called the leflTer but-
terfly orchis.
The roots of this, and moft of the other fpecies
of orchis, are efteeraed to be aphrodiflacal.

pyramidalis ORCHIS bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio bicorni
~ 2. trifido sequali integerrimo, cornu longo, petalis

fublanceolatis. Syfi, nat. 589. Sp.pL 1332. (Rail
Syn. p. 377. /. 18. hon. Seg, Veron. t. 15. /. u.
flof. Vaill. paris. /. 31./. 38. Jlof. Rivin, t. 14.
Hall. hiji. Helvet. 1286. /. 35.)
Purple late-flowering Orchis. Anglis,

LI in

$14 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

In dry paflures, but very rare, as near KiloraK, In
the iCiand of Colon/a. n,VlL

The flowers of this grow in a fhorc clofe conical
fpike, and are of a bright purple colour, with-
out any fpots, making an elegant appearance.
The three upper petals are clofe together, the
fide ones expanded, the lip is divided into three
oval fhort intire fegmcnts, nearly equal j at the
bafe of which are tv/o parallel longitudinal au-
ricles. The fpur is cylindrical, ilender, and
longer than the capfule. The ftalk is furniflied
with five or fix lanceolate acute leaves : The
Bra^e^ are lanceolate, coloured, and of the
length of the germen.

mcrio 3. ORCHIS bulbis indivifis, nedarii labio quadrifi-
do crenulato, cornu obtufo afcendente, petalis
obtufis conniventibus. Syjt. nat. 589. Sp. pi,
1333. {Ger. em. 208./. 2. VailLpar. A, 31. /
13. 14. flof, Seg.Veron. t. 13./. T-flof, Rivin.
t. 13. Halkr. hijt.n. 1282. t,^^.)

Female Fool-ftones. Anglis.

In paflures and moift woods frequent. %. VI.

The ftalk is about eight inches high : the fpike
confifts of few flowers, feldom more than 12,
generally of a purple colour, but fometimes
flefh-coloured, or white : the petals all clofe to-
gether, forming a vaulted arch over the Jlamixa.^
They are obtufe, and always ftreaked longitu-
dinally with green lines : the lip of the nedarium
U trifid and fpotted in the middle, the lateral

lobes

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 515

lobes are flightly crenated and reflex'd ; the cen-
tral one is crenated and flightly bifid : the fpur
is about the length of the germen, obtufe at
the end, emarginated, and a little afcending:
the Bra^ea are of the colour of the flower, and
about the length of the germen.

ORCHIS bulbis indivifis, neclarii labio quadrilo-
bo crenulato j cornu obtufo, petalis dorfalibus
reflexis. Sp. pi. 1333. Syft. nat. 590. {Ger. em.
208./. I. Seg. Veron. t. 15./. 6.pf. Vaill Paris.
t. 31./. II, 12. Kivin. t. 21. Blakwell t. 53.
Oed. dan. t, ^5J. Haller. hiji.12^^. t. S^.opi.)

Male Fool-ftones.- Anglis.

In woods frequent, as in Logton-Wood, near BaU
keith, &c. %. VI.

The flalk is about a cubit high : the leaves broad,'
flat, and glofly, and generally ftained with
blood-colour'd fpots : the flowers grow in a long
thin rpike, of a fpecious purple colour : the
exterior petals are oval and acute ; the two fide
ones fold back, ftand ere6t, and have no green
ftreaks : the lip of the neftarium is crenated
an^ trifid, and the middle lobe bifid, but is
lengthened out beyond the fide ones. In thefe
refpeds it differs from the preceding.

The fpikes of thefe flowers are the Long-Purples^
or dead men's fingers^ which helped to compofe
poor Ophelia's garlands :

L 1 2 There

5i6 GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

There with fantaftic garlands did (he come.
Of crow-flowers, nettles, dailies, and lo'ng purples^
(That liberal Hiepherds give a grofler name.
But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them.)

Harolet^ a^ 4.
Th(ifdlep of the fhops is made, for the mod part,
of the roots of this Orchis; for this purpofe the
largeft and plumped bulbs muft be gathered,
lliinned, and boiled over a gentle fire for half
an hour -, afterwards they muft be ftrung upon
a thread, and hung up in the fliade till they are
dry. Thefe, reduced to powder, are the faiepy
cfteemed as a reftorative an^J aphrodifiac, and
reckoned ferviceable alfo in dyfenteries, and
phthificky complaints.

""'* Btdhis palmatis,

tijdia 5i ORCH'S bulbis fubpalmatis redlis, necStarii cornw
conico •, labio trilobo lateribus reflexo, brafteis
fiore longioiibus. Zp. pi. 133^. (Ger. em. 226./.
i. ££? 222./. 3. Vaill.paris. t. '2^\.f. i, 2, 3, 4,
H.jlores. BlakweU. t. 405. Oed,dan. t. 266, opt.
I Idler. hi(l. 1279. /. 32. horn.)

Male handed Orchis. Anglis.

.In marfliy grounds and bogs common. "4. VI.

The bulbs are divided into two or three fingers,
which are not divaricated, but run diredly
downwards : the leaves are broad, and com-
monly without fpots, but are fometinies obfcurely
llained ; the ftalk is 1 foot or more high, ftriated

and

GYNANDRIA DIAXDRIA. y^^

and fiftular : the fpike is conico-cylindrical : the
flowers are commonly purple, but fometimes
red or white, intermixed with many broad lan-
ceolate Bra^e^, v.hich are longer than the
flowers : the two fide petals turn back, and
ftand almoft upright, the others connive toge-
gether: the lip is divided into three obfcure
lobes, ferrated on the edges, and marked with
purple lines and fpots : the middle lobe is fhorr,
and the fide ones reflexed : the fpur is conical,
a little incurv'd, and Ihorter than the germ.en.

maculafa 6. ORCHIS bulbis palmatis patentibus, neclarii cor-
nu germinibus breviore, labio piano, petalis
dorfalibus patulis. Sp. pi. 1335. Sjfi. nat, 590.
{,Ger. er,j. 220./. 2. Vaill. paris. t.-^i, f. 9 10.
Rivi'fj. t. 8. (y II. Hull, hijt. 1278. /. 'o^i.boua.)

Female handed Orchis. Anglis. Balderry. Scctk,

An urach-bhallach. Gaulis.

In paftures and heaths very com.mon. "U. VII.

The bulbs are divided into three or or four divari-
cated fingeis : the leaves are almoft always fpot-
tcd, and narrower than in the preceding fpecies :
the (lalk is a cubit high, and foiid : the fpike is
cylindrical, and the flowers commonly of a pale
blufli, or almofl: white colour, marked with
many Ipots and purple lines : the fide petals
ftand open, and almoft erecl : the lip is plane,
crenated, and divided into three lobes, the mid-
dle one narroweft, and generally acute and en-
tire :

51 S GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA,

tire : the fpur is obtufe, ^nd a little fhorter thxa
the germen : the BraHe^e are not longer than the
flowers, and much narrower than in the preced-
ing kind.
^« A variety of this, with fpotlefs leaves, found in
Auche/idsmny woods, was communicated by Dr.
Parfons.

conopfea 7. O. bulbis palmatis. nedarii cornu fetaceo germlni-
bus longiore -, labio trifido, petalis duobus pa-
tentifilmis. Sp. pi. 1335. Syji.nat. 590. {Ger.em.
227./. 5. Rivin. t. II. Vaill. pans. t. 30. /. H,
Hall, hiji. 1287. /. 29. bona. Oed.Ban. t. 224.
opu)

Long-fpur'd fweet- handed Orchis. Anglls.

In paftures not unfrequent, as in thofe eaftward of
yluche7iden?i)\ and about Comrie., near Creif, &:c.

^^VI.

The ftalk is a cubit high, the leaves long and nar-
row, their fides a little comprefs'd : the flowers
grow in a long cylindrical fpike, generally of
an uniform purple colour, but fometimes white :
the flde petals are widely expanded, the refl: con-
nive : the lip is divided into three obtUfe and
nearly equal fegments, the fide ones fometimes
flightly ferrated, the middle one quite entire :
the fpur is very flender, curv'd, and about three
times the length of the fide petals : the Bra^e^
are lanceolate, and rather longer than the ger-
men : the flowers are fweet fcented.

SATYRIUNL

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 519

SATYRIUM. Gm.pl. loio.

Neufarium fcrotiforme f. inflato-didymum pone

florcm.

iride 2, SATYRIUM biilbis palmatis, foliis oblongis obtu-

fis, nedarii labio linear! trifido, lacinia intermedia

obfoleta. Sp. pi. 1337. (Vaill. paris, t. 31./. 6,

-; 7, 8. Lots. Prnfs. 182 /. 59. Seg. veron. p. 133.

^' t. i^.f. 18. fores, t. 16./. 18. pla7it. Haikr. hi}.

1269. /. 26. O^^. D^;/. /. 77, ^^/.j

Frog Satyrion- Anglis.

In dry hilly paftures not uncommon. We obferv'd
it in 'Jura^ near Mr. Campbell's, in If,a, CoJonfa^
and %, &c. %. VI. VII.

The ftalk is about fix or eight inches high : the
lower leaves oval : the flowers are of a green ifh,
and fometi.r.es of a dull red colour, growing in
a thin fpike, two or three inches long : the brac-
tts are lanceolate, and longer than the germen :
the petals all connive, and form sl galea over the
Jlamina : the lip is plane, ligulate, of the length
of the germen, wideft at the extremity and bi-
fid, with a Ihort triangular mucro in the middle,
between the fegments : the fpur is very fmall,
oval, didymous, and about i-i2th of an inch
long.

'bidum 3 . SATYRIUM bulbis fafciculatis, foliis lanceolatis,
nectarii labio trifido acuto, lacinia intermedia
obtufa. Sp. pL 1338. {Michel, gen. t. 26./. A.
B. C. Uall hifi. i2yo. f. 26. Oed. dan. t. \ 15.) '

White

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

White Satyrion. Jnglis.

In dry mountainous paliures not very uncommoii.
We obferved it at the Ifthmus of Tarhat^ in Can-
tire, in ArgyLfmre ; in the i(le of Arrmu near
Loch- Ran/a, &c. in Jura, on a dry hilly pafture
near Mr. Ca-nipbeU's, in Ijla, Colon/a and ^kye,
in fimilar places. "U. VI. VII.
1 he root confuls of fix or eight long tap-fhap'd
folid radicles : the ftalk is about ten inches high :
the fpike is about three inclies long, cylindrical
and thick {ti with numerous fmali v/hitifh de-
flexed flowers : the Braciece are lanceolate, and
rather longer than the ger.men : the petals are
white, and connive into the form of a galea, the
fide ones longed : the lip of the 7ie^arium is
green, and divided into three acute fegments, the
middle one largeft : the fpur is white, about half
(he length of xh^ germ en, obtufe at the end, and
recurved, but not didynious, as the generic cha-
i:a(5lt;r requires.

SATYRIUM bulbis hbrofis, follis ovatis radica-
libus, floribus fecundis. Sp. pi. 1339. {Ger. em,
227. /. 4. Loes. priijj'. 210. /. 6'^. Halkr. hiji.
1595. tab. 22. Tre'vo. Lit. Ncrimb. anus. 173^.
hebd. ^1. p. 439. /. 6./. 7. bofja. ^ fig. yiojl.)

Creeping Satyrion. Ai^giis.

In old mofTy v.'oods, but very rare. We found it
growing amongft the Hypna, in an old fnady
mpift hanging birch wood, called, in the Erjs
^^'^gVi2ge, Ca-bue, or Tellow-biU, facing the houfe

of

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 52 c

of Mr. Mackenzie, of Bundonpld, about two
miles from the head of LHtle-l.och-Broojr.^ on
the weitern coafl of Rofs-Jhire. k has alfo been
found in a wood oppofite to Moy-hall, on the
fouth fide of the road to Lrjerne/s^ as we have
been informed by Dr. Ho^e, U. VIII.
The roots are round, annular, and branched, and
creep under the mofs, throwing out new run-
ners or fhoots : the ftalk is about a foot high,
ereft, and hairy, efpecially towards the top ;
the leaves art oval, nervous, have broad folia-
ceous pedicles, and grow near the b:dc of the
ftali^. Thofe nerves are generally five in num-
ber, but fometimes feven, branched from the fides
and reticulated with veins which are often of a
fufcous colour. The flowers are a little hairy,
or pubefcent, whitifli or ftraw-coloured, and
grow in a fpike, from fifteen to twenty in num-
ber, rifing from one fide of the ftalk, but turn-
ing round, and looking to the' other fide. The
hra^e^e are lanceolate, longer than x.\\e. germen^
and of the fame colour as the flowers : the pe-
tals aie three, pubefcent, and glew'd, as it were,
together, fo that they cannot be feparated wirh^
out being torn. The lip is lanceolate, and ter~
minated behind with a gibbous boat-iliaped
netlarium^ which makes this plant belono- more
properly to the genus of i^crnpCiS, Lin.

OPHRYS.

2^22

GYNANBRIA DIANDRIA.

OPHRYS. Gen.pL ion.
Nefiarium lubtus fubcarinatum.
* Bulbis ramo/is.
Nidus avh OPHRYS bulbis fibrofo-fafciculatis, caule vagina-
'• to aphyllo, nedarii labio bifido. Syji. jiat, 592.

Sp. pi 1339. {Ger. em. 228. /. i. Rivut. t. 7.
7'Gurnef. Inft. p. 438. /. 250. Halkr. hiji. ie^o.
t. 37. bona Oeder. Dan. t, 18 1. opt.)

Bird's Neft Ophrys. Jnglis.

In woods, but not common, as in Juchendenny
woods, ten miles from Edmhurgb^ towards La-
verk. Dr. Par/ons. And In the woods zx Finla-
rigy at the head of Loch-Tay, m Breadalhane^
&c, Mr. Stuart, if. VI.

The root confifts of a bundle of flefhy, brittle
cylindrical fibres, which grow fideways out of the
bafe of , the ftalk, at right angles. The whole
plant is.,jof an uniform pale brown, or fuille-
mort colour: the ftalk is ered, firm, brittle,
from a foot to a cubit high, deltitute of leaves,
hut furniilied with fufcous kales, or ftipuU,
ilicathlnf]; the ftalk: the flowers are numerous,
of the fame colour v/ith the ftalk, and grow in
;i thick cylindrical Ipike, thineft at the bafe:
the Brati&^e are hardly fo long as the germen :
the petals all connive: the lip has an oval con-
cavity at the bafe, and is femibifid at the end :
the fegn^icnts recede v/idely from each other, and
r.rr little Hiorter than I'le germen.

OPHRYS

GYNANDRIA DIANDRiA,

'j'-i

eorallorhiza ORPHYS bulbis ramofis ficxuofis, caule vaginato,
^T aphyllo, neftarii labio trifido. Syfi. vat. ^^2.

Sp.pl, 1339. (Ger. em. iS^S-f- 2. Halkr. hijl,
1301. /. 44. Oed. Ban. /. 451. ^ fig- noji.)

Coral-rooted Ophrys. Jnglis.

In marfhy woods, but very rare. V7e obfervcd it
only in one place, and there fparingly, viz. in a
moift hanging wood, on the fouth fide, near the
head of Liiile-Lock-Broom, on the weilern coalt
of Rofs-Jhire.,%. VI. VII.

The root confifts of v/hite, thick, fucculent, obcufc
'fibres, branched like coral. The ilalk is about
fix or eight inches high, and has no other leaves
than lheathing_y?/^«/^. The flowers grow in a
thin fpike, about eight or ten in number, verg-
ing a little to one fide of the ftalk, and fub-
tended each by an oval-lanceolate greenifla Brac-
tea. The upper petals are green, oval lanceo-
late, and connive in the form of a fcmicylindric
Galea. The lateral petals are patent, whitiCi,
and ftreaked with a green line. The lip is oval-
lanceolate, white, and ftreaked with two green
lines, forming an acute angle. The flower is
furnifhed with four Jlamina, two in each cell.
The capfules nod.

ovata. 3, OPHRYS bulbo fibrofo, caule bifolio, foliis ova-
tis, neftarii labio bifido. Sp. pL 1 340. (Ger. em.
402. /. I. Vet. herb. t. 70. /. 10. Rivin. t. 7.
Oed. Dan. t. 137. bon. Ilaller, hiJl. 1291. /. 37^
opt.)

Gtcut

524 .GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA,

Grrat Twayblade. AngUs.

in woods and moid paftures "r.oi uncommon. "4^
VI.

The ilalk is a cubit high, dov/ny, and furniflied
only with two oppofite, broad, obtulely oval,
nervous or plantain-hke leaves, which grow
.nearly in the middle between the root and the
bottom of the ipike •, the bafe of one of thefe
leaves en^bracing the bafe of the other. The
fnlkc is five or fix inches long, diftinftly let
with thirty or forty ycllowifh green flowers.
The lip of the flower is nearly linear, femibifid,
and about twice the length of the germen, and
defcends perpendicularly : the fegments are ob-
tufe, the germen is thick, oval, and furrowed
wuh fix lines.

ordcUii 4. Of'HRYS bulbo fibrofo, caule bifolio, follis cor-
datis. Sp. pi. 1340- C-f*^^- ^■■^^^' ^' 1^-f' *'• ^0'
ris. f. 12. /. 11./. 4- Hallcr. bJJi. 1292. /. 22.
opt.)

Little Twa\ blade, v'ith heart-fhap'd leaves. Anglis.

In madhy places by the fides of rivulets, on the
highland mountains in m.any places, as on Bcn-
■nn-^rion in Stratfi^ two miles above Mackennon'z
caiUe, in ilie Ijle of Skie\ on the mountains in
Rofs-faire, about Ltlile Lccb- Broom, and in Brea-
daWaue^ occ ^. VII.

The root confift.'; 01 many long round fibres : the

jlalk is about iiv ov eight inches high, and the
svhoie pi-rr ;.h .,; a tondrr nnd delicate texture.

TJie

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. 525

The leaves are only two, finooth, oppofite, and
hcart-fliaped, and about half an inch wide ac
the bafe : the flowers grow in a thin fpike, ten
or twelve in number ; of a green colour, often
turning red in decay : the petals are lanceolate,
and (land wide open : the lip is femibifid, longer
than the germen, and has a dent on each fide at
the bafe, which is wanting in the preceding
fpecies : the fegments are acute, and often of a
dark red colour.

** Bidbis rctundis,

pahidofa 5. OPHRYS bulbo fubrotundo, fcapo fubnudo, pen-
tagono, foJiorum apicibus fcabris, ncctarii labio
integro. Sp. pi. 1341. i^Pluk. aim, /. 247. /. 2.
Vet. herb. i. 70, /. 1 7)

Marfli Opkrys. An^^Jis.

We have received information that this has been
found in feme maifhes near St. Andrews, but \vc
do not affirm it from our own knowledge. 1;.
VIII. IX.

The root confifts of one, and fometimes more
bulbs growing one above another, with fibres
fnooting from their bafe : tlie iialk is about a
finger's length, and has two or three alternate
oval-lanceolate leaves near its bafe, having their
inner margin towards the top ferrulated and
rough to the touch : the flowers are numerous,
twenty or thirty in a fpike, of a ycllowilh green
colour : the fide petals fold back and Hand e'recl ;
the lip of the ve'^arium is lanceolate and enrire.

SERAPIAS

hitifcUa u

GYNANDRIA DIANDRJA.

SERAPIAS. Gen.pl 1012.
Ne^ariwn ovatum, gibbimi, labio ovatoi

SERAPIAS bulbis fibrofis, foliis ovatis ampJexi-
caulibus, floribus pendulis. Syji. nat. 593. Scop.
Cam. 1 1 28. {Ger. em. ^^i- f. i. Rivin. t. 6.
Halkr. hift. 1297 /. 40. opt.)

Broad-leavM Helleborine. Anglis.

In woods, but not very common, as at Chatelher-
aiilt^ near Hamilton. Dr. Parfons. And in the
wood oi Comriey in Strathearn. SibbaU, %, VIl.
Vlll.

The flails: is erecl, firm, Oightly villolej a cubit or
more high, and furnilhed with fix or eight ner-
vous ovai leaves, the lowermoft broad and ob-
tufe, the uppermoft narrower and lanceolatCj
degenerating gradually into JiipuU. The fpike
is about fix inches long, confifting of nearly 30'
nodding flowers, which often lean to one fide
of the ftalk : the hra5fe£ are longer than the
flowers : xh^ germen is downy, pendulous, of a
pear-fhaped form, flreaked with three elevated
ridges, and fupported by a peduncle. The three
upper petals of the flower are of a green cdour,
oval-acute form, and flightly villofe on the up-
per fide : the lateral ones are a little Ihorter, of
a more tender texture, of a white colour, with
a little tinge of green ; twe petals connive
at firft, bur afterwards recede and fl:and open :
the neSfarium is an oval cavity, moiflened with
a green liquor, and furniilied with white ereft

' ■ GY^;ANDRIA DIANDRIA. fjil

marginal appendages: the lip is heart- fiiaped,
the ^n^ acute and deflexed, and commonly of a
whitifli, or a pale red colour, but ibmetimes
this and the v/hole f.ower is of a dark red, or
blood colour. The capfule is obtufely triangu-
lar, has three valves and one cell.

^ahjiris 2. SERAPIAS bulbis fibrofis, foliis enfiformibus,
fefTilibus, floribus pendulis, nedarii labio ob-
tufoj fubferrato, petalis longiore.

S. longifolia Lin. Sy/}. 7iat. 5^3. S. palujlris. Seep,
FL Cam. 1129. H^lkborine palujlris nqjlras. Rail
Syn. p. 384 n. 9. {Ri-vin, t. 3. Haller.hiji. 1296*
t. 39. bona. Oed. Dan. L 267. opt.)

Marfh Helleborine. Anglis,

In rough boggy paiiures and marfhes, but not
common. We obJerv'd it in fome bogs near
Thmtulm caftle, in the ifle of i:>kye. %. VII.

The flowers grow about fifteen or twenty in a loofe
fpike. The germen is viliofe, and of a dark red
or purpliih colour. The three exterior petah
are green mix'd with red, and flightly pubefcenr.
The lateral ones are white with a red blufh : the
lip hangs down out of the flower, and is heart-
fhap'd, obtufe, white, flightly ferrated, and plait-
ed on the margins, and often emarginated : the
7ie5farium is marked with red lines and yellow
tuberculous fpots. This is enough to diftin-
guifh it from the preceding, and the whole ha-
bit of the plant declares it to be a different
fpecies.

SERAPIAS

5 us ' o i^NANDRIA DIANDRIA.

randljlora SERAPIAS bulbis fibrofis, foliis enfiformibus, flo-

3- ribus ercclis, neflarii hbio obtufo petalis

brcviore. Syjl. nat. 594. S. lofigifolia. Sp. -pL

1-2,^^. (Moris, kijl. f. 12. t, 11. /. 12. Haller,

hift. J 298, /. 41, bona. Oed. Ban. t. 506, cpt-)

White-flowered Helieborine. Anglts,

In woods, but rare. We faw it in a wood at Loch-

Kanfa, in the ifle of Arran. '^. VI.
The leaves are variable, being fometimes of an
ovaLlanceolatc, but generally of a long-lanceo-
late form, TIiiLflovv^ers are large, erefl^fix or
eight in a thin fplke, fubtended by foliaceous
lanceolate Braoic^^ the lowermof!: of which arc
broad, and longer than the flowers : the petals
are all white, and connive together : the lip of the
neftarittm is enclos'd within the petals (not pen-
dant as in the preceding) and is white, ftreak'd
with three yellow prominent lines. T\\q germen
is erec^j and nearly feflile.

POLYANDRIA.

ARUM. Gen. pi. 1028.
Spatha monophyila, cucullata. Spadix llipra nu-
dus, inferne femineus, medio ilamineus.
maadaium ARUM acaulc, foliis haftatis integerrimis, fpa-
I- dice clavato. Sp. pi. 1370. (Ger. em. 834./. i.

Mcris. h?Ji. f. 13, /. 5, /. i, or dims infer ioris.,
Blackwell t. 228, Miller ic.t. 52,/. i, bona. Oed.
Dan. t. 505, opt.)

Wake-

GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA. ' 529

Wake-Robin or Cuckow-Pint. Anglis.
Under hedges and in fliady places, but not fo fre-
quent as in Ejigland. %. V.
The root is tuberous and flefhy, with fibres grow-
ing out of the bafe : the leaves are radical, fliap-
ed like the barb of an arrow, fupported on
footftalks, fmooth and glolTy, and often ftain'd
with dark or white fpots : the fpatha is whitifli,
deciduous, and fhap'd not unlike a hare's ear :
with.n it is a purple club-lhap'd7^;^i/>, the bafe
of which is furrounded with numerous ^tr;;;/;/^,
with many feffile quadrilocular Anthers above
them, and again over thefe fome roundifli Fa-
pillo'^ terminated with deflex'd hairs. The ber-
ries when ripe are fcarlet, full of juice, and con-
tain each one or two round, hard feeds, reticu-
lated on the furfacc.
The whole plant is extremely acrimonious to the
tafte, inflaming the mouth for a long time after-
wards •, but the roots when boil'd or dry'd lofc
all their acrimony, and become perfedly infipid,
and being of a farinaceous quality, have fometimes
been made into bread and flarch. They arc
efteem'd good in aftmatic complaints, and ob-
ftrudions of the Bronchia j but are rarely ufed
in the prefent pradtice.

ZOSTERA. Gen. pi. 1032.
Spadix linearis, altero latere fruftifero. Cat. o.
Cer. o. Stam. alterna. Sem. folitaria alterna.

M m ZOSTERA

BS'^ GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA.

marina u ZOSTERA pericarpiis feffilibus. Syji. nat. 605.
Sp. pi 1374. {Ger. em. 1569. /. 8. Oed. Dan, t.
1^. cpt,)

Grafs-WnKk. JngUs.

It is thrown up on the fea-coafts frequently. %*
VIII.

The leaves are long, narrow, linear, and grafs-like,
fheath'd with JiipuU at the bale. The flowers
grow on one fide of a thin fiat, Wncav fpad^Xy
^ imbedded in a cavity on one fide of the leaf,

at its bafe. The Jlamina and germina grow al-
ternate to each other upon thcfpadix, about ten
in number of each fort.

Linn-^us informs us, that the humble Inhabitants
of Gothland in Sweden condefcend to thatch their
houfes, fluff their beds, and manure their land
with this plant.

CLASSIS

M O N O E C I A. 531

C L A S S I S XXI.

M O N O E C I A.

MONANDRIA.

CHARA. ^ . s. 'Flos. mafc. Cal. nullus. Cor>
nulla.
S . s. Flos. fern. Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor.
nulla.
Siigma 5-fidum. Sem. i.
ZANNICHELLIA. $ . Cat. nullus. Cor. nulla.
? . Cal. i-phyllus. Cor. nulla i
Pijt. 4. Sem. 4.

* Callitriche vcrna.

D I A N D R I A.
LEMNA. ^. Cal i-phyllus. Qr. nulla.
?. Cal. I-phyllus. Ccr. nulla.
Styl. I. Ca-ps. i-locularis.

T R I A N D R I A.

CAREX. ^ . Amentum i-florum. Cor. nulla.
% . Ament. i-florum. Cor. nulla.
%/. I. Sem. I, tunicatum.
SPARGANIUM. $ . Cal. s-phyllus. Cor. nulla.
? . Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor, nulla,
Stig. 2. Sem. i-fperma.
TYPHA. <?. C^/. 3-phyllus. Cw'. nulla.

M m 2 C^/,

532 M O N O E C I A.

$ . Cal. capillaris. Cor. nulla.
Siyi. I. Sem. i, pappigerum.

T E T R A N D R I A.
ERIOCAULON. ^ . C^/ 2-phyllus. Cor. 2-petala.
$ . Cal. 2-phyllus. Cor. i-petala.
StyJ. 2-partitus. Caps. i-
cocca.
LITTORELLA. $ Cal. 4.phyllus. Cor. 4. par-
tita.
? . Cal nullus. Cor. obfoleta
^tyl longifiimus. Sem. Nux^
i-locularis.
URTICA. S. Cal 4-phyllus. Cor. nulla.
Ne^far. cyathiforme.
? . Cal. 2-valvi5. Cor. o. Stigm. villo-
fum.
Sem. I, ovatum.
BETULA. $ . Amentum 3-florum. Cor. 4-partita.
? . Ament. 2-florum. Cor. nulla,
Styl. 2. Sem. i, ovatum.

POLYANDRIA. (plura quani 7)

MYRIOPHYLLUM. S. Cal 4ph)llusi. Cor.

nulla. St am. 8.

? . Cal. 4-phyllus. Cor.

nulla. Yifi. 4. Sem, 4.

CERATOPHYLLUM. $ . Cal fub 7-partitus.

Cor, nulla. »S/^w. 18,
circiter.

Ca,

M O N O E C I A. 533

§ . Cnl fub 7-p3rt!tus,
Cor, nu'ls, pii^. j,
Sem. X.
FAGUS. ^. C^/. 5-fidus. Cor. nulla. 6'i(^»7. ia,
circiter.
? . CaL 4-fidus. Cor, nulla. Siyl- 3. Ctf/>j.
2-fpern:ia.
QUERCUS. S. CaK 5-fidns, Cor, nulla, St am.
10 circiter.
? . Cak integer. Cor^ nulla. .S/j/, 5,
A'/zx coriacea,
CORYLUS. 0* . ^^;?f;//«;72 imbricatum. C(?r, nul-
la, 6"/^^, 8.
? . CaL 2-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Styl.
2. iVi«.v nuda.
CARPINUS. $ . Ament. imbricatum. Cor. nulla.
St am. 10.
? . Ctf/. 6-fidus. Cor. nulla. P//?. 2.
Nux nuda.

M O N A D E L P H I A.

PINUS. ^ . CaL 4-phyllus. Cer, nulla. Stam,
plurima.
? . yimcnt, ftrobilaceum. Cor. nulla
P//?. 2. Nuccs 2, alatiE.

S Y N G E N E S I A.
BRYONIA. ,?. C^/. 5-dentatus. Cc^r. 5-partita,

Filam. 3.
? . O/. 5-dentatus. Cor. 5-partita.
SfjL 2 -fid. Bacca.

CLASSIS

534 MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

C L A S S I S XXI.

M O N A N D R I A.

ZANNICHELLIA. Gen.;pJ, 1034.
MASCULI. Cd. o. Cor. o.
FEMINEI. Cal. i-phyllus. Cor. o. Germina cir-
citer 4, Sem. totidem.
taluftris I. ZANNICHELLIA. Sp pi. 1375. {Pet. herb. t.
6. f. 2. Fluk. dm. t. 102,/. 7. Mkh. gen. t. 34.
/. I, 2, bona. Oed. Dan. t, 6j.)
Horned Pond weed, ylnglis.
In ditches and flagnant waters, g. VIIT.
The ftalk is greatly branched, weak, jointed, and ■
floats in the water : the leaves are fetaccous, or
very narrow and grais-like, and grow out of the
joints, fubtended by a broad flieathing Jlipula :
the germina are a little rough, gibbous, and
grow four or fix in a whirl at the joints : the an-
thera is fupported by a long filament, and grows
by itfelf a little below the germina:

CHARA. Maniifs. pi. gen. p. 23.

Gen. pi. 1203.

MASC. Cal. o. Cor. o. Anthera germini fubje(?i:a.

FEM, Cal. ji-phyllus. Cor. nulla. Stigma 5-fidum.

Senu I.

tHARA

MONOECIA MONANDRIA. 535

'J^^.r2S I. CHAR A caulibus Isevibus, frondibus interne den-

tatis. SyJ}. nat. 61^. Spec. pi. 1624. {Bauh. Prodr,

ic. p. 25. Vaill.M. Paris, lyig.p. 23. L 3. f. 1)

Common Cbara, or ftinking Water Horfctail.
j^nglis.

lu^ ditches where the water runs flowly not uncom-
mon. Dr. Parfons.
The ftalks are ■ branched •, when young fmooth,
ilrait#^, and flexible •, but wh.en grown to ma-
turity, more rigid, and incruQed with a kind of
tophaceous coat, which is hke fand between the
teeih. When dry'd they are extremely brittle.
The leaves are fetaceous, and grow verticillate,
eight or nine in a whirl. The pericarpium is a
yellow or fcarlet cruft or berry : they grow about
two from the aU of each whirl, of an oblong
form, replete with many black feeds. The
whole plant has a flrong difagreeablc fmell like

garlick or hemlock.

■'ifphla 2, CHARA caulibus aculeatis capillaribus confertis.

Syjl. nat. 613. Sp. pi. 1624. {Vaill. a5t. Paris.

1719. p. 18. /. 3./. 3. Pluk. aim. t. 193. /. 6.

Oed. Dan. t. 1 54 J
Prickly Chara. Anglis.
In ditches and lakes, as in Guilkn-Loch^ in Eaji-

hothian, near Lord Hyndfordh. Dr. Parfons.
The ftalk of this is a foot long, often fpirally

flreak'd, and together with the leaves covered

Viith numerous y^/;;w/^, which are never feen in

the

MONOECIA MONANDRIA.

the preceding. It is Incrufted, and fmells and
taftes like the C. znilgaris.

CHARA caulium arriculis inermibiis diaphanis fu-
perne latioribus. Syd, nal. 613 5^;. /;/. 1624.
(/'W/. a."!. Paris. 1719,/'. iH,/. 8, 9. Bilkn. i.
c. p. 59, /. 13,/. 2, Scbmiedel t. 14)

Pellucid pliant Chara. Anglls.

In lakes, as in Loch-Lomond^ by Dr. Tarfons. In
Hill-Loch, upon Creg-cbaillech, in BreadalbanCy
and at Cc^nrie^ a village four miles from Cr/V/r
Mr 6'///^r/.

1 he ilalks are eight or ten inches long, fidular^
tender, fmooth, flexible, and of a dull green
pellucid colour : the leaves are Imooth, linear,
fillular, T-ointed at the end, from four to ten or
jwelve in a whirl, often fubdivided into two and
iometimes into three forks or branches, at a
joir.t near their extremity : the whirls grow in
clufters towards the upper part of the ftalks,
iecondary ones being pioduced from the ala of
(he primary : the frudifications grow either fingle
or in pairs, feffile, and placed on the infide, at
the angle of the fork or branches abovemen-
tioned : thefe frudlifi cations appear at firft like
fmall round yellowifii grains, which afterwards
turn black, and are enclofed within a green
•LT-anfnarcr.r rind or pericarpiuni.

DIANDRIA.

MONOECIA DIANDRIA. 537

D 1 A N D R I A.

LEMNA. Gen. pi. 1038.

MASC. Cnl. nionophyllus. Cor. niMd.

FEM. Cal. monophyllus. Cor. nulla. Siyl. i.
Caps, nnilocularis.

LEMNA foliis petiolatis lanceolatis. Sp. pi. 13* 6.
(Ger. em. 830, /. 2, Michel, gen. t. 11, f. 5.
Roes. hifi. Polyp. /. 72, frontlfpiciali ad imum.)

Ivy-leav'd Duck's- Meat. Anglis.

In clear ftagnant waters, as in Didijlon-Loch. Dr.
Farfons. n. VI.

The ilalk is dichotomous, filiforme, and divari-
cated, having a lanceolate leaf at the angle of
the branches, but proliferous ones, terminating
the branches ; i. e. fimilar leaves growing out of
their fides at right angles : where thefe three
leaves are ccnjoin'd there flioots out a pendeni;
radicle, with a conical papilla at its bafe.

LEMNA foliis felnlibus utrinque planiufculis,
radicibus folitariis. Sp. pi. 12,-6. {Gcr. em 829,
KaiiSynops. 120. t. 4,/ i. Michel gen. t. i r, /.
^, Blacked, t. 580. Rocs. hljl.Fojp. t. 72 ^ 74,
f, 12.)

The lead Duck's Meat. Jr.glls.

In flagnant Waters common, o. VII.

It produces its fiowers in the Dog-days, which, to-
gether with the feeds, afford a nourilh-menc to
that wonderful animalcule cnlJed the Hvdra Pc-

:^^ MONOECIA DIANDRIA.

Ijpus. Lin. Ducks are well kaown to be fond
of this plant, and the Phakna Lemnata of Lin-
yiaus^ breeds upon it.

Vo'yrhlza 3 LEMNA fcliis felhlibus, radicibus confertis, Sp.
/• ^^11- {R^j- Syn. p. 129. /. 4. /. 2. Michel,
Xen.t, i\,f. i)

Great Duck's Me.u. ^^ngUs.

In ftagnant waters. G. VII.

The leaves of this are often red underneath : it
fmks to the bottom of the water in the Winter
fcafon, and rifes to the furface again in the
ISpring, ais does alfo the preceding, it is readily
diftinguilhed by having a clufter or pencil of ra-
dicles under each leaf-, whereas the preceding
has only one fingle radicle.

TYPHA. Gen. /;/. 10^0.
MASC. Amentum cylindricum. CaL obfoletus, tri-

phylhis. Cor. nulla-
F£M. Amentum cylindrxum infra mafcuios.
Cal. capillo villcfo. Ccr. o.
Sem. I, infidens pappo capillari.
i^iifclia I. TYPHA foliis fjbenfiformibus, fpica mafcula fe-
mineaq J approximatis. Sp. pL i^lT {Ger. em.
p. 46, Moris^ hiji, f. 8, /. 13./^ i, ordinis infe-
ricivis, bona J)
Great Cat's -Tail, or Reed-mace. Ang^is.
In the borders of ponds and lakes, as in Gofehurn-
J.cch^ about eight miles above Dumfries, in the

Black-

MOKOECJA DIAKDRIA. 539

Bi'ack-Lcch, at the top of the pari ill of Tiniz^rJdy
and in many other pidces and ftagnani: waters.
Dr. Burge/}, ii\ YIL

The ilalk is fix feet high : the leaves a yard long,
h.Trdly an inch Avide, convene on one fide: the
Amentum^ or cylindiical club, which terminates
the fialk, is about fix inches long, of a dark
brown or fuicous colour-'

Cattle will fometinies eat the leaves, but ^iihreher
thini:s them noxious : tlie roots have foir.edr.^cs
been eaten in fallads, and the down of the Amen-
tum ufed to fluff mattrclles and cufliions : and
Linn^us informs us, that the leaves are ufed by
the coopers in Sweden to bind the hoops of their
caikse \i\ EngJcivd the coopers ufe the ilalks of
the Scirpus lacuftris, or Bull-ruili, to fallen the
joints of the timber m the heads of their calks.
One ilalk opened longitudinally, and laid be-
tv/een each junclure, anfwers the intention, as
it prevents the oozing of the liquor through it.

SPARGANIUM. Gen. p!. 1041.

MASC. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus.

Cor. o
FEM, Amentum fubrotundum. CaL 3-phyilus.

Cor. o. Stigma 2-fidun").

Drtipa exfucca, i-fperma.

creclmn i. SPARGANIUM foiiis eredis triquetris. Sp.pi,
1378 {Ger. en?. 45. /. i.' Pet. herb, t.yi.f.g,

Moris.

540 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

hifi. f. 8. /. i^.f. I, ordinis medii. & ejusvarletas.
Ger. em. 45, f, 2. Pet. herh t. 72./. 10. Moris,
hifl.f. 8. /. 13,/. 3. ordinis medii.)

Upright Bur. reed. Anglis.

On the banks of lochs, and flagnant waters, not
iinfrequent. i;.Vl[,

The llalk is a yard high or more, ereft, firm, and
branched : rhe lower leaves are triangular, the
upper ones plain : the male Spharula terminate
the branches, are much fmaller than the echinated
female ones below them, and have fufcous An-
ihera-.

The variety of moft auth.ors, the figures of which
are above cired, has a (lalk not above a cubic
high, unbranched ; the leaves, fo far as we have
obferved, are nearly plain; and iht. Anther a oi
the male fphrerules of a pale yellow, or ftraw-co-

■ lour'd. Wc are inclined to think It a diftinft
ipecies. This is the kind which mod commonly
occurs in Scotland.

tciAns 2. SPAKGANIUM foliis decumbcntibus planis. 6/>.
pl.iZJ^. [Pet. herh. t.yi.f.ii. Oed. Dan. t. 260;
Floating Bur- reed. Anglis.

\x\ the fmaller lochs of the highlands and Hebrides
frequent, as in the i'ttle lochs between G;r^/ and
Little Breeze-bill, near Talijl'er, in Skye, and near
Duntuhn., in the fame ifland. In the lochs going
to Lead-begy from Littk-Lcch-Broomy m Rofs-

Jloire,

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 541

fhire. In the lochs of Brcadalbane^ Mr. Stuart.
In Loch-Lomond^ Dr. Parfons. It has been ob-
lerved alfo in the lowlands by Dr. Burgefs, as in
the Cajile-Lcch, near Lochmabsn, in the mofs ad-
joining to the lands of Myrefide^ in the parilh of
Holywood, near Dumfries, &c. %. VIII. IX.
The flalk is about two feet long, the leaves four,
narrow, and almofi: linear, being about i-4th
of an inch wide at the bafe, and i-8ch in the
middle, ending m a point. Wiien held up be-
tween the eye and the light they appear reticu-
lated, but this property is not peculiar to this
fpecies. The female fphjerules are commonly
three, the two lowermoft fupported on pedun-
cles, the uppermoft fcffile. The male ones are
generally three, and all feiTile ; the leaves float
upon the water like grafs -, but when the plant
Bowers, the ftalk is raifed above the water three
or four inches, the leaves dill continuing to float.

CAREX. Gen.pL 1046.
MASC. Amentum imbricatum. Cal, i-phyllus.

Cor. o.
FEM, Amentum imbricatum. Cal. i-phyllus.

Cor. o. Ne5fariurn inflatum, tridenta-
tum. Stigm. 3.

Sem. triquetrum, intra ncdarium.

* Spica unica JimpHci.

dioka I, CAREX fpica fimplici dioica. Sp. pi. 1379. (Mi-
chel gen. t. 32. /. I, Moris, hijl, /. g. /. 12.

MGNOECIA TRIANDRIA:

/^. 2 2. {7nas hon.) Ged. Dan. t. 569, mas 6? fcm,
opL)

Dioecious Carex. Anglis,

In boggy places in the highlands and Hehidcs, not
unfrequent. V- . VI.

The ilalk is round, Uriated, and about fix or feven
inches high. The leaves are narrow, almoft fe-
taceous, and about three or fouL inches long :
the n;ale ajid female fpikcs grow on d:ftindt
plants : the male is cylindrical, and about 3-4ths
of an inch long •, the female is at firll: oval, and
about i-4th of an inch long-, but in the feed-
ing {late is produced, beccmes cylindrical, and
is ofttn lenthened to half an inch. The ftyle
h;iS l\''/Ojligmaia.

We have ncvt-r yet been able to difcover any per-
mar.ent difference between the female of this
j'lajit and rhe car ex capitata of Lipnaus. The
ligures quoted by that author for the C. capital a ^
viz. Moris, hiji.j. 8./. 12./. 36. and Mich. gen.
t. 32. /. I, 2. do excdiy correfpond with the
kinale variety cf our plane, in i-ts different ftages
of growth. IJnn.-ctiS indeed affirms, that the
C. capitata has ibme male flovv'ers at the fummit
of the fpike •, but fo far as we have yet obferv'd,
this is by no means a conftant characleriflic.
Thofe plants that have male flowers are rarely
feen, and mixed with them arc more individuals
that have none. The figure of Oed. Fl. Dan,
t. 372. (fuppos'd by that author to be the C. ca-
ptaia Lin ) we knew nothing of. It bids more

fair

/'

Ca7?r.ay.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA. 54^

fair to be a Scirpus than a Carex, at lead it has
no male flowers nor radical leaves, which are
defcribed as belonging to the C capital a Lin.

CAREX fpica fimplici androgyna-, flofculis plu-
ribus, mafculis terminalibus imbricatis, capfu-
lis retroiiexis, C. pulicaris Lin.fp.pL 13 So. cba-
ra£ierihm erasndatis. {Mich. gen. /- 33./. i. Pluk.
phyt. t. 34-/. 10. Oed. Dan. t. 166 !^ non bene.
Moris, h'jl.f. \l. t. 12. f. 21. opt )

Flea Carex. Anglis.

In bogs frequent. %■ . VI.

The llalk is round and flriated, except being a
little flat on one fide, and is about five or fix
inches high : the leaves are very narrow, almoil
letaceous, a^^d, when the plant is in flower, ge-
nerally longer than the fl:alk : the fpike is about
^-4ths of an incl^ long» fometimes an inch, ter-
minated with a narrow cylinder of feverai male
fiowers which are diciduous : the females aro
about fix or eight, placed underneath them in
the fame fpike, at firft eredly imbricated, but
afterwards horizontal, and in the feeding fi:atQ
deflex'd, and of a bkfkifli colour. The ftyle
is terminated with only Vf^oftigmata.

paucifiora'2, CAREX fpica fimplici androgyna; floribus fe-
mineis fubternis remotiufculis patentibus, maf~
culo unico terminaii. [fig-'nofi.)
Pew- flower'd Carex. Anglis.

We

544 MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

We found this new fpecies of Carex in one place
oniy, viz. In a boggy foiJj about half-way up
the mountain of Coatfidd^ in the ille of Arran^
near a place where peat is dug, in the aiccnt
from Brodzvick caftie. Mr. Ba/ih has found the
fame on the coaft of Labr adore. %. VI.
The italk is at a medium four inches high, ob-
Icurely triangular, fmiooth, ftriated, and fur-
nifhed commonly with two fmooth, grafs like
leaves, the uppermoft of which is longeft, but
generally fiiortcr than the ftalk. The fpike is
at firfl clofe, and about i-Sth of an inch Ion?
confiiLing of only one pale brown male flower
at the top,' and fometimes twor but more com-
monly three greenilli, long-acute female ones
underneath. The miale after flowering is deci-
duous, and the capfulcs become patent and
nearly horizontal. The ftyle has fometimes two,
but comm.only ihvQcJli^mata.

incur "J ^ 4.

** Spin's Gndrcgynis.

CAREX fpica conica, (. fpiculis congeflis andro-
gynis jeffiiibus compofita, involucro nullo, cul-
mo incurvo. (vid.Jig. noji.)

Cloved Carex. Anglis.

This new fpecies of Carex was communicated^ bv
Dr. Hope^ the prefent ingenious profefTor of bo-
tany in Edinburgh. It was difcovered in deep
loofe fea-fand, at the mouth of the water of
Naver^ and near Skelherry, in DunrcJnefSy in

Shetla^id. %. VII.

The

<