^«^ ^^' ■*■•- ^- •^■ •^"IK; r=«^' J^^ .■4fc,'«3 4* k^v/4:' ''^ .^: .^^ ^r.^^t^ ^:- ^X^; '>■'> ^ ■f- ;^^- .r^irtj^ 3... '^ "^ '*r^x:^- ^ .<^ ^ ^ /^ '^ /^^^ i^- ^^4^\ t-. ^;->---t L^^' -^^/^^ ^%^'vX' J^^ [Reprinted from Torreya, Vol. 7, No. 9, September, 1907.] THE DATES OF RAFINESQUE'S NEW FLORA AND FLORA TELLURIANA By John Hendley Barnhart As far as I am aware, no question has ever been raised con- cerning the rehability of the dates given on the title-pages of any of the works of Rafinesque. His Autikon Botanikon, to be sure, is dated 18 15-1840, while no portion of the text was published until 1840; but this text was intended to illustrate an herbarium which the author had accumulated during the years 181 5-1840, so that the meaning of the date he gives is manifest. About a year ago I noticed in the Flora Telluriana (4 : 27) a brief criticism of Gray's monograph of the Melanthaceae of North America, which was not published until November, 1837 ; * and this, of course, showed that Ratinesque's criticism could not have been published earlier than that date. A hurried examination revealed further internal evidence of the erroneous dating of the Flora Telluriana and its companion-work, the New Flora of North America, but the investigation of the subject was not carried very far at that time. When the last number of the North American Flora was in press, it became necessary for Dr. Small to decide upon the relative priority of Mesynuini Raf. (" 1836") and Catliartolinuni Reichenb. (1837), and this led to the study of which the results are here reported. The New Flora of North America was undertaken by Rafin- esque as a supplement to the works previously published by others upon the same topic ; and as a result of his labors upon ' * Gray, A. Melanthacearum Americae Septentrionalis Revisio. Ann. Lye. Nat. _ Hist. N. Y. 4 : 105-140. N 1837. ? 177 I 178 it. he was lc»»••<«•" BY PROF. RAFINESQUE. FIRST PART. PHILJIDELPHIA -■^•#«««-. 1836. 1 FLOKA TELLliRJANA PARS PRIMA. INTROD ET CLASSIFIC. AD MANTISSA SYNOPTICA 2000 INOVA GEr^JERA PLiAi^TAKUHl VEL NOV. ORD. ET SPEC. IN ORBIS TELLURIANUM Deterni. coll. inv. ohs. et descr. ad C. S. RAFINESaUE, Bot. Prof. &c. . Ann. 1796 ad 1836. P HILADELPHIjl 1836. OF THE SYNOPTICAL FLORA TELLUIUANA, INTRODDOT-ON &. OLASSinOATlOJST, With new Natural Classes, Orders and fami- lies: preamble of the 2000 New or revised Gen- era and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Aigas, Fungi ifec. from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1830, BY, Cj K RAFINESaUE, A. M. Prof, of Botany, historical and natural scien- ces— member of many learned Societies in Paris, Vienna, Bruxelles, Bonn, Bordeaux, Zurich, Naples Slc. Philadelphia, New York, Cincinnati, Lexington, &c. To observe and compare, to correct or approve By good names and new facts that convince and improve. PHILADELPHIA : PRINTED FOR TH£|ilUTHOR BY H. PROBASCO, NO. 119, NORTH FOURTH ST. 1836. Les nomsfont Us choses. Names realize Entities. Plus nos noms sont generaux, plus non id^es sont incompletes — Plus nous avons de noms, plus elles se completent. Lamark, Leach &c. DEDICATION. To Decandolle and Agardh worthy Im- provers, and esteemed fellow laborers — and to all the Botanists aiming to improve the lovely Science of Botany by accuracy and discrimina- tion, or who may wish to discard the Errors, Misnomers and Absurdities of former times or our own — These synoptical labors of accurate observations, proper distinctions, good denomi- nations and correct analysis, the result of forty years of botanical researches and travels — ARE INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. NOTICE. This whole work will comprize 6 similar parts, including 2000 new Genera and Species, with many new natural orders and families. This first part containing the Introduction and Classification. Price of the whole work $ 5, each part one Dollar. This work is a sequel to the New Flora of North America, and is the complement of the author's Botanical Works — The Genera of fos- sil plants and primitive types of our actual vege- tation may be a subsequent sequel to this. My Fauna Telluriana or Synopsis of the new animals, living and fossil. Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, Crustacea, Shells, Polyps &c. which I have observed or ascertained be- tween 1796 and 1836 will form the complement of my discoveries and researches on organized beings. INTRODUCTION. It is the duty of all the observers of natural productions to communicate their discoveries and researches. When a botanist has spent a long life in travelling over both hemispheres, collecting 100,000 botanical specimens, draw- ing 2000 plants, and discovering a multitude of new objects, as I have done : this duty becomes still more imperative. When to these exertions he may have added deep researches in the criti- cal examination of many thousands specimens of plants from all parts of the Earth; and in consulting Books and Libraries, former authors and figures. Gardens and Herbals ... as I have also done, this duty assumes the aspect of ne- cessity ; particularly if what he has ventured to publish heretofore in unconnected works, has not been widely spread nor duly appreciated or quoted, owing to the difficulty of times, circum- stances, shipwrecks, or scattered tracts in re- mote places. Such having been my case ; I felt the need of revising and combining all my botanical labors, both published and unpublished, while I was engaged in printing my New Flora of North America, a kind of Mantissa or Supplement to all the previous Floras of that continent by Lin- neus, Clayton, Michaux, Muhlenberg, Pursh, Robin, Nuttal, Torrey, Beck, Bosc, Lamark, Hooker, Elliot, Eaton, Riddell, Bigelow, &c. Besides the numerous plants unnoticed by them, I found so many Species and Genera blended or in disorder, that it required a very extensive critical survey of those connected thereto else- where, to compare and ascertain the truth. o i.\'n:oDi cTioN. I'hus 1 was induced to begin a complete re- visal and critical examination of all doubtful or involved (icnera chiefly ; of which the number is incredible, owing to the absurd usual mode of forming Genera by a single sp. or a few only, to which others are referred at random^ by mere habit, external appearance, or in spite of pecu- liar generic features or characters. In fact when Linneus began a Century ago to reform Botany, he was compelled to go on by gradual steps ; any other mode would have been too abrupt. He had the merit to fix Gen- eric names, and to invent Specific names, ad- ding to these a short diagnosis in imitation of the former phaseologic names. It has been very well observed that the speci- fic diagnosis or essential character of plants can only become fixed, when all the Species of a Genus are known ; which will never happen un- til the whole Earth is explored thoroughly. Thus the epitomic characters applied to Sp. by Linneus, have been found totally inadequate and inacurate, always involving many distinct species. Botanists were compelled to change and swell them gradually to a kind of epitomi- cal description, until they have lately run into the opposite extreme, and Hooker has even some of 75 words ! or as long as a common min- ute description. It is our duty to seek the most conspicuous, constant or discriminating, and to reduce them to the most essential terms in the least compass. Generic diagnosis were also too much con- densed by Linneus and his school; they have been improved by making them essential in their respective tribes, and adding some import- ant features of the habit, inflorescence A-c. The INTRODUCTION. 9 generic descriptions of Linneus in his Genera plantarum are totaly useless, since they were made upon one or a few sp. alone, which are not even mentioned . . . ! and almost never apply to the whole Genus, when it has many species. As to the sexual system, once so much insisted upon, I have lived to see it exploded, as such unnatural and indelicate system deserved. The beautiful natural method, the same pursued by Linneus for animals, has taken its place, in spite of sturdy opposition or delayed assent. But un- fortunately often falling into reluctant hands the substitute has not yet reached its due per- fection like Zoology. If my suggestions in 1814 in Principles of Somiology, and in 1815 in Ana- lysis of Nature had been attended to, it might have been otherwise ; but the best Botanists per- sist to this day in making classes, orders, fami- lies or tribes without available and distinguish- ing essential characters, common to all the refer- ed Genera. While Sir James Smith the friend of Lin- neus, and possessor of his Herbarium, corrected so many of his glaring mistakes in Rees Cyclo- pedia: he expressed his deep regret at the im- pending fall of his beautiful botanical fabric: which implied a wish to retain his erroneous'sys- tem, Genera and Species. Such as the shame- ful and patched up Genera Sophora, Geran- ium^ Cactus^ Mimosa^ Lichen, Conferva, Ac- rostichum, and 300 like them, that have been split and reformed even by the Linneists. A number of less enlightened pupils or tena- cious worshipers of the Linnean System, have insisted on preserving all its inconsistencies and blunders, had Genera and Species. Others like Thunberg, Wildenow, Persoon, Smith, have 8 1(0 IMRODUCTIOxN. more or less corrected them : which was called a mutilation by some worshipers of his Errors. Most of them have still insisted on the pervert- ed axiom that the Genus gives the character ! which for them meant that the Linnean bundle of plants, called a Genus, was to afford a com- mon loose generic definition, whatever might be the essential features peculiar to each Sp. wrongly put in the bundle. I was compelled to transpose this axiom, by maintaining that tJw character makes the Genus, or that no proper Genus can exist without a character applying to all the species it contains. This principle fully applies also to Tribes or families, Orders and Classes ; altho' quite neglected by the actual Botanists, who do for them what Linneus did for genera. - My own improvements in finding discrimina- ting characters for all generic and other groups extend chiefly to frame none but positive and exclusive characters of a permanent nature in contrast — and besides to shorten long descrip- tions by avoiding repetitions, or merely stating how a Genus may differ from another, which always implies that they agree in every thing else. Every Genus ought to find a place in the natural method, when properly known : none but those partialy described can be doubtful. Hence Jussieu was wrong in having so many Genera inserta sedis, which no one could find by his method, with so many G. improperly added to families ; while both were often types of new families since estabhshed. But Linneus, Adan- son, Necker . . . did worse in forming many families of plants loosely connected by habit rather than the fructification. INTRODUCTION. 11 Since Gaertner anatomy of seeds, too much stress has been laid upon this internal structure; which is unavailable for practical purposes, and only useful in botanical physiology. If every one was compelled to dissect a seed or an egg, before he could ascertain the Genus or family of a Plant or Bird, the sciences of Botany and Zoology would become unattainable. The axiom of Lamark that prolific Genera ought to be divided, holds true for most of them, as much for Carex, Euphorbia, Vaccinium, Solarium 6^c. as for Sclrpus, Geranium, Ama- ryllis, Lichen, and all the polymorphous G. For instance, in Grasses and Lilies, the num- ber of Stamens and Stigmas is generic ; so im- portant as to divide Families: Jussieu has based thereon many of his families, and the sections of grasses. A great advantage results from multiplying good Genera: since by it we lessen the con- stant repetitions of many common characters. But when Lamark said that small Genera might be conveniently united, he overlooked that Na- ture does not limit them in that way ; but ad- mits of many distinct Genera of one or few spe- cies, either as late deviated types, or remains of nearly extinct types of generic forms. Be- sides, most of the Linnean Genera of one Sp. have been found to have several, when the earth has been better explored ; this was the case with Kuhnia, Parnassia, Hydrastis, Fragaria, Dionea, Hippuris, Gaura, Samo- lus, Oryza, &c. The type of a family may also be single at first, but soon becomes multiple, when we explore the Earth. Meantime since the Linnean period, his own attempt at the enunciation of Natural Orders, 12 INTRODUCTION* without characters ! perhaps based on his own views of the transmutation of characters, has been much modified, ampHfied and improved ; and even the transmutation of Species and Ge- nera insisted on by some : yet the more rational opinion of Necker that Species alone could (at least in the actual state of our Globe) be multi- plied as breeds of their peculiar Genera, has been little attended to, probably owing to his deviation of terms, since he insisted on con- sidering the natural Orders as Genera, these as mere Species, and our Species as Proles or Breeds. The subject of specific varieties was much neglected by Linneus, and left to the Horticulturists, and yet he admitted of Pelorian Genera, Hybrid Species and permanent va- rieties. If 40 years of botanical observations, with many herborizations in similar spots of North America at a distance of 32 years, may entitle me to state my impressions on this abstruse sub- ject, and add my testimony thereto, I must de- clare my conviction that 1. Vegetation produces only individuals! whose permanence is limited by their life. Our Species, Genera, Families, and Orders are well known to be mere abstract terms of successive groups, formed by a Syn- thetic operation of our mind, in order to study more conveniently such collective groups of In- dividuals. Their permanence in continual suc- cession of forms can only be temporary : since their permutation of forms takes place sponta- neously in their natal soils, as well as our gar- dens where it is increased by art; while new varieties and species were often met by me at long intervals in wild places well explored be- INTRODUCTION. 13 fore, grown from seeds of akin species. See my remarks and facts collected in my new Flora. 2. Plants vary gradualy, in features, aspect, size, color k.c. — These worthy laborers de- serve our thankful gratitude: and it has been properly deemed that every word they have set down in their icritings is of real value ; such actual observers alone mainly increase the range of Science; Researches in Gardens, Herbals and Libraries only come next: I am at least one of them, if no more, and I belong to both hem- ispheres. Another Class of Botanists by publishing col- lections of splendid botanical figures, have af- forded many materials; but their costly works, whose figures and descriptions do not always agree, are often beyond common reach. Such are Jacquin, Ventenat, Delille, Labillardiere, Oeder, Sibthorp, Lheritier, Catesby, Redoute, Ruiz and Pavon, Curtis, Sims, Ker, Andrew, Lindley, Hooker, Cavanilles, Tenore, Humboldt, Delessert, Roxburg, &c. INTROniCTWN. 21 Others have issued annals or journals of Bot- any, else vast compilations or Encyclopedias of Botany, where are found many useful accumu- lated materials ; such were Lamark and Poiret, the dictionaries of Nat. history, Dumont-Cour- set, Miller and Martyn, Smith in Rees, Loudon &.C. I have read and consulted them all : with many more here omitted, and even some au- thors of rare works seldom quoted; such as Petagni, Vitman, Scopoli, Gouan, Bartram, Llave, Legarza, Dumont, Fontenille, Cupani, Chabreus, Gilbert, Thouars, Loureiro, Lunan, Russel, Clarke, Robin ... In all there was something to glean. Yet the result of all my researches upon these former writers, has been merely with the view to rectify their mistakes and generic blunders, or add to their knowledge. This work is not to be a compilation of their labors; but rather a supplement to all theirs, and the complement to my own. The fields wherein I was led to seek for original knowledge, were Italy and the South of France from 179G to 1802. North America 1802 to 1804. Italy and Sicily from 1805 to 1815. Spain and the Azores in 1815. North America again from Canada and Boston, to the Mississipi and Apalachian mts. during 1616 to 1836. My travels and researches may be seen in my TJfe of Travels published this year 1836. I have chiefly studied and collected plants in their native wilds, from the Summit of Etna to the falls of Niagara: but I have also visited many botanical and private Gardens in Mar- seilles, Genoa, Pisa, Leghorn, Palermo, Messi- na, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Albany, Cincinnati, I^exington, Washington, &c. where T2 INTRODUCTION. I examined many exotic or rare Genera. My own library and Herbals of botanical specimens, with the public or private collections of books, figures and plants, have afforded me many ma- terials. Every Genus which I venture to es- tablish has usualy been examined alive or dried, or I have had a good figure or good description to depend upon, sometimes both, or even all those means combined. A complete Catalogue of all my botanical works and tracts will be found in chronological order in my Herharium Rajinesquianum 1833. Most of them are now collected in my Ameni- ties of Nature. In 1808 by publishing my N. G. with 69 N. Sp. of North America — In 1810 my N. animals and plants of Sicily, 21 N. G. 80 N. Sp. of plants — my career of discoveries was be- gun. In 1814 my chief works were Compendium of Discoveries, with 14 N. G. 78 N. Sp. of plants — 22 N. G. and 30 N. Sp. of plants in my Cyclopedical Journal — besides the principles of Somiology wherein I gave the rules of natural classification for animals and plants : with prin- ciples of nomenclature. In 1815 my main work Analysis of Nature wherein I indicated 310 families of plants properly distributed into 66 Orders and 10 Classes. As Decandole had then only 150 families, 160 of mine were then new, altho' many have since been adopted with- out due credit for my previous sagacity and good names. Also my Chloris Etnensis publish- ed in Recupero history of Etna, classed natur- aly. My florula Ludoviciana of 1817 had 30 N. G. and over 160 N. Sp. admitted from Robin ; I was blamed for having done for him what INTRODirCTIOX. 23 Gronovius did for Clayton, and Wildenow for Loureiro ! My florula Mandanensis and Missurica based upon the plants and specimens of Bradbury, Lewis, Miller and Beck, written between 1817 and 18*20, but never published, and a copy sent to England was lost. Other similar mpts. of mine, yet unpublished, I deem useless to enu- merate. Between 1816 and 1818 I rectified many er- rors of Pursh, Nuttal, Barton, Bigelow, Elliot &c. in reviews, and published 40 new plants In 1819 my 50 N. G. of American plants were published in Journal de physique of Paris. In 1820 my annals of nature had 25 N. G. and 124 N. Sp, of animals and plants, and my monographs of Rubiacea, Rosa, Houstonia, Lysimachia, Convolvulus &c. were published in the A finales des Sciences physiques of Bruxels. In 1825 I proposed 66 American N. G. in my Neogenyton. In my Medical flora of the United States 1828 to 1830 I gave many N. Sp. and figures, with monographs of Vitis, Genti- ana, Heuchera, Trillium, Unisema, <^c. In 1830 and 1831 I sent to Decandole at his request several mpts on 16 New families, and 175 New Genera of Plants chiefly North Amer- ican, among which 60 N. G. of Composite be- sides 90 New Species of the same Order, and 45 N. Sp. of other orders, with 188 Specimens of rare, new or doubtful plants. In my Atlantic Journal 1832 to 1833, I gave 150 N. G. or Sp. of Plants. In 1833 was be- gun my Herhar. Raf. with many new plants, Genera, and Catalogues of my discoveries, bo- tanical collections «fcc. Altho' I am a drafl;sman, and can draw niy Zi INTIIODUCTION. New plants, I liave seldom been able to publish my figures. My edition of Cupani, and the Amer. plants engraved before 1815, were lost plates and all in my Shipwreck of 1815 with my herbarium, only few copies have survived. I only gave 100 wooden cuts in my medical flora, and about 80 in my School of flora; 36 in Amer- ican Florist, cheap popular works. Thus I re- solved to publish my 500 Icones rariorum in mpt. and also my Autikon Botanikon or Self figures by Specimens of 2500 new or rare plants^ to be sold at the same rate as the actual usual printed figures. At last in 1836 I began to print my New Flora of North America, Supplemental to all the others, with 1000 N. Sp. at least; which has led to the actual Synopsis or Mantissa, as a re- capitulation of all my scattered works and ob- servations, or their principal facts. As to classical arrangement I have aimed at none at first, because my own natural improved families, now amounting to 375 would have still more staggered the reluctant Botanists. I di- vide this work in Centuries with numbers, keep- ing often together akin Genera. — This is the actual plan of many books of botanical novelties. Hooker, Lindley &.c. The alphabetical order would have been useless where so many new Names occur, but Indexes shall be given, tables of Natural Orders at the outset, and a general classification at the end of the whole work. Those ajithors who admit only what they see, or upon trust of particular friends, would not proba- bly pay more attention to my researches, if given under any other garb. Those who seek for truth and new materials, will easily find both here, and mould them into their own shape or INTRODUCTION. 25 method. Whoever may wish for further proof in costly figures and specimens will find them in my Icones and Autikon (and possess them by buying them), else in the N. Amer. plants of my Flora : meantime this work is perhaps the first ever published in America on General Classical Botany; and it will be a mine of bota- nical knowledge, to those willing to avail them- selves of such help any where. Such have been my labors and exertions in my favourite Science, the most amiable of all, and the earliest as it shall be the latest of my pur- suits thro' life. Reader, kind or unkind . . ! do not disdain these results of long experience and criticism ; dismiss bad names and groups ; adopt or further improve my generic and tribal clus- ters. They are the natural evolution of spon- taneous vegetable life exerted in wisdom thro' ages. Imitate my zeal, and be happy in the lovely study of flowers. To seek the truth in floral gifts concealing, Is pleasing task; to lofty minds remaling Their secret beauties clad in bright array, T7iSit wisdom teach and to the mind convey. 2(> NATl KAL CLASSIFICATION. N ATUIiA L CLASSIFICATION. The fathers and improvers of the Natural method have not settled, which are to be the first and last Genera in the serial arrangement. Adanson in 17G3 began with Tremella, ending with the Mosses, thus going in a circle. He was followed by Scopo'i who began with Incompletes ending with Fungi, but Linneus from the Palms to Fungi. Jussieu in 1789 began with Mucor ending with Abii'S, from the most simple plant to the loftiest trees. Decandole in his flora gallica 1806 began with Nostoch ending with Jictea. In his synopsis plantarum he has re- versed this order in imitation of Zoology, be- ginning with Clematis. Necker in 1790 began with Itnda in the Radiate, ending with the Confervas. Therefore I thought in 1815 that I could im- prove thereon by beginning with Rosa., the queen of flowers, as Homo is the king of ani- mals! ending witlt Mucor., but now I end with Spunges. 'I'he most perfect flower ought to open the descending Series of organization, and not the Umbellifera of Lindley series. Agardh has again taken the ascending series and be- gun with Fungi in 1822. Thus they all differ in this, and do not agree better in their clusters of Classes, Orders and families. From Cesalpini who in 1583 made the first attempt at a natural method to our days, all the methods are variable ; but begin to improve since Adanson or rather Jussieu, and have increased from his 58 families to nearly 400; which have been called Sub-Orders, Sub- NATURAL CLASSIFICAMO.N. 27 families, Sections, and even Cohorts and I^e- gions by some drillers. I have contended with Linneus and Jussieu, that we ought to have only natural Classes and Orders, but admit families as main Sections of Orders, and many other Sections, in all to help the analysis. The natural method may become strictly analytical, as much so as in Zoology; whence I perceived that Botany could be ana- lyzed in a paralel number of Classes, if not of Orders with Animals ; each as distinct of each other as are Birds, Fishes, Worms, &c. Having read and studied whatever has been added or stated on natural Botany since 1815, I have not found needfid to change materialy my proposed improvements matured between 1800 and 1815 ; as to Orders, but some new Classes and families must be added, or find a place in my method, which has the advantages of facility, universality and exclusiveness, or general application, and easy analysis by ex- clusive characters of all the groups, like the analytical tables of Lamark. Having published nearly 200 such new fami- lies in my analysis of Nature 1815, fixing them by mentioning their generic types, I deem pro- per to lay claim to the following, dating as ear- ly. They are all exclusive and different from the 100 of Jussieu. TABLE OF NEAV NATURAL FAMILIES And their tvpes in 1815. I. Class, Eltrogines, Rosa the first Genus, type of real Rosaceous plants. 1. Senticosia, types (xenera Ruhiis, Fra~ garla, ^c. 2. PoTERiDTA, types Poterhint, Af^rimoina. 28 NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. i8. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. GoNOLiGiA, type Alchemilla, Sibbaldid. Spireadia, type Spirea. TiiYLAxiA, type Zanthoxylum. AcHENOPsiA, types Coriaria^ Aylanthus. TiiALicTRiA,types, Thalk'trnm., Tetracera Peonidia, types, Peonia, Caltha. Hetralonia, types Aconitum, Nigella. Axarcodia, types Moi'us, Artocarpus, Endophoria, Mesophoria, Ulmidia, Amyridia, Rivinidia, Phylicia, Peplidia, Dionidia, Violidia, Iberidia, Isatidia, Alyssinia, Hesperiiiia, Sinapidia, Fictis, Dorstenia. Xanthium. Llmiis, Celtis. Amyris. Rivinia, Phylica, Ceanothus. Peplis^ Ammania. Dionea^ Monotropa? Viola. Iberis. Isatis. Alyssnm. Hesperis. Sinapis. These 5 from 20 form the Order of Cruciferous. Acteasia, type Actea. Glinidia, Tragidia, Phalarsia, Ricinidia, Droseria, Empetridia, Alsinia, Linidia, Tamarixia, Passiflorea, Striirilidia, Gordonisia, (iossypidia. Glinus. JVagia. Cliiytia. Ricmus, Acalypha. Drosera, Parnassia. Empetrum. Arenaria, Cerastiiim. Linum. Tamarix. Passijlora. StrigUia. Gordonin. Gossypium. NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 2\) 39. Malopidia, type Malope, Palaria. 40. Zeibania, type Zeiba. 41. Celosidia, '" Celosia. 42. Loasinia, " Loasa. 43. Andirania, " Andira. 44. Arthrocytia, " Hedifsarum. 45. Diadelphia, " Lathyrus^ TrifoUum. 46. Anthylidia, " Ononis, Anthijlis. 47. Amorphinia, " Amorphns. 48. Bauhinidia, " Bauhinla. 49. Cassinia, " Cassia, Mimosa. 50. Prosopia, " Moringa. 51. Dalidia, " DaJea. The above from 43 to 51 are families or sections of the great Natural Order CvTEANrriiA or Leguminose 5*2. Rhodoracea, type Rhodora. II. Class. Mesogines. 53. Sarcoditia, type Cotijlaria. 54. Contortia, " Siapelia, Echites. 55. Nolanidia, " Nolana. 56. Echidia. •' Echium. 57. Monieridia, " Monniera. 58. Dichondrania, " Dichondra, 59. Staticidia, " Statice. 60. Cuscutaria, " Cuscuta, Evolvidus, 61. Cressaria, " Cressa. 62. Ilexia, " Hex, Cordia. 63. Chironidia, " Spigelia, Exacum. 64. Gratiolidia, " Gratiola. 65. Clythrelia, " Utricidaria. [^tnus, 66. Verbascidia, " Verbascum, Hyoscia- 67. Hallerinia, types Halleria, Gyrtandra. 68. Sesamidia, " Sesatnum. 69. Psychanthia, " Polygala. 70. Veronicia, " Veronica. 71. .Tiisticidia, " Jnsticia, •H) NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 72. 73. 71. 75. 76. Petridia, typo, Fetrea, Lippia. Pyrenaria, " Callicarpa. Phrymaria, " Vhryma. Synarthia, " Glohularia. Stilbaria, ^' Stilbe. 77. Aegiphilia, " Ehretia, 78. 79. 80. Strychnidia, " Epacridia, " Azalidia, " Strychnos, Capsicum Fhlox, Epacris. Azalea., Kalmia. 81. 82. 83. Styraxia, " Symplocia, " Micranthia, " Sty rax. Hopea. Mkraiitlws. 84. Olaxia, " Olax, Bassia, 85. 86. Hilospermia, " Achras. Inocarpia, " Ardisia. III. Class. Endogynes. 87. Loranthia, type Visciim. 88. 89. Mangidia, Samolia, " llhizophora. " Samolus. 90. Cinchonaria, " Cinchona. 91. 92. Geniparia, Hamellidia, " Gardenia. " Hamellia. 93. Linnedia, " Linnea. 94. Diervillaria, " DiermUa. 95. Sambucia, " Sambucus. 96. Viburnidia, " Viburnum. 97. Gitonanthia, " Valeriana. 98. Triostinia, " Triosteum. 99. 100. Ixorinia, Andromia, " Cofea. " Mathiola. 101. Morindia, " Morinda. 102. 103. Echinopsia, Gundelinia, " Echinops. " Gundelia. 104. Centaurinia, " Crupina. 105. Carduacea, " Cynara, Carlina. 106. 107. Eupatorinia, Spilanthia, " Conyza. " Gran^ea, NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. :u 108. Absynthia, type Cotula. 109. Ivaria, 110. Parthenidia, 111. Anthemidia, 11*2. Helianthia, 113. Inulidia, 114. Lactucaria, 115. Hieracidia, 116. Cichorinia, 117. Scolyniia, lea. Parthenium. Achillea, Belli s. Siljjhiiun. Solidago, Arnica. Lactiica, Seriola. Prena n thes, Hicraciu m . Cichorium, Hyoseris. Scohjmus, Lapsana. All the above were blended in Rubiacea and Composite Orders. The tribes of Cassini in the latter were not known to me then. IV. Class. Sympiiogijnes 118. Jasionidia, " 119. Lobelidia, " 120. Scevolidia, " 121. Vaccinidia, " 122. Sicidia, " 123. Scleranthia, " 124. Homalidia, " 125. Ribesidia, " 126. Gastonidia, " 127. Saniculea, " 128. Scadianthia, " 129. Periactia, " Jasione. Lobelias Scecola. Vaccinium. iSicyos, Gronocia. Scleranthus. Honialium. Ribes, Cercodia. Gastonia. Sanicula, Cussonia. ^ Anethum. \ Seseli. \ Daiictis, Tordiilium. J Ombeliferous 130. Diplactia, The 4 above were families of Order. 131. Eryngidia, type Eryngium. 132. Begonidia, 133. Quercidia, 134. Lecythidia, 135. Melaleucia, 136. Eugenidia, 137. Stravadia, 138. Nyssidia, type Nyssa Begonia. Quercus, Fagus. Lee y this. Melaleuca. Eugenia. Straradium. Eleagnus. :V2 N ATI' R A L CLASS] FIC ATlOiN . 130. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 16.3. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. type Osijrls, Santaluw. " Thesiuni. " Trapa^ Hlppuris. Hedcra, Cornus. Fuchsia. Melastoina. Osyridia, Thesidia, Trapacea. " Hederacea, " Ophiracea, " Melastomea, " V. Class. Angians. Stratides, type Strat lodes, Pistides, " Plstia. Valisneridia, " Vallsnerla. Phyllacnia. " Diplantheria, " Ananidia, " PhijUacne. Ctfprlpc.dium . Ananas. Gethylls, Tamus. Hydnora s. Aphyteia. Slsyrlnchium. Bur mania. Mypoxis. Aechmea. Rajania. >. VI. Class. Gymnians or Lilies. Aloidea, type Aletris, Crinum. Commelinea, " Tradescantia. Tlllandsla. Xurls. Helonias. Smilax. Trillium. Unisema. Alls ma. Potamogeton. VII. Class. Phanerians. Coryphinia, type Corypha, Lontariis. Arecaria, " Areca. Phenixia, " Phenl.r, Cocos. Ca lamia. " Calamus, Sagus. Cycadia, " Cycas, Zamia. Gethylidia, " Hydnoridia, " Galaxidia, " Aplimia, " Amaryllides, " Aechmidia, ^' Ubidia, " Aphylanthes, " Xuridia, " Helonidia, " Smilaxia, " Trillidia, Uniseniia, " Alismaria, " Potaiiiidia, " NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 33 These last 5 form the Palm tribe. 173. Julacia, type Saururus. 174. Dracontidia, type Draco ntium. 175. Orontidia, " Orontium^ Acorns. 176. Carexidia, " Carex^ Sciiria^ Raf. 177. Pharidia, " Pharus^ Nastus. 178. Olyracea, " Objra, Nardus. 170. Agrostaria, " Agrostls, Phleum. 180. Frumentaria, " Triticum, Arundo, 181. Tripleia, " Ortjza, Luziola. 182. Trimeia, " Anthoxanthum, Cinna VIII. Class. Cryptians. 183. Tmesipteria, type Pilularia. 184. Stachyopteria, " Ophioglossum, 185. Poropteria, " Marattia, 186. Schizopteria, " ScJitzca. 187. Rhizospermia, " Isoetes.'t These are akin to Filixia, the Ferns. 188. Diplostomia, type Hypniim. 189. Aplostomia, " Dicranum. 190. Apogonia, " Phascum. 191. Carpodia, " Marchantia. 19*2. Phylomalia, " Riccla^ Blasia. And these form the Mosses. IX. Class. Algians. Of this Class and the next, I give all my families to show the whole connection, altho' some were not new. 19.*>- Hypoxilia, type Xi/lonm, Spheria.t 191. Opegraphia, " Ilijsterlum. 195. Lepraridia, " Variolaria. 196. Beomydia, " Bromifces. 197. Squamarinia, '• Psoroma. 198. Lobarinia, " Loharia. 199. Cladonaria, " Cladonta. 200. Usnearia, " Z7s/«^^«. End of Lichens 201. Fucaria, " Pucus, Virsoidcs. 1 1 34 NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 20*2. Deloxia, tvpe 203. Ulvaria, ' " 204. Rivulinia, " 205. Physudria, " 206. Corallinia, " 207. Spongidia, " 208. Ectospermia, " 209. Ceramia, " 210. Arthrinia, " 211. Endonemia, " X. Class. FUNGIANS 212. Byssidia, types Byssiis, Hymantia. Dictyota^ Phytelis. Ulca, Caulerpa. Rlvularia. Physudrium. Corallina. Spongia. Vaucheria, Ceramium. Conferva. Mesas perma » 213. Conoplidia, 214. Monilidia, 215. Clavaridia, ' 216. Treinellaria, ' 217. Pezizaria, ' 218. Lithecia, ' 219. ^garicia, " 220. Boletidia, " 221. Hydnidia, 222. Cyathidia, 223. Tuberidia, " 224. Trichidia, 225. Dermosporia, ' 226. Gymnosporia, ' Conoplea. Monilia. Clavaria. Helvella. Peziza, Teleobolus. Clathriis, Phallus. Amanita, Merulius. Boletus, Phorima Raf. Hydnum, Merisma.. Stictis, Nidularia. Sclerotium, Granularia Diderma. Geastrum, Batarea. Uredo, Mucor. t These few were adopted from Decandole flora gallica 1806. Some others were pu Wished by Brown in 1810, but I did not know his labor in 1815. Many of these have been admitted and pub- lished by other Botanists between 1815 and 1835, without quoting my labors. As usage and equity requires in Botany that all previous la- bors and names should prevail or be acknow- ledged, I hope that future Botanists of a liberal inind or correct principles, will in future duly NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 35 refer to them in their works, as they do to other improvers in their synonymy. They never can be at a loss to know what familes or groups I meant: as far as Hetralonia I gave the proper exclusive cliaracters, with Sub-famihes and all the Genera of each, as a general method. For the others I quoted from "2 to 10 Genera of each family: altho' I now still reduce the quotations to one or two genera as main primitive types, any sagacious Botanist may know at once my original families of 1815 by these types. When the quoted Genus be- longs to any newer famihj, that family teas established by me in 1815. Why should I then admit or follow later la- bors and arrangements not so perfect nor com- plete as mine of 1815? Decandole's method is not yet complete, and is still obscure. Agardh's is rather better ; but follows the ascending series: while we all know now, that the real Serial Order of organization is neither ascending nor descending, not even circular, but Reticulate, or Geographical, as in a Net, or rather a Map: where Classes represent Islands, Orders and Families, their regions and districts; while Ge- nera and Species are the hills and mountains of this botanical geography. The most proper Natural Series must then follow a geographical plan, wherein the mutual affinities are expressed by vicinity and drawn lines of Seas, Rivers <^c. expressing or defining common characters: which can only be accu- ratly expressed in tables and maps ; while in Serial books we must attempt to follow the plan as nearly as possible, as it is done in books of Geography. My own peculiar improvements in natural 36 NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. Classification, consist, tlierefore, 1. in finding the first Genus of the most perfect organization, ROSA, to begin the Serial Order, and Spunges to end it. 2d. Fixing the natural Classes and Orders on nearly a paralel plan with those of Animals. 3d. Giving them proper good names singular and plural so as to express as in Geo- graphy, Europe, Europeans. 4th. In increasing largely or triplicating the families of Jussieu, giving them similar good names. 5th. Fixing the characters of all these groups by good and essential characters, whereof some must al- ways be exclusive. 6th. Applying the process of analysis in their formation, sub-divisions, and to acquire their knowledge. 7th. Improving the botanical maps by grouping according to mu- tual affinities, and separating my mutual dis- parities. To evince how preferable and improved was my method in 1815 even above the clever gen- eral method of Agardh in 1822. I shall give here his famihes called Orders of his 2d Class called Series, while he called Classes our real Orders, thus transposing all the terms. III. Series. Cryptocotyles. I. Class. Macropodes. 27. Order, Nayades, Juss. 28. " Podostomea, Rich. 29. " Alismacea, DC. 30. " Hydrocharides, Rich. 31. " Nymphacea, Juss. II. Class. Spadicinae. 32. Order, Pistiacea, Raf 1815, 33. " Aroides, Jus. 34. " Acoroides, my Orontidesl815. 35. " Pandanea. Ag. 36. " Cycadea, Raf. 1815. NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. M 37. Order, Palnia, J. III. Class. Glumiflorae. 38. Order, Typhina, J. 39. " Cyperacea, J. 40. " Graminea, J. 41. " Juncacea, J. 42. '• Xyridia, Raf. 1815. IV. Class. Liliflora. 43. Order, Asparagoides, J. 44. " Asphodela, J. 45. " Coronaria, J. 46. " Veratrea, my Helonides 1815. 47. " Commelinea, Raf. 1815. 48. " Pontederea, Ag. 49. " Dioscorides. Ag. 50* " Hemodorea, Ag. 51. " Iridea, J. 52. " Narcissea, J. 53. " Bromelinea,my Ananidial815 V. Class. Gynandres. 54. Order, Musacea, J. 55. " Cannacea, Ag. 56. " Scitaminea, J. 57. " Orchidea, J. These 31 families answer to my V, VI, VIII, Classes, wherein I had 48 new families, 7 years before Agardh ; whereof he has several under same or akin names, without quoting me; as he had not seen my analysis of Nature. He had however the sagacity to perceive some of them, and the good sense to find exclusive characters for all, which Lindley could not do, nor imitate much later, prefering to return to the obscurity ofAdanson: whereby he has impeded the gen- eral adoption of the natural System, as a gener- al method. It may be regretted that Botanists do not 38 NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. even quite agree as yet on the terms to be given to Natural groups, and mix or transpose the terms of Series, Classes, Orders, Tribes, Fami- nes, Legions, Cohorts , aiid 1-: 4*Z JVATUllAL CLASSIFICATION. unite in the same Genus, species with a cap- sule, a berry or one seed ! — else with equal or unequal calix, petals, pistils, stamens Slc.I — else with Ovary inferior and superior ! — They might as well unite a Grass with a Rose, Men with Monkeys, and Bats with Birds. — They de- plore the increase of Synonyms and overwhelm us with useless names ; since all theirs must be changed, and will be. The only plea ever given for artificial sys- tems was their utility in the facility of finding plants by analysis; but this use utterly fails when the admitted aberrations are numberless. In the sexual system they abound, and I have often amused myself by defying a botanical Student to find out some plants by it; Cleome dodecandra for instance, my Polanisia gramo- lens. But by the natural method uniting the analytical process as I do, there is no difficulty to find out Genera: while for Species, all being reduced to their proper Genera, there is the same facility. Not so by the distorted Genera of many Botanists, one third of their Species not possessing the generic characters ascribed, can never be found out by beginners, while ex- perienced botanists are directed by mere habit, aspect, affinities, or something which cannot be expressed, and is neither definite nor real nor natural nor true. Nature in the spontaneous evolution of vege- tation, baffles all our petty incongruities by ma- king new Species out of varieties, and new Ge- nera out of floral deviations! the process is not always so quick as to be perceived in a few years; but "^is very obvious to botanical obser- vers who happen to study plants during 40 or 50 years. This fact Is then a truth, whoever NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 43 doubts it is a mere tyro or beginner in the study. On this truth must be based our Genera and Species, instead of admiting improper clusters of individuals. We shall then be better able to ascertain the formations, deviations and filia- tions of plants, with all their connections, rela- tions and affinities to each other. Some botanists deem that in nomenclature and classification, the majority must rule: this may be true for artificial systems; but not in the natural method. There Nature alone must rule, and her close observers who notice the botanical laws, phenomena, exceptions and forms. All other Botanists may be wrong, and are often so, when they wish to make these bend to their own petty views and absurd class- es or Genera. Names are also quite essential, because they fix and convey the knowledge thus acquired. Bad names can only be tolerated for awhile. Those of Aublet were changed by Necker and Schreber and we had 3 for one of his. Rosa., Quercus and Labiates for instance are good invariable names. If the philological absurdi- ties of vulgar languages as to Grasses, Lilies Slc. are admitted into the Scientific language of Botany, we should fall into confusion of ideas and applications. Names are not arbitrary i they impart ideas, and ought to be proper, clear and distinct, in order to suggest or convey such ideas to the mind, fix them in the memory, and be generaly applicable and practical. Botanists have like other men their whims, preferences, systems, theories and hypotheses ; but all must give way before observations, facts and realities : and thus by truth shall the Sci- ence progress. 44 NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. In result 1. It is better to distinguish and in- sulate by good names, than to blend and con- ceal by wrong references and bad names. 2. All bad Genera must be reformed, revised and cor- rected, till they become unobjectionable and in- variable. 3. All bad names must be changed for good Names. 4 The same for Natural Class- es, Orders and famihes. 5 And also for Species or the Generic types. It is this I propose partly to do in this work, as far as my observations avail and my research- es extend. To my fellow Botanists I say — Do likewise or better still; but never neglect a botanical reform, based on nature, and proper discriminations. NATURAL CLASSES AND ORDERS Of C. S. Rafnesquc, 1815. The study of mutual affinities and disparaties, is the base and true path of methodical and natural Botany. Cesalpini in 1583 began mod- ern Classification on a natural plan by 15 nat- ural groups; most of the Botanists prefered since artificial systems, until Magnol in 1689 and Linneus who in 1751 produced 58 sup- posed natural Orders along with his artificial sexual Classes. Adanson had also 58 families in 1763, and 45 were Natural, they were reduced to 36 by Scopoli in 1783, and to 54 by Necker in 1790. But Jussieu improving thereon had in 1789 as many as 100 natural families in 15 artificial Classes, which have l)een gradualy increased or improved by Lamark, Ventenat, Decandole, INTRODUCTION. 45 Richard, Mirbel, Agardli, R. Brown, Lindley and others. Meantime as early as 1802 I began to per- ceive the necessity of rectifying the presumed Orders of Jussieu, and after many observations in both hemispheres, I pubhshed my Natural Classes in 1814, and my 06 Natural Orders in 1815. Twenty years of additional researches have convinced me that they need but little ad- ditions, unless we change their Sections into Or- ders ; but that altho' I had increased their farni- lies to 310, they may now become about 400. I have only published my Chloris Etnensis 1815, Florula Ludoviciana supl. 1817, Annals of Nature 1820, according to this arrangement. But it is susceptible of general application any where : and every Genus finds its place in it, because it is both natural and analytical. Every one of the 2000 New genera or plants of this work, will easily be refered to my Orders, if not to my families, by any one acquainted with analytical Botany Therefore I shall proceed to give tabular views of my Classes and Orders, with their es- sential analytical Characters, comparative and distinctive of each ; the examples and types are both in my New families, and some quotations of Jussieu's. Table of Nahiral Classes. I. Primary Class. Endogenia or Dicotylia or Mesotylia. The Endogenes or Dicotyles or Mesotyles — Trees, Shrubs, Vines or Plants; stems and roots vascular jfibrose, vessels and fibres in concentric layers, around a central pith or cellalar hollow. Outward bark or epi- 72. Emprotia, Caladium. 73. Cortodia, Scirpus (Carex ? 74. Achirosia, Panicum. 75. Diclipteria, Ophioglossum* 76. Dorsiferia^ Adianthum 17 Phryganisia, 77. Aethogamia, Hypnum. 78. Hepatidia, Riccia. LARNAGENIA, 79. Tremaria, Xyloma. 80. Phymaria, Leprarioi 81. Thallaria, Usnea. 82. Byssidia, Byssus. 83. Adelistia, Clavaria. 84. Phaneristia, Boletus, 85. Sarcosporia, Stictis. 86. Coniosporia, Mucor. 20. Algosia, 87. Hydronemia, Conferva, 12. SteginiA^ l3. Liridia, 14. Spadixia. 15. Glumosia. 16. Pteridia, III. 18. LiCHENIA, 19. Mycosia, Natural classes. 69 88. Ceraniidia. Ceramium, Char a. 89. Fucidia, Ulva. 90. Stereopsia, Spongia. Such then are now the Natural Orders to the best of our actual knowledge ; but each includes from I to 10 families or secondary groups quite as natural ; each family from 1 to 50 genera ; each Genus from 1 to 50 species, seldom more : those of 100 or 200 species are small natural families. Such are Carex, Erica, Euphorbia^ Vaccinium, Salix, Aster, Polygonum ^c. long ago properly divided by myself or others: like Conferva, Lichen, Agaricus, Cactus ^c. now become families, orders or even classes ! But this Serial Order interrupts or conceals many mutual affinities, since they are not akin to the two Orders only, before and after in the series ; but also to many removed in the series* Thus the following are closely allied altho' far removed, as Nations may have colonies or be allied altho' distant on the Earth. The Gynopolia 0 and Polachenia 70. Cactides 48 with Idiogyna 59. Gynaridia 40 with Synodia 57. Dapsilitia 47 with Vaccinidia 56. Darinia 34 with Peritalia or Bicornes 55. Isandria 11 with Adelphidia 19. Axanthia 7 with Emprotia 72 &.c. — And whenever a natural table or map or the whole will be given, they must be approximated or connected by some means. Various modes may be devised to elucidate these affinities. 1. A botanical map on a graphical plan would best represent them by contiguity ; a second mode would be by a kind of net work, 3d by a 70 NATURAL CLASSES. kind of genealogical tree, 4th by a triple con- centric cercle, divided in rays, the inner circle being the cellular plants, the outer or largest the Exogenous plants and trees, 5th by a triple series or 3 columns one for each great series, with lines accross to connect affinities. Few of these excellent modes of elucidation have been employed as yet, the best in use are the Analytical and Synthetical tables ; but all the serial modes whether circular or linear or triple, are all inadequate and imperfect. This explanation was needful as an apology for having used this vulgar mode even here ; but I had made a complete Botanical map as early as 181 5. Such botanical illustrations may exercise the ingenuity of Botanists well skilled in botan- ical affinities ; which are the highest results of phytographical knowledge, as stated by Jussieu — Their relative value, importance and per- manency, must equaly be ascertained, and there- by we invariably fix the botanical groups, what- ever be the names we may apply to them, or place we may allow them. The general aspect and organs of plants must also be studied and attended to, more than usual at least; and experienced botanists can often detect or conjecture the natural Classes and Orders of many plants without flowers by such means, called the habit or general form. But as this indication is liable to many excep- tions and anomalies, it must always give way to the floral certitude. Meantime I venture to propose the following arrangement, which I have devised, and found very useful in practice ; as it will be indispensa- ble in the study of fossil Botany, or the primi- tive forms of vegetable organization. NATURAL CLASSES. 71 I. Series— EXOGENE8. I. Class. Driopses or Trees. Woody con- centric leafy and branched, roots similar. Wood hard. Shrubs are only small trees, and branches of trees are shrubs. 3 Vines are climbing trees or shrubs. 4 Bushes are the smallest or weak shrubs commonly cespitose or with many stems The orders may be. 1. PoLOMES, (many frame) Branches, leaves and often flowers assuming a compound form either vertical or horizontal, — tSi/nophyles^ leaves compound with articulated Iblioles. Polytomes leaves united with folioles not articu- lated. These are again divided in bipinnate, pinnate, decompound &c. 2. Trochomes, (wheeled) Branches, leaves and often flowers verticillate around an axis, or terminal — Rotules around stem or axis. TJmhellites terminal wheel or umbel. 3. DiPLOMES, (doubled) Br. leaves and fl. op- posite to each other often jointed — Disticates, in two rows. Decussates in four rows cross- wise. 4. Spiromes, (Spiraly) Br. leaves and fl. in a spiral position around the stem or axis — Disti- cales, spiral by 3. Alternates^ spiral by 4, Pen- tales spiral by 5. Densales spiral by more than 5 and usually crowded imbricate. These are seldom jointed. II. Class. Malaxyles or Anomalous Trees, Wood hardly concentric, with few branches, often articulate or no leaves : wood soft and cellular ; roots similar — Very singular arboreal form hardly noticed as yet off*ered by Carica, Ephedra, Ficus, Viper, and other tropical trees, 5. SicoMEs, Trees, with leaves and branches, 72 .NATURAL CLASSES. sometimes simple stem, wood often spnngy, I^'icus^ Carica, Adansonia / Varia 'f C. PiPEROMEs, Leafy vines, or jointed stem, leaves alternate, Piper. 7. Viscoses, Stem articulated, opposite leaves, Viscum. 8. Ephedromes, Stem articulate, no leaves, Ephedra^ Casuarina. III. Class. Sarcomes. Perennial fleshy plants not woody, but thick or juicy, seldom hardened to soft wood (like Opuntia) but per- manent anomalous forms, seldom a stem and leaves, vessels hardly concentric. Roots fleshy, dissimilar scanty. 9. Phorbomes, Massive unbranched not ar- ticulated. Euphorbia. 10. Stapelomes. Massive branched articulate Stapelia, Salicornia. 11. Cactomes, Jointed, branching or with fleshy leaves, Cactoides. IV. Cass. Perennials or true plants. Root and Stem dissimilar. Root perennial woody or tuberose or fleshy concentric. Stems annual, concentric or hollow, with leaves or scales. In fact here the roots are subterranean small trees or sarcomes, and the stems mere annual shoots or branches ; thus they may be subdivided like Trees into 12 Volomes with compound foliage, Lathy- rus. 13 Trochomes with verticiflate foliage, often joints, Rubia, Frasera. 14 Diplomes with opposite foliage, often joints, Silene, Salvia. 15 Spiromes with spiral foliage, Borrago, Hesperis. V. Class. Scapigeres or Scapose perennials. NATURAL CLASSES. 73 They differ from true stemy or caulescent plants by the roots being crowned by radical leaves and sending forth a leafless stem called scape, which is merely a peduncle bearing the flow- ers. They blend often with them, and with annuals. IG. Cladomes, with branched or umbellate Scape, Frimula, Statice. 17. Scapomes, with a simple scape, Planta- go^ Dionea. VI. Class, BoTANES or Herbs, Annuals. Root dissimilar, but slender, fibrose, annual or biennial; sending forth only once a stem, bear- ing flowers, with or without leaves — In i'act Plants and Herbs are hardly distinguished by usage, yet easily known by their small roots : they blend by biennial roots, and have some- times scapose stems. Hence the Orders must be different, since here ends the woody or hard stems or roots. 18. Dlnomes, commonly biennial root, rad- ical leaves, and stem leaves diilerent, Verbas- cum. 19. Stemilomes, Stem leafy, Vapaver. 20. Rhizilomes, Root leafy or crowned, scape leafless, Erophila. 21. Aphilomes, No leaves, Ciiscuta, &.c. 2d Series, ENDOGENES. VII. Stelmians or crowned Trees. Stem cy- lindrical seldom branched, with spungy wood, crowned with leaves on the top ; roots dissimilar. 22. Palms, Leaves flabellate or pinnate, flowers central. 23. Aplo stelmians, Crown of simple leaves, flowers central, Yuca, Dracena. The Lily trees. 24. PterostelmlanSs the Fern trees. Crown of leaves bearing the fructification. 16 74 NATIIIAL CLASSES. 25. Spafhdmians, Crown of leaves, and corols or spathas bearing the fructification, Aroid-trees, I'andaims. VIII. Class RiiizoMiANS, Stem concealed un- der ground, assuming the shape of a root often horizontal, sending forth annual shoots, leaves and flowers ; roots fibrose dissimilar. 20. Aloldians, Roots crowned with leaves, stem often leafless. Aloes, — Indians with few lateral leaves. 27. Paridians. Roots not crowned, a leafy stein crowned or wheeled with leaves. Varis. IX. Class, BuLBosiANs, the Bui hose plants and Lilies, with a thick perennial bulbose stem under ground, formed of concentric scales or coats, increasing from within, sending annual shoots, leaves and flowers from the centre. Roots fibrose dissimilar. 28. Lirians, a leafy stem. Lilium. 29. Crinians, radical crown, scape leafless, Crinum, Skilla. X. Class Orchidians, Fleshy roots or stems under ground or above ground, simple or divided, perennial ; sending yearly lateral shoots, stems or scapes sometimes articulated. 30. Satyrians, roots double or tuberose, un- der ground. 31. Vladorians, roots branched thick under ground. 32. Georhizians, roots simple or agregate above ground. XI. Class, CiJLMiDiANs, roots or stems joint- ed hollow, either perennial or annual, with leaves or scales, roots slender. 33. Equisetians, stems jointed, with verti- cillate leaves or scales. Equisetum. 34. Graminiams, stems jointed with alter- NATURAL CLASSES. 75 nate sheathing, leaves or scales. The true Grasses. 35. Alismians, stems jointed, leafless, or leaves radical. Alls ma. XII. Class, PiAROMiANs, stcms not jointed, solid or thick, but of various forms, roots per- ennial dissimilar. 36. Smllaclans, stems hard perennial, leafy by expansions, often bearing flowers, Ruscus, Smllax. 37. Helonlans, stems soft annual, roots per- ennial, thick or tuberose ; leaves expansive, Dioscorea, Heloiiias, Asphodelus. 38. Hydnorkins, Leafless, stemless oply roots and flowers. Aphyteia, Raffles la. XIII. Class, FiLixiANS, stem rhizomian, un- der or above ground, leaves crowning this radical stem bearing fruits. The Ferns. 39. Dorsiferlans, true Ferns, leaves bearing fruits on the back. 40. Radiciferians, roots bearing fruits be- tween the leaves, or on pedundes. XIV. Class, MusciDiANS, the Mosses, roots small creeping, stem bearing leaves or scales persistent, or membranose frondose. 41. Phylosians, leaves or scales, Mosses, Lycopodians. 42. Frondulians, no real leaves, a winged or expanded membranose stem. Hepaticans. III. Series LARNAGENES. XV. Class, Lichens. Expanded crust with scutelas or tubercles. 43. ScuteUites — Scutellas. 44. Fhymltes — Tubercles. XVI. Class, Nemites, Filamentose bodies. 45. Usnites, Scutellas, no joints, solid. 76 NATURAL CLASSES. 40. Ceramites, joints, and grains outside, as in Chara. 47. Confervites, joints, and grains inside, tubular. 48. Byssifes, no joints, nor scutellas, solid. XVII. Class, FuNGiTES, form variable, fungi- form, fleshy or fungose or suberose, colored, with or without a stipes or support. 49. Monilites, strings of grains, or granular clusters. 50. Endosporites, grains inside or in the substance. 51. i^lavites, no grains nor extraneous ap- pendages. 52. Hydnites, with points, bristles or warts. 53. Boletides, with pores or tubes. 54. Agarites, with gills, rays or veins. XVIII. Class, Algites. Green bodies, fron- dose or tubular, simple or ramose, with or with- out a stem. 55. Pilites, with a stem and head or bulb. 56. Stemites, with a stem and leaves. 57. Fucites, Leafless, various, solid or tubular. 58. Vlvites, membranose or frondose, com- planate. 59. Vhysidrites^ Vesicles full of water, closed. 60. SpungiteSy spungy celular, or open ves- icles. These Orders might be divided into Genera by the inflorescence, and be greatly increased if more minute forms are taken into account. They coincide very nearly with the Natural Or- ders in the lower series, and aflbrd in the up- per series a very striking additional mean of knowing Orders and Genera ; by far more use- ful in practice than the hidden modes of ger- mination, and embryonic forms. NATURAL CLASSES. / / But I am fully aware that any methodical division of the Habit of Plants is liable at pres- ent to many objections. Some Botanists may perhaps deem foliage more important than stems or roots. Inflorescence is no doubt more important than either ; but belongs to floral Classification, or may afford the generic groups in fossil botany. The study of Roots is just be- ginning, they had long been overlooked, and have not yet found a Gaertner ; but it is now ad- mitted that many presumed roots are real stems. Some of my views and suggestions on the subject are nearly new ; my Classes of Sar- comes, Rhizomians and Nemites are quite so, with many of my Orders. My Malaxyles and Piaromians deserve attention and to be better studied. The soft texture of many trees, and the expansive floriferous leaves ofRuscus, Vhyl- lanthus &lq,. appear to connect with the Cac- toides, and to indicate another great organic Series of Vegetation, different from the 3 ad- mitted ; to be called perhaps SARCOGENES, wherein vessels and fibres are drownded in a Heshy tissue. These are susceptible of becom- ing lignose by induration or dessication, as it happens in Opuntia and thus to form trees. The joints and knots of stems indicate also a peculiar organization or process of evolution ; all the opposite leaves appear to indicate it even when not conspicuous. Many leaves and flow- ers are evidently articulated to their support, as are all the buds of our northern trees. It is so in the Coniferes, Polygenes, Caryophyles, Ombelliferes, Leguminoses, Sedoides, for stems or leaves, and all the florets of composite flowers. While all the spiral leaves, or drying on the stem, appear to be mere continuous appendages 78 NATURAL CLASSES. of it, grown by expansion and not super-addi- tion. This view of physiological Botany might sug- gest again another arrangement based thereon ; and is perhaps susceptible of being improved and made available. At present I merely throw these hints, and invite the attention of Botanists to the study of these forms of growth. To fix^ them still better, I will give a short table of such supposed modifications of growth, in 4 Organic Series. EXOGENES— 1. Trees or plants with joints or articulations, growing by addition of parts. ToMOGENES, foliose, aphyle. 2, Trees or plants of a simple continuous form, growing by expansion of parts. Aplogenes foliose, aphyle. SARCOGENES— Fleshy trees or plants. 3 Tomogenes, foliose, aphyle. 4. Aplogenes. foliose, aphyle. ENDOGENES— 5 Tomogenes, Equisetians Orchidians, Culmidians. 6. STELMOGENES,Stelmians,Rhizomians, Bul- bosians, Filixians. All Aplogenes, growth foliose, terminal crowning. 7. Synogene«i, Very simple aplogenes, growth by shoots with false leaves or frondose expan- sions quite persistent. Muscidians, Frondu- lians. LARNAGENES. — Siphogenes, growth by tubular partitions, or agregated grains, vesicles &.C. Confervites, Ceramites, Monilites, Physi- drites. 9. CoNDROGENES, with frondo or membrane or crust expanded and lobed. Lichens, Ulvites, Fucites, Usnites, Podospermes ? 10. Mycogenes, with pileus or head distinct NATURAL CLASSES. 79 often with rays or pores or papillas. Pilites, Agarites, Boletides, Hydnites. 11. Unigenes, simple solid bodies, Byssites, Clavites. 1*2. CoiLOGENEs, simple hollow bodies, with cavities, Endosporites, Spungites. The difficulties or exceptions to this general arrangement are very few, chiefly arising from some plants not yet well observed or quite ano- malous: Cariea, for instance which has the wood and habit of Palms, with the floral organs nearly like Solarium ! and which is probably a Scarcogene tree. Stated by Hooker to bear fertile seeds without fecundation, as does Morus, and Vitis sometimes, and to afford Fihrine like Animal Flesh, and some Mushrooms. Also Vodostemon with the structure and habit of Fucus, but floral organs like Hippuris and Ruppia, is it also a Scarcogene plant ? These and the Cactides, Euphorbias, Stapelias &lc. evidently indicate one or even two New Series of vegetable evolutions, distinct from those ad- mitted since the discovery of Desfontaine. I claim therefore the merit of having first noticed and indicated those new vegetable forms which I beheve had been overlooked by all Botanists as an organic Series, altho' long noticed as anomalies. I invite Botanists to watch their germination and evolution, so as to ascertain their mode of increment. My own observations lead me to believe that it is expansive in Podostemon, Carica, &.c. but partly peripheric in Euphor- bia aud some Cactides, while in Opuntia and Stapelia it is evidently articulated and gemmular as in Ephedra and budding trees. But their wood is totally unlike that of Oaks or concen- 80 NATURAL CLASSES. trie trees, nearer to the fascicular wood of Palms, and yet different. In Carica it has been called fungose by Jussieu ; it is rather suberose like cork, and cellular like a spunge, without rings. In Opuntia the fleshy articulations change gradualy in a woody mass of fasciculate fibres as in Palms, but softer still, more cellular and never hard nor concentric. All the trees with soft wood, often as light as cork, and unfit to burn ! deserve also to be ex- amined again, such as Ficus, Aesculus, Favia, Adansonia, Rhizophora, &c. in order to trace their analogies of evolution and increment in a soft state. Their anatomical structure requires a new examination. They are deemed Dicotyle, as well as Carica and Cactus; but this seminal character is fallacious, and not so important as stated by Jussieu ; since Cycas and Juncus are said to be dicotyle also, and the Coniferes are polycotyle : while Nelumbium is anisocotyle or nearly monocotyle, altho' united with Nymphea- cea or Ranunculacea. Perhaps it is, as well as Nymphea, of the Rhizomian Class ; since their roots are evidently rhizomes, and the structure is hardly concentric. The aquatic ferns and some other aquatic Genera appear to have for seeds mere Embryos or radicles called Somo- rhizes by Nuttal in Ruppia. They are evidently acotyle therefore. Some plants deemed Vascu- lar, hardly show any vessels but cells, Mono- tropa and Orobanche have such annual fleshy stems. These and other anomalous plants will offer a fine scope for observations, dissections, and careful investigations. GENERIC RULES. 81 THE FIFTY RULES OF GENERIC NOMENCLATURE, By Linneus and Rafinesque, 1814. These rules were chiefly established by Lin- neus in his philosophia botanica. In 1814 1 gave their principles with additions and remarks, ap- plying them also to Animals, and to Classes, Orders and Species. I shall now add here their main features and applications, recomending them to the attention of the accurate botanists : the Linneists ought at least to deem them per- emptory, yet they often violate them. 1. All the species united by some essential definite characters must form a Genus. Lin. phil. bot. 210. 2. Each Genus must have a name, Lin. 218. Anonymous Genera like those of Walter are deficient and inadmissible. 3. None but skilful Botanists ought to form and name Genera. 4. All the plants possessing similar charac- ters must form a Genus, and bear the same name. Lin. 215, 216. 5. All the Species with generic disparities must form different Genera and bear different names. Lin. 214. 6. Therefore when one or several species differ essentialy from their typical Genus, they must be separated and bear other names. This applies to the Genera Valeriana^ Justicia, Con- volvulus^ Polijgala, i^^c. and similar anoma- lous groups. 7. If a Genus has been made upon erroneous characters, it must be annulled, and united to the Genus that bears the real character. Ex- 17 8t GENERIC RULES. amples SheffiehJa which is a Samolus, Hecato- nia is Adonis, ^»c. 8. As soon as a good name is given to a Ge- nus, it must never be changed. Lin. 219. 9. Not even for a better one, or another more convenient. Lin. 245. 10. Names must not betransfered from a Ge- nus to another on any account of convenience, becoming a double change. Lin. 245. 11. If similar names are given to two or several Genera; this name must be left to the first in date, and the later must be changed. Lin. 217. Apply this to Auhletia, Persoonia^ Heritiera, &c. 12. If several good names are given to a Ge- nus, the first in date must prevail, and the oth- ers be dismissed. Example. Artocarpus of Forster which has prevailed over Sitodium^ Polyphema and Kademachera. 13. But when of two names, the first is im- proper, the second in date if good must prevail. Example Pyrularia Mx. dismissed for Hamil- tonia W. 14. If two names are given the same year, the best must prevail, even if later by some months. Ex. Polypogon Desf. prefered to San- tia of Savi. 15. Generic names must have a meaning or derivation, even if obscure. L. 220. But names must not be changed on that mere score, and thus Linneus kept Bryonia, Acalypha, w^^mm w^mis OF THE SYNOPTICAL FLORA TELLURIANA, CENTURIES IX, X, XI, XII. With new Natural Classes, Orders and Fam- ilies : containing the 2000 new or revised Gen- era and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Algas, Fungi, &c, from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the Authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1836. BY C. S. RAFINESQUE, A. M. Prof, of Botany, historical and natural sci- ences— member of many learned Societies in Paris, Vienna, Bruxelles, Bonn, Bordeaux, Zurich, Naples, ^c. Philadelphia, New York Cincinnati, Lexington, &c. To observe and compare, to correct or approve By good names and new facts that convince and improve. PHILA.DELPHIA. PRIIVTED FOR THE AUTHOR By H. Probasco, No, 119, N. Fourth St. 1 83C. NOTICE. This fourth part of the Flora Telluriana will conclude the work. It had been intended to divide it into 6 parts ; but even these could not contain all what I have to add or correct on the Orders, Genera and Species of the whole world and all the classes of Vegetation : therefore it is better to limit this Work to Plants and Lilies chiefly ; while I mean to publish sepa- rate Works additional to this on the Trees and Shrubs or a Sylva Telluriana, on the Ferns and Grasses, Fungi and Algas, with perhaps Monographs of some peculiar Families of great interest, and probably a complete account of my New Class of the Nantiandres, having stamens alternate to calix or opposite to corol- las, contrary to the usual order. The price of this work will still be .$5 or $40 for 10 copies, only 160 copies were printed, which makes it high, as but few copies can be sold in America, where Botanists cannot duly appreciate it, and they must be sent to Europe, to be often exchanged instead of sold. PREAMBLE. TO THE FOURTH AND LAST PART. In the process of this work I have met with many interruptions and disappointments. It is neither easy nor agreeable to stem the current of botanical errors and blunders, and whoever swims against the streams of scientific prejudice may reckon on difficulties. I have met such in all my attempts to increase and correct know- ledge ; but I persevere nevertheless, and write for posterity rather than the actual Schools. I feel that my weary labors are not now appre- ciated except by a few, but am confident that in 50 years hence they will be more valued. Of this I have received already some assuran- ces, when young and skilful Botanists have partly approved and adopted my views. Meantime I must again repeat that whatever I now state or correct, had been mostly done by me between 1806 and 1815 chiefly, when I had matured my botanical reforms as stated in my Analysis of nature 1815. I then possessed the ample materials of all the works of Wildenow, the great dictionary and illustrations of La- mark and Poiret, Martyn's large edition of Mil- lers in 4 volumes Folio, and the New Diction- ary of Natural History in 24 vol. 8vo . . . be- sides many rare and valuable works . . . which were lost with my Mpts. in my Shipwreck of 1815. Having thereby been thrown back upon the world and entered new paths of life, I could only gradualy collect again my materials, and restore my labors imperfectly. Yet I have since then consulted and studied many other 6 PREAMBLE. modern labors similar to mine, without finding the same accuracy and perspicuity of Generic reform. While it is with the utmost difliculty I can obtain even for money some late works of similar tendency, although 1 try to correspond direct with the Authors. Therefore I distinctly state here again, that my feehngs being of the most liberal and friend- ly kind for all Botanists and Naturalists, all over the Earth, if my labors ever interfere with theirs it must be accidentaly and unknowingly, either because my Genera were those establish- ed by me between 1806 and 1815, or because I have not obtained yet their works, although willing to buy them or exchange them with mine, unless they be too costly like Audubon or Jacquin — I hereby call publicly upon all synop- tical and improving Botanists (and even Zoolo- gists and Oryctologists) such as Agardh, De- candole, Endlicker, Schreber, Sprengel, Fries, R. Brown, Lindley, Hooker, Don, Sweet, Ar- nott, Bentham, Nees, Fischer, Link, Tenore, Ledebour, Blume, Martius, St. Hilaire, Bory, &c . . , with others unknowu to me by name as yet, to send me their works in exchange of mine and also to exchange specimens. I have been permanently established in Philadelphia again since 1826, and shall probably ever continue here, although I may become connected with various literary institutions, particularly the Central University of Illinois of which I am one of the founders. Books sent me for the University will be free of duties, and equaly re- ceived in exchange. When I have accumulated all the latest Ma- terials or Genera, and the great work of De- candole is completed, I may then revise the PREAMBLE. 7 whole, connect naturaly the scattered Genera, and add the needful corrections. I have been called already a Veteran in Natural Sciences even by my foes, I hope to become the Nestor of Botany like Adanson was, and if my zeal does not abate, to publish in 1850, a real Man- tissa of all Botanical Genera till thefi. Meantime I proceed with my New Flora and New Sylva of North America, and am now preparing a peculiar work on the Ferns of North America and other parts. I am going to reprint all my early essays on Botany and Zoology, as my Amenities of Nature. I have begun my Mantissa of Zoology, or new or revised Genera of all classes, many also framed previous to 1815. My Historical and Philosophical Works are also proceeding, I shall publish my Celestial Philosophy, and my Genius or Spirit of the Hebrew Bible, preparing afterwards my good Book of Knoicledge and Wisdom to be pro- bably issued periodicaly, and including the re- storation or increase of much knowledge on all Sciences whatever. These vast labors, besides those of private life, in order to obtain the means to produce my works, at my own expense chiefly (since they are too good and too learn- ed for the vitiated scale of our publishers) have partly induced me to curtail the actual work, and conclude it here ; but to continue it in another form or reproduce the additions as a Sylva Telluriana and otherwise. Althongh the articles are now only 1200, yet they include with the species and subgenera, orders &c, 2000 or more added or revised objects and groups. 8 FLORA TELtUR. FLORA TELLURIANA, CENTURIA IX MONOCOT. Number 801. Otosma Raf. (ear scented), diff. from 679, spatha lato cuculata basis con- voluta, spadix clavato, apice nudo, pistillis inf. subrot. stylosis, antheris truncatis sup, baccis 1 loc. 6-12 sp. sem- teret. oculatis. Scaposa, fol indw. spathis amplis alhis odoratis. — I con- tinue here the Aroides, Lihes, and other mo- nocotyles. This Genus blended with Colla of L, is totaly unhke, see my Provenzalia 679, and New Flora N. A. 481 to 485.— Type O. ethiopica R. Calla do. L.. auct. fol. cord, sagit. cuspidatis, lobis obt. well known plant of Africa, often cult, seen alive since 1806. 802. Spirospatha R. Spatha spiralis clausa, spadix obi. pistillis mixtis trilobis, stigma sessile concavo trifido, antheris ad bas, mixt. ad ap. solit. baccis 31obis 31ocul-polysp. — Still more unlike Calla with flat spatha, no style, berries yellow uniloc. Type Sp, occulta R, Calla do Loar. Sm. fol. ovat. cord, petiolis canaliculatis. — From Anam. Perhaps the Arum Spirale of Retz Vitm. Sm. is a 2d sp. with lanceol leaves and sessile flowers. 803. Pleurospa R. diff". fjom Caladium and Colocasia by the flowers unilateral on one side of the spadix, and stem frutescent. — The sin- gular structure of spadix requires attention, per- haps several Genera and Species blended as Arum, arborescens lu. Types 1. PL reticulata R. fol. sagittatis, spadix reticul. the linnean sp. of South America, stem 6pedal, leaves pedal, flowers white inside green outside, base dark -t1 FLORA TELLURIANA -•>»«#fK««- BY PROF. RAFINESaUE. SECOl^D PART. PHILABELPHIA —»»•#««<«- 1836. df FLORA TELLURIANA PARS S^OUNDA. OF THE SYNOPTICAL FLORA TELLURLINA, CENTURIA I, II, III, IV. With new Natural Classes, Orders and fami- lies : preamble of the 2000 New or revised Ge- nera and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Algas, Fungi, Slc. from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1836. BY C. S. RAFINESaUE, A. M. Prof of Botany, historical and natural sci- ences— member of many learned Societies in Paris, Vienna, Bruxelles, Bonn, Bordeaux, Zurich, Naples, &c. Philadelphia, New York, Cincinnati, Lexington, &.c. To observe and compare, to correct or approve By good names and new fads that convince and improve. PHILADELPHIA : PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY H. PROBASCO, NO. 119 NORTH FOURTH ST. 1836. [l«<2>7] Les nomsfont les choses. Names realize Entities. Plus nos noms sont generaux, plus non idees sont incompletes. — Plus nous avons de noms, plus elles se completent. Lamark, Leach, il^c. EXPLANATIONS OF SOME BOTANICAL TERMS. We are indebted to Linneus for a beautiful glossology or language, whereby we are able to express by words every form of vegetable orga- nization, and to })aint by words as it were, every plant, fixing in the mind the Genera and Species. These botanical terms ought to be well known to Botanists. The language of Botany is to be learned at the outset by every student, and there are many grammars of it. Several gradual ad- ditions and improvements have been made since Linneus . . . chiefly by Richard, Necker. Jussieu, Mirbel, Agardh, Persoon, Decandole, «fcc. — I have ventured to add but few, following or adop- ting mainly those of Richard and Decandole. It is unfortunate tliat all the Botanists do not quite agree even on this: and use sometimes va- rious terms for the same organs. — For instance, the Common Calix of Linneus, an improper double word, had been very properly changed to Periantiie by Richard, a good single word de- rived from around the floicers. But other Bo- tanists have proposed the synonyms of Antho- dlum, Periclinmm, Involucre, Perlg^i/nande, &c., which are both later and worse. It is true that Periantiie had been applied by Linneus to the floral coverings, but the name was wrong, since these coverings, the calix and corolla, form the flowers and are not around it; they have since been collectively named Perigone (around the sexes) by Jussieu. and this name has been adopted by all the Natural Botanists. I therefore adopt and use the terms Perian- tiie and Perigone; also, Phoranthe (bearing flowers) of Richard, instead of common recepta- cle of Linneus, or Clinanthe of later Botanists. 4 EXPLANATIONS, &C. It would be useless to discuss in this way the merits of the different terms: it will be sufficient to designate those which I will employ through- out this Work, wherein I shall venture upon very few innovations. Sepalis — Sepals, the folioles of the Calix or perigone. fetalis, Petals, those of the Corolla. Receptacle. — Only the centre of a flower bean. Placenta, — The receptacles of the seeds in a fruit. Gynophoro. — The receptacle of the pistils or seeds, commonly swelled or protruded. Androphoro. — The disk or pillar bearing the stamens. Columna. — The Androphore of the Orchideous flowers united to the pistil. PhorantJio. — The receptacle of compound flow- ers. Diclinis. — Dicline, Separated beds or Stamens and pistils. VistiUis. — Pistils, the whole female organs. Ova- ry, style and stigma. Oiiarium. — Ovary, the germen of Linneus, this name is now restricted to the real ger- men of the seeds. Ovarium adherens vel liberum. — Ovary adhe- rent to the perigone or free, as called by Jussieu, &c., answering to Germ inferior and superior of Linneus. Perislomic, around the mouth of the perigone, Peripetalic. — Corolla monopetal of Linneus, which is not of one petal, but a circular petal around the stamens or pistils. LepifTono, — Lepigone or bract bearing the sexes. Jsarinis, — Isarine, stamens of equal number to the perigonal parts, or Diplarine when double. EXPLANATIONS, &.C. 5 Heterinis. — Heterine or in unequal number com- pared to perigone. Epimesis. — Epimesical, stamens standing in the centre of the flowers, where the pistils generally are. Sporulis. — Sporules, the minute seeds of Fungi and Lichens. Sporangis. — Their Capsules. Gongyles. — The seeds of Algas and Aquatic acotyle plants. HeteroUs. — Heterolic Corollas, irregular, and not equal in number of parts with stamens. Achena. — Achene, a dry fruit that does not open, commonly with only one seed. Glumis. — The scaly valves or bracts of Grasses and Cyperacea, wrongly called calix and corolla by the Linneists. Corolla. — The inner colored floral covering, when there are two, when only one co- lored, it is called perigone. Involucris. — The bracts surrounding umbels. The minor ones or secondary called In- volucelis. Galea, — Helmet like appendages or parts of Corollas. I have given the descriptions or essential cha- racters of the Genera and Species in the usual Botanical Latin Language ; but the roots of every word are similar to the proper English Botanical Glossology, and may be understood by any English Botanist, who knows the usual terms of the Science ; besides being available to all other Botanists, The remarks, explanations, re- searches, &c., will be given in English: this double mode of expression is now often employ- ed, and has many advantages; while the use of abbreviations is well understood. 6 SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. G. for Genus. Sp. . . . Species. do. Ditto. Cal. Calix. Cor. . Corolla, Stam. . Stamina. Pist. Pistilis. Per. Perianthus. Perig. , Perigone. Pet. Fetalis. Sep. . Sepalis. Phor. . Phorantho. Col. Columna Sexualis Gynoph Gynophoro. Nect, Nectarium. Fil. . Filamentis. Anth. Antheris. Styl. . Stylis. Stig. Stigma, Gland. Glandulis. Ov. Ovar. Ovarium. Caps. . Capsula, Sem. Semina. Recept. . Receptacle. Sq. . . Squamis, osis. Bract. . Bracteis. Fl. flor. . Floribus. Spic. . . Spicis, atis. Panic. . Paniculis, atis. Corymb. Corymbis, osis. Umb, . Umbellis, atis. Sess. , Sessilis. Petiol. Petiolatis. Ped. . Pedunculis. Lob. . Lobis. Segm. . Segmentis. Fol. . Foliis, leaf. ABBREVIATIONS. Lab.. . for Labio, labelum, lip Int. . . . Internis. Ext. . , . Externis. Nerv. , . . Nervis, osis. Lin. . . . Linearis. Rad. . . . Radiis, atis. Flos. . . . Flosculis. Eq. , . Ineq. . . Adn. . , . Equalis. . Inequalis. . Adnatus, 41oc. . . 4valv. . . Obt. . . . quadrilocularis. . quadrivalvis. . Obtusus. Ac. . . . . Acutus. Obi. . . . Oblongus. Ov. ovat. . . Ovatus. acum, . . . acuminatis. Ic. . . . , Icones. filif. . . . filiformis. polysp. multil. . . . polysperma. . . multilocularis. tubul. . . . tubulatis. infund. ♦ infundibuliformis. hypocr. unifl. . . hypocrateriformis. . uniflora. valv. . . valvis. cord. . . . cordatis. dent. . . dentatus. monad, diad. . didyn. . diff. . . . monadelphis. . . diadelphis. . . didynamis. . . different. fid. . . . . fidus, cleft. opp. . alt. . , . . oppositis. . . alternis. vertic. . . . verticilatis. char. . . . characteris. ABBREVIATIONS. obov. . . for obovatis. ellipt. . . . ellipticis. lane. . . . lanceolatis. renif. . . reniformis. deh. . . dehiscens. coal. . . coalitis. compr. . . compressis. ang. . . . angustis. canal. . . canaliculatis ABBREVIATIONS OF SOME AUTHORS. L. Lin. — for Ad. J. Jus. Dec. DC. W. Wild, R. Raf. Sm. Sw. Ag. P. Pers. R. P. Br. b. m. b. reg. Jaq. Lab. Cav. L'her. Ach. Lod. Linneus. Adanson. Jnssieu. Decandole. Wildenow. Rafinesque. Sir James Smith. Swartz. Agardh. Persoon. Ruiz and Pavon. Robert Brown, botanical maga- zine, botanical register. Jacquin. Labillardiere. Cavanilles. L'heritier. Acharius. Lodiges. N. Nek. for Necker. Mx. Michaux. Nut. Nuttall. Hook. Hooker. Lind. Tor. Cat. Big. Lindley. Torrey. Catesby. Rigelow. Roxb. Humb. Roxburg. Humboldt. El. Elliot. Leg. Legarza and Lave Th. Thunberg. Lour. T • ° Lioureiro. Forsk. Forskahl. Forst. Forster. Vitm. Vitman. Scop. Del. Scopoli. Delille. Spr. Sprengel, y the equal stani, rather a Polemon'tacca, I have shown smce 18*20 tliat this is tlie true essential distinction ; hut hy the insertion of stamens on disk instead of corolhi, it may he akin to Nyc- tagifiua. Perhaps other phints helong to this N. (J. compare Ipowca r^pln/lla .l»:. TELM u. Raf. Scilln. do Jaq. Sr. {nmpamtl 1a — 2 E. un- dulahim Raf. Scilid do Desf. Persoon Slc. 17. XURIDIA Raf. A.N. 1815. TheXiiRi- DEs. Stamina tenia libera. Ovarium liberum. capsula polysp. Perigonum 3-6 part. This tribe of monocotyle plants is certainly distinct from the Restidia, type G. Restio, which has sin- gle seeds, nuts or fruit, like Unisemia. It differs from Irides chiefly by free Pistil, from Galax- iDEs (the monadelphous Irides) besides by free stamens. Xuris is the typical G. Eriocaulon,, Xiphidium, Mayaca^ Wachendorfia,, Slc. be- long to it, as well as the following: 19 to 21- 18. Xuris mispelt Xyris by L. too near Iris. vere char. cal. persistens squamis 3 ineq. 2 mi- nor carinatis internis. cor. evanescens petalis 3 nnguicul. Stam 3 anth. subsess. ad ung. adn. anther obt. ovarium obov. 3 lobo. stylo 3fido, 3 stigma, caps. 3 valvis uniloc. seu ad basis sub Slocul. valvis septiferis set placentiferis polysp — Scaposis^ fol. gracilis^ fl. capitatis, bract, squamosis imhricatis — Linneus had only one sp. X. indica, R. Brown alone added 15, and now we know 35 species ! but some have peculiar characters, and form the 3 next Genera. The following 25 sp. belong here ; but several are yet united by mere habit, the fructif . not being prop- erly known. A', pubescens Desf. platycaulis Poiret, capensis Thunb. rnacrocephala Vahl, anceps Lam. t. V3%pusina, denticidata, palu- flosa, scabra., levis, bractcosa,, juneea, gracilis, filifolia,flexifolia, brevifolia, lacera, vivipara, lanata, &c. of Brown and others; besides 6 N. Amer. sp. brevifoUa Mx, earolinianaW. fim- briata Elliot, fistidosa Raf. (juncea Baldw, not Br.) obovaia Raf rctusa Raf. see my mon- om*. in New flora N. Amer. CENT. 1. 15 19. Synoliga R (united few) Diff. l8,Capsu- la unilocul. valvis iion placeiitiferis, receptac, centrale. Important characters perhaps united to others omitted, habit also difterent, a stem with distichal leaves, head with 2 or 3 flowers only: the A^. subnlata of Ruiz, X. jmuciflora W. and perhaps others. 20. RAi»ioTiiA;R (nomind) Diff 18. Nectaris seu appendices 3 fimbriatis- interjectis inter peta- lis. Stylo simplex, stigma capitatis plumosus. This includes several sp. blended as X. indica by authors, thus the original G. of Lin. also X. operculata and others. The following sp. were all X. indica oy\q,q\ 1. R. vera. Scapo sulcato spiralis, fol. latis, capit. ovatis, squamis subrot. glabris. Asia — 2 R. Africaria. Scapo sulcato basi spiralis, fol. angustis striatis, capit, globos, squamis subrot. fuscis ad medio pilosis. Africa — 3 R. ptihescens^ Scapo tereto, vagina foliosa pubescens, fol. latis, basi dilatatis, capit. squam- isque ovatis. obtusis; Antillis. X?/r/s^w6^.S'/. juncea Raf. (A. do Sm. fi. gr.) Scapo tereto, fol. 2. fistulosis, umb. globosa, spa- this 2 ovatis, petalis ellipticis acutis purpureis. Grecia. 43. Panstenu^i R (all narrow) DiiF. 33. Pe- talis linearib, angustis, planis enervis reflexis, Stam. filiformis ercctis. eqnalis, Caps. 3sp ?— ( ENT. 1. "21 P. rnonspefiSnlniium.Al. do (jJoiian t. 16, Vitni. Scapo tereto, fol. lanceolatis, uinbella ^lohosa. 45. Endotis R (/w.s/V/^^Y/r.v)Diff. 33. Fetalis internis basi biauriculatis, alia char, examinan- da — E. jif/fcfffiif'tf^ Caulescens, fol. ang. lin, suhcariii. A. ajypevdicidatum Ram. Pcrs. 40. Kkomon R (nam «t.) Dilf. 33. Fetalis ineq. planis, 3 ext. latior brevior, 3 internis lane, diiplo longior, Stam. Styloque longissimis fili- formis, — Kr. parviflorutn. Al. do L. an aff. Geboscon? 47. LoNCOSTE3iON R (lance stom) Diff. 33. Fetalis eq. scariosis vix patulis, Stam. eq. ex- serta, filam. lanceolatis s. medio latior, apice fi- lif. Caps. 3cocca, 3sperma ? — type L. victoriale, Allium do. auct, and akin sp. — Thus the single G. Allium of authors, offers 15 generic groups; altho' some may be deemed mere sub. genera, it will be hard to refer them properly. By bet- ter and closer researches in the view of correct distinctions, some of these will surely be further improved. At present the Linnean G. is only kept together by pure mistake, and mere habit of fiowers in umbels, yet some sp. have only 2, 3, 4, or 5 flowers. 48. MELOMniis R. 1815, (black knavel) Mel- enomphale Ronealm. Ornithogalum arahiciim L. et. auctoris. Fetalis 6 equalis concavis deci- duis. Stam. 6 equalis hypogynis, basi vix coali- tis, late subulatis planis. Disco hypogyno 3gono, Ovar. globos. Gsulc. stylo 3gono, stigma 31obo. Caps, globosa 31oc. 3valv. polysperma, semina obi. induplice series Scapis feretis,fl. coryrn- basis y siiaveclenSy alb^ hract. amplecienSy Disco, Ovar. et Caps, nigris vcrnicatis — A very natural and beautiful Genus, merely indi- 22 FLOR. TELlIJR. cated long ago by Renoalm, overlooked by Lin- iieus, and containing 3 sp. blended in one ! 49. Melomphis arabica Raf. Scapo multi- floro, fol. canalic. corol. camp, petalis externis obsolete 3dentatis — Arabia, Egypt, Madeira, Cape, often figured and the usual sp. of nearly all authors. 50. Melomphis sicula Raf. Scapo paucifloro 3-6, fol. subcarin. pedicellis abreviatis bracteis subequante cor. subglobosis, petalis obovatis retusis integris. — Sicily near Segesta, where 1 found it in 1807, in Corsica says DC. never figured, it is O. arabicum of DC. fl. gallica: 15 inches high, flowers large, shaped like those of Yuca. Estival. 51. Melomphis peruviana Raf. Scapo multi- floro, fol. planis marg. involutis, peduncuUs elonglatis ad bract, longior, corollis subpatentib. petalis ellipt. obt. subintegris, stigma pubescens. In Chili, Peru. Scape 2 or 3 feet with 11-15 flowers. Vernal. It is the O. corymhosufn R. P. fl. per. t. 300, Lindley hot. reg. 806. Hooker bot. mag. 3179. who calls it also O. umbellatnml and is at a loss to distinguish it from O. arabi- cum- ! 52. Syncodium R {union hell) Petalis 6 pa- tulis ad basi coalitis cum Stam. 6 monadelphis campanul. (ut in Narcissus) 6fidis, 3 fil. longior emarg. bicornis antheris erectis. Stylo, stig. simpl. Caps. 31oc. — Very distinct Genus, over- looked by all ; Ornithogalum nutans of L. and all authors! Type S. nutans. Scaposo fol. lin. carin. obt. fl. 5-20 racemosis secundis pendulls, bracteis fucis — In Europe, flowers greenish white, often figured. 53. Ornititogalon Diosk. L. omn. auct. Ver. Char. Perig. 6part. corolliformis persistens, ba- tiiiPfT. 1. 23 si connivens, superne patens, ccjualis. Stam. 3 lib. filani. subeq. subul. 3 alt. vix dilatatis. pe- talis ext. insertis. styl. stig. simpl. Caps. 31oc. 3valv. sem. plurima. Scapis; J1,. racern. sen. corymb, hractcatis. — All the botanists bad been puzzled to tlistinguish this G. from Skilla, with filiform Stamens, because the sp. had been blended, and thrown into such a medley, that at last the blue color of some Sklllas became their only distinction! The type of this ancient G. is O. umbellatum, and contains many co- rymbose sp. with laeteum, nanum, Sm. revolu^ turn, conicum, and all those with equal subu- late stamens. Besides many Scilla of authors, unifolia L. anthericoides Desf. R. TKLLUU. 85. ^iGADENDs Mx. Dift'. 83. petalis sossilis erectis glandiilis binis ferens. Ov. 3gon. 8tylis 3 obt. contiguis (in fig. Mx. Stylus trifido acuto) Caps 3gona 3Ioc. Seni. angulatis — I give this G. to contrast it with the next. Several sp. in my new Flora. 80. GoMPHOSTYLis R. n. fl. (club styles) peta- lis 6 patulis persistens, sessilib, subcoalitis, big- landulis. Stam. G basi dilatatis ovar. adpressis, apice deflexa filif. Styli 3 clavatis, Caps, ut in 85. CaulescenSy fl. subsplcatis, bracteis ohsitis. 87. GoMPH. bracteata Raf. Caule flexuoso, fol. lin. lane. acum. brevis, spicis oblongis, fl. subsessilis, bracteis petalisque ovatis acum. in- volutis. Virginia. Helonias bracteata Brereton mpt. Is the Veratrum Virginicum Ait. bot. mag. 865 a second sp. of this Genus ? or a Zig- adenus? 2. Gomphostylis? paniculata R. ra- cemis paniculatis, pedicelis bracteis longior, pe- talis bigland. ut. in Genus, and another sp. is perhaps the Veratrum Virginiciini of Sm. who says it is the real Melanth. Virgin, of Lin ! and also Helonias VirginicaCnY\\^ hot. mag. 983! 3 Gomph? or Z. fuscatus Raf. fol. nervosis plicatis, fl. panicul. petalis eUipticis sessilib. ex- tus pubescens, intus viridis, basi pustulis 2 fus- catis. 88. Veratrum L. this differs from the last by having no glands, on the sessile petals. Petalis 6 sessilis egland. Stam. subhypogynis. Caps. 3 polyspermis. Caulescens, fol. latis^ fl. panic. V. nigrum., V. album, V. viride of N. amer. V. luieum is Abalon albiflorum Raf. fl. white. V. sabadilla is probably a peculiar G. as the habit is different; Sahad. offic, fol. hn. lane, ner- vosis, fl. racem. secundis, pet. ovatis atropurp. Mexico, akin to next Genus. CKNT. I. 31 89. Anepsa R i\eratr.grec) Cor. campanul. 6 part, eglandula, sepalis eq. angustis. Stam. C breviss. ad bas. scpalis. insert, filani filif. an- theris subrot. Ov. 31id. stylis 3, caps. 3 coalitis oligosp. Caulescens^fol. angtistis, Jl. panicul. sepe dicVwls. 4 Sp. at least, v. v. 90. Anepsa spicata Raf. fol. longiss. filif. canalic. spica basi ramosa, fl. subsess. bract, subul. brevissim. sepalis lane, acutis. mts. Apalach pedal, fl. purplish dioical. 91. Anepsa graminifolia Raf. Caule angu- lato, fol. gramineis planis, striatis, panicula ra- cemosa, bract, setaceisfl. longior, pedic. 1-3 floris, sepalis lane, acum — West Kentucky, pedal, fl. incarnate. 92. Anepsa carinata R (V. angustif. Mx. auct) fol. longis lin. carinatis panic racemosa, sepalis linearib — mts. Apalach. fl. dioicis virido- luteis. 93. Anepsa latifoUa R (V. parvifl. Mx. auct) fol. ov. lane, planis, panic, racem. gracilis, pe- dic. brevis, sepalis lane, acutis — mts. Apalach. fl. polyg. viridis. 94. Epionix R. (on claws) Fetalis 6 ungui- cul. eglandulis, lanceol. Stam 6. adnatis ad ung. apex. Ovar. tereto 3sulcato, Stylis 3 recurvis. Caps. 31ocul. Caulescens, paueifl.. grandifl — Fine African Genus made 2 G. by Linneus! Tkilipa breyjiiana, Melanthiurn ethiopicum ! Sir J. Smitli who corrected this, calls it M.jla- vum, but there are 2 sp. M. unifl. Jaq. W. is the 2d. others copy these blunders as usual — 1. Epionix rubra R. Caule 3-4 floro, fol. lin. lane. fl. rubris. 2. E. flava, Caule, unifl. fol. lin. lane. fl. flavo. 95. Aphoma R (no pustule) Fetalis 6 sessi- is. pustulis nullis. Ovar. ad basis Oclandul. 'J*2 ri.OR. TELLl'll. Caps. 3gona 3Iociil. Cetera ut Zi^adenus. Rod. bulb. Caulesc. paucijl — Typ. Melatithhim in- dicum L. aiict. plurima sp. confusa. 1. A. an- gusiijlora R. fol. lin. petalis linearih. acutis. 2. cuneata, fol. lin. lane, petalis cuneatis obtu- sis. Both in India. 9G. Ox\ixoTis R (claic eared) Diff. 83. un- guiculis pet. sepe canalic. basi vel apice biden- tatis s. biauriculatis, eglandulosis. Caps. 31oc.' Jl. spic, s. racem — Several sp. from Africa, call- ed Melanthiiim by authors. 1. O, ciliata^ O. seeundn, Slc. have auricles at base of claw. 2 a Sub. Genus Zigotila,, auric, ad apice ung. ft. racemosis. viridis Raf. fol. ovatobl. scapo 2-3fl. fl. viridis. Mel. racemoides Jaq. 450. Curtis 641. Sm. &.C. 97. Ornithogloson Salisb. Diff. 83. Petalis sessilis reflexis basi nectariferis, Stam. 6 hypo- gynes. Type O. s. Melanth. viride L. 98. Skizima R {split stig.) Diff. 83. Petalis 6 sessilis cuculatis egland. stylis nullis, stigma 3 bifidis. Caps- 3loc. 6 Sp. Scapls paucijl — S. pumila R. Scapo brevis 3-4fl. fol. cespit. lane, rigid, canal, basi barbatis — Fuegoland, fl. albis. Melanth. pum, Forst. W. P. 99. Plexinium R (segm. union) Diff. 83, Cor- olla Gpartita, s. Gfida, sepalis basi coalitis, sessi- lib. ad basis poriferis staminiferis. Stam. glabris? Type PLpiinctatum\\\\\ch is Melardh.capense L. and M. motiopetahrm ! L. 2 sp. are only one. Mel. sibiricum probably belongs here also, having united sepals. 100. Crosperma Raf. 1825 neog. (colored seed) Melanthiitm., Helonias, auct. Corolla persistens, rotata, 6part. sepalis sessil. glandulis o. Stam. 6 filif. Stylis 3. Capsulis 3 vix coalitis monosp. sem. arillatis, arillis coloratis^ Caules- CENT. II. 3^ cens fol. ang.jl. racemosls — This G. includes several sp. that have heen united to 5 or G Ge- nera! now commonly blended in Helonlas but with different fruit. Chiefly from N. Amer. and in great confusion. See my New flora. The fol- lowing are the types, 1. C rasper ma loeta Raf. M.loetum^eriithrosp.Htlonlas do auct. 2. Cr. phalangioides R. Mel. do W. P.antheric. sub- trigynum Jaq. Slc 3. Cr. angustif. R. not M, do Mx. and several new species. FLORA TELLURIANA CENTUNIA SECUNDA. 101. Zaga R (nom. ind.) Cal. persistens 5part. eq. Fetalis 5 subeq. Stam. 10 libera. Stylo cur- vo. Legum. ovato compr. crasso duro apex unci- nato, intus monoloc. 2-8 sperm. Sem. angul. rubris. Arbor, fol. imp. pinnatis,Jl. panicul — 1. 2^. latifolia. Foliolis 7 oppos. petiol. ovato lane. leg. rectis uncinatis dispermis — 2 Z. par- vifolia foliolis alt. sessilib. ellipt. leg. falcatis 7-8spermis. Both trees called Zaga by Rum- phius, grow in Molucas. The G. is near Ces- alpina, and also Xylocarpa by the fruit. 102. Alagopiiyla R. diff*. Gesneria, Cor. tubulosa, limbo 5lobo equalis, glandulis 2 hy- pog. posticis ad ovar — A. dasyanthes Raf. Gesn. alagopiiyla^ Martens, Lindley hot. reg. 1767. Villosa, fol. obi. obt. crenatis, fl. spicatis luteis, villosis, limbo flavo. In Brazil. The true Gesneria has the Cor. camp, bilabiate ! another Gesneria with unilabiate! corolla, is my Meg- apleilis bnlbosa 201. 103. Calacinum R (Cal. bacca) Diff. Poly- gonum., Fagopyriniu Hdxinr^ Cnl. 5part. eq. s 31 FLOR. TELLUR. cone, persistens baccans Stam 8. Ovar ovat, Stylis 3 dilatatis foliaceis, stig. acutis. Sem. ovato incluso in bacca globosa calycina. Frutex voUihil. Ji. raceinosis pohjgamis G. intermed. b.etw. Polygon, and Cocolaba, another added to the 10 good Genera blended with the first by authors — 1. C. adpressum Raf. (Pol. do Lab. 127. Hook. hot. m. 3145) ramis teretis, fol. cord. sag. marg. scabris. Australia edulis. 2. C- australis R (Cocol. do Forst) fol. cord, ovatis. N. Zeland. 101. CocoLOBA L. differs from last by, CaL basi carnoso, ovar. immerso. Stam. basi coalitis in annulo. stylis 3 simpl. stig. obt. — Typ. C. iwifera L. fol. cord, baccis nutans pyriformis, spicatis. Tree, Florida Antilles &.c. often fig- ured, many Sp. miited thereto must be exam- ined again. 105. Naucorepiies R (nut covered) Cocol- oba auct. diff. styli dilatatis cuneatis dentatis, Ovar. lobat. Nux. 3-61oba, l-6sperma in cal. baccans inclusa — Typ. 1. C puhescens L. 2, punctata auct. et alia sp. 106. LoLANARA R (nom ind) Cal. bisqua- mosus, Fetalis 6, duplice series, 3 int. major. Stam. plurima hypogyna. Drupo ovato, nucleo bivalvis intus pulposo polysp? — L. odorata, fol. ovatis sparsis scabris. Oceanic tree, Lolanwara of Rumphius. Family Hesperidia. 107. TuLiPA L. Cor. camp, petalis 6 decid. glabris subeq. nectaris nullis, Stam. 6. subeq. filam. glabris, antheris erectis. Stigma sessile magno 3 lobo trigono. Florih. erectis — Genus; very near Fritillaria^ Erythronium &lc. many sp. not well described. T. gesneriana, clusiana^ suaveolens, oculus-soHs, and several N. Sp. all seen alive. Type of tribe Tulipires. xtifT. li. ^^ 108. Tiilipa unguiculata li. unifl. fol. ov. tanc. corolla ovata, petalis flavis apice unguicu- lutis. Caucasus. 109. Ttdipa laclniata R. unifl. fol. ov. lane- undulatis, corolla dilatata camp, petalis obovatis undulatis laciniatis versicolor. In Hor- tis. 110. Tulipa bicolorKiiL atl. J. 1833. Caule flex, unifl. fol. ov. lane, planis acum. petalis acutninalis, 3 int. obov. albis, 3 ext. ovat. incar- natis. Arkanzas. 111. Tulipa aurea Raf. A. J. 1833. unifl. fol, ang. eanal. apice falcatis, petalis acuni. luteis, 3 ext. lane. 3 int. ovatis. In Gardens from Texas. 112. Tulipa montana R. A. J. 1833, Caule unifol. unifl. fol. rad. angustis planis, petalis Ian- cieol. acutis eroeeis. Alleghany mountains. 113. LiRioPOGON Raf. (Lily bearded) Tulipa auct. Difl*. Petalis apice barbatis, Stam. barba- tis ad basis vel. apice — ^Types L. celsianumy sifltestre, biflornm &e. all Tulipa of authors ; but the first was made Melanthium nniflorum by Curtis b.m. 717! 114. Amblirion Raf. 1817. Diff*. 107. Fila- mentis toto hirsutis, Stylo clavato piloso, stigma Sgono.floribus nutans ut in FritlUaria — Typ. A. grecum Raf. Tulipa sihthorpiana Sm. unifl. fol. 2 ovatis, petalis obtusis — The doubtful Lili- um pudicum of Pursh, since united to Fritilla- ria, Tulipa, appears to belong here by habit, and a elavate style ; but it is perhaps smooth. AmhL pndicum Raf. 1816 unifl. fol. lin. lane, petalis obovatis retusis flavis. Oregon. 115. Varronia L. Cal. tubul. persist. 5dent. Cor. tubul. limbo parvo patulo Sfido, equalis. Stam. 5 eq. in tubo. Stylo 4 fida, Stigma 4. 3^ rLOR. TELLUa. Drupa mix 4locul. sepe 4sperma. — Typ. V. liri' eata^ bullata, ^lohosa., alba^ genicidata^ alia sp. Older ARCYTHIA, tribe AGIPHILIA Raf, 1815. 110. Catonia Raf. (Cato agr.) Diff. Cor. campan. siibintegra crenata. stylo dichot. Dru- pa monosp — Typ. C. lantanoides Raf. Varro- nia monosperma auct. spicis globosis, fol, ov. lane. Carracas. 117. Habenaria W. Br. auct. Whoever deems the numbers of Stamina unimportant in Grasses, Lilies &.€. must regret that this G. and many other Orciiides are based on their double number, altho' a most essential charac- ter : 1 and 2, 3 and G, 5 and 10 stamina, al- ways distinguish very distinct Genera, and who- ever unites Azalea to Rhododendron sins against Linneus and Nature! meantime not- withstanding the learned labors of Swartz, Brown, Richard, Lindley ... on Orchides, they have left HaLenaria, Orchis, Epidendron and other G. in utter perplexity. The last char, of Habenaria is merely a Cor. ringens, label- lum calcaratum, antheris nudis binis — while other Genera have elaborate definite charac- ters of 50 or GO words. Habenaria thus in- cludes many blended G. and requires complete reform. I shall now begin it, and give a new essential character of Habenaria Raf. Cor. ringens, lab. ad basi calcarato, glandulis nullis, col. simplex, antheris 2 divisis nudis anticis ver- tical. Caulescens. ft. racemosis — Types the Amer. Sp. having those char. H. Jimbriatay O. habenaria, and akin Sp. 118. Platantiiera Richard. Diff*. Cor. pa- tula, columna dilatata, antheris 2 terminalis lateralis nudis. remotis. Scaposis, fol. binis CENT. II. 37 rail. ampVis. — Type tlio various sp. hlonded as Orchis or llahen. hifolia, now 7 or 8 Sp. many new in the Alleghany nits. I do not know the sub-genus Jltcoaa of Lindley, is it my next Genus ? 119. TvLOTis R. (wart ear) Diff. 117. Label, ad basis supra uniglanduloso, ad latere *2 auri- cul. s. bidentato. Col. brevis dilatata biloba, an- theris ut Plata nthcra^ habitus ut JIabettaria, jioribus fra^rans. Types 4 Sp. described 1832 in my Herb. Raf. //. herbiola, fiiscesceiis sp. with Per. homispher. ineq. oxt. laxus imbri- catus, Radiis 10-20 sinipl. series ang. vix. clcn- tatis, seiii. aiig. pubescens, pappus scabro pilis caliculatis — The name Aster root of Asterias and otliers must be lengthened as did T. I re- fer to Esenbeck &.c. for Sub. G. and akin Gen- era; but some of Iiis are fahicious, Sj/mphotri- chum for instance says Hooker, in fact many Asters have annular pappus at base. Meantime I add the indication of my own Genera settled between 1815 and 1825. 155. Leiaciienis Raf. (smooth ach) DifT. 154, Sem. levis, pappus simplex non caliculato; Several Sub. G. 1. Psukelis. Per. foliaceus, radiis 15-25. A. paludosus L. — 2. Merisis. Per. laxis, Rad. paucis 10-12. A. cordifolius, paniculatus Slc. — 3. Dodecalis Per. sep. ad- pressis, rad. 10-12. A. corymbosus, dumosus &.C. — 4. FiMBRAMis. Per. sep. adpr. iimbriatis, rad. 15-25, A. foliolosus, sparslflorus «Slc. auctoris. The shrubby Asters are akin to this Genus. A. sericeus of America has 10 rays, lane, acute, entire, A, argophylus of Australia has only 3 rays, A. angustif. of Africa has many oblong rays nearly biserial. They proba- bly form as many Sub-Genera. My Venatris is another perhaps, see 163. 156. DiPLACTis R (double rays.) The Asters with crowded long rays in double or triple se- ries, narrow linear subentire, pappus simplex. Such are A. alphms, caucasicus, novanglia, cyaneus, hl^ndus ^^ Annua, fol. simplices stipu- latis, fl. race mosis.— Very distinct Gr. blended with Crotalaria by all : yet nearer Liiphius, anthers quite peculiar. 217. Anisanthera Versicolor Raf. Caule fiexuoso 4gono. fol. glabris ovatis obovatisque, obtusis, stipulis lunulatis, racemis terminalis. — Beautiful flowers variegated of white, blue and purple. Said to grow in the tropics of both hemispheres. Often figured. It is the Crota- laria verrucosa of W. and D. C. but there is no- thing warty about it. Andr rep. 308, hot. reg. CENT. III. 61 1137, bot. mag. 3031. Crot. cerulea Jaq. Ic rai'. 144 an Sp. di versa ? Crot. angidosa Lam. Cav. 321. Probably several sp. blended, the Asiatic and Antillian plants must be again compared, and perhaps other Crotal. belong here, like the next. 218. Anisanthera hastata Raf. diff. fol. has- tato lanceol. acutiss, deemed a Var. of last by Lam. Persoon. &c, Certainly distinct. From Mauritius and Bourbon Ids. 219. IsoRiuM R. (Equal lobes) diff. from Echium. — Cor. longo tubulosa, limbo 51obo equalis, Cal. 5part. ineq. Stam. 5 ineq. stigma capit. Nucibus 4 stylo adnatis. — Very distinct G. of nat. family Echidia, that differs from Borraginea by unequal cal. cor. or stam. Type Isoriumformosum Raf. Ech. do Persoon. Ech. grandiflorum Andr. t. 20. African shrub, leaves lanceol. hispid, fine large red flowers. 220. Nemuranthes R. (fil. caud. fl.) Orchi- dea. Ad Habenaria et Blephariglotis diff. Cor. bilabiata, pet. ext. supero concavo trinervo cucu- lato, 2 ext. reflexis, petalis 2 internis bipartitis, labello tripartite segm. linearis, medio brevier, Calcar longissimo filiformis (pedalis.) Ovar. pedic. clavato sulcato, columna trifida brevis, antice glandulis 2 appendiculatis. Anthera Unica ! terminalis 2 loc. antice cornuta. Caule folioso racemoso non spicato ! — Wonderful Genus, no //rt&^/i/?r?*rt since unic anther! floral structure quite peculiar, really racemose. Types the real Orchis habenaria L, or Hahenaria macroeera. of W. and the following fine species. 221. Nemuranthes lori,witli 0 yellow pustules, Hooker Synonymy is (piite wroni; since he blends the 3 Sp.^intoone! This has several scapes uncial. *241. Hexaphoma pvtlolaris Raf. Saxifr. leucanth. Mx. Elliot Pers. and all the Amer. bot. not Hooker nor Europ. botanists ! fol pe- tiolatis spatulatis elonsfatis ovatis grosse serratis scapo hirsuto, panic diffusa, — Apalachian Mts. a single bipedal scape, leaves 3 or 4 inches long, fl. small variegated with yellow and pink, proba- bly by the pustules and red pistils. 242. Hexaphoma ? jjifrenaica Raf. Sax. leucanth. Lap. t. 25. et europ. auct. Sax. clusi ? Gouan non Clusius, J3auhin ic 708 monente Smith — Fol. cuneatis petiolo brevi alato hirsu- tis lato dentatis, scapo bracteisq levis. vestito panicul. petalis pustulatis ? — Mts. Pyrenees and Alps of Europe, flowers large white stated without spots by some, perhaps 2 Sp. blended as in America. Smith distinguished this plant from that of Michaux, refering that to llupl- fraga^ did he mean that in this the petals are equal ? then this would be a real Tlifdatica like Saxlfr. Stellarts. The S. clasi of Gouan and Vitman has a foliose viscid Stem, leaves spatu- late cuneate viscid, racemes axillary dichotome, petals white. It must be a peculiar Sp. Hexa- phoma Tiscida Raf. 243. RupiFRAGA L. Mpt. Adenogyna Raf. Cal. basi coalito, 5fidus subineq. Petalis 5 ine- qualis, 3 supcris brevis, 2 infe.is elongatis, stam. 10 subcq. Ovario sub liberum, glandula magna carnosa ad dorso supera, stylis 2,capsula bivalvis. m FLOR. TELLUR. Sfoloifffn-a, fol. rfuTw. jjetiol. /?. panicuhitis, — Certainly ;i boautiiiil distinct Genus, with liabit of HexapliotiKi^ which Smith tells us Linneus meant to establish : 1 did the same before knowing of this. The type is Riipifraga Sar- mentosa L. herb, of China and Japan, well known in our gardens with round lobate leaves. It is i^axlfraga ^arnnentosa L. et Auct. Curtis b. m. 92. S. stolonifera Jaq. Meers t. 23. &.c. It is as different from Saxifraga as Iberis is from Alyssum. 244. PiAROPiiYLA, R. (thick leaf) diff. ^axi- fraga^ Cal. campanul. 5-8fidus. petalis obov- atis 5-8 campanularis, Stam. 10-16 ineq. alternis latior, ovario libero, stylis 2-3, Caps. 2-3 valvis. Fol. rad. hints, crassis amplis^ scapo nudo, florib. cijmosis. — Habit quite peculiar indicat- ing a Genus, 3 types blended as Saxifraga crassifoUa of authors. 245. Piarophyla sihirica Raf. Fol. petiol. ovato subrotundis retusis serratis, fl. densis pur- pureis — Mts. of Sibiria. Gmel. t. 06. Curtis hot. mag. t. 196. Sm. W. DC. 246. Piarophyla cordifolia^ Raf. Fol. pe- tiol. cordatis ovatis serratis, fi. glomeratis. Si- biria. ^axifr. cordifolia, Haworth, Alton. Var. of crassifolia Smith. 247. Piarophyln elliptic a Raf. Fol. subses- silib. ellipticis obtusis subintegris vel vix serratis, cyma glomcrata pedata, florib. nutans — In Si- biria and N. W. America. This is the real Sr/x. crassifolia of Lin. dec. t. 14. Buchoz dec. t. I and my American specimen hardly differs. 248. Steiranisia, R. (sterile uneq.) Cal. 5 partitus, petalis 5 equalis, sessiles, Stam. 10 planis subeq. nonnulis sterilis ineq. petaloideis vel clavatis — Very distinct anomalous Genus CENT. III. 69 \vitli Stamens mostly sterile. Types ^axifr, punctata^ rcJUwa^ helcnintha t^*c. 249. i:^t('iranisiapu?wtata,liaf.(J^iix. do L.) Fol. subrotimdis dentatis longc petiolatis, scapo nudo, petalis pimctatis. Sibiria. 250. Sff'franisia refjexa Raf. (Sax. do. Hook, fl. bor. t,85) Cano pubescens, fi. corymbosis, pe- talis bimaculatis, staminibus lanceolatis. In Oregon. 258, Steiranisia hetcrantha Raf. (Sax, do. Hook, fi. bor. t. 78) Staminib. sterilis plurimis varians clavatis et petaloideis, fertilis filiformis, Boreal America. Is it another G. Heterisia / having more than 10 Stam, 252. Telesonix, R. (perfect claws) Cal. 5 partitus petalis 5 equalis orbiculatis longe un- guiculatis, Stam. 10 eq. filam, brevis. Ovar, liberis stylis 2, caps, lit Saxifraga. Caulescens pauciflora. Type. Telesonix jarnesi ! Raf, (Sax. do Torrey, Hooker, Eaton) Fol. renif, crenato dentatis, papillosis, caule brevi paucifi. petalis integris purpureis — Mts, Oregon, near to G. Aphomonix. 253. TuLORiMA, R. (wart pits) diff. Saxifr. and Hydatica by Cal- reflexo Spartito, petalis unguicul. ad ung. fossulis binis ferens verriicis centralis annulatis,— Type Tal. cymhalaria Raf, Sax. do Auct. Caule procumb. fol. cordatis tri- lobis vel integris, petalis ovatis flavis. Oriental plant. 254. HiRcuLUs, Raf Cal. 5part. reflexo, pe- talis scssilib, nervosis ad basis bituberculatis vel verrucis 2 sine fossula, ovario ovato libero, Caulescens 1-2 fl. fol. shnpL — Type Wlr cuius punctatus Raf, (/S^axifr, hirculus L. ) Fol. lan- ceol. petalis ellipt, flavis, nigro punctatis, — Alps, VU FLOR. TELLUR. • Sibiiia, and boreal Amer, Perhaps several blended species. 255. Hemieva, Raf. (half well) Cal. adhe- rens patens Sfido, petalis 5 eq. Stam. 5 petalis alternis, Ovar. coalito infero, snpradisco annu- laris cincto petalis et stam. ferens. Capsula cal. coronata, apice bivalvis. Caulescens^fol. loha- tis, jl. Splcis corymhosis. — Fine G. mixt with Saxifraga by Hooker. 5 Stamens and the disk are very essential characters^ nearer to Tellima and Heiichera. 2 types. 256. Hemieva ranancidifolia Rdf. (Sax. do Hook. fl. t. 83) Pubera, fol. rcnif. 3part. infimis longe petiol. segmentis latocuneatis inciso lo- batis, fl. corymbosis, petalis obovatis ad cal. duplex. — Falls of the R. Oregon or Columbia. 257. Hemieva richardsoni Raf. (Sax. do. Hooker fl.) Fol. orbic. cordatis crenato lobatis, spicis corymbosis, bract, lanceol — Arctic Sea of boreal America. 258. EvAiEzoA, R. (well everlasting) Aizoon et Aizoum of old botanists, Saxifraga Tourn L. auct — Diff*. Saxifraga 233. Cal. adherens 5fido, pet. 5 eq. sessilis, Stam. 10 eq. Ovar. adherens infero vel semi inf. Stylis 2, Capsula coronata, semi-bivalvis. — This comprizes all the Saxifragas with coalescent Ovary and calix, that do not belong to Poiiista, Aphomonix, Rupifraga, Hemieca &c. They are numer- ous and of dissimilar habit indicating several Subgenera, such as Antiphyla Haworth with opposite leaves, Aizonia, Porphyrion, Dacty- loides ^"C of authors. Here belong the Saxi- fraga oppositifolia, retusa, biflora, aizoides, punctata, granidaia, btdbifera, cuneata, pal- mata, cespitosa, hirla, cesia, ajugifolia, lada- 7iifera, trifurcata, pedatijida, geranoides, ri- CENT. HI. 71 Tularis, callosa, mutata^ jjensyh, erosa, an- drosacea^ hicracifoUa, diapensoidcs^ hnrseri- ana^ esholtzi, scrpyJlfoUa^ vtmosa, exarotcf, silenijl. laiirenfiana, exilis, nutans^ &lc. ; but they are yet in great confusion of synonymy, and many Sp. are blended, of which I give two instances. 259. Enaiezoa trichodes Raf. Cespitosa, caulescens fol. lanceol. acutis glaucis, pedunc. unifl, petaHs cal. brevior. — In the Alps. Sax. trichodes Scopoli fl. earn. t. 15. Vitm. S. alpina Seof. ver. t. 9. S. muscoides Allioni t. 61 ? 260. Ecaiezoa piingcns Raf. Caule viscido paucifloro, fol. crassis pungens subul. imbricatis ciliatis, fl. 5-7 fastig. petalis undulatis. — In the Alps and Pyrenees. Sax.burserianaiuap. t. 17. Sm. Var. Spinosa Pers. — Both these are diffe- rent from Sax. hurseriana with which they have often been blended. 261. Eriogyna Hooker, diff*. Saxifraga 233 by, Stam. 20 basi coalitis, cal. turbinate Sfido, pistilis et capsulis 4-6 liberis lanatis bivalvis, stylis 5, Caulescens., fol. dimsis, JJ. racemosis. It is a wonder Hooker ventured in this innova- tion, while he left llemieva. Steiratiisia, iirple, male and female on the same spike. I can find no synonym for this : it differs from the usual character by lacking the tubular stipules, a small subulate deciduous stipule appears in- stead in some leaves and flowers; described on a dry specimen. 418. Chulusiu:*! Raf. (nom. anticus) Cal. Sfidus inequalis, lac. 2 major, Stam. 5, ovario compresso, stylis 2, Sem. lenticularis. fl. spi- catis coloratis, — Types Polyg. omphibkim, natans, filiforme, and several North Amer, Sp. blended in piinctatum, such as the follow- ing, also P. fluitans of Eaton. 419. Ghuliiskim acuminatum Raf. Pol. ptinctatum Raf. annals nat. 9^. I'^ol. lato lanceol. acum. peticlatis, subtus punctatis, ochreis nervosis muticis, spicis densis, fl. gemi- natis, bracteis ovatis — In West Kentucky, fl. white. 420. Peutalis Raf. (nom. gr.) Fersicaria Tourn. Ad. Necker,ad Versica and Carya ma- lum. Cal. 5part. subeq. Stam 6, una interjecta ad latere ovar. compr. stylo 1 bifido, Sem. len- ticularis. flores spicatis coloratis. — Types P. persicaria, nodosa^ hydropiper, minus, in- cfma, and several N. Sp. from North America, see my flora, also P. inearnata Elliot. CUNT. V. 15 421. DiscoLENTA Raf. dili*. 420. stylis 2, Sem. discoformis iitrinqiie latere concavo. — Type, D. lapathifolia and my scabra. 422. Heptarina Raf. (7 iiiasc) diff. 420. CaL coroUato equalis, Stam 7, bina interna latere ovario, stylis 2. Jlores racemosis. — Type 11. orientaUs. 423. DiocTis Raf. 1817 (2 and 8) diff. 420. Stam. 8, internis 3 minor, stylis 2. — I'yP^^ ^^' pensylvanica, and 3 Sp. of my fl. Ludov. bi- corne^ maculatiim, vernum, besides equiseii- folia of Egypt. 424. MiTESiA Raf. (mildness) diff. 420, stylo 1 bifido, ineq. Sem. ovato subtrigono, Stam 8. — Types M. albi flora, hirsuta, punctata El- liot and my 31. dlvergens, M. jnontana SfC. 425. PoGALis Raf. (beard diff.) diff. 420, stam 6, Stylis 3, Sem. vix. lenticularis — Types P. harhata, tinctoria, tomentosa, &lc. This concludes tEe reform of Polt/gonuni^ with my Calaciniim 103, in all 22 Genera. If all those with lenticular seeds and Slid calix have been commonly deemed Fersicaria, the difference that 1 have shown, prove that at least Sub Genera are required. I am not yet sure to have exhausted this Genus, and may return to it if needful. I have in my herbal many new species of it as yet, some of vthich I add. 420. Polygonum fasfigiatum Raf. caule erecto ramoso fastigiato fuscato, fol. lin. lan- ceol. adpressis, ochreis laceris, axillis unifloris — annual, Alleghany mts. 427. Polygonum crasslcaule Raf. caule crasso striato diffuso ramoso, ramulis brevis di- varicatis, fol. parvis subpotiolatis oblongis, ob- tusis, axillis l-3Horis — Perennial, Alleghany mts. stem pedal rigid, near P. erect urn. 16 FLOR. TELL. 428. Pohjf^onnm imhricatum, Raf. mul- ticaule, caulib. l)revis flexuosis vix ra- mosis, fol. imhricatis linearibus. ochreis la- ceris scariosis, axillis unifloris — annual, Ken- tucky, dwarf only 3 to 4 inches. 429. Polygonum angustifolium Raf. caule erecto flexuoso ramoso, fol. longis. linear! b. angustis, ochreis integris, axillis unifloris — On the Sea shore and islands of Jersey and Vir- ginia, pedal different from P. tenue. 430. Discolenta sccibra Raf. Polyg. lapa- thifol. of Amer. hot, non alis. Caule erecto subramoso, fol. longe lanceolatis acuminatis scabris, infimis petiolatis, ochreis laceris, spiels paniculatis gracilis carneis — North America, 2 or 3 feet, large leaves, 6 to 8 inches long. 431. Mitesia dlrergens Raf. caule nodoso dichotomo ramis divergens vel retroflexis debi- lis, fol- sessilis longis lineari lanceol. glabris, ochreis ciliatis, spicis filiformis carneis — annual in Kentucky, singular sp. with widely spread branches. 432. Peidalis linearis Raf. caule simplex .nodoso, foli is linearib. elongatis, margine gla- bris, ochreis ciliatis, spicis plurimis filiformis rubiis — Carol, and Florida, one or two feet, flowers very small sessile and pedicellate. 433. GoNOiXcrs Raf. (k' lees swelled) I have to add here a very lingular Genus, that unites many anomalies on the same spikes. Polygam. cal vix coloratus, \\\Qi\. 4-5fidus 2-3ext. major, stam. 6-8, ovar. et Sem. trigonis vel lenticula- ris, stylis brevis 2-3, stig. capitatis. Flores Spi- catis, mascuUs el su perms sepe ^jidis. There- fore this appears to unite the characters of Ibrara, i^eiiialts and Mitesia, yet differs from all by the calix less divided, hardly color- CENT. V. It fed, except in the male flowers. Is not this a hybrid Genus? and hybrid new Species? 434. Gononcus iindulatus Raf. Glabrum, diffusum, ramosum, fol. lanceol. undulatis acu- minatis obtusiuscuHs, geniculis inflatis oblongis, ochreis tubulosis ciHatis; spicis terminaHs nu- tans gracilis imbricatis, basi interrupte foHosis. — In the swamps of Delaware, New Jersey and near Philadelphia, but rare : leaves acrid pun- gent, unspotted, nervose beneath ; flowers green somewhat incarnate inside, male oft;en white, the lower ones commonly with trigone seeds, the upper ones with lenticular seeds. Has it sprung from Mitesia albiflora ? but this has narrow flat leaves, slender naked white spikes. 435. Gentiana. One of the finest and yet most obsure linnean Genus, Jussieu said of it, an G. dimdendum? Sir James Smith said that Linneus knew not this Genus ! many of his Sp. were doubtful, awd he has put in it even Sp. be- longing to other families. G. aphyla, filifor- mis and heterocllta, have since been united to Exaciim, but the last is a peculiar Genus of Acanthacea ! The whole G. was often divided, but the blundering linneists would not admit the propriety. Tournefort had 140 years ogo 2 Genera, Gentiana with campanulate flowers, and Centaurium infundibuliform. Renealm, Morison, Adanson, Necker, i^ichard &c, have tried to improve it, but the Erythrea of Neck- er adopted by Richard has only been generally admitted. The whole requires a radical re- form ; this G. and its family has always been a peculiar favourite of mine, and I will he able to rectify the whole, adding many new Sp. also. It is as bad as Saxlfraga was, having 4 to 9 Sta- mens, free or united, calix and corollas of all 3 18 FLOR. TELL. shapes &-c, thus belonging to 7 Unnean classes, and being merely united by the fruit, as if the fruit alone was to form Genera, whereby all the Cruciferes should be one Genus ! all the Gen- tians have a bivalve unilocular capsule, and so have 100 other Genera. Meantime I have de- tected in the whole group 4 important charac- ters overlooked by all the botanists. 1st. All the Stamens are opposed to the segments of the Corolla as in the Primulacea ! this will remove the Gentianides in the serial order : any one with alternate stamens must be removed from the family. 2d. The segments of the calix are more or less unequal in length or breadth in nearly all, this is a generic character. 3d. The stamens are equal, when they are unequal as in Lisianthus &.c, those Genera belong to Lisuinthides,^s\\h^^.vci\\y of Convolvulides, 4th. All the leaves are entire sessile, opposite or ver- ticilate with reticulated veins besides the nerves, which are easily perceived in all their leaves. I shall now proceed with this fine group, dividing it into many good Genera with the akin Chironia, and adding some new spe- cies; but many more are in my flora of North America. 436. Gentiana Ad. non Necker, cal. camp, anomalo spathaceo seu truncato, l-61obato. Cor. camp. 6-91oba equalis, stam. 6-91iberis. Rad, crassis amara, Fol. etfl. opj?os. seu vertic. — This must remain as the typical Genus, and the typical Sp. is G. lutea or officinalis, to which that name was given by the greeks. But the Genus is thus reduced to but few species, and even requires to form three subgenera. 1. Picriza (bitter root) Cal. 3-61obato, Cor. camp, rotata. This includes G. lutea., pannonica. CENT. V. 19 campanulata ^'C. — 2. Vleuroglossa (lateral tongue) Cal. truncatus, latere sepalo unico lin- gua similis, cor. camp, subtubulosa. Types G. punctata^ G. purpurea, Slc. — 3. Tulhela, Cal. camp. 5-7fid. ineq. Cor. camp. 10-14fid. lac. alternis minor ciliatis, stam. 5-7. Type G. rossica Riif. (7 fida Pallas, Frol. Persoon.) These subgenera might even become Genera if more Species are found belonging thereto. 437. Dasistepiia Renealm. Ad. Cal. tubal, Sdentato, Cor. tubulosa, campan.. plicata 5den- tata. Stam. 5, antheris coalitis — Types D. ar- clepiadea, and D. cespitosa R. Gentiana auct. 438. Diploma Raf. Cal. camp. Sfidus, Cor. infundib. inequalis lOfida, Stam. 5, antheris coalitis. Stylo et Stigma bilamel. — Types D. altaica, ungiistifoUa, pyrenaica Raf. &.c. see 484, 485. 439. CiMiNALis Morison, Mench, Thylacitis Renealm. Cal. camp. 5fido, sinubus obt. Cor. camp. Sdentata, sinubus plicatis integris, Stam. 5 liberis? stigma capitato 41obo undukto. — Type C grandiflora, angustif, alpina SfC which were Gent, apliyla and 2 var. of Au- thors, Genus very distinct from Vneutnonan- the by the stigma ; the Ciminalis of Adanson was the Xolemia blended with Pieriza. 440. Pneumonanthe Tournef. Neck. Cal. tub. camp, subtrunc. 5fidus ineq. Cor. tubul. camp. 51ida, sinubus integris. Antheris 5 coa- litis vel connivens, stylo elongato, stig. 2lam. — This is a very extensive Genus, containing many of the European and American Sp. of Gentians, the types being the various Sp. blend- ed by L. under G. Pneumonanthe and the akin Sp. such as the following and 487, 488, 441. IPneumonanthe media Raf. Gent. 20 FLOR. TELL. pneum. N. Am. botanists, G. pseudopneum, Romer Sch. Caule erecto l-3floro, glabro fus- cato tereto latere siilcato, fol, lin. lanceol. ob-^ tusis, internodis eq. flor. pedunc. Cal. trunc. sepalis ineq. linear, obt. Cor. tubul. subventric. cal. duplo longior, apice obt. 5fida, sinubns uni- dentatis. — In New England and Canada, flow^ ers blue, stem about pedal. This is even hard- ly a Pneiimotianthe, the sinusses not being en-- tire, and rather a Xolemia S. G. Cutlera. 442. Amarella Raf. Hippion Schmidt, cal. camp, sepalis 5 ineq. Cor. tubulosa, apice camp. 4-5fida eq. squamis 4-5barbatis alternis intus cor. Stam. 4-5iilif. antheris liberis. Ovar. linear, stigma bilamel. Vlant. annua, caule an- guL glabra. 2 Sob Genera, 1. Amarella the Gent, do L. and akin Sp. with 5 divisions. 2 Hippion, with 4 divisions, type the Exacum viscosum or Gent, viscosa of Authors, per-* haps distinct Genus if cal. 4phyle, in Amarella it has a campan. tube. The Gent, germanica with 4 or 5 Stamens connects them. I add here the blended Sp. that I possess in my Her-^ barium. 443. Amarella vulgaris Raf. Gent, amar, auct. Glabra, caule 4gono multifloro, fol, 3-5 nervis internodis subeq. inferis obovatis obtusis, medis ovatis acutis, summis ovatobl. acutis. fl, pedunc. ax. et term. Cal. sep. lanceol. tubo longior, Corolla ad cal. duplo longior. — Europe fl. blue, many varieties that are perhaps form- ing Sp. 1. A. Simplex, caule simplex semipe- dale, fol. omnibus obi. internodis brevior, cor. lac. latis acutis. — 2. A. brevifolia, caule pu- milo simplex sub 3floro, fol. omnib. deltoideis brevis, cor. gracilis, lac. angustis acuminatis — 3. A. ramosa, caule fuscato ramosis, fol. in- CENT. V. 21 feris amplis obovatis, cal. sepc ueltoideis re- volutis, corollis aciitis— 4. A. fastigiala. cru]e rubello ranioso fastigiato. 446. Amarella bremcauUs Raf. Glabra, caule 4gono multifl. brevis ad fl. eq. fol. imbri- catis ovatobl. acutis 3iiervis,fl. pedunc. magnis. cal. sepalis linearib. revolutis, cor. ad. cal. trip- le longior — Oregon, only 3 inches high includ- ing the flowers nearly half of tliat length, blue, peduncle and sepals equal to tube of calix, si- muses of cal. and cor. obtuse. 447. Amarella gracilis Raf. caule gracile 4gono multifl. fol. rcmotis lanceol. acutis 5ner- vis, fl. axill. pedunc. ad medio bracteis binis linearib. cor. gracilis parvis cal. duplo longior. capsulis cor, superans — Sibiria semipedal, leaves and fl. uncial, upper leaves nearly linear, fl. very slender, teeth acute narrow erect. 448. Amarella acuta R. Gent, do Mx. EI, Caule 4gono, fol. ampl. ovatobl. acutissimis, fl. fascic. cor. lac. lin. lane. — Mts of Carolina and Canada, fl. small greenish yellow? 449. Amarella rugosa Raf. caule 4gono, pumilo simplex, fol. amplectens oblong lane. ob-« tusis rugosis undulatis vix trinervis, fl. subsess. ax. et term. cal. lac. lin. obt. rugosis revolutis, corollis brevis calix vix superans.— Oregon, triuncial. 450. Aloitis Raf. differ ad Amarella. Cor. tubulosa clavata, 5dent. dentib. mucronatis, squamis nullis, Stam. 5 liberis, Ovar. stipitatum obi. stylo brevis, stig. 21amel. Annuls, fl.fas- ciculatis. — Type Gent. 5flora Li. and akin spe- cies, such as 451. Aloitis parviflora Raf. Gent, amarella Elliot non Auct. Caule ramoso brachiato 4alato flavescens, fol, remotis ovatobl. acutis 5-7nej> 22 FLOR. TELL. vis, fl. term, fascic. 3-lOfloris, ped. brevis, fl. ineq. Cal. sep. linearib. Cor. brevis cal. duplo longior, lac. acum. — In the Mts of Carolina, Tennessee and East Kentucky, 2-3feet, flowers bluish half size of A. 5flora. 452. Aloitis quinqueflora R. Gent. do. auct. Differs from the last chiefly by stem pe- dal, simple or branches erect, fl. in fascicles of 3 to 5, large uncial slender, 4 times the length of calix, leaves broader deltoid. Fig. bot. mag. 3496. 453. Aloitis anceps Raf. Gent, amarelloi- des Mx. caule simplex tereto biangulato, fol. intern, eq. ovatobl. 5nervis, pedunculis 1 floris 4gonis, ad apice subumbellatis, Cal. sepalis obi. acum. Cor. cal. duplo longior, lac. acumina- tis. — Kentucky, fl. large above one inch, blue but becoming yellowish in drying. 454. XoLEMiA Raf. (shut half) Cutlera Raf. 1807. Cal. tubul. camp. 5fido, sepalis foli- aceis, ineq. Cor. ventricosa sen fusiformis apice coarctata multident. 5 major dilatatis, alternis in sinubus dentatis. Stam. 5. filam. subulatis, antheris subcoalitis. Verennis^ fl. fascic, seu capitatis hracteatis. — Types the various Sp. blended or akin to Gent, saponaria and ochro- leuca, such as my X. clausa, acuminata, lati- folia, palustris, trachiloma, cateshei, striata^ rotundifolia, heterophyla, serpentaria, s/ior- tiana, Elliotea, axillaris, Collinsiana, obo- vata, enervis, fistulosa, longiflora, albiflora, ternifolia, rubella 8lc, described in my Mo- nographs med. flora 1828, and New Flora 1836. Every American botanist has blundered about these plants, since Linneus whose G. Sapona- ria was the catesbei and ochroleuca blended . . . The G. Xolemia chiefly diflfers from CENT. V. 23 Pneiimonantlie by the superadded alternate segments of Corolla. The true Xolemias Iiave the corolla ventricose nearly shut, the S. G. Cutlera has it more open and tubular, but the change is very gradual. 455. RicoiLA Renealm. cal. tubul. 5fido, cor. hypocraterif. lofida, lOlac. interjectis mi- nimis binis in sinubus. Stam. libera, stylo elong. stigma capitato orbic. scutellato concave. — Types R. or G. vertia, pumila, bavarica ^c. Here as in CiminaUs the Stigma is very differ- ent from the usual kind. 456. CmoPHiLA Raf (snow friend) differ, ad Ricoila, cor. tubo longo, limbo dentib. 5patu- lis eq. in sinubus nullis. stigma . . ? — Type Ch, nivalis. 457. GoNipiA Raf. (angles under) Chirvnia et Gentiana L. Centauriofi Ad. Erythrea, Neck. Rich. Pers. Cal. 5gonus^^ 5dent, tubulo- sus, cor. infund. basi tubul. apex 5fida, stam. li- bera, stylo unico, stigma capitato bilobo — Ge- nus easily known by the pentagonal calix : the names already given are objectionable being similar to Qentaurea and Erythrina ! the type is G. centaurium and akin sp. Persoon had 11 sp. to which 1 can add 8 other sp. of my herba- rium, 4 of each continent, all are annual. 458. Gonipia paucifoUa Raf. Caule humile 4gono, l-3floro, fol. paucis remotis parvis su- brot. obtusis, imis obi. cal, elongato, cor. eq. — Sicily, 3 to 4 inches, 3 or 4 pairs of minute leaves, limb of corolla small, one fourth of calix. 459. Gonipia sicula Raf. caule 4gono pe- dale gracile, apice alterne ramoso, fol. cunea- tis et lanceol. trinervis acutiusc. adpressis in- ternodis dimidio brevier, fl. laxis subternis, me- ''24 i'LOR. TELL. dia sessilis, bract, lin. cal. elongato cor. eq.-r-^- In Sicily over a foot high, leaves uncial, fl. rose as in nearly all. 460. Gonipia linearis Raf. caule humile ra- moso vix Igono, fol. linearib. uninervis, fl. fas- cicul. bract, lanceol. cal. 5fido dentib. elongatis lin. cor. eq. — North of Europe, blended with G. centaiiriuni by many botanists, 3 to 6 in- ches. 461. Gonipia rotundifolia R. Pumila, caule subtereto, fol, plerumque orbiculatis obtusis, fl. agregatis parvis, cal. elongato 5dent. cor. su- beq — North of Europe, also blended like the last : the real G. centaiirium has stem 4gone^ leaves ovate obi. acute, calix very short. 462. Gonipia pulcJiella Raf. Chironia do L. caule ramoso subtereto, sulcato, ramis l-2floris, fol. oblong, obtusis internodislongior, cal. Sfidis linear, tubo cor. equante — Florida, 3 to 6 in- ches, corollas large acute. Not the Exacum pulcJielum of Pursh which is a Sabatia, 463. Gonipia pumila Raf. caule pumild 4gono paucifl. ramis unifl. fol. paucis ovatis vel oblongis acutis internodis eq. cal. profundi 5fidis sepalis subulatis, subeq. ad tubo cor, gracilis, lac. lane, acutis — Florida, minute plant of 1 or 2 inches. 464. Gonipia hicolor Raf. caule sub dicho- tomo. sub 4gono multifl. fol. remotis ellipticis obtusis trinervis, fl. fascic. term, pedunc. 2-3fl, cal. 5dent. ad cor. tubo dimidio brevior, con obtusis, bract, lanceol. — On Lake Ontario, a beautiful sp, stem semipedal, fl. with yellow tube and rosate limb, leaves uncial, style exer- ted, stigma capitate as in most. 465. Gonipia tenuiflora Raf. caule dichot. 4gono gracile, fol. interned, eq. linearib. obt. fl. CENT. V. 25 Goryinbosis, raiiiulis 1 fl. pcdunc fl. eq. cal. tenuis siibul. tubo cor. brcvior, cor. filif. lac. su- biilatis, stam. et stylo oxscrtis — Louisiana and Texas, stem 4 to G inches. 406. PsALiNA Raf. diff. Gonlpia Cal. inflatus utriculosus, angulatus 5dent. cor. hypocraterif, 5fida. — Types Gent, iitrlculosa, exacoides. 467. TiiYLAciTis (nom. gr.) diff. Gonipia calix sub. 5part. subang. tubo camp, stylis 2, stigma 2. — Type Gentiana or Erythrea ma- ritima of Authors, blending 3 species. 468. Tkylacitis marltima R. caule dichot. tereto corymboso, fol. obi. lane. fl. pedunc. lu- teis — Sea shores of Europe. 469. Thylacltls comprcssa R. (var, Sch. Pers) caule dich. compresso, fol. lanceol. triner- vis — In Marocco. 470. Tkylacitis lepthia R. Gent, do Raf. precis 126. cauie pumilo uncialis tereto sub unifl. fol. ovato lane, acutis, cal. subul. — Sea shore of Tuscany and Sicily, disc. 1800 descr. 1814, fl. white, tube yellow. 471. Anthopogon Necker 1790. Eiihlephis Raf. 1814, Crossopetalon Beck 1833. cal 4 partit. ineq. cor. camp. 4fida vel 41oba, lobis ci- iiatis, stam 4 libera, stig. bilobo — The finest Genus of Gentians, perfectly distinct, types Gent, ciliafa, crlnita., barbata, detonsa^ and the following N. Sp. 472. Anthopogon virgatnm Raf. caule gracile sub 4gono, virgato apice nudo unifl. fol. remotis adpressis longo linearib. infimis cunea- tis obtusis, cal. sepalis lane. cor. fimbriata — Canada and Alleghany mts. very rare, stem 1 or 2 feet, flower blue very large two inches long. 473. Tretorhiza Renealm. cal. 4fid. ineq. 4 H6 FLOR. TELL. 2 alt. minor, cor. hypocr. tiibo longo, limbo piano 4fido, dentib. 4 alt. ad lacinis in sinubus. Stam. 4 liberis. — Type Geiit. criiciata and akin sp. 474. CicENDTA Ad. Cal. tubules. 4fidus, cor, 4fida hypocrat. barbata Stam. 4 libera, stigma bilamelatis. — Type Gerit. campestris and akin sp. tenella, glacialis, iSfC. 475. PoGOBLEPiiis Raf. Cal. 4part. sep. 2 alt. duplo longior, cor. tubulosa camp. 4fida, faux barbata ad squamis 5setis, stam. 4 libera — Ge- nus near the two last. Type the following sp. 476. PogohhpMs fmssKrica Raf. Gent, acuta Nuttal non alis, caule 4gono ramoso, fol. ampl. ovatis acutis trinervis, fl. axill. solit. longe ped. cor. lobis ovatis acutis — Upper Missouri, pedal, fl. greenish purple. 477. Narketis R. (nom. gr.) Gentiana \ Necker, non alis. cal. 5part. cor. rotata 5part. stam Sbrevis subul. liberis, faux squamosis — Types the Gent, or Swertia rotata of Authors G. carintJiiaca, sulcata ^c, besides the next sp. 478. Narketis rotata R. caule pumilo 4gono fol. remotis ovatis obt. cor. albis oblongis— Altaic mts of Sibiria, in my herb, blended with the next by Frolich, and the Swertia rotata of Thunberg is also a peculiar sp. Narketis ja- ponica. 479. Narketis hyperhorea R. caule gracile ramoso 4gono, fol. remotis obi. obt. fl. pedunc. cor. ceruleis ovatobl. acutis — N. W. America, at Kotzebue Sound, seen dry, stem 6 inches. 480. Lepinema R. (scaly thread) cal. et cor. ut Gonipia 457. difl. stam. squama nectarif. ad basis filam. stylus, stig. capit. capsula semibiloc. fl.verticilatis — Types the Gent, verticillata and CENr. V. 27 exaltata L. both of Antilles, with octoflora of India I 481. Lepinerna verticilata li. Gent, do L. Exacum do Vahl, Wild Pers. caule simpl. fol. lane, fl. sess. vertic. acutis luteis — Antillis et Florida. Many sp. of Exacum are yet obscure although the G. Mierocale has been removed from it. Ex. jiUforme is a Mierocale rather than dcendUu 482. Hetekoclita Raf. cal. incurvus 4dent. subul. cor. hypocrat. liinbo *2part. lac. bifidis, lobis 2 erectis, 2 deflexis, stam. 4 inequalis ! minor inclusa, stigma bilabiat. — A very dis- tinct G. wrongly united to Gentiana and Ex- acum, not even of same family, nearer to Cm- tuhea and probably both of family Acanthides, or Orobanchides, unless types of a new family. 483. HeterocUta dichotoma R. Gent, heter. L. Exacum heter. W. P. caule dichot. 4gono, fol. ovatis, summis linearib. fl. purp. solit. ad dichotomia — Malabar. Before concluding the Linnean Gentians, and beginning his Chiro- nias, I shall give some interesting sp. of the above Genera. 484. Diploma liudsonica Raf. Gent, pneu- rnonantiie Mx. non alis. fol. lin. lane. fl. majusc. term, et axil. lacinis 5 rotundatis, 5 alt. plicatis unidentatis — Hudson bay and mts of Canada, very different from the others, not even a Pneu- monanthe, having 10 teeth or parts to corolla. 485. Diploma tenuifolia Raf. caule. fllif. flexuoso unifl. fol. remotis angusto linear : flos magnus albus, cal. sinub. truncat. sepalis linear, cor. lac. alt. laceris. — Florida, beautiful sp. seen in the herh, of Torrey, very distinct from D. angustifolia, with many blue flowers. Only semipedal. 2S FLOR. TEI,L. 486. Dasistepha cespitosa Raf. Gent, glau- ca ? Pallas. Parvula glabra, fol. radic. cespito- sis, caulinis binis, ovato subrot. obtusis, fl. fas- cicul. cal. iirceolaris 5dent. obt. sinub. obt. — N. W. America, Kotzebuc sound, plant only 3 inches, and fiovvers one inch, tubular, blue. 487. Vneumonanthe vulgaris Raf. Gent. Pneum, of L. and many European bot. not of Am. bot — caule tereto paucifl. fol. internodis longior cuneatis seu obi. lingulatis obt. summis sublanceol, fl. subped. cor. cal. triplice longior, cal. sepalis lin. obt. — Europe, stem, pedal, fl. biuncial. 488. Pneumonanthe minor Raf. caule su- bangul- l-2fl. fol. lin. obi. obt. rugosis revolutis, internodis eq. fl. ped. cal. sep. obi. obt. cor. tri- ple longior — Europe, deemed a var. probably of last; but very distinct, stem 4 to 6 inches, usualy one flower over one inch long, a var. is biflore — None of these two are found in N. America unless perhaps north of Canada, all the American sp. akin are different, such as P. media 441, P. rigida, gracilis, torreyana of my monograph of 1828. 489. Xolemia tracJiiloma Raf, caule sea- briusc. rubescens, fol obt. et sublanc. subt. glaucis, margine et nervo scabris, fl. term. 2-5, cal. sepalis ovatobl. cor. subclausa ad cal. duplo longior, sinubus ineq. trifidis — New Jersey, near waters, autumnal like most of the American sp, of this G. fl. pretty blue. Some varieties, 1. biflora, minor 2fl. fol. obi. lin. cal. sepalis subo- vatis. 2 major, fl. 2-3 purpuro cerul. cal. sepa- lis lanceol, N. Carolina, called Gent, loomesi in Herbal of Torrey. 490. CiiiRONiA L. This Linnean G. was nearly as loosely framed as Genfiana, and chi e- CFNT. V. 29 fly differed from it by tlie declinutc atyle, and twisted anthers, all the other characters being often common to Gentlana ; but it had from 4 to 1*2 stamens and parts to the corolla : when above 5, this character blended with Chlora. Adanson ascribed 4 stigmas to Qhlora and only one to his Sahbatia formed by the CliL dodecandra of L, wliich is not true. Piirsh transfered the Sabbatia to the American Chi- ronias, without giving any definite peculiar character to it, and Sir J. Smith would not ad- mit therefore of this Genus. The whole is yet in utter confusion, there is a crowd of fine N. sp. from N. America, forming two distinct Genera at least. The African Chironias offer also several anomalies and may form various Genera: even Chlora must be divided, and I shall try to fix their true essential characters. The fruit is as in Gentlana except in Roesli- nia. 491. Chironia Raf. cal. camp. 5part. equa- lis? cor. hypocrat. limbo Sfido, stam. 5, anthe- ris spiralis, stylo declinato, stig. capitato bilobo. caps, uniloc. bivalvis.— Type the South African sp. but they all require to be verified, as the 4 next Genera prove. 492. Chondropis Raf. (membr. keel.) diff. 491 cal. ineq. sepalis membranaceis carinatis, stylo erecto &-c. — Type Ch. trinervis R. Chi- ronia do L, Pers. JExacum do alis auct. Fol. lane. acum. 3nerv. fl. ped. opp. coruleis. — In Ceylon and South Arica, perhaps 2 sp. blended. Ch. 4go?ia is another sp. of this Genus, 493. EupoDiA Raf (well pedunc) diff. 491. cal. tubulosus Sfidus Snervis, stylo apex flexo — Type E. purpurea Raf. Ch. peduncularis bot. 30 TLOR. TELL. reg. 1803. frutic. fol. ovato lane. acum. 3-5ve- nis, ped. 1 fl. longissimis, cal. tubo cor. brevior. — S, Africa ? large purple flowers, corolla stel- late, segments ovate acuminate. 494. Onefera Raf. (Rapunt. nem. antic) Rapuntium Breyn. diff*. 491. cal. camp, subin- tegro semi-bilobus—Type O. coccinea Raf. Ckironia linoldes L. fol, lin. crassis, fl. ped. coccineis — S. Africa. 495. RoESLiNiA Mench. diff*. 491. corolla subrotata, stigma peltatum, bacca unilocul, vel caps, carnosa — very good Genus 2 types 1 . R. Agona M. Q)liironia hocclfera L. 2 R. frutes- cens. 496. Sabbatia Raf. cal. ineq. 5part, tubo camp, corolla 5fida rotata, antheris involutis, style declin. stigma 2 linearis contortis, caps. 2 vulv. uniloc. — Types the American sp. which are very numerous, see Elliot and my N. Sp. in my monograph, S. ohtusif, lanceol. cymosa., llntrulata, petiolata, amena, umbellata, pumi- la, nivea, stricta, tenui/olia, diffusa, hetero- phyla, anceps, &c. 497. Pleienta Raf. (more added) Sabbatia Ad. non. alis. difl*. 496, cal. 7-12part. stam. 7-12 stylo sepe recto «fec. — Although this Gr. chiefly depends on extra numbers, it is a very natural one, prolific also of Amer. sp. It chiefly diflers from Chlora by the unequal calix. Type the Chi. dodecandra L. which included 12 blend- ed sp. see my monograph and N. Sp. PI. leu- cantha, rigida, fiexuosa, fasciculala, capi- tata, &LC I add here this last. 498. Pleienta capitata Raf. caule rigido te- reto bisulcato, fol. remotis obi. lanceol. acutis uninervis, inferis ellipt. fl. term, capit. involucr. sub 8 andris, cal. lanceol. cor. brevior, lac. cor. CENT. V. 31 spatul. obt. — Unaka and Cherokis mts. very dis- tinct sp, next to PL gentianoides, leaves un- cial, fl. white or incarnate in sessile heads of 3 to 5, involucre of 4 leaves. 499. Pluri3Iaria Raf. CJilora L. auct. cal. equalis rotatus 8-lOpart. cor. rotata 8-lOpart. stam. 8-10 non spiralis, stylo unico, stigrn. 2 bifidis. — Types the Chi. perfoliata, mascari' ensis and qtiadrifoUa ? but Cld, sessilis W. or Gent, do L. is a sp. of my G. JSarketis hav- ing a rotate 4fid corolla, or a N. G. if it has 8 stamens at the same time. All have yellow flowers. 500. DisiNSTYLis Raf. (2 un. st.) diff. 499, cal. camp. Gfidis, cor. rotata Gfida, stam. 6. stylis 2 coalitis, stigma 2 obtusis — Type D. italica Raf. Chlora imperfol. L. fol. sess. ova- is oppositis. Very distinct Genus. Thus all theChloras were of different Genera! I chang- ed the name because too similar to CJdoris and Chloranthus. After such an evidence of indispensable re- form in 3 Genera of old in this Centuria alone, it will appear that those Genera Polygonum, Gentiana and Chironia were without any real peculiar characters, the species merely held to- gether by no one knows what, except a kind of fascies or appearance. The Gentians now very numerous, amounting perhaps to 150 spe- cies, may be all reduced to the reformed genera, by a little care, and I may even do it hereafter. But there are several anomalous species types of subgenera. The G. pratensis probably a Narketis has a very unequal calix. The G. au- riculata has also a similar calix with 2 sepals cordate ; it has 4 or 5 parts to the campanulate corolla, and 4 or 5 stamens. Is it a Genus? Dicardlotis Raf near Pogohlephis. 32 FLOR. TELL- CENTURIA VI. 501. LINIDIA Raf, 1815. Cal. persistent 3 5partitus,Petalis 3-5isarinis, stam. hypog. de- finita basi sepe coalitis. stylis 1-5, stigma 3-5, ' capsula multicoca multiloc. multiv. loculis val- vatis monospermis — These characters of my new nat. family of 1815 ought to have been the characters of the G. Linum of L, instead of the false ones usually given. This family is in- termediate between Alsinidia and Tainarixia, It contains the G. Litium, Rndiola, Schejlera, Cometes, Gloc7iidio?i, and my Numisaureum, Meiapinon, Mesynium. 502. NuMisAUREUM (gold coin) cal. Spart. petalis 5, stam. 5. stylis 3-41ongis, stig. capit. capsula depressa 6-81oc. nonpartibilis evalvis^ Frutic. foL alt* fl. auratis — Indian Genus, 3 types N. repens, petiolatum, acuminatum^ 503. Numisaureum petiolatum Raf. Li- num trigynum Sm. ex, hot. t. 17 Lod, 1193, Curtis 1100, Ramis teretis erectis, fol, petiol, ellipt. acutis serratis- fl. corymb, petalis flabell- atis, stylis 3. — A fine shrub of the mts of Ceylon and India, called Gul asliafi or the flower of golden coin, whence my generic name. 504. Nutnisaureum aciim,inatum, Raf. Lin um 4gynum Colebrook, Fol. ellipt. obi. acum. serrat. brevi petiol. fl. capit. corymb, sepalis ovat. acum. stylis 4 — Shrub of Nipal. 505. Meiapinon (least flax) Raf. Cal. 3part# CENT. VI. 33 petalis 3, stam. 3 liberis, stylis 3, caps. 31oc. 3sp. 3valv. Herha. fol. opp. — Very near to Mollugo, but really a Liiiidia by monosperm cells, and nearer Radiola. 50G. Meiaphion saginoidcs Raf. Glabra, erecta, ramosa, fol. lin. obi. acutis, fl. axill. ped. — In Florida, small plant one or two inches high, flowers white. 507. Mesynium R. (middle un.) diff. ad Linum, stylo unico, stigma 5 capitatis, vel sty- lis 5 plus minusve coalitis, in stylo 5fido, caps, mucronatis 5valvis Slocularis Ssperma. — Types M. africanum or Luium monogynum^ M. mexlcantim, texense and chilense (L. ma- crei Lindl.) Lindley indicated this G. although he says that in some sp. with yellow fl. the sty- les are slightly united at the base, such are L. ethiopicutn, virghiicutn, rigidum, mysorense : but they have capsule lOloc as Linum, 508. Mesynium texense Raf. Linum heren- deri Hook. b. mag. 3486. Herbac. multicaule angul. fol. alt. lin. rigidis glabris mucronatis, fl. racem. flavis, sepalis lane. acum. serrul. petalis basi villosis — Texas, quite monostyle, caps, glo- bose acute. 509. 3Iesynium tnexicanum Raf. Linum do. Kunth, DC. bot. reg. 182G. Herb, paniculat. glabr. fol. inferis oppos. ovatis, sepalis ovatis. — Mexico, style 5iid at top. capsule mucronate. 510. MOLLUGIDIA a new small family of mine, only differing from Linidia by cells or capsule polysperm, valves septifer, seeds cen- tral, and petals often lacking. Types Rotcda, Clierleria, Bergia, Moltugo, Nemallosis, Lampetia, Hermannia, MaJiernia, Pharnace- um they had been referred by me formerly to Al- sinidia, but this branch of the old Caryophyles 34 FLOR. TELL. have all unilocular capsules. Sagina belongs to Alsinidia as Sjnitli proved that the caps, is uni- loc. and not 41ocular. Leaves opposite or ver- ticillate as in Linidia and Alsinidia. Herman- nia belongs here, but has united stamens, like Linum. Mahernia also and united styles like Mesynium, are they a N. Fani ? 511. Nemallosis Raf. (fil. variable) cal. 5 part, pctalis 5 linearis emarg. stam. 10, fertilia 5, sterilia 5 alt. stylis 3, caps. 31oc. polysperma. Caule artic. Jl. vertic. J?, nonnulis 3 anclris apetalis. — Types the two following plants with habit of Molhigo verticHlata. 512. Nemallosis prostrata ^af. Pharnace- um molhigo L. auct. Burm. t. 5. caule depresso tereto, fol. 4-5ineq. ellipt. fl. vertic. pedunc. — India, fl. whitish. 513. Nemallosis erectaHai'. Pharn. mollugo L. Alsine Burm. zeyl. t. 7. &c, Caule erecto, fol. 5 lanceol. fl. vertic — Ceylon, larger white flowers. See Sir J, Smith for remarks on these plants, which he states had been called Mollu- go spergula once by L. when showing only 3 stamens. 514. Lampetia Raf. (Nympha) cal. 4fidus, petalis nullis, stam. 4, stylis 4, caps 41oc. polysp. acatilis, fl. panic — Very near to Vharnaccum, habit peculiar, but many sp. of that Genus have various forms and must be examined again. Habit of Dionea and Drosera. 515. Lampetia nudicaulis R. Mollugo do Smith, Burm. t. 8. fol. radic. obovatis. scapis dichotomis paniculatis — Ceylon and Africa, perhaps two sp. blended also. 516. ALSINIDIA. This family of Adanson was Caryophyles of Jussieu, who united there- to the Spergulides Ad. and many heterogenous CENT. VI. 35 plants, without common characters. They can be distinguished easily thus. — Alsinides, cap- sule unilocular polysperm, seeds central, calix parted. Such as Alsine, Stellaria, Arenaria, Vagina, 3lienc7iia, Biiffonia, Holosteutn, Polycarpon, Cerastliim., Spergnla, Ireslne, Velezia, FranJcenia, Telcplilum, Cosmia Isgarum. 517. DIANTHIDIA or Phorandria 1815 Raf. The Dianthides or Caryophyles (bad name meaning clove Q cal. tubulos. petals 5 unguic. 10 stam. 5 ad ung. pet. inserta, caps. l-51oc. sem. centrahs. fol. oj^p. jl. pad. — These are the real akin to Dlaiithus, Sllene, Lychnis^ Agrostema, Cucuhaliis Slc which all require generic reforms as yet. 518. DIONIDIA Raf. 1815. This new family differs chiefly from Alsinidia by a single style and stigma: the habit is often peculiar. — Types Dtonea,Ortegia, Loeflingia, Adoketon Hagea, Lahayea. &c. 519. AMARANTHIDIA. This family must be confined to the G. with free stamens, seve- ral stigmas, and yet with capsule monosperm, as Amaranthus, Difneianthus, Queria, Any- chia, Digera, Xeraiidra, Paronychia, Her- niaria, T>rypis,Corigiola ^c, these 3 last have petals and form sub families. 520. ACHYRANTHIDIA. This small group differs by a single stigma and seed, sta- mens united. Types Acliyranthes, llleeebrum Gymnocarpon, Lophauthus Forst. All these nat. families are gradually connected in flowers and habit. All the Genera with monadelphous stamens, ought to be of same order : yet we see this tendency in Linidia likewise and Mollu- gidia. See 534. 36 FLOR. TELL. 521. SCLERANTHIDIA Raf. another small family near to Ltnidia but diff. by sta- mens free and double diplarine, rather perigyne, fruit commonly dicocus — Types Scleratithus, Galenia, Floerkca, Cabomba or Neetris which is not monocotyle, as stated by a mistake of Jussieu, since the leaves are opposite as in Ga- leuia, but JFloerJciahas alt, divided leaves. Ga- lenia has affinities with Hamamelis, Florkea with Limnantlies, 522. DROSERIDl— 1815. Fine family near Alsinidia, only (W&^erence valves seminife- rous^ Habit peculiar but variable, often like Dionea, scapigerous. — Type Drosera and the divided Genemofit^Aldrovanda, Parnassia, &c. — Roridula differs from it as Dionea from Alsinides by a single style and stigma: it is probably the type of another family RORIDIA. Turnera differs only by the perigyne petals and stamens. 523. RoRELLA Raf 1815 ad Drosera diff. stam. 10, stylis 5. — Type R. Insitanica Raf. Drosera do L. Arenaria do nonnulis auct. Fol. radic. subul. scapo flor. umbellatis. 524. DisMOPHYLA Raf (binate leaf) ad Dro- sera diff. cal. 4-5part. pet. 4-5. stam. 4-5, ovar glab. 4-51obo, stylis 4-5multifidis fol. rad. di- visis, jl. corymb. — Type the next sp. but pro- bably Dr. pedata and others of Australia be- long here. 525. Dismophyla binata Raf. Drosera do DC. Br. Labil. 105 hot. mag. 3082. fol. longe petioL bipartitis linearib, glandulosis, scapo glabro, fl. paucis ochroleucis. Australia. 326. Drosera L. auct. This G. requires to- tal revision offering many forms, which I now indicate as mere Sub Genera ; but are perhap3 CENT. VI. 37 Genera 1. RossoUs cal. 5p. cq. pet. 5. cq. stain. 5 eq. sty lis 5. caps. 5valv, Type Dr. aeaulis, rotundifolla, ^c. 527. Adenopa Raf. (pcd. gland.) cal. 5p. ineq. pctalisS subeq. niarccscens,staiH. 5. iiieq. filam. planis subul. niembianaceis, antheris obi. biloc. stylis 3-4bili(lis, caps, oblongis, valvis 3-4 — Types Dr. angUca and nearly all tbe N. Amcr. species, see new flora. 528. Filicirna Raf. (tbread rolled) cal. 5p. ineq. 1. obov. major, petalis 5 eq. venosis, stam. 5 eq. fil. filif. antli. bilobis, stylis 3-4basi coalitis bipartitis caps. obi. 3valvis, fol. sine lami?ia, Jl. racem. bract, seeiindis, 7'oseis. Three types disc, by myself in New Jersey in 1802, leaves reduced to mere petiols circinated or rolled when young, with stipules, cotyledons 2 elliptic obtuse. AH annual vernal. 529. Filicirna, s. J}rosera filiformis Peti- olis filif. supra piliferis, stipulis laceris, bracteis subul. pedic. longior, petalis obov. stylis 3. — This is my original sp. Pine barrens of N. Jer- sey, scapes 8-15 inches. 530. Yilicirna s. T>roscra lemiifolia. W. Rom. Big. bot. mag. 35 10 as filifoi-mis. Petio- lis filif. supra conaliculutis piliferis, basi lanatis, stipulis subul. deltoideis glaliris integris. bract, brevis, petalis obov. concavis, stylis 4 — N. Jers. Long Id. and N. England. 531. Filicirna s. Drosera leionema Raf. Petiolis filif undique glabris, apico vix piliferis stipulis laceris, racemis pauciHoris, bract, su- bul. ped. eq. Petalis cuneatis stylis 3 — South New Jersey, fl. rose white, scape 6-0inches. Probably all sprung from each other. 532. TAMARIXIA 1815, This small fam- ily chiefly differs from Droseridia by stamens 38 FLOR. TELL. more or less united at the base, and rather pe- rigyne — Peculiar habit Hke Cistus — Type Ta- marix, Eiudlph'x^ Rokejeka and perhaps Turnera. 533. EuDiPLEX Raf. ad Tainarix diff. cal. pet. 4-5, stasn, 8-10 — Type Tarn, germanica, casptca, songarensis, the real Tamarix is is- arine with 5 stamens and petals. 534. GOMPHRENIDIA. Another small family that differs from Amaranthides by sta- mens monadelphoos — Types Gomphrena, Bra- gantia, Alternanthera, Belutta, Aerua, Wal- tlieria &c, with many new G. The whole tribe of Amaranthides and akin are known to be in utter confusion, the sp. having been refered by mere habit, the whole requires revision. The Bragantia of Vandelli was the GompJir. ar- horescens. The Caraxeron of Vaillantis pro- bably a good G. it was both Gomphrena and niecehrum Vermicular is L. — The Alternan- thera Forsk. was the Gomphr, or lllec^ sessile L. the Coluppa of Adanson. The family A- chyranthidia 520 is only a subfamily of this, the united stamens being more important than the stigmas, when there is only one seed. 535. Caraxeron Vaillant. Philoxerus R. Br. Sm. Cal. 5part. cone, stam. 5 basi coalitis, stig. 2. capsula evalve — Type C. vermicidaris and hrasiliense (Gomphrena and Illeccebrum, L conicus, diffusus (Philoxerus R. Br.) these two australian sp. form perhaps a subgenus. The real Gomphrena have only one capitate stigma says Smith ; but the 6renus appears to have been formed on the capitate flowers and mere habit ! all those with a single style are lllecehruni of L. but the /. nerticillatum forms the Genus Paronychia T. Juss. Ad. with free CENT. VI. 30 Stamens and a bifid style, of fam. Amarantlii- dia. 53G. Bklutta. R. (nom. ind) cal. 5part. cal- icul. sq. 1-3. stam. 5 ad basi tubo monadelpho, stylo 1, stig, 2. caps, circumsc. monosperma, sem. lenticularis. Fol. alt. capitul'is axillaris. Two types united in Cclosla nodijlora by L. and Authors, but of a diflcrent family by one seed only, therefore of Go}Nphrenldes. 537. lielutfa sessllls Raf. Celosia nodifl. L. auct. Fol. subrot. obov. mucronatis, capitulis sessilibus. — Malabar and Ceylon, Burm. zeyl. t. 5. f. 2. 538. Belutta peduncularis Raf. Cel. nodi- r^J'Tu-^r^ c^ fl. var. auct. Fol. oblongis vel cuneatis undula- ^ tis acutiusculis, capitulis peduncularis — In Su- /^^^i-^^wTv. matra Slc. 539. Cadelaria Ad. Achyranthes L. cal. 5 part, reflexis, caliculus 2, stam. 5 liberis ciliatis stylo 1, stigma bilobo, utriculus monosp. Frut, fol. opj)osttiSj fl. spicatis. The types are the 3 following sp all blended as Achyranthes as- pera by L. all the other Achyranthes require revision; of family Amaranthides. 540. Cadelaria indica Raf. Fol. cuneatis acum. subt. toment. argenteis — In India, often figured by Burman, Rumphius &c, perhaps two sp. blended as yet. 541. Cadelaria sicula Raf. Fol. lanceol. - acutis scabris subtus sericeis,.spicis adpressis — In Sicily and Barbary, figured by Bocc. Sic. t. 9, but the Sp. from Jamaica appears different. 542. Cadelaria punctata Raf, Fol. obovatis acuminatis glabris subtus punctatis glabris — Arabia. The Achyr. panicidata of Forskal with free stamens broad at base, is probably also of this Genus. It will be hard to say 40 FLOR. TELL. which are the true types of the real Achyran- thes ! see tlie next Genera, A. dicfiotoma and corijiiibosa are Anijclda. Ac. altissima with scandcnt stem must be a peculiar 6sfenus. 543. CoDivALiA Raf. Pupal Ad. cal. 5part. 2ciliatis hamatis seu echinatis, caliculus 2, stam. 5 basi coalitis, stylo, stig. sem. unicum Fruct, Fol. ojipos. jl. spicatis^ glomeratis — Types AcliJjr. lajjpcicea, patiila., L. &.c. 544. Uretia Raf. Ouret Ad. cal. 5fidus, caliculus 1, stam. 10 basi coal. 5 sterilis, 1 styl. 2 stigma, sem. 1. Merba, fol. alt. fl. capitatis. — Type Acliyranthes alter uif alia L. and pro- bably several others. ' ' 545. KoKERA Ad. cal. Gpart. concavis, stam. 5 liberis styl. 1. stig. 2, caps, circums. 1 sper- ma. Fol. alt. glomeridis panic. — I am unable to indicate the type of this G. of Adanson, as he quotes no figure, it is probably found among the Achyranthes, although the fruit is like A- marantliiis. Family Amaranthides. 546. EcLOTORiPA Raf. (Nom. Egypt. Amar- anth) cal. squarrosus, 5part. ineq. 3 internis pe- taloideis major patens, stam. coalita in corpus calloso 3dent. antheris 3 internis, stigma . . . sem. unicum. Fol. alt. jl. spicatis — another peculiar Genus blended in Achyranthes muri- cata of Egypt, at least 2 species. 547. Eclotoripa fruticosa Raf. caule fru- tic. fol. petiol. ovatis, spicis pedunc. axill. elon- gatis, ped. 5gonis. — Egypt ^^c. 548. Eclotoripa annua Raf. caule annuo ramoso patulo, fol. petiol. ciliatis, subcordatis, ped. ut supra — Arabia and Mollucas. 549. Steiremis Raf. (sterile half) Cal. du- plex, ext. 3part. internus 5part. ineq. stam. 10 CENT. VI. 41 monadelphis 5 alt. sterilis, stylo brevis, stig. 1. obtus. glanduloso, utriculo monosp. sem. lentic. Fol. opp. fl. capit — New American Genus near Uretia and l>/«-c/*«, of real subfam. Achy- ranthidia by unic stigma. Three types, 550. Stcb'cmis repcns Raf. Achyr, do Elliot. Gomphrena et lUccebr. polygonoides L. auct. Achyr. Lam. non Retz ncc Vitm. quid et Di- gera araensls Forsk. Repens hirta, fol. pet. lane. cai)itulis sessilibus ovatis — Carolina, Geor- gia and Antilles, the Antillian plant is perhaps different by stem dichotome, broader leaves and globular heads, St. glohosa Raf. 551. Steire mis Jico Idea Raf. Achyr. do El- liot, Illecebrum do L. auct. Repens, glabra, fol. petiol. lato lanceol. capit. globosis sessilis pubescens — Carol. Florida, Antillis ^c. 552. Steiremis sessilifoUa Raf Repens ra- dicans glabra, fol, sessilib. obov. et subrot. acu- tis, capit. glabosis sessilis — In Spain and Africa, blended with the last by all Authors, probably several other sp. near these in both continents. 553. Phyllepidu3i Raf. 1814 sp. sc. cum. ic. cal. duplex, utrinque 5part. internis emarg. stam. 5 liberis filif stylis 2. filif. utriculus mo- nosp. Fol. alt. sess. fl. spic. bract — Of family Amaranthidla New G. of mine disc. 1804, the habit is peculiar, leaves scaly like, the internal calix has emarginate divisions, both are persis- tent as usual in the whole tube. 554. Phifllepidum squamosum^af. ut supra, Desvaux J^c, caule erecto ramoso, fol squamul. semiamplex. ovatis acuminatis, spica densa o- blonga, bract, subul — In Maryland, sandy Pine woods, rare, flowers uncolored, stem G to 8 inches, 555. DiMEiANTHUs Raf, (2 less in fl ) BUton 6 ^'i FLOR. TELL. A(l. Differ, ad Amaranthus cal. 3part. stam. 3 — Types all. the triandrou5 Amaranthus that ought never to have been united with the pen- tandrous, half the Genus belongs here. It is said that A. oleraceus appears to unite both,, having 3 or 5 stamens, if so it is XWieQononcus a dimorphous sp. that ought to be a peculiar Genus, Pentrius Raf. 556. EuxoLus Raf. (well shut) diff. ad Di- meianthus, fructus utriculus ovatus indehiscens sem. ovata non lenticulata cal. longior — Type E. deflexus, or Amar. do L. 557. Amblogyna Raf. (obt. fern, fl.) diff, ad Dimeianthns fl femineis infundibulif. Sfidis, lac. obi. — Type Ambl. or Amar. polygonoi- des L. 558. Amaranthus L. Bajan Ad. as A. san- guineus appears the type of this Genus, it must with the pentandrous sp. retain this name. Adanson's Amaranthus was Qelosia L. 559. CELOSIDIA Raf. 1814. This family differs from Alsinidia just like the Gomphreni- des from the Amaranthides by having united stamens. It differs from Gomphrenides by sev- eral central seeds in the capsule. The habit is nearer Amaranthides, leaves commonly al- ternate^— Types Qelosia^ Lophoxera, Snkana^ Hyparete, but Cedrela does not belong to it, nor Coilosperma^ nor Belutta, 560. LopHOXERA Raf. (crest dry) ad Celo- sia diff. stam. vix. coalitis, stylo trifido stig. 3, caps. 3sperma et 6sp. — Types Loph. comosa, paniculata, caudata, polygonoides, and race- mosa (Cel. 3gyna L.) all Celosias. The true Celosias have one style, 2 stigmas, 2 ar 4 seeds. 1'he Cel. lanata is now Aerua tomentosa. 561. SuKANA Ad. Diff. Celosia, stam, 5 sine CENT. VI. 43 filain. sterilis interjectis, cal. vix caliculatis — Type the Amarantlius of Barr. t. 193 says Adanson, Celosia has properly 10 stain. 5 alt, steriU^, and cal. with 2 or 3 calicules. 562. Xekandra Raf. neog. 1825, ad Iresine diff. cal. duplex ext. 3part. int. 5 part. stam. 5 gland ulis globosis, alternis. fl. fern, extus corno- sa, stylis 2, sem. glabrum unicum inutriculo. — Type X celosioides, and elatior, both Iresine do auct. but this G. belongs to Amaranthides while Iresine belongs to Alsinides by polysperm capsule. 563. Iresine L. auct. Dioica cal. 5part. bi- calicul. stam. 5, squamulis alt. stig. 2 sess. utri- culo polysp. sem. tomentosa — the stamens are slightly united at the base, this G. might be re- duced to Celosides. 564. CoiLosPERMA Raf. (hollow seed) cal. du plex, ext. 2part. int. 5part. concav. stam. 5 li- beris basi dilatatis, stylis 3, bacca 3sperma, sem. concavis, lucidis — A very distinct Genus from Celosia by free stamens, berry and seeds, whereby it belongs even to a different family Empetridia, see 633, but the habit is some- what like Celosides. The type is C. cordata Raf. the Celosia baccatal Retz. W. P. fol. cord. acum. racemis laxis. India. 565. Deeringia Br. cal. duplex ext. 3part. int, 5part. stam. 5 basi coalitis, stylus trifidus, bacca triloba polysperma uniloc. sem. centralis — This G. was wrongly deemed the Celosia baccata by Brown; it is not even of same fami- ly, being a real Celosidia. Type D. celosioi- des Hooker b. m. 2717. fol. petiol. ovatis acum, spicis gracilis, fl. remotis viridlis — Australia. 566. Hyparete Raf. (Nympha) cal. urceo- latus 5dentatus stam. 5 basi coal, stylis 3, caps. 44 FLOR. TELL. 3valvis monoloc. polysperma. Fol. alt. — A very distinct G. blended with Cf?/osia, that has acir- cums. caps, or pyxidium, yet of same family. Type H. glauca Raf. Celosia do. Wendland, Persoon, fol. lin. lanceol. carnosis canis — South Africa. 567. LiTiiopiiiLA Svv. Sm, cal. duplex, ext. 3 part. int. 5part. ineq. 3 petaloideis, 2 squamosis, stamj 2 lib. stylo 1, stig. capit. emarg. capsula 21ocul ? 2sperma ? Fol. oppositis — Of family Scleranthidia ? altho' near Ortegia and Loe- flingia fruit not well known, on which will de- pend the main affinities. 568. Lithophila muscoides Sw. Sm. pumila, fol. lin. obt. canaliculatis, fl. congestis. minute plant of I. Navaza in Antilles. 569. ATRIPLEXTA. This natural family will be much reduced by separating the ano- malous G. with berries or more than one seed : being thus reduced to those with a single seed akene or utricule, altho' with several stigmas, the Genera therein placed hardly differ from Polygonides, and might as well be united, the habit in those last of articulate stem and vagi- nate leaves being the chief difference! while Urticides differs by single stigma or hypogyne stamens. Uniting therefore Atriplexia and Polygonidia we may divide them into 6 more evident subfamilies, distinguished by the fruit and proportions of stamens. Salisbury detected the mistake of Jussieu who deemed them pe- rigyne, while they are properly hypogyne. 570. PoLYCNEMiDES. utriculus monospermus, — G. Polycnemum, Camphorosma, Petiveria, Chenolea, Kochia. 571. Basellides. Calixbaccatus — G. Basella CENT. VI. 45 Anabasis,Coccoloba, Calacinum, Naucorephes? see 105. Calostima '( 589. 572. Salsolides. Akena, cal. isarine — G. Salsola, Chenopodium, Spinacia, Beta, Atri- plex, Crucita,Acenicla, Dondia,Isgaruni,Axyris, Sovara, Tracaulon, Rumex, Oxyria, Triplaris, Koenigia, and all the pentandrous G. of Poly- gonum, 573. PoLYGONiDES. Akcna, cal. meiarino ; more stamens than parts— G. Polygonum and reformed Genera, Atraphaxis, Rheum, Calli- gonum, Pallasia, Anredera, Vibones, Meno- phyla, &/C, 574. Blitides. Akena, cal. pleiarino ; less stamens than parts — Blitum, Ceratocarpus, Sa- licornia, Cnopos, Sclerosperma, Ofaiston &c. 575. CoRisPERMiDES. Akcua nuda, not co- vered by the calix as in 572, 573, 574. — Coris- permum and akin. 576. Menopiiyla Raf. (moon, leaf) monoi- ca, cal. duplex, ext. Sfidus, int. minor petaloid. stam. 12 antheris bifidis. fem. stylis 3 reflexis stig. plumosis, cal. in fructo ampliato, JFrutex, fl. panic — Types M, lunarla. Rumex do L. auct. 2. R. pobjgamus Cav. t. 22. has granular calix and 6 sterile stamens, 577. Vibones Raf. (Rumex hit.) diff. Ru- mex, Dioicus, fl. masc. 3part. stam. 9-12 anthe- ris bifidis — Type V. auratus Raf. caule angul. fol. ovato lanceol. subcrcnatis, nervis pilosis, cal. lin. canaliculatis. Alps of Switzerland. 578. NiBO Mench diff. Rumex, Dioicus, fl. masc cal. Opart, equalis, 3 internis, fl. fem. cal. cupularis 3fidus spinosus reflexus punciatus — Type Rumex spinosus L. 579. Rhodoptera Raf. (rosate wing) diff*. Rumex, cal. ineq. internus valvis membrana- 4C FLOR. TELI„ cois, una major alefoimis. — T; pe R, roseus L. 580. Emi:x Nccker, diff. Rumex, stam. 12, fructiis uncinaturn. — Type ^umex acutus L. 581. Analiton Raf. difT. Rumex, Dioicus, cal. 3part. eq. subrot. internis nullis. fl. fern, cal. 3part. cordatis sine granulis. fol. hlpinn- atis — Type II. bipinnatus of Marocco, habit very different from Rumex. stam. 6, not 9 as in Vibones. 582. Rumex L. auct. This G. was hke Po- lygonum in great disorder, with many anoma- Hes. The old G. Lapathum and Acetosa of Tourn. deserve to be subg. at least. R, digy- fius is become Oxyria reniformis quite lately. I think the 6 foregoing Genera are quite dis- tinct, and the following subgenera ought to be admitted besides. 1. Patientia hermaphr. cal. granulato — 2. Rumex herm, cal. non gra- nul. — 3. Tomaris herm. cal. laciniato — 4 Atecosa dioicis, cal. granul. — 5 AcetoseUa di- oicis, cal. non granul. 6 Eutralia Raf. dioic. cal. very unequal, ext. subulato, int. large orbi- cular, type R. luxurians, this might even be a Genus perhaps. 583. IsGARUM Raf. (Salsola) cal. 5part. stam. 5 stylo bifido, stig. 2 capsula biloba uniloc. dis- perma. Fol. oppositis — Type /. didymum Sal- sola do liOur. Sm. caule decumb. fol. obi. eras- sis, fl. axill. sessiles. East Africa. By the two seeded capsule and habit, this G. is not of A- triplicides but rather of Alsinides family, some Kochias belong here. 584. Ofaiston Raf. (Salsola) diff. Salsola, stam. 1 , while all salsolas have 5 . . . ! Type O. paucifolium Raf. Salsola monandra Auct. fol. paucis alt. teretib. carnosis. Caspian region, ne^r Corispermum, CN T. VI. 47 585. Salsola L. this G. ouglit to l)e distin- ffiiishcd by the spiral seed, and 2 stigmas : there- fore S. trlsyna with '^ styhs is probably a pe- culiar G. TiuKAi.is (Raf.) iriJJora. The G. KocJiia, Qlienolca, Sueda, Dondia are all good. Even in Kochia those with two saeds are probably sp. of Jsgnrum, Dondia of A- danson has one style with 3 to 5 stigmas and lenticular seed, 586. Salicornia L. One stam. 2 stig. — S. herbacea, fruticosa, polystachia, cruciata, ar- buscula &c. — stem, artic. as in Polygonides. 587. Sarcaturia Raf. (fleshy artic) two Stamens, 2 stigmas — Here belong. S. procum- bens, radicans, strobilacca, virginica, indica, ambigua &c, all Salicornias of L. and Authors, This G. was chiefly made by habit of artic. stems; it may offer yet other anomalies by ca- lix entire or 4dentate <^'C. 588. Urtica L. Another G. full of anoma- lies, many of the 100 sp. united thereto were merely held by habit or aspect, Linneus had only 28. The Genera Boehmeria has been properly separated, I also separated Ad'ike and Selepsion long ago ; but must now add two others which are not even of same family ! four parts to the male calix, but fem. cal. 2parted : the seed is thus as Atriplex, therefore very near that G. and its family, altho' Urtica is made the type of another, the main difference is in the single stigma, with hypogyne stamens, Parietaria differs from Urtica., by same means as ChetiopodiuTn from Atriplex. 589. Calostima Raf (fine stig) diff, Urtica, Dioica, stigma radiato pilis stellatis, cal. fructif. inflato pulposo cordate. — This certainly a pe- culiar G» having a beautiful tuft of radiated 48 FLOR. TELL. hairs for stigma, thus many stigmas! and the fruit as in BaseHdes, therefore it belongs to .that subfamily of Atriplexia. 590. Qalostima acideata Raf. Uctica bac- cata L. plum, ic, *2G0 Andr. rep. 454 &/C. Ar- boresc. acul. fol, alt. cord. dent. acum. race- mis axill. retroflexis — South America, habit of Nettles, but a tree, perhaps several blended species. 591. LiTHocNiDE" Raf. (stone nettle) diff. Urtica fl. fem. 3part. stigma 3, semina Sgona — This also belongs to Atriplexia by the stig- mas multiple, type L. lappulacea Raf Urtica, do Sw. W. P. caule repens, fol. alt. ovatis cili- atis, fl. axill. Antilles on stones, leaves not stinging. 592. Pentocnide R. (5 nettle) diff. Urtica, cal. 5part. stam. 5 — Perhaps only a subgenus, near to Chenopodium, Type P. glomerata. suffrut. fol. alt. ovatis, fl. axil, sessilis. Antilles, any other pentandrous sp. must be added. o93. Adike Raf. 180S. difl". Urtica, fl. tri- partitis, triandris, fl. fem. similis. caule carno- so, fol. glabris — Many American Sp. blended in Urtica pumlla, see my New flora, and I add here another from Antilles. 594. Adike alloplujla Raf. Urtica trianthe- moides Sw. W. P. Sm. caule erecto ramose carnoso, fol. oppos. ineq. oblongis et obovat. obt. integris — Hayti, near streams. 595. Selepsion Raf. 1814. diff*. Urtica, fl. fem. 4part. ineq. 2alt. minor, stylo, fl. dioicis — This G. was indicated by Leers long ago for JJ. dioica and urens, it is a subgenus at least. Many Sp. belong thereto, see my New flora for S. vernum and montanum. Selepsion was an Egyptian name for nettles, and Adike a Greek name according to Adanson. CENT. \I. 4d 596. Oblixilis liaf. 1818. diff. Urtica, Cal. Inasc. 5part. 5andris, fl, fern. 2phyl. ineq. per* sistens, stylo lateralis reflexo, stig. acuto, sem. orbic. obliqua plana acum. — Types. JJ. divari^ cata, canadensis and my new species, see my new Flora. These plants have a singular struc- ture of seed, with a very evident style and un- equal small valves to it. Sir James Smith ho- ped that some American botanists would illus- trate tiiem. It is probable other sp. belong here, compare U. membranacea. 597. MoNosTERiA Raf. (one ster) cal. 4part. corolla 4fida infund. stam. 2, una sterilia, stig. capit. caps uniloc. bivalvis, polysperma. — This must be added to the 6fentiana i but is very near Heteroclita 482, and Pladera. It is the Hopea, of Vahl. W. Sm. but now L. which has wrongly been united to Symplocos. 598. Monosteria lUchotoma Raf. Hopea do V. W. Sm. Exacum pusillum Roxb. caule di- chot. 4gono pumilo, fol. ovatis et lanceol. supe- ris subul. fl. ad dichot. ramis 3fl — Coromanclel, fl. yellow. 599. Pladera Roxb. Canscora Lam. cal. tu- bulosus 4alatus 4dentatus, cor. infundib. irregu- laris 41oba, lobis 2 major, stam. 5 ineq. ui?a minor, stigma stylosus bilobus. Capsula ut Gentianea. — another G. blended with Exacum by L. yet evidently not even of same family, but of Orobanchides with Monosteria and Heteroclita^ that family differing from Genti- anides by irregular corolla or stamens not is- arine nor opposite. Hooker says it has 5 sp. all annuals, and that Crt?^5cora badly described by Lamark belongs here ; but the type will be. 600. Pladera decussata Roxb. b. mag. 3066. oaule 4alato, fol. ovato lane, trinervis, florib. 7 50 FLOR. TELL paniculalis trichotomis albis. — East Indies. The G. Exaciim is thus nearly as loose as Gen- tiana, I shall return to it with Sebaea of So- lantler. In this Centuria I have chiefly attended to settle or reform the natural families of which Linum, Amaranthus, Atriplex, Polygonum, Ur- tica, Drosera &c were the main types, with several akin Genera and families. By this la- bor it will be seen how utterly inconsistent was even Jussieu in framing his families or refering Genera to them, whereby it was almost impos- sible to separate them by any definite character. The later writers had done no better ; but now I hope that it will be easy to know each family and refer genera to them by something definite and tangible. It is in this manner that all na- tural families ought to be revised, ascertained and ultimately settled. CENTURIA VII. 1 shall here resume again the beautiful tribe of Asphodelides and akin, begun in the first Centuria, and shall quote the very words of Lindley on that score — " In tribes of plants so simple in structure as Asphodelea, like Umbel- lifera and Crucifera, it is indispensable that Genera should be confined within most exact limits, and it is far better that this should be ef- fected by the creation of many new Genera, than that it should not be done at all. Lindley hot. reg. 1486. 601. Lemotrys Raf. (meadow raceme) this CKNT. VII. 51 name is to be substituted for my Quamasia 64. It now appears that this G. is based on the Skilla esculenta found from Kentucky to Mis- souri, my Lem. hijacinthina ; while the same plant found in Oregon is even another Genus to which Lindley appUed also the name of Ca- rnassia in 1832, as follows — 602. Quamasia Raf 1827, Camassia Lindl, 1832. Fetalis 6 inequalis, 5 adscendens, 1 infe- ru declinato unguicul. stam. 6 filif. hypog. equa- lis omnis adscendens, stylo declinato, stigma tridentatum — Habit of Lemotrys very distinct by irregular petals, stamens and style. 603. Quamasia esculeiita Raf. Lindl. b. reg. 1486 excl. Skilla syn. Plialangium qua- ■masJi Pursh. fol. longissimis carinatis non glau- cis, petalis lanceolatis purp. ceruleis — In Ore- gon, flowers double the size of Lemotrys hya- cinthina that has glaucous leaves and pale blue or white flowers, but this has also a white va- riety or perhaps sp. figured by Hooker b. m. 2774. Sprengel united all these plants to An- thericum, but totally different by stigma and smooth stamens. 604. Barnardia Lind. diff". ad Skilla, stam basi dilatatis in squamis valvatis ut Asphode- lus, caps, 31oc. 3sperma — Type B. scilloides b. reg. 1029. Bulbus ovatus, fol. rad. lin. canal, elongatis acutis, scapo racemose, fl. carneis, bract, subnulis. China. This is a G. taken from Skilla on characters like my own Genera. The Skilla plumbea of Lind. b. reg. 1355 is a real Skilla by filiform stamens. 605. Uropetalon Echv. Zuccagnia Bodin non alis, Dipcadis Uster diff*. ad Skilla et La- chenalia, cor. tubulosa 6fida, lac. 3 externis, stam. adnatis, stigma 3 — another G. near Le- 52 FLOR. TELL. motrys, by the 3 stigmas, Types 4 species. 1 Lachenalia viridis, 2 Scilla serotina Curtis 859, 1185 ! and 2 N. Sp. 3. U. crispum,4 U. glaucum, bot. reg. 156. 606. BoRBOYA Raf. (greek name) corolla campan. semi 6fida, stam. 6, membranaceis 3 dentatis, dente medio antherifero, filam. dilata- tis coalitis ad cor. adnatis, stig. trilobo, caps, subrot. 31oc. polysp. sem. centralis. JFol. radic. fl. spicalis — A striking N. G. blended with Hyacinth, near to Lagocodes 62, but stamens not filiform ! the real G. Hyacinthus is now confined to M. orientalis and amethystinus. 607. Borhoya spicata Raf. Hyacinthus spi- catus Sm. fl. gr. Lind. b, reg. 1869. Fol. lin. canal, elongatis, scapo brevis, fl. spicatis confer- tis 8-9, bracteis adnatis appendiculatis, sepalis obi. obtusis — Id. Zante. flowers cerulescent, modern greek name Borboya, 608. Nemaulax Raf. (fil. can.) diff". ad Al- buca. petalis 6, internis 3 apex fornicatis, stam. 6 ineq. 3 brevier alt. filam. canaliculatis, stylo 3gono, stig. trilobo — The G. Albuca is very near Skilla, in the hexandrous sp. but the real Albuca has 3 sterile stamens : all the other sp. united thereto are aliens like this. Type. 609. Nemaidax fastigiata Raf. Albuca do. Th. W. P. bot. reg. 277. Fol. lane, et lin. planis, scapo multifl. corymbose fastig. — South Africa, fl. white green. 610. Albuca L. auct. diff*. ad Skilla et Orni- thog, cor. 6pet. 3 ext. patens, 3 int. alt. erectis, « stam. 6, alt. 3 sterilis, stylo 3gono, sem. plana — Types A. altisima, major, minor, flaccida, viridifl. coarctata, &.c. all those with 6 fertile stamens are Nemaulax or of other Genera. 611. Tenicroa Raf. (colored ribbon) cor. CENT. VII. 53 petalis 6 rotatis, carinatis fornicatis, stam. G equalis subdeclinatis glabris, stylo declinato in- curve 3gono, stigma concavo trifldo — Very dis- tinct G. wrongly united to Anthericum and Al- buca, akin to Q,uamasia, but stamens not fili- form. 61*2. Tenicroa fragrans Raf. Anthericum do, Jaq. W. Albuca fugax Edw. b. reg. 311. Fol. trigonis, filiformis. scapo racemoso mul- tifl. elongato — South Africa, fi, white red. 613. PiLASiA Rad (head villose) very near Tenicroa and Quamasia diff'. Fetalis nervosis non fornicatis, stam. filif. eq. glabris ovario 3 gono, stylo adscendens, stigma capitato villoso — Several sp. of Anthericum belong here or to the Genera Tenicroa, Bulbiue, Quamasia^^c. by declinate style or stamens, such as A. exu- viata hot. mag. 871, A. vittata. 1046, A. phy- sodes 1329, but their real Genus and place de- pends on their stigmas, and not having now the figures before me I cannot ascertain the fact, but will do it hereafter. Meantime the type of this G. is 614. Pilasia jilifolia Raf Anthericum do Jaq. W. Albuca do Edw. hot. reg. 557. Fol. filif flexuosis longis, scapo brevis, racemo pau- cifl. albo carneo. South Africa. 615. Laothoe R. (Nymph) diff*. 613. stigma bidentatum, caps. 21ocularis, caulescens, pani- culato — Habit and fruit very peculiar. Type L. pomeridlana, Raf Skilla do DC. pi. gr. An- thericum do Edw. b. reg. 564. Caule ramoso panic, fol. lanceol. carinatis glaucis scabris — Africa, fl. white. 616. OziROE R. (Nymph) diff Ornithog. cor. 6pet. eq. integris, stam. 6 eq. filam. ovato lane, acum. stigma trifidum. caps, polysp. sem. alatis — Very distinct G. near Lemotrys and Asko- lame by stigma. Type 54 FLOR. TELL. 617. Oziroe leuchlora Raf. Ornithogalum chloroleucum Lind, b. reg. 1853. Fol. lanceol. canal, strictis, scapo equante raccmoso, pedic. elongatis, bract, brevis lanceol. petalis obi. ob- tusis — Chili, fl. greenish white. 018. ToMoxis Raf. (cut end) diff. Eliokar- nios, 58. Pet. 6 eq. stam. ineq. 3 alt. dilatatis apex, emarg. vel. bidentatis, antheris inter den- tis, 3 alt. subul. ad pet ext. opposita, ovar. 3go- num, stylo, trigono, stig. simplex — The stamens are here nearly as in G^h«o?225 41,but the hab- it is like the racemose Loncomelos 57. Three types, for real ElioJcarmos see 643. 619. Tomoxis odorata Raf. Ornithogal do. Jaq. ic 432. Andr. t, 260. W. P. Fol. lin. lan- ceol. brevis prostratis, racemo elongato, bract, ad ped. brevior. — S, Africa, ft. large greenish, fragrant. 620. Tomoxis virens Raf Ornithog. do Edw. b. reg. 814. Fol. lin. lane, elongatis apex teres acum. bracteis sphacelatis fl. longior — S. Africa, flowers smaller, hardly odorous vires- cent. 621. Tomoxis coarctata Raf. Ornith, do Jaq. ic. 436. W. P. ^^c, Fol. linearib. canalicul. racemo coarctato, stam. alt. emarg. — South Africa. 622. NiciPE R. (Nymph) diff". ad Ornithog. Petalis 6 lanceol. 3 ext. carinatis, stam. ineq. 3 alt. lanceol. major, 3 alt. subul. ovar. 3gon. stylo 3gono, stig. 3gono, fl. racemosis. 623. JSicipe nivea Raf Ornithog. niveum. Ait. W. P. Edw. hot. reg. 235. Bulbo globoso, fol. filif. canal, racemo brevi paucifl. — S. Africa, flowers perfectly white. I shall resume the akin Genera at 640. 624. Raxamaris Raf (berry bitter) cal. 2 CENT. VII. o;> part, petalis 5 concavis, stam. 5 subulatis, ovar. obov. bifidum, stig. 2 sessilib. Bacca biloc. 2 sperma, obcordata coriacca, scm, obi. plana — Very peculiar G. of my family Sarcocidia, and also akin to Sclcranthidcs, blended with Ophi- oxilon by Sni. not L. Habit of Phytolaca. 625. llaxamaris parmflora Raf. Rex. amaroris Rumph 2. t. 41- Frutic. fol. alt. cllipt. pctiol. racemis axillaris — A shrub of the Mo- luca Ids. intensely bitter, valuable specific for cholera, pleurisy and fevers. G2G. SARCOCIDIA, A small family of mine very near to Linidia, ditlering by berry instead of capsule, and stamens perigyne : the berry is multilocular or polycoca, cells monosperm, leaves alternate, rt. racemose — The types are I*hijtolaca, Sarcoca, Schefferia, Raxamaris, ' '-^ eq. stigma capit. caps, basi 31ocul. apice nio- noloc. polysp. sem. globosis. jl. radieatis sess- ilis. — Very different from Curculigo except by habit. Type A. latifolia Raf. Curculigo do ^ Ait. b. m. 2031, b. reg. 751. fol. petiol. lato lan- ceol. plicatis. Polynesia, fl. yellow sessile on the thick root, akin to Hypoxis and Hypoxides. 956. Curculigo Roxb. W. P. this G. of which C. orchioides was the type, is now in- creased to many sp. but all those that have not 3 stigmas and a monoloc. capsule with few seeds like this type, ought to be excluded. Is the Ovary realy free or inferior in all ? 657. Leucoryne Lindl. difi'. ad Brodiea, cor. hypocraterif. stam. 3 sess. intubo,3infauce sterilis — Plants of Chili, 3 sp. L. odorata, irio- ides, aUiacea. Near family Xuridia. 658. Triteleia Hooker near last, cor. 6fida basi tubulosa, stam. 6 fertilis, ovar. stipit. stig- ma 3partito — Two sp. from Chili, T. ttniflora, bivalvis, and perhaps a third from California Tr. peduncularis ; but two others form my G. Tulophos 700. 659. Skilla jistidosa Raf. precis 1814. Fol. erectis linearib. obtusis glabris canalicul. sea- pus fistulosus tereto, racemo elongato, bracteis brevis, petalis ovatis obtusis albis — On Mount Etna on rocks, estival. This is a real Skilla with filiform stamens and white flowers, which Lindley has blundered so far as to unite with my Ornitliogahim ceruleum 54, with l)lue flow- (i'i FLOR. TELL ers with flat subulate stamens, and also with the next plant of Gussone, which is not a Skilla neither, and another plant by purple flowers. GOO. Loncomelos purpurcus Raf. Skilla cupaniana (Gussone ? R. S.) Lind. b. reg. 1878. fol. lanceol. denticul. acutis, fl. racemosis. racemo oblongo multifl. 20-30fl. bract, linearib. ped, dimidio, petalis ovatobl. obt, purpureis — Sicily : this description is h'om Lindley figure, where the petals are purple, ovary blue, stigma 31obe, filaments equal lanceolate, seeds central few : the descr. of Gussone appears to recede and apply to my Orn. ceruleum 54, by pauci- flore corymb of blue flowers, but differ yet by ciliate leaves and rostrate capsule. There must be several akin sp. in Sicily, of different Genera ; meantime I will state the great main distinctions of 3 species of 3 Genera ! Lonco- melos purpureus, raceme of purplish fl. sta- mens lanceolate. Ornithogalum ceruleum, corymb of blue fl. stamens subul. flat. Skilla fistulosa, raceme of white flowers, stamens filiform. 661. Arisarum Tourn, Ad. Arum L. auct. (name included in Asarum, Comarum &c.) This Genus is the type of the Aroides family, a fine singular tribe : in utter confusion as yet, because the Genus was based on the mere spa- tha, instead of the stamens. I mean to revise it partly, but all the species must be examined again, as well as those of Colocasia and Cala- dium. — My real Arisarum has, spatha cucu- lata uniloba, spadix brevier ad basis pistilifero, in medio staminifero, filam, sterilis medialis apice nudo clavato,antheris rhomboideis,sessiles stigma sessile, baccis monolocul. oligospermis. Rad tuber osa, scaposis s. acaules, fol. simpli- CENT. VII. 63 ces, sepe basl dimsis — This will include A ma- culatum^ italicum^ pictum, serpenlimtin (A. arisarum L.) ocatum ? ^c with akin species. The 3 Genera .of Necker were chiefly distin- guished by habit, and thus improper^ they were Colocasia caulescent, Xlocasia stemless with compound leaves, Aruin stemless, simple leaves Many other essential distinctions are offered by the spatha, spadix, pistils and anthers. The singular G. Kunda 305 deviates greatly, also Segiiinum 977. 662. HoMAiDA Ad. dift'. 661. spatha angusta, spadix longior apex nudo tereto vermiculato, ad basis squamosus, et antheris mixtis cum squamis, baccis monospermis, Acaides, fol. angustis integris — Types the several sp. blen- ded as A. tenuifoUum L. and gramineinn Lam. The A. gramineuni of Russel with lan- ceolate spathe and clavate spadix is difiUfent and perhaps a true Arisarum not Homaidci ; but A. proboscideurn is a Homaida. 663. Desmesia Raf. (separ. middle) diff". 661. spatha basi tubulosa sen globosa integra, pis- tilis et antheris divisis ab annulo nudo, filam. sterilis superis plumosis. Acatdes, fol. dimsis, — Several sp. probably, types the two following. 664. Desmesia orixensis Raf. Arum do Andr. rep. 356. Edw. rcg. 450. fol. hastato tri- partitis, scapo brevissimo basi globosa, labio ovato, spadix clavato — Orixa in India, inside of spatha and club red. 665. Desmesia venosa Raf. Arum venosuni Ait. W. P. Edw. reg. 1017. Fol. pedatis, foliolis 5 ovatis acum. basi confluens, scapo brevi, spa- tha basi tubulosa, apex lanceol. longissima spa- dix tereto. — Brazil, spatha green, veined and marbled with purple inside, 2 large scales spa- C4 ILOR. TELL. thiforni at base of spatha, by this character^ lack of plumose sterile filaments, terete spadix and tubular base, it may be a snbgenus, or real type of G. while D. orixensis might form subg-. Steiroptilus. GOG. Megotigea Raf. (big ear of ground) diff. G61. spatha basi tubulosa inflata recurva, apex coarctato, labio amplissimo auriculato cu- cuUato emarg. intus crinito. spadix tuberc. cri- nito. ad basi squamis involucrato, pistilis cune- atis apex Ggonis, antheris confluens carnosis 2loc. biporosis, baccis 4-Gspermis. fl. suhra- dlc. fol. dimsis radic — Very peculiar Genus. 6G7. 3IegotlffeacrlniiaIlixi\ Arum. do. Ait, W. Edw. reg. 851. A. muscivorum L. fol. pe- datis furcatis glaucis, foliolis lanceolatis, scapo brev issimo — Minorca and Spain, spatha green spoted of brown, inside dark red, spadix green- ish black, this flower is like a huge ear or a flow- er of Aristolochia, and is fetid like many others of the tribe. GG8. Alocasia Raf. name of Necker but only part of his Genus. Diff. ad 6G1, spathis triclinis, masc. fern, et herm. basi tubulosa, spa- dix clavato, basi et apice oudo, stigma sessile punctiforme, antheris subpedicellatis 2-41ocul. In fl. herm. confluens, baccis oligospermis. sub- caulescens^ fol. 3-5natls — Distinct G. by the division of sexes either monoical, dioical or tri- oical. Types the several sp. blended in^. tri- phyhim, ternatum, ringens^ atroruhens and pentaphyluni^ see my new flora for these spe- cies. The 5 leaved sp. most form the subge- nus Rhomphalis name of Zanoni. — A. tri- phyla includes 3 sp. A. lohatci^ pedata, Vir- ginica Raf. 669. DRAcuNCULusTourn. Ad. diff*, 661,spa- CENT. VII. 65 tha involuta angusta, spadix tenuis non clavato, antheris et pistillis confluens et nonnulis mixtis, Acaides, fol. sepe dicisis — Several sp. belong here, 1 Dr. polyphylus (Arum dracunculus L) 2 spadiceus llaf. (A dracontium,) with spa- dix elongate. 3 dhartcatus, 4 trilohatus: 5 can- nefoUus c^'C, all Arums of L. with several others probably and N. Sp. Dr. tenellus, and crassi- caulis. This G. is very near Homaida, but has no scales and several seeds. The sp. with entire leaves form the subgenus Neienshe/na, 670. Peltandra Raf. 1819. Lecontea Tor- rey 1824. Renselaria Beck 1833. spatha an- gusta involuta tubulosa, apice fissa, spadix in- cluso toto genifero, pistillis inferis, stigma sess. capitato, antheris confluens (ad apice sterilis) peltatis crenatis multilocul. Baccis l-5spermis ineq. Acaules, fol. simpl. The types are the various sp. blended under Arum Virginicum Li. descr. in my monograph of new flora P. un- dulata, liastata. Walteri, angustifolia^ sagit- tatn, latifolta, Jieterophyln, these 3 last have only one seed in ripe berries, and form subg. Renselaria. I noticed'this G. since 1804, 1 published it 1819 in my 50 N. G. Journ. phys. yet two other names were given to it since. 671. CoLocAsiA Neckcr, difl*. 661, antheris divisis cirrhis sterilis mixtis, baccis multilocul. polysp. Acaides, fol. sepe peltatis. — Types C. mdgarls (arum colocasia), C. esculenta, C. macrorhiza, peregrina^cucidata 4^^c, and sim- ilar useful sp. called Edoes in English. 672. Caladium Vent. W. P. diff. 661. spa- tha cucul. apice dilatata, spadix medio glandu lifero, apice antherifero, antheris peltatis mul- tiloc. stig. umbilic. bacca monol. polysp. — Chie- fly different from Peltandra by the glands or 9 66 TLOR. TELL. sterile stamens medial, and tlie spatha as in Arisarum, Persoon had 16 sp, some of which frutescent or twining: they must all he exam- ined again, and compared with Pellandra, Arosma, Seguinum &c. The C. glaticum of Elliot appears of this genus. C. bicolor has tho anthers unequal rhomboidal, 673. Arosma Raf. (Ar. odor) diiT. 661, spa- tha cuculata basi inflata, spadix toto genifero, antheris 6gonis 6loc. planis, inferis sterilis, pis- tillis 6costatis, stigma 6lobo, baccis 6spermis, Caulescens radicans — Two types from South America, both very fragrant, perhaps the fra- grant Arum cordatum belongs here also. 674. Arosma obtusifolia Raf. Caladium fragrans Hooker b. m. 3314. fol. cordatis oblon- gis obtusis, petioiis semiteretis marginatis, spa- dix tereto — Guyana, spatha white, base red, suaveolent. 675. Arosma aciiti folia Raf Calad. grandi- fol. Sims b. m. 2643 non Jaq. Caladium simsi, Hooker, fol. cordato sagittatis lucidis acutis, petioiis teretib. spadix clavato obtuso — Also from Guyana, less fragrant than the last. 676. Telipodus Raf (spotted feet) near Ca- ladium 672, diff. spadix ad spatha coalito de- currens, antheris turbinatis angulatis l21ocul. supra planis, pistillis lateralis obovatis, stigma piano umbilic, integro, baccis monosp ? Cau- lescens^ radicans — Type T. grandifolius R. Calad. do Jaq. h. sch. 189. W. P. Hooker b. m. 3345. fol. cord, sagitt. acutis opacis, petioiis, teretibus maculatis, spadix clavato obtuso — Guyana, large leaves two feet long, flower ino- dore greenish white. 677. Seguinum Raf spadix cuculato lanceol. brevis, spadix tereto longior unilatere toto gen- CENT. VII. 67 ifero sed ad medio nudo verrucoso, antheris rhomboidalis umbilic. squamiformis. Pistillis caliculatis ! calix 3-4part. clavatis, stigma cap- itatis 3-41obis, baccis 3-4spermis. Qaulescens, fol. integris — Very peculiar Genus by a calix to fem. fl. thus approximating to the family of POTIIIDES. 678. Segiiinum tnaculatum Raf. Arum se- guinum L. Calad. do. W. P. fol. ovatis lanceol. acum. albo maculatis. Jamaica, called Dumb Cane, spatha green, anthers brown. 679. Provenzalia Ad. Calla L. auct. bad name too near Galea, Caladium, Calamus! very near Caladium difference only male and fem. fl. mixt, a style and acute stigma. There are 3sp. of this G. in N. America, see my new flora. One from Oregon P. hispatlia Raf. is very peculiar by double spathas and obtuse leaves. 680. SiDERASis Raf. (rusty fur), cal. Spart. ineq. ferrug. petalis S ineq. basi connatis, stam. 4-6 ineq. antheris oblongis et difformis, stigma simplex, caps. 2-31oc, 2-3valvis, 4-6sperma. Acaulis, fl, radicalis. — I begin to add now same other new genera blended with Trades- cantia and Commelina, see my former G. 22 to 32 : they all belong to the family of Com- melinides. This is akin to Etheosanthes, Cal- lisia ^c, yet was united to Tradescantia. Type S. acaules Raf, Tradesc. fuscata Lod. Edw. b. m. 582. acaulis ferrug. hirsuta, fol. ellipt. acu- tis, pedunc. radic. l-3fl. — Brazil, flowers pale blue. 681. PoGOMEsiA Raf. (beard middle) diff. ad Tradesc. Petalis basi barbatis, stam. 3 superis brevior, 3 inferis longior. declinatis, stylo de- clinato incurvo — Type P. undata Raf. Tra- 68 FLOR. TELL. desc. do W. Kunth, Lind. b. reg. 1403. fol. am- plex. ovatis undul. umbella term. 5fida ramosa corymb, bracteis ovatis, cal. pilosis. Cumana and Mexico, petals purple, bracts ivolucrating and on peduncles. 682. Tropitria Raf. (3 keels) a subgenus only of Tradescantia ? difl'erence, cal. carinatis, filam. basi villosis, stylo glabro, seminis biseri- alis in loculis — Type Tr. crassula Link. Grab. Hook. b. m. 2935. glabra ramosa, fol. obi. lan- ceol. ciliatis nervosis, umbella termin. petalis cal. brevior albis. South America. 683. OviDM. Raf Spat ha ut Commelina, cal. 2phylo ineq. infero major bilobo. cor. petalis 3 ineq. 2 subunguic. rotundatis. stam. 5 glabris 2 sterilis, stylo declinato, stig. 31obo, caps. 31ocul. 3gona — Very distinct from Commelina by 5 stamens &c. perhaps several sp. but the type is. 684. Ovidia gracilis Raf Commelina do fl. per. t. 72, Hooker b. m. 3047. C. formosa Grab, caule assurgens articulato retropiloso, fol. lan- ceol. glabris acutis 7nervis, spatha plicata compr. cordata multifiora. Peru. 685. EuDiPETALA Raf diff. Commelina, poly- gama, cal, 3fol. eq. pellucidis membr. petalis 2 superis eq. infero minimo seu nullo, stam. 3 fertilis, antheris ineq. 2ovatis, 1 lobata major, stam 3 sterilis lobatis — Type Eud, deficiens Raf. Commelina do Hook. b. m. 2644. erecta, ramosa, fol. ovatis lanceol. undulatis basi cilia- tis, spatha cordata acum. nonnulis ft. femineis — Brazil, perennial, petals blue, the third when present is white. 686. Commelina L. auct. a crowd of heter- ogenous sp. was blended here ; it is difficult to say which ought to remain the real type. I CENT. VII. (>9 venture the following characters — Cal. 3part. equalis coloratis, cor. petalis 3 eq. stam. 3 fer- tilia, 3 stcrilia. nectarit'orme, stylo 4, stig. sim- plex, caps. 31oc. Svalvis 3sperma, valvis oppo- sitis. Spatha plicata muliijlora. Types the tropical species C. cuculata, fasciculata, ner- vosa, bracteolata, spirata Slc, but all must be examined again. 687. Stick3iannia Necker. diff. G86. cal. 3part. eq. cor, petalis 3 ineq. uno minor, stam. Gineq. omnis fertilia, caps. 31oc. oligosperma — Types C. ?nollls, longicollis, ajricana ? guya- nensis or C. communis of guyana,^'C. G88. DiTELEsiA Raf. ( 2 perfect) diff. 686, stam. 2 fertilia, 4 sterilia nectarif. spatha nul- la— Type D. nudiflora Raf. 689. DiRTEA Raf. (Nymph) diff. 686. Poly- gama, cal. et petalis ineq. stam. 2 fertilia, 4 ste- rilia, stig. capitate, capsula loculis ineq. poly- spermis — Types D. japonica R. and several sp. of N. America blended as Com. erecta, communis, hirtella &c, see mv new flora, 690. Anantiiopus Raf fl.lud. 1817 diff. 686. cal. 3sepalis scariosis, petalis ineq. 2 major, stam 6 ineq. difformis, una lanceol. stylo coahta, stylo reflexo declinato. Spatha gelatinosa, multifl. pedunc. uno obortivo — For an ample account see my fl. ludov. page 21, 22. Several types, but chiefly A. clandestinus. 691. Ananthopus clandestinus R. fl. lud. 58. fol. lanceol. retrorsum scabris subtus glau- cis, spatha saccata mucron. demum plana reni- forme. — Louisiana, petals blue, the spatha changes in form. 692. Ananthopus cordatus R. fl. lud. 59. caulib- virgatis, fol. lanceol. supra basi scabris, spatha cordata — Louisiana, an Dirtea ? 70 FLOR. TELL 693, Ananthopus undulaius Raf. caule ra- moso, fol. amplisovatis acimi. glaucis scabrius- culis, margine a^^pcro iindulato, vaginis amplis tubuloso campanulatis, spatha cordata plicata acuminata — Alabama, in my herbal, stem 1 or 2 feet, leaves 5 to 8 inches long. G94. Allotria Raf. diff. 686, cal. Ssepalis ineq. Fetalis 3 subeq. ungiiic. stam 3 fertilia antheris sagittatis, 3 sterilia amorphis lobatis cum glandulis pedunc, — Type A. scabra Raf. Commel. virginica L, Elliot ^c. caule erecto, fol. lane, subpetiol. serrulatis supra cabris, spa- tho renif. scabra uniflora cum ped. anantho — Virginia and Carolina, 3 feet high, not C. virg. of all botanists- 695. Nephralles Raf. (kidney diff) cal. 3 part, ineq, concavis, supero minor. Fetalis 3 ineq. infero minor sessile reniforme, 2 major unguiculis canalicul. lamina renif. obliqua. stam. 6 ineq. omnis fertilis glabris, filam. filif. erectis, antheris ovatis. Ovar. obi. stylo filif. erecto, stig. obtuso. caps, membranacea 31oc. 3sp. sem. obi. spatha plicata ^nultijl, — A very distinct Genus akin to Stickmania, which I have described at length on the living plant in full bloom ; the flowers of all this tribe are so e- vanescent that unless they are caught at their blooming hour, no correct idea can be had of them. 696. Nephralles parvijlora Raf. glabra, decumbens ramosa, ramis geniculatis divarica- tis, vaginis tubulosis membran. fol. ovatis acutis spatha cordata paucijlora. — Kentucky and Tennessee, fl. small pale blue, estival, in bloom at noon. 697. Larnalles Raf. (cells uneq.) cal 3 se- palis ineq. color, supero minor, petalis 2 subrot. CENT. VII. 71 emarg. ungiiic. uno infero sessile vel carens ut in Eudipetala. Stam. 6 ineq. fertilis, 3 siiperis. brevior antheris cruciatis. 3 inf. longior, anthe- ris ovatis, stylus filif. stig. simplex caps. 3loc. loculis ineq. polyspermis ut Dlrtea. — Several North American Species seen alive, 698. Larnalles dichotoma Raf. caule di- chot. geniculate, fol. la.nceol glabris, vaginis fissis, fl. panicul. spathis cordatis brevis plicatis pedunculatis — Apalachian mts. stem slender 1 or 2 feet high, petals blue. 699. Larnalles glauca Raf. caule simplex, fol. glaucis lanceol. basi vaginatis, spatha term, subsess. cordata plicata — Kentucky, Illinois, pe- dal, flowers large pale blue. 700. TuLOPHOS Raf, (wart crest) near to Triteleia 658, diff. cor. tubulosa eq. 6fida, stam. Ginduplice series ad tubo inserta, filam. 3 de- currens ad basis callosis vel. cristatis, Ovar. brevi stipit, stigma trilobo. Scaposa, fl. um- hellatis ceruleis — Habit of the Hyacinth and mistaken for such by some or united to Trite- leia. Two types 1. T. ^r«w;nt. vih. 75 annularis, AcaiiJes, JoL et fl. radic — Very near 711, but ditierent habit, limb divided and pilose stamens. Type C. nana Raf. Nicot. do Edvv. b. reg. 833. ibl. pilosis lanceol. et cunea- tis, fl. subsess. brevis. lobis limbo obtusis. Ore- gon mts. cult, by Indian tribes as a mild tobac- co, leaves 2 or 3 inches only, flowers small white. 714. Amphipleis Raf. (all more) cal. ovatus costatus G-8fidus, cor. hypocr. tubo basi infl. limbo piano G-8Hdo, stam. G-8ineq. caps 4-81oc. 4-8valvi^. stigm. capit. integrum, jl. axil. — This G. deviates widely from the tobacco tribe, and is still nearer the Convolvulides. Two types, A. 4v>alvis R. Nicot. do. 2. A. fetida R. Nicot. multivalvis Lindl. b. reg, 1057. Viscido pilosa, fol. lanceol. inf. petiolatis, fl. axill. sub- sess. cal. acuto, cor. obt. cult, on the Columbia R. hircose smell. 715. CoHiBA Raf. (Haytian) diff. Nicotiana cal. hirtus camp. cor. campanulata 5dent. cap- sulis bicornis. Frutic. Jl. raccmosis — Type C. urens Raf. Nicot. do L. auct. Arboreus his^ pidus, fol. cord, crenatis, racemis compositis secundis. South Amer. fl. white. 716. Blenocoes Raf. (Renealm) diff. Nico- tiana et Petunia cal. magis ineq. lacinia una foliosa duplo major, cor. obliqua subringens, jl. racern, — Type Bl. glulinosa R. Nicot. do L. auct. fol. petiol. cordatis, glutinosis, racemis secundis — Peru, fl. rosate. 717. SiPHONEMA Raf. (tube fil) cal. camp, limbo amplo 5part. ineq. foliaceis. cor. hypocr. tubo filiformis, limbo 51obo subeq, stam. 5 ineq. inclusis, filam. et antheris connivens vel coalitis. stig. oblongo transverso integro — Very peculiar G. near Cohiba and Nierembergia, two types^ 76 * FLOR. TELL. 718. SipJionema longijlora Raf. Nierern- bergia calicina Hooker b. mag. 3371. glandu- losa, fol. opp. et alt. petiol. obovatis, pedic. ex- traxill. cal. obovatis — Paraguay. 719. Slphonema fiUcaulis R. Nieremb. do Lind. b. reg. 1649, Hook. b. m. 3370. Glabra erecta, ramis filif. fol. alt. linear, cal. linearib — Buenos Ayres. 720. Sti.iiomphis Raf. (stig. umbil) cal. cam- pan. Sfidus ineq. foliosus,cor. campanulata 5loba subequalis, stam. 5 ineq. 2 major, stylo filif. stig. turbinate umbilicato, FL axillaris — Another striking G. blended with Nierembergia and Salpiglossis; this last is very distinct by only 4 fertile didyn. stamens, and is of therefore ano- ther family. Type St, linearis Raf. Salpiglos- sis do Hook. b. m. 3256. Nieremb. intermedia Grab. fol. sess. lin. obi. caule ramoso, fl. ax. pedic. Buenos Ayres, fine purple and yellow flowers, 721. Stimoryne Raf. (stig. club) cal. 5par- tito ineq. cor. campan. 51oba subeq. stam. 5fer- tilis ineq. stigma clavato. fl. axill. — Very near the last, chief diff. calix and stigma. Type. St. purpurea Raf. Nieremb. phenicea Gr. Sal- pigl. integrif. Hook. b. m. 3113. fol. spatulatis obi. integris, fi. solit, pedic, Uraguay, fl. purple, ' 722. Stimenes Raf. (stig. lunul) cal. camp. Sfidus equalis, cor. hypocr. limbo piano ineq. 5 lobo, stam. liberis subeq. 2 longior, antheris re- nif. stigma lunulato magno transverse, fl. ter- minalis — Near to 720 diff. equal cal. and stig- ma. Type. St. gracilis Raf. Nierembergia do Hook. b. m. 3108 caule erecto gracile, fol. sparsis linearib. fl. term, Uraguay, flowers white streaked of blue. 723. NiNANGA Raf, (nom ind) cal. duplex < i:nt. Mil. 77 utrinque 3part. persist, crectis coloratis, inter- nis bifidis, tubo corolliforniis iirceolatus Sdent. antheris 5 intus fcrcns. stylis 2. utriculus Isper- iiHis. jvl. oppos. Jh rerticil — This G. must be added to the Gomplirenides, but is very dis- tinct from Gomphrena., the type of which must be the G. globosa and akin sp. that have cal. ext. 3p. int. 5part. one style, '2 stiii;mas, as I have verified : it is Oplotheca that has only one capitate stigma. The types of Ninanga are A. bicolor Raf. Gomphrena perennis L. auct. b. m. 26l4. and perhaps 2 N. interrnpta Raf. Gomphr. do L. Celosia procumbens Jaq. — Gomphr. arborescens is probably type of a- nother G. Wadapus Raf. but I lack the dis- tinction. 724. Megasea Haworth. aff, Telesonix 252. Fetalis unguicul stam. 10 ineq. 5 alt. brevior. scaposa Ji. cymosis — Another G. to be added to the Saxifragides, Ovary free and capsule as in them, but unequal stamens. Type M. ciliata Haw, Saxifraga ligulata Wallich. Hook. ex. fl. 49, b. mag. 340G. fol. radic. pe- tiol. obov. erosis retusis ciliatis, scapo panic, cymoso — Nepal. 725. EvALTiiE Raf. (Nymph) cal. tubul. 5 gonus 5fidus eq. cor. hypocr. limbo ofido rota- te, stam. Sequalis, antheris linearib. 4gonis 4 dentatis, stylo sulcato erecto, stig. capit. obtuso — Another fine G. of Gentianides near Chiro- nia 491. It shows well the family character of opposited stamens. Type E. jasrnmoides Raf. Chironia do L. auct. b. reg. 197. Caule 4gono, fol. cuneatis lane, acutis, ramis unifloris. South Africa, fl. rosate. 726. ExACUM L. auct. cal. 4fido eq. cor. 4 fida basi globosa, stam. 4, antheris poro dehis- 78 FLOR. TELL. ccns, stylo declinato, stig. iinicuni, caps. 21oc. 2 valvis — Tliis is a corrected account of this G. and includes chiefly E, sessile., j}edun€td., piinc- tatiim ^'C, many G. have or must be taken from the old Liimean genus, like the next. 727. Sebaea Solander, Br. Sm. cal. 5part. carinatis, cor. infund. 4fida, tubo inflato, stam. 4, antheris elongatis stylo erecto, stig. 2, caps, compr. 21oc. 2valvis — This includes the Ex, albens, aiirea. ovata, &c, but not the cordata see next. The G. Cutubea Aublet chiefly differs by the 4 scales, caliq 4fid and capsule nearly unilocular. 728. Paurasia Raf. (Nymph) diff*. 727, co- rolla Sfida, stam. 5 calix dilatatus 5part. mem- br. — Type P. cordata Raf. Exacum do L. and Gentiana exacoides L. thus put into double Genera by him, caule dichot. angul. fol. cord, amplex. fl. luteis. S. Africa. 729. Episiphis Raf. (upon tube) cal. 5part. eq. extus bracteis 2 magnis involvens, cor. campanul. petalis 5 connivens in tubo, basi intus squama lanceol. posita ut in Ranunculus, stam. indef, pauca in 3 phalangis basi tubulosis, glan- dulis 3 hypogynis ad basi ovar. stigma 3 sub- sessilis. caps. 31oba, 31oc. polysp. Yrutex fol. opp. parvis, ramis \jl. — A very distinct G. blended with Hypericum and Elodea by all Au- thors. Type E. parvifolia Raf. Hypericum egyptium L. auct. hot. reg. 196. caule suffi'ut. compresso, fol. ovatis acutis glaucis squamifor- mis, ramulis unifl. petalis spatulatis. Egypt, small yellow flowers. 730. Triadenum Raf. 1808 (3 glands) cal. 5part. equalis, Petalis 5 eq. stam. 9 in 3 pha- langes planis trifidis triantheris, glandulis 3 magnis carnosis, alt. cum phalanges. Ovario CENT. VIII. 7^ 3gono. stylis 3, caps 3valvis subuniloc. axil, et term — I established this fine G. long ago for the Hyper. Virginicum, to which must be ad- ded several blended or new species of North America, improperly united to Elodea of A- danson. 8ee in my new flora Tr. virginicum. 731. Elodes Ad. Raf. diff. 730 Fetalis 5 basi squamulis ut 729, stam. 9-12-15 basi coa- litis, apice in .3-5phalangesdivisis, glandnlis in- terpositis nulli — This G. is thus between the two last, the types are E. iiihulosa., ijetiolata. Sec ; the Elodea of the actual botanists, in- cludes all these 3 genera. 732. Sarotiira Raf, 1808 non L. ad Hype- ricum vel Tridesma diff. stam. paucis 5-12 li- beris vel vix coalitis, stylis 3, capsula 3valvis unilocularis, valvis seminiferis — The Linnean Sarothra was united to Hypericum ; but many sp, having few stamens, uniloc. capsules, and commonly small flowers and leaves, required to form a G. including many sp. S. fastigiata, pauciflora, trinervia, canadensis, parviflora, &c, Choisy in his Monograph of this family in 1821, as well as Decandole] since, have yet united this to Hypericum. 733. Hypericum Raf. I confine this G. to the first section of L. et Dec. with 5 styles, 5 phalanges, caps. 5locular. many sp. I shall re- turn on the fine family of Hypericines, but will now give the main distinctions of my Genera of 1815 before Choisy, to which I shall add 4 others hereafter. 731. KoMANA Ad. diff. stylis 5 coalitis seu stylo unico, stig. 5. caps. Hoc. 5valvis. Centena subgenus with 1 style 5fid. 735. Tridesma Dec. subg. cal. ineq. pet. 80 FLOR. TELL. eq. phalanges 3, stylis 3, caps. 3Ioc. Svalvis. — • Most of the species. 73G. Streptalon Raf. cal. 5p. ineq. petaHs 5 obliquis contortis, stam. pluris liberis, stylis 3, capsula uniioc. 3valvis — Type Sir. dolabri- forme^ ^c. 737. Petalanisia Raf. cal. ineq. pet. ineq. stylis 3, caps. 31ocularis. 738. Pleurenodon Raf. cal. campanul. 5fi- dus, pet. 5eq. latere unidentatis, stylis 3, caps. 31oc ? 739. Kniffa Ad. cal. eq. 5fido camp. pet. eq. stylis 2, caps. 21oc. H. brevistylis Choisy tab. 7 appears to belong here. These G. are all distinct from the others of same family, such as Ascyrum, Androsemum, Arungana Jus. Palava R. P. Vismia W. or Caspia Necker, Eucryphia Cav. Carpodontes, Brathys Mutis &c, but Triplaris with one seed is of Amaranthidia. 740. Anisantiiera Raf. diff.ad Borrago,cor. hypocraterif. non rotata, tubo cal. longior, an- theris magnis longis inequalibus — Type A. cili- ata Raf. Borrago macranthera Russel fl. alep. fol. lanceolatis ciliatis, calicib. ciliatis. Syria. 741. EuDESMisRaf. (well fasc) diff. ad Hy- poxis, cor. tubo longo filif limbo Gpart eq. stam. Gineq. 3 brevior alt. stylo filif stig.obtuso,(Sprt- tha rad. fol, et fl. involvens latere fissa — Very distinct G. by habit, tube and stamens. Type, E. fascicidaris Raf Hypoxis do. L. Russel, fl. alep. fig. 9. Allium Rus. 1. ed. fig. 2. Bulbo subrot. fol. linearib. canalic. cum florib. fasci- culatis. Syria, fl. white. 742. Chetropis Raf (bristle keel) dift'. ad Alsine, cal. carinatis aristatis, petalis 5 integris brevissimis— Type C!i> setacea Raf. Alsine CENT. YIII. 81 mucronata Gouan ill. 22. A. aristata Rus. alep. p 249 fol- setaceis, cal. glabris mucronatis aris- tatis, petalis linearibus. Syria and Italy. Alsine differs from Stellaria by 5 stamens, but has bi- fid petals like it. This is perhaps a subg. of the next. 743. Melargyra Raf. (membr. silvery) cal. Spart ineq. margine membr. Petalis 5 integris cal. eq. (rubris) stam. 5-8, sty lis 3, caps uniloc. 3valvis, fol. fascic. cum. stipulis membr. ar- genteis — Very near to the last G. chief diff. calix and stipules. This G, includes all the pentandrous Arenarias like A. rubra, media, purpurea, canadensis SfO. with the next N. Sp. 744. Melargyra rosea Raf. Caulib. prostra- tis, apice pubescens, fol. subul. internodis eq. fl. axill. racemosis, cal. obt. pubesc. petalis ova- tis roseis cal. vix brevior, caps, ovatis cal. eq. — dry hills of Pennsylvania, pretty flowers au- tumnal. 745. DisYNOMA Raf. (2 un. law) Crucifera, sepalis et petalis subineq. obov. obi. obt. stam. 4 minora 2 libera, 2 major binis coalitis, filam. 2 obi. planis bifurcatis 2antheriferis. Ovar. or- bic. compr. stylo filif. stig. acuto. siliculis orbic. obcord — Singular G. near Thlaspi, but belong- ing to the tribe of Anomandria or cruciferous anomalous in the stamens. Type D. carnea Raf. Thlaspi carneum Russ. fl. alep. tab. 11. f. 2. caule superne ramoso, fol. cord, amplex. glabris integris, petalis cal. eq. carneis. Syria and Natolia, found by Tournefort and Russel. Not in Wildenow nor Persoon,who both appear to have overlooked all the 77 new plants of Russel in his floras of Aleppo and Libanus, although published in 1794! 11 82 FLOR. TELL. 746. Andaca Raf. (nom. gr.) Legum. cal. camp, bilab. lab. 2-3fidis, vexil. unguic. subrot. emarg. carina brevis. stam- 9 monadelphis, 4 alt. brevis, antheris subrot. sterilis, Salt, longior fertilis, antheris oblongis, apice poro dehiscens, stam. decima libera sterilis, anth. subrot. Ovar. genicul. lineare. stylo brevissimo, stig. capitato, Leg. tereto polysp. fol. ternatis, pedunc. axil. l-Sfl. — A fine G. that has escaped all the bo- tanists altho well described by Russel, and quite distinct from Lotus by the singular stamens. Type 747. Andaca arahica Raf. Lotus arabicus L. et omnis auct. Russel fl. alep. tab. 14. Jaq. h. t, 155. Prostrata, fol. pet. foliolis .3 petiol obov. obt. subincanis glabriusc. stipulis fol. sim- ilis, pedunc. erectis l-3fl. unibract. fl. nutans — Arabia and Syria, flowers fulvous with red veins. 748. LoREiA Raf. Campanulacea, cal. 5part. ineq. serratis, cor. rotata 5part. ovar. villoso sulcato, stam. et stylis ut Camp, caps. 31oc. 3 poris dehiscens. — A pretty G. to add to this family, it is near the true G. Campanula, but differs by the calix, rotate corolla and ovary. Type 749. Loreia baldensis Raf Camp. do. Bal- bi, C, lorei R. S. b. mag. 2581. caule diffuse 5gono, fol. pet. ellipt. obi. lanceol. serratis, pe- dunc. elongatis unifl, cal. ad cor. eq. — Mt Bal- do and Alps, flowers dark blue. 750. Rafinesqijia vel Diodeilis R. Labi- ata. cal. tubulatus rectus striatus subbilab. lab. sup. bident. inf. 3dent. faux intus villosa clausa cor. recta bilab. lab. sup. concavo emarg. lab. inf. subeq. 31obo, stam 4 remotis, antheris cor- datisbilobis sem. levis, Frutic, fl. axill — Here CENT. VIII. 83 is another Rafinesquia for a fine shrub mis- taken by all the Authors, and forcetl into 3 Genera! Cunila, Melissa, Gardoquia! if not ap- proved, I add a 5th name ! abridged from Dio- dontocheilis ! I add next the Gardoquia to compare them. The type of this is in my her- barium with several other shrubby Labiate of Florida. 751. Rafinesquia (vel. Dlodeilis) coccinea Raf. Cunila ! do Hooker, Melissa! do Spr. Gar- doquia! hookeri; Benth, Don. Lind. bot. reg. 1747 . . . Fruticosa, glaberrima, fol. obov. sess. acutis integr. pedunc. axil. l-3fl. pretty Shrub from Florida, flowers scarlet or miniate, seen dry. Bentham doubted the G. of this plant, he says it has stamens nearly like Origanum. I have another N. G. from Florida different by campan. calix &c. see Dlseldia. 752. Gardoquia R. P. fl. per. cal. tubul. in- curvus Sdentib. subeq. faux nuda s. barbata, cor. tubulosa incurva. lab. sup. piano emarg. lab. inf. Slobo, lobo medio latior. Antheris renif. sem. levis. Frut. fl. axil — Thus every thing is in contrast with the last except the habit. Type G. chilensis bot. reg. 1812 fol. linearib. cunea- tis obtusis, Chili — I shall begin to add some good new Genera to those of Bentham on the Labiate : I have already stated that his valua- ble labors are incomplete in many genera, and that his tribes of Labiate are artificial. The old division of Unilabiate, Diandres,and Didy- names by Jussieu was more natural, the stig- ma lateral or terminal, the stamens bilocular or unilocular ,with or without appendages, would form much better natural tribes. Therefore I offer the following tribes or families to be here- after rectified and enlarged. 84 TLOR. TELL. 753. Order LOBOGYNIA, suborder AR- CYTHIA Family LABIATA— 1 subfamily or tribe DIANDRIDI A, the Diandrides with two fertile stamens, filaments simple. Types Mo- narda, Lycopus, Cunila, &c. 754. SALVIDIA, the Salvides or Sages, stam. 2 fert. filam. append, antheris uniloc. types Salvia, Sclarea, and Hemistegia, Calos- phace Slc. 755. UNILABIATA, the Unilabiates, stam 4,corollis unilab — Teucrium, Ajuga, Scorodonia, Monipsis, Chamedrys, Melosmon. &:c. 756. BILABIATA, the true Bilabiate and Galeate, stam. 4. cor. bilab. divided into several smaller tribes. 1. Prasides, with baccate seeds. Prasium L. or Levina Ad. 2. Heterostimes, with terminal or unusual stigma, Sideritis, Lavandula, Cleonia, Perilla. 3. Pleiodontes, calix with more than 5 teeth Leonotis. Hemisodon, Marrubium, &c. 4. Synandrines, stamens united or connivent Synandra, Coleus ^c. 5. Thymides, stamens divergent far apart. Types Thymus, Satureja, Hyssopus, Origa- num, 4^C, 6. OciMiDES, stamens declinate, 7th order of Bentham, very unnatural. 7. Brunellides with furcate stamens, Bru- nella, ^c. 8. Nepetides. All the Genera excluded by the aboue characters ; and they are yet very nu- merous. I shall increase the 108 Genera of Ben- tham to about 160 ; but most of the N. G. be- ong to Unilabiates or Salvides or Phlomis ^c^ 757. Teucrium Raf. non L, et auct. I con- fine this G. to the Species with cal. urceolatus, CENT. VIII. 85 5dent. eq. cor. lab. sup- vix nullo, infero lobato concavo, fl. racemosis. Types T. flavum, fruticosum, canadense, virginicum, and sga e- ral sp. blended with these, see my new flora. 758. ScoRODONiA Ad. diff, 757. cal. tubul. in- curvus ineq. sub labiato, dentis Sineq. — Types Sc. trivialis, massiliense, sicula, arduini 4«c, and other blended sp. 759. Chamedrys Tourn. diff. 757,cal. tubul. lanato subintegro, cor. lab. supero brevis sed evidens dilatato, /?. axill. et glomeratis. Types Ch. marum^ polium, capitatum, creticum, quadrulum, hetonicif. nissolianum, latif. montanum, pumilum &c. 3. subg. 1. Polium fl. cap. 3 Marum fl. racem. 3 Chamedrys fl. vertic axill. 760. Trixago Raf. (n. antic.) Iva Dillen non L. diff. 757. cal. gibboso, inflato tubul. 5 dent, connivens, fl, axill. Types T. botrys scordium^ «fcc. 761. Melosmon Raf. (n. diosk) difl: 757. cal. amplo campanulato 5fido eq. lOstriato, dentis carinatis, fl. axill. Types M. bicolor, rotundi- fol. campanul. orientale, «^c. 762. ScoRBioN Raf. (n. diosk) diff. 757. cal. curvus striatus, apex camp. Sdent. ineq. 1 sup. major, 4 inf. spiuosis, cor. basi globosa.^. axill — Type Scr. spinosum; but several sp. are blended under Teucrium Spinosum. 763. MoNiPsis Raf (single form) diff. 757. cal. camp. 5fido subeq. ut in 761, cor. tota uni- labiata, lab, sup, nullo, lab. inf labelliforme 51o- bo, lob. ultimo major, stam. et stylis superisad- scendens, fl^ axill— Type M. orchidea Raf. Teucr. do Lind. b, reg. 1255. frutex, fol, obi, obtus. sessil. glaucis subint, fl, axill. solit. sess. carneis. Chili, 8C FLOR. TELL Thus I have tried to revise Teucrium into 7 Genera ; but all the sp. must be examined again, Linneus had 35 sp. Schreber in mono- gr. unilab, and Vitman 26 more, Persoon 69 in all : we have nearly 100, of which but few are completely described. According to Smith several belong to Ajuga, such as T, iva, lax- mani, chamepytis, and salicifolium, but this last has 4fid calix ! if so it is a Subgenus, Vimener- ha Raf. 764. Origanum Raf. non L. one of the ab- surd linnean Genera formed upon mere habit and the strobilaceous inflorescence, and there- fore including many distinct G, I confine the name to the sp, with calix tubulose equal 5 dentate, such as O. vulgare, humile, glandulo- sufti, americanum, &c, and akin. The Au- thors having neglected to describe the Corol- las of the sp. many genera are yet hidden there- in perhaps, such as Zatarendia R. type O. egyptiacum L. Oroga Lobel. type O. hereaelontica. 765. Amaracus Mench. cal. tubul. Sdentes ineq. supera major labiatiformis, cor. basi sac- cata, faux compressa — Type Am. dictamnus and sipyleus. 766. Majorana Raf. cal. urceolatus bilabi- ato, lab. sup. magno integro, lab. inf. parva dentata — Type M, fragrans Orig. majorana L. 2 M, suffruticosa. Orig. majoranoides W. 3. M. tenuifolia, 4 Syriaca ? &c. 767. Onites Raf. cal. bilabiato,labissubeq. subintegris — Type Onites tomentosa Rah Orig. onites L. &c. 768. Beltokon Raf. (n. gr.) differs from 764 by Corolla ealearata ut in Plectranthus ! — Type jB, Tourneforti Raf. Origanum do auet. CENT. Till. 87 —Many other genera will probably be requir- ed, the Audibertia of Bentham would have been an Origanum for the linneists, although diandrous ! 769. Phlomis Raf, non L. of all the absurd linnean G. of Labiate this was the worst (ex- cept Salvia) including a crowd of Genera unit- ed by nothing except verticillate flowers. It was . o bad that Brown took away Leucas and Leonotis, I confine my Phlomis by cal. tubulo- sus Sgonus Sdent. equalis, cor. galea compressa emarginata, such as Phi. fruticosa, italica, nis- soli, lychnitis, purpurea, crinita, samia, pungens, lunarifolia &lg. and I establish the following 1 6 genera for the others till 785. 770. Trambis Raf. (n. gr.) cal. tubul. Sgono extus glabro intus hirsuto, 5fido lac. patulis. Galea ovata dentata intus lanata — Types Tr. tuherosa and alpina, both Phlomis of L. and perhaps my Phlomis grandifolia, which is a subgenus Blephiloma see am. flor. and ap- pendix. 771. Clueria Raf. (n. lat) cal. Sdentato eq. lanato, galea ovata plana fimbriata fol. pinna- tis — Type CI. laciniata Raf. 772. Anemitis Raf. (wind plant) cal. den- tib. 5 aristatis pungens subeq. Galea bifida — Type A. rigida Raf. Phlomis herbaventi L. 773. Beloakon Raf. (n. gr.) diff. 772 Galea non bifida, villosa, apice crenata, Ijibio infero latere dentato, lobo lato emarginato — Types B. luteum Raf. Phi. herbaventi Russel fl. alep. t. 16, non L. fol. subsess, ovato lane, acutis serratis, bracteis lanceol. ciliatis. mts of Syria, fl. yellow ; while white and purple in Anemitis rigida, 2. B. tomentosum Raf. Phi. lunarif. Hook. b. mag. 2542. Phi. russeliana Lagasc. not 88 TLOR. TELI,. Russel plantjfol. ovatis serratis ruogosis, subtus tomentosis, bract, lin. lanceol. Spain. 774. Hersilia Raf. (nymph) cal. camp, pro- funde 5fido, galea profundc bipartita. — Type H. hiloha Raf. Phi. do Desf. alt. t. 127. 775. Leonotis Pers. Br. cal. tub. angulato ineq. Sdentato spinoso,dens supero major,Galea elongata concava villosa integra, lab. inf. parvo deflexo trilobo subeq. — Types L. nepetif. 2 L. capensis. (Phi. leonitis L.) 3 caribea '/ cal. in- ciirvus, subg. Eupalus. 776. Hemisodon Raf. (half. eq. teeth) difF. 775. cal. tubulosus regularis lOdent. 5 dent. alt. minor — Type H. leonurus Raf. Phi. do L. Le- onotis do. Br. b. mag. 478. 777. Blandina Raf. (Nymph) cal. campan. subinfuncjib. lOdent. 5 alt. minor, cor. an idem 775 ? — Types Bl. bijlora and chinensis. Phlo- mis do W. Stachys Forst. Leucas of Brown. 778. IsoDECA Raf. cal. obi. lOstriatus, 10 dentatus equalis. galea integra — Near to He- misodon and Marrubium, but this last has bifid Galea. Type /. flaccida Raf. Leucas do Br, fol. ovatis membranaceis, verticillis multifloris. India. 779. Leucasia Raf. diff. 778. cal. obliquo 10 dentis subineq. — Type L. zeylanica Brown, Leonurus indicus L. Leucas was too short a name, root of Leucadendron and Leucanthes. 780. Hetrepta Raf. diff. 778, cal. obi. stri- ato 7dentes inequalis — JEZ. lavandulifolia Raf. Leucas do Br. Sm. 781. Eneodon Raf difF. 778 cal. membran- aceo truncato obliquo. striato, 9 dentes ineq. — Type E, urticif. Phlomis do W. P. 782. Elbunis Raf (n. gr.) diff. 778. cal. campanul, faux obliqua Sdent: subeq. cor. lobo CENT. VIII. 89 medio ad lab. inf. obcordato major — Type E. alba Raf. Plilomis do W. &.c Leucas Br. 783. DoRicLEA Raf. (nymph) diff. 778. cal. obliquato unilabiato 3dcntato — D. indica Raf. Phlomis do L. &c. 784. Heptrilis Raf. (7-3lip) cal. campan, bilabiato, lab. sup. 7dentato, lab. inf. 3dent. aristatis, cor. lobo medio ad lab. inf majus ob- cordato— H. glahrata Raf, Phi. do W. Leucas Br. 785. DicTiLis Raf. (net lip) cal. campan, bilabiato, labis integris, supero ovato acuto, in- Zero dilatato membranaceo reticulato undulate Hon dentato — D. molucoides Raf. Phi. do Vahl. W. P. Leucas Br, Cliiwpodium frutico- sum Forsk. fol. ovatis, vertic. multifl, bracteis setaceis. Arabia, 786. Vleckia Raf. 1808 (hot. Van Vleck) Lophanthus Benth. 1828' non Lophanthus Forst. 1780, This G. was ascertained by me in 1802, Bentham long after not knowing of my name, gave it that of Lophanthus already em- ployed by Forster, whose genus had wrongly been united to Waltheria by Wild. Many types, Vlechia chinensis, inultijlora (Nepeta.) nepetoides, scrofularif. anisata, urticifolia^ all Loph. of B. besides my N. sp. VI. cordata, alba, parmfolia see my new flora: united to Ne- peta and Hyssopus by L. distinct by lab. in- fero dilat. crenato, stam. divergens, antheris lo- culis paralelis. 787. Hemistegia R. (half over) Labiate, Salvian — cal. urceol bilab. sup. integro. infero bifido. Cor. tubul bilab. galea recta integra, labello. patulo apice pandurato 41obo, lobis subeq. stam. 2 elongata, appendice piano, stylo apice barbat. stig. lateralis acuto. Ovarium su- 12 90 PLOR. TELL pra seniitecto lobo ovato intus septifero ad me- dio, sem. 4 semitectis — Type H. mexicana Raf. Salvia do L. auct, on which I have ascer- tained this singular structure of Ovary upon the living plant. Many other sp. probable pos- sess the same new Organ, which is similar to a septiferous valve of half a capsule, being a pas- sage to the capsular structure. Something sim- ilar was found by Bentham in his N. G. Phy- sostegia but reduced to a clavate gland. All the sp, of Salvia must be now examined to as- certain if thoy possess it, or what kind of disk. 788. Salvia Raf. non L. The >S^. officinalis and sp. agreeing with it must form this reduced G. 200 sp. of Sages have been united to it, that ha^fe nothing in common except the appenda- ges to the stamens, which form a good charac- ter for a family, not for a Genus, which must agree in all parts of fructification ! The G. Sclarea, Jungia,Glutinaria,Schraderia of Heis- ter must all be restored and properly fixed. I had formed 17 Genera out of Salvia, as early as 1810, 1 shall now give some striking types out of them like my Hemistegia and the next G. till 800. 789. CoDANTHERA Raf. cal. tubul. bilab. 3 fido. cor. longe tubulosa galea integra, labello brevis 31obo. stam. 2 elong. appendices clava- tis, antberis campanulatis \ frutic, fl. term. — striking G. by the singular anthers. Types 1. C glabra Raf. Salvia strictiflora Hook. b. m. 3135. suffrut glabra, fol. ovatis cordatis obt. serratis, vertic. paucifl. Tucuman. 2 C. hijlo^ ra Raf. Salvia do R. P. tubiflora Sm. frutic. villosa, fol. villosis cord. obt. serratis, vertic. bi- floris. Peru. T90. Belospis Raf. (arrow ap.) cal. colorato CENT. VIII. 91 tubul. bilab. sup. major integro, inf. vix bident. cor. fiisiformis, galea concava Integra, label, subeq. Slobo. filam. dilatatis planis, appendices sagittatis, stylo piibescens. jl. racemosis brae- teatis — Type B. lemgata Raf. Salvia do Kunth t. 147. spr. Salvia involucrata Cav. W. b. m. 2872, b. reg. 1203 fol. ovat. acum. serr. bracteis coloratis deciduis,vertic. 6fl. Mexico, scarlet fl. and bracts. 791. PiARADENA Raf, (thick gland) diff. 787. cor. ventricosa, labello trilobo, appendicis spa- tulatis, disco antice glandula magna munito^ stylo villoso — Here we have a glandular disk instead of the valved one of Hemistegia. Type P. fulgens Cav. W. b. reg. 135. s. Cardinalis Kunth 1. 152 seen alive. 792. Lasemia Raf. (hairy half) cal. tubul, 2 lab. 1 et 2 dent. cor. brevis, tubo inflato, basi intus bidentatus, galea fornicata, integra, lab. 31obo, lobo medio magno flabellato emarg. ap- pendices parvis, stylus subtus villosus, glandulis nuUis — Type L. coccinea Raf. Salvia grahami, Benth. bot. reg. 1370. frutex, fol. pet. ovat, obt. crenatis, racemis verticil. Mexico, fl. scarlet. This G. is well marked by style, lip and tube : seen alive. 793. AiTOPsis Raf (n. gr.) cal. camp, bilab. 1 et 2 lobo. cor. brevis. galea erecta integra, la- bello 41obo pandurato obcordato ut 787. stam. erectis flexuosis, appendices clavatis, stylo gla- bro, sem. triquetris levis — near 787 by Corolla, but calix, tube, app. style and seeds different. Type A. foliosa Raf Salvia do Benth b. reg, 1429. fol. petiol. ovato serrat. pubesc. racemo vertic. Mexico, fl. azure. 794. Calospiiace Raf (subg. Benth) near last diff. cal. tubul. striatus, galea concava. 92 FLOR. TELL. This includes the many narrow leaved sp. blended and confused as S, angustif. virgata, reptans^ azurea^ acuminata &:c, of which I possess many, see my new flora. 795. KiosMiNA Raf. (n. gr.) cal. tubul. 3 dent. eq. cor. brevissima, galea acuta villosa, la- bello vix 31obo — Type Salv, hispanica and akin sp. 796. Melligo Raf. (n. lat) cal. tubul. 3fido vix bilab. galea emarg. labio trilobo. filam. basi connatis ! appendices glanduliformis — Type Salvia amena and akin sp. 797. Larnastyra Raf. (cells cross) cal, camp, angul. bilab. sup. Sdentato. inf. 2fido ; cor. tubulosa, galea ovata emarg. labio trilobo^ medio emarg. filam. cruciferis, antheris loculis % valde separatis, uno interdum sterile, appen- diculis nullis, sem. uniangulata — Types JL. ly- rata, claytoni, verbenacea, urticifolia^ndica ? and other akin species of Salvia. 798. Flipanta Raf [nymph] cal. tubul. ID gonus, brevi 5dent. subeq. spinulosis : cor. ga- lea compressa villosa, labio trilobo, medio con- cavo emarg. sem. 2-4 — Type Fl. ovata Raf. Salvia spielmani Scop. del. t. 15. Vitm. caule rigido ramoso piloso^ fol. ovatis crenatis rugo- sis, ft. vertie. nudis. Africa, flowers violet. 799. Enipea Raf [nymph] cal. urceol. trilo- bo subeq. cor. galea recta compressa barbata, labio dependens villoso trilobo, medio vix ma- jor emarg. — Type E. formosa R. Salvia do Lher. t.21. Wild. Curtis b. m. 376. Salv. nodo- sa fl. peruv. &c, suffiutic. fol. subcord. fl. axilL et vertie. Peru, fragrant shrub. 800. Elelis Raf. [Salv. grec] cal. bilab. 5 dent. 3fido et 2fido, galea compressa integra^ labio cuculato subrot, emarg. lobis lat. fajcatisj CENT. VIII. 93 stam. 2 exerta divaricata, appendices calcari- formis marginatis, disco carnoso — Type E, austriaca Raf. Salvia do L. auct. often iigured with akin sp. that may offer the same striking characters in corolla and stamens : the thick disk approximates to the glandular disk of Piaradena. APPENDIX. These axamples are sufficient to evince how many fine Genera are involved in Salvia, nearly as many as in all the other diandrous Lahiate. To regulate the whole tribe will be a task for Bentham or Decandole, since the flowers of nearly all must be examined alive to detect the disk and forms of appendages. Although I have 70 sp. in my Herbarium, 1 find that it is not easy to determine the Genera in the dry state : yet I will indicate for further study some of the main essential distinctions of other new Genera, or subgenera of mine, 1. Oboskon cal. bipartitis, stylis 2! Salvia cretica. 2. Hematodes. Galea compressa falcata, la- bio lobo medio saccato emarg. Salvia hema- todes, indica &c. 3. Glutinaria. cal. trilobus, galea falcata, labio lobo medio crenato. Salvia glutinosa et alia sp. 4. Crolocos cal. camp, membranaceo 31obo. Salvia aurea, colorata, pomifera, calicina, 5. Megyathus cal. camp, patens 5dent. ineq. galea bifida, labio trilobo. S. acetabulum Slc. 6. Ormiastis cal. ovato inflate subintegro, cor. brevis, fol. pinnatis, S. pinnata, 7. Rhodormis cal. ©amp. ringens, cor, la- 04 FLOR. TBLL. bio undulato, fol. pinnatis. S, roscfolia. 8. SoBiso cal. bilab. Sclent, cor. ringens, fol» pinnatis. Salvia japonica Tli. 9. ScLAiiEA. cal. camp. 5dent. ineq. spinosis, galea brevis compressa emarg. labio lobis lat, deflexis, medio bilobo crenato Salvia spinosa^ sclarea, tingitana, triloba i^c, 10. Terepis. Galea falcata bifida, labio 4 lobo pandurato, subscaposu. Type S, fors- Jealei, ^c. 11. Ormilis. cal. reflecto in fructo! , , , S. Jiorminum, viridis, 12. Pleudia, Galea brevissima emarg. la- bio concavo ut Nepeta, stam. plerumque 4 fer- tilis ! S. egyptiaca &c. 13. Euriples. cal. camp, stam. appendices foliosis. Type E. rugosa Raf. Salvia sibthor- pi fi. gr. t. 22. caule ramoso subaphylo, fol. ra-* die. cord, lobatis crenatis rugosis. Zante. 14. Epiadena. cal. camp, bilab, 3dent. et bifido, galea falcata compressa, labio trilobo saccato emarg. reflexis, filam. arcuatis supra glandulis insertis, et basi appendices malleatis, disco glanduloso et semitecto. Type. E. bi- color Raf. Salvia do Desf. t. 2. Parad. lond. t. 93. fol. cord. obi. repandis dentatis hirsutis ru- gosis, fl. racemosis vertic. 6fl. Atlas, beautiful flowers blue and white. 1 5. Addition to 415 — Polygonum arifolium of Japan is totaly different from the N. Amer. being a subgenus of Helxine, only difference stam. 7. I call it Tasoba from the Japanese name, and the P. sagittatum of Thunberg, not Linneus, belong to the same — 1 Helxine (Tas- oba) arifolia Raf. Ramis heterogonis aculea- tis. fol. hastatis acum. villosis strigosis, stipulis ciliatis truncatis, fl. glomeratis alternis. 2 Hel- CENT. Tin. 95 ^itie (Tasoba) sagittata Raf. ramis 4gonis scabris, fol. sagittatis subtus pallidis, stipulis bi- fidis inflatis, fl. capitatis globosis, bracteis ova- tis acutis. Both in Japan, see Thunberg fl. Jap. 16. Addition to 418 — Polygonum filiforme of Japan is not a Chulusium ; but another N. G. according to Thunberg's description. I will call it SuNANiA FiLiFORMis, dedicated to Su- nan a Japanese Botanist, cal. 4part. ineq (ut in Tovara) stam. 5 ineq. stylis 2, sem. compressa subtriquetra. Habit of Tovara,stam. and seeds different. Fol. ovatis, stipulis ciliatis inflatis, spicis filiformis. 17. Addition to 770 — Blephiloma Raf. (oil. edge) cal. tubulosus membran. glaber, non an- gul. subinfl. subincurvus, apex obliquatus 5 dent. ineq. subul. margine et dentis ciliatis. cor. incurva, galea concava emarg. villosa, margine dense fimbriato, labello brevis 31obo medio emarg. stam. glabris, Herbaceus, fol. cord.fl. vertic. — This may well be a Genus of itself likewise rather than subg. The type is a new N. Amer. plant, while no other Phlomis has been found in this continent. Bl. amplifolia Raf. fol, inf. amplis petiolatis cordatis deltoi- deis crenatis obtusis glabris, fol. floralis sessilib. parvis ovatis dentatis acutis, verticillis multifl. bracteis cal. eq. linear, ciliatis. In Texas and Arkanzas, 3 to 4 feet high,lower leaves 8 to 13 inches long, 6 to 10 broad, corolla white incar- nate : seen alive in gardens. END OF THE THIRD PART. 90 flff^Ol^ ©IF rUE Qi[Mi[^Z^p Sac. IN CENTURIES 5, 6, 7, 8, Families are in Capitals, Synonyms in Italics. ACHYRANTHIDIA, 520. Acliyranthes 539, 552. Adenopa 527. Adike 593. Aitopsis 793. Albuca 608-14. Alocasia 668. Aloitis 450, 3. Alsine 742. Alsinidia 516. Allotria 694. Amaraca 765. Amaranthus 555, 58. Amaranthidia 519. Amblogyna 557. Amarella 440, 49. Amphipleis 714. Analiton 561. Ananthopus 690. Andaca 746. Aneraitis 772. Anisanthera 740. Antenoron411. AntJiericum 613, 615, 640, 642. Anthopogon 471, 2. Arenaria 743. Arkopoda 705. Arisarum 661. Arum 661 to 678. Arosma 673, 5. Asicaria 404. Astrocarpus 708. ATRIPLEXIA 569. Aurota 655. Barnard ia 604. Basellides 571. Beloakon 773. Belospis 790. Beltokon 768. Belutta 536, 8. BiLABIATA 75 G. Bistorta 411. Blandina 777. Blenocoes 7l6. Blephiloma 770, ap. 17. Blitides 574. Blondia 279 (omited) Borboya 606. Borrago 740. Brunellides 756. Cadelaria 539 to 542, Caladium 672. Calla 679. Calosphace 704. Calostima 590. Campanula 748. Catiscora ,599. Capnorea 513 Caraxeron 53,5. Celosia 536, 560, 66, Celosidia 559. INDEX. 97 Ohanicdrys 75i). Chctropis 742. Cliiophila 45G, Ohironia 490-08,725. Chlora 499, 5((0. Cliondropsis 492. Chulusium 418. Cicendia 474. Ciminalis 439. Glinopodiuni 785. Clueria 751. Cnopos 414. Coccolaba 408. Codanthera 789. Codivalia 543. Cohiba 715. Coilosperma 564. Colocasia 671. Commelina 683 to 699. CORISPERMIDES 575. Crolocos, ap. 4, Cummingia 654, Cu7iilci 750. Ciirculigo 655, 6. Outlera 441, 454, Cutubea 727. Dasistepha 437, 486. Decringia 565. Dcsmesia 662, 4. DiANDRIDIA 753. DiANTIIlDIA 517. Dictilis 785. Dioctis 423. Diodcilis 650. DlONIDIA 518. Dimcianthus 555. 13 Dipetalia 707. Diploma 438, 484, 5. Dirtca 589. Discolcnta 421, 430, Dismophyla 524. Disynoina 745. Disyiistylis 500. Ditclesia 688. Doriclea 783. Dracunculus 669, Drimla 650. Drosera 523 to 531. Droseridia 522. Eclotoripa 546-8. Elbunis 782. Elclis 800. Eliokarmos 643-6. Elodes 730-1. Emcx 580. Empetridia 633. Endoplectris 636. Eneodon 781. Enipea 799. Epiadena ap. 14, Epimedium 636. Episiphis 729. Erythrea 457. Eudesmis 741. Eudiplcx 533. Eiicapnia 712. Eudipetala 685. Eulcucum 634. Eupalus 775. Eupodia 493. Euriplcs, ap. 13. Eutralia 582. 98. INDEX. Euxolus 550. Evfilthc 725. Exaciim 483, 492, 726- to 728. Fagopyron 402. Filicirna 528-31. Flipanta 798, Gardoquia 750 to 52. Gentiana 435 to 489, Glutinaria, ap. 3. Gomphrena 723. GOMPHRENIDIA 534, Gonipia 457 to 465, Gononcus 433, Helxine 403. Hematodes, ap. 2. Hemisodon 776. Hemistegia 787, Heptarina 422. Heptrilis 484. Hersilia 774. Heteroclita 483. Heterostima 756. Hetrepa 780. Hexastylis 706. Hipion 440. Homaida 662. Hopea 598, Hyacinthus 606, 700. Hyparete 566. Hypericum 729 to 739, Hypoxis 741. Iresine 563. Isgarum 583. Isodcca 778. Karkinetron 406-8. Kiosmina 795. Kokira 545. Komana 734. Kniffa 739. Kunokale 409. Labiata 753. LacJienalia 653, Lamarkia 709. Lampetia 514. Larigsdoriia 711. Laothoe 615. Larnalles 597-9. Larnastyra 797. Lasemia 792. Ledebourca 640. Lemotrys 601. Leonotis 775. Leonurus 779. Lepinema 480. Leucas 775 to 785. Leucasia 779. Leucoryne 657, Licinia 641. Linum 502 to 509. LiNIDIA 501. Lithocnide 591. Lithophila 567. LOBOGYNIA 753. Lomaresis 647. Loncomelos 660. Loncoxis 642. Lopkanthus 786. Lophoxera 560. INDEX. 99 Lorcia 748. Lotus 746. Mancoa 631 . Manetta 638. Mcgasea 724. Mcgotigea 726. Mcgyathus, ap. 5. Meiapinon 505. Mclargyra 743. Melanthium 640. Melissa 750. Melligo 796, Melomphis 648, Melosma 761. Mcnophyla 576, Mesyniiim 507-9. Mitesia 424, 431. Mollugo 515. MOLLUGIDIA 510, Monipsis 763. Monosteria 597, Narketis 477-9. Nemallosis 511-13. Nepetides 752. Nephralles 695. Nibo 578, Nicipe 622. Nicotiana 709 to 722. Nierembergia 709. Ninanga 723. Numisaurum 502-4, Oblixilis 596. Oboskon, ap. 1. OCYMIDES 756. Ofaiston 584. Onefera 494. Onites 767. Oplothcca 723. Origanum 760-64. Ormiastis, ap, 6. Orniilis, ap. 11. Ornithogalum 616 623, 643 to ()49. Oroga 764, Ovidia 683. Oziroe 616. Parrasia 725, Patientia 582, Pectanisia 704. Pedalium 404, Peltandra 670. Pentocnide 592. Pentrius 555. Perieteris 711. Versicaria 420. Petalanisia 737. Petunia 709. Peutalis 420. Parnaceum 512. Vhiloxerus 535. Phlomis 769 to 785. Phylepida 553, Phytolaca 627. Piaradena 791. Pioriza 436. Piercea 631. Pilasia 613. Pladera 599. Pleienta 497. to 100 Plciodonfcs 736. Plcutlia, ap. 12. Pleurcnodon 738. Plcuroglossa 436. Pleurostcna 41 S. Plurimaoia 499. Pneumondnthc 440, 487- Pogalis 425. Pngoblephis 476. Pogomesia 681. Polygonum 401 to 434. Polygonella 405. POLYGONIDES 573, POLYCNEMIDES 570. PllASIDES 756. Provcnzalia 679. Psalina 466. Quamasia 602. Rafinesquia 750. Kaxamaris 634. Reseda 702 to 70S. Resedinia 701. Rhodoptera 579. Rhomphalis 668. Rhodormis ap. 7. Ricoila 455. Rivina 631-2. RiVINIDIA 630. Rocslinia 495. Rorella 523. Rossolis 526. Riimcx 576 to 582. Sabbatia 496. Salicornia 586. Salsola 5S4 to 587. Salsoltues 572. Salvia 787 to 800, app. Sarothra 732. Sarcathi'ia 587. Sarcoca 628. Saticocidia 626. Saxifraga 724. SOHINIDIA 729. Sclarea, ap. 9. SCLEUANTHIDIA 521. Scorbioa 762. Scorodouia 758. Sebaca 727. Scgumum 677- Selepsion 595. INDEX. 8, ap. Sidt^rasis 680. Siphaulax 710. Siplioncma 717. Skilla 639. Sobiso, ap. 8. Spcrmaulaxcn 416. Stcircmis 549 to 552. Stciroptilus 665. Stimenes 6 22. Stimomphis 720 Stimoryiie 721. Stopinaca 405. Strepsiphyla 650. Streptalon 736. Sunania, app. 16. Synanduihes 756- Tamarixia 532. Tasoba, ap. 15. Tclipodus 676. Tenicroa 611- Tepliis 494. Tereianthus 703. Terepes, ap. 10. Terojjia 635. Teucrium 757 to 7^, Thlaspi 745. Thtmides 756. Thylacitis 439, 467 to 470, Tomaris 782. Tomoa;i3 618-21. Tovara 412. Tracaulon 415. Tradescantia 680-2. Trambis 770. Tretorhiza 475. Triadenum 730. Triallosia 652. Trichopetalon 641. Tridesma 735. Trikalls 587. Triteleia 658, 700. Trixago 760. Tropitria 682. Tulbella 436. Tulophos 700. Uniiabiata 752. Uropetalon 605. Urtica 588 to 596. Vanessa 638 (Vanasta) Vibones 577. Vimcnei'ba 763. Vleckia 786. Wadupuo 723. Xerandra 562. Xolecnia 454, 489. Zatarendia 764. FLORA TELLURIANA CENTUR. I.— XII. MANTISSA SYNOPTICA. 2000 N. Ord.— N. Gen.— N. Sp. IN ORBIS TELLURIANUM. Detcrni. coll. inv . ohs. et. descr. Ann. 1796—1836. Auctore C. S. RAFINESQUE, Bot. Prof, PHILADELPHIA. 1836- Les noms font les choses. Names realize Entities. Plus nos noms sont generaux, plus non idees sont incompletes. — Plus nous avons de noms, plus elles se completent. Lamark, Leach, &.c. FLORA TELLURIANA PAHS IV ET ULT. a^^W^I^S ^^a]> ^^-^1^ ^^^^ OF THE SYNOPTICAL FLORA TELLURIANA, CENTURIES IX, X, XI, XIL With new Natural Classes, Orders and Fam- ilies : containing the 2000 new or revised Gen- era and Species of Trees, Palms, Shrubs, Vines, Plants, Lilies, Grasses, Ferns, Algas, Fungi, &c, from North and South America, Polynesia, Australia, Asia, Europe and Africa, omitted or mistaken by the Authors, that were observed or ascertained, described or revised, collected or figured, between 1796 and 1836. BY C. S. RAFINESaUE, A. M. Prof, of Botany, historical and natural sci- ences— member of many learned Societies in Paris, Vienna, Bruxelles, Bonn, Bordeaux Zurich, Naples, ^c. Philadelphia, New Yoik Cincinnati, Lexington, &,c. To observe and compare, to correct or approve By good names and new facts that convince and improve. PHILADELPHIA- PRirVTED FOK THE AUTBBOR Bif H. Prohasco, No. 119, N. Fourth St. 1 8:S6. NOTICE. This fourth part of the Flora Telluriana will conclude the work. It had been intended to divide it into 6 parts ; but even these could not contain all what I have to add or correct on the Orders, Genera and Species of the whole world and all the classes of Vegetation : therefore it is better to limit this Work to Plants and Lilies chiefly ; while I mean to publish sepa- rate Works additional to this on the Trees and Shrubs or a Sylva Telluriana, on the Ferns and Grasses, Fungi and Algas, with perhaps Monographs of some peculiar Families of great interest, and probably a complete account of my ISew Class of the Nantiandres, having stamens alternate to calix or opposite to corol- las, contrary to the usual order. The price of this work will still be $ 5 or $40 for 10 copies, only IGO copies were printed, which makes it high, as but few copies can be sold in America, where Botanists cannot duly appreciate it, and they must l)e sent to Europe, to be often exchanged instead of sokL PREAMBLE. TO THE FOURTH AND LAST PART. ' In the process of this work I have met with many interruptions and disappointments. It is neither easy nor agreeable to stem the current of botanical errors and blunders, and whoever swims against the streams of scientific prejudice may reckon on difficulties. I have met such in all my attempts to increase and correct know- ledge ; but I persevere nevertheless, and write for posterity rather than the actual Schools. I feel that my weary labors are not now appre- ciated except by a few, but am confident that in 50 years hence they vnW be more valued. Of this I have received already some assuran- ces, when young and skilful Botanists have partly approved and adopted my views, v Meantime I must again repeat that whatever I now state or correct, had been mostly done by me between 1808 and 1815 chiefly, when I had matured my botanical reforms as stated in my Analysis of nature 1815. I then possessed the ample materials of all the works of Wildenow, the great dictionary and illustrations of La- mark and Poiret, Martyn's large edition of Mil- lers in 4 volumes Folio, and the New Diction- ary of Natural History in 24 vol. 8vo . . . be- sides many rare and valuable works . , . which were lost with my Mpts. in my Shipwreck of 1815. Having thereby been thrown back upon the world and entered new paths of life, I could only gradualy collect again my materials, and restore my labors imperfectly. Yet I have >ince then consulted and studied manv other O PREAMBLE. modern labors similar to mine, without finding the same accuracy and perspicuity of Generic reform. Wiiile it is with tlie utmost difficulty I can obtain even for rnoneij some late works of similar tendency, although 1 try to correspond direct with the Authors. Therefore I distinctly state here again, that my feelings being of the most liberal and friend- ly kind for all Botanists and Naturalists, all over the Earth, if my labors ever interfere with theirs it must be accidentaly and unknowingly, either because my CJenera were those establish- ed by me between 1806 and 1815, or because I have not obtained yet their works, although willing to buy them or exchange them with mine, unless they be too costly like Audubon or Jacquin — I hereby call publicly upon all synop- tical and improving Botanists (and even Zoolo- gists and Oryctologists) such as Agardh, De- candole, Endlicker, Schreber, Sprengel, Fries, R. Brown, Lindley, Hooker, Don, Sweet, Ar- nott, Bentham, Nees, Fischer, Link, Tenore, Ledebour, Blume, Martins, St. Hilaire, Bory, &c . . , with others unknowu to me by name as yet, to send me their works in exchange of mine and also to exchange specimens. I have been permanently established in Philadelphia again since 1826, and shall' probably ever continue here, although I may become connected v^^ith various literary institutions, particularly the Central University of Illinois of which I am one of the founders. Books sent me for the University will be free of duties, and equaly re- ceived in exchange. When I have accumulated all the latest Ma- terials or Genera, and the great work of De- candole is completed, I may then revise the PKEAMBLE. 7 whole, connect naturaly the scattered Genera, and add the needful corrections. I have been called already a Veteran in Natural Sciences even by my foes, I hope to become the Nestor of Botany like Adanson Was, and if my zeal does not abate, to publish in 1850, a real Man- tissa of all Botanical Genera till then. Meantime I proceed with my Neic Flora and New Sylca of North America^ and am now preparing a peculiar work on the Ferns of North America and other parts. I am going to reprint all my early essays on Botany and Zoology, as my Amenities of Nature. I have begun my Mantissa of Zoology.^ or new or revised Genera of all classes, many also framed previous to 1815. My Historical and Philosophical Works are also proceeding, I shall publish my Celestial Philosophy^ and my Genius or Sj?irit of the Hebrew Bible, preparing afterwards my good Book of Knowledge and Wisdom to be pro- bably issued periodicaly, and including the re- storation or increase of much knowledge on all Sciences whatever. These vast labors, besides those of private life, in order to obtain the means to produce my works, at my own expense chiefly (since they are too good and too learn- ed for the vitiated scale of our publishers) have partly induced me to curtail the actual work, and conclude it here ; but to continue it in another form or reproduce the additions as a Sylva Telluriana and otherwise. Althongh the articles are now only 1200, yet they include with the species and subgenera, orders &c, 2000 or more added or revised objects and groups. 8 FLORA TELLUR. FLORA TELLURIANA, CENTURIA IX MONOCOT. Number 801. Otosma Raf. (ear scented) diff. from 679, spatha lata cuculata basis con- voluta, spadix clavato, apice nudo, pistillis inf. subrot. stylosis, antheris truncatis sup. baccis 1 loc. 6-12 sp. sem. teret. oculatis. Scaposa^ fol indiv. spathis amplis albis odoratis. — I con- tinue here the Aroides, LiHes, and other mo- nocotyles. This Genus blended with Colla of It. is totaly unlike, see my Provenzalia 679, and New Flora N. A. 481 to 485.— Type O. ethiopica R. Calla do. L. auct. fol. cord, sagit. cuspidatis, lobis obt. well known plant of Africa, often cult, seen alive since 1806. 802. Spirospatha R. Spatha spiralis clausa,. spadix obi. pistillis mixtis trilobis, stigma sessile concavo trifido, antheris ad has, mixt. ad ap. solit. baccis Slobis 31ocul-polysp. — Still more unlike Calla with flat spatha, no style, berries yellow uniloc, Type Sp. occulta R. Calla do Loar. Sm. fol. ovat. cord, petiolis canaliculatis. — From Anam. Perhaps the Artim Spirale of Retz Vitm. Sm. is a 2d sp. with lanceol leaves and sessile flowers. 803. Fleurospa R. difl*. fiom Caladium and Colocasia by the flowers unilateral on one side of the spadix, and stem friitesccnt. — The sin- gular structure of spadix requires attention, per- haps several Genera and Species blended as Arum arborcscens L. Types 1. PL reticulata R. fol. sagittatis, spadix reticul- the linnean sp. of South America, stem Gpedal, leaves pedal, flowers white inside green outside, base dark CJGNTURIA IX. 9 purple. — 2 PL cordlfolia Raf. fol. cordatis, spadix non reticuK Madagascar, flowers fra- grant. 804. DoxosMA R. (glorious smell) diff*. Epi- dendrum^ anthera 4 loc. pollinis 4 unident. co- lumna teres margine auricul. stigma trilobo. Terrestris, Acaulls JL racem. fragrantissi- mis. — Probably several sp. Type D. gracilis R. Ep. do bot. reg. 1765. fol. lane, et ensif. racemo longissimo, sepalis cuneatis, labello trilobo, lobo medio obov. dentate costato — Beautiful plant of Antilles, scape 3 feet higb, fl. yellow. Lind- ley translated gracilc graceful instead of slen- der ! Ep. odoratissinmm is probably a 2d sp. 80.5. Synadena R. (united gland) diff". Epi~ detidriim, sepalis ineq. 2 later, orbicul. 3 ova- tis minor, label, tripart. medio hastate bifido, basi liber, unguic. glandula magna bifida gerens ad apice columna connexa. Acaidis scapo ra- nioso. — Type ;S*. amahills (Ep. do. L. auct.) fol. lato lanceol. carnosis. Molucas, figin-ed by Rumph. G. t. 43. large white fragrant flowers. 806. Xaritoma R. (nympha) difl*. Epiden- drum, sepalis 4 ineq. patens, labello bifido in- cluso. Parasitica acaidis raceniosa — Type X. elegans Raf. Epid. 4petalum Jaq. am. 142, pict. 216. Yitm . . . fol. subul. carinatis, scabro- punct. racemo sub-IOfl — Jamaica &-c. fl. fra- grant variegated of purple and yellow. The whole G. Epidendrum requires revision as it was quite artificial: this Gr. deviates even from the usual Orchidea having only 5 sepals besides the lip. See other G. below. 807. Taiimastos R. (Iris gr.) Cal. Ssepalis carinatis. Cor. petalis 3 unguicul. cord, retusis. stam. 3 basi monadelphis, stig. 3 simpl. cetera 2 iO FLORA TELLUR. ut Iris et Sysir. — Quite a peculiar Genus near to my Olsijnium new fl. Type T. compressus Raf. Libertia iridea Grab, in bot. mag. 3294. Caule compr. folioso, fol. gladiatis uninervis acutissimis. From Magellania, fl. white. Of nat. family Galaxidia while Libertia belongs to Irides by free stamens and Corolla Gparted. 808. AuLicA Raf. diff. Amaryllis. Cor. se- palis 6 ineq. ringens, ineq. stam. ineq,. declin. glandulis angul. ad basi stam et stylo, stig. 3 acutis,caps 3gona. Scapo tereto 2Jl. — Although the G. Amaryllis has been so much reformed by the English botanists, it includes yet many anomalous sp. since Hooker in 1834 gives it 6 variable characters Cor. subeq. vel. ringens ! fauce nuda vel sguaml stam. declin vel recta ! what absurdity ! The Am. aulica and akin sp. must form a peculiar group, of which I will give 2 types. 1. A. laiifolia R. fol. latis ligula- tis obt. Brazil, large scarlet flowers. The Amar. aulica of Hook. b. m. 3311 — 2. A. stri- ata Raf fol. angustis glaucis viridi — striatis. fig. bot. mag. 2983 — A. platypetala fig. by Lindl. 1038 is a 3d sp. 809. Plectronema R. (spur fil.) cor. basi tubul. limbo Opart, subeq. stam. 6 subeq. fil. curvis basi intus calcaratis, antheris lanceol. stylo declinato, stigma trilobo. Scapis Ifl — The G. Zephyranthes taken from Amaryllis must itself form 5 Genera, the real Zephyranthes with smooth stamens. 2. Atamasco Ad. with short tube, equal fl. and stam, 3d. Pogonema with bearded filaments, type Z. or P. carina- ta, and 4th this with spured filaments. Type P. Candida (Z. do sims b. m. 2607. Amar- do bot. reg. 724) fol. lin. canal, crassis. Buenos Ayres. The 5th G» is the next. CENTURIA iX. 11 810. Mesochloa J?, diff. Zephiranthes, cor. campanul. 6partita sine tubo, basi connivens, stani. 3 longior subeq. 3 minor, antheris renif. stig. 3 clavata — Type M. canaliculata R. (Zeph. mesochloa Herb, in bot. reg. 1361.) fol. •canalic, acutis, spatha lane, ad artic. scapo, ovario turbin . . . Buenos Ayres, fl. white, bulb black. — The G. Haylockia of Herbert differs by 3 stamens only on sepals, fl. tubular at base : it thus belong to Irides instead of Amaryllides, type H. pusilla of B. Ayres, fol. lin. filif. fl. ra- dicalis ochroleucis. 811. Trisacarpis Raf. diff. Amaryllis, cor. 6part. ineq. tubo breviss. ad basis intus corona calyptrata supera, stam. declin. ineq. filif. stig. 3 capsula magna triloba ad basis triscata, sem. <}upl. series plana alata, scapo 2floro. — Very singular and distinct G. so much blended with Amaryllis that a sp. of it was called A. aulical 3 types at least. 1. Tr. Falcata Raf. (A. cal- yptrata, bot. reg. 164 &c) fol. falcatis lanceol. calyptra triangularis. Cape, fl. green. — 2 Tr. rubra R. (A. aulica ker. bot. reg. 444 !) fol. Jane, rectis, calyptra cuculata, sepalis rubris lane. 2 ovatis acum. infero involuto, Brazil — 3 TV. psittacina (A. do. auct.) 812. EusARCOPS Raf. diff. Amaryllis, cor. campanul. ineq. basi tubul. stam. adscendens ineq. stigma clavato. caps, baccata 31oc. sem. baccata paucis globosa nigra in arillis rubris involutis. Scapo multifi. umbell — Type E. reticulata R. (Am. do L'her red, 424. Andr. 179. b. m. 657. b. reg. 352) fol. cuneatis basi canalic. medio albo vittatis, umb. multifl. bract, obi. fl. nutans roseis reticulatis. Brazil, a strik- ing G. by the fruit, yet often figured as an Amaryllis. 12 FLOfe. TELLUR. 813. Laticoma R. diff. Amaryllis, cor. 6 part, unilateralis, stam. declin. remotis filif. stig. 31oba poly sperm a. Scapojl. umbellatis — Type L. compressa Raf. (Am. laticoma E. b. reg. 497.) fol. loricatis, scapo compresso scabro, umb. multifl. S. Africa fine sp. with habit of Brunsvigia, fl. incarnate, sepals with a red nerve. This G. is akin to the Lycoris of Her- bert, the L. or Am. radlata has also unilateral petals (only 5 ! imdul. in the fig. b. mag. 596.) but the stamens are cuneate &/C, is it also a N. G ? Pleurastis Raf. 814. Heuoion R. diff. Aspkodelus, stam. declin. ineq. filif. incurvis, 3 superis brevior, stylo incurvo declin. — II. fiUformis Raf. ( Asph. tenuior bot. mag. 2626) caule folioso, fol. fihfor- mis, fl. luteis. Akin to A. Z««^ei5, but with quite different stamens. Mt. Caucasus. 815. Ifuon R. diff. Asphodelus, Cor, tubu- lar 6fid,not 6parted nor spreading. Type /. nu- tans R. Asph. liburnicus Scop. t. 12. Yitm. W. P. &-C. Caule basi folioso, fol. setaceis sub- trig, f]. pendulis laxis flavis — In Istria, singular G. akin to Borhoya 606. Both Ifuon and Heroion were old grecian names of Asphodelus. 816. EuTEREiA R. (well divided) diff. Dra- €ontium, spatha cucul. spadix tereto undique florifero, cal. campanul. 8-9partitus, stam. 8-9, anth. biloc. biporosis, bacca 31oc. 3sp .Rad, tu- ber, scaposa^fol. divisis. — Type E. nigricans R. Drac. polyphylum L. auct. Scapo breviss. genie, tuberc. fol. laceris, foliolis 3 part, pinna- tif. — South America, with blackish spathas ofl. figured. It is strange that Linneus and all au- thors should have joined this and the next G. to Oracontiura, differing by habit and calix, ber- CENTIJRIA IX. 13 ries &c. The scandent sp. apj3ear the type of Drncontium, which Adanson changed to Mon- stera perhaps a better name. 817. Spathyema Raf. 1803 des ribed 1808. Ictodes Bigelovv 1818, Amer. Authors Dra- contium L. c^c. Pothos of others, Symplocar- pus Sal. 1815, Beck 1833. Spatha ventricosa, spadix pedunc. ovato florifero, cal. 4part. per- sistens, lobis cucul. crass, spongiosis, stam 4. stylo 4gono pyram. baccis uniloc. oligosp. in spadix immersis. Radix crassa,acaulis,fol. simpl. spnthis radicaUs — Very distinct G. shuffled into many, I restore the best and first name given to it in 1803 as soon as observed, meaning winter spatha. There are 3 types at least see my monogr.. N. fl. 1. Sp. latifolla R. Drac. fetidum L. oft. fig. fol. subrotundis sub- cordatis, spatha ovata acum. macul. North America — "Z. Sp. angiista R. fol. ovatis lanceol. spatha angustata. N. Amer. — 3. Sp. lanceo- lata Raf Drac. camchatense L. fol. lanceol. spatha lanceol. apice plana. In Sibiria. 818. Strepsanthera Raf (turned anth.) Raf. diff. Pothos, spatha reflexa plana, spadix tereto elongato, apice masculifero, cal. 4part. crasso truncato ineq. persistens,stam 4 ineq. antheris bilobis reversis (dorso ad pist. opp.) pist. obov. 4gono trunc. stig, sess. punctis. bacca 2loc. 2 sp. sem. tuberc. Parasilica, acaidis, fol. simpl. — Type Str. macrophyla Raf fol. cord. obt. undul. lobis divaric. spatha lanceol. undulata South America, often figured and shuffled in 3 genera. Pothos macrophyla Sw. W. hot. m. 2801. P. grandifol. Jaq. ic. 610. Arum acaule Burm. 36. Dracont. cordatum Aubl. Plum. t. 51, 63 &c. 819. Pothos li, non Ad . . This Linnean G. 14 FLOR, TELLUR. includes many sp. of different habit, the flowers of which have not been well described, and must be examined again, I have taken 3 Gr. out of it already and more may be blended. Po- thos derived from Potha ceylonese name of SGme,the sp. with cal. 4part. 4equal stam. and 2 seeds will belong here ; but Pothos of Adan- son meaning desire in Greek, was the G. Polyanthes. 820. Tapanava Ad. Raf. diff. Pothos, spa- this ovatis carinatis, spadix globoso florifero, cal. 3-4squamoso, stam. squamis 3-4obovatis intus 2polliniferis, stigma sess. umbilic. Bacca Hoc. Isp, scandens, foL simpL disticha, spa- this axillaris. — Several Asiatic sp. blended in Pothos scandens belong here, of which I will give 2 types. 1. T. indica Raf. fol. lane, striat, petiolis elongatis alatis, spathis pedunc. reflexa. Ceylon and Malabar — 2. T. chinensis Raf. (Pothos scandens hot. mag. 1337) fol. lanceol. acum. falcatis, petiolis, brevis obovatis, spathis subsess. acutis brevis. In China, the spadix is yellow and fragrant. 821. PoDOSPADix R. diff. Pothos, spatha re- flexa ovata midulata, spadix peduncul. tereto florifero, cal. truncato 4fido, lac. ineq. coales- cens, stam. 2-4eq.. antheris exertis peltatis, bacca 1 sp. ? Acaidis, fol. simpl. nervosis — Type P. reticidata Raf. Pothos crassinervia Jaq. ic. 610. W. P. fol. oblongis cuneatis acum. subtus reticulatis, nervo medio angul, striato, scapo sulcato — South America, Caracas, singu- lar smooth plant, seen dry, in my specimen leaf semipedal on short petiol, scape slender, spatha small undate like a bract, flowers ius- cate, on a spadix quite removed and raised on a peduncJe. CENTURIA IX, 1^ 822. AmidenaAcI. diff. Orontium, cal. 6part. 3 alt. latior, stig. sess. drupa oliveforniis sp. nu- cleo cordato. Scaposa spica term. jl. dislinc- tis bracteatis. — Type A. japonica 11. Oront. do. L. auct. fol. convol. venosis scapo brevior, bracteis membr. subrot. Quite distinct from our O. aquaticum cal. spong. eq. baca spoiii2;iosa Isp. sem. cornea in spadix immersa. 823. TiLcusTA Raf. cal. Opart, stam. 6, stig, sess. bacca Slocul, 3-6sp. Habit of Amidena — Type T. nepalensis R. fol. convol. bract, elon- gatis fl. multo longior. Mts. of Nipal : indica- ted by Buchanan and Smith under the native name of Tilcusta, akin to next G. Tupistra. 824. Tupistra Wal. spadix nudus multifl. cal. Gfidus, antheris 6 sessiles cal. inrierta. stylo sulcato, stigma peltato umbil. 31obo, bacca 31oc. 3sp. Rhizomafol. et scapis f evens ^ fl. distinc- tis bracteatis. — Two types T. nutans b. reg. 1223, b. mag. 3054, fol. ovatolanc. acum. spa- dix obi. nutans, cal. camp. Sylhet in India, fl. fulvous with brown dots. — 2. T. squalida b.reg. 704. b. rn. 1655. fol. lanceol. acutis, scapo brevi spadix recto, cal. urceolato. Amboyna and Molucas, fl. cineroaus. The G. Aspidistra and Macrogyne very akin in habit, differ from this by lack of spadix, and solitary radical fl. but the pistil being free cannot belong to Asarides, they are Monocotyle linking the Acorides and Asparagoides. 825. EMPROTIA, the Aroides, This order of Monocotyles as reformed by me in 1815 contained 2 sub orders and 6 families, which I now will enumerate here with their Genera. The presence of a spadix is the main character of all. 1. Gymnadia flowers without perigone. 16 FLOR. TELLUR. First family, EQUISETIA, type Equisetam. 2d Fam. SAURURIDIA, no spatha, types Saururiis, Aponogeton tSfC. 3d Fam. ARISARIA, a spatha, G. Arisa- rum 661, Honiaida, 662, Desmesia 663, Mego- tigea 666, Alocasia 668, Dracunculus 669, Pel- tandra 670, Colocasia 671, Caladiuin 672, A- rosma 673, Telipodus 676, Kunda 305, Proven- zalia 679, Otosma 801, Spirospatha 802, Pleu- rospa 803 . . . Zostera, Ambrosinia <^c. II S. O. Calicinia flowers with a perigone or calix. 4th Fam. POTHIDIA, the Pothides a spa- tha, G. Seguinum 677, Dracontium, Eutereia 816, Spathyema 81 7, Strepsanthera 818, Po- thos 8 1 9, Tapanava 820, Podospadix 821, Houttuyna &c. 5th Fam. ACORIDIA, the Acorides, no spatha, G. Acorus, Orontium, Amidena 821, Tilcusta 822, Tupistra 823. 6th Fam. TYPHACEA, types Typha and Sparganium. To which I may add my new family of Uni- SEMiDES as a 7th which I united doubtfully to Asparagoides in 1815, and is another link of those orders, see 6. 826. Nemampsis R. (fil. curvis) diff. Dracena perig. basi inflate, tubo filif. 6fido, lac. filif. cur- vis ad faux lac. eq. stylo filif. curvo, stig. capit. Type N. ternifolia R. Drac. surculosa L. auct. b. reg. 1 169, surculis teretis annulatis subaph. fol. ternis ovatobl. acum, racemis term, corym- bosis, bract, subulatis brevis. In West Africa, fl. white. Quite distinct from Dracena. 827. EuPHYLEiA R (well leafy) diff. Drace- na, Perig. coroUato persistens urceol. 6part. stam. 6 subulata, stylo, stig. 3, bacca 3loc, CENTURIA IX. 17 polysp. Arbor, fol. imbrlcatis, fl. panicid. — Type E. odorata Raf. Drac. aiistralis Forst, W. P. bot. m. 2835. Dr. obtccta Grab. fol. con- fertis imbric. lane, acutis planis basi dilat. panic, compos, spicata. In Australia, lino simple tree, quite leafy witb babit of Yucca, fl. wbite fra- grant, berries wbite. — How unlike Nemampsis and my Clintonia, both united to Dracena once! Dracena ought to be spelt Drakaina and the type is Dr. draco. The Dr. marginata form- ing the G. Fhylloina of Ker. bot. mag. 1585 chiefly differ from Euphyleiu by habit and sta- mens filiform. ^28. Clintonia Raf. 1817 not Clintonia of Lindley 1829 which is my Gynampsis 1833. Beautiful G. of mine shuffled into Dracena,Con- vallaria, Smilacina ... by the Genera shufflers! see my monograph of it in New Flora 42G to 448, including 20 sp. and var. under 2 subgen- era Cuscumia and Onyxida. Q,uite tiistinct from all akin by berry 21oc. and stigma bilobe, from Stijrandra by 6 sepals and habit. The G. Conmdlaria was one of the worst, having no characters at all, and I have reformed it into 8 Genera, in 1817 and 1830, see med. fl. and below till 831. 829. SiPiiYALis R. (tube bottle) diff*. Con- vallaria, perig. ovato. basi vcntricoso, phiali- formis Gdent. stam. G. anthcris sagitt. inclusis, stylo, stig. ofido villoso. fol. opposUis, umbel- lis axillaris. — I'ype, Siph. nitida Raf caule tereto, fol. opp. brevi pet. obi. acum. nitidis, umbellis pedunc. nutans 3-lOfloris. Mts. of India. Conval. oppositifolia, Walich, Lod. 010, Hook. ex. fl. 125, b, mag. 3529. 830, Frx'tiEA Richard, Ophiopogon Gawlcr and engl. bot, Perig. corolif. Gpart, pcrsistens- 18 FLORA TELLUR. stam. 6, anth. lin. snbsess. stig. obt. bacca lloCr Isp. Habit of Convalaria — 2 types blended as Conval. japonica by Th. L. auct. — 1 Fl. angu- lata Raf. fol. rad. plura linearis Sgonis bipeda- lis apice planis striatis recurvis, scapo apice 4 gono, ft. racemosis secundis 2-6fasciculatis. — 2 Fl. anceps Raf. fol. rad. membr. involutis line- aris acutis palmaris incurvis, scapo anceps— both in Japan with white flowers and blu« berries. 831. Globeris Raf. med. fl. 1830, diff*. Con- vallaria, perig. corol. globoso 6fido, stam. bre- vis disco insertis, antheris ovatis, pistil. 6striat. capsula 31oc. Gsperma. — Type Gl. autumnalis Raf. Conval. spicata Thunb. auct. fol. rad, lin, striatis, scapo brevior striato, fl. racemosis sub- spic. agregatis ebracteatis. In Japan, flowers violaceous. If this plant has realy a capsule as stated by Thunberg it is not even of Aspara- goides family, but of Asphodelides. The other genera blended in Convallaria are the real Convallaria of which C. majalis is the type — 2. Sigillaria or Axillaria Raf. 1837, Polygonatum of Tourn. and Desf Eval- laria of Necker : we may choose either except Polygon-atum same as Polygon-um, Sigillaria from Solomon Seal the vulgar name would be the best, if the fossil Sigillaria is modified into Sigillites. — 3 Mayanthemuwi Pers. Smilacina Desf (same as Smilax !) Tovaria Necker not of Adanson — 4 Styrandra Raf 1817, types the Conv. hifolia and others with 4 stamens, 4 se- pals, 2 cells. 832. Daiswa Raf. diff*. Varis and Trillium,, cal. 5sepalis, petalis 5, Stam. 10, stylo tereto trifido stig. 3, baca 3Ioc. Fol. verticilL comIc Ifl. — Type D.polyphyla R. Paris do Sm. &€► CENTURIA IX. 19 fol. 8-lOlanceol. trinervis petiolatis. Nipal, the flowers vary with ternary and quaternary parts, but the style is permanent. It is therefore a Hnk between TrilUum and Medeola. If not admitted as a G. Varis cannot neither, that has quaternary parts, but 4 reflexed styles and 4loc berry, leaves 4 ovate sessile trinerve acute. All belong to my family Trillidia differing from Asparagides by several styles or stigmas, and habit often whorled. 833. Abapus Ad. Papiria Th. not Lam. difT. Gethylis, perig. limbo 8-18part. stam. 8-18, stig. Slobo, bacca 31ocul. — Types A. spiralis Raf. Pap. do. Th. Gethylis afra auct, b. reg. 1016. fol. iin. spiral, glabr. S. Africa. The real Ge- thylis has only 6 stamens, and berry uniloc. both have habit of Colchicum, and the ovary partly adherent forming with Hemanthus &c, the family of Gethylides differing from Narcis- sides as do the Asparagoides from Asphodeli- des, by having berries. 834. Leucodesmis Raf. difT. Haemanthus, perig. cor. infund. limbo 6part. erecto stam. 6 exertis ineq. filif. stig. 3fido, bacca 31oc. 3sp. — Type L. puhescens R. Haem. do Ait. L. b. reg. 382. albiflos Jaq. W. b. mag, 1239. fol, obov. ciliatis puberis, invol. 5phyl. ineq. ovatis viridis, fl. albis congestis, S. Africa. — The African G, Haemanthus contains several anomalous sp. merely united by the habit : the real has stam. equal erect, cor. tubular. 835. ScADOxus R. (umb. glor.) diff. Hae- manthus^ cor. limbo patulo, stam. ineq. adscen- dentibus. Umhellis multijl. pedunc. articu- latis — Type Sc, multijlorus R. Hacm. do L. auct. often figured, fol. ellipt. acutis concavis, invol. fl. brevior. West Africa. 20 FU>RA TELLUR. 836- Periiiema R. (around bloody) ditil Haemanthns, cor. infnnd. basi (igibbosa inflata, stam G. filif. cqiialis cxcrtis, stig. obtiiso, Cap- sula 31oc. 3sp. fol. blnis, invol. urceoU Spart. ineq. colorato, ft, inclusis^ — Type P. coarc- tata R. Ilaem. do Jaq. W. b. reg. 181. fol. ellipt. obt. scapo crasso pimctato, invol. rubro amplo, lac. iit foliis. S. Africa, fl. incarnate, an- thers yellow ovate. This G. and the next hav- ing capsules instead of berries do not even be- long to the same family of Gethylides, but to Crinides. 837. Serena R. (Nymph) diff. Ferihema^ cor. turbinata 6fida, stam. 6 eq. stig. 31obo,c«p- Sidci 31oc. 3s]).foL binis, invol. spathaceo, urn- bella brevior. — Types 1. S. carnea R. Haeman- thus do Ed. b. reg. 509. fol. subrot. hirsutis, spatha sphacelata reflexa, stam. inclusis, cor, carneis, obi. obt. R. — 2 8. lancifolia R. Haem. do. Jaq. sch. 80. W. auct. fol. lanceol, glabris ciliatis, spatha brevis, stam. exertis, corolla patens. Perhaps a sub G, both of S. Africa. 838. Narcissus Raf, non auct. This beau- tiful G. included a crowd of sp. with very va- riable cup or inner corolla, that must form at least G G. I restrict the real Narcissus to those with — cup campanuL 6fid. including N. odorus, pseudo, minor t5'C, — Several monographs of the linnean Narcissus have been given by Bel- lendeu, Salisbury, Ker, Smith, Lamark &c, which see for sp. 839. AuTOGENES R, diff. Narcissus, cup ro- tate membranose, entire or crenate — such as A, poeticus, angustif, biflorus, tenuior Slc. 810. JoNQuiLLA R. diff. Narcissus, cup cam- panulate plicate crisp or crenulate — sueh as J, CENTURIA qc. 21 odora (Narc. jonquilla,) tazetla^ bieolor^ ma- jor, incomparahilis, trilobus^ mridijlora cfe. 841. Calathinus R. diff. JSarcissus, cup campanul. crenate stam. 6 ineq. 3 brevior — such as 1 C. cernuus (Narc. do Sal. pyronaicus Pers. triandrus L.) 2 Serotinus, 3 multtjlorus^ N. calathinus auct.. 8 13. MosKERioN R. difF. Narcissus, cup. cy- lindrical sulcate crenate — Type 1. 31. mosclia- tum Raf. Narc. do auct. 2 hispanicum Narc. do Gouan. Vitm. Erion, Calathinus, Autogenes were Greek names of Narcissus. 844. CoDiAMiNUM R (Plinius name) diff. N. cup large funnel form, petals linear, stamens and style declinata. — Very distinct G. types 3 sp. blended in Narc. hulbocodium by Authors. C. montanus, C. minimus ^^c, see Salisbury. — The G. Barhacenia and my Pleuroslima 3(58 are very near to Narcissides, connecting with the section of Pancratides that have stamens monadelphous or united to the cup. 845. Pancratium Raf. non auct. This Linnean G. was equaly inconsistent as Narcissus and 3 Genera have already been removed from it Abapus, Ismenc, Eurycles. I shall divide it into 9, and my real Pancratium has the cup or Nectary or inner corolla campanulate with 18 equal teeth, 6 stamens alt. with 2 teeth rising from those opposite to petals. — Such are P. maritimum, carolinianurn, zeylanicum, 4 li- riosme Raf. fl. lud. 5, amenum Sal. And. rep. 556 which is P. declinatum Jaq. &c. The lin- nean Pancratium only differed from Narcissus by the cup bearing the stamens, both form the real family of Narcissides with a double co- rolla, the akin G, with a single corolla form the *22 FLORA TELLUR. family of Crimdes, and those with unequal or irregular stamens the Amarylides, all of the Natural Order YMNODIA. 846. Nemepiodon R. cup. campanul. 12den- tate, 6 alt. teeth bearing the stamens — such as N. 7nexica7ius, cariheum, speciosum Sal. Red. 156 (N. carib. b. m. 826.) 874. Ismene Herbert, diff. Pancratium, cor. with a long tube, cup campanulate 121obed, crenulate, stamens declinate inserted inside. — Type /. amancaes, Narcissus do R. P. 283. Pers. Pancrat. do hot. reg. 600. fine G. of S. Amer. quite distinct. 848. Eurycles Sal. 1812. Proiphis Herb. 1821, Stemonix Raf. 1833. diff. "Pancratium cup 6parted, dentate, stam. inserted inside — several sp. of Polynesia and Australia blended as P. amboinense L. Crinum nervosum Lher. Amaryllis rotundif Lam . . . Hooker reckons 3 sp. E. australis, sylvatica and Cunninghami figured in b. mag. 3399. 849. ZoucHiA Raf. diff*. Vancratium. cup. with 6 bifid segments, stamens in the sines — Type Z. illyrica Raf. Pancr. do auct. often figured. Zouchi is the illyrian name. 850. To3ioDON R. (cut teeth) diff". Pancra- tium, cup rotate or camp. 6lobed multifid, teeth unequal irregular,style declinate. — Types 1. T. rotatum Raf, Pancr. do b. mag. 827 Sm. &c 2. T. floridanum R. rotatum Lee. 3 J\ ripa- rium Raf P. mexic. Lee. 4 coronarium Raf. Pancr. do Lee. 5 pratense Raf P. occid. Lee. see my monograph of this G. in New Flora. 851. SiPHOTOMA R. (tube cut) diff*. Pancra- tium, cup cylindrical multifid, stamens unequal, 3 alt. shorter. — Type S. calathina Raf Pancr. do. b. mag'. 1561. Sm. &/C, CENTURIA IX. 23 852. Braxireon R. (short Ireon) cliff. Fanc- ratium^ cup quite cuplike short Gfid as in Narcissus, but bearing the stamens. — Type Br, humile R. Pancr. do Cav. 207. Pers. ^'C. 853. Troxistemon R. diff. Pancratium, cup rotate 6dentate, teeth bearing the stamens, sin- usses emarginate or undulate, petals narrow re- curved.— Types TV. littorale and fragrans. 854. LiRiAMUs R. (sand lily) diff. Crinum, sepalis unguic, Ovario infero, filam. stam. basi gibbosis, fl, umbel. — Type L. 5florus Raf. Crinum arenarium Hook. b. mag. 2531. fol. stri- atis, scapo Sfloro. Australia. The G. Crinum had also been widely mistaken, since Agapan- thus with free ovary had been united to it, be- sides this G. and the next. 855. ScADiANus R. atl. J. 1833 (blue umbel) diff. Agapanthus, cor. tubo fusif. limbo camp. 6fid. lacinis canalicul. 3 latior obt. 3 angustior acutis. stam. G ineq. incurvis filif. tubo inserta. ov. libero obi. stylo filif. recto, stig. obt. — Type Sc. multiflorus Raf. fol. ligulatis planis acum. scapo tereto, umbella multifl. — Fine plant seen alive in our gardens, native of Florida and Louisiana, it is the blue Crinum of Bartram, Cr. americ. Pursh ^-c not L. the Agapantfms of our Gardeners, quite different from this Afri- can genus. . Leaves pedal, one inch broad, fl. inodorous uncial azure blue. The G. Abumon of Ad. differs only by long tube, he quotes the Crinum 4 L. and figures of Commelin, Breyn, Plukenet which must be verified. Is it the Agapanthus? Of family Aloides (not Crinides) with all the Narcissides that have a free pistil. 856. ScADFAKiNTos R. (umb. hyac) cor. campanul. 6partita, stam. G. filam. alt. mem- 24 FLORA TELLUR. branosis inscrtis apex segm. cor. ovar. stipitat. stigma . . . caps. 31oc. polysp. Fades Mliacea^ scaposus umbella nmltifi. cerulea. — Type Sc umbellaris li. Brodiea grandiflora Pursh, Nut- tal Eat. &c, which has been proved by Hooker to be quite diflerent from the Br. grandifl. of Smith, not even of same Genus ! but it is not a Blilla as surmised by him. Of Family Aloides called the Missouri Hyacinth. 857. Brodiea Sm. &c. Hookeria Sal. Cor. tubulosa 6fida, stam. 3, squamis 3 alt. ad tub. inserta. Ovar. stipit. style filif. stigm. 3 caps. 31oc. sem. centralis, scaposa, bulbosa, fl. um- bellatis. — Type Br. grandiflora Sm. b. reg. 1183. b. mag. 2877. fol. lin. elong. canalic. acum. umbella 5-8flora. In Origon, fine large blue flowers. Type of a new family with Sow- erbea, Xiphidium and Leucoryne 657 &c akin to Xyrides and Commelines,which may be cal- led XYPHIDIA, it differs from them by Co- rolla equal, from Aloides by 3 stamens, from Irides by ovary free. Does Wachendorjia be- long to it? 858. CoNANTHEs R, (conc fl.) diff*. Fitcai- rma,flowers conical, cal. 3part. Fetalis 3 undul. longis nudis stam. 6 ineq, 3 longior, stylo elon- gato, stig. 3fldo. Parasita, scaposa, racemosa. — Type C. albiflos 11. Pitc. do Hook. b. m. 2641. fol. lin. lane, integris acum. scapo race- moque simplex. Brazil, fl. white. 859. Hexalepis R. (6 scales) diff". Tilland- sia, cal. 3part. scariosis colorat. convolutis, cor. tereta 3part. convol. squamis 2 ad bas. petalis alt. ad stam. 6, sed ovario circondans, stigma 31obo fimbriate. foL imbric. fl. spicatis — Type H. psittacina R. Till, do Hook. b. m. 2841. fol. ligulatis acutis basi iniiat, spica rachi flex. CENTURIA IX. 25 bract, color, fl. eq. In Brazil, fl. bicolor red end yellow. Nearer Pilcairnia than Tillandsia by the scales. All these G. belong to my fam- ily Alchmidia 1835 with Giizrnaiiia, Aechmea, Lachenalia, Kucallis below 80'2 Slc. 800. DcMntoroGorv R. (tree beard) Neog. 1825. (liif. Tillandsia^ stam. 3 (non 6) stylo, stig. 2-3lobo, caps. '2-31oc. Parasitica, ramosttj Jf. axill. — T} pc the D. iisneoidcs and proba- bly other sp. In fact the G. Tillandsia is in utter disorder, it includes several Genera; those with unilocular capsule must form the G. Karaoifata of Adanson. 861. EmosTAX R. (wooly spike) diff. Sro- melia, ovar. 3alato, cal. globoso 31obo, petalis 3 rigidis linearis, stam. 6 ineq. 3 brevior epipe- tala, stigma dilat. 31obo. I'ol. imhric. spica clavata, lanata, jlorib. in lana immersis. — Type E. ^laiica Raf Bromelia melanantha E^ b. reg. 766. fol. imbric. lanceol. marg. spinosis, spica albo lanata, cal. lutesceus, petalis atro- purp. Antilles. Is the fruit a capsule as in the next G ? 86'2. EucAiLiAs R. diif. Bromelia, ovar. 3 gibboso, cal. opart, undulato, basi tubulosoglan- duloso. cor. 3part. apice spiralis, squamis *2 ad medio petalis, stam. 6 filif. 3 inter sq. insertis antheris filif stylo 3gono, stigma Sfido. caps. 3 loc. poly sperm a. Parasitica stolonif. ft. spi- calis bracteatis — Type Kiic. versicolor Raf. Bromelia zebrina Hook. b. mag. 2686. fol. lan- ceol. canalic. obt. dent, spinosis, subtus glaucis, albo transverse zonatis, caule albo nutans, brac- teis longis lanceol. roseis. Beautiful plant of Brazil, flowers versicolor, calix white, petals and stamens yellow. Quite distinct from Bro- 4 26 FLORA TELLLK. nielia by capsule and scales on petals as it Pit- cairnia and Hexalepis. T he sp. of Uromelia with unilocular beny form the G. Psedomelia of Neckrr. 8G3. RiiizEMYs R. (root turtle) Ttsludina- ria Burchell b. reg. 921. diff. Dioscorca stylis 3 coalitis, Radix cimplissima epigea. Hardly different from Dioscora, generic names derived by aria cannot stand. Very singular huge roots edible like yams called Hottentot Bread. 2. types. 1. Rh. elephantipes R. Tamns do W. P. fol. renif. planis, raceniis axill — 2. Rh. monta- na R. fol. cord. subt. glaucis nervosis. Both from S. Africa. 864. Ruscus L. auct. this Gr. must be care- fully revised, as it has many anomalies, the C Danae of McEnch and Persoon for the R. race- mosus must be adopted, differing by habit, co- rolla and fruit. The real Ruscus bears the flowers on the leaves that are perhaps enlarged expansions or peduncles. The R. androgynus is not a Danae, but includes 2 distinct sp. 1. R. latifoUus Raf. androg, W. Dili, t. 250. Hook. b. m. 3029. fol. subcord. ovatis ocum. fl. sub- sess, in capitulis multifl. congestis. Madeira, f). yellow white in a notch of the leaf. — 2. R. anthopus Raf. androgynus^ Sims b. mag 1898. fol, ovatobl. acum. fl. solit- pedicelis fl. eq. Ca- nary Ids. — Both must form the S. G. Gurenias (Diosk) by fl. marginal, corolla 6parted rotate, anthers sessile in a central tube or nectary. The G. Peliosanthes of R. Brown differs by cor. tu- bulose, nectary globose slaminiferous. 8G5. SiRAiTos R. (n. jap.) diff. Ahalon^ fl. hermaphr. petalis G obi. obt. stani. G filam. su- bul. brevis, antheris 4gonis, ovar. ovat. stylis 3 revol. caps, unica 3Iocul. — A Genus blended CKNTUKIA IX. at with the American Ahalon by Tliunherg and others although quite distinct, but habit siFTiiiar. — Type *S7r. nquaticus\Xhama-lirium are bad compound names of Starkifs and Chama. Having just received the Monograph of Gray on tlie Melanthacea or rather my Helo- NiDiA, of North America, I will revise them in my New Flora. I merely state here that his G. Leiico-crinum must be changed into Leu- crinis llaf. that his Yteimantlimm of Wild, is my Evonyxis 83 — that his Stenantliium S. G. of Veratrum is my G. Anepsa 89 — that his A- miant/iiim tnuscoloxicuni was my Crosperma laeta of 1825 a plant shuffled into 3 Genera till made one of by myself since 1801 see G. 100 — that his Schoino-caidon will be my Skoirwlon Raf. — For his Tofieldas, with 3 other names Triantha, Hebelia, Isidrogalvia, Leptilix, ^'C^ see Ahama of Adanson 1763 in my New Flora with 4 sp. and 2 akin Genera of which I shall write a monograph. 867. Baimo R. (n. jap.) diff. Uvularia, peta- lis 6 obl. stam. Ohypogyna, stylus 1, stig. 3 re- flexa. caide artic, fol. cirrkosh — Type B. cirrhosa Raf. Uvularia do Th, aurt. caule te- 28 FLORA TELLUU. res artic. fol. sessilib. geminatis linearis cirrho- sis, pedic. axill. Ifl. reflexis. In Japan, fl. yel- low, stamens white. Baimo is as good as Plantago. 868. SiMiRA R. (n. jap.) diff. OrnithogaJum petalis 6 lanceol. eq. stani. 6 subul. 3 latiora alt. stig. obt. capsiila ovata viliosa 3gona Gstri- ata — TyP^ S. japonica Raf. Orn. do Th. auct. Rcapo striato longo racemose, fol. linearis planis. Japan, fl. purplish, perhaps only a subgenus. Simira is a pretty Japanese name. 869. Stypandra R. Br. another Gr. akin to Skilla with filiform stamens diff. by filaments retrocurved and anthers with glands, stem fo- Uose, fl. pnnicnlate : thus more different by habit than characters. Several sp. from aus- tralia. 1 St. glnuca fol. glauc. tortilis, 2 St. propinqua Cun. b. mag. 3417. fol. gramineis &c. 870. Ari HROPODiioi R. Br. diff. Skilla and Anthericum by petals reflexed, stamens villose, style declinate, roots fasciculate — several sp. from Australia. A. panicnl. A. minus &c. 871. Chlokophytum R. Br. diff. Skilla^ stam. connivens, capsula 3Ioba polysp. 4 sp. from Australia. G. admitted although less dis- tinct than some of mine. 872. PoDONix R. (bearded claw) diff Tuli- pa, petalis ineq. Salt. lane, minor, 3 ovatis ma- jor unguiculis barbatis, stam. ineq. basi barba- tis, stigma 3poroso, caps, globosa 31oba. Acaiiles — Type P. albijfora Raf Tulipa biflora L. auct. often figured, b. reg. 535. fol. 2 linearib. scapo l-2floro. Near Caspian Sea, flowers tinial! and white. Near to G. Liriopogon 113 to which I once referred it, but distinct. 873. PiiARiuM Herb. cor. 6part. subeq. stam. CEXTURIA IX. 2J) 6 inonadelphis ad basis luenibrana coalitis. sty- lo fistul. recto, stig. perforatum en pit. lacirs alliacea. — N. G. near the Kepa &c, hut sta- mens united. Type Ph. fistnlositm W l>. re<2^. 1540. foh listuh teretis, scapo umhellato, umh. paucill. invoh 3 subrot. fl. cernuis, stain exertis Mexico. 87i. Praskoinon R. diff. Vhnrium, petalis sulcatis, stam. subulatis basi coahtis, styh) fihf. stig. acuto, caj)s. Gsp. — Type Pr. lonoij'oliffm Raf. Album do Spreni;el, b. reg. 1034. Sche- noprasum do Kunth, Ibl. lin. canalic. longissi- mis, scapo striato subancej)s basi Iblioso, um- bella sub 811. congesta. Mexico, fl. purple. Forming a snbf. Piiarides with tlie last and Spiranthera 885, by united stamens. 875. Ei'CKOsiA Edw. diff'. AniaryUis^ stam. basi monadelphis. Type E. bicolor b. reg. 207. fol. ellipt. glaucis, umb. 4fl. 4bracteata. S. America, fl. greenish purple, bracts white. — These Genera with united stamens appear to indicate new families. This will be type of subf. Eucrosidos in Narcissides. 876. PiiAioiMiLEPS R. (brown veins) diff. Sisyrinehiiini, cor. infundib. Gfida eq. staiii. 3 filam. monad, in tubo elongato. Scaposa. — Family Galaxidia near G. Galaxta — Types 1. Ph. odoratissima R. Sisyr. do Lind. b. reg. 1283. fol. angustiss. glaucis equante ad sca[)o teres, spatha univ. c )nvol. 4-6fl. pedic. nutans. Patagonia, fl. white with brown veins. — Sisyr. flexuosum is a 2d sp. 877. PoGAUELPHA R. (beard brother) diff', Sisifrlnchlum, stain 3 basi monadelphis pilosis, stylis 3 basi coalitis, ovario piloso — Types 1. P. maculata Raf. caule flex, tereto, fol. amplex. brevis lin. obt. spathis 2 lane, subeq. acutis 2ff. petalis ovati-! o!)t. flavis bnsi macula atropurp. i'hili, on!)' (leeiiu'd a var. of the next in h. reg. 1915. var. j)u:i!iluin. — '2. P. graminilblia Kaf. Sisyr do. \>. reg. lOOT. diff. fol. caule longior sesailih. acutis, spathis ineq. lanceol. petalis obovatis lutois, macula fusca ad medio. Chili. 878. Olsynium Raf.newfl. 1 p. 72. diff. Fo- gadefpha, cor. petalis G campanul. non patulis, stam. 3 e'ongatis liberis, basi coalitiscoarctatis glabris, stylo elongato, stig. 3 acutis. — Type (). grntulijlorum R. Sisyr. do b. reg. 1034, b. mag. 3509. Caule compresso, fol. brevis acutis, sp.itha ineq. fl. binis nutans purpureis- Origon at fills Oakanagan, large purple flowers — 2d sp. O. laleum Raf. Marica californica Ker. b. m. 1)S3, caule alato, fol. lin. petalis obov. lu- teis. California, many G, have lately b6en blended in Sisyrinchiuni, eventhe next with free stamens ! 879. Ortiirosantiies Sweet, diff. Sisyr. pe- talis G ineq. 3 e.xt. angustior, stam. 3 llberls. — 3 sp. of Australia, nearer to Marica than Sisy- rinchiuni. One of them is the ^isifr. ixioides Forst. or Ferraria do W. or Morea do Th. thus put in 3 Genera. 880. EvEi/naA R. (well free) diff. Sisyr. pe- talis 6 equalis, obovatis, stam. 3 liberis — Type midfifiora Raf. Orthrosanthes do Sweet, Sisy- rinchiuni cyaneum Lind b. reg. 1090 ! fol. ces- pitosis linearib. longiss. spathis 2 ovatis subeq. petalis ceruleis obov. ol.tusis. Australia — The G. Marica chiefly differs from this by petals un- equal and stamens alt. to stigmas, the G. Ci- pura besides by stigma petaliformis. Bobar- tla is also an akin Genus. 8S1. PuAiANTiiKs Kaf. (brown fl.) diff. Mo- rea^ petalis ineq. 3 alt. quadruplo major basi ( LiNJlIUA IX. 31 cone, apex plaiiis, 3 pet. minor plunis, stain. 3 subcoiinatis, stig. 31iii. planis bidcntatis. — This nas nearer to t^isyr. by stani. but referred by habit to Morea ! I'ype Fh. lur'ula Uaf. Morea do Edw. b. reg. 31*2. Uniflora papiilosa, fol. *2-3 hnearib. caule e<]. petahs aciun. fucis. South Africa. — Howdilicrent Irom Vardanthes chinensis of Ker or Belanienda lied, which was the type of Morea ! same as Morus ! 882. Haemodoka l^ab Sm. ovar. inf. petalis 6, stam. 3 antheris sessilis petalis insertis, stylo, stig. capit. caps. 3 loc. Gsp. — This G. has been made the type cf family HaeinocJoracta ^ very near to Irides ; but the next G. is not of same family : nor is the G. Anigozanthes dif- fering by cor. tubular unilabiate 6dentate and Gstamens,nor my Pleurostinui 3C8. 883. Phlebocarya R. Br. Ovar. inf. petalis 6, stam. 6 epipetalis antheris sess. stylo, stigma capit. caps. Hoc. 3sp. ad abortu Nux monosp. coronata — I'ype Phi. ciliata Br. Sm. fol. disti- chis fimbriatis, fl. panicul- Australia. Altho' the insertion of stamens is similar to the last, their double nujnber and fruit makes this type cf a subfamily in the fan)ily of Dioscoridls. 884. ErsTKEPiii s R. Br, Petalis 6, internis 3 fimbriatis, stam. G liberis, ov. lib. stigma tri- gono, caps, pulposa 3ioc. Svalv. valvis septiferis polysp. Fnitescnts, fol. alt — Type E. angtis- tifolius Br. Sm fol. lin. lane. fl. fascicul. nu- tans. This G. has the habit of Smilaa\ and forms a link between Smii acta and Aspiiode- LIDES. 885. Spiranthera Raf. diiT. Eitstrrplni^^ stam. basi monadelphis, antljeris a pice spiralis — Sp. ozata Raf. Eustr. latifolius Br. ^ni. {hi. ovatis fl. fascic. pedic. nutans. Australia. The 32 FLORA TELLUR. union of the stamens is akin to G. Rnscus, yet this must be referred to the subf. o[ F harides in family Asfmiodpimdi s. See 874. 886. Elegia L. auct. based on the Restio elegia since made E. juncea by Linneus ; now having several sp. requiring reform, and becom- ing type of the family Elegides ditfering from JuNciDEs by 3 stamens instead of 0. — The real G. Elegia has cal. 6glumis ineq. stam. 3, stylis 3, Gaertner says caps. 6loc. 6sp. Smith says Sloe, polysp. it is so at least in E. racemosa if not in E. thijrsifera once E. juncea. 887. Tristemon Raf. 1817. diff. Juncus^c?i\. Gglumis ineq. 3 ext. aristatis, stam. 3, stylo 1, stig. 3, caps. 31oc. polysp. — This includes all the Juncus with 3 stamens, nearer Elegia and same family, such as Tr. marginatus, odoratus, pohjcephalus, conglomeratus &c see my mo- nograph in New Flora. — The family of Junci- DES with 6 stamens includes only Juncns^ Lu- zula, Aphyla utiles, Rapatea, Follia and a few others. 888. Baloskion Raf. (Ball rush) diff. Restio capitulis globosis, fl. fem. 4 valvis, stylis 2, cap- sula 2loc. 2sp, — Type B. dichotomum Raf. R. 4phylus Lab. P. Sm. Br. dichotome, foliose. spicis panicul. Australia. This as well as Ca- lorophus Lab. also belong to Elegides instead of Restides. 889. Abbotia Raf. diff. Triglocliin, cal. 3-4 glumis deciduis, stam. 3 sessilis. interdum 1-2. pistillis 3-4coalitis, stigmas sess. glandulosis lissis. capsulis 3-4coalitis monosp. Acaulis, fl. racem. — This G. containing 3 sp. Ab. filifor- mis, palustris, piimila is described in the mo- nograph of my New Flora I p. 36. It belongs to Elegides, and is the link with the G, Triglo- CENTURIA IX. 33 chin. — Thus the ELEGIDES include Elrgia^ Trisfeinoti, Calorophus, Jialoskion, Abhotia and perhaps other Genera; they are very near to XuiiiDEs 17, differing by no real internal co- rolla. 890. CiioNDuoPETALON Rotb. diff. ^^5/io cal. ineq. 3 internis major cartilagineis — Type. C7i. tectorum. Restio do L. aiict. 8.)1. Leilna Raf. (one less) diff. Restio stam. 2. stylis "2. all the sp. with "l instead of 3 stamens and styles belong here. The Resti- DLs or Restiacea family differ from Juncidesby fruit monosperm, and besides these 3 Genera include others from the Southern Hemisphere. 89*2. PiJYi.iDRU3i Gaertn. Sm. Garciana Lour. Perigono 2phyIo corolliforme, stam. 3 ad uno petalo inserta. Ovar. libero, stylo filif. stig. ca- pit. caps. 31oc. 3valv. polysp. rad. fibrosis^ foL ensatls, fl. spicatis.—^'i sp. Pli. lanuginosum and pij!^NU'um. Of family Xlridia, but type of a subf. Phylidrines. 893. Nemitis R. (fil. pi.) Apteria Nut. 1834. Ov. inf cor. tubul. camp. Odentatis alt. minor, stam 3 in tubo, stylo filif. stig. 3 cuneatis, caps, coronata mcnoloc, polysp. placentas 3. Kad. fibr.caule squamo so.— Type Nemitis setncea Raf. Apteria do Nut. ic. cnule filif l-4fl. squa- mis remotis brevis sphacelatis. Florida, Ala- bama and Missouri ! minute annual plant, fl. white. — Nuttol makes a new family of this with Tripterella, it differs from it as Luzula from Juiicus; hwi Biirniannia w'wh G stamens can- not belong to it. All the monocotyle with 3 stamens are essentialy different from those with 6. In fact the staminate numbers are of greater importance in Monocotyles than in 5 34 FLORA TELLUR. Dicotyles, which some Botanists are not aware of. 1 had to chanQven\\ spsciej ^p. anrmonijlora, fragrans, tricolor, gran- dijf. bulbifera, fimbrlala &c ; but those with irregular corolla must form the next Genus. 890. Anactorion R. (glad, diosk) diff. Spa- raxls, cor irregularis, segmentis connivens, vel uno patulo, stam. erectis — Type 2 Sp. An. hl- color 11. Sp. do Ker. — *2 An. oaleohim K. ^p. do Ker. Gladiolus do Jaq. W. P. perhaps a subg. by bilabiate corolla, Fasgano?i Raf. Of family Glai>iolina differing from Irides as A- maryllides from Crinides by the irregular co- rolla or stamens. - sis. Perhaps *2 subg.. 89S. Priopeialon R. (saw pet) diff. Al- stroemeria, ovar. globoso 6costato, potalis G patulis serrulatis, ?<- (>xt. oq. dilatatis, 3 int. an- CKNTURIA IX. 35 gustior 2 sup. minor. Stam. 6 declin. 2 sup, antheris brevior. — Type Fr.paUidnm R. A. do Grab. b. uiag. 3010. tbi. sparsis lin. lane, den- ticul. subaniplex. fl. unihelhit. 2-5petabs acum. ext. obov. int. eliipt — Chib, fl. incurnate, tbe fi- gure rcprcsenti- the style clavate entire wbile the description tells it is 3 gone witb 3 stigmas! — While the G, Arnarylis has undergone such a revision and division the akin G. Alstroeme- ria has been left untouched, although present- ing striking anomalies, I therefore present this and the 2 next reformed Genera out of it, but there are probably more. 899. LiLAViA li. (bird lily) diff. Alstroeme- ria, cor. campan. subeq. petalis 3 internis an- gustior brevior, stam. 6 subeq. rectis, antheris 3 alt. major eliipt, stigma 3, caps. 3gona. — Type L. psiftacina R. Alstr. do. Lehm. Sweet t, 15. b. mag. 3033. Caule flexuoso, fol. cuneat. obo- vatisque obt. tortis, umb. 4-5fl. involucrata, pe- talis cuneat. acum. Mexico, fine red flowers with purple spots, and greenish tips. 900. DoDECASPERMA R. diff. Alstr. cor. camp, petalis connivens subeq. 3 int. unguicul. stam, inclusis subeq. ovar. semisupero, stylo basi in- erassato recto, stigma 3. caps, plana apice tri- valvis, valvis septif, septis ad utrinque latere 23p. sem. 12 globosis cnccineis. — Type D, ncU' tifolta R. Alstr. do Link t. 29. b. ma:;. 3059. Vohibile, fol. petiol, lanceol. acum. subtus pu- bescens, fl. umbel, bracteis lanceol. Detalis ext. obi. croceis, internis spatulatis flavis. Mexico disc, by Deppe. Certainly quite unlike the two above in habit and characters. 36 CENTUIIIA X MONOCOT. ORCHIDES or Synaumia. This fine Nat. Order of plants shall be continued here ; hav- ing already given many Genera of it, see I, 1 17 to 138, 183 to 18G, 201, '211, 2'2(), to 224, 3J8 to 344, 372 to 377, 382 to 385, 804 to 806. It is now become one of the most interesting and prolific orders, evincing the vast progress of modern Botany. Linneus had only 9 (Genera of it, Adanson only 7 although he had Vanilla omitted by Linneus, Necker in 1790 had 17 Genera, Jussieu, Svvartz, Richard, Thouars had vastly increased them,(Persoon had 30) and now Lindley has over 200 Genera; but 100 have been or will be added by myself. The single Genus Epiclendriun which was a confuse med- ley has furnished 30 Genera, and even as re- formed lately it contains 10 or 15 more as I have shown. Necker had 3 which I could not ascertain as he gave no typical sp. biit I give here their characters that they may be ascer- tained and restored. 901. PiiADuosANTfius Ncck. 1474. Fetalis 4-5patulis ineqT undul. label, basi tubul. quad- rato dilatato ad apex, anther. *2. stig. infundib. Scaposa — This must include several Den.dro- biums, and Necker intimated that like Epiden- drum, it had many anomalies. 902. Eydis ANTHEM A JXcck. 1475 petalis 5 linear, subeq. Label, basi tubul. columna am- plectens, anthera cuculata 4luc. pollinis 8. stylo tubo adnato, stigma infundib. caps, ventricosa contorta. Caulescens. — Is it the Octomeria? of late xluthors. 903. Abuochis Neck. 1470. difl^. Orchis, pe- talis 5 ineq. label, resupinato Ld basi galei- -CENTUKIA X. 37 forme calcarato, antheris 2 cuculatis. Ovar. contortnm. Scaposn. Nccker only says this includes 10 of the linncan Orchis, diticreiit from his Dactijlorkiza with fasciciihued roots, a suhg. of Orcliis. It must include some Ha- beiiaria. 901, CoiLosTYLis R. (hollow St.) did; Epi- dendrum. Fetalis 5 eq. patulis, label, ad col. inserto, 3 part, lateralis ciliatis latis, medialis nuda linearis, columna vel stylo clavato, apex infundib. labiato bialato, stig. antherisque inter cavitas inclusis. Terrestrial, subcaidescens,fL racem. amplis.—'Y wo types blended as Lp. linearis L. 1. Coil, ohtusifolia Raf. fol. 2. biiiulatis obt. connatis, petalis linearib, cuspida- tis, columna campanul. dentata, lab. lac. media, elongata. In Antilles, root clavate, flowers tri- imcial petals greenish, lip and column white. — 2 Coil, emarginata R. Ep. ciliare b. m. 463 non L- Ep. cuspidatum Led. 10. b. reg. 7S3. fol. ternis bigulatis emarg. petalis lanceol. An- tilles, fl. large yellow, the column white. 905. Okxera R. diff. Aerides, label, infundi bulif. calcar conico incurvo, col. rostrata, an- thera rostrata basi 2loc. pollen 2 Parasit. caidesc. fl. spicatis. — Type (). cormita R. Aerides do Roxb. b. reg. 1485. fol. lii^uiatis apice obliq. emarg. spicis pendulis racemosis — India, fl. white incarnate, smell of tuberose. The Aerides or air flowers differ from Kpid. by a spur. 906. SuLPiTi\ R. (Nymph) difl*. Epid. La- hello libero 3lobo, disco callo magno obi. sulca- to, col. auric, stigm. cavo cordato, anthera nu- da terminalis. Parasit. bulbisterresiris hifolia- iis, spicatis — Type S. odorata R. Epid. do. b. reg. 1415, Encyclia patens Hock. b. m. 3013. 38 ILOUA TEILtTR. Macradenia tio Ludj bu{l)is ovatis sulcatis, fol. . 2, lis^ulatis casiijati?, sp. racem. paiJciH. bract, breviss. sepalis obov. snbeq. iabello brevis. Bra- zil, £jreen iVai,'rant flowers. This like the next has; been shuliled in various alien Genera. 907. OiuiosrEi^iA R. (neclvlace stem) diff. Ep'id. petalis subeq. ovatis, 3 ext. basi gibbosis coalitis, Iabello conformi cuculato ovato acute basi scrobiculato. Caidib. c/nvalis, arficulis trimldls monUlf. fol. (Usiiclns extr-axiUaris — Types 1. O. purpnrfa R. (Epid. monilif. L. Dendrobium do Sw. W. b. reg. 1314.) fol. cbl. obliq. einarg. obt. petiolis dilat. amplex. China, fl. purple — 2. O. albijhtra R. Epid. monile Thunb I diff. fol. acutis, fl. albis. Japan. 998. Jp:nsoa R. (Jap. bot.) diff. Epid. peta- lis obi. 2 internis, label, obi. basi cucul. apice deflexo obt. col. curva antice concava, stigm. obt. antheris '2 anticis, caps, teres tortilis. Sca- piisa, genlc. fol. ensalis. — Type /. ensata R. (Epid. do L. Limodornm do Th) fol. glndiatis, scapo tcreti genicul. bract, vagin. lanceol. Ja- pai!, B. yellow, spicate ? 909. JiMENsiA R. (Jap. bot.) Petalis ovatis concavis, *2 internis, label, trifido emarg. basi callis 2 obi. medio concavo, col. filif. incurva, stig. bifid, concavo, antheris 2 dorsalis, capsula clavata. 8caposa,foh gladiaiis^fl. spicatis — Type /, fieri'osa R. Limodorum striatum Th. fl. jap. scapo angulato, fol. rad. glad, nervosis, fl. cernuis, bracteatis. Japan, fl. yellow. The G. Limodorum contained many anomalies also, sp. with or without spurs, beards or no beards, many kinds of pillars or styles or clinandresifec. The shapes of capsules will afford good charac- ters in Orchides too much neglected heretofore. The Japanese, Chinese, Hindu and Arabic bo- CENTtrUIA X. 39 tanists deserve comernoration like ours. 910. DinoTiiiGN 11. {"2 warts) tlili*. Fjnd. La- hello tripartito bai^i bioalloso, lac. p.jcdia iinguic. oviita acuta, col. clavata, cap-ula filiformis. caiile (U'lic. clarato, bifollatiK sea pis stjuam. imhric. JJ. splcalis — Type JJ. clavatum \\. Kpid, do L. &.C. bot. reg. 1870. fol. term. lan- ceolatis binis.petalis lin, ciineatis aculis. Cuma- na, fl. green, lij) wliite. 1)11. l)iciiorir\LA II. (bici>l. ibl.) petr:\lis 3 superis galeatis coalitis basi gibbosis, 'Z inferis patens, labello oblougo basi buliato didyrno ad- natoque, longe nnguic. canalic. Antliera oper- culata 21oc. 2pollen. IScaposa, rhizomata^ fl. splcalis — Type D. rJrga US R. Gocdyera dis- color E. bot. reg. 271. ibl. ovatis ellipt. cuspid, subtus margineque rubris, scajm spathaceo. Brazil, fine sp. rhizoma violet, fl. white, very long claw to the lip. 912. Ii:niNE R. (Jap. name) petalis resupi- natis unguicul. ovatis, 3 externis, label io supero ovato basi bicalloso apice galeato, col. seinite- res, antheris 2 sess. caps, filif. tortilis. Scapo- sa fl. splcalis — 'I'ype /. h('rrosa-]X^. Oplirys do '1 h. fl. jap. fol. rad. ovatobi. nervosis suicatis, scapo nudo angulato. Japan, spike of purplish incarnate flowers. Unlike any of tlie G. remo- ved from Ophrys, habit of Spiranthes and Goodyera. 913. DoTiiiLOPnis R. (wait created) diffl Epid. sepalis 3 lane, petalis 2 ovatis, labello er»nforme ovato acum. integro concavo, basi cailo sulcato cristato, ad col. adherens, caules- cens fl. spicatis amplis bract ea lis — Type X>. purpurea R. Epid. Skinneri Lindl. b. reg. 188 L. fol. amplex. lato lanceol. acutis bract, obi. bre- vis. Guatemala, fine large purple flowers^ 40 FLORA TELLUR. another blended G. the warts or glands of the lip afford excellent i^eneric characters. 911. PsYcniLis R. (butterfly lip) diff. Epid. petalis eq. labello unguicul. libero, latere biala- to, disco incrassato lobato, apex obcord. Bul- bis terrestris trlfo/tatls, scopo raghiato fl. thifrsoldeis — Type P^. amena Jiaf. (Epid. bifi- diim Alibi. Svv, VV. Red. 64, b. reg. 1879) Bul- bisobl. artic. striatis, fol. term. 3el!ipt. obt. tri- nervis fl. laxis, petalisobl. acutis. South Amer, beautiful and strange flowers, petals green dot- ted purple, the lip tricolor wliite red and yellow. 915. Psvcnopsis R (butterfly form) diff. On- ctdlum, petalis bilabiatis, 3 ext. eq. lin. erec- tis, 2 internis recurvis falcatis undul. labello 3 lobo, disco crista triloba, Col. bialata fimbria- ta glandul, anthera term 21oc. goleata 4poIlin, Balbls terreslrisunifol. scapo arllc. paurifl, — Type P. picta R. Oncidium papilio Lind. b. r. 910, H. b. m. 2795. liulbis violaceis, folia ovata fusca, viride picta, scapo anceps. Trini- dad, quite distinct G. near the last, large flow- ers 3 or 4 inches wide, variegated of yellow and orange. 916. Gynizodon R diff. Onclrlium, petalis eq. labello truncate mucron.Einuato,disco lamel- lis sinuato dentatis truncatis. Col. bialata, gyni- zus bident. Balbis tcr. foL subtus ft supra bul- bf.s, scapis pnucijl — Type G. russrllanum R. One. do Lind. b. reg. 1830. Bulbis ovat. angul. fol. lanceol. petalis ovatis acu;n. label, obovato. Brazil, large flowers fuscate, lip with purple spots. What different G. from the last! 917. LopHiARis. R (thick crest) Petalis carnosisconformis, labello pandurato, disco cris- ta triloba carnosa, Col. alis carnosis, anthera CENTURIA X. 41 cristata. Acaulis^scapo ramoso — Type L.fra- grans Raf. (Epidcndrum ! lanceanum Lind. b. reg. 1887) Ibl. lato obi. uervosis carnosis, fl. confertis, petal is ovatis undulatis. Guyana, fl- yellovv with purple spots, lip purple, fine smell like Aerides and Pink. Genus nearer to On- cidium and the last than to E})idendrum ! 918. DiTLiLiMA li. (2 warts stig) diff. Den- flrobltim, pet. ext. ovat. connatis, 2int. minor, lab. unguicul. cuiieato emarg, sine callo, stigma bicalloso inter cavitas, anthera pedicel, pollen 4 didyma libera. Canle nriicul. foL dlstichis^fl. axil. — Type D. anceps R. (Dendr. do Sw. W. b. reg. 1*239.) cauiecompresso, articulis cuneat. truncat. fol. lanceol. ensatis fl. nutans, lab. cre- nulato. Bengal, Pegu, fl. greenish. 919. PiERAKDiA R. diff. Dendrobium, pet. 3 ext. lane. 2 int. latior, lab. spatuiato, unguic. lato invol. basi saccato calcarato. caule para- sit. artic.fol. alt.Jl. spiralis — Type P. blcolor R. (Dendrob. pierardi Lod.^750, Hook. b. m. 2584) fol. lanceol. patulis,labcllo obovato acute. Bengal, petals wliitc, lip yellowish base pur- plish. How diftcrent from last genus! 920. Paxstrepis R. (quite twisted) petalis omnis difformis angul. tortilis, 2int. minor, lab. stipit. basi ct a pice saccato, medio plicato, col. bicornib. 2 tubul. mclliiluis, BidMs ier. unifol, scapo nnljl. — Type P. paradoxa Raf. bulbis costatis, folia lanceol. Snerva, scapo pendulo, bract, tortilis, ovario sulc. non tortilis. Carac- cas, flower yellow with purple dots, lip orange, a most singular flower which Hooker could hardly describe and has wrongly united to 2 Genera, being hisGongora and Coryanthes ma- crantha, b. misc. 80, b. mag. 3102. Lind. b. reg. 1841. 0 42 FLORA TELLUK. 921. Plectrelmintiius R. (spur vvorrn)dift., Angrecum, pet. cq. lane. acum. lab. obov. ro- strato serrato, calcar longissime vcnniformis flexuoso apicc bilobo, col. basi angul. rostellata, pollinis 2 caudatis. Rad. fasc. teret. fol. im- brie, scapis dhnsis. — Type PI. bicolor R. Angr. caiidatum Lind. b. reg. 1844. fol. canal, emarg. scapis pendulis flexuosis 4fl. West Africa fl. green, lip white, spur 9 or 10 inches long — Angr. sesquipedale of Thouars is perhaps a se- cond species. 922. Onkeripus R. (swelled beneath) diff. Maxillarla, cor. basi saccata, petalis subeq. connivens, lab, integro undulato, basi bituber- cul. pollinis 4 ineq. binis anticis brevior. para- sit, bulb. ter. scapis radic. — Type O. pallidus R. (Maxill. pallidifl. Hook. b. mag. 2806.) bul- bis teretis, fol. lato lanceol. 'trinervis, scapo breve, bract, linearib. St. Vincent Antilles, fl. pale yellow. Maxillaria is another heteroge- nous G. of 40 sp. requiring revision, Lindley unites Colax and Xylobium to it wrongly, no constant characters even in pollen ! compare Dendrobium and Xylobium squalens with this Genus. 923. Pentulops R. (5 warts like) diff. Max- illaria, sepalis 3 ext. longior liberis, petalis 2 minor basi coalitis, labello cuculato, integro, basi callis 5 paralelis cristeformis. Bvlh. ter. unifol. scapo squamosa paucijl. — Type P. discolor R. (Maxil. do Hook. b. m. 1549. Xy- lobium Lindl.) Bulbis ovatis levis, folia ovata ellipt. acum. niultinervis, Jamaica &c flowers ochroleucos few on short radical scaly scapes. Quite unlike the last G. except in habit. 924. TuLEXis K. (warts outside) petalis pa- tulis tuberrulatis, lab. imdul, carinato truncato, CENTURIA IX. 43 col. erecta antice bident. postice .'Ment. ciliata, afitliera Slocul. capsula tereta tuberculata. Terreslris, ratL fil^r. cam. scapis artic. uni- fol. unijl. — Type T. hicolor Raf. (Brassavola tuberculata Hook. b. ni. 2878) folia crassa gra- niinea acum, supra sulcata, pet. lin. lanceol. Brazil, fl yellow with red spots, lip white. — The type of the G. Brassavola was Epidendrum cuculatum b. ni. 513 or Cymbidiuin do Sw. W. witii undivided ciliated lip with flat claw and smooth petals, capsule ^-c. Cymbidiuin inclu- ded many G. the C. echinocarpon and muri- catuni must be compared with this. 9*25. Lysimnia R. (Nymph) diff. Brassavola and Tulexis, petalis eq. linearib. levis, lab. cor- data acum. integro unque longior, col. integra postice calcarata, capsula clava levis. Epi- phyta j^ad. vermlc et bulb, unifoliata scapo sqaamoso paucijloro, — Type L. hicolor R. (Brassav. cordata Lindl. b. reg. 1914. folia ang. lanceol. carinata, scapo sq. remotis paucifl. Brazil fl. green, lip white, small round bulbs niixt with the worm like roots. Thus quite dif- ferent from last G, 920. DiLOMiLis R. (2 brim lipj diff*. Octome- ria, petalis eq. patulis lin. labello libero ligulato vix trilobo, disco bialato vel cristatis 2 longitud. crassis, anthera opercuK Sloe. Spol. caulescens, fol. dlstichis, fl. s\ylcatis — Type D. serrata R. (Octom. do Hook. b. mag. 2823) fol, lin. lanceol. apice dentic, serratis, spica laxa paucifl. Bra- zil, 11. whitish. Quite distinct in habit and characters from the real Octomeria with ad- nate lip, type Dendrob. angustif. W. 927. Enotiirea R. (nymph) diff'. Octomeria, petalis subeq. connivens ovatis acum, lab. con- forme basi bilobo tuberculis 2 oblongis, col. se- 44 FLORA TELLUR. miteres, anthera ovata, 21oc. poll. 8 in fascicu- lis 2 coalitis. Rhizoma repens squam, scapis tinifol.jl. axil. — Type E. graminifolia R. sca- pis setosis, folia lanceol. pe^lunculis axillaris ge- minata. Antilles. Wrongly put into 3 G. Epi- dendrum graminif. L. Dendrobium do W. Oc- tomeria do Hook. b. m. 2764. All these G. with 8 stamens or pollen form the group Octo- merides with many Genera. 928. FrosculaR. (Nymph) petalisS lanceol. supero fornicato, 2 lat. cum columna adnatis, desinens cum labello in calcar conico, lab. cu- cul. infundib. dentic. Col. brevis cava biloba, anthera 21oc, opercul. pollen sulcato bipartibi- lis caps, (lexuosa. Caulcscens pauclfl. — Type Fr. hispida R. caulib. erectis hispidisflexuosis, fol. lauceol. obt. apice, oblique emarg. fl. 1-3 term. sess. bracteis ovatis brevis calcar rigido obt. Mts. of Nipal, fl, white, lip with yellow streaks, Q,uite a peculiar G. although it is Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. b. reg. 1315. More akin to G. Pedilomim of Elume, but the type of it is Dendr. secundum of Sumatra, with petals equal secund like fingers, all coalescent with lip entire into a spur, stem articulate ^c. 929. Hecabe R. (nymph) diff. Bletia, peta- lis 5 patulis, lab. calcarato 31obo, lobis invol. crenato undul. col. libera semiteres, anthera ad apice immersa, pollen 4 bilobis, Bidhis ter. poliosis, scapis later, artic. spicatis. — Type n. lutea R. (Bl. wood ford i Hook. b. m. 2719) bulbis striatis, caule folioso sterilis, fol. lane, acutis plicatis macul. scapis radicalis floriferis. Trinidad, fl. yellow. Very distinct G. the Gen- era VacJiyne Sal. or P/iaius Lour. Spathoglo- tis Blume, — Gyas Sal. or my Anthogyas, have CENTURIA X. 45 all been blended in Bletia by Hooker den. — Also my Hexalectris, see 940- 930. CociiLEANTiiEs R. (sliell fl.) petalis con- nivens ovat. undid, lab. cochleato bilobo, basi crista cochleata (ut pecton plicata.) calcar col. clavata, anth. 21oc. 2labiata, pollinia 4eq. cau- lescens, fl. axillaris — Type C. fragrans 11. fol. lanceol. Snervis, pedic. Ifl. axillaris. Trini- dad, fl. ample fragrant white, lip purple. It is Zygopetalurn cochleare Lindl. b. reg. 1857, but quite a different G. from ^. maJcai H. b. ni. 2748, with petals secund, lip flabellate with a spur, anther calciform, 4 uneq. pollen. The Z. rostratum b. m. 2819 is probably another G. Menadenium Raf. no spur, pillar winged, lunu- lar gland &!.c. The Epid. fragrans and emii- luni appear to form a subg. near these, Bulbo- DicTis Raf. by petals free equal, lip cocheate entire bulbs reticulate conval- laria. 2. A, hitea ^r. My subg. Dlphryllum CENTURIA X. 49 1808 ditt'ers by internal petals bifid. The real G. Liparis or rather iny Mesoptcra (since there is a G. of fish Liparis) differs by 2 lateral wings to the middle of the pillar and bilobed lip. The G. Listera of Brown dilfers by wingless column. All have the same habit, see my monograph in New Flora, 942. DiTuiLis R. (2 wart lip) diff. from Lis- tera and Liparis by 2 warts on the lip, parasite plants. Type D, nepalensis Raf. Liparis bi- tuberculata Lindley. 943. AcROANTHEs R. 1808 (uncolored f1.) Microstylis Nut. 1818. This G. was once a Malaxis, 1 published it ten years before Nuttal in my remarks on Am. Gen. See my Mono- graph in New Flora, but Lindley has added many sp. to Microstylis some of which require revision. — I could still increase my N. G. of Orchides by other types, but these surely evince how much remained to be done in revising them. The lips, spurs, crests, pillars (also called cli- nandre, androphore &.c) glands, capsules &c, offer good characters often neglected for the anthers and pollens. The uniflore Disa like />. grandiflora are the type of the Genus, D. cornula and other spiked sp. must form my G, Gamaria — Eria and Stenia of Lindley worst of his names are my Exeria and Stenopolen — His Sophronia or Sophronitis, name preocu- pied is my Lopfioglotis ^'C. His Georchis is inadmissible unless Orchis be abolished, it is my Geohina. His Mon- Acanthus is my Cucu- lina SfC. I nov» conclude the Orchides and shall end the Monocotyles by a few G. of Dri- MIRIIIZES. 944. Endocodon R. (in bell) dilf. Maravta,, 1 50 FLORA TELLUJt. cor. triplex, ext. 3parf, eq. media 3part. ineq. interna 3part. ineq. 2 segm. latior. 1 labellif. cucul. anthera unica Hoc. ferens, stylus filif. basi coalito, stigma infundib. capsula 31oc. 3sp. Scaposa, Jl. congestis panicul. in spatha cam' panulata. — Type E. zebrinum Raf. Maranta do bot. mag. 1926, bot. reg. 385. fol. longe pe- tiol. ellipt. obt. raaculatis, scapis fol. brevior, spathis erosis 2-3j9. Brazil, singular habit akia to Calathea. 945. Zelmira R. (nymph) diff. Calathea,ca.\. Ssepalus, cor. duplex, infundib. limbi 3part. la- cinia 1 major difformis cuculata cornuta, filam. bilob. lobo unico antherifero, stigma fistulosuin- rostratum, caps. 3loc. 3sp. caulescens, fl- capi- talist spathis concentricis. — Type Z. violacea Raf. cal. doLindl. b. reg. 961. fol. ovatis petiol. capitulo ovali multiioro. Brazil. The real G. Calathea has corolla regular, 3 petaloid sta-^ mens, 2 sterile, style curved, stigma concave, type C. grandifl. C. longibraeteata, unless the G. Calla and Thea. become Provenzalia and my Theaphyla 1830, this will be an erroneous com- pound. 946. SiPiTOTRiA R. (tubes 3) diff. Alpinia^ cal, duplex utrinque tubulatis bilabiatis vel. ineq. 31obo, labio l-2dent. cor. tubulosa labio in- cluso, stam. sessilis. Caule folioso diviso ad scapo squamosa. — Type S. squamosa Raf. Alp. tubulata Edw. b. reg. 777. fol. lanceol. undul. acutis, scapo radic. brevis squamoso. Guyana, fl. redish. Quite distinct from Alpinra by tubular perigones. 947. BcJERiA R. (bot.) diff. Alpinia, cal. 3 fid- ineq. stylo filif. pubesc. basi glarda biloba, stig. capit. lissm'a transv. caps. 31oc. sem. pyrif. in pulpa. — Type B. magnijica R. Alp. do. Ros- CENTURIA IX. 51 coe, Hook. b. mag. 3192 who says it ought to be a Genus. Mauritius Id- If Bojer had a G. already, we may substitute Doxantiies meaning glorious flowers. Brown has wrongly united Reneahnia of L. to Alpinia, and framed a N. G. Renealmia my Ezcria near my Olsy- nium differing by unequal petals, but his R. pul- chella with 3 inner petals subeq. unguic. and free stamens is probably an Orthrosantes, 948. Ilythuria R. (nymph) diff. Thalia, cal. 3part. eq. acum. cor. tubo trigono, limbus du- plex, ext. 3fid. eq. undul. intern. 3fid. ineq. uno segm. cuculato, filam. petaloid. bipart. anthera unica clavata adnata, stylo teres incurvo, stig. concavo, drupa uniloc. — Type 11. cannaformis Raf. Thalia do, Forst, Pers. Buch. ic. in Symes ~y travels, dichot. fol. ovat. ellipt. acum. petiolis spathaceis, pedic. artic. furcatis multifl. fl. alt. spathis lane, from Pegu to Polynesia. — The Thalia geniculata of America agrees in nothing but the fruit a drupe stated to be bilocular by L. the corolla has 5 petals only, the 2 internal urceolate, the filament is lanceolate &-c. It is the type of Thalia. 949. Spirostylis R. diff. Thalia, cal. 3sepa- lis subeq. ovatis acutis, cor. duplex. 6petala, pet. 3 ext. obov. eq. 3 int. ineq. filam. petaliform apice concavo, basi ferens anthera Hoc. longe pedunc. filif. stylo spiralis, stig. magno labiato concavo; fructus obov. levis nux flexilis Hoc. 1 sperma. Acaulis, fl, panic, spathis Realms 2/1 — Type Sp. hiflora Raf. Thalia dealbata Rose. Pursh. El. .&.c fol. petiol. ovatis, fl. panic, spathis 2fl. subeq. convol. Florida and Caro- lina, seen alive, fl. purplish binate small sessile. Nearer to Ilythuria by fruit and corolla, but 53 FLORA TELLUR. distinct by petals, style, anther. I had called it Malacarya in 1817. 950. Xypuostylis R. diff. Canna, cor. basi tubulosa, segm. 3 int. ineq. undul. filam. ineq. bipart. anthera adnata, stylo ensiformis, stig. lin. involute — Types 1. X. lutea Raf. Canna flac- cida Rose, and Amer. Authors, fol. ovatobl. fl. luteis — 2. X. angustif. R. Canna do W. auct, fol. lanceol. fl. rubris, cor. segm. int. rectis emarg. Both from Florida to Louisiana. The real G. Canna (root of Canna-bis) or rather Katubala of Adanson has style clavate, stigma obtuse and other differences, D51. CRATODIA Raf. 1815. This order of mine distinguished from Orchides by a calix and fruit commonly multilocular, was the Nat. fam.ily Scitaminea of Linneus ; but this name has been restricted to the Gr. Musa, Heliconia and akin with berries ) diff. Fritil- laria, petalis 6 campanul. 3 int. obov. latior, omnis basi ext. gibbosis, intus fossula melea, stam. 6 glabris filif. anth. lin. stig. 3. Pol. opp. et vertic. cirrhosis, Jl. axill, — Type K. cirr- hosa R. Frit, do Grab. Imperialis leucantha Fischer. Fol. inf. oppos. ovatis, sup. vertic. lin. lanceol. carinatis cirrhosis, f^. paucis axill. pen- dulis. Altaic Mts. fl. white. Add this G. to the Lilies near my G. Baimo 867, with same habit, and my Hexorima of 1808 sp. of Strep- topus. 54 FLORA TELLUR. DICOTYLES. (Peripelalic.) 955. Veronica L. I begin the revision of this fine series of plants by a Genus that I had divi- ded into ten groups before 1815: few Botanists have seen the necessity of this, and except Hebe hardly any have been attempted ever since, except Leptandra of Nuttal which was my Calistachjfa of 1808. Yet this G. contains over 100 sp. offering the greatest anomahes of good characters. 1 shall now reform it into 14 Genera and 8 subgenera quite distinct, that form quite a peculiar family my VERONICIA of 1815, with Pederota, Solomonia and all the diandrous G. wrongly united to Pediculares by Jussieu or Scrophularides by others. They are easily known by corolla subregular, 2 stamens, one stigma, capsule bilocular, partition contrary to valves «J'C. The real G. Veronica will be yet very prolific and known by calix 4partito ineq. 2minor. corolla subrotata, Aloha subeq. 1 minor, stam. "2 glabris filif. slylo filif. cap- sula compressa. 2 locuL sub 4valv. oligosper^ ma. — It contains 7 subg. at least. 1 . Becabunga 11, caps, obcord. compressa, cal. ineq. — Types almost all the sp. Ver. beca- bunga, anagallls, arvensis, digitata, precox, reniformis, pectinata, and many other sp. but the Authors seldom notice the differential char- acters. 2. Isonica Raf. capsula obcord. vel. biscu- lata, compr. cal. 4part. equalis. — Types V. c/ia-^ medrifs, peduncularis, urticifolia, biloba, ver^ na, pinnata, scutellata, complicata &c. 3. Fimhrida R. caps, biscutata, cal. ineq. CENTURIA X. 55 ampla finibriato. — Types V. agrestis, calycina, and akin species. 4. Orboiiica R. caps, orbicul. compressa,cal. obov. amplo — Type V. arguta &c, 5. Dodecula R. cal. 4part. subeq. cuneatis trifidis — Type V. glauca Sm. fl. gr. 17. procera, fol. cord, serrat. ped. Ifloris. 6. Alponica R. cal. bracteato cil. caps. obov. emarg. stylo persistens, stig. capitato. — Types V. alpina, WormsJdoldi, &.c. 7. Endasia R. cal. 4part. corolla 4part. un- dulata, crenata faux villosa. caps, ovata semi 4 valv. — Types V. maritima, splcata, spuria, cre?iulata, elliptica <^c. 8. Meionica R. cal, 4fidus subeq. caps, or- biculata vel truncata — Types V. montana, tau- rica, pedunculata &c. 956. Odicardis R. (2 teeth heart) diff. Ve- ronica, cal, diphyllo. sepalis magnis cordatis serratis bidentatis. Capsula biscutellata 2 loc. 2sp. marg. dehiscens, sem. concavis pendulis rugosis (in V. plerumque planis levis) — Type Od. cristagalli R. Ver. do Stev. Sm. fol. ovatis serratis sess. fl. solit. axill. Mts. Caucasus. 957. Panoxis R. 1830 m. fl. diff". Veronica, cal. 4part. eq. cor. tubulosa 4fida eq. caps. obi. acuta. — Types V. salicifoUa, cataracta, ma- crocarpa ^c, compare with 9C0. 957. Derwentia R. diflf. Veronica, cal. 4 part. eq. cor. vix rotata bilabiata, lab. sup. inte- gro erecto lane. acut. lab. inl. trilobo, stylo de- clinato — Types I D. suaveolens R. (Ver. der- wentia Andr. rep. t. 531. V. labiata Br. Sm. H. b. m. 3461.) fol. lato lanceol. acum. serratis, ra- cemis axill. elong. Australia fl. white fragrant 2 D. perfoliata R. (V. do Br. b. mag. 1936) 56 FLORA TELLUR. fol. ovatis connatis 5nervis acutis, racemis gra- cilis. Australia fl. blue. Probably many other sp. of Oceania. 959. PoNARiA R. 1330 m. fl.— calix 5part. subeq. cor. 41oba subeq. — Types Ver. pona, la- tifolia., laciniata &c. The G. Ampbianthus Torrey differs by cor, tubular infund. stam. in- cluded, stig. bifid. 960. EusTAXiA .R. 1817, Calistachia R. 1808 not of Vent. Leptandra Nut. 1818, diff. Yeronica, cal. 5part. subeq. cor. tubulosa, apex 41ob. ineq. filam. exertisfilif. stylo similis. caps, ovata acum. 21oc. polysp. apex bivalvis, valvis inflexis, placenta contrario, jPoZ. vertic. oppos. fl. spicatis. — Fine G. first distinguished by my- self in 1802, published 1808, hardly of family Veronicia like the two next. Several American and Asiatic Sp. see my monographs of 1820 of Med. fl. 1830, and of New Flora: E. alba,pur- purea, villosa, oppositijblia, sibirica, jnpo- nica &c. It belongs to family Lilacines? with Lilac, Nyctanthes, Hebe &c, the capsular Jas- MINIDES. 961. Hebe Com. Jus. diff. Verow2Crt, cal. 4 part. cor. hypocraterif limbus 41obus, caps, ovalis biloc. valvis 2 invol. placenta centralis^ stipitato. Frutex, fol. opp. racemis, panic. — Removed by Jussieu to the Jasminea, akin to Lilac — Type //, magellanica Juss. fol. peren- nantib. ellipt. integris, racemis axill. called Ve- ronica decussata by W, P. and nearly all the Authors. 962. Allopleia R. 18.30, diff. Yeronica, cal. campan. 4-5fid, cor. rotata 4-5fida ineq. stam, 3-4incurvis, stig. truncato, caps, obcordata. Caule artic. fl. axill. — Type A. rotundifolia Raf. Ver. do RP. fol. E>ubrot. 1-3 ad articulis. CENTURIA X. 57 Peru. Although the capsule is quite like Ve- ronica, the extra number of stamens render it a doubtful Gr. of the family. AH the Genera of capsular peripetal flowers with 2 stamens ought perhaps to form a pecu- liar order ARINEMIA, and then the families VeRONICOIDES, JuSTICOIDI;S, lilLACINES (Slc, should belong to it, as well as GRATioLiDESwith unilocular capsules — Clytiirelia Raf. 1815 with spurs, types Finguicula and Utricularia — Calceolides, types Calceolaria, Baeola, Jove- lana, Pederota, Wulfenia &c. This would be a very distinct natural order, although some may contend that as in Labiates, 2 or 4 sta- mens are not essential, why not as much as valves and placentas ? 963. Ygramela R. 1833 atl. J, diff. Limo- sella, cal. camp. 4fid. ineq. cor. camp, subeq. 5 loba, 2 erectis, 3 patulis inf. stam. 2, stylo bre- vis, stig. bilobo, caps, globosa uniloc. bivalv. polysp. sem, centralis, fol. radic, scapis iinifl, — Type Y. marUlma, R. fol. filif. obt. glabris, scapis fol brevior. Sea Shores of N. Amer. in New Jersey, cespitose, uncial, fl. bluish white. — Limosella silesiaca and capensis having two stamens are probably 2 other sp. but if they have the calix 5fid as in Limosella, they must form a subg. or G. Mtitafmia Raf This with the next G. is of family Gratiolides. Limo- sella with 4 stamens and cal. 5fid, was wrongly put among Lysimachides by Jussieu, it must belong with IJesleria, Maturea and many G, akin to Gratiohi byuniloc. capsule, to the family of Mesofiiores, that have 4 unequal stamens. 964. Peltoiela R. 1833 (small pelt, stig.) diff. Limosella, calix 3 dent. cor. 4partita, stylo incurve, stigma peltato, stam. 2. — Type P. cim- 8 58 FLORA TELLtJK. fAita R. Limos. diandra L. &c. fol. lin. ciinea- tis, scapis equante — India, Quite distinct G. although habit similar, belonging to Gratioli- NEs as well as Hemianthus, Micrantheinum &c. OG^s Ilysantiies R. 1820 annals. This in- cludes the American sp. of Lindernia, with cor. tubul. bilab. 2fertile stam. and 2sterile, stigma bilam. caps, uniloc. myriosperma, placenta free central. Many sp. see their monograph and that of our Gratiolas in my new flora. Gra- tiola includes also several Genera, and the subg. Psidiola, without calicule. 966. Ambulia Ad. diff". GraieoZa, cor. tubul. vel urceol. limbo 4lobo subbilab. inf. Slobo, stam. 4 fertiles in tubo. stigma bilobo, — Type A. (data R. 4gona Hook. b. m. 3134. glabra, caule 4gono 4alato, fol. lanceol. serrat. subau- ricul. fl. subspic. sess, cor. lobis retusis. cal. 2 bract. B. Ayres, fl. blue — 2. A. rigida R. (Gr, do flc tex, 5. Gr. acuminata Walt. El. &c) gla- bra rigida, caule 2-4gono, fol. rhomboideis, basi cuneatis, apice serratis obtusis, fl. axill. ped. caL ebract. cor. lobis subdent. Florida to Texas. Subg. Aotilix by no calicule. Some asiatic sp, belong here. This G. by 4 stamens belongs to my family Antiiostomia 1815 which has many subfamilies Celsides, Digitalides, Antirhini- des besides Herpestides to which it belongs with 4 G. blended in Herpestrs, Monnieray Habershamia, Macuillamia, see my Neogeny- ton 1825 and new flora, where all akin G. are rectified. The G. Bramia of Ad. only differs by upperlip bifid forming a Slobed corolla. 967. Isoloba R. diff'. Pinguicula, cal. camp, subeq. 51obo, cor. camp, equalis 51oba, lobi& emarg. calcarsubul. stam. 2 connexa, antheris peltatis adnatis, stig. sess. petaloideus bilak CENTURIA IX. 59 caps, globose Hoc. 4vahis? — Types 1. /. lutea R. (Ping, do Walt. Vahl, Mx. E. &c. campa- nulata Lam. Pers. &c.) pubescens, viscidula, fol. ovat. obt. fl. luteis, calcar brevis recto. Ca- rol. Florida ^c — 2 /. pumila R. (Ping, do Mx. P. E. (fee,) pumila, pilis capitatis, fol. ovat obt. fl. pallide cerul. cal. et caps, villosa, calcar tu- bo eq. Carol. Florida — 3. 1. recurva R. (Ping, cedentula Hook.) pubescens, fl. nutans luteis, •calcar recurvo cor. brevior, fol. sess.ovatis acu- tis.— 4. /. elatior R. (P. do Mx. P. E.) fol. spat, ovatis obt. viscidis, scapo basi villoso, ft. purpuro striatis, corolla tubo ventric. calcar compr. obt. Is the P, acutifolia Mx. a real Pinguicula or same as Is. recurva ? Ping. lu~ sitanica appears another sp. of Isoloba, the cor. having 5 lobes eq. emarg. stig. cone, bilab. but the spur is only saccate — The real European G. Pinguicula differs by cor. bilabiate, capsule oblong or obcordal. P. cristallina fl. gr. t. 1 1. has spur saccate, capsule globose. 968. JusTicA Necker, Justicia ! L. auct. Adatoda Tourn. Ad. &c. The tropical regions swarm with plants referable to this group, rath- er than Genus. Linneus had 37 sp. with Dian- thera, Persoon had 100 in 8 sections, each real Genera. Vahl and Vitman had 117 and now we know nearly 200. Dianthera was improper- ly united by some botanists ; but Necker had 2 detached G. Geunsia and Roslinia; he properly stated that Justicia like Yeritas or Prudentia could not be generic names without modifica- tions. Few Genera offered so many distinct characters for good Genera, as stated by R. Brown, 40 such will be afforded when all the sp. will be well revised: meantime Crossandra, Apelandra, and Elytraria have been separated. 60 FLORA TELLUR. I will now offer 28 typical Genera, two of which were in first part 311, 378. The real Justicoi- DEs have all 2 stamens, and are a group very near to Veronicoides, while those with 4 sta- mens are nearer to Ruellia in the family of AcANTiiiDES. — The real G. Justica will still contain all the sp. with calix simplex^ 5part. ineq. cor. tubul. hilab. sup. emarg. vel hident. inf. trilobo, vcl 3Ji,do antheris monoloc. sp. 19 to 42 of Persoon ; but even this affords subgen- era, such as. 1. Echolia Raf. cor. tubo filif. incurvo, lab. sup. lin. bifido reflex inf. ineq. trifido — Types J. ciliata or Echolium L. with most of the Justi- cia 19 to 32 of Persoon. 2. Gandarusa Rumph. cor. tubo recto, Jl. verticillatis^ Types J. gandarusa^ vertic. and others akin. 3. Pidcolia Raf (n. ind.) cal. parvus, tubo cor. filif. lab. sup. linearis angusto integro? re- flexo, inf eq. Sfido. stam. exerta. Type J. na- suta L. and akin sp. a link with next Genus. 4. Hirselina Raf. cor. pubescens, filam. hir- sutis, capsula compr. marginata. Type J.pan- iculata L. and akin, 5. Loncotoma Raf. (cut lance) cal. foliaceus ineq. lab. sup. recto lanceol. bifido. — Type /. carthaginensis L. ^'C — See till 990 for the re- vised Genera. The G. Elytraria chiefly differs, by habit scapose, cal. 4parted, cor. subeq, 5lobo The G. Nelsonia of R. Brown, very akin to this differs by no sterile stamens, Australian G. of2 sp. N. rotundif, campestris. Aphelandra oilR,. Br. chie y difl'ers by habit, 4gone bracteate spikes, lower lip subentire. 969. Adatoda Raf diflr. ./?/5hm, cor. ringens, lab. sup. recto concavo integro. — Types A. CENTURIA X. 61 arborca R. (J. adatoda L.) A. betonica, re- pens ? ia7it/iera, capsula monosperma ! thus not even of this family, are the cells monosperm ? the cor. is bilabiate but undescribed. Type D. dehilis Forsk. Vitm. 984. Panemata R. (all bloody) diff". Dmw- thera, cor. tubulosa, subtrifida, lac. 2ineq. lan- ceol. Type P. zeylonica R. Just, sanguino- Jenta Vahl, Vitm. «Slc repens fol. obi. obt. petiol. pedunc. axil. Ifloris. Ceylon, whole plant bloody color. Compare Adatoda repens. 985. Calasias R. (cal. hairy) diff. Dianthe- ra^ cal. duplex, ext. 2sep. internus camp. 5fido villoso. cor. tubul. longissima. lab. sup. latior. — C hracteata R. (D. trisulca Forsk, J. biflora Lam 4*0) frutex brachiato, fol. obi. integris co- riaceis, pedunc. axill. 2-3fl. bract, lane, flavis Arabia, fl. orange color, 986. Crateola R. diff. Jiistica, cor. hypo- craterif. tubo brevis basi iirflato, limbo piano 5 lobo vel 5partito equalis. Types the J. vincoi- des, J. parviflora Ortega non Retz, &c, pubesc. lanceol. fl. subvertic. bract, subul. Mexico. 987. Oplonia R. (weapons) diff.' Jw5f/c«,cor. CENTUHIA X. 65 hypocraterif. tubo tereto. limbus 5lobo, bilabia- te, lab. sup. bilobo piano. Type Opl. spinosa R. Justicia do L. auct. Prickly sbrub, and pro- bably all the prickly American sp. J, microphy- la, armata, acicularis t^'C. 988. Cros^sandra Sal. Harrackia Jaq. diff. Justica, cor. infundib. tubo filif. linjbo amplo, lobis 5, infiiuo major. Stam. 4. — Type Cr. undulata Sal. b, vg^. 69. fine plant shuffled mto 4 Genera, Just, intbndib. L. &c. Ruellia do Andr. rep. 542. Harrackia speciosa Jaq. eel. 33. — J. sinuata is probably a 2nd sp. Not even of Justicides group, but akin to Ruellia in Acan- TIIIDES, 989. Amathea Raf. Roslinia Neck, not Mench (see 495) cal. 5part. cor. rinc^ens, tubo, compr. faux ampliata, galea erecta bifida, lab. 3fid. media major lane, deflexa. Stam. 4 suhcq. frutic. fl. spic. bract, — Type Am. pulchra Raf. Justicia do Jaq. pict. 259. Lin. &c, fol. ovat. pet. acum. subt. torn, spicis 4gonis, bract, cordatis. South Amer. fl. rod lar^e. Quite a distinct G. akin to my Dlnianlsa 310, that dif- fers by double calix and unequal stamens, be- sides habit. These 2 G. belong to the Acan- thides^ 990. Rukllia L. auct. This G. chiefly dif- ferent from Justica by 4 stanjens subequal, but had fewer anomalies, the corolla was commonly subequal camp. 51obed. Pcrsoon had GO sp. Smith refers here the Justicia gangetica L. which I suspect to be a Crossandra, or a pecu- liar subg. Canirama Raf. — ^IIc says that R. depressa is not even of same family: while R. hlechum and anisophyla with equal calix form the G. Blexum Br. Jus. j^. harhata has beard- 9 G6 FLORA TELLUR. ed stamens and anthers aristate, perhaps not of this G. R. strepens has the filaments connected bj membranes, thus a subg. Hemelosia Raf, The Gerardia tuherosa real type of Gerardia has been united to Ruelha by Swartz but wrongly. Gaissomeria differs by cor. tubulose and curved, Lepidagathis besides by regular limb. 991. Ijvtrusaria Raf. diff. Ruellla, cor. lac. infima intrusa fornicata, caps, loculis dispermis. — Type Intr. bicolor Raf. R. intrusa Forsk. Vahl. Vitm. W. P* &c. Arabia, and perhaps R, macrophila Vahl, is a 2d sp. with unequal lobes and same fruit. 992. Antheilema diif. Raellia, cal. ineq. lac. supera major, cor. tubulosa filif. bilabiata, lab. sup. 2fido, infer 3fido eq. — Type Anth. pan- iculata R. Ruellia do L. auct. and Browalia alienata L. put in two Genera ! Akin to the G. Phaylopsis, is it the same ? R. imhricata Forsk is a 2d sp. 993. Hygrophila R. Br. Sm. difT. Buelliaj cal. basi tubul. 5fido ineq. caliculatus, cor. tu- bul. camp, limbo rlngens ineq. 5lobo — Types 1 H. malaharica Raf. (R. ringens L. auct.) 2 halsamica L. 3 angustif. Br. 4 ocymoides Cav. t. 416.— 5 H. oUongifolia Raf. R. do Mx. It is of this plant that Leconte (the opponent of bo- tanical improvement) has said it was a wonder that the Genera manufacturers had not sepa- rated it from Ruellia ! The G. to which it realy belongs had been noticed long ago ! and since fixed by Robert Brown,no contemptible impro- ver and Genera maker ! 994. UruDALiA Raf. (n. ind.) diff. Ruellia, stam. 2 fertiles, 2 steriles. — Type Up. pulcheUa Raf Ruellia varians Vent. eels. t. 48. P, Eran- CENTURIA X. 6^ themum pulchellum Andr. t. 88, Tlius another link with Justica. 995. Gerardia Plumier non Ij. nee auct. diff, Ruellia oaL 5lid, oor. tubul. bilab. galea erecta eniarg. labio inf. 31obo refl. lat. ernarg. medio biddo. Caps 21oc. valvis non septiferis (tf'C. Not of family Acantiiides, but the real Personates of my family ANTHOSTOMIA having partitions paralcl to valves. I have proved (following Smith) in my new flora that this is the real original U. Gerardia, and I have given the monograph of 40 N. Amer. sp. blend- ed with it, but belonging to the G. Aureolaria, Panctenis, Agalinis, Tomanthera, Dasistema, Seymeria, Dasanthera, Pagesia, Ovostima,Rus- selia, Macranthera TiPTiA R. (edge reversed) cor. limbo CENTURIA XI. 75 Integrorevoluto, Stigma ovatum integrum. Type Ip. hracteata Cav. perhaps a Genus. 1018. Gynoisia Raf. (fern, hairy) diff. Con- volv, stam. basi vill. ovar. villoso, stigma globo- so indiviso, capsula vill. 41oc. 4sp. — Type G. Carolina liaf. Conv. and Ip. do or trichocarpa L. et auct. see my nevv flora. Different from Pharbitis by cells monosperm. Conv, quinque folius li. is probably a '2d sp. with corolla Sdentate. 1019. EuRYL03iA R. (broad edge) diff*. Conv. cal. 3segm. internis major, cor. infundib. limbo profunde 51obo, lobis latis rotundis, stam. exser- tis subineq. stigma bilobo — Types 1 E. grandi- flora Raf. Conv. do L. — 2 E. latiflora R. Conv. do Poiret, Ip. do RS. bot. reg. 889. Ip. grandifl. Andr. b. rep. 403. fol. cord. acum. glabris, ped. 3fl. Antilles, large white flowers — 3 E. leucantha ? Conv. do D. Sm. Ipomea do Jaq. Scop. t. 4. Vitm. fol. cord, subangul. acum. glabris subtus rubris, ped. 2fl. America,fl. white small, capsule brown. 1020. DoxEMA R. (glory bloody) diff*. Convolv. calix urceolatus, lac. 5ineq. filif. basi membr. <;oalitis, cor. infund. tubo curvo clavato, limbo inflato 5dent. stam. exserta ineq. arcuata, stylo arcuato, stylo arcuato, stig. capitato — Type X>. sanguinea R. Ipomea do W. P. bot. reg. 9. Quite unlike the other Genera by curved tube, stamens calix &c. 1021. Mo D EST A R. (nymph.) diff*. Convolv. ca- lix imbric marginato, cor. hypocrat. tubo crasso limbo piano 5fido, lobis dilat. emarg. stam. basi barbatis, stig. didymo, caps. 2loc. 4valvis, se- mina lanata — Types M. paniculata R. fConv. do L. Ipom. do b. reg. G2. Ip. mauritiana Jaq.) fol. palm. 3-5fidis, lobis ovatis acut. undul. inte- 76 FLORA TELLITR. gris, pediinc. paniculatis. East Indies &c — 2. M. insignis Raf, Ipomea do Andr. rep. 636. bot. reg. 75. fol. cord, rcpando lobatis acum. fl. cymosis. E. Indies, fl. rosate. — 3 M. macro- rhiza, R. Ip. do Mx. &c. — This G. has 3 sub- genera somewhat different Dccaloha, Qaulo- tulis and Gomph/pus. 1022. Decaloba Raf. diff*, cal. subeq. cor. lOloba vel lOemarg. stig. capit. emarg. granu- ulato. Types 1 Mod. mutahilis Raf. Ipomea do bot. reg. 39. frutic pub. fol. cord, integris Slobisve acum. supra villosis scabris, subt. to- ment. ped. cymosis. South America. — 2. M. congesta R. Ip. do bot. reg. 333. caule tuberc. fol. palmatis lac. cuneatis acutis, ped. l-4fl. Buenos Ayres, fl. incarnate. — 4 M. coriacea R. Conv. hypocraterif. Desr. Lam. Rees 55, frut. fol. cord, coriaceis, ped Ifl, sepe geminis. E. Indies. 1023. Caulotulis Raf. diff. cal. segm. 3 ext, cordata major, cor. infund. 5fidis, lobis dilat. cuspid atis plicis oppositis. — Types iff. tuhercu- lata R. (Ip. do bot. reg. 86. Convolv. digit. Roxb.) frutic. ramis tuberc. fol. pedatis 5-9fidis, lac. obi. ped. 3-4fl. East Indies — Ip. dasycar- pa Jaq. is perhaps a 2d sp. Both perhaps akin to Ipomea, but calix,stamens, stigma, capsule as in Modesta. 1024. GoMPHipus R. (club under) diff*. exactly like jypxaloha except corolla semi 5fid, not lOlobed. Type 31, setosa R. Ipom. do bot. reg. 335. setosa hispida, fol. cord, trilob. dent, acum. pedunc, multifl. pedic. clavatis. Brazil, said to be akin to Ip. batatas and platanifolia, are they of same group? I never could meetlp. batatas in bloom. 1025. Idalia R. (nymph) difl^ Convolv. calix CENTURIA XI. 77 infundib. Sfido ineq. ciliato, cor. rotata camp. 5fida, stam. 5 subeq. in tubo, stylo brevi, stig. 2 linearis, caps globosa 21oc. 2sperma. — Type Id. alhiflora Raf. (Convolv. elongatus W. P. hot. reg. 498) fol. subsess. cord, aciit. pilosis pe- dunc, elongatis l-'2fl. bracteis subulatis vestitis. Canary Ids. Near to G. Stevogtia and Turpe- thum by 2sccded capsules. 1026. BoNANox R. diiF. Convolv. cal. conni- vens margine membranaceo, cor. hypocrat. tubo longo clavato, limbo rotato integro vel Sfido, stam. ineq. ad apex tubo, stigma capit. 41obo, capsula 21oc. 4sperma — Types 1 B. riparia Raf. Ip. bonanox L. auct. bot. mag. 752. Caule scabro, prostr. fol. cord, angul. acum. cal. aris- tatis. Antilles and Florida, fl, large and white, forming with the 2 next the subg. Mundavai,is Raf. by corolla entire. — 2 B. orhiculata Raf. Ip. do Elliot, caule scabro prostrato, fol. orbic. emarg. venosis glabris, ped. subtrifl. cal. ovat. mucron. Florida, fl. purple — 3 B. indica Raf. Ip. bonanox L. Rheed lit. 50. caule scandens aculeato. fol. cord. acut. integris, ped. tortuosis 2-3fl. India, large violet flowers — 2d subg. Gom- PHULA Raf, corolla 5fid. 4 B. muricata R, Convolv. do L. auct. I p. bonanox bot. reg. 290. caule muricato, fol. cord. acum. pedunc unifl. clavatis, cal. acum. East Indies, fl. blue. 1027. Cleiemera R. (morning glory) diflf. Convolv. cal. subeq. connivens subul, hisp. cor. infund. limbo 5angulis, vel Sdentatis, plicis ad dentis opp. stam. vix ineq. stig. capit. 2-3lobo, caps. 2-31oc. loculis 2sp. — Types the various sp. blended as Conv. and Ip. nil, at least 6 — 1. CI. hederacea R. (Ip. do Jaq. col. t. 124, bot. reg. 85. Ip. barbata Roth, Ip. nil Fursh, Conv. nil Mx.) fol. subtrilobis hirsutis, ped. brevis trifl. '8 FLORA TELLUR. North Anier. fl, blue — 2 CI. hirsuta R. Ip. nil Elliot. Dillen f. 9'2. Hirsuta, fol. cord. acum. nonulis 3Iobis, ped. brovis l-3fl. cal. liirsutissi- mis muricatis longe acum. Carolina, Kentuky 1038. LoBAKE Raf. diff. Convolv. cal. eq. cor. Sloba, lobis rtcuminatis, stig. 2 reflexis, capsula villosa — Type L, gmjanensis R. Conv. do Aubl. t. 52 auct. ciner. toment. fol. ovatobl. fl. capitatis. Akin to Ex otreps swhg. of Sanilum 1003, differs by cal. equal &c. 1039. EiHULiNA U. diff. Convolv. cor. 5fida, capsula 4locul. 4sp. — Type jG. pnrvijlora R. Conv. do D. Lam. not L. solanitbl. Rees, fol. cord. obi. ped. nniltifl. Antilles. Akin to Gy- noisia 1018, but different corolla, stamens and probably stigma ! L. 1040. Latrienda R. diff. Conv. or rather Pharbitis by stigma capit. capsula 31ocular. sepe tri2:ona, 3sperma — Perhaps only a subg. of Pharbitis but the cells are monosperm and con- stantly 3. Types 1. L. soldaneMa R. Conv. do L. auct. cal. double, a subg. with the next 2 L. im- perati R. Conv. do auct. 3 L. multiflora R. Conv. do Miller, Martens, Rees. — 4 L. palma- tus R. Conv. do of same authors. — 5 L, hrasi- iiensis R. Conv. do L. auct. see 1028. — The C. 5folhts Miller not L. is stated to have 2 seeds in each 3 cells, and thus would be a Pharbitis 5folia Raf, fruticosa, fol. 5part. Mexico, large purple fl. and fruit like an apple! 1041. TuRBiNA R. diff. Convolv. capsula tur- binata, uniloc. membranosa, 2-3sp. — Type T. corymhosa R. Conv. do L. auct. Genus near Melascus and Ornithosperma, but cor. regular campanul. how is the stigma? family Aplarma. 1042. Camonea R. (nymph) diff. Convolv. cal. equalis, cor. infundib. limbo 5lobis acutis, stig. capit. bilobo. — Type C bifida Raf Conv. do Vahl. auct. fol. cord, obi, acuni. mollis, ped bi- fidis multifl. Java &c. 11 82- FLORA TELLUK. 1043. Nemostima R. (fil. stig.) difl', Convolv* cal. equalis, cor, subrotata plana, stig. 2 filifor- mis, vel stylo bifido. stig. acutis— Types 1 N. canariensis R. Conv. do L. auct. frutic. villosa fol. cord, ped, multifl — 2 N. camtabtnca R. Conv. do L. auct. Erectus, fol. linearib, ped, multifl. Spain and Maroco — Besides two subg. Trichima R. cor. rather campanulate fl. not involucrate Types Conv. hystrix, lineatus, spi- cafollus, of authors — Periexa R. cor. camp, fl- involucrate, Gphyl, 3 alt. major, cal. linearib. 2bract. stylo bifido. stig. acutis — ^Type Conv. lanatiis L. (cneorum Forsk.) 1044. Palixnos Raf. (slender cal.) diff*, Conv. cal- subeq. setaceus. cor. subinfund. stig. capit. bilobo, fol. oppositis ! — Habit quite peculiar,no other Convolv. has opposite leaves. Type C. trinervius Raf Conv, do L, auct. glabra volub. fol, pet. cord. obi. acum. trinervis, fl. axil, sub- sess. sepe binis. Japan fl. purple : they must ofler additional characters, fruit unknown ! 1045. DisTiMAKE R. (2 ac. stig.) diff*. Convolv. cor. infundibul. limbo 51obo, stigm. 2 longis acutis. — This has the corolla of Ipomiea and stigmas of Nemostima, type D. giaher Raf. Conv. do Aubl. t. 53 and authors. Volub, gla- bra, fol. digit, fl. axil, racemosis. — Guyana,large white fl. thick root, a milky plant. 1046. EvoLvuLus L, This G. has also been blended with Convolvulus, and forms many dis- tinct G. the main differences are the rotate co- rolla and split style, yet 20 sp. with those char- acters are put in Convolvulus even quite lately. I shall describe 7 Genera of them some of which by the equal or opposi-e stamens do not even belong to Convolvulides. I have dry in fruit a doubtful sp. of this G. E. cnneifoliiis CENTURIA XI. 83 Raf. with cal. eq. caps, moiioloc l-2sp. 2 styles, st'ig. obt- — fol. sess. lin. cuneatis, pediinc. Ifl. pi- losis bibract. caps. cal. loiigior pilosa. New Jersey, probably a N. G. Plesilia Raf. 1047. FRAxi^iARaf. (separ. stig)diff. Convolv. cal. siibeq. cor. camp, infundib. limbo integro, filam. ineq. basi barbatis, stigm. 2 globosis di- visis, et stylus intcrdiim. caps. 21oc. 2valv. 4sp. — Types 1 Tr. sagittifolia, 2 umhellata^ 3 guinquefoHa, 4 trldentata, 5 mindanensis Raf. Conv. spherostigma Cav. P. G Sherardi Raf. Calystegia paradoxa Pursh, 7 ebracteata, C. do Lam, tfec all ranged in Convolvulus, the generic character is chiefly from the first, all must be fully described : this is the first link with Evol- vulus. 1048. ExALLosis R. (out different) dift'. from Traxima by calix very unequal, sepals all differ^ ent, 3 cordate, cor. 5fid. ]51obed. E. bijlora Raf. Ip. and Conv. do aact, fol. obi. cord, pu- besc. ped, geminis. China. 1049. Symetiius Raf. (flum. sic)diff'. Convolv. calix duplex, ext. 2partito amplo, interno 5fido ineq. 3 ext. major, corolla rotata Sfida, stam 5 ineq. stylo bifido, stig. 2 linearis, caps. glob. 2loc, 4sp. — Types Sym. slcidus Raf. Convolv. do L. auct. b. reg. 445. prostratus flexuosus, fol. ovatis delt. pedic. Ifl. bract, lanceol. Sicily, fl. bluish small, seen alive 1809. 1050. Styltsma Raf. 1817. diff. Conv. and Sy- methus, cal. subeq. simplex, cor. campanul. su- bintegra sub lOdent. filam. 5 cqualis villosis ad basis cor. antheris sagitt. disco glanduloso an- nularis, stylo bipart. stig. 2 globosis. caps. 41oc. 4sperma — Types 1 St. tenella Raf Conv. do Lam. W. P. trichosanthes Mx, P, &c— 2 St, aquaticii Raf Conv. do Walt, El. — 3 ;S^/. sher- 84 FLORA TELLUR. ardi Raf. Conv. do P. E. and some other sp. see my new flora, all North American. Cer- tainly as near Evolvulus as Convolvulus ! cap- sule like Gynoisia 1018. 1051. Thyella R. (nymph) diff. Convolv. and Symcthus. cal. simple subeq. cor, campan. 5 dcntata, filam 5 ineq, stylo bifido, stig. 2 globo- sis, caps 4gona 21oc. 4sp. — Types 1 Th. tamni- folia R. ipom. do L. Conv. do El. forming a subg. Microla Raf. by cor. 5dent. eq. to calix, fl. capitate involucrate. — 2 Tk. ohtusiloha Raf. Conv. do Mx. P. E. another subg. Ocripha Raf. by cor. large with a tube, filaments tomen- tose at base, pocH ifl. 2stipulate — C. lanugino- sus and incanus probably belong to this Genus. 1052. DiTEREiA R. (twice cut) diff*. Conv. and Evolvulus, calix campanul. 5fido subeq. cor. ro- tata 5loba, stam. 5 eq. lohis oppositis ! stylis 2 bipart. stig. 4 capit. — Type D. parvijlora R. Evolv. latif. Edw. b. reg. 401, suffrut. villos. fol. sess. obi, cord. acum. axillis Sfloris. Brazils, small white flowers. Not of this family, but probably of Gentianides, are other akin Genera with similar stamens ? compare Dichondra, Cu scuta 4'^. 1053. BuciiAREA Raf. (bot. Arab) diff*. Conv. and Evolv. cal. 5part. subeq. imbric. cor. rota- ta Integra, vix 5emarg. plicis ad emarg. opp. stam. 5 subeq. basi pilosis, stylo brevis bifidus, stig, 2 clavatis, caps. 21oc. — Type B. rndderen- sis Raf. Convolv. sufl'ruticosus Dryander, bot. reg. 133 (non Desf nee P.) caule levi, fol. o.bl. subcord. acutis, ped. l-3fl. Madeira — 2B? at- lantica Raf Conv. suffi'ut. Desf t. 48. P. caule villoso, fol. lanceol. ped. Ifl. elongatis Mts. At- CENTURIA XI. 85 las, fl. rosate and white. These 2 shrubs ap- pear to form a very natural Genus, near Evol- vulus and next. Dedicated to Buchar a great botanist and traveller of Malaga in the 10th century. 1054. Peripiias Raf. (around cup) difT. Conv. and Evolv. cal. basi camp, limbo 5fido rotato. cor. rotata Sangulata, plicis opp. anguHs. stam. 5 equahs ! lilam. subul. pilosis, antheris incurvis extrorse dehiscens , nectarium cupularis in dis- co carnoso ovario cingens stylo bifido, stig. 2 clavatis — Type P. pamtifoUus Raf. Convolv. do Salisb. par 20, bot. reg. 222. Volub. pilos. fol, cord. obi. ped. 3-5fl. bract. lane, remotis. Canary Ids. fl. pale violaceous. Quite a dis- tinct G. by calix and nectary, probably not of this family. Near to Phacelia, EUisia 4*c or rather of Cuscutaria family with Evolvulus, Hydrolea &.c. 1055. ECHIDIA Raf. 1815, pronounce FM- dia. This family of mine is perfectly distinct from the Labiates by 5 stamens, and from Bor- ragines or Trachytes by irregular or labiate co- rolla with 5 unequal stamens, the G. Lycopsis appears by its curved tube to form a link be- tween them and also the Verbenacea. They all belong to the natural order Lobogynia with lobed ovary and one central style. The G. be- longing to EcHiDES are 1 EcniuM with oblique campanul. corolla, stigma bifid, calix 5parted unequal. 2 Exioxylon Desf. P. Raf with cal. 4parted and cor. bilabiate, 3 Isorium Raf. see 219 with equal cor. but unequal stamens, be- sides the 6 next Genera till 1061. 105G. Traxara R. (rough head) diff. Echium cor. infundibulif. limbo campanul. 5 lobo eq. stam. longissimis filif ineq. stylo declinato, stig- 8() FLORA TELLIIR. ma bifido. F'rut'ic, fl. caplt. corymhosis — Type Tr. capitata Raf. E. do L. auct. Hispida, ca- pitulis term. S. Africa. 1057. IsoplesionR. (nearly eq.) diff. Echiutn cor. infundib.fere regularis stam. ineq. declinata 2 longior — Types, Is. itnlicum, giganteum, py- renaicum^ ruhriun^ &c all Echium of Authors. 1058. Oplexion R. (armed E.) diff. Echium, cor. hypocraterif tubo brevi, limbo patulo 51obo subregularis — Type Op. ferox R. Ech. do Andr. t. 39. P. fruticoso aculeato, fl. spicatis. S. Africa. 1059. Larephes R. (much covered) diff. Echium, cor. campanulata subregul. non obli- quata, calice inclusa, stam. brevis ineq. inclusis, stylo bifido — Type L. pariiflorum R. Ech. do Roth, Mench. P. Poir. &c. Dichotom. fol. ovali- obl. Africa. 1060. Argyrexias R. (silvery E) diff. Echi- um, cal. equaUs 5part. cor. subbilab. lab. 2-31o- bis eq. stam. exertis declinatis ineq. stig. obtu- sp. — Type A. candleans Raf. Ech. do L. auct. bot. reg. 44. fruticoso, fol. lane, racemis panicul. secundis. Madera. ' 1061. Pentiiysa R. (5 fimbr.) diff. Echium, cal. subbilab. 2-3part. cor. camp. 51oba ineq. basi appendices 5 fimbriatis villosis 51obis clausa, stam. declin. omnis ineq. stig. bifido. — P. Types 1 P, strigosa R. Ech. fruticos. L. auct. oft. fi- gured, bot. reg. 36. frut. fol, lane, strigosis ave- nis, — 2 P. glauca R. Ech. do Jaq, Andr. 325 &c, frutic. fol. lane, glabris glaucis avenis — 3 P. lemgata R. Ech. do Ti. auct. suffrut. levis, fol. lane. marg. scabris, fl. spicatis, sem. muricatis. All from Africa, the E. glahrum Thunb, is pro- bably a 4th sp. This G. is very distinct by the nectary. All the Echiums forming thus 9 Gen- CENTURIA XI. 87 era had been united together and to Borragines by mere rough aspect ! 1062. NOLANIDIA Raf. 1815. another nat. family of mine of same order Lobogynia, differ- ing from Borragines by the Slobed ovary and 5 nuts or capsules. Nolana has the calix so dif- ferent in all the sp. as to indicate several Gen- era ; I had united Siphonanthus to it, but it ap- pears the type of another family. Nolana pros- trata has calix sagittate, N. coronata calix cordate, N. spathidata calix spath. N. hijlala and recoluta have calix ventricose, they will form the subg. loliypa, Periesta, Spatidina, Gastrina. 1063. Periloba R. diff. Nolana, cal. carina- tis 3 vel 5angul. non sagitt. cor. camp. 51oba, lobis trilobatis, disco 51obo, caps. 5 monosp. — Type P. paradoxa 11. Nol. do Lind. b. reg. 895, b. mas^, 2603. prostrata fol. pet. ovatis obt. Chili, fl. blue, 1064. SIPHONANTHIA Raf. this nat. fam. differs from Nolanides and Borragines by cor. 4fid, stam. 4, berries 4 as in Prasiuni : it is thus nearer Labiates, but the corollas are quite equal. The habit of Siphonanthus with ternate leaves and racemose fl. is also like Labiate. Is it a subfamily of them ? do any other akin types exist ? Falkia and Coldenia diflier by several styles. But Jussieu mentions a Coldenia of Peru with 1 style, corolla 5fid, 5 stamens which is either a Nolana or a N. G. of Siphonanthia, Monomesia Raf — Jiut Per ama lursuta Aubl. (or Mattnschkea W. P. Slc) is another G. of this family, having same habit, although it has 4 seeds instead of berries, and the flowers agre- gate as in Globularia. The G. Monniera, Ra- 88 FLORA TELLUR. putia, &c form another akin family MoNiERiDEsiy differing by irregular corolla and stam. from Nolanidia. 10G5. POLIMIA Raf l8l5. This nat. order, of mine next to the Lobogynia is easily known by one ovary, several styles or stigmas, fruit without seminiferous valves, I shall give here the 5 families of it as established then, although there may be one or two others, to mention all the G. belonging thereto, would be a task, but several of my N, G. out of Convolvulus belong here. 1. DicoNDRANiA R. l8l5. Ovary lobed, lobes Iseeded. Types Dicondra, Coldenia, Falkia. 2. Staticia R. Statice, Armeria &c, fruit monosperm. 3. CuscuTARiA R. fruit capsule multilocular. Types Cuscuta, Kadula R. Kadaras R. Evol- vulus, (and all my revised Genera of it) Hydro- lea, Eucodon Raf. fCodon Jus.) Sagonea, Ophi- oxylon, Nama, Sterisia R. &-c. 4. Cressaria R. capsule monolocular Cressa, Aldea R. P. Porana <^c. 5. Ilexia R. fruit berry or drupe. Types Cordia, Ehretia, Menais, Varronia, Schrebera, Ilex, Nemopanthes R. and akin Genera. The next order Ei'iciiA with seminiferous valves included the Gentianides and Chironides, with Orobanchides that have irregular corolla; but these last must be removed to the next order Chasmanthia or Personate, while Epiclia will belong to the class NANTIANDRIA by sta- mens opposite as in Lysimachides. While the real Convolvulides were removed to order Darynia near to Epacrides by having a regu- lar corolla, although their unequal stamens con- CENTURIA XI. 89 nect them with many other families, and they ought now to form with Vehbascoiues a pecu* liar order or suborder Pentanisia with 5 une* qual stamens. 106G. Verbascum, this G. is the type of a large family well distinguished from Soi.anides by a capsule and unequal stamens, corolla irregular ; from ScROPHULARiDES by 5 stamens ; as from CoNvoLvuLiDEs, by corolla irregular. Hyoscia- mus, Blenocoes 716 till Stimenes 722 belong thereto; but Nicotiana and Datura with their reformed Genera with regular corolla, belong to CoNvoLvuLiDES. — Vcrbascum must also be re- formed and includes 4 Genera : the real Ver- BASCU3I has cal. 5part. cor. rotata patens 5loba ineq. stam, 5ineq. Jilam. inclinatis lanatis an- theris conformist stylo, stigk 1. caps, 2loc. 2valv. polysp. sem. centralis. 1. TnAPSus, li. fil. basi lanatis. V. thapsus, thapsoides, montanum, nigrum, jnilvertilen- tum, mucrotiatum, lychnitis, hlattaria, sinu^ atum, floccostnn, pheniceuni &lc, 2. Lasiake R. ill. apice villosis, V. plicatum sm. fl. gr. 226. — F. lyratum. has calix 5phy- lous serrate. Subg ? Vrionula R. — 3. 1. Flo- isiosiA R. (Diosk) diflf. \erbasciim, antheris dif- formis ineq. 3 renif. 2obl — Types //. piilomoi- des, condensata, netnorosa &lc. Verbasc. of Authors, probably a Genus. 1067. Leiosandra R. (smooth st) di(f. Ver- hascum, stam. glabris, antheris ineq, difformis 2 oblongis — Types L. crassifolia and cuspidata Verbasc. do Authors, 1068. Ra>ionda Richard (not of Mirbel which is Lygodium) diff. Verbnscum, cor. 5partita regularis, stam. approx. antheris apice perfora- 12 90 FLORA TELLUR. tis, capsiila llocul. polysp. placentas 2 parietal is^ Scaposn — Type 11. pijreanica Rich. Pers. Verbascum myconi L. auct. fol. rad. ovalib. cre- natis tonientosis. Mts. pyrenees, fl. blue. Hardlj of this family, probably type of a new family with those Solanides and Convolvulides that have a capsule unilocular, such as Diatrema&c, APLARNIA see 1001); but akin to Gratioli- DES differing by 5 stamens. 1069. CuscuTA L. auct. This G. was based upon mere habit with capsule ; Cassytha ought to have been united to it by these principles ! it includes at least 8 Genera! my real G. Cuscuta has cal. 4-5fidus, cor. camp. 4-5fida persistens, appendices nullis, stam. 4-5alt. stylis 2, stig. acutis, caps, pyxidium, 21oc. 2sp. Aphylla, fi- lamentosa, volubilis, fl. subsess. — Type only C. vulgaris or europea of L. 1070. Kadula R. (Diosk) diff. Cuscuta, cor., ovatis 4fidis, stam. 4, stigm. 2 capitatis. fl. pe-- dune corymbosis — Type R. corymbosa R* Cusc. do RP. t. 115. P. Peru. 1071. Antiianema R. (fl. sine fil.) difF. Cuscu- ta, cal. membr. 5part. cor. urceolata 4-5fida, stam. 4-5, stylis 2 longissimis, stigm. capit. A- caulis, parasitica, caulib. evanescens, fl. fflo- meratis densis — Types 1 A. paradoxa Raf^ (5. verticillata) Cusc. do Raf. annals 97, glome- rulis amplectens, verticillatis, cor. subtub. 4fidis.. Kentuky — 2 A. capitata Raf. aeaulis98 annals, fl. glomer. capitatis. cor. subcamp. Sfidis. Kent.^ Illinois. 1072. Pentake R. (5 points) difl*. Cuscuta, cal. angulato magno cor. eq, 5fido, cor. conica Sdentis corniculatis, stig. 2 capit. fl. panictda- tis— P. chinense R, Cusc. do Lam. W. P. Vitm. CENTURIA XI. 91 1073. Kadurias R. (Diosk) diti. C«5cw/a, cor. 5part. reftexa, //. racemosis — K. rejlexa R. Cusc. do Roxb. cor. t. 101. P. India. 1074. Nemepis R. (on filaments) diff. Cuscuta cal. 5part. cor. camp. vel. urceol. 5fida, stam. 5, appendices squamis 5 opp. stam. fimbriatis, stig. capit. Caulib. ramosis, jl. raris disp. — Types 1 N. odorata R. Cusc. do RP. t. 105. P. fl. congestis sessilib. cor. camp. Peru, fl. with purple dots — 2 N. americana R. Cusc. do L. auct. fl. congestis pedunc. cor. urceol. filis cro- ceis, fl. albis. North America — 3 N. prolifera R. Cusc. Anier. nonnulis, surinamensis Schill. Vitm. fl. fascicul. proliferis, cor. tubul. lac. patu- lis, filis flavis, fl. viridescens. Antilles and S. Amer. — 4 S. africana R. Cusc. do W. P. &c. americana. Thunb. pedunculis unifl. bracteatis. 1075. Lepimenes R. (scale lunular) dilT. Ctis- cuta, cal. 4part. cor. infundib. 4fida, stam. 4, squamis 4 opp. lunulata crenata, stigm. 2 acu- tis — Type JL. epithymum R. Cusc. do Sm. W. P. europea Lam. fl. sessilib. rubellis. North of Europe. 1076. Aplostylis Raf. diff*. Cuscuta,cn.\. 4fidis cor. ovata 4dent. stam. 4, append, nullis, stylo unico capit. /f. racemosis — Type A. iupulifor- tnis R. Cusc. do Krok. Sil. t. 36,monogyna W. P. Sm. — This G- by the single style is not even of the same family and nearer Convolvulides ; but should the stam. be opposed to corolla as in Cassytha, it will be a lir k with that G. and of same family. 1077. Cassytha L. a genus widely mistaken by all botanists, with habit of Cuscuta and Vis- cum ! of doubtful aflf. in Jussieu, deemed by him and Necker akin to Laurus ! which might be if it is dicotyle, but it is rather monocotyle and 92 FLORA TELLLR. akin to Olax, Bassia — cal 3part. cor, globosa 6fida, stam. 6 fert- segm. opp. 6 interna sterilia, stylus 1, stig. sub 3fid. caps. glob. Isp. ad corolla subbacata tecta. — Types C. filiformis L, filif. verrucosa, fl. spicat. India — 2 other subg. or Gen. not yet well descr. belong here, all the sp. of Viscutn L. without leaves belong here accord- ing to Smith and probably form a peculiar akin Genus. Most of the Botanists have given dif- ferent characters to this Genus! hardly 2 or 3 agree which indicates several sp. or G. most of them unite Volutella to it or ascribe its charac- ter to Cassytha. The Cassutha cornea of Rumph, or C. corniculata L. has never been well described, having spines, leaves linear lan- ceolate and horned flowers, it must probably form a G. perhaps the Collodion of Loureiro ? — While the Cuscuta 5. t. 184 of Rumph. which is the Cassyta zeylanica Gaertn. t 27, &c ought to form another G. Rdmputris Raf diff. by stam, 6 ineq. 3 shorter alt. 3 longer biglandulose at base, 1 style, 3 stigmas, nut longer than bac- cate corolla. Type R. fasciculata Raf. fol. paucis fascicul. tenuis. 1078. OzARTiiuis Raf diff. Cassytha fl . .stylo tereto persistens, caulih. artic. aphylis flowers to be described . . . types 1 O. opuntioides R. artic. compr. 2 O. triquetra R. artic. Squetris (V. artic. Burm) — 3 O. capense R. artic. tere- tis baccis opp. — 4 O. paradoxa Raf (Vise, ver- tic. L. sine fol.) ramis teretis, baccis confertis: all those united to Viscum by L. &c O. opun- tioides is besides Cactus pendidus ! Ait and Cassytha baccifera Sal. thus put in 3 Genera! 1079. Spironema R, Volutella Forsk. Vitm. (n. mal. ad Voluta) diff'. Cassytha, cal. 6phyl. deciduus, cor. ineq. 6part. 3 ext. basi intus cor- CENTURIA XI. 9:^ niculatis, anth. 9 sessiles, 3 int. steriles glandu- lif, stig. capit. — Sp. apliyla R. V. do F. V. filif. striata, villosa, fl. spicatis. Arabia — If these G. do not belong to Olaxia and are inonocotyle they may form a peculiar family CASYTIDES by the corolla persistent and baccate, but they agree with Olax and akin G. by the fruit and corolla anomalous, some sterile stamens &.c. I add the 3 Genera blended in Olax. 1080. Olax L. J. &:c. cal. integro, cor. infund. .31oba, stam. 3 fert. lobis opp. 4 steriles, sty). 1, stig. 1, fruct. Isp. frut. volub. ramis jlagelif. fol. alt. avenis — O. scandens Roxb. zeylanica L. fol. pet. ovata, ped. axil, ramosis. JE. Ind. and Ceylon, put in Sapotilles by Jussieu, while he puts the next G. in Aurantia ! while Smith deems them of same Genus ! 1081. Fissilia Com. Jus. diff. Olax. cor. 3part. stam. 3 fertiles gerens, 3 sterilis furcatis, sti<^. 3lobo, drupa Isp. arbor, fol. alt, — F.psittacina Jus. Olax fissilis Sm. fol. integris laurinis sem- perv. racemis. axil, African Ids. 1082. Spermoxyron Lab. diff. Olax, cor. Spart. l-21iberis petalif. 3 coalitis cnm stam. 3 opp. stam. 2 sterilia, capsula Isp. Aphyla cassij- thif, — Sp. australis L. Olax do Sm. flagellis strictis aphylis, probably alt. 3 G. monocotvle. 1083. SYNARTHIA Raf. 1815. This fam- ily of mine includes the Dipsacea of Jussieu, which Decandole has ascertained to have a free ovary, together with Globularia, Alypum and akin Genera. They are distinguished by co- rollas irregular^ single seeds ^ stamens com- tnonly 2 or 4, flowers capitate^ often with a periant/te. It is a family of nat. order. Olis- PERMiA, where belong also Pyrenaria, Verbeni- des, Vitexides ^c. I'he G. Opercularia, Cryp- 94 ILOKA TKLM K. tospennum and Evea must be added to Dipsa- cea; but the Valerianides of Dec. are quite a peculiar family, 'i'he G. Scahiosa L. the most numerous in species offered a crowd of anoma- lies and yet has been left nearly untouched ex- cept by Vaillant and Necker ; the linneists blending to this day 16 fine Genera into Scabi- osa, which I have distinguished since 1815, and shall now enumerate, having verified most of them alive or dry. 1084. ScABiosA Necker, Raf. non L. nee auct.. Periantho multipartito, patens ineq. phorantho piloso, corollis 5fidis ineq. radiatis. stam. 4, akena angulata denticulis coronata — Types Sc. columbaria, eburnea, argentea, atropur- purea, prolifera, alba, grandiflora, ucranica, cretlca, graminif, pumilci ? indurata, mariti- tna Slc\ 1085. AsTROcEPHALus Vail. Ad. Chetastrum Neck, diffl Scabiosa, Phorantho paleaceo, cor. camp. 4fidis, ineq. akena globosa, coronatis setis Slongis patulis — Types Sc, sylvatica, ciliata^ rigida, tatarica, uralensis, integrifolia 6^c. 1086. Pterocephalus Vail. Ad. Pteropogon Neck. diff*. Scabiosa, Phorantho nudo, cor. camp. 5fidis ineq. akena globosa, corona duplici ext. marginata, int. papposa, pappus plumosus — Types 1 Pt. incanus Raf. Sc, pteroceph L. auct. 2 Pt. plumosus R. Sc. plumosa Sm. Knantia do L. this forms a subg. Trichopteris Necker by Per, aphyl. pappus 1*2 pilose. 1087. SiJccisA Neck. diff. Scabiosa, Per. im- bricato, phorantho paleaceo, corollis 4fidis subeq. akena ventricosa obi. 4dentata — Types 1 S. vidgaris R. Scab, succisa L. 2 S, ambro- sioides, 3 dichotoma, 4 arvensis, 5 ciliata, 6 scabra kc. CKNTUKIA XI. 95 1088. Cephalaria Schr. diff. Scabiosa, Per. globoso imbric. cor. 4fi(Iis subeq. akenis 8aris- tatis — Types C. S. Sc. alplna, syriaca, attenu- ata, tfcc. 1089. EuPTiLiA Raf. (well feathered) diff. Scabiosa, per. glob, imbric. cor. 5fidis ineq. akenis aristatis et papposis — Type Iii. cretica Raf. Sc. papposa involiicrata Sm. 1090. Plesiopsora Raf diff. Scabiosa, per. patens 8-lOpart. cor. 5Hdis subeq, akenis denti- culatis — Types P/. sictila, a/ricana, rnonspe- liaca, ^c. 109!. Tereipiias R. (cut cup) diff. f^cabiosa, Perianthis urceolatis multifidis.—Type T. urceo- lata R. Sc. do Desf — A. subg. Pentexis Raf, has per. turbin. 5fido, type Sc. riitefoUa Vahl. 1092. Xetola R, (aristulate) diff. Scabiosa, Periantho Sphyllo, fol. longe aristatis, coroUis 4fidis subeq. phorantho paleaceo aristato. — Types 1 X. transylvanica R. Sc, do L. — 2 X. trenta R. Sc. doHaquest.Vitm. Sc. haqueti Lam. wrongly united to Sc. leucantha by Persoon. 1093. Lomelosia R. (edge membr) diff. Sccr- biosa, Phorantho globoso, akenis corona mem- branacea plana rotata orbiculata, integra vel. emarg. nervosa vel scabra. — Types L. stellata and CoronopifoliaW.a.f. Scab, do auct. L. p«- lestina will be a 3d sp. perhaps a subg. by seg- ments of corolla trifid. L. simplex a 4th and a subg. by Crown campanulate Codostelma Raf 1094. Leucopsora R. (white Sc) diff. Scabi- osa, per. globoso imbric. cor. 4fidis subeq. fee. inf. deflexa, akenis trigonis 3dentatis — Type S. leucantha Raf Scab, do L. Sc. itstulata is perhaps a 2d sp.. 1095. SixALix R. (carrot cal.j diff. Scabiosa^ 9G FLORA TELLtR. per. pinnatifido villoso — Type S. daucoides R. Scab, do Desf. 4'^* 109G. GoNOKERos R. (angle horned) diff. Sca- blosn, per. irnbricato, cor. 4fidis subeq. akena angiilis in cornibus desinentib-— Type G. hun- garicus R. Scab, corniculata Waldst. Pers. 1097. Pentena R. (5 or 1 ) diff. ^cabiosa, per; patens multif. phorantho ovato, akenis aristis 1 vel 5 instructis — Types P. ochroleuca Scab, do L. aristis 5 — 2 P. uniseta R. Scab, do Savi t^ 2, Vitm. arista unica. 1098. Tremastelma 11. (perf crown) diff. Sca- hiosa, pet. Gphylus, akenis corona ext. dilatata lOperforata, lOnervosa, corona int. papposa. — - Types 1. TV. hrnchiata Raf. Scab, do Sm. Knautia palestina L. auct. fol. integris — 2 TV. sihlhorpi R. Scab, do Sm. fol. pinna tif. Cyprus. 1099. Thlasidia R. (compr. 2) diff. Scabiosa cor. 4fid. ineq. radiatis, akenis compressis bi- dentatis, — Type Thl. bidens R. Scab, do Sm. 1100. DioTOTHECA Raf. fl. lud. not of Vaillant which is Morina T, L. diff. f^cahiosa, per im- bric. scariosus, phorantho glob, paleaceo, paleis scariosis, corollis Ifidis irreg. lac. sup. brevis emarg. inf. longior, stam. 2 brevis in tubo cor. akenis ovatis, faux bifida — G. akin to the last, differing by the 2 stamens as in Morina. Type D. repens Raf repens pubescens 4gona, fol, opp. petiolatis ovat. dent, scabris, fl. axill. Lou- isiana. In all these G. the fruit is a single seed free within a hollow calix perforated at the end, somewhat as in the Carexides, and all have a single style with simple stigma : such fruit ought to be called an utricule rather than akena which is a kind of nut. CENTURIA XII. 97 CENTURIA XII. 1101. A'asTOLociiiA, no botanist Imd thoiii^ht t( revise this Genus, till I partly did in in) med. fl. 18'2S: yet it offers perii(oue unUabinte, or hilnhiate or regular, 5 or G or 12 sfaniftis, I to 6 stigotns and tnatnj kinds of capsules \ theretbie Ibrins a group of plants including l2 Genera — my Aristoloc mia Raf. lias perigono adherens, tubulato, sepe incnrvo, unilabiato hasi ventricoso, apex lingulato intcgro, atitheris G sess. epigynis stigma stellato Gpart, capsula G gona, Glocular, polysperma — 4 subgenera. 1. Clematops, labio oblongo vel ovato. Types A. anguiclda^ maurorum, betica, indica, cle- matitls, rotunda, longa, plstolochia, semperci- rensi] kempjeri, punctala, barbata, pallida, hirta &6'. 2. Erto«lossa. labio dilatato spatulato retu- so vel cordato. Types A. surinamensis, reni- Jormis, odoratissima, glauca, altissima &-c. 3. Glossura, labio caudato velappendiculato Types A. caudata, A. peltafa, A. maxima, &.c. 4. Mkstknipiius, tubo curvo coarctato apice angulato, labio dentato. Types A. grandijlora, A, fetens ifec. 1102, Hkxaplectris R. (6spurs)diff. Aristol. Perig incurvo Ocostato, basi 6 calcaratis, labio dilatato vel cuculato longe caudato, capsula cla- vata — Types 1 H. bicolor R. xVrist. do L. b, reg. 1391>, fol. cord. Slobis, longe pet. stip. acu- ta fl. axill. sess. S. Am. fl. yellow, lip fuscate cuculate, tail pedal — 2 JL fuscata R. Arist- caudata Buoth, b. reg, 1453 (non Jaq. I ) fol. renif. 31obis brevi pet. nigro macul. stipula obi. labio renif. Brazil, fl. brown, tail pedal. — Per- J3 %% FLORA TELLtJR, haps some sp. of Glossura belong here, if they have spurs. 1103. Plagistra R. (obliqual) dift'. Aristol. Perig. tubuloso incurvo, non labiato, apex inte- gro oblique truncato — Types FL cretica Raf. Arist. do Lam. P. — the hirta of L. included this sp. 1104. Tropexa R. (G keels) diff. Aristol. pe- rig. infundibuHf. tubo curvo Ggono, labio spatu- lato, capsula globosa Gcarinata — Type Tr. hi' loba R. Arist- do L. caule scand. fol bilobis. 1105. Einomeia R. (1 less) ditf. Aristol. stam, 5 caps. Siocul. — Type E. hracteata Raf. Arist. pentandra L. &c. 1108. Ambhya R. (n. Arab) diff. Aristol. peri- gono sacato inflato, unilab. lab. producto con- torto dilatato bilobo. — Type Anib. labiosa R. Arist. do b. reg. G8l),b. mag. 2545. ringens Link, t. 13 non Yahl. Volub. angul. fol. subrenif, Brazil. 1107. PisTOLOCHiA R. diff. Aristol. perig. bi- labiato, incurvo, subtrifido, stigma sess. unico magno capit. lobato — Typ^s the various sp. blended in Arist. serpentaria see my med. fl. and new fl. 1. P. serpentaria med. fl. t. 10 — 2 latifolia — 3 angustifolia ^c 1108. DiGLossKLis R. diff. Aristol. perig. bila- biato, labis ineq, tuhp bilobo, caps. obi. striata, stigma caps. 41ocul — Types 1 1). trinervis R. Arist. bilabiata L. auct. fol. ovatobl. obt. 3ner- vis. — 2 D. latifolia R. Arist. ringens Vahl. . cymhifera Raf. Arist. do Mart. t. 49. b. reg. 1543. fol. renif. lab. sup. ovato acuto, inf. pandulato emarg. Brazil : the A. cordifl. gi- ganiea &c perhaps belong to this G. 1109. Endodeca R. 1828 (12 inside) diflf. tENTURIA XII. 99 Aristolocllia, stam, 12, labioplerumque ovato — Types JE. sempfrtlrens II. Ar. do auct. — *2 E. hastata R. Arist. do Nut. &c. 1110. PsoiMiizv R. (false snake root) diff. Arist. perig. bilabiato, stam. 1*2. stigma unico sess. lohato convohito. — Type Ps. tmdulata Raf. Arist. serpent. Big. med. fl. ic. fol. obi. sub- cord, actitis undulat. trinervis, Klorida &c. fl. red. one of the sp. blended among our snake- roots. 1111. PteripiiisR. (winged tube) diff. Aristol. perig. tubulosis tripteris trilobis, stam. 6-8, stig. subsessile trilobo, caps 3loc i — Type Pt. tripte- ris R. Arist. do Raf. fl. lud. G5 sarmentosus,fol. cord. fl. spic. bracteatis. Louisiana, fl. small white, see my remarks in new fl. on possible mistake of Robin. 1112. SiPiiisiA R. 1828. diff'. Aristol. perig, tu- buloso, apex trilobo subeq. non alato, stam. epis- tylis, stylo crasso, stig. 3-6 — Types 1. Siph. glabra Raf. Arist. sipho Lher &c- — 2 iS. to- mentosa R. Ar. do Sims &c both seen alive. • 1113. Hexastyms R. 182.5 neog. 24. diff*. Aristol. and Asarum, cal. tubular trifjd, stam. 12. ovar. semilib. tereto, apex concavo, stylis 6 lateralis erectis, stig. 6 obliquis truncatis bicor- nis. caps. 61oc. olii^osp — Type H. arirolia R. Asarum do Mx. El. &c. fol. cord, sagitt. Ken- tucky to Carolina. Seen alive nearer to Siphi- sia than Asarum ! 1114. Bragantia Lour, non Vand. perig- tu- bul. ineq. 3fido, patens, corona brcvi cyathif. stam. G. caps, siliquef. 4gona 41oc. 4valv. — Types 1 Br. racemosa Lour. fol. lanceol — 2 Br. lati- folia Wal. fol. obi. subcord. caulib. l-2phylis. Birman. — The Genera Munnickia and Cera- mium (bad name employed for a Fucus) tomen- 100 FLORA TELLUR. tosum of Blume. Bi\ hlumi Lind. must be ve- rined, near Sipliisia. 1115. Trimeiuza Lind. perig. 5part. stam. 9 in 3 phalanges radiatis, stig. Gdent. caps, ut IJra- gantia — Type Tr. piprrila, caule flex, genie, fol, ovatolanc. costatis, snbt. reticul- pubesc. ra- cemis paucifl. axil. Ceylon. 1116. Steikkxa R. (6 step.) Trichopus Gaertn. fil. Lind. (non Trichopus Muller («m.) Perig. tubul. 6fido, stam. Ofertilis, Osterilis in foveis stylus 1, stig. 3 bipart. caps. 3quetra Slocul. o,.t.i, a, loculis l-*2sp. indehiscens — 3 types from Cev on. 1 St. cordata U. fol. cord, triang. obt. retusis — 2 St. media, fol, ovatolanc. acum. — 3 St. anorii^l'if. R. fol. lin. lane. acum. caps. 1 spermis, an Genus 1 — Lindly asserts that all these G. and Aristolochia, have a peculiar anatomical structure of stems different from the Dicotyle plants and shrubs. Perhaps like Cuscuta,Cassy- tha, Cactus &c. 1117. Meborea Aubl. Jus. Vit, Tephranthus Necker. Rhopium Schr. VV. P. Perig, 6part. foveis 6. stam. 3 stylis adnatis. ovar. libero. stylis 3, caps 3gona Cbc, Ovalv. 6sp. Friitex, fol. alt. stl[ndalis. fl. corymb — Type M. guja- nensis vel. Rh. citrifolium. fol. suhsess- ovat. acut. lucida Integra — Very singular G. of doubt- ful affinities, introduced here to show that it links with Hexastylis 1113, and Steirexa. If all these G. are to be removed by anatomical struc- ture, the ovary free, half free or adherent will be less essential, forming however 3 families AsARiDEs, Meborides, I'ytinides with a berry, that stand in the nat. method at the very end of the Dicotyles, as a transition to the first order of Monocotyles including the Epigyne families, Hydrocharides, Valisnerides, Orchides &c. CENTURIA XII. 101 Perhaps they are even Monocotyles and Endo- genous, as the t(!rnary numbers of organs ap- pear to indicate — The G. Salucia and Strnmfia Ibrni another akin family lSAL\tii)i:s having pe- tals besides a divided cahx and epigyne sta- mens— Necker puts this G. Meborea near to Passi flora, and perhaps the stamens are mona- delphous as in Passiflora and Sisyrinchijm once deemed gynandrous by Linneus. 1118. Nepenthes L. auct. Bandura Burm. Ad. a wonderful G. of doubtful affinities, which Lindley reduces to Aristolochia ! an egregious absurdity since it is dioical. with a free pistil . . . It is the type of my family Nepenthides, near to SA.RAZINIDES dift'cring by dioical monadel- phous stamens, akin also to the order Epidiesia or Euphorbides, and the families of it wi/h uni- ted stamens like Ricinides Slc chief ditierence a single large stigma. The G. Aspidistra and Macrogyne are so near to Nepenthes that all must be monocotylc (nay perhaps ail the Asari- des?) if so they form a peculiar series an! link with Sarazinia on one side and Paris on the other by the quaternary niunber of parts. Many sp. have been blended in N. distilatoria, Jussieu noticed 3, Wildenow had 3 others, there are 7 at least 1 N. distilatoria L. oft. fig. bot. mag. 26*29. 2798, Lod. 1017 &c caule ramoso, fol. sparsis avenis, ft. racemosis geminatis. India — 2 N. maf/agascarif'nsis, W. P. — 3 N.pliyUim- phora W. P. Genus in Lour simplex fol. app. fl. spicatis — 4 N. zcylanica Raf. Bandura Burm. zeyl, t. 17 — 5 A^. indica Lam. fol. reticu- latis — 6 N. cantliarifera Jus. Rumph. Aubl. 5. t. 59 — 7 TV, scifplius Jus. Malaca — Perhaps several subg. or Gen. are blended here. 102 FLORA TELLIR. nil). NEPENTHIDES Kaf. (monoc? en- dog Q Peri^one and anthers vvitli 4nary parts, a very large peltate stigma, capsule 4}oc. habit of Aroiclcs and Methonica. 3 (i. at least. I ISepenthes Dioic. cal. 4part. pers. stam. 12- 18 connatis, caps, po!ysp. caulescens, J'ol. ap- prndicufalls. 2. Asplilistra Herm. cal. tubul Sfido, anthe- ris 4-Oiiberis, caps, 4sp. type A. jninctata E. b. reg. 977. 3. Macrogifne Link. Herm. cal. camp. 8fidb. antheris 8 liberis, stigma 8gona, caps. 4sp — type M. convalarifolia L. Asp. lurida E. b. reg. 628, b. mag. 2499. H20. PASSIFLOREA Raf. 1815. This family of mine was established long ago, and I had reduced 12 G. to it, mostly blended in Pas- sifiora by the Linneists, Necker and Jussieu had already 4 or 5. I'hey are but slightly akin to Cucurbitacea as deemed by Jussieu, by the fruit and habit. They are nearer the Strigili- dis and Malpighinia by the perigone and united stamens, several styles 8<^c, thus put in my na- tural order Adelphidia along with them. See till 1134. 1121. Passiflora Raf. non L. This G. was badly understood by the Linneists, but reformed by Jussieu. Mine has Perlgono colorato hasi urceol. Umho \Qpartito colorato^ 5 alt. petali- formls. Corona niidtlparUia. f?itenia nee- ta.rif. ham urceol. gynophoro .stam. 5 gerens hasi coniiatis, stylis 3, fruct. hacca vel. pepo (cysto Neck) iiniloc. pohj.sp. placentas 3, sem. arillatis — Many sp. in 3 subgenera — 1 Grana- dilla Ad. no involucre — 2 Maracoa, Raf fl. in- volucrate. CEPfTURIA XII. 103 1122. Trtpsimna Raf. ditl. Passiflora, fl. invo- liicratis biijinnatif. petaliscal. eq. nect. filif. bre- vis, capsula inllata, placentas 3 internis sernini- feris — Type Tr. fctida li. Pas. do L. b. in. 2019, seen alive. All the cap-ular sp. must be divided of course from tbe baccate kinds. 1123. Xekogo.na Raf. diff. Passill. petalis bre- vior, corona brevi, nect. int. duplice cupula. Of^ona plac. 3 int. seniinif, — Type X biloba Raf. Pas. capsularis L. aiict. Dec. b. maaf. 2808. 3 var. fol. bilobis, fol, bifidis, fol. inaculatis. 112 4. MoDECA Rheed. Jaq. diff. Passifl. dioi- ca, cal. tubul. 5fido. petalis 5, nect. sq. 5-10, stam. 5 liberis,ov. vix stipit. capsula 3valvis poly- sperma — Several Sp. 0 m Jaq. deviating by the free stamens and valvular capsule. Blended in India with the Convolv. called also Modeca, compare with the li'uphorbides. 1125. Macrophora llaf. diff. Passifl. cal. tube brevi, gynophoro longissimo, nect. dupl. sefies, stam. dilat. planis basi coalitis, antheris magnis — Type M. sanguirita Raf. Pass, do Sm. &c fol. 31obis serratis acutis egland. cal. et ovar. toment. Antilles. 1120. Meiopiris Raf. diff. Passifl. cal. 5part. petalis nullis, corona duplex, nect- sep<^ simplex planutn — Types yf/. pdtatas subf^rosn^ minima pallida^ mulflflora^ aitgusttf. pannosa^ heder- ac^r/- 4*c, all Passifloras. 1127. Mu.JiicuiA T. Jus. Pers. Erndelia Necker, diff. Passifl. cal. basi urceolatus, nect. tubuloso truncato — Type 31. ocellala Pers. Pas. murucuia L. auct. — Persoon had 3 sp. in this G, each being types of Genera. 1128. Blkpiiistelm \ R. (cil. crown) diff. Pas- sifl. cal. tubuloso, petalis brevis, nect. tubul. lo- bato ciiiato — Type Bh mtrantia Raf. Muru- 104 FLORA TELLUR. cuia do P. passifl. do Forst. W. Sm. Andr. rep. t. *2i)5. fol. glabris .S-5lobis obt. i\ew Caledon. 1129. Per K\i IS R:ii'. (around half ) di.f. Passifl. no petals, cali.x glol)ular — Type I*, orbiculata R. Miirucuia P. Passifl. Cav. J 130. Synactii A Raf. (un. rays) diff. Passi . no petals, rays ol" nectary united at the base in a cyl. crown inserted on the tubular 5parted ca- lix. — Type S. viridlflora R. Pass do Cav, W. 1131. i'AcsoNiA Jus. diff. Passifl. cal. tubul. lOfidus, coioratus, corona glandulis, gynophoro elons;iito — Many sp. in 4 su.bgenera. 1 Ferim- na Raf. invol. nuliis — 2 Tristegia Raf. invol, Sphylo — 3. Siphostegia Raf- invol. tubuloso — 4 Balostis R. Cal. globoso, type P. giauca auct, is it a Genus? how is the crown '( 1132. Odostelma Raf. (toothed crown) diff. Tacsonia, corona dentata nonglandulosa, stam* filarn. planis — Types O. pedunculata and adul- terina Raf. Tacsonia do auct. 1133. Erndelia Raf. non Necker, ditf. Tac- sonia cal. et cor, apex reflexa, corona duplice concentrica — Type E. rrjlfxtflora Raf. Pas. do Cav. Tacs. do Pers. 1134. Pericodia R. diff. Pass'fl. cal. crrnpa- nul. lac. subul. petalis dilat, nect. plicato — Type P. perfoUata Raf Passifl. do L. 1135. Sanami'nda CIus. Ad. Passerina L. ad Passer ! This G. includes 6 blended : the real hardly differs from Daphne except by fruit a nut instead of berry. All the sp. with 2 stamens only are the G. Pimelea. Necker applied Sa- namunda to the Daphnes with tubular flowers, not funnel shaped. All have 8 fertile stamens in 2 rows on the tube of coroliform calix. 1136. Belvala Ad, difi^. cal. longe tubiiL 4fido, extus caliculo diphylo, intus 8dent. vel CENTURIA XII. 105 stam, steriles 8, fertiles 4 eq. capsula membran. Isp. utriculus. y^/. oppos. Jl. axil, spicatis. — Type 1 B. spicata Raf, Passerina dodecandra L. omitted by many botanists. 1137. Trimeiandra Raf. diflT. Sanam. cal. 5 fidus, stam. 5 eq. unica series — Type Tr. spi- cata Raf. Pass, pentandra Th. W. P. auct. fol. ovat. hirsutis, spicis ovatis terminalis. S. Africa. 1138. Steiroctis R. (8 ster.) diff. Sanam. Stam. 16, 8 steriles glanduliformis superis, 8 fertiles inferis in tubo — Types S^. capitata and unijjora Raf. Passerina do auct. 1139. Pausia R. (olea lat.) difi. S. cal. tubo campanul. ut olea, utriculo baccato — nearer to Daphne by fruit, type P. orientalis Raf, Pass. do L. auct. fol. lanceol. obt. fl. axil. 1140. Balendasia R. (ball inside hairy) diff, S. cal. globoso 4dent. intus hirsute, utriculo bac- cato— Type B, ericoides Raf. Pass, do L. auct. fol. lin. imbric, glabris. S. Africa. 1141. Gastrilia R. diff'. Daphne, dioica, cal. basi ventricoso limbo 4tido — Types 1 G. gemi- nata Raf. Daphne dioica L. Vitm. Gouan 1. 17. fol. imbric. lin. lanceol. fl. axil, geminis. S. Europe, fl. ochroleucos, blended with Passerina hirsuta by some botanists — 2 G. umbellata Raf, Daphne occid. Sw. P. fol. alt. lanceol. glabris, fl. term, subumbelatis. Artilles. 1142. TiiMELAiA R. (n. grec.) Sanamunda Necker non Ad. diff'. Daphne, cal. tubuloso, apex 4fido erecto non infundib. — All the sp. of Daphnes with tubular flowers. 1143. OcTOPLis R. diff'. Daphne, cal. hirsuto, intus nect. 8 vel petalis 8 minimis, fol. sparsis fl capit. bracteatis — Type O. polistachya Raf, 14 106 FLORA TELLUR. Gnidia do Berg, Vitm. Slc. fol. linear, capitulis panicul. bract, ovatis, obtusis. S. Africa, near to G. Steiroctis 1138, but petaliform nectaries. 1144. Nemoctis R. (8fil.) diflf. Daphne cal. villoso, limbo 4part. stain. 8 exertis, filam. ca- pillaris, petalis 4 ut in Gnidia, foL sparsis Jl, capit. invjolucr, — Types 1 N. buxifolia Raf, Gnidia filamentosa L. auct. Lachnea buxif. Lam. P. fol. scssil. ovalibus — 2 N. angustifolia Raf. var. prec. auct. fol. sess. lanceol. both S. Africa. Lachnea differs by unequal cal. stam. and drupaceous nut. 1145. Dessenia Raf. diff. Gnidia, cal. filif, limbo 5part. petalis 5, stam. 10, 5 exerta, fol, sparsis, fl. capit. involucr. — Genus medial be- tween Gnidia and Dais. Dessenia was Adan- son's name for Gnidia. Types 1 DAanceolata Raf. Gn, capit. L. auct. fol. lane. fl. term, invol. 8phylo. S. Africa. — 2 I), daphnefolia R. Gn. do L. 4'C fol. obi. cuneatis glabris, capit. ped. invol. 5ph. Madagascar — 3 D, hirsuta Raf. var L. fol. obi. spatul. hirsutis canis, invol. 5ph. Ma- dagascar— Subg. Xaiasme Raf. diff. by no pe- tals, seeds rostrate not baccate j^. umbel — Type X. hicolor R. Stellera chamajasme L. auct. fol. lane. fl. albo purpureis. Sibiria. Stellera is oc- tandrous. 1146. ScopoLiA L. supl. not Forster (^Grise- linia) nor Smith (Todalia) diff. Daphne, anthe- ris connatis in duplice columna alteram posita, fol. alt. fl. axil, capitatis, involucris diphylis. — Type Sc. pendula Kaf. composita L. Vitm. Daphne pendula Sm. W. P. Arborea, fol. pet, obi. acum. pedunc. pendulis axil, Ifloris. Java — Wrongly put in Gynandria octandria by L. 1147. Nestroma R. new fl. 503, Dioica, cal. " camp. 4fldo, stam. 4 fil. brevis lin. drupo Ispei"- CENTURIA XII- 107 mo. fol. oppos. pedunc^ muUifl. — See my long account of this new G. in my new flora. Types 1 N. umhelluta R. 504. fol. ovat. rhombeis inte- gris planis glabris, ped. axil, umbellatis 3-5fl. — ^ IS I undalata R. 505. fol. lato lanceol. undu- latis, drupis ped. solit — Both frem Florida and Georgia, small shrubs. Of family Dapiinidia like all the preceding since 1135. 1148. CLYTHRELIA Raf 1815. Lenti- BULARiA Rich. Lind. This family based on Utricularia and Pinguicula, will now contain 20 genera. It is a very distinct group, which was very improperly annexed to Primulacea by Jussieu because the fruit is somewhat alike, but there is not a single affinity besides. I put it next to Gratiolides ; but have now my doubts about it, and have been led to consider this fam- ily as rather belonging to Monocotyles and En- dogenous, when it would widely change place and come near the Commelines with irregular corollas. Nay these aquatic plants like many others partake somewhat of the Cellular struc- ture, very evident in the vesicular organization of Utricularia. We have no positive evidence of the seeds being dicotyle and even if they are, they may like Juncus be exogenous notwith- standing. Yet here the calix alone is persis- tent, while the corolla is very deciduous, not at all marcescent. 1149. Utricularia L. Lentibularia Ad. This aquatic G. of only 9sp. in Linneus has been in- creased to nearly 80 lately, the tropical climates abound with unnoticed sp. Brown found 24 new ones in Australia, in North America nearly 20 have been detected, see my monograph, Le- conte had already 13, Vahl and Poiret descri- bed 36sp. the fine monograph of Smith in Rees 108 FLORA TELLUR. contains 62 sp. — But out of so many, disparities occur and several Genera are indicated there- by, whicli I have endeavored to distinguish. The real original genus has cnlix bivalms eq, perslstens, cor. ringens calcarata, bilabiata, labis clausis integris, jaiix gibbosa, stam, 2 inclusls in tiibo, St. stig. 1, caps, globosa vix valvata uniloc. pohjsp. sem. centralis. Facies aphyla, vel. fol. squam. scaposis, radicib. sepe fluitans utriculatis. — The types are V. alpina^ vulgaris, obtusa, fiircata, cerulea ? and 40 more; but the flowers of each must be examin- ed again. 1150. Lentibularia Raf. (or Xananthes,Ojpcw j^. if prefered) diflf. Utric. corollu hians pervia, faux non gibbosa, calcar obsoleto carinato de- curens — Type L, minor Raf. Utr. do L. auct. Lentibularia of Gesner was applied to the whole G. by Adanson and wsince to the whole family by Richard, whence my 2 names. 1151. Trixapias Raf diff, Utric. calcar glo- boso, capsula subulata — Type TV. capillacea R. Utric. do V. Sm. 1152. AsKOFAKE R. (box lent) diff*. Utric. cap- sula lenticularis bivalvis non globosa — Type A. recurva R. Utr. do Lour. Sm. This and the last deviate so much in the capsular shape quite globular in all others, that this indicates other characters to be sought for. 1153. Stomoisia R. (hairy mouth) diff*. Utric. cal. ineq. ovat. lab. inf. dilat. deflexo trilobo, palato villoso — Type St. cornuta R. Utric. do Mx. &c, seen alive see my flora. 1154. Meionula R. (minute) diff*. Utric. cab inequalissimo, fol. inf. magna concava carinata» infructo inflata — Type M. parviflora Raf Utric. CENTIJUIA XII. \{)i) minutissima V. Sm. scapo capillaris l-4fl. squa- mis acutis, calcar subiil. Malaca,ft. minute blue. 1155. Hamulia R. (n. Arab.) ditf. Utric. cor. lab. sup. concavo emarg. infero orbicul. integro calcar obt. curvo, capsula stylosa niembranacea subplurivalvis, ad l)asi cal. inflato coalita. — Types 1. H. alba Raf. Ulr. infiexa Forsk. Sm. fl. albis — 2 H. Jiava Raf. Utr. stellans Sm. fl, flavis — very dift'. from that of L. of next G. 1156. Lepiactis R. (sq. stel.) diff. Utric. co- rolla sine calcar, lab. inf. saccato, caule squa- mis vertic- racL sine utricidis — Type Lep, stel- laris R. Utric. do L. W. P. caule filif apice ra- moso, squamis 4-Onis ovatis ciliatis. India, very distinct if realy without spur. 1157. Meloneura Raf (membr. nervose) diff. Utric. cal. membr. ineq. fol. sup. magna orbicu- lata nervosa emarg. cor. lab. inf. bifido, caps, membr. — Type M. purpurea Raf Utric. stria- tula Sm. fol. petiol. cone, scapo 3^4fl. West Africa, fl. purple. 1158. Nelipus R. (n. ind.) diff. Utric. cor. lab. inf. bifido vel bilobo, ad 1157 cal. equalis — Types N. bifida^ Itmosa, spiralis, biloba Raf. all Utric of Sm. in monograph. 1159. Vesictjlina Raf diff. Utric. cor. labio inf trilobo, lobo medio sepe emarg. — Types V. saccata, setacea, purpurea, gibba, albijlora, compressa, graminifol. tenella, pygmea &c. all Utricul. of authors see Sm. and Lee. 1160. Enskide R. (one split) diff. Utric. cor. lab. sup. bifido, lab. inf. 3-51obo. palato sepe bar- bato. — Types 1 E. barbata R. scapo paucifl. calc. siibul — 2 E. flana R. fl. sparsis congestis 3 E. chrysantha R. fl. 3bracteatis, lab. inf, 41obo, all from Australia and Utricul. of R. Brown, Sm. 110 floha tkllur. 1161. CosMizA R, (fine split) diff. Utric. cor. lab. sup. trifido lac. subul, labio inf. 31obo, lobis omnis emarg. — TyP^ ^« coccinea Raf. Utric. multifida Sm. fol. spatulat. scapo bifloro, calcar obt. compr. Australia, scarlet flowers. 1IG2. Megozipa R. (large branched under) diff. Utric. cor. lab. sup. trilobo, inf. integro. — Types M, macrorhiza, fornicata, longiros- tris, Integra Raf. &.c all Utric. Lee. &c. 11G3. Trilobulina Raf. diff. Utric. cor. lab. sup et infero subeq. et ambi trilobatis vel cre- natis. — Types Tr. fibrosa, striata, crenata Raf. all Utric. of Walter, Lee. Sm. 11G4. Personula Raf diff, Utric. cor. lab. sup, emarg. inf. integro, palato magno eminens bilo- bo. fl. racemosis — Type P. grandiflora Raf. Utr. personata Lee. E. 1165. Plesisa R. (near eq.) diff. Utric. caL ineq. sub 3part. vel lobo inf. bipart. cor. lab. subeq. subintegris — Type PL hipartita Raf. Utric. do Elliot. 1166. Plectoma R. (cut spur.) diff. Utricul. cal, subeq. cone. nerv. inf. emarg. cor. lab. inf. trilobata ineq, calcar bifido, stam. 2 submona- delphis, stigma bilab. ineq. capsula ovata bival- vis. fluitans fol. vertic. artic, rarnosis infla- tis fl, racemosis flams — Types PZ. inflata Raf. 2 P/, stellata Raf. — both blended as Utric. in- flata or ceratophyla by authors, a very distinct Genus, see my new flora. Thus it appears that Utricularia as it stood, included sp. with calix equal or unequal, cor. with lips, entire or with 2, 3 or more lobes, dif- ferent stigmas and spurs, capsule with one, or 2 or more valves, glob^«e or lenticular or ovate or subulate! . . such is :;ongruity of botanical €ENTURIA XII. Ill genera! The sp. are yet in utter confusion by their simphcity and will never be properly known till refered to my Genera ; the stamens and stigmas must also be noticed, and the color of the flow- ers is very essential in this series of plants. 1167. EUPHORBIDES Raf. is a family of the order EPlMElSIA or the Tricoca (Eu- phorbia of some) based chiefly on the G. Eu- phorbia of L. or Tithymalus Ad. which was a jumble of nearly 30 good Genera ! easily known by having a perianthe with many male flowers around a female and commonly without calix, which L. had mistaken for dodecandria ! The other families of this extensive order are easily distinguished — Cyrtosides by lack of perian- the, fruit dicocus, type Mercurialis — Tragides by flow ers separate, type Tragia — Phalarsides by stamens monadelphous and determinate,type Sapium — Ricinides by stamens united and many, type Ricinus &c. I mean here chiefly to revise in part the G. Euphorbia, left uncor- rected by all except Necker who made 5 G. out of it, and Persoon who divided his 156 sp. in two subg. Tithymalus and Esula. A few akin G. have lately been admitted, but the 200 sp. now known aflbrd a crowd of good characters, while the old greek names of these plants aflbrd many good names for them. 1168. Euphorbia Necker, periantho duplex, ambi globosis truncatis integris, fl. masc. paucis sepe 5, monandris, gynophoro pistilo ferens, sty- lis 3, stig. 6 caps, tricoca, trisperma. Caulib, perennis carnosis, aphylis, spinosis, fl, spar^ sis — Type E, antiquorum, mamillaris, offici- varum &c and akin sp. but the flowers of all must be verified. The smooth sp. will form the 113; FLORA TELLUR. subg. Alskebra arable name, the spinose the subg. Sadida. 1169. Athymalus Neck. diff. Euph. periantho ext. turbinate cavo lobato, interior 5sepalis, cu- culatis furcatis alternans. fl. masc^plura 15-20. — I do not know whicli of the leafless Euphor- bias belong here as Necker omits the types ; but observers will easily ascertian. 1170. ToRFASADis R. (n. afric.) diff. Euph. pe- riantho clauso dentib. 5, externe 5sepalis car- nosis obtusis — Type T. canariensis Raf,, E. do L. and probably several other sp. 1171. Dactylanthes Haworthdiff. Euph. per, simplex 4-5sepalis tubulatis bilabiatis, lab. sup. brevi trilobo, inf. longior palmato tridactylo — Types D. anacantlia, tuberculata, medusa and akin sp. many blended in E. medusa, also D. glohosa H. Euph. do hot. mag. 2624. Perhaps- 2 subg. Anacantha and Medusita^ this with se- pals oft. 4parted not tubular. 1172. TiRUCALiA R. (n. ind) diff. Euph. per. simplex ventricoso, 4-51obo lobis planis rotatis integris coloratis f^. masc. pluris . . . caulescens, fruticosa^ foliosa, fl. non umbel — This an- swers to the Tithymaloides of Tournefort and includes the T. indica. Enph. tirucali L. with many akin sp. but the flowers must be well des- cribed in all, as several form peculiar genera. 1173. Adenorima Raf. (gland, pit) diff. Euph. periantho tubuloso, apex 4dent. glandulis 4 mag- nis umbilicatis alt. fl. masc. msertis ad per. latere, bract, subul. antheris ineq. bilobis, stylo trifido, stig. acutis. frutic. foiiosa, fl, umbel, bractea- tis. — Type Ad. punicea Raf. E. do Sw. W, P. bot. reg. 190. fol. lane, cuneat. subt. glaueis, umbellis 5fidis, invol. laneeol. pedic Ifl. bracteis CENTURIA XII. 113 2 obov. coccineis ad floribus. Antilles. 1174. PLKUKAnKNA Raf. 1833 atl. journ. Poin- setia Grab. 1830. diti". Euph. periaiitho urceol. carnoso apice sub 81obo, ad latere glandula magna transversa unica concava melliflua, pho- rantho villoso alveolate, fl. niasc. paucis inclusis, antheris planis 21oc. stylis3 b'\fidisi. frutic, fo- liosa, fl. umb. involiicratis — Type /-*/. cocci- nea Kaf. atl. j. p. 182. Euph. poinsetiana et piil- cherima Hortis. Poinsetia piilcherima Gr, b. mag. 3493. fol. ovat. siibang. acutis, umbellade- pressa coryinbosa, invol. bracteif. obi. coccineis. Mexico, akin to the last G. described and nam- ed by me 3 years before Graham. Poinset was no botanist, he merely sent the seeds to our gar- dens where seen alive. 1175. Desmonema R. 1833 (fasc. fil.) diff. Euph. periantho duplex, ext. tubul. 5dent. vel 5part. connivens, per. int. 5 petaloideis membra- nosis cuneatis emarg. stani. vel fl. masc. fascicu- latis ad gynophoro insertis, plurimis filif. vix ar- tic. interdum castratis. Gynophoro trigone elon- gate, ovar. 3lobo, stylis 3 simplices. Herbacea foliosa, fl. umbel, invol. — Type D. hirta Raf. atl. j. 178. fl. tex. 19. caule simpl. striate scabro, apice hirto, fol. opp. petiol. ovat. obt. hirtisden- tatis, imis alt. ovatolanc. acum. invol. triphylo lanceol. sess. From Texas to West Kentucky very rare, pedal, fl. green, petals white not glued to the perianth as in the others, G. akin to Tra- gia, a link with the Tragides. 1176. Lepaijena R. (scaly gland) diff*. Euph. periantho simplex urceol. limbus Sfidus, 4 alt. brevis barbatis, 4 alt. major subrot. coloratis, ad basis ferens squamis magnis carnosis glanduli- formis concavis dilatatis, pherantho aristato vel fl. masc. castratis mixtis, gynophoro tereto, stylis J5 114 FLORA TELLUR. 3 trifidis, stig. 9. herhacea^ foliosa umbel, invoh — Type L. leucoloma Raf. Euph. do Raf. fl, tex. 11. atl. j. fol, sparsis obov. integris acutis, umb. Irifida, invol. fol. similis albo marginatis, Arkanzas and Missouri, seen alive in our gar- dens, where it has some varieties, simplex^ da- tior, cuneifolia &lc. When much handled it produces a kind of numbness. 1177. Kanopikon R. (n. grec.) difT. Euph. pen duplex, ext. bilobo piano, iriterno urceol. ad mar- gine 4 gland uloso, fl. niasc. 4 omnis bifidis dian- dris, gynophoro brevis, stylis 3 bifidis, caps, glo- bosa. Frutic. inermis umbel, invol. — 1 ype R, atropurpiireiim Raf. Euph. do W. b. mag. 3321. fol. imbric. reflex, glaucis cuneatis, um- bellis sessilis 4fidis, invol. 4 obov. Flowers dark purple, glands yellow. 1178. Aklema R. (n. grec.) difT. Euph. per. simplex, lobis subrot. crenatis, stylis connatis, stig. 3. Frutic. inermis., jl. cymosis nudis. — — Type A, nudijlora R. Euph. do Jaq. rar. t, 499. P. &c. Subtrichot. fol. ovat. integris un- dulatis. 1179. TuMALis R. (n. grec.) difT. Euphorbia or rather my G. Lacanthis 356 by — Per. cupu- laris, 5 dent, glandul. 5 alt. fimbriatis, fl. et fruct. pedunc. cum gynophoro. — Type T. bojeri Raf. Euph. do Hook. b. mag. 3527. fol. cuneat. coriaceis retusis, ped. axil, cymosis dichotomis, bract. 2. semiorb. coccin. basi coalitis. Mada- gascar. Habit of Lacanthis, less spinose, the bracts almost an outer perianth. These with Kanopikon, are remarkable by the androphores realy diandrous. 1 180. Vallaris R. (noni. lat.) difl". Euph. per. lobis 10, 5 alt. major scutellatis crassis planis. phorantiio setoso, androphoris vel fl. masc. in 5 CENTURIA XII. H5 phalangis 4-6andris. Herbncea, fol. oppos.fl, t>aris, sfpe divhotomis. — Types all the Kiiphor- bias, with liinbriate calix not already inentioned, and they are numerous, such as V. ipecacuana, porfalacoides, unlflora, missurica, Jimhriata ^c, and many others. 1181. Xamesike R. (n. grec.) diff. Euphorbia per. simplex campanulatus4lobo, lobis parvisin- t€:;ris vel crenatis. llerbacftt dichotoma sepe diffusa^ foL oppos. jl. axil. fasc. vel dicliot. — A very extensive G. easily known by habit, fl, not very dilVerent from other genera, but several must be separated and better distinguished ; for many new Sp. of N. Amer. see my new flora. Probably several subg. must be established. Xamesike vulgaris (Euph. chamesyce L.) has crenate lobes, X scordifolia serrate lobes, Xa- mohala has entire lobes. -1182. TiTHYMALis Ad. Necker, Raf, diff. Euph. periantho simplex, ventricoso, sepe 5lobo lobis scutellatis equalis planis crassis subrot. in- tegris, dentib. interjectis alt. obsoletis, fl. masc. sepe 12 ineq. frutic. et herb. fol. sparsis, umbellis compositis, involucratis, — The most numerous in sp. divided into 5 subgenera. 1. Paralias R, capsulis glabris. Such as T. or E. maritima (paralias L.) gerardi^ dendro- ides, linearis, rosea, helioscopia, panicidata, and many more. 2. TuLocARPA R. capsulis verrucosis, such as T. or E. spinosa, carniolica, palustris, plati- phylos, hiberna, inicrantha, literata, angu- lata, &LC. 3. TuLOisTA R. caps, verrucosis pilosisque. T. or E. verrucosa, pilosa Slc. 4. Xarakias R. caps, villosis vel lanatis. T or E. characias vel serotina Raf. granulata. coralloides caps, lanatis. 116 FLORA TELLXJR. 5. Pythiusa R. caps, echinatis vel setosis, T or E. fluids, piitliiusa vel fuscata, epithy' moides, obtusata &;c. 1183. Allodia R. (diff. lobes) diff. Tithyma- lis, perianthis monoicis, masculis lobis integris, femineis lobis lunatis, capsulis angulis rnuricatis — Type A. portlandica Rat'. Eaph. do L. auct. 1184. Kekasklma Necker. diff. Tithym. peri- anthis lobis lunatis vel bicornis, capsulis sepe glabris. — Many sp. in 3 subgenera. 1. Esula R. lobis sepe 5 emarg. vel bicornis: such as L. or Yi.fcdcata, esula, iucida, diver si- folia, sylvatica, retiisa, 6lc. 2. Lathyris R. lobis 5 lunatis. K. or E. la- thyris, peplus vel oleracen, gemsto'ideSj pro- vincialis, segetalis, cyparisias. squamosa, pal" lida, leplophyla, corifolia ^-c. 8. Karuitks R. lobis 4 lunatis. K. or E. ex'igua, rubra, seguieri &c. 1185. MiiRTEKiAS R. (n. grec.) diff. Tithym. periantho tubuloso ore serrato multifido, lobis scutellis 4 lunulatis — Type M. myrsimtes Raf. Euph. do L. auct. 1186. NisoMENEs R. (uneq. lun) diff. Tithym. per. lobis 4 lunatis ineq. 2 oppositis duplo major capsula glabra — Type N. diffusa Raf. Euph. do L. auct. 1187. LoPHOBios R. (crest cobios) diff. Ti- thym. pet. lobis cristatis vel lobatis crenatis, caps glabra. — Types L. cristata, terraeina R. Euph. do auct, Kobios was a grecian Tithymalus. 1 188. Agaloma R. (pretty border) diff. Ti- thym. perianthis sepe dioicis, cupularis vel cam- panul. lobis 5 eq. membranaceis rotatis integris dilatatis corollatis, ad basis glandulis 5 oppositis planis, fl. masc. filam. fascicul. clavatis, antheris 21ocul. capsulis glabris,^. umbeUatis vel dichot. CEWTURIA XII. 117 — A very pretty genus based on the E, corolla- ta and blended or akin sp. such as E. angastif. granthiif. 6lc. See my monograph. 1189. Pedilantiius Necker 179. africana R, fol. nervosis basi ciliatis fl. 2-3 axiL caps. 21oc. 2valv. 4sperma. Probably a subg. Diclisa Raf. very different from Cotn. africana of Persoon. The Com. erecta includes also several blended sp. having commonly the cap- sule trigone trilocular 3sperme : thus another subg. or G. perhaps same as my G. Ananthopus 690. 1212. DiLAsiA R. (2 villose) diff. Dirtea, cal. 3 ADDITIONS. 123 lane. pet. 3 eq. ovatis, stain. 2 fertilis villosis, 4 sterilis nectarif. glabris, stylo recurvo— Type D, vaginata Rat". Commcl. do auct. fol. linearib. fl, term, involucro convoluto vaginato. India. 1213. QuELTiA Salisb. diff. Narcissus, cor. tu- bulosa, limbo patulo, corona tubul. urceolata erosa, stam. 6 eq. inclusis connivens, stigma tri- lobo. — Thus very near to my Moskerion 843, Type Q, rnontana Raf, poculigera Salisb. Narc. montanus Pyr. Edw. b. reg. 123. fol. planis obt. fl. 1-2 cernuis albis, &c. 1214. Add to Troxistemon 853, the Pancra- tium littorale and its varieties driandri, disti- clium, mexicaiium, which are as many sp. were framed into the G. Hymenocalis by Sims ; but his characters of nect. erosum s. dent, filam. liber is Jlaccidis, was very loose and inacurate. It may be a subgenus. 1215. Nesynstylis Raf. (not un. St.) diff. Stru- maria, stam. liberis non monadelphis erectis stylis adnatis. — The G. Strumaria was put in 3 linnean classes Monad el phi a, Gynandria and Hexandria ! the monadelphous sp. belong to Narcissides, the free sp. to Hypoxides, they are iV. jilifolia and undulata R. Strum, do auct. the first was put in Crinum and Leucojum by L. and others, thus in 3 Genera ! figured in hot. reg. 440, habit Alli- aceous, fol, rad. filif. scapo teres, umbejla 10-l2ff. bract. 2ineq. lin. petalis albis obi. acutis, 1216. Agapanthus umhellatus Lher. W. P, hot. mag. 500, hot. reg. 699. Crinum africanum L. Mauhlia Th. Tulbaghia Heist, fol. vittatis an- gustis bifaris acutis, fl. umbel, nudis ceruleis, cor. infund. 6fidis, 3 alt, apex incrass. uncinatis,stam. declin. stigma trifido. — I have added this to shew its contrast with my G. Scadianus 855. 1217. Vagnera of Adanson is the G. ont r.c 124 FLORA TELLUit. Convallaria, since named Smilacina, Mayanthe- mum, Tovara &:c : being among the additions of Adanson it had escaped my notice ; but being the first and best must be restored, see 831. 1218. Add to PoDosPADix 821, many sp. have been blended in Pothos crassinervia, that proba- bly all belong to this G. I will add 5 other types — 2 Pod. teres R. Pothos do auct. P. crassiner- via hot. mag. 2987, fol. petiol. cuneat. obtusiusc. nervosis, scapo teres, spatha lanceol. spadix tri- uncialisobl. tereto. Demerara, the sp. of Ham- boldt is different by a pedal spadix. ¥od. Iium- holdi R — 3 Pod. angustif. R. fol, lanceol. acum. scapo angulato, spadix gracile : this is probably the sp. of Jaquin. — 4 Pod. jnicro- phyla R. Pothos do Hook, b, mag. 2953, fol, ovat. acutis costatis, petiolis apex incrassatis, spatha lanceol. revoluta, spadix obi. brevis. Bra- zil.— S. Pod. harisi R. Pothos do Hook. ex. fl. 211 fol. lane, magnis, spadix tereto, cetera ut 4. 1219. The G, Ludovia Pers. and Philoden- DRON Lindl. just published in bot. reg. 1958 must be added to the Aroides, this last has the habit of Tapanava 820 but is quite distinct by multi- locular berries ^c : this proves how many fine G. of Aroides were yet concealed in Pothos and Arum, 1220. Tremasperma R. (perf. seeds) diff. Bo- nanox 1026. cor. integra, capsula globosa hac- cata uniloc. cortex coriacea, pulpa fungosa alba 3-4sperma, sem. umbilic. perforatis. — TyP^ ^''• honanox Raf. Ipomea do Lunan. fol. cord, acum ped. l-2fl. Jamaica, quite peculiar fruit and of family Aplarnia. 1221. Teretetra Raf. (cut in 4) diff. Ornitho- sperma 1009 cor. campan. integra, capsula uni- ADDITIONS. 1*25 loc. 4valvis 4.sperma — Type T. violacca R. Ipomea do Liuian, Jamaica. 1222. Neortiiosis R. (not strait) near Doxenia 1020, cal. Sfidus, cor. tuho curvo, limbo plicato stam. exerta, stig. 4 sulcat. caps. 4loc. 4sp. sem. angul. — Types N. coccinea and tigrma Raf. Ipomea do of Lunan Jam. perhaps not of others. G. quite peculiar by curved corolla like Doxema perhaps a subg. of it. 1223. Dactylepis Raf. another G. near Gus- cuta and Nemepis. — Type N. hrownei Raf. Cuscuta do Lunan, ramosissima, fl. aggregatis, cal. 5dent. cor. Sfidis, stam. 5 sq. nect. 5 palma-y tis 5fidis. caps. 4spermis. Jamaica. 1224. Eronema R- (love threads) diff. Cuscu- ta and Nemepis, cal. colorato 5part. lane, co- rolla cup-'-laris, 5dent. stam. 5 antheris didymis, sq. nect. fiirbriatis, caps. 41oc. 4sp, — Type E. robir.soni R. Cuscuta do Lunan, fl. peduncula- tis. Jamaica, called love bush, medical, diuretic, aperitive. 1225. For Bragantia 1114 adopt Munnickia, since there was a genus Bragantia of Vandelli see 534 previous (?) to that of Loureiro. N. B. Add to Lepadena 1176, it is the Eu- phorbia marginata of Pursh and North America, not of Kunth and Mexico, which is perhaps a 2d sp. of the Genus. END OF this flora. V2i> INDEX OF GENERA &c. IN CENTURIES 9, 10, 11, 12. Natural Orders and Families are in Capitals, Synonyms in Italics. Abalon 865, 6 Abama 866 Abapus 833 Abbotia 889 Abrochis 903 Abumon 855 Acinax 953 AcoRiDiA 825 Acroanthes 943 Adamboe 1015. Adatoda 969. Adeloda 972 Adenorima 1173 Aechmidia 859 Agaloma 1188 Agapanthus 1216 Aklema 1178 Alkibias 1195 Allagas 953 Allium 874 Allobia 1183 Allopleia 972 AUosperma 1210 Almana 999 Aloides 855 Alpinia 946, 7 Alponica 955 Alskebra 1168 Alstromeria 898 to 900 Amaryllis 805 to 813 Amathea 989 Ambulia 966 Am buy a 1106 Amianthum 866. Amidena 822 Amomum 953 Amphianthus 959 Amphione 1031 Anacantha 1171 Anactorion 896 Anaxeton 1192 Anigozanthes 882 Anistylis 941 Anthanema 1071 Antheilema 992 Anthostomia 966.995, Aplarnia 1033, 68 Aplina 1194 Aplostylis 1076 Apomea 1014 Apopleumon lOlO Apteria 893 A-rethusa 938 to 40 Argyrexias 1060 Arietinum 936 Arinemia 962 Aristolochia 1101 to 1112 Arthropodium 870 Aroides and Arisa- RiA 825 Arum 802, 3, 818 Asarum 1113 Askofake 1152 xx^DEX. 127 _otinodelus 814, 15 Aspidistra 821, 1119 Astrocephalus 1085 Atamasco 809 Athymalus 1169 Aulica 808 Autogenes 839 Axillaria 831 Baimo 867 Balendasia 1140 Ballela 1001 Baloskion 888 Balostis 1131 Bartholinia 938 Basonca 998 Becabunga 955 Belvala 1136 Blephistelma 1128 Bletia 929, 940 Blexum 990 Bonanox 1026 Bojeria 947 Bragantia 1114, 1225 Bramia 966 Brassavola 924, 5 Braxireon 852 Brewera 1032 Brodiea 856, 7 Bromelia 861,2 Bulbodictis 960 Calathea 945 Calathinus 841 Calasias 985 Calla 801, 2 Calistachia 960 Calistegia 1004 Calixnos 1044 Canionea 1042 Cariirama 990 Canna 950 ^ Cariina 974 Cassytha 1077 Caulotulis 1023 Cephalaria 1088 CliamaUriuni 866 Chamepeuce 1192 Chondropetalon 890 Chlorophytum 871 Chryseis 1201 Cipura 880 Cleiemera 1027 Cleiostoma 1034 Clematops 1100 Clerodendron 1000 Clintonia 828 Clytiirelia 1148 Cochleanthes 930 Codiaminum 844 Coilostylis 904 Commelina 1207 to 1** Conanthcs 858 Convallaria828to831, 1217 Convolvulus 1001 to 1054, 1221 to 23 Cordula 934 Coryanthes 920 Cosmiza 1161 Costus 953 Craniolaria 998 Crateola 986 Cratodia 951' Crepidaria 1189 Chessaria 1065 Crinides 845 1-28 INDEX. Crinum 854, 5, 1-216 Criosanthes 93G Crossandra 988 CucLilina 943 Cuscuta 10G9 to 76, 1223, 4 CUSCUTARIA 1065 Cyathophora 1190 Cytnbidium 924 Cypripedium 931 to 36 Cyrtosites 1167 Dactylanthes 1171 Dactylepis 1223 Dactylorhiza 903 Daiswa 832 Daphne 1141 to 44 Decaloba 1022 Dendrobium 918,9,926 to 928 Dendropogon 860 Derwentia 958 Desmonema 1175 Dessenia 1145 Dianthera 977 Diatrema 1008 Diclinotris 866 DiCONDRANIA 1065 Didothion910 Diglosselis 1108 Dilasia 1212 Dilomelis 926 Diototheca 1100 Diplanthera 936 Diphrylum 941 Dirtea 1211 Disa 943 Distimake 1045 Disteira 998 Ditereia 1052 Dituilis 942 Ditulima 918 Dodecasperma 900 Dodecula 955 Doxanthes 945 Doxema 1020 Doxosma 804 Dothicroa 977 Dothilophis 913 Dracena 826 to 28 DracontiumSlGto 818 Drymirhizes 951 Ecbolia 968 ECHIDIA 1055 Echium 1055 to 1061 Einadia 1205 Einomeia 1105 Elegia 886 Elegides 886 to 889 Emprotia 825 Emularia 978 Emulina 1039 Encyclia 906 Endasia 955 Endocodon 944 Endodeca 1109 Endomelas997 Enothrsa 927 Enskido IIGO Epiclia 1065 Epidendrum 804-6,907- 14,917,924,937 Epimesia 1167 Equisetia 825 Erantheinum 994 INDEX. 129 Eronema 1224 Eryostax 861 Erndeliall33 Esula 1184 Ethesia 981 Eucallias 862 Eucrosia 875 > EUCROSIDES 875 ) Euphorbia 1168 to 1190 EUPHORBIDES 1167 Euphylleia 827 Eupodanthes 977 Euptilia 1089 Eurycles 848 Euryloma 1019 Eusarcops 812 Eustaxia 960 Eustrephus 884 Eutereia 816 Evallaria 831 Eveltra880 Evolvulus 1046 to 1054 Exallosis 1048 Exeria {Eria) 943 Exioxylon 1055 Exocroa 1037 Eydisantheraa 902 Ferraria 879 Fimbrula 955 Fissilia 1081 Flavicoma 979 Flugea 830 Fraxima 1047 Fritilaria 954 Froscula 928 17 Gamaria 943 Gandarusa 968 Gastrilia 1141 Geobina (georchis)94^ Gerardia 995 Gethylis 833 Geunsia 971 Globeris 831 GlossurallOO Gloxinia 998, 9 Gong or a 920 Gonokeros 1096 Gomphipus 1024 Goody era 911 Granadilla 1121 Gratiola 905, 6 Gurenias 864 Gynampsis 828 Gynizodon 916 Gynoisia 1018 Haemanthus 834 to 37 Haemodora 882 Hamulia 1155 Harrackia 988 Haylockia 810 Hebe 961 Hecabe 929 Hellenia 953 Hemelosia 960 Hemilasis 1016 Heminema 1209 Heroion 814 Hexalepis 859 Hexalectris 940 Hexaplectris 1102 1^0 INDEX, Hexastylis 1113,1202 Hirselina 908 Hookeria 857 Hygrophila 993 Hypoestes 971* Ictodes 817 Idalia 1025 lebine 912 Ifuon 815 Ilkxia 1065 llysanthes 965 Ilytliuria 948 Intrusaria961 Ipomea 1016 &c Ismene 847 Isoloba 967 Isonica 955 Isoplesion 1057 Isotria 938 Isypus 1012 Janasia 980 Jensoa 908 Jimensia 909 Jonquilla 840 Juncus ^^.7 Justica 968 to 689 JUSTICOIDES 968 Kadula 1070 Kadurias 1073 Kanopikon 1177 Karaguata 860 Kariiites 1184 Katubala 950 Kemopsis 1016 Keraselma 1184 Kethosia 1029 Kolofonia 1013 Kuniria 973 Lacara 1001 Lachnospermum 1199 Larephes 1059 Lasiake 1066 Lathyris 1184 Laticoma 813 Latrienda 1040 Leiena 891 Leiosandra 1067 Lentibularia 1150 Lepadena 1176 Lepiactis 1056 Lepimenes 1075 Leptandra 960 Leucrinis 866 Leucodermis 834 Leucopsora 1094 Libertia 807 Lilavia 899 Limodorum 908, 9 Limosella 963, 4 Liparis 941 Liriamus 854 Lizeron 1001 Lobake 1038 Lomalix 1016 Lomelosia 1093 Lomiptia 1014 Loncotoma 968 Lophiaris 917 Lophobios 1187 Lophoglotis 943 Lunania 1208 INDEX. 131 Lustrinia 976 Macradenia 906 Macrogyne 1119 Macropliora 1125 Malaxis941 to 43 Maracoa 11*21 Marama 975 Maranta 9 14, 952 Martynia 998 Mascalanthiis 1191 Mattuskkea 10G4 Maxillaria 923, 3 Mayanthemum 831, 1217. Meborea 1117 Medusita 1171 Megozipa 1162 Meionica 955 Meionula 1154 Meioperis 1126 Meiosperma 984 Melanthium 865, 6 Melascus 1036 Melasis 1014 Meloneura 1117 Melorima 954 Menephora 936 Mesodoa 810 Mesophores 963 Mesteniphus 1101 Microla 1051 Microstylis 943 Milhania 1004 Modeca 1124 Modesta 1021 MONNIERIDIA 1064 Monomesia 1064 Monstera 831 Morea 879,8^1 Moskerion 843 MunnicLia 12 >5 Murtekias 1185 Murucoa 1014 Murucuia 1127 Mutafinia 963 Naucissides 838 to 853 Narcissus 838 to 844, 1212 Nemampsis 826 Nemanthera 1035 Nemapiodon 846 Nemepisia 1074,1223 Nemitis 893 Nemoctis 1044 Nemostima 1043 Neorthosis 1222 Nepenthes > 1118 Nepentiiides ^1119 Nesipus 1158 Nestronia 1145 Nesynstylis 1215 Nisomenes 1186 Nolana J 1032 NOLANIDIA I 1063 Ocneron 1198 Ocripha 1051 Octomeria 926, 7 Octoplisll43 Odicardis 956 Odonectis 939 Odostelma 1134 13*2 INDEX. Olax 1080 Olsynium 878 Omonoia 1201 Oiicidiiim 915, 16 Onkeripus 922 Ophiopogon 830 Ophiostachifs 866 Ophrys 912 Oplonia 987 Orboiiica 955 Orchides 901 to 943 Ormostema 907 ffrnithogalum 868 Ornithospermum 1009 Orontium 822, 3 Orthosanthes 879 Orxera 905 OsmiiJaria 977 Otosma 801 Oximula 977 Ozarthris 1078 Pancratium 845 to 853 Parieguia 897 Panemata 984 Panoxis 957 Panstrepis 920 Paplria 833 Paralias 1182 Paris 832 Pasganon 896 Passerina 1135 to 1140 Passiflorea, Passi- floia 1120 to 1134 Paussia 1139 Pedilanthus 1189 Pedilonum 928 Peliosanthes 864 Peltimela 964 Pentake 1072 Pentanthus 1001 PeiNtanisia 1065 Pentena 1097 Penthysa 1061 Pentulops 923 Perama 1064 Peremis 1129 Perihcma 836 Periexa 1043 Pericodia 1134 Periloba 1063 Periphas 1054 Personula 1164 Phaianthus 881 Phaiobleps 876 Phadrosanthus 901 Phalarsides 1167 Pharides, Pharium 873,4 Pharbitis 1007 Philodendron 1219 Phlebocarya 883 Phylidrum 892 Phylloma 827 Piaropus 1204 Pierardia 919 Pinguicula 967 Pistides 961 Pistolochia 1107 Pitcairnia 868 Plagistra 1103 Plectoma 1166 Plectreca 1197 Plectronema 809 INDEX. 133 Plectrelminthus 921 Plesiagopus 1028 Pleuradena 1174 Pleurastis 813 Pleuremidis966 Pleurospa 803 Plexisa 1165 Podaletra 1030 Podonix 872 Podospadix 821, 1218 Pogadelpha 877 Pogonema 809 Fogonia 938 Poinsctia 1174 PorniiA 10G5 Vontederia 1204 POTHIDIA 825 Pothos817 to821, 1218 Praskoinon 874 Priopetalon 898 Pseudomelia 862 Psophiza 1110 Psydarantha 952 Psychilis 914 Psychopsis 915 Pteriphis 1111 Pterocephalus 1086 Pulcolia 968 Pullis 1016 Pythiusa 1182 Quamoclita 1014 Queltia 1213 Ramonda 1068 Restio 886 to 891 Rhagodia 1205 Rhizemis 863 Rhodoxylon 1033 \Rhopiurn 1117 RiCINIDES 1167 Roslinia 989 Rotheca lOOO Ruellia 990 to 95 Rumputris 1077 Rupifraga 1203 Ruscus 864 Sacodon 932 Salacides 1117 Samudra 1011 Sanamunda 1135 Sanilum 1003 Sarcanthera 982 Sarcoperis 1208 Saurukidia 825 Scabiosa 1084 to 1099 Scadianus 855 Scadiara 1001 Scadoxus 835 Scaduakintos 853 Scanionea 1007 Schenoprasutn 874 Scopolia 1146 Septilia 997 Serena 837 Sericosperma 1016 SerratuJa 1200 Sesamides 998 Sigillaria831 Simira 868 Siphisia 1112 Siphonanthus 1064 134 INDEX, Siphotoma 851 Siphostegia 1131 Siphyalis 829 Siraitos 865 Sisvrinchiiim 876 to 880, 897 Sixalis 1095 Skoinolon 866 Smilacina 831 A217 Sowerbea 894 Sparaxis 895 Spathyema 817 Spermoxyron 1082 Spiranthera 885 Spironenrja 1079 Spirospatha 802 Spirostylis 949 Staehelina 1192 to 99 Static IDES 1065 Steirexa 1116 Steiroctis 1138 Stenatithtim 866 Stenopolen (Stenia) 943 Stethoma 970 Stevogtia 1002 Stimegas 933 Stonioisia 1153 Stratidks 951 Strepsanthera 818 Streptylis 1207 Strumaria 1215 Stylexia 1202 Stypandra 869 Styrandra 831 Stylisma 1050 Succisa 1087 Sulpitia 906 Symethus 1049 Sy mplocarpus 817 Synactila 1130 Synadena 805 Synarmia 901, 951 Synarthia 1083 Synexemia 1191 Tacsonia 1131 Talanelis 1001 Tamus 863 Tapanava 820 Taumastos 807 Tephranthus 1117 Tereietra 1221 Tereiphas 1091 Testuditiaria 863 Thalia 948, 9 Thapsus 1066 Thicuania 937 Thlasidia 1099 Thunber-ia 996, 7 Thyella 1051 Tilcusta 823 Tillandsia 859, 60 Tirucalia 1172 Tirtalia 1005 Tomodon 850 Torfasadis 1170 Tragides 1167 Traxara 1056 Tremasperma 1220 Tremastelma 1098 Trichima 1043 Trichopus 1116 Triexastima 1206 INDEX. 135 Triglochin 889 Thillidia 832 Trilobulina 1163 Trimeiandra 1137 Trimeriza 1115 Trisacarpis 811 Tristegiall31 Tristemon 887 Trixapias 1161 Troxistemon 853, 1214 Troxula 1014 Tulakenia 1200 Tulexis 924 Tulipa 872 Tulocarpa 1182 Tuloclinia 1196 Tuloisia 1182 Tulotropis 1014 Tumelaia 1142 Tumalis 1179 Tupistra 824 Turbina 1041 Turpethum 1006 Typhacea 825 Upudalia 994 Ur anther a 977 Utricularia 1149 to 1066 Uvularia 867 Vagnera 1217 Vallaris 1180 Vallisnerides 951 Verbascum 1066, 68 Veronicides 955 Veronica 955 to 62 Vesiculina 1159 Viscum 1078 Volkameria 1000 Volutella 1079 Xaiasme 1145 Xamesike J 1181 Xainobala ( 1181 Xarakias 1182. Xaritonia 806 Xerogona 1123 Xetola 1092 Xylobium 923 Xyphidia 855, 894 Xyphostylis 950 Ygramela 963 Ymnodia 845 Zelmira 945 Zephyranthes 809, 10 Zingiber 953 Zygopetalon 930 THE END. IVOTICES. Late works published by Prof. Rafinesqne, History of the American Nations, before and after Columbus — 2 volumes published — ^ 5 for 6 volumes to subscribers. Life, travels and researches of Prof. Rafin- esque, in both Hemispheres — one vol. 12mo. 75 Cents. The philosophy of Instability — one volume 8vo. $ 1,50. New FIoi*a of North America — One volume 8vo.— $5. Herbarium Rafinesquianum — $ 1. Atlantic Journal, with 200 tracts on Sciences, one vol. 8vo. complete — $ 2. A few copies of former works for sale — Ana- lysis of nature — Principles of Semiology — Out- lines of discoveries — New Genera of Animals and Plants of Sicily — Ditto of North America — Fishes and Shells of the River Ohio — Medi- cal flora of the United States, &c. Unique Copy of Autikon Botanikon or 2500 Self figures of new and rare plants, folio $ 500 Icones plant, rariorum N. Amer. folio, 600 figures~$300. i.-a-P 4> w .y^ ■'■:^ ' ,-' M i>>*^:^ ^' ^<^- ^ c^ ■SJ' •-* 3 ^ -=" .^ , • y ^^"^c^ ^i^> i<57^ N«w York Bolantcal Gard«n Ltbrary QK94 .R3 gen Rafinesque, Constantine/Flora Telluriana 3 5185 00091 9652 ^^>^ '-•^■'-iA ^..^j9^ ^^^ ^-^ 0^-^ ^>.s>.