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Flora Vectiana.

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Flora Vectiana :

BEING

AN ARRANGEMENT

OF

THE MORE RARE AND INTERESTING

Pants

INDIGENOUS TO

THE ISLE OF WIGHT.

#* 'W.Zi&u* fHtvkt ". Sec Itfh. A*&vkj b/kt&&

<r'*+z MA^ed idto^/, fez. c&6y <&¥^Jri\.

unnumber'd flow'rs,

The negligence of Nature, wide, and wild ;
Where undisguis'd by mimic Art, she spreads
Unbounded beauty to the roving eye." Thomson.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, SHOE-LANE.
1823.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK

PREFACE.

IN offering to the Public this Flora of the Isle of
Wight, the Editor is induced to entertain a hope
that it may be found useful, both by contributing to
the pleasure and improvement of those who may
make it a companion in their excursions, and by
conducing in some degree, however humble, to the
promotion of the delightful and interesting science
of Botany. The utility of local Floras for this pur-
pose has been recognised by the most distinguished
Naturalists; and, if authorities were necessary, we
might mention the Flora Tonbrigiensis of Mr. T. F.
Forster, and The Botanists' Guide by Messrs. Tur-
ner and Dillwyn ; to the latter of which works the
Editor is happy to acknowledge his obligations.

To those who take pleasure in admiring and
studying the works of Nature, no occupation will

vi PREFACE.

seem more congenial with the leisure and enjoyment
of a sojourn in the country, or of a visit to any spot
distinguished by the beauty of its scenery, than that
of examining the natural productions which it pre-
sents to their view. The plants which adorn and
characterize a picturesque country, impressed on the
recollection by that attention which the Botanist is
led to bestow on them while enjoying his rambles,
contribute largely to the stock of delightful associa-
tions which he carries away with him, and often
call up the remembrance of the scenes in which he
observed them. And in the intervals of rest, or of
unfavourable weather, he may furnish himself with
agreeable occupation, in examining such as are new
to him.

To the proficient in the science, such a list will
also be useful, in saving his time by directing him to
the places of growth of such plants as he may wish
to obtain : and we shall be happy if our imperfect
labours should tempt him to record what have
escaped our notice, and which we shall thankfully
insert in future editions.

" Botany," says the venerable Professor Martyn,
" is not to be learned in the closet ; you must go
forth into the garden or the fields, and there become
familiar with Nature herself, with that beauty, order,

PREFACE. vii

regularity, and inexhaustible variety which is to be
found in the structure of vegetables, and that won-
derful fitness to its end, which we perceive in every
work of creation, as far as our limited understandings
and partial observations give us a just view of it."
And we shall, we trust, contribute in no small de-
gree to the gratification of the Botanist, should we in-
duce him to pursue his favourite study amidst the
delightful scenery of the Isle of Wight, where at
every turn he will enjoy a two-fold pleasure, derived
at once from the investigation of nature, and the
varied prospects of a beautiful country.

EXPLANATION.

The following Arrangement has been made according
to the Classes to which the different plants belong in the
Linnaean System, which method has been considered as
more satisfactory to the Botanist than that of placing the
different Genera in alphabetical order.

The first name is that of the Genus, the second that
of the Species, after which will be found the most common
English name of the plant, with its general habitat, or
place of growth -, and when any particular place is speci-
fied, the name of the person who has there observed it, is
commonly annexed.

Observations respecting the peculiarities or the virtues
of some plants are contained in notes at the bottom of
the page j which notes have been selected chiefly from
" An Arrangement of British Plants/' by William Wither-
ing, Esq. F.L.S.

Flora Vectiana.

MONANDRIA.

Chaba hispida. Prickly Stonewort.

Ditches in the marsh near Easton, plentifully.
Salicornia herbac&a. Jointed .Glasswort, or Marsh
Samphire.
Abundant on the muddy shores of the Medina,
Yar, and Brading Harbour '.

DIANDRIA.

Circjea lutetiana. Enchanter's Nightshade.

Woods and shady lanes. In the lanes west and
south of Blackwater. W. D. Snooke.

1 From the ashes of this plant a fossil alkali is obtained, which
is in great request for making soap and glass. It is chiefly made
on the coast of the Mediterranean, and is called soda. The whole
plant has a saltish taste, and is greedily devoured by cattle.

Veronica montana. Mountain Speedwell.

" Wood between Newport and Ryde ; and at

Shanklin." D. Turner.
N.B. Several other species of Veronica are com-
mon in the island.
Utricularia vulgaris. Greater Bladdersnout, or Hooded
Water Milfoil.
Ditches in the marsh near Easton, plentifully.
Ligustrum vulgare. Privet.

In hedges and thickets, abundantly2.
Orchis ustulata. Dwarf Orchis.

" Freshwater, near the cliffs." D. Turner.
Opiirys spiralis. Ladies-traces.

Near Carisbrooke Castle, Colwell, and Fresh-
water. Sir Nash Grose's grounds near Ryde.
— — — apifera. Bee Orchis.

Carisbrooke, and Steephill. Pulteney. In the

meadow at St. Boniface. W.D. Snooke.
Foot of the downs near Freshwater. Mrs. Rush-
worth.
Serapias latifolia. Bastard Hellebore. [Epipactis. Sm.
"Between Shanklin and Godshill." J. Woods jun.

8 The berries are filled with a violet pulp, from which a rose-
coloured pigment may be prepared. It is planted to make hedges,
or commonly to thicken thorn hedges ; it grows fast, and may be
raised from cuttings. It bears the smoky atmosphere of large
towns. If the berries are gathered as soon as they are ripe, and
used with the addition of alum, they will dye wool and silk of a
good and durable green : the leaves are bitter, and slightly astrin-
gent. Oxen, goats, and sheep eat it ; horses refuse it.

Serapias palustris. Marsh Helleborine.

Banks in Colwell Bay. Marsh near Compton.
Lemna trisulca. Ivy-leaved Duck-meat.

Ditches in the marsh near Easton, and about
Sandown, in abundance.

TRIANDRIA.

Valeriana rubra. Red Valerian.

Yarmouth Castle, plentifully ; together with the
variety flor. albis.

Locusta. Blue Valerian.

Var. foliis dentatis, by the Finger Post at the
junction of the Yarmouth and Freshwater road.
" Fields at Shanklin, Luccomb, and Carisbrooke,
always mixed with the common Locusta." D.
Turner.
Bryonia dioica. Red Bryony, or Wild Vine.

In hedges, &c, rather common 3.
Iris fcetidissima. Stinking Gladwyn. Stinking Flag.

Between St. Lawrence and Steephill. Common
in the island, on hedge banks and sloping ground.
Scirpus multlcaulis. Many-stalked Club Rush.
"Bog at Freshwater." D. Turner.

3 The root is purgative and acrid ; a dram of it in substance, or
half an ounce infused in wine, is a full dose. A decoction made
with one pound of the fresh root is the best purge for horned
cattle. Two or three of the berries have been eaten without any
observable effects. Goats eat it ; horses, cows, sheep and swine
refuse it.

b2

Scirpus setacens. Least Rush.

Marsh near Easton.
— — sylvaticus. Wood Club-grass.

"Under the Cliff at Shanklin." D. Turner.
Carex paniculata. Great Panicled Sedge.

Marsh on Col well Heath.
pcndula. Pendulous Sedge.

Abundant about Shanklin Chine. "Near Ryde."
D. Turner.
hirta. Hairy Sedge.

Banks in Totland Bay.
ftava. Tawny Sedge.

Var. (C. fulva.) " Bog at Freshwater." D.Turner.
extensa. Long Bracteated Carex.

Var. (C. CEderi of E. Bot. 1773.) " Wood be-
tween Ryde and Newport." D. Turner.
distans. Loose Sedge.

In the bog at the source of the Yar.
Icevigata. Beaked Carex.

"Wood between Ryde and Newport." D. Turner.
Tyimia latifolia. Great Cat's-tail.

About the Medina and Yar, in plenty.
Sparganium natans. Floating Bur-reed.

In the Medina and Yar, in abundance.
Milium lendlgerum. Panic Millet.

"Near Ryde." J.Woods jun.
Agrostis alpina. Bristle-leaved Bent-grass.

(A. setacea Fl. Brit.) About Colwell, Hill Farm,
and Freshwater, not unfrequent. "Apse Heath,
and Bleak Down." D. Turner.

Aira aquatica. Water Hair-grass.

Pond near the village of Pann.
Ruscus aculeatus. Knee Holly, or Butcher's Broom.

Banks near West Cowes. Between Newport
and Cowes> near the Horse Shoe. Between
Weston and the High Down.
Poa rigkla. Hard Meadow-grass.

Shide Chalk-pit, &c, rather common throughout
the island.

maritima. Sea Meadow-grass.

In abundance near Yarmouth and Brading.
Dactylis stricta. Smooth Cocksfoot-grass.

Yarmouth, in abundance.
Festuca rubra. Purple Fescue.
Spit at Norton.

elatior. Tall Fescue.

Common on the coast in argillaceous soils. First
noticed by D. Turner.

loliacea. Spiked Fescue.

By the side of the Medina between Newport and
Shide.
Bromus racemosus. Smooth Brome-grass.

"Freshwater." D.Turner.
— — erectus. Upright Perennial Brome-grass.

" Luccomb." D. Turner.
Avex a fatua. Bearded Wild Oats.

Fields about Carisbrooke, plentifully j and rather
common in the island.

pubescens. Rough Oat-grass.

" Common about Luccomb, Carisbrooke, Fresh-
water, &c." D. Turner.

6

Avena pratensis. Meadow Oat-grass. •

Shide Chalk-pit, " Luccomb, &c. not uncommon.' '
D. Turner.
Arundo arenaria. Sea Mat-weed, Sea Reed, or Marram.

On the sea shore near Ryde 4.
Triticum loliaceum. Dwarf Sea Wheat-grass.

"Yarmouth." E. Forsterjun.

TETRANDRIA.

Dipsacus sylvestris. Wild Teasel.

By hedge sides. In High-wood Lane near Pid-
ford. W. D. Snooke.
Scabiosa columbaria. Small Scabious.

About Carisbrooke abundantly ; and in calca-
reous soils throughout the island.
Aspkrula cynanchica. Squinancy-wort.

Carisbrooke Castle, and on all the chalky downs,
in abundance. •

Galium cruciatum. Cross -wort.

In hedges and wood sides, very common.

tricorne. Corned Bed-straw.

" On fields near Carisbrooke." D. Turner.

4 This plant grows only on the very driest sand upon the sea
shove, and prevents the wind from dispersing the sand over the
adjoining fields. Many a fertile acre has been covered with sand
and rendered useless, which might have been prevented by sowing
the seeds of this plant upon the shore. It is planted on some of
the fiat coasts of Norfolk to repel the sea ; and as soon as it takes
root a sand hill gathers round. The inhabitants of Newborough
in Anglesea make it into mats and ropes.

Rubia tinctorum. Wild Madder.

Common in hedges in most parts of the island.
First noticed by J. Woods jun.3
Cextuxculus minimus. Bastard Pimpernel.

Heath at Colwell, plentifully.
Myrica gallica. Dutch Myrtle.

Apse Heath, plentifully 6.
Potamogeton pusillum. Small Pond-weed.

Ditches in the marsh near Easton.
pectination. Fennel-leaved Pond-weed.

With the above, in abundance.
Ruppia maritima. Tassel Pond-weed.

Ditches in the salt marsh near Yarmouth, in the
greatest abundance.
Cornus sanguinea. Dogberry-tree.

Woods and hedges, not uncommon 7.
Urtica dioiea. Common Stinging Nettle.

Ditch banks, amongst rubbish, &c.8

5 Dr. Home pronounces Madder to be a powerful emmena-
gogue. The root yields a valuable and subtile red colour.

6 The northern nations formerly used this plant instead of hops;
but unless it be boiled a long time it is apt to occasion head-ache.

7 The wood is very hard and smooth, fit for the purposes of the
turner. The leaves change to a blood-red in autumn. The berries
are bitter and styptic ; they dye purple. A new kind of oil has
been discovered in the berries : they are laid in a heap to soften
and heat, when by pressure a fat oil may be procured, of a clear
green colour, without smell or taste, and well adapted for either
salads or lamps.

8 The stings are curious microscopic objects : they consist of

8

Betula alba. Birch- tree.

Woods, &c. in moist situations 9.
Alnus. Alder.

In low marshy situations 10.
Ilex Acjuifolium. Holly or Holm.

In hedges, &c.u

exceedingly fine-pointed, tapering, hollow substances, with a per-
foration at the point of each, and a bag at the base. The sting
readily punctures the skin, and an acrimonious fluid is forced up
from the bag, into the wound, and produces the stinging effect.
The stalks may be dressed like flax or hemp, for making cloth or
paper. An excellent cotton, proper for the manufacturer, may be
obtained from this common and useful plant. Woollen stuffs may
be dyed a beautiful and permanent green with the juice of nettles
only. The roots boiled with alum will dye yarn a yellow colour.
Asses are fond of it, and cows eat the leaves when a little
withered.

9 The wood is firm, tough, and white; women's shoe-heels,
clogs, and packing-boxes are made of it. If a hole be bored into
the tree when the sap rises in the spring, a sweet liquor distills
from it, which properly fermented, with the addition of sugar,
makes a pleasant wine.

10 Alder will not live in a chalky soil. It is easily propagated
by seeds, but not by slips or cuttings. The wood is soft, but en-
dures a long time under water : women's shoe-heels, clogs, cogs
for mill-wheels, and various articles of the turner, are made of it.
The bark yields a red colour ; and with the addition of copperas,
a black. The catkins dye green. The whole plant is astringent. If
planted in a low meadow, the ground will become boggy ; whereas
if Ash be planted, the roots of which penetrate a great way near
the surface, the ground will become firm and dry.

11 All the varieties which gardeners reckon, amounting to 40 or

PENTANDRIA.

Myosotis palustris. Water Mouse-ear Scorpion-grass.
In moist ditches, not uncommon.

arvensis. Field Mouse-ear Scorpion-grass.

Dry pastures and gardens 5 rather more common
than the preceding.
Cynoglossum officinale. Great Hound's-tongue.

Near the shore between St. Lawrence and Bon-
church, plentifully. W. D. Snooke. 1<X
Pulmoxaria angustifolia. Bugloss-cowslips.

Copse by the Medina below Newport, in plenty.
Wood between Wootton Bridge and Ryde, in
great abundance. Mr. Griffith, D. Turner, &c.

50, are derived from this one species, and depend on the variega-
tions of the leaves or thorns, and the colour of the berries. It
makes an impenetrable fence, and bears cropping : the beauty of
its verdure, or of its scarlet berries, never suffers from the severest
of our winters. The wood is used for veneering, and sometimes
stained black to imitate ebony : cogs for mill-wheels are also made
of it.

The Holly is peculiarly valuable, as flourishing with great beau y
under the shade and drip of the more lofty deciduous tribes.

Withering.

» Both the root and leaves have been suspected to possess nar-
cotic properties, but some will not admit the fact. Its scent is
very disagreeable, and much resembles that of mice ; especially
after it has been gathered half an hour. If gathered when in full
vigour, bruised, and laid in any place frequented by rats and mice,
they will immediately forsake the premises.
B 5

10

Pulmonaria virginica.

In a wood through which the road passes, about
two miles and a half from Newport to Ryde.
Mr. Griffith.
Symphytum officinale. Common Comfrey.

Banks of the Medina near Newport, Freshwater,
Afton, and Sandown, rather common 13.
Borago officinalis. Common Borage.

At Norton, and near Brading. At Godshill.
W. D. Snooke.
Menyanthes trifoliata. Water Trefoil.

In the marsh near Compton, and in the marsh
near Easton, in great abundance.
Lysimaciiia vulgaris. Yellow Loosestrife, or Willow-herb.

In the marsh near Easton.
Axagallis tenella. Bog Pimpernel.

Heath at Colwell, and many other places in the
parish of Freshwater, in plenty. Apse Heath.
Convolvulus Soldanella. Sea Bindweed.
Spit at Norton, and Sandown Bay.
Campanula Trachelium. Great Throatwort, or Canter-
bury Bells.
Hedge between Idlecomb and Shorwell.

glomerata. Little Throatwort.

Afton and Freshwater down, in plenty.

18 The particles of the pollen appear in the microscope like two
globules united together. The leaves give a grateful flavour to
cakes and panada, and the young stems and leaves are excellent
when boiled.

11

Campanula hybrida. Lesser Venus's Looking-glass, or
Corn Bell-flower.

Field near Lake.
Jasione montana. Hairy Sheep's Scabious.

Apse Heath, and under the cliff at Shanklin.
Verbascum Thapsus. Great Mullein.

Between Cowes and Newport. Common in most
parts of the island.
nigrum. Black Mullein.

Near Arreton and Merston. W. D. Snooke.
Datura Stramonium. Thorn-apple, or Prickly Pear.

" Ryde." S. Woods.

AtGodshill. W.B. Snooke.14
Hyoscyamus niger. Common Henbane.

Near the Hotel at Ventnor ; and at St. Lawrence,
in plenty. W. D. Snooke.15

14 At night, the leaves, particularly the upper ones, rise up and
inclose the flowers. The seeds or leaves taken internally bring
on tremors, delirium, &c. Acetous or citric acid is an antidote to
the poison. This plant has lately acquired attention by its alleged
efficacy in alleviating fits of spasmodic asthma. The roots and
lower parts of the stems only should be used ; these should be cut
small and put into a tobacco pipe, and the smoke must be swal-
lowed together with the saliva produced ; after which the person
will, in a few minutes, be relieved, and will probably drop into a
comfortable sleep, from which he will awake generally recovered.
He must avoid drinking with the pipe, but afterwards a cup of
coffee will be found highly refreshing. Under a vain idea of
curing consumption, &c. this plant has been incautiously used as
tea, and in some instances has proved speedily fatal.

15 The seeds, the leaves, and the roots of this plant, taken in-

12

Solanum Dulcamara. Bitter-sweet, orWoody Nightshade.

Common in hedges. The var. flor. albo. " Street
at Ryde." D. Turner.'6
nigrum. Common Garden Nightshade.

In gardens about Godshill. W. D. Snooke.xl
Chironia Centaurium. Common Centaury18.

In pastures, and road sides. A var. flor. albo.
Pastures on the south of Newport.
pulchella. Little Centaury.

" Ryde." S. Woods.
littoralis. Dwarf Tufted Centaury.

Sea banks near Compton.

ternally, sometimes pi\*;luce madness, convulsions, and death. The
Edinburgh College order the expressed juice to be evaporated to
an extract ; and in this state it may be advantageously joined with
Opium, where the effects of that medicine are desirable, and cos-
tiveness to be avoided. There is no doubt of its being a useful
medicine under proper management : the dose is from half a
scruple to half a dram.

16 Boerhaave reports it to be a medicine far superior to Sarsapa-
rilla, as a sweetener and restorative. The root has the smell of the
potatoe.

17 From one to three grains of the leaves of this plant infused in
boiling water, and taken at bed-time, occasion a copious perspira-
tion, and generally purge more or less the following day. But its
effects on the nervous system are so uncertain, and often so con-
siderable, that it must be administered with the greatest caution.
The flowers smell like musk.

18 This plant is extremely bitter. It is the basis of the famous
Portland Powder, which prevents fits of the gout, when taken in
large quantities and a long time together ; but brings on hardness
of the liver, palsy, and apoplexy.

13

Viola hirta. Hairy Violet.

About Carisbrooke and Newport j and common
in most parts of the island.

odorata. Sweet Violet.

Common in most parts of the island.

palustris. Marsh Violet.

Marsh on Apse Heath.

canina. Dog's Violet. Var. 3. Cream-coloured

Violet. (V. lactea, Ft Brit, and E. Bot.)
Inclosures about Parkhurst Barracks.
Samolus Valerandi. Water Pimpernel.

Banks in Colwell Bay • and in the marsh at
Freshwater Gate, plentifully.'9
Tiiesium Unophyllum. Bastard Toad-flax.

Spit at Norton Banks near Colwell. Brading
Downs. Afton and Freshwater Downs in great
abundance. First noticed by Dr. Stokes.
Vinca major. Greater Periwinkle.

Between Cowes and Newport. Norton. Between
Colwell and Weston ; and many other parts
of the island. South of Yarmouth, plentifully.
First noticed by Withering.
Chenopodium rubrum. Sharp-pointed Blite.
Freshwater Gate.

murale. Thick Shining Blite.

Newport, Freshwater, Sandown, &c. in plenty.

19 This plant is found in almost every part of the glohe, and
under very different latitudes. This circumstance, however un-
common with plants as well as animals in general, happens to se-
veral aquatics.

14

Chenopodium polyspermum. Upright Blite.

East bank of the Medina below Copping's Bridge.
ArRiPLExportulacoides. Shrubby Orache, or Sea Purslane.

Yarmouth, and Brading Harbour, in great plenty.
laciniata. Frosted Orache.

Yarmouth, sparingly.
littoralis. Grass-leaved Sea Orache.

Coast nearCowes; and most other parts of the coast.
Humulus Liipulus. Common Hops-0.

About Newport, Steephill, &c. in the hedges rather
common.
Beta maritima. Sea Beet.

Common on every part of the coast.
Gentiana amarella. Autumnal Gentian, or Felwort.

Banks between Norton and Totland. Shide chalk-
pit, and on all the chalky downs throughout
the island.

campestris. Field Gentian.

Heathy pasture between Colwell and Weston,
plentifully.
Eryxgiuw maritimum. Sea Holly.

Shore near East Cowes. Norton Spit ; and
Dover Spit, in great plenty.

*° The English learned the use of hops from some native of
Artois in the beginning of the sixteenth century ; but for a long
time after that, the addition of them to beer was held to be an
adulteration of that liquor. A pillow filled with hops is reported
to produce comfortable repose in cases where opiates have failed.
The bine or straw of hops contains an excellent hemp for making
cloth, canvass, ropes, and the very best materials for the manu-
facture of all kinds of paper.

15

Caucalis nodosa. Knotted Stone Parsley.

Freshwater Down.
Conium maculatum. Common Hemlock21.

Hedges, amongst rubbish, &c, not very com-
mon.
Crithmum maritimum. Sea Samphire.

Chalky cliffs from Compton westward. Bern-
bridge Cliffs. First noticed by D. Turner.
Sison Amomum. Bastard Stone Parsley.

About Newport, and common in most parts of
the island.

segetum. Corn Parsley, or Stonewort.

In corn fields, generally in abundance.
CExaxthk Jistulosa. Water Dropwort.

Marsh at Freshwater Gate. Withering.

crocata. Hemlock Dropwort--.

Medina near Newport, in plenty.

pimpinelloides. Parsley Dropwort.

Banks near Cowes. Freshwater. In the marsh
at the head of the Yar, in plenty. " Near
Ryde." S. Woods.

21 The whole plant is poisonous, and many instances are recorded
of its deleterious effects ; but modern experience has proved it to
be less virulent than was formerly imagined : and though it may
not cure cancers, it is certainly a very useful medicine when pro-
perly prepared.

22 The whole of this plant is poisonous, and the root is said to
be the most virulent of all the vegetable poisons in Britain. Four
spoonfuls of the juice occasioned the death of a person at Havant
in 1758.

16

Smyrnium Olusatrum. Common Alexanders.

About Yarmouth, Norton, and Thorley. By the

marsh below St. Helen's, in plenty.
Apium graveolens. Smallage, or Wild Celery.

About Newport, Yarmouth, and Bradir.g.
iEGOPODiUM Podagraria. Gout-weed, or Ash-weed.

Between Buccomb and Shorwell. Norton. Fresh-
water.
Viburnum Lantana. Mealy Guelder Rose.

Common in the hedges.
Sambucus Ebulus. Dwarf Elder.

Between Newport and Carisbrooke Castle.

" Between Luccomb and Bonchurch." S.
Woods.
Tamarix gallica. French Tamarisk.

Freshwater Gate. First noticed by Pulteney.
Statice Limonium. Lavender Thrift.

Yarmouth, and Brading Harbour, in abundance.
Linum usitatissimum. Common Flax23.

Places of growth not specified. Pulteney.

About Kennerley. W. D. Snooke.
angusiifolium. Narrow-leaved Pale Flax.

Near Ryde and Shanklin. About Colwell, Fresh-
water, Sandown, Kennerley, and most parts of
the island.

23 This valuable plant originally came from those parts of Egypt
which are exposed to the inundations of the Nile. The seeds yield
the linseed-oil in large proportion ; and tbe remaining part is made
into oil-cake, which is useful to fatten cattle. The fibres of the
stein are manufactured into linen.

17

Lixum Radiola. All-seed Flax. (Radiola millegrana, Fl.
Brit.) Heath at Colwell in spots from which
the turf has been removed. Between Newport
and Godshill near Bohemia. W. D. Snooke.

Cuscuta europcea. Greater Dodder.
"At Lake." Mr. J. Woods jun.

HEXANDRIA.

Scilla autumnalis. Autumnal Squill.

Dover Spit in the greatest abundance.

" Priory." J. Woods jun.
— — verna. Vernal Squill.

ff Near Newport." Pulteney.
Asparagus officinalis. Common Asparagus.

Norton Spit. " Freshwater." Pulteney.
Tamus communis. Black Bryony, or Ladies' Seal.

In hedges and thickets, common.
Juncus maritimus. Sea Hard-rush.

Norton, and Brading Harbour, in abundance.
Forsteri. Narrow-leaved Hairy-rush.

" Wood between Ryde and Newport, and at
Shanklin." D. Turner.
Rumex aquaticus. Great Water Dock.

Marsh near Easton, in plenty.
. pulcher. Fiddle Dock.

About Freshwater, Yarmouth, and Afton.
Alisma ranunculoides. Small Water Plantain.

Ditches in the marsh near Easton. First noticed
by D. Turner.

18

OCTANDRIA.

Epilobium tetragonum. Square-stalked Willow-herb.
Near Cowes, Newport, and Sandown, in abun-
dance.
Chlora perfoliata. Yellow Centaury.

Banks near Cowes. Colwell. Carisbrooke Castle.
Shanklin, &c. in plenty. First noticed by
Pulteney. Ventnor Cove. W. D. Snooke.
Erica vulgaris. Common Heath24.

Bleak Down. Wroxall Down. Common in many

places.
Var. flor. albis, place not specified. Pulteney.

cinerea. Fine-leaved Heath.

Var. flor. albis, place not specified. Pulteney.

Tetralix. Cross-leaved Heath.

Var. flor. albis, place not specified. Pulteney.
Polygonum pallidum. Pale-flowered Persicaria.

Freshwater and Colwell.
Myriophyllum spicatum. Feather Pond-weed.

Near Colwell. Ditches about Sandown, in
plenty.

24 Woollen cloth boiled in alum-water, and afterward in a
strong decoction of the tops of heath, comes out a fine orange-
colour. The stalks and tops will tan leather. In the island of Hay,
ale is frequently made by brewing one part malt and two parts of
the young tops of heath j sometimes hops are added.

DECANDRIA.

Moxotropa Hypopitys. Yellow Birds-nest.

" By the foot-way under the cliff from Luccomb
to Bonchurch." J. Woods jun.
Silene anglica. Small Corn Campion, or English Catchfly.
Fields between Lake, Sandown and Shanklin.
Near Princeslade. " Near Newport." Curtis.

maritima. Sea Campion, or Catchfly.

Shore near Egypt. Dover Point, sparingly.
Stellaria holostea. Greater Stitchwort.

Hedges and woods, common.
Arexaria rubra. Purple Spurrey, or Sandwort.

About Sandown, plentifully.
Sedum anglicum. English Stonecrop.

Warren in Freshwater Sandown Bay. Dover
Spit, in plenty.

reflexum. Sengreen.

Roof of a cottage at Easton. Sandown Fort.
Lychnis clioica. Red Campion.

Hedges, common. Var. flor. albis, or White

Campion.
In fields by French Mill near Godshill. W. D.
Snooke.
Cerastium aquaticum. Marsh Mouse-ear.

By the Medina, a little below Shide, sparingly.

telrandrum. Stitchwort. (Sagina cerastoides,

Withering.)
Afton Down by the sea. " High downs at Fresh-
water." D. Turner.

20

Spergula arvensis. Corn Spurrey. Var. 1. (S. pentan-
dra, E. Bot.)

Field east of Colwell. Near White Cross,
nodosa. Knotted Spurrey.

Shore at Norton. Marsh near Compton.

DODECANDRIA.

Lythrum Salicaria. Loosestrife.

Abundant about Newport, Freshwater, and other
places.
Agrimonia Eupatoria. Common Agrimony.

Hedges and shady places, common.
Reseda Luteola. Wild Woad, or Dyer's Weed.

Shide Chalk Pit. About Carisbrooke, &c. in
abundance.
Fagus sylvatica. Beech Tree25.

Wroods and hedges common.

85 This tree is difficult to transplant. It bears lopping, and may
be trained to form very lofty hedges. The wood is strong, though
rather brittle ; it soon decays in the open air, but endures long
under water. It is excellent fuel, and when burnt affords a large
quantity of pot-ash. The leaves taken in autumn, before they are
much injured by the frosts, make infinitely better mattresses than
straw, and last for seven or eight years. The nuts eaten occasion
head-ache ; but well dried and powdered, make wholesome bread :
they are sometimes roasted, and substituted for coffee.

The beautiful variety with purple foliage may be propagated by
engrafting on the common stock, and is very ornamental in shrub-
bery grounds.

21

Euphorbia portlandica. Portland Spurge.

Near the cliffs at the eastern extremity of San-
down Bay, in plenty.

platyphylla. Warty Spurge.

About Colwell. Observed also near Brading, &c.

amygdaloides. Wood Spurge.

Hedges and copses near Newport ; and most
other parts of the island, in abundance.

ICOSANDRIA.

Prunus insiiitia. Black Bullace Tree.

Hedges near Hill Farm. Princeslade and several
other places.
Spiraea Ulmaria. Meadow-Sweet.

Moist meadow-banks in several of the central
parts of the island.
Rosa tomentosa. Downy-leaved Dog Rose.

Place of growth not specified. 5. Woods.
Potentilla cinserina. Silver-weed, or Wild Tansey.

Sides of paths, common.
■ reptans. Common Cinquefoil.

Pastures and road sides.
Tormextilla officinalis. Septfoil.

Barren pastures and road sides.
Geum urbanum. Common Avens.

Woods and hedges.
Comarum palustre. Marsh Cinquefoil.

Marsh near Easton, in plenty.

22

Pyrus domestica. True Service-tree.

Frequent in the island.
Aria. White Beam-tree.

Near Brading. Mr. S. Woods.

POLYANDRIA.

Ciielidonium luteum. Yellow-horned Poppy, or Sea
Celandine.
Near Cowes, Steephill, and Ventnor, and most
other parts of the coast.
Papaver Argemone. Long Rough-headed Poppy.
Fields between Lake and the sea.

dubium. Long Smooth-headed Poppy.

About Carisbrooke Castle. About Shanklin Chine,
and in pastures in various parts of the island.
Cistus Helianthemum. Dwarf Cistus, or Little Sun-
flower.
Near Brading and Yaverland. Apse Hill. Downs

near Freshwater.
Var. petalis basi aurantiis, " Chalk-pit near
Carisbrooke Castle." D. Turner.
Aquilegia vulgaris. Columbine.

Hedge east of Colwell Barracks.
Ranunculus Flammula. Little Crowfoot e6.

Plentiful about Freshwater, and several other
parts of the island.

26 It is very acrid. Beaten to a pulp or paste, with a little mus-
tard, it makes a good blistering plaster. " The distilled water of
this plant operates as an emetic the instant it is swallowed : and

23

Ranunculus Lingua. Great Crowfoot.

Marsh near Easton, in plenty.
parviflorus. Small-flowered Crowfoot.

" Freshwater, by the Cliffs." D. Turner.
hederaceus. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot.

In a pond near Pann. Weston. St. Helen's, &c.
Arum maculatam. Wake Robin, or Cuckowpint27.
Ditch-banks, and shady places.

DIDYNAMIA.

Teucrium Chamcedrys. Wall Germander.

" Carisbrooke Castle." Pulteney.
Nepeta cataria. Nep, or Cat-mint.

Gravel-pit near Calbourne Bottom. Weston
Farm. Sconce Tower.
Mentha sylvestris. Horse-mint.

Noticed by Mr. S. Woods.

from the experience I have had of it, I feel myself authorized to
assert, that in the case of poison heing swallowed, or where there
is a necessity of making a patient vomit instantaneously, it is pre-
ferable to any other medicine yet known, and does not excite those
painful contractions in the upper part of the stomach which the
white vitriol sometimes does." Withering.

27 The root and leaves, when recent, are extremely acrid. The
root dried and powdered is used by the French to wash the skin,
and is sold under the name of Cypress Powder. It is undoubtedly
a good and an innocent cosmetic. Starch may be made from the
roots.

24

Mentha rotundifolia. Round -leaved Mint.

Road side near Colwell Barracks. " In the Un-
dercliff between St. Lawrence and Niton."
J. Woods jun.

piperita. Pepper-mint.

By the side of the Medina, below Shide. " Near
Ryde." J.Woods jun.
Galeobdolon luteum. Yellow Dead Nettle.

By the wood-side beyond Apse Hill. Dr. Moore.
Ballota nigra. Stinking Horehound.

Var. (3 between Freshwater Gate and Farringford
Hill.
Marrubium vulgare. White Korehound.

Abundant on all the downs west of Calbourne.
San down. Colwell.
Origanum vulgare. Wild Marjoram98.

Carisbrooke, and the Castle. Brading and Yaver-
land in abundance. Steephill, &c.
Thymus acinos. Basil Thyme.

About Carisbrooke Castle. Near Princeslade.

Calamintha. Calamint.

About Carisbrooke village and castle. Near some
cottages at Thorley, in plenty.
Scutellaria galericulata Blue Scull-cap.

By the Medina between Newport and Shide,
sparingly.

88 The whole plant is a warm aromatic. The dried leaves, used
instead of tea, are exceedingly grateful. The essential oil of this
plant is so acrid that it may be considered as a caustic ; dropt on
cotton, and put into a hollow aching tooth, it frequently relieves
the pain.

25

Scutellaria minor. Little Scull-cap.

Bog on Apse Heath, in abundance.
Euphrasia officinalis. Common Eyebright.

Pastures and road sides in many places.

Var. flor. purpureis, Colwell Heath.
odontites. Red Eyebright.

Meadows and pastures, common.
Melampyrum pratense. Common Yellow Cow-wheat.

Copse by the Medina below Newport, in plenty.
— arvense. Purple Cow-wheat.

By the Inn near Lord Dysart's.
Scrophularia aquatica. Water Betony.

About Newport, Freshwater, &c.
Antirrhinum repens. Pale Blue Toadflax, or Creeping
Snapdragon.

Hedges near West Cowes, in abundance.
minus. Little Snapdragon.

Shide Chalk-pit, in plenty. Fields near Tapnell.
majus. Great Snapdragon.

Yarmouth Castle, and many other old buildings
in various parts of the island.
Orontium. Calf's-snout Snapdragon.

Fields between Lake and Sandown. Fields between
Week Farm and St. Lawrence. W. D. Snooke.
Digitalis purpurea. Purple Foxglove "9.

Common by the hedges in most parts of the island.
Orobanche ccErulea. Purple Broom-rape.

" Steephill." Pulteney.

This is certainly a very active medicine. As a remedy ii

26

TETRADYNAMIA.

Bunias Cakile. Sea Rocket.

San down Bay in abundance j and most other
parts of the coast.
Thlaspi campestre. Mithridate Mustard, or Bastard
Cress.
Between Cowes and Newport.
Cochlearia danica. Danish Scurvy-grass.

" Near the Needles. High Down and Weston
Down by Freshwater." D. Turner.
• anglica. English Scurvy-grass.
Yarmouth. First noticed by Dr. Stokes.
Cheiranthus fruticulosus. Wild Wall -flower.

Carisbrooke Castle, and on most old buildings in
the island30.
Hesperis inodora. Dame's Violet.

" Bonchurch, sparingly." D. Turner.
Turritis hirsuta. Wall Cress.

" Carisbrooke Castle Hill, and High Down by
Freshwater." D. Turner.
Si.vapis alba. White Mustard.
Freshwater.

dropsy, particularly that hitherto almost incurable disease Hydro-
thorax, its importance has been amply ascertained. It has more
recently been employed as a sedative, and has proved serviceable
in retarding the undue quickness of the pulse, in many cases of
pulmonary consumption.

30 The cliffs from Compton to Freshwater Gate are covered by
a Cheiranthus not easily accessible, probably C. sinvatus.

27

Sinapis nigra. Common Mustard.
About Yarmouth and Norton.

MONADELPHIA.

Geranium columbinum. Long-stalked Crane's-bill.

Observed in one or two places in West Medina.

lucidum. Shining Crane's-bill.

Between Newport and the Barracks.
Alth.ea officinalis. Marsh Mallow.

Coast near West Cowes. Abundant about Nor-
ton and Freshwater.
Malta moschata. Musk Mallow.

Between Cowes and Newport. Between Caris-
brooke and Swainston, sparingly.
Lavatera arborea. Sea Tree Mallow, or Lavatera.

Sandown Fort, plentifully ; and about Sandown
Cottage. Sea coast near Ryde.

DIADELPHIA.

Fumaria capreolata. Ramping Fumitory.

Near the entrance to Apse Heath, in plenty.

claviculata. White Fumitory.

Polygala vulgaris. Milkwort31.

By the road side on Kennerley Heath near Rook-
ley. W. D. Snooke.

31 Linnaeus found this plant to possess the properties of the
Senega Rattlesnake roots (Polygala Senega), but in an inferior

28

Spartium scoparium. Common Broom.

Shanklin Chine ; and near Hyde, plentifully.
Genista tinctoria. Dyers' Green-weed.

Sea banks near Cowes and Colwell, in abundance.
Between Brading and St. Helen's.
— anglica. Needle Furze.

Heath by Colwell Barracks.
Ulex nanus. French Furze.

As abundant on the heaths as the U. europaus.
Ononis arvensis. Hairy Rest-harrow.

Var. ]3. Between Brading and St. Helen's.
Pisum maritimum. Sea Pea.

<( Sandown Beach." Pulteney.
Lathyrus sylvestris. Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea.
Below the clifts at Shanklin and Luccomb, in
abundance.

latlfolius. Broad-leaved Everlasting Pea.

" Sandown Beach." Pulteney.
Hippocrepis comosa. Tufted Horse-shoe Vetch.

About Carisbrooke Castle j and on all the chalky
downs.
Astragalus hypoglottis. Purple Mountain Milkwort.
Dover Spit, in plenty.
" Carisbrooke Castle Hill." Mr. Griffith.
Trifolium scabrum. Rough Trefoil.

High Down by Freshwater. First noticed by
D. Turner.

degree. An infusion of the herb, which is very bitter, taken in a
morning fasting, about a quarter of a pint daily, promotes expec-

toration.

29

Trifolium arvense. Hare's-foot Trefoil.

Dover Spit, in plenty.
medium. Zig-zag Trefoil.

Banks near Cowes.
fragiferum. Strawberry-headed Trefoil.

Abundant about Cowes, Newport, and most parts
of the island.
Lotus corniculatus. Bird'i-foot.

By the road sides very common.
Var. /3. " Hedges between Newport and Arreton."
D. Turner.
Medicago polymorpha. Snail-shell Medick, or Heart
Trefoil.
Parapet of Yarmouth Castle. Norton, &c.

POLYADELPHIA.

Hypericum Androsamum. Tutsan.

Sandown Cottage, Steephill. Between Luccomb
and Bonchurch.

humifusum. Trailing St. John's Wort.

Colwell Heath. Near West Cowes. Parkhur^t
Heath, &c.

hirsutum. Hairy St. John's Wort.

About Carisbrooke and the Castle. Between
Apes Hill and Swainston, in plenty.

SYNGENESIA.

Hieracium sabaudum. Shrubby Hawkweed.
Wood near Ryde.

c3

30

Hieracium umbellatum. Bushy Hawkweed,

Near Princeslade ; and on Apse Heath.
Cichorium Intybus. Wild Succory, or Endive.

In a field between Cowes and Newport.
Serratula tinctoria. Common Saw-wort.

Copses and heaths; abundant.
Carduus tenuiflorus. Slender-flowered Thistle.

On the chalky downs in West Medina, in plenty.
fi Every where about Freshwater." D. Turner.

nutans. Musk Thistle.

Very abundant on the Downs.

— eriophorus. Woolly-headed Thistle.

" Between Luccomb and Bonchurch." J. Woods
jun.

- pratensis. Meadow Thistle.

Road side between Tapnell and the Finger Post,
at the meeting of the Freshwater and Yarmouth
roads. First noticed by D. Turner.
acaulis. Dwarf Thistle.

About Carisbrooke Castle 5 and on all the calca-
reous downs, in plenty.
Carlina vulgaris. Wild Carline Thistle.

Carisbrooke Castle ; and on all the chalky downs.
Bidens cernua. Water Agrimony.

By the side of the Medina near Newport. Marsh
near Easton, in great abundance.
Eupatorium cannabinum. Hemp Agrimony.
Ditch banks and road sides, common.
Santolina maritima. Seed Cotton Weed.
Shore at Sconce Tower.

31

Artemisia maritima. Sea Southernwood.

Near East Cowes, and about Brading Harbour,
in plenty.

ccerulescens. Blueish Southernwood.

On the coast of Brading Harbour, near Broad Stone.
Gnaphalium rectum. Upright Cudweed.

" Frequent in the south-west parts of the island."
J. Woods jun.
Conyza squarrosa. Great Fleabane.

About Carisbrooke and the Castle. Near Brading,
Yaverland, and Ryde.
Erigeron acre. Blue Fleabane.

About Colwell Barracks, in plenty. Near White-
cross.
Tussilago Farfara. Common Colt's-foot 32.

Too well known to many farmers on moist and
stiff soils.
Senecio sylvaticus. Bushy Groundsel.

About Colwell Barracks. Sandown Bay. Between
Apse Heath and Lake. Below Shanklin.

tenuifolius. Hoary Groundsel.

Very common in most parts of the island.
Solidago virgaurea. Common Golden Rod.
Colwell Heath. Apse Heath, &c.

K This is the first plant that vegetates in marl or limestone
rubble. The downy substance on the under surface of the leaves,
wrapped in a rag, dipped in a solution of saltpetre and dried in
the sun, makes the best tinder. The leaves are the basis of the
British herb tobacco. It may be destroyed by cutting off the crown
of the root in March.

32

Inula Helenium. Elecampane.

About Weston Farm. Near Ashey. Freshwater.
Cineraria integrifolia. Mountain Fleawort.

"Belhan." Pulteney.
Matricaria Parthenium. Common Feverfew, or Feather-
few. (Tyrethrum Parthenium, E. Bot. and
Fl, Brit.)
Shanklin Chine, &c.

maritima. Sea Feverfew. (Pyrethrum mari-

timum, E. Bot. and Fl. Brit.)
Near Cowes j and on most parts of the coast.
Anthemis arvensis. Corn Chamomile.

Plentiful about Colwell,and most parts of the island.

nobilis. Common Chamomile 33.

Grassy parts of Parkhurst Heath. Colwell Heath.
Apse Heath. Royal Heath, &c. in great abun-
dance.
Achillea Ptarmica. Sneeze-wort Yarrow.

About the Depot Hospital.
Centaurea Scabiosa. Greater Knapweed.

Near Newport. Carisbrooke. Lake. Borders of
cornfields, common.

33 The leaves and flowers have a strong, not ungrateful smell,
and a bitter nauseous taste. They afford an essential oil. An in-
fusion of the flowers is often used as a stomachic, and as an anti-
spasmodic. In large quantities it excites vomiting. The powdered
flowers in large doses have cured agues, even when the Bark had
failed. Both the leaves and flowers are used in antiseptic fomen -
tations and poultices. From their antispasmodic powers they are
frequently found to relieve pain, either applied externally, or
taken internally, Ray recommends the flowers in calculous cases.

33

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Equisetum arvense. Common Horsetail.

Moist cornfields, gardens, &c.
Jluvlatile. River Horsetail.

By the sides of rivers and wet ditches. In a ditch
at Lake, near Gatcombe.
Osmunda regalis. Royal Moonwort. Pulteney.
Asplenium Scolopendriiim. Spleenwort, or Hart's Tongue.

On hedge banks in many places.
Lichen crenularius. Rusty-shielded Lichen.

On flints on the highest parts of the island.
atro-albus. Spotted Lichen.

The habitat the same as the crenularius.

Ulva dichotoma. -j

~ ± . \ Shores of the island. E. Forster jun.
fistulosa. j

Fucus reniformis. Kidney-shaped Fucus.

At Niton in the sea. Miss E. Everett.
Hypoglossum /3.

A common parasitical plant on the stems and tips
of other Fuci. Stackhouse.

obtusus. -v

tenuissimus. > Noticed by Stackhouse.

discors. J

bijidus $. -.

ciliaius p. > Shores of the island. Mr.Maimbitrg.

y.J

edulis.

At Freshwater Gate. Mr. E. Forster jun.

34

Fucus cartilagineus.

Freshwater Bay. Dr. Withering.
coronopifolius.

Shores of the island. Miss E. Everett.
pinastroides.

At Freshwater Gate. Mr. E. Forsterjun.

subfuscus. ^

confervoides s. > Shores ofthe island. Mr.Maimburg.

Opuntia. *

Conferva equisetifolia.

Noticed by Mr. E. Forsterjun.

EXOTIC PLANTS

GROWING IN THE OPEN AIR.

The climate of the Isle of Wight is so favourable to
vegetation, that the following Exotic Plants, natives of
hot climates, and cultivated only in greenhouses in other
parts of England, among others are to be found growing
in the open air in the garden of Mr. Nash, near East
Cowes.

Pittosporum Tobira. Native of China, stands out very
well in the flower-garden. Soil, loam and bog.

Edwardsia grand'tflora, or microphylla. Native of New
Zealand, will stand out. Soil, loam and bog.

Pomegranate, common double-flowered. Native of the
South of Europe, stands out and flowers well.

35

Myrtles of all sorts. Native of the South of Europe,
stand out well. More sorts at Mr. Nash's than
any other place in the island.

Rosa multiflora, or bracteata, with many others. Natives
of China, and stand out very well.

Cobcea scandens. Native of Mexico, a great climber, to
be raised from seed in March, and kept in a pot
till the latter part of April, then turned out, and
it will run thirty feet or more. Soil, rotten leaf
mold and loam, or rotten dung and common
garden soil.

Pyrus Japonica. Stands out without the least protec-
tion in winter. Soil, bog and loam.

Hydrangea hortensis. Native of China, stands out
well. Soil, bog and loam. Set young plants
that have not blossomed, in all bog mold, and they
will flower blue or purple.

Aucuba Japonica. Soil, bog and loam. Will do well
in a north aspect and moist situation.

Camellia, single red, stands out well.

Thea viridis, or Bohea. Native of China, stands out
well.

FINIS.

Printed by Richard Taylor,
Shoe-lane, London.

New York Botanical Garder

QK310.S6

Snooke, W. D. /Flora Vectiana; being

gen

I

3 5185 00126 6012

J