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Teetay pt T cerry sjorese fe sige! Thats gus eathesonipeges toners ig'¢ | btederenfes-sas )taetone ee sere s Cr ee ena Litecestereer p eeae eratels- 1ethumie e eeery LORE el ln eh ane SERN ele hereners widen ie) JO Ne Seis ig le 2 irae jenegecwnater «evar oe eaawret eee eres etree iret eOGie whens ee) OF srelecetsto eters heagnena ) sipleineine ceria. os alerin ‘ ew ONE ONE: 9h ORE + Mees erepery anete eee nehene Fe pert te we soe /8 comes 5a egeuebe he! ys oeehere tmp weehire aie Seal ate! ene Canae ernie ce mnenecere’s . a” peers base Ce eer er Wo i ithe le stetetegs posers 4 ® sehedete entree 6 Centre Metres tt. Iieers . ge teen pie ene: oh< #4 ays oe iwlerg anelans! vecvies Taeesete abela ieee ane piers “epee ee ehew ewe +yohere jaiailee (oie. oie eielarege 2 64485 Teeh tw wate eye e wil es gnane ener ehe & " tteetteiee les wre eee late tee te yl a ca heyseenseinane tae seiphetaeehs exoaebe *biceres genet ie eealere eee 8. + ie ie t levees we styiereis svarenel try pe SLT renews evane vere gy eterated oe atmadens «| oe poppiainsebaseseree tin eed whbreceits i> sos, iplessrorgsora Sed tees a 10k Ott fw ebe ene. ve oh eee vw. 4 the lass. @erwravehel sist we tests selem, ‘ sie a. 0p eho ve ere miote syereterede ie, sole pd acoder pg ; vere oteg rien. © . Mee nie te eee } Brg e. Pe ee, Pte (ee eagiay othe wieneig. Ae HOE HOG wee veeee sy gphde sawed Seeds. POP TTEOR HED Capita: Ths ee Fie jele ge eterpiere ote sretd:-$e*sens. per cnasetocegs Caper ree rr ante ae ae ee 8 epee e cee ieee see agets jane oe! Cowra) reat tot abate se ae fe 8 ae stele wie wie is ol hawenerwtenes! # see won Re were ie) ge 8 Ohenes4.. oserer 4.” qhed IO rere ey peherete: ateyeee ie wi aand rial | eters: oieigee + 5 pete ooh tehetstepstolciere epagmrere, se enw feael Sorb a s70haMe ahbge + Creare rere omens erent reat Petre pipoeee Tresbaseeees - te #199" | S9-OtRS ON ENEE ge! ee le tee bee ebeee me 8+ $otet ed eee reget ony Ce aelele ar withene een ete © Sa erw ie eee ¢ sisnesees Fie etaten eieheleiinss welere sy eee sotnabbgere seiner Wht. ¢ asents +s ouwiaes t sal rnres ere fsit at sar ttteesfesecena ene ible ons ere, “esate. ean Sater are rrerine oat one light behind, the ridge of the a roof being at B, in the annexed 5 Aare ey sketch, the stage should be of the eas ~ same form as the house, if there is = rly m astageat all. A frequent plannow is to have a raised pit in the mid- dle of the house, but I think it can- not show nearly so many plants as a stage. There should be a waik ___all round, and it is a question Whether there should be two or three Steps to the back part, as the piants might thus be brought nearer to the glass. As to heating, have any of your correspondents tried Dr. Arnott’s stove, and with what success? Dr. Arnott seems to think that it is well adapted for Horticultural buildings, it has the advantage of producing a steady heat at a very trifling expence, but my fear is, that it would create too dry an atmosphere for the plants. The hot-water system seems to haye superseded the old flue, and I should like to know what it would cost, and low the pipes might be best arranged for such a house as that which I am describing? My primary object is flowers, not conservatory plants so much as gera- niums. My gardener assures me that I may have some vines trained to the rafters, and pruned on the spurr method, without much injury to the flowers, I haye seen them so trained at Welbeck, with two bunches of grapes at each joint, they look very tempting, but what do your correspondents say to the effect upon flowers? If there are vines, what sort should they be? and should there not be the means of taking them out of the house in winter ? and what plan of construction do you recommend for this purpose? As to the roof, |] have made up my mind on two points, first that it should be of wood, as every one who has metal complains of its cracking the glass so much ; secondly, that the wood should all be steeped according to Kyan’s patent, of which, from experience I have avery high opinion, and which [ think can be no where of more use than in horticultural buildings, from the great exposure to the weather. As to glass there seems a great difference in price, according to the size of the pane, I have glazed a large pit with panes five inches by three, it looks exceedingly neat, and is strong, besides, this size avoids duty, but I do not know whether it would look well for a house of considerable size. 1 shall be glad if in this letter I have afforded any information, and shall be much obliged to you or any of your correspondents, if (taking these re- Vou. VII., No. 74. M 90 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. marks along with you,) you will tell me how to lay out £100 to the best advantage, describing the construction of the building, size of the rafters, mode of heating, an estimate, &c., &c. P. 8S. According to my plan there would be two sashes in the roof, one in front, and one behind which would be a fixture, Should there not be venti- lators in the back wall at D? A Country SuBSCRIBER. On Ink SUITED FoR WRITING WITH UPON Merattic Lasets.—I am anxi- ous to learn through the medium of the ‘ Cabinet,’ from which I derive much useful information, how the Metallic Labels advertised about a year ago in the ‘Cabinet’ are written upon, and if they require any particular kind of ink? | have used acommon kind of ink, and find the wAting easily oblite- rated with water. Feb. 27th, 1839. Y.iM. (A prepared ink is to be obtained very cheap with the labels, and may be applied by means of a pen, or a small camel’s hair coloring brush.—Conp.) On Broomine Brunsvicias, &c.—Having a few healthy bulbs of Bruns- vigia Josephinia, and B. falcata, &c., and not being able to bloom them to my satisfaction, | should feel obliged if some reader of the ‘Cabinet’ who is successful in flowering the tribe of plants, would give me in an early Num- ber the particulars of the mode of treatment pursued. An attention to this request will also benefit some of my friends, who have equally failed with Brunsvigias, Hamburgh, November 27th, 1838. G.G. Maya Futiertana.—Having been informed that Malva Fulleriana is a greenhouse plant, you would oblige me by informing me whether it is as you state, a hardy shrub, or a greenhouse plant, and the soil and best method of cultivating it. N.B. It is in Vol iv. page 264. February 4th, 1839. Aw Rigs ANSWER. ‘ On Destroying Ants.—Not having been lately so constant a reader of your very useful publication as I could wish, I have not observed whether any satisfactory answer has been given to a query concerning the destruction of ants, by Q. in your number for Juve last. If your correspondent has not yet found any remedy, I should recommend him to try what I have seen used with perfect success in the south of Europe, which is garlic chopped small, and laid across the ants usual track. They dislike this so much that it will completely drive them away, and the effect will last long after the smell has ceased to be at all perceptible. This though it will not destroy them, (which I imagine might be done by pouring boiling water into their nests, ) will prevent the annoyance which Q. complains of in his conservatory. Jan. 23rd, 1839. L. C. REMARKS. To Destroy Ants.—Having read complaints against ants, I am induced to send you the following:—Some time ago, a drawer, in which | kept some sugar, wes so much infested with ants, that we were obliged to remove the sugar from it. It happened from some cause or other, a small piece of cam- phor was laid in the drawer, and on opening it afew days afterwards, we were agreeably surprised to find the bottom literally covered with dead ants. This induced us to try the experiment, and from that time we have kept the MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, 91 sugar free from their depredations without any difficulty, by allowing a small piece of camphor to be in one corner of the drawer. Where trees upon walls, or plants are infested, [ shonld recommend small pieces of camphor to be thrown on the ground round their stems and in some cases to dissolve a little in alcohol, and sprinkle it over the leaves in a diluted state, with a com- mon syringe. Chelsea. James Hirst. Farry Rines—Fairy Rings are considered by J. M. F. Dovaston, Esq., to originate in electricity. ‘“ When a column of electric fluid affects the earth, either ascending or descending, it scorches the ground all round its edges, where there is plenty of oxygen in contact with it ; and leaves the centre un- scathed, where the oxygen is either expelled or destroyed ; so fertilizes the extremity. The consequence is that the first year’s grass is destroyed, an the ring appears bare and brown; but the second year, the grass re springs with highly increased vigour and verdure, toyether with the funyi, whose seeds are so brought into vegetation, that without this exciting cause might have slept inert for centuries,”’—Mag. Nat. Hist. — NEW OR RARE PLANTS. Correa Rosea. This pretty flowering hybrid kind, has been raised by Mr. Milner. It has a good deal the appearance of Correa speciosa, having a fine green and smooth foliage, void of the rusty brown of the latter-named species. The flowers are of a beautiful delicate rose colour, and have a pretty effect. The few plants that have been raised have been purchased at five guineas each. Being rather slow in propagation, it will be some lenyth of time before plants can be purchased cheap. It deserves a place in every green- house, where, blooming as it does, profusely, would produce an interesting contrast with the C. Milnerii, cordata, speciosa, pulchella, &c. The plant blooming nearly all the year, gives it an additional recommendation, STERENLIA AcERIFOLIA. A pretty flowering greenhouse plant, producing flowers of a dark crimson colour. It is inthe collection of Messrs, Rol- linson’s. Tromea. Unnamed species, having leaves of a Cordata form, and pro- duces fine clusters of flowers which are larger than I. rubro-ccerulea, and of equally splendid colours, it is in the collection at the Epsom Nursery, and merits a place in every hothouse. We also saw another interesting un- named species, which produces flowers of a light rose colour. Epacris Coperanpir. Mr. Kynoch, gardener to William Copeland, Esq., Layton, Essex, has been successtul in saving seed from Epacris impressa, and of raising the fine hybrid kind we now notice. The flowers are very similar in size to E, impressa, but are of a brilliant scarlet colour, producing a very fine effect. The plant is of a very free habit in growth, and blooms most profusely; it merits a place in every conservatory or greenhouse. Plants of it will soon be offered to the public. Itis propagating now at the Clapton nursery. Lacunea Patrersonit. A very fine flowered greenhouse plant from New Holland, producing flowers much resembling a fine Hibiscus. It merits a placsinevery greenhouse. We saw the plant at Messrs, Rollinson’s, Tooting. PaLemontum Putcnettum. A very pretty hardy herbaceous plant, well deserving a place in the flower border. The plant blooms very freely. The flower stems rise about six inches high, producing beautiful pink blossoms, haying an interesting appearance, 92 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, Versena PutcHerrima. Mr. Low of the Clapton Nursery, has received this kind during the last summer; we saw it in bloom there. The flowers are of a lilac purple, with a white centre; it is one of the erect growing kinds. ; AzaLea GLeDSTANANA, This variety may be said to be twin to A. Late- rita, only, producing its very different, but most beautiful white flowers ; it is grown at the Tooting Nursery, and to be had at one guinea per plant. Loetta Atpipa. A very interesting addition to our stove orchidea, and sent from Oaxaca to Mr, Bateman of Kynpersly. The plant has the graceful appearance of L. Autumnalis, but the flowers are very dissimilar, both in form and colour; in the present species each flower is about two inches across, white, with a bright yellow streak down the middle of the lip, and a few crimson spots at the base; they are also fragrant. It is an additional recommendation that it is of easy culture, and a very free bloomer. THE GARDENS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY OF LONDON, INNER CIRCLE, REGENT’S PARK. (Continued from page 70.) In our colonies the foundation of botanical gardens has been an object of government solicitude; nor has private enterprise been neglectful in pro- moting them in our own country. The two universities, Oxford and Cam- bridge, have botanical gardens; so also have Birmingham, Liverpool, Sheffield, Manchester, Leeds, Hull, Bury St. Edmunds, and Colchester; and they have been recently established at Cheltenham and Newcastle-vpon- Tyne. In Scotland there are gardens at Edinburgh and Glasgow. In Ireland, at Dublin, is one belonging to Trinity College, and the splendid establishment at Glasnevin, of the Dublin Society; there are others at Cork and Belfast. Having referred to the progress on the continent, and in our provinces, we shall in examining what has been done in the neighbourhood of the me- tropolis, find that there is sufficient encouragement to induce us to supply the deficiency. At Chelsea is a small garden of three acres, founded in the 47th century, and given in 1721, by Sir Hans Sloane, to the Apothecaries’ Company, and deyoted by them to the study of medicine, and of which they now contemplate the abandonment, if they can obtain a more suitable locality. Those at Kew have obtained considerable reputation, but are at too great a distance to be available to the great mass of the metropolitan population, while their system of management is far from being adequate to the requisites of a national institution. ‘ That the public mind is prepared to support a botanic garden is evident by the progress of botany in every department. The number of scientific societies and floricultural exhibitions are proofs in themselves of the ten- dency of popular taste, while a great devolopement is daily given to the culture of this science in the Zoological and public gardens, and cemeteries. As cultivators of the picturesque beautics of plants we stand in the highest position; and the English style in the decoration of gardens is that which is most prevalent on the continent, and most approved, while we stand in an eminent position with regard to the scientific study of botany by our authors and expeditions of discovery. . With such acknowledged advantages to be derived from the establish- ment of a botanic garden, and with such a tendency of public taste, it would 1 S208 ary OT ee foe ee pags ake CL pl duqi a | sea? F. " Z - . Pe = 4 , 2289S TON Aly ST seb a a: ey: @ ssbrad ¢ Braz thy : : ; eB%ere of; ! ats TE le Fee ne Reais ae jis. Ww _ shiks tet 2k > a0! 33> ; sport wR gundencs sau se seibawowms edarte are canny Fy 1] Stgio.{ . 7 ‘do eteeieod : Pee PROPIA ER PS Wee wily oa 5 ein wee byrs 2 sie 14h rg Uitte: ej lignaks tet ao a hp ee = tes ee Stok ss ; t teats = egerhlind MERA 3. VW ee ry F 4JR DE] Yoke “byte ; tes, Sa Oo Rs ee = lie. Ste isa y . ae aa 2998" 4g ahi na? ViSieeroera’> -. rien: t— 5 PS P waldo bia alah cirg MORES PSalatee YS Fer To 2 ¥9T ‘adi sot fenw doar thi shire MUST SMe bee” se: tsi retley of) We aeow he ata bp es sama 2 ee _* . 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This deficiency is now, however, to be supplied, and in such a manner as, it is to be hoped, will satisfy every votary of science. Although previous abortive attempts had been made to effect this object, the merit of it rests with several members of the Linnzan Society, whose saccess confers equal honour on the society by which it was promoted and on their enlightened exertions. On the suggestion of this undertaking, it was immediately sup- ported by many noblemen and gentlemen of every shade of politics, pro- moters of science, arts, and manufactures, and they concurred in the propriety of requesting the assistance of goyernment. The Inner Circle of the Regent’s Park being about to be vacated, they signed a memorial to her Majesty’s Commissioners of Woods and Forests, requesting them to appro- priate this site for such a laudable object. It confers the highest honour on this Administration, and on the members of her Majesty’s government, and is a high proof of their desire to encourage science, that they instantly acquiesced in the propriety of devoting the ground for these purposes to a public society, instead of making it the object of individual speculation. On this concession, a farther application was made for the patronage of Her Majesty and the Duchess of Kent ; and, it is needless to say, that it was given with a generosity worthy of the illustrious personages and of the great public object concerned, The names of the supporters of this society, are a strong guarantee of its proper management, and we are happy to say that their expressed in- tentions are a good augury of the success of the institution. Its scientific objects are intended to be carried on in a manner commensurate with the dignity of the country, while it devotes an express attention to the encour- agement of cultivation, arts, and manufactures. Public utility is the best guarantee of its success, and its promoters may feel assured, that keeping this object in view will always ensure its support. Even if a taste for such an institution did not exist, it is always the effect of well directed efforts to create it; and how far these may be successful, we see in the impulse which is given to mechanical science by the Royal Gallery of Science and the Polytechnic Institution, which are absolutely creations of the last ten years, within which period botanical studies have acquired a still greater impulse. The society will be constituted similarly to other scientific societies, and will be under the management of a president and council, composed of fel- lows and members. It will doubtless, be incorporated by Royal Charter, and its importance can hardly fail to obtain for it great infiuence ; while the man- ner in which it is regarded by the Linnzan Horticultural Medico, and other Botanical Societies, does honor to their enlightened liberality, and to the cause of science. The site chosen is the inner circle of Regent's Park, lately occupied as Jenkins’ nursery ground; its extent exceeds eighteen acres. That its po- sition is eligible is best proved by referring to the neighbouring grounds of the Zoological Society, while its size is fully competent for the purpose in- tended. Many eminent gardens contain only three acres, while few exceed twenty, and where they do they are employed either in the cultivation of medicinal plants for the hospitals, or in the growth of fruit for the market. Its appropriation will be no encroachment on public enjoyments, while if properly directed, it cannot fail to confer great advautage on the whole empire. The artistical details of the plan, asshewn in the accompanying drawing, are formed upon an observance of the most enlightened principles, and it has been the endeavour, in this department and in others, to make science and art equally conducive to the improvement of popular taste. This portion of the subject is deserving of particular attention, as it is by what is presented to the public eye that they will be induced to judge of the merits of the re- mainder. However interesting a mere planted surface might prove to the man of science, something more is requisite to the mere discursive yisitant, 94 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. and particularly to by far the greater proportion of its supporters, those who seek recreation rather than instruction. In fact, due attention to objects of taste is imperative in an institution that must derive its chief support from the ladies, who are certainly some of the most munificent patrons of this in- stitution. We are but too apt to depreciate the moral effect of the pleasures of sight, although, it must be averred, most unphilosophically; for if it be allowed generally that that organ produces the most powerful impressions on the mind by its representations, so the intuence exerted by it is susceptible of modifications according to the nature of the objects presented to it. If the parks and gardens be the lungs of the metropolis, their functions are but inadequately employed if they supply only pure air, without affording a means of exercise, for the sick man will die in the healthful shades of Montpelier or Madeira as easily asin the densest miasma; but the true means of se- curing the health of our population is by promoting the moral as well as the physical'influence of exercise. The more interesting the garden be made, the more will its moral capabilities be augmented, and the effect of a well ar- ranged establishment cannot fail to be of importance in restoring the tone of mind to the worn out senator, larguid beauty, or overworked citizen; for the mind requires its sustenance as well as the body, and there are as few maladies to be cured by abstinence from mental food, as there are for corporeal. Such an effect cannot fail to be accompanied with an appre- ciation of the scientific advantages, and the attractions of such an institu- tion might be made productive of the happiest results, in creating in the infant mind a taste for scientific pursuits. (TO BE CONTINUED.) ON RETARDING THE BLOOMING OF PLants.—Among the many improvements made inthe cultivation of flowers, the methods invented for retarding their flowering is one. It has been the opinion of many naturalists that the annual developement of flowers yields more real satisfaction than if all were ever- flowering; that their disappearance for a season enhances the value of their return. It is long since the method of procuring a late bloom of ranunculus, anemones, and roses has been practised. This was by late planting the tu- bers of the two former, and double pruning the flowering shoots of the latter. Double pruning is performed in antumn and again in April. With regard to rose trees yielding flowers naturally at different seasons of the year, if the pruning is attended to, a garden may never be destitute of roses, But there are other shrubs beside the rose-trees of which the flowering sea- son may he protracted, both the Laurustinus and Althea frutex may be so managed as to produce their flowers at unusual seasons, The first, instead of flowering in the very early spring, may be, by removal, made to flower in autumn ; the latter, by the same means may have their flowering postponed till that season. FLORICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR APRIL. Prant Stove.—Still support the requisite degree of heat by fires at night, as the plants will now begin to show their blossoms, which should be en- couraged as much as possible at this season. Fresh air, when the weather is favorable, is very necessary, and should always be admitted when required ; this will greatly assist their flowering, and cause the new shoots to be strong and healthy. This month is the most proper time to pot such plants as may require it, taking great care to use such compost as is congenial to them, and use plenty of drainage. Any that do not require shifting into larger pots may have the surface soil renewed with fresh compost, which will greatly invigorate them, and also add to their neatness. The same directions re- specting watering and cleanliness may be observed, as given last month. Still propagate all kinds of exotics by means of seeds, layers, cuttings, or MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 95 suckers, according to the nature of the different kinds; insert them in pots and plunge them in hot: beds, which will promote their vegetation and rooting quickly and certainly. Greennouse.—These plants will now require large admissions of air at all times when the weather is mild, for as most of them will now be shooting freely, they must not be kept too close. The plants must now be looked over to see when water is wanted, and let all the plants be properly supplied there- with, as this is now a very necessary article, particularly when they are in the house; be careful of the succulent kinds. Let no decayed leaves or shoots be allowed to remain, but let such be taken off as soon as perceived ; and all shoots that are of a weak straggling growth must be pruned more or less as appears necessary; let no weed, moss, or litter, be seen on the tops of the pots and tubs, and if any foulness be contracted on the plants, let it be in- stantly removed. In arch shrubby exotics of any particular kinds; sow seed in pots, placing them in a hot-bed; sow seeds of orange, lemon, &c. for stocks; also propagate by cuttings, layers or otherwise, and if placed in a bark bed in the pine stove or hot bed, they will be greatly facilitated in their rooting. Hersaceous Prrennrats, should now be divided and replanted; also biennials, as Sweet-williams, &c., should be planted for blooming this sea- son. Currtines,—If old plants of Salvias, Fuchsias, Petunias, Scarlet Gerani- ums, Verbenas, Heliotropes, &c., &c. were saved through winter, and young plants be required for turning ont into open beds in the flower garden, &c., young shoots should now be taken off close to their origin upon the old wood and struck in moist heat. Annuats,—Hardy kinds should be sown in the borders, &c. (See Vol I. p. 43 of the Cabinet, were particular directions are given.) Tender kinds should have plenty of air admitted to them, whether sown in pots or upon a slight hot-bed. (See Vol. I. page 42, of the Cabinet.) In order to have the plants of some particular kinds stiff and healthy, they should be planted off into small pots, boxes, or the open border, or slight hot-bed, &c., so as to be fine plants for final planting in May. Many kinds of tender annuals intended to ornament the greenhouse or stove through summer, will require potting off, or if done before this month, probably repotted into larger pots. Auricutas—will bloom this month; they will require protection from wet and mid-day sun. The plants will require a free snpply of water; if manure water be occasionally given, it will improve the size of the flowers; care should be taken not to apply it over the plant. When the trusses of flowers are formed, if there are more flowers upon each than can conveniently expand, the small and centre ones should be cut out, so as to leave about six. CAMPANULA PyRAMIDALIS,—Ofisets or cuttings should now be taken off and be treated as directed in Vol. I. p. 48. Carnartions,—If not planted off last month, should now be done. (See Vol. I. p. 23.) Dancias.—Seedling plants should be potted off, one plant into a small or sixty-sized pot. Shoots and cuttings of old roots should be taken off where it is desired to increase the kind, and strike them in moist heat. Curina Rose.—Plants of the tender kinds, as yellow, sweet scented, &c., should now be placed in heat, in order to cause a production of shoots for striking, so as to increase the kinds when desired. (See Vol. I. p. 48.) Cuina Ross (hardy kinds),—It is now the proper time to bud the varieties of China Roses, do it as soon as the bark will freely rise. Triveranta Coccinea.—Roots of this plant should now be potted. (See Vol. I. p. 177 ond 223; articles on the culture, &c., are there given.) PeLarconiums.—Cuttings now struck will produce plants to bloom at the end of summer. (See Vol, I. p. 88.) 96 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, Pansies —Plants will now be pushing shoots that will be emitting roots, Where it is wished to increase the kinds, it is a very suitable time for doing it, by taking off shoots and planting them in a good rich soil, shading them for a few days at first. PotyantHuses.—(See Vol. I. p. 23 and 132.) Tierip1A PAvonra.—The bulbs should now be planted in the open bed; choose a warm and sheltered situation, Ericas, (Heaths.)—Cuttings of many of the greenhouse kinds should now be put off. (See Vol. I. p. 48.) MienionettTE—To bloom from June should now be sown. Rose Trees.—When it is desired to have Roses late in the season, let them be pruned this month. (See article in Vol. I. p's. 23 and 206.) SeL_r sown AnnuALS—which have stood the winter should he thinned, and where desirable some may be successfully transplanted. REFERENCE TO PLATE, Ety’s Dr. Horner Picotree.—This very superior flower we gave in the number for March, and by an oversight of our Printer the remarks upon it were omitted till too late for that number, we however now state that this unrivalled and noble flower was raised by Mr. Ely, the celebrated car- nation grower, of Rothwell Haigh, near Leeds. Jt was sent out by him last year, in a limited number, at 7s. 6d. per pair, (its present price,) and has been the wonder and admiration of all who have seen it. Its peculiar excel- lence consists in its extraordinary size, its bold broad well rounded petal of remarkably strong fleshy substance, which causes the flower to remain an unwanted time in bloom; the ground colour is a pure brilliant white, free from specks or stains; the edging is of the richest purple, clear, distinct, and free from all tendency to striping; the flower is high and well crowned, and filled in the centre with its fine imbricating petals, It is altogether infinitely superior to every other picottee in cultivation, and must be in all yaluable collections. : This ower is named in honor of Dr. Horner, an esteemed and talented physician, at Hull, who has greatly favored the promotion of horticultural pursuits. (We understand Mr. Ely has now an abundant stock of it.) Hovea Mancrestt.—Captain Mangles's Hovea; all the species of Hovea are very handsome greenhouse shrubs, and the accessions which we have re- ceived to them through the hands of Captain Mangles, are highly valuable. The present species is not so striking as some other kinds, yet, it is very pretty and interesting. It thrives well with the treatment usually given to the rest of the species, that is, to pot them in sandy peat, as free from fibres as possible, taking care to put plenty of drainage, and always avoiding over shifting ; water must at all times be given with careful judgment, especially during winter, Puivisertia Granpircora, large flowered Philibertia—A very pretty plant for ornamenting the trellis or rafters of a greenhouse, growing rapidly and blooming very freely. It requires to be grown in a soil composed of fresh loam and leaf mould, with efficient drainage. We have propagated it from cuttings planted in sand, and placed in a hot-bed, we have a stock of plants for sale. Puarsitis Diverstrorta, three lobed large Convolvulus.—A very orna- mental and showy half hardy annual, and was introduced from Mexico by G. Dickson, Esq. It is a very beautiful flowering plant most suitable for training up stakes, fancy wire frames, fencing, verandas, &c., it grows freely and blooms profusely. The flower has somewhat the appearance of the Convolvulus major, but is rather less; the plaits on the corrolla are very strikingly distinct. It deserves a place in every flower garden, or for orna- menting a greenhouse or conservatory during summer. eH, Ps THE FLORICULTURAL CABINET, MAY, Ist, 1839. PART I, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ARTICLE I, OBSERVATIONS MADE ON THE EFFECTS OF SITUATION AND EX- PO3URE ON DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS, DURING THE SE- VERE WINTERS OF 1837-8. BY CLERICUS, Asby far the greater number of plants cultivatedin this country are exotics, we find they are variously affected by the changeabilé weather of ‘our climate, as well as by the attending circumsi Ss of. the situations they are destined to occupy. Our knowledge; acquired by experience, of the constitution of foreign plants, has supplied us with rules for our guidance in the distribution of them. If we happén'to be acquainted with the native habitat of a plant; we can judge pretty accurately what place it is most likely to thrive in with us. Tropical plants, for instance, we place in the stove, or conservatory ; Australian, South African, Chinese, and South European, in the greenhouse; and those from the north- ern parts of Asia, Europe, and America, any where in the open air where we may have occasion for them, or which we may think best adapted for them. This is a very natural way of pro- ceeding; but we are not always right in its application; some tropical plants are killed by placing and keeping them in the stove; because it is notso much the latitude whence they have ~ been brought, as it is the eleWation of their habitat aboye the Vou, VII, No, 74, oN — ua - Ty a a iat 4 a “ i 98 ON THE EXPOSURE OF PLANTS. level of the sea which determines their hardiness. Many plants are debilitated by confinement in the greenhouse, and very many extra-tropical plants are lost from being placed in what is con- sidered the warmest or most sheltered situation. These errors are occasioned either by a want of experience respecting the constitution of the plant, or from inattention to the extreme change of temperature to which it is exposed in its new place, or from ignorance that situation and exposure change the constitution of plants to such a degree that, while one is per- fectly hardy if nursed on a northern aspect, another of the same kind shall be so tender and vulnerable on a southern exposure, that it dies, or is cut down to the ground, under the slightest frost. Want of experience concerning the constitution of a newly im- ported plant may be said to be an excusable want of judgement ; because we have no means of knowing without experience, there being no general rule to guide. If, indeed, we are told that it is an annual from a warm country, we may safely conclude that it will succeed in this climate durmg summer, as many tropical annuals do. Or, if it be a perennial herb from the same country, we may find it answer with usif it be only protected from frost. But if tropical shrubs or trees are brought to us, we cannot, from any external mark, judge whether they are liable to be killed by frost ornot. If they shed their leaves in winter, it is only a sign ee are winter-resting plants, not that they are hardy ; because tis: e several tropical plants which are deciduous, as for in- stance, the silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba); and many evergreens are as hardy as those that shed their leaves. We often fail in preserving tender plants from inattention to lo- cal circumstances. We are liable to mistake shelter for warmth. Frost and the north and east winds are most dreaded in this coun- try. Asouthern exposure, whether for the abode of animals, or a station for vegetables, is always considered the most eli- gible, merely, perhaps, because it is the most agreeable to our own perceptions. But in respect of vegetables we often err in this matter, both in choosing sheltered situations and southern exposures, Cold (orrather cold air) is always most intense in humid situations. because there is the most copious evaporation. Such situations, in this country, are either on the tops of clayey hills, or in the lowest valleys, where there is either a lake, river, or brook, ° ON THE EXPOSURE OF PLANTS. 99 These low grounds are nearer the main springs, and often abound with them, whence exhalations are ever rising, though imper- ceptible ; ofcourse such a valley must always be more chilly, and more subject to keen frost than any drier or more elevated si- tuations. Such glens, provided they are open to the south, are chosen as the most suitable for tender exotics, merely because they are more sheltered from the northern blast. In the summer indeed, such a locality is most favourable to the quick and strong growth of every plant. The air, being generally calm and moist, conduces to vigorous expansion ; and the very coolness of a sum- mer’s day or night, as felt in such places, is most propitious to luxuriant vegetation. These circumstances, however, instead of being beneficial to tender exotics, have a directly cfuthans ef- fect ; the summer excitement only renders them less able to bear the frosts, which fall upon them with redoubled intensity in winter. And instead of the slow and sturdy growth which would have hap- pened to a plant on a dry and breezy hill, or on a northern as- pect, we have an enfeebled nursling, unfit to bear the rigours of our climate from sheer mismanagement, Many proofs of the truth of these statements may be adduced, but we presume they are unnecessary, as the facts must have been: repeatedly observed by our readers in general. The fact, how- ever, is most important, not altogether for the sake of naturalising exotic plants, but for fixing the sites for gardens and orchards, which, if misplaced at first, give cause ever after for regret. Not only dq the exhalations from a moist valley generate cold. but the cold air which descends upon the hills after sunset is said o “ slide down” and settle in the lowest place, So firmly is this believed, and acted on by a well-known horticultural phi- losopher, John Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, near Worcester, that in all cases where a garden is made on ground slopingto the south, that gentleman invariably advises the lowest boundary to be a hedge; or if a wall, it be raised on grated arches high enough to allow the eseape of the cold fleece of air accumulated within the garden, Onthe same principle, whateyer may be the aspect, the upper boundary wall should be high and close, to intercept the descending current and divert it round the ends. From these circumstances, then, it is fair to conclude that low situations should never be chosen for garden sites, or as the best places for tender exotics, 100 ON THE EXPOSURE OF PLANTS. “There is another circumstance not yet adverted to which ope- rates injuriously on tender plants in sunny and sheltered valleys, There, they are sooner affected by the returning warmth and so- lar beams of spring, and hurried into a premature growth long before frosts are over, or the summer temperature confirmed. They are awake-and putting forth their tender leaves and shoots before the exposed residents of the hill are in the least acted on. The firsthave their sap liquefied and in motion; that of the se- cond is clammy and at rest ; the first suffer heeiase they have to sustain four degrees of frost perhaps, when least prepared for it, while the second have only to bear two degrees, and are other- wise fortified against it. - The native plants of the frosty regions of Siberia suffer greatly from late frosts when introduced into British gardens, not from the severity of our seasons compared with that of their own, but entirely from the changeableness of the former. In Siberia the winter sets in at once, and the surface of the ground is soon co- vered with snow; every vegetable becomes instantly torpid, and. in this state remains in perfect safety till the return of spring, or rather summer, as there is scarcely any spring season in that northern clime,—no intermission of mildnessto excite, and frosts to destroy the tender plants, as is so often experienced in this country. The changeableness of our spring weather is, in fact, the great-' est bar toour possessing very many plants, which, to have at alk must be guarded in some kind of building erected for the pur- pose. Our want of success in attempting to naturalise some exo- tics shrubs and trees, however, may have happened not so much from the constitutional delicacy ofthe plants themselves, as to the injudicious manner, perhaps in which the trial has been made. Exposed situations on the north side of a hill, and on poor and dry, rather than on rich and moist soil, is certainly the most eli- gible station for making a trial of the constitution of a foreign plant. Here it would not be excited into too early growth by the early sun of the day or of the season, nor would the aspect induce precocious growth. Its growth would be slower but its shoots would be firmer in texture and consequently better able to resist the destructive effects of frozen sap. a I cannot conclude these observations without first alluding to the ideas entertained about the acclimatation of exotic plants. Thenotion is founded on the supposition that, as animals have a ON THE EXPOSURE OF PLANTs, 101° tendency to accomodate themselves to foreign climates, or to the changes of temperature of their own native place, so plants may in like manner be susceptible of physical changes which would enable them to bear great diversity of climatal temperature ; but, from all experience on this point it appears, from many tropical annuals long cultivated in Britain, that they have not perceptibly advanced in hardihood since the first day of their introduction. Such are the runner kidney-bean (which, by the bye, is a peren- nial); the potato and cucumber among culinary vegetables; the China aster and balsam among flowers, and the melon among fruits. All these have been perpetuated by seeds that have been produced, ever since their first introduction into this country, but without gaining any additional protective habit against frost. We may, therefore, conclude that plants generally have been formed: for the climates to which they are indigenous, and have not that mutability of structure or of sap which would render them invul- nerable to frost ina colder country, or to the incessant excite- ment of a warmer one without deterioration. That many plants are now seen in the open air which were for- merly in the greenhouse, or even in the stove is well known ; but this has not happened in consequence of any change in the con- stitution of those plants, but merely from being misplaced on their first introduction for want of experience: —Aucuba J aponica, one of our hardiest shrubs, was once under my care in the warm- est end of aconservatory ! ' The effect of frost on tender vegetable bodies is mitigated by thawing it off with water before the sun shines upon them. This seems to contradict what has been before stated, as to dryness being a safeguard to plants. But the cases are different ; perfect dryness isa security against frost, but when plants are loaded with frozen dew, and this allowed to be dissolved by the sun, a much more intense degree of cold is generated during the so. lution of the icy particles by the sun, than if they were suddenly dissolved by water. It is this increased degree of cold which ruptures the delicate vessels of the plants, and of course destroys them. Sometimes we see the stem of a tender shrub, as a heath, for instance, rent into many pieces, whilst the youngest shoots re- main unhurt. This is owing to the rigidity of the first, and the elastic texture of the second; the latter yields to the distending effects of the concealed sap, and afterwards returns to a healthy 102. ON THE CULTURE OF CACTUS. state; but the unyielding character of the old wood only renders it more destructable, ‘The foliage of the grasses indigenous te cold countries is only withered by frost, but seldom destroyed; owing to the tenacity and elasticity of its structure. CLERICUS. ARTICLE II. ON THE CULTURE OF THE STOVE SPECIES OF CACTUS. .- BY MR. RICHARD BEALY, BLACKBURN. Aut the stove species of Cactz may be treated as follows witht great success. Pot them in loam peat; or sandy loam, mixed with a small por? tion of lime rubbish, say about a fourth part. Always let the pots in which they are planted be as small as the plants will allow; large pots are injurious, because the roots are prevented from reaching the sides for a long time, and the body of the soil is liable to retain too much moisture every time the plant is watered. Always give a good drainage, by laying in each pot a good portion of broken potsherds, as the least stagnation is always in- jurious, sometimes fatal; therefore, never allow water to stand in the pans or feeders, in which the pots are sometimes placed. Water very seldom, not more than twice a week; wheri they are flowering, and not so often at other times; give very little ata time, not more than will just moisten the soil all over, particu- larly if the weather is not fine and sunny: About the middle of June; turn them out of doors into a situa- tion where they will not be exposed to wind, but perfectly open to the rays of the mid-day sun. Place them ona board or floor of any kind, to prevent the worms from effecting an entrance through the bottom of the pots. This system of exposing them in summer, gives them a check which seldom fails to produce a good bloom: Whilst out of doors they must not be allowed to receive the heavy dashing rains, or they will suffer,’ perhaps die in conse- quence ; either a boarded roof, or other shelter must be provid ed for them on such oecasions. Also, if the pots stand on a floor bf slates or flag stones, they should be plunged in a little moss;. ON THE CULTURE OF EPACRIS. 103 as the sun, by heating the pots, sometimes burn the roots of the plants. In September, take the plants into the greenhouse, and place them in a situation where they will receive plenty of light and air in winter. Early in the spring, remove them inte the stove in succession as they are wanted to flower. Most of the species will flower very fine without being placed out of doors at all ; but by placing them out as above, the flowers will be much finer and more abundant than when grown regular- ly in the house; they may be increased by cuttings, seeds, and grafting. Take off the cuttings at the length requited, and lay them ona shelf in the greenhouse, &c. to dry up the wound made by the knife. Let them remain on the shelf till they begin to have a shrivelled appearance, say a week or a fortnight, then pot them in small pots in the same compost as recommended for old plants, set them ona shelf as near the glass as convenient, and be parti- cularly cautious not to over-water them. Sow the seed in a wet state, immediately after being gathered from the plant, and rubbed out of the husk. For this purpose, fill a pot with a mixture of equal parts of peat, earth and sand, cover it lightly, and plunge the pots into a hotbed, if the seed be good, it will make its appearance a month afterwards. The operation of grafting is very simple, merely requiring an incision to be made, and fitting in it a fresh cutting of another kind, rubbing a little clay over the wound to keep out the air. ARTICLE III. ON THE CULTURE OF EPACRIS'S, BY A FOREMAN OF A LONDON NURSERY. Aut the species of Epacris are natives in the neighbourhood of New South Wales, and are very handsome shrubby greenhouse plants. Their culture is very simple and easy; the E. micro- phylla, and exserta, require to be potted in equal parts of light sandy loam and peat, but all the rest thrive best in sandy peat alone. They nearly all come in flower about the end of March ‘er the beginning of April, and continue blooming until June or 104 ON THE CULTURE OF EPACRIS. © July, although the present subject flowers most of the winter, as well as spring andsummer. In June they must be turned out of doors with the other greenhouse plants, but previous to which, it will be necessary to pot them, in most cases shifting them into larger pots ; this is indispensable, as their roots are so fine a tex~- ture, that ifthe pots be placed out of doors, and consequently exposed to the alternations of heat and cold more than when in the house, the roots against the sides of the pots will receive material injury, the plants will become brown, and in most cases die; this we have seen in very many instances. _ The best way of propagating them is by cuttings, which should be put in early in the spring; they will strike if put in at other times of the year, but not so freely. Take off the extreme ends about one inch or an inch and an half long, and plant them in pots of sand, cover them with bell glasses, and give them similar treatment to Erica cuttings. When they have struck root, pot them into small pots in a frame where there is a little heat; and when they have again begun to grow, remove them into a warm part of the greenhouse, and then treat them in the same way as the old plants. The whole of the order Epacridez, consist- ing of eighteen genera, all being natives of the same country, re- quire the same general mode of culture, which may be stated as follows:— With the exception of Epacris microphylla and exserta, Sty- phelia longifolia, the whole genera of Lysinema, Poncletia, and Leucopogon, let every species be potted in sandy peat soil. The above exceptions must always have an addition of sandy. loam mixed with the peat in which they are potted, but in every other respect itmust be treated like other species. Good drainage in every case must be attended to, for any de- ficiency here will seriously injure if not totally destroy the plants. Never sift the soil in which the plants are potted, but chop and break it well, although in some cases this is scarcely necessary, when the turfy parts are well rotted. Never allow the soil to become hard and dry particularly amongst those species potted in sandy peat alone ; because, from the delicacy of the fibres cf the roots, this cannot ke the case without the plants being materially damaged, if not destroyed. Always pot the plants immediately before they are turned out of doors in summer; for if this be not done, the action of the sun ON GREEN Moss. 105 afd air upon the sides of the pot, if the roots are matted, will dry the roots, and the plants will become sickly and die. In potting, never cut off the matted roots with a knife, but merely pull them with the fingers without damaging the ball more than is necessary. Always let the plants stand in an airy part of the greenhouse, and never crowd them among other plants, or they will not pros- per. In propagating, select half-ripened wood for cutting, plant them in sand, cover them with a bell-glass, and place them in a shady part of the greenhouse, or ina frame. In both situations they must be shaded from the sun, until they have struck root, ARTICLE IV. ON THE GREEN MOSS ON ROSE TREES, AND OTHER SHRUBBY PLANTS. BY A PRACTICAL GARDENER; Many readers of the Cabinet must have observed in their walks through a shrubbery, the unsightly appearance of the stems and trunks of rose bushes and larger shrubs, being entirely destitute of bark. Is it a natural disease incident to old trees? Iam in- clined to thing that this is not the case, for I have seen compara- tively young trees, covered as much as the old ones. It will be observed that trees on rocks, on walls, on soil, and in fact, on every thing that is exposed to the action of the atmosphere ina fixed state, a green covering, which, when minutely examined, appear like a green powder, and if allowed to remain, would form into patches of moss. This seems to be the most minute of the vegetable creation, and I believe the very foundation of it, and but for the industry of man, this would be the clothing that Na- ture would assume in this moist climate. The particles of this green powder must be exceedingly minute, as it remains invisible until great masses are collected together. Now it is obvious where this adheres to atree, it must close up its pores, and thereby prevent the vessels from being acted upon by the external air, I likewise think it receives nourishment by exhausting the sap in the bark, which will first begin to crack, and afterwards die and fall off. I am the more induced to form this opinion, by 106 ON THE IXIA AND GLADIOLT, having seen an experiment tried to destroy it: this was dorie by using the common solution of soft soap and sulphur-vivum mixed with boiling lime-water, till it became of the consistence of paint. This, when cold, was applied with a paint brush to part off the cbidies of a young tree that were covered with this green mould yet the bark was free from ¢tacks. The bark of the part thus dressed became in a short time clear, and entirely free, whilst the remainder of the tree was still clothed with fits green garb. I would recommend all gardeners, who have trees or shrubs in this condition, to give them a dressing once or twice in the win- ter season, and I doubt not that it will answer their highest ex- pectations A sprinkling of quick lime in a powdered state over the affected parts, after a shower of rain or strong dew, I have found to be equally useful wherever it touched. ARTICLE V. ON THE CULTURE OF IXIA AND GLADIOLT. BY MR. RUTGER, ¥xExine dissatisfied with what I had seen of the flowering of these bulbs, in the nurseries round London, as well as with those under my own care, I resolved to try the effect ofa different soil from that generally recommended, and not cramming so mahy of them together ina pot as is usually done, The soil used was one-half rich loam, with one-fourth rotten dung, and one- fourth leaf-mould, both well decomposed and mixed up together with the loam. The pots were well drained, and a layer of the siftings of the dung and leaf-mould was put over the drainings. Of the smaller sorts of bulbs, I put only two or three in a forty- eight sized pot; of the larger only one ina potof the same size ; and of the largest only one in a thirty-two sized pot. During their growth ; and particularly when near flowering, the bulbs were liberally supplied with water. Under this mode of treatment, my desires were fully realized, and my bulbs produced fine flowers, far superior to any others that I have ever seen grownin pots. J. RurGEr. ON CHINESE GARDENS. 107 ARTICLE VI. ON CHINESE GARDENS. (Continued from page 88.) Warsz projections produce variety, by altering the apparent figure of the open space from every point of view; and by con- stantly hiding parts of it, they create a mystery, which excites the traveller’s curiosity; they likewise occasion, in many places, a great depth in the thicket, which affords opportunities of making recesses for buildings, seats, and other objects, as well as for bold windings of the principal walks, and for several smaller paths to branch off from the principal ones ; all which take off the idea of a boundary, and furnish amusement to the passenger in his course; and as it is not easy to pursue all the turns of the different lateral paths, there is still something left to desire; and a field for the imagination to work upon. In their crooked walks, they carefully avoid all sudden or unna- tural windings, particularly the regular serpentine curves, of which our English gardeners are so fond ; observing, that these eter- nal, uniform, undulating lines, are, of all things, the most unnatu- ral, the most affected; and most tiresome to pursue. Having na- ture in view, they seldom turn their walks, without some appa- rent excuse ; either to avoid impediments, naturally existing, or raised by art, to improve the scenery. A mountain, a precipice, a deep valley, a marsh, a piece of rugged ground, a building, or some old venerable plant, afford a striking reason for turning aside, andifa river, the sea, a wide extended lake, or a terrace com- manding rich prospects, present themselves, they held it judi- cious to follow them inall their windings; so to protract the enjoyments which these noble objects procure: but on a plain, either open, or formed into groves and thickets, where no impe- diments oblige, nor no curiosity invites to follow a winding path, they think it very absurd; saying that the road must either have been made by art, or be worn by the constant passage of travellers: in either of which cases, it cannot be supposed that men would go by a crooked line, where they could arrive by a straight one. In general, they are very sparing of their twists, which are al- ways easy, and so managed, that never more than one curve is perceptible at the same time. They likewise take care to avoid an exact parallelism in these 108 ON CHINESE GARDENS, walks, both with regard to the trees which border them, and the ground of which they are composed. The usual width given to the walk, is from eight to twenty, or even thirty feet, according to the extent of the plantation ; but the trees, on each side, are, in many places, more distant ; large spaces being left open, which are covered with grass and wild flowers, or with fern, broom,. briars, and underwood. The ground of the walk is either of turf or gravel; neither of them finishing exactly at its edges, but running some way into the thickets, groves or shrubberies, on each side, in order to imitate nature more closely ; and to take off that disagreeable formality and stiffness, which a contrary practice occasionsin our Euro- pean plantations. In their straight roads or walks, when the extent is vast, the Chinese artists observe an exact order and symmetry ; saying that in stupendous ‘works, the appearance of art is by no means dis- gusting, that it conveys to posterity instances of the grandeur of their ancestors; and gives birth to many sublime and pleasing refiections. The imperial roads are astonishing works of this nature, they are composed of triple avenues, adorned with four rows of enormous trees; generally Indian chesnuts, spruce firs, mountain cedars, and others of the largest growth, planted at proper dis- tances ; and extending in straight lines, and almost on a level, two three,even four hundred miles. The centre avenues are from one hundred and fifty, to two hundred feet wide; and the lateral ones, are generally from forty to fifty feet; the spreading branches of the trees forming over thema natural umbrella, under which the travellers pass, at all times of the day, unmolested by the sun. In some places these roads are carried by lofty vaulted pas- sages, through the rocks and mountains ; in others, upon cause- ways and bridges, over lakes, torrents, and arms of the sea ; and in others, they are supported, between the precipices, upon chains of iron, or upon pillars, and many tire of arcades, over vil- lages, pagodas, and cities: in short, no difficulty has been attend- ed to in their construction; but every obstacle has been con- quered with amazing industry, and at an almost incredible ex- pence. (To be continued.) oe REVIEW. 109 REVIEW. The Boquet, or Ladies’ Flower Garden, being a Description of those plants which will ftower in the Room, and the Treatment most suitable for them.—By a Florist, Simpkin & Co. 12mo. pp- 102. In the preface the author states his object in the following remarks : “ Tt has been often a matter of great surprise to me that amongst all the various books that have been written upon Botany, and the cultivation of plants, none should ever have been written upon the treatment plants require when placed in a London sitting- room. I have, therefore, taken upon myself a task:of this kind, in hopes that, when it has been perused, it will be te means of pre- serving many plants, and also of keeping that healthy and beau- tiful appearance upon them, which can only be done by proper treatment. ** It was my intention at first to have placed all those plants that require the same treatment together, and so to have made one description answer for each head or section; but this I found would be impracticable, as almost every two or three plants would require to be placed under a different head, and would consequently cause great confusion in the arrangement of them. *““ T have, therefore, made a selection of the most approved flowers, for the various months of the year, and so given a de- scription of each plant individually.” It appears that the author has in the title given, limited a La- dy’s Flower Garden, to a dwelling room, this is certainly too con- tracted. The fine collection of plants in the conservatory and greenhouse, as also their well kept flower gardens, and beds in the open air, give sufficient evidence, The remarks on the plants included in the work, will be found somewhat useful, but will admit of considerable additions to ren- der it what is desirable. In another edition we hope this will be attended to, ‘The following is a specimen of the work : “Fersruary. Jose. This may justly be classed as the most beautiful dower that nature has given us, having that which is rarely met with in other plants, beauty and a fine perfume com- bined together. There are several varieties of this lovely flower, which can be procured at this early season, and which are forced in hothouses with very great heat, so that when taken into the room, they require very great attention. In purchasing forced roses, one of the principal objects to have in view is the healthi- ness of the plant, which may be easily told by the leaf being 110 REVIEW. very smooth and expanded, and of a fine green. The beauty of the rose, depends a great deal upon the form of its flower when open, which in forced roses is often very bad; therefore it should be particularly noticed if the bud is of an oval form, and not to care for a great profusion of flowers, as they are sure not all of them to open their bloom, whereas, when they are but few, they generally all expand, making large and handsome flowers ; but when the bud is short and flat, and being indented on the side, it will be perceived that one half of the bud opens before the other, and consequently spoils the beauty of the flower. The above brief description will be found equally applicable to all roses, whether forced or not. “* Having given a few remarks upon the choosing of the rose, I think I may now safely venture to describe the treatment that is most suited to it after itis removed from the hothouse and brought into the room; therefore the first point is, to find the situation which it is likely to thrive best in, which ought to be where there is plenty of light, and at the same time not much affected by the fire; consequently, that part of the room which is farthest from the fire, and nearest the light or window, is best suited to it: if there is a saucer placed beneath the plant, as is frequently the case for convenience, water should at no time be allowed to re- main in it, as nothing is more detrimental to this plant than stale water; although there are several varieties of plants which are very much benefitted by standing in water; hence it is that the want of sufficient knowledge of those which ought and ought not to be treated in this manner, has occasioned so many failures among plants when taken into the room; but as | treat of the va- rious plavts, I shall describe those that are benefitted by this mode of treatment. “The rose should be slightly watered once a day at this season of the year, and that upon the surface of the mould, not putting any in the saucer, and so long as it remains wet, then the plant will require no water; but when it becomes dry, then a fresh sup- ply may with safety be given. The forced rose is one of those plants very much subjected to a small green fly, which fixes it- self beneath the leaf and upon the bud, and it isa great object even with nurserymen to destroy them, which is partially done by means of tobacco smoke; but I think where there are only a few plants, the best and most certain way of keeping them from the plants, is to wash the leaves and bud with a feather or soft hair brush, dipped in a solution of soft soap and tobacco water, as the soft soap being of an adhesive nature, it remains upon the plants for some time, keeping with it the properties of the to- bacco ; this being carefully applied once, it is rarely the insects return again during thetime it is flowering: this method will be equally applicable to all plants which are subject to this species of insect. ' “The following are the names of a few roses, which may be had at this early time of the year: Provin’s Rose, Moss ditto, REVIEW. lll Spong’s ditto, Rose de Meaux, and Fairy Rose. The Rose de Meaux and Spong’s Rose, are the two best for flowering in the room; but the two former species are much the finest, the flow- ers being nearly three times the size of the latter. The Fairy Rose, as it is called by the gardeners, is quite a different rose from that which has generally borne that name. It being a very double flower, and much larger than the variety of Fairy Rose, the treatment of this beautiful little plant is not near so trouble- some as other roses, nor is it so liable to insects. It should re- ceive a very little water each day, and when the roses fall off the flower-stalk, is cut off by which means much more strength is gi- ven to the succeeding bloom. About this time the common Blush China or monthly Rose, commences to flower, and, with proper care, continues blooming for ‘many months; it is also liable to insects, but may be easily cured of them by the means already described. Its other treatment is much the same as the Fairy Rose, cutting off the dead flower and giving it more water as the season advances; when about the month of April, it may be placed outside of the window during the day, and very often the night also. : “* Rhodora Cadanensis,—This is one of those plants which flower before it makes any appearance of leaf, for which it generally makes up in abundance and showiness of its bloom, being of a rosy lilac colour, and flowering in small bunches on the extremity of the branches. It is very beautiful in bouquets, for which pur- pose itis very much cultivated by gardeners. It will either stand ina cold room, or one where there is a fire, and should be very slightly watered each day. “The Pink is nearly one of the worst plants for forcing early, as it is so often that nearly the whole of the buds turn blind, and never open, especially when taken into the room; consequently it requires an accurate knowledge of the habit of this plant to be able to choose those which are likely to bloom. The method which I have always found the most certain, and which I recom- mend to my readers, is by slightly pressing the bud between the fingers. When they feel full and hard, they may safely be de- pended upon, for when the petals of the bloom are fully formed, they are sure to open well. But should the buds close between the fingers and appear to be empty, then there is no chance what- ever of its flowering, not even in the hothouse of the nursery- man himself; and again, they ought not to be chosen very back- ward, even if they should feel full and hard, for when very back- ward, they require twice the care and attention, and at the same time do not flower any the finer for it, consequently I should re- commend choosing those which have the most buds about to open, as they last as long as the most backward. In its treatment care should be given to the watering of it, as a surplus of water will destroy the forthcoming bloom sooner than anything else, so that if there is a saucer beneath the plant, water should not be allowed to remain in it longer than two or three hours after it has 112 REVIEW, been watered, which ought to have been done every day, if the plant is in good health, and placed near the light, where it will not be exposed to a cold draught of air, which is very injurious to it. There are few flowers that deserve to be more cultivated, either at this or any other time of the year, on account of its very fine scent, that is surpassed by hardly any other flower. Those most held in esteem for forcing early —Shailer’s Early White, Moss’s Blush, and the Anne Boleyn Pink. The latter is quit different from the other pinks, both in its growth and flower, generally attaining the height of two and three feet, and having a very large flower, which is very sweet: it is much later in its flowering than the two former, and thrives better than any other when taken into the room. “ Azalea indica alba.—The beautiful species of this tribe seem formed to relieve the dullness of the winter months both, by their various colours and by the beautiful scent of the flowers. The species I am now describing generally blooms with two or three flowers together, of a clear white, with long stamens which pro- ject out of the flower; it is particularly desirous for the town, as it is one of those plants which retains its bloom for a long time, and likewise flourishes very well in the room; the flower of this species of Azalea is extremely liable to be bruised from its deli- cateness, and should therefore be kept from any draught of air; it should be watered once a day, and never be permitted to get quite dry, for when the flowers once droop from this cause, it is rarely that they rise again Azalea indica phenicea:—This dif- fers from the other variety, as having a much greener and better leaf, and the flower of a very dark lilac or purple; generally it ‘does not flower very freely until it gets to a large size ; its treat- ment is the same as the other. Azalea indica Smithii :—This species is very showy, and flowers very abundantly, as well upon small plants as large, having a bright red flower ; it flowers much later in the season than the former varieties, as it is not generally much forced. “‘Camellia.—This beautiful tribe of plants has been more trouble to make bloom, in town, than perhaps almost any other; 1 shall, therefore, be more particular in describing the treatment, and point out many objections, that have hitherto been to the culture of this desirable plant. From its repeated failures, it is often thought that it isa plant that will not ftower in town : but this is quite erroneous, as with proper attention, it may be flowered as well as most other plants ; and being of a fine leaf, ndependent of flower, it is parti- cularly worthy of a little more trouble than ordinary plants. Now the great cause of complaint against it, is, that when it is covered with bud, and every expectation raised of seeing some beautiful flowers spring from them, they gradually commence falling offas the season of its blooming approaches, so that there is scarcely a single bud left upon the plant at that time when they ought to be expanding themselves into flower. ‘ (To he Continued) e) oe MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 113 THE GARDENS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY OF LONDON, : INNER CIRCLE, REGENT'S PARK. (Continued from page 94,) The arrangement of this portion of the objects of the society has been confided to an architect possessing considerable taste and judgment in laying out ornamental grounds ; and it is needless to say that he has complied with the utmost expectations of the enlightened promoters of the society. The geographical and physical distribution of plants is to be preserved as much as possible, and a necessary accessary is the application of national architecture in the buildings devoted to the production of individual countries. Other artistical decorations, as statues and vases, will also be employed as far as possible; and it is saying much in praise of the objects of the society, that only in this department, without going into any unnecessary expence, they may powerfully contribute to the cultivation of public-taste. While the several ornamental edifices will present a synopsis of the various styles of architecture, a proper selection of statues and vases, would afford all the benefit of a gallery or museum. This would give the public an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the best production of the several schools, and the elucidation of this object should be by no means omitted in the catalogue of the gardens. The selections might include casts of the several styles of Egyptian art, and of the finest ancient and modern specimens of the several Greek, Italian, French, and English schools. Whether these are classed in the general catalogue, or formed into a separate volume, the descriptions should contain suflicient information of the works and their artists, and the base of every figure should have inscribed the name of the artist, and date and style of the work. The plants are to be arranged according to the two great systems of clas- sification, the artificial and the natural; and will likewise be disposed in such a manner as may be useful to every class of botanist. The artificial system, is that of Linnzus, founded on the visible organs of plants, while it presents great facilities of reference, is too loose for any strict classification, and resembles the old method of animal arrangement, which ia its difinition of quadrupeds included in the same class of animals, reptiles, and excluded cetacee. The natural system formed, by Jessieu, is founded upon the con- stitutional differences of plants, and establishes as clear a distinction between the several classes, as in animal tribes the distinction between warm and cold blooded. The adoption of this latter system is of almost universal reference in all continental gardens founded upon improved principles, and is well calculated, by its introduction here, to impress the student with the importance of studying the organic constitution of plants. The circle is proposed to be distributed into compartments, for the recep- tion of the several plants indigenous to Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Aus- tralia, and the Polar Regions, These again are propused to be subdivided into gardens, in illustration of the style of ornamental gardens of the several countries of the great divisions, At the entrance of the grounds from the grand drive leading from the Colosseum a building will be erected, Fe | to the general business of the Society, and containing a library, museum, and rooms for study. The library will consist of botanical works and periodicals, and to it will be annexed a reading room for the use of fellows and members. The museum will contain dried specimens, drawings, and engravings of recent plants, and specimens of fossils, and it would augment the value of these latter if they were accom- panied by such recent plants as are identical to them, or have the nearest Felation, It will farther contain illustrations of the application of vegetable Vou, VII, No, 75, 0 1l4 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. productions to manufactures, as, for instance, specimens of cotton from tie raw material up to its formation into cloth. The rooms for instruction will afford facilities for students to draw plants from the living objects, and it will include a convenient lecture hall, in which courses will be given similar to those which are so popular at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, and the Royal Dublin Society’s gardens at Glasnevin. From this edifice a raised viaduct promenade, over-looking a considerable portion of the gardens, will lead to a domed conservatory in the centre of the gardens. This conservatory will be on a very large scale, so as to emulate some of the foreign houses, and to give every facility for the growth of the more magnificent tropical plants. Descending from the conservatory to the right of the grand promenade, we come to a garden Jaid out in the Dutch style, with a fountain in centre, and canals. Beyond this will be a rosary, consisting of a circular lawn, sur- rounded by arch trellis work and borders, for the growth of every variety of this queen of flowers. From this we enter the Italian garden, laid out with statues, fountains, and raised terraces, at one end of which will be a conser- vatory and at the other a casino. Having passed under the promenade, we reach the medico-botanical garden, adjoining the central conservatory, and surrounded by hot-houses, stoves, &c. We are now at the head of the lake, which will extend for about a quarter of a mile, interspersed with islands and winding amid varied scenery. Here will be cultivated aquatic plants, and there will also be provided a salt-water basin for marine alge, At the head of the lake will be an artificial rock for the cultivation of rock-plants, and which will contain a large reservoir to supply the several fountains and hydraulic works. The borders of the lake, will, if possible, be so arranged as to display representations of natural geological sections, which may be made equally prodactive of interest and delight. Between the lake and central conservatory will be an extensive lawn, upon which ornamental shrubs and parterres of flowers will be displayed in the modern English style. In its special department will be a garden de- voted, like that at Glasgow, to the cultivation of plants used in manufactures; and the dyer may here sce the material of his tints, or the weaver the cotton from which his cloth is spun. In proper situations wiil be the American or bog-earth grounds; a ground shaded by trees and containing stumps and roots of trees, tunnels and caves for the growth of mosses, ferns, fungi, and other cellulares. Around the whole ground is to be a walk with wide bor- ders for the arrangement of plants in scientific order. By the sides of the walks raised receptacles may be placed, so as to bring some of the more delicate bog earth plants nearer the eye. An experimental garden may be rendered an important and interesting object, whether devoted to agriculture or manufactures. Professor Daubeny has devoted a portion of the limited space of the garden at Oxford to a series of experiments on the powers of agricultural plants, by which he endeavours to ascertain how long a plant will continue in constant cultivation before it exhausts the soil, and when one plant has exhausted the soil, what other will grow inits place. The rotation of crops, the subject of this examination, is one of the most important principles of modern agriculture, and one which greatly demands enlightened study. By these several departments every facility will be given for the study of botany to whatever class of student may be desirous of availing himself of it; and one of the most important objects, the application of botanical pro- ductions to arts and manufactures, is particularly provided for. As far as means will permit, exertions will be made to promote the cultivation of such plants as may be most useful for these purposes, and to extend them in our own country and our colonies; and even if the society should do nothing locally, they have it in their power to further these objects, by giving prizes, ‘a8 is done by the Society of Arts. To give every inducement for its local study, public botanical exhibitions will be opened periodically, in which an important feature will be introduced, by giving prizes for any new applica- tion of plants to manufactures, and for the best delineation of them, or _ MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 115 combination in a pattern. It is gratifying to perceive that it is the intention of the society to act like the institutions at Paris and St. Petersburgh, as a central establishment, to form a union with provincial societies, and to afford every assistance to them and to individuals in the propagation of new lants. r The most effective way to render the gardens of advantage to the public is to devote great attention to everything that can promote its utility, and the simpler and more effective all its arrangements are made the more it will effect this end. A very important object is the placing the names of the plants near them in a conspicuous position, and such description should con- tain their scientific and common names, their country, and what are their economical uses. The catalogue should be as extensive and cheap as pos- sible, and contain, in addition to the history of the plant and its particular uses, a chemical analysis of its several constituents; to this work should be prefixed a short explanation of botanical terms and the rudiments of the systems. Another necessary feature should be always, as far as possible, to accompany the description and the catalogue by analysis of the several soils in which the plants are placed, as this would call public attention to a de- partment of science which is highly important, and in which, notwithstanding the efforts of Kirwan and Davy, we are still greatly deficient. Having thus exhibited the general features of this plan, it is hardly neces- sary to augur its success, as that cannot fail to attend an object of such great interest and utility. We have sufficient evidence in the taste for floriculture, and the increasing cultivation of zoologica] and botanical science, that the public mind is sufficiently prepared for such an institution, and is perfectly capable of appreciating and supporting it; and if we wanted an instance of popular discrimination on this subject, we have a most admirable instance in the case at Dublin. The gardens of the Royal Dublin Society having been much neglected, gradually declined in public estimation; but in 1834, no sooner was an improved system adopted, than the lectures were crowded, and the number of visitors increased, in four years, from 7,000 to 20,000. That no improvement is lost on the public mind, we see again in the effect produced by the new regulations in the national collections in Loudon, where every change for the better has produced a corresponding increase in the number of yisitants. In conclusion, the managers have but to follow in the course they have commenced, and the success of their institution will reflect equal lustre on themselves and advantage on their country, and redeem the honour of the giant metropolis from the dificiency of such an important embellishment. Its promoters may rest assured that it is only by enlightened management that these objects are to be obtained, while through it the enjoyments of their fellow countrymen may be promoted, and the greatest advantages conferred on the arts, sciences, commerce, and manufactures of their native land. New Plants. Sracuys coccinea. This plant is a native of Mexico, and bloomed at the Clapton Nursery with the Salvia Patens, &c. The plant grows about half a yard high, having numerous branches, flowering freely. The flowers are of a dull red ; but though not brilliant, when grown in masses produce a pretty effect, {t blooms in the open border from June to October. Cuorozema Execans. This new and beautiful species has recently bloom- ed in the greenhouse in the London Horticultural Societies Garden. The flowers are of a brilliant yellow and crimson, produced in large spikes, It is a very desirable plant for the greenhouse, ee 116 | NEW AND RARE PLANTS. PART IU. NEW OR RARE PLANTS, (Noticed since our last.) DENDROBIUM CRUMENATUM, (Bot. Reg. 22. ORCHIDEZ. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 1. Discovered in various parts of the Indian Archepelago, and was sent from Ceylon by Mr. Nightingale, to his Grace the Duke of Northumber- land, in whose Collection at Syon it has bloomed. The flowers are pro- duced numerously on a terminal raceme. Each blossom is about an inch across, white stained with yellow. It is stated, that it varies with white and pink flowers. DENDROBIUM AUREUM var. PALLIDUM. Golden flowered. (Bot. Reg. 20. ORCHIDE®, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 2, This plant is a native of Ceylon, and has bloomed in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges’s. Each flower is aboat two inches across, yellow and white, powerfully fragrant. New and Rare Plants noticed in the London, and neighbouring ; Nurseries. Hovea Puncens,—This new species was introduced into this country by Baron Hugel of Vienna, and has recently bloomed in the greenhouse at the Tooting Nursery. The leaves are very narrow and long, giving the plant a very pretty appearance. The flowers are of a purplish blue colour, and produce a pleasing effect. It is a desirable plant for the greenhouse. CxZLOYNE BARBATA.—This new and interesting orchideous plant, sent from the East Indies to Messrs. Loddiges’s, and has recently bloomed in their collection. The flowers are produced on racemes, The sepals and petals are white. The labellum is white streaked, and stained with bright yellow, and at the base is tinged with pink. PIMELEA INCANA.—is now in bloom at the Clapton Nursery. It is well known that the Pimeleas in collections produce their flowers in corymbous heads at the summit of the branches, and the plants usually become naked a they advance in size, but the present species, though ten feet high, is covered with branches, leaves and flowers, down to its very base. The flowers are white, produced on terminal pendant clusters, and pro- duce a most charming effect. GARDOQUIA RETONICOIDES.— We saw this new species in bloom at the Clapton Nursery, at the same time as the Salvia patens. It is a herbace- ous plant, blooming profusely in the open border in summer. It contras with Salvias, &c. it produces a pretty effect when in ‘masses. It is a native of Mexico. The flowers are about the size of the pretty, and now well- known species, G, multiflora, of a bright rosy purple colour, MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 117 PART IIL. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. QUERIES. On Dr. Arnott's Stove.—H. W. requests Mr. Harrison to inform him in the next number of the Floricultural Cabinet, whether Dr. Arnott’s Stove will heat a greenhouse properly, and which is the best house in London for buying one? We have not had an opportunity of seeing Dr. Arnott’s Stove in opera- tion to a plant house, but having been supplied by correspondents with the following remarks upon the subject, we give them for the information of our correspondent : Having recently built anew greenhouse, and feeling unwilling to incur the expense of fixing a hot-water apparatus, yet anxious to spare the great expenditure of fuel, occasioned by brick flues, my attention was turned to Arnott’s stove as a medium. Accordingly, in last December, 1 procured from Cottam and Hallen, one of their 18-inch stoves, which is now, and has been since then, ,in constant operation. My new house is 60 feet long, by 12 feet wide, with a span roof; the stove is placed at one end, within a few feet of the door. To explain why | had it placed at the end, rather than in the centre, let me here say that, feeling rather sceptical as to its efficacy in engendering sufficient heat, 1 had built at the other extremity of the house a common brick flue, 20 feet in length in case of exigency. 1 will now give the result af my observations. During the frost of the 8th and 9th instant, with the assistance of one hour’s heating of the flue in the evening with brushwood, the thermometer was kept up to 50 degrees, and, of course, the frost completely excluded. Still wishing to ascertain with greater exactitude the capabilities of Arnott’s stove. I have had, during a very sharp wind frost, nearly 30 feet of the house next the stove partitioned ‘off by mats, so as to give me a small green- house, 30 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 10 feet high. In this house, then, has the stove given all day, with a moderate fire, and the consumption of not quite a peck of coke, from 50 to 60 degrees of heat. To take off the arid and rather harsh nature of this heat, I have had a zinc pan of water 2 inches deep, and 18 inches square, placed on the stove; the evaporation of which gives all the softness and moisture that can be wished for. It must be borne in mind, that in this trial 9 feet of the glass roof out of 15 feet have been covered with double mats, as is usual in severe frosts with all greenhouses. At this moment,8p.m., the thermometer in the open air, 1s at 28 degrees. Jn the house of the before mentioned dimen- sions, heated by Arnott’s 18-inch stove, it is at 60 degrees I hope I have now said enough to convince plant-growers, that for small reephouses, or even for moderate sized ones, this stove will effectually CC out frost, which, of course, with greenhouses, is all that is required. For plant amateurs, particularly for those who do not keep a regularfgarden- er, is invaluable; for the little attendance required can be given by a maid- servant, No overheating can take'place, and no danger to buildings is incur- red; and if the simple prevention is taken, of sprinkling the inside of the stove, when it is cold, with water, to lay the dust, preparatory to cleaning it, not the least particle of dust escapes. This is a great advantage, as all other stoves give so much dust, as totally to unfit Hers for plant-houses. To nurserymen and dealers in greenhouse plants, thisstove is indeed a hoon, for what numbers of lovers of greenhouse plants have been deterred from 118 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. - undertaking their cultivation, owing to the ny and nightly care required during frost, to keep brick flues regularly heated; and sometimes, owing to the great expense of fuel, and the calculation that the frost would not be severe, a fire has not been lighted some nights at the end of winter, and then all the previous care has been destroyed by the admission of frost to the plants. Now, with Arnott’s stoves, any pit or large frame may be made frost-proof; and, as the consumption of fuel is so trifling, a fire may be lighted every night, and the expense not felt. Some caution is certainly re- quired in purchasing these stoves. I bought two of an inferior construc- tion, and found them both useless. Fortunately, Messrs. Cottam and Hallen had supplied a neighbour with one of the regular construction to heat his ser- vant’s hall, aroom of large dimensions. This acted so admirably, that I immediately procured one from them; the effects of which I thought it my duty to give you, to register in your legitimate pages, SAWBRIDGEWORTH. T. Rivers, As there is at present an anxious desire amongst the public to know what Dr. Arnott’s stoves are capable of performing, as regards heat, and as I have six inuse, and have paid great attention to the working of them, you may be glad to hear the results. But I now allude more particularly to ob- taining 2 bottom heat from them for early forcing. I have just erected a pit 20 by 7, and formed an air chamber under the whole length ; on the top I have placed netting works, supported by wood rafters, (iron would be better, but this was by way of experiment); on that I have laid turf with the grass downwards, and on that again I have placed dry mould. At one end is the Arnott stove, the smoke of which is conveyed through the whole length of the air chamber by a small brick flue, four inches in diame- ter, and comes out at the other extremity of the pit. The result is, thatI have as beautiful a bottom heat throughout as can possibly be required. How the plants—melonsI intend it for this spring, and pines afterwards— will grow in it, remains to be proved; but I have no doubt whatever about them in my own mind. I have also three tubes at equal distances, commu- nicating with the air chamber beneath which | can open and close at plea- sure to let out the hot air when I have too much. They will be further useful for pouring in water, to prevent the heat from drying up the mould Which it might be apt to do, unless some means of that sort were resorted to. I give you this early notice of itin the hope of inducing others to make a similar experiment, as the season is but just commencing, and, by the end of it, we may have some practical men giving us their opinions upon it. The advantages that are derived from it are numerous; all fermenting materials, which are always expensive for large pits, will be saved; the trouble and all the filth and dirt of renewing linings will be done away with, The expence of the fire cannot exceed twopence in the twenty-four hours, and a stove to answer every purpose may be got for £2. The six I have in use consume just one hundred weight of culm ine day and night, which costs here tenpence halfpenny per hundred weight. One is placed in a pine pit, another in a hothouse applied to a boiler, and the others are in different rooms in the house. The average expence of the whole toge- ther is not twopence per day and night each. You will see by this account, that a great deal may be done with them at a very small cost, and that many of the anoyances attending forcing, may be entirely overcome by the use of them. Garp. GazETTE. ANSWER. On Ink SutteD ror Writinc on Metattiic Lasers.—In answer to your correspondent Y. M’s inquiry in last month’s Cabinet, ‘‘On Ink suited for writing with upon Metallic Labels;” I beg to inform him that from experi- ence I find in order to be perfectly secure, and to preserve the complete indentification of my plants, that it is absolutely necessary to use the pre- P + 4 , MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 119 pared Ink which has been advertised with the prepared Labels. I have used unprepared Zinc Labels with, and without the prepared Ink, but I have found myself frequently disappointed by the complete obliteration of the names, which has proved very inconvenient to me, particularly in the naming of my Dahlias. Since my adoption (which has been for some years) of the use of the prepared Jnk with the prepared Labels I have not met with a dis- appointment, A Constant READER. REMARKS. Tue Horricutrurat Society's Garpen.—We recently called at the before mentioned garden, and were not less surprised than delighted, when shown the foundation part of which was then completed, being the com- mencement of an erection which will give credit to that wealthy and Hon- onrable Society. In the February number of the ‘Botanical Register,’ Dr. Lindley thus speaks of it, “‘ all who are interested in the cultivation of exotic plants, will be glad to learn the Horticultural Society of London, are about to erect a most extensive conservatory in their garden at Chiswick. The range will be nearly 500 feet long, running east and west, with a front both to the north and south. The roof will be constructed entirely of iron, glazed with patent sheet glass, and will have the form of a yothic arch. The west wing rather more than 180 feet long, and 27 feet high, has been contracted for by Messrs. D. & E. Bailey, of Holborn, and will probably be completed by the middle of May. The whole range when execnted, will be one of the most extensive in the world.” The Doctor proceeds to observe, ‘‘It is now to be expected that greenhouse and stove plants, especially the former, will be- come a great object of attention with the Society; the effect of which will doubtless be, to improve the ornamental character of tender plants, in the same degree as that of hardy collections.” On THE PranTain.—At the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday evening, Professor Johnson is reported to have made the assertion that the Plantain, (as in the remarkable instance of corn,) “has never been met with in a wild state, but only within the precincts of cultivation,” and immediately afterwards, we are carried away from its native land to the ex, tremities of the habitable earth, in search of the uses to which it is applied. The wild Plantain, called by some Musa sylvatica, found over the whole range of Ghauts, extending nearly from Surat to Cape Comorin, and in the vicinity of Bombay, is one of the most common of jungle plants; whether this is the true and original Musa paradisiuxa or not, remains to be proved, I believe it so to be; the difference between the wild and cultivated variety, (if such it may be termed,) being, that the former springs up in June, the commencement of the rains, and dies down at the end of the year, even in spite of irrigation, which is not the case with the latter; and that in the former the whole contents of the fruit consists of seeds nearly as large as a sweet-pea, but of which in the latter scarcely a trace is discernable. March, 28th, 1839. Cives Munn. FLORICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR MAY. Pranr Stove.—Very little fire-heat will now be required, only applying it in cold weather. The plants will progressively require an increase of air and water. If any want an increase of pot-rvom, it should be attended to as early as possible ; otherwise, if not watered frequently, the foliage or flowers will be liable to suffer, turn brown, or fall off the plant. Keep the plants free from decayed leaves, moss, &c. Frequently stir the surface of the soil. When any casual irregularities in form occur, prune or tie the shoots as required. It is a good time for propagating by cuttings, suckers, seeds, &c., placing them in moist heat. 120 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. TENDER OR STOVE ANNUALS.—When it is desired to have some plants to bloom late in autumn, as Balsams, Cockscombs, Browallis, &c., seeds should now be sown, and the plants potted off into small sized pots, as soon as they are large enough, using a rich soil. Greennouse.—During the early part of May, a few frosty nights general- ly occur ; in consequence of which, it is advisable not to take out the general stock of plants before the middle of the month, or even in cold situations, before the 25th. Whilst the plants, however, remain in the greenhouse, let them have all the air that can be given, during the day, and at nights if no appearance of frost. Particular attention will now be required to afford an ample supply of water to free growing kinds of plants. Frequently syriage them over the tops at evening, just before sun-set. If any of the plants be attacked with green fly, or any other similar insects, apply a sprinkling of tobacco water, diluted with water, by adding to one quart of the liquid five of water ; in applying which to the plants, syringe them at the under as well as upper surface of the leaves: a repetition will rarely be required. This mode of destroying the insects is far preferable to fumigation, no injury being sustained by it, even if applied in a pure state. The liquid can be obtained of tobacconists at 10d. or 1s. per gallon. Tnarching Orange or Lemon trees may still be performed. It is a good time for increasing planta by cuttings striking in moist heat. Greenhouse annuals—as Salpiglossies, Globe Amaranthuses, Balsams, &c.—should be encouraged by alittle warmth and shifted into larger pots, early in the month; so that the plants may make a show, to succeed the removal of the general collection of greenhouse plants. Cuttings or suckers of Chrysanthemums should now be taken off, if not done before. Triverania coccinea, plants should be potted singly into a light rich soil and be forwarded in the stove, and repotted as they advance in growth, not too much at a time, but as root room appears necessary. Lo- belias for the greenhouse should be similarly treated, as to potting, &c. Flower GaRDEN.—Continue to protect beds of Hyacinths, Tulips, &c. Carnations in pots should be encouraged by manure water, &c., in order to grow them vigorously : care in striking them will be required. By the mid- dle of the month, half hardy annuals—as China Asters, Marigolds, &c¢.— may be planted out in the open borders. Some of the best kinds may be potted, as done to the more tender sorts. Many kinds of greenhouse plants —as Petunias, Salpiglossies, Salvias, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, &c.—should now be planted out in the open border. Dablias that have been forwarded in pots, frames, &c., may be planted out towards the end of the month. Seed- lings may be pricked out, in a warm situation, having a deep, fresh, rich soil. When Stocks, Mignionette, China Asters, &c. are wished to bloom late ‘in the year, seeds may now be sown, either under a frame or on a warm — ‘border, Slips of Do ble Wallflowers should now be put in under a hand- glass,. Seeds of biennials—as Sweet Williams, Scabions, ns = should now be sown. Tuberoses, for late flowering, shor either in pots or warm borders. Ofisets of Campanula py ami be planted in rich soil, and placed in the greenhouse. Rey continued till they cease to grow, by this meens the plants w feet high, and be very branching. 3 REFERENCE TO PLATE. Ecuirese, King or Heartsease, AND Beauty oF EpMonTon, are among the splendid Seedling Panzies raised by Mr. Page, of Edmonton Nursery, and advertized for sale in previous numbers of the Cabinet. or Lorp Durnam, AND GeneRAL WoxrFe, are very five Seedling Panzies raised by Mr. James Burly, Florist, Simpsfield, near Godstone, Surry, (see advertising sheet for the present number.) We have drawings of some other very fine Seedling kinds sent us by the aboye gentlemen, which will appear in some future number. ‘Campions, &c.— THE FLORICULTURAL CABINET, JUNE Ist, 1839. RR ma PART I, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ~ ARTICLE I. ON THE PRESENT TASTE AND STYLE OF ORNAMENTAL GARDENING. BY MR. JOHN FOREST, GARDEN ARCHITECT, &c., ROSS. As gardening was one of the first, so is it one the most delightful occupations of man; it contributes to his necessities, as well as to his comfort and pleasure. The cultivation of salutary herbs, and grain, and fruit for diet, were necessary to his existence; and that of flowers for their scent and beauty, and of trees for shade and shelter, was equally necessary accompaniments. Hence the calling became divided into distinct branches, namely, kitchen, fruit, flower, and ornamental gardening. The two first, though of most real utility, are considered subordinate to the two last, more especially the last of all, which has been dignified by the title of, “‘ landscape gardening.” The term has been borrowed from that given to any prospect of a country, but particularly from those works of art depicting wild or ornamental scenery, called landscape paintings, representing any space or region of a country, with its various objects. The first ornamental gardens of which we have any good ac- count were regular enclosures, with everything they contained arranged most symmetrically, justifying the often-quoted sarcastic couplet of our poet Pope:— “ Grove nods at grove, each alley has a brother, And one-half the lawn but just reflects the other.” This rectilinear and rectangular style of gardening was, how- ever, quite natural to man in the earlier ages of the world; he saw Vox. VII. No. 76. P 122 ON ORNAMENTAL GARDENING. nature in all her wildest forms around him, and, as lord of the creation, he felt a kind of instinctive desire to bring her under his controul; he wished a contrast and a disposition of bis trees, and boundaries that would mark or secure his possessions, and, at the same time, exhibit his skill as well as his sovereignty. Art was then his idol, not Nature ; and everything he did was to show how much the latter was under his dominion. . This artificial style of gardening continued to prevail in every civilised country, from the earliest times till after the beginning of the eighteenth century. Before this epoch, Le Nétre, a French garden architect and ornamental gardener, was exten- sively employed in almost every nation in Europe; and some portions of his designs are still to be seen in France, and many imitations of them everywhere, as well in this country as on the Continent. ! While Le Notre and his contemporaries were driving every trace of nature from their garden scenes, the painter was at the same time enthusiastically engaged in studying her in her wildest forms, and copying every incident in real scenery which would improve his studies or enrich his pictures. Before the period to which we are alluding, many eminent painters had immortalized their fame by the beautiful landscapes which they had painted. Among the celebrated paintings, it is remarkable that very few trim garden scenes were represented, especially as the artists, both gardeners and painters, were prob- ably admirers of each other. This, however, is only an instance of how much the human mind is liable to be enchained by custom or reigning fashion. The idea had not yet been entertained, per- haps, that the principles of ornamental gardening and landscape painting are the same; for, in practice at that time, the artists took directly contrary routes: the painter studied nature only, while the gardener busied himself in cutting and slashing vegeta- tion into all the most fantastic regular figures his ingenuity could invent. Geometry, with its lines and rules, was his text book ; without this he could not trace a line, or prune a tree, or trim a hedge. On the other hand, nature, in all her varied forms, and habits, and hues, were seized and imitated by the painter, tracing her on the mountain steep, or in the secluded dell, by the spark- ling river side, or on the banks of the placid lake. Thus, at one time, were painters and gardeners employed, both eccupied in arranging the same objects; the one forming eS a | . i ON ORNAMENTAL GARDENING. 123 real, the other pictorial scenery, but with very different views : the first was enamoured of “neglect and accident ;” the other se- riously annoyed if a single leaf projected from the smooth surface the shears had made. The love of gardening and of fine pictures, however, keep pace with each other, and were often united in the same cultivated mind; indeed, we seldom meet a virtuosa who is not equally en- amoured of all the fine arts. Both gardeners and painters were employed in the embellishment of regal, noble, ecclesiastical, and manorial residences. While the exterior was graced and adorned by the former, the interior was decorated and enriched by the latter. The painter’s landscape at last ‘bore away the bell;’’ the admirable scenes presented on canvass were extolled by every unsophisticated eye, and merely because they were more true to nature ; aud when compared with the most laboured garden dis- positions, the latter sunk in public estimation, and was soon fol- lo wed by the ery—Why ts not every gardener a painter ? This impression was so strong after the new light broke in upon the minds of the cognoscenti, that Kent, a painter by profession, was actually induced to become a landscape gardener. His new task was not a pleasant one; he aimed at producing immediate effect, as he used to do in his studio; but this was impracticable, as he found he must wait many years before he could possibly see the full effects of his dispositions of trees, shrubs, &c. The first attempt by Kent was certainly a failure, because, in straining to do on the naked lawn what is so easily done on can- vas, he made himself ridiculous, by planting dead trees, and several other freaks, which, however objectionable as the effects of time or accident in real scenery, become quite ludicrous if imitated by art and labour. But as many places at that period were capable of great im- provement by merely clearing away redundant growths, the painter’s ideas were in such cases highly valuable, and their as- sistance was duly acknowledged; and consequently improvement by abstraction, or simple clearing away, became the rage. Hence a reformation (by far too radical however) took place. Every connoisseur wondered how the contracted ideas of the gardener could have been so long tolerated ; a kind of remorse was felt that the visual enjoyment of real pictures should have been so long withheld ; a sweeping sentence of condemnation was instant- ly pronounced by the arbiters of fine taste, and open war was 124 ON ORNAMENTAL GARDENING, declared against every right line and right angle, and against every perpendicular form of Dutch or Italian gardening. Soon were the venerable avenues uprooted—the airy terrace and the verdant slope levelled with the general surface of the ground; every nicely-clipped hedge or arcade, pyramid or globe, were quickly banished from the lawn and gardens; right lines, whether of roads, or walks, or fences, were diverted into regularly flowing sweeps; the mansion which had been for years partially shaded and veiled by trees, was set out and exposed on a smooth and closely shaven lawn; hedge-row trees were exchanged for insulated clumps dotted over hill and dale; and straight and visi- ble fences, gave way to crooked and invisible Ha ha’s! Thus the regularity of the old style was excluded, to admit the irregularity of the new; a change too recklessly made, and which has proved, in many instances, only a change from one kind of sameness to another fully as tedious and uninteresting. Nor was the new style an imitation of what it was presumed to be founded on, namely, the painter’s ideas of the most beautiful or most picturesque combinations of land, wood, and water. The opinion of the first reformers appeared to be, that, to depart as much as possible from the old style, by introducing irregularity, was all that was wanted to give the new scenery a truly and nat- ural character. The new style received the title of ‘‘ English gardening ;” and certainly there were some very perfect things of the kind exe- cuted in different parts of the kingdom, not, however, by clearing all the old features away, buf by a judicious reservation of part of them, and not by an implicit adoption of every suggestion of the reformers, but by a tasteful rejection of many of their dog- mas, It is perfectly true, that, though the guiding principles of com- position of both the painter and the landscape gardener are the same, there must necessarily be a great difference in the execution ; the one endeavours to gratify the present, the other future gene- rations. The painter can brighten his lights, deepen his shadows, give play to his outlines, and mellow his tints at pleasure, so as to preserve a well ballanced display of light and shade; all his objects whether on the foreground, in the middle distance, or in the off-scape, he can dispose as seems to him best. The height, and distance, and form of the mountains; the character and extent of water; the very forms of the clouds, and tints of the sky, are ON ORNAMENTAL GARDENING. 125 all as his fancy or taste suggests. And neither is the painter con- fined to the real character of the trees, and shrubs, and herbs which he introduces into his picture ; a burdock, or other mon- strous weed on his foreground, answers his purpose as well as the finest plant in cultivation. Such worthless plants in a painting give no offence to the beholder in any way; and, moreover, the rudest, wildest scene may be preferred for the canvas, but which is seldom or never required to be, nor indeed ever should be formed by the gardener, because the most trifling mark of art about such a work robs it of every charm which it would other- wise possess. The landscape gardener arranges all the ornamental planting of the park, and particularly near the house. Here comfort, con- venience, cleanliness, and every other sign of high keeping and art must prevail; here all the taste and skill of the gardener should be displayed; here his ideas are peculiarly applicable ; and when these foreground dispositions are fixed, he has to design and connect the scenery of the park therewith, and that of the surrounding country with both. In the execution of all this, the most refined taste, united with a large share of practical, botanical, and arboricultural knowledge is absolutely necessary; and in this it is said the professional ideas of the painter would be available. Let us suppose, then, that a Claude Lorraine were engaged with the gardener in laying out an English garden ; the trim neatness, smoothness, and regular edges of the walks and borders of the latter, would offend the eye of the former, who would rather see roughness, intricacy, and indis- tinctness prevail. This, however, would not be suffered near the abode of refinement and affluence ; but the painter would advise the gardener to conceal his hard lines; to break the uniformity of the clumps; to give variety to the masses of planting, by asso- ciations of trees and shrubs of different tints and character ; to place on the foreground the strongest growing herbs, the coarsest featured shrubs, and the quickest growing trees to flank the vistas which he would wish to have extended across the park, or which would let in distant objects of interest in the country beyond. The painter would also advise but few single trees to be planted, without having a few shrub like growths near their base; and also that all clumps and groups should be of one kind of tree, irregular in outline, and intermixed with under-growths, to creep out on the turf around them. 126 ON ORNAMENTAL GARDENING: If water entered into the composition, the painter wotld ad- vise it to be disposed in its natural place—the lowest ground; and whether a lake or river, he would have it as unlike a canal as possible. The natural abruptness of the banks he would preserve, as well as all their sinuosities and overhanging trees and bushes, Nor would he be anxious to expose too much of the water in one place, unless it would appear as a reach, either advancing towards or receding from the eye, for the sake of the reflections from the ripple on its surface. If a lake, he would choose to have it of a very irregular shape, and as much diversified by trees and islands as its size would allow, carefully masking its extremities, if such were too visible. If buildings of any description, either for use or ornament, were in the landscape, the painter would advise them to be partly concealed, and only allowing the most ornamental or character- istic angle to jut out from among trees. If the park was of a finely undulating surface, consisted of smoothly rounded knolls, with winding dips between, the painter would adapt the forms of his groups and thickets, and the characters of the trees to cor- respond. On the other hand, if the environs presented strong natural features, as cliffs and rugged declivities, deep ravines forming the beds of mountain streams, &c., he would add such accompaniments of vegetation, alpine and aquatic trees, &c., as would harmonise with the general aspect of the’ place, so as to produce (whatever may be the character of the district) a well connected and harmonious whole. Now if all this would be advised by a painter, or an amateur having a ‘‘painter’s eye,” it differs not a jot from what would be done by every landscape gardener who knows his business, or who deserves the name. Hiding the hard lines in the dressed ground, and employing more under-growths among the trees in the park, are the only aditional amendments in the common prac- tice, which the painter could recommend in laying out a park in the English style. He would also object to any great extent of lawn being seen from any principal station, because nothing is so horrifying to a painter as great blotches of any one colour on the canvas, witheut chequering of. shadows, of flocks or herds, or of other objects admitting variety of tints; and therefore a park laid out by a painter would be rather a series of diverging glades, than a park dignified by the grandeur of its vast masses of wood, and its expansive extent of verdant turf. ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS. 127 That many of our parks, laid out in the style last alluded to, are lifeless and uninteresting, must be acknowledged. In passing through them, though they may have an air of grandeur suitable enough for a regal or ducal palace; yet no part of such scenery would be admired by the painter, because wholy unfit for the canvas. Hence it may be inferred that an English landscape gardener’s park may be very suitable for a residence, and yet by no means equal to the beau ideal of a connoisseur, who may be blessed or plagued by possessing a painter’s eye. Still it is very possible to bring the extremes nearer together; to diversify and enrich the naked tameness of the ‘‘ capability’ style; and to soften the asperities, and qualify the exuberance of imagination ob- servable in some of the most celebrated paintings. J. F. ARTICLE II. ON THE CULTIVATION OF ERICAS, BY THE FOREMAN OF A LONDON NURSERY. Havine had considerable experience on the culture of this beautiful and interesting tribe of plants, I submit the following practical observations to the notice of your readers. Like all mountain plants, they will not long flourish in a damp or impure atmosphere, nor in one, however dry, if excluded from a free circulation of air, and full exposure to solar light. It fol- lows, therefore, that in the selection of a proper habitation for them, one fully exposed to the sun, and in a perfectly dry situa- tion, and constructed so that the plants may stand near the glass, capable at the same time of ventilation to the fullest extent, with the front and roof sashes rendered moveable when required, will be the most proper habitation for them. A span-roofed house upon an economical scale, is well calcu- lated for the cultivation of Ericas and their near associates. The whole of the side and roof sashes should be moveable, the height over the passage about seven feet, and the width eighteen, allow- ing three feet for each passage, three feet for the breadth of each of the front platforms, and five feet for the centre one, on which the largest plants are intended to stand. The top part of the roof should be covered with boarding of one foot from each side of the ridge. This is to support an awning of canvas, mounted on rollers, to exclude the cold during intense frost, and enable 125 ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS, the cultivator to dispense with fire heat, which I find is very ini- mical to the plants of this order. From November till March the latter covering is occasionally required, and the former for shading occasionly, from June till September, after which periods both may be removed. The foliage of the heath tribe would sustain without injury the great- est degree of sun heat we ever have in this country; but it is the roots that require protection by partial shading, for when the sun acts fully on the pots they become heated to a great degree, and as the roots of all healthy heaths and similar plants are in close contact with the pots, they are rapidly dried up, or heated beyond the degree that they are capable of bearing; for as in their nat- ural habitations they grow amongst thick herbage, and are partially shaded about their roots, they consequently are kept much cooler than if they were growing without any covering whatever. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule ; but by far the greater number are so circumstanced. ‘ No doubt heaths have been successfully cultivated in houses of the most ordinary description, but the success attending their growth has depended principally upon free ventilation, modera- tion in watering, an almost total absence of fire heat, a full exposure to the sun, and closeness to the glass. Ericez, like most similar shrubs, are readily increased by seeds and cuttings, and rarely by any other means. Seeds are often imported from the Cape of Good Hope, and are also frequently ripened in this country; from both of these, hybrid varieties are very likely to be obtained, for I believe that many heaths culti- vated in this country, and considered as species, are no other than hybrids originated from seeds procured by one or other of those means. When we consider the operations that are con- stantly going on in nature, in regard to this subject, both in a wild and in a cultivated state, we are only astonished that more numerous varieties have not been recognised. The best time for sowing seeds of this order is early in spring, say February and March; and for this important reason, plants originated from seeds sown in spring, will attain such a size and strength before autumn, as to enable them to outlive the winter following, which is a trying time for young plants. In preparing pots for this purpose, they should not be too large, 32’s is the best. We need hardly remind the most inexperienced in culti- vation, that they should be well drained, by being filled at least ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS, 129 two-thirds with broken pots, small stones or cinders. The soil used should be of the sort called very sandy peat. The seeds should be sown on the surface, (which must be made smooth and level,) and scarcely covered at all. When sown, watering should be regularly attended to, and applied with the finest rose pot. They should be placed in a cool, shaded frame, under glass, or plunged ina rather damp border, where the sun seldom shines, and covered with a hand glass. In such a situation water should be seldom applied, because the seeds being so minute, they are liable to be washed off in the process, and therefore, the less frequently they are watered the better. As the young plants appear, air should be progressively admitted to them, and every precaution now taken to guard against damp, an excess of which, as well as an excess of drouth, would be equally fatal to them in this state, When the plants have attained the height of one inch or so, they may be transplanted into small thumb,pots, placing three, four, or five in each, as near to the edge of the pot as pos- sible. From some cause, not easily explained, we find that young plants and cuttings root faster when placed in close contact with the sides of the pots in which they are planted, than when they are placed more towards the centre. After this first potting, they should be kept for eight or ten days in a close, cool frame, or pit, shading them from the sun in the middle of the day, and gradually exposing them to the air, until they are found to be so established as to stand the full heat of the sun. The greatest attention must be paid to a regular system of watering, for if they be allowed to become too dry, they will die off in a few hours time, ard if kept too wet, they will damp off in an equally short period, Almost all will strike root by cuttings; some sorts, however, requiring a longer period to do so than others. The most eligible wood for this purpose is the young wood of the present year’s growth, when it becomes partially hardened, so as not to be liable to damp off. It would be impossible to convey an idea to the uninitiated, of the proper state that the wood should‘be in for this purpose, but the cultivator who knows anything of the matter, will readily understand me when I say, the wood should be fully matured, but before it had attained its dark colour, and to be, when slightly pressed between the finger and thumb, somewhat firm, but neither yielding to the touch nor yet quite hard. In regard to the length of the cuttings, much depends on the habit Vou. VII. No. 76. Q 130 ¥ - ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS. of the different species. Some of the robust growing sorts may be from an inch to an inch and a half in lengh, while others of the more shy growing kinds can only be obtained about half that length. The cuttings selected, should be chosen from the health- iest plants, and taken off close to where they issue from the old wood. In preparing the cuttings, the leaves should be cut clean from the shoot, either with a sharp knife or fine pair of scissors, ‘the end should be cut transversely across in a neat manner, so as not to leave the wound ragged or bruised. The leaves should upon no account, be shortened, neither should any more of them be taken off than ape so far as the cutting is to be inserted into - the sand. With respect to the proper season for putting in cuttings of this order of plants, and indeed of most other slow growing kinds, the spring is the best, for the same reason given above for sowing seedg, It sometimes happens, however, that cuttings cannot be ob- tained in a proper state at that season: when such is the case, recourse must be had to inducing the old plants to make wood fit for the purpose. This is to be effected by placing them in a little heat early in spring, they will then make plenty of young wood, which is the best for cuttings. In extensive genera, like that of Erica, it would be impossible to state any particular period of the year for commencing the operation of propagation by cuttings, because some one or other of them are in a fit state for the pur- pose on almost every day in the year; therefore, the time’ for putting in cuttings should be regulated rather by the state of the the plant than by the time of the year. In extensive nursery collections, where great quantities of plants are wanted, one pot may be filled with cuttings of the same species, when such can be got in sufficient quantities; but in private collections this is not necessary, for a few plants of a sort, in general, are all that is required. When this is the case, the kinds selected to be put in the same pot, should be nearly of the same habit as can be judged of at the time. Unless this is attended to, one sort will be found to strike root in a much shorter time than others of the same pot, which makes it more inconvenient when potting them out. This, however, must always happen to a certain extent, for a little difference in the age or firmness of the cutting, even when the work is performed by the most experienced hand, will often make a difference: in ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS. 131 the time required to strike root. When the pot is thus filled with cuttings, it should be well watered with a fine rose watering . pot, and placed ina close shady part of the stove, admitting as little air as possible near to where the cutting pots are placed, taking care to water them freely every day. Indeed when put in this way, there is no risk of overwatering them ; for having them well drained, the water is allowed to pass freely through, and so far from injuring the cuttings, they are benefitted by it. However excellent the above mode of striking heaths may be, it cannot, under all circumstances, be applied in practice, be- cause there are many cultivators who have not the convenience of a stove to place them in. A substitute for the stove may be found in a well regulated cucumber or melon bed, in which many strike heaths and other hard-wooded plants very successfully. The reason for applying heat to the cuttings is to excite them to the greatest possible degree, during which they will, if they are in a fit state, strike root very soon, or damp off at once. The more usual method of striking cuttings of the generality of heaths, is to plunge the pots into coal ashes, rotten tan, or similar matter, in a rather damp, shaded border, covering each pot with a bell glass, and the whole with a close frame and lights. By this method the cuttings are longer in rooting, but as it is within the reach of every one possessed of a garden, however small, and, therefore, as it is attended with less’ risk from inatten- tion, &c. we recommend it to their attention. It is necessary in preparing the pots for the cuttings, to select them about equal sizes, say that of thirty-two’s, and to fill them to within an inch and a half from the top with broken pots, cinders, coarse gra- vel, or small stones, over which a thin Jayer of moss, (hypnum,) should be placed to prevent the finer particles of mould from be- ing washed down amongst the drainage. The pot should then be filled to the brim with fine, pure white sand, as free as possible of earthy or irony matter, but as this is seldom to be procured sufficiently free of those matters ; it may be well to wash it by put- ting small quantities at atime into a bag, and dragging it fre- quently through a cistern, or stream of water. When put into the pot it should be well watered, and pressed firmly down, the surface made smooth and level, and the cuttings put in as soon after as possible. In the propagation of heaths it has been almost universally maintained that bell glasses should be used under all circumstan- 132 ON CHINESE GARDENS. ces, that is, whether they be placed in heat, in a shady border, cool frame, or pit. When glasses are used, the greatest care must be taken that they be kept regularly wiped at least once a day to prevent damp from destroying the cuttings. Cuttings placed in a cool shaded border, frame or pit, should certainly be covered with bell or hand glasses, and these should remain on until they are rooted, and taken off only for the purpose of being wiped, and any damp or mouldiness removed from the surface of the sand in which they are placed. Regularity in watering, and also in shading, is absolutely necessary to insure success. When the young cuttings begin to grow, air must be gradually admitted to them, so that by the time they are rooted and fit for transplant- ing they may be able to withstand the sun’s heat, and free expo- sure to the air. (To be continued.) ARTICLE III. ON CHINESE GARDENS. (Continued from page 108.) TuHErz are, in different parts of China, many works of the kinds just mentioned ; but amongst the most considerable, are counted the Passage of King-tong, the Bridges of Fu-cheu, those of Swen- chew and Lo-yang, with the Cientao, in the province of Xensi. The first of these is a communication between two precipices, composed of twenty enormous chains of iron, each two hundred feet in length, which are covered with planks and earth, to. form the road. The second is a cluster of bridges between Fu-cheu and ‘Nanti, uniting various islands, that divide the river into different streams the principal of these consists of one hundred arches, of ‘a suf- ficient size for the passage of ships under full sail; itis built of large blocks of hewn stone, and enclosed with a magnificent marble balustrade, the pedestals of which support two hundred Colossal lions, artfully cut in the same material. The third is a bridge at Swen-chew-fu, built over an arm of the sea, that sometimes is very boisterous: it is above three quarters ofa mile long, thirty-five feet wide, and consists of one hundred and thirty piers, of an astonishing height, upon which are laid vast blocks, of a greyish granite, that form the road. ee ON CHINESE GARDENS. 133 -» But the largest and most surprising work of the sort, that yet has been heard of, is the bridge of Lo-yang, in the province of Fokien: it is composed of three hundred piers of black marble, joined to each other by vast blocks of the same material, forming the road, which is enclosed with a marble balustrade, whose pedestals are adorned with lions, and other works of sculpture. The whole length of the bridge is sixteen thousand two hundred feet, or upwards of three miles ; its width is forty-two feet; and the blocks of which it is composed, are each fifty four feet long, and six feet diameter. . The Cientao, or Way of Pillars, is a communication between many precipices, built to shorten a road to Pe-king. It is near four miles long, of a considerable width, and supported over the vallies upon arches and stone piers of a terrifying height, In the mountains, on each side of these imperial roads, are erected a great number of buildings, surrounded with cypress groves, and adorned with works of sculpture, which afford con- stant entertainment to the passengers : these are the monuments of their wise men, their saints, and their warriors, erected at the expence of the state, and furnished with nervous incriptions, in the Chinese language, giving an account of the lives and actions of those they commemorate: some of these buildings are dis- tributed into many spacious courts and stately apartments being little inferior to palaces, either in magnificence or extent: they are furnished with all kinds of movables and utensils, much larger than the common size; and a great number of Colossal figures are every where seen, representing officers, soldiers, eunuchs, saddle-horses, camels, lions and dogs, all placed in melancholy attitudes, with countenances expressive of the deepest sorrow- Instead of roads, the center avenues are sometimes formed into navigable canals, from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet wide, being sufficiently deep to admit gallies and other small vessels ; with horse-ways on each side of the canals, for the con- venience of towing them, either against the wind or the stream. On these the emperor, and Chinese mandarines, are frequently conveyed, in large magnificent sampans or barges, divided into many splendid rooms: being sometimes attended by a consider- able train of smaller vessels, of different constructions, adorned with dragons, streamers, lanterns of painted silk, and various 134 ON CHINESE GARDENS. other ornaments ; the whole composing a very brilliant and en- tertaining show. All the imperial forests, besides the high roads which pass through them, having many spacious avenues cut in the woods, spreading from different centers, like rays of stars, and terminating at idol temples, towers, castles, and all the interesting objects of the circumjacent country. The centers from which these avenues part, are of acircular or octagonal figure, with eight avenues ; or of asemicircular form, with only three branching from them. Their area is generally very considerable; and its middle is adorned with a triumphal arch, a pagoda, a magnificent fountain, or some other considerable monument. Where the extent is vast, each single avenue has besides, in its course, one or more open spaces, from which a number of smaller avenues again branch out, and terminate at many build- ings, erected in the woods, for various purposes ; all which, with- out any confusion, add to the variety and,intricacy of these com- positions ; giving them an appearance of immensity not to be conceived, but by such as have seen them; and wherever a deep valley, a large river, or an arm of the sea, interrupt and break off the course of the avenues, the plantations are nevertheless con- tinued on the opposite shore, in order to make them appear more considerable- . In straight roads, of smaller dimensions, the Chinese very artfully imitate the irregular workings of nature ; for although the general direction be a straight line, yet they easily avoid all appearance of stiffness or formality, by planting some of the trees out of the common line, by inclining some of them out of an upright ; or by employing different species of plants, and placing them at irregular distances, with their stems sometimes bare, and at other times covered with honey-suckles and sweet-bryar, or surrounded with underwood. They likewise cut and dispose the branches of the trees in variuos manners; some being suf- fered to spread, to cover and shade the walks ; whilst others are shortened, to admit the sun. The ground is composed of rises and falls; and the banks on each side of the walk are, in some places, of a considerable height, forming hollow ways; which they often cover at the top with bushes and trunks of fallen trees. (TO BE CONTINUED.) REVIEW. 135 REVIEW. . The Boquet, or Ladies’ Flower Garden, being a Description of those plants which will ffower in the Room, and the Treatment most suitable for them.—By a Florist, Simpkin & Co. 12mo. pp. 102. (Continued from page 112.) ‘“‘T shall therefore describe its whole treatment, beginning with the time that the bud has formed itself, which is generally in October, or November at the latest. Hitherto they have been kept comparatively cold, but as the winter approaches the win- dows are closed, and large fires constantly burning during the day, when at night the fire is allowed to go out, and consequently the room again becomes cold; this continual change of tempera- ture, from cold to warmth, is one of the principal reasons of the buds falling off, for before the month of December the rooms were uite cool to what they are at this season of the year; it will therefore be perceived that it is highly necessary that the tempe- rature be kept as nearly equal as possible; but I do not recom-., mend keeping them in warmth at any time, although the temperature may be equal, it being quite an erroneous idea that they require heat to bring them into flower; and I have found that the most beneficial mode of treating them is by keeping the plants in a cold room, where there is hardly any fire kept, for it is a plant that in mild seasons will stand out of doors during the whole winter without receiving any injury; when in a cold room they will require very little water, once a week will be sufficient, unless the plant is evidently getting dry, which is not likely to be the case during the month of January and beginning of Febru- ary; very great attention should be paid to its watering, as it is at this season that the buds commence to swell very fast, and the least overplus will cause them to drop off; therefore the quantity of water given must rest entirely to the judgment of the person who gives it, only having always in view that the plants must never be allowed to get quite dry, and at the same time not very wet. About the latter end of January, and again the first fort- night in February, it would be very conducive to the health of the plant to have the leaves carefully washed of all dust, which at this time they are sure to be covered with; after they have done flowering, they may be kept in a room where there is a fire, as at this particular stage of the plant heat is very useful, as it assists the growth of the plants, and the young shoots have time to ripen their wood before they set for bloom, which will be about October; they should then be put into a cold room, and receive the treatment already described, and which will be found to succeed if properly attended to. cx fi Epacris.—Of this very beautiful and showy tribe of plants there are very many fine varieties, which continue flowering du- 136 REVIEW: ring the whole of the spring months ; in its appearance, both in ftower and leaf, it resembles very much the krica, and like those beautiful plants, blooms in great profusion, The species which flowers the earliest is K. campanulata rubra, a very pale rose- coloured flower, which is generally in flower by the latter end of January, and when in full bloom is very beautiful; as, from the extreme delicateness of its colour, it will bear no comparison with any other tribe of plants. E. impressa: the flower of this kind is much longer and narrower than the former, and is of a deep rose or red; it does not flower until nearly a month later than the other, and. for show is one of the gayest in the whole tribe, as, when it is in its perfection, the plant is so covered with flowers that it is only at the extremity of the shoots that the leaf is discernable. There are also two very fine white ones which flower about this time, E. nivalis and E. campanulata alba: the latter is certainly the handsomest of the two, having a much larger flower and being of a clearer white ; although E. nivalis flowers the most abundantly, and therefore makes the most showy appearance. There is also a pretty variety, which is called E.. grandiflora: this species continues flowering the greatest length of time of all the species, but never has so great a profusion of flowers in bloom at one time as the others; the flower is about an inch and a half in length, being of a bright crimson towards the stalk, and at the mouth a pure white, so that the individual flow- ers are by far the most striking to the eye. There are scarcely any of this tribe of plants which have any smell, but that which they want in sweetness they will repay in beauty. In their treat~ ment they should be watered once a day, and kept rather wét in preference to being very dry ; and will flourish equally well ma cold as in a warm reom, and ought to be kept near the light. Corchorus Japonica.—This plant is perhaps better suited to large collections than small, but as there is not so very great a variety of flowers during the early part of this month, it is not so very objectionable, especially as it is a pretty growing plant, and having a bright green leaf, with double yellow flowers, which blossom up the whole of the stem amongst the leaves. It is very convenient in its treatment, as it flourishes in a cold room, or in a heated one; if there is any difference, it grows with greater vigour in the warm room than in the cold, and will bear a good supply of water. It would rather he adviseable to have a saucer placed beneath the plant, with a little water in it. Daphne Mezereum.—This plant is perfectly hardy, and there- fore need not be placed in a room, but will do very well outside the window. When in flower it is very gay, having a dark lilac flower, which blooms up to the branches, and is, when in full flower, very sweet. It never has any leaves while im blossom, but makes up for this loss by the great abundance of bloom which it produces. When placed in the open air, it will not require water more than once a fortnight, and ifthe weather is very frosty not even that. There are several other plants that bloom at the \ REVIEW. 137 same time as this, which make a very pretty mixture,and are very gay. The Snow-drop is one of the first ; this pretty little flower is too well known to need any description from me. ‘There is also the Winter Aconite, a bright yellow flower in the form ofa buttercup, and which does not exceed two inches in height, and is very gay andshowy. There are likewise all the varieties of the Crocus. Nor must I forget to mention the Hepatica, which is the prettiest of all the small flowers which bloom at this time, amongst them are several varieties ; blue, pink and white, with a double and single variety of each colour: when in full kloom they are very showy especially when combined with the Crocus and other flowers of the season. They are quite hardy, and flower as well in town as the country ; they will scarcely require any water during the time they are in bloom. Verbena, or as it is now called Aloysia citriodora, but which is more generally known by the name of the Lemon plant, may be procured at this early season ; but the leaves are extremely de- licate, and must be kept close, as four or five minutes’ exposure to the air would destroy the whole of them, having been forced into leaf so much before its natural time, for the sake of the beau- tiful scent which is emitted from it when touched. It is certainly a delightful little plant, and ought not to be absent from any room. It will require very little water each day, as, from the weakness of its leaves, it is not able to bear much, and should be placed in the warmest part of the room, where it will thrive very well, until about April, when it may occasionally be placed outside the window to receive the fresh air, but must not remain outside du- ring the night until the middle of June. Indeed I should recom- mend keeping it in the room all night during the whole of the summer, as it preserves the scent much better as well as keeps a fine green to the leaf. The leaves of this plant, when picked off and carefully dried, will retain their beautiful odour for several years after, if put in thin paper or a smali silk bag, to keep the air from them. Lechenaultia formosa.—This beautiful little plant, in its appear- ance, is very similar to the Erica, and like those plants require to be grown in bog or peatearth. It is also remarkable for the great length of time it continues flowering, commencing early in Feb- ruary, and can scarcely be said to have finished its bloom the November following. In its growth it never attains a very great size, and is particularly adapted for small fancy vases, as it does not require a large pot, indeed it flourishes much better when grown in small-sized pots, and has a bright blood-coloured dower, but when confined in ina room it is almost sure to change to a bright orange, but by being exposed to the air it very soon regains its former colour ; it is not so difficult to keep as the Erica, but like them should never be allowed to get quite dry, but always be kept moist, at the same time not to be saturated with water. It is very hardy, and will bear to be exposed to the air during the Vou. VII. No. 76, R 138 REVIEW. day time when the weather is not very frosty, and after the month of May can be kept out of doors both day and night. Kennedya monophylla.—This is a very pretty little climbing plant, and for the room is very desirable, attaining about one foot and a half in height, and has a pretty bright purple flower, which blooms in bunches of about two inches in length; and even when the flower is off, the leaf still makes it a desirable plant. There - is another species, K. lilicina, which has a pale lilac-coloured flower, and has the same kind of habit and growth as the other. These two varieties, when planted together in the same pot or vase, are very pretty, as, from their climbing habit, they twine one with the other, intermixing their flowers all over the plants ; they should receive avery little water every day until about May, when they may be watered more plentifully ; great care must be taken that it does not receive too much water, as the leaves will otherwise turn yellow, which immediately spoils the beauty of the plant. ; The Little English Flora, or a Botanical and popular account of all our Field flowers, with Engravings on Steel of every description. By G. W. Francis, Author of the Analysis of British Ferns. , Three years ago we were informed by Mr. Francis of his intention to pub- lish a work on British plants, and the small pocket volume, of 174 pages, now before us, is the result. In the preface we are told that, the object of the Author in preparing this little volume, “is, first to vite the young to an exaniination of the flowers of the field,” by pointing out the beauties they are every where to meet with, that thus additional charms may be added to their rambles over the meads and commons; secondly to induce a love for the science itself, by shewing that it is easy of acquirement, and that it yields instruction and delight, not merely in our after progress, but even from our first commencement of its study ;”—and, he adds, ‘‘ these important pur- poses | have endeavoured to accomplish, by giving a plain and popular des- cription of all our common wild plants.accompanying these with accurate steel engravings of every species: thus striving to win rather than demand the attention, and to present these little favourites in the alluring garb with which nature has herself invested them, rather than the mysterious and re- pulsive habit in which they are too often described, and to smooth as much as possible the study of Botany. Mr. Francis is well and advantageously known to the public, as the author of an Analysis of British Ferns, a work which every cryptogamic botanist ought to possess, The ‘ Little English Flora” is cast from a similar model, bat, in point of real usefulness, it will bear no comparison with the work be- fore alluded to. The engravings are too small to afford much assistance in indentifying the species. This will be readily understood, when it is known that there are twenty engravings on each page, the size of which is only six inches by three. By this arrangement, the volume is small, and, we have no doubt, cheap. On this ground it can be recommended; the ‘ Little English Flora’ will be found of great assistance, more especially on account of the popular and pleasing style in which it is got up, NEW AND RARE PLANTs, 139 } PART Hl. NEW OR RARE PLANTS. (Noticed since our last.) i, MATTHIOLA ODORATISSIMA. Sweetest Evening Stock. (Bot. Reg. 25. CRUCIFERA. TETRADYNAMIA SELEGUOSA. SYNONYM. CHEIRANTHUS ODORATISSIMUS. Introduced to this country some years back, but is rarely to be met with. We lately saw it in fiae bloom, which has a pretty appearance, the flowers are of a pale purple with yellow centre, they are most delightfully fragrant to- wards evening, much more so than the well known Cheiranthus tristis. The present species is a half hardy biennial, and does well either in the green- ouse or open border during summer. It seeds freely and is readily culti- vated. 3. LGZLIA AUTUMNALIS. The Autumnal Leelia. (Bot, Reg. 27. ORCHIDACEZ. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. A native of Mexico, and now found in many collections of Orchidez in this country, and it certainly merits a place in every one. The plant is of easy culture ; it requires to be tied to a piece of wood, and as soon as fresh roots begin to push it is freely syringed, even two or three times a day till the growing season is over, when it is removed to a cooler temperature, and kept dry through the winter, after which, it is taken to a higher temperature and treated as above. The flowers are of a beautiful mixture of bright rose, crimson, and purple, with the labellam towards its base, white, spotted and streaked with dark brownish crimson ; each flower is near four inches across, produced numerously, and very fragrant. 3. TRICHINIUM ALOPECUROIDEM. Foxtail Trichinium. (Bot. Reg. 28, AMARANTHACEZ. MONODELPHIA PENTANDRIA. This singular looking plant was introduced into this country by Captain Mangles, KR. N., from the Swan River Colony, It has bloomed in the collec- tion of that gentleman’s brother, R. Mangles, Esq.. Sunning Hill, Berkshire ; it is a half hardy annual flowering abundantly in the open border during summer; flowers are produced in spikes, green, tinged with rosy pink of a glossy appearance like the cockscomb; the flowers seem to protrude them- selves out of a dense mass of fine hairs, like those of the feather grass, though not very showy, the flowers are very interesting, Dr. Lindley has Stated that two other species are known to exist at Swan River, specimens having been given to the Doctor by Captain Mangles. 1, Tr. Manglesii. Flowers, pink at the tips, silvery at the base. 2. Tr. Stirlinghii; silvery, just tinged with pink. 4. SALVIA CONFERTIFLORA, Close flowered Sage. (Bot. Reg, 29. LABIATEH. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Discovered by Mr. Macrz, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil, It is like others of this family, thriving well either in the greenhouse, conservatory, or open 140 NEW AND RARE PLANTS. border ; the flowers are produced in spikes of six or eight inches long, they are of a deep orange colour, having a purplish red calyx, the contrast of which is very pretty, each blossom is about balf an inch long; the plant blooms very freely, and the blossoms being of a bright colour produce a - pretty effect. 1t has bloomed in the collection of J. D, Llewellyn, Esq. 5, RUELLIA CILIATIFLORA. Fringe flowered Ruellia. (Bot. Mag. ACANTHACEZ. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA, This is rather an ornamental stove plant, with oblong serrated foliage, and flowers produced upon a short pannicle, which are of a purple colour, having five cordate petals, and a spreading disk. It was sent home by Mr. Tweedie, and is supposed to be a native of the interior of Mexico. 6. PIMELEA HENDERSONI. Mr. Henderson's Pimelea. (Bot. Reg. THYMELEZ DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Is a very pretty plant, intermediate between P. decussata and P. rosex. It is a native of King George’s Sound, and was raised from seeds received from theuce by Messrs. Eagle and Henderson. This is said to be one of the most ornamental of the genus; and judging from the plate, we are fully in- clined to fall in with this opinion. The colour of the flowers is a light rose. The branches are very thickly set with leaves. 7. BRASSAVOLA CUSPIDATA. Spear-lipped Brassavola. (Bot. Reg. ORCHIDEZ. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. This is a native of Trinidad, imported from thence by John Moss, Esq., of Otterspool, Liverpool. We are here told, that owing to the skill of this gen- tleman’s cardener, and the extensive connexions which Mr. Moss, possesses abroad, his collection at Otterspool bids fair to rival some of the many col- lections of orchidaceous plants, of which the country may well be proud. Five species of this genus have already been described by Professor Lindley, of which the one now under consideration is the sixth, and nearly related to B. cucullata. To those unacquainted with the genus as well as the species referred to, it may be well to say that the B. cuspidata has long ridged rush-like foliage, bearing a few scattered white flowers. : 8. DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM. Beautiful Dendrobium. (Pax. Mag. ORCHIDES. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. Amongst the genera of orchidaceous Epiphytes none contains a greater number of really beautiful species than Dendrobium, of which we think it quite just to the genus to say, the species now before us is decidedly the most ornamental. The foliage is scanty, being only a pair or so on the sum- mit of a rather tall fleshy stem. The flowers are very large, and nearly white. We are told that this handsome plant was discovered in a district called Pondooah, at the base of the Khoseea Hills, by Mr. J. Gibson, collect- or to his Grace the Duke of Devonshire, and under whose care it produced its handsome flowers at Chatsworth. during the spring of 1838. Some excel- lent directions are here given on the cultivation of this genus, the most important of which are those which refer to a season of rest or the suspension of moisture, but not of heat. In their native localities they bloom in the dry season. This period should commence about the beginning of our winter, and continue for one or two months. During this time the foliage will wither, and not unfrequently drop off, but, at the end of this period, mois- ture should again be freely supplied, when the flowers and foliage wiil be most }exuriant. : z : ; ; ‘ a MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 141 PART IIL. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. QUERIES. On Drv Ror, &c.—I should feel much obliged to you, or any of your correspondents, for their opinion on ‘Mr. Kyanse’s Supplement, for the pre- servation of timber from Dry Rot.’ And whether there would be any danger in introducing some trellising into a greenhouse, and likewise the new roof- ing of a large grape-house. The vines are to be trained under the rafters: both rafters and trellising have been laying in the tank some time, and are now ready for ase: I understand it is a deadly poison! Should not the wood be well drained and painted before it is put upon the house? Wonld not the air in the house be impregnated, so as to be injurious when closely shut up? An early answer to the above by some reader acquainted with the sub- ject, will much oblige April 17th, 1839. A Constant READER. A List or Panseys.—Will you, or some reader of your Magazine, be so kind as to give me a list of the best prize Panseys, also the probable price, and where they may be obtained. April 8th, 1839. R. R. Davis. —_—“— ANSWER, A List or Panseys.—Having recently visited many of the first rate col- lections in the country, and around London, to furnish ourselves with a stock of the best, the following are the kinds we selected as the most superb. viz., Venosa, Cream superba, Mrs. Adams, Climax, Formosa, Solomon, Mrs. Prazd, Lord Glammis's Enterprize, Enchantress, Thompson's Victoria, King, Gem, Hecuba, Jem Crow, King’s Cupid, Corrine, Morton’s Julia, Esther, Mulberry, Gold Sovereign, Unique, Minerva superba, Duke of Marlborough, Shakespear, Milton, Mountjoy’s Victoria, Thompson's Vesta, Beauty of Som- erset, Incomparable superba, Thompson's Naxara, T. Vivid, Regina, Fanny, Senecio, Emperor, Duke of Wellington, Mogul, Coronation, Fair Helen, Chimpanzee, Duke of Northumberland, [ver Hero, Ne plus Ultra.— Conpuctor. REMARKS, On Raising Native Hyacinrus.—The plants which have flowered in glasses or pots produce better offsets than those raised in beds ; these to- gether with the mother and now reduced bulb, plant at the usual season. The old balb affords considerable nourishment to the young plants, which rise with great strength the following spring, When the leaves assume a yellow hue the plants are to be takea up, and replanted the same day in prepared beds; the stronger by themselves, The strongest planta will show blossoms the following spring, some of them having from twelve to twent bells, or pips; these should be reduced to three or four, which should be left on the extremity to draw up the sap. Were the whole suffered to re- main, the plant would be much exhausted in flowering ; and if wholy taken 142 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, off, it receives a great check. The bulbs are again to be taken up in October, and replanted as before, not permitting them to remain any time out of the ground. Moisture seems essential to the perfection of the Hyacinth; and it is those which remain in the ground, and of course subject to its influence, that are not at any time affected with the ring disease, by which many of which are placed in the stove are lost every season. The compost best suited for them is, one barrowful of loam from rocky places, one ditto well rotted cow-dung. This should, if possible, be three years old; one third of a barrowful of mould, produced from rotted tree- leaves, and about a fifth of a barrow from an old cucumber-bed. With this the bed is to be made two and a half feet deep, and the surface covered with turf mould, to preserve the bulbs from frost. a New Plants. TropmoLum TricoLonuM.—We have recently seen several fine specimens of this most lovely climber, which is certainly unequalled for beauty and neatness, At the exhibition of the London Horticultural Society, held on the 18th, inst., there were several plants in most profuse bloom, and trained variously, which produced a fine effect; one was trained to cover a circular wire frame about four feet in diameter, covering it with bloom in every part ; a second, a wire frame about four feet high in the form of an urn, and in addition to the frame being covered down to the pot, the framing was so constracted as to inclose the pot, and the flowers concealed it from view; a third, was trained over a frame constructed globular, about three feet in diameter, and its surface entirely covered with bloom; a fourth, trained up to a centre, having a turban headed from three feet acress, and in addition to the head being covered, the shoots hung pendant in beautiful bloom. In these and other similar modes the plants were trained, and bemg in a high degree of cultivation, blooming profusely, were justly admired. When the bulb once becomes strong, the plant is found to be of easy culture; the shoots being spread around tlie plant upon some finely sifted soil, just covering them over, and gently pressing them down, they will then speedily take root. This is a very ready method of increasing it, and will doubtless, on becoming generally known, allow the introduction of several plants into every greenhouse and conservatory. The soil in which the Tropceolum ap- pears to thrive best, is a sandy loam being well drained, care should always be taken, as have been observed by writers in former numbers of the Cabinet, not to place the tuber more than one-half its depth in the soil; we find too that the plant can be easily cultivated in a light sitting room. The kind we saw in 1836 flourishing in the valuable collection of C. Rawson, Esq., Hope House, Halifax, under the very successful management of our friend Mr. Menzies, is the most handsome of the tribe, we gave a figure of it at the time, (August), and seeing a plant of it in bloom, at the above mentioned exhibition, in contrast with the true T. tricolorum, we were struck with its decided superiority, the flowers being much larger and of finer colours. The kind was named at Mr. Rawson’s, T. elegans, and is justly entitled to such appellation. We have seen it named in one collection, T. tricolorum major. Tropeo.tum Bracuyceros is better cultivated this year than we have seen it before, trained, and otherwise treated as T. tricolorum, it produces a pretty contrast with it. Its yellow, delicately dark marked flowers being neat and pretty. TRoPGOLUM TUBEROSUM is now progressing fast, plants are fine for turn- ing out; they will no doubt amply repay by their beauty at the end of summer and autumn. The plant is very easy of propagation by cuttings, and one plant will produce near a peck of tubers. It is found to throw the plant early into bloom, cut a small trench with a spade around the plants, about two feet from its base, and fill up the trench with sand, this checks its — — - V/s , Pelargonium / SMU Se aS 4 y, ae, Yladioluad ramosius MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 143 luxuriance and causes it to bloom immediately. The beauty, and ease of culture of T. pentaphyllum is too well known to require any commendation.— ConDucror. Hovea puncens.—This beautiful plant is of a dwarf habit, with narrow leaves, resembling the Rosemary. The flowers are of the most intense blue. It is a native of the Swan River, and was raised by Robert Mangles, Esq. This is a very desirable plant to those who have a small greenhouse. REFERENCE TO PLATE. Garrtu’s Joanor Arc. Pelargonium. This most superb kind we saw in bioom in the fine collection of Mr. Catleugh, and it is certamly the best flower among the vast variety of fine kinds we have seen during a visit to every collection of note ; no drawing can do justice to ils beauties and ex- cellence. The following kinds are among the best we have seen, and merits a place in every collection. Cuorizema varia. This new and very fine species was recently exhibi- ted at the London Horticultural Societies’ Room in Regent Street, and at the exhibition on the 18th, inst., at the Societies’ garden. Mr. Hally of Black- heath, exhibited a plant finely in bloom at the former place; and Mr. Veitch, of Exeter, at the latter; Mr. Veitch’s plant was about seven feet high, furnished from the bottom to the top with numerous speading branches, and central shoots, each terminating with a spike of flowers. The piant is of very rapid growth, easy of cultivation, and a most profuse bloomer. The flowers are produced closely on the spikes, and thus make a show, and in this particular, very much exceed some other kinds of Chorizemas, whose flowers being so remote from each other, give but little effect. This very superior kind which deserves a place in every greenhouse and conservatory ; in the latter, it appears as if it would become a magnificent tree, and if duly en- couraged when grown in a pot, an object of considerable attention, Dr. Lindley noticed at the meeting, that it was one of the most valuable acqui- sitions of this class of plants, which had been introduced for some time. r GLapIoLus RaMosus. This very beautiful species we saw in bloom in the fine collection of Mr. Groom, of Walworth; when we saw it in bloom last summer, it was offered at three guineas per plant, but may now be obtained for fifteen shillings. It is of vigorous habit, and blooms most profusely in the open border, when grown among others of its beautiful family its contrast is very striking. FLORICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR JUNE. ANNUALS. —See pages 43, and 72, Vol. 1—Those annual plants that have not yet been transplanted out, should now be done, in cloudy and showery weather, keeping as much earth to their roots as possible, now supporting those with sticks that require it—thin out where too thick. Tender annuals may now be turned out into the fower borders ; they should be refreshed at least once a day with water, and if the sun be very powerful they will re- uire to be shaded, till they have taken fresh root: those that remain to pi in pots, must be frequently supplied with water, repotting, &c., as they require it. Finish transplanting perennial and biennial plants, sown in spring. Roses. —Cutting of Garden kinds may be put off by the middle of the month; insert them firmly in the soil, and cover with a hand-glass—a shady 144° MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. border is the best situation for them. Cuttings of most kinds of Greenhouse plants should now be put off. CARNATIONS AND Pinks.—Laying the former, and piping the latier, will be required by the end of the month. Seedlings should be planted out singly into pots or open borders. Those Carnations in pots require particular at- tention in keeping them well supplied with water, and to support the flower stems by tying them to neat green sticks with bass; pipings of the young shoots may still be put in; those cut at the second or third joint make the handsomest plants; they should be kept shaded from the hot sun, otherwise they will soon get scorched and dried up, they should be finished layering by the middle of the month. Pinks may still be propagated by pipings as in June. Auricula plants in pots will require a little water frequentiy in hot weather, taking care not to pour it on the heart of the plant—all dead leaves should be removed—if any of the plants are attacked with the green fly, they should be smoked with tobacco, Ranuncuxus anp Anemone Roots.—Should any bulbous rooted plants, as Ranunculuses, Tulips, Anemones, &c., now be past flowering, and their leaves decayed, they should be taken up, well dried, cleaned, and the offsets separated, and put in a cool airy place, till the planting season again com- mences.—See articles in Vols. I. and II., of the Cabinet. Cametiias—which have ceased blooming, will now require to be excited by being taken to a higher degree of heat, and frequently syringed, this will induce vigorous shvots, and an abundance of flower buds. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.—See pages 73, 74, and 8}, of Vol. I. Plants in small pots should be repotted into larger. Dau tas.—See pages 3, 22, 66, and 95, of Vol. I.; and articles in Vol. 2, ° and Vol. 3, page 100. Tuxies.—See page 24, Vol. I. GREENHOUSE AND STOVE ANNUALS.—Such as have been grown hitherto in small pots, should be repotted into larger for the summer’s growth. AuricuLas—may be repotted and placed in a shady, but airy, situation. Transplant seedlings, also of Polyanthuses. Pansies.—New beds may be made by taking off rooted offsets or by piping, shading them for a few days after removal. Such will bloom pro- fusely at the end of summer, Cametias—lIf the new shoots have nearly done growing, place the plants in a warm greenhouse, or in a stove of 70 degrees, in order to assist the plants in producing flower buds. HerBaceous PLants—in flower beds should regularly be tied up as theY advance in growth, not allowing them to grow too tar before this attention is given, or many kinds will become unsightly. BausamMs.—See culture of, in Vol. I. TriveERANIANS. See Vol. L. Seeps of hardy Biennials, as Sweet Williams, Scabious, &c., may be sown for plants to bloom next year. Tue Dovusre Scartet Lycunis, &c., &c.—The double scarlet Lychnis, and such like plants, should be propagated by cuttings. Dahlia cuttings will easily take root if placed in brisk heat. Continue to cut box edgings, and hedges, where it was not done last month. Where it is desired to save seed of Ten Week, Russian, or German Stocks, only allow those single ones to remain, the flowers of which have five or six petals; if such be reserved they will generally produce double flowering plants. Towards the end of the month, Roses may be budded: the first week in August is, however, con+ sidered better. THE FLORICULTURAL CABINET, JULY Ist, 1839. een “_ PART I, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS, nent ARTICLE I. ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HOT HOUSE PLANTS BY A PRACTICAL GARDENER. Tue house intended for the growth of stove or tropical plants, should be constructed so as to give a proper command of artificial heat in the wintzr season, when a high temperature is requisite for the preservation of the plants. These, being natives of warm climates, require a strong degree of heat, to induce them to grow and flourish in the confined apartments that are allotted for their cultivation. . The thermometer ought to be regulated, mornings and even- ings, in this department, from 60 to 70 degrees : otherwise, the the cold cutting winds that generally pass between the laps of the panes of glass, will prove very injurious to the tender shoots and foliage of many of these exotics. When the atmosphere of the stove increases to 70 degrees by the influence of sun heat, a little air should be admitted in the middle of the day, but taken away again early in the afternoon, so as the house may be shut up warm from the effects of the sun, which is more advisable than having recourse to strong fires for the purpose; and as the use of the bark bed is now becoming very generally exploded, for the culti- vation of tropical plants, a higher degree of temperature is neces- sary for the health and preservation of these ; but, as many of the tender exotics-will succeed better by having a slight degree of bottom heat at their roots, this may be successfully supplied to them, by filling the bed, or pit, with fresh tree leaves, or tan, Vou. VII. No. 77. 8 146 ON HOTHOUSE PLANTS. every autumn, and covering the surface over with sand or coal ashes, for the pots to stand upon; when these should be arranged according to their different sizes, without plunging, as the heat arising from the fermenting substances will increase the temper- ature of the house, and produce a mild congenial heat to the roots of the plants, which will greatly facilitate the growth of the more tender species. The pots remaining unplunged on the bark bed, will not be so subject to have their roots injured with worms, which is always the case when plunged in the bed, and which are very pernicious to the young roots. During the winter months, when there is but little sun to dry up the moisture, great care must be taken not to give any of the plants too much water; it is preferable to give them little, and frequently, as they may ap- pear to require it, than to deluge the pots with too much mois- ture, in their quiescent state. When the flues or hot water pipes are pretty warm, the pouring of water upon them will produce a fine steam, very beneficial to the plants, and also obnoxious to the insects, whose depredations should always be kept in subjec- tion. When the Aphis, or green fly infests the young shoots, recourse must be had to fumigation with leaf tobacco, or be plunged over head in a solution of tobacco water. The advan- tage of a mild or rather calm evening, should be taken, and the houses well filled with the fumigating bellows, which will instant- ly destroy these noxious depredators. The plants will require to be well syringed the following morning, in order to displace any of the Ay that may cling to the foliage; and if they do not appear all to be destroyed, a repetition of fumigation should be resorted to the ensuing evening, which will effectually clear the plants of these insects. When the weather is at all favourable, the syringe should be frequently applied in the evening, and the house shut up warm; this moist heat will, in general, keep the red spider under, especially in the early part of the season; but if this intruder begins to get a head, a little sulphur sprinkled over the hot pipes, or flues, will keep them in abeyance. The white mealy bug and scale are more difficult agents to ged rid of, and require to be brushed off as soon as they begin to appear, otherwise they will become very troublesome. Frequent fumi- gations of tobacco will, also considerably check their pro- gress. : The soil that appears most appropriate for the growth of the greater portion of stove plants, is sandy loam, consisting of the _ ON HOTHOUSE PLANTS. 147 sward from a pasture, which should be thrown into heap, to de- compose and pulverise fora short time previous to using; to which a portion of peat soil, mixed with it, will be a suitable com- post for the growth of most tropical plants. When there is a scarcity of peat, a mixture of decomposed tree-leaves may be ap- plied in its stead, with great advantage. Should the soil not be of a naturally sandy quality, a little sand should be intermix- ed, so as to render it light, and free for the roots to run in. The plants should all be examined in March, or April; and such as appear to be in want of fresh pots, should be shifted into others, a size larger; but the operation of shifting, and size of the pots should be regulated according to the state of the plants. The more luxuriantly inclined species will require a larger sup- ply of nourishment than those of less delicate habit, and may, therefore, be admitted into larger sized pots without injury, whilst the more delicate growing sorts must not be over-potted ; rather repeat this operation, as the roots appear to fill the pots, than put them into too large sized pots at once. The pots that are used for this purpose must be well drained with small pieces of pot- sherds, or any other material that will permit a free passage for the superfluous moisture. There should be placed next to the drainage a little of the rough fibrous substance that is collected from the soil, which will admit of a ready penetration of the water through it, and prevent the mould in the pots becoming too much saturated with wet; as nothing is more injurious to the tender roots than to have the soil soured about them when in a dormant state. During the course of the season, they will re- quire to be frequently examined; and such as appear to have out-grown their pots, to ke removed into larger ones; as, also, any that are in an unhealthy state should be shook out of the pot, and the roots examined; and such as appear in a decayed state, eut away, and the plant fresh potted; but observing in these instances, to use rather small pots than large ones. In Autumn the whole stock should be carefully looked over ; and those that appear too much confined, for want of pot room, may be re-potted into larger sized ones; care, however, should be taken not to disturb or injure the roots at this advanced season. During the Summer months, and growing season, they should be well supplied with water, and frequently syringed over their foliage, and the borders and footpaths, &c kept in a moist state, particular- ly in hot weather, which will be very conducive to the health and 148 ON HOTHOUSE PLANTS. vigour of the plant. The atmosphere of the house will require to be duly attended to, and the thermometer regulated mornings and evenings, at 65 degrees, which may be allowed to vary from 90 to 100 degrees, by the influence of sun heat. Most sorts of tropical plants are increased, either by cuttings, seeds, or dividing at the root, whence offsets of the Orchideee and Cryptogamia genus are procured ; and when those throw out such suckers, or side offsets, we have a plant supplied with roots imme- diately, which may be, at once, potted, and treated accordingly. I may, however, observe, that these suckers, or offsets, should be allowed to form good roots before they are taken from the mother plant, which will the better secure their future success. The hard woody kinds may be propagated by cuttings, which will root freely in most instances, when planted in a sharp sand, and placed in a shaded situation of the stove, or in any other apartment where they can be shaded from the effects of the mid-day sun; as a small pit or frame is generally appropriated for this purpose, which can readily be shaded by throwing a mat over the lights while the cuttings are striking root: some of the species will require a slight degree of bottom heat, to induce them to throw out young roots. The most suitable season for the propagating of tropical plants, is from January to July; but many of the kinds may be put into the cutting pots at any period of the year, providing that the young shoots are in a proper state, as some species require the wood to be ripened and firm before they are put in; whilst others may be increased when the shoots have grown only sufficiently long for the cutting. In striping the foliage from the shoot, care must be taken not to injure the bark, and not to clear away more of the leaves than are necessary for the insertion of the lower end of the cutting in the soil or sand in the pot, where they are all inserted ; a gentle watering should be given, to settle the soil about them and the pots then covered with hand-glasses until the cuttings begin to grow, and throw out young roots, when a little air may be given, to prevent their being drawn up in a weak state. The sand, or mould, in which they are planted, must not be saturated too much with water, otherwise it will rot the cuttings. When the plants have struck root, they should be immediately potted off in small sized pots, and placed in a slight hot-bed for a few days, and kept shaded. from the effects of the mid-day sun until they have got a little established, when they may be re- moved with safety to the stove. ON THE AURICULA, 149 ARTICLE II. ON FLORIST FLOWERS—THE AURICULA. BY FLORA, In my last paper, having promised you the routine of my month- ly culture of the Auricula, I therefore, to redeem my pledge, send this, with a sketch of my Auricula-house or frame, the dot- ted lines shewing where ghe laths on which the sliding shelves lay. I shall begin my Auricula-year with August, that being the month in which the general potting takes place for spring bloom. Early in the month, or the last week in July, prepare the soil as before stated, prepare also some thin sod or sward, and having taken care that it is half dry, take an empty pot, and cover the hole in the bottom with a piece of shell or potsherd, lay apiece of this half dry sod upon it, and then your prepared soil, till the pot is about half full, take the old plant and shake the soil from it, taking off all rooted offsets which must be put cither singly into small pots or four plants into a larger pot, pull off all the dead or yellow leaves, and examine the root to see if any part be decay- ed, if so, remove all the decayed or brown roots, for the plant will never thrive when the root is diseased. If you cut or break it, let itbe till the wound is healed, or pot in dry soil, and do not water for a day or two; spread the roots of the plant all around the soil, and fill up to the top level with the edge, do not press it down with your fingers, but give it a slight knock or two on the bench, which will settle it about half an inch and leave room for holding water. Look to the neck of the plant all round, that it is a proper depth in the soil, then water gently about the edge 150 ON THE AURICULA, and place the plants in a shaded situation. If the weather is dry and hot, they will require alittle water every evening round the pot edge; a shower of rain at this season will not hurt them, only do not let them have too much, for it not only washes away the nutricious part of the soil, but also does the plant harm by giving it an inclination to rot, by the wet lodging too long about theneck. If itis very suny, shade the frame with mats during the day, and having the back doors taken quite away at this season, prop the edges of the front sashes up, so that air may be circulated freely through the whole both day and night. September.—No more is required this month than examining the plants frequently to see that they are free from the green fly, caterpillars, &c. and in a sound healthy state, if the green fly should infest them, this is easily cured by closing the frame and fumigating with tobacco smoke, water frequently round the edge of the pot, and the plant will grow freely and strong. If a plant looks yellow or sickly, be sure that all is not right with it, lose no time in taking it out of the pot and wash it clean, if any brown or decayed place appears, take it quite out with your finger nail, or a piece of wood, but do not cut it witha knife, let it lay out of the soil till dry, and then repot it in dry soil, use a plaster of bees wax or tallow over the wound to keep the damp from it, but if possible, keep the wound quite out of the soil ; keep it dry fora week or more, till it begins to recover, water with great caution till it show signs of growing, then set it in its place. October.—Less water must now be given as the plants cease from growing, and must be regularly prepared for the winter, that is, they must be furnished with less sap, and of course they will become less succulent and less susceptible of frost or damp, they must have all the air possible by the sashes still remaining proped, and the door off during fine weather. November.—This is often a fatal month for the Auricula, the damp stagnated state of the air, together with cold, and want of a proper elevation of the plants above the wet surface of the ground, are felt most severely, but if they have been regularly prepared, last month by being kept dryer than before, they will bear it very well; very little water is now required, keep them entirely from rain, but give as much air as possible, examine the plants frequently as to their soundness, &ec. ON THE MIMULUS IN POTs. 151 December.—No water must now be given except the. plants turn soft for want of it, and then very little will suffice; pick off such yellow or dry leaves as can be removed without making a wound, but do not force them off, which would probably make a wound, and the neck be injured, and prove fatal; at this season of the year keep your frame closer, as frost and snow, may now be expected. January.—This month must begin as December ends, by keep- ing all close in frosty or coarse weather, but give air every fine or fair day, give very little water, if any, keep all as clean and dry as you can about the plants, February.—The heart of the plants will now begin to look of a fresher green, and the leaves to give evidence of a renewal of life, they must have a little water to assist nature in her process of forming the embryo flowers, about the second or third week, according to the season, take off all the surface soil from the pot without disturbing the fibres, and put some fine rich soil on them; now is a good time for removing any rooted offsets, give water once a week, but do not be too eager in setting them to grow too soon, for if a severe fit of weather should come, your succulent plants might be in danger, give all the sun and air you can and cover with mats at night. ARTICLE III. ON THE TREATMENT OF MIMULUS’ IN POTS, BY W. M. P. Azout the beginning of March I take off cuttings from my various selected varieties, which I plant singly into 60's, using a compost of two-thirds loam and the other third leaf and sand, merely to keep the soil a little open, I them plunge them into a bottom heat, and when they are rooted I take them out and place them on the front shelves in the greenhouse; when the roots fill the pots they will require to be shifted into 48’s, using the above compost with an addition of rotten cow-dung. When I finally shift them, which is generally about the latter end of June, I put them into as shallow pots as I can procure, from sixteen to eigh- teen inches in diameter, as the roots always ifcline to run on the surface, which ought to be pegged down and tied up neatly to stakes as they grow. I allow them abundance of water as they 152 REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. come into flower, (I have seen pans filled with water put under them, but it is very injurious,-as it sours the soil,) for if neeneeted. the flowers will be small. When they are done flowering, I give them less water, until I withhold it altogether, I then cut them down to the surface, and put them aside in any back part of the greenhouse until they begin to push in the spring, when I take them out and place them on the front shelves in the greenhouse, giving them a good watering, when, in the course of a few days they will begin to shew their young shoots. If you think the above remarks are worthy a place in your use- ful Publication, they are at your disposal. W. M. P. Uffington Gardens, May 1839. ARTICLE IV. REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. BY AN HORTICULTURIST. Tuts tree, which is the symbol of eternal sorrow in all the civi- lized countries of Europe, is also the funeral tree of the east, from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea; and it is likewise dedicated to the dead from Mazenderan to Constantinople, as well as to the utmost bounds of China’s fruitful shores. Claudian tells us, in his admirable poem of the Rape of Pro- serpine, that when Ceres decided to travel over the earth in search of her daughter, she hastened to Etna, to prepare the torch which was to light her on the road during the night ; and that having rooted up two gigantic cypresses, the goddess threw them into the crater of that mount, which being inflamed by the sulphur, augmented the fires of Etna; and from thence the an- cients, we presume, dedicated this tree to Pluto and Proserpine., The Romans placed a branch of the cypress tree before their dwellings when any one died, which remained as long as the corpse was in the house ; and which it then accompanied to the funeral pile, or the tomb. Lucan, who wrote about the middle of the first century, inferms us that the cypress was then only used at the funerals of persons of distinction. REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. 153 ' The Turks of the present day attend most religiously to the planting of the cypress tree at the tomb of their departed friends and relatives; and they are always careful to select the upright variety, as the spreading cypress would, in such situations, be the cause of much sorrow to them, from their belief that when the tree grows with a spiral point towards heaven, it indicates that the soul of their friend is ascended into the regions of bliss, The Armenians are not allowed to plant a cypress tree, at the graves of their deceased friends, but they are permitted to plant any bran- ching tree, as the apple, oak, or elm, &c. ; which, from it’s crooked branches, indicates, as the Mahommedans affirm, the impossibility of the ascension of Christian souls. When will reason ascend her universal throne! Lady M. W. Montague mentions a cypress tree in a garden at Kujuk Checkmedji, that was converted to rather a singular use, “The house and garden now belong,” says her Lady-ship, *‘ to a hogia, or schoolmaster, who teaches boys here. Iasked him to show me his own apartment, and was surprised to see him point to atall cypress tree in his garden, onthe top of which was a place for a bed for himself, and a little lower one for his wife and two children, who slept there every night. I was so much diverted with the fancy,” says Lady Mary, “ that I resolved to examine his nest nearer ; but going up fifty steps, I found Ihad still fifty to go up, and then I must climb from branch to branch with some ha- zard of my neck. I thought it therefore the best way to come down again.” Cato wrote more on the cultivation of the cypress than on that of any other tree ; and he calls it a Tarentine tree ; but Pliny says, that was from its being first planted in that neighbourhood, and that the isle of Candia isits natural country ; where, he says, when ' the ground is ploughed up, the young plants are sure to appear, and that in many parts of that island, the cypress trees spring up without culture ; particularly on Mount Ida, on which they grow to the very point, although it is continually covered with snow. Hanway says, some of the mountains near Reshd, in Persia, are covered with cypress trees. Thus, like the cedar, its birth-place is a cold bleak mountain; and like that majestic tree, it lives almost to eternity, and its timber seems nearly imperishable. Sir W. Ousley tells us, in his travels, that “ the beautiful and venera- ble cypress of F’assa has been the boast and ornament: of that city . for above a thousand years.” Pliny speaks of a cypress that was Vou, VII. No. 77. T 154 REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. planted when the foundation of Rome was laid, and which fell, he says, through careless neglect, on the last year of Nero’s reign. The same author tells us, the famous statue of Vejovis, Jupiter, in the eapitol, was made of cypress wood; and that when he wrote it was perfectly sound, although it had been dedicated and conse- crated to the temple since the second year of the foundation of Rome. Theophrastus, who calls this tree Kupariton, tells us, that the doors of the celebrated temple of Ephesus were formed of thisdurable wood; and the doors of St. Peter’s church, at Rome, were framed of cypress timber, which lasted from Constantine, to Pope Eugenius IV.’s time, which was eleven hundred years, and were then sound and entire, when the pope took them down to change them for bronze gates. The Egyptians kept their mum- mies in chests of cypress wood ; and'Thucydides, a Greek historian who wrote about 400 years before the birth of Christ, tells that the Athenians used to bury their heroes in coffins formed of this timber; and Aristocles, the celebrated Athenian philosopher, (who was called Plato, from the largeness of his shoulders), and who flourished about the same time with Thucydides, would have the laws and-sacred rites inscribed on tablets of cypress wood in pre- ference to brass. The Babylonian history affirms, that the lasting bridge, which Semiramis caused to be built over the Euphrates, about 1960 before the Christian era, was entirely formed of this timber; and some learned writers, who do not hesitate to go 389 years farther back, endeavour to prove, that the gopher mentioned in Scripture as the wood of which the ark was built, was no other than cypress, and which is not confuted by other learned authors ; such as Isa, Vossius, and David Kinchi, who will have gopher to signify only resinous timber. Epiphanius, abishop of Salamis, who died A. D. 403, telis us, some relics of the ark, Jasted even to his days:and which was judged to have been of cypress. It is known, that at Crete this timber was employed in building the largest ships ; and Virgil tells us, “‘ that cypress provides for keels of ships that scour the watery plains.” Aristobulus affirms, that the Assyrians made shipping of this timber; and so plentiful was this tree about those parts of Assyria, where the ark is conjectured to have been built, that those vast armadas which Alexander the Great caused to be equipped and sent out from Babylon, consisted only of cypress. (To be Continued.) . ‘4 : € f ' ty ON CHINESE GARDENS. 155 ARTICLE V. ON CHINESE GARDENS. (Continued from page 134.) FREQUENTLY too, the course of the walk is interrupted by a large oak, or elm, or tulipifera, placed in the middle; or by a screen of trees running quite across ; which, when the part on one side of the screen is opened and illuminated by the sun, and the part on the other side close and shaded, produces a pleasing contrast. I have often seen, in China, berceaus and arbors, not of lattice- work, as in France, but of bamboo, hazel, and elm; whose bran- ches being interwoven at the top, formed an arch not at all dis- pleasing to the eye, and exceedingly useful,-during the heats of summer: and to render these cool retreats more agreeable, jess- amine scarlet beans, sweet-scented peas, granadillas ofseveral sorts nasturtiums, the convolvus major, and many otherkinds of clim- bers, were planted round the outside; forcing their way through, euriched the sides and arches of the walks in a very beautiful manner, I have likewise seen, in Chinese plantations, walks bord- ered with the cut yew and elm hedges, so common in most coun- tries of Europe, which the Chinese Artists sometimes admit of, for variety’s sake ; but they never have the stiff appearance of our European ones: the shears are used sparingly ; towards the top the branches are suffered to spread unmolested ; and evenin the cut parts of them are seen large masses of other plants forcing their way through; such as the sycamore, the fig, the vine, and others, whose foliage and verdure are most opposite to those of the hedge. The dimensions both of their straight roads and walks, vary according to the purposes they are designed for; and, in some degree too, according to their length. Roads or avenues to considerable objects, are, as has been observed, generally com- posed of three parallel walks: that in the middle being from thirty to one hundred and fifty, or even two hundred feet wide ; those on the sides, from fifteen to forty. In their Gardens the prin- cipal straight walks are never narrower than twenty feet; and seldom broader than forty-five or fifty: and the smallest are at least twelve feet wide. ‘Thirty to thirty-six feet is called a suffi- cient width for a length of two hundred yards ; forty to fifty for one of four hundred; sixty for one of six hundred ; and seventy 156 ON CHINESE GARDENS. foralength of eight hundred yards: and when the extent is more than this last dimension, they do not tie themselves up to any proportion, but encrease their width as much as they conveniently can; never, however, exceeding one hundred and fifty, to two hundred feet; which they think the utmost width that can be given without rendering the avenue disproportionate to the trees that border it In the construction of roads and walks, the Chinese Gardeners are very expert, and very circumspect; they never situate them at the foot of mountains or rising grounds, without contriving drains to receive the waters descending from the heights, which are afterwards discharged by arched gulleys under the roads, into the plains below; forming, in the rainy season, a great number of cascades, that increase the beauty of the scenery. The roads which are designed for carriages, they make as level as possible ; giving them a solid bottom, and shaping them so as to throw off the rain-waters expeditiously : they use, as much as possible, the nearest materials, to save expence ; and are very judicious in em- ploying different soils to form mixtures, which never become either hard or slippery ; never loose in dry weather, nor deep in wet ; not easily ground into powder; nor ever forming a rough flinty surface, difficult and painful for horses to move upon. Their walks are either of grass, of gravel, or chippings of stone covered with asmall quantity of coarseriver-sand. The first sort, which are seldom used but in private Gardens, they being too lia- ble to be spoiled in public walks, are made of the finest and cleanest turf that can be found on downs and commons ; and they are kept in order, by frequent mowing, and rolling with large iron rollers. The second sort are made of binding gravel, laid about six inches deep, upon the natural ground: if it be dry, or if swampy, upon brick rubbish, flint stones, or any other hard mate- rials, easiest to be had: and these are also kept firm, and in great beauty, by being frequently rolled. ‘Those of stone are composed of gallets, laid about a foot thick, rammed to a firm consistence, and a regular surface ; upon which is put a sufficient quantity of river-sand, to fill up all the interstices, this done, the whole is moistened, and well rammed again. Both in their roads and walks, they are very careful to contrive sink-stones, with proper drains and cess-pools for carrying off the waters, after violent rains ; and to those thatare upon descents, ON CHINESE GARDENS. 157 they never give more fall at the most than half an inch to every foot, to prevent them being damaged by the current of the rain- waters, As China, even in the northern provinces, is exceedingly hot during summer, much water is employed in their Gardens. In the small ones, where the situation admits, they frequently lay the greatest part of the ground under water, leaving only some islands and rocks; and in their large compositions, every valley has its brook or rivulet, winding round the feet of the hills, and discharging themselves into larger rivers and lakes. Their artists assert, that no Garden, particularly if it be extensive, can be perfect, without that element, distributed in many shapes : saying, that it is refreshing and grateful to the sense, in the seasons when rural scenes are most frequented ; that it is a principal source of variety from the diversity of forms and changes of whichit is susceptible ; and from the different manners in which it may be combined with other objects ; that its impressions are numerous, and uncommonly forcible ; and that, by various modifications, it enables the artist to strengthen the character of every composition ; to encrease the tranquillity of the quiet scene ; to give gloom to the melancholy, gaiety tothe pleasing, sublimity to the great, and horror to the terrible. They observe, that the different aquatic sports of rowing, sailing swimming, fishing, hunting and combating, are an inexhaustible, fund of amusement ; that the birds and fishes, inhabitants of the water, are highly entertaining, especially to naturalists ; and that the boats or vessels which appear upon its bosom, sometimes furiously impelled by tempests, at others gently gliding over’the smooth surface, form, by their combinations, a thousand momen- tary varied pictures that animate and embellish every prospect. They compare a clear lake, in a calm sunny day, to a rich piece of painting, upon which the circumambient objects are represented in the highest perfection: and say, it is like an aperture in the world, through which you see another world, another sun, and other skies. ; They also remark, that the beauty of vegetable nature depends, ina great degree, upon an abundant supply of water ; which, at the same time that it produces variety andcontrast in the scenery, enriches the verdire of the lawns, and gives health and vigor to the plantations. 158 REVIEW. ’ Their lakes are made as large as the ground will admit ; some several miles in circumference : and they are so shaped, that from no single point of view all their terminations can be seen ; so that the spectator is always kept in ignorance of their extent. They intersperse in them many islands ; which serve to give intricacy tothe form, to conceal the bounds, and to enrich the scenery. (To be Continued.) REVIEW. The Amateur Florist’s Assistant in the selection and cultivation of Popular Annuals; to which is added a descriptive cata- logue of the more interesting tender Perennials used in decorating the Parterre, and a copious list of European Ornamental Alpine Plants.—By Grorce W1itLmorT, 12mo., p.p- 76. This is an exceedingly neat little work, and to persons desirous of information on the ornamental flowering annuals, it will be found interesting and useful. The author deserves the thanks and encouragement of the Florist for his efforts ; this will en- courage him to give a little more practical information on the culture of some of the kinds treated upon in the present publica- tion. In the Preface the author observes that ‘‘the professional gardener and practical floriculturist are alike cautioned against expecting much more information from the following pages than, it is presumed, they already possess. The intentions of the author are more humble ; but he, fondly trusts, his exertions will not prove the less useful, his principal aim being to convey, in a comprehensive and cheap form, such a portion of that knowledge those already possess, as will enable the villa proprietor, cottager, and small garden occupier, to cultivate for their own recreation the Popular Annuals—a tribe of flowers, surpassed by no others in the vegetable kingdom, for fragrance, diversity of form, or beauty and variety of coloring—properties which are enhanced by the facility with which they may be grown, and the speedy return they yield to the careful cultivator; for while they may be procured for a trifling amount, they at the same time require less attention than their more permanent congenitors ; and instead of waiting seasons, the owner is rewarded for the little requisite at- : | REVIEW. 150 tention bestowed on them in a few weeks, a period not only short, but rendered still more so by the pleasure experienced in daily beholding and contemplating their rapid progress, from the time their embryo leaves first appear, to that stage of existence when the profusion and loveliness of their bloom is sufficient to arrest the attention, and call forth the admiration of the most careless observer of nature’s beauties. From those resident in and near large towns, the Annual Flow- ers have a double claim to attention; for, while they in summer serve to cover the small street-door parterre, and garnish the window-box and flower-pot with the most choice embellishments of the flower-garden, in winter the management necessary for perennials, is dispensed with, which in such localities, is peculiarly unpleasant, and the gloomy association of ideas is avoided, con-. sequent on daily beholding, in the herbaceous tuft of sickly leaves or withered flower-stalks, and the foliage-strip branches of the decidious, or the smoke-blackened leaves of the evergreen shrub, the decay of what once charmed the eye of the beholder. In addition to the Annual flowers, strictly so called, ‘‘ which bloom and die in one short summer’s space,” there is another class of plants which annually compensate, by the beauty and de- licacy of their bloom, the care necessarily bestowed on them by those who have in their gardens a small hot-bed frame or green- house, in propagating them in autumn, preserving them through winter, and re-transplanting them in May —again to embellish the flower-beds with borrowed brilliancy of warmer climes and clearer skies. ‘To assist in the selection of these, the author has added a descriptive catalogue of the more interesting Tender Perennials used in decorating the parterre; and in conclusion, he has appended a copious list of the Ornamental European Alpine Plants, the smaller of which may be grown in pots, and protected during winter under glass, in what is usually termed a cold frame; while the taller and more vigorous may be grown in the open flower-border or verge of the shrubbery. Culture of Annuals. \n the course of the work the author has endeavoured to give directions for the culture of such as require any particular mode of treatment; in addition to which he considers the following general observations necessary for the guidance of the less experienced amateur. The most natural period of sowing Annuals is in the latter end _ of autumn, when they, as well as most other plants, burst from their capsules, and distribute the sceds in various ways; there- fore, those that are natives of this country, or similar climates, may in part be sown at that period, for forming an early bloom in the ‘following summer, to be succeeded by the part reserved for spring sowing, which is the period most usually devoted to that purpose from the end of February to the beginning of May flower-seeds may be sown, whenever the weather is favourable, and the ground in a proper state for that purpose ; reserving the more tender sorts till about the middle of April. 160 : REVIEW. The depth of soil used as covering for the seeds, should, in all cases, be apportioned to their size, for instance, Lupins, Sweet Peas, and similar large seeds, should be buried two or three inches under the surface ; while Prince’s Feather, Mimulus, Pop- py, Tobacco, &c., of which the seeds are very small, should not be covered by more than a small layer of earth. It should further be kept in view, that seeds generally, and in particular those of a small size, vegetate more freely in a light than in a heavy and tenaceous soil; therefore, in cases when the former does not naturally exist, cultivators will find their additional toil amply repaid by procuring and only using light soil for covering the flower seeds. The manners of sowing vary according to the taste of the operator: the practice formerly adopted, and still often followed by gardeners and others, is to form with the fingers, in the pre- vious prepared ground, a circle from one-half to three feet in diameter, and of the proper depth, in which the seeds were deposited, and the earth again returned ; the whole being gene- rally finished by clapping the surface gently with the back of a spade, or pressing the earth lightly with the foot, to assist in keeping out the drought; of course the same practice of forming the reservoir for the seeds may be adopted whether the figure is intended to be a circle, a square, or any other form. Some fanciful growers form the letters of their name, outlines of animals, &c. in their flower beds, generally choosing for such purpose plants as possess dwarf or compact habit of growth. The young Annuals, as well as other plants, when coming above ground, are liable to be destroyed by slugs and various insects, as well as injured, particularly the less hardy sorts, by the night frosts ; to prevent which, various methods are recommended and practised. In small gardens a very excellent plan is to sow the seeds in circles, not more than six inches in diameter, and in- verting a flower-pot; when the young plants appear above ground, the flower-pot should be gently raised on one side by means of a small wedge or stone, which should always be removed in the evening, the operator taking care to lift it to see that no enemies are enclosed. ‘he flower-pot answers the double purpose of protecting the young plants, and of retaining the moisture about them until they acquire sufficient strength to resist all such injuries. Lime water, applied at any time, proves destructive to slugs, but if sprinkled on the leaves during dry weather or hot sun, it will injure them; therefore, that expedient should only be resorted to in the evenings or during damp weather, when they have left their retreats. A sprinkling of quick-lime in the same manner is productive of the same effect, but always produces a disagreeable and unsightly appearance.” (To be continued.) NEW AND RARE PLANTS. 161 PART: FE: NEW OR RABE PLANTS. (Noticed since our last.) HOYA CORIACEA. Thick-leaved Hoya. (Bot Reg. ASCLEPIADACE®. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 1. A scarce plant, reqniring the temperature of the stove, and to be grown on the tranks of trees. Those of our readers unacquainted with the genus will, perhaps, understand us better by saying, that this is a sort of honey plant, familiar to most persons, with its waxey white flowers, and often grown in windows. The Hoya coriacea appears to bea thicker foliaged plant, stronger in its stem, and perhaps less inclined to become a twiner or creep- er than the common honey plant. This new Hoya flowered for the first time in this country in the stoves ot Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney. It ia a native of Manilla, and was sent home by Mr. Cunningham. Its flowering season is August. ARISTOLOCHIA HYPERBOREA, Northern Birthwort. (Pax. Mag. ARISTOLOCHIACEZ. GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA. 2. This is a curious and beautiful plant, supposed to be a native of the northern district of India. In this country it requires the temperature of the stove. ‘It has been cultivated for some time in the collection of Mr. Knight, of the King’s Road, Chelsea, where it flowered during the past year. It is a twiner, running to a considerable length, the foliage, heart-shaped, and the flowers somewhat resemble the singular form of the pitcher plant, but having a long and curiously formed lip, are of a yellow and brown co- lour. We haye known several species of this genus requiring the tem- perature, of the stove, but have always found them exceedingly difficult to bloom. GALACTODENDEBON. UTILE. Palo de Vaca ; or Cow Tree of the Carac- cas. (Bot. Mag. URTICER. 3. M. de Humboldt was the first to bring the Cow Tree of Caraccas, into notice. ‘* We returned,” he says, in his valuable Work, ‘* from Porto Ca- bello to the valley of Aragua, stopping at the plantation of Barbula, through which the new road to Valencia is to pass. For many weeks, we had heard a great deal of a tree, whose juice is a nourishing milk. The tree itself is called the Cow Tree, and we were assured that the negroes on the farm, who are inthe habit of drinking large quantities of this yegetable milk, con- sider it as highly nutritive ; an assertion which startled us the more, as al- most all lactescent vegetable fluids are acrid, bitter, or more or less poison- ous. Experience, however, proved to us during our residence at Barbula, that the virtues of the Cow Tree, or Palo de Vaca, have not been exugge- rated. This fine tree bears the general aspect of the Star-Apple Tree; its oblong painted, coriaceous, and alternate leaves are about ten inches long, and marked with lateral nerves, that are parallel, and project beneath. The flower we had no opportunity of seeing; the fruit is somewhat fleshy, and contains one or two kernels, Incisions, made in the trunk of the tree, Vor, VII. No, 77, U 162 NEW AND RARE PLANTS. are followed by a profuse flow of gluey and thickish milk, destitute of acri- dity, and exhaling a very agreeable balsamic odour. It was offered to us in calabashes, and though we drank large quanties of it, both at night and be- fore going to bed and again early in the morniug, we experienced no un- comfortable effects. The viscidity of this milk alone renders it rather un- pleasant to those who are unaccustomed to it. “ The negroes and free people, who work in the plantations, use it, by soaking bread in it made from maize, maniac, aropa, and‘cassava; and the superintendant of the farm assured us, that the slaves become visibly fatter during the season when the Palo de Vaca yields most milk. When exposed to the air, this flaid displays on its surface, probably by the absorption of the atmospheric oxygen, membranes of a highly animal nature, yellowish and thready like those of cheese; which, when separated from the more watery liquid, are nearly as elastic as those of caoutchouc, but in process of time exhibit the same tendency to putrefaction as gelatine. The people give the name of cheese to the curd which thus separates when brought into contact with the air, and say that a space of five or six days suffices to turn it sour, as I found to be the case in some small quantities that I brought to New Valencia. The milk itself kept in a corked bottle, had deposited a small portion of coagulum, and far from becoming fetid, continued to ex- hale a balsamic scent. When mingled with cold water, the fleshy fluid co- agulated with difficulty ; but contact with nitric acid produced the separa- tion of the viscous membranes. “* Town that among the great number of curious phenomena which offer- ed themselves to my notice during my travels, there was hardly one which struck my imagination so strongly as the sight of the Cow Tree. Every thing which relates to milk—all which regards the Cerealia, inspires us with interest, which relates not solely to the physical knowledge of things but seems to be allied to another order of ideas and feelings. We can hardly suppose that the human race could exist extensively without some farnaceous substances, any more than the protracted weakness of the hu- man, nursling can be supported without the nutritive fluid of its mother’s breast; and to this conviction is attributable the religious kind of reverence with which the amylaceous matter of the Cerealia has been regarded hy people both in ancient and modern times, as also the feelings with which we gazed upon the stately tree that I have now described. Neither the noble shadowy forests, nor the majestic current of rivers, nor the mountains hoary with sempiterernal snows.—none of these wonders of tropical regions, so rivetted my gaze as did this tree, growing on the sides of rocks, its thick roots scarcely penetrating the stony soil and unmoistened during many months of the year by a drop of dew or rain. But dry and dead as the branches appear, if you pierce the trunk, a sweet and nutritive milk flows forth, which is in greatest profusion at day-break. At this time, the blacks and other natives of the neighbourhood hasten from all quarters, furnished with Jarge jugs tocatch the milk, which thickens and turns yellow on the surface. Some drink it on the spot, others carry it home to their children ; and you might fancy you saw the family of a cow-herd gathering around him and receiving from him the produce of his ‘ kine,” Incited by this interesting narrative, by the chemical. Sir Robert Ker Porter's drawing was acompanied by well dried specimens of the foliage, and by the following interesting particulars in a letter, dated Caraccas, Juue8, 1837. Thad the pleasure of acknowledging the receipt of your letter of August (1836) on the 16th of the following November ; but from great occupation inmy official business, I had not a single day to spare that might enable me to satisfy yourself, and two or three other lovers of botany, relative to the Milk Tree. I have, however, made an excursion into the mountains, some fifty miles distant from this city.( about three leagues from the coast,( not farfrom the town of Coriacco, and after extreme pedes- trian labour up the steep forest-covered face of the mountain, reached the spot where the Palo de Vaca grows, I assure you that the sight of this NEW AND RARE PLANTS. 163 extraordinary tree fully repaid me for the fatigue and severe wetting I expe- rienced. The close of last month was the period of my visit ; but unfortu- nately, it did not prove that either of its flowering or fruit ; however, I have sent you a bottle of the milk! some specimens of the leaves ( as well preserved as circumstances would permit ;) a piece of the bark, anda sketch copied from that which I took atthetime. 1 should think the elevation above the level of the sea where this tree grows, cannot be less than four thousand feet, and the temperature at eight o’ clock under its spreading branches was 70 degrees Fahr, The forest was so densely thick and untravelled, that the people who accompanied us were obliged, at almost every step, to cut away for us through it with their sword-like knives, while the excessive steepness and slippery state of the mountain rendered our advance both tedious and dangerous. However, after a couple of toiling days, we reached the group of sought-for trees, surrounded in all directions by others no less wonderful to look upon than themselves. ‘The natives lost no time in making a deep incision into the bark of one, down to the very wood, from which burst forth the Milk, white and limpid as that of the cow, sweet to the palate and accompanied by an aromatic smell, but leaving a strong clammyness on the lips, and upon the tongue, aslight bitter. In a quarter of an hour, we filled two bottles with the produce of a couple of trees ; for as our visit happened to be made during the wane of the moon instead of its increase the lacteal fluid did not flow so freely as it is. said to do when drawn during the latter- - named stage. “© The trunk of the Palo de Vaca from which the drawing was made, measured somewhat more than twenty feet in circumference at about five leet from the reot. This colossal stem ran up to a height of sixty feet, perfect- ly uninterrupted by either leaf or branch ; when its vast arms and minor branches, most luxuriantly clothed with foliage, spread off every side, fully twenty-five or thirty feet from the trunk, and rising to an additional eleva- tion of forty feet, so that this stupendous tree was quite a hundred feet high in all. 1 saw others still larger: but the state of the weather drove us from our position. The leaves, when in a fresh state, are of a deep dark and polished green, nearly resembling those of the Laurel tribe, trom ten to sixteen inches long, and two or three inches wide, The specimens sent, will enable you to form a botanica! description of the foliage, as the portion of bark will do of that part of the tree; the wood, forming the body of the trunk, is white, very close-grained and hard, resembiing the box-wood of Europe. The soil which these trees inhabit is dark and rich, and must be damp or very wet all the year round. “ | have been promised by one of the Indians who accompanied we that he would keep a look out for the fruit of the tree and send me some, when I shall have the satisfaction of forwarding a few specimens to you. But, with regard to the flower, or the flowering season of the?tree, I have made enquir- ies over and over again, from persons who reside in the vicinity of other trees of the kind, in different parts of Venezuela; but they tell me that no one ever saw or heard of the Cow Tree flowering The imaginary statement of the tree not flowering may be accounted for by the nature of the blossoms, being in all likelihood small and inconspicuous, as in so many of the Urticeze, to which Nat. Order it is probably correctly referred: though whether it be a true Brosimum as Mr. Don is inclined to suppose, or a new Genus, as Humboldt has suggested, must yet remain a doubt. The leaves are large and handsome, and of a rich and somewhat velvety green hue. The fruit had the outer coat so much broken, that | will not venture to describe what is as faithfully represented as the nature of the specimens would allow. The bark of the larger branches is sin- gularly yellow, as shown in our figure. 164 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. PART III. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. QUERIES. On Funat.—In lately reading one of your Numbers, I find avery praise- worthy and instructive Essay, communicated"by “ A Botanist,” but there is one part of it with which I cannot coincide, namely, that which treats of the Jower order of Fungi and Lichens being reproduced by sporules only, The subject, as he says, is involved in nes but 1 think he is explaining this mysterious affair too highly, 1, like himself, formerly believed there was no spontaneous production, but that vegetation from the highest order, down to the lowest, was reproduced from seeds or sporules only. About twelve months ago having occasion to look over some apples which had been pre- served all winter, I found one amongst them that was decayed on one side, but perfectly whole, that is, the rind was not broken or punctured in any way. 1] accidentally broke it in two parts, and to my surprise, found grow- ing in the centre, upon the core, a very pretty blue Fungus; this threw im- mediately a check upon my former belief, l instantly closed it to examine if there was any aperture whereby the sporules might have entered, but nothing of the kind could,I see; I further examined it to find any spawn which might have penetrated through its substance, but this was also wanting ; I was perfect in my examination, for in breaking it J did not crush it, but broke it clearly into two parts. Now for the question, how came the Fungus there? It must certainly be from spontaneous production, or the sporules must have entered with the farina by the stigma through the style and into the germen when the fruit was in embryo, which, I think, is not at all a plausible way of explaining the mystery. CryPptTas, On priced Lists or FLowers.—You would very much oblige a great admirer of your excellent periodical if you would insert an Essay on the art of propagating plants of all sorts by cuttings. It would embrace the theory of the operation, the modes whether under glass, in pots, or otherwise of effecting it, as well as the best season of the year at which it may be exe- cuted on different genera, species, and varieties of plants. We have many essays onthe art of grafting, but 1 know of none in which the art of making cuttings is fully treated. A list of the best varieties of Florists’ Flowers, including Pinks, Wall- flowers, Stocks, Campanulas, Tulips, Anemones, Ranunculas, &c. Sc. of good quality, but not so new as to be very expensive, would, if accompa- nied by alist of prices, be a very nice present tor the spring. I always look to the advertisements in your book with great curiosity, but am sorry to see them so much confined to Dahlias, surely a priced list of the other beauties of the garden, though, perhaps, rather old fashioned, ° would be acceptable. ALS: REMARKS. LONDON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY S EXHIBITION. The first exhibition of this Society, for this season, took place at their Gardens at Chiswick, May the 18th. |The day was beautiful, and the atten- dance was as numerous and fashionable asit usually is at the corresponding MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, 165 - season of the year. Perhaps the number of persons present was about 3, 000. Amongst other individuals of distinction we observed his Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Russia and suite, Prince Meskexikey, the Duke of Cambridge, the Earl of Bradford, the Earl of Lovelace, Earl Talbot, Lord Sondes, Lord Morpeth, the Countess de Salis, the Countess of Lichtield, &c. &c. ‘Ihe show of flowers was very good ‘considering the earliness of the season. The fol- lowing was the distribution of the prizes:— PELARGONIUMS, Gold Banksian.—Mr. Gaines, Battersea. Gold Bankeian.—Mr, Cock, Chiswick. Large Silver.— Mr. Hunt, gardener to Miss Trail. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Pratt, gardener, to Mr. Harrison. Large Silver.—Messrs. Colley and Hill. HERBACEOUS CALCECOLARIAS Large Silver.—A. Foster, Esq., Clewer. Silver Knightian.—Mr, Catleugh, Sloane-street. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Green, gardener to Sir E. Antrobus. SHRUBBY CALCEOLARIAS. Large Silver.—Mr. Green, gardener to Sir E. Antrobusa LARGE COLLECTION OF STOVE AND GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Gold Knightian.—Mr, Green. Gold Banksian.—Mrs. Lawson. Gold Banksian.—Mr, Redding. Large Silver.—Mr. Jackson, nurseryman, Kingston. SMALL COLLECTION OF STOVE AND) GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Gold Banksian.—Mr. Bannon, gardener to Sir J. Lloyd. Large Silver.—Mr. Pratt, gardener to W. Harrison, Esq. Silver Knightian —Mr. Upright, gardener to C. G. Ridge, Esq. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Dawson, gardener to W. Leaf, Esq. CAPE HEATHS. Gold Banksian.—Mr. Barnes, gardener to G. W. Norman, Esq. Large Silver.—Mr, Lawrence. Large Silver.—Mr. Pratt. Gold Ranksian.—Mr. Pamplin, nurseryman, Hornsey-road. Large Silver.—Mr. Jackson, Kingston. Silver Knightian.—Messrs. Rollinson, Tooting. Silver Knightian.—Messrs. Fairbairns, Clapham. CUCUMBERS. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Barnes, gardener to Sir H. Jenner. GRAPES. Large Silver.—Mr. Davis, gardener to Sir Simon Clarke. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Chapman, Vauxhall. PINE APPLES. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Davis, gardener to Sir S. Clarke. GREENHOUSE AZALEAS. Gold Banksian,—Mr. W. Smith, Norbiton. Large Silver.—Mr. Falconer, gardener to A. Palmer, Esq. MELON SHAPED CACTI. Silver Knightian.—Mr, Pratt, gardener to A. Harris, Esq. TALL CACTI. Large Silver.—Mr. Green. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Falconer. ROSES. Large Silver.—Messrs, Lane and Co., Berkhampstead. COLLECTIONS OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS. Gold Knightian—Mr. Mylan, gardener to S. Rucker. Large Silver.—Messrs. Rollinson and Co., Tooting. SINGLE ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS. Large Silver.—Mr, J. Bruce, Large Silver.—Messrs, Pince and Co., Ocidium Pictum, , 166 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Large Silver.—Messrs. Pince and Co., Cephalotus follicularis. Large Silver.—Messrs. Pince and Co., Erica Elegans. Large Silver.—Messrs. Vetch, Chorizema Varium. Silver Knightian.—Messrs. Rollinson, Oncidium divaricatum. Silver Banksian.— Ditto Ditto, Cattley forbesii. Silver Knightian.—Mr.Dunsford, Doryanthas excelsa. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Pratt, Rhododendron species, Silver Knightian.— Mr. Lane, Azalea Indica Variegata. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Douglas, Zetopia Specissima, 1 Silver Banksian 1.—Mr. G. Mills, Clematis Sieboldi. Silver Banksian,z.—Mr. G. Mills, Auzurea grandiflora. Silver Banksian 3.—Mr. G. Mills, Fuchsia fulgens. Silver Bahksian.—Mr. Redding, Tropceolum tricolorum. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Lane, seedling Amaryllis. Silver Knightian.—Mr. Mills, Hydrangeas. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Henderson, Cineraris. Silver Knightian.—Mrs. Lawrence, Thunbergia Newtoneyana. Silver Knightian.—Messrs. Vetch, Azalea Indica Plena Rubra. Silver Banksian.—Mr. Lane, Laleritia. Silver Banksian,—Mr. Halley, Poenia Arborea Victoria. Silver Banksian.—Messrs. Pince and Co., Rhododendron Victoria. The show of greenhouse and other rare plants were very numerous and especially fine; there were many specimens exhibiting very considerable skill in their culture, and reflected great credit on the parties who super- intended their management. The plants very far exceeded all that we ever saw at any exhibition in the country, and were well worth the coming a few hundred miles to see. z We had not time to take down the names of every specimen, as the pres- sure of spectators was generally so great, as to preclade our standing long enough to enable us to do it, but among the many novelties and beauties, we noted down the following :— Pelargoniums—The entire lot exhibited were of superior growth, each person exhibited twelve plants, and duly to appreciate the excellence of the specimens can only be done by seeing them. The winning specimens were fine in the extreme. They were plants strack in the autumn 1837, and now formed bushes about two foot and a half high, and three in diameter over the heads clothed in most vigorous foliage quite down to the edge of the pot on every side, so that not a stem could be seen, and these well- grown plants were profusely clothed with flowers of extraordinary size and beauty. The method of management we will give ina subsequent num- ber. The first twelve we noticed was that of Mr. Gaines of Battersea, who had the gold medal awarded for them, and to which he was justly entitled. They consisted of the following kinds. Criterion, Gaines’s King, Gaines’s Conqueror, Magnet, Pictum, Gauntlett, Lady Dillon, Dennis's Perfection, Lord Byron, Lady Denbigh, and Duchess of Roxburgh. Those of Messrs. Colley and Hill, were the following ;—])iadem, Louis — Phillippe, Climax, Duchess of Sutherland, Pictum, Hericartianum, Maid of — Athens, Fosteri Rosea, Gem, Beauty of Ware, Dennis's Perfection, Lady — Mary. : . ; : There were fine specimens of the following new or rare plants, viz. Indian Azaleas.—Smith’s Triumphans, fine rose, upper part crimson and spotted, fine formed flower. i! Ditto. Smith’s Grandiflora nove, rosy purple, a very large flower. Ditto. Smith’s Bella, fine pink. a Ditto. sari Cocciaea superba, scarlet, upper part tinged with purple, fine — ower. Ditto. Smith's Seedling, very fine purple and pink, MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 167 _ Ditto. Speciosissima, rosy-crimson, slightly spotted, plant eight feet high, in profuse bloom. Ditto. Speciosa, pink. _ Ditto. Rubra plena, a double flower of a fine light-red colour, from Mr. Veitch, Exeter. Ditto. Purpurea splendens, a fine bright purple flower, from A. Palmer, Esq., a very striking variety. Ditto. Monstrosum, (Smith’s) lilac tinged with purple, a very large flower. Azalea rubra. A plant in profuse bloom, twelve feet high. Ditto variegata. Centre of flower flesh colour, with an edge of white, by J.H. Palmer, Esq. Ditto sinensis. A plant six feet high, clothed with its deep golden yellow flowers, by Mr. A. Stewart, Salthill. é Rhododendron hyacinthiflora. Purple flower nearly double, Ditto. Multi-maculata, (Smith’s) white, upper petals, slightly tinged with blush, and spotted with dark brown. Thunbergia Hawtoneyana. Blue, having a white centre, with the throat streaked with yellow. Lobelia ramosa. Four feet high, with numerous branches in profuse bloom, deep blue flowers, yellow spot at centre, about one inch across. oo emen rosemarinifolia. With narrow leaves and fine rose-coloured owers. Chorizema spartoides. With narrow leaves, but not yet bloomed. Pimelea incana. The foliage has a silvery appearance, being densely clothed with hair. The flowers are terminal heads, white, PeLarconiums.— Descriptions of the most superior kinds of Pelargoniums now in cultivation, as recently seen in the metropolitan nurseries : Phosphorus, rosy purple, round and large petals. Louis d’elyte, fine large rose, large dark spot on upper petal. Louis Quartoize, white, with very large dark crimson purple spot, very superior. King, (Gaines’s) very beautiful rosy crimson, lighter towards the centre, the form of the flower is very perfect and large. Lady Dillon, upper petals rose, lower lilac, large flower. ' Bellissima, white, with large dark crimson spot, no streaks upon the ower. Duchess of Roxborough, very fine rose, with large dark spot, a large and superior flower. Fosterii Rosea, with large dark spot, a large flower of very fine form. Fanuus, lower petals a rosy pink, upper ones crimson with dark spot, a fine flower. Sir John Sebright, lilac, with very large dark crimson velvet spot, a fine flower. Chefe d’ceuvre, white with large reddish spot. Bleda, fine rosy crimson, with large crimson spot, large flower. Perfection, (Garth’s,) lower petals, flesh colour, upper ones rose with dark spot, a fine formed large flower. Touchstone, fine scarlet, about the size and form of the well known Daveyanum. Rose Eclatante, lower petals rosy purple, upper ones, rosy crimson, with a large dark spot. Mrs. Norcliffe, white, with large dark crimson spot. ; Gauntlett, lower petals light crimson, upper ones fine scarlet crimson, alarge flower. | Criterion, white, with large dark spot, fine flower. | Lord Byron. rosy purple, with large dark spot, very fine formed flower. | Pictam, white, large spot, and upper petals streaked. | Aletia, white, tinged with blush, rosy crimson spot. | Colossus, lower petals rose, upper ones crimson with dark spot, good formed flower. i 168 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Climax, lower petals rose, upper ones bright rose with dark spot. Conqueror, rosy purple with large dark spot, large and fine flower. Maid of Athens, lower petals pink, upper ones fine rose with large dark spot. (To be continued.) REFERENCE TO PLATE. Hovea FUNGENS.—This very beautiful flowering species we saw in bloom at Messrs. Rollisson’s of Tooting, and they have informed us it had been received by them ¢rom Baron Hagel of Vienna. It is a native of South Aus- tralia, and is a most charming addition to our greenhouse plants. All the species delight in a very free drainage, light and airy situation, and to be grown in acompost of loam and sandy peat. The present species appears to be of amore bushy habit than any other of its family, but blooming so profusely, renders it very showy. ConvoLvuLus PENTANTHUS.—This is a peculiarly neat and pretty flow- ering climber, we saw it in profuse bloom at Mr. Groom’s, in his plant stove, and at the [Hammersmith Nursery, in the plant stove. It appears, however, that it would do well in a greenhouse or conservatory during summer, but of course would bloom a little later than in the stove. The plant grows very rapid and blooms for several months very profusely. We procured a number of plants a few weeks back, and found it flourish with the green- house, treatment so far. Ampuicome aRGuUTA.—We procured several of this very handsome flowering lant some time back, and consider it one of the best additions in new plants that have recently been introduced, Seeds of it were sent by Dr. Royle to the London Hort. Society, they had been collected on the Himal- ayah mountains. The plant has been distributed extensively by the Society. The plant is of a very pretty habit in its growth and foliage, and blooms very freely. It has been usually grown, since its introduction, in the green- house, but,it is considered to be hardy, growing near a yard high, and blooming freely in the open ground during summer. The plant is an her- baceous perennial, and deserves a place in every greenhouse or flower border. Cuorizema RuSCIFOLIA.—This very pretty flowering species has recently been introduced into this country by Mr. Groom, of Walworth. We saw it in bloom this spring; it is a very pretty species, and well deserves a place in every collection. In habit and flower it approaches nearest to Chorizema Dickinsonii; it is of a dwarfish habit, and blooms at the extrem- ity of every strong shoot. RuopopennRon OsBorNit.—This very fine flowering Rhododendron has been raised in the nursery of Messrs. Osborn & Co,, Fulham, near London. We saw its splendid bloom in May, and consider it yety far to exeed all others of its clase in this country. It deserves to be in every collection, but — we suppose it will not be sent out before the next season, Whenready for — sale, it will be announced. FLORICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR JUNE, Take up the remaining tuberous root, such as Anemone and Ranunculus finishing by the end of the first week; fill up their places and any vacancies that have occured, with annuals from the reserve ground. Propagate her- baceous and other plants that have gone out of flower, by means of cuttings and slips; also roses and American shrubs, by laying, budding, or cuttings. j THE FLORICULTURAL CABINET, AUGUST Ist, 1839. PART I, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS, —— ~~ ARTICLE I. ON THE PLEASURE AND PROFIT ARISING FROM ee PLANTS AND FLOWERS. EY MR. W. WOODMANSEY, HARPHAM, NEAR BRIDLINGTON, YORKSHIRE. It was a saying of the celebrated Sterne, ‘‘that most people have their hobby- horses ;” the literal meaning of which I take to be, that most people have their favorite pursuits, or amusements ; and so long as these pursuits or amusements, are compatible with our duty to God as Christians, and militate not against the welfare of our fellow. men; so far are they innocent, rational, and profitable. Among all the various amusements which this fasci- nating world holds out, I think none is more innocent, more rational, or more profitable, than the cultivation of flowers: those beautifw) gems with which our divine Creator has. studded our meadows, and kindly furnished to beautify our gardens; whose brilliant colors vie with the rainbow, and infinitely surpass the most costly tints, and whose balmy fragrance scents the surround- ing atmosphere with perfumes more agreeable than the spices of Arabia! Who can behold their exquisite symmetry ?_ Who can admire their diversified yet splendid colors? Or, who can feast his senses on the aromatic sweets which emanate from their beautiful blooms, without feeling a sort of sacred pleasure stealing imperceptibly into his very soul, and leading its finest feelings willing captives to their inimitable charms? It is said, and very truly too, that the study of Astronomy, that sublime science, which.teaches the various revolutions of those Vou, VII. No, 78. W 170 ON THE PLEASURE OF FLOWERS, &c, spheres which nightly bespangle the nocturnal heavens, is ad- mirably calculated to lead the mind from Nature up to Nature’s God. And if the contemplation of those luminaries, placed as they are at such immeasureable distances; and which can act only upon the ocular nerves, has this tendency ; how much more ought the beauties of Flora, producing as they do, a threefold evidence on the senses? Yes— The blushing tint, the crimson streak, The powers of heavenly wisdom speak ; And all their balmy fragrance join, To show their Author is divine. In fact, there is not a blade of grass, or a wild flower that decks our lawns; but which is replete with instruction, and shows forth the handy-work of the great and glorious Creator of the Universe. “Not a tree, A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains A folio volume. We may read, and read, And read again, and still find something new— Something to please, and something to instruct E’en in the noisome weed,”’—Houropis. Solomon, the wisest man, was a great admirer of the beauties of the floral kingdom. And our blessed Redeemer expressly commands us to ‘‘ Consider the lilies of the field ;’’ and if, with an example like that of Solomon before us; and after receiving a command from our Saviour himself, we can still remain insen- sible to their charms—still refuse to contemplate their inimitable beauties, we must lack much of that spirit of refinement which purifies the grossness of depraved human nature, and makes man fit for the society of Heaven. é “The men Whom nature’s works can charm, with God himself Hold converse: grow familiar day by day, With his conceptions ; act upon his plan; And form to his, the relish of their souls.’—AKENSIDE. Among all the productions of the vegetable kingdom, there is not a single individual, but which has its uses ; even those very tribes which daily remind us of man’s awful fall, and the curse : | REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. 171 pronounced upor the earth for his sake; have in them properties of peculiar usefulness, and prove beneficial to the wants of man. —God hath made nothing in vain!—some are for use, others for ornament, and not a few, perhaps all, are possessed of medicinal properties. Properties! without which, life itself would be a burden; and which, if utterly deprived of, it would be utterly impossible for man to exist. Since then, there is such innocent amusement, such rational pleasure, and such mental improvement in the cultivation of plants, and flowers: and since it is so well calculated to enhance our spiritual interests; and render us more fitting for the society of beings of a higher order than ourselves, and especially for the society of our divine Maker. Let me, for one, disdain more ig- noble and trifling pursuits. Let me fly from the deluded votaries of mere sensual gratifications, and in “ The calm retreat! (Far from the noisy haunts of sordid men,) Where Flora trains her lovely offspring up, To captivate and charm! there let me muse! Surrounded by her rich and dazzling train, Till lost in ecstasy, my soul takes wing ; And soars from nature up to nature’s God ! There may I lie, wrapped in the flowery vest Of silent rapture, till my soul breaks forth, And in the language of the immortal bard, Who sung the fatal fall—transported cries, ‘These are thy glorious works, Parent of good! To us invisible, or dimly seen In there thy lowest works ; yet these declare Thy goodness beyond thought, and power divine !’ ” July, 1839. ARTICLE II. REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS, (Continued from page 154.) Tue ancients, who had great faith in balsamic scents, supposed therefore that the cypress improved the air by its transpiration ; and on which account, the eastern physicians sent all those who had pulmonic disorders to the Isle of Candia, where these trees 172 REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. abound ; and we are assured, that the aromatic smell of this ever- green was found to be a special for the lungs. It is clearly ascertained, that trees correct a putrid bad air. “It should, therefore, be our study to find out those that do it most powerfully ; and Having ourselves so often been revived and re- freshed by the natural perfumes of the garden and fields, we deem it worthy the labours of medical students, to learn how far aro- matic and balsamic scents may be good for those who are troubled with weak lungs. By whom the cypress tree was first introduced to England, and at what exact period, we are not able tolearn ; but it is probable, that we are indebted for this celebrated tree to some pious abbess or holy fathers of Sion Monastery, near Brentford, which is now~ become Northumberland’s ducal palace ; as Dr. Turner tells us, in his Herbal of 1568, “ it groweth right plenteously in the gardine of Sion.” Gerard notices, in 1597, ‘“ that it groweth likewise in diuers places of Englande, where it hath beene planted, as at Sion, a place near London, sometime a house of nunnes ; it groweth also at Greenwich, and at other places; and likewise at Hamp- steed, in the garden of Master Waide, one of the clarkes of hir maiesties privy-counsell.” Evelyn says, in 1664, ‘‘ the cypress tree was, but within a few years past, reputed so tender and nice a plant, that it was culti- vated withthe greatest care, and to be found only amongst the curious ;” whereas we see it now in every garden, rising to as goodly a bulk and stature as most which you shall find even in Italy itself. Forsuch I remember to have once seen in his late Majesty’s gardens at Theobalds, before that princely seat was demolished. The author of the Sylva strongly recommends the planting of this tree in England ; and of its hardiness he says, ‘* the March and April winds (in years 1663 and 1665), accompanied with cruel frosts and cold blasts, for the space of more than two months, night and day, did not, amongst near a thousand cypresses growing in my garden, kill above three or four, which, for being very late cut to the quick, (that is, the latter end of October), were raw of their wounds, took cold, and gangreened.” From this and other recommendations of Evelyn, we presume it became fashionable to cultivate the cypress, forin1706, when Lou- don and Wise published “The Retired Gardener,” they say, “cypress was formerly more in fashion than ’tis now ; for we see in some places whole alleys of it; but these trees being apt to take s | REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. 173 but one sort of figure, which is that ofa pyramid, and the yew tree and pieca being more proper for the variety of forms of which they “are susceptable, to adorn gardens, cypress has lately been neg- lected, and the other two trees been more planted.” Thus it is evident that the cypress was driven out of the garden by the shears, whose business it was to disfigure nature, by transforming ever- greens into urns, sugar loaves, extinguishers, and a thousand other whimsical devices, as suited the taste of the owner, or the ability of their gardeners, who have not been improperly called evergreen tailors. But the cypress may now safely return to its station in our plantations, since the shears have left the grove, and are now as busily employed in disfiguring the human shape, as they were formerly in mutilating vegetable beauties. There is no part of ornamental planting more difficult than the distribution of evergreen trees, which are either the most perma- nent beauties of the grove, or the most gloomy features, accord- ingly as they are dispersed. A plantation composed entirely of trees that are not deciduous, has an aspect so sombre, that the name of nevergreen may be more properly applied to them than that of evergreen ; yet they cheer our winter scenes most beau- tifully when happily blended with those deciduous trees, whose . colour and character assimilate best with them. But we are not admirers of that regularity and uniformity so often offensive to the eye in large plantations, where there is no deviation from the fir and the larch, unless where death has made a gap, when you are treated with a larch and fir through hill and dale to the end of the plantation. < The cypress seems admirably adapted to ornament those lawns which surround villas or lodges built in the Grecian style, and perhaps we have no tree that accords so well with stone or stuc- coed edifices as the cypress ; and even the temples of marble lose half their effect ifsurrounded by other buildings instead of being relieved by the foliage of trees.. At the present time, the burial hill of Pere-la-chaise, near Paris, forms a most interesting picture, asthe numerous and various formed monuments rise above the young arbores vite and cypresses, like a city of marble emerging from a forest, and from which, a friend observes, we may form a faint picture of the beautiful appearance of Constantinople from the Bosphorus; the hills on which that city stands being inter- mixed with white buildings and green foliage, which forms a spectacle not equalled in any other part of Europe. 174 REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. We have two varieties of the common cypress, sempervirens the upright and the spreading, which the ancients distinguished as male and female trees; but the botanist will know by the class in which these trees are placed, that they are androgynous plants, viz, having male and female flowers on the same root. It appears that the ancients did not consider the seed of a tree to be a fruit, unless it was eatable ; for Phocion, who was so celebrated in Athens for his private and public virtues, remarked to a young man who spoke with more vanity than good sense, ‘‘ Young man, thy discourse resembles the cypress; itis large and lofty, and bears no fruit.”? ‘What would this Athenian, whose virtues were as incorruptible as the cypress itself, say to some of our modern speeches and publications ? When we plant the cypress in the shrubbery, it should be cor- rectly ascertained if it is the spiral or the spreading variety; for the former requires but a small space, and should be placed behind those flowering shrubs whose extending branches require such an addition: whilst the spreading cypress may wave its mourn- ful branches over the daisy-pied lawn, or form a foreground to the pointed poplar. But it requires considerable ingenuity to place the cypress happily in our plantations ; for in most situations its dark and slender head adds a gloom rather than cheerfulness to the scene, particularly in autumnal evenings ; when either the sun leaves its last streak, or the rising moon sends a silvery stream of light down the dark foliage, which gives additional sombre to the shade, and a spectre-like appearance to the imagination of the gloomy mind. The spreading cypress is by far the largest growing tree, and is the most common timber in some parts of the Levant. This, if planted upon a warm, sandy, gravelly soil, will prosper won- derfully ; and though the plants of this sort are not so finely shaped as those of the first, yet they greatly recompense for that defect by their vigorous growth and strength, in resisting all weathers, This tree is very proper to intermix with evergreens ofa second size next to pines and firs, to form clumps, in which class it will keep pace with the trees of the same line, and be very handsome. Besides, the wood of this tree is very valuable, when grown to a size fit for planks, which I am convinced it will do in as short a space as oaks ; therefore, why should not this be cul- tivated for that purpose, since there are many places in England where the soil is of a sandy or gravelly nature, and seldom 1 4 J REMARKS ON THE CYPRESS. 175 produce any thing worthy cultivating? Now, in such places, these trees will thrive wonderfully, and greatly add to the pleasure of the owner while growing, and afterwards render as much profit to his successors, as perhaps the best plantation of oaks.” Pliny tells us, that in Italy it was considered amongst their most profitable plantations, and was generally cut for poles once in every thirteeen years, and that this fall was called dos filie, because the profit was reckoned a sufficient marriage portion for a daughter. This timber is reckoned amongst the sonorous woods ; it is therefore used for harps, violins, and other musical instruments, and itis said that no wood is better calculated to resist the rava- ges of the worm, &c. The deciduous cypress tree, cupressus disticha, is a native of North America, and it appears to have been introduced to this country by Mr. John Tradescant, of South Lambeth, where it was planted prior to 1640. We have now two varieties of this species of cypress. Cupressus lusitanica, commonly called the cedar of Goa, from whence it was first brought to Portugal, and is therefore named the Portugal cypress. We learn from Mr. Ray’s letters, that this species of cypress was cultivated in England as early as 1683, but it is not considered so hardy as the common cypress, and is therefore less planted ; formerly there were some of these trees growing in the Bishop of London’s garden, at Fulham, and there was a fine tree of this species in the gardens of the Duke of Rich- mond,.at Goodwood, near Chichester, which was killed by the frost in 1740. The arborvite leaved cypress, or white cedar, cupressus thyoides isa native of North America, and Peter Collinson, Esq. had the honour of giving it British soil in 1736, This species grows natu- rally in China and Cochin-China ; it loves a strong moist soil,and abounds in theswamps of New Jersey, and some parts of Penn- sylvania and New York. By An Horticutrvurist. 176 ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS, ARTICLE ITI. ON THE CULTIVATION OF ERICAS. (Continued from page 132.) Ir is long been an opinion, that the Epacris, Helichrysum, and some other similar plants of the genera, enumerated at the com- mencement of this article, should not be taken out of the Green- house during summer, as the majority of plants are. This opinion is strengthened, by the success I have experienced, ina collection of about three hundred species of the best sorts, so managed under my own immediate charge, and much more so by observing the practice of those French and German cultivators who follow a similar plan, as well as that of the superior manage- ment of these plants in the Edinburgh botanical garden, where specimens are to be seen grown in tubs, from three to four feet in diameter, and the plants from eight to twelve feet in height. No cultivator has been so successful in this department as Mr. M‘Nab, the intelligent curator of that garden, from whose valuable treatise on the subject we take the following quotation. ‘When I mention the treatment of heaths when in the house,” he says, “1 must let it be understood that if I had sufficient accommodation under glass, I never would take heaths out of doors, unless it were for the purpose of shifting, or taking them from one house to another. My practice would be to keep them in the house all summer, giving them plenty of air, and to keep them cool during winter. I know it is the common practice to turn heaths out of doors for four or five months in summer and autumn, and it is also a pretty general opinion that by doingso it makes them hardier, and enables them to stand the winter better than they would do if kept within doors durmg summer. From this opinion I must take the liberty of differig, as I know of no species of heath that will not bearas much cold in winter, without suffering from it if kept in the house during summer, as they do when turned out of doors, and many of them, (perhaps all), I know, will bear more cold in the winter. For, by the latter practice, the young wood gets better ripened, and better able to resist cold in winter.” The same excellent authority, in speaking of plants in general, recommends, where there is sufficient accomodation, to keep all plants under glass during summer, and, in such cases, to allow them plenty of room, “‘ for unless they are placed quite ON THE CULTURE OF RRICAS. 177 separate, “he observes,” from each other, sothat a free circulation can pass among them, they will suffer much more when crowded in the house in the summer, than they will do in the same situ- ation during the winter, for in winter they are in a more dormant state, and not growing with the same vigour. I would however advise every one to keep as many of their best specimens and best kinds within doors during summer as they can, without having them crowded together. I cannot give better directions than to say, that one should not touch the other when in the house in summer, and ifthe nearest part of one to the other is two or three inches apart, so much the better. The house, however, should be ventilated at all times, and, except in cases of high wind or heavy rain, both top and front lights should be kept open night and day; and besides watering the earth in the pots freely when they require it, they should be well watered over-head with the garden engine every day ; and ifthe weather is hot and dry, © this operation should be performed twice every day, namely, both morning and evening.” There is one branch of culture in which I differ from the talent- ed writer above quoted; he recommends a partial degree of shade during the hottest days of summer. In this particular the Messrs. Loddiges agree with me as do most of the continental cultivators. This however, may be less important in the latitude of Edinburgh than in that of London, and is certainly much less so there, than in most parts of France, or the south of Germany, and for that reason it may not be noticed in the excellent directions laid down by Mr. M‘Nab. Messrs. Loddiges follow the continental fashion ofshading by means of Jong slender branches of birch or other decidious trees, which are laid over the roof of the house, break- ing the full force of the sun’s rays, while at the same time air is not much obstructed. My practice is to shade by spreading netting over the roof, and latterly by having a fine thin canvass awning, mounted on rollers, on the top of the house, which is let down or taken up at pleasure. Air cannot be too freely admitted to heaths, and indeed, to all similar plants, and to effect this the upright lights may be left open altogether, until the the thermometer, in the open air, falls to two or three degrees below the freezing point ; indeed, we have even had the mould in the pots frozen pretty hard without the application of fire heat. Ifthe house be pretty air-tight and dry, fire heat will seldom be required; for we find by Mr. M‘Nab, (TZveatise, p. 31.) Vox. VII. No, 78. x 178 ON THE CULTURE OF ERICAS. that he has had no accident in this respect when the thermometer out of doors indicated sixteen degrees of frost. The following quotation on this subject of temperature is so excellent that we are induced to give it at length. ‘ “~ ‘« . he ON THE HONEYSUCKLE. 271 The perfume of the honeysuckle being of the most agreeable kind, it should be frequently met with in the shrubbery; when planted near the fore-ground it ought to be kept as a shrub, which, as well as giving neatness, ensures a succession of flowers. In the wilderness walks, it should have liberty to climb the trees, and hang its wreaths from branch to branch; and where the ivy gives verdure to the bare trunk, there should the woodbine display its blossoms and shed its odours; as also over the rural arbours of the present day, as it did o’er those of Shakspeare’s. “ Beatrice, who e’en now Is couched in the woodbine coverture.” Mucu Apo, The nurserymen ofthis country now offer us many distinct spe- cies of the lonicera, besides many varieties of the common wood- bine. The dutch honeysuckle, Lonicera Belgica, may be trained with a stem, and formed into ahead like a tree; the flowers of this variety are of a reddish colour on their outsides, and yellowish within, of a very delightful odour. There are two varieties of the Dutch honeysuckle, one of which is called the Long blowing, as it blossoms in June, July, and August ; the other succeeds it, and is therefore called the Late Red-blowing Honeysuckle, L. serotina. Both of these should be planted in considerable quantities. The latter kind has only been introduced about a century ; for in 1715 it was esteemed a great curiosity, and is supposed to have been first brought to this country by the Flemish florists, who were then in the habit of coming over annually with plants for sale. The Virginia trumpet honeysuckle, Lonicera sempervirens, was cultivated in this country by John Tradescant, jun. as long back as 1656, and although it is without odour, it is a desirable evergreen climber, the bright scarlet flowers being so ornamental from May to August. There is anew scarlet flowered variety very superior to the old kind which deserves a place in every shrubbery, trellis, or harbour.. This kind of honeysuckle requires a south aspect, and a sheltered situation. The branches being weak and rambling, it is generally trained to a wall ; but it hasa better effect when its branches are interwoven with the cypress, or any other evergreen, which will shelter it, fromthe north, and support its gay trumpets to advantage. The common honeysuckles will grow in almost any soil or situ- ation, and there are few inmates of the shrubbery more desirable than these odiferous stragglers, which perfume the air to a great 272 ON THE HONEYSUCKLE. distance, particularly in the morning andevening. They are easily propagated, either by layers or cuttings; but the latter are pre- ferred. The cuttings should have four joints, three of which should be buried in the’earth, and the fourth above the surface, from which the shoots are produced. September is the best month for planting the woodbine cuttings. How greatly would our hedges be improved bya few cuttings being stuck in the ground ; how little the trouble, the expence none,—but the de- lightful air would well repay the labour. ° We should have passed over the medicinal qualities of this plant, had we not accidentally opened the work of a student in physic, who ftourished in London, in the year 1681 ; and as we conclude it is but little known to the students of 1839, we extract it for the sole purpose of benefiting the faculty—by a laugh. This learned A’sculapian author says, under the head ‘ Wood- bind,’ “‘ Itis a plant so common, that every one that hath eyes knows them ; and he that hath none cannot read a description if k should write it. Doctor Tradition, that grand introducer of errors that hater of truth, that lover of folly, and that mortal foe to Doc- tor Reason, hath taught the common people to use the leaves of flowers of this plant in mouth waters ; and by long continuance of time hath so grounded it in the brains of the vulgar, that you cannot beat it out with a beetle. All mouth waters ought to be cooling and drying, but honeysuckles are cleansing, consuming, and di- gesting, and therefore no ways fit for inflammations ; thus Doctor Reason. And, if you please, we will leave Doctor Reason awhile, and come to Doctor Experience, a learned gentleman and _ his brother. Take a leaf and chew it in your mouth, and you will quickly find it likelier to cause a sore mouth, or throat, than to cure it. It is an herb of Mereury, and appropriated to the lungs ; the celestial crab claims dominion over it, neither is it a foe to the Lion ; if the lungs be afflicted by Jzpiter, this is your cure.” The leaves of the woodbine are the favourite food of the goat hence the French have named this plant, Chevre-feuille (Goat’s- leaf.) ON PINKS. 273 ARTICLE III. REMARKS ON SUPERB PINKS. BY MR. BENJAMIN WILLIAMSON, MANOR STREET, CLAPTON, Havine frequently seen applications in your Floricultural Cabi- net, fora list of the best Florist’s flowers, and where they may be purchased ; in reply to which, I beg to state, that Iam a great admirer of Florist’s flowers in general, but a principal object of my ‘attention is turned to that beautiful flower the Pink (which I am proud to see taking so prominent a station in the minds of the Floricultural World,) and which I spare no trouble to obtain, as I generally endeavour to procure every good sort. Having visited many places and having had an opportunity of seeing many grow- ers, I can safely state, that I never met with any to excel what are grown at Woolwich and its Neighbourhood, either as a Collection, or for Blooming : as a proof of which, I beg to refer to the Me- tropolitan Show on the 26th of June last, when three prizes out of four, where taken by the Woolwich Growers, the first was award- ed to Mr. Norman ; the second to Mr. Ibbett; and the fourth to Mr. Ward; all of whom reside at Woolwich. Being myself an Amateur Grower, I consequently grow none for sale, and when in want of any Plants, I apply to Mr. Ibbett of Woolwich, who inva- riably is sure to supply me with the best sorts, and perfectly cor- rect under their proper names, I can therefore without hesitation recommend him. The following are the best sorts in cultivation that 1 can recommend to notice, and can be obtained of him at the proper season, from the latter end of September till the begin- ning of November. Creed’s President. Deakin’s Burdett. Knight’s Lady Auckland. ‘¢ Emma. Bexley Beauty. Norman’s Queen Victoria. si Defiance. Knight of Henley. Miss Cheese. Ward’s Queen. Weeden’s Queen Victoria. Young’s Joe Miller. Clark’s Roseana. Barrett's Conqueror, Von. VII. No. 82. Dry’s Earl of Uxbridge. Cousin’s Victoria. Knight’s Lord Brougham. Bridge’s Queen. Ibbett’s Triumphant. Clark’s ditto Marshall’s Defiance. Barlow's George IV. Mann’s Dr. Summers, Aker’s Lord Brougham, Unsworth’s Omega. Hopkin’s One in the ring. Earl of Cheltenham. Seal’s Miss Austin. KK 274 ON CARNATIONS, Hardstone’s Adelaide. Eldridge’s Superb. a No. l. Smith’s No. &8. Wilmore’s Queen Victoria. Any of the above can be obtained from Mr. Ibbett, (Florist,) Mount Pleasant, Woolwich, as also a splendid collection of Carna- tions, Picotees, Ranunculuses, &c. Should you think the above worthy your notice in your Cabinet, I shall feel great pleasure at all times in forwarding ‘any useful information, B. WILLIAMSON, [We shall feel much obliged by any further communications our respected Correspondent may favor us with.—Conp. | ARTICLE IV, ON THE CULTURE OF THE CARNATION, BY DIANTHUS. : I nave been a grower of that lovely plant the Carnation (for showing at competition) for upwards of twenty years, during which time, I have had an opportunity of ascertaining what mode of treatment is required to grow it to the best advantage; I therefore offer the following remarks for insertion in the Cabinet, for November or December, as it is the period when the best layers may be obtained, having established themselves after re- moval from the parent plant. When the plants are about mid-bloom I perform the layering in the usual manner, and as soon as I discover they are sufficiently rooted, which varies, some kinds being much longer than others, as season and situation too operate to create a difference ; I take the layers up carefully and put four plants into each twenty-four sized pot, placing the layers near the side of the pot, but not for the stem to touch it, for I have found many of the tender sorts die from that circumstance. The compost which I use is light; as soon as potted, they are well watered, and placed in a close frame and shaded : to those who have not the the convenience of a frame, a shady sheltered situation should be selected. After having been shaded about ten days, they will bear full exposure to the sun ; but to prevent inju- a —————E ON CARNATIONS. 275 ry from heavy rains, the glass should be placed over the plants during the night. On the approach of winter, the pots are plunged in coal ashes, this is, of course, within the frame, and has the effect of prevent- ing the pots from drying, as well as to guard them against severe frosts. They remain in this situation till the following March, and are then more. fully exposed to the air, about the first week in April, they are finally removed into the pots in which they are intended to flower, viz. twelve inches deep and ten across, and others, fourteen deep and twelve across. In the former, I only put two plants, and in the latter I put four; I however, very much prefer the former, as the roots run much more freely in pots comparatively small, when they can easily reach the sides. Drainage is an essential consideration in the culture of the Car- nation; in order, therefore, that the water may escape from the earth in the pot with great readiness, I use about three inches of broken pots or stones; these are first placed in the bottom of the pot, and to prevent the earth mixing with this drainage, it is cov- ered with an inch of moss. When all are potted, I then remove them to a situation where they are sheltered from the north winds “ as the season advances, and the rays of the sun become powerful, I remove the pots where they receive partial shade from the mid- day sun, and in this situation they are allowed to flower. As soon as the flower stalks begin to grow, the stakes are placed in the centre of the pot, and the stems secured by ties of matting, according as at the time the buds begin to be formed, I place some finely broken manure on the surface of the pots, being watered through this, it greatly invigorates the plants and strengthens the bloom. When the buds are nearly ready to ex- pand, I assist them by using a sharp knife, to part the extremities of the calyx, they then burst much more freely. I also find it to be of the utmost consequence to protect the calyx from bursting, by tying a piece of matting neatly round its centre ; some flowers will bloom,without this precaution, but by far the greater number require it. As soon as the blossoms begin to expand, I shade the flowers with paper covers. Sometimes the flowers are in danger from earwigs, these I prevent from getting to the flower by a small gauze bag being placed under each flower to stop their pro- gress up the stem, which is quite effectual. For the compost I take equal portions of fresh loam, rotted cow- dung, a year old at least, river sand, and leaf mould; I have it 276 ON CHINESE GARDENS. looked over to see no wire worm is in it, when I apprehend there are small ones which escape notice, I have some fresh lime stonés thrown into a tub of water, have it well stirred up, and after con- fusion has subsided, and the water becomes clear as at first, I pour it in its clear state over the compost, this effects the destruction of any remaining. DiantTuus, ARTICLE V. ON CHINESE GARDENS. (Continued from page 232.) Neither do they employ together the catalpha and the acacia, the yew and the willow, the plane and the sumach, nor any ofsuch heterogenous sorts ; but on the contrary, they assemble in their large woods, the oak, the elm, the beech, the tulip, the sycamore, maple and plane, the Indian chesnut, the tong-shu, and the west- ern walnut, the arbeal, the lime, and all whose luxuriant foliages hide the direction of their branches ; and growing in globular masses, assemble well together ; forming, by the harmonious combination of their tints, one grand group of rich verdure. In their smaller plantations, they employ trees of a smaller growth, but of the same concordant sorts; bordering them with Persian lilacs, gelder-roses, seryngas, coronillas or sennas of various sorts, flowering raspberries, yellow jessamine, hypericum or St. John’s wort, the spireea frutex, altheas, roses, and other flawering shrubs peculiar to China; such as the moli-wha, the quey-wha, the lan-wha, and the wen-quang-shu ; intermixed with flowers, and with the tallow-tree and padus of various species, the tse tang or rose tree, elder, mountain ash, acacia, double blossom- ed thorn, and many other sorts of flowering trees : and wherever the ground is bare, they cover it with white, blue, purple and variegated periwinkle, the convolvulus minor, dwarf stocks, vio- lets, primroses, and different kinds of creeping flowers ; and with strawberries, tutsen and ivy, which climbs up and covers the stems of the trees. In their large plantations, the flowers generally grow in the natural ground ; but in flower-gardens, andall other parts that are highly kept, they are in pots, buried in the ground ; which, as fast as the bloom goes off, are removed, and others are brought to ON CHINESE GARDENS, 277 supply their places ; so that there is a constant succession, for al- most every month in the year ; and the flowers are never seen,'but in the height of their beauty. —— Amongst the most interesting parts of the Chinese plantations, are their open groves ; for as they spend much of their time there, care is taken to situate them as pleasantly as possible, and to adorn them with all kinds of natural beauties. The ground on which they are planted, is commonly uneven, yet not rugged: either on a plain, raised into many gentle swellings ; on the easy declivity ofa mountain, commanding rich prospects ; or in vales, surrounded with woods, and watered with springs and rivulets. Those which are in an open exposure, are generally bordered with flowery meadows, extensive corn-fields, or large lakes ; the Chinese Artists observing, that the brilliancy and gaiety of the objects, forma pleasing contrast with the gloom of the grove; and when they are confined in thickets, or close woods, the plantations are so contrived that, from every approach, some part of the grove is hid; which opens gradually to the eye of the passenger, satisfies his curiosity by degrees. Some of these groves are composed of evergreens, chiefly of pyramidal form, thinly planted over the surface, with flowering shrubs scattered amongst them: others consist of lofty spreading trees, whose foliage affords a shady retreat during the heat of the day. The plants are never crowded together ; sufficient room being left between them for sitting or walking upon the grass ; which, by its shady situation, retains a constant verdure; and, in the spring, is adorned with a great variety of early flowers, such as violets, crocus’s, polyanthus’ primroses, hyacinths, cowslips, snow-drops, daffodils and daisies. Some trees of the grove are suffered to branch out from the very bottom of the stem upwards ; others, for the sake of variety, have their stems bare ; but far the greater number are surrounded with rose-trees, sweet-briar, honey suckles, scarlet beans, nasturtiums, everlasting and sweet-scented peas, double blossomed briar, and other odoriferous shrubs, which beautify the barren parts of the plant, and perfume the air, Sometimes too their open groves are composed of lemon, orange, citron pompelmose, and myrtle-trees ; which, as the climate varies, either grow in the earth, or in buried tubs and pots, that are re- moved to greenhouses during the winter. They also have groves ofall sorts of fine formed fruit-trees ; which, when they blossom, or when their fruit is ripe are exceedingly beautiful; and to add to 278 ON CHINESE GARDENS. the luxuriance of these scenes, the Chinese Artists plant vines of different coloured grapes near many of the trees, which climb up their stems, and afterwards hang in festoons fics’ one tree to ano- ther. In all their open groves are kept young broods of pheasants, partridges, pea-fowls, turkies, and all kinds of handsome domestic birds, who flock thither, at certain times of the day to be fed ; they also retainin them, by the same method, squirrels, pe-che- li-cats, small monkies, cockatoos, parrots, hog deer, spotted ca- pritos, lambs, Guinea pigs, and many other little beautiful birds and animals. The trees which the Chinese Gardeners use in their open groves, — and also for detached trees, or groupes of two, three, or four toge- ther, are the mountain-cedar, the spruce, silver, and balm of Gilead firs, the larix, the smooth stemmed pine, the arbor vite, and cypress ; the weeping willow, the u-kyew-mu, the birch, the maple, the western walnut, arbeal, tulip acacia, oak, elm, and all others that grow in picturesque forms ; and whenever they loose their natural shape, either by too quick vegetation, or other acci- dents, they endeavour to reduce them to an agreeable form, by lopping off their exuberances ; or by forcing them into other direc- tions. The Indian, or horse-chesnut, the lime, and some others of a stiff, formal growth, they never use detached ; but find them on account of their rich verdure, their blossom, and abundant, foliage, very fit for thickets, woods and avenues. They have particular plants for the dressed gay parts of the Garden ; others in their wilds and scenes of horror; and others — appropriated to monuments and ruins ; or to accompany buildings — of various sorts ; according as their properties fit them for these different purposes. In planting, they are nicely attentive to the natural size of their plants ; placing such as are of humble growth in the front ; and © those that are higher, gradually inwards : that all may be exposed : to view at the same time. They appropriate certain plants to low moist situations; and others to those that are dry and lofty ; 3 strictly aeaeiieie therein to Nature: for though a willow, say they may grow upon a mountain, or an oak in a bog, yet are not these 4 by any means natural situations for either. j The lakes and rivers are well stored with fish and water-fowl ; all the vessels are contrived for fishing, hunting, and other sports. i ‘! that are profitable as well as entertaining ; and in their borders — ON CHINESE GARDENS. 279 they plant, instead of flowers, sweet herbs, celery, carrots, pota- toes, strawberries, scarlet beans, nasturtiums, endive, cucumbers, melons, pineapples, or other handsome fruits and vegetables ; while all the less sightly productions forthe kitchen, are carefully hid behind espaliers of fruit-trees. And thus, they say, every farmer may have a Garden without expense : and, that if all landholders were men of taste, the world might be formed into one continued Garden, without difficulty. _ Such is the substance of what I have apes collected relative to the Gardens of the Chinese. My endeavours, in this Article, have been to give the general outline of their style of Gard- ening, without entering into trifling particulars, and without enumerating many little rules of which the Artists occasionally avail themselves ; being pursuaded that, to men of genius, such minute discriminations are always unnecessary, and often preju- dicial, as they burden the memory, and clog the imagination with superfluous restrictions. The dispositions and different artifices before mentioned, are those which are chiefly practised in China, and such as best characterize their style of Gardening. But the artists of that country are so inventive, and so various in their combinations that no two of their compositions are ever alike: they never copy nor imitate each other ; they do not even repeat their own productions ; saying, that what has once been seen, operates feebly at asecond inspection ; and that whatever bears even a dis- tant resemblance to a known object, seldom excites a new idea. The reader is therefore not to imagine that what has been related is all that exists ; on the contrary, a considerable number of other examples might have been produced: but those that have been ffered, will probably be sufficient: more especially as most of them are like certain compositions in music, which, though, sim- ple i in themselves, suggest, to a fertile imagination, an endless “succession of eompliated variations. To the generality of Europeans, many of the foregoing descrip- _tions may seem improbable ; and the execution of what has been described, in some measure impracticable : but those who are bet- ter acquainted with the East, know that nothing is too great for Eastern magnificence to attempt ; and there can be few impossi- Dilities, where treasures are inexhaustible, where power is ‘unlimited and where munificence has no bounds. 4 Ae] 280 ON CHINESE GARDENS. European artists must not always hope to rival Oriental grandeur: they will seldom find islands for ostriches, or forests for elephants, where property is much divided, where power is confined, and wealth rare: men of genius may often conceive more than it is practicable to execute ; yet let them always boldly look up to the sun, and copy as much of its lustre as they can : circumstances will frequently obstruct them in their course, and they may be pre- vented from soaring high; but their attention should constantly be fixed on great objects, and their productions always demonstrate, that they knew the road to perfection, had they been enabled to proceed on the journey. Where twining serpentine walks, digging holes and crooked ditches for earth to raise mole-hills, scattering shrubs, and ringing never-ceasing changes on lawns, groves and thickets, is called Gardening ; artists will have few opportunities of displaying their talents; it matters little there who are the Gardeners ; a cabbage planter may rival a Claude, and a clown outwine a Poussin ; the meanest may do the little there is to be done, and the best could reach no farther. But wherevera better style is adopted, and Gardens are to be natural, without resemblance to vulgar Nature, new without affectation, and extraordinary without extravagance ; where the spectator is to be amused, where his attention is con- stantly to be kept up, his curiosity excited, and his mind agitated by a great variety of opposite passions, there parts will be neces- © sary; and Gardeners must be men of genius, of experience and — judgement ; quick in perception, rich in expedients, fertile in — imagination, and thoroughly versed in all the affections of the human mind, On Cainese GARDENS. ARTICLE VI. ON THE CULTURE &. OF THE TULIP. BY MR. J FORBES, STANLEY, YORKSHIRE. As the period is approaching for planting this long admired favor ite, the Tulip, I forward for insertion in the Cabinet, some remarks upon its history, descriptive properties, and” mode culture, extracted from the observations of a Continental Growe: of celebrity, (M. Trippet,) who forwarded me the same, along . ON THE TULIP. 281 with a fine collection of splendid kinds of Tulips. He observes that the Tulip grows naturally on the Savoy mountains, and in the neighbourhood of Nice. It furnishes varieties of which the two principal are, first, Bizarres, and second, those ona white ground. ‘The first are those which have a yellow tinge, mingled with other colours, but entirely exclude white. They were in great esteem forty or fifty years back, but are look- ed onless favourable at present. Many persons, however, culti- vate them still, to form acontrast, by their dark shades of colour, with those on a white ground. The last named kinds, on the contrary, have not the slightest trace of yellow. Sometimes, indeed, at the moment of blowing, a few exhibit a pale shade of yellow, put the rays ofthe sun soon render them of apure white. These are again sub-divided into two classes : the first into tulips, on a white ground, streaked with red, pink, crimson, &e. ; and, secondly, those on awhite ground, streaked with violet, amaranth, purple, lilac, &e. The tulips, commonly called Dutch, are the only ones now admitted into a choice collection, and of these there are about 700 good varieties. In order to be admitted into this privileged class, certain con- ditions have been laid down by lovers of the flower, which the tulip should fulfil, and to fail in even a single regulation is sufficient to cause it to be rejected. These conditions are, first, regularity of form ; secondly, harmony of proportions between the several parts ; thirdly, firmness of the stalks and petals ; and, fourthly, on each of these a union of at least three colours clearly defined. With respect to the first condition, it is indispensible that, from the point of junction, the petals should bend themselves gracefully about a third part of their height, and then describe a straight line to the top, so asto forma sort of cup with acircular opening. The summit of the petals must not be in the slightest degree, blunt or jagged at the edge. Referring to the second condition, the width of the flower ought to be about three-quarters of its height. The nicest harmony of proportions ought to reign, not only in the different parts of the corolla, but also between this latter and the stem. The bulk of this ought to be co-ordinate, both with its own height, and with the colour of the corolla, Thus a flower, with breadth equal to its height, a long stem supporting a diminutive flower, or a fine corolla inserted into a weak, bending, or ridiculously short stem, Vou. VII. No. 82. LL 282 ON THE TULIP. are blemishes which the severe taste of good judges proscribe as fatal. . As to the third law, we may remark that strength and straight- ness of stem are indispensible. Here the petals must be well fur- nished, for they then resist more easily the power of the solar rays. To satisfy the fourth condition, it is necesssry that at least three colours should appear, harmoniously combined, so that the eye may love to rest ori the union. They must be well defined, bright and formed into regular designs—they must continue perfect up to the time of the ftower going off, without running into each other from the effects of rain, or becoming weak and dried from the rays of the sun. Tulips are obtained in two different manners—by seed and off- sets. Experience proves that any variety of tulip is not re- produced by seed ; and hence amateurs always have recourse to this mode of propagating it, when they desire to obtain new kinds which kinds they denominate Conguests.. In order to obtain the accomplishment of their wishes with more certainty, they take care not to employ any seed but that which comes from tulips having the bottom of the petals ofa pure white, because the colours of tulips proceeding from such seed develope themselves more rapidly than those produced from other seed. Tulip seed ought to be placed in the earth about the month of October, in ground well prepared for its reception. It should be protected from the frost by layers of leaves or mats. When carefully at- tended to, the plants will appear above ground towards the end of February. From the size of a pea the first year, the root will increase considerably in the two following springs. ‘‘ At each of these periods, when the young leaves are faded,” I spread over my plants about an inch of earth, such as covered the seed originally, and the bulbs remain untouched. This! allow asecond winter, when the bulbs being a good size, I take them up and afterwards treat them as others. When,I replant I place them ata depth of three inches, and two or three inches apart. Lat- terly, each year, I replant them in fresh ground; convinced by experience, that they reach perfection sooner by changing the soil, particularly if it has been well manured and fertilised by ha- ving grown other plants. No matter what care may have been devoted to the seed, few perfect flowers are obtained in the first blow, which does not usually take place before the fourth year; in ———————————— ss CULT we. re eee ON THE TULIP. 283 the following years, gradual amelioration of the colours take place, and those which at first were vague and indeterminate, finish at last, though in no fixed time, by assuming clear and distinct cha- racters, uutil they reach all the perfection of which they are capable. Every tulip produced by seed, and as yet ina state of immaturity, is called a breeder, and in this state may continue from two to ten years. From the first blowing all flowers whose form is ill made, or whose petals are thin, or whose stem is weak and bending, or is tinged with yellow, are thrown away. When the petals fall, the seed vessels are broken off in order to give more strength to the root. After the fourth year, the roots are treated as those of a collection already formed. The offsets of a tulip always re-produce a plant identical with that from which they proceed. The period of their coming into bloom is from the first to the fourth year. They are planted in September, about three inches apart, in proportion to their size, in ground prepared the month before. A great number would -perish from being dried. up, if plarting them was delayed to November. In taking them up and replanting, the same order is observed as is followed in an established collection. The advantage of offsets is great, as they serve to repair losses which a severe season or accident may cause to the old collection. In a tulip collection, the size of the roots is a matter of importance. It has been remarked that some of them, of a large size, produce petals which are not properly proportioned. Most frequently they become open and loose, whilst when the roots, are of moderate size, the flowers are per- fect. Experience, however, is the safest guide in selecting the roots. It is not sufficient to unite the most beautiful tulips in the same place, as ifthey are thrown together by chance or without harmo- ny Not only must the heights agree, but also the colours. Art in this respect comes to the embellishment of Nature. In order to display as much as possible the richness and value of a fine collection, the following precautions ought to be attended to, as they will be found to facilitate the labour in a high degree. If, for instance, I have 300 tulip roots to plant, whose height and colour I am perfectly acquainted with, I provide six drawers with fifty compartments in each. In these I place the roots, in some position where the air will have a free access. I place the drawers in a case, one over the other, with a space between to let in the air, and the whole is surrounded with a wire grating, to 284 ON THE TULIP. keep away rats and mice. As I know accurately the classification of my tulips, according to height and colour, yet I place the roots in proper order in the compartments. Its first series hold those whose stem is highest, and which are planted on the top of the bed: the other compartments hold others less high, until all are filled. The colours alternate as symmetrically as possible, so that the same colour never appears twice together, either longitudi- nally or transversely. It will result from this disposition of the plants, that, in looking at the the bed obliquely, they appear like a draught-board, with lines formed of an uninterrupted colour. When | have properly arranged the roots in these compartments, the next step isto choose out a piece of ground, not moist, open, exposed to the south-east in preference to the south west, and dis- ‘ tant at least fifteen feet from any wall, or hedge, I find it best to give the bed a certain inclination, in order first to see the position of the flowers more easily, and next to facilitate the flowing off of rain or other moisture. When I make a second bed, I place it opposite and parallel to the other, with a walk of about four feet between, and with the lower part of one bed next to the lower part of the other. By this means the two beds incline towards each other. In order to renew certainly the principles which are indis- pensible to bring tulips to perfection, the earth is changed every two years ; and in order to preserve to the plants, the second year, a vegetation as favourable as the first, it is well watered with liquid manure, poured over the ground in July or August ; and in order that every particle of the earth should be impregnated with it, the whole soil is dug up in a month after, and well mingled together. This is far preferable to mixing up dung with the soil as is usu- ally done, I find the flowers are equally fine, and of much clearer and finer colours. When the earth is properly prepared thus, from the 12th to the 20th of November, the planting of the roots ' takes place. The bed is carefully measured, and the roots placed at equal distances. A small portion of sand placed at the bottom of each hole, and the root covered with alittle, allows the moisture to pass through it quickly, and the roots are protected from insects. When the roots are placed thus, they are covered by the hand with a small quantity of earth; not pressing it too closely, as if done so, the earth is rendered too compact by the pressure, so that the roots do not vegetate easily, and the plant is liable to be injured by moisture, which finds some difficulty in passing through, The edges of my beds are supported, with stone, which keeps out all insects. : ON THE TULIP. 285 Tulips, from being exposed to the intemperature of the atmos- phere, are subject to certain diseases, which it is of consequence . to prevent. From the middle of February, to the middle of April, they have generally to encounter snow, hail, and cold rains. The cups formed by the young leaves, at the bottom of which the bud lies shut up, get filled with rain, and the result is, that the water remains there until it insinuates itself into the interior of the root, and often spoils it, or impedes its opening. To obviate any inconvenience arising from exposure to the weather, it is ne- cessary to shelter the flowers with a covering of canvass, which, by means of cords and pullies, I can extend or roll up at will. The bed is covered with this in unfavourable weather, but exposed to the rays of the sun, and to gentle rain. When the flowers are open the covering is kept over the bed during rain, and from nine to four o’clock in case of sun, by this means the duration of blowing, is prolonged, and the beauties of the flowers can be ad- mired without any exposure to rain or sun. When the flowers are open I take a particular survey of my stock to see that each kind is true to the catalogue register, and regulate if required. When the bloom is over, the seed vessels are cut off, in order that the roots may profit by the sap, which otherwise would have been absorbed. The time for taking up the roots is easily ascertained. When the stems roll themselves round the fingers without breaking, then I am certain that the time for taking up has arrived. This takes place generally towards the end of June, and I am careful to observe the same order as was adopted in planting them. Too tender to resist the action of the sun after being taken from the ground, the roots are liable to perish by being exposed to its rays, so that care is taken to avoid such injury. In taking them upI gently uncover the ground at the sides of the roots, and then uncover them ; after they have been depri- ved of their shoots, of their dry skins, and separated from the offsets, I place them in cases destined to receive them. I then leave them to dry in the shade from morning to evening, for four or five days. During a month, I occasionally expose them to the air, in order to guarantee their perfect dryness, and thus con- tribute to their better preservation. Some other remarks on Florist’s flowers are sent me which I reserve for future occasions, JAMES ForBEs. 286 NEW AND RARE PLANTS. PART II. NEW OR RARE PLANTS. (Noticed since our last.) x BAUHINIA CORYMBOSA. Corymb-flowering Bauhinia (Bot. Reg. 47. FABACEX., TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. A very pretty climbing shrub, introduced from China some time ago, but we believe all attempts to bloom it had been unsuccessful, until Septem- ber 1838, when a plant under the treatment of Mr. Wells, of Redleaf, pro- duced an abundance of flowers, which are of a delicate blush color. In the Linnean classification this plant suits, equally well, no fewer than eight classes or orders. Jt succeeds best when placed in a cool part of the stove, and planted in a fresh and rich soil composed of peat, loam, and decayed manure, CORYANTHES MACULATA, var, PARKERI. Spotted lipped Coryanthes, Mr. Parker’s variety. (Bot. Mag. 3747. ORCHIDACEZ. GYNANDRIA, MONANDRIA, Introduced from Demerara, and cultivated by C. S. Parker, Esq. ; the ra- ceme produces numerous flowers, each is about three inches across, yellow, with a labellum of a brownish purple, spotted with darker purple spots. OXALIS BARRELIERI. Barrellier’s Shrubby Wood Sorrel. (Bot. Mag. 3748. OXALIDEZ, DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. A hothouse species, growing about a foot high, each branch bearing seve- ral flowers of a pretty yellow colour, spotted with brown. Eaeh blossom is about half an inch across, TOURRETTIA LAPPACEA, Bur-fruited. (Bot. Mag. 3749,” BIGNONIACEZ, DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. A native of Peru, introduced in 1837 into the Glasgow Botanic Garden, by J. M‘Lean, Esq., of Lima, where it has bloomed. The plant is annual climb- ing to five feet high; the flowers are produced in terminal spikes of about ten blossoms on each; the calyx is at first of a bright red, changing to green; _ the corolla is of a dark purple, slightly streaked. Each flower is about half an inch long. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI. Mr. Ross's (Bot, Reg. 48. ORCHIDACEXZ, GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. : Mr. Ross the collector for G. Barker, Esq., sent this very pretty flowering plant from Mexico; each flower has a bright white lip, lying, as it were, in the centre of a rich green, yellow, and blue star of three points, and pro- duces a beautiful and interesting appearance. Each flower is about two inches across; the flower scape rises to about six or eight inches high. NEW AND RARE PLANTS. 287 RHODODENDRON CAMPANULATUM. Bell-flowered. (Bot. Mag, 3759. ERICEZ. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. This very fine flowering species has rarely bloomed in this country, it has however, flowered with Mr. Dickson, at the Newton Nursery, Chester; Mr. Dickson states, that the plant has been growing in the open ground for seven years, and during the severest winter has been uninjured; that gentleman, having to remove the plant from its situation, placed it in a tab in Novem- ber 1838, and put it in a greenhouse, where it bloomed the last spring. The plant is near five feet high, and bushy, and when in bloom was a most splend- id object ; the flowers are of a very delicate rose colour, dotted with a rosy purple, and tinged with yellow inthe tubular part. Each blossom is about two inches and a half across, of a bell shaped form, and are produced nu- merously in fine heads. CLEMATIS LATHYRIFOLIA. Large flowered erect Clematis. (Bot. Reg. 61. RANUNCULACEA. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. A very showy hardy perennial plant, the stems grow erect to about four feet high, producing a profusion of white blossoms frum July to the end of the summer. DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM. Beautiful Tree-bloom. (Bot. Reg. 64. ORCHIDACEZ. GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA,. Collected on the Nepal Mountains, by Dr. Wallich, who observes that it grows in large tufts upon trees or rocks; it is a magnificent flowering spe- cies. The flowers are produced on racemes, each having from four to seven blossoms ; the flower is about three and a half inches across, of a beautiful _ delicate white, having a large yellow spot on the labellum. It has a very agreeable perfume. ; FABIANA IMBRICATA., Imbricated. (Bot. Reg. 59. SOLANACBA. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. This very neat and pretty flowering plant was originally discovered in Chili, it has very much the resemblance of some of the profuse white flower- ing heaths ; the blossoms are produced in spikes of six or more inches long ; each flower is near an inch in length, and as a very neat and delicate appearance, The plant is shrubby, having a bright green foliage, rather resembling in form the Tamarisk; the shrub, however, forms a pretty bush, and when grown in the greenhouse, is loaded with blossoms. It thrives well in sandy peat, and may be kept out of doors in summer, as is done by some with Heaths, but requires a little shade from mid-day sun. It has bloomed in the collection of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, &c., Exeter, and Messrs. Rol- roe, Tooting. We have seen it exhibited at the Hort. Societies’ Rooms, ondon. PATERSONIA SAPPHARINA. Sapphire. . (Bot. Reg. 60. PATERSONIA. IRID#A. MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA. A native of the Swan River, and introduced by that indefatigable florist, Captain Mangles. The plant is of the Iris tribe in growth, but the flowers have more the appearance of the Tradescantia; the stems rise to about two feet high, and terminate with a spatha of numerous flowers. Each blossom is about two inches and a half across, of a most beautiful violet blue, shaded with darker. The flowers are of short duration, but are produced in con- tinued succession. A greenhouse or cool frame treatment we judge to be suitable; it is well worth growing. 288 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. PART III. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. QUERIES. o On Bioomine TROPHOLUM TUBEROSUM.—Having been a Subscriber to your Floricultural Cabinet for some time, | take the liberty of stating that I have grown the Tropceolum tuberosum for two years, both in the pot, and turned out in the open ground; in the former way I found it did not grow very strong, but in the ground it grew very vigorous, and covered an im- mense space of the wall against which it was placed, it was twelve feet high, but I cannot get it to flower, it grows on until the frost takes it, and never shews the least inclination to bloom; nor am 1 singular in this, as several of my friends have tried it with the same result. Now, if you can give me a reason for this, or directions for a more fortunate cultivation of this plant, in your next Number, you will confer a great favor on Ww.R, Liverpool, October ist, 1839. P.S.—I raised it first in the hotbed and turned it out in May. [We never saw it grown and trained against a wall, but it is very probable that the heat of the wall, as well as situation, would encourage the plant to grow too quickly, and run into shoots too weak to bloom, though ex- tending considerably in length. In such a situation a good supply of © water would be required, to have vigour to extent of shoots. When grown in the open border where the plants have the sun most of the day, we have seen the plants bloom freely ; they were planted in good rich soil, and had some branching sticks placed around them, so that as they extend, they formed bushes about the size of a moderate sized gooseberry bush. The open situation would prevent the over-rapid growth, and have a tendency to promote blooming; the plants we saw were tolerably good ones when turned out in May. We hope that any of our Readers who have bloomed the plant success, fully when trained, will forward us particulars of situation and mode of treatment.—Conp.] On BioomMInG TECOMA JASMINOIDES, AND IPOMZA HEDERACIFOLIA.—! have had a plant of- Tecoma Jasminoides and another of Ipomea hederacifolia in my possession for about twelve months, and have had them kept in a green- house. They have each grown to six feet, and are in excellent health, but have not shown any symptoms of flowering ; they were grown in peat, but I have lately transplanted them into a richer soil, with no better effect as to. blooming. I should be obliged to any of the Readers of the Cabinet who would furnish me with any information on the culture of the above named plants, so as to succeed in blooming them. M.L. R. M. October 5th, 1839. [Tpomea hederacea, and Ipomea hederifolia are annuals, and usually bloom, whether grown in pots or planted out into the open border. It is probable the Ipomea named, is not correct as to kind ; if it be a greenhouse spe- cies it will very probably bloom next season, sometimes the removal of a plant from a warm to a cold temperature will prevent its blooming the first MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 289 Séason, or its tuber, (if of that class) may not be large enough to give vigour for blodiing the first season. If it be a hothouse species, it will, of course, require such a temperature. The Tecoma does not usually bloom till it has got well established, It is highly probable it will bloom next year.—Conp. ] Ow & Secect List OF TuLirs.—If some of your numerous readers would furnish a list of some realy good, but not high priced Tulips, such as come within the reach of Amateurs of moderate means. The colours also, and any observations which would be a guide to the purchase of a small collec- tion, it would I am confident be useful to many of your readers, and more particularly so, to E, N.N. [The following is a selection of superior kinds grown in the splendid col- lection of Messrs. Lockhart's, Seedsmen, Cheapside, at their grounds Fulham. TULIPS.—Biys.oems anv Roszs. 8. d. 8. d: Ambassaduer de Hollande 7 6 | Imperatrice Romaina 2 6 Bienfait Incomparable 5 0 de Maroc 5 0 Cerise Prine ; 2 6! Dolittle . : 2 6 Grotuis . 5 0 | Comte de Vergennes ° ( OT La Majestueuse 5 0} Armida . - 5 0 L’arbre de Diane 5 0 |} Abigail F ‘hae Roi de Siam 7 6 | Belle Jacomine . 1 6 Washington 2 6 ‘* Judaique . . ie Rose Hébé : 1 6 | General Woronzow . 2 6 ‘« Reine des Fleurs . 3 6] Maitre partout . “1 Sa “ Pretiosa : 2 6] Bacchus . . 5 0 ‘© Miniature . + 1 6] La Sultane 4 *taie o * Vestalis’ 5 3 6 Princessd’Austria . 2 6 BIzarDs. Aeolus a 3.6 | Gargantua LinG Asdrubae . - 2 6! Gordianus 2 6 Charbon Noir . 2 6/ La Lueur 5 P 3 6 Feu de Courtray s 2 6 | Mallagrida . F 2 6 Francis des Princes 5 0 | Pontifex Maximus F 236 Gloria Mundi 5 5 0 | Prince de Roebec , 2 6 Kirrhus A 2 6 | Mount Vesuvius 1 6 Goud beurs 1 6 | Goudberg . ; 1 6 La Mignonne . 1 6 | Passe d’Alost , é 5 0 Le Devil 1 6 | Brisson . a 10. 6 Trafalgar 1 Abbé de St. André Ind6 Surpasse Catafalque , 1 Electeur de Cologne . 1 6 Caravuta . 3 Incomparable Premier 2 6 Conp.j ANSWER, ON SENDING DaHLIAS TO THE ANTIPODES.—In answer to S., who wishes to _ know how to send Dahlias to the Antipodes, I beg to say, that in November 1838, I dispatched a collection to Bombay which were remarkably long on the voyage, exceeding four months,. and they arrived in very fine preserva- tion, The method is simply packing them in pounded charcoal in a deal box. I hope soon to give you an account of their altered nature; in August j heard they had grown to the height of twenty feet, with a stem the thick- n®*8 of a man’s arm, and covered with bloom; they flowered during the ya's. Is it probable they may become perennials? (the Dahlia 18s—Conp.) Vou. VII. No, 82. MM 290 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, Narcissus and other bulbs were dispatched in the same way, and haye suc- ceeded equally well. But I should particularly advise S. not to wait till the Spring, but send them when in a state of rest. I sent at the same time a box of plants packed by a Nurseryman in dry moss, which he expected certainly to succeed, but they arrived a mass of rottenness; I should be glad to know from any experienced exporter, if he has succeeded in any way besides that of sending them in those small greenhouses now used by Messrs Loddiges, &e. J. REMARKS, On THE TRANSMISSION OF SeEDs FROM Remote Countries. &c—London Horticultural Meeting, September 18. 1838. Extracts were read from a let- ter, addressed to the Vice-Secretary, by Dr. Hugh Falconer, Superitendant of the Botanical Garden of Saharunpur, and dated Cashmeer, January 24. 1838. ‘* T have been gratified to find that the Himalayan seeds, sent by me, suc- ceeded so well with the Horticultural Society. “ As the result seems to have interested you, I may mention the mode in which the collection and package were managed. The seeds are collected generally on a march along an extensive tract of country ; as a general rule, the pericarps are not detached, but the fruit and seed immediately packed up in paper ; the closed paper packets, especially those containing baccate or juicy fruits, are daily exposed freely to the sun! and, to increase the heating effect of the solar rays, the packets are spread out on a black blan- ket, and kept so till the paper of the packets feels dry, a man being em- ployed in turning them occasionally : the paper inbibes moisture during the night, and the process is repeated til] all moisture is thoroughly dissipated. In the rains, which embrace about half the seed season in the Himalayas, the sun is not available, and the packets are daily dried before a gentle fire, till the same effectis produced ; but the result is much more uncertain as regards subsequent germination, In packing up the packages for transmission to Europe, the little packets are folded up looselyin a couple of envelopes of paper ; and an invariable caution is given along with them, never to let the packages get into a box or trunk, much Jess into the ship's hold ; but to sus- pend them loosely from an airy corner of the cabin, free from the risk of moisture and spray. “ On a march, where you move daily under canvass from place to place, the amount or duration of shade required for drying seeds, or their fleshy coverings, is not unavailable, or I should certainly never torrefy the packets in the sun ; all that can be said of the method is, that it speedily dries the seeds without killing them. The management on board ship appears to me to be every thing; loose wrappers, free exposure to the air in shade, and exemption from boxes, trunks, or the hold. ' “The exposure to the sun, with the augmented heatmg effect produced by radiation on a black blanket, is perhaps interesting with reference to the conditions mentioned by you at p. 304. of your Introduction te Botany, 2d edition; but the effect is probably merely a heating one, as the opacity of the paper, and the reflecting purity of the light colour, must prevent the luminous rays being transmitted to the seeds. I should certainly expect a different result in the end, with reference to germination, if the seeds were directly exposed. «© On one occasion, I received from England a large investment of garden vegetuble seeds from a London seedsman. They were packed in the thick dark brown paper which is generaily used hy grocers and scedsmen, and which, for the facility of folding, is usually in a somewhat damp state. The packages were nailed up in a large wooden box, with numerous folds of this paper, and the box then hermetically sealed in a tin case ; it then found its way into the ship's hold. The damp paper, which, in the temperature of MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 291 England, say at 59°, would have mattered little, became an important agent when the ship got into the tropics ; at about 80° the damp became a hot va- pour, and, when the seeds reached me, I found them all in a semipulpy and mildewed state, in fact parboiled by the steam process ; and, out of a 30). investment, not a seed germinated. i “¢T shall soon have the pleasure of sending you another collection, made on the hills to the westward, and in Cashmeer, where I now am. “T have found the Prangos pabulbaria growing in the valley.” With reference to this communication, it was stated that by far the greater part of the seeds alluded to by Dr. Falconer were in a fresh state when they reached the Society, and presented a remarkable contrast with those which usually arive from Calcutta and elsewhere. There can be no doubt, that the most important precaution to observe, in conveying seeds safely through a long voyage, consists in exposing them freely to the air ; because, if thatis aitended to, the damp, which, when in combination with a high temperatare, contributes so much towards destroying the germinating power of seeds, is dissipated as fast as itis formed. It was added, that, in the experience of the Vice-Secretary, no better plan was known for sending to great distances most kinds of seeds, than, after being well dried, packing them loosely in common brown paper, and enclosing them, without pressure, in smal] coarse canyass bags, suspended from the sides of the cabin, where they could he kept dry. The society has tried various other methods, such as packing in sugar, and in charcoal : enclosing in tin cases, in bottles sealed up, &c.; and all such plans invariably proved unfit for the preservation of the germi- nating principle of seeds ; especially the two last, which had long been known to be a means of destroying, rather than preserving, life, although still per- severed in. It was added, in illustration of these observations, that the most successful instance of introducing seeds of the deodar cedar, from India, ocurred some years since ; when a plan, similar to that now recommended for adoption, was adhered to. In the year 1831, the Honourable T. Leslie Melville, on his re- turn to England, brought with him some cones of the deodar, thrown-loosely into a drawer in his cabin ; these were presented to the Society, by that gentle- man, and were so fresh, that nearly the whole of them germinated immedi- ately upon being sown ; and, in fact, furnished the principal part of the plants which the Society has been for some years distributing of this most valuable tree, On a New Metuop or WriTiInG on Zinc, FOR LABELLING PLants.—Mr. Henry Braconnot, the celebrated French Chemist of Nancy, to whom we are indebted for the curious transformation of rags and other similar vegetable substances into starch, gum, ‘and sugar, by the agency of oil of Vitriol, and whose name is well known in the chemical world for various researches con- nected with the analysis of vegetable substances, has given in the last num- ber of the Annales de Chimie et de Physique, a preparation for writing on plates of zinc to Jabel plants. The writer having a dislike to painting in oil which is often inconvenient, and never endures a long time, resolved to turn his attention to some other way which would prove both ready and durable. The system of writing on zinc with a black erayon, which was accidentally discovered by M. Symon an Amateur at Brussels, and noticed in the Revue Horticole for October 1832 and the Bon Jardinier, for 1832, possessing many imperfections, Mr, Braconnot to try some experiments, being anxious to ob- tain a liquid, or a species of ink, which’ would be perfectly durable when exposed to the changeableness of the weather, and also one with which, he could write with ease. This end, after several proofs, he is induced to be- lieve he has in a great measure attained. If it answers he will have done yore the botanists and amateurs a real service. The preparation is as fol- Ows :— Take Verdigres in powder one part, Salamoniac in powder one part, 292 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Lamp black (Mori de Fumea) half a part, ‘Water ten parts ; : Mix these in a glass or pot Mortar, at first only adding as much water as will mix it well, then add the remainder of the water, when placed in a vessel, let it be well shaked up from time to time and in a few days it will be ready for use. This is not only excellent for labelling plants, but also for marking objects it is wished to preserve in low, wet, situations, and for marking key, becoming quickly dry and being very durable. : FLORAL EXHIBITIONS, We have had numerous accounts of the Floral exhibitions held throughout the country, forwarded to us. In several instances, however, the names of the persons winning prizes were only given, and not the names of the flowers; from the first of our commencing the Floricultural Cabinet we have refused to insert such accounts, vot having in them anything to benefit our readers. Where the names of the flowers are given we consider it of interest and value, inasmuch as it shows which kinds are most superior for the desired purposes, especially with what are usually termed Florist’s flowers, such as Dahlias, Carnations, Pinks, &c. Hutt anv East Ripine Fiorat anp Horticutturay Socrety.—This Society held their fifth exhibition on the 15th of Angast at the Public-rooms, Jarratt-street. The flowers possessed most superior excellence of quality ; the piccotees upon yellow grounds surpassed everything hitherto exhibited in this place, particularly the pans shown by Dr. Horner, and Mr. H. S. Nor- man, ‘he plants, by Mr. Simon Appleton, gardener to Avison Terry, Esq., merit great praise. A pan of Seedling Carnations and Piccotees, raised by Dr.-Horner, and bloomed this season for the first time, were of superior quality, and many of them offer as first-rate flowers. A stand of very beau- tiful and rare flowers were exhibited by Messrs. Forsyth and Ward, of Anlaby, as also a fine tray of splendid Panzies, all from their nursery. The whole exhibition was most pleasing and gratifying to the numerous visitors, and reflected great credit to the members of the Society. The following is a list of prizes, and to whom awarded :— Premium by Joseph Sykes, Esq.—Carnations.— Dr. Horner, Ely’s Lovely Ann ; Ditto by J. C. Parker, Esq.; Dr. Horner, Horner’s Judith Ann; ditto by Mr. Wm. Bursta)] ; Dr. Horner, Ely’s Mango; ditto by a friend, Dr. Horner, Ely’s Lord Milton, Pink Bizarre—}. Dr. Horner, Ely’s Lord Milton; 2. Mr. Burman, ditto; 3. Dr: Horner, Paul Pry ; 4. and 5. ditto, ditto ; 6. Mr. John Hodgson, Ely’s Lord Milton. Scarlet Bizarre —1] and 2. Dr. Horner, Ely’s jolly Dragoon ; 3. Mr. Ogles- by, Ditto: 4. Dr. Horner, Seedling, 1839, Horner’s Thunderbolt ; 5. and 6. Mr. Burman, Ely’s Jolly Dragoon. Purple Flake.—1. Dr. Horner, Ely’s Mango; 2. Ditto, Lascelle’s Queen of Sheba; 3. Ditto Turner’s Princess Charlotte:; 4. Ditto Leighton’s Bellerophon; 5. Mr. John Hodson, Ely’s Lady Hewley ; 6. Mr. Burman, Ely’s Mango. Pink or Rose Flake—1 and 2. Dr. Horner, Ely’s Lovely Ann ; 3. Mr. Bur- man, Ditto; 4. Dr. Horner, Ditto; 5. Mr. Burman, Ely’s Miss Molly ; 6. Dr. Horner, Seedling, 1839. ; Scarlet Flake.—1. Dr. Horner, Wilson's William the Fourth ; 9. Mr. Bur- man, Cheshire Hero; 8. Dr. Horner, Seedling, 1839, Horner's Firefly ; 4 and 5. Ditto, Wilson’s William the Fourth, 6. Mr. Burman, Taylor’s Festival. Self—1. Dr. Horner, Horner’s Judith Ann ; 2. Ditto, Seedling, 1839, Horn- er’s Miss Fanny ; 3. Mr. Burman, Purpurea ; 4. Ditto, No. 145; 5 Dr. Horner, ' Seedling, 1839; 6. Mr. Burman, Beauty. ‘ Piccotees—Premium by William Lowthrope, Esq. ; Dr. Horner, Bemming- ford Beauty ; Ditto by William V. Norman, Esq.; Dr. Horner, Seedling, 1839, Horner’s Dewdrop ; Ditto, by Dr. Horner, for the best Pan of Yellow. —Piccotees, not less than six, Dr. Horner, ? _ MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, 293 Parple-edged or Striped—1. Dr. Horner, Seedling, 1839, Horner’s Dew- drop ; 2 Mr. Burman, Ely’s Dr. Horner; 8. Mr. Bell, Wood's Agrippina ; 4 Mr. Burman, Star of Brunswick ; 5. Dr. Horner, Hufton’s Miss Willoughby ; 6. Ditto, Ely’s Vanquisher. Red Scarlet, or Pink-edged or Striped—1. Dr. Horner, Hemmingford Beauty; 2. Ditto, Hogg’s Miss Campbell; 8. Ditto, ditto ; 4. Ditto, Ely’s Criterion ; 5. Ditto, Geddin’s Miss Desbrough ; 6. Ditto, Hemmingford Beau- ty. "Yellow Ground edged or Striped—1.Dr, Horner, Rosalie de Rohan 32. Ditto, Princess; 3. Mr. H. S. Norman, Ugolina ; 4. Dr. Horner, Ariel, 5. Ditto, Rosalie de Rohan ; 6. Dr. Burman, Barron’s Queen Adelaide. Yellow Self—1, Mr. H. S. Norman,No, 1, 2. Ditto; 8. Dr. Horner, Golden Drop; 4. Ditto, Goldfinch ; 5. Mr. Burman; No. 1; 6, ditto, No. 1. A NationaL ARBORETUM.—We have been informed that a National Ar- boretum is about to be planted in the New Forest, Hampshire, by Mr, Page of Southampton. The ground being national property is under the direction of the commis- sigaers of Woods and Forests. It will be situated about two miles from Lyndhurst. ConDucTor, A Susseription Borantc GarDEN—is in contemplation, by taking a considerable quantity of the grounds at White Knights. Of the specimens of rare trees and shrubs, in what is termed the wilderness, many of them, are unequalled in this country. Royax Boranio Soctety.—The ground at the circle Regent’s Park ig in rapid progression for its object. A charter of incorporation has been granted to the society ‘for the promotion of Botany in all its branches, and its application to medicine, arts, and manufacturers ; and also for the for- mation of extensive botanical and ornamental gardens.” President: the Duke of Richmond ;—Treasurer: Mr. Majoribanks—Council: the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Albermarle, J, Rushbrook, P. Barnes, and J, C. Sowerby, Esqrs. On INCREASING THE NUMBER OF FLOWERS ON THE Cuinese Primrose.— When the first flowers appear in autumn Pinch them off, this induces a more vigorous and numerous production to follow ; I have practised this mode of treatment for the last two years with astonishing success, A.A. prosperity ; upwards of three hundred Gardeners and workmen are attached to it. Numerous travellers are employed by the Company, to traverse, the extent of the country subject to its domination, with a View to add to the collection of plants, and which have considerably enriched the science of Bo- 294 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. Allthe species are arranged under their different families, and each family is sent to the Botanist who has given proof of his peculiar fitness for its examination. Mr.G. Bentham, the Caryophyllea and Labiatez ; Dr. Lind- ley the Roseacee ; Mr. De Candolle the Umbellifera, Caprifoliacezee, Loran- thee &c ; M. A. De Candolle the Campanulacee ; And M. Choicy the Convolyuli. Each of these gentlemen receives the first disposable duplicates in the portion confided to him, and is to make them known to the Public. The other specimens are to be divided into collections and distributed into the different countries, so as to prove most efficient in extendinga knowledge of the Botany of India. NEW PLANTS. Lonpon Horticutturat Socreties GArDEN.—The first portion of the very splendid conservatory is rapidly progressing, it is glazed, and the in- terior in a very forward state. It has the advantage of a greater portion of light than any other erection of the kind we ever saw; its construction, ele- gance, and utility are admirably combined. The portion now in progress forms the west wing of what is ultimately to have attached a circular centre, and an east wing. The length of the west wing is one-hundred and eighty- three feet, in breadth thirty feet, and height to the centre of the roof thirty- two feet, forming already a necessary and valuable appendage to the gardens, and we hope the liberality of those gentlemen who have duplicates of new and fine plants, will be extended to furnish it well at an early period. We were much gratified on examining the plants trained against the south wall of the arboretum, several, which are usually grown in the greenhouse, we found growing and flowering freely against the wall. A plant of Leycesteria Formosa had extended five feet high, and spread widely, it had numeroas heads of flowers, the red, purple, and whitish ca- lyxes producing a very pretty effect. Cercis Siliquastrum.— We saw in May and June, clothed with thousands of its lovely rose colored blossoms, this plant covering the wall to a great ex- tent, and now appearing like a large trained fig tree destitute of its foliage, it isnow, November, loaded with seed, which gives it an interesting appear- ance. The plant -deserves a- place wherever it can be introduced, its charming blossoms somewhat the form of those of Rose Acacia, but not on long racemes, it has a most beautiful appearance when in bloom. ‘The tree grows rapidly. Brugmansia Sanguinea.—Several plants had extended some distance, and were then in fine bloom. Solanum Jaciniatum.—This was nine feet high, equally extended; its fine stags horn looking foliage giving it an attractive appearance. The flowers are tolerably sized of a pretty lilac, and are succeeded by fine red fruit having the appearance of good sized capsicums. Physianthus Albicans.—This plant extended ten feet high by ten broad ; the foliage is very pretty, the flowers are white, much the appearance of those of a Syringa; these are succeeded by large green fruit, each about four inches long and three indiameter. It blooms profusely, and is a liberal fruit bearer. 1t merits a place wherever practicable. Lavatera Trilobata.—Extending nine feet by nine, its fine rosy pink flowers (each about three inches across) giving it a very showy and beau- tiful appearance. Ceanothus azareus, ©. azareus palligus.—The former with its numerous and beautiful blue heads of flowers; and the latter with those nearly white were objects of attraction. The plants are neat and rapid in growth, free in blooming, showy and handsome, and ought to be grown wherever they can. Description of many more will be given in our following numbers. A temporary construction, for covering the plants, was erected; a wooden coping extended a foot from the wall, with sloping supporters in front, against which canvass, or woolen netting can be spread, as found necessary. MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. 295 REFERENCE TO PLATE. Erysinum Perorsktanum.—Orange flowered Treacle Mustard. This very handsome and ornamental plant is said to be a native of Persia. Seeds of it were sent to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden in 1838. Lady Mary Cath- cart, of Cathcart, received seeds of it from Caboul, and with them a state- ment that it was a native of Persia. Her Ladyship has observed upon it, that when grown in pots the plants are weak, but when in the open border they are vigorous as the common wall flower, and produce numerous heads of flowers in succession. We have seen it grow in the open borders in vast profusion in the garden of the London Horticultural Society, and there it produced a fine effect. The plant appears to be annual, seeding abundantly, and self sown, produces a host of plants around it, similar to the well known Candy Tuft. The plant grows about half a yard high, with numerous shoots each having a fine spike (some near a foot long) of its showy blossoms. It deserves a place in every flower garden or border, as it blooms freely, is very showy, and continues for several’months in bloom. We have procured a stock of it. Fuscnia Cuanperit.—This very striking kind has been raised by Messrs. Chandlers of the Vauxhall Nursery, London. It is a production between Fuchsia Fulgens and one of the older kinds, probably globoso. The seed was from the latter. It is stated by persons who have had ample means of aScertaining, that fuchsia fulgens impregnated by the other kinds produces plants with flowers similar to the small kinds, but the smaller kinds impreg- _ nated with fulgens produces plants having flowers partaking of the form and colour of the latter. Portutacca GRANDIFLORA RaTiLA. This appears to be a variety raised from grandiflora impregnated with (probably P. Gillesia) some other. It is a very beautiful flowering plant, well meriting a place in every flower gar- den during summer, or to be kept in pots in'an airy greenhouse. The plant, like the other kinda, is difficult to keep throtgh winter, frequently dying of by being kept too damp; it requires to be planted in pots with a good deal of drainage, and be placed high in the centre Of the pet, and with any com- mon care may then be easily kept. ach FLORICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR DECEMBER, Pxant Stove.—Roses, Honeysuckles, Jasmines, Persian Lilacs, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Carnations, Pinks, Primroses, Mignonette, Stocks, Aconites, &c. required to bloom from January, should be brought in early in the pre- sent month, the plants should be placed at first in the coolest part of the house, never allow them to want water. Pots or boxes containing bulbuous rooted flowering plants as Hyacinths Narcissusses, Persian Irises, Crocuses, — &c., should occasionally be introduced so as to have a succession of bloom, AH stove plants will require occasionally syringing over the top in order to wash off any accumulated dust from the foliage. Cactus plants that have been kept out of doors or in the greenhouse, should occasionally be brought into the stove for flowering, which gives a succession, If any of the forced plants be attacked with the green fly, a syringe with dilated Tobacco water will destroy them. If the leaves appear bit, and turn brown the effect of da- mage by red spider, a syringe of soap suds at the under side of the leayes is effectual to destroy them. The glutinous substance remaining not only kills. those it is applied to but presents others returning there. nes Greennovse.—As much fire as will barely keep out frost will be necessary and for the purpose of drying up damp arising from foggy nights, or from 296 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE, watering ; all possible air should be admitted in the day time, but mind to keep the plants from damage of frost. Chrysanthemums will require a very free supply of air, and a good supply of water. By the end of the month ma- ny will be going out of bloom, such should be cut down and if any kind be scarce, the stalks may be cut in short lengths and be struck in heat, always cut the lower end of the cutting close under the joint. If greenhouse plants require watering, or syringing, over the tops, let it be done on the morning of a clearday when air can be admitted, and towards evening a gentle fire heat should be given. Frower Garpen.—Be careful to protect beds of, what are technically called, Florist’s Flowers, should severe weather occur. Calceolarias that were cut down and repotted last month will require attention, not to water too much or they will damp off, keep them in a cool and airy part of the greenhouse or pit. Whilst in a cool and moist atmosphere the shoots will of- ten push at the underside numerous rootlets, where such are produced the shoots should be taken off and potted, they make fine plants for next season, and are easier propagated now than at any other season. Auriculas and Polyanthuses will require plenty of air in fine weather, and but little water ; the like attention will be required to Carnations, Pinks &c., kept in pots. Dahlia roots should be looked over to see if any are moulding or likely to damage, let the roots be dry before they are laid in heaps. New- ly planted shrubs should be secured, so that they are not loosened by the wind. The pots of Carnations.and Piccotees Chava be placed in a situation where they may have a free air, and be raised above the ground ; if they are under a glass case, it will bemuch better than when exposed to the wet and severity of the winter, or many will, in all probability, be destroyed Where it is desirable to leave patches of border flowers undistributed, reduce them to a-suitable size by cutting them round with a sharp spade, When it is wished to have a vigorous specimen, it is requisite to leave a portion thus undisturbed. Ten week stocks, and mignionette, in pots for blooming early next spring to adorn a room or greenhouse, must not be overwatered, and be kept free from frost. A cool frame, well secured by soil or ashes at the sides and plenty of mats or reeds to cover at night will answer well. Tender ever- greens newly planted, would be benefited by a little mulch of any kind being laid over the roots. During hard frosts if additional soil be required for flower beds, upon grass lawns, advantage should be taken to have it conveyed at that time, so that the turf be not injured by wheeling. aA een een ee EN DEK. A. AUTHORS. Page A.B., query by . - 5 104 A Botanist, on the germination of seeds by - . 76 ‘A Constant Reader, answer by ~ : 118 on the cultivation of the dahlia by ol QT ———— — query by : : . 141 A Correspondent, query by : 4 ° ead A Country Subscriber, query by “ : : 80 A Cultivator, on the aloe variegata, by |. - 4 81 A.E., on raising seedling heartsease by * 8 A Foreman of a London aa aitpe on the cultivation of Ericas by : . 127, 176, 203, 225 pmeeeee ) on the cultivation of Epacris’ s by 103 —_——_—_—_—-——— 0n the cultivation of Pelargoniums by 222 An Amateur and Constant Reader, query by. : 67 An Horticulturist, on the Cypress by 152, 171 A Nobleman’s Flower Gardener, on Training Roses by ‘ 198 A Practical Gardener, on the green moss of Rose- trees, &e. 105 on the management of Hot- house Plants by 145 A Subscriber, query by - c : - 19, 257 Audate, query by . : - 19 A Working Gardener, remarks by : - 235 A.X.Z., query by ? - ‘ A 90 ORIGINAL. Aloe variegata, on flowering the ; ; 5 81 Auricula, on the Br 2 : 5 149 NEW PLANTS. Acacia cuneata . s 2 “ : 237 cynophylla ;. . - 214 ZEschynanthus grandiflor us : . 0 18 Agave saponaria ; : ‘ 255 Amphicome arguta, refer to plate . A “ 168 Amygdalus incana 3 : ° 2 255 Aneimopsis Californica ; : ° 66 Angelonia Gardnerii - ; . : 255 Angrecum Armeniacum 5 262 Anigozanthus flavida, var. bicolor. . : 17 — Manglesii : : ; : 239 Anneslea tomentosa ; ; ‘ : 18 Anthocercis littoreus 5 , 4 g 213 2 INDEX. Arbutus procera ° 5 - . Arbutus tomentosa . é . Aristolochia ciliata e : . - Aristolochia hyperborea C c ° Asteracantha longifolia. “ 4 . Azalea Gledstanana . . - : REVIEWS AND EXTRACTS. Amateur Florist’s Assistant, review of MISCELLANEOUS. American Aloe, remarks on the Ants, answer on destroying remarks on 5 ; April, floricultural calendar for 2 : Arnott’s stove, query on : ; . August, floricultural calendar for : ° Auriculas, query on . . . : B. ‘AUTHORS. Barnet, Mr. E., on the culture of Calceolarias by . Bealey, Mr. Richard, on Stove Cacte by . : Bentham, G, Esq., remarks on Salvia patens by . . ORIGINAL. Boiler, on Williams and Co.’s Patent Iron NEW PLANTS. Banisteria tenuis : : : : Bauhinia forficata : - Beauty of Edmonton Pansey, refer to plate Bifrenaria longicornis 4 Bletia Parkinsonia Bolbophyllum cupreum Brassavola cuspidata — Martiniana Burlingtonia maculata Burrielia gracilis . REVIEWS AND EXTRACTS. Boquet or Lady’s Flower-garden, review of MISCELLANEOUS. Brunsvigias, query on blooming : . Bulbs, query on . : . . C. AUTHORS. Camellige, a descriptive list of Camellias by ‘ 262 92 158, 184 262 90 90 94 117 191 19 238 240 120 21 186 21 140 41 210 256 109, 135 90 257 56 INDEX. 0 Page Cives Mundi, query by : f d 119 Claudia, on the feat sticks by ; : i 119 Clericus, on Cape Heaths by 82 - on the cultivation of Thunbergia alata and Thunbergia leucantha by. . 228 on the culture of Clianthus puniceus by : 253 —-— on the effects of situation on Plants by ‘ : 97 remarks on flowering Trees and Shrubs by é 241 remarks on the Jasmine by : . : 1 Conductor, answer by the . - : ¥ 141 —-——- remarks by the - : 188, 212 Crowfoot, on the Ranunculus Asiaticus by : ; 25 Cryptas, queryby . . , - 164 ORIGINAL. Cactus, on the culture of Stove species : 5 102 Calceolarias, on the culture of . A - : 217 Camellias, a descriptive list of . . < 56 Cape Heaths, onmanaging . ; E : 82 Carnation, on the culture of the < 274 Chinese Gardens, on. 12, 37, 61, 85, 107, 132, 155, 180, 206 6, 231, 276 Chinese Gardens, remarks on 5 : 935 Chlidanthus fragrans, on the cultivation of : : 58 Chrysanthemum Indicum, on the cultivation of 83 Clianthus puniceus, on the culture of - ; 253 Cypress, remarks on F $ A z 152, 171 NEW PLANTS. Cacti, Nov. spec. . - P “ A 190 Caladium petiolatum : : : - 186 Callichroa platyglossa . - : : 186 Canospylis juncea - : : : 214 Catasetum poriferum . 7 - 21 Cattleya citrina . é Z : S 210 guttata . - 3 “ Lye Centaurea pulchra . : ; ‘ 214, 237 Ceropegia vinceefolia : : . 187 Chilodia scutellarioides, refer to plate . ; 2 72 Chorizema Ducksonii : a - : 70 elegans : : A : 115, 213 — ovata . . ° 2 ° 215 —— ruscifolia ° < : : 168 —— ovaria, reference to plate : - ; 143 Clethra tomentosa : . - 240 Coelogyne barbata . ‘ : 116 — maculata : 22 _ ovalis A ° . : : 21 Coeloquesia aromatica . ‘ 238 Collinsia heterophylla , ‘ 17 Comparettia coccinea s ‘ 17 Conostylis juncea. ; ‘ . 237 Convolvulus pentanthus, refer fo plate ° ° 168 Cooperia pedunculata . . ‘ . 186 Correa rosea. . =A ‘ 91 Cyanotis axillaris. . : 21 4 : INDEX. Pag Cynoglossum ccelestinum . : = ¥ 187 Cytisus nubigiensis . . 5 ' : 21 Weldenii ; 5 f cae yo, aye MISCELLANEOUS. Calceolarias, query on : ° : 42 Chrysanthemum, query on the ; : 42 Clematis Siebaldii and C. Coerulea erandifiora, remarks on 235 1. ORIGINAL. Dahlia, on the culture ofthe . : : 4 73 NEW PLANTS. Danbenya fulva . . . : . 256 Dariesia saligna A : eos) Dendrobium, Aureum ; 3; var. pallidum : : 116 bicamuratum . - : - 240 —crumenatum . 3 . ° 116 —_-————- formosum . . ‘ ape o —— Jenkensii : ; - ‘ 187 - sulcatum - - § 18 Dianthus, on the Carnation, by - . F 274 Dichoea ochracea c : . : SEY Dillwynia glycinifolia . : . : 213 speciosa : . . - 239 Diplacus puniceus, refer to plate . ° 7 190 Dr. Horner Picoste, refer to plate 0 : : 90 MISCELLANEOUS. Dahlias, answer on raising : 5 A 42 Dahlia flower, query on the criterion cf a 3 234 Dahlia show, remarks on the Birmingham : SM Dry Rot, query on the : 2 : A 141 E. AUTHORS. Edinensis, on striking plants from cuttings, by ; : 29 ORIGINAL. Epacris’ s, on the culture of A ‘ é 103 Ericas, on the cultivation of ‘ : 127, 176, 203, 225 NEW PLANTS. Echium giganteum - ‘ - : 213 ——— grandiflorum . : “ ; oars? Eclipse Pansey ; refer to plate : : 3 120 Edwardsia Macknabiara ; 4 : Heel 87 Epacris ceriflorus : : 5 - 239 INDEX. Epacris coccineus, 187; refer to plate . : : ——— Copelandi . : : ‘ impressa, 186; refer to plate : ° . onosmifolia : _ . . Epidendrnum bicornutum é 3 . . Candollei . “ . Ericas . A . : . . tricolor. ° : . . Eryssimum Perofskianum 5 : . 238, Euribia glutinosa : : ° . F., ; AUTHORS. F, B. 8. E., observations upon the Me ang va of Fungi, by . Flora, on the Auricula, by . : . —-——, on the culture of florist’s flow ers, by : ——v—, on the interest and pleasure of cultivating flower 's, by ——-—, on Photogenic drawing, by : : Forbes, Mr. J., on culture of the Tulip, by. p Forest, Mr. John, on the present style of gardening, by. Freestone, Mr. R., on the cultivation of the Chrysanthemum In- dicum, by 5 . huis : . ORIGINAL. Florist’s flowers, on the culture of c . . Flowering trees and shrubs, remarkson . : ‘ Flowers, on the interest and pleasure of cultivating . Fungi, observations upon the vegetation of 2 - NEW PLANTS. Fabiana imbricata - ° e Fuchia Wormaldi; refer to ‘plate “ ° ° MISCELLANEOUS. Fairy rings, remarks on . < 5 e February, floricultural calendar for . : . Firs, remarks on the Seotch and Larch 5 Flower gardens, remarks on models of : j Flowers, query on a priced list of é 3 3 Flower seeds, remarks on : A é ‘ Fuchia Fulgens, remarks on : : 4 Fungi, query on : ‘ . ° ° G: AUTHORS. Gardner, Mr. W., on Williams and Co’s. patent iron boiler by Geldert, Mr. G., on the Gallardia picta by ? 5 G. G., on foreing the Lily of the ae by . i -——, query by Griffith, W., Esq., on the culture of the Lilium Japonieum by 5 Page 215 91 215 238 18 237 190 65 256 268 193 149 31 201 265 280 121 83 31 241 201 193 238 263 91 47 68 212 164 21 188 164 229 50 34 90 179 6 INDEX. ORIGINAL. Gallardia picta, on striking the, from cuttings Gardening, on the present style of Germination of seeds, on the Geraniums, a list of the most beautiful Greenhouse plants, a list of the most splendid Green moss on rose trees, on the E NEW PLANTS. Galactodendron utile . 2 P Gardoquia betonicoides ; A General Wolfe pansey; refer to plate . Genista fragrans 3 ; Gesneria elongata F P : — marchii : . stricta ‘ . Giadiolus ramosus; refer to plate . Glaucum rubrum ‘ ° Gloxinia grandiflora F Gompholobium polymorphum ; refer to plate Gompholobium versicolor, 214, refer to plate Gongora nigritia : ’ A Goodyera rubicunda ‘ Grevillia thelamanniana : REVIEWS & EXTRACTS. Gardeners’ Gazette, extract from F MISCELLANEOUS, Gardens of the Horticultural Society, remarks on the Royal Botanic Society, remarks on the Geraniums, query on : . Grafts of trees, remarks on Greenhouse, query on a H. AUTHORS. Hirst, Mr. James, remarks by . : H. M. E., answer by 3 5 Hope, query by : . H. W., query by . e ° ORIGINAL. Heartsease, on raising seedling . A remarks on the propagation of Honeysuckle, on the . : Hot-house plants, on the management of NEW PLANTS. Hemerocallis rutilans . : ' Heteropha asaroides ° Hibiscus. violacea, refer to plate . 43, 69, 92, 234, Page 50 121 76 57 5 105 161 116 120 189 233 210 210 143 238 214 191 215 240 214 238 118 119 113 257 68 89 INDEX. Hovea manglesii, refer to plate pungens, 116, 143, refer to plate Hoya coriacea . Hydrangeas MISCELLANEOUS, Herbaceous plants, query on. Horticultural Society of London, remarks on ‘the exhibition of the Hyacinths, remarks on raising native r Hybridising, remarks on. : Hybrid Plants, remarks on : Hygrothermanic apparatus, remarks on the I. AUTHORS, e Ibbett, Mr. T., on the culture of the Ranunculus, by . ORIGINAL. Jxia, on the culture of the . 5 NEW PLANTS. Inga Harrisii a Tsotropsis striatus, reference to plate ° Ipomea longifolia ° . (unnamed species) : ° MISCELLANEOUS. Ink suited for writing with upon metallic labels, query on _ —,, aiswer on J. AUTHORS. J. B. H., remarks by - ; ORIGINAL. Jasmine, remark on the é e NEW PLANTS. Joan of Are Pg Armerne refer to plate Jonopsis teres . MISCELLANEOUS. January, Floricultural Calendar for July, Floricultural Calendar for June, Floricultural Calendar for 49 106 210 190 262 91 90 118 262 8 “INDEX. Page KK. AUTHORS. Knight, T. A., Esq., on propagating Trees by cuttings, by . 53 NEW PLANTS. Kennedya inophylla . : 5 . . 238 (new) . . . . 239 King of Heartsease, refer to plate . . . 120 L. AUTHORS. L. C., answer by c 3 . 90 London, Mr. R., a list of Geraniums by . : 57 Louisa, query by : 7 4 . ° 234 ORIGINAL. Lilium Japonicum, on the culture of the : : 179 REVIEWS AND EXTRACTS. Little English Flora, review of . ‘ - A 138 NEW PLANTS. Lagunea Pattersonii ° : : ° 91 Leonotis nepetefolia 3 ¥ s s 41 Leycestoria formosa ; . 41 Lilium lancifolium roseum, ‘refer to plate . . 48 _ longiflorum j ; : : 213 tenuifolium . 5 : : 7 239 Thunbergium ; 5 : : 209, 239 Lipusis pendula 5 . - : : 22 Lobelia ramosa, refer {o plate ‘ ; : 263 Leelia albida 5 A : : - 92,256 = autumnalis 4 . . 139, 209 Lord Durham pansey, refer to plate ° : ° 120 Lupinus barkeri. 5 5 : 256 MISCELLANEOUS. Lisianthus Russellianus, query on ° . . 211 M. ORIGINAL,! Mimulus, on the treatment of the, in pots : . 151 NEW PLANTS. Mahernia pimata . . ; : ° 213 Malachenia clayata : j * 262 Page Malva Creeana, refer to plate ? : 4 23 maritima 7 : 5 : 21 mauritiana. 5 . ‘ : 238 Matthiola odoratissima . : ; : 139 Maxillaria lentiginosa 5 , : A 214 macrophylla 2 : . . 22 porrecta . . é 5 . 22 tenuifolia c s é ; 65 Medicaso clypeata . ; . . : 214 Mormodes pardina . : : : 2 MISCELLANEOUS. Malva fulleriana, query on : c : 3 90 March, Floricultural Calendar for . 5 F 71 May, Floricultural Calendar for ; . - 119 Michaelmas asters on _ 5 5 A 211 ~~, N. NEW PLANTS. Nepeta salviefolia . ae: . : - 262 Notylia Barkeri . ; o a 46 incurva - : : ite C 22 micrantha 4 ° . - 46 punctata ° « . ° ° 46 tenuis, . 2 ; A 46 Nuttalia cordata ° - ; . - 239 - malveeflora A : A - 263, 239 MISCELLANEOUS, November, Floricultural Calendar for A 5 : 264 O. NEW PLANTS. C£theria oeculata ; “ 5 ie 21 Oncidium Forbesii, refer to plate : : : 72 pulvinatum : : : : 233 trulliferum F “ - . 256 unicorne F 5 ; 238 Oxylobium capitatum “| ; 5 70 : MISCELLANEOUS.! October, Floricultural Calendar for - . ° 240 i a AUTHORS. P., query by : : ‘ . : 235 Pense, remarks on the propagation of Heartsease, by : 220 10 Z INDEX. ORIGINAL. cay Pelargoniums, on the cultivation of . : 3 229 Photogenia, drawing on f : ‘ ‘ 265 Pinks, remarks on superb . 273 Plants and Flowers, on the pleasure and profit Oe "from cultivating . 169 , cbservations on the effects of situation and exposure on different kinds of : ‘ - . 97 ,on striking from cuttings : : ‘ 29 , on the food of “ : : : 9 NEW PLANTS. Peonia festiva albiflora ° : E . 239 Palemonium pulchellum * F : 91 Papaver amoenum 7 : 5 238 Penstemon gentianoides, refer to plate ° ' 264 Phaius bicolor . : . : 214 Pharbitis diversifolia, refer to plate . : 96 Philibertia grandiflora, refer to plate c ~ FS 96 Physolobium elatum - 3 - = 70 Pimelia Hendersoni . ° : : . 140 hypericafolia . ° . Fi 213 incana : : . : : 116 prostrata . - 4 # 238 Pinus Hartwegii : : . . . 214 Pleurothalis muscoidea . . F . 46 Podolobium storophyllum . . : “ 213. Polygonum amplexicaule . A . ° 214 Portulacea grandiflora . . : : 262 MISCELLANEOUS. Pansies, answer on — < : - e 14) , query on . . : . 141, 234 Pelargoniums, a listof 20% . A ° 213 Plantain, remarks on the . ~ 119 Plants, remarks on retarding the blooming (0) a : 94 Polyanthuses, query on . : . ° 67 R. AUTHORS. Rosa, on the double yellow Rose by : 251 Rutgar, Mr., on the culture of the Ixia and Gladioli by . 106 ORIGINAL. Ranunculus Asiasticus, on the culture of the ° : 25 on the culture of the - 2 : ~ 49 Rose, on the double yellow : : : : 251 —— on the ever-blowing China - ° ; 15 remarks on the ° : J 14, 35,59 — s, on training ° : ~ - 198 INDEX. NEW PLANTS. Rhododendron Osbornii, refer to Plate. Roella elegans, refer to plate E Rosa maculata, refer to plate Rossie . A : Ruellia ciliatiflora : ; Ruelzia fragrans . . Russelia juncea, refer to plate - MISCELLANEOUS. Ranunculus, remarks on . ° Rosa Hibernica : < Ss. AUTHORS. S., query by 5 ° Scotus, answer by = - query by 5 . remark by . - ORIGINAL, Salvia patens, remarks on . . NEW PLANTS. Salvia Confertiflora, refer to plate 263 Salvia patens, refer to plate : Saponaria perfoliata . : Senecio odoratus Siphocanipylus spicata, refer to plate Solanum candidum j : Sophronitis grandiflora ° . Spirea cuneilfolia . . —— laxiflora : - P ——— vaccinifolia 5 7 Stachys coccinea : : . Stanhopea tigrina - . Statice arborea : - Stenochilius incanus : 4 —— longifolia c . ° Sterenlia acerifolia . MISCELLANEOUS. September, floricultural calendar for 4 hs AUTHORS. Terra, on the food of plants by . Tillingtoniensis, query by . . 3 ll Page 168 263 191 239 140 239 48 68 42 257 42 42 43 ol 216 47 =- 12 INDEX. ORIGINAL. Thunbergia alata and T— ieucantha, culture of : Trees, on the propagation of by cuttings in Summer . Tulip, on the culture of the . 3 . NEW PLANTS. Tabernz montania coronaria ©. : . c Thunbergia aurantia, refer to plate . . ——— Hawtownia, 46, refer to plate s 5 Thysanotus isanthera : : - P _— —— proliferus . 3 : : é Trichinum alopecuroide : : Trichocentron iridifolium a . : Tropzolum brachyceros . 5 . . — tricolorum ——_——— tuberosum : = : : Tweedia coerulea, refer to plate ‘ - ° —— grandiflora. - : . V. NEW PLANTS. Vanda congesta ° : . - . Verbena Fergusoni ‘ . : 3 pulcherrima . : ° ote teucroides, refer to plate: : Z Veronica formosa ° . . ; Viburnam Japonicum . . ° : MISCELLANEOUS. Vegetation of the Cape of Good; aoe and Van Dieman’s Land, remarks on - F i nue Vieusseuxia pavonica, query on : ‘ Ww. AUTHORS. Williamson Mr. Benjamin, on superb Pinks by W. J. C., a list of the most beautiful green-house plants by W. Mz P., on the treatment of Mimulus in pots by . . Woodmansey Mr. W., on the pleasure of cultivating plants by NEW PLANTS. Wisteria atrosanguinea : : : . MISCELLANEOUS.” Warwickshire Floral and Horticultural Society’s exhibition, re- marks on A : : é Watering plants, query on : . Page 228. 53 280 213 191 OR 214 214 139 18 142 142 142 215 239 INDEX. 13 Page Page ¥ AUTHORS. Y.M., query by . : 3 - : 90 PLANTS FIGURED IN VOL. VII. 1839, Amphicome arguta . ; 3 ° 145. 168 Beauty of Edmonton Pansey - - S720 Chilodia seutellarioides : a 4 49. 72 Chorizema ruscifolia : : ; LAS Ce 1G8 varlum ss, 5 5 : NON a ag LG Convolvulus pentanthus 5 : 5 14542 EGS Diplacus puniceus, . a < 169 . 190 Dr. Horner’s Picotee : 6 Ages 5 Eclipse Pansey 5 ; : - S78 FZ Epacris coccineus : F . 1OBF 205 impressa; var. parviflora : ° UB RI Erysimum Peroskianum . : : 205 Fuchia Wormaldii : : ZS 26s Chandlerii s 5 ae 265 General Wolfe Pansey - - A Sin 120 Gladiolus ramosus é 5 * 121 , 148 Gompholobium polymorphum_ , i ° 1G9e%. 5 196 —— versicolor . - : NOS) CMS Hibiscys violacea . ° ° 5 Zl. 263 Hovea manglesii . - : 4 73) ee 96 pungens . . : . 145 . 168 Isotropis striatus : 3 “ 1697.) §190 Joan of Are Pelargonium : . é 121. «143 King of Heartsease are Fs : 97 = 120 Lilium Cancifolium ; var. roseum - . 25 . 48 Lobelia ramosa . - - 218 . 263 Lord Durham Pansey 5 : ‘ Dee 220 Malva Creeara . a A 6 1 Oem ae Oncidium Forbesii . ° ° . EC pea 97 19- Penstemon gentianoides : : : 241 . 264 Pharbitis diversifolia . . - 3 Go s<- & 9B Philiberta grandiflora . 5 - 7s 2 196 Portulacea grandiflora; var. rutila 0 c 265 Rhododendron Osbornii : A 5 145 . 168 Roella elegans A ° ° . 218 . 263 Rosa maculata , > - : 169R. 090 Russelia juncea “ . : : 25 . 48 Salvia confertiflora : : - Dee. 263 patens . 5 . . iS oS: Siphocamphylus spicat : . : 24l.. 263 Thunbergia aurantia . : 5 . 69). aot Hawtonia 2 : : 169) 56 Lou Tweedia coerulea ° 5 : 193; 2 SOs Verbena teucroides F : - ee rs : = | My ane eee fae, anne ct : en eapanrat seine) 744 ) % Pei o, he Ie ao eer . J ta 5 melee " ere i were i isa . , . hah Paks ‘ ; < « . Pas . ey . * sighing. tay, hy . i A . . , if J 5 } . ¢ Tbs re Sct ae a Rae eet ee - S . pure Ne ies A canes e6. ‘ eS ee be ¢ gente. ase, as we vif | sk soa ates prohibery traditfe FAL eS SE a ae nie ey t } egy . iivivedaO + Mia pe Peseatbe. 5. coperi: Ona tis ial dae + Beal be atl ars ace ntt ape eo. Es aT Was. +3) ip 5 he it Haare 26 ae» Ee eR 34 ihe ey Th | alan aragehgind Ls s OEP Re » Srp 7c. Migae: stsizoume «Sees se ig sical niseniiey | “esaihiontua 2-3 hegek: ary ae en iS ee ; ‘J Rn ADVERTISEMENTS. xvii BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION FOR THE RELIEF OF AGED AND INDIGENT GARDENERS. Ata Meeting of the Committee, holden this day, the Accounts of the Institution were examined; and the Committee are happy in informing the Subscribers that they intend, at the General Meeting in January next, to give notice that an Election of Pensioners will take place agreeably to the regulations. ‘The Committee, therefore, request that persons desirous of voting at the ensuing Election will forward their Subscriptions. Wright’s Hotel, Strand, 2\st November, 1539. DE CANDOLLE’S BOTANY. On the 16th of December will be published, in Two Vols., 8vo., in cloth, lettered, with near Thirty Plates, price 28s., VEGETABLE ORGANOGRAPHY, Or an Analytical Description of the Organs of Plants. By A. P. De Canvo.itz. Translated by Boucuton Kinepon, Esq. This is the only Translation of this celebrated Work which has been published in this country; and it is universally acknowledged to be more practically useful for the Botanieal Student than any other in the English Language. « An indispensable addition to the botanical library..”—Literary Gazette. “Tt cannot fail to prove acceptable and highly useful to the English student of botany. It is vigorously translated, and got up in a handsome style.”— Monthly Review. «This has long been a desideratum to the English botanist.”—Tait's Edin- burgh Magazine. “ We are glad to see this translation, it will indeed be a great desideratum to the English reader.”—The Botanist. “This is a valuable addition to our botanical literature.” — Gardeners’ Gazette. “We most strongly recommend this work to all who have a taste for plants.” — Gardeners’ Magazine. London: Houlston and Stoneman, 65, Paternoster-row, and Houlston and Hughes, 154, Strand. b xviii ADVERTISEMENTS. JOSEPH HARRISON, PROPRIETOR AND CONDUCTOR OF * HARRISON’S FLORICULTURAL CABINET,” Reseeervely invites the attention of Readers to the very peculiar adapted medium which his Publication offers for advertising Books, Plants, Seeds, Roots, Horticultural and Agricultural Implements, or any other advertising conmunication requiring extensive pub- licity. He announces with pleasure that the FLioricuLruraL CaBINET now enjoys a circulation unequalled, and far more exten- swe than any other similar work ever yet published, having a monthly sale of near Jen Thousand copies. This circumstance alone renders the Advertisements which appear in its pages quite efficient for all the purposes which they are intended to serve, and clearly proves that the Cabinet possesses additional advantages to which no other Floricultural Publication can yet justly lay claim. TERMS. 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