G2 i/ SE N/} Florida Scientist Volume 39 | Supplement I! Program Issue THE FORTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ACADEMY in conjunction with THE FLORIDA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE and THE FLORIDA SECTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS featuring the Academy Symposium SOLAR ENERGY and special program on the OTL LEASE AREA IN THE GULF Eckerd College Sf, recrerspure, Florida March 18, 19, 20. 1976 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES PROGRAM ISSUE PRICE $2.00 FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OFFICERS 1975-1976 President --------------- William H. Taft, University of South Florida President-elect ------ Patrick J. Gleason, Florida Flood Control District VeGLetary ==—=————=——-- == eS —-— 24 --55 Irving G. Foster, Eckerd College Treasurer ------------------- Anthony F. Walsh, Orange Memorial Hospital Program Chairman --------------------- Joseph F. Mulson, Rollins College TABLE OF CONTENTS General InfOLMAELON. . 06.6 6 0 6 0 6 06 0 0 6 6 6 6 4 le © © 66 © 6) 5 6) 6 6) cite 6) ele) oe citelie/hoitan eens an nnn LOGGING. wcrc cccc eres ssece sce reser es ones sace se «6 6 © 6 6 6) © collie ee i i ParkingGerccrceccserecevveseererrrevesccreseeeese tense 6 © 6 vi #elsinte REGiStratLon. cevecsevccscccvsesesevsevrsssesceessecessses 6 6 os 5) ummm TYANSPOTCACLON. cecccveesesesesrssesesesecessesucsvess es 6 © * ui mine i BaNQuetsecveeccccescsrcrsrsrvesvrsessvvesnsevsicvese vee ol « 6 0 «) slisiieiieisite =n Chronological Program of EVGMES © os 00 6 6 0 6 6 6 016 0 © 6 © 610) l0 sic) eilel ellcirelloleitentlts item nt namnnnn Li ¢ Special Program: MAFLA Lease Area StUdLSS 6 icc 6 ts 6 we 8 we Eee we 8 Gel a tb Orie a altel ol cee Leena iv Symposium: Solar ENCL BV es ce sso rc ce esc c reser ses ree rnnseesceerecce vine «6 ae alee niet nn Section Programs: Biological Sciences... Earth and Planetary Scilences..cserccsnacnsvccessc ss 06 ow 0 a6 oem ne Environmental Chemistr Medical Sciences... .cccvvcusvcee 666 0 66 8 0 6 6 66 se 0 6 0 S/o yece) oc (0) rn Physical ScLE@nNceS ss coe 0 os 00 6 6 66 6 bie sie oe © w ones dole le one inl 6p een manana Selence Teaching. 20 .scosce 6 80 6 00 0 0 66 0% 60.0 6 ale 0.6 06 © se, 1/0) olte talents Social ScLences . oss oe Bess sh 0 0 6 6 0.6 & 0h ow 0 0 nee 6) © veil ieolKe, 66) coronene nnn nnn session of 5 American Association of Physics Teachers...c.cscecscees oc 0 «i iiuien Maps: St. Petersburg Area. rccsccscccvecsevsevevssescecvese cic so LiKe 2c mney Eckerd College Campus.... eeese3ce#ees#eeewe#4«55eeensveervreerseenreeeveeeeeenvneerteee @ Back Cover Note:Members of the Florida Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers, there will be a business meeting at 3:30 pm, Thursday after- noon, March 18, 1976, in the Science Center room P-112. Florida Scientist aL FORTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES at ECKERD COLLEGE, ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA MARCH Mes 19, 20, 1975 All registrants for the Senior and Junior Academy meetings and the Amer- ican Association of Physics Teachers are welcome to attend all sessions of all organizations, Eckerd College The college is located on 34th Street South (Route 19) at 54th Avenue South (the Bavway) less than a mile from the north end of the skyway. Meetings All Senior Academy meetings will be held at or near the Sheen Science Center. Sufficient parking area near the weience Center wilt be available for FAS visitors. See campus map back cover for locations. Registration A registration desk wiil be set up in the Suncoast Room ae Suncoast: Village from 7:30-9:30 pm, Thursday, March te. On Eriday and Saturday the megistration desk will be located in the lobby of the Sheen Science Center. The Begisctration fee is S500, but this fee is waived for students, Iransportation Tampa International is the nearest airport. Limousine Service to Eekerd College and ats vicinity costs $4.75 per person. College station wagons will make regular trips to and from Suncoast Village at posted hours during Friday and Saturday. Parking See campus map on the back cover for parking areas. Saturday, 54th Avenue South entrance will be closed. Lodging Make your reservations as soon as possible. March is a very busy season. A block of rooms has been set aside for FAS members and their guests at the headquarters motel, Suncoast Village. Register before March 11th. Suncoast Village Motel 813-867-1111 Other motels are: Sheraton Bel Air and Marina Howard Johnson Motor Lodge 813-867-1151 813-867-3171 Holiday Inn South Motel 6 813-867-3131 813-867-3181 Food Service Each of the motels (except Motel 6) has a dining room. The college cafeteria is available through lunch on Sat- upday at E£ixed prices: breakfast $1.45, lunch $1.65, and dinner 52.. 00), On 34th Street South are the Oyster Bar, Ponderosa Steak House and Seaman's Cove, less than two miles from Eckerd. Florida Scientist Academy Banquet Academy Banguet Cash Bar INVITE YOUR FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES TO JOIN THE ACADEMY AND ATTEND THE MEETING Local Arrangements Committee Chairman-------- Annual Banquet---- Billy H. Maddox Audio-visual---- Exhibits-------- Publicity------- Registration---- =- Ivving iG Hoste: =—) Philip Re henge usion =-| John, C.5 Ferguson -- George K. Reed =- George W. Lofquist This event will be held Friday night at Suncoast Vil) preceded by a cocktail hour; cocktails 6:30 pm, @ims 7:30 pm. Total cost of dinner is 36,00, : h« he , ah ae ao This event will be held Friday night at Suncoast Village > preceded by a cocktail hour; cocktails 6:30 pm, dinner oP 7:30 pm. Total. cost of dinner wewoo.ce. There will be a cash bar ($1.50 per drink) im the ieee coast Village Thursday evening. Wilbur F. Block Florida Scientist “NI OV Wo (oo) (o) WR H a un 1 Senior Junior Junior Senior Annual md S&S #2 12 £2 Thursday Afternoon, March 18, 1976 High Literary Papers Friday Morning, March 19, 1976 High Literary Papers Friday Afternoon, March 19, 1976 High Experimental Papers Saturday Morning, March 20, 1976 High Experimental Papers Saturday Afternoon, March 20, 1976 Business Meeting Saturday Evening, March 20, 1976 mS 200 :00 5 G5 Ue § PROGRAM OF EVENTS Florida Academy of Sciences Thursday Afternoon, Council Meeting Council Dinner Social Hour Friday Morning, March 19, Special Program March 18, Triton Roon, 1976 Science Center P-104 Dining Hall Suncoast Village Motel 19:76 MAFLA Lease Area Studies Language Biological Sciences Section Marine Zoology Science Earth and Planetary Sciences Science Environmental Chemistry Science Medical Sciences Section Science Physical Sciences Section Science Science Teaching Section Science Social Sciences Section Science Friday Afternoon, March 19, 1976 Business Meeting of the Academy Biological Sciences Section Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Triton Room Center Center Center Center Center Center Center H-413 P-118 P-306 P-112 P-323 P-104 P-408 P-314 Pg.iv ee Pie «0 Pe. l7 Pg.20 Pe,22 Pg.26 Pe. 27 , Od nine da 1 P-306 P-323 P-408 P—112 P-104 P-314 P-118 Suncoast Village General Zoology Science Animal Physiology Science Earth and Planetary Sciences Business Meeting Science Environmental Chemistry Science Physical Sciences Section Science Social Sciences Section Science Symposium-- Solar Energy Science Friday Evening, March 19, 1976 Annual Academy Banquet Saturday Morning, March 20, 1976 Biological Sciences Section General Botany Science General Zoology Science Earth and Planetary Sciences Science Center Center Center American Association of Physics Teachers Saturday Morning, Presentation of Papers Mareh 20, 1976 Science Junior Academy of Sciences Center Science Music Music Music Science Don P-323 P-306 P-104 Pa LeZ Center Center Center Center Center Ce Sar Pea29 P=116 R-101 R-101 R-101 P-118 Hotel Florida Scientist iv SPECIAL PROGRAM This program is dedicated to papers dealing with the environmental studies of the MAFLA Lease area, which is the oil drilling area off the shores of Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Friday 8:00 am Room Language Center H-413 James E. Alexander, presiding 8:00am MAFLA - James E. Alexander 8:15am Benthic Sampling in the MAFLA Area - N. Blake and F. Manheim 8:35am Physical Oceanography of the MAFLA - an Overview - K. Carder anid) MeakO mm Ramicer 8:55am General Sedimentary Characteristics of the MAFLA Region — L. Doyle, W. Huang, IT. Mayou, B. Birdsall, G. Hayward ana C. Tsokos. 9:l5am The Role of Geophysics in Biolothologic Mapping of the Ane Continental Shelf — Tf. E. Pyle, 3. ©. McCarehy > (baue Neurauter, V. J. Henry and Ms. M. Bai. 9:35am Hydrocarbons in the Sediments, Water Column and Organisms of the Northeast Gulf of Mexico - J. Calder & J. & IT... Lyte P, A. Myers 10:10am Sources and Movements of Suspended Materials and Sediments on the MAFLA Continental Shelf = P. Betzer, B. J. Prestem 10:30am Histopathology, an Ecological Tool |for MAFLA Epi taunay N. Blake, P. Yevich 10:50am Significantly Associated Groups of Polychaete Species inthe MAPiA avea— Be Vbbtor and Hh. Neiez ver li:1l0am The Role of Microorganisms in the Environmental.Monitoring oF the MAFLA Area - W.Bock and D. Moore 11:30am The Distribution of Algae and Selected Invertebrates in the “ MAFLA Lease Area - T. S. H.pkins lee Si Oram a ela WIN Git 12:40pm An Examination of the Demersal Fish Fauna for the MAFLA Lease Area - G. Mayer, S. Bortone, R. Shipp and) Ri Barrd 1:00pm Phytoplankton, Standing Crop and Productivity of the Mame east Gu of Mexico - R. Iverson 1:20pm Zooplankton Interactions with the Water Column Environment hh. Mature, We. Ineram, J Catdweilt 1:40pm Neuston of the MAFLA Lease Area = 5. (Collard 2:00pm Hurrican ELOISE — T. S. Hopkins 2:20pm Summary of Conference - F. T. Manheim Florida Scientist Vv GENERAL INTEREST SESSION SYMPOSIUM--SOLAR ENERGY Friday 3:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding Practical Application of Solar Energy in Florida-Douglas Root-Consultant In 1951 more than 50,000 solar water heaters were in use in the Miami area. More than twenty solar water heater companies were listed in the Miami telephone directory. Most of those companies and 90% of those wa- ter heaters had disappeared by 1970. However, the oil embargo and sub- sequent escalation of fossil fuel prices have refocused public attention on the practical application of solar energy. Solar heat collectors are being produced by industrial giants (PPG, Revere, GE...), by plumbing supply companies of more moderate size (State Industries, Hughes Supply..) and by small individual proprietorships in the back rooms of neighbor- hood plumbing shops. Some consumers are installing solar water and swimming pool heaters in residences and commercial buildings, bt the United States Government is currently the only volume purchaser of “he units being produced. The Federal Government plans to spend at least 50 million dollars within the next few years to demonstrate the technological and economic feas- ibilty of heating and cooling buildings with solar energy. In the body of the paper the decline of interest in the practical ap- plication of solar energy which occurred during the 1960's is analyzed from a causal standpoint. The materials and design characteristics of solar heat collecting de- vices now being manufactured are discussed from the standpoint of ad- vantageous and disadvantageous features. The economic health of the reemerging solar hardware industry is studied. Solar Research at the University of Florida Solar Energy and Energy Conversion Laboratories--Herbert A. Ingley--University of Florida- Over the past twenty years the University of Florida's Solar Labor- atories have continuously contributed to the knowledge we now utilize in solar energy applications. Presently the University of Florida laboratories are investigating many of the principles established in the past in light of state-of-the-art materials and techniques. Areas under research include space heating and cooling with solar energy, refrigeration, solar distillation, solar to electric power conversion, and solar cooking to name a few. This paper presents a review of the work done as well as an overview of present research endeavors. A look at future projects such as the United Nations project for establishing worldwide rural energy centers will also be discussed, The Role of the Florida Solar Energy Center in Solar Systems Research and Commercialization--Delbert Ward--Florida Solar Energy Center. No abstract received, J. Richard Williams--Georgia Institute of Technology--Author of the book, "Solar Energy Technology and Applications". No title or abstract received. Florida Scientist Florida Scientist i BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Prtegy, 9:00 am Room Science Center P-118, MARINE ZOOLOGY Sheldon Dobkin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding 9:00 am BS-1 The Johnson-Sea-Link submersibles--tools for in situ marine research.* R. M. AVENT, Harbor Branch Foundation.--After a six- month trial period the Johnson-Sea-Link (J-S-L) submersible system has proven to be an effective tool for macrofaunal and geological. mapping, and for the collection of marine specimens under accurately known condi- tions. The ability to return to selected sites on a routine basis, in concert with lockout diving offers exceptional opportunities to conduct in situ experiments at depths beyond the practical limits of SCUBA diving. A brief review of J-S-L research activities and performance characteris-— tics is given. * : : Research funded by the Harbor Branch Foundation, Inc. 9:15 am BS-2 Reproductive biology of a northern population of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus* i LANDAU, USDA, Gainesville.-- B. eburneus has a range extending from New England to South America and is highly conspicuous along the Florida. coasts. The reproduction of this barnacle has been studied in warm-water environments! »2, but little is known about reproduction in B. eburneus near its northern limits. A population at the eastern end of Long Island, New York was studied for a period of two years. Following Orton's Rule, a single reproductive period, commencina in the early summer, was found. Laboratory induced spawning experiments indicate that mass cross-fertilization will occur under summer-simulated conditions. Evidence for self- fertilization will be discussed. ‘Research supported by a Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation Fellowship pp. R. Bacon, Carib. J. Sci. 11, 81 (1971) Bo a--Bacon: J..Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 6. 187 (1971) 9:30 am BS-3 Oxygen Uptake in Sabella melanostigma SUSAN R. KAYAR, BARBARA N. BURKETT, Univ. of Miami.--The polychaete Sabella melano- stigma (Sabellidae) is numerous on walls of canals in the Florida Keys. Under certain conditions the oxygen in the waters of these canals reportedly can drop to levels that are hypoxic for many organisms. Studies on the oxygen uptake rate of this polychaete indicate, however, that its gas exchange is not likely to be limited under such conditions. The significance of the blood pigment chlorocruorin in this species is considered. 9:45 am BS-4 Observations on the zoogeographic distribution of some fouling organisms from the Indian River region of Florida. D. Mook. The Harbor Branch Foundation Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida.--Most Indian River fouling Organisms are tropical in affinity. Those that settle exclusively in the summer months have a very narrow tropical distribution while those that settle all year round and those that settle only in the winter months have a much wider distribution, often extending well into the warm temperate regions. Observations on the general distribution of some fouling organisms are discussed. 10:00 am BS-5 Fungi from the Hindgut of Uca pugilator Bosc. Collected in the Tampa Bay Area. SARA E. LECROY and DIANE T. WAGNER-MERNER, Department of Biology, Univ. of South Florida.--Trichomycetes harbored in the hindgut of-Uca pugilator are described. Crab size, sex and location are discussed in relation to the occurrence of these fungi. 10:15 am COFFEE BREAK Florida Scientist oD . 10:30 am BS-6 Observations on the Octocoral Fauna of the Grand Bahama Sea Cliff Offshore of Lucaya/Freeport, Dianne Grimm and Thomas S. Hopkins, University of Alabama, Marine Science Program. Utilizing the Perry Hydrolab habitat located in 23 meters of water, saturated divers worked at 61 meters(200') for up to 60 minutes. At 53-55 meters there is a distinct faunal replacement with the Families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae being replaced by the families Paramuricidae, Nephtheidae, and Nidaliidae along with a representative of the Alcyoniidae. This study extends the range of 13 species to the Bahamas, and clearly establishes Eunicea knighti previously reported exclusively from the Gulf of Mexico. The occurrence of Muriceopsis petila establishes a new northern limit for its range. Swifta exserta, Hypnogorgia pendula, Scleracis guadalupensis, Thesa granulosa, Thesa | parviflora ‘lora (Paramuricidae), Eunephyta sp. (Nephtheidae) and Nidalia occidentalis (Nidaliidae)are the dominant deep water forms. *Research supported by MUST office of NOAA; University of West Florida Faculty Research Funds. 10:45 am BS-7 On the reversal of the covering response in Lytechinus variegatus. J. M. LAWRENCE, Univ. So. Fla.-- Non-exclusive explanations postulated for the cover- ing response of sea urchins are: increase in weight to decrease susceptibility to action of currents or waves, protection from predation, protection from ultraviolet light, involvement in extracellular "skin digestion", and simple reflexive activity. An observation that indicates that the basis for activity is indeed reflexive (what- ever consequences may result from it) is the reversal of the covering response (i.e., movement of material orally) by inverted urchins that is indistinguishable from the activity of the tube feet associated with the righting response. The conclusion of Dambach and Hentschel” is supported. I thank Dr. G. Hendler for his assistance. Work done at the Galeta Laboratory of the Tropical Research Station of the Smithsonian Institution. 1M. Dambach and G. Hentschel. Mar. Biol. 6, 135 (1970) 1100 am BS-8 Neuston Communities of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Continental Shelf * P. Steele and S. B. Collard, The University of West Florida. Thirty neuston ee: were collected in one MAFLA oil-lease area over the continental shelf of the eastern Gulf of Mexico using a Kahlsico floating plankton sampler equipped with a 202 uy, 5:1 nytex net. Half the samples were collected during daylight hours, and half were collected at night during June-July 1975. Temp- erature, salinity, sea-state, weather, light, water clarity, distance offshore, depth of water, POC.DOC, suspended solids, petrochemical residues, Sargassum and phytoplankton standing crop are compared to Bie numbers, diversity, biomass, zoogeography and recurrent groups. “Research supported by Bureau of Land Management contract 08550-CTS-30. 11:15 am BS-9 Effect of Phosphate-Industry Effluent on Near-shore Ecology in Tampa Bay* E.D. ESTEVEZ, S.B. UPCHURCH, Univ. South Florida. Studies were conducted on the biota of intertidal and subtidal environments affected by heated, radioactive, acidic and fluoride enriched effluent discharged by a phosphate products industry. Except for scattered barnacles and filamentous blue-green algae, no emergent or subtidal flora or macroinvertebrates were found in a 40 hectare area adjacent to discharge can- als, due to combined impact of effluent, littoral seepage of contaminated groundwater, and induration of inhabitable substrata by gypsum (calcium sulfate) and fluorite (cal- cium fluoride). Three teleost, one bivalve, and two polychaete species dominated the fauna of peripheral areas. High densities of invertebrates occurred in microenviron- ments isolated from pollutants. Diversity and density data for comparable habitats unaffected by industrial discharge are presented. Restoration alternatives are pro- posed and evaluated. *Researcn supported by Fla. Dept. Environ. Regul. Grant to SBU. 11:30 am BS-10 Changes in the sediment structure associated with the mining of fossil oyster shell. William G. Conner and James K. Culter, University of South Florida. In order to describe the changes in the biologically important sediment layer (upper 15cm) caused by dredging, sediment cores were taken before and immedi- ately after a normal dredging operation. Sediments after dredging were characterized as having a larger mean particle size, lower organic carbon content, lower silt-clay content, and being more poorly sorted than the sediment before dredging. Also, water content of the sediment was lower after dredging and the pre-dredging vertical zonation of water content had been disrupted. The possible biological ramifications of the described sediment changes will be discussed. Florida Scientist os 11:45 am BS-11 Initial Results of Studies of Marine Turtles in Mosquito Lagoon, Merritt Island NWR, Brevard County, Florida.* L. M. EHRHART, Florida Technological Univ., R. G. YODER, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.--Little is known of the size or Dnposieron of sea turtle populations in Florida's estuaries and lagoons. In April, 1975, a pilot study of sea turtles of Mosquito Lagoon (Merritt Island NWR) was begun. A 225 m net is being used to capture turtles. Thus far a 32 kg female green turtle, Chelonia mydas; a 90 kg male loggerhead, Caretta caretta; and two female loggerheads (76 kg and 82 kg) have been captured, measured, photographed, tagged and released. The discovery of a partial car- cass of a young Atlantic hawksbill, Eretmochelys imbricata, on the southeast shore of the lagoon in February, 1974, is also reported. The specimen consists of the posterior quarter of the carapace, a few additional carapace scutes and a complete skull. This is apparently the first record of Eretmochelys from the estuarine waters of the Atlantic Coast of Florida. *Research supported by NASA grant NGR 10-019-004 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. f2-08 Noon Lunch, Triton Room, Dining Hall ase pri ton’ Room, Dining Hall Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences Bettsay H- Patt, University of South Florida, presiding DOUBLE SESSIONS - GENERAL ZOOLOGY AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Pataryee- ts pm Room Science Center P-306 GENERAL ZOOLOGY Joseph £. Simon, University of South Florida, presiding 1:15 pm BS-12 Bioaccumulation Factors - Considerations Affecting the Accuracy of Bioaccumulation Factors. W. H. Wilcox, Environmental Quality Lab, Port Charlotte, Florida. Bioaccumulation factors are used to predict element concen- trations in whole organisms or their tissue from knowledge of the element concen- tration in water or a suitable reference component. This paper discusses aspects that affect the accuracy of bioaccumulation factors determined in natural and laboratory environments. 1:30 pm BS-13 Evolution of Acoel Turbellarians--A Synopsis of Current Research on some Primitive Metazoans* Michael Crezee, University of Florida Marine Laboratory. --The distinctive anatomical and ultrastructural features of turbellarians and of acoels will be summarized and new evidence concerning the origin of acoel reproductive organs will be presented. Current, views on the position of acoels within the Turbellaria and of turbellarians within the Metazoa will be discussed. *Research supported by NASA and Tobias Landau Fellowships and NSF grants XA12009 and GB42211. 1:45 pm BS-14 Eluraraldehyae das da Fixative for Marine Phytoplankton*™ , Michael A. Hughes. Conservation Consultants, Inc. Glutaraldehyde, buffered to the pH and osmolarity of the source water, has been effect- ively used to fix marine phytoplankton. It has been successful in preserving both thecated and unthecated dinoflagellates, diatoms and zooplankton well enough to be identified for taxonomic purposes. Methodology and a photographic record of results are presented. *Research funded by Tampa Electric Company. 2:00 pm BS-15 Some Effects of Solid Rocket Motor Exhausts on Avian Embryos. -- L.E. DE GUEHERY and I. JACK STOUT, Florida Technological University.-- The mortality of White Leghorn and quail embryos exposed to various concentrations of the combustion products of solid rocket motor (SRM) fuel for various numbers of exposures was examined. The effect of 15 minute exposures on growth, water relations, and blood gas parameters were measured and evaluated. The sensitivity of chickens and quail is nearly identical: embryos are most sensitive late in incubation (LD59 day 19 chickens is 157 ppm; LD59 day 20 quail is 168 ppm) and least sensitive during the second week (day 12). The SRM exhaust gases cause embryonic dehydration which perturbs gaseous exchange. Blood gas parameters of exposed 12 day embryos exhibit the pattern cf respiratory acidosis seen in control embryos late in incubation. Compensatory mechanisms are postulated. *Research supported by NASA Grant NGR 10 - 19 - O09. Florida Scientist we 2:15 pm BS-16 Environmental Classroom Applications in VYereeuueus Zoology WILLIAM M. TRANTHAM, Florida Keys Community College. This paper will include a color slide presentation of field trips in tiarame environmental areas with students working with live whales and sharks. In addition, dissection of local vertebrates rather than preserved specimens will be discussed. 2250 pm Room Scrence Center 2-506 Business Meeting of the Biological Sciences Section Sheldon Dobkin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding 2:45 pm COFFEE’ BREAK Friday 3:00 pm Room Science (Genter P-1i16 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding Friday L2l5 pm Room™Science Center: P3235 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY Sheldon Dobkin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding LeL5 vam Bs=1h/ Renaturation Analysis of Trypanosoma brucei Kineto= plast DNA, K.D.STUART and'J. ROONEY. TT. brucei kinetoplast Oiiae Tabelled with 1251 after purification, was subjected to renaturarsem kinetics analysis using hydroxyapatite (HAP). The DNA had a Cots of 1.4 x 1071 but contained more than one kinetic component... These components were partially separated by incomplete renaturation and fractionation on HAP. One component was more rapidly renaturine than unfractionated DNA, may be heterogeneous and perhaps repetitious. The second component was more slowly renaturing. The total compter— ity was greater than that observed for higher eukaryotic mitochon- drial DNA as would be expected for.this protozoan cell. Therma denaturation profiles indicated that there was little mismatch among the renatured DNAs and no indication of unusual sequence distribution: 1:30 pm BS-18 Some Enzymes of Amino Acid Interconversion and Metabolism from the Florida Crown Conch, Melongena corona (Gmelin). F. E. FRIEDL, University of South Florida, Tampa. Muscle homogenates were prepared in TRIS-KCl (pH 7.4, Mgtt, EDTA) and purified by various combinations of centrifugation, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and dialysis. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in reaction mixtures buffered with TRIS, pH 7.3, at 30°C. Glutamate dehydrogenase was not found in dialysed preparations, but Aspartate aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.1) was present (activity 0.12 umole oxaloacetate product/min/mg protein). This interacted with endogenous Malate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.37, activity 0. 46umole malate product/min/mg protein) and the couple readily transaminated aspartate and a-ketoglutarate and converted the resulting oxaloacetate to malate with the oxidation of NADH. The operation of this system also suggested the presence of Alanine aminotransferase for NADH was oxidized upon the addition of glutamate and pyruvate in the presence of aspartate. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was low or absent in these preparations. 1:45 pm BS-19 Deaminative Pathways in the Bivalve Mollusces Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin) and Popenaias buckleyi (Lea). G. F. KNOX, R. E. RIFKIN, and F. E. FRIEDL, Univ. of South Florida.--In this study L-amino acid oxidase activity was found in gill homogenates of Popenaias (freshwater) but not in Mercenaria (marine) .1 Therefore other routes of ammonia production were examined. Intact gill lamellae in pH 7.1 phosphate buffer plus substrate were shaken at 30°C. Samples taken every 30 minutes were ana- lyzed for ammonia (Phenol-hypochlorite method). Mercenaria showed activity with glutamine, serine, arginine, and urea: 0.70, 0.48, 0.02, and 1.14 umole/hr/g dry wt. respectively. Popenaias activities were 0.30, 0.18, 0.23, and 0.47 umole/hr/g dry wt. respectively. It appears that Mercenaria may differ from other species such as Popenaias in not possessing a prominent oxidative deaminative capability, but is apparently similar in its ability to produce ammonia through presumably non-oxidative pathways. leriedl, F. E., Am. Zool. 12:abstr. 304, 1972 reported this activity in Mercenaria. ro Florida Scientist 5. 2:00 pm BS-20 Genetic Variation in a Natural Population of the Lingulid Brachiopod Glottidia pyramidata * J.Ke “CULTER, Univ. of South Elorida. A preliminary investi- gation of genetic variation in the lingulid brachiopod Glottidia pyramidata, using standard techniques of starch gel electrophoresis, has been initiated. Thus far, five enzymes have been selected for study and one of these was found not to be present in the samples. However, activity was observed for all of the other four enzymes. In addition, activity for an indophenol oxidase was detected. For these five enzymes, 13 zones of activity were tentatively identified as gene ''loci.'' The proportion of polymorphic ''loci'' was estimated to be 54% and the mean heterozygosity (the average proportion of heterozygous loci per individual) was estimated to be 14%. This high degree of variability was expected for the organism, and the resultant values corres- pond to those found to date in marine invertebrates. A hypothesis explaining envi ron- mental regulation of genetic variability of marine organisms is suggested. * Research supported by G.R. Babbel, Ph.D. & the Univ. of South Fla. graduate program 2:15 pm BS-21 Oxidative Deamination in Gill Tissues of the Freshwater Mussel Popenaias buckleyi (lea) D. E. RIFKIN, G. F. Knox, F. E. Friedi, Univ. of South Florida.--Experiments on gill tissue homogenates of the freshwater mussel, Popenaias buckleyi suggest a pathway for the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids. A reaction mixture containing centrifuged homogenates in distilled water, L-leucine, and pH 7.1 buffer consumed 10 ul O./hr/mg protein in air at 30°C. When Na azide was added, the oxy- gen uptake was doubled. The ammonia produced was constant and not af-= fected by azide. It follows that H,0, is produced, as a direct result of the oxidative deamination of L-leuciné, and is rapidly broken down by catalase activity sensitive to azide. Furthermore, the addition of FMN to month old gill tissue homogenates sparked a 16% increase in oxygen up- take over a control, indicating the need for a flavin co-factor. fThus, it is suggested that L-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) E, C. 1.4.3.2. is present. Similar experiments on the southern marine clam, Mercenaria campechiensis were inconclusive as to its mode of deamination. 2-38 pm Hoom Science Center P-306 Business Meeting of the Biological Sciences Section Sheldon Dobkin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding 2:45 pm COFFEE BREAK Praeay 5:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding DOUBLE SESSIONS - GENERAL BOTANY AND GENERAL ZOOLOGY Siemzeaay 9:00 am Room Science Center P-323 GENERAL BOTANY SBagtet FE. Austin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding 9:00 am BS-22 The Taxonomic Significance of Petal Flavonoids in the Genus Justicia (Acanthaceae). Martha Meagher. Controversy over the delimitation of the genus Justicia as well as the status of several taxa within the genus has long existed. In an effort to clarify some of the relationships among the North American and West Indian taxa various techniques were employed, among them the analysis of petal flavonoids. The distribution of the flavonoids was determined by paper chromatography and by spectral analyses of the major compounds. Results indicate J. angusta is more closely related to J. crassifolia than to J. ovata. On eat and other bases it was concluded J. angusta should be considered a separate species, not a variety of J. ovata. J. a was found to differ from other North American species in its fla- vonoid complement. It appears to be closely related to a West Indian species, J. pectoralis. Species of the genus Drejerella, recently united with Justicia, differ from other species of Justicia in flavonoid com- plement, pollen morphology, and gross morphology. It is recommended that Drejerella be maintained as a separate genus. Florida Scientist 6. 9:15 am BS-23 Evolution of the Exocarp in Some Arecoid Palm Fruits* F. B. ESSIG, University of South Florida. Evidence is presented that the protective sclerenchyma making up the exocarp in fruit of certain advanced Arecoid palms evolved dichotomously with the sclerenchyma of the endocarp from the fibrous sheaths of vascular bundles. *Research supported in part by NSF Grant GB-20348X, H. E. Moore, Jr., Principal Investigator, and in part by the Department of Biology, University of South Florida. 9:30 am BS-24 Morphological Description of Stamens of the Annonaceae, L. H. SMITH, Univ. of Miami.--The morphological structure of the stamens of nine species and two hybrids in two genera of the Annonaceae were investigated. This study revealed that transitional stages of staminal development existed among species of this primitive plant family comparable to those previously observed in the Magnoliaceae. 9:45 am BS-25 An electrophoretic Analysis of Heterozygosity Levels In The Predominantly Inbreeding Wild Barley Hordeum jubatum_ R.P. Wain, G. R. Babbel, University of South Florida. The results of an electro- phoretic isoenzyme analysis in the highly inbred tetraploid species Hordeum jubatum will be described. Three populations. from Utah gnd Gai- Orado were studied. Outcrossing rates range from 0.009 to 0.022. In Spite of low outcrossing rates large amounts of heterozygosity maintain- ed by duplicated gene loci are common. These ‘results will be discussee in terms of the adaptive flexibility of Hordeum jubatum. 10:00 am BS—26 Protein variation in Herdeum jubatum, a tetrapieid self-fertilizing grass.* Kathy M. Shumaker, Univ. of South Filoriaa. Three populations of this weedy species, growing in differing ecole@reas conditions (8,000 ft. roadside, 4,400 £t. field, and shorelmmear mene Great Salt Lake, all in Utah), were analyzed electrophoretically to de= termine the extent to which they are genetically differentiated. rag liminary results show that 5 of the 12 loci scored are-monomorphic and invariant and that all populations are polymorphic for 4 others. Two loci vary in 2 populations, and 1.locus is polymorphic in only 1 pes lation. These data imply the existence of an “all-purpose genogeyaes allowing for the broad ecological tolerances characteristic of jeme- weed. *Research supported by NSF Grant BMS 75-07339 to G.R. Babbel. LO: TS am: COFFEE. BREAK 10:30 am BS-27 Seasonal Variation in Standing Crop of Benthic Vegetation in the North Indian River*S.S.Gilbert, K.B.Clark. Florida Institute of Technology. Undisturbed seagrass beds in the North Indian River, Titusville, Florida were studied to determine seasonal changes and zonation. Seasonal variation in standing crop was measured monthly by a 25 core sample grid in a 5000m* quadrat for one year. Maximum biomass for the dominant seagrasses was in late summer, and minimum biomass occurred in mid to late winter. Organic carbon in the sedi-— ments followed the annual decay cycle for the seagrasses. An estimate of net productivity for the dominant species, Syringodium filiforme, showed an annual production of 70-150gC/m2. Major zonation patterns were investigated by tran- sectional analysis. Diplanthera wrightii dominated from shore to a depth of 50cm. Syringodium dominated from 50cm. to its depth limit of 2.6m. Competi- tive interaction and light penetration appear to define the depth limits. *Research supported by NASA grant #NGR-10-015-008. 10:45 am BS-28 Sexual Reproduction in Florida Thalassia (seagrass). Mark D. Moffler, Florida Dept. Natural Resources, Mar. Res. Lab.--FDNR biologists surveyed Florida west and northwest coasts for Thalassia (turtle grass) fruit production during spring and summer of 1975. Flowering and developing fruits were seen on thirty percent of St. Andrews Bay plants and forty percent of those at Anclote Anchorage. In the Florida Keys, however, fruits were not formed and flowering was scattered and less than 5 percent. Later observation of Anclote plants revealed that most developing fruits had blasted. Florida Scientist Ti 11:00 am BS-29 Induction of Germination in Agaricus bisporus basidiospores. FREDERICK I. EILERS and ROBERT MCVEIGH, Department of Biology, University of South Florida. Agaricus basidiospores, which do not germinate readily, may be induced to do so by certain chemicals and techniques. A volatile substance produced by vegetative Agaricus mycelium currently provides the best means of inducing germination. Also reported are the effects of other chemicals including previously reported inducers. Mota am bs-30 Preliminary Observations of Fungi Occurring in Coastal Habitats in Hernando County, Florida. Diane T. WAGNER-MERNER and Ron JONES, University of South Florida. Ascomycetous fungi from various substrates found in maritime abitats near Bayport, Florida, are described and interesting distributional features of these or- ganisms discussed. Also reported from brief experimental studies are aspects of the role of fungi involved in artificially wounded Rhizophora mangle L. seedlings. 11:30 am BS-3l1 Vegetation Changes in the Spanish River Area of Boca Raton, Florida. Daniel F. Austin, Florida Atlantic University. Historical documents ranging in age from 1775 to present, aerial photography and on-site studies have documented a variety of changes in the old Cpanish River. This waterway, called Boca Ratones Sound from the 1820's until the 2arly 1920's, was formerly navigable with small boats. The earliest documents record this stream as being bordered by a Sawgrass marsh in fresh water. To the east of the river was coastal island vege- tation consisting of beach, strand and tropical hammock. Immediately after drainage began in the area, the freshwater wetland began to change. By 1940 the river basin was covered with mangroves, indicating substantial salt water intrusion. From the late 1940's to present there has been development of the barrier island with conse- quent loss of sand-stabilizing vegetation. The city of Boca Raton has purchased tracts of ocean front property and thus preserved some of the beach, strand and hammock. Included in the land held by the city is a colony of the threatened plant Jacquemontia reclinata. 11:45 am BS-32 Natural Reclamation of Upland Dredge Spoils, Tampa Bay, NICOLETTE PASSAVANT, CAROL A. JEFFERSON, Eckerd College.--This paper is an analysis of the community ecology of natural vegetation on upland dredge spoil sites, 10-15 years old. Upland sites are spoil dumps on intertidal land, now retained behind seawalls. Five associations (salt spray, pond, grassland, shrub, Australian pine), composed of 11 communities, are characterized floristically and edaphically. A model of natural succession from open sand to woodland is presented, along with suggestions for plantings and soil improvement to facilitate reclamation. Saturday 9:00 am Room Science Center P-306 GENERAL ZOOLOGY Joseph L. Simon, University of South Florida, :presiding 9:00 am BS-33 “est-Building Behavior of the rice rat, Cryzoinvs selustris natator, POP CELIbe Island, peevara Conty, Florida.* M. WU. Harrision, DL. . Ehrhart, drs, Flae Teche Univ.--Although rice rats are known to construct substantial nests in the Wild, this aspect of their behavior has never been studied in the laboratory. Studies of the nest-building behavior of the central Florida rice rat, Cryzonvs palustris fatator, were carried our using specimens taken from the Merritt Island ‘ildlife hefuge, Brevard County, Florida. _ Subjects were captured and held no more than thr days before testing. Mean nest weight at 22 C (40 g) reported here is ca. 50% of mean body weight of the rice rats (79.5 g).s Data analyses indicate a reasonably clear trend in the responses of rice rats to varying T,. As measured by both nest-type index and by nest weight, Oryzomys palustris resembles its cricetine relatives, Feromyscus leucopus and F, maniculatus, by building smaller nests at higher temperatures and larger nests at lower teinperatures. “Research supported by a grant from The Sigma Xi Society and by NASA Grant NGR 10-019-00¢4. Florida Scientist 8. 9:15 am BS-34 Response of Small Mammals in a Scrub Community to Supplementary Food.,— I, JACK STOUT, Florida Technological University.--This report provided data on the response of Peromyscus floridanus, P. gossypinus, Ochrotomys nuttalli and Sigmodon hispidus to supplementary food. Control data were collected over a 14 month period prior to the perturbation experiment. One of three areas under study then received approx- imately 0.6 Kg of wheat per week for one year. Live trapping at 2-3 week intervals continued for seven months after ending the food manipulation study to document the return of response variables to control values. Minimum numbers of both P. floridanus and P. gossypinus increased in response to supplementary food; however, only P. floridanus appeared to stabilize its numbers at an elevated carrying capacity. On the experimental area, body weight of males of both species of Peromyscus exceeded that observed on the two control areas during May and June of 1974. This observation is elaborated on with respect to variation in availability of natural food and subsequent observations on changes in body weight during other seasons. Findings were compared with similar studies conducted in regions with more seasonal environments. 9:30 am BS-35 Feeding Specificity As Related To Chloroplast Retention In The Sacoglossa Me Busacca, Florida Institute of Technology.-=-Four species of sacoglossan slugs were studied to determine the relationship between feeding specificity and chloroplast retention. Animals were starved until loss of 50% chlorophyll, then allowed to feed on various algae. Chloro- plast retention was quantified by determining mg chlorophyll per gram fresh weight. Nudibranchiate sacoglossans studied were shown to be non- specific feeders with the exception of Elysia cauze which is restricted to Caulerpa, as is the tectibranch Oxynoe antillarun. Chloroplast retention and feeding specificity are inversely related, the latter decreasing with increased retention time. Assuming that the mechanism of chloroplast retention is similar between sacoglossan species, results indicate that chloroplasts of the several families of siphon- aceous algae have similar symbiotic requirements, suggesting phylogenetic similarity of the algal species studied. 9:45 am BS-36 Sexual Dimorphism In The Burrowing Owl, Speotyto cunicularia floridana.* W.D. Courser, Tampa, Florida.--Raptervaiiigee generally exhibit sexual dimorphism in which the female is larger than the male of the species. Burrowing Owls might be an exception to this principle. Sexual dimorphism in the Burrowing Owl, Florida subspecies, is discussed based on examination of museum specimens and a population of owls in Tampa, Florida. Research supported by the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Corporation and the SOCIEty Of “Si-ema iia. 10:00 am BS-37 The Ultrastructure of the apposition eye of the Heliconian butterfly Agraulis vanillae (lymphalidae), William C. Gordon, U.S.F. Biology Dept. Tampa, Fla. The fine structure of the compound eye of the butterfly has been investigated. Each eye is composed of 12,000 visual units. In this 40Ju deep retina nine retinula cells and four semper cells make up each ommatidium. There are eight pigment cells and a tracheol cell in close association. The dioptric apparatus is composed of a hexagonal corneal facet connected to the cone element by an elastic corneal processus. Semper cells comprise the cone. Pigient cells are of two types: 1) two 1 pigment cells forming a sheath about the semper cells. 2) six 2° pigment cells traverse the retina and surround each ommatidium. The receptor cells are classed into three categories based on morphology: 1) two distal cells possessing photopigments along the outer third and oriented in a dorsal-ventral plane. 2) six long cells having visual pigment the entire length. There are two morpho- logical types, pigmented and nonpigmented long cells; two horizontally oriented retinu- lae have no dense cytoplasmic inclusions, whereas four diagonally oriented retinulae possess very dense cytoplasmic granules. 3) one basal eccentric cell located proximally is "Y'" shaped extending across the ommatidium in a dorsal-ventral orientation. 10:15 am COFFEE BREAK Saturday 10:30 am Room Science Center P-306 FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Sheldon Dobkin, Florida Atlantic University, presiding Florida Scientist 9. 10:30 am BS-38 Chemical and Bacterial Stratification in Florida Sinkholes. J. S. Smith, University of South Florida.--This paper will show the results of an attempt to define the stratification of inorganic materials within the water column of a sinkhole and to relate these strata to bacterial populations also present. The populations identified were those sampled nearest a critical depth, which was determined by drastic changes in the physical-chemical environment. 10:45 am BS-39 Lake Fluctuation and Drawdown and Piet Ctitects On tne Oo Lakeside Vegetation of Lake Tarpon, Pinellas Co. T.F. ROCHOW and E.W. § SCHUPP, Southwest Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 457, Brooks- ville, Florida 33512.--Biologists at the Southwest Florida Water Manage- ment District have sampled the lakeside vegetation and physical and chemical parameters of Lake Tarpon periodically for two and a half years following implementation of a fluctuation and drawdown schedule. A large proliferation of water hyacinths and a decrease in cattails were assoc- iated with drawdown. During this time the number of species detected in- creased somewhat but overall vegetational cover decreased. Subsequently the water hyacinth population declined dramatically and cattail cover continued a downward trend. More recently there has been a thinning of the eelgrass cover associated with continued vegetational cover decline. Vegetational changes will be discussed in relation to changing chemical and physical parameters. 11:00 am BS-40 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Abundance and Species Diversity in a Central Florida Lake* J.A. Osborne, J.J. Daigle and J.R. Startzman, Florida Technological University. -—- Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from a spring-fed, sand bottom, Central Florida lake for a two year period between June, 1973, through May, 1975. The 55 species, taken from Ekman grab samples, were dominated by members of the Diptera, principally Chironomidae which comprised 60% of all species found. Species representing the Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Odonata contributed 22% of all species encountered. A mean of 747 individuals per square meter was determined for the two year study with Hexagenia mundo orlando comprising 2%% and Chaoborus sp., 36% of that value. The Shannon—Weaver index of species diversity was determined as 1,92 with the Simpson Index for dominance calculated as 0.38 for the two year period. * Research supported by the Dr. Phillips Foundation 11:15 am BS-41 Invasion of Zooplankton into Four Freshwater Ponds in Central Florida* D.B. Pearce, J.A. Osborne, D.L. Fry, Florida Technological University. -—— Four 0.34 acre ponds were constructed on the campus of Florida Tech. Univ. and flooded in June, 1975. Zcoplankton, taken with vertical hauls using a #20 mesh nylon net, were enumerated during a six month period after flooding to establish invasion rates for species and components. Total zooplankton numbers tended to peak after two to three months after the filling of the ponds. The number of species encountered was 36 rotifers, 3 copepods, and 4% cladocerns. Twelve rotifer species were common to all ponds, while all species of cladocerns and copepods were found in each pend. Generally, overall numbers of zooplanktors were paralleled by the number of rotifers due to their dominance in the newly established zooplankton communities. The patterns of change in the value of the Shannon-Weaver species diversity index, generally near 2.0, were not similar between ponds, * Research supported by The Department of Natural Resources, Florida 11:30 am BS-42 Distribution of the introduced Asian snail Melanoides fipetculata if South Florida) -M. A. Roessler and D. C. Tabb, Tropical BioIndustries Development Company. An Asian thiarid snail with variable shell morphology belonging to the species Melanoides tuberculata (Muller) has been recorded from several localities in Collier, Dade, Hillsborough, and Palm Beach Counties. This snail, formerly recorded in Texas and Florida only from fresh water springs, was found in the Mangrove fringes of Biscayne Bay in salinities up to 30 ppt. Super- ficial examination has failed to reveal avian or human trematodes in the saltwater populations. Florida Scientist 10. 11:45 am BS-43The Spotted Tilapia, an example of a_ rapidly spreading exotic fish. R. G. Hogg, Univ. of Miami. Since its establishment in 1973, Tilapia mariae (Boulenger) has sread rapidly in Dade County by means of drainage canals, increas- rapidly in abundance. It competes with native centrarchid fish populations for food and’ shallow water spawning habitat. Because of the preference of this species for river and lake habitat in its native Africa, and the tendency for exotics to dominate in "disturbed" habitats rather than natural situations, spread of this fish into natural marsh areas of the everglades is questionable. Like other successful exotics, this fish seems to be tolerant of poor conditions, opportunistic in feeding and efficient in reproduction. 12:00 noon BS-44 The Macronivertebrates of Central Floridagtabes James L. Hulbert, Biologist, Florida Department of Environmental Regula- tion, Orlando, Florida ------ The macroinvertebrates, with emphasis on the chironomids, commonly collected in Central Florida lakes are discuss- ed with relation to water quality, depth, and habitat type. Species for possible indication of ecosytem condition are presented along with data on standing crops and species diversities of benthic populations and communities. The following values for the Shannon-Weaver species diver- sity index are proposed: greater than 2.0 for unaltered good water quality lakes, 0.5-2.0 for moderately altered lakes, and less thane for grossly altered or polluted lakes. This paper is based on data from more than 1200 samples from approximately 200 lakes. The Florida De- partment of Environmental Regulation relies substantially on the type data presented for evaluating and controlling water quality in Florida. EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SECTION Friday 8:00 am Room Science Center P-306 GEOLOGY I Thomas M. Missimer, University of Miami, pxresidime 8:00 am EPS-1 Sedimentology of East Key, Dry Tortugas CHUCK O'NEILL, Geology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. East Key of the Dry Tortugas group rests on a large crescent shaped bank and oscillates about a stable core in response to seasonal variations. A simple strand/ dune plant community is largely responsible for short term stabilization of this central core. Historical studies covering 200 years show that East Key varies in its bank position on long term basis and has in the past been of much greater areal extent. In addition, historical records show the Dry Tortugas group has decreased in extent from 1l keys to the present seven. This effect is thought to be due to a combination of eustaic sea level change and storm degradation. 8:15 am EPS-2 Stratigraphy and Geologic History of Caladesi Island, Pinellas County Florida. J. W. BRAME, Dept. of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa PE 33620). Data from recent core drilling on Caladesi Island suggests a complex geologic history for the small barrier island. In four cores aligned diagonally across the island, a 2-2.5 meter thick interval of offshore bar and beach sands occur. The lateral extent of this unit is very narrow and the unit probably represents the ancestral core of the modern island. The sand interval is consistently under- lain by muddy sands or sandy clays, which could represent a pre-island offshore area on which the linear sand unit first developed as a linear bar. Since the formation of the island core, the island has prograded seaward by beach ridge accretion and landward by mangrove development. Core data indicates that the south- ern portion has maintained constant seaward progradation, while the northern portion has prograded and then receded landward. 8:30 am EPS-3 Early Stages of Patch Reef Burial by Mud off Southern Puerto Rico. *DAVID K. BEACH, Fisher Island Station, University of Miami, Miami Beach, Florida SIGS. Patch reefs in the Ponce basinoff southern Puerto Rico are in the early stages of burial by muds. Mixed carbonate and terrigenous muds have burried the reef bases and are killing corals on the upper portions. The reefs formed during a Florida Scientist LAL. lower sea level, a time of reduced fine-grained sediment influx. Rising sea levels changed the hydrography and resulted in increased deposition of mud. A continua- tion of the present regime would produce reefs imbedded in mud, a relationship not uncommon in the geologic record. *Research supported by the U. S. G. S., Marine Division, San Juan, Puerto Rico. 8:45 am EPS-4 Pleistocene Barrier Bar Seaward of the Ooid Shoal Complex Near Miami, Florida ROBERT B. HALLEY, U.S.G.S., Fisher Is. Station, Miami Beach, Fla. 33139. An ooid sand barrier bar of Pleistocene age was deposited along the seaward side of an ooid shoal complex southwest of Miami, Florida. The bar is 22 miles (35 km) long, about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) wide, elongate parallel to the trend of the ooid shoal complex and perpendicular to channels between individual shoals. A l1-mile (1.6 km)- wide depression, interpreted as a back-barrier channels, isolates the bar from the ooid shoals. During sea-level fall and subaerial exposure of the bar, the ooid sand was cemented in place, preventing migration of the barrier. No Holocene analogue of this body is recognized, perhaps because of the relative youthfulness of Holocene ooid shoals. This Pleistocene ooid shoal complex, with its reservoir size barrier bar, may serve as a refined model for exploration in ancient ooid sand belts. 9:00 am EPS-5 Holocene Carbonate Sediments, Joulters Cays Area, Great Bahama Bank. PAUL M. HARRIS, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, University of Miami, Fisher Island Station, Miami, Florida 33139. Sediments on the windward platform margin o£ Great Bahama Bank, north of Andros Island, appear to be unique among sand accumulacions in the Bahamas, in that accu- mulation nearly to sea level has occured over a large area (375 km2). Several distinct depositional environments are recognized in the Joulters Cays area. The lateral distribution of non-skeletal and skeletal sands and mud is a response to physical controls (tide-and wind-induced currents), biological controls (binding, burrowing, and boring by organisms), and chemical controls (cementation). The sedimentology of the Joulters Cays area provides a model of deposition during a eustatic sea level rise that is applicable to other carbonate platform margins, both modern and ancient. 9:15 am EPS-6 Distribution of Geothermal Gradients in Northwestern Mexico C. E. NUCKELS, III and D. L. SMITH, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Borehole temperature measurements in northwestern Mexico have yielded ten new geothermal gradient values ranging from 16.1 C/km to 58.4 C/km. These new data augment eight previous gradient measurements in Mexico and permit preliminary con- touring which defines four elongated! zones of relatively uniform geothermal gradients striking approximately NW-SE from northwestern Mexico into southwestern United States. Two zones of relatively low values (15-20 °C/km) are approximately coincident with the major structures of the northern Baja California batholith and the Sierra Madre Occidental. Two zones of relatively high (30-40 °C/km) gradients follow the major outlines of the Gulf of California and the Rio Grande Rift Zone of south central New Mexico. One gradient value measured in Chihuahua, due south of the Rio Grande Rift Zone, suggests that this feature does not continue due southward, but may turn southeastward in Mexico. 9:30 am EPS-7 Heat Flow Effects in the Floridan Aquifer W. R. FULLER and D. L. SMITH, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Seven new terrestrial heat flow values and two new heat flow estimates have been determined for sites in Florida with uncorrected values ranging from 1.3 hfu (1 heat flow unit=1x10~cal/sec cm ) in the western panhandle to 0.1 hfu in Gilchrist and Polk Counties. Significant variations of geothermal gradients with depth are attri- buted to circulatory effects within the Floridan aquifer. Redistribution of geo- thermal heat is apparently accomplished by convective overturn of aquifer fluids and by lateral flow from areas of recharge. Based on corrections for hydrological influences, the surface heat flow in Florida approximates 0.8 hfu with slightly lower values in the southern peninsula. The relatively low heat flow values in Florida probably represent an extension and a more pronounced expression of the low values (1.0 hfu) measured in the southern Appalachians. 9:45 am EPS-8 An Ultrastructural Study of Boring Sponge Cells and Excavated Sub- Strata, SHIRLEY A. POMPONI, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149. The significance of boring sponges in limestone degradation and sediment production has revived an interest in the boring mechanisms involved. Ultra- Florida Scientist 12. Structural features of several species of boring sponges from Florida and the Bahamas were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The method of excavation of calcium carbonate substrata has been described by previous authors and involves the chemical etching of chips by specialized cells and the Subsequent mechanical removal of these chips through the canal system of the sponge. Examination of substrata excavated by several species of boring sponges by SEM indicates that the method of boring is similar in all species, although the size and topography of the chips and pitted substrata vary with the species and the Substrata. The results support SEM observations by previous authors of excavations of Cliona lampa and C. celata. TEM observations of etching cells further support SEM observations of substrata. 10:00 am EPS-9 Habitats of Foraminifera, Florida and the Bahamas* D. C. STEINKER, Bowling Green State Univ., and P.J. STEINKER, Univ. of Michigan. Living populations of foraminifera should form the basis for ecological investiga- tions, which may then lead to conclusions of paleoecological significance. Foramini- feral habitats were studied in the shallow waters of the west coast of Florida, south Florida, and the Bahamas. Generally, a large living population is found on marine vegetation, particularly on grasses and codiaceans, than is the sediments. The assemblage among the bottom sediments does not necessarily accurately reflect the biocoenosis of a local area. Attempts must be made to discriminate between those factors of the environment that influence the distribution of living populations and those that determine the thanatocoenosis in the sediments. * Research supported by B.G.S.U. Faculty Research Committee. Us ame CORRE Be BREAK 10:30 am Room Science Center P-306 PHYS LOCAL MSC UENGE Thomas M. Scott, Florida Bureau of Geology, presiding 10:30 am EPS-l1OResistivity Techniques Used For Modeling a Water-Filled Collapsed Sink Svstem. M. P. BROWN, Geology Department, University of South Florida 33620. Electrical resistivity sounding and profiling data, along with detailed strat- igraphic information and laboratory electrical simulations were used to construct a model for a water-filled collapsed doline. The Wenner electrode configuration, with 60 and 40 foot electrode separations and 10 foot spacings, was used along profiles positioned normal to the cave strike. Electrical profiles are characterized by an extremely resistant zone and distinct end effects located near the sink. Electrical models indicate that the volume of air within the depression will act as a non-con- ductor and mask any contribution that the cave system offers. Sounding data, reduced to Barnes layered and Moore's cumulative formats are interpreted for geologic and structural contacts. With careful sample location, resistivity data can be used to identify water-filled cavities and related geologic and hydrologic contacts. 10:45 am EPS-11 Mixing and Transport of Gulf and River Water in Apalachicola Bay* J.T.Clarke, R.C.Stalev, Dept. of Oceanography, Florida State Univ. Mixed tides, wind, and river runoff control salinity stratification and flow through channels connecting the Bay and the Culf of Mexico. Four 24-hour studies were made at 8 stations in two transverse sections across West Pass, during the period from July through November, 1975. Salinity stratification ranged from 30 o/oo to vertically homogeneous, Data allow evaluation of vertical and lateral disperson, following s of Fisher and Dyer.1 = 11:00 am EPS-12Photographic Aureole Measurement, and the Validity of Aerosol Single Scattering. R. D. MCPETERS and A. E. S. GREEN, University of Florida, Rm 221 SSRB, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Data for solar aureoles in Gainesville obtained using a refined photographic svstem of measurement are presented for wavelengths from 309 nm to 640 nm and for solar zenith angles as large as 88°. For comparison a single scattering calculation corrected for Ravleigh multiple scattering and including attenuation by ozone and ground reflection is done using spherical atmospheric geometry. The results show that aerosol rutliple scattering is very important near sunset, especially at long wavelengths. : Florida Scientist 183), 11:15am EPS-13 The Ratio Measurement of Solar Irradiances in the Middle Ultraviolet. A. T. CHAI and A. E. S. GREEN, University of Florida, Rm 221 SSRB, Gainesville, Florida 32611. A simple method is proposed to measure the ratio of diffuse to direct solar irradiances in the middle ultraviolet. Some experimental data for typical inland Summer weather in Florida (partly cloudy) will be discussed and compared with various theoretical calculations. The more extensive data for clear days from P. BENER will also be compared with various calculations. Based on our study, it seems feasible that improvement can be made on the UV calculations with the proposed ratio measure- ments for various sky conditions. 11:30am EPS-14 Primary Energy Resource Plan in Florida H. HARRY KIM, Department of Geography, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620. Energy availability from locational analysis of spatial characteristics has been viewed as a supply system of economical vitalization. The ovjective of this study was to investigate the impacts of possible offshore oil and gas discoveries upon the coastal areas of Florida. This examination focused on the energy related impact on the Florida economy resulting from the exploration, drilling, and development of offshore petroleum leases. Florida is increasing its role as a producing state and now provides, indirectly, 16% of its total petroleum demands and 12% of its natural gas consumption. The gas produced in Florida is consumed in Florida, and the crude produced is shipped out of the state for refining elsewhere. Foreign petroleum imports contribute 35% of Florida's energy consumption. The remaining 65% comes from domestic refineries in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The energy supply and delivery to Florida is one of heavy dependence on petroleum products obtained by water-borne transportation. The characteristics of the Florida economy, relative prices, convenience, and availability of substitutable fuels have caused the large dependence on petroleum. The state's energy situation will be greatly dependent on imports unless there are available self-sufficient amounts of energy alternatives such as solar radiation. *Research supported by the Florida Energy Office, Tallahassee. 11:45am EPS-15 Citrus Tree Stress As Seen by Two Types of Spectrometers. GEORGE J. EDWARDS, University of Florida, IFAS Agricultural Research and Education Center Lake ' Alfred, Florida. Spectral Data Corp's Telespectroradiometer and Tektronix's Rapid Scan Spectrometer were evaluated on the same citrus trees affected with citrus Young Tree Decline. Both instruments were able to differentiate between healthy, slight, medium, and severe degrees of the disease with a regression value of 5% or better. 12:00 Noon Lunch, Triton Room, Dining Hall 22-40 pm Triton Room, Dining Hall Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences Mattian H- Tait, University of South Florida, presiding 2:30 pm Room Science Center P-408 Business Meeting of the Earth and Planetary Sciences Section Thomas M. Missimer, University of Miami, presiding Friday 3:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding Saturday 8:00 am room Science Center P-104 GEOLOGY II Thomas E. Pyle, University of South Florida, presiding 8:00 am EPS-16 Fe+2 Disorder in Orthopyroxenes from Black Hypersthene Chondrites*, P. A. MUELLER, Geology Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Mossbauer spectrometric measurements of the extent of Fe-Mg order in orthopyro- xenes chemically separated from black hypersthene chondrites reveals that these meteorites have substantial Fe+2 disorder and the extent of disorder is roughly correlative with the loss of radiogenic 40Ar. Temperatures calculated from the Florida Scientist 14. Fe-Mg disorder are in the range 0-1125°C and suggest a variety of thermal histories are present in this highly shocked class of chondrites. *Supported by NSF grant GA 4042 8:15am EPS-17 The Distribution of Whitings, Bahama Banks, FRANK W. HARRIS, University of Miami, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, Fisher Island Station, Miami Beach, Florida 33139. Whitings are patches of suspended sediment of unknown origin, commonly observed in shallow marine waters overlying carbonate banks. Mapping the distribution of whitings from satellite imagery (ERTS) shows that they occur only on Great Bahama Bank, leeward of Andros Island, and Little Bahama Bank, leeward of Grand Bahama Island. Whitings are numerous and widely distributed in the spring, but fewer and more localized in the fall; they show no relationship to projected isohalines or nearshore areas of high residence times; they occur near bank margins in areas of open circulation. Most whitings were observed over muddy sediments, although some were found in areas deficient in mud. Observed patterns are more consistent with re- suspension of bottom sediment (possibly by fish) than with a chemically precipitated origin. 8:30am EPS-18 A Marine Regressive Sequence and Penecontemporaneous Dolomite along the Steinhatchee River. LOUIS G. ZACHOS, 5218 S.W. 67th Street, Gainsville,Florida 32608. One to ten feet of the upper part of the Ocala Limestone is esposed for nearly fourteen miles along the Steinhatchee River in Dixie, Taylor and Lafayette Counties, Florida. The rocks are a product of a marine regression. The regressive sequence terminates in a penecontemporaneous dolomite formed in a supratidal environment. This sequence includes a distinct unconformity. This sequence underlies a marine transgressive unit. The faunal and lithologic succession clarifies several aspects of Ocala Limestone paleoecology. Also, recognition of this marine cycle has local and regional significance. 8:45am EPS-19 Faults of Florida or Whose Fault is this Fault, T. M. SCOTT, 903 West Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. The geologic literature concerning the State of Florida records the existence of numerous faults. However, many if not most of the faults are based on scanty evi- dence from a small selection of wells. Few proposed faults have actually been tested sufficiently to prove or disaprove their existence. The problems inherent to fault identification in Florida include: 1) the existence of a buried highly irregular karst erosional surface, 2) other buried topography, 3) extremely variable facies and rapid facies changes. 9:00 am EPS-20 Structural Stability, Coastal Subsidence, and the Late Holocene Eustatic Sea Level Rise in South Florida, T. M. MISSIMER, University of Miami, Fisher Island Station, Miami Beach, FL 33139. South Florida has been generally considered an ideal locality to study late Holocene eustatic sea level changes because of its relative tectonic stability. Dated onlapping sequences of nearshore-deposited organic sediments imply that sea ee has risen continuously about 4 min the last 7000 years (Scholl and others, L97A). High resolution seismic reflection profiles suggest that the Florida platform has not been stable in certain areas, and this implies that certain sea level curves may be in error. Also, the formation of barrier islands containing beach ridge sets which have systematic altitude variations, coupled with cl4 age data imlies an irregular sea level rise with relative levels near 1 m or more above present levels at 2100 and 6000 years B. P. Estimates of late Holocene eustatic sea levels in south Florida are complicated by differential subsidence, possible isostatic adjustments, collapse sinks, and other factors affecting coastal subsidence and sedimentation. oi5am ERS-21 Diversity Indexes as Indicators of Faunal Succesion in Pleistocene Lake Sediments.” GRAIG D. SHAAK, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Application of modern ecological concepts to fossil communities, in particular diversity and equitability, has greatly expanded our knowledge of succession in fossil communities. Two of the more popular indexes are the Simpson index and Shannon-Weaver information function. The Simpson index is influenced by sample size whereas the Shannon-Weaver function is influenced by equitability. These two types of indexes are simple species diversity and numerical percentage composition respectively. Florida Scientist IL D)c A 1.5 m deposit of Late Pleistocene temporary pond sediment from Major County, Oklahoma, was trench-sampled, disaggregated, and fossils identified and counted. Faunal counts were adjusted to a "reflection" of standing crop. Adjusted data were programmed into the diversity indexes to reveal trends in community succession. The succession proceeded from a community experiencing high stress with only a few opportunistic species to lower stress conditions as evidenced by an increase in Stenotopic organisms, Final drying of the pond is evidenced by a decrease in accordance with increased stress and a decline in stenotopic organisms. *Research Supported by the Florida State Museum. 9:30am EPS-22 Origin of Basalts from 25-29°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, T.H. O'DONNELL Geosciences Div., Univ. of Texas at Dallas*. Glass and mineral compositions from ten, fresh oceanic tholeiites dredged from the MAR between 20-29°N at 1900 to 3500 metres have beem determined with an electron microprobe. The samples include glassy, aphanitic, and porphyritic varieties. The latter contain phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of plagioclase (An 66-89), olivine (ee 76-64), and spinel (Avg. Al 903-3€7, Crg03-28%, Fe 903 + Fe0-187%, Mg0-17%). Comparison of glass and mineral compositions with the results of experimental work on naturaland synthetic basalts indicates that the oceanic tholeiites are produced from fractionating plagioclase, olivine, and spinel from a variety of parental liquids produced by differing amounts of partial melting of the upper mantle. *Present address: U.S. Geological Survey, Fed. Bldg., Fort Myers, FL 33901 9:45 am COFFEE BREAK Saemrady 10:00 am Room-Science Center P-104 HYDROLOGY AND THE ENVIORNMENT Apeanom Keeitman, Southern Florida Flood Control District, presiding 10:00am EPS-23 Environmental Effects of Sprayed Sewage Effluent. LARRY J. SLACK, U.S. Geological Survey, L-103, 325 John Knox Rd., Tallahassee, Florida, 32303. Since 1966, Tallahassee has been experimentally disposing of the effluent from secondarily-treated sewage by spraying at the Thomas P. Smith Wastewater Renovation Plant. The quality of the sprayed effluent was generally improved as it filtered through the soil to the water table. BOD was reduced to less than 5 milligrams per litre (mg/1) and fecal coliform bacteria were reduced to zero. Almost all the phos- phorus was removed. Based on average data, there was a reduction of approximately 12 mg/1 of the total nitrogen from the effluent which was applied at a rate of 2 to 8 inches per week in an area with a cover crop and 5 mg/l from the effluent applied at a rate of 14 inches per week to an undisturbed forest. The application of effluent caused no appreciable distortion of the regional ground-water flow pattern. 10:15am EPS-24 Seasonal Fluctuations of Artesian Water Levels and Water Quality in the Agricultural Areas of St. Johns, Flagler and Putnam Counties. D. A. MUNCH, B. J. RIPY and R. A. JOHNSON, St. Johns River Water Management District, Rt. 2, Box 695, BPatatka, Fiorida 3207/7. Practically all of the fresh water supplies in St. Johns, Flagler and Putnam Counties, Florida are obtained from wells in the Floridan Aquifer. Withdrawals of water from this aquifer to meet the needs of agriculture and expanding population have resulted in an overall decline of the potentiometric surface of the aquifer throughout the area and the development of extensive cones of depression which induces the upward coning of the connate saline water beneath the centers of over pumping. In conjunction with this decline there has been a constant increase in the salt content of water which indicates that salt water is gradually contaminating the fresh water zones in the aquifer. With the thorough understanding of the hydrogeolo- gic regime, the Water Management District will be able to provide programs which will help to protect and insure the longevity of the resource. 10:30am EPS-25 Water Quality of Lake Tarpon (Pinellas County, Fla.) Following Enclosure of a Sink, L. F. BARTOS, Southwest Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 457, Brooksville, Florida, 33512 and P. M. DOORIS, St. Leo College, St. Leo, Florida, 33574. Subsequent to the 1969 enclosure of the Lake Tarpon Sink, noticeable changes in the lake's water quality occurred. The lake had been hydraulically connected to Spring Bayou, a tidal estuary, through the sink. Marked decreases in conductivity, and chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ortho-phosphate and total phosphate concentrations were observed. Possible explanations for this improvement will be discussed. Florida Scientist 16. Since 1971, chloride concentrations have appeared to stabilize below pre- enclosure levels. Current investigations involve an evaluation of the chloride sources including rainfall and sediment leaching. Future prospects for the continued freshening of Lake Tarpon are mentioned. 10:45am EPS-26 Waste Disposal Along the Coastal Zone of Florida. kK. HADDAD, W. MARR, S. McCALL, and F. T. MANHEIM, Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701. Marine policy studies have reviewed four major types of disposal problems; domestic (sewage) and industrial waste, thermal effluents, and dredge spoil. In 1974 estimated total domestic effluent potentially reaching coastal waters aggregated 700 mgd. About 11% of a total of 700 mgd of industrial effluents was released into Florida marine waters. Approximately 40% of this is from the pulp and paper indus- try in northern Florida. The 12 bgd of heated effluent that is discharged in coastal waters is stressful to many organisms and beneficial to others. Perhaps the most difficult to document is dredge and fill; of 796,000 acres of estuarine habitat, about 59,700 are estimated to have been lost or altered owing to this activity. Federal Law now requires 85% of pollutant removal from waste water; Florida places the limit at 90%. Goals of zero discharge by 1985 are under pressure owing to economic considerations. 11:00am EPS-27 Sedimentary Fluorite Deposits in Tampa Bay, Florida’ R. A. REA, S. B. UPCHURCH, University of South Florida. From about 1963 to 1974 a major phosphate-processing plant released fluorides to Tampa Bay. These discharges, coupled with earlier discharges of gypsum and continued acidic and thermal effluents, have resulted in development of a unique deposit of sedimentary fluorite and, tentatively, uranyl fluorides. These deposits comprise two deltas, consisting of a surficial fluorite stratum that has a maximum thickness of 8 cm and that extends offshore up to 400 m. Below and adjacent to the fluorite are fine to medium, moderately-sorted sands with interbedded clay and shell lenses. The sands contain small quantities of detrital organics and gypsum. The fluorite deposits encrust plant debris and interclasts to form concretionary, brecciated, and laminated sedimentary structures. The distribution and composition of the sedimen- tary fluorite deposites appear to be unique to Tampa Bay. Research supported by Fla. Dept. Environ. Reg. Grant to SBU. 11:15am EPS-28 Effects of Offshore Petroleum Production Platforms on the Mineralogy of Suspended Sediments with Emphasis on the Clay Mineralo of a Bottom Water Nepheloid. Layer, Inner Continental Shelf, Grand Isle, Louisiana, B. J. RIPY, St. Johns River Water Management District and G. M GRIFFIN, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida. Suspended sediments were collected at several depths over a 17-month period from the "oil patch area" of the Central Louisiana shelf off Grand Isle. The suspended sediments were concentrated by micro-filtration and x-rayed to determine mineralogy. Primary emphasis was placed on the clay mineralogy of a bottom water nepheloid layer Which was discovered during an initial phase of the study. Quantitative, semi- quantitative and qualitative comparisons between the mineralogy of the suspended sediments near platforms with the mineralogy of suspended sediments from undeveloped control areas depict no significant variations. In the study area the dominant factor affecting suspended sediment mineralogy is the modern Mississippi River. The mineralogy of the suspended sediments cannot be distinguished from the sediments now being contributed by the modern Mississippi, but it does differ significantly from the mineralogy of cohesive bottom sediments. «x Supported by Gulf Universities Research Consortium 11:30am EPS-29 Exploration and Environmental Evaluation of the World's Longest Underwater Cave. D. W. FISK, Suwannee River Water Mngt. Dist., White Springs, FL., 32096; I. S. EXLEY, National Association for Cave Diving, National Speleological Society. Field investigations of the Peacock Springs cave system reveal the development of the system through time in response to the interplay of hydrogeological variables. This north Florida spring, with over 14,000 feet of mapped passage, ranks among the largest caves in the southeast and is the longest underwater cave ever explored. Planned development in this area represents a threat to the water quality of the spring system and possible pollution of Florida's primary artesian aquifer. apr pers Florida Scientist sii 11:45am EPS-30 Case Studies of Comparative Dredge and Fill Techniques on Tampa Bay, Florida. L. D. LIMOGES, Geography Dept., University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620. It is the intent of this paper to present and evaluate two case studies represen- tative of dredging and filling in Tampa Bay. The Port Redwing Fill, illustrates a poorly designed and filled site which created adverse environmental effects. The dredging and diking procedures involved in the fill construction resulted in dike collapse and associated deposition of spoil materials producing water quality pro- blems. Port Redwing is perhaps the severe ecological degradation of this type that has occurred in Tampa Bay. The second casé study involves the Tampa Harbor Deepen- ing Project. Considerable research was prepared and evaluated before the project was undertaken. In addition, the need for deepening was well established; cost benefit ratios were assessed; environmental problems and solutions were projected, and analysis of the placement of spoil in order to increase biological production was provided. ENVIORNMENTAL CHEMISTRY SECTION Perea 9:15 am Room Science Center P-112 Seme ©. Martin, University of South Florida, presiding 9:15 am EC-1 Cow Pen Slough* - A Multidisciplinary Study of The Effect of Flood Control Efforts on A West Florida Estuary M. G. Heyl, J. Lincer, Mote Marine Labora- tory. This paper reports on the annual changes observed during 1974-75 in Shakett Creek, Dona Bay and Cow Pen Slough. The last is a partially completed, joint flood control project of Sarasota County and the Soil Conservation Service which resulted in extensive upland watershed channelization. A relatively unperturbed watershed, South Creek was simultaneously evaluated for comparison. *Research supported by Sarasota County, USDA Soil Conservation Service and Mote Marine Laboratory. 9:30 am EC-2 Bromine to Lead Ratio in Environmental Particles*--H. Kim, H.A.Laitinen, Univ. of Florida.--The mole ratio of Br/Pb in leaded gasoline is 1:1. Therefore this ratio has been suggested as a tracer for particles from automobile exhaust. In such particles the ratio was determined by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Atomic absorp- tion and neutron activation analysis were used for independent check up method for lead and bromine, respectively. When the catalytic converter was attached as an anti- pollution device, the amount of bromine associated with the particulates was drastically reduced even-though the lead content was same. This suggests the presence of gaseous effluents containing bromine. The Br/Pb ratio was not significantly decreased by UV irradiation. These results were compared with previously published values in connection with the tracing of lead in the environment. *This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. 9:45 am EC-3 Perspective on Atmospheric Pollutants - Man Made versus Nature's Production. Dr. John J. Kolfenbach, Saint Leo College, Saint Leo, HK 33574 This review paper points out that contrary to popular belief atmospheric pollutants in the earth's atmosphere are attributable large to nature rather than to man's activities. It describes the sources and the mechanism for removal of the various pollutants of concern. It discusses the nature of the environmental pollution problem and summarizes progress made in reducing the problem. 10:00 am EC-4 Study of Metal Surfaces as Specific Absorbents for Air Pollutants* J.M. Ammons, R.S. Braman, University of South Florida. Based upon early success with mercury compounds! a series of metallic coatings on glass Beads (Cu. Ag, Au, Ru, Pd, Ir. Pt, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Ge, Sn, W, As, Sb, Re, Hf, Ta, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mn, Ti) have been tested for specific absorption of compounds of environmental interest (selected sulfur compounds, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, vinylchloride, and miscellaneous organic compounds). Florida Scientist 18. Specific absorption has been noted and a procedure developed for analysis of air for extremely low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. 1. R.S. Braman and D.L. Johnson, Environ. Sci. & Technol. 8 , 1003 (1974). * Research supported by the National Science Foundation, RANN Program VO+t5¢am EC=5 Tritium Behavior in Natural Food Chains. W.jeWaigees Environmental Quality Lab, Port Charlotte, Florida.--There is some con- cern that tritium may accumulate in components of the environment at higher concentrations than protium because:of the difference in relative kinetics of tritium and protium resulting from tritium's heayae meee ("isotope effect"). Experiments in aquatic systems indicate thaencoues does not occur and that the bioaccumulation factor for tritxeonesaeee than or equal to the bioaccumulation factor for protium. This ’papen discusses the movement and distribution of protium in the environment, reviews experiments that compare the behavior of tritium and protium in aquatic systems and indicates aspects of the question needing further study. 10:30 am EC-6 The influence of Gomphosphaeria aponina and its Bioactive Componates on the Growth and Ichthyotoxicity of Gymnodinium breve* L. F. McCoy and D. F. Martin, Univ. of South Florida, Dept. of Chem., Tampa, Florida. The presentation will consider the deliterious effect of G. aponina on the growth of the Florida red tide organism, G. breve and will indicate that "bioactive" fractions obtained by chemical extraction also act upon the G. breve. The presentation will further consider the influence of (aponin) on the ichthyotoxic nature of that organism. *Research supported by SUS Florida Sea Grant Program E. C. Kutt and D. F. Martin, Environ. Letters 9(2), 195 (1975). 10:45: am+ COFFEE BREAK 11:00 am EC-7 Effects of salinity on synthesis of DNA, acidic polysaccharide, and growth in the blue-green alga, Gomphosphaeria aponina.* D. F. Martin and M. H. Gonzalez, Dept. of Chem., Univ. of South Florida, Tampa. A blue green alga, Gomphos- haeria aponina, was grown in artificial sea water at salinities 20-36%, and constant iTTumination. Fair to good growth was obtained at all salinities, and growth constants (Ke) were obtained. A parabolic relationship was obtained for the growth salinity re- lationship, e.g. (S-Smax)* = -2p (Ke - Ke'), where S and Smax iS the given salinity and the maximum salinity, respectively, for which growth constants Ke and Ke’ were obtained; p ?S a constant. The rate of DNA synthesis increased linearly with growth constant a- bove a given growth constant. Linear correlation coefficients were obtained for rate of polysaccharide synthesis and the rate of synthesis of aponin. The latter is material isolated from G. aponina that has cytolytic activity toward the Florida red tide or- ganism, Gymnodinium breve, an unarmoured dinoflagellate. * Research was supported by SUS Sea Grant Program. 11:15 am EC-8 An Environmental AnalysisMethod for Selenium*, G.R. Nelson, R.S. Braman, University of South Florida. Nanogram amounts of selenite ion in solution may be determined based upon reduction to HoSe by Cr(II) in 6M HCl, cold trapping of the HoSe and its detection in a d.c. dis- Charge using Se atomic emission lines. Details of the method have been carefully studied to eliminate oxygen and other interferences and to optimize the procedure which has been applied to natural water analyses. *Research supported by the National Science Foundation, RANN Program 11:30 am EC-9 Diffusion Core Flux: An Analysis of Dissolved Interstitial Phosphate Gradient Concentrations* R. W. Young, University of South Florida. Concentrations of dissolved interstitial phosphates were found by analysis of sediment pore waters. Sediment cores were segmented and placed in diffusion columnswith sea- water and deionized water. Data regarding the desorption of interstitial phosphates was collected. The interstitial phosphate gradient was determined by a correlation of pore water data. The pontential change in the phosphate gradient concentrations was determined by diffusion core analysis. All sediment cores were taken in the environs ‘Of a secondarily treated sewage outfall. *Research supported by University of South Florida Marine Science Institute. Florida Scientist I meee Noon Lunch, Triton Room, Dining Hall #2250 pm Triton Room, Dining Hall Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences Wrtitvom H, Taft, University of South Florida, presiding fee - 15 pm Room Science Center P-112 Mame Marcin, University of South Florida, presiding 1:15 pm EC-10 Implications of Lake Augmentation on Growth of Hydrilla* P. M. Dooris, D. F. Martin and D. M. Victor, Dept. of Chem., Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. Six lakes in northwest Hillsborough County, Florida, were sampled synoptically, and wa- ter samples were analyzed for selected chemical and biochemical characteristics. The six lakes had different histories of augmentation with deep well water. Analysis of the data suggest the lakes can be placed into two groups based upon water hardness and the ability of hydrilla togrow in water samples from the lake: those that have never been pumped and those that have. In addition, variation of hydrills growth in different mixtures of lake-well water has been measured. Evidence is presented that the effect of adding well water is growth enhancement of hydrilla. *Research supported by S.W.F.W.M.D. and Florida DNR-Bureau of Aquatic Weed Research and Control. Beep eO-tt 6Studies of the Uptake and Distribution of Various Metals in Water Hyacinth iN Copley wands DWE Martins, Unaversi1 ty of Eeereerlorida. The presence of the water weeds, Hydrilila and Water Hyacinth, in Florida lakes and streams has created a costly cleanup Moameeierol program. tithe studies previously performed and those cur- rently under investigation in this lab address the growth and adap- M—eaenbcionenon Of these pests... This paper will examine the effect Gteuettous environmentally significant concentrations of iron on the meem@en Or, Uptake of, and distribution of iron and other metals in Seeeeeescinths collected from various ecologically important faeaetogs. Aiter segmenting hyacinths into leaves, stems, and roots emcees Ound that between 75 and 96% of the total iron and 70% of the total manganese is located in the roots. Calcium is equally distri- buted throughout the plant and cobalt and copper are concentrated (80-907) in the lower sections (stems and roots). Eighty percent of the magnesium is found in the upper portions of the plant (stems and Bemieaeeistributed equally between them). Studies of the effect of the iron concentration on its uptake are being analyzed. *Research supported by Florida DNR-Bureau of Aquatic Weeds Research and Control 1:45 pm EC-12 Thermal and Acid-Base Stability of the Cytolytic Activity of Aponin.* Barbara B. Martin and Dean F. Martin, Dept. of Chem., Univ. of South Florida. The cytolytic activity of aponin!, a material extraced from Gomphosphaeria aponina, toward cultures of Gymnodinium breve was determined was as a function of temperature of incuba- tion (1 hour at temperatures from 30-1109C, and as a function of pH. In the latter in- Stance, samples of aponin were suspended in distilled water solutions with pH values 2 1-10, incubated for 48 hours at 30°C, then neutralized, and the cytolytic activity was determined, relative to appropriate controls. Finally, the aponin in sea water was in- cubated at 30°C for various lengths of times; the cytolytic activity remained constant during 1-7 days. The significance of these studies will be described. 1 £.C. Kutt and D. F. Martin, Environ. Letters, 9, 195 (1975). Research supported in part by SUS Florida Sea Grant Program 2:00 pm EC-13 Characterization of the blue-green alga, Gomphosphaeria aponina for Mass Culture.* D.L. Eng-Wilmot ard D. F. Martin, Dept. of Chem., Univ. of South Fiorida, Tampa. The blue green alga, Gomphosphaeria aponina has been shown to elaborate to a material termed aponin that is cytolytic towards Florida's red tide organism, Gymnodinium breve. In developing a bio-control model for the red tide, a complete characterization Of the active material and the organism is required. This paper summarizes a number of Datch and chemostat culture studies conducted to determine the critical nutritional and growth requirements of the organism. It has been shown that orthophosphate, nitrate and ammonia have little stimulatory activity, whereas Fe(III)-EDTA and carbon dioxide are limiting. Saturation kinetics, limiting and optimum substrate concentrations, as well as uptake rates for iron and carbon dioxide is considered. Indications that pho- Florida Scientist 20. todegradation of Fe(III)-EDTA may be involved in the enhancement of the growth rates of the organism. The alga has a low light compensation point and is light saturated at approximately 400 foot-candles. Optimum temperature for growth is 28-C with a rapid decline in growth above 32°C. *Research was supported by SUS Sea Grant Program. 2:15 pm EC-14 Long-Term Peace River Characteristics as a Measure of the Impact of a Phosphate Slime Spill.* D. F. Martin and Y. S. Kim, Univ. of South Florida, Dept. o Chem., Tampa, Florida. Selected stations on the Peace River, Florida were sampled be- fore and after a phosphate slime spill in 1972, and selected chemical constituents were repeated in 1974. The effect of the spill on the long-term characteristics is con- Sidered, as is the influence of these characteristics on the suitability of Charlotte Harbor for red tide blooms. *Supported in part by the State-Related Research Program of the SUS Board of Regents at the request of the Florida Coastal Coordinating Council. 2250 *pm (ROOM Setence: (Center Pe i2 Organizational Meeting for the Enviornmental Chemistry Section Dean F. Martin, University of South Florida, presiding Eriday 3:00 pm Room Serlence Center P-iis SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding MEDICAL SCIENCES SECTION Friday. 8345 am Room sevence Center P5276 Michael J. Sweeney, Florida Technological University, presiding 8:45 am MS-1 Production of Antibodies to Diethylstilbestrol. S.W.Mace, M.J. Sweeney, Florida Technological University. Antibodies to Diethylstilbestrol (DES) were produced in New Zealand White Rabbits in low titer. The DES was made anti- genic by polymerizing it with benzidine to prepare a high molecular weight highly insoluble compound with a water soluble fraction of molecular weight 30,900-40,000. Depot injections were used to overcome the problem of insolubility of some of the compound. Presence of the antibodies was demonstrated through hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition studies. 9:00 am MS-2 An Immunological Study of the Tumorous-Head Antigens Found in Drosophila melanogaster. N.E.Naples, G.Baumbach, P.Weihe, D.T.Kuhn, and M.J. Sweeney. Florida Technological University. The tumerous-head mutant in Drosophila melanogaster with a penetrance of 85-95% is the only known existing homoeotic mutant that is maternally affected. Antigens possibly specific for tumorous—head genes have been found in our laboratory. One antigenic band appears to be maternally affected, as is the tumorous-head trait, the enzymes aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Genetically, the tumorous head phenotype results from a mutant gene tu-3(3-58.5_) that is enhanced by an x-linked gene tu-la(1-65.3). Similarly, genes at the maroon-like locus (1-64.8), close to tu-la and the struc— tural gene for aldehyde oxidase (3-56.62), close to tu-3, are necessary for aldehyde oxidase synthesis. Tumorous-head antigens are traced to chromosomes 1 and 3. Our specific aim is to immunologically characterize the 2 apparently unique antigenic tumorous-head bands, genetically localize them and explore the possibi- lity that other immunological properties may be unique to the tumorous-head flies, and their head growths. This can be accomplished through immunodiffusion, immuno- electrophoresis and immunoadsorption techniques. 9:15 am MS-3 Effect of Inhibitors of Energy Metabolism on *9Ca¢t Uptake by Myocard- ial Fragments. J.0. TSOKOS, R. SANS. Univ. of So. Fla. The relative importance of heart mitochondria in regulation of intracellular [Ca2t+] in cardiac muscle is contro- versial. We have used an unusual myocardial tissue preparation in which the cg}! sar- colemmae are abnormally permeable to added solutes to study energy-linked 45ca¢t up- take, employing inhibitors of mitochondrial energy metabolism to Pag alee the mito- chondrial contribution to rate and extent of uptake. At 6.6uM Ca¢t, which is near the ae ms Florida Scientist Dee normal intracellular [Ca@t]_range, inhibitors of mitochondrial energy metabolism do not diminish initial rates of 45ca2t uptake by myocardial fragments, but reduce the ulti- mate extent of uptake to about half control level. Similar patterns are seen with car- bony] cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (1.6uM), CN~ (1mM), and atractyloside (70uM) , each of which acts at a different locus to inhibit mitochondrial Ca“° transport. These data suggest that the mitochondria cannot control beat-to-beat [Ca2+] oscillations be- cause their uptake rate must be low in comparison to the extramitochondrial (i.e., sar- coplasmic reticulum) rate. However, the organelles might participate in regulation of restina tension bv determinina restina Ca¢t levels. 9:30 am MS-4 Plasma Membrane Changes in Rat Renal Cortex Under Conditions of Anoxia, Low pH and Loss of Mitochondrial Function.* S. E. COLEMAN, J. DUGGAN and R. L. HACKETT, VA Hospital and University of Florida, Gainesville.--Under conditions of renal ischemia, cellular injury results in anoxia, decrease in pH and in ATP in the cells. Following ischemia, plasma membranes in the renal cortex can be observed by freeze- fracture to exhibit aggregation of membrane-associated particles in the protoplasmic (PF) fracture face. In anoxic or oxygenated tissue slices exposed to pH 7.4 for 30 or 60 min at 37°C, no particle aggregation was observed. However, after 60 min of anoxia at pH 6.2 and after inhibition of respiration with 10-4 M antimycin A at pH 6.2, exten- Sive particle aggregation occurred in the plasma membrane. Inhibition of glycolysis with 10 * M iodoacetate at pH 6.2 or 7.4 resulted in particle aggregation in both plasma and vacuolar membranes. These results indicate that low pH as well as blockage of energy production may be responsible for the conformational changes in plasma membranes following cellular injury by ischemia. *Research supported by Veterans Administration MRIS 3369-01. 9:45 am MS-5 Digital Signal Analysis of Auditory Evoked Responses _eereecreecncephalography* S.C. BLOCH, P. W. LYONS, and D. C. SHEPHERD, Seewe OF South Florida, and F. X. FRUEH, Tampa V.A. Hospital--In this paper we will present preliminary results on the application of high- Speed correlation techniques to determination of latency in clinical studies of the auditory evoked response. Our data acquisition system at the Tampa V.A. Hospital Audiology and Speech Pathology Service consists of a Grass Instruments Model 8-10-8A Electroencephalograph and a Hewlett-Packard HP5480B Signal Averager. The averaged evoked response wave forms were analyzed on an IBM 360 to compute the cross correlations with the auditory stimulus by means of the fast Fourier transform and the Wiener-Khintchine theorem. We will attempt to assess and compare the potential clinical usefulness of cross correlations and peak latencies. *Research supported in part by The Veterans Administration. 10:00 am COFFEE BREAK 2s om Room Science Center P-323 Business Meeting of the Medical Sciences Section Michael J. Sweeney, Florida Technological University, presiding $0230 am MS-6 livpertension in Florida: A Situational Analvsis* C.W.WIENKFR Univ. of Pmerica. Gost freauently afflictine the aged and Blecks. This research atternted to comprerend the extent of Florida's hypertension problem and whet is bheinre done about it Epidemiological Gata, interviews from over 200 health care erencies from most of ttc state's GT counties and queries of over 500 physicians were collected during 2 72 month Span. Prevalence of this asymptomatic condition lars behind national rates, for vir- tually all demorraphic subgroups in Plorida. Hvnertension awareness and success*ul treatment, (in the urban areas of South Florida), exceed national firures. Local earener rrorrams provide effective screenins, but usually are ineffective in the areas of ucation, followun and treatment. Florida's nhvsicians spend 14” of their time vith hypertensives and acree vith the need for diagnostic standardization of the disesse. 9”) | “oOreover, nrevalence among their clinical rorulation rarallels thet of the romiletion Screened by public srencies. * Research sunvorted by The Florida Perional Medical Prorram, Inc. Florida Scientist Ze 10:45 am MS-7 Chemotherapy of Melanoma. B. SOKOLOFF, K. ARAKI, A. H. SOKO- LOFF, Cooke Memorial Cancer Research Inst., FSC. -- Cancerous growth melanoma is resistant to any known anticancer drugs. Discovery was made that an oncoly- tie antibiotic, Gladenine, produced by the fungus Paecilomyces nov. sp. 250= lated from the soil of the Florida Everglades, is effective against Harding- Passey melanoma in mice. The antibiotic shows no cytotoxicity and gives con- siderable inhibition of hard cancerous growth. Combined with a small amount of hydrazine sulfate, which Dr. Joseph Gold of Syracuse Cancer Institute dis- covered acts as an antimetabolite of glucose, it was possible to cure mice from melanoma. A long term screening technique was used with I.P. injections started 10 or more days after transplant and continued for 30-40 days. Mice gained weight and still remain healthy many weeks thereafter. 11:00 am MS-8 Developmental Screening of Infants at Risk, PATRICIA J. BLOCH, Easter Seal Center, Tampa.--A follow-up procedure was de- veloped for use with selected infants out of the Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Program of the Florida Perinatal Program. Periodic examination at specified post-conceptual ages by a Pediatric Neuro- logist, a Pediatrician and a Speech Pathologist-Audiologist is scheduled. The child's "functional status" as he approaches school age is reviewed. Developmental delays are detected early as are medically treatable problems. Audiologic follow-up and language stimulation are offered where appropriate. 11:15 am MS-9 Hypnotic Anesthesia for Total Crown Preparation--WILLIAM M. TRANTHAM, Florida Keys Community College.--This paper will demonstrate the utilization of the brain wave synchronizer to induce hypnotic anesthesia for dental applications and will include a color film of the author using the instrument during the vertical reduction pha#® of the dental procedure. 11:30 am MS-10 Prescription Hypnosis for Medical Applications--WILLIAM M. TRANTHAM, Florida Keys Community College.--This paper will include a color slide presentation of the application of hypnosis for dental anesthesia and post operative pain. It will also describe hyperesthesia techniques for improving control of voluntary muscle during hypnotic anesthesia. 12300 Noon “Lunch, Triton Room, Daning Hall 12:30pm “Triton Room, Dining adel Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences William H. Taft, University of South Florida, presiding Friday 3:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding PHYSICAL SCIENCES SECTION Friday 9:00 am Room Science Center P-104 William B. Phillips, State University System of Florida, presiding 9:00 am PS-1l An Interdisciplinary Course in Chemistry. Frank Dudley, University of South Florida. . These photo-electric effects provide valuable information on molecular phenomena that is relevant to unsolved problems in membrane and photo-biology, and photo-chemistry with modestly priced equipment. le J. S. Huebner and H. T. Tien, J. Bioenergetics 4 (1973) 469-478 2. H. T. Tien and J. S. Huebner, J. Membrane Biology 11 (1973) 57-74 3. J. S. Huebner, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 406 (1975) 178-186 11:30 am PS-9 Pumping in Oscillating Liquid Vapor Columns KR. Ay j¢hame S. C. KRANC, University of South Florida, J. W. SHELDON (7iaecerae International University.--This paper reports on a continuing investigation of a thermomechanical device which produces liquid pumping by self-excited oscillation of a liquid column. This device is applicable to waste heat recovery or solar energy converSion. Analysis and solution of governing equations is discussed and some recent results are presented. Regimes of operation and criterion for sustained oscillatory behavior are examined. 11:45 am PS-10 Photoelectric Observations of TW Cassiopeiae in the Red and Near Infrared Wavelength Regions.* D. R. Florkowski and K-Y. Chen, Univ. of Florida.-- R (7000 A region) and I (9000 A region) observations of the eclipsing variable TW Cassiopeiae have been made using the 30-inch reflecting telescope at the Rosemary Hill Observatory in the 1975-76 season. These observations are compared with the B, V observations of McCook (1971) 1 and the U,B,V observations of Cester and Pucillo (1972)* and of Kandpal (1975)3 especially around and during the secondary eclipse. Interpretations of the differences among different light curves are discussed. *Research supported by the National Science Foundation. IncCook , G. Ps 1971, Astron. J. 76, 449. 2cester, B. and peed ia! M. 1972, » Mem. S. Ast. Ital. Age 29%, 3Kandpal, C.D. 1975, Astrph. and Space Sci. 32, 291. Florida Scientist 7255, 12:00 Noon :- Lunch, Triton Room, Dining Hall 12:30 pm Triton Room, Dining Hall Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences William H. Taft, University of South Florida, presiding Friday 1:15 pm Room Science Center P-104 Harry Robertson, University of Miami, presiding 1:15 pm PS-11 Gravimetric Studies, Sarasoto/Charlotte/DeSoto Counties, R. K. C. JOHNS, Principal Investigator.--The objective of the studies was to utilize Bouguer and residual gravity anomalies as indicators of hydro- thermal reservoirs. Bouguer gravity anomalies were obtained in the customary way; residual gravity anomalies were obtained by the least squares method approximating regional gravity anomalies by a bivariate third order polynomial. Bouguer gravity anomalies identified a fault in the Ft. Ogden/Nocatee area; the depth of basement rock is estimated to be 3-4 Km. From second derivatives of Bouguer anomalies the undulations of the basement rock are estimated to be within 0.1 Km. In agreement with other exploration methods it is estimated that a hydrothermal reservoir can be expected between the Myakka River, U. S. 41 and SR 41. Existing data suggest other hydrothermal reservoirs. To define their location additional gravity data are needed. 1:30 pm PS-12 Deep-wel |! data on geothermal prospects in Florida. W. F. TANNER Geology Dept., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.--Logs from about 500 deep wells were studied, and the geothermal gradient was mapped for the state. Two favorable anoma- lies were found in peninsular Florida: one near Tampa Bay, and the other in Charlotte, DeSoto and Sarasota counties. The maximum observed gradient is 2.2 C/!100m, vertically. At 2000 m depth, a single hot spot was found: 76 C, in Charlotte County. In the anomalous areas, depth to 100 C is 4 km or less, within reach of modern drilling equipment (which can go to twice that depth). Ground water flow at shallow depths distorts the data field, so that temperatures and gradients observed at | km, or less, do not represent deeper values very well. The deep heat flow is estimated to be 8 to I5 kcal/sec, across each square kn. of surface; this estimate is based on published measurements of thermal conductivity of rocks similar to those in peninsular Florida. Work now under way includes using deep well log data to make closer estimates of thermal conductivity, and hence of heat flow; and using log data to determine potential transmissability at depth. 1:45 pm PS-13 Uranium and Radium lsotopes in Geothermal Waters. J. K. OSMOND, Geology Dept., Florida State University, Tallahassee.--Uranium 238 is the long-lived parent of the naturally occurring radioactivity series which includes uranium-234, Thorium-230, radium-226, and radon-222. Under conditions of elevated temperature the uranium tends to be precipitated from ground water in accumutation zones, though without the isotopic fractionation effects which lead to high U-234/U-238 alpha activity ratios in other ground waters. Elevated geothermal gradients are thus indicated by the following radioisotopic anomalies: low uranium concentration, high radium/uranium ratio, and low U-234/U-238 alpha activity ratio. These anomalies persist in ground water even if circulation patterns distort the temperature gradients. In the Charlotte Harbor region, the uranium series radioisotopic anomalies are consistent with geophysical indications of abnormal geothermal gradient. 2:00 pm PS-14 Electrical Methods in Geothermal Prospecting, G. V. KELLER, Colorado School of Mines.--Heating a rock reduces its electrical resistivity. For example, heating a porous, water-laden rock from a temperature of 20°C to 320°C will reduce the resistivity by a factor of approximately seven. Because of this relationship between electrical resistivity and temperature, electrical surveys are commonly used in exploration for geothermal resources. Many ways of measuring earth resistivities are available, and a wide variety are in use in geothermal exploration. For surveys in areas where rocks are normally quite conductive, electromagnetic induction surveys appear to be a particularly effective surveying technique. In such surveys, an intense low-frequency electromagnetic field is generated, and secondary magnetic fields caused by eddy currents flowing in conductive rocks are detected. Such surveys are capable of measuring relatively subtle changes in resistivity to depths of about 5 kilometers, with the present state of the art. Florida Scientist 26. 2:15 pm PS-15 Contribution of Heat Flow Measurements to Thermal Resource Investiga- tions in Sarasota County, Florida, Douglas SMITH, Dept. of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Geothermal Measurements at two sites in Sarasota County demonstrate a marked variability in conductive heat flow with both depth and location. Heat flow values of 0.6-0.9 hfu (1 hfu = 1 ucal/cm2sec) at Sarasota and 0.2-1.9 hfu at Verna are computed, but an interpretation of possible hydrologic disturbances, based on geo- thermal gradient patterns in the aquifer, leads to an estimated average value of 1.0 hfu for the Sarasota-Verna area. A downward extrapolation of the deepest thermal gradient measured at Verna suggests temperature values of 100°C at an approximate depth of 2.2 km. A detailed evaluation of subsurface geothermal conditions and an assessment of potential geothermal resources in Sarasota and Charlotte Counties may be justified. 2:30 pm PS-16 Hydrochemistry of Deep Thermal Brines in Florida-F.T. Manheim, University of South Florida. -- Hydrochemical studies are proposed as a part of a geothermal program in Florida (Johns and others, 1976). The composition of deeper fluids is important for three major reasons. Chemical variability of subsurface fluids provides in- formation on the volume and intercommunication of reservoirs. The composition of fluids may reveal information on the source and orig- inal temperature of fluids. Finally, compositional data have practical significance in terms of health hazards (e.g., HS content), seorromncm potential, tendency to form precipitates and possible economic value (e.g., high bromine content of South Florida brines).--Preliminary studies show that over nearly all of Florida subsurface fluids become very saline with depth, approaching saturation with sodium chloride (about 250,000 ppm). However, reliable data on local variations in deep fluid composition are rare. Nor are regional studies on permea- bility and intercommunication available in the published literature. information on these questions will be useful not only for geothermal research, but also for other purposes, such as deep well waste dis- posal and underground storage. 2:45 pm COFFEE BREAK Friday 3:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding SCIENCE TEACHING SECTION Friday 9:30 am Room Science Center P-408 Robert Bird, Florida Technological University, presiding 9:30 am ST-1 Dying Reefs in the Florida Keys. WILLIAM M. TRANTHAM, Florida Keys Community College. This paper will include a color’ slide presentation of research undertaken aboard R. V. Antaries during the 1975 Dying’ Reefs Expedition*. It will discuss underwater teaching methodology and survey techniques utilized during the expedition. *Research supported by E.E.I. 9:50 am ST=-2 Collection, Classification and Preservation of Marine Algae of the Florida Keys for a Teaching Museum. ALBERT RACHEL, Florida Keys Community College. This paper will include a color slide presentation of marine algae of the Florida Keys and will describe the methods by which they are collected, classified and preserved for museum purposes. 10:10 am ST-3 An Interdisciplinary Field Course in Marine Science. D. C. STEINKER and J. C. FLOYD, Bowling Green State Univ.--Many field courses in geology and biology tend to suffer from the effects of com- partmentalization in science. For several years we have taught an inter- disciplinary field course in shallow-water marine environments in the Florida Keys, where diverse environments are easily accessible. Students are drawn primarily from geology and biology, but also have included majors from other areas of science. Lectures, discussions, field excur- Florida Scientist Dale sions, and group research projects serve to integrate various biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the marine environment. Students with backgrounds in different areas work together on field-oriented re- search problems. The main objectives of the course are: 1) to give the student a better understanding of the marine environment through first- hand experience, and 2) to instill a better appreciation of the funda- mental unity of science through problem solving. Paewesy 10:30 am Room Science Center P-408 Business Meeting of the Science Teaching Section iaeeeeemserone, Florida Technological University, presiding ets am COFFEE BREAK 11:00 am ST-4 Biology of Man - - A Nontraditional Approach to College Teaching, T.O. Morgan, J.L. Koevenig and R.L. Arnold, FIU. The increased demand to college level ed- ucation and the decrease in public funding at this level has led to a consideration of nontraditional approaches that will reach large numbers of people in their homes. One approach is the use of televised courses in a university program open to anyone. Anal- ysis of unsuccessful televised "talking face" lecture courses and successful ETV pro- grams such as Sesame St. led to the concept of a televised series of programs designed to entertain the viewer and increase his interest in the subject while teaching basic concepts. Sixteen television programs, produced in the campus studios at FIU and aired over open circuit stations, will form the nucleus of a course and will lead viewers to supplementary materials. The Biology of Man was selected as a trial course because of its subject matter appeal, its application to everyday life, the relative ease of visually illustrating many important concepts and the existence of a similar, but tradi- tional, course at FTU that could be adapted to television. Production techniques and course content will be described and program excerpts will be shown. 11:20 am ST-5 Classroom Photography in Pre-Service Teacher Training. Robert C. Bird, Florida Technological University. In a three hour block of time the pros- pective teachers learn to take, develop, and print photographs using simplified procedures and inexpensive equipment. The photos are taken using an inexpensive plastic camera found in most toy stores, developing is done in a tank developer, and contact prints are made using studio proof paper and the sun. one Neon Lunch, Triton Room, Dining Hall se.om Triton Room, Dining Hall Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences eeiteam H. Taft, University of South Florida, Presiding meueey. 5:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Sines Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding DOCEAL, SClENCES SECTION Friday 9:00 am Room Science Center P-314 Prmote Pillie, Florida Technological University, presiding 9:00 am SS-1 Police Perceptions of Female Roles and Women in Policing* Manuel VEGA and Ira J. SILVERMEN--University of South Florida--Questionnaires given to approximately 390 police officers provided data on the perceptions toward women and femal police officers. The majority felt women's place was in the home and raising a family. They also felt women deserve equal pay and are discriminated against. In police work, women were viewed as ineffective in typical patrol activities but effective in dealing with juveniles and women, in traffic control and under- cover work. Cross tabulation of these data by age, degree of conserv atism and education, revealed that education was the major variable differentiating respondents with respect to attitudes toward women and effectiveness of females in police functions. Florida Scientist 28. 9:30 am SS-2 Intergenerational Patterns of Participation: A Comparison of Mothers' and Daughters’ Activities in Politics and the Women's Movement*Mark STERN, Florida Technological University, Joyce LILIE, Florida International University, Roger HANDBERG, Florida Technological University--_This paper focuses on the patterns of participation of mothers and daughters in both politics, generally, and the women's liberation movement. Milbrath's hierachy of participation is utilized for both mothers and daughters. In addition, a comparable hierachy of participation in women's movement activities is developed and utilized. We assess the relationship between mothers and daughters particiapation in politics and its relationship to participation in the women's movement. We also assess the intra-—family continuity of participation in each of these two sphers of activity. *Reseach supported in part by a grant from the FIU Foundation. Friday 10:00 am Room Science Center P-314 Business Meeting of the Social Sciences Section Roger Handberg, Florida Technological University, presiding 10:15 am COFFEE BREAK 10:30 am SS-3 Impact of American National Government course on Political Attitudes,* Stuart A. Lilie and Robert L. Bledsoe, Florida Technological University.--A study of attitude change based on a survey of students at the beginning and end of an introductory course at FTU. Significant attitude change was measured in four policy areas: domestic economic, domestic non-economic, civil liberties and international affairs. This data is compared with a similar 1965 study as well as analyzed by controlling for various demographies. *Research supported in part by a grant from the FIU Foundation. 11:00 am SS-4 Some Effects of Mass Migration of Lower Socio-economic Groups: The Case of Irish Immigration to Scotland*Henrv KENNEDY, Florida Technolopical University--The paper will examine the mass migration of peasant and working class poor from Ireland to industrial Scotland from 1841 to the present. The impact of the immigrants in political, economic, and religious affairs will be examined. It will be asserted that this and other mass migrations e.g., Asians to Britain and Southern Blacks to the cities of Northern USA, produce social friction which is predictable and out of which often comes upheaval, The suggestion will be made that some form of central planning can offset the harsher aspects of large population movements. 11:30 am SS-5 An Approach to Speciation Problems in Early Human Evolution. M.J. HANSINGER, Univ. of Florida.--A statistical analysis supports the view that several distinct biological species of early man were living and evolving at the same time. Study material consists of odontometrics of African fossils from 3.0 to 1.0 mya. The problem is complicated by the patchy nature of the fossil record. The approach is to compare measurements of three ape and three fossil human samples. With these as ''guidelines'' the smaller fossil samples are then evaluated. Bivariate statistics processed through an IBM 365 furnish a tool of some objectivity. The dental inferences suggest that several early lineages were as distinct perhaps as today's living apes. 12700 Noon, Lunch, Triten Room, Dining Hall 127330 pm Triton Room, Dining Halt Annual Business Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences William H. Taft, University of South Florida, presiding Friday 1:20 pm Room Science Center P-314 Douglas Smyth, Florida Technological University, presiding 1:20 pm SS-6 Differences in Growth Policy Orientations: Sources of City-County Conflict*Marilyn W.WHISLER , Florida Technological University—-State governments have recently been reconsidering the appropriate role of the state in relating to the growth policies of local governments. A major concern has been the search for means to resolve local intergovernmental conflict on growth policy issues. This study examines the policy orientations of city and county officials toward various types of growth management between city and county officals. The research examines several possible sources of city=county differences. The sources discussed include Florida Scientist 29. 1) the personal characteristics of elected city and county officials, 2) the attitudes of officials toward recent action of the state government in the growth policy field, 3) the salience of the growth problem to individual jurisdictions, 4) the perceptions of officials regarding the need for changes in local growth management strategies, and :5) the desire of officials for increased industrial and commercial development. 1:40 pm SS-7 Third World Militance and Economic Development*Douglas C. SMYTH, Florida Technological University--Is there a relationship between level of economic development and the degree of militance in the promotion or agreement with an anti- Western Third World position on international issues? According to the gap theory of international conflict, the poorest and most slowly developing nations should take the most militant position. According to the social=psychological theory of relative deprivation and Riggs and Huntington's concepts of "negative development," it is precisely those countries which experience most rapid srowth which should he expected to be mot militant. An index of militance derived from the positions taken by Third World nations in United Nations meetings will be compared with attributes such as levels and rates of development, regional divisions, religious characteristics, to determine which set of hypotheses best explains current international behavior. 2:00 pm SS-8 The Rhesus Monkeys of Silver Springs* W. R, MAPLES, Florida State Museum.--This paper will discuss the population of rhesus monkeys that originated at Silver Springs, Florida after some were released during the filming of a Tarzan movie in the mid-1930's. These monkeys have fared well over the years. While a portion of their diet comes from tourist boats, they have adapted to the local habitat and display interesting behavioral features, especially swimming and diving for food that falls into the river. The Silver Springs monkeys offer a unique study situation in Florida where a free-roaming population of old world monkeys can be longitudinally studied and their behavior compared and contrasted with studies of rhesus monkeys in their native environments. Slides will be used to illustrate the discussion. *Research supported by the Florida State Museum with the cooperation of Silver Sprinas Inc., a subsidiary of The American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 2:20 pm SS-9 Intelligibility of Deconvolved Speech. S. C. BLOCH and S. I. : RITTERMAN, Univ. of South Florida, and T. G. STOCKHAM, JR., Univ. of Utah. This paper presents preliminary results of intelligibility tests of digitally deconvolved speech. The original material, consisting of phonetically balanced word lists of C.1I.D. Auditory Test W-22 and sentences from Harvard Psycho- Acoustic Lab Auditory Test No.12, was recorded by a male voice. The tape was then modified by amplitude, frequency, and phrase distortion, with several signal- to-noise ratios. "Blind deconvolution" of the distorted tape was accomplished via digital computer techniques. We present an analysis of the intelligibility tests using the distorted and the deconvolved speech on normal hearing adults. 1. 1.G.Stockham, Jr., T.M.Cannon, and R.B.Ingebretson, Proc. JEEE 63; G78 C975). 2:45 pm COFFEE BREAK Friday 3:00 pm Room Science Center P-118 SYMPOSIUM - SOLAR ENERGY Bruce Nimmo, Florida Technological University, presiding AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICS TEACHERS Saturday 9:00 am Room Science Center P-112 Alexander K. Dickison, Seminole Community College, presiding 9:00 am PT-1 Computer Based Projects for the Beginning Physics Student, N.D. Adams, Chipola Junior College - - - This paper will present several examples of computer based projects successfully undertaken by students in our Phy 201-202 course, a two-semester physics sequence primarily for pre-engineering students. Each project is in FORTRAN IV, runs on the IBM 1130 Computing System, and uses the 1132 Printer for graphical presentation of the output. A Brief outline of each project will be given along with an example of the output. Although it is too soon to document the effectiveness of these projects as a learning aid, the students involved seem to have a greatly increased understanding of the physics principles involved and all were enthusiastic about their projects. Florida Scientist 30. 9:20 am PT-2 Magnetic Monopoles and the Quantization of Electric Charge for a First Year Quantum Mechanics Course. J. C. KATZIN, Florida Technological University.-- A derivation of the Schwinger quantization condition relating magnetic and electric charge (eg/Re = integer), which differs from Dirac's condition, has previously been given only within the framework of Quantum Field Theory. I give a derivation completely within the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. It is appro- priate for any course which covers the Schrédinger equation in the presence of a magnetic vector potential field. 9:40 am PT-3 L-5 (Space Colony) Physics, J. S. HUEBNER, University of North Florida.--G. K. O'Neill recently demonstrated that the Lagrangian L-5 libration point of the Earth-Moon system may be colonized using present technology and the space shuttlel, perhaps solving the energy crisis as well?, I have found this to be a popu- lar topic in enrichment courses3, taken by non-science major juniors and seniors. Since successful colonization will require an interaction of knowledge from disciplines ranging from astronomy, biology, ecology to psychology and political science as well as physics and engineering, most students relate this topic to their prospective field and major interests. This topic motivates students to learn science, and it provides an excellent example of how a current scientific idea may influence subsequent human be- havior. Many students form the opinion that space colonization represents the next major step in the ascent of man, a view in which I concur. ie G. K. O'Neill, Physics Today, Sept. 1974, p. 32-40 Dy G. K. O'Neill, Science 190 (1975) p. 943-947 36 J. S. Huebner, The Physics Teacher, in press, and L-5 News, Dec. 1975, p. 6 10:00 am COFFEE BREAK 10:20 am PT-4 Safety Orientation for Physics Laboratory Students, N.D. Adams, Chipola Junior College - - This paper will review some of the hazards in the physics laboratory as outlined by Bullen*. Although our knowledge of potential hazards is rapidly increasing, few physics instructors include a discussion of safety precautions in their orientation lecture at the beginning of a new laboratory course. The safety program at Chipola Junior College designed to comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act will be reviewed. The safety orientation used in our physics laboratories will also be presented. ly ¢. Bullen, Phys. Teach., 12, 579 (1974) 10:40 am PT-5 Picosecond Pulse Shaping Techniques. H. E. Bates and B. J. Henderson. Florida Technological University. We shall give a short discussion of picosecond laser pulse techniques and their application to the laser fusion problem. 11:00 am PT-6 The Recent New York Meeting of AAPT. Stanley S. Ballard, University of Florida. Highlights are presented of the joint annual AAPT-APS meeting held in New York City on February 2-5, 1976. Special attention is given to items of interest to members of the regional sections. is Z2Or amy El, Are We Teaching Physics? James G. Potter, Florida Institute of Technology - - Is it honest to force students in lower division physics courses to memorize for tests things which they will soon forget and to give them busy-work identifying , and substituting in, formulas in which the quantities match those appearing in assigned problems? Rather, should we not teach them to think in terms of physical processes and lead them to lasting under- standing and convictions concerning what goes on in the physical world and concerning concepts and generalizations of physics such as will be cited in this paper ? 11:40 am Room Science Center P-112 Business Meeting of the American Association of Physics Teachers Jack H. 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