THE 60th ANNUAL MEETING ^fcdRIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Next 60 Years of Science in Florida In Touch With People... ...In Touch With the Future Brevard Community College Melbourne Campus MARCH 29-30 (Fri. & Sat.), 1996 Annual Banquet Address by 1995 Florida Academy Medalist: Dr. James N. Layne, Archbold Biological Station ’’Exploring the Origins and Lifestyle of Florida^ Mammals” Plenary Presentation by Mr. W.M. Braselton, Jr., Harris Corp. ’’Space Vision for the Next 100 Years” Florida Scientist Program issue FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1995-1996 OFFICERS PRESIDENT: USA BEEVER, Chariotte-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization, 28000 Airport Blvd., A-6. Punta Gorda. FL 33892. 941-639-4767. FAX 941-639-8153. PRESIDENT ELECT: DAVID BLACK, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd., West Palm Beach. FL 33416. 407-687-6721. FAX 407-687-6442. PAST PRESIDENT: PATRICIA DOORIS, Dept. Math and Science, St. Leo College, St. Leo. FL 33574. 904- 588-8335, FAX 904-588-8440. PAST PRESIDENT: PATRICK J. GLEASON, Montgomery Watson Consulting Engineers, 1131 N. Palmway, Lake Worth. FL 33460. 407-586-8830, FAX 407-586-8834. SECRETARY: MARCELA GUITERREZ-MAYKA, Florida Mental Health Institute. USF, 701 E. River Dr.. Temple Terrace. FL 33617. H-81 3-985-9463. TREASURER: FREDERICK B. BUONI, Assoc. Dean - Engineering, Rorlda Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne. FL 32901. 407-768-8000 x 7390, FAX 407-676-0883. COUNCILLORS AT LARGE: GEORGE DOORIS. Dept. Math and Science, St. Leo College. St. Leo. FL 33574. 904-588-8339, FAX 904-588-8440. RITA A. KARPIE, Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Rd., Melbourne, FL 32935. 407-632-1111, X 32560, FAX 407-632-1 1 1 1 , X 33299. BARRY WHARTON, HDR Engineering, 1-1709 North Dr., Tampa. FL33617. 813-282-2360, FAX 81 3-282-2449. WILLIAM TRANTHAM, Biology Dept., Florida Keys Community College, Key West, FL 33040. 305-296-9081 X 228, FAX 305-292-5162. ERNIE ESTEVEZ. Mote Marine Ub. 1600 Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236. 813-388-4441, FAX 81 3-388- 4312. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: BETTY P. PREECE, P.O. Box 033012, Indialantic, FL 32903-0012. 0/H and FAX 407-723-6835. PROGRAM CHAIR: R. DEL DELUMYEA, Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research, Jacksonville University. Jacksonville. FL 32211. 904-744-3950 X 7332, FAX 904-745-7327. EDITOR: DEAN F. MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Dept, of Chemistry, University of South Florida. Tampa, FL 33620-5250. 813-974-2374, FAX 813-974-3203. CO-EDITOR: BARBARA MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Dept, of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250. 813-974-2374, FAX 813-974-3203. BUSINESS MANAGER JOURNAL: RICHARD TURNER, Dept. Biological Sciences. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. 407-768-8000 X 8196, FAX 407-984-8461. LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR (1996 MEETING): RITA KARPIE. Brevard Community College. 3865 N. Wickham Rd.. Melbourne. FL 32935. 407-632-1 1 1 1. X 32560, FAX 407-632-1 1 1 1 . X 33299. LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIR (1997 MEETING): LYMAN O’NEAL. Edison Community College - Punta Gorda, 2511 Vasco St., Punta Gorda, FL 33950. 800-749-2322, FAX 941-575-4525, JUNIOR ACADEMY COORDINATOR: KATHY GOTSHALL, Melbourne Central Catholic High. 100 E. Florida Ave., Melbourne. FL 32901. 407-727-0793, FAX 407-727-1134. 1996 Meeting I Program Issue THE 60th ANNUAL MEETING FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MARCH 29-30 (Fri. & Sat.), 1996 The Next 60 Years of Science in Florida Brevard Community College Melbourne Campus Annual Banquet Address by 1995 Florida Academy Medalist: Dr. James N. Layne, Archbold Biological Station "Exploring the Origins and Lifestyle of Florida's Mammals" Plenary Presentation: Mr. W. M. Braselton, Sr., Harris Corp. "A Space Vision for the Next 100 Years" Florida Scientist ISSN 0098-4590 Program Issue Volume 59 Supplement 1 Published by the Florida Academy of Sciences, Inc. P. O. Box 033012, Indiaiantic, FL 32903 Florida Scientist II Volume 59 PROGRAM SUMMARY FRIDAY AFTERNOON, March 29, 1996 2:00-5:00 p.m. Academy Council Meeting MM-115 4:00 p.m. Tour Florida Solar Energy Center BCC, Cocoa 6:30 p.m. Reception Honoring 1995&1996 Medalists . Eau Gallie Yacht Club* 7:00 p.m. Academy Annual Banquet Eau Gallie Yacht Club 8:00 p.m. 1995 Medalist Lecture Eau Gallie Yacht Club * See map in back of this program or get directions at Council Meeting or Host Hotel SATURDAY, March 30, 1996 - All Events At BCC-Melbourne Campus Time Event 7:00 Registration (to 3:00 p.m.) 7:30 Engineering (ENG) 7:45 Agricultural & Natural Science & Biology A Session (BIO) 8:00 Anthropology Session A (ANT) Science Teaching Session A (TCH) 8:30 Geology and Hydrology (GHY) Physics & Space Sciences Session A (PSS) 9:00 Environmental/Chemical Sciences Session A (EVC) Florida Committee on Rare & Endangered Plants & Animals Session A (REB) Science Teaching Session B (TCH) SYMPOSIUM Environmental/Global Change Urban/Regional Planning (URP) Biology Session B (BIO) Poster Session (POS) Annual Business Meeting/Elections/Reports 60th BIRTHDAY PARTY for FAS and FJAS (box lunch & birthday cake) PLENARY SESSION - Space Vision for Next 100 Years (FAS & FJAS) Florida Junior Academy Judging Begins Anthropology Session B (ANT) & Social Sciences (SOC) Biology Session B (BIO) Environmental/Chemical Sciences Session B (EVC) Florida Committee on Rare & Endangered Plants & Animals Session B (REB) SYMPOSIUM Archie Carr Sea Turtles Social Sciences (SOC) SYMPOSIUM Moral Leadership (Open to public with no registration fee) 2:30 Physics/Space Sciences Session B (PSS) & Computer/Math (CMS) Room in MM Bldg Lobby 222 10:15 10:30-11:30 11:45-12:00 12:00-12:40 12:45-1:20 1:30 2:00 115 218 207 210 108 217 114 109 226 213 Lobby 109 Quadrangle Lecture Aud. Bldg. SM 218 110 217 114 Lecture Aud. 108 5:00 SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1996, QUALITY SUITES HOTEL Post-Conference Poolside Social 1996 Meeting Program Issue TABLE OF CONTENTS 1995-96 Officers Inside Front Cover Title Page i Program Summary ii Table of Contents iii Papers Summary iv Meeting Information Location v Registration v Florida Solar Center Tour and Local Areas of Interest vi Lodging vii Meals and Special Events vii Friday Banquet vii Saturday Birthday Party viii After Meeting Social viii FAS Council Meeting viii Annual Business Meeting viii Junior Academy Meeting viii Student Awards viii Publication ix Special Symposia ix Moral Leadership ix Initiatives in Environmental and Global Change Education ix Archie Carr Sea Turtles x Florida Endowment for the Sciences x Academy Medalists 1963-1995 xi FAS Section Chairs xii Program Anthropological Sciences Session A 1 Session B 3 Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences 6 Biological and Agricultural Sciences Session A 8 Biological Sciences - Freshwater Biology Session B 12 Biological Sciences - Marine Biology Session C 14 Engineering Sciences 17 Environmental and Chemical Sciences Session A 19 Session B 21 Geology and Hydrology 22 Physics and Space Sciences Session A . . 25 Session B 28 Florida Committee on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals Session A 31 Symposium: Archie Carr Sea Turtles Session B 33 Social Sciences - Symposium: Moral Leadership 35 Science Teaching Session A 36 Symposium: Initiatives in Environmental and Global Change Education .... 39 Urban and Regional Planning 40 Poster Session 42 Author Index 43 1997 Meeting 45 Room Map 47 Brevard Community College Campus Maps 48 and Inside Back Cover Brevard County Map Back Cover Florida Scientist Volume 59 iv SUMMARY OF 1996 FAS PAPERS Sect Papers Session Time Room Business Meeting AGR AGR/BIO A 7:45-10:15 110 10:15 Rm 110 ANT 1-8A ANT A 8:00-11:20 218 ANT 9-13B ANT B/SOC 1 2:00-4:15 218 4:15 Rm 218 AOS 1-7 AOS 9:00-10:45 219 10:45 Rm 219 BIO 1-9A BIO/AGR A 7:45-10:15 110 BIO 10-15B BIO B 10:15-11:45 213 BIO 16-25C BIO C 2:00-4:30 110 4:30 Rm 110 CMS 1 PSS B 4:45 Rm 108 ENG 1-7 ENG 7:30-11:30 222 1 1 :30 Rm 222 ENG FIELD TRIP Fri, 4:00-5:00, BCC - Cocoa ENV 1-8A ENV A 9:00-11:30 217 ENV 9-1 2B ENV B 2:00-2:30 217 2:30 Rm 217 GHY 1-7 GHY 8:30-11:10 210 11:10 Rm 210 MED 11:30 Rm 212 PSS 1-11A PSS A 8:30-11:30 108 PSS 12-19B PSS B/CMS 1 2:30-4:45 108 2:00 Rm 108 REB 1-6A REB A 9:00-11:00 114 11:00 Rm 114 REB 7-1 3B REB B-SYMP TURTLES 2:00-4:20 114 SOC 1 ANT B/SOC 1 4:00 Lecture Audi. SOC SOC-SYMP 2:00-4:00 Lecture Aud. MORAL LEADERSHIP (Open to public with no registration fee) TCH 1-1 2A TCH A 8:30-11:45 207 8:00 Rm 207 TCH 13-19B TCH B-SYMP 9:00-10:45 109 ENVIRONMENTAL/GLOBAL CHANGE URP 1-5 URP 9:00-10:15 226 10:15 Rm 226 POSTER 1-2 POS 10:30-11:30 Lobby PLENARY 12:45-1:20 Lecture Aud. 1996 Meeting V Program Issue WELCOME Welcome to the 60th Annua! Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences. As we celebrate our anniversary, we reflect on the last 60 years of Florida science as well as the next 60 years. The year 1936 beckoned the jet engine, the helicopter and Plexiglas. Krebs was discovering the citric acid cycle. Closer to home, plans to build a sea-level Cross Florida Barge Canal were abandoned amid concerns of preserving freshwater sources. In Florida, our science has benefitted from the inter-disciplinary approach the Academy has provided. Much of the best Florida policy is the direct result of scientific findings offered at the Academy's annual meetings and in the Academy's publications. The Spacecoast is indeed a fitting place to consider the next 60 years of science. Please join me in thanking our outstanding host, the Melbourne Campus of Brevard Community College. Lisa Beever, President MEETING INFORMATION The 60th Annual Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences will be held March 29-30, 1996 at Brevard Community College In Melbourne, Florida. This year's meeting is a celebration of science in Florida over the past 60 years and into the next 60 years. The 1995 FAS Medalist, Dr. James N. Layne, will discuss some of the past science in "Exploring the Origins and Lifestyles of Florida Mammals." The Plenary speaker, Mr. W. M. Braselton, Jr., will make predictions about the next 100 years of science and technology in space operations. The Chair of the Local Arrangements Committee is Rita Karpie, 407-632-1 1 1 1 ext. 32560 [FAX 407 632-1111, ext 33299]. Special arrangements (such as handicapped services information) should be discussed with her prior to the meeting. Information about the Florida Academy of Sciences' membership and subscriptions may be obtained from the Executive Secretary, Ms. Betty Preece, P.O. Box 033012, Indialantic FL 32903-0012; phone 407-723-6835. REGISTRATION. Registration in the MM Building lobby will be open from 7 AM to 3 PM Saturday. All registrations postmarked by 31 January qualified for early registration fees. Tickets for the Friday night banquet were available only through such early registration and will not be sold on site. LOCATION. Brevard Community College (BCC) is a comprehensive, public, two- year community college serving Brevard County. The College was authorized by Florida Legislature in 1959, and opened as Brevard Junior College (white) and Carver Junior College (black) in 1 960. The two Colleges merged in 1 963, and now BCC has four permanent campuses serving over 50,000 credit and non-credit students per year, and 200,000 local citizens with classes, culture, or events. Florida Scientist VI Volume 59 BCC is justifiably proud of its Space Technology Program, International Education Program, Campus Compact Service Learning Program, Energy Conservation Program (in conjunction with the Florida Solar Energy Center on the Cocoa Campus), Florida Advanced Technology Analytical Facility (in conjunction with Florida Tech on the Palm Bay Campus), and our world-class BCC Planetarium. We welcome you to our Melbourne Campus, to an informative, enlightening, and stimulating 60th Anniversary Celebration of the Florida Academy of Sciences. TOUR AND LOCAL AREAS OF INTEREST. Join the Engineering Section tour of the Florida Solar Energy Center 4:00 - 5:00 p.m. on Friday. This tour relates to our theme, 'The Next Sixty Years of Science in Florida," an era in which solar energy will be playing an ever-increasing part. A solar-powered car may also be at the Center, courtesy of Solar Car Copr. of Melbourne. The Cocoa campus is some twenty miles from Melbourne at Clearlake Road and Michigan Avenue in Cocoa. Take 1-95 to Exit 76, then eastward on State Road 524 about three miles to its dead end at Clearlake Road. Turn right on Clearlake, and follow to Michigan. Those approaching from the north may wish to stop in Cocoa for the tour first. Detailed information will be available at the registration table at the meeting for such attractions as these located within easy reach from the meeting site: SPACE COAST STADIUM. Melbourne. Spring training stadium for Florida Marlins baseball club. For more information, phone 407-633-9200. MARGARET NAMES NATURE CENTER AT TURKEY CREEK, PALM BAY. Boardwalk through ancient sand dunes; a jogging trail borders a field of wild flowers (113 acres). Open 9 a.m. For more information, phone 407-952-3433. BREVARD ZOO. MELBOURNE. Open from 10 a.m.-5 p.m., admission for adults $4.00, children (2-12 yrs) $2.50. Free parking. For more information phone 407- 254-9453. SUPER FLEA MARKET. MELBOURNE. Everyday bargains on fresh produce, T- shirts, sunglasses, apparel, crafts, etc. Open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Friday, Saturday and Sunday. For more information phone 407-242-9124. ASTRONAUT HALL OF FAME. TITUSVILLE. Share the adventure, hands-on exhibits, mementos of the astronauts. For more information phone 407-269-6100. BREVARD MUSEUM OF ART AND SCIENCE. MELBOURNE. Tuesday through Saturday, 11 a.m. -5 p.m. For more information phone 407-242-0737. THE WARBIRD AIR MUSEUM. TITUSVILLE. Dedicated to the preservation of America's aviation heritage; historic displays from W.W.I, W.W.II, Korea and Viet Nam, extensive displays of vintage military flying gear, uniforms and artwork. Open Monday-Saturday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. For more information phone 407-268- 1941. 1996 Meeting VII Program Issue MEL FISHER'S TREASURE MUSEUM. SEBASTIAN. Educational displays of Spanish artifacts and treasures found off the coast of Southeastern Florida. Open Monday-Saturday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. For more information phone 407-589- 9875. ERNA NIXON PARK. MELBOURNE. Self-guided boardwalk trail weaves through three ecosystems; nature center and picnic facilities are available. For more Information phone 407-952-4525. FLORIDA TECH. BOTANICAL GARDENS. MELBOURNE. Self-guided trail among dozens of rare palms and other tropical plants. MERRITT ISLAND WILDLIFE REFUGE NATIONAL PARK. Trails through salt marshes, oak and palm hammocks; 22 square miles; over 300 species of birds. LODGING. No reservations can be made through the Academy. This year, the Academy has selected one hotel as the center for activities; however, other lodging is available. Accommodations are scheduled with the Quality Suites Beachside, 1665 No. Highway A-1 -A [407-723-4222)]. $96/night (total, no tax). Two room suites; each room has double beds and TV/VCR. * 1 -4 seniors per suite * Up to 6 Juniors per suite * Complimentary deluxe continental breakfast * Full service restaurant * Pool, video room, lounge, gift shop * Beach rentals (including surf boards, fishing gear, cabanas, boogie boards, and umbrellas) HOLIDAY INN BEACHSIDE. 2605 N. Highway A-1 -A, Indlalantic. $89/nlght. 407- 777-4100. RAMADA INN BEACHSIDE. 1035 Highway A-1 -A, Satellite Beach. $60-95/nlght. 407-777-7200. COMFORT INN MELBOURNE. 8298 Wickham Rd., Melbourne. $52/night. 407-255- 0077. MEALS. Meals for special events are described below. On Saturday morning, guests registered at the host Quality Suites Hotel will have full breaWfast buffet. Refreshments will be available at mid-morning and mid-afternoon in the Building MM registration area on the BCC Campus. FRIDAY BANQUET: The Academy banquet will be held at Eau Gallie Yacht Club. A non-alcoholic social hour (with optional cash bar) precedes the banquet on Friday evening. The cost of the banquet is $20 for full-time student members, $25 for others. The Meeting Registration Fee does DQt include the cost of the Academy Banquet. The banquet Includes an entree (indicate on registration form, your choice of vegetarian or meat) plus a tossed salad, mixed vegetables, rolls, coffee, tea and desserts. Banquet tickets by preregistration only; NO TICKETS WILL BE AVAILABLE ON SITE. Florida Scientist VIII Volume 59 The Annual Banquet Address will be given by the 1995 Florida Medalist, Dr. James N. Layne, Archbold Biological Station. Dr. Layne, a former President of the Florida Academy of Sciences, has had a long and distinguished career ranging from his work as a scientist with the Florida's Silver Springs South American Expedition, as a consultant to the World Health Organization (Switzerland and Iran), a member of the Florida Panther Technical Advisory Council, and his current position as a member of the Board of Directors, Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of South Florida. His topic will be: “Exploring the Origins and Lifestyle of Florida's Mammals". At the Banquet, the 1996 Florida Medalist will be announced and will be presented the Academy Medal. SATURDAY LUNCH: The Academy's 60th Birthday Party will be held from 12:00 to 12:40. All REGISTERED attendees will join in the party with a complimentary box lunch and birthday cake. Following the Birthday Party, on Saturday noon, "A Space Vision for the Next 100 Years" will be discussed by Mr. W. M. Braselton, Jr, Vice President of Business Development for Governmental Aerospace Systems Division of Harris Corporation, Melbourne. During his colorful visual presentation, Mr. Braselton will predict how and where science and technology will take us. This presentation will be of great interest to Junior Academy members as well as to all those attending. As Head of Strategic Analysis he has had extensive experience in long term strategic planning. Mr. Braselton is a 35-year space industry veteran, having contributed to most of the nation's major space programs from Mlnuteman through Brilliant Eyes and Apollo through the International Space Station. AFTER-MEETING SOCIAL. A post-meeting social is being planned. Please come share the mood of the celebration with friends and colleagues In an after-hours atmosphere pool-side at the host hotel beginning about 5:00 p.m. FAS COUNCIL MEETING: The Council of the Florida Academy of Sciences will meet on Friday, March 29, from 2:00-5:00 p.m. in Room 1 15 on the BCC campus. FAS ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING: Officers and Section Chairs will make brief reports, 1996-97 officers will be elected, and plans for the 1997 Annual Meeting will be discussed. The Annual Business Meeting of the Academy will be held on Saturday, 11:45-12:00 noon In room MM-109 on the BCC campus. FLORIDA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MEETING: The Florida Academy of Sciences will meet with the Junior Academy this year. The FJAS will need volunteers to assist In judging at Its meeting, to be held concurrently with the Senior Academy. Persons interested In participating should contact the FJAS Coordinator: Mrs. Kathy Gotshall, Melbourne Central Catholic High, 100 E. Florida Ave., Melbourne, FL 32901. Telephone number: 407-727-0793 or 407-724-6624. SPEAKER PREP ROOM: Two rooms have been designated "Speaker Prep Rooms": MM-111, which is a lounge area and MM-212, which has a classroom 1996 Meeting IX Program Issue arrangement. Each room will be equipped with an overhead projector and a slide projector. Limited supplies of blank transparencies and pens for use with projectors will be provided in these rooms. Speakers who need other audio visual equipment must advise the appropriate section chair. STUDENT AWARDS: Students presenting papers at the Annual Meeting of the Academy may be considered for a number of awards including: OUTSTANDING STUDENT PAPER AWARDS: Presented by each of the Academy's sections to graduate and/or undergraduate students for outstanding presentations. Special awards may be presented at the discretion of each section. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AWARDS: Presented to one male and one female undergraduate student, including one-year honorary membership in AAAS with subscription to the journal, "SCIENCE." THE EXPLORERS CLUB AWARD: Presented by the Central Florida Chapter of the Explorers Club to the student whose presentation best exemplifies the Club's goals of scientific exploration. Includes a cash prize of $300 awarded at the May meeting of the chapter (Orlando), where the student will present his/her report to the membership. WILLIAM W. BEHRENS. JR./FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AWARD: Cash award of $750 presented by FIO for the outstanding student presentation in marine science/oceanography. A written manuscript is required and must be submitted by February 28. 1996. to: Dr. Sandra Vargo, Florida Institute of Oceanography, Bayboro Harbor, 830 First Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. SIGMA XI AWARDS: The University of Florida Chapter of Sigma Xi presents a $50.00 award for the best student paper given by a graduate student. Florida Institute of Technology Sigma Xi Club presents a $50.00 award to recognize the outstanding paper given by an FIT student. PUBLICATION: Ail accepted abstracts will be published in the Program Issue of Florida Scientist (Volume 59, Supplement 1). Authors are encouraged to submit their papers for publication in the Academy's Journal, the Florida Scientist. Contact the Editors listed under FAS Officers for information on preparing papers. SPECIAL SYMPOSIA MORAL LEADERSHIP: FLORIDA'S ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT. Saturday, 2:00 p.m., Lecture Auditorium What is the history of the environmental movement in Florida? What criteria do we use to identify the moral leaders of Florida's environmental movement? Join the Florida Humanities Council as we explore the thorny issues of moral leadership in the environmental movement. A slide show recapping the history of the environmental movement in Florida will be followed by participants engaging in an exploration of some of the characteristics. Florida Scientist X Volume 59 challenges and contradictions of moral leadership. Attendance at this symposium is free and open to all persons. Registration for the Annual Meeting is not required if this is the only event to which a person is coming. INITIATIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND GLOBAL CHANGE EDUCATION. Saturday, 9:00 a.m., Room MM-109. Numerous innovative programs that have been or are currently being developed by Florida educators will be presented. These Include the GLOBE Project, the EXPLORES! Project, the Earth Systems Science Education Project, the efforts of the Florida Solar Energy Center to provide education concerning global energy issues, the NSF-funded grant entitled "Planning Florida's Global Change Education Initiative," the DEP's Environmental Citizenship program and a project concerning computer simulations of biosphere models. Materials of interest to K-12 and university Instructors of environmental science will be provided. SEA TURTLE SYMPOSIUM. Saturday, 2:00 p.m. Room: MM-114. Special Symposium on Sea Turtles in honor of the Florida Academy of Sciences' first Medalist, Dr. Archie Carr. The beaches of Brevard County are a significant nesting habitat of three species of marine turtles: the threatened loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and the endangered green (Chelonia mydas) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) turtles. The work of Dr. Archie Carr and his students has been instrumental in establishing the Archie Carr Wildlife Refuge, dedicated to research on these reptilico, and it seems uniquely fitting to honor the first FAS Medalist with a sea turtle symposium here, at the 60th Anniversary of the Florida Academy of Sciences. FLORIDA ENDOWMENT FOR THE SCIENCES The Florida Endowment for the Sciences was established by the Florida Academy of Sciences In 1986 to receive exceptional gifts and hold and invest such funds for the long- term support of the purposes of the Academy. At present, all funds received in payment of dues by Patron and Life Members are placed in the Endowment, which is administered by three Trustees nominated by the Executive Committee and appointed by the Council. Contributions to the Florida Endowment for the Sciences are a meaningful way to express your support for leadership in scientific research and education in and for Florida, please consider a donation to the Florida Endowment for the Sciences when you renew your Academy membership or evaluate your annual tax status. Within limits of federal and state law, all donations to the Endowment are tax-exempt. 60th ANNIVERSARY FUND The FAS 60th Anniversary Fund has been set up to commemorate the Academy's 60th Anniversary in 1996. The fund will be used to endow research grants for the young secondary school members of our Florida Junior Academy of Sciences. The suggested contribution is $1 per year or $60, but any amount will be welcome. Contributions will be recognized during the 60th Anniversary Celebration. 1996 Meeting XI Program Issue Florida Academy of Sciences Medaiists 1963 Dr. Archie Carr University of Florida Biology 1964 Dr. Werner A. Baum University of Miami Meteorology 1965 Dr. Alex G. Smith University of Florida Astronomy 1966 Dr. Karl Dittmer Florida State University Chemistry 1967 Dr. Alfred H. Lawton Univ. South Florida Medicine 1968 Dr. Sidney Fox University of Miami Biochemistry 1969 Dr. F. G. Walton Smith University of Miami Marine Science 1970 Dr. Pierce Brodkorb University of Florida Zoology 1971 Dr. Maurice A. Barton Mound Park Foundation Medicine-teaching 1972 Dr. Lloyd M. Biedler Florida State University Physiology- biophysics 1973 Dr. Ruth S. Breen Florida State University Botany 1974 Dr. E. T. York, Jr. University of Florida Agriculture 1975 Dr. Alex E. S. Green University of Florida Physics 1976 Dr. Robert N. Ginsburg University of Miami Geology 1977 Dr. Michael Kasha Florida State University Molecular Biophysics 1978 Dr. John Edward Davies University of Miami Public Health 1979 Dr. Stanley S. Ballard University of Florida Optics 1980 Dr. Thomas D. Carr University of Florida Astronomy 1981 Dr. Harold J. Humm Univ. South Florida Marine Biology 1982 Dr. George B. Butler University of Florida Chemistry 1983 Dr. Karen Steidinger Dept. Natural Resources Biology 1984 Dr. Yngve Ohrne University of Florida Chemistry 1985 Dr. William Sears University of Florida Anthropology 1986 Dr. E. Dwight Adams University of Florida Physics 1987 Dr. Larry Hench University of Florida Engineering 1988 Dr. Gene C. Ness Univ. South Florida Biochemistry 1989 Dr. Frank Brashaw Wood University of Florida Astronomy 1990 Dr. Martin Uman University of Florida Physics 1991 Dr. Frank Millero University of Miami Oceanography 1992 Dr. Gregory Choppin Florida State University Chemistry 1993 Dr. D. 0. Shah University of Florida Engineering 1994 Dr. Dean F. Martin Univ. South Florida Chemistry Mrs. Barbara B. Martin Univ. South Florida Chemistry 1995 Dr. James Layne Archbold Biological Sta. Rare and Endangered Biota Florida Scientist XII Volume 59 SECTION CHAIRS 1995-1996 FLORIDA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES: David Wright, University of Florida, North Florida REC - Quincy, Rt. 3 Box 4370, Quincy, FL 32351-9529. 904-875-7100, FAX 904-875-7148. ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES: Robert Austin, Janus Research, P.O. Box 91 9, St. Petersburg, FL 33731. 813-821-7600, FAX 813-822-2368. ATMOSPHERIC & OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES: Gary Zarillo, Dept. Oceanography & Ocean Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. 407-768-8000 X 7378, FAX 407-984-8461. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: J. Douglas Oliver, Department of Environmental Protection, 2051 East Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310. 904-488-8217, FAX 904- 488-1254. COMPUTER SCIENCES/MATH: Daryl Schrader, Math Dept., SP/G, St. Petersburg Jr. College, P.O. Box 13489, St. Petersburg, FL 33733. 813-341-4605. ENGINEERING SCIENCES: Al Hall, City of Tallahassee, 4335 Sherbourne Rd., Tallahassee, FL 32303. 904-891-5038, FAX 904-891-5162. ENVIRONMENTAL & CHEMICAL SCIENCES: Robert Braman, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, Tampa, FL 33620-5250. 813-974-2365, FAX 813-974-3203. FLORIDA COMMITTEE ON RARE & ENDANGERED PLANTS & ANIMALS: James W. Beever, Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission, 29200 Tuckers Grade, Punta Gorda, FL 33955. 941-639-3515, FAX 941-639-3420. GEOLOGY/HYDROLOGY: Tom Missimer, Missimer International, Inc., 8140 College Pkwy., #202, Ft. Myers, FL 33901. 941-432-9494, FAX 941-432-9453. MEDICAL SCIENCES: David Washington, Dept, of Molecular Biology and. Microbiology, School of Health and Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-0368. 407-823-2921, FAX 407-823-8095. PHYSICS & SPACE SCIENCES: Joan Schwebel, Maynard Evans High School, 4949 Silver Star Rd., Orlando, FL 32808. 407-293-4900 X 636, FAX 407-293-4800 X701. SCIENCE TEACHING: Janice Ems-Wilson, Valencia Community College, P.O. Box 3208, Orlando, FL 32808. 407-299-5000. (Acting Chair): Karen Wetz, Manatee Community College, 8000 S. Tamiami Trail, Venice, FL 34293. 941-493-3504 X 2628, FAX 941-497-7698. SOCIAL SCIENCES: (Acting) R. Del Delumyea, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd. North, Jacksonville, FL 32211. 904-744-3950 X 7332. URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING: Richard March, S. Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 24680, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33416. 407- 687-6778, FAX 407-687-6442. PROGRAM CHAIR: R. Del Delumyea, Ph.D., Director, Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Blvd. North, Jacksonville, FL 32211. 904-744-3950 X 7332. 1996 Meeting 1 Program Issue ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES Saturday, 8:00 am - 11:20 am, Room MM-218 SESSION A - GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGY I Robert J. Austin, Janus Research, Presiding 8:00 am, ANT-1A The Durnford Collection: What More Can We Learn From Key Marco? ANNETTE L SNAPP, Lee County Planning, P.O. Box 398, Fort Myers, FL 33902-0398. Analysis of the Durnford Collection stored at the British Museum's Museum of Mankind offers further insights into early Florida archaeology, the state of archaeological resources, the unusual preservation circumstances of Key Marco and the prevalence of such sites in Florida. As development moves forward at mach speed, the awareness of Florida's wet sites and their extreme value must be recognized, understood, and efforts made for their preservation. One hundred years ago, under vastly different circumstances, Lt. Col. C.D. Durnford collected artifacts from Key Marco, recognized the site's importance, triggered Cushing's excavations, and donated the artifacts to a museum for future researchers. Looking back at the past provides us with lessons for the future. 8:20 am, ANT-2A The Importance of Aquatic Resources at a Late Prehistoric Upland Midden on the Lake Wales Ridge in Highlands County, Florida. SCOTT MITCHELL, Janus Research, Inc., P.O. Box 919, St. Petersburg, FL 33731. The importance of wetland species at a prehistoric upland midden site (8HG678) is examined. The results of faunal analysis from the site are compared to similar data from comparable sites in riverine and lacustrine settings in the same region of the Florida peninsula. Based on these comparisons, the relationship between wetland resources and the development of sedentism and complex societies during the late prehistoric period is discussed. 8:40 am, ANT-3A Archaeological Typologies, Science, and Humanism: Attempts at Resolution in the Ethnoarchaeology of the Ethiopian Hide Workers. KATHRYN WEEDMAN, University of Florida, Department of Anthropology, 1350 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611. This paper will present ethnographic information collected among the southern Ethiopian hide workers during the summer of 1995 concerning their understandings of the similarities and differences in stone tools which they make and use. Understanding what causes the differences and similarities in stone tools is important because it affects how we interpret the behavior of past people. New archaeologists tend to create typologies based on the function of a tool and claim that only they pursue a scientific archaeology. In contrast, archaeologists who wish to pursue an ideological- structural paradigm in reconstructing the past are denied a scientific methodology and are said to be engaged in guessing. I argue as does Wylie (1982) that Florida Scientist 2 Volume 59 structural models are not speculative because they are constrained by the material record left by the past and because we base plausible explanations on informed analysis of how they could have been generated. This study of the Ethiopian hide workers clearly demonstrates that to isolate function from ideology in our creations of typologies is an ineffective means for understanding stone tool diversity and the past. 9:00 am, ANT-4A Potters As Outcasts In Southern Ethiopia: An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective. JOHN W. ARTHUR, University of Florida, Department of Anthropology, 1350 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611. Potters in southern Ethiopia produce ceramic vessels that are used to every day in rural areas. Yet potters and other crafts people in Ethiopia are socially despised and are considered a separate caste group from farmers. Oral history provides interesting evidence for the emergence of potters as craft specialists. Ethnographic observations can also provide us with a baseline for understanding ceramic production as a specialized craft in the past. This paper will review previous models concerning the development craft specialization and present a new model based on recent ethnographic studies of the Konso and Sidama peoples. Saturday, 9:20 am QUESTIONS 9:40 am, BREAK 10:00 am, ANT-5A Iterative Discourse and the Formation of New Subcultures. STEVE MIZRACH, University of Florida, 714 SW 16th Ave. Apt. 212, Gainesville, FL 32601. Based on recent research by the author, this paper examines the discourse of recent subcultures, namely the computer underground (hackers), techno/ravers, and modern primitives, and looks at the role that lexical and other linguistic innovation plays in maintaining a sense of subcultural identity and unity. Such subcultures are shown to be constant creators of linguistic change and conflict. Through content analysis of subcultural texts and ethnographic interviews with members of these subcultures, the author was able to identify certain distinct features in each community which were utilized to signify opposition to "mainstream" culture and its norms of language use. Viewed from this standpoint, language can be seen as an evolving, iterative system, with various peripheral groups exploring possibilities of its evolution and transition. These subcultures help to illuminate the ongoing process of linguistic differentiation. 10:20 am, ANT-6A Community Perceptions Orbiting the Space Coast Tourism Industry. STEVEN BUTTS, University of South Florida, Dept, of Anthropology, Tampa, FL 33625. This paper will examine differing viewpoints of the tourism industry's impact on Brevard County, Florida. An analysis of shared and conflicting attitudes between tourism leaders, service sector business owners, and 1996 Meeting 3 Program Issue the community will be related to the perceived costs and benefits of tourism. Explanations will then be offered as to why varying perspectives have transpired, followed by a discussion of how communication between groups might be enhanced. 10:40 am, ANT-7A We are Dega: Ethnicity and Change in a Southeast Asia Refugee Community. DAVID L. DRISCOLL, Dept, of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33625. This paper follows the movement of a Vietnamese highlander population from their home in the mountains of Southeast Asia which began immediately following the fall of Saigon in 1975 and ending in Greensboro, North Carolina, between eleven and sixteen years later. Following more than a year of participant observation in the community a series of semi- structured interviews were carried out to survey ethnic identity among a sample population of highlander refugees, and to explore a division within the community based in part on differing concepts of self-identification among the highlander leadership. Contemporary ethnic identity in the community is found to be the product of a dialectic between traditional highlander methods of social organization and the demands placed upon the group by the modern environment. 1 1 :00 am, ANT-8A My Mother Them Nyus to Plant Reis: Linguistic Analysis of a Contemporary Gullah Text. J. SENGOVA, Child and Family Studies, FMHI, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612. Gullah, an American Creole language with African language substrate, is examined from the perspective of grammatical and lexical similarities with Sierra Leone Krio and other African languages. Krio and Gullah are considered closest in linguistic similarity among all Anglophone Atlantic Creoles. A rice cultivation text collected in South Carolina during the early nineties is carefully examined for features of Creole syntax, phonology and word formation based upon verbatim linguistic transcription of the informant's recorded speech. Data is also analyzed based upon some features of Black English as well as the informant's knowledge of rice farming artifacts used in subsistence rice production in South Carolina and Georgia long ago. These are still found in West Africa's former "Grain/Rice" coast where hundreds of thousands of slaves were imported to South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteen and nineteen hundreds to grow rice. It is still the staple on both sides of the Atlantic and forms the main link between the West Africans and the Gullah people. Saturday, 2:00 pm - 4:15 pm. Room MM-218 SESSION B - APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY Leslie Sue Lieberman, University of South Fiorida, Presiding 2:00 pm, ANT-9B Environmental Awareness and Risk Perception; An Anthropological Perspective on Environmental Discrimination. JOHN V. STONE, Research Associate, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan; Doctoral Candidate, Applied Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Florida Scientist 4 Volume 59 Tampa, FL 33620. Risk Perception Mapping (RPM) is an ethnographic method for identifying the geocultural characteristics of populations potentially affected by controversial facilities. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable spatial analyses and three-dimensional mapping of RPM data. This paper presents findings from an RPM study of the Fermi II nuclear facility in Michigan. Findings reveal awareness of the facility is lowest among minority communities within the potentially affected population. These "risk perception voids" connote differential social access to public participation, and they illustrate the spatial implications of environmental discrimination. Anthropological perspectives on these issues are discussed in the context of environmental risk management. 2:20 pm, ANT-10B Medicaid Managed Care and the Impact on the Prenatal and Infant Health Delivery System. C.M. PEREDO, University of South Florida, Department of Anthropology, SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33602. Changes in the way health care is provided and paid for are reshaping the maternal and child health delivery system. Florida has adopted managed care as a strategy to reduce the escalating costs of health care, increase access to health care and decrease inappropriate utilization of services. The public health sector in particular is undergoing significant changes as Medicaid recipients, previously limited to care offered by public providers, are being transferred to private health maintenance organizations (HMOs). This presentation will examine Medicaid beneficiaries' experience with Medicaid HMOs in Hillsborough County and their perception of the prenatal and pediatric services they received. Results indicate that while satisfaction levels of pregnant Medicaid HMO recipients are generally high, they may not be getting all the support services which have been demonstrated to have an impact on birth and health outcomes, especially among high-risk populations. These results emphasize the importance of community collaboration to ensure universal access to comprehensive prenatal care services. 2:40 pm, ANT-11 B The Role of Ethnography in Initiating Voluntary Participation in Community Development Projects: A Case Study of Grass Roots Water Development in Rural Jamaica. CHRISTCPHER A. HAGELIN, Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, SCC 107, Tampa, FL 33620. Voluntary community participation is a key component of sustainable development. Ethnographic knowledge can be used to initiate participation, by using culturally appropriate ideas as the foundation for a community development organization. Specifically for the rural Jamaican community, it is the use of Marcus Garvey's ideas of self-improvement, and fundamental Rastafarian themes of communitarianism and reciprocity to confront a pervasive sense of powerlessness. Since the government has inadequately responded to the needs of a rural population which suffers from chronic water shortages due to a lack of pipe water, it is up to the community to organize their own water development projects based on voluntary participation and cultural ideas of empowerment. 1996 Meeting 5 Program Issue 3:00 pm, ANT-1 2B The Transcultural Study of the Association Between Depression, Gender, Chronic Illness and Health Culture among the Elderly in Three Communities. ROSEMARIE SANTORA LAMM, A.R.N.P., M.A., M.S., PH.D. (C), Department of Applied Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620. There is evidence of an association between depression, gender, chronic illnesses and culture in older persons. There is further need to understand the relationships between ethnicity, gender and health status. In order to better understand the association of variables, three populations of persons over fifty-five years of age from Polk County, Florida, San lldenfonso. New Mexico, and Lincolnshire, England, were selected to study. The variables of age, presence of chronic illnesses, gender, and culture were evaluated. When the variable of gender was measured separately, chronically ill women were significantly less depressed than men. Significant differences in depression rates in these populations were reported. 3:20 pm, SOC-1 Educational Background and Job Performance. M. RAICH, 241 NE 28th St., #B207, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33334. Studies relating work performance to measures of educational background, such as GPA and level of education have shown mixed results. The present paper seeks to identify factors which might explain differences between studies. 3:40 pm, ANT-13B Evolutionary Medicine: Co-sleeping and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. LS. LIEBERMAN, Departments of Anthropology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Over the last 5 years a new approach called evolutionary or Darwinian medicine has been applied to the interpretation of contemporary medical problems, disease morbidity, and mortality. These areas have included diet, breast feeding, reproduction, the coevolution of humans and pathogens, and the infant sleep environment. The best case has been made by James McKenna concerning the multiple physiological effects of the co-sleeping environment vs. infants sleeping alone and the reduced risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (S.I.D.S.). The multiple stimuli in the co-sleeping environment regulate infant sleep stages, heart rate, and respiratory rate leading to multiple arousals per night and the reduced risk of crib death. Saturday, 4:00 pm QUESTIONS Saturday, 4:15 pm, Room MM-218 SECTION MEETING: ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES Robert J. Austin, Janus Research, Presiding Florida Scientist 6 Volume 59 ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES Saturday, 9:00 am - 10:45 am, Room MM-219 Gary Zarillo, Department of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, Fiorida institute of Technoiogy, Presiding 9:00 am, AOS-1 A Timeline of Air Composition of Jacksonville, Florida. JENNIFER L COBB AND R. DEL DELUMYEA, Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. Since the spring of 1989, the Millar Wilson Lab has maintained an air monitoring station on the St. Johns River, taking particulate samples by filtration. Later, wet, dry and total fallout samplers were also established. All samples were analyzed for total particulate concentrations and filtration samples were also examined for elemental carbon concentrations. This analysis provides continuous profile of the air particulate history in the Arlington area of Jacksonville, Florida. 9:15 am, AOS-2 The Effects of Duration and Intensity of Thermal Stress on Cnidarians. K.A. HANISAK, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789. Recently, serious cnidarian, or coral, "bleaching" has occurred In Florida and the Caribbean. Bleaching occurs when corals expel their symbolic zooxanthellae algae, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, due to an unknown stress. In culture, optimal algal growth occurs at 28 C, but sharply decreases above 32 C. The effects of duration and intensity of elevated temperature stress on coral metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration), zooxanthellae populations, and chlorophyll content were tested in laboratory experiments. The major effect of elevated temperatures is enhanced coral respiration. The algal populations, though reduced by elevated temperatures, produce more photosynthetic pigments per cell. If stress is relatively short, the remaining algae can repopulate the coral. However, if the corals are exposed to elevated temperatures for longer periods of time, then high rates of respiration can lead to coral mortality. Prolonged elevated temperatures would have serious ecological consequences in natural populations. 9:30 am, AOS-3 Ecology and Virulence of Halophilic Vibrios in Florida. E.K. LIPP (1) AND R. HAMMOND (2), (1) Dept, of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, (2) Dept, of Health and Rehabilitative Services, HSEE, 1317 Winewood Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32399. Non- cholera, halophilic vibrios are implicated in 95% of all shellfish related deaths. In Florida Vibrio vulnificus is especially prevalent. Vibrio levels in the environment and infections are highest in the warm summer months. Individuals with a history of liver disease show the greatest risk for death due to septicemia from V. vulnificus. Most infections are associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked oysters. Although in Florida 1994, oyster landings were half the levels of 1981, the 1996 Meeting 7 Program Issue number of vibrio infections has tripled and deaths have nearly doubled. Since halophilic vibrios are not associated with sewage, current shellfish monitoring practices are ineffective in determining the presence of these bacteria. Additionally, depuration is inadequate to remove vibrio from shellfish. At this time, education for high risk groups and restriction of harvesting season may be the best means to protect public health. 9:45 am, AOS-4 Growth and Reproduction in scyphistomae of Unuche unguiculata. E.K. LIPP, Dept, of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701. Outbreaks of the planula larvae of Unuche unguiculata along the coast of southeast Florida are implicated in the contact dermatitis seabather's eruption. L unguiculata is a coronate scyphozoan which undergoes two stages in its life history. The benthic asexual scyphistomae buds the free-swimming medusae. Medusae reproduce sexually, resulting in planula larvae. Changes in growth and reproduction in the scyphistomae may play a significant role in the development of planulae outbreaks. Lab-reared scyphistomae showed a significant change in growth and colonization with temperature. Additionally, polyps were observed to strobilate more than once over a several month period. Both of these observations were previously unknown. Algal symbionts may also influence the growth and reproduction of the scyphistomae. Current experiments are examining the role of dissolved inorganic nitrogen on symbiont and how it may ultimately affect the host. 10:00 am, AOS-5 Salt Marsh Responses to Rotary Ditching: Evaluation of Biological Effects. M.R. EILERS AND W.G. NELSCN, Div. of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. Macrofaunal abundance and number of species were compared between Lost Creek (Volusia Co., FL) and a nearby control site (Ten Mile Creek) after tidal reconnection to Lost Creek was made via rotary ditching. Before-After, Control-Impact (BACI) analyses compared post-ditching data to pre- ditching baseline data collected from the same tidal creek locations. The mean difference in total macrofaunal abundance between creeks decreased significantly after re-establishment of tidal flushing due to decreases in macrofauna present at Lost Creek. The mean percent macrofaunal similarity increased significantly following reconnection, resulting from an increase in mutually occurring fish and crustacean species at the two sites. 10:15 am, AOS-6 Benthic Monitoring in Tampa Bay, Florida. DAVID J. KARLEN AND STEPHEN A. GRABE, Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County, 1410 N. 21st Street, Tampa, FL 33605. In 1993 the Tampa Bay National Estuary Program initiated a benthic monitoring program for all of Tampa Bay. The program is presently being implemented by the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County, in conjunction with the Manatee County Environmental Action Committee and the Pinellas County Department of Florida Scientist 8 Volume 59 Environmental Management. The sampling design is modelled after the EPA's EMAP program in which sample locations are random within a hexagonal grid network and collections are annual (September/October). Samples are collected for benthic infauna and sediment quality variables. The program's sampling design will be discussed and preliminary results for 1993 and 1994 presented. An overview of benthic research in Tampa Bay will also be discussed. 10:30 am, AOS-7 Impacts of Vehicle Driving on the Beaches of Volusia County, Florida. R.P. HAVILAND, MiniLab Instruments, P.O. Box 21086, Daytona Beach, FL 32121. Beach-dune system impacts considered Include sand packing, wetting effects, rut formation, slope effects, dune damage, crushing of life forms, Introduction of poisonous substances, and aerodynamic effects. Observations on each of these are included, together with comments about the relative importance as compared to other damaging effects. 10:45 am, Room MM-219 SECTION MEETING: ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SCIENCES Gary Zarillo, Florida Institute of Technology, Presiding BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Saturday, 7:45 am - 10:15 am, Room MM-110 SESSION A - BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES David L Wright, University of Florida, Presiding 7:45 am, BIO-1A Growth, Reproduction and Carbohydrate Analysis of Tropical Soda Apple in South Florida Farming Systems. RAIS U. AKANDA AND J.J. MULLAHEY, SWFREC, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) was described phenotypically in two ecosystems, bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pasture and oak (Quercus spp). hammocks. A random sample of 100 plants were collected in July, 1995 from each site. Roots and stems were sampled for carbohydrate analysis. Pasture plant height (1.7 m), stem diameter (9 mm), canopy width (1.6 m), dry weight (29 g), number of main branches (20), fruit (44) and seed (3979) per plant were greater than hammock plants (1.3 m, 7.8 mm, 1m, 16 g, 6, 6, and 1951, respectively). However, hammock plants had better root growth, length (1.5 m) and root dry weight (16.5 g) than pasture plants (0.8 m and 10 g, respectively). Hammock plants produced more roots, but pasture plants produce more seed, so the potential to infest new areas was greater. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNG) in stems of pasture plants was higher than hammock plants (17.2 vs 9.3 mg g*^ 1996 Meeting 9 Program Issue dry matter). Root TNG was 26.4 and 7.4 mg g’ in hammock and pasture plants, respectively. Overall, hammock plants were less vigorous compared to pasture plants which helps explain why less herbicide is needed to control TSA plants in hammock habitat, 8:00 am, BIO-2A Pollen Grain Size of Pinus x pindensa a (Nov. Hybr.) is Statistically Intermediate Between Its Parent Species. R.F. MENTE, 939 45th St. No., St. Petersburg, FL 33713. The pollen grain size of Pinus x pindensa a (Nov. Hybr.) a hybrid of Pinus densa (L&D.) DeLaub.&Silba and Pinus pinellasensis Beckner ex. Mente, measured with a 400X light microscope, showed a statistically intermediate pollen grain size between the parental stock. The data of the pollen measurements (N=50) showed a double peaked distribution curve whose data statistically matched the measurements of the pollen width of each parent species. If this data can be duplicated with other two-species Pinus hybrids. It may be that hybrids yield two pollen grain sizes whose statistics may be used to identify the parent species of two-species Pinus hybrids; three-species and four-species Pinus hybrids may show similar distributions. The P.x pindensa a mean pollen grain measurements are as follows: width of whole pollen grain; 75.45//m, width of corpus (body): 52.1/^m and width of sac: 38.85//m. 8:15 am, BIO-3A Another New Variety of Pine From Pinellas Co., Florida: Pinus serotina v. boydhillensis (Nov. Var.). R.F. MENTE, 939 45th St. No., St. Petersburg, FL 33713. Seven years of scientific records, measurements and observations have led this writer to conclude that Pinus serotina v. boydhillensis (Nov. Var.) is a variety of Micheaux' Pinus serotina and not a hybrid. The seed cones arise only from the trunk of the tree, not the tops of the twigs, needles/fascicles (N/F) arising in 2's and 3's and the tree form are all characteristic of P. serotina Michx.. However, the needles of this variety are stiff, not flexible; dark green, not pale green and the N/F never occur In 4's as sometimes occur in P. serotina Michx.. Pinus serotina v. boydhillensis (Nov. Var.) N/R: 50.4% in 2's and 49.6% in 3's (N = 1579); 37.7-12.5 cm. long needles; 2.2-1.0 cm. long needle sheaths and needles always very stiff. Pinus serotina Michx. N/F: 44.7% in 2's, 55.0% in 3's and 0.3% in 4's (N = 1390); 33.1-15.2 cm. long needles; 2. 1-0.9 cm. long needle sheaths and needles always flexible. Type locale: Boyd Hill Nature Preserve, St. Petersburg, FL. Differs in obscuras virens, rigidus acus in 2's et 3's, nunquam 4's. 8:30 am, BIO-4A Quality Protected and Labor Efficient Harvest of Several Fruits. GABOR KOLLAR (1) AND GALEN BROWN (2), (1) University of Horticulture and Food Industry, Farm Management Dept., Budapest, Hungary H-1114, (2) Florida Dept, of Citrus, 700 Expt. Sta. Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850. Investigations were conducted into ways for protecting both fruit and tree quality, and increasing the productivity of labor, during hand harvesting operations. The major factors acting on quality and labor productivity were Identified. Statistical evaluation of Florida Scientist 10 Volume 59 survey data for the total harvest, and analysis of photos taken frequently during harvest, indicated that labor productivity is mainly determined by the characteristics of the orchard and next by the type of fruit. Compared to conventional harvesting, labor productivity could be increased by 40 to 80 percent without a decrease In fruit or tree quality when certain orchard characteristics and fruit types were combined. 8:45 am, BIO-5A Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) Interference with Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill,). J.P. MO RALES- PAYAN, B.M. SANTOS AND T.A. BEWICK, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611. Tomato is the most important vegetable crop in the state of Florida, producing about 400 million dollars. A key component of tomato production is weed management. Nutsedge is a troublesome weed in tomato, because of the lack of effective means for nutsedge control. Tomato-nutsedge interactions have not started being studied in detail until recently. In Florida, greenhouse and field experiments have demonstrated that tomato is a better competitor than nutsedge, but nutsedge is capable of significantly reducing tomato plant dry matter and fruit yield. The effects of nutsedge population density and nitrogen fertilization are discussed. 9:00 am, BIO-6A Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus xotundus L) Interference with Pepper (Capsicum annuum L). B.M. SANTOS, J.P. MORALES-PAYAN AND T.A. BEWICK, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 1 1 0690, Gainesville, FL 3261 1 . Purple nutsedge is considered to be the worst weed in the world. It is a troublesome weed in vegetable crops in Florida, including pepper. Lack of appropriate methods of control during pepper culture have created the need for detailed studies on the interference relationships between pepper and nutsedge. Greenhouse and field studies at Gainesville, Florida, showed that purple nutsedge caused significant dry matter and yield reductions in bell pepper. Also, increasing nitrogen fertilization levels improved nutsedge competitive ability. 9:15 am, BIO-7A Effects of Soy Protein on Plasma Cholesterol Level and Cholesterol Synthesis in Hypercholesterolemic and Normocholesterolemic Men. ANA GUTIERREZ (1) AND WILLIAM WONG (2), (1) Barry University, Miami Shores, FL33161, (2) Children's Nutritional Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. To determine the effects of soy protein on plasma cholesterol levels and cholesterol synthesis, 13 normocholesterolemic and 13 hypercholesterolemic healthy men were randomly given either a soy-protein or animal-protein. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) step 1 diet, for 5 weeks. After returning to their usual diet for 10 to 15 weeks, these men were fed the alternative diet for the next 5 weeks. Plasma cholesterol levels were measured at the beginning and at weekly intervals during the dietary treatment. Results showed that soy protein significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol ("Bad Cholesterol") and increased cholesterol synthesis. Our data indicated that soy protein enhances 1996 Meeting 11 Program Issue the hypocholesterolemic effect of the NCEP step 1 diet and stimulates cholesterol synthesis which implies enhanced cholesterol clearance. (Supported by NIH- NIGMS MBPS Grant, GM 45455, Barry University). 9:30 am, BREAK 9:45 am, BIO-8A Immuno-Characterization of Neonatal and Fetal Myoblasts Culture. IVAN GONZALEZ (1), DR. RICHARD BARTLETT (2), AND SUE SECORE (2), (1) Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, (2) University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136. Culturing of primary human myoblasts Is a difficult technical process. Generally, mixed cultures of muscle precursor cells, fibroblasts and other cells are seen. To assess the purity of myoblast cultures, samples were placed in culture using standard procedures. When total confluency was attained, the cells were fixed and stained using monoclonal primary antibodies developed in mice and rabbit, and secondary antibodies developed in goat. The results suggest that many of the primary cell lines were impure, apparently containing significant percentages of fibroblasts. Some secondary antibodies provided better signals than others. Positive results from the anti-skeletal myosin stain demonstrated the presence of myotubes. A high concentration of fibroblasts was detected using anti-fibroblast specific surface protein. However, these results are misleading due in part to multinucleated tubular shaped fibers (myotubes) stained by the anti-fibroblast antibody. A more thorough characterization is needed. The immuno-staining techniques developed were applied to frozen tissue sections obtained from skeletal muscle of animals which received injections of naked DNA plasmid constructs. Human dystrophin cDNA was contained in one of the constructs and human proinsulin in another. The preliminary results strongly suggested the presence of dystrophin in the muscle of a dystropic mouse and insulin the mouse model. However, non-specific secondary staining occurred with connective tissues present. Further staining is needed to investigate the extent of non-specificity of the secondary antibody. (Supported by University of Miami). 10:00 am, BIO-9A Are Wing-loading and Minimum Flight Temperature Correlated in Cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae and Tibicinidae)? A.F. SANBORN, S.V. APANG, F. FIERRO, AND E.A. ALLICK, School of Natural and Health Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161. Previous cicada studies have demonstrated some relationships between habitat and the minimum body temperature necessary to produce a controlled flight. However, many species do not follow these simple relationships. An animal must produce sufficient lift in order to remain airborne. Theoretically animals with lower wing-loading (greater wing area for a given body mass) should require a lower frequency of flight muscle contraction in order to produce the necessary lift to generate flight. This means minimum flight temperature should Increase proportionally with wing-loading since muscle contraction kinetics are temperature dependent. With this study we analyze both intraspecific and interspecific relationships of wing-loading and the ability of the cicadas to fly. Supported in part by NIH-NIGMS MBRS Grant GM 45455. Florida Scientist 12 Volume 59 10:15 am, Room MM-110 SECTION MEETING: AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES David Wright, University of Florida, Presiding Saturday, 10:15 am - 11:45 am. Room MM-213 SESSION B - FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Dr. Carl Luer, Mote Marine Laboratory, Presiding 10:15 am, BIO-10B Effects of Submersion on Eggs of the Florida Applesnail and Implications for Predation by Aquatic Predators. R.L TURNER, Dept, of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. The terrestrial clutches of Pomacea paludosa. laid on emergent plant stems in Florida wetlands, rivers, and lakes, are at risk of submersion by rising waters. Clutches were submerged in the laboratory and field to study physiological tolerance and predation. Submersion of clutches slowed embryonic development and increased mortality. Embryos within a few days of hatching at the time of submersion were not strongly affected. When younger embryos were submerged, none hatched; most died in early stages of growth. Submersion of clutches in the field increased mortality above that due to submersion alone, but factors other than predation (e.g., loss of adhesion and entanglement with floating debris) accounted for the losses. There was no evidence that aquatic predators were a significant factor. Flooding of managed marshes should occur slowly during the reproductive season (March through October) to minimize the impact on applesnail populations. (Funded by contract 91D192 from St. Johns River Water Management District). 10:30 am, BIO-1 IB Ecological History and Biogeochemical Status of a Northern Everglades Reference Site: U3, WCA-2A. P. RAWLIK, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd., West Palm Beach, FL 33416. In 1993 the SFWMD's Everglades Systems Research Division established a long term research site in the reference zone of WCA-2A. Selected because of its history of research and monitoring, U3 has been used as a research site since the USGS established a stage gauge at the site in 1952. Using historical observations, hydrology and water quality data, the Impacts of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the ecology of the site are described from 1943 to the present. Macrophytes, algae, invertebrates and their relations with existing biogeochemical factors, including phosphorus, temperature and light gradients, are discussed. 10:45 am, BIO-12B The Testicular Cycle of the Florida Soft-shelled Turtle, Apalone ferox. RACHEL SCHULER, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. The Florida soft-shelled turtle is a commercially valuable species found throughout the state in freshwater communities. The testicular cycle of Apalone ferox has never been described. I report on the male testicular cycle based on histology, seminiferous tubule diameter, spermatogenic stage, and gonadal size. Spermatogenesis appears to follow post-nuptial pattern as previously described for other turtles in which the bulk of sperm production follows Spring mating. 1996 Meeting 13 Program Issue 11:0D am, BiO-13B Factors Affecting Wading Bird Utilization of Artificial Wetlands. S. SCOTT (1), C.W. SEWELL (1), AND H.M. SWAIN (2), (1) Florida Institute ofTechnology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, (2) Archbold Biological Research Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862. Extensive loss of natural wetlands for Florida wading birds may have been offset by the addition of new, artificial wetlands such as drainage ditches and retention ponds. This study focuses on wading bird utilization of artificial wetlands in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) region of East Central Florida. Wading birds utilizing artificial wetlands in agricultural, residential and urban areas were surveyed. Preliminary results will be presented on the following hypotheses: 1) artificial wetlands support a significant proportion of the regional wading bird population in the study area; 2) there are interspecific species differences in the utilization of artificial wetlands, and 3) wading birds prefer certain types of artificial wetlands over others. These results will be used by the IRL National Estuary Program when implementing management actions. 11:15 am, BIO-14B An Aquatic Successional Study on Clear Lake (Lake Jovita), Pasco County, FL R.L FOUNTAIN, Saint Leo College, St Leo, FL 33574. Shoreline meter square plots were cleared of vegetation and studied for nine months to determine vegetational recruitment patterns. Control plots were not cleared. Original vegetation removed: cattail (Typha spp.), common arrowhead (Sagitaria latifolia), ludwigia (Ludwigia peruviana), small duckweed (lemna valdivlana), and Salvinia (Salvinia spp.). Replacement vegetation did not Include any of the original species. Recruitment was affected by fluctuations in lake stage and American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) perturbation. 11:30 am, BIO-1 5B The Use of Prescribed Fire in the Restoration of a Herbaceous Wetland Community Containing Caiamoviifa curtissii. Preliminary Results of a Long-Term Project in Santa Rosa County, Florida. M.W. DENTZAU, The Phoenix Environmental Group, Inc., 2916 East Park Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32301. Approximately 95% of the Southeastern Coastal Plain ecosystems were historically affected by lightning ignited fires. Fires often generated in the uplands would progress through wetlands given the appropriate fuel and weather conditions. With our history of wildfire suppression policies and the disturbances from development, agriculture and silviculture, natural fire has been largely excluded from many of these wetland ecosystems. Prescribed fire has been used extensively as a management tool in predominantly upland and transitional communities, however, its use for management and restoration in marshes, bogs, wet prairies, shrub swamps and other wetland habitats is increasing. This paper reviews the preliminary results of the use of prescribed fire to restore a wetland herbaceous system that has a concentration of Caiamoviifa curtissii. Pre-burn quantitative vegetative monitoring and qualitative post-burn results are provided. Florida Scientist 14 Volume 59 Saturday, 2:00 pm - 4:30 pm, Room MM-110 SESSION C - MARINE BIOLOGY Dr. Richard L Turner, Florida Institute of Technology, Presiding 2:00 pm, BiO-16C Wetland Management In Tampa Bay: An Examination of Ichthyofauna in Three Created Salt Marshes. L ALTFELD, Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. Wetland management in Tampa Bay has, in the past, focused on the enhancement, restoration, and creation of debilitated or destroyed coastal wetlands. Recent Interest has surrounded the issue of ecological equivalency of these artificially assisted wetlands relative to natural systems. To determine the extent to which artificially assisted wetlands are similar to natural systems on the basis of fish communities, comparisons are made between fish size distribution, species composition, diversity, and density in three created and one natural salt marsh system In Upper Old Hillsborough Bay. Gear types used are Breeder traps and seine pulls on the marsh platforms and channels, respectively. Results are presented with regard to the implications of wetland management in Tampa Bay. 2:15 pm, BIO-17C Intraspecific Variation in Prey Use and Feeding Biomechanics In Coral-reef Fishes. R.G. TURNIGAN, Dept, of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901. Two populations (Mona Island and La Parguera, Puerto Rico) of four balistoid species were compared to explore the differences in feeding habit (volumetric contribution of major prey types) and feeding functional morphology (biomechanical features of the oral jaw) within each species. Two species showed differences in feeding habit between populations. Intraspecific differences in prey consumption were associated with intraspecific differences in trophic morphology. Features that enhance the production of strong biting forces, such as robust jaw adductor muscles and bones, and high jaw-closing lever ratios, characterized fish that fed on hard prey. The biomechanical attributes that underlie prey use in these coral-reef fishes appeared to show substantial developmental plasticity, possibly enhancing the ability of species to succeed in habitats that vary in the available prey base. 2:30 pm, BIO-18C Ambush Feeding Behavior of the Pacific Angel Shark, Squatina californica. W.R. FOUTS, Dept, of Biological Sciences, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840. (Present address: Dept, of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901). Pacific angel sharks ambush demersal fishes and increase their crypsis by partially burying in soft substrata. In situ attacks were evoked on passes of a rubber fish model above a transparent partition, which was designed to block water displacement. Head-on approaches by the model elicited a higher frequency of attacks (78%) and shorter attach latencies than approaches from either behind (30%) or lateral to (25%) the sharks' heads. Attacks were also evoked at night, and may have been facilitated by turbulence-generated bioluminescence. Individual sharks habituated to the prey model after one or two attacks. 1996 Meeting 15 Program Issue 2:45 pm, BIO-19C The Natural History of a Sand Dwelling Amphipod, Eudevenopus honduranus, Along the High Energy Beaches of the East Coast of Florida. LA. CARY (1), W.G. NELSON (1), AND J.D. THOMAS (2). (1) DMES, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, (2) Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Amphipods are an important ecological component of high energy, sand beach environments. Studies along the east coast of Florida have shown that while haustorild amphipods constitute a large portion of the abundance in the intertidal and subtidal habitats, a platyischnopid amphipod, Eudevenopus honduranus, has been found to compose between two and eleven per cent of amphipod populations. A monthly sampling regime was devised to examine population dynamics of E. honduranus at seven stations along the east coast of Florida. Male/female ratios, size frequency distribution and mean abundance were examined over a ten month study period. Geological and physical properties such as beach slope, mean grain size, per cent fines, per cent organics, per cent carbonates, salinity, temperature and wave action were also studied to determine potential effects on population parameters. 3:00 pm, BIO-20C Structure and Histology of Uterine Trophonemata in Dasyatis sabina. E.L AMESBURY AND F.F. SNELSON, JR., Biology Dept., University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816. The mode of reproduction in all rays is aplacental viviparity, also termed ovoviviparity. Embryos are nourished by egg yolk during the early phases of development, but during later phases the source of nutrition is shifted to a secretion produced by the maternal uterus. We analyzed aspects of embryonic nutrition in Dasyatis sabina throughout gestation. Early gestation through mid-gestation embryos had an external yolk sac that ranged in weight from 66 mg to 2 mg, respectively. By late July the yolk was absorbed, no internal yolk sac was present, and the embryos were entirely dependent upon histotroph nutrition. The inner wall of the maternal uterus was lined with vascularized evaginations called trophonemata. In the non-gravid uterus, trophonemata averaged 2.6 mm long, maximum 3.2 mm and uniformly 0.4 mm wide. By early gestation trophonemata maximum length reached 15.9 mm. After this rapid increase, average trophonemata length stayed relatively constant through mid and late gestation, although a few hypertrophied strands attained maximum length of 31.7 mm. Width continued to vary throughout gestation. After parturition the strands began to shrink and resembled pre-gestation trophonemata. The histological structure of trophonemata will be described. 3:15 pm, BREAK 3:30 pm, BIO-21C Population Structure and Gene Flow in the Leatherjacket Oiigopiites saurus. M.A. CROXFORD, W.G. BRADLEY, AND W.A. SZELISTOWSKI, Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. The leatherjacket is a common carangid ranging from the Gulf of Maine to Uruguay and from the Pacific coast of Mexico to Central America. The wide range of this species Florida Scientist 16 Volume 59 makes it particularly interesting from the vantage of population genetics. Samples were collected from several locations in the Western Atlantic and one locale in the Pacific. Differences between populations were quantified by analyzing a 370 bp segment of the highly variable control region of mtDNA. Results were analyzed In light of potential barriers to gene flow such as the Central American isthmus and various geographic and oceanographic features in the Western Atlantic. 3:45 pm, BIO-22C Feeding Ecology of Gag Grouper in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. DOUGLAS C. WEAVER, Zoology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. This study quantifies ontogenetic and seasonal shifts in the diet of gag grouper, (Mycteroperca microlepis); documents dietary overlap between gag and two co-occurring species of serranids (Epinephelus morio and centropristis striata); and links morphological features and growth rate to interspecific differences in feeding ecology. Gag are the most abundant species of grouper occurring on hard-bottom reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Individuals observed on patch reefs near Cedar Key, FL range in size from 150- 900mm total length. Small juveniles (100-200mm SL) fed heavily on benthic fishes and crustaceans, gradually switching to pelagic fishes and invertebrates as medium (200-300mm SL) and large juveniles (300-400mm SL). Adults (400mm -t- SL) consumed primarily grunts (family Haemulidae) and other fishes, apparently over soft-bottom habitats bordering reef structures. Pelagic fishes and invertebrates were major components of the diet during summer months for larger fishes, but were absent or of reduced importance during the winter. Size-related and seasonal shifts in diet may allow larger gag to exploit prey groups occurring away from reef structures, reduce density-dependent limitation of food resources, and allow greater numbers of individuals to occupy reef communities. There was little overlap in the diet of gag, red grouper and black sea bass. Gag have larger teeth which may be important in capturing swift prey, while red grouper and gag have larger gape widths, increasing suction ability for engulfing prey. Growth rates of gag are the highest of the three serranids, which may be sustained by the increased food quality of their prey. Resource partitioning may allow these fishes to use a broader prey base, and maintain the high abundance of serranids on reef systems. 4:00 pm, BIO-23C The Effects of the 1 990 Bermuda Pot Ban on Coral Reef Fish Populations. B.J. BISHOP, Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. Using a video censusing technique, coral reef fish abundance was studied from 1987-1995 to determine if the 1990 Pot Ban has alleviated fishing pressure on populations at two sites. Data were also collected In 1995 using both a visual method and a video method to assess the usefulness of the video technique in surveying fishes. Results are discussed with respect to conserving Bermuda's coral reef fish diversity. 4:15 pm, BIO-24C Impact Assessment of an Experimental Shrimp Farm on a Red Sea Coral Reef in Nabq, South Sinai, Egypt. A. ABDULLA, Department of 1996 Meeting 17 Program Issue Marine Science, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. Until recently, Red Sea coral reefs have been predominantly threatened by the thriving tourism industry. In an effort to develop coastal economies, a marine shrimp farm was authorized and established two years ago as a prototype. In order to appraise the effect of this farm on the nearby reef, an impact assessment plan was implemented. This study included fish censuses, water sampling, seagrass epiphyte analysis, coral sampling, and the setting up of permanent marking stations. Results do not suggest an immediate adverse effect by the farm on the reef associated with it. 4:30 pm, Room MM-110 SECTION MEETING: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES David L. Wright, University of Florida, Presiding ENGINEERING SCIENCES Saturday, 7:30 am - 11:30 noon. Room MM-222 Al Hall, City of Tallahassee, Presiding 7:30 am, ENG-1 The Myth of Waste Disposal and the Promise of Proper Waste Management. CHARLES A. STOKES, SC.D., P.E., Stokes Consulting Group, 2355 Kingfish Road, Naples, FL 33962. We never get rid of a waste, whatever its nature, we only change its form and/or move it around. Looking ahead to the use of science in such handling of waste, we see that most of the basic science and also the technology (art) that we need to manage wastes is already in hand. Not so well developed are our ways of applying both science and technology in innovative ways that will lower costs of and add to revenues from useful products derived from waste. Particularly needed are data and experience in applying microbiologically processed wastes in horticulture and agriculture and ways to make cost-effective use of ash from waste incinerators. Landfill, as we know it today, will gradually disappear, we can be assured, since mere inventorying of waste will not be acceptable. The future needs and future interactions involved in the proper management of municipal solid wastes and sewage sludges will be reviewed and forecasts will be made. 8:00 am, ENG-2 Gas Utility Mapping Using GPS and Laser Technology. LOCLYN B. ANDERSON (1) AND JACK MAKEMSON (2), (1) City of Tallahassee Utility Services, Utility Support Services, Gas Operations, 2602 Jackson Bluff Rd., Tallahassee, FL 32304, (2) Resource Management Systems, 11751 NW 12 Street, Pembroke Pines, FL 33026. With the implementation of GIS in 1994, the City of Tallahassee Gas Operations needed to verify the location and condition of our infrastructure. GPS technology represented an efficient solution to achieve this goal Florida Scientist 18 Volume 59 with sub-meter accuracy. We began in March 1995 by designating a test area, evaluating GPS units, designing the methodology, and training the data collection team. The test area was completed in August 1995, and we are now extending the project throughout the county. 8:30 am, ENG-3 Clean Water for Florida Past, Present and Future. TIMOTHY P. BRODEUR, Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., 1051 Winderley Place, Suite 205, Maitland, FL 32751. Some of the earliest water companies in Florida were created to supply the migrating public from the north into Florida beach communities. Many of these budding water companies were started by Henry Flagler. He created resorts in St. Augustine, Tampa-Clearwater, and Palm Beach. Some time later he developed Miami Beach and Key West as well. This paper describes some of the problems in the past through the early works of Malcolm Pirnie, Sr., the founder of Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. which is celebrating 100 years of practice in 1995. The present water supply situation is also reviewed in terms of the changing regulatory requirements and the emergence of customer satisfaction. From the present a speculation about the industry in the future is also made as the industry faces the same competitor as is occurring with other utilities such as telephone communications and power supply. 9:00 am, BREAK 9:30 am, ENG-4 An Expert System for Rolling Mill Quality Operations. SERGIO SODRE DA SILVA AND FREDERICK B. BUONI. Operations Research Program, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FI 32901. This paper describes the development of an expert system to make decisions about the quality of the product of a double-pour cast iron roll. 10:00 am, ENG-5 Evaluation of an Urban Transportation System for a Small city. GREDY GARRIDO, Operations Research Program, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. This paper examines the economic feasibility of establishing a private transportation system for a small city in Venezuela. 10:30 am, ENG-6 A Survey of Distributed Interactive Simulation. DAN BELK AND FREDERICK B. BUONI, Operations Research Program, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. This paper discusses the development of the relatively new field of distributed interactive simulation. The basic concepts and the current research areas will be discussed. 11:00 am, ENG-7 Simulating a Job Shop with Dynamic Rescheduling. Yl- CHING ERIC LI AND WADE H. SHAW, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. In this research, we developed two revised 1996 Meeting 19 Program Issue scheduling heuristics for testing mean flow time in the dynamic rescheduling environment. Five heuristics had been tested in this research, including two revised heuristics. A five-product five-workstation job shop was used for the simulation model testing. In accordance with load-level change, we simulated the model, tried to find out what heuristic can offer the most efficient mean flow time and also the operation that can be very stable. The simulation is the major technology used in this research. This research gives a base design for a dynamic rescheduling process, and shows the different or similar findings between this research and past research. The estimation of the mean flow can be changed in the dynamic rescheduling process depending on different status and rescheduling issue of the workstation status. 11:30 am, Room MM-222 SECTION MEETING: ENGINEERING SCIENCES Al Hall, City of Tallahassee, Presiding ENVIRONMENTAL & CHEMICAL SCIENCES Saturday, 9:00 am - 11:30 am. Room MM-217 SESSION A Robert S. Braman, University of South Florida, Presiding 9:00 am, ENV-1A Carbon Surfaces for Mercury Collection and Speciation in Air. SUREN RODRIGUES AND ROBERT S. BRAMAN, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Monitoring of the various forms of mercury in the environment is critical because of their extreme toxicities. The use of activated charcoal packed tubes for the collection of all forms of mercury in air is described. The subsequent separation of the desorped species is carried out using a sequence of hollow tubes (a base coated and a silver tube). The tubes lead to a DC discharge spectral type emission detector. As opposed to the above active sampling method, passive sampling of mercury in air will also be outlined. 9:15 am, ENV-2A Parameter Optimization of Soxhiet and Supercritical Extraction. J. HUNEK (1), K. KOLLA.R-HUNEK (1), AND Z. KNEZ (2), (1) Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Road, Melbourne, FL 32935 -Techn. Univ. of Budapest, H-1521, Flungary, (2) University of Maribor, SLO 62000, Slovenia. Soxhiet and supercritical extraction are similar semi batch operations with solvent recycling. The kinetics of the process has been described by the authors' mathematical model based on Fick's (II) differential equation. The cost optimization of the operation is given for the extraction of grained paprika with supercritical C02. Designing and running such equipments process engineers have to Florida Scientist 20 Volume 59 determine batch size and time, recycling rate, as well as percentage of extraction. Intensive recycling shortens batch time and decreases investment costs, however, energy costs are increased, too. A general method to account for all these factors Is given. 9:30 am, ENV-3A Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments as Chemotaxonomic Markers for the Pelagic and Benthic Photoautotrophs In Lake Okeechobee, Florida. J.W. LOUDA (1), E.W. BAKER (1), N. WINFREE (1), K. HAVENS (2), AND A. STEINMAN (2), (1) Florida Atlantic University, Org. Geochem. Grp., Boca Raton, FL 33431, (2) So. Fla. Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33416. Lake Okeechobee, South Florida's "liquid heart", has experienced cyanobacterial blooms due mainly to anthropogenic inputs of nutrients (P,N). As only chlorophyll-a is routinely measured, methods for the rapid screening of photoautotrophic populations were required by managers of the resource. The present report covers a year-long investigation of the photoautotrophic communities in the waters and surficial sediments of Lake Ockeechobee. Methodology Included pigment analyses with reverse-phase HPLC/photodiode- array detection of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and their degradation products. Communities are described to the Division level and future directions will be covered. 9:45 am, ENV-4A Global Warming and Florida. J.W. PALMER, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CHE 305, Tampa, FL 33620. The major factors involved in global warming are reviewed in their historical context. Then, using these factors as a basis, the effect of global warming on Florida will be summarized. 10:00 am, ENV-5A Why are Cattails Dominating Marsh Environments? An Examination of Allelopathy in Hillsborough County, Florida. V. PRINDLE AND D.F. MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620. Cattails, Typha domengensis, were collected from two locations in Hillsborough County to investigate possible allelopathic behavior toward other plants in aquatic environments. Bioassays were performed using varieties of test seeds and the cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula. Abnormal growth was observed using extracts to imbibe the test seeds and a disruption of normal respiration was seen with the cyanobacteria. Investigations into the characterization of the inhibitory compounds was begun. 10:15 am, ENV-6A Efforts Toward the Characterization of Allelopathic Materials Produced by Nannochloris Oculata. E. PEREZ (1), D.F. MARTIN (1), M. WALKER (1), AND W. SAWYERS (2), (1) Institute of Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, 1996 Meeting 21 Program Issue FL 33620, (2) Somerset, Inc., 5415 W. Laurel St., Tampa, FL. It has been found that the green alga, Nannochloris oculata. is allelopathic to Florida's red tide dinoflagellate, Gvmnodinium breve. This on-going research is concerned with the purification and characterization of the N. oculata cytolytic exotoxin, in addition to the factors affecting its growth, biological activity and action mode against breve. 10:30 am, BREAK 11:00 am, ENV-7A Removal of Iron from Sodium Fluorosilic Scale by Diamagnetism. CHUHUA WANG, EILEEN PEREZ, ROBERT F. BENSON, AND DEAN F. MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The iron distribution, 0.02% level, in sodium fluorosilic scale is changed under the magnetic field of 2 X 1200 gauss. The suspension solution is passed through the magnetic field at flowrate of 115 ml/sec under the pressure. After treatment, scale is separated by its size and is analyzed by AAS for iron content. The results show a general trend that higher iron content is found in smaller size scale and solution after the magnetic treatment, compared to the control one. In hydrocyclone separation under a magnetic field, the overflow solid contains higher iron, up to 12 times, than iron in underflow solid. A large amount of iron goes into the overflow solution. The iron distribution with scale size is investigated in this research. 11:15 am, ENV-8A Effect of Magnetic Fields on the Viability of Selected Algae. BARBARA B. MARTIN, DEAN F. MARTIN, LINDA BISNAUTH, AND ROBERT F. BENSON, Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. The effect of a weak magnetic field on the viability of two marine organisms and two freshwater organisms was investigated. Gymnodinium breve but not Nannochloris oculata was adversely affected, relative to control samples. Lyngbya majuscula, but not Odegonium foveolatum was adversely affected during a one-week period, relative to control samples. We are grateful to the Living Seas, Walt Disney World, for financial assistance. Saturday, 2:00 pm - 2:30 pm. Room MM-217 SESSION B Dean F. Martin, University of South Fiorida, Presiding 2:00 pm, ENV-9B Synthesis and Selected Reactions of Supported Ligands. CHARLES D. NORRIS, DUKE D. POORE', ROBERT F. BENSON, AND DEAN F. MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Selected ligands have been supported on solid supports using four different methods. These include: adsorption of long chain hydrocarbons into pores of hydrocarbon-filled silica gel, Florida Scientist 22 Volume 59 chemical attachment to anion-exchange resins, chemical attachment to catiorv exchange resins, and simple adsorption. Metal ions studied include copper (II), nickel (II), cadmium (II), lead (II), and silver. The scope and limitations of each method will be reviewed. 2:15 pm, ENV-10B Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by Sugar. CHUHUA WANG, DEAN F. MARTIN, AND BARBARA B. MARTIN, Institute for Environmental Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. Hexavalent chromium In contaminated water and soils is highly concerned due to the greater toxicity and solubility of Cr(VI) than Cr(lll). Chromium (VI) species with concentration range from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm are reduced to chromium (III) by both glucose and sucrose in acidic media. The result shows that the reduction rate is depended on pH, amount of sugar used and temperature. Sugar concentration should be below 0.03 mole/l for sucrose and 0.05 mole/l for glucose In order to prevent the formation of chromium (III) chelate and convert sugar Into COg. In the pH range of 0.4-2.0, and molar ratio, [Cr(VI)]/[Sugar], of 0.12-0.50, free Cr^"^ ion dominates and chromium (VI) concentration is reduced to 0.2 ppm level. Such reduction reactions can be observed at temperatures as low as 25°C. 2:30 pm, Room MM-217 SECTION MEETING: ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES Dean F. Martin, University of South Fiorida, Presiding GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY Saturday, 8:30 am - 11:10 am. Room MM-210 T. Missimer, Missimer international, Inc., Presiding 8:30 am, GHY-1 South Florida Ecosystem Reconstruction: The Past is the Key to the Present (and Future). G.L WINGARD AND D.A. WILLARD, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 970, Reston, VA 22092. The ecosystems of southern Florida, including the Everglades and Florida Bay, have shown increasing signs of stress over the last several decades. Declining biodiversity and other negative trends have frequently been attributed to human activities in southern Florida since the turn of the century, but these assumptions have not been tested scientifically. Fauna and flora preserved in shallow cores In the terrestrial and marine environments preserve information on the biological, physical, and chemical parameters that existed at different points in time. Combining the biotic data with accurate chronology using ^’°Pb dating and exotic pollen allows us to test theories of cause and effect. By determining the characteristics of the ecosystem prior to 1996 Meeting 23 Program Issue significant human alternation, the baseline for restoration can be established and an understanding of the natural range of variation in the system developed. The extent, range, and timing of changes to the ecosystem over approximately the last 150 years can be established, and it can be determined whether these changes correlate to human alteration, to meteorological patterns, or to a combination of factors. In addition, data on recovery times of certain components of the ecosystem will be obtained, thus allowing biologists to estimate responses to future restoration efforts. 8:50 am, GHY-2 A Stratigraphic Study of Cow and Calf Key, Lower Tampa Bay, Florida. G.R. BROOKS AND J.M. GIBSON, Department of Marine Sciences, Eckerd College, 4200 54th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33711. Cow and Calf Key is composed of two closely adjacent, depositionally-related mangrove Islands located in lower Tampa Bay. The purpose of this study was to collect and examine stratigraphic and sedimentary data from the islands and determine their recent geologic history. The study entailed on-site evaluations, morphologic mapping using remotely sensed data, identification of stratigraphic and sedimentary structures from vibracore samples, and grain size analyses. The preliminary assessment is that Cow and Calf Key has had an active recent history, and may provide insight into the recent geologic history of this part of Tampa Bay. 9:10 am, GHY-3 Sediment Monitoring Program, Collier County, Florida. G.G. GIBSON, Pollution Control Department, Collier County Government, 3301 E. Tamiami Trail, Naples, FL 33962. An estuarine sediment monitoring program is being implemented by Collier County in an effort to ascertain background sediment chemistry values for selected anal^es. Available resources dictate a systematic rotation of monitoring efforts among the County's twenty-one (21) estuarine systems, providing some data in all major estuaries on a five year cycle. Samples are collected once a year (April) at the same locations as that year's water quality samples. Analytes include: metals, nutrients, PAHs, and organochlorine pesticides. Data so far collected is being utilized to support other projects, and to develop an understanding of the local background values for these analytes. 9:30 am, BREAK 9:50 am, GHY-4 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programs, Collier County, Florida. G.G. GIBSON, Pollution Control Department, Collier County Governement, 3301 E. Tamiami Trail, Naples, FL 33962. Surface water quality monitoring programs are maintained in both the inland and the estuarine portions of the County's drainage basins. Available resources dictate a systematic rotation of monitoring efforts among these drainage basins, covering all major basins in a five year cycle. Samples are collected on a quarterly (seasonal) schedule with current emphasis on nutrients. Data so far collected is being utilized to augment water quality data from other sources, and to develop an understanding of the local background values for these analytes. Florida Scientist 24 Volume 59 10:10 am, GHY-5 South Florida's Neogene Siliciclastics Deposited During a Sea-Level Highstand(?). LA. GUERTIN, University of Miami, RSMAS, 4600 RIckenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149. Continuous cores drilled In south Florida contain a siliciclastic unit located between a lower carbonate section (Arcadia Formation) and an upper carbonate section, forming the foundation of the present-day Florida reef tract. An analysis of the planktic foraminifera contained in four cones (three in the Florida Keys, one In the Everglades) completes a biostratigraphy that indicates a middle Pliocene age for the timing of siliciclastic sediment deposition. The global record indicates that there was a global middle Pliocene sea-level highstand before the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, suggesting that in south Florida siliciclastic sediments were mobilized and deposited during a highstand in sea level. 10:30 am, GHY-6 The Hawthorn Group: A Historical Perspective. T.M. SCOTT (1) AND G.L WINGARD (2), (1) Florida Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32304, (2) U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092. The phosphatic siliciclastics and carbonates of the Hawthorn Group have been investigated for more than a century. The Hawthorn is widespread in the State forming the intermediate confining unit/aquifer system. It is economically important due to the occurrence of phosphate and fuller's earth. Until the 1980's, the Hawthorn Group was considered to be Middle Miocene. In the 1980's, the age of the Hawthorn was recognized to range from latest Oligocene or earliest Miocene to earliest Pliocene. Current biostratigraphic investigations have extended the range from late Early Oligocene to Early Pliocene. Future research will continue to investigate the depositional patterns, facies relationships, and biostratigraphy of the Hawthorn Group. 10:50 am, GHY-7 Florida Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment: An Overview. G.L. MADDOX, P.G. (1) AND J.D. ARTHUR, Ph.D., P.G. (2), (1) Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Ground Water Ouality Monitoring Program, 2600 Blair Stone Road, MS3525, Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400, (2) Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Geological Survey, 903 West Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, FL 32304-7700. The Florida Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (FAVA) is designed to delineate potential contamination vulnerability of Florida's major aquifer systems using existing GIS-available data. By using existing data on depth to water, physical soil properties, vadose zone characteristics, confining unit thickness and conductivity, vertical head differences and karst feature density, a series of stacked relational models is developed, depicting relative recharge rates above and between aquifer systems. FAVA can be used in conjunction with land use data and contaminant transport numerical models to characterize aquifer hydrology. Pilot mapping studies in hydrogeologically diverse areas of Florida re currently underway. 1996 Meeting 25 Program Issue 11:10 am, Room MM-210 SECTION MEETING: GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY Tom Missimer, Missimer International, Inc., Presiding MEDICAL SCIENCES Saturday, 11:30 am. Room MM-108 SECTION MEETING: MEDICAL SCIENCES David Washington, Dept, of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Health and Public Affairs, University of Centrai Florida, Orlando, FL, Presiding PHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE Saturday, 8:30 am - 11:30 am. Room MM-108 SESSION A Joan Schwebel, Maynard Evans High School, Presiding 8:30 am, PSS-1A A Martian Explorer: Mission Concept of Florida Tech's Space Science Project. G. BIRNBAUM, N. BOLINGER, A. CARTA. P. FELKER, M. HOUCHENS, AND M.B. MOLDWIN, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. For the senior class project in Observational Techniques of Space Physics, we designed a mission concept to study the interaction of the solar wind with the Martian ionosphere and atmosphere. This talk will outline the scientific goals and technical plans of the mission. The subsequent talks will outline the individual experiment packages onboard the different spacecraft. 8:45 am, PSS-2A A Martian Explorer: Experiment Description of Florida Tech's Space Science Project: 1. N. BOLINGER, A. CARTA, P. FELKER, M. HOUCHENS, G. BIRNBAUM, AND M.B. MOLDWIN, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901 . For the senior class project in Observational Techniques of Space Physics, we designed a mission concept to study the interaction of the solar wind with the Martian ionosphere and atmosphere. This talk will outline several Individual experiment packages. Florida Scientist 26 Volume 59 9:00 am, PSS-3A A Martian Explorer: Experiment Description of Florida Tech's Space Science Project: 2. A. CARTA, P. FELKER, M. HOUCHENS, G. BIRNBAUM, N. BOLINGER, AND M.B. MOLDWIN, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. For the senior class project in Observational Techniques of Space Physics, we designed a mission concept to study the interaction of the solar wind with the Martian ionosphere and atmosphere. Some individual experiment packages onboard spacecraft will be described. 9:15 am, PSS-4A The Global Positioning System as a Tool for Spatial and Temporal Information. C. MELONE AND E. SOTOLONGO, Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Rd., Melbourne, FL 32935. While GPS research began in 1973, the constellation has only recently become fully operational. GPS was developed to provide highly accurate position, velocity, and time data to an unlimited number of properly equipped users anywhere on the ground, at sea, in the air, and out in space under any weather conditions. This universal positioning system serves many users accurately and efficiently while also reducing the federal government's maintenance and operating costs of other less precise radionavigation systems by replacing them. With three major segments, control, space, and user, GPS provides two different services. Precise Positioning Service (PPS) and Standard Positioning Service (SPS). PPS and SPS are functionally the same. The main difference is the degree of accuracy of the provided data (PPS being more precise). This discussion will focus on the operation and application for military and civilian use. 9:30 am, PSS-5A Molecular Dynamics of Mixtures on a Sun Workstation. B.S. NGUYEN (1), AND T.M. HAKIM (2), (1) Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, (2) Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. A molecular dynamics simulation of hydrogen-argon mixtures has been developed and adapted to the Sun-UNIX environment. The simulation consists of a series of effectively optimized computer programs written in C and characterized by ready expandability, applicability to a wide array of systems, and a powerful inter-process communication capability. The computational setup and dynamics of the system will be discussed. 9:45 am, BREAK 10:00 am, PSS-6A Study of Microbiological Specimens Using Soft X-Ray Contact Microscopy. KARY NEKULA, M.C. RICHARDSON, M. KADO, AND D.S. TORRES, CREOL, University of Central Florida, Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826. Images of live microbiological specimens such as, Escherichia coii, Staphyiococcus aureus, Crithidia, and their structures, can be obtained by the use of soft x-ray contact microscopy. X-Ray microscopy has an advantage over other forms of microscopy in that it does not require a preparation that kills or alters the specimen. A compact nanosecond glass laser system creates laser 1996 Meeting 27 Program Issue plasmas, from various target materials, which produce x-rays. Varying the target material, varies the x-ray spectrum emitted, making it possible to tune the x-ray spectrum, to achieve maximum contrast. A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) photoresist records the x-ray images. The PMMA photoresist is developed and then analyzed by an atomic force microscope. 10:15 am, PSS-7A Use of Photographic Film as a Detecting Element for Fourier Transform Spectrometers. P.A. FRIEND, M.J. FRIEND, AND R.M. BRANLY, Broward Community College, Dept, of Natural Sciences, 3501 SW Davie Rd., Davie FL 33314. A Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) experiment using a Sagnac interferometer as described by Sellar and Rafert {Opt Eng., 33(9), 3087-3092, Spet. 1994) will be flown on the Space Shuttle as part of NASA's Small Self-Contained Payload (SSCP) Program. The experiment is designed to examine the intensity of reflected sunlight at multiple wavelengths simultaneously. The advantages of using 35mm photographic film as a detecting element in this environment will be discussed. The film's non-linear spectral response will be compared to the limited spectral channels available from CCD detectors. Calibration sources and procedures will also be examined and discussed. 10:30 am, PSS-8A Characteristics of Supra-thermal Photoelectrons Measured at Geosynchronous Orbit. M.B. FILLINGIM, M.B. MOLDWIN, AND H.K. RASSOUL, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. Ionospheric photoelectrons observed at geosynchronous orbit are characterized by their pitch-angle distribution, local time of occurrence, surrounding plasma environment, and geomagnetic activity levels. Four months selected around the equinoxes and solstices are studied to examine the seasonal dependence of the photoelectron behavior. The results will provide observational constraints for several current piasmaspheric refilling models. 10:45 am, PSS-9A Florida Institute of Technology's Space Shuttle GAS- CAN Experiment. A. SOLEIMANY, ET AL, M.B. MOLDWIN, H.K. RASSOUL, AND J. BURNS, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 1 50 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901 . A brief overview of the scientific and technical details of Florida Tech's Get-Away-Special canister (GAS-CAN) experiments will be presented. The payload consists of several separate experiments including a materials science experiment to study thin film deposition at low-G, and a lightning (both upward propagating and cloud to ground) optical detector. 11:00 am, PSS-10A Characterization of Currents and Electric and Magnetic Fields from Triggered Lightning Experiments of 1995 at Camp Blanding, Florida. M.l. FERNANDEZ, V.A. RAKOV, AND M.A. UMAN, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Rocket triggered lightning experiments were conducted at Camp Blanding, Florida during the summer of 1995, employing two separate launch towers. Channel-base current Florida Scientist 28 Volume 59 measurements were made at both launchers. The electric and magnetic fields produced by the triggered lightning were measured at distances of 30m, 100m, and 400m from the channel-bases. The analysis of these measurements will be presented and will be compared with results from previous triggered lightning experiments. The authors would like to acknowledge A. Eybert-Berard and the Laboratoire d'Applications Speciales de la Physique, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France for their collaboration in the experiments; and T. Vaught and J.A. Bach of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida for their contributions to the experiments. 11:15 am, PSS-11A MEASURE-Magnetometers along the Eastern Atlantic Seaboard for Undergraduate Research and Education. P. DOUGLAS, M.B. MOLDWIN, AND H.K. RASSOUL, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. An array of closely spaced (80-100 km) pairs of magnetometers at low- (L=1.7) to mid- (L=3.4) magnetic latitudes is planned to be deployed this summer along the eastern Atlantic seaboard. The array will stretch from central Florida to Ottawa, Canada. MEASURE has two main purposes: to provide undergraduate and graduate students in Space Science at Florida Institute of Technology the opportunity to actively participate in an experimental space physics campaign, and to study the means by which wave energy is transferred to low latitudes to produce geomagnetic pulsations on the ground. Closely spaced pairs of magnetometers can be used to infer temporal variations in ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma parameters and, as part of an extensive meridional array, can be used to examine ULF wave propagation mechanisms. Low to mid latitude magnetic pulsations provide important information about the solar wind- magnetosphere interaction and the dynamic coupling of the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Therefore studies of the generation and propagation mechanisms of these low to mid latitude pulsations are invaluable in understanding essential aspects of the solar-terrestrial relationship. This talk will outline the plans and specific objectives of the MEASURE array. Saturday, 2:00 pm - 4:45 pm, Room MM-108 SESSION B Joan Schwebel, Maynard Evans High School, Presiding 2:00 pm SECTION MEETING: PHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE Joan Schwebel, Maynard Evans High School, Presiding 2:30 pm, PSS-12B Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of the Low-Energy Trapped Plasma Equator. N. O'DOSEY, M.B. MOLDWIN, AND H.K. RASSOUL, Dept, of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. 1996 Meeting 29 Program Issue University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. The effective geomagnetic trapping equator for low-energy 90 degree pitch-angle particles is determined by including centripetal and magnetic forces in an offset dipole field geometry. Applications to plasma observations made at geosynchronous orbit will be presented. 2:45 pm, PSS-13B Cr:LiSAF Flashlamp Pumped Solid State Lasers. G.M, LUNTZ, J.E. GORDA, AND M.C. RICHARDSON, CREOL, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826. The CriLiSAF laser implements a single mesh pulse forming network to deliver energy to the fiashlamps in the desired current pulse shape. The duration of the pulse must be matched to the upper state lifetime of Cr:LiSAF to achieve the maximum stored energy in the laser material. The spectral characteristics of the fiashlamps must also be matched to the absorption bands of Cr:LiSAF to induce lasing. 3:00 pm, PSS-14B Charge Transfer in the Forbidden Region: A Problem Looking for an Application. P.R. SIMONY, Department of Physics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. In principle, charge transfer at high projectile velocities for simple atomic systems is well understood in terms of either a two- step classical model or a second-order quantum mechanical approximation. Recent interest has focused on values of projectile and target masses for which such two-step mechanisms are classically forbidden. While the classically forbidden region does not overlap the range of mass ratios found in typical atomic collisions. The validity of various charge transfer calculations in the forbidden region will be discussed along with suggested systems that may be used to test such calculations. 3:15 pm, PSS-15B Study of the Equatorial Ionosphere's Total Electron Content and its Seasonal and Magnetic Variations. J. WERNOW, H. RASSOUL, M. MOLDWIN, AND L JONES, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. Using ionospheric correction data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite we will examine features of the equatorial ionosphere, including the Appleton anomaly. The satellite was designed for determining the height of the ocean within two centimeters. For this measurement a number of corrections must be applied. The need for one such correction results from the ionosphere, which causes radio signals to slow down. By emitting two frequencies a correction can be made to the data by comparing the change in velocities. A dual frequency altimeter operating at the frequencies of 5.3 and 13.6 GHz was used. This data gives the total electron content, TEC, of the ionosphere. This study will perform a statistical study of seasonal and magnetic variations of the equatorial TEC as a function of magnetic activity, local time, and season. 3:30 pm, PSS-16B Algebra-based Baby Physics by the Students for the Students. T.M. HAKIM, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The reform movement in introductory physics has addressed calculus-based physics courses, Florida Scientist 30 Volume 59 leaving the algebra-based courses to deal with their own shortcomings. This paper will address new ways of teaching the traditional curriculum that involves the students from day one. It will further illustrate improvement in student attitude, retention of material and problem-solving ability. 3:45 pm, PSS-17B Super-LOKI Suborbital Rocket Experiment. M.B. MOLDWIN AND H.K. RASSOUL, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. A small, lightweight experiment will be flown upon a Super-LOKI suborbital rocket launched from Cape Canaveral. The rocket will reach an altitude of about 80 km and then will deploy the experiment which will then descend via a parachute. This talk will outline the experiment and its science and educational objectives. 4:00 pm, PSS-18B Advanced Technological Education at Brevard Community College. EVELIO SOTOLONGO, Brevard Community College, 3865 North Wickham Road, Melbourne, FL 32935. Brevard Community College has spearheaded the formation of Community Colleges for Innovative Technology Transfer (CCITT), a consortium of 12 community colleges across the United States all linked with a local NASA Center. The coalition recently received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), in advanced technological education. The consortium will sponsor faculty development workshops in remote sensing, image processing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). We will develop an earth systems science course as well as an Interdisciplinary curriculum module having multiple strands which will utilize the technologies named above and be capable of being infused into various science and technology courses offered at CCITT institutions and other community colleges throughout the United States. This presentation will outline the implementation of CCITTs proposed curriculum and workshop development in advanced technological education. 4:15 pm, PSS-19B Investigation into the Magnetic Properties of Crystals Grown in Microgravity. S.T. WALTZ AND E. SOTOLONGO, Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Road, Melbourne, FL 32935. Crystal growth experiments of conducting materials in microgravity conditions are key to the Improvement and development of tomorrow's electronic technology, such as the development of new devices of mass storage and applications in quantum computing. At present, the properties of paramagnetic substances are being investigated on the ground. Two samples were grown: one in the presence of a magnetic field and one in the absence. They are being analyzed with a scanning electron microscope to measure lattice imperfections; rare-earth magnets will be used to measure susceptibilities. We have established an empirical relationship between the magnetic susceptibility of a metal and its imperfections. This relationship will be used to compare the crystals grown on the ground with crystals grown aboard the space shuttle in microgravity. 1996 Meeting 4:30 pm, CMS-1 31 Program Issue About the Argo Numbers. ARGO. 4:45 pm, Room MM-108 SECTION MEETING: Computers and Mathematical Sciences Daryl Schrader, St. Petersburg Jr. College, Presiding FLORIDA COMMITTEE ON RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS Saturday, 9:00 am - 11:00 am. Room MM-114 SESSION A - Biodiversity Conservation James W. Beever III, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Presiding 9:00 am, REB-1A Biodiversity Conservation Lands Priorities in Florida. J.W. MULLER AND G.R. KNIGHT, Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI), 1018 Thomasville Road, Tallahassee, FL 32303. Florida, rich in biological diversity, is fortunate to have active conservation land acquisition programs and ecosystem management initiative. The FNAI is helping to focus efforts on the most important lands from a biological conservation perspective. Based on regional ecological workshops and aerial photograph interpretation, FNAI staff identified approximately 3,000 areas of conservation interest. Information on these areas of conservation interest was combined with more than 23,000 FNAI occurrence records of natural communities and rare/endangered plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates to help set priorities. Biological resources already on managed conservation areas and lands currently on acquisition lists were considered in determining priority areas. Methods, criteria, results, and priority resources and areas are discussed. This work was funded by the Conservation and Recreation Lands (CARL) Trust Fund through the Department of Environmental Protection. 9:20 am, REB-2A Population Ecology of Gopher Tortoises on Egmont Key. J.D. COX, Department of Biology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711. Egmont Key, a barrier island located in the mouth of Tampa Bay, supports a dense population of gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus. Burrow density and occupation rates are determined for gopher tortoises in each of the island's seven habitat types. An island wide population is calculated and tortoise density is compared to mainland tortoise populations. Results are presented with regard to the invasion of exotic plant species and the island's lack of mammalian predators. Florida Scientist 32 Volume 59 9:40 am, REB-3A The Effects of Fringe Red Mangrove and White Mangrove Trimming for View on Use by Rare and Listed Bird Species in Southwest Florida. J.W. BEEVER III, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Office of Environmental Services, 29200 Tuckers Grade, Punta Gorda, FL 33955. A comparison avifaunal use of cut and adjacent natural mangrove fringes in seven southwest Florida aquatic preserves was performed utilizing standardized survey methods. Habitat utilization by avifauna is significantly reduced (82.9%) by mangrove trimming. No listed bird species or mangrove obligate bird species were observed using the hedged study areas. Four common bird species were found in common for both cut and natural sites. For the parameters measured no net positive benefit to avifauna of mangrove trimming/cutting could be confirmed. This study confirms that mangrove cutting of natural fringes is deleterious to the rate and listed avifauna that depend upon mangroves for habitat. 10:00 am, REB-4A A Bat Survey on the Disney Wilderness Preserve and the Occurrence of a Rare Species: Plecotus rafinesquii. LS. FINN, 431 Sheryl Drive, Deltona, FL 32738. The Disney Wilderness Preserve (DWP) consists of 11,000 acres in Osceola County and is managed by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The preserve consists of pine flatwoods, scrub, forested wetlands, and old grazing land. Under a contract from TNC a survey of bats using this property took place in the summer/fall of 1995. Mistnets, bat detectors, and night vision scopes were used to detect the presence of bats. Several species including one classified as rare, and two as status undetermined, by FCREPA have been captured. One of these species, Plecotus rafinesquii, the southeastern big-eared bat, has not been previously studied in the state and prior to the discovery of this colony it had not been confirmed that it was resident with a viable population. This is the southernmost location of a P. rafinesquii maternity colony. From Dec. 1994-1995 this trailer was monitored for presence of bats and hygrothermographs were placed in each room in which bats were roosting. 10:20 am, REB-5A Adrenal Circulation of the Florida Manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. M.J. MCTA, University of Central Florida, Dept, of Biology, Criando, FL 32816. Adrenals subserve a vital role in maintaining proper physiological levels of mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines. A detailed histological study of adrenal anatomy revealed arteries that divide into separate cortical and medullary circulatory systems. The venous system consists of cortical venous effluents that agglomerated in the medulla and exit as the adrenal vein. A portal system was not seen between the cortex and medulla. This description of the adrenal vasculature serves as a foundation for future research investigating the unique mechanisms employed by the adrenal cortex and medulla to regulate blood flow and secretory activities. 1996 Meeting 33 Program Issue 10:40 am, REB-6A A Systematic Study of Manatee and Dugong Feeding Behavior. C.D. MARSHALL (1), H. MAEDA (2), M. IWATA (3), AND R.L REEP (1). (1) Box 100144, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, (2) Toba Aquarium, 3367 Toba City, 517 Mie, Japan, (3) Yomiuri Land Marine Aquarium, 3294 Yanokuchi, Tokyo 206, Japan. Sirenians possess an unusual oral-facial anatomy and associated behavior that are related to their aquatic herbivory. A detailed behavioral study of this anatomical region had not been undertaken until now. A systematic study of manatee feeding behavior was conducted on 11 Florida manatees (Homosassa Springs, FL; Lowery Park Zoo, Tampa, FL; and Sea World of Florida). Feeding trials involving two dugongs (Toba Aquarium), one Antillean manatee, and one Amazonian manatee (Yomiuriland Marine Aquarium) were also conducted. Six species of aquatic vegetation were presented to Florida manatees over a ten week period. Feeding trials involved a plexiglass feeding apparatus placed on an underwater viewing window. The cyclic feeding movements of sirenians were analyzed in real time, slow motion, and frame by frame. Supported by NSF grant BNS - 912045 to R.L. Reep. 11:00 am, Room MM-114 SECTION MEETING: FLORIDA COMMITTEE ON RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS James W. Beever III, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Presiding Saturday, 2:00 pm - 4:20 pm. Room MM-114 SESSION B - Special Symposium on Sea Turtles in Honor of the Florida Academy of Sciences' First Medalist, Dr. Archie Carr James W. Beever III, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Presiding 2:00 pm, REB-7B 1995 Overview of Marine Turtles in the State of Florida. R. MEZICH, Florida DEP - Florida Marine Research Institute, 3900 Commonwealth Blvd., Mail Station 245, Tallahassee, FL 32399. 2:20 pm, REB-8B Using Genetic Markers to Track Marine Turtle Migration. B.W. BOWEN, BEECS Genetic Analysis Core, University of Florida, 12085 Research Drive, Alachua, FL 32615. 2:40 pm, REB-9B Physiological Correlates of Egg Position in in situ Loggerhead Nests. R.R. CARTHY, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, 223 Bartram Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32911. 3:00 pm, REB-10B Effects of Beach Renourishment on Physical Attributes of a High-Density Sea Turtle Nesting Beach, East-Central Florida. C.D. CORNELISEN AND R.W. PARKINSON, Florida Institute of Technology, DMES, 150 Florida Scientist 34 Volume 59 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901. This project consists of a four-year analysis of the effects of mechanical sand transfer on the physical attributes, thought to influence sea turtle nesting and hatching success, of a feeder beach. Results indicate that the physical attributes (e.g., beach hardness, moisture content, temperature) of the control (natural) beach are significantly different from the physical attributes of the treatment (feeder) beach. During the 1995 nesting season, physical attributes are being measured at nest-specific sites along with randomly located long-term sites. This project may then be integrated with a long- term biological study conducted during the same sampling period. Implications as to the effects of changes in physical conditions of the treatment beach on sea turtle nesting and hatching success will provide information useful to those involved with the design, permitting, construction, and monitoring of beach renourishment projects. 3:20 pm, REB-11B Marine Turtle Nesting atthe Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge: The 1995 Season and Long-Term Trends Sea Turtle Nesting Beach, East- Central Florida. LM. EHRHART AND D.A. BAGLEY, Department of Biological Science, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL 32816. Studies of marine turtle nesting activity from 1982-1989 revealed that a 21 km stretch of beach in south Brevard County was one of the most important loggerhead beaches in the Western Hemisphere and equally important as a nesting for the Florida Green turtle. As a result, the U.S. Congress established the Archie Carr NWR in Brevard County and nearby parts of Indian River County in 1990. Since that time, loggerheads have set new nest production records in 1990 (14,328), 1994 (14,730) and 1995 (16,918). Green turtles established new nest production levels in 1990 (477), 1992 (686) and 1994 (1107). Effects of a series of tropical storms tempered the otherwise salutary nest production of 1995. Acquisition of lands for the ACNWR is about 60% complete, but development is rampant in the area. Expeditious procurement of the remaining lands is essential if the quality of this critical nesting habitat is to be preserved. 3:40 pm, REB-12B Sea Turtle Nesting in Collier County. D.S. ADDISION AND M. KRAUS, The Conservancy, Inc., 1450 Merrihue Drive, Naples, FL 33942. 4:00 pm, REB-13B Nesting Ecology and Possible Reproductive Strategies in Loggerhead Turtles. A.M. FOLEY, Florida Marine Research Institute/FDEP, 100 8th Avenue, SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. 1996 Meeting 35 Program Issue SOCIAL SCIENCES Saturday 2:00 pm - 4:00 pm, Room MM-114 SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM on MORAL LEADERSHIP: FLORIDAS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT R. Del Delumyea, Jacksonville University and FAS Program Chair, Presiding (This symposium is provided by the Florida Humanities Council, as part of its commemoration of Florida's Sesquicentennial). In a number of locations around the state, the Council is using historical events and leaders to give both an emotional distance and an historical vantage point which can be used to gauge the changing perceptions and the political consequences of moral leadership. The question is not what leaders do or how they do it, but why they do it. The moral dilemmas of another era can be argued and then, with our 20th century consciences, their historical merit assessed. The Florida Academy is honored to be selected as one of the locations at which the Florida Humanities Council will engage scientists, educators and citizens In this discussion. We at FAS expect this to be the beginning of a valuable relationship and look forward to having the Council participate in future Annual Meetings and other FAS activities. TOM ANKERSON, Center for Government Responsibility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. A narrated video presentation of the history of the environmental movement in Florida. DAN DENICOLA, Chair, Department of Religion and Philosophy, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789. What criteria are used to identify the moral leaders of Florida's environmental movement? Panelists and audience will participate in exploration of some of the characteristics, challenges and contradictions of moral leadership. Florida Scientist 36 Volume 59 SCIENCE TEACHING Saturday, 8:00 am - 11:45 am, Room MfA-207 SESSION A Janice Ems-Wilson, Valencia Community Coiiege, Presiding 8:00 am SECTiON MEETiNG - SCiENCE TEACHiNG Janice Ems-Wiison, Vaiencia Community Coiiege, Presiding 8:30 am, TCH-1A Higher Education Consortium Region III: Pre-Service Teacher Education Project. J. WOZNIAK, Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Rd., Melbourne, FL 32935. The Higher Education Consortium (HEC) was formed in 1993 as an independent organization of higher education faculty. Mathematics, science, mathematics education, and science education faculty from public universities and community colleges as well as private colleges and universities are working to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics and science, K-16. The mission and goals of the HEC as well as several projects in Region III schools will be shared. These projects were developed to improve the teaching of mathematics and science at the undergraduate level. 8:45 am, TCH-2A Mini-labs: Short Period Labs to be Used with Science Lecture Courses. W. BITTLE AND L. McADAM, Seminole Community College, 100 Weldon Blvd., Sanford, FL 32773-6199. The mini-labs are designed to provide hands-on experiences not normally found in science lecture courses. A grant from HEC was obtained to develop these. The current results from lecture only courses indicates that students need some form of "hands-on" activities to relate to theory. Simple labs are being developed for Astronomy and Oceanography that should increase their ability to understand and relate to theories. As they are developed, they are used in the classroom to test their effectiveness. When the grant is finished, the Information will be made available to anyone in our District. 9:00 am, TCH-3A Seven Years Directing Undergraduate Research at the Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research, Jacksonville University. R. DEL DELUMYEA, Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The Millar Wilson Laboratory for Chemical Research is operated with funds from the proceeds of a trust fund established on her death by Mrs. Gertrude Rollins Wilson in memory of her husband, John Millar Wilson, a successful industrial chemist. The wealth of the family established the trust fund, the proceeds from which were to be used to create and operate a research laboratory at an institution of higher learning in Duval County. The laboratory was to conduct research which was ". . . to promote the welfare of the citizens of the State of Florida." The Laboratory currently offers four $6,000 student 1996 Meeting 37 Program Issue research scholarships for work conducted in the Laboratory. Over the past seven years, approximately 10 Millar Wilson Fellows have been through the program. Each has at least one publication in a refereed journal. The highs and lows of directing a continuously-maintained sampling program with student researchers will be reviewed. Student research, while at times frustrating, will be shown to be successful and rewarding, for both the Director and the students he has trained. 9:15 am, TCH-4A Two-Year Colleges in the Twenty-Rrst Century: Breaking Down Barriers. S.L SAVRDA, Lake-Sumter Community College, 9501 US Hwy 41 1 , Leesburg, FL 34788. A national project for two-year college physics teachers has been established to increase the Involvement of two-year faculty in the physics community. A series of regional meetings will provide opportunities for faculty to share their successes as teacher/scholar, decrease the isolation felt by many two- year college faculty members and increase awareness of current developments In physics education and innovative teaching strategies. The progress of the project in the Florida region will be discussed. An American Association of Physics Teachers program supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. DUE-9450160. 9:30 am, BREAK 9:45 am, TCH-5A The Relationship Between Spatial Ability and Achievement in Chemistry: A Meta-Analysis. JANICE EMS-WILSON AND JOHN COONEY, Department of Psychology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639. Spatial ability is a cognitive skill related to concept learning, problem solving, laboratory manipulations and multi-step syntheses in chemistry. This study conducted a meta-analysis of the effect sizes from a variety of test Instruments. Results are given for both general and organic chemistry. 10:00 am, TCH-6A Student as Scientist: Research Projects in Freshman Physics. S.L SAVRDA, Lake-Sumter Community College, 9501 US Hwy 441, Leesburg, FL 34788. Students in first semester Physics with Calculus were given open-ended research projects to complete over a seven week period. Students designed the experiment, constructed any equipment not available In the lab, collected data, analyzed uncertainties and ultimately reported results in a formal report and in a presentation to faculty and fellow students. While no "new“ physics was discovered, a great deal was learned by both the students and their instructor. 10:15 am, TCH-7A A Computer-Assisted Analysis of Kinetic Friction. CHARLES YOUNG AND TAMIR ZIV, Lake-Sumter Community College, 9501 US Hwy 441, Leesburg, FL 34788. Introductory physics textbooks generally state that the coefficient of kinetic friction has a constant value for a given pair of surfaces in contact with each other. The results of an experiment utilizing computer interfacing to determine the dependence of on speed and other factors is discussed. Florida Scientist 38 Volume 59 10:30 am, TCH-8A The Real Pendulum: A Computer Analysis. GEORGE HORTON, KEVIN LATHAM, AND GARTH LYNCH, Lake-Sumter Community College, 9501 US Hwy 441, Leesburg, FL 34788. Introductory physics texts generally analyze the motion of the simple pendulum only in the case of the small angle approximation. Using computer interfacing and analysis, the motion of a pendulum with a large initial angular displacement is compared to small angle approximately results. The tension, acceleration, angular dependance of the period and other factors are discussed. 10:45 am, TCH-9A From Submersibles to Seagrasses: Education Programs at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. S.B. COOK AND D.K. KRUMM, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946. The J. Seward Johnson Marine Education and Conference Center is a well- equipped new facility on the campus of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in Ft. Pierce. Programs for college students and faculty include accredited summer courses, internships, and workshops for faculty. The Center also provides laboratory and field facilities for visiting field courses. Because of its location between West Palm Beach and Cape Canaveral on Florida's east coast, the facility is an ideal base from which to explore Cape Canaveral to the reefs of the Florida Keys. In addition to a strong emphasis on the environment and biodiversity, innovative programs are being developed to introduce college and high school students to undersea technology such as submersibles and ROVs (remotely operated vehicles) to study the oceans. 11:00 am, TCH-10A A Piece of Paradise, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, Indian River County: A Walking Tour. S.J. CANTWELL (1) AND R.A. KARPIE (2), (1) Indian River Land Trust, 4871 N. A1A, Vero Beach, FL 32963, (2) Brevard Community College, 3865 N. Wickham Rd., Melbourne, FL 32935. Develop walking tour representative of the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (ACNWR) to educate the public and develop appreciation for the ACNWR. The trail was selected for variety of representative ecosystems, accessibility to A1A, and aesthetics of a generally unspoiled existing path. Permission is authorized under an easement agreement granted by U.S. Fish & Wildlife and by completing required volunteer forms. Identified the physical parameters of easement and made grid for plant locations and habitat boundaries, noting plants present, shell middens, animal burrows. Made comparisons of other interpretative areas and materials, developed brochures for tour participants, maps showing the ACNWR and habitat boundaries and reference book for tour guides. Evaluation of materials will be done by written questionnaire and critique of walk participants. 11:15 am, TCH-1 1 A A Famous Publication in America from a Student's Error in Slovenia. J. HUNEK (1), P. GUKVIC (2), S. GAL (2), (1) Brevard Community College, 2865 N. Wickham Road, Melbourne, FL 32935 -Techn. Univ. of Budapest, H-1521, Hungary, (2) Univ. of Maribor, SLO 62000, Slovenia. Students are upset 1996 Meeting 39 Program Issue if professors find their errors. However, by correcting them they learn such a way they do not forget. Sometimes an error can lead to interesting discoveries in science. The story given hereby is such a unique one. The birth of the authors' famous publication, The Separation of an Azeotropic Mixture by Reverse Extractive Distillation" (A.I.Ch.E., Journal, 35, 7, p.1207 (1989)) is described. The paper attracted a worldwide interest. As one of the reviewers of the A.I.Ch.E. Journal put it: "The note is interesting in pointing out something that might not occur to people working with such systems." 11:30 am, TCH-12A Pollution Prevention Education and Mitigation in Marine Biology Technology. WILLIAM TRANTHAM, Florida Keys Community College, 5901 West College Road, Key West, FL 33040. This paper will discuss the implementation of interactive teaching techniques and role playing in the development of a site-use plan for a 1 7-acre sanitary land fill adjacent to our main campus. Students acting both as city commissioners and vested interest groups from the community must take into consideration funding sources, environmental impact on mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef systems as well as marketing and projected revenue returns in the project. This three-hour exercise is suitable for introductory and survey classes in the sciences at both high school and community college levels. Saturday, 9:00 am, Room MM-109 SESSION B - Special Symposium on Initiatives in Environmental and Global Change Education Karen Wetz, Dept, of Natural Science, Manatee Community College, Presiding PRESENTERS: Dr. Tom Marcinkowski, Coordinator of the Graduate Program in Environmental Education, FIT, "NSFs Planning Grant for Florida's Global Change Initiative" Alice ORourke, Science Teacher, Newberry High School, "Updates on the GLOBE Project" Dr. George Maul, Chair, Dept, of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering, "Earth Systems Science Education" Elizabeth Odum, Santa Fe Community College, "Computer Simulations of Biosphere Models" Jim Lewis, Environmental Education Specialist, DEP, "Environmental Citizenship and Environmental Education at the DEP" Dr. Kevin Kioesei, Dept, of Meteorology, FSU, "Florida EXPLORES! program" Ingrid Melody, Director, Institutional Affairs Division, Florida Solar Energy Center, "Education Concerning Global Energy Issues at the Florida Solar Energy Center" Florida Scientist 40 Volume 59 URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Saturday, 9:00 am - 10:15 am, Room MM-226 Lisa Beever, Charlotte Metropolitan Planning Organization, Presiding 9:00 am, URP-1 Water Supply and Environmental Restoration Planning in Southeastern Florida. LARRY PEARSON, AlCP, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33416. Southeastern Florida contains three major land use features which are hydrologically interdependent: 1) the rapidly growing urban coastal area, 2) the Everglades Agricultural Area, and 3) the Lake Okeechobee/Everglades Marsh/ Florida Bay ecosystems. Successfully integrating the water supply needs of these major land uses requires consideration of new planning paradigms. The contemporary land use and hydrologic setting are described as well as projected issues. Planning techniques to address the issue areas developed which include adaptive management approaches. 9:15 am, URP-2 An Analysis of Road Safety in Charlotte County, Florida. LB. BEEVER, Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Crganization, 28000 Airport Road, A-6, Punta Gorda, FL 33983. The Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Crganization (MPC) developed a safety management system for long range planning purposes in response to federal legislation. Safety was measured by accidents, injuries, fatalities and damage. Accidents occurring in the jurisdiction from 1989 through 1994 were analyzed. By using historical traffic count information, rate information was developed for each of the safety indicators. Local Injury rates were lower than national rates but local fatality rates were higher than the national rates. Correlations between accidents, accident rates, levels of service, and road classifications were identified. The lack of correlation between safety measures and levels of service required a re-evaluation of the use of level of service as a method of prioritized road improvements for public safety. Roads with high injury-accident and fatality rates were assessed and countermeasures identified. 9:30 am, URP-3 DescriptiveTime-Series Analysis of Public Water Supply Pumpages by Florida Water Management Districts. RICHARD A. MARCH (1), JANE KIRKER BUCCA (1), AND RICHARD L. MARELLA (2), (1) Planning Department South Florida Water Management District, P.C. Box 24680, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, (2) United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 227 No. Bronough Street, Suite 3015, Tallahassee, FL 32301 . Pumpage records from public water supply utilities were compiled by the five water management districts, individual utilities, and other sources for the period 1985-1992 inclusive. These data were compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey. This paper examines seasonal and 1996 Meeting 41 Program Issue trend factors in the public water supply pumpages In the five water management districts. The relationship between public water supply pumpage growth and population growth is discussed. Differences between pumpage patterns In the districts are Identified and hypotheses for further analysis are developed. Conceptual models for future empirical estimation are presented. Implications of public water supply pumpage patterns for water resource management and development are discussed. Competition for limited sources of high-quality water between urban, agricultural, and environmental users is discussed. 9:45 am, URP-4 Alternative Level of Service Measures for Urban Arterial/ Collector Roads. LB. BEEVER, Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization, 28000 Airport Road, A-6, Punta Gorda, FL 22983. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), published by the Transportation Research Board, is the foundation for roadway level of service management. Two problems are Inherent in measuring levels of service for urban roadways. First, the HCM provides no measure of effectiveness for collector roads. Second, the measure of effectiveness for urban and suburban arterials is ^average travel speed*. Comparing traffic counts to a service capacity only estimates travel speed. The Florida Department of Transportation District #1 and the Charlotte County-Punta Gorda Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) suspected that the assumptions used to estimate travel speed yielded worse levels of service than actually occurred in the field and conducted speed and delay studies to verify the assumptions. Both efforts revealed consistently better levels of service than originally estimated. 10:00 am, URP-5 Autoregressive-Moving Average Forecasting of County- Level Citrus Acreage for the South Florida Water Management District. RICHARD A. MARCH, Planning Department, South Florida Water Management District, P.O. Box 24680, West Palm Beach, FL 33416. Since the mid-1960's, when the Rorlda Agricultural Statistics Service began Its Commercial Citrus Inventory, there have been major shifts in the location of the planted acreage. In general, citrus production has moved from central Florida to southwest Florida. This shift has profound implications for the land and water resources of the area. County-level Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models are developed for the sixteen counties partially or totally within the South Florida Water Management District (with Monroe County acreage being combined with Dade County). These county level models are then used to develop projections for the counties of the District The utility of these mechanistic forecasts is discussed in the light of uncertainty about the future economic conditions facing citrus production in South Florida. Underlying assumptions and statistical problems In applying these forecasts are discussed. Resource management implications are discussed. 10:15 am. Room MM-226 SECTION MEETING - URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Richard March, South Florida Water Management District, Presiding Florida Scientist 42 Volume 59 POSTER SESSION Saturday, 10:30 am - 11:30 am, Registration Lobby POS-1 (TCH) Invasive Exotic Plants in Central Florida. DR. DEBRA GREEN, Valencia Community College, 809 Bill Beck Blvd., Kissimmee, FL 34744. POS-2 (REB) Bat House Use in Central Florida with Emphasis on Tadarida brasiliensis cyanocephala and Nycticeius humeralis. LS. FINN, 431 Sheryl Drive, Deltona, FL 32738. 1996 Meeting 43 Program Issue AUTHOR INDEX NAME PAGE NAME PAGE NAME PA9E ABDULLA, A 16 CORNELISEN, CD 33 HUNEK, J 19, 38 ADDISON, DS 34 COX, JD 31 IWATA, M 33 AKANDA, RU 8 CROXFORD, MA 15 JONES. L 29 ALLICK, EA 11 DA SILVA, SS 18 KADO, M 26 ALTFELD, L 14 DELUMYEA, RD 6, 36 KARLEN. DJ 7 AMESBURY, EL 15 DENICOLA, D 35 KARPIE, RA 38 ANDERSON, LB 17 DENTZAU, MW 13 KIRKER BUCCA, J 40 ANKERSON, T 35 DOUGLAS, P 28 KLOESEL, K 39 APANG, SV 11 DRISCOLL, DL 3 KNEZ, Z 19 ARTHUR, JD 24 EHRHART, LM 34 KNIGHT, GR 31 ARTHUR, JW 2 EILERS, MR 7 KOLLAR. G 9 BAGLEY, DA 34 EMS-WILSON, J 37 KOLLAR-HUNEK, K 19 BAKER, EW 20 FELKER, P 25, 26 KRAUS, M 34 BARTLETT, R 11 FERNANDEZ, Ml 27 KRUMM, DK 38 BEEVER III, JW 32 FIERRO, F 11 LATHAM, K 38 BEEVER, LB 40, 41 FILLINGIM, MB 27 LEWIS, J 39 BELK, D 18 FINN, LS 32, 42 LI. CE 18 BENSON, RF 21 FOLEY, AM 34 LIEBERMAN, LS 5 BEWICK, TA 10 FOUNTAIN, RL 13 LIPP, EK 6.7 BIRNBAUM, G 25, 26 FOUTS, WR 14 LOUDA, JW 20 BISHOP, BJ 16 FRIEND, MJ 27 LUNTZ, GM 29 BISNAUTH, L 21 FRIEND, PA 27 LYNCH, G 38 BITTLE, W 36 GAL, S 38 MADDOX, GL 24 BOLINGER, N 25, 26 GARRIDO, G 18 MAEDA, H 33 BOWEN, BW 33 GIBSOM, GG 23 MAKEMSON, J 17 BRADLEY, WG 15 GIBSON, JM 23 MARCH, RA 40, 41 BRAMAN, RS 19 GLAVIC, P 38 MARCINKOWSKI 39 BRANLY, RM 27 GONZALEZ, 1 11 MARELLA, RL 40 BRODEUR, TP 18 GORDA, JE 29 MARSHALL, CD 33 BROOKS, GR 23 GRABE, SA 7 MARTIN, DF 20,21,22 BROWN, G 9 GREEN. D 42 MARTIN, BB 21 BUONI, FB 18 GUERTIN, LA 24 MAUL 39 BURNS, J 27 GUTIERREZ, A 10 MCADAM, L 36 BUTTS, S 2 HAGELIN, CA 4 MELODY, 1 39 CANTWELL, SJ 38 HAKIM, TM 26, 29 MELONE, C 26 CARTA, A 25, 26 HAMMOND, R 6 MENTE, RF 9 CARTHY, RR 33 HANISAK, KA 6 MEZICH, R 33 CARY, LA 15 HAVENS, K 20 MITCHELL. S 1 COBB, JL 6 HAVILAND, RP 8 MIZRACH, S 2 COOK, SB 38 HORTON, G 38 MOLDWIN, M 25-30 COONEY, J 37 HOUCHENS, M 25, 26 MORALES-PAYAN, JP10 Florida Scientist 44 Volume 59 NAME PAGE NAME PAGE MOTA, MJ 32 STONE, JV 3 MULLAHEY, JJ 8 SWAIN, HM 13 MULLER, JW 31 SZELISTOWSKI, WA 15 NEKULA, K 26 THOMAS, JD 15 NELSON, WG 7, 15 TORRES, DS 26 NGUYEN, BS 26 TRANTHAM, W 39 NORRIS, CD 21 TURNER, RL 12 O'DOSEY, N 28 TURNIGAN, RG 14 O’ROURKE 39 UMAN, MA 27 ODUM 39 WALKER, M 20 PALMER, JW 20 WALTZ, ST 30 PARKINSON, RW 33 WANG, C 21, 22 PEARSON, L 40 WEAVER, DC 16 PEREDO, CM 4 WEEDMAN, K 1 PEREZ, E 21 WERNOW, J 29 POORE', DD 21 WILLARD, DA 22 PRINDLE, V 20 WINFREE, N 20 RAICH, M 5 WINGARD, GL 22, 24 RAKOV, VA 27 WONG, W 10 RASSOUL, H 27-30 WOZNIAK, J 36 RAWLIK, P 12 YOUNG, C 37 REEP, RL 33 ZIV, T 37 RICHARDSON, M 26,29 RODRIGUES, S 19 SANBORN, AF 11 SANTORA LAMM, R 5 SANTOS, BM 10 SAVRDA, SL 37 SAWYERS, W 20 SCHULER, R 12 SCOTT, S 13 SCOTT, TM 24 SECORE, S 11 SENGOVA, J 3 SEWELL, CW 13 SHAW, WH 18 SIMONY, PR 29 SNAPP, AL 1 SNELSON, FF 15 SOLEIMANY, A 27 SOTOLONGO, E 26, 30 STEINMAN, A 20 STOKES, CA 17 Plan to attend Florida Academy of Sciences 1997 Annual Meeting at the NEW Charlotte Campus of Edison Community College. Experience OLD Florida in Punta Gorda on Charlotte Harbor March 1997 For information contact: Dr. Lyman O'Neai Locai Arrangements Chair 941-639-8322 MM BUILDING 1ST FL STIIIWIY#1 SIIIIWIY #2 Mil BUIIDING 2HD FL STAIRWAY #1 >1 CAMPUS MAP Directions to Brevard Community College (BCC) from 1-95: From either north or south, take exit #72 (Eau Gallie) east to Wickham Road. Turn left (north) and drive to the 5th stoplight (4th stoplight is the intersection with Parkway); turn into BCC campus. Parking is on the right; parking nearest Wickham is for SM Building, site of Junior Academy Meeting; parking lot farther on to the right is for MM Building, site of Senior Academy Meeting.