onbee oie eyrsinhiee wettest Poets } ¢ es as fake , a ajegss LEE be Depa tem “ me 6) shiva theby ts os toy er ed ew t . bes 4 fiers Ar pees es Reiprich eteilt incr tiniveeante stastamg tt oye mesbnache seve I Seleatt abn waste Pi mf tibet a basetebed + Lo edyeae I J Eo teat tet fagh . ete yi egraye ti eth 2 sae yas ia ; pg Feld Bt pha thy Lass oe Ne ieee dethtsenict tte : é caveat poe a : Var leretare Saovit Le heen) hankeHesd Hee cashing bilan r . etiaet es ee oas ee nasa 2 ¥ "! steer) re ‘ os ; " nh ; et rr ae tht ered re Sete 5 fs ve hw i i i ; Hise Lsmoneierashasiaed hee , er 4p bs bre fd dbapend faible shes: ee dit neh aa f Lash etre f ; y . no , ; Beret ath : a . 3 he ; : us ay entrentd ait nt Se ‘ boot i Dita eat silyl, ( ike nh Rte By iy Ranaeecbaar nto Rite me oll ppstvoehes teal ¢ : . af acyofes + kat eawysndinte tes vist 98 etetenss bidcoy Meat iesegbyce in Ki att Mabie obvael aT tewiahanp ; oh ine bal of ve se voard Sot eeet vine aaron eh bina ipite iia hia : Rais ; ih tata Prisheie! bof enas ener he brfe! nish pheberycesankey ote as r : * SeLLE OG sews ent ghe ; meats ; earners ay att) t ; aterrvereety ‘ paysh phat peede . ; tht seloe Dees th) 4 yryit oi : Heit teh he a ube ele Bey Rhee at * ¥, ushethe tas pbbt ties tases Tulvuemoeme st mer ats Lab bedbe tans Outs ya poner ards arti Fete tteresptobede hy eod leicbatne deer tated bn shod wah eld 4 phpisheet ined ey segfdeet eet teen revit brdobed nfo “te Settee toisttanc? 4 ay sanyo Sete ery penry pat eer ebn a ie rem Npotierets ff pained Hs et STE heh het bee hy y ‘. Dyatuicernrelds ; t¢ 4 sfireogyh etl} Petit ete rated Ciees : : uirtohs pie: plan Late oe sien hebget, it “ Pa teshitheseatieicna st. de tei n . a anreenia 742 bs ; Setup pete ee vy 7 : : peels yee ed ae , ihtaaa ya Erubatetnitte vein aa ty is Ternary dst 1b the He ui reat Bt Ms Set pvt srestenres Or a tea tas itm 4 adults “ier ' i F tint es : ‘ * Rk teal stings r x a7 Me oi hale , rine nt ref ; : 4 fa] i ae Heaters Ata s 5 ; seeps Prtew eaawancads ij aT f ie Sti . everett astreyee teeta f vi ; fe ‘ eee ba Falah : r Sraivsbictess,behpesh esd lesmrenes tech ; } Mae sieuere yori 4 , eine brash caus 2 ¥ i , 5 i i rans * sistas ooh Cet a Ani). j6) ore tetid erie ' i j ste 2 i Ti Ly pie jim oaryebegU aetel aptigatts ; have yostiesiornty ats 7 * . iia ree ‘ < H , r 4 Bethy AN alge. fi : nd : i Sinitde is npn ecdsertas ooo e : . ; eatted . ; i AH hahah , i sit ebitiiiees it A Eb referents pore ae ¥ Beata. jie i raney" . ye Pots papas OF) et ga ay rf Hits tis } } ? pay } tah ein realty: Bercerbeeiaciesee aif proses baat ; , j ; ? ‘ eau} A eé pd eaviatal reas Roreais , Nialelaperes tot eacs Sm ierade pera ‘ 4th } y) bey eter? ; had dae : ie * oe aR ; Vou ota ! } i vie bob Aviyy f i h icy yibterwinieteseteeery ecrteatsod wees rp oe nat ; Pewee } aa ; : rte WeSrtentul es 4 ; mstecbersaomtets iene Drasgerly it “38 ; , , " t ‘i - ’ ' ct 3 eens , ' WAL ny ie hy qt AW i i eae ‘ h H i 4 ie ria + forsee { i bee tbe} ‘ sash eyeee dats ho: red / tN D y et isp ts ' : Sant prercerer: vi actyoh bid } 4 iy praia " ; ~ Co rerrsirstees he Stith ere Mi a * N te ole mettre sn Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: ie . +f Pee ae beets THE FLORISTS’ MANUAL 68D (oe WILLIAM SCOTT. A REFERENCE BOOK FOR COMMERCIAL FLORISTS. ILLUSTRATED. PRICE, FIVE DOLLA RS. CHICAGO: FLORISTS’ PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1899. 46719 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1899, by the FLorIsTS’ PUBLISHING COMPANY, in the Office of the Librar- ian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. e TWO COPIES RECEIVED, f 4 SECOND copy, ANGE, | uy KASD ‘ -. IN PRODUCTION... PHE author of the following pages would never have assumed to instruct his brother florists, however limited their experience might be, had not he received many flattering comments on his cultural notes which appeared in the American Florist, and later in the Florists’ Review. These notes were well received, even by men who were able to teach the author, Oe: and brought to my busy desk hundreds of inquiries on a wide range of subjects, which I found were beginning to be a great tax on my time. Being made with that disposition which gratifies itself when any favor can be bestowed, we deter- mined in an unguarded moment to compile our knowledge of commercial plants into a volume, and if those who favor us with a perusal of its pages glean only one hint which may help them in.their busi- ness they will have received value for their money and we shall feel highly gratified aside from any pecuniary reward. We are one of those who esteem the respect and approbation of our fellow men, and particularly those in our own calling, far above riches, but if a substantial reward is sent us for our labors we shall again be grateful. A friend of venerable age, with some experience as a writer, a student of horticultural lore, told me last winter that a business man should not attempt to bea literary man. We scarcely even then realized the truth of his words as we have the past three months. We scarcely knew at the start what a task we had undertaken. The writing has been done at odd hours snatched from business cares, and no little midnight oil, or rather gas, has helped the book along. It was difficult to determine the limit of the book, but as will be apparent few plants are noticed but those of commercial value, and those only in a strictly commercial way. Had we known of any work giving plain cultural directions for our leading plants this book would not have been begun. My own business embraces nearly every branch, from selling a bunch of violets over the counter to planting a tree or seeding a lawn or building a greenhouse, and therefore we have with confidence touched on several features of the business besides the growing. This book was never intended for men who have made specialties of a few plants with great success. Being specialists they have reduced their business to a science and make no mistakes, but they are few compared to the great army of florists who grow and retail and have to handle a great variety of plants. Many of these are not graduates of horticultural establishments but have left some other calling to engage in floriculture. Another class is the young man who has been brought up in places where the rose or carnation, or perhaps palms, was the specialty and where the opportunity of observing the care or culture of other plants was limited. To sucha one we believe this book will be of service. Looking back over thirty years’ experience in this country we are amazed and gratified at the enormous strides the business of floriculture has made, and why should the limit be yet reached? We believe with confidence that the use of flowers and plants’is yet to grow tenfold. They are the hand- maid of refinement, good taste and real gentility, all of which is blessing the mass of the people more and more. We believe that our florist shop keepers and their clerks could imbibe a little more knowl- edge of the plants they handle without any detriment to their health or prosperity. We wish to acknowledge to Mr. W. H. Taplin the several valuable articles on choice sae, ferns and cycads which bear his initials. It must be acknowledged that there is no better authority than Mr. Taplin on those special plants. For the very practical chapter on commercial Orchids we are indebted to Mr. Wm. Hewson, who handles a cattleya with the freedom, quickness and success that some men doa geranium. To my good friend John F. Cowell, Director of our Botanic Gardens, I am indebted for access to and hints on his collection of Nepenthes, Bromeliads, etc. The remainder of the pages are my own experience and observation. If you think there is sometimes a little extraneous matter that is not connected with the subject, and may be called frivolous, don’t blame the author, he could not help it no matter however much he tried to suppress it; occasionally there had to be a slight relief from the dry monotony of the subject. And last the author owes much to Mr. G. L. Grant, the publisher, who has so ably put the matter in form and finely illustrated many of the subjects. With a fervent wish that with all its imperfections these pages will be appreciated by many, I remain, with some confidence and much hope, Yours very sincerely, WILLIAM SCOTT. . Whatever ability I may possess in the glorious field of horticulture, although far less than my early oppor- tunities afforded, I inherited from my beloved father, who wasa good man anda great gardener, and to whose memory, with reverence, I dedicate these pages. WILLIAM SCOTT. JNjorthnlinl en gamemoooca ones ol oanoCogDe 9 INQD OE ye es codaitonb660000 donk OoODOr 9 IXCBIDANINE I aaobo nde coo pboocooponemeD 10 Mcanthophoenixe cls. ci ee ccins «is 10 PNGer | AGN CUIAN eieletel ere els =\-lnielce > = + 10 INOMINER, oxo Kbeo cdo cod Gon aOR nUeoOne 10 PRCHIPINDOCS es terete taic slave cies." si wis 'a%s) rave 11 PCT ULUIT alli aete eieilc =) <6 civic icles» « clviaze 11 PRUVERTIERLINE totevots ots ele lofsteielernis cus lante ors ere 11 NEP ATUBTI Gi ayestelcies clots sleialctersucle ewes La INECKIGY ian DOBU BOS LOD ER OOD OR GOUEE DUO O 14 NSGienibin “ofouecosdotoroocagocunbe 15 JNU PATENTED Sie cong obo Ge us se0scOue 15 LNUCREREEY ea osemoanopeo DO cOr on Gato 15 AV OVSianClUrLOG OLA oclclelieierssre- 16 IN Gernan thera mairtere clenis\o ele. slevarais ol0ln 16 PATILAT TULLE! weve rds et omacaicle eis etc fovshs.s Guay 16 JN SEN VATIIEL Soe peclore OOO OTT ch OD CIS moe 16 Nima YAO (aecno og cnoogaeds daamere hy PATRIA Aw ontcsjel cietfenseveleseiefeus ccc whee aciscete 17 FAUUATS Sb e wr etairis tevareve tec aiasne a teeiewars ayers 18 PAU ITET AG UTD erste ved eels Spots ofs.abs. sists 18 PATENT Waal alee = eheie stele sereveie sete se clstclons 18 PALATE TINUE awssceevers cavers tavels|chelotert cvsierateve 18 Aponogeton distachyon ............ 18 INGH ERR pte Beco cose aD oe e OO ccCEocier 19 PADI CTE vested «einitare ceheis) tas aly. etehahe, ates suave 20 AOUSEAY BS daltons Dao on Oe BS Berton 20 ATISTOLOCH ay fictemier et sisieascjie oes 21 AMSTODD GIN aiggine tic sees eee etre ao 21 EAGT ONCE no I Apne NARS O RR ECE a READE uz DNSTULIGATTIOG 9 AS eee Seno Olt n SER Ona Eee 22 AUG Bodin OOo oindr SOUR oneroriee 23 PANS HUL DS map OULCA) ciereyeisinin steveteie eta sie: se 24 INAIGE «0 seconde adodanatadopaodbe odo 25 ise Gopeoadgoncd sod lpood soo nea 26 EPMO ES: a) a craviexavoilefel chain ave are Ses iatencleate 26 isxe\akobiavzs IEVEN oh) Sb oecp.dadeoomoe sen ces 27 PERE SIRT rahe /shcaoteenistanetoreyensonslorete: srsiacs isids 31 TRGIING). Gemeateico cece So tien cine Oei Rr onenee re a 12Xo) Hiopea) 12 Ie he i Oire eee tC Cee ay oa Be 34 PBGUSALIVINICR, cfoisin vers t eases oan deers OE IR DUANE), scab condonsoacoeomaemosoT 35 PRTOM ETA Rewtercisidte-atessolsearveris seven tele 35 BTW ENN, Gane copoadode opoocem abe 35 ESAYD DL Saareerey ofateleestetey ois iaravclelicle le orsiciaicremacceve 35 MG EERO AUINT) tiectes 2 ave, okes'= =p ean, arch ohale nee rete ereioa 39 CHIEN. Sopaqtopanooeobaabomnn yates 40 GANCEOVAT IA pe sieyater crore srs «ico arree acelareiaen 40 (CRTC Re non sip pOreoeeroep ocer Cocos 41 MUST Ae fare shale cienelc, fo viele vavaisvele tie phates ries 42 (CE Cla aco ao pnanoe dace boatodses 44 (CITRON enc acne CORO ottaTe 44 (SELDOM deer ietsiisters stirs vis site eine 53 MGCSE ANTEC ara let oYeVo-c\ous aie wet tisie’steie iss 54 SHIMANE NTIS? Ge sveissis.. Sieveare tie etdlars visisi2 54 HV SANTHEMIUM «lees tetelodu.s evens. 54 GUT STENT Vere cerencystovets toss levakoratetousieel araveretocs 56 Glematigg errr toes wee aceins a 57 (Ola ae reon cod nodtidamouooc. coveonor ahen 59 OLR AIMNES I eos: 1s averse etaretive wecte sie) OO (710) CeO e ne. ob ae Boca cs Ironmen te 60 MOOT OS yet) 5 < siete hie eVesyaneraiee Susie wisioldiac 61 OAV TI GY hes aterearnyaYareveretajore-aiels e's. :sxexere 62 GRIMM ate cho -cs:4 colersicietowi ae bis v0 62 (CLOCUSI Mee claio\s «ais: « eve joiaialevela ars ws 8 ys 62 (CHO, Macc. 0:1 OO ROO HID Otte 63 (OMKIEY Se bio 00 COU U RCIEO Oe eae 63 Cyclamen arene a cotns iow nevas 64 Cytisus Shon 1 ces SOOO nee 65 CONTENTS. IDM aes. w oxen pint clo > CoBeBen De 65 DECORAbON Sw seme eae ereere eel e aveos 67 Decorative Material (Wild)........ 69 Decorative! Plants a. scsi selec 71 IDGWINAL) .oGeepoos oeonouS Ooene Gomes 73 LOGICS AOS oon eo ue cp OGRe oD ompeS 73 DME BoeeonnenoESoemeeUOOCodod 73 IDRIS Shoaabn Sent aotoM weCoUsers 75 1 BYTE) Ao) gal 2d Eh 0) IO CLO Orne 76 IDEN) Seosatoeenors. popnoepesonDd 80 SYST emer remsia ctetatc