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“Anr. Vi.—Florula Lexingtoniensis, sceundum florendi etatem di-
gesta; ora descriptive Catalogue of the Phanogamous plants in-
digenous to this portion of Kentucky; arranged in the order of
their periods of flowering. By Caanves Wirkiys Suort, M. D.
Professor of Materia Medica and Medical Botany in ‘Transyl-
vania University.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 265. No. I.
FASCICULUS II.
For April.
23. GerNUs. ACER L. Maple.
(Deriv. Latin; acer, sharp; pikes and lances having formerly been
made of the wood.)
Class 8th. OCTANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Ch. Flowers mostly polygamous. Culyx about 5—cleft.
Petals 5, or none. Samaras 2, united at base, 1 seeded,
winged.

Species Ist. Acer Saccuaninun. Sugar Maple.

Sp. Ch. Leaves palmately 5—lobed, subcordate at base, acu-
minate, glaucous beneath: peduneles corymbose, nodding.

Obs. The Sugar tree,as it is bere universally called, is one

of the most common of our forest trees, and perhaps in this

_particular locality, it attains its greatest altitude. As it does
not materially interfere with the growth of grasses beneath it,

itis often reserved in clearing ground, particularly in situations

intended for pasture or meadows. It here forms the densest

shade, and in autumn constitutes a prominent feature in the
landscape, by the bright orange and red colours assumed by its
leaves. Its wood is preferred to almost any other for fuel, and
large quantities of sugar are annually made from the sap.
Flowers about the first of April: seed ripen in midsummer.

Species 2d. Aerr Necunvo. Box Elder.
Sp. Ch. Leaves pinnate and ternate, unequally serrate ; flowers
dioicous.
VOL. 1. NO. Ul, 52

+OK Gn ey
3 8
*hase.2

408 Florula Lexingtoniensis.
Obs. Notso common as the preceding, bein nore Ss de
-ed to the borders of water courses. Itis in every of view

Jess valuable than the Sugar tree, although the sap is oceasion-
ally procured in common with that of the former, in the pakite
of sugar. Flowers at the same time.
Sabties 3d. Acer Dasycarpum. White Maple.
Sp. Ch. Leaves palmate, 5—lobed, acuminate, serrate, pubes-
cent underneath, and almost white; flowers in lua um-
bels; germs tomentose.

Obs. This tree, which in its general habit rescaillil
Sugar Maple, is however easily distinguished from Hes the |
lizhter and smoother colour of the bark, and the singular the:
whiteness of the leaves. It attains as large a size and is valua- ~
ble as fuel and for some of the mechanic arts. Sugar is also :
made from its sap, but it is now rarely met with in this neigh-
bourhood.

24. Genus. VERONICA. L. Speedwell.

(Deriv. Probably a corruption of Vetonica, or Betonica, Betony.)
Class 2d. DIANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Ch. Calyx 4—parted. Corolla rotate, 4—lobed, unequal,
the lower segment narrower. Capsule 2-celled, obcordate;
seeds few. ,

Species ist. Veronica PeRiGRINa. Neckweed.

Sp. Ch. Flowers solitary sessile; /eaves oblong, rather ebtuse,
toothed and entire; stem erect.

Obs. Stem erect or partially procumbent, round, smooth,
frequently without branches, 8 inches high. ‘The lowest leven
opposite, sparsely toothed; the upper alternate, linear-lanceo-
late, nearly entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile.
Corolla small, white and, like both the following, very cadu-
cous. Capsule inversely heart-shaped and larger than either
of the succeeding species.—The plant has had some reputation
in scrofula, hence the name of Neckweed. Flowers middle of
March and after. Abundantin gardens and cultivated fields.
Species 2d. Veronica SERPYLLIFOLIA. Speedwell.
Sp. Ch. Raceme terminal, somewhat spiked; leaves ovate gla-

brous, crenate. |

Obs. A small plant common in grass lots, and scarcely dis-
tinguishable except when in bloom; stem decumbent, putting
forth radicles; lower leaves roundish, ovate, smooth; flowers sky-

a> se ie
+ , _— =

Florida Lexingloniensis. 409

ith darker stripes, larger than in the preceding species,
borne on the summit of the stem: whole plant does not ex-
6 inches in height, frequently less. Flowers from Ist of
ay ril to the last of that month,and occasionally throughout the
b 1 nh.
) 1 ies Sd. Veronica AGReEsTIS. Germander.
Sp. Ch. Flowers solitary, and with the cordate leaves nearly
é sessile; stem rough, hairy.

Obs. This species is readily distinguished from either of the
preceding by its more hispid appearance, and its more diffused

_- and branching habit. The flower is also smaller and of a deep-
er blue than the preceding. The leaves are mostly opposite,

cordate, ovate, notched, strongly veined particularly on the low-
. er surface, and very pubescent. Cultivated fields and pastures
ry 4 — « is —
; common: flowering rather later than the last, 5th—10th of

April. .
| sf f 25. Genus. CARPINUS. L,
rma

eriv: Celtic, Car, wood, and pin, head; i. e, wood suitable for
making yokes for cattle. De Theis by Darl.)
Class 21st. MONOECIA.—Order. POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Ch. Masc. Scales of the calyx ciliated. Stamina about
10. Fem. Calyx scales 2-flowered. Corolla trifid. Nut
ovate, sulcate.

»« Species 1st. Carpixus Americana. Tron-wood.
Sp. Ch. Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, unequally serrate ; strc-

bile with 3—parted scales, the middle segment oblique,
toothed on one side.

Obs. The Iron-wood, by which name this tree is here always
called, isso well known as to require no deseription. In other

rtions of the union it is called Hornbeam. It is found

roughout this state among other forest trees and is perhaps
especially abundant in the country about Lexingion, growing
generally to the height of 20 or 40 fect.—The woed is posses-
sed of great hardness and strength, but is not applied to many
useful purposes. Flowers beginning of April.

Syn. ©. Caroliniana. Wait.

26. Genus. OSTRYA. Micheli.

| (Derive. Ostreon. “Greck¢n shell or scale; from the resemblance of”
_ its capsules. De Theis.) ,
ee

410 Florula Lexingtoniensis.
Class 21st. MONOECIA. Order, POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Ch. Ament imbricated. Masc. Ca/lyzx consisting of scales-
Filament of the stamina ramose, Frm. dmentnaked. Cap-
sules inflated, imbricated at the base, 1-seeded.

Species 1st. Ostrava Vircrnica. Hop-hornbeam-

Sp. Ch. Leaves ovate-obtong, cordate at the base, acuminate,
unequally serrate; strobile oblong-ovate, erect ? buds acute.

Obs. This small tree which is also called [ronwood in the
Northern and Eastern States, is readily distinguished from the
former by its somewhat shaggy bark and differently formed stro-
biles, or seed vessels: these in the present tree being so similar
to those of the garden hop as to have given it the appropriate
name of Hop-hornbeam. _ It is likewise frequent in this locality
being found in company with the preceding. Its wood is alse
hard and strong; but the size of the trce being inconsiderable, it
is susceptible of no very useful application. Flowers about the
ist of April.

Syn. Carpinus Ostrya Mich.
27. GENUS. PULMONARIA. IZ

(Deriv. Pulmones the lungs, from its former reputation in diseases
of these organs.)

Class 5th. PENTANDRIA. Order, MONOGYNIA-

Gen. Ch. Calyx prismatic 5—angled, 5—toothed: Corolla fun-
nel-formed, border 5—lobed; throat pervious.

Species 1st. Putmonaria VirGinica. American Cowslip.

Sp. Ch. Smooth; stem erect; calyx much shorter than the tube
of the corolla; radical leaves ob-ovate, oblong, obtuse; stem
feaves narrower.

Obs. This very showy plant, so common in most parts of the
Union, is comparatively rare in this immediate vicinity, being only
occasionally met withon the alluvion banks of Elkhorn and Ken-
tucky river. Stem 12-15 inches high with numerous broad,
smooth, spathulate leaves issuing from the root, and becoming
narrower on the stem. Flowers numerous in a terminal, pendu-
lous raceme; their colour varying from pale rose, through violet
toblue. April ist to 15th.

- Van

Florula Lexingtomensis. 4it

a ae
> 28. Genus. DELPHINIUM. I.

Delphinion of the ancient Greeks, from some fancied
ance of its nectary, to the Dolphin. Smith.)

Class 12th, POLYANDRIA—Order, TRIGYNIA.

Gen. Ch. Calyenone. Petals 5. Nectartum I—cleft, base ex-
tending intoa hollow spur. Capsules 1—3.

Species 1st. Denrnintum Tricorne. Wild Larkspur.

Sp. Ch. Caulis simple. Leaves 5—parted many-clefit with
the segments linear; raceme straight; nectary shorter than
the corolla; capsules 3, arched, expanding from the base.

Obs. The striking similarity of this plant, to the com-
mon Larkspur of the gardens at once points it out to the no-
vice. Stem hollow, large at the base, tapering quickly toa
point at the summit; rarely more than a foot high. Tlowers
varying in colour from dark blue to light blue, purple pink and
white, are succeeded by three, horn-shaped capsules, whence
the specific name. Found on creek sides, particularly prefer-
ring rocky precipices. Ist to the 10th of April.

This is one of the plants which are indefinitely called stagger-
weed; to eating which the diseases of cattle are sometimes at-

- tributed.

29.. Genus. SEDUM. -

(Deriv. Latin Sedere to sit, from its growing or sitting on the surface
of rocks.)

Class 10th. DECANDRIA—Order, PENTAGYNIA.
Gen. Ch. Calyx 5—cleft. Petals 5. Capsules 5, superior, ma-
ny seeded, opening internally.
Species 1st. Sepum Ternatoum. Stone-crop.
Sp. Ch, Creeping; leaves flat, round spathulate, by threes;
cyme generally 3-spiked; flowers white.

Obs. This handsome little vegetable is apt to mislead begin-
ners in the study of plants, from the circumstance of many of
the flowers being octandrous, and the calyx, petals and germs
being arranged by 4s instead of 5s as laid down in the generic
character. ‘The most of the species of this genus, however,
are strictly decandrous, and indeed the central flower of the

resent species is so always. Root perennial; stem procum-
bent ;—lower leaves orbicular; upper lanceolate; all thick and

412 Florula Lexingioniensis.

succulent. On the shelving rocks bordering Elkhorn. Flowers
beginning of April.
Syn. Sedum Poriulacoides, MuAl.

Species 2d. Sepum Putcuerium.
Sp. Ch. Glabrous, stems assurgent; leaves linear, succulent,
obtuse; cyme many-spiked; flowerssessile.

Obs. Mainly differing from the preceding in the leaves which
are linear and cylindrical. Found in company with it on moist
rocks and sometimes on the trunks of decaying trees. Owing
to this circumstance it is frequently mistaken for a moss by those

unacquainted with its character. Flowers a little after the

former.

30. Genus. VIOLA. L. Violet.

(Deriv. A Latin name of obscure Greek derivation.)

Class 5th. PENTANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNTFA.

Gen. Ch. Calyx 5-leaved, produced at the base. Corolla 5-
petalled, irregular, the lower petal cornute behind. Anihers
cohering: Capsule superior 3-valved, 1 celled.

Species 1st. Viowra Cucuniara. Hooded Violet. /

Sp. Ch. Stemless; deaves cordate, somewhat acute, glabrous,
hooded at base; flowers inverted; petals obliquely bent.

Obs. This is with us the most abundant of the violets, as well
as the first to bloom; the whole surface of moist meadows and
pastures being cover ed with them in the fore part of April.—
Petals blue and pu rple, white at base: the base of upper one
with violet-coloured veins; of the two lateral bearded; of the
lower smooth. Peduncles ‘longer than the leaves with ie sum-
mit reflexed. Stipules linear—Ist to 15th April.

Syn. Viola cordata, Walt.

Species 2d. Vioia Osriaua. Aiton.

Sp. Ch. Stemless; smooth; leaves cordate, acute, flat, crenate,
serrate; flowers 5 ee bent; lateral petals bearded; ine
rior ones acute, carinate; ities lanceolate.

Obs, This species is by no means easily distinguished tea
the preceding, with which it is found in common. It is, how-
ever, a larger plant, and minute examination will detect specific
differences in the leaves, petioles, stipules and flowers. (See

&

/

Plorula Lexingtonicnsise 413

Schweinitz’s monograph on the genus Viola in American Jour-

*

| Science and Arts, Vol. 5, No. 1.)

ies 3d. Viota Ocuroievca? Schw. White Violet.

Sp. Ch. Caulescent. Stem somewhat erect, branched, pur-
plish, smooth; eaves cordate, acuminate; stipules oblong-
lanceolate, dentate-ciliate.

Obs. The present species, about which there seems some
obscurity in the books to which I have referred, is easily recog-
nized from its congencrs of this locality, by its large, white
flowers, with a tinge of yellow. It is found in common with
the two preceding, and forms dense patches among the grass in
moist situations. As the season advances it rises with a slender
flexuose stem to the height of 8—12 inches, and then produces
inconspicuous, apetalous flowers.

Syn. V. Siriata. Wild. Pers. Pursh. Nutt.

Species 4th. Viora Hasrara. Yellow Violet.

Sp. Ch. Caulescent smooth; stem simple, leafy above; leaves
hastate, on very long petioles; st;pu/es minute, ciliate denti-
culate.

Obs. This, although much less frequently met with than
either of the preceding, is easily distinguished from themby the
deep yellow colour of its flowers. Rare in this neighbourhood,
being only occasionally found in shaded woods. Flowers du-
ring the fore part of April.

Species 5th. Vioita Conconor. Muhl.

Sp. Ch. Caulescent. Stem straight erect; leaves cuneate-
lanceolate ; stipules lanceolate entire; peduncles very short,
axillary, 2-3 flowered; pefals connivent, emarginate: spur
none.

Obs. This anomalous species, which appears to me very
unnaturally grouped with the violets, is also very rare in this
section of eetaicky. I have only met with it in a solitary, se-
eluded, rocky spot lying to the left of, and near the Woodford
road. Several stems issuing from asingle root, arise erect and
unbranched to the height of 1 or 2 feet, bearing lance-shaped,
pointed leaves. The flowers are small and greenish-coloured,
produced in 2s and 3s at the axills of the upper leaves about
the 10th of April. The whole habit of the plant, however, is
so unlike that of the genus. as casily to mislead the student.

414 Florula Lexingloniensi.

Other species of this extensive tribe are no doubt to be found
in the neighbourhood of Lexington: as yet however I have de-
tected only the above. In other parts of the state six or eight
additional species have been met with.

31. GeEnus. LEONTODON.. L. Dawelion.
(Deriv. Greek Leon a lion and odous a tooth; from a fancied re-
semblance in the teeth of the leaves.)
Class 19th. SYNGENESIA—Order, /EQUALIS.
Gen. Ch. Calyx oblong, double; outer one loose. Receptacle
naked; pappus feathered.
Species 1st. Leonropon ‘Taraxacum.
Sp. Ch. Outer scales of the calyx reflexed; scapes 1-flowered;
leaves runcinate.

Obs. No portion of the Union is more completely overrun
by this naturalized foreigner than this section, being so abun-

dant as to give a yellowish hue to pastures in early spring (Ist of
April) from the profusion of its flowers.

(Specific name derived from the Greek tarasso to move, or trouble,
from its reputed diuretic and laxative properties.)
32. GEXUS. POLEMONIUM. Ls
(Deriv. According to Pliny derived from Greek, Polemos, war: be-
cause Kings had contended for the honor of its discovery.)
Class 5th. PENTANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

- Gen. Ch. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla somewhat rotate, 5-lobed,
tube short, closed at its base by 5 staminiferous valves or
scales. Stigma trifid. Capsule 3-celled, superior.

Species 1st. PoLremonium Reprans. Jacob’s-ladder.

Sp. Ch. Leaves pinnate, generally by sevens: flowers terminal
nodding.

Obs. ‘This beautiful native well deserves a place in all flow-

er-gardens; it bears transplantation well and improves by cul
tivation. It isa hi ardy plant and, with a little protection, may
be made to bloom throughout the winter. Its fav orite localities
are in rich shaded situations among rocks and decaying logs,
where its spikes of sky-blue flowers, with white anthers, appear

about the 19th of April. There is a variety with white flow-
ers.

Se

am

iw. Greek Phlox, fire or flame, in allusion to the n the

) | ae ‘. hag
| Class 5th. ~PENTANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

Ch. Cal - deeply 5-cleft, segments mnivent. Corolla _
_salver-formed ; border 5-lobed, flat; tube more or less curved.
Stamina unequal. Capsule subrotund, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. ©
“ Species Ist. Pavox Diyaricata?: - Sweet William. 4
Sp. Ch. Stem Jow, pubescent, decumbent; leaves oval-lanceo-

ersally opposite, sessile, and few in number. Flowers in
a terminal panicle. pale blue or more frequently rose-coloured. a
- Generally known under the name of Sweet William or May wt
Pink. Abundant in half reclaimed lands and borders of fields, :
10th to 20th April. ; !

34 Gexus. CERASTIUM. LL.
& rit. a eration, a little hom, in allusion to the shape of the

Class 10th. DECANDRIA—Order, PENTAGYNIA. 3
Gen. Ch. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5,bifid or emarginate. Capsule
l-celled, bursting at the summit with 10 teeth.

ies Ist. Crnastium Hirsutum. Mouse-ear Chickweed.
: y Very hairy, diffuse; /eaves oval obtuse, connate ; flow-
Nad rs clustered; petals 2-cleft a little longer than the acute
calyx, Ell,
Mr. Elliott’s ststcrighion suits this plant remarkably ¥
as it obtains with us. Very much. branched and villous.
ms rarely rising more than 6-8 inches from the ground.
lowers inconspicuous, rarely fully expanded, small, white.
Common in cultivated ground; in grass land frequently assuming
Qyellowish colour. Flowers middle of April. #
VOL. Il. NO. itl. 53

A16 Florula Lexingioniensis.

Species 2d. Crrastium Longk-PEDUNCULATUM. ©
Sp. Ch. Viscid-pubescent; leaves oblong-linear, aeute; pediun-
cles long.

Obs. Altogether a larger plant'than the preceding, rising
sometimes to the height of 12inches, but more frequently semi-
procumbent. The whole plant is remarkably viscid to the
touch, and is strongly characterized by the circumstan hich ,
affords the specific name, viz. the unusual length of the pe-
duncles. Found in corimon with the former but much more
rare. Flowers a few days later.

Syn. C. Glutinosum. Nutt. C. Nutans. . Torrey.
35. Genus. ERIGERON. Ficabane.

(Deriv. Greek Er, the spring, and geron, an old man; because it gt
hoary in the spring. Sy.)

Class 19th. SYNGENESIA—Order, SUPERFLUA. —

Gen. Ch. Calyx imbricate. Florcts of the ray linear, very nu-
merous. Pappus double; extcrior minute; interior hairy, of
few rays. Receptacle naked.

Species 1st. [ricrron BeLiipiroLium.

Sp. Ch. Hairy, gray, radical leaves obovate, spathulate, sub-
serrate: stem leaves remote, oblong-ovate, amplexicaul, en-
tire; stems 3-5-flowered; rays nearly twice as long as the
hemispherical calyx. Torrey.

Obs. The present species, as it oceurs in this vicinity, differs
from the foregoing description in having the lower stem-leaves
coarsely though irregularly toothed, while the upper ones -
only are entire or untoothed. ‘The number of flowers also
exceed that mentioned in the specific description, being often
as numerous as 8-10. ‘The flowers begin to shew themselves
about the 10th of April, when the plant is only 3-4 inches high,
and continue unfolding, until it has attained the height of 18
or 24 inches, The central flower, as observed by Mr. Elliott,
is generally larger than the lateral ones—their colour varying
from delicate pink to white—in pastures and meadows abun-
dant.

Species 2d. Eritceron PuinapELpaicum. il ¥

Sp. Ch. Pubescent; leaves cuneate-oblong, cauline semi-am-
plexicaul; rays capillary.

ad Ci, ce,

. '
Moruta Lexing toniensis. 417
Obs. A much taller specics than the preceding, growing 3-

all white or pale purple flowers, with yellow disks. This

\ ann high, very much branched and covered with a profusion
\

}

is one of the greatest pests of the farmer, frequently so complete-

ly overrunning meadows as to destroy the hay. Some repute

it medicinal, attributing to it tonic and sudorific properties.

Flowers later than the last, and continues in bloom much longer.
36. Genus. PHACELIA. Jussieu.

(Deriv. Greek, Phakelos, a bundle, from its cluster’d manner of
flowering.)

Class 5th. PENTANDRIA—Crder, MONOGYNTA.
Gen. Ch. Calyp S-cleft. Corolla 5-clefi. Stamens exerted.
Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 4-seeded. Ell.
Species 1st, Puaceusa Finpriata.
Sp. Ch. Leaves pinnatifid, the lobes undivided; segments of

the coro//afimbriate. Li.

Obs. This plant, abundant throughout the western country,
has at first glance the aspect and mode of flowering of an hy-
drophyllum. ‘The whole part is hispid, the lower leaves some '
what petioled, the upper sessile or amplexicaul; all alternate
and pinnatifid. Flowers of a pale blue are borne in asimple
terminal raceme, revolute before flowering, become erect af-
terwards. Calyx persistent. Style 2-cleft. Grows in clumps;
outer branches semi-prostrate; central more erect, rising to
the height of 10-12inches. Moist meadows—flowers from the
middle of April.

37. Genus. CERCIS. L.
(Deriv. Greek kerkis of Theophrastus.)
Class 10th. DECANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.
Gen. Ch. Calyx 5-toothed, gibbous at base. Corolla papilio-
naceous, with a short vexillum under the wings. Seed vessel
a legume.
Species 1st. Cencis. Canapensis. Red Bud.
Sp. Ch. Leaves nearly round, cordate, acuminaic, villous at
_ the axils of the nerves, legumes on short foot-stalks,
Obs. The Red-bud, by which name it is universally known

in this country, does not oceur spontaneously in the !evel rich
lands immediately round Lexington; but as the face of the

418 Plorula Lexingtoniensis.

country becomes more broken on approaching the Kentucky
river, it is met with in great abundance; constituting, by the
profusion of its pale rose-colour’d flowers, a pleasing object in
early spring, before any of the forest trees have put forth their
leaves. It never rises, even in the best soil, to any conside-
rable elevation, but when growing singly its branehes extend
horizontally to a great extent in proportion to its height. The
flowers appear generally by the 12th of April and are succeed-
ed bya great number of pods, borne on short pesncles and
the tree becomes clothed, towards the 1st of May, with large
heart-shaped leaves of a rich dark green.

38. Genus. FRAXINUS. L. Ash Tree.
(Deriz. The Latin name of the Ash Tree: Etymology obscure. Darl.)
Class 2d. +DECANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNTA.

Gen. Ch. Polygamous: Calyx none, or 4-parted. Corolla
none, or 4-petalled. Samara 1t-seeded: wing lanceolate.

Species ist. Fraxtnus AMERICANA. White Ash.
Sp. Ch. Leaflets petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly

toothed, glaucous beneath. .

Obs. This is one of the largest as well as the most useful of
our forest trees; growing frequently to the height of 80 feet
witha diameter of 3 feet; andapplicable tomany useful purposes
in building, the mechanic arts and rural economy. It is readi-
ly distinguished from the Blue 4sh, with which it is found in
common, by its whiter, ash-coloured bark. Flowers about the
middle of April, andis abundantly met with on the richer lands -
throughout the state.

Syn. F. Discolor, Muhl. F. Alba. Marshall. F. Acumi-
nata. Pursh. ,

Species Qd. Fraxinus QuADRANGULATA. Blue Ash.
Sp. Ch. Leaflets subsessile, oval-lanceolate, serrate, pubescent
underneath: younger branches quadrangular.
Obs. ‘The blue ash is more limited in its geographical range
than the preceding species; but in this locality it is equally
abundant and attains nearly if not quite to as largea size. Its

is applicable toa great variety of uses. Flowers about the s

a
d ol

Its >
wood unites strength with durability and elasticity and ee * |

time with the former.
Species 3d. FRaxinus SAMBUCIFOLIA. Black Ash.

L.

4’
all

Floruta Levingtonienst. 419

— Leaflets sessile, oval-lanceolate, serrate, acuminate,
rounded and unequal.

Obs. This is also a large tree, but. much less frequent than ei-
r of the preceding, in this neighbourhood ; in the western part

either, and is made to supply the purposes of both. Its wood,
however, peng» marked with black streaks makes it more unfit
t is

flooring. x moreover, to be less durable than the
© species just mentioned.
39. Gexvs. LAURUS. L.

(Deriv. The ancient Latin name of the Bay tree: Origin obscure.
Darl.)
Class 9th. ENNEANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

Gen. Ch. Calyx none. Corolla resembling a calyx, 4-6 parted.
Nectary with 3 two-awned glands surrounding the germ.

_ Stamina variable, 3 to 14. Drupe 1-seeded.

Species 1st. Laurus Benzo. Spicewood.

Sp. Ch. Leaves obovate, lanceolate, pubescent underneath:
flowers in clustered umbels: buds and pedicels smooth.

o.. The Spicewood is a common shrub throughout the
ion; and is here met with in all ‘shaded, rich woods where
the undergrowth has not been destroyed; preferring mostly
situations near small streams of water. lts little, yellow, clus-
tered flowers appear towards the middle of April or earlier,
before any appearance of foliage is observed on the branches,
and are succeeded by numerous bright red berries. The bark
of the wood is pleasantly aromatic and is sometimes used in
warm infusion as a diaphoretic.

ies 2d. Lavurus SassaPRAs. Sassafras.
Ch. Mostly dioicous; leaves some oval and entire, others
id > °
A *

ree, although very abundant in some portions
met with any where within a few miles of
In approaching the Kentucky river, within the
ounty of Fayette, it is seen growing in fence

rners, having sprung up since the clearing of the land: and on
alluvions and hills bordering that river large trees of 12-18
inches diameter are frequently secn. Flowers generally to-
wards eddie of April. in somewhat the same manner with

r the State, on the contrary, it becomes more abundant than.

-

420 Florula Lexingtoniensiss

the Spicewood: its fruit however is larger and of a blue colour.
Popular opinion has long since attributed much virtue to the
bark of the Sassafras root; and medical countenance is fre-
quently given to the idea of its being a purifier of the blood.

By some botanists these two species of Laurus are thrown into
a sub-genus called Ewosmus, from their pleasant aroma.

40. Gexus PHALANGIUM. Tournefort. Wild Hyacinth.

(Deriv. A Greek name of a plant, mentioned by Dioscorides, de-
rived perhaps from phalage, a phalanx or legion, in allusion to the
number and disposition of its flowers.)

Class 6th. HEXANDRIA—COrder, MONOGYANIA,

Gen. Ch. Corolla of six petals, spreading. laments naked or
smooth, Capsule ovate. Seeds angular.

Species 1st. Praranerum Escurentum. Nuttall.
Sp. Ch. Root bulbous, leaves all radical, linear, carinate; stigma
minutely 3-cleft.

Ots. This is decidedly one of the most beautiful of our in-
digenous plants; throwing up from the centre ofa tuft of smooth
grass-like leaves, along solitary stem 1 to 2 fect high, sheathed
below by a few convoluted bractes, and clothed at the summit
by a number of large purple or pale-blue flowers, 10 or 12 of
which are in perfection at a time; these slowly shrivelling, (mar-
cescent,) others are evolved, so as to keep up a succession of
bloom for several days. The root, which is bulbous and situated
deep in the ground, is eatable and nutritious—Frequent in moist
meadows in certain localities, but generally disappearing upon
culture—F lowers from the 20th of April.

Syn. Scilla Esculenta. Bot. Mag.

Phalangium Quamash. Pursh.

Al. Genus. ASARUM. Tip

(Deriv. The Latin name of a plant, spoken of by Pliny.)

Class 11th. DODECANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.
Gen. Ch. Calyx 3—4 cleft, superior, persistent. Corolla none.

Anthers adhering to the sides of the filaments. Capsule 6-cel-

led.
Species 1st. Asanum CaNADENSE. Wild Ginger.
Sp. Ch. Leaves 2, broad-reniform: celyv woolly, deepiy 3-part

ed, reflexed. -

' | Fiorula Levingtoniensis. 42

Obs. ‘The wild ginger is readily detected, by its two large
kidney-shaped leaves, supported on long footstalks, and covered
ith a velvet softness,—by its solitary and singular flower issuing
fom the axil of the two leaves; and by the aromatic odour, of
root, which has given it its common name. Occasionally
abundant in rich shaded woods among rocks: flowering about the
20th of April.
~ We have followed Michaux, Muhlenberg and Fllioft in pecs
. this plant inthe class Dodecandria, although by Pursh, Nuttall,
Barton and Torrey it is ranked under Gynandria; and by Dar-
- lington in Polyandria.
Syn. A. Carolinianum. Walt.

42, Genus. CAULOPHYLLUM. Mo.

(Deriv. Greek Kaulos, a stem and phyllon, a leaf: from the re
semblance of the stem to aleaf-stalk. Michaux.)

Class 6th HEXANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.

’ Gen. Ch. Calyx 3—6 leaved. Corolla 6-petalled, with a sub-
reniform nectary oneach claw. Berry stipitate, 1-seeded.

Species 1st. CauLopuyLtum THALICTROIDES. Pappoose-root.

Sp. Ch. Glabrous; leaves supradecompound; leaflets oval, ter-
minal one 3-lobed.

Obs. This, the only species of the genus, was once abundant
throughout this country, but has now almost disappeared from
the more cultivated districts, and is consequently rare about
Lexington, being only met with ia the more secluded and un-
frequented woodlands. It grows to the height of 12 or 18 inches,
producing asingle triternate compounded leaf; and a panicle of
small greenish-yellow flowers, succeeded by dark-blue_ berries
which are covered with a mealy powder.

Under the name of Pappoose-root this plant has had some medi-

eal virtues ascribed to it.—Flowers towards the latter part of
: April: berries ripe in June.
Syn. Leontice Thalictroides. Willd.
43, Genus. AESCULUS. L.
e (Deriv, Latin Esea. food: the fruit of some of the species being
nd esculent.)

Class 7th. HEPTANDRIA—Order, MONOGYNIA.
Gen. Ch. Calyx 1-leaved, 4—5 toothed, ventricose. Corolla

oo oe

. /
429 Florula Lexingtoniensis. &

4—5 petalled. Petals unequal i inserted upon Weal =
sule 3-celled. Seeds large, solitary.

Species 1st. AEscutus Paruipa. Common Bidlleye
Sp. Ch. Leaflets by 5s: corolla 4-petalled: stamina mostly 7,
twice the length of the corolla: fruit spinous. Pursh. |
Obs. ‘This species is abundant throughout the forests in t

rich lands of Kentacky. It isa tree of but ordinary stature,
for the most part of crooked growth, remarkable for the

in the spring, and the earliest to cast its leaves in the fall. "The

fruit is a large nut ofa bright brown colour with a very remark-—

able hilum or eye, which has given the tree its common name: itis
sometimes eaten by cattle, and often with fatal effects: Flowers
about the 20th of April, and is then a very beautiful os
fruit ripens in September.

Syn. Pavia Lutea. Mich. fil.
Svecies 2d. AEscunus Fuava. Sweet Buckeye.

Sp. Ch. Leaves by 5s, pubescent underneath near the midrib,
equally serrulate: corolla 4-petalled, with the claws of the con-
~ hivent petals longer than the calyx: fruit unarmed. “

Aen

Obs. A much larger and straighter tree than the preceding,
but less abundant than it, being in this locality confined to the
alluvion bottoms of the Kentucky river. Unlike the former the
wood of the sweet buckeye is susceptible of being applied to
many useful purposes.—The flowers are unfolded towards the
end of April and are succeeded by smooth cane containing
-one or three large seeds.

Syn. Pavia Ohioensis? Mich. fil. Sylva. Anon |
STELLARIA. (See Genus 4.)

Species 2d. Sreviaria Pupera. Starwort.
Sp. Ch. Pubescent; leaves sessile, ovate, ciliate; pedicels erect;
a
petals longer than the calyx. ° wa

Obs. This species differs from the S. Media, before mention-
ed, in its less branching. and more erect habit. A single stem
rises to the height of 6-8 inches, bearing a few comparatiy
large flowers. ” Rare; in eedlinniic Flowers 20th Apa rf

(TO BE CONTINUED.) ft

~

ie
CONTENTS OF NO. IT.
> ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.

.1. A Valedictory Address delivered in the Chapel of
T ia University, to the Medical Graduates at

’ a” the encement on the 12th of March, 1828.
So am By Cuaries WiLkrINs Suorr, M. D. Dean of the
ad ” San Medical Faculty. --- Page
Il. An Essay on Milk-sickness. By Léivous Pirrs
a ae. Yanpext, M. D. of Murfreesborough, ‘Tennessee.
¥ Il. SingularCases, By Cuartes Catpwett, M. D. Pro-
, _. fessor of the institute of Medicine and Clinical
| : Practice, in Transylvania University. -
a IV. On the Chemical changes that take place in the Blood,
‘e during Respiration, and the causes of Animal Heat.

Pe By James Buiytue, D. D. Professor of naar ms in
as Transylvania University.
_V. An Essay on Autumnal Diisised By Span Esran
Cooke, M. D. Professor of the Theory and Practice
iS of Medicine in Transylvania University. . -
VI. Florula Lexingtoniensis, secundum florendi etatem di-
gesta; or a descriptive Catalogue of the Phenogam-
7 ous plants indigenous to this portion of Kentucky;
arranged in the order of their flowering. By CuaRruEs
Wurkrns Snort, M. D. Professor of Materia Medi-
: _caand Medical Botany in Transylvania Un ssiteme
; ‘Fasciculus Il, For April,
y VI. On the Diseases which appeared in Bens oliity : Ten-
nessee, in the summer and fall of 1827 and a brief
account of their treatment, with remarks on the wea-
: _ ther during the same. By Jony Travis, M. D. of
| . - _Henry County, ‘Tennessee. -
VIII. Case of Hysteria attended with some pabetihineitiet. By
I ~ James Conaurst Cross, M.D. of Courtland, Ala.
fs IX. Case of Retroversion of the Uterus relieved by extract
- of Belladonna and Laudanum. By Dr. Jonmn Mitts,
: _ of Winchester, Kentucky. - - - -
_X. Cases of Lithotomy ; with observations. By Lunsrorp
“ Prrrs Yanpet, M.D. of Murfreesborough, Ten.

_ XI. Review of “Medical and Physical Memoirs, (New Se-
a ‘ ries.) By Cuartes Catpwe tt, M. D. Prof. &c.
AA “te Printed at the request of the Class: Lexingtan,

1827.” Codimunicated. - — -

phical notice of Dr. Freperick ae. »
gst Lexington, Kentucky. . - — - -
Es Mcteorologica] Journal from February to May 1828.

By Tuomas J. Marruews, A. M. Morrison Profes-
sor of Mathematics and Natural Selleeapipy in i
sylvania University, - -

308

309

321

329

0
oy)
co

407

434

4428

——<_ . =

PROPOSED WESTERN its coal ov sara |
HISTORY.

Weare much gratified to learn the intention of those able natura
Messrs, Maclure, Say and Lesueur, to publish at New Tarmony
ana, the following works. “=

J. A Work onthe Fishes of America, by Mr, Lvl 4 colour-

ed plates ineach number; at 40 cents per number.

2. A Work on American Shells, by Mr, Say, with 10 coloure

in each number, at $1,00 per ‘auuaber, *

3. Michaux’s Sylva Americana; the proposals for the republicat:

of which are thus announced by Mr. Maclure. Bet:

“Before I left Europe, [ found that a London book-seller was
the point of purchasing the whole edition of Micmaux’s Sytva Amr
cvaNaA from that author, with all the copper-plates, whiclmhe
struck off about two or three hundred copies, are as good as new
interfered, and bought the whole, because I thought it a stock-
that ought to be in all our libraries, as the only register of the
part of our forest trees; for after the cutting down of our woods, t
most useful only will be left in preservation, And likewise, eae
expense of publishing a new work, it is probable we shall never have
another so perfect, of which the London book-seller, taking the adyvan-
tage of his monopoly, would have made us pay dear; for, even when the
work was in the hands of the author, the London price was 10 guineas.
per copy.

Being in possession of all the copper-plates, capable of prmting ie
sands of copies—it is proposed to publish a new edition by subseri
tion, in Nos. of five plates, coloured after nature, at one dollar per J
It is further intended, to add a number of trees, omitted by Mighesa,
to make the work more complete—and to begin the paces when —
one hundred subscribers shall be obtained. ‘ a
Letters addressed to the editor of Michaux’s Sylva anita ew-
Harmony, Indiana, {post paid) with the names of them that wish a
come subscribers, wall be attended to. Agents will be appointed at ene ,
different places, when it shall be ascertained that the number of subscri-
bers will warrant the publication. rm

The Sytva Americana, of Michaux, is not only an Coie bo-
tanical descripticn of our forest trees, but contains considerable infor-
mation on the nature and quality of their wood, localities, mode of cul-
‘tivation, and uses they are put to, in the different States of the Union.
[New Harmony Disseminator,] ells

7
4

us,

JUST PUBLISHED at | Boston, Mass. and will be ready for subse
bers in the Western country, in the course of a few weeks, MEM 0! R
OF THE LIFE OF THE Rev. HORACE HOLLEY, L. L. a Te
President of Transylvania University. By Cuaruzs Canpwen
Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Clinical Practice
Institution, . a

The success which these memoirs have met with, in the A
States, has already rendered a second edition necessary to ie
demand.

2»
1a
$e

_ TRANSYLVANIA UNIVE
MEDICAL DBPARTUE

Tue Medical Lectures will commence, as usual, on the 1st Mor
end on the Ist Saturday of March. | Ws
BENJAMIN W. DUDLEY. M, D. On Anatomy and Surgery.)
CHARLES CALDWELL, M. D. Institutes and Clinical Practice: PEs
JOHN E. COOKE, M.D. Theory and Practice of Medicine, ete es.
WM. H. RICHARDSON, M. D. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women t
CHARLES W. SHORT, M. D. Materia Medica and Medical Bo
JAMES BLYTHE, D. L. Vuctiistry and Pharmacy. 3
Each Professor lookiten daily, Sabbaths excepted, "The Ticket te hah ‘
Surgical course is $20; each of the others B15. Matriculation with: sue t , “th
brary, $5. ‘The ‘iraduation fee $20. : a
Lexington, Ky. July 28th, 1828. C. W. SHORT, M.

eee ee ee SS SS SS eC SS

LATELY PUBLISHED,

A TREATISE OF PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS by Joun EC tom

M. D. Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine m Treney ene iversity..
2 Vols. 8vo. fine paper. Price Six Dollars. Z eae

This work may be had of Holdship & Son, Pittsburg; E. H. Flint, iis cinnati ;

bertson & Elliott, and Shepherd, Nashville, Tennessee; Wm. sabe win, M

Mansker’s Creek near Nashville; T. Brandon, Esq. Huntsville, Alabama; a1 it m.
“Rey

at the Library of the Medical College, Lexington. Kentucky.
Plaskitt & Co. or Armstrong, Baltimore; and Dr. S, M. Meek, Pesenle ied \labar

It will in the course of a month, be ‘deposited. with Carey, Lea do ent
5 “i : a
The Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the Associate Sciences, edited b
sors Cooke and Short assisted by the Medical Faculty of the School, is put
terly in numbers of 150 pages handsomely printed on good paper, ‘The tr:
matter chiefly original. The price is $3 00 im advance, or $4 00 at the end Pe
Those who wish to subscribe can have the numbers, from the beginning. y mt Be

NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. —

Azz communications for insertion, or on business of the Journal tol ‘ie
“The editors of the enater Journal of Medicine &c. Lexington, 2 u