Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. ispiece Front 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture ication Miscellaneous Publ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION No. 423 Washington, D. C. May 1942 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA BY oe THOMAS H. KEARNEY ROBERT H. PEEBLES LIBRAR RECEIV® ie AUG 121949 Collaborators B. $. Department of Agriciiture UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - += + = = Price $2.00 Flowering Plants and Ferns of Arizona By Tuomas H. Kwarney, principal physiologist, and Roperr H. PEEBLES, associate agronomist, Division of Cotton and Other Fiber Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, and collaborators CONTENTS Page - Page AimitnocuGti ON = ee ee ee Sees ee aa 1} Annotated list of the plants of Arizona, with Collaborators aes eee ee eee eee 2 1 CEN Sete eo ae ee ee > Ae oe RS 24 Blan fcheswOnksen= =e. S555 soe, 3 Btendophytass asf. iat ls ee ee eee 24 HW ConomictntoOrmagone = ee ee 5 SHOW MIME OO 2 45 Botanical exploration of Arizona_____________- Sy PAC end aes aaa ee secceeee ase E Ce ee oe _ 1034 Geographical relationships of the flora________- 7 | Literature consulted _ eS ee eee eee 1036 iiheiveretationoAni Zonas ease ee = : 10 Vegetation of Avizona_ 2.2) SiS. 1036 bvpesion veretation-= =e = = ig 12 Uses and popular interest - eee Pe 1037, Vegetation of the Grand Canyon_- =e PRS AUENG VSS: oe Se en ee eee eee ee (Yi INTRODUCTION Arizona ranks very high among the States in the richness and diver- sity of its flora. Approximately 3,200 species of flowering plants and ferns, growing without cultivation, are known to occur within its limits. Many other species have been collected so near the borders of Arizona that they are almost certain to be found in the State. Fur- thermore, much of the area has not yet been explored thoroughly, so it 1s highly probable that the Arizona flora will be found, eventually, to comprise not fewer than 3,500 species of higher plants, even with the conservative conception of what constitutes specific rank that the authors have sought to maintain. : The number of families of flowering plants represented in this flora is 121, in addition to 7 families of ferns and fern allies. The 10 fami- lies comprising the largest number of species are as follows: 5 Number of k Number of Family: species Family: species — Wompositdes =222 4.50 ose. 518 Poly,somaceaes= 2 4-521 __ 91 Graminede. 252500 Se 2c. . 22 325 Cyperacenes 25. =. 6s ee 89 MeguimraO sae 2 hems ees) 2 ele DSB Euphorbiaceae_ -_------_- RSD Scrophulariaceae-__-______-__-_ 108 Cactaceae _____-_-_- i eee SiG @rciferaes 2) = #222 =e eas) 2 97 Rocaceaictq-eee)_ = anh. pee (tA OG The leading families, it will be noted, are mainly those occupying this rank in other North American local floras and, to a large extent, in all temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The outstanding ex- ception is the family Cactaceae. No other State of the Union, save Texas, has so rich a representation of this group, and 11 of the 76 species occurring in Arizona have not. been found hitherto beyond its borders. It is surprising that there has never been a comprehensive publica- tion dealing with this extraordinarily interesting State flora. In the 1 Z MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE absence of such a publication, identification of plants collected in Arizona is very difficult, requiring access to an extensive herbarium and botanical library. Approximately two-thirds (67.2 percent) of the total area of the State is controlled by the Federal Government, 48.2 percent being administered by the Indian Service, Forest Service, National Park Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service, and 19 percent being classified as vacant public land. Many of the native plants of Arizona are economically important, and the scientific staffs of the services mentioned, as well as of other branches of the Federal Govern- ment, frequently require accurate identification of plants collected by them. It therefore seems appropriate that the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture should undertake publication of a flora of Arizona. COLLABORATORS Authorities on many difficult families and genera have contributed treatments of their specialties, adding greatly to the value of this publication. The writers are most grateful for the collaboration of ae botanists, whose names, and the group or subject contributed, follow: Benson, Lyman, University of Arizona. Genus Ranunculus. Blake, 8. F., Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Family Compositae. Epling, Carl, University of California at Los Angeles. Family Labiatae. Ewan, Joseph, University of Colorado. Genus Delphinium. Hermann, F. J., Division of Plant: Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Genus Juncus. Hitcheock, C. Leo, University of Washington. Genus Draba. Johnston, I. M., Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. Family Boraginaceae. Keck, David D., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Genus Penstemon. Killip, Ellsworth P., Smithsonian Institution. Genus Passiflora (key). Mathias, Mildred E., and Constance, Lincoln, University of California. Family Umbelliferae. Maxon, William R., Smithsonian Institution. Ferns and fern allies. McVaugh, Rogers, Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Family Cam- panulaceae. - Morton, C. V., Smithsonian Institution. Genera Datura and Nicotiana (keys). Muller, Cornelius H., Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Genera Quercus and Choisya. Munz, Philip A., Pomona College. Family Onagraceae. Rollins, Reed C., Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University. Genus Arabis. Shreve, Forrest, Carnegie Institution of Washington. ‘The vegetation of Arizona. Stacey, J. W., California Academy of Sciences. Genus Carez. Svenson, H. K., Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Genus Eleocharis. Swallen, Jason R., Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Family Gramineae. Wheeler, Louis C., University of Pennsylvania. Family. Euphorbiaceae. Wherry, Edgar T., University of Pennsylvania. Genus Phloz. Yuncker, T. G., DePauw University. Genus Cuscuta. The writers also wish to express their sincere appreciation of the courteous assistance rendered by the curators of herbaria and members of the botanical staff of the following institutions: National Her- barium, Smithsonian Institution; the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture; Gray Herbarium, Harvard University; New York Botanical Garden; Field Museum; Missouri Botanical Garden; Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming; Uni- versity of Arizona; Museum of Northern Arizona; Desert Botanical FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA ec Laboratory, Tucson, Ariz.; Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Acriculture, Tucson, Ariz.; National Park Servi ice, United States Department of Interior, Grand Canyon, Ariz.; Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences; University of California; Stanford Uni- versity ; Pomona College. C. V. Morton, of the Smithsonian Institution, has kindly reviewed the manuscript and has contributed many helpful suggestions. Finally, to Mrs. Rose E. Collom, Payson, Ariz., the writers are in- debted for the privilege of using her manuscript notes on the habitat, time of flowering, and economic uses of Arizona plants. PLAN OF THE WORK Keys are provided to the families, the genera of each family, and the species of each genus. These are for the most part artificial. Each pair of contrasting paragraphs in a key has the same indention and the same introductory number (at the left) and this number is not again repeated in the same key. Each paragraph ends (at the right) with the name of a family, genus, or species, or else with a number in parentheses, the latter indicating the pair of paragraphs next to be referred to. Thus, if the characterization in the first paragraph numbered 1 does not apply to the plant in hand, the user of the key goes on to the second paragraph numbered 1. If this ends in a number in parentheses, for example (4), the two paragraphs numbered 4 are to be referred to next, and so on, until a paragraph ending in a name and corresponding to the plant in hand is reached. The sequence of families, genera, or species in the keys usually does not correspond to their sequence in the text, but the number preceding the name of the family, genus, or species in the key indicates its posi- tion in the text. Thus, in the key to the families of seed-producing plants (Spermatophyta) “5. Naiadaceae’’ stands third in the key, but is the fifth family in the = Brief descriptions are given of each family and genus; these, as well as the characterizations in the keys, being worded, in the main, so as to apply only to forms occurring in Arizona. Limitation of space has made it impracticable to give descriptions of the species, but the characterizations in the keys to species are usually ample, and in many cases additional characters are mentioned under the species in question. Under each species are given the geographical and altitudinal range within the State, usually also the habitat and time of flowering, and the general geographical distribution of the species. Type speci- mens are cited, with few exceptions, only if the type was collected in Arizona. Synonymy is limited, in the main, to (1) the name- bringing synonym, (2) synonyms based on Arizona types, and (3) names used in works often consulted in identifying Arizona plants, such as Wooton and Standley, Flora of New Mexico... Many species included in this flora are not known definitely to occur in the State but have been collected so near its borders as to make their occurrence in Arizona highly probable. Such species are indicated by an asterisk preceding the name. References are given, under many of the genera, to recently pub- es Wooton, E.O.,andSTaNDLEY, P.C. FLORAOFNEWMEXICO. Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 19: 1-794. 15- 4 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE lished monographs and revisions that have been consulted in prepar- ing the text. These citations should be helpful to those who may desire further information on the groups in question. As a rule, NAVAJO CO. APACHE CO. NEVADA FT. DEFIANCE FLAGSTAFF e WINSLOW YAVAPAI CO. HOLBROOK OL GAmRe. RIVER PR ES COT YUMA CO, MARICOPA CO. < FL, aw O we =) < OF PHOENIX O) GREENLEE CO, ARIZONA SCALE-STATUTE MILES Figure 1.—Sketch map of Arizona, showing the boundaries of the counties, the principal rivers, and some of the more important towns. comprehensive and generally accessible works such as the Synoptical Flora of North America, North American Flora, and Das Pflanzenreich are not included in these references; nor has it seemed necessary to cite floras of neighboring States and of Mexico, although, of course, these works have been consulted freely. ~ FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA » In order to save indexers the labor of reviewing so large a work, no new names or combinations are published here. A sketch map of Arizona, showing the boundaries of the counties, the principal rivers, and some of the more important towns, is pro- vided (fig. 1). ECONOMIC INFORMATION Under the several families and genera and occasionally under a _ particular species, there are some brief statements of economic uses by the Indians and others, including such particulars as food value for man and livestock, timber value, soil-binding utility, medicinal and poisonous properties, and possibilities as cultivated ornamentals. These notes have been compiled from many sources, including personal observation. It has not seemed necessary to cite the authority for each statement, but a list of publications from which the information was obtained will be found at the end of the volume (pp. 1036-37). BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF ARIZONA? Botanical exploration of territory now comprised in the State of Arizona may be said to have begun with the military expedition of 1846-47 led by Lt. W. H. Emory, from Santa Fe, N. Mex., to Cali- fornia, during the Mexican War. His route followed the Gila River from near its source to its mouth. In the early 1850’s, the naturalists of the United States-Mexican Boundary Survey, J. M. Bigelow, C. C. Parry, Arthur Schott, George Thurber, and Charles Wright, collected extensively in the extreme southern part of what is now Arizona. In 1851, S. W. Woodhouse, surgeon-naturalist of Capt. L. Sitgreaves’ expedition across northern Arizona to the Colorado River, obtained botanical specimens. J. M. Bigelow, accompanying Lt. A. W. Whipple on his exploration for a railway to the Pacific in 1853-54, brought back important collections from the same general region. The geolo- gist, J. S. Newberry, as a member of the expedition of Lt. J. C. Ives, in 1858, up the Colorado River and across northern Arizona via the Grand Canyon and Hopi pueblos to Fort Defiance, collected many plants. These early collections were studied and reported upon by such eminent botanists as John Torrey, Asa Gray, and George Engel- mann. In the 1860’s two distinguished ornithologists, J. G. Cooper and Elhott Coues, collected plants, the first in the vicinity of Fort Mohave, the second chiefly around Prescott. Dr. Charles Smart obtained numerous specimens in the Mazatzal Mountains and along the Verde River. It was in this decade that an indefatigable collector, Edward Palmer, began his botanical explorations of Arizona, first in associa- tion with Coues and afterward alone, collecting at intervals until 1890 and traversing nearly all parts of the State. The large number of species named for him attests the importance of his discoveries. The most important contribution to the knowledge of the Arizona flora during the 1870’s was made by the forester, J. T. Rothrock, bota- nist of Lt. George M. Wheeler’s expedition (United States geograph- ical surveys west of the one-hundredth meridian). Dr. Rothrock collected extensively in southeastern Arizona, chiefly in 1874. In 2 For citations of literature see JOSEPH EWAN. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BOTANY OF ARIZONA. Amer. Midland Nat. 17: 430-454. 1936. 6 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE the same decade Mrs. E. P. Thompson brought to light many botanical novelties in extreme northern Arizona, near Kanab, Utah, and P. F. Mohr collected around Fort Huachuca. The 1880’s witnessed great botanical activity in many parts of the State. Southern Arizona was intensively explored by those outstand- ing collectors, J. G. Lemmon and wife (1880-82) and C. G. Pringle (1881-84). In 1884 the Lemmons shifted their attention to the north- ern part of the State. H.H. Rusby explored the Clifton region in 1881 and collected extensively in Yavapai and Coconino Counties in 1883, obtaining the first adequate representation of the flora of the San Francisco Peaks. W. F. Parish collected around Camp Lowell, near Tucson, in the early 1880’s. G. R. Vasey made large collections around Tucson and Yuma in 1881. Marcus E. Jones, whose name is indelibly stamped upon the Arizona flora, began collecting in the State in 1884 and continued his activities there at intervals until 1930. Although the northern counties were his chosen field, he also made several collecting trips to the southern mountains. An Army surgeon, EK. A. Mearns, made large collections in Yavapai and Coconino Counties in 1888, and, in the early 1890’s, as naturalist of the second United States-Mexican boundary survey, along the southern border. In 1889 F. H. Knowlton made a fruitful exploration of the San Fran- cisco Peaks and E. L. Greene collected less extensively in the same region. From 1890 to the present, so many persons have collected plants in Arizona that only a few of those who made large collections may be mentioned here. During the 1890’s, outstanding collectors were: A. Davidson in Greenlee County; E. A. Mearns and F. X. Holzner along the Mexican border; Walter Hough in Apache and Navajo Counties (continuing into the next decade); D. T. MacDougal in Coconino, Yavapai, and Gila Counties; G. C. Nealley in the Rincon Mountains; C. A. Purpus in Coconino and Yavapai Counties; J. W. Toumey in many parts of the State; T. E. Wilcox in the Huachuca Mountains; N. C. Wilson in the northern and central counties; E. O. Wooton in many parts of the State, at intervals from 1892 to 1914; and Myrtle Zuck in Navajo and Pima Counties. The work continued actively during the 1900’s, in which period extensive collections were made by: J. C. Blumer, chiefly in the Chiri- cahua Mountains; H. D. Burrall and J. S. Holmes, in the same area; F. V. Coville, in the White Mountain region; E. A. Goldman, in nearly all parts of the State; David Griffiths, in Pima County, the White Mountains, and elsewhere; J. B. Leiberg on the San Francisco Peaks; G. A. Pearson, in Coconino County;J. J. Thornber, chiefly in Coconino and Pima Counties; Ivar Tidestrom at several localities from the northern to the southern boundary; and L. F. Ward in the Little Colorado River and Grand Canyon regions. Among those who collected during the decade 1910-19 the follow- ing may be mentioned: Alice Eastwood, in many parts of the State (continuing at intervals until 1938); W. W. Eggleston in eastern Ari- zona (also in the next decade); L. N. Goodding, chiefly in the White Mountains and the southern counties (continuing until the present time); J. A. Harris in the Santa Catalina Mountains; A. S. and A. E. Hitchcock in the Grand Canyon region; Alfred Rehder in many parts of the State; Forrest Shreve chiefly in the Pinaleno and Santa Catalina FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 7 Mountains (continuing until the present time); and P. C. Standley in the Carrizo Mountains. In the 1920’s, in addition to some of those who began their work in the preceding decade, the following made important collections: W.N. Clute in the Painted Desert region; Mrs. Rose E. Collom in Gila and Coconino Counties (continuing until the present time); M. F. Gilman and F. A. Thackery, chiefly in the Baboquivari Mountains; W. W. Jones chiefly in Yavapai County; Susan D. McKelvey in many parts of the State (continuing in the 1930’s); Pauline Mead on the Kaibab Plateau; and the writers and their colleagues, with headquarters at the United States Ficid Station, Sacaton, throughout the State (con- tinuing until the present time). The last decade (1930 to 1939) was notable for the large number a persons engaged in collecting plants in Arizona. Among these were: H. C. Cutler in northern Arizona: Alice Eastwood and J. T. Howell in Coconino, Navajo, and Apache Counties; J. W. Gillespie in Mari- copa and Pinal Counties; Elbert L. Little, Jr.,on the San Francisco Peaks; Bassett Maguire chiefly north of the Colorado River and in Graham County; Aven Nelson in many parts of the State; M. J. A. Wetherill in the vicinity of Navajo National Monument; A. F. Whiting and his colleagues of the Museum of Northern Arizona in Coconino and Navajo Counties; and Jra L. Wiggins in southwestern Arizona. GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FLORA The geographical position of Arizona and its great diversity of topo- graphic and climatic conditions make it a veritable ‘melting pot,”’ where floral elements from nearly all parts of the North American continent are to be found, if not side by side, at least within a few miles of one another. It is the only State in which occur both alpine and subalpine plants, of which some 50 species are found on the higher mountains of the northern part of the State, and representa- tives of genera and families that are mainly tropical, in the lower country near the Mexican boundary. It may surprise those who know Arizona only in its semidesert aspect that no fewer than 20 species of those humus-loving plants, the terrestrial orchids, are found within its borders. The diversity of life forms is remarkable. First and foremost are the Cactaceae, culminating in the huge sahuaro (Cereus giganteus) which Arizona has chosen, appropriately, as its State flower. In southern and western Arizona, especially, one is impressed by the bizarre forms of Yuccas, Agaves, crucifixion-thorn (Holacantha), ele- phant tree (Bursera), and ocotillo (Fouquieria). In the southwestern corner occur two remarkable parasitic flowering plants, the tiny Pilo- styles thurberi, of the mainly tropical family Rafflesiaceae, and the sandfood (Ammobroma sonorae), one of the very few members of a strictly American family. Even a species of palm (Washingtonia) is native in Arizona. The 3,200 species of flowering plants, ferns, and fern allies known definitely to occur in Arizona may be classified roughly, on the basis of their distribution outside the State, into 12 geographical categories. Obviously these are not hard and fast, and many species have been placed somewhat arbitrarily in one or the other of them. Table 1 8 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE gives the percentages of the total number of species in the State that are represented in the several categories or in various combinations of 2 categories. The species are classified on the basis of their distri- bution as a whole, regardless of the fact that some of them are repre- sented in Arizona only by a variety of more limited geographical range. TaBLE 1.—Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona, classified according to their geographical ranges outside the State, the number of species referred to each category meg expressed as a percentage of the total number of species known to occur in the tate ; Repre- F f s Repre- Geographical category pen ishion | Geographical category . ae ‘ Percent Percent EINGe MiG zee 222 Law eee ee eee Gy, Ik ||| Abtoyoreny| CrP SelowioyoyGal_ 6.6 PACiiGz ae eas ater _ Bi Renee Bees ky eae YD, Sy Mi Leoeay IMMoprarviNS oe 13.0 Colorad ane ae eee Reena 8.4 || Rocky Mountain and Pacific____________ 9.0 Sonoran®= =e. ae ee b/ Pep LE LEE LONG sl WGreateel anise eee eee es ee 2.5 Sonorantands© oloradane =a ee 2G | eAttlaniticn S828 oa ee ee SNe TNE ere a $8 @hihuahwane sew ea eee NEL) il) INGOT N VION es ee 12.0 Chihuahuan and Coloradan—__________- LO la] STAT SO CORT Cas 5 emer ee oe eee 4.8 Chihuahuan and Sonoran_-_--_..-_---___- S514 PAGVentivie.. Soe: soem So ee eee 6.0 The geographical categories of the flora are defined as follows: Enpemic.—There are 163 species not known to occur elsewhere than in Arizona. Of these, 45 are limited to the northern part of the State, - 33 to the central portion, and 69 to the region south of the Gila River, the remaining 16 endemic species being more widely distributed. Many of the southern endemics occur so close to the Mexican border that they will almost certainly be found, eventually, in Sonora or Chihuahua. Some of the northern species probably occur also in southern Utah, Nevada, or Colorado. PaciFric.—Species ranging throughout all or a part of the region from British Columbia to Baja (Lower) California. The number of Pacific coast species extending into Arizona, excluding plants of the deserts of southeastern California, is not large, but the group is of interest as comprising several species found only from southern Oregon to northern Baja California, and in south-central Arizona, principally in the Pinal and Mazatzal Mountains. Notable examples of this interrupted distribution are: Dryopteris arguta, Ribes quercetorum, Cercocarpus betuloides, Lupinus succulentus, Rhus ovata, Rhamnus crocea, Fremontodendron californicum, Lonicera interrupta. Cotorapan.—Occupying all or a part of the Colorado River drain- age basin, from southwestern Colorado to southeastern California. Most of the species of this category that reach California do not occur west of the Mohave Desert and the Death Valley region. In Arizona they are found mostly in the northern part of the State, commonly in treeless areas or with the juniper-pinyon association, at elevations below 8,000 feet. The large genera Hriogonum and Astragalus are well represented in this category. Sonoran.—Species confined mainly to the deserts at low elevations in southeastern California, Baja California, northwestern Sonora, and southwestern Arizona. The perennial plants of this category are mostly pronounced xerophytes. This highly specialized flora reaches its northeastern limit in Maricopa and Pinal Counties with such con- spicuous representatives as Colubrina californica, Horsfordia new- berryi, Abutilon palmeri, and Beloperone californica. - FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 9 CurInuAHUAN.—The center of distribution of species of this category is the Rio Grande drainage basin in western Texas, southern New Mexico, and northern Mexico, but many of them reach Arizona, especially the southeastern part ‘of the State, and some of them extend into the second tier of States of the Republic of Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, Durango, Sinaloa). This is the largest single geographical category of the Arizona flora, unless the Rocky Mountain category be considered as including species found also in the Pacific Coast States. TROPICAL OR SUBTROPICAL.—Species ranging farther southward in Mexico than those of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan categories, many of them extending to Central or South America and several occurring also in the West Indies and the subtropical portion of the eastern United States. Because of the relatively low latitude and altitude of southern Arizona, subtropical species are much more numerous than in any. other State west of Texas. A number of species, mostly belonging to the Pacific category, that are found in temperate North America and in southern South America but not in the intervening Tropics, are, of course, not included here. Rocky Mountarn.—Many species of this category range from the Canadian Rockies to the Sierra Madre in northern Mexico, but not a few of them are known only from Arizona and New Mexico. There are also many Rocky Mountain species that extend westward into the Pacific Coast States. The higher mountains of Arizona and the elevated plateaus in the northern part of the State offer congenial habitats for characteristic plants of this category. Such genera as Penstemon, Erigeron, and Artemisia are well represented. GREAT Piains.—Species found chiefly east of the Rocky Moun- tains, including some that extend even farther eastward into the prairie States. This is a relatively small component of the Arizona flora, confined chiefly to grassy plains in the eastern part of the State. ATLANTIC. —Species mainly of the southeastern United States, extending often as far west as central Texas and in some cases along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico into Mexico, but absent in western Texas and New Mexico. The following 11 species, all of which occur only in the southern part of Arizona, have this peculiar distribution: Ophioglossum engelmannii, Corallorrhiza wisteria na, Hexalectris spicata, Cerastium teranum, Crotalaria sagittalis, Clitoria mariana, Acalypha ostryaefolia, Chimaphila maculata, Isanthus brachia- tus, Galium pilosum, Cyclanthera dissecta. NortH AMERICAN.—Species of wider distribution on this continent than those of any of the foregoing categories. A large number of these range across the continent in Canada and the northern United States, reaching lower latitudes only in the higher mountains. TRANSOCEANIC.—Species that are believed to be indigenous in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. A large majority of them are temperate or circumpolar, occurring in the northern part of Europe, or of Asia, or of both continents, and have a distribution in North America similar to that of many species in the North American category. Some of them, however, are found in the tropical and sub- tropical parts of both hemispher es. It is always uncertain, of course, whether plants having the latter distribution are really indig enous 1n both hemispheres. Some of the aquatic and marsh plants of the Transoceanic category are of almost world-wide distribution (cos- 10 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE mopolitan). Remarkable examples of discontinuous distribution are afforded by two ferns, Asplenium exiguum and Cetarach dalhousiae, found only in a few widely separated localities in North America and in the Himalaya Mountains. Both species are extremely local in Arizona. ADVENTIVE.—Plants introduced by the agency of man from other parts of the world, chiefly from Eurasia. The category includes numerous species that have become naturalized in Arizona and others of sporadic occurrence that have not yet established themselves as components of the flora. A large majority of the introduced weeds are common in California and probably reached Arizona from that State. There are also a few species of central Asiatic origin that occur here and there in the Great Basin region and in Arizona. It seems probable that these were introduced with seeds of alfalfa from Turkistan and Siberia, there having been formerly rather extensive importations of such seed into the western United States. THE VEGETATION OF ARIZONA 3 Contributed by Forrest SHREVE In whatever direction one might traverse the United States he would continually encounter new species of plants and new types of vegeta- tion and would look in vain for some of the ones that had previously been familiar in the landscape. Many plants would be seen again and again for long distances, whereas others would be found only in restricted localities. If time were taken to travel completely around the area occupied by each species, it would be found that scarcely any two of them coincide exactly. The traveler would also find that changes in temperature conditions are encountered on going from north to south, and that changes in moisture conditions are found on passing from east to west. Any scheme of representing these gradations of conditions on a map would result in a gigantic checkerboard with squares perhaps 150 miles in diameter, the symmetry of which would be greatly modi- fied by the mountains and elevated plains. No one plant species would be found to occur in all of the squares of a map of the western United States. Although there would be no two of the squares on which the conditions for plant life would be identical, nevertheless there would be many plants found on a large number of the squares. Indeed, there would be very few plants found on just one or two of them. Some plants are able to adjust themselves to a wide range of conditions, so that they are able to grow in many of the squares. Per- haps they range widely in a northern and southern direction, en- countering great differences in temperature, or perhaps their greatest extension is from east to west, showing them to be capable of with- standing a considerable range of moisture conditions. The character of the physical conditions of each square serves to admit or exclude and thereby rigidly to control the plant population of the area. The modifications in the symmetry of the checkerboard caused by mountains and other elevations are due to the existence in every elevated place of a set of conditions that would not prevail there if the land were flat and at sea level. In the warmer latitudes an elevated 3 Citations to literature on the vegetation of Arizona are given on pp. 1036, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA | plateau exhibits conditions that are similar to those at sea level in some other place, although never exactly like them. By reason of its size and rugged topography Arizona comprises a great many squares on the checkerboard. In fact, there are only two or three States that would comprise more than Arizona does. It is 395 miles from the southern boundary of the State to the northern, which would make considerable difference between the climate of the northern part and that of the southern part, even if the State were flat. In fact, the State covers one-third of the distance from Mexico to Canada, and because of the mountainous character of some of it and its position with reference to major climatic provinces, the diversity of conditions is multiplied many times. As a result the vegetation is rich and di- versified. Arizona is essentially a desert State. Its plains and valleys are desert, in both a physical and a biological sense, from the lowest elevations to an altitude of about 4,000 feet in the south and to nearly 6,000 feet in the north. To the ameliorating conditions of the higher altitudes are due the areas of grassland and forest that are so often likened to islands surrounded by asea of desert. A close acquaintance with the vegetation of the higher altitudes brings to light many features in which the nearness of the desert and the fringe of desert conditions are of considerable moment in the life of a vegetation that is other- wise so much like that of moist regions. Not only do the hills and mountains carry plants to higher and less arid levels, but even at low elevations they afford habitats that are more favorable than the outwash plains, although not so favorable as the flood plains of the larger valleys. The soil of aslope that is covered with stones has more favorable moisture conditions. The pockets of soil filling the depressions and cracks in the buried rocky surface of a hill are very favorably located for the infiltration of rain water and for its retention. Innumerable localities might be cited in which the vegetation of an outwash plain is replaced on the adjacent hillsides by a different type of vegetation of much higher water requirement. Approximately 60 percent of the surface of Arizona is desert. The vegetation in the various parts of the desert is far from being uniform; in fact, it is much more varied than that of the forested areas. Every- where the perennial plant covering of the desert is made up of a small number of species. Passing beyond the distributional limit of any one of these will bring a striking change in the appearance of the vegetation and in the character of the landscape. Uncommon in Arizona are the areas of shifting sand or barren rock that are commonly called to mind by the word ‘‘desert.’”? The regions of low and uncertain rainfall are covered by bushes, dwarf trees, half woody per ennials, and cacti erowing in an abundance, which is tr uly remarkable in view of the low rainfall, the high temperature, and the almost continual sunshine in daytime. The nonsucculent and the succulent desert plants grow side by side in varying relative abundance. The latter are less ubiqui- tous than the former, as they are sparsely represented in the driest and also in the coldest parts of the desert. Where they are at their best, however, the cacti are the dominant plants in some of the most striking landscapes in the State. The peculiar character of the vegetation of southern Arizona is largely due to the close mingling of plants, which differ greatly in size, form, habit of growth, and manner of adjustment to the adverse 12 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE conditions of an arid climate. Plants are closely associated in which the vegetative organs are so unlike as to indicate the possession of very dissimilar relations to climate and soil. In some cases the physiological behavior of these plants has been found very different. Survival under conditions that are very favorable for short periods and very unfavorable for longer ones is assured in a great variety of ways. The most common examples are reduction of leaf size, assumption of leaf functions by the stem, storage of water, and development in the annuals of rapid growth and early maturity. The principal types of vegetation are more clearly marked in Arizona than in the States that were originally heavily forested or in those covered by different types of grassland. The dominant plants of the desert, the grassy areas, the open woodlands of juniper and pinyon, and the forests of pine, spruce, and fir, all differ greatly in stature, density, foliage, and seasonal habits. In any place where it is possible to see two of these types of vegetation in the landscape it is easy to distinguish them and to be certain of their identity at a distance of several miles. Almost all of the characteristics distinguishing the great communities of plants are related, in ultimate analysis, to the amount and seasonal distribution of their water supply. In considering plant life as ‘‘vegetation,” attention is focused on the anatomy and physiology of the plants, and the relation of their structure and life processes to the environmental conditions. It is also possible to view the plants from the standpoint of their phylo- genetic relationships, and to investigate the distribution of the ‘“‘flora.”’ Maps of the vegetational areas of Arizona and of the floristic areas would not be identical. Between the two maps, however, there would be a strong general resemblance, for the differences in vegetation are very commonly accompanied by differences in flora. There are many plants, however, that occur only in part of each vegetational area, and many others that occur in at least two of them. In order to describe the plant areas of Arizona from a vegetational standpoint, without reference to floristic differences or the controlling climatic conditions, a modification of the classification and nomen- clature adopted in describing the vegetation of the United States from the same standpoint will be used.* Nine major types of vegetation are found in Arizona. Three of these are desert, one an arid grassland, and one an arid chaparral. There are small areas of true grassland, two types of forest, and one small area of alpine vegetation above timber line. These nine types are as follows: California microphyll desert, Arizona succulent desert, Great Basin microphyll desert, Desert-grassland transition, Grassland, Arizona chaparral, Western xeric evergreen forest, Northern mesic evergreen forest, Alpine summits. 3 These types of vegetation are described briefly in the following pages. TYPES OF VEGETATION CaLiIFoRNiA MicropuHytu Drsert.—There is much in common be- tween the vegetation of the parts of Arizona and California that lie within 50 to 100 miles of the Colorado River south of the confluence of the Virgin River. On the Arizona side there is a somewhat greater 4 SHREVE, FORREST. A MAP OF THE VEGETATION OF THE UNITED STATES. Geog. Rev. 3:119-125, map. 917. PEATE t . of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept pydoun f) ‘punorso1oj ‘Dyppnyyods oy} Uy ‘wnpioyf wnipioway PUB ‘snajuDbib snada) ‘suapuajds piwaimnbnoy JO S[BnplATpUL podoyyBos puB DSOWNDP DUISUDA YT PUB DIDJWIPL DILMD'T JO puvys osuvds B YQIM *J00J OOO'T OpNgNTR ‘AjUNOS) BVUIN A ‘SYUBT, O[NT, MoU yLosop [Aydoworpy SSG SANs ‘ gue me ‘ * ‘ Re iy i : % ¥ + 8. ty vr 7. 4 7 es & : x adh oe, My Wy, " - A ns ; gh CH mos S v = TaN % x se 4 A u é ad , y Ahi yg? ¢ Yi) i ats Shs 3 Ponact hit mins ROS dor z5 x ‘ e , er | Ht hy, he Z ad me ; 7 Vi) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 13 number of trees along the streamways, and a notably greater number of cacti, which is doubtless due to the increasing amount of summer rainfall encountered on going eastward from the Mojave Desert. Sahuaro (Cereus giganteus) 1s very nearly limited in its westward distribution by the Colorado River, but there are no other important plants for which the river serves as a boundary. Several species of Opuntia (O. echinocarpa, O. bigelovii, O. basilaris) are frequent in the microphyll desert of Arizona but rare in that of California until the desert slopes of the Chocolate, Chuckawalla, and Cuyamaca Moun- tains are reached. Over much of the microphyll desert the surface of the ground is far less stony than in the other types of desert, resulting in greater erosion by wind and water. The sparse vegetation of the microphyll desert is to be attributed chiefly to the low rainfall of 4 to 6 inches per year, of which 70 percent falls in winter, and partly to the very adverse conditions for seedlings. In the part of Arizona under consideration a very high percentage of the total land surface is occupied by outwash slopes and slightly tilted plains or bajadas. Over many areas of this character Larrea tridentata (creosotebush) and Franseria dumosa form 80 percent of the plant population. Usually the two are found together, but in general Franseria is the more abundant. The monotony of the vege- tation is occasionally broken by plants of Acacia constricta, Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo), Echinocereus engelmanniu, Opuntia echinocarpa, or QO. ramosissima. Perennial grasses are infrequent, except for colonies of Hilaria rigida (big galleta) on sandy soil, and several species of Aristida (pl. 1). Some of the volcanic mountains near the mouth of the Colorado River are unusually bare of vegetation, supporting little more than occasional clumps of Heteropogon contortus (tanglehead grass), Bebbia guncea, and Encelia farinosa (incienso). On the granite mountains are to be found Cereus giganteus, Cercidium microphyllum (paloverde), Olneya tesota (ironwood), Bursera microphylla, Echinocactus acanthodes (bisnaga), Opuntia basilaris (beavertail cactus), and other plants, which are either confined to this part of Arizona or else are found farther east on the outwash slopes. In the latter case is seen an excellent example of the common phenomenon of the occurrence of a plant in the more favorable habitats of an unfavorable region and also in the unfavorable habitats of a more favorable climate. . Some very sharp contrasts of vegetation are to be seen in the microphyll desert by reason of the great river, which carries past it such a large volume of water derived from a distant region of dissimilar character. In many places the alluvial flats of the Colorado support a forest of Populus fremonti (cottonwood) within a few yards of the low sparse stands of Franseria. Along the Colorado and Gila Rivers there are broad swamps of Typha angustifolia (cattail) and Scirpus olneyr, and dense thickets of Pluchea sericea (arrowweed), the latter often 10 to 12 feet in height. Where the moisture of the soil is more deep-seated there are low forests of Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) or Prosopis pubescens (screwbean). Along the small streamways there are often remarkably large trees of Cercidium floridum (paloverde), 30 to 40 feet in height, as well as Olneya, and the smaller but very striking Dalea spinosa (smoketree). The mesquite often grows in circular clumps from 30 to 50 feet. 14 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE in diameter, in the midst of which the soil is usually built up several feet above the surrounding level. All of the visible branches of such a clump are small, but underground they are connected by large limbs, and in fact the whole is a single large, nearly buried, tree. The inhabitants of the region often dig for wood. ARIZONA SuccuLeNtT Dersert.—This type of vegetation extends south into Mexico, and its rich display of succulent plants is scarcely equaled elsewhere in the United States. In the open plains and low mountains of southwestern Arizona there is a very gradual transition from the microphyll desert to the succulent desert. The broad plains, or lower bajadas, are in fact often poor in succulents in regions where the upper bajadas and low hills are covered with heavy stands of them. From its poorly defined western edge the Arizona succulent desert extends eastward and northward to a very irregular boundary, which lies between 3,000 and 3,500 feet elevation in southern Arizona, but somewhat lower in Yavapai and Mohave Counties (pl. 2). The matrix of the vegetation is Larrea, usually accompanied on coarse soils by heavy stands of Franseria deltoidea. Over extensive plains Larrea retains its dominance in communities where the number of succulents is large. It is only on upper bajadas, and particularly those of granitic mountains, that Larrea is replaced by Cercidium microphyllum and C. floridum, Acacia constricta, Olneya, and Prosopis, plants which in turn form the matrix for the still heavier stands of cacti clothing the upper bajadas and the lower hills. Only rarely and very locally do the cacti form even as much as 75 percent of the plant population. The heaviest stands of either the arborescent opuntias, O. fulgida, O. spinosior, O. versicolor, or the pricklypears, O. engelmannii and O. phaeacantha, are never without their accompanying non- succulent shrubs. The local distribution of shrubs is relatively uni- form and bears a more or less obvious relation to the topographic and soil features. The occurrence of the heaviest stands of cacti appears, however, to be random and fortuitous. This circumstance undoubt- edly has its basis in the vegetative multiplication to which so many individuals of Opuntia owe their existence, as well as to the partial independence of soil-moisture conditions, which is given them by their water-storing tissue. The Arizona succulent desert is given its most distinctive character- istic by the abundance and variety of the cacti, but it is also marked by a large number of plants that differ greatly from one another in form, mode of branching, character of foliage, and seasonal habits. It is on the upper bajadas, the hills, and the lower slopes of the mountains that this type of vegetation is seen in its best development (pl. 3). The commonest perennials found throughout the area, in the approxi- mate order of their abundance, are: Larrea tridentata, Franseria deltoidea, Cercidium microphyllum, Acacia constricta, Opuntia fulgida, O. spinosior, Fouquieria splendens, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia greggit, Opuntia engelmannu, Cereus giganteus, Opuntia phaeacantha, Celtis pallida, Lyerum anderson, Simmondsia chinensis, Opuntia versicolor, Cercidium floridum, Olneya tesota, Jatropha eardiophylla, Krameria parvifolia, and Echinocereus engelmannii. The smaller perennials persist from season to season by survival of roots or larger branches. They form a conspicuous element of the vegetation in favorable localities that have not been heavily grazed. . Among the abundant and characteristic smaller cacti are Mammullaria Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PeAme eo Succulent desert on a coarse outwash plain in the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, altitude 2,200 feet, with Cereus giganteus, Olneya tesota (right), Cer- cidium microphyllum (center), Celtis pallida (left center), Opuntia fulgida (right center). The low shrubs are Franseria deltoidea. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 3 Upper edge of the succulent desert at the south end of Hualpai Mountain, Mohave County, altitude 3,000 feet, with Yucca brevifolia (right), Yucca baccata (left), | Cereus giganteus, Juniperus utahensis, Amphipappus fremontii, and Hilaria | mutica. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 15 microcarpa, Echinocereus engelmannii, and Opuntia leptocaulis. Even in such a relatively small area as the one under consideration several species of cacti are conspicuous elements of the vegetation in certain parts of the area and wholly absent from the rest of it. This is true of Echinocactus leconter, Opuntia echinocarpa, O. acanthocarpa, and O. stanlyr. The habitats in which cacti are least abundant, and sometimes absent over large areas, are the flood plains and the level or nearly level areas of fine soil subject to sheet floods and consequent deposition. The flood plains of the succulent desert area were originally clothed with heavy stands of large trees of mesquite or else with thickets of Atriplex canescens (saltbush), and Sporobolus wrightii (sacatén). The texture of the soil, the depth to ground water, and the relative quantity of soluble salts seem to have determined this difference. The largest tree of the desert lowlands is Populus fremontii (cotton- wood), which usually occurs singly or in small groups but forms a veritable forest for several miles along the Gila River in the vicinity of Hayden and at several places along the Verde River. Other common trees of streams and streamways are Salix gooddingi (willow), Platanus occidentalis (buttonwood), Sambucus mexicana (elder or tapiro), and several species of Fraxinus (ash). Among the shrubs common in these situations are Baccharis glutinosa, Condalia lycioides, Chilopsis linearis, and Hymenoclea spp. In both the larger and smaller valleys there are nearly level central areas through which in many cases there is a very poorly defined drainage system, frequently resulting in flooding during periods of heavy rainfall. Such valleys are occupied by saltbush in some cases and by Larrea in others, the only common associates of these plants being mesquite, as a bush or small tree, Acacia greggu (catclaw), and several species of Lycium. In soils of high salt content Swaeda torreyana and Sarcobatus vermiculatus (greasewood) are common. The lower bajadas, as already stated, are the optimum habitat for Larrea, which in some places covers them in nearly pure stands for many square miles. The plants which most commonly break the uniformity of these areas are Acacia constricta, A. greggir, Opuntia fulgida, O. phaeacantha, Koeberlina spinosa (crucifixion-thorn), and Lycium andersonii. A striking feature of the vegetation in the microphyll and succulent deserts is the large number of short-lived herbaceous plants that appear in the early spring and late summer, following the principal rainy seasons. In favorable years these plants carpet the desert, often completing their life cycle in 6 to 9 weeks. Brilliant displays of color often result from the simultaneous flowering of large pure or mixed stands, especially on sandy soil. There are several hundred species of ephemeral herbaceous plants, each of which is confined to one of the two growing seasons. Great Bastin Micropuyti Desert.—Lines drawn north and east from Flagstaff would define the northeastern corner of Arizona, in which a high percentage of the surface is occupied by microphyll desert of the type prevailing throughout the Great Basin. The range of elevations is greater here thanin the southern desert areas of Arizona (from 3,000 to 6,000 feet), the rainfall is less but somewhat more evenly distributed through the year than in the south, and the vegetation is more desertic 286744°—49-__9 16 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE in aspect. The soils are varied and have even more influence than differences of altitude in determining the vegetation, but through the entire area only 16 species of perennials are abundant. These are low in stature and usually widely spaced or else occurring in clumps. The perennials are chiefly semishrubs—much branched, with soft wood, indeterminate growth, and evergreen leaves—whereas true shrubs with winter-deciduous or drought-deciduous leaves are few. Cacti are represented by a few low-growing species, and the yuccas by two acaulescent species. In many respects there is a sharp contrast between the deserts of the southwestern and northeastern corners of the State (pl. 4). The southern edge of the Great Basin Microphyll Desert, from Wide Ruin to the mouth of the Little Colorado, has a very poor plant cover. In the areas of the Painted Desert the topography is in an early stage of active erosion, and the poverty of the vegetation makes visible the brilhant display of color in the various layers of old lacustrine deposits that have been exposed. Where erosion is less active Atriplex con- fertifolia, A. canescens, and Sporobolus wright are the only common lants. North and east of the broad valley of the Little Colorado River, the Great Basin Microphyll Desert is a network occupying the inter- vals between the lightly forested sandstone or limestone mesas. The soils in this network are prevailingly sandy, sometimes with a level stabilized surface or quite as often with a poorly stabilized one in which the large plants occupy small hummocks, separated by bare spaces in which the wind is constantly moving the sand. There are no active dune areas involving large masses of sand. Below 6,000 feet the stabilized surfaces are occupied by scattered colonies of Bouteloua gracilis and Hilaria jamesvi, and by Ephedra wridis, E. cutleri, Atriplex confertifolia, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Yucca angustissima, Opuntia hystricina, and Lycium pallidum. ‘The principal hummock- forming plants on sandy bajadas and plains are H’phedra viridis and E. cutleri, which in some localities form 90 percent of the perennial vege- tation over many square miles (pl. 5). On very loose sand are found E’phedra viridis, E. cutleri, E.. torreyana, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Poliomintha ancana, Parryella filrfolia, Yucca angustissima, and Oryzopsis hymenoides. After copious spring rains many annuals and small herbaceous perennials appear on the sandy areas, including species of Oenothera, Cryptantha, Euphorbia, Stephanomeria, Abronia, Lygodesmia, Allium, Astragalus, Calochortus, and Festuca. Above 6,000 feet the plains and bajadas on which soil has accumu- lated are occupied by pure stands of Artemisia tridentata, varying in height with the depth of the soil and the supply of moisture. Few perennials are associated with the Artemisia, save occasional plants of Yucca baccata and small root perennials. Where rocks other than sandstone have given rise to the soil the bajadas are smooth, with gravelly surface, and are dominated by nearly pure stands of Coleogyne ramosissima. North of Tuba and Tyende (Kayenta), and along the Chinle Wash, there are innumerable areas of bare rock, varying in size from a few square yards to many acres, and devoid of plants. In favorable spots there are crevice plants, notably Aplopappus spp., Eriogonum aureum, Fraxinus ano- mala, Amelanchier utahensis, and small trees of Juniperus utahensis PLATE 4 Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture ‘VbbaLB pIBDIY PUB “DIDJUapL/] DILID'T ‘SISUAADYOU DION X JO STRNPTLATPUL podozZPBOS ITM ‘punhasioy vipaydsy pue ‘suassauva viufiposjay, “Unpopnovospf wWmnuUoboisy ‘nussrsounds aufiboajoy Jo purys uodo Uy “Yooys OOS’'E 9PNANTB ‘AJVUNOD OABYOT SOPMOTYL) JO JSoMYILOU YLosop [[AYdOsOTUL UISBE, 4VBOLY) MM Wy GWYu“ufy JYfyy yy Yj tg Uy y Yyyy ARN PLATE 5 Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture ‘KX Arqeqoad) -ds van x “JOoF YOS'G OPHIR “YSeM 1d0YU90 JT ‘saprouauhiy sisdozhsg Jo 198 YYNOS ‘yuepunqe osye st ‘(tfa770q syn} poi0yyeos puB 2/a7)7nNd Dupaydy JO SyoouruINY AQ pojsolle SI PUBS OIL], Suryooy ‘AjuNO,D OUTUODO,: “BVqny, JO 4SBo So[IUT G }LoSop yAydosotur uiseg 4eorh FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 17 and Pinus edulis, here found at the lower edge of their altitudinal ranges. It is characteristic of the Great Basin Microphyll Desert that the smaller drainageways are without distinctive plants and do not have a marginal fringe of upland plants growing more densely than elsewhere. Forestiera neomexicana and Sarcobatus vermiculatus aresometimes found in such situations, but there are no perennials that assume the role played in southern Arizona by Populus, Prosopis, Cercidium floridum, and Baccharis. In the flood plains of large streams Sarcobatus, Forestiera, and Atriplex canescens are characteristic. The first of these forms dense thickets in favorable places. DeEsERT-GRASSLAND TRANSITION.—Between elevations of 4,000 and 6,000 feet are found large and small areas of this vegetation, perhaps forming one-tenth of the area of the State. The desert grassland is the best grazing land in Arizona, and has great potential value under more careful management than has commonly been practiced in the past. Over this region there is an annual rainfall of 12 to 18 inches, which is intermediate between the precipitation of the desert and that of the forest. Although the vegetation is favored by somewhat higher rain- fall, there is a lower range of temperatures than in the desert, which serves as a limiting condition to exclude the great majority of desert plants. In the desert-grassland areas there is, in general, a good soil of sufficient depth to favor root development i in deep-rocting types of plants. There are a number of areas, especially in the central part of the State, which occupy the same elevations as the desert grassland and have similar climatic conditions, but possess a scanty and shallow soil. Some of these are limestone areas, whereas others are volcanic, locally known as “‘mallapy” (mal pais). The largest area of desert grassland is found in the drainage of the Little Colorado River in Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties. Other large areas occur in Yavapai, Graham, and Cochise Counties. The typical communities of the desert orassland are made up of perennial grasses, these commonly occurring as separate bunches with intervening bare ground. The dominant grasses are species of Boute- loua, Sporobolus, Aristida, Muhlenbergia, Hilaria, and Stipa. With one or more grasses forming the matrix of the vegetation there are asso- ciated with them a large number of species of root perennials and a few annuals. Cacti are by no means absent, although the number of species is small. Several species of Yucca are a characteristic feature of this vegetation, Y. elata and Y. baccata being the most common. Dasylirion and Nolina are frequent but have their greatest abundance where the soil is relatively shallow. Shrubs occur sporadically, usually in restricted localities. Where the desert grassland borders on the xeric evergreen forest there is no line of demarcation between the two. Throughout northern Arizona there are hundreds of square miles on which a very open stand of low junipers is found in typical desert-grassland country, and in south- eastern Arizona the same conditions are found on passing into the evergreen oak forest. Higher rainfall, or better conditions for retention of soil moisture, favor the occurrence of a few trees without permitting the growth of a stand sufficiently dense to break the continuity of the desert grassland. 18 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT: OF AGRICULTURE GRASSLAND.—The areas in which grasses form a nearly continuous cover lie between 5,000 and 7,000 feet and usually close to the margin of xeric or mesic forest. In fact, some of the best areas of grass lie within the borders of the forest, and, therefore, can scarcely be regarded as true grassland. Along the northern edge of the mesic forest which covers the Mogollon Mesa is found a belt of grassland that lies partly in the open and partly inside the margin of the forest. Under virgin conditions there were large areas in Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties that then merited the designation of grassland but now must be regarded as desert-grassland transition. Smaller areas also occurred in Chino Valley, Yavapai County, in Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, and in other elevated valleys in Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties. : In Navajo and Coconino Counties the characteristic grasses are: Festuca arizonica, Sporobolus interruptus, Muhlenbergia montana, Agropyron smithu, Bromus ciliatus, Bouteloua simplex, Muhlenbergia richardsonis. In the Chino Valley, Yavapai County, the commonest grasses are: Muhlenbergia torreyi, Bouteloua gracilis, Stipa comata, Bouteloua hirsuta, B. eriopoda, Aristida ternipes. In the southeastern counties the grasses that are most important are: Bouteloua curtipendula, B. gracilis, B. rothrocku, Sporobolus cryptandrus, Bouteloua eriopoda, B. hirsuta, Leptochloa dubia, Sporo- bolus wrightii. — - Both in the north and the southeast the grasses are accompanied by scattered individuals of a large number of species of herbaceous root perennials, as well as by more infrequent small shrubs. ARIZONA CHAPARRAL.—This type of vegetation is found throughout the semiarid foothills of the Mogollon Mesa from the eastern border of the State to the vicinity of Ash Fork and Skull Valley, and locally farther west. In its typical form it usually occurs in belts or relatively small areas between elevations of 4,000 and 6,000 feet. In the general vicinity of Prescott it occupies slopes of all exposures between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, but at any given elevation there are differences in its composition on slopes of different aspect. Open chaparral occurs on north slopes as low as 3,500 feet in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lake and small stands of it on south slopes are found exceptionally as high as 7,000 feet northeast of Pine, Gila County. Chaparral occurs on slopes with stony or shallow soil just below the xeric forest. Its lower edge is in contact with grassland northwest of Prescott and with succulent desert southeast of Payson. None of the characteristic plants of the chaparral are found in the succulent desert, but many of them occur in the xeric or mesic forests, locally in close stands but more commonly as scattered individuals. The dominant plant in the Arizona chaparral is Quercus turbinella (scrub oak), which forms 80 percent of the stand in many localities. Common associates are Arctostaphylos pungens (manzanita), Rhus trilobata (squawbush), Cercocarpus breviflorusand C. betuloides (moun- tain-mahogany), Ceanothus greggit (buckbrush), Garrya wrightia (silk tassel), and Fallugia paradoxa (Apache-plume). These shrubs have a relatively uniform height of 3 to 6 feet, occasionally broken by taller shrubs or by yuceas. The leaves of the dominant plants are small and thick and are evergreen in all but Rhus trilobata. The physiognomy of the Arizona chaparral, and the sclerophyllous character of the leaves 8 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 19 of its dominant plants, link it closely with the same type of vegetation in California, although there are very few species common to both regions. A number of shrubs, semishrubs, and other plants are infrequent in the chaparral or only locally abundant, including, in order of abun- dance: Rhus ovata, Cowania stansburiana, Quercus palmeri, Arcto- staphylos pringler, Garrya flavescens, Nolina microcarpa, Berberis haematocarpa, Agave parryi, Mimosa biuncifera, Eriodictyon angusti- foium, Aplopappus spp., Eriogonum wrighti, Quercus gambelii, Brick- ellia californica. WESTERN XERIC EVERGREEN Forest.—This type of vegetation is widely distributed in central and northern Arizona, forming a zone which surrounds the mesic evergreen forest or occurs in large and small isolated stands. Its limits are seldom sharply defined, for it stretches down in attenuated form into the grassland, and its charac- teristic trees extend upward to altitudes at which they mingle with the larger trees of the mesic forest. So far as its dominant plants are concerned it has the simplest composition of any of the vegetations of the Southwest. There is a wide floristic difference: between the xeric forest of southern Arizona, often composed solely of evergreen oaks, and that of central and northern Arizona, composed almost wholly of juniper and pinyon. Also, there are greater variations in density and stature in the xeric forest than in any of the other types of vegetation, the low and open stands being at lower altitudes, and the dense tall ones at higher elevations. The type of xeric evergreen forest in which the oaks are dominant is nearly confined to the eastern part of the State south of the Gila River, where rainfall is somewhat greater in summer than in winter. It occurs chiefly on hills and mountain slopes between altitudes of 4,000 and 6,500 feet, and in many localities extends from the moun- tain base out onto the upper bajada but does so only above 5,000 feet. The most extensive oak forests are found in the foothills of the lar ger mountains of the southeastern counties. The commonest tree is Quercus emoryi (bellota), which appears to be the most drought resistant of the evergreen oak trees. Quercus arizonica (Arizona oak) and Q. oblongifolia (blue oak) are less abundant than the bellota at lower elevations, but are equally common above 5,500 feet. Juniperus monosperma (oneseed juniper) is of sporadic occurrence and is seldom an important associate of the oaks, but J. pachyphloea (alligator juniper) is abundant, usually mingled with the oaks, sometimes occurring in limited nearly pure stands, or again growing» in company with Pinus cembroides (nut pine). The oak type of xeric forest is rarely closed, being commonly an open or a very open community, with many associated shrubs, succulents, and semisucculents. Among the commonest of these associates in Cochise, Graham, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties are: Yucca elata, Y. schotti, Nolina microcarpa, Dasylirion wheeleri, Agave palmeri, Cercocarpus bremflorus, Mimosa biuncifera, Dalea wislizeni, Rhus trilobata, Echinocactus wishzeni, Opuntia spinosior, Garrya wrightit, Arctostaphylos pungens, Aplopappus spp. Juniper and pinyon mingle extensively with the evergreen oaks in the xeric forest of southern Arizona, but on passing northward the oaks become less frequent. Throughout the northern half of the State juniper is more abundant than pinyon below 6,500 feet. Above that 20 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE elevation pinyon is the dominant or, in some places, the only tree. A narrow belt of xeric evergreen forest surrounds the Mogollon Mesa, stretches over wide areas in Coconino County, and covers the plateaus and mesas of Navajo and Apache Counties at elevations between 6,000 and 7,200 feet. The alligator juniper, common in the moun- tains of the southern part of the State, is less frequent in central Arizona and absent from the northern part. The oneseed juniper is the common form along both edges of the Mogollon Mesa. Junip- erus utahensis (Utah juniper) is the commonest form in the extreme north. In Yavapai County and some of the adjacent regions all of these junipers may be found, together with J. scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper). Pinus cembroides, the common pinyon of the southernmost counties, is absent from the northern half of the State where the commonest form is P. edulis (pl. 6). There are no other trees that deserve mention as common, or even infrequent, components of this type of forest. Along the streams and drainageways are found several deciduous trees, notably Fraxinus velutina (ash), Quercus gambelit (Gambel oak), Platanus wrightii (sycamore), Populus fremontit (cottonwood), Acer grandidentatum var. brachypterum (maple), and Acer negundo var. interius (boxelder). NortHERN Mestc EverGreen Forest.—The mesic forests of Arizona are predominantly made up of needle-leaved evergreen trees, and in their physiognomy and ecological characteristics are very similar to the coniferous forests that cover the higher elevations of the Rocky Mountain region. This is predominantly a pine forest, and, as represented in Arizona, presents some marked differences in its floristic composition from the forests of the States to the north and northeast. The mesic forest is confined to the mountains and higher elevations of the State and is commonly surrounded by xeric evergreen forest. The larger bodies of mesic forest extend from northwestern to eastern central Arizona, over the region of highest altitude, and smaller bodies of it occur in the extreme northeast, in the central counties, and in the southeast. Some of the smallest bodies are found in small mountain ranges, where they are very effectively isolated from the larger areas (pl. 7). From both the physiognomic and floristic standpoints the mesic forest is naturally divisible into drier and more open pine forests and moister closed spruce and fir forests. The lower limit of pine forest varies from 6,000 to over 7,000 feet, according to local conditions, and its upper limit is about 9,000 feet. ‘The spruce and fir forest ranges from about 7,000 or 7,500 feet to about 11,000 feet, at which elevation it is open and stunted. The pine forests are dominated north of the Gila River by Pinus ponderosa (western yellow pine) and in the south by Pinus arizonica (Arizona pine). With respect to the plants associated with these trees there are some striking differences between the forest of the desert mountains south of the Salt River and those of the Mogollon Mesa. In the former are to be found many plants that have their principal areas in Mexico and reach their northern limits in southern Arizona. In the desert mountains the lower limit of the pines is formed by Pinus latifolia (Apache pine) or by P. leiophylla (Chihua- hua pine) and the upper limit by P. strobiformis (Mexican white, pine), all of which are confined to the southern half of the State. A consider- able number of shrubs and root perennials that are found in the pine | Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 6 Xeric evergreen forest on Black Mesa, Navajo County, altitude 7,150 feet. Juniperus utahensis and Pinus edulis are the principal trees. ‘The commonest shrub in the open forest is Artemisia tridentata. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 7 Mesic evergreen forest between Elden Mountain and San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County, altitude 7,400 feet. The trees are Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga taxifolia. The clean floor of the forest is heavily carpeted by the grasses Festuca arizonica, Muhlenbergia rigens, Sporobolus interruptus, and Agropyron smithii. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA a forests of the southern counties are rarely seen north of Salt River. The trees most commonly associated with the pines in southern Arizona are Juniperus pachyphloea, Quercus hypoleucoides, Arbutus arizonica (madrono), and Quercus gambelii. The large shrub Q. diversicolor is frequent in the forest and often forms extensive thickets where trees are absent. Along the streams are found Alnus oblongi- folia (alder), Acer negundo var. interius, Acer grandidentatum var. brachypterum, and shrubby willows. In late summer the floor of the pine forests is richly covered with a large number of species of root perennials, in which grasses, legumes, and composites predominate. There are very few species of annuals, and likewise none of the herbaceous perennials are active in the late winter, at a time when the desert is often covered with flowering an- nuals. Some of the commonest root perennials in the pine forests of southern Arizona are: Pteridium aquilinum, Poa fendleriana, Muhlen- bergia virescens, Panicum bulbosum, Potentilla subviscosa, Lupinus palmeri, Lathyrus graminifolius, Cologania longifolia, Apocynum andro- saemifolium, Lithospermum multiflorum, Monarda_ austromontana, Hedeoma hyssopifolium, Houstonia wrightii, Solidago sparsiflora, Erigeron spp., Hymenopappus mexicanus, Helenium hoopesii, Tagetes lemmoni, and Achillea lanulosa. In northern Arizona the pine forests are somewhat poorer in the number of associated trees and in the variety of root perennials but . have a greater abundance of shrubs. ‘The floor of the forest is much more heavily carpeted with grasses in the northern counties, and young pines are themselves more abundant. Large openings or parks, dom- inated by grasses and sedges, are a characteristic feature of the forests throughout the most heavily wooded part of the State. The commonest tree associated with the pines is the deciduous oak Quercus gambelii, which seldom reaches more than half the height of the tallest pines and is found singly or more often in close groups of 10 to 50 small trees. Another locally very abundant deciduous tree is Populus tremuloides (aspen), the largest stands of which occupy north slopes or old burns, usually above elevations of 7,500 feet. In rocky situations and on north slopes Pseudotsuga tarifolia (Douglas-fir) may be found at all elevations above 7,000 feet, and pinyon and juniper are frequently found among the pines below that elevation. The floor of the pine forests in northern Arizona is sometimes very bare in appearance prior to the summer rains, but under virgin con- ditions bore a light or heavy cover of perennial grasses, in addition to scattered shrubs, perennial composites, and smaller root perennials. The commonest and most widespread of the grasses are Festuca arizonica, Muhlenbergia montana, Bouteloua gracilis, Blepharoneuron tricholepis, and Aristida arizonica. Other common grasses are Sporo- bolus interruptus, Agropyron smithii, Muhlenbergia rigens, Bromus ciliatus, Muhlenbergia richardsonis, and M. wrightii. Among the herbaceous perennials of common occurrence in the pine forests of northern Arizona may be mentioned: Jris missouriensis, Comandra pallida, Eriogonum alatum, E. racemosum, Silene laciniata, Potentilla thurberi, Lupinus spp., Trifolium fendleri, Psoralea tenui- flora, Dalea albiflora, Oxrytropis lambertii, Lathyrus spp., Cologania longifolia, Phaseolus angustissimus, Gayophytum ramosissimum, Frasera speciosa, Asclepiodora decumbens, Gilia aggregata, Phacelia heterophylla, Monarda menthaefolia, Penstemon barbatus, P. linarioides, P, virgatus, ee 22. MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Castilleja spp., Cordylanthus wright, Aster commutatus, Erigeron spp., Antennaria rosulata, Achillea lanulosa, Artemisia dracunculoides. In many localities in the northernmost part of the State Artemisia tridentata occurs in extensive colonies in the xeric or mesic forest, often accompanied by Chamaebatiaria millefolium, Cowania stansburiana, and Fallugia paradoxa. The type of northern mesic evergreen forest dominated by spruce and fir is represented by very small areas on the desert mountains of southern Arizona, by a large area in the White Mountains, by small areas on the San Francisco Peaks, and by an area of considerable extent on the Kaibab Plateau. This is a closed forest of large trees reaching heights of 60 to 100 feet with a floor, which is sometimes open, sometimes occupied by shrubbery. At elevations of 10,500 to 11,000 feet, the size of the trees becomes less and the stand more open. The lowest bodies of this forest occupy north slopes at 7,000 to 7,500 feet elevation, and it is found on level ground or south slopes only above an elevation of about 9,500 feet. The dominant trees of this type of forest in Arizona are Pseudotsuga tarifolia (Douglas-fir), Abies concolor (white fir), Picea engelmanni (Engelmann spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Pinus flerilis (lim- ber pine), Abies lasiocarpa, and A. arizonica (corkbark fir). The Douglas-fir is found at lower elevations and in drier situations than the other forms mentioned. Pinus flerilis is confined to the San Francisco Peaks and Navajo Peak. The spruces are found only at the highest altitudes. Abies lasiocarpa is abundant on the Kaibab Plateau and on a few high mountain peaks. On the whole, the spruce-fir type of mesic forest exhibits greater variety in its composition than the pine type does (pl. 8). South of the Mogollon Mesa, Douglas-fir and white fir are the dom- inant trees, with Mexican white pine playing a minor role. Above 9,500 feet in the Pinaleno Mountains the dominant trees are Picea engelmanmi and Abies sp. (A. arizonica?). Near the summit of these mountains (10,500 feet) the forest is somewhat open, the trees retain their branches down to the base of the trunk, and the crowns are pointed, all indicating an approach to the limiting conditions for tree erowth. The highest elevation in the White Mountains (Baldy Peak, 11,470 feet) is forested to the summit by Picea engelmanni, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, and Abies concolor. The summits of the San Francisco Peaks are surrounded by a belt of spruce-fir forest, in which the limber pine'is found in addition to the trees last named. On the summit of the Kaibab Plateau there is an area of spruce forest esti- mated to be about 375 square miles in extent. The dominant trees are Picea engelmanni and P. pungens. The aspen (Populus tremu- loides) occurs in scattered or nearly pure stands, and Quercus gambelii, Betula fontinalis (water birch), and Acer negundo var. interius are the commonest deciduous trees. The prostrate shrubby mountain juni- per, Juniperus communis var. montana, is locally abundant on the Kaibab Plateau. ALPINE Summits.—The summit of the San Francisco Peaks is the only truly alpine area in Arizona. The timber line varies from about 11,000 to 11,400 feet, according to slope exposure, above which the slopes are steep, poorly watered during the latter part of the growmg Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 8 Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County, altitude about 8,200 feet. A, A natural Opening in the mesic evergreen forest. The trees are chiefly Picea engelmannt. B, A thick stand of young Populus tremuloides. The coniferous seedlings are Picea pungens and Pseudotsuga taxifolia. = FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA «ae season, and mainly covered with loose voleanic cinders in which it is difficult for plants to become established. It seems very certain, in fact, that timber line on the San Francisco Peaks is not a truly climatic line, but one in which the character of the substratum cooperates to bring the tree limit down to a somewhat lower level than would exist on a mountain that presented favorable soil condi- tions. An approach to timber-line conditions is found on Baldy Peak (Mount Thomas) in the White Mountains and on Mount Graham, in the Pinaleno Mountains. The vegetation of the summits of the San Francisco Peaks is of interest on account of the character of the few plants that are able to persist there and also on account of their distributional relation- ships. No species is very abundant and there are few spots in which the vegetation covers the substratum. The most abundant species are those forming mats in the crevices of rock, as Silene acaulis, Sazifraga caespitosa var. lemmonii, and Potentilla sibbaldi. Small size and low habit are characteristic, but large flowers make many of these plants conspicuous. In common with other alpine areas in the United States the flora above timber line on the San Francisco Peaks embraces several plants that range north to the Arctic Circle, and a few that have very close relatives in the high latitudes of Europe and Asia. The following list includes the most characteristic and abundant species; an asterisk indicates plants found also in the Arctic regions of North America. Poa rupicola, *Phleum alpinum, Carex bella, *Luzula spicata, *Oryria digyna, *Cerastium beeringianum, *Arenaria sajanensis, *Arenaria verna, *Silene acaulis, *Ranunculus eschscholtzii, Thlaspi fendleri, Draba crassifolia, Saxifraga caespitosa var. lemmonii, *S. flagellaris, Potentilla diversifolia, *Potentilla sibbaldi, Epilobium sarimontanum, Pseudocymopterus montanus, *Moneses uniflora, Primula parryi, *Androsace septentrionalis var. subumbellata, Gentiana monantha, Polemonium confertum, Penstemon whippleanus, Pedicularis parryi. VEGETATION OF THE GRAND CANYON The scenic grandeur and geological interest of the Grand Canyon have long made it the most outstanding natural feature of Arizona. In the present-day distribution of plant and animal life from the rim to the river the Canyon is equally remarkable. Crowded into the vertical space of 1 mile and the horizontal space of 10 to 20 miles are nearly all phases of environment and vegetation to be found in the entire State. It is possible to descend in a few hours from pines and firs to mesquites and cacti. At the same time that the Canyon is an epitome of the vegetation of the State, its conditions and the distribution of its plants are very complicated. The climatic differ- ences due to altitude are modified by slope exposure, by the shade of the great cliffs, by seepage of water, and by the ever-changing cur- rents of warm and cool air. Plants may be found growing near each other that have very different life requirements and are elsewhere found only many miles apart. Only a very few of the plants of Arizona appear to be peculiar to the Canyon, but on its walls may be eee a large percentage of the species of plants known to occur in the tate. 24 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE ANNOTATED LIST OF THE PLANTS OF ARIZONA, WITH KEYS Key to the phyla Plants without flowers, producing spores, not seeds_________ __ PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants wath Howerss producinsysced|s sy aaessans ene ween SPERMATOPHYTA. PTERIDOPHYTA. FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Contributed by WiLu1am R. Maxon Plants exhibiting a life cycle of two well-marked phases, sporophyte and gametophyte. The former, known commonly as a fern or fern ally, is differentiated into root, stem, and leaf, is provided with vascular tissues, and bears spores asexually, these either alike or of two kinds called megaspores and microspores. On germinating, the spore produces the gametophyte or minute sexual stage (prothallium). The large growth phase developing from the impregnation of an egg cell of the prothallium by a single coiled motile male element (spermatozoid) is the sporophyte. Key to the families 1. Leaves very numerous, spirally arranged in many ranks upon freely branched creeping stems, minute, lance-subulate or bractlike, sessile, never united; plants heterosporous, producing megaspores and microspores. 7. SELAGINELLACEAE. 1. Leaves fewer, mostly much larger, or, if small, united in short sheaths upon the stem or its branches; plants either homosporous or heterosporous (2). 2. Stems jointed, fluted, mostly hollow, simple and rushlike or with numerous whorled branches; leaves minute, united in toothed sheaths at the nodes; sporophylls small, borne in terminal cones________ 6. EQuISETACEAE. 2. Stems not jointed or fluted, solid, without whorled branches; leaves mostly large, simple to compound; sporophylls never in cones (8). 3. Plants terrestrial, homosporous (4). 4, Sporangia very large, sessile, united in a simple fleshy apical spike or borne in a loose terminal panicle, the sterile blade (simple to com- pound) Pappearme laterals ee ee 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. 4. Sporangia minute, mostly long-stalked, borne in clusters (sori) on the backwotordinamyc leaves. a2 aoe 2. PoLYPoODIACEAE. 3. Plants aquatic or of wet situations, producing both megaspores and micro- spores (5). 5. Leaves grasslike, tufted upon a very short trunk, the sporangia borne within their expanded hollow bases_-_-____-____- 5. ISOETACEAE. 5. Leaves not grasslike; sporangia not borne within hollow leaf bases (6). 6. Plants rooting in mud; sori 4 to many, borne within large free, bony, septate, basal conceptacles______________-_ 3. MARSILEACEAE. 6. Plants floating, minute; sori indusiate, borne in pairs on the sub- mersed lower lobe of the leaves______--_---~- 4. AZOLLACEAE. 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. ApDDERSTONGUE FAMILY Sporophytes herbaceous, with short fleshy rhizome and long fleshy roots; leaves (fronds) 1 or several, consisting of a simple, pinnatifid, or dissected sterile blade and (if fertile) a stalked sporebearing spike or panicle, borne at the apex of a common stalk; sporangia marginal, in 2 rows, sessile, opening by a transverse slit; spores uniform; gametophytes (prothallia) hypogean, tuberlike. Key to the genera 1. Sterile blade simple, with reticulate veins; sporangia united in a simple slender fleshy spike 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM. 1. Sterile blade 1 to 4 times pinnately divided, witn free veins; sporangia globose, distimnet> loorme) tay orate leas meee ee ee eee 2. BoTRYCHIUM, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 25 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM. ApDDERSTONGUE Mostly small terrestrial herbs, the rhizome ending in an erect exposed bud; leaves erect; sterile blade simple, entire, linear-lanceo- late to ovate, with reticulate venation, the areoles simple or compound; sporophyll a simple, slender, long-stalked spike, the large globose sporangia coalescent in two ranks. Key to the species 1. Fronds usually sclitary; sterile blade with a pale median band, not apiculate; Sreoles Small npimerolise. et 2 eye ta Be 1. O. VULGATUM. 1. Fronds two or several; sterile blade lacking a median band, apiculate; areoles large, including numerous secondary ones_ ~~ ------ 2. O. ENGELMANNIL. 1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753. A single specimen, said to have been collected in the Huachuca Mountains, is cited by Clausen (Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 126. 1938). Prince Edward Island to Alaska, south to northern Florida, the Gulf States, Texas, Arizona, and Mexico; Eurasia. 2. Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl, Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. 1: 351. 1883. Huachuca Mountains and near Hereford (western Cochise County), Mustang Mountains and Sonoita Valley (Santa Cruz County), 4,000 feet or higher, in damp places, usually in calcareous soil. Virginia to Missouri, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. 2. BOTRYCHIUM. GrAPEFERN Succulent terrestrial herbs; rhizome erect, the bud for the following year wholly or partially enclosed in the base of the common stalk; leaves erect, 1 to 3; sterile blade 1 to 3 times pinnately or ternately divided or compound, the divisions small, with free veins; sporophyll solitary, usually a long-stalked, 1- to 5-pinnate panicle, the large globose sporangia sessile or nearly so, free. Key to the species 1. Sterile blades large, ternately decompound, membranous; bud at base of common stalk partially exposed, pilose___________-_ 1. B. VIRGINIANUM. 1. Sterile blades small, once or twice pinnately divided, fleshy; bud completely enclosed in base of common stalk, glabrous (2). 2. Blades deltoid, acute, once or twice pinnately divided, the segments narrow and acute; sterile blade and sporophyll bent down in vernation. B. LANCEOLATUM. 2. Blades oblong or triangular-oblong, once pinnate, the segments flabelliform to lunate or renifcrm; sterile blade and sporophy]l erect in vernation. 3. B. LUNARIA. 1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz, Jour. Bot. Schrad. 1800 *: Pi tSOr. Osmunda virginiana L., Sp. Pl. 1064. 1753. Santa Rita Mountains (Pringle). Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Florida, the Gulf States, Arizona, and Mexico; Eurasia. 26 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs., Bot. Notiser 1854: 68. 1854. Osmunda lanceolata S. G. Gmel., Nov. Comment. Acad. Petrop. WP Ne IOs San Francisco Peaks, 11,000 feet, subalpine meadows (Little 4679, 4740). Newfoundland and Quebec to northern Maine; Alaska, southward in the mountains to Colorado and Arizona; Greenland; Eurasia. The var. angustisegmentum Pease and Moore is found from Newfoundland to West Virginia, westward to Wisconsin. 3. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz, Jour. Bot. Schrad. 18007: 110. 1801. Osmunda lunaria L., Sp. PI. 1064. 1753. San Francisco Peaks, 11,000 feet, open spruce-fir forests (Kearney and Peebles 12123, Little 4741, Collom 890). Labrador and Newfound- land to Alaska, southward in two or more varietal forms to Maine, New York, Michigan, Colorado, Arizona, and southern California; Argentina; Greenland; Eurasia; Australia; New Zealand. 29, POLYPODIACEAE. FERN FAMILY Leafy vascular plants of varied habit, the rhizomes paleaceous or hairy, creeping to erect; fronds usually stalked; blades simple to several times pinnatifid or pinnate, coiled in vernation; sporangia (in our species) borne in clusters or lines (sori) upon the back of the blades, mostly long-stalked, provided with an incomplete vertical ring of thickened hygroscopic cells (the annulus), splitting transversely ; sorl with or without a membranous protective organ (indusium); prothallia green, epigean. Key to the genera 1. Sori dorsal upon the veins, separate, not marginal (2). 2. Indusium attached to receptacle beneath the sporangia, its divisions spread- ing: on all sides: = Agee ee es oe ee a eee 1. Woopsta. 2. Indusium, if present, centrally peltate or attached at the sinus (3). 3. Sori round to oval (4). 4. Stipes jointed to the rhizome; blades deeply pinnatifid; indusia wanting. . Pouypopium. 4. Stipes not jointed; blades 1- to 3-pinnate; indusia present (5). 5. Indusium orbicular, centrally peltate (6). 6. Sori in a single row at either side of the midrib. 3. PoLystTicHum. G2 Soriany, 2Or MOE LOW Sea 4. PHANEROPHLEBIA. 5. Indusium not as above (7). 7. Indusium firm, roundish-reniform, attached at its sinus. 5. DRyYOPTERIS. 7. Indusium membranous, hood-shaped, attached by its base at one sides early, thrustback= 3s sae eee ees 6. CYSTOPTERIS. 3. Sori oblong or linear to lunate or hippocrepiform (8). 8. Venation partially areolate, the large tumid sori borne in a chainlike row; ClOSE.6O, Che maT Ss eee 7. WoopWARDIA. 8. Venation free; sori oblique (9) 9. Rhizome scales with thin-walled cells; blades large, delicate; sori mostly lunate or hippocrepitorna= aa 10. ATHYRIUM. 9. Rhizome scales with dark-walled cells; blades small; sori oblong to linear, straight or nearly so (10). 10: Blades sinuate=piama tite) seen ee eee 8. CETERACH. 10.-Bladeés pinnate. ssa a es = ee eee eer 9. ASPLENIUM. '_— —_ tl hn Ee oT FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA . 27 . Sori submarginal or the sporangia borne in naked lines along the veins (11). u, Sporangia following the veins throughout (12). . Blades densely ceraceous beneath_______-_-__-_~- 11. PiryrRoGRAMMA. Blades conspicuously hairy________________________. 12. BomMeErta. iG ries borne at or near apex of the veins (1S)2 13. Plants large, coarse; sporangia borne on a v einlike receptacle connecting the vein exis 1 DT TO 8 13. PTERIDIUM. 13. Plants mostly small and rock-loving; sporangia not borne on a special transverse receptacle (14). 14. Sporangia borne on under side of sharply reflexed membranous lobes enine lenfon = eee Seer ae ee re 2a Os 14. ADIANTUM. 14. Sporangia not borne on the back of reflexed lobes (15). 15. Vein ends distinctly thickened; proper marginal indusium often Prose eeeee 2 eee Se een Oe ER Le. 15. CHEILANTHES. 15. Vein ends searcely or not at all enlarged; proper membrancus indusium invariably wanting (16). 16. Margin of segments widely reflexed or revolute, usually modified; blades glabrous or nearly so________________- 16. PELLABA. 16. Margin of segments narrowly or not at all revolute; blades variously hairy, paleaceous, or ceraceous beneath. 17. NOTHOLAENA. 1. WOODSIA Small rock ferns, the rhizomes tufted; fronds many, fasciculate, suberect; blades linear to lance-ovate, 1- to 2-pinnate, the segments lobed or pinnatifid, hairy or subglabrous, free-veined; sori dorsal, roundish, often confluent with age; indusia inferior in attachment, the spreading divisions cleft to filiform, often concealed at maturity. Key to the species 1. Blades bearing numerous flexuous, flaccid, hyaline, septate hairs beneath. 1. W. SCOPULINA. 1. Blades devoid of flexuous septate hairs (2). 2. Indusia ample, consisting normally of a few short, broad, coneave lobes; blades obviously glandular-pubescent_____________ 2. W. pLUMMERAE. 2. Indusia consisting of hairlikc segments; blades glabrous or nearly so (3). 3. Segments of indusium numerous, truly capillary, flaccid, greatly exceeding the sporangia; leaf tissue coriaceous; segments sharply dentate, with whitish-crustose margins, the teeth ending in several hairlike processes. 3. W. MEXICANA. 3. Segments of indusia few, short, turgid, moniliform from a broader base, often obscure at maturity; leaf segments herbaceous, the margins not LATED 1 Net oe a Ml PBS) ois aloe | ee ae ee 4. W. OREGANA. 1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Canad. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865. Recorded for Arizona on the basis of a collection purporting to be from the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882) and one from ‘‘Mari- copa” (Pringle in 1882). Quebec to the Great Lakes region and Alaska, southward to western Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona, and California; also northwestern Virginia to western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. 2. Woodsia plummerae Lemmon, Bot. Gaz. 7: 6. 1892. Woodsia obtusa var. glandulosa D. C. Eaton and Faxon, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9:50. 1882. Springerville (Apache County), Kaibab Forest (Coconino County), to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 9,000 feet; shaded ledges and cliffs. Western Texas to Ari- zona and northern Mexico. 28 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Woodsia mexicana Fée, Mém. Foug. 7: 66. 1854. Mountains of southern Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 8,000 feet, crevices of cliffs and rocky slopes. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 4. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Canad. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865. Navajo Mountain, Kaibab Plateau, Grand Canyon, San Francisco Peaks, etc. (Coconino County), 5,500 to 11,500 feet, from the pinyon belt to timber line; rock crevices. Gaspé Peninsula to British Colum- bia, south to northwestern Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. 2. POLYPODTMUM> Poryropy, Plants of varied habit, the rhizomes paleaceous, mostly slender and creeping; fronds several, articulate to the rhizome; blades once pinnate: or pinnatisect in the Arizona species; sor1 round or oval, large, dorsal, separate, nonindusiate. Key to the spectes tp Blades naked: “veins reels: «ithe See ai ees ae Ee ea 1. P. HESPERIUM. 1. Blades copiously scaly beneath; veins areolate__-_-_-__ 2. P. THYSSANOLEPIS. 1. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 13: 200. 1900. Polypodium prolongilobum Clute, Fern Bul. 18: 97. 1910. Polypodium vulgare var. perpusillum Clute, Fern Bul. 18: 98. 1910. Mogollon Escarpment (southern Coconino County), Sierra Ancha (Gila County), Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Cata- lina Mountains (Pima County), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, sides of canyons. South Dakota to Yukon, south to New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. Variable, its relation to P. vulgare L. not well understood. 2. Polypodium thyssanolepis A. Br. ex Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 392. 1847. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Babo- quivari Mountains (Pima County), at 5,000 to 6,000 feet, among rocks in canyons. Western Texas to Arizona, Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia; Jamaica; Hispaniola. 3. POLYSTICHUM. Ho.uiyrerRn Rigid ferns of talus slopes and rocky forests, the woody rhizomes stout, copiously paleaceous; fronds stiffly ascending; blades uniform, simply pinnate in the Arizona species, of harsh texture, with sharply toothed margins; veins free; sori round, dorsal, the indusium orbicular, centrally peltate. 1. Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, Roem. Arch. Bot. 2°: 106. 1799. Polypodium lonchitis L., Sp. Pl. 1088. 1753. Pinaleno Mountains, above sawmill (Thornber and Shreve 7767). Newfoundland to Alaska, southern Ontario, Michigan, and Montana, and in the mountains to Colorado, Arizona, and California; Greenland ; Eurasia, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA ees, 4. PHANEROPHLEBIA Coarse ferns of rocky situations, similar in general to Polystichum; fronds rigidly ascending, the blades simply pinnate, with spinulose margins; veins several times branched, free in P. auriculata; sori borne in 2 or several rows on either side of the midvein; indusia orbicular, centrally peltate. 1. Phanerophlebia auriculata Underw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 212. pl. 360. 1899. Superstition Mountains (Pinal County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Sycamore Canyon near Ruby (Santa Cruz County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), Kofa Mountains (Yuma County), 2,000 to 6,000 feet; damp shaded walls of canyons. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 5. DRYOPTERIS. WoopFrern Mostly woodland ferns of upright habit, the rhizomes various, paleaceous; fronds borne singly or in a crown, mostly pinnate to decompound, glabrous, pubescent, or paleaceous; sori roundish, dorsal, mostly indusiate, the indusium (if present) roundish-reniform, fixed at its sinus. Key to the species 1. Blades subternate; equilateral, the large deltoid basal pinnae nearly equaling the terminal portion; indusia wanting____________-__- 1. D. LINNAEANA. 1. Blades oblong-lanceolate to deltoid-ovate; indusia present (2). 2. Rhizome slender, creeping; segments of pinnae subentire; veins simple. 2,02). FRET: 2. Rhizome stout, decumbent or erect; segments of pinnae toothed to subpin- nately divided; veins freely forked (8). 3. Blades deltoid-ovate, nearly tripinnate at base, noticeably glandular- POS C He 1s cease et se Bags oy 8 ie et pr ok py “DD; -PATULA. 3. Blades oblong-lanceclate to narrowly ovate (4). 4, Pinnae mostly sessile, oblong-lanceolate; veinlets spreading, all ending in Salient spinelike teeth = 22. 36 Se ete So ‘ae 3: D_oARGUTA: 4. Pinnae mostly stalked, deltoid-lanceolate; veinlets oblique, fewer, end- ing in oblique, usually curved, acute teeth__-__-__ 4. DD. FILIX-MAs. 1. Dryopteris linnaeana C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 275. 1905. Polypodium dryopteris L., Sp. Pl. 1093. 1753. Phegopteris dryopteris Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1852. Bonito Creek, White Mountains (Apache County), on steep shaded slopes (Goodding 1222). Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Virginia, Indiana, Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Oregon; Greenland; Eurasia. 2. Dryopteris feei C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 89, 264. 1905. Aspidium puberulum Fée, Mém. Foug. 10: 40. 1865. Not | Gaud., 1827. Santa Maria River, southwestern Yavapai County (Hester in 1936), Aravaipa Canyon, Graham County (Mohr in 1873). Southern Ari- zona and the coastal canyons of southern California; Baja California and Mexico generally. 30 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Watt, Canad. Nat. II. 3: 160. 1866. Aspidium argutum Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 242. 1824. Dryopteris rigida var. arguta Underw., Our Native Ferns, ed. 4, IGS Ike Dae Queen Creek Canyon above Superior, Pinal County (Harrison 2089, 3180), Superstition Mountains, Pinal County (Goodding 6151), Sierra Ancha, Gila County (Little 4221), 4,000 to 5,000 feet, along streams. Extreme southwestern Washington to southern California and Arizona. 4. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. Polypodium filiz-mas L., Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753. Aspidium filix-mas Swartz, Jour. Bot. Schrad. 18002: 106. 1801. White Mountains (Apache County), San Francisco Peaks and vicinity (Coconino County), and mountains of Graham, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 7,000 to 10,000 feet, in rich soil among rocks and along streams. Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Ver- mont, Michigan, and in the mountains to western Oklahoma, western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico; Greenland; Eurasia. From this species, known from the time of the old herbalists as male- fern, is derived the drug aspidium, used extensively as a vermifuge, especially for tapeworm. It is a violent poison, and grave consequences have resulted from overdoses. 5. Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw., Our Native Ferns, ed. 4, 117 1893. Aspidium patulum Swartz, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 38: 645) LS. Variable; widely distributed in tropical America. It is represented in the United States (Arizona only) by var. rossi C. Chr.; canyons of the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882, Goodding 1328), in moist swales; Mexico. 6. CYSTOPTERIS. BuiappERFERN Delicate small ferns of rocky or alluvial shaded. situations, the rhizomes slender and creeping; fronds ascending or recurved; blades 1- to 4-pinnate, the fertile ones commonly longer stalked and less leafy than the sterile; veins free; sori roundish, dorsal, separate; indusium membranous, hoodlike, attached at the inner side of the broad base, at first concealing the sporangia, soon thrust back. Key to the species 1. Blades narrowly triangular-lanceolate, the greatly elongate apex usually bearing bulblets beneath_____________ ih eine tok 1. CC. BULBIFERA. 1. Blades broadly lanceolate, the apex acute; bulblets wanting__ 2. C. FRAGILIS. 1. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh., Neues Jour. Bot. Schrad. 17: 10. 1806. Polypodium bulbiferum L., Sp. Pl. 1091. 1753. Filix bulbifera Underw., Our Native Ferns, ed. 6, 119. 1900. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA et! Oak Creek, Coconino County, 5,400 feet (Goldman 2188). New- foundland to Manitoba, south to Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas, and in the mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. 2. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., Neues Jour. Bot. Schrad. 17: 27. 2 f.9. 1806. Polypodium fragile L., Sp. Pl. 1091. 1753. Filiz fragilis Gilib., Exerc. Phytol. 558. 1792. White Mountains Ars County), San Francisco Peaks (Coconino ~ County), and mountains of Graham, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties 6,000 to 11,000 feet, rich moist shaded soil, among rocks and ar ound springs. Brittlefern. This is the most widely distributed of all ferns, being nearly cosmopolitan. In North America the typical form of the species ranges from Greenland to Alaska, south to northern New England, the Great Lakes region, Missouri, and in the mountains to western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. Other varieties occupy adjacent regions or partially overlap the range of the typical variety. Most of the Arizona specimens are referable to var. tenuifolia (Clute) Broun, a singularly delicate and beautiful large form. 7. WOODWARDIA. CHAINFERN Coarse ferns of moist shady situations, the stout woody rhizomes paleaceous; fronds several, in a large crown, the blades leafy, pinnate- pinnatifid; sori linear-oblong, nearly straight, borne singly on the outer vein of a continuous series of elongate costal areoles, sunken, facing inward and occupying the areoles, the elongate arching indusia persistent. 1. Woodwardia fimbriata J. E. Smith ex Rees’s Cyclop. 38: no. 6. 1818. Woodwardia chamissoi Bile in Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped. 16: 138. 1854. Willow Spring (southern Apache County), Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,300 to 7,200 feet, rich soil in canyons. British Columbia to Nevada, Arizona, and California. 8. CETERACH Small, strongly xerophilous ferns of distinctive form and habit, the rhizome short and conspicuously paleaceous; fronds rotate, the short stipes imbricate-paleaceous; blades deeply sinuate- pinnatifid, spongi- ose-coriaceous, the veins free (in the Arizona species) or partially areolate; sori linear: indusium lateral, as in Asplenium. 1. Ceterach dalhousiae (Hook.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 170. 1905. Asplenium dalhousiae Hook., a Pl. gl. 106; 1837. Asplenium alternans Wall. ex ’ Hook. swop. Pil. 3: 92; 1860. Asplenium ferrissi Clute, Fern Bul. 16: 1. 1908. Asplenium rupium Goodding, Muhlenbergia 8: 92. 1912. Mule and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 6,000 feet; shaded moist soil and 286744°—42—_3 32 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE rocky canyons. Known otherwise only from Abyssinia and the mountains of southern Asia. A similar instance of discontinuous range is that of Asplenium exiguum Bedd. This species is of doubtful systematic position. In habit it closely resembles the Old World type species of Ceterach (C. officinarum DC.), but differs in its free veins and well-developed indusia and thus might almost equally well be referred to Asplenium, as was long done. 9. ASPLENIUM. SpLeenwort Ferns of moist cliffs and rocky woods, of various habit, the rhizome scales with dark partition cell walls; fronds uniform, the blades once to several times pinnate or pinnatifid, the rachises often dark and shining; veins free; sori oblong to linear; indusia always present, attached laterally. Key to the species 1. Plants grasslike, densely tufted; blades short, alternately divided into a few very oblique, narrowly cuneate segments_______ 1. A. SEPTENTRIONALE. 1. Plants not grasslike; blades with simple or pinnately cleft or parted, spreading pinnae (2). 2. Blades narrowly lanceolate or triangular (3). 3. Leaf tissue herbaceous; blades narrowly lanceolate; pinnae subequal, narrowly,oblone, sherpliyg ime¢i1se dae 6. A. EXIGUUM. 3. Leaf tissue coriaceous; blades triangular; pinnae much larger, unequal the large basal ones deltoid, once or twice pinnately parted. A. ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 2. Blades linear; pinnae subentire to crenate or dentate (4). 4. Sori few (1 to 3), confined to the proximal side of the pinnae. . A. MONANTHES. 4. Sori numerous, in pairs, i. e. those of the distal and proximal sides about equal in number (5). 5. Pinnae distinctly toothed; fronds mostly recurved and rooting at tip. A. PALMERI. 5. Pinnae subentire or crenulate; fronds not radicant (6). 6. Stipes blackish; pinnae oblong, coriaceous, auriculate; sori short, nearer the margin than the midvein___-_____~_ 4. A. RESILIENS. 6. Stipes dark castaneous or purplish brown; pinnae oval to broadly oblong, herbaceous, not auriculate; sori narrowly oblong, medial. A. TRICHOMANES. 1. Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm., Deut. Fl. 2: 12. 1795. Acrostichum septentrionale L.., Sp. Pl. 1068. 1753. White Canyon, San Francisco Peaks, 8,000 feet, in crevices of rocks (MacDougal 68), Elden Mountain near Flagstaff (Wherry in 1940). Black Hills of South Dakota to western Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and Baja California; Eurasia. 2. Asplenium monanthes L., Mant. 1: 130. 1767. Asplenium monanthemum Murray, Syst. Veg. 933. 1784. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882, Pringle in 1884, and others), about 8,000 feet, on shaded cliffs. Known in the United States only from southern Arizona; Mexico to Chile; West Indies; Africa; Hawaiian Islands. 3. Asplenium palmeri Maxon, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 13: 39. 1909. Asplenium parvulum var. grandidentatum Goodding, Muhlen- bergia 8:92. 1912. ) Mule Mountains, Cochise County (Goodding 976), Sycamore Can- yon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Goodding 6148), Baboquivari FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 3e Canyon, Pima County (Gilman 11, Harrison 3531), moist sheltered rocky situations. New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and Guatemala. 4. Asplenium resiliens Kunze, Linnaea 18: 331. 1844. Asplenvum parvulum Mart. and Gal., Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg. 15 °:60. 1842. Not Hook., 1840. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County), Blue River Canyon (Green- lee County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Kofa Mountains (Yuma County), 2,000 to 7,000 feet, among boulders and in crevices of cliffs. Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Kansas and Arizona; Mexico to Argentina; Jamaica; Hispaniola. 5. Asplenium trichomanes L., Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753. Flagstaff (Coconino County), White River (Apache County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Rincon and Santa Cata- lina Mountains (Pima County), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, sheltered crevices of cliffs. Nova Scotia to Alaska, south to Georgia, Alabama, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona; Eurasia. — 6. Asplenium exiguum Bedd., Ferns South. India, pl. 146. 1863. Asplenium glenniet Baker in Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil., ed. 2, 488. 1873. Conservatory Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882), Sycamore Canyon, near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 3,500 feet (Goodding in 1937). In the United States known only from southeastern Arizona; northern Mexico; Asia. The Arizona specimens collected by Lemmon were distributed as ‘* Aspleni- um fontanum, var.”’ and Mexican material was the basis of A. glenniez. American specimens are indistinguishable from the Himalayan A. exiguum, a similar case of sporadic distribution being that of Ceterach dalhousiae. 7. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L., Sp. Pl. 1081. 1753. Asplenium andrewsii A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 17: 174. 1904. . Mountain slopes near Flagstaff, in rocky crevices (Whitehead 2051). Known otherwise in the United States only from Zion National Park, Utah, and from Boulder Canyon, Colorado, the type locality of A. andrewsii; Eurasia and Africa. 10. ATHYRIUM Large ferns of graceful upright habit; rhizomes stout, paleaceous, the scales membranous, with thin-walled cells; fronds ample, erect- spreading, the blades elongate, 2- to 3-pinnate, thin-herbaceous; sori dorsal, oblique, oblong or crossing the vein and recurved, becoming lunate or hippocrepiform; indusia shaped like the sori, delicate, facing outward. 1. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Roem. Arch. Bot. 2': 106. 1799. Polypodium filia-femina L., Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753. A polymorphic Eurasian species, ranging from Newfoundland and Quebec to Alaska, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California, the typical form being ascribed to the region from British Columbia to Wyoming, Colorado, and Oregon. 34 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Ladyfern. Arizona specimens pertain to var. californicum Butters, which extends trom southern Idaho and western Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. White Mountains (Apache County), Chiri- cahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 7,000 to 8,000 feet; rich shaded ground about springs and along streams. 11. PITYROGRAMMA Ferns of dryish banks and ledges, the stoutish rhizomes paleaceous; fronds clustered, long-stipitate; blades 1- to 3-pinnate, deltoid-pentag- onal in the Arizona species, densely ceraceous beneath; sporangia following the short, spreading, branched veinlets throughout, conflu- ent with age. 1. Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium l7= 173%. 093: Gymnogramma triangulare Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 73. 1824. The typical form ranges from British Columbia (Vancouver Island) to Nevada and Baja California. . Goldfern. In Arizona the species is represented by var. mazonii Weatherby, which is not uncommon in Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 2,500 feet, on rock ledges; type from Rincon Mountains (Blumer 3271). This variety occurs also in southern Cali- fornia, Sonora, and Baja California. 12. BOMMERIA Small ferns of rocky situations, the rhizomes wide-creeping; fronds uniform; blades palmately divided, broadly pentagonal, the divisions bipinnatifid, conspicuously hairy; sori linear, following the course of the veins, nonindusiate. 1. Bommeria hispida (Mett.) Underw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: G35. 902% Gymnogramme hispida Mett. 1 Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 72. 1869. Mountains of Yavapai, Gila, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, on shaded cliffs. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 13. PFERIDIUM. Bracken Coarse ferns, the slender, woody rhizome wide-creeping under- eround; fronds borne singly, large; blades deltoid-ovate, pinnately de- compound; veins free; sori linear, borne on a continuous transverse receptacle connecting the vein ends; indusium double, the conspicu- ous outer one formed by the reflexed membranous leaf margin, the inner one minute, facing outward beneath the sporangia. 1. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Decken, Reisen, III. Bot. Ost-Afrika 11. 1879. Pieris agnling te Spr Pls A075s Wiad. Viewed broadly, this is a nearly cosmopolitan species, the type European. Arizona material is referable to var. pubescens Underw., which occurs in Quebec and the Great Lakes region, and from Alaska south to South Dakota, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 39 In Arizona it is very common in open pine forests, 7,000 to 8,000 feet; Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), and White Mountains (Apache County), to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties. This fern is reported to be poisonous to cattle and horses when eaten in large quantities, but the poisonous properties may be elimi- nated by cooking. and the rootstocks and young fronds have been utilized for food. 14. ADIANTUM. MaIpENHAIR Delicate graceful ferns of moist situations, the slender creeping rhizome paleaceous; fronds clustered, ascending or pendent, the stipes purplish black, polished; blades 2- to 3-pinnate at base; sori appear- ing marginal, the sporangia borne on the underside of sharply reflexed lobes. 1. Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Sp. Pl. 1096. 1753. Adiantum modestum Underw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 46. 1901. Adiantum rimicola Slosson, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 41: 308. 1914. ; Throughout most of the State, 1,600 to 6,000 feet, mostly on moist cliffs and in springy places. Virginia to Florida, west to Missouri, Utah, southern California, and the Mexican border region; also western South Dakota and southern British Columbia; widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. 15. CHEILANTHES. Liprern Small xerophilous ferns, mostly with pubescent, tomentose, or im- bricate-paleaceous foliage; fronds uniform; blades 1- to 4-pinnate, the ultimate segments commonly minute; sori borne at the enlarged tips of the veins, usually numerous and narrowly confluent, protected by the recurved, more or less modified leaf margin or (as in C. lendigera) by an introrse membranous proper indusium. Key to the species 1. Rhizomes massive, multicipital, the divisions erect or decumbent, scarcely ereeping (2). 2. Leaf blades devoid of seales (3). 3. Blades deltoid-ovate, subpentagonal, membranous, reddish-glandular be- neath, otherwise glabrous throughout_____-______ 1. C. PYRAMIDALIS. 3. Blades linear-oblong to ovate, herbaceous, laxly whitish-villous above, densely fulvous-tomentose beneath____________------- 2. (C. FEEI. 2. Leaf blades scaly, at least along the primary rachis (4). 4, Pinnae copiously imbricate-paleaceous beneath, the large whitish ovate scales concealing the segments; segments coarsely villous above, the featE Lele ala huisil. GORGUOUS 252° 2S. ee ee 3. CO. VILLOSA. 4. Pinnae imbricate-paleaceous along the rachis, the scales not concealing the segments; segments not coarsely villous above (5). 5. Segments hoary above, densely tomentose on both surfaces, the en- tangled hairs closely enveloping and joining the fragile segments. 4. (CC. BATONI. 5. Segments green and delicately villous-tomentose above, glabrescent with age, separate, not entangled (6). 6. Seales of rachises nearly capillary, pale cinnamomeous, lax. C. TOMENTOSA. 6. Scales more abundant, extending to the minor rachises, narrowly lan- PeOlsbes CosGaneOuse = oo oe ee su 3>2'6.\ ‘CL GASPANRA. 36 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Rhizomes slender, creeping, often widely so, or if condensed the branches elongate (7). 7. Blades devoid of scales (8). 8. Segments round to obovate, beadlike, glabrous above, beneath (together with rachises) densely clothed with long ferruginous hairs; indusium membranous, very broad, covering most of the segment. . C. LENDIGERA. 8. Segments elongate, not beadlike, glabrous throughout; indusium firm, narrow (9). 9. Stipe and rachises black, terete, shining; sori subcontinuous, the indusium NMG aT SoS. ie 2 se hee ee 8. C. ALABAMENSIS. 9. Stipe and rachises light brown, with a broad deep ventral groove, dull; sori distinct, at end of ultimate lobes, the indusia short. 9. C. WRIGHTII. 7. Blades copiously paleaceous, at least upon the rachises (10). 10. Pinnae closely canescent-tomentulose above, the hairs persistent, en- HENAN ONE se a ON e ee ee ee 10. C. LINDHEIMERI. 10. Pinnae glabrous (11). 11. Scales of blade invariably long-ciliate, widely imbricate, wholly cover- ing or exceeding the segments (12). 12. Rhizome scales persistent, narrow, attenuate, rigid, dark brown, strongly sclerotic; scales of blade lightly attached above the sinus of the deeply cordate base, the lobes overlapping. C. COVILLEI. 12. Rhizome scales deciduous, relatively broad, acuminate, membran- ous, usually pale brown, never strongly sclerotic; scales of blade firmly attached at the subcordate or cordate base. 12. C. woorTont. 11. Seales of blade slightly sinuate-denticulate, nonciliate, loosely imbri- cate or spreading (13). 13. Blades mostly oblong-lanceolate; scales large, firm, straight, borne on ali the vascular parts and nearly covering the segments; leaf tissue CORIACEOUS H 2.2 ess eee eee 13. CC. FENDLERI. 13. Blades roundish-ovate or deltoid; scales much smaller, very delicate, lax, flexuous, borne only on the rachises, not at all concealing the pinnules; leaf tissue membrano-herbaceous___ 14. CC. PRINGLET, 1. Cheilanthes pyramidalis Fée, Mém. Foug.7: 38. 1857. A highly variable species, widely distributed in Mexico and Central America, represented in the United States by var. arizonica (Maxon) Broun, confined to the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lem- mon in 1882, Goodding 760, 1327, type), rich, moist soil, slopes and canyons. 2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Ind. Fil. xxxvii. 1857. Myriopteris gracilis Fée, Gen. Fil. 150. 1852. Cheilanthes gracilis Mett., Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesell. 3: 80. 1859. Not Kaulf., 1824. Almost throughout the State, 2,000 to 7,000 feet, on dry rocky slopes and cliffs. Illinois and southern Minnesota to British Colum- bia, south to the Mexican border region from Texas to southern California. 3. Cheilanthes villosa Davenp., Cat. Davenport Herbarium Sup. 45. 1883. Sierra Estrella (Maricopa County), Mule and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina and Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County); graniticor limestone slopes and ledges. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA » Be 4. Cheilanthes eatoni Baker in Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil. 140. 1867. Holbrook (Navajo County), Elden Mountain (Coconino County), and mountains of Graham, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, on dry rocky slopes and cliffs, often in chaparral. Oklahoma and central Texas to Colorado, Arizona, and Mexico. 5. Cheilanthes tomentosa Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 42. 1833. Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita, Santa Cata- lina, and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), in shaded rocky places. Virginia to Georgia and northern Arkansas, west to Arizona; Mexico. 6. Cheilanthes castanea Maxon, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 32: 111. 1919. Mule Mountains and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), near Nogales (Santa Cruz County), Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 4,000 to 6,000 feet, on rocky slopes and cliffs. Oklahoma and western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 7. Cheilanthes lendigera (Cav.) Swartz, Syn. Fil. 128. 1806. Pteris lendigera Cav., Desc. Pl. 268. 1802. Pomatophytum pocillatum M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 16: £2. 71930: Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), about 6,000 feet, under dry cliffs, rare, the type of Pomatophytum pocillatum from Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Jones 24690). Also in western Texas; Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador. 8. Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze, Linnaea 20: 4. 1847. Pteris alabamensis Buckl., Amer. Jour. Sei. 45: 177. 1843. Conservatory Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882). Virginia to Alabama, west to southwestern Missouri and Arizona; Mexico; mountains of Jamaica. 9. Cheilanthes wrightii Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 87. 1852. Mountains of Greenlee, Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky slopes and ledges. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 10. Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 101. 1852. Myriopteris lindheimerit J. Smith in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 340. 1854. Mountains of Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 8,000 feet, dry slopes among rocks; common. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 11. Cheilanthes covillei Maxon, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 31: 147. 1918. Black Mountains (Mohave County) to mountains of Cochise, Gila, and Pinal Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, cliffs and rock ledges. South- western Utah and Arizona to southern California, and Baja California. 38 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 12. Cheilanthes wootoni Maxon, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 31: 146. 1918. Clear Creek (Coconino or Navajo County), and mountains of Yavapai, Graham, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,500 feet, rock ledges and among boulders; com- mon. Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, and western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico (Sonora). 13. Cheilanthes fendleri Hook., Sp. Fil. 2:103. 1852. Slate Mountain (Coconino County), Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and cliffs. Western Texas to Colorado and Arizona. 14. Cheilanthes pringlei Davenp., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 61. 1883. Cheilanthes sonorensis Goodding, Muhlenbergia 8: 92. 1912. Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,000 to 5,000 feet, at base of cliffs. Known only from Arizona, the type collected by Pringle in 1883, and northern Mexico. 16. PELLAEA. C.LIFFBRAKE Rather small, rock-inhabiting ferns, with erect, nearly glabrous foliage; fronds uniform, the blades 1- to 4-pinnate; segments cori- aceous, varying in shape and size; veins free; sori terminal on the veins, laterally confluent in a broad intramarginal line, usually concealed at first by the reflexed or revolute, continuous, indusiform margin, the border modified or not. Key to the species 1. Rhizomes cordlike, creeping, often widely so; stipe and rachises buff or pale bro wanishit Se0e hee Coane bE eee ne ee ee ee 1. P. INTERMEDIA. 1. Rhizomes thick, multicipital; stipe and rachises castaneous to atropurpureous (Oye 2. Seales of rhizome concolorous, light to dark ferruginous (8). 3. Blades once pinnate, or the basal pinnae sometimes ternately cleft or divided at base; rachises smooth_____________- 2. P. SUKSDORFIANA. 3. Blades bipinnate nearly throughout; rachises scabrous. 3. P. ATROPURPUREA. 2. Seales of rhizome bicolorous, i. e., with a sharply defined, linear, blackish median stipe (4). 4. Blades triangular-ovate; pinnae with 6 to 10 pairs of segments, these sessile or short-stalked, articulate, grayish-pruinose. 4. P. LONGIMUCRONATA. 4. Blades linear to narrowly lanceolate; pinnae ternately divided or with 1 to 4 pairs of semiadnate or sessile segments (5). 5. Stipe and rachis castaneous; pinnae commonly with 2 or 3 pairs of spaced segments or, if ternately divided, the apical segment stalked. 5. P. WRIGHTIANA. 5. Stipe and rachis atropurpureous, glaucous; pinnae ternately cleft or divided or, if (rarely) pinnate, the 3 segments subequal, the apical one Sometimes, stalked2s=" i eee ee 6. P. TERNIFOLIA, 1. Pellaea intermedia Mett. in Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 84. 1869. Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), near Patagonia (Santa Cruz County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 7,000 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA . 39 feet, dry rocky slopes and in crevices of limestone ledges. South- western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 2. Pellaea suksdorfiana Butters, Amer. Fern Jour. 11: 40. 1921. Pellaea glabella var. simplex Butters, Amer. Fern Jour. 7: 84. OL Near Jacobs Lake, Kaibab Plateau, 8,000 feet, on rocky southern slopes (Korstian and Baker in 1917). British Columbia and Washing- ton, south to Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 3. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841. Pteris atropurpurea L., Sp. Pl. 1076. 1753. Heber (Navajo County), and mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 6,500 teet, on cliffs. Vermont and Ontario to Wisconsin and western South Dakota, south to northwestern Florida, the Gulf States, New Mexico, and Arizona; Mexico and western Guatemala. 4. Pellaea longimucronata Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 143. 1858. Pellaea wrightiana var. longimucronata Davenp., Cat. Daven- port Herbarium Sup. 46. 1883. Pellaea truncata Goodding, Muhlenbergia 8: 94. 1912. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) to Kingman (Mohave County), south to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, among rocks and on cliffs; very common. Colorado and New Mexico, west to Nevada and Arizona; northern Mexico (Chihuahua). The type of P. truncata is from the Mule Mountains (Goodding 977). 5. Pellaea wrightiana Hook., Sp. Fil. 2: 142. 1858. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County), mountains of Graham, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, among rocks and on cliffs. Southwestern Oklahoma and central Texas, west to Arizona. 6. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841. Pieris ternifolia Cav., Desc. Pl. 266. 1802. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, on dry cliffs (Patzky in 1899, Goodding 766). Western Texas and southeastern Arizona; Mexico to Peru; Hispaniola. 17. NOTHOLAENA. CLOAKFERN Small, rock-loving, xerophilous ferns, with glandular, ceraceous, paleaceous, or hairy foliage; fronds rigid, the blades 1- to 4-pinnate, linear to deltoid or pentagonal; sori mostly submarginal, roundish or oblong, borne at or near the end of the veins (in some species decur- rent), somewhat confluent laterally. Indusia wanting, the margins mostly recurved and partially covering the sporangia. Key to the species 1. Blades simply pinnate (2). 2. Pinnae coarsely lobed, deciduously stellate-paleaceous above, very densely imbricate-paleaceous OMe R Uli teen ee Peel as eee 1. N. SINUATA. 2. Pinnae pinnatifid (segments narrow), villosulous above, densely tomentose Peer Or Wine reerer aes ern or iy ee an | Se el Se She eS SINGS Ree 40 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Blades 2- to 4-pinnate, or barely bipinnate in Nos. 5 and 7 (3). 3. Pinnae ak above, beneath densely paleaceous or hairy, not obviously cera- ceous (4). 4. Stipes stout, scaly; blades bipinnate; segments large, linear-oblong, thinly stellate-hairy above, beneath covered with imbricate ciliate scales. 3. N. ASCHENBORNIANA. 4. Stipes slender, wiry, hirsute; blades tripinnate; segments small, roundish or ovate-oblong, coarsely grayish-hirsute-tomentose above, buff- tomentose. beneath "2.2 S22 Ue Sey LRU pe eee 4, N. PARRYI. 3. Pinnae glabrous or minutely glandular-pulverulent above, ceraceous beneath except in N. jonesii, sparsely paleaceous also in N. grayi (5). 5. Blades linear to narrowly oblong (6). 6. Rachis light brown, bearing numerous attenuate, yellowish-brown scales, these extending to the minor rachises and the midveins beneath. 5s INS Gains 6. Rachis atropurpureous, naked; no scales upon the pinnae. N. LEMMONI. 5. Blades ovate, triangular, or pentagonal (7). 7. Blades barely bipinnate, the basal pinnae bipartite; rachis free only PEEL OS Yo (e Wt pmo Re SY heer OINURY RIN Don Rr PN aye ae aes ea 7. N. STANDLEYI. 7. Blades fully 2- to 4-pinnate (8). 8. Segments devoid of ceraceous covering________-__ 8. N. JONESII. 8. Segments densely ceraceous beneath, sparingly glandular-ceraceous above (9). 9. Pinnae and pinnules long-stalked____________ 9. N. LIMITANEA. 9. Pinnae and pinnules sessile (10). 10. Stipes reddish brown; blades broadly pentagonal; rhizome Scaleskconcolonous = see 10. N. CALIFORNICA. 10. Stipes black; blades narrower, acuminate; rhizome _ scales bicolorouses 2a 2 was ae one 1) No NEGLECTA. 1. Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaulf., Enum. Fil. 135. 1824. Acrostichum sinuatum Lag. ex Swartz, Syn. Fil. 14. 1806. Canyons of the Colorado (Coconino and Mohave Counties), to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 7,000 feet; dry rocky slopes and crevices, often on limestone; very common. Western Oklahoma and Texas to southern California; Mexico to Chile; Jamaica; Hispaniola. This species is highly variable. A form with narrow blades and small few-lobed pinnae is var. crenata Lemmon, having substantially the same range in Arizona as the typical form, with which it intergrades. It was long known erroneously as N. sinuata var. integerrima Hook.., a name properly belonging to a Mexican form. More recently it has been described as N. cochisensis Goodding (Muhlenbergia 8: 93. 1912) on specimens from the Huachuca Mountains (Goodding 373). 2. Notholaena aurea (Poir.) Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 219. S22 Pteris aurea Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 5: 710. 1804. Acrostichum bonariense Willd., Sp. Pl. 5: 114. 1810. Notholaena bonariensis C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 459. 1906. Willow Spring (southern Apache County) and mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, dry ledges and rocky slopes. Texas to Arizona; Mexico to Argentina; Jamaica; Hispaniola. 3. Notholaena aschenborniana Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 417. 1847. Mule Mountains, Cochise County (Goodding 1387), Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Pringle in 1884), dry rocky slopes. West- ern Texas to Arizona and Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 4d 4. Notholaena parryi D. C. Eaton, Amer. Nat. 9: 351. 1875. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Pagumpa and Yucca (Mohave County) to Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, dry hot situations, crevices of canyon walls and among rocks; very common. Southwestern Utah and Arizona to the desert region of southern California. 5. Notholaena grayi Davenp., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 7: 50. 1880. Notholaena hypoleuea Goodding, Muhlenbergia 8: 24. 1912. Near Clifton (Greenlee County), mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, dry rocky slopes; type from southeastern Arizona (Courtis); the type of N. hypoleuca is from the Mule Mountains (Goodding 1004). Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 6. Notholaena lemmoni D. C. Eaton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 7: 63. 1880. Rincon, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet. Known only from Arizona (the type, Lemmon in 1880) and northern Mexico. 7. Notholaena standleyi Maxon, Amer. Fern Jour. 5: 1. 1915. Notholaena hookeri D.C. Eaton in Wheeler, U.S. Survey 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 308. 1879. Not Lowe, 1856. Greenlee, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,100 to 6,500 feet, among rocks; common. Western Oklahoma and Texas to Colorado, Arizona, and Mexico. 8. Notholaena jonesii Maxon, Amer. Fern Jour. 7: 108. 1917. Vasey’s Paradise, Coconino County (Clover and Jotter 2254), near Superior, Pinal County (Whitehead 1806), crevices of limestone cliffs. Southern Utah and Arizona to southern California. 9. Notholaena limitanea Maxon, Amer. Fern Jour. 9: 70. 1919. Clear Creek Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park (Coconino County), and mountains of Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, hillsides and cliffs. Western Texas to southern Utah and Arizona. The var. mexicana (Maxon) Broun, founded on matérial from Chi- huahua, Mexico, is represented by a collection from the Chiricahua Mountains, 6,000 feet (Blumer 2390). It differs in its narrower and less divided blades and its larger segments. Northern Mexico; several collections. 10. Notholaena californica D. C. Eaton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 27. 1888. Near Congress Junction, Yavapai County (Wooton in 1892), Tule Tank, Yuma County (Wiggins 6577), Tinajas Altas, Yuma County (Whitehead in 1936), 1,000 to 3,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and canyons. Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. 11. Notholaena neglecta Maxon, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 17: 602. 1916. Cochise County in the Mule Mountains (Goodding 1384) and Hua- chuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882), south faces of limestone cliffs. Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 42 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. MARSILEACEAE. Prprrrwort FAMILY Aquatic or semiaquatic, perennial plants with long-creeping, branched, hairy rhizomes, rooting in mud; leaves in 2 rows, circinate in bud, herbaceous, the long-stipitate blades 4-foliolate, cloverlike; sporocarps borne at base of stipe, large, bony, 2-celled vertically, containing both megaspores and microspores. 1. MARSILEA. Prprrrwort 1. Marsilea vestita Hook. and Grev., Icon. Fil. 2: 159. 1831. Prescott, Yavapai County, about 5,000 feet, in a pond (Kearney and Peebles 12784), and near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon 2896). South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico; naturalized in Florida. 4, AZOLLACEAE. AZOLLA FAMILY Fugacious, very small, floating, mosslike plants, the stems bearing roots below; leaves minute, green or reddish green, borne alternately in 2 rows upon short branches, deeply bilobed, the lower lobe sub- mersed; sori completely indusiate, borne in pairs on the submersed lobes, one acorn-shaped, containing a single megasporangium, the other globose, containing numerous microsporangia. 1. AZOLLA 1. Azolla caroliniana Willd., Sp. Pl. 5: 541. 1810. Camp Lowell, near Tucson, Pima County, in running water (Roth- rock 714). New York to Alaska, south to Florida, Arizona, and California; tropical America; sporadic, perhaps owing to escape from cultivation. Mosquito-fern. >. ISOETACEAE. QvuILLwortT FAMILY Small, submersed or partially emersed plants of ponds, streams, or moist depressions; stems short, cormlike, crowned by numerous crowded, subulate, inflated leaves; sporangia axillary, borne within the enlarged hollow leaf bases, producing large subspherical mega- spores and very numerous, powdery, angled microspores. 1. ISOETES. QvuILLWorT 1. Isoetes bolanderi Engelm., Amer. Nat. 8: 214. 1874. In a small lake about 2 miles east of Tunnel Road, Black Mesa Forest Reserve (Coville 1053). Mountain ponds and lakes, British Columbia to Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and California. The var. pygmaea (Engelm.) Clute (lsoetes pygmaea Engelm.) was collected in the Huachuca Mountains by Lemmon; known otherwise only from Mono Pass, Calif., and Walker Lake, Nev. It differs from ie typical form of the species in its stouter and somewhat shorter eaves. 6. EQUISETACEAE. HorseETaIL FAMILY Rushlike plants of low places, the rhizomes perennial, wide-creeping; stems mostly erect, cylindric, fluted, siliceous, simple or with whorled FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA | 43 branches at the solid sheathed nodes; leaves minute, united lengthwise to form nodal sheaths, the tips free or connivent, persistent or de- ciduous; fruit a terminal cone formed of stalked peltate bracts, these bearing a few sporangia beneath; spores uniform, provided with 4 hygroscopic bands; gametophytes minute, dioecious, green. 1. EQUISETUM. MHorseErai. Key to the species 1. Aerial stems dimorphous, the fertile ones flesh-colored, succulent, withering; sterile stems green, with numerous slender branches in dense verticils. 1. E. ARVENSE. 1. Aerial stems uniform, simple or sometimes a few branches borne basally or in irregular whorls (2). 2. Spikes blunt or acutish; aerial stems annual_-_--_---_-_---- 2. KE. KANSANUM. 2. Spikes rigidly apiculate; aerial stems evergreen, persisting 2 or more sea- sons (8). 3. Sheaths distinctly longer than broad, dilated upward, the lower ones with aadarkespandOeplOW = ss eee es ee Yas 3. EE. LAEVIGATUM. 3. Sheaths nearly or quite as broad as long, nearly cylindric, tight, mostly ashy at maturity, with 2 dark bands (4). 4. Ridges of the stem with a row of elevated cross bands of silica; leaves sharply 3-carinate, the central keel sometimes grooved. 4, HK. PREALTUM. 4. Ridges usually with 2 distinct rows of silica tubercles; leaves 4-carinate, the central groove usually well defined_---_-__- 5. HE. HYEMALE. 1. Equisetum arvense L., Sp. Pl. 1061. 1753. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County), Ryan Ranch, White Mountains (Apache County), Sierra Ancha (Gila County), 6, 000 to 7,000 feet, moist soil along streams. Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, southward nearly throughout the United States; Greenland; Eurasia. 2. Equisetum kansanum Schaffn., Ohio Nat. 13: 21. 1912. Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, marshes and springy places; sometimes a weed in cultivated land. Ontario to British Columbia, southward to Ohio, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California; northern Mexico (Chi- huahua). 3. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br., Amer. Jour. Sci. 46: 87. 1844. Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium A. A. Eaton, Fern Bul. 10: 120s. 1902. Equisetum intermedium Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 1053. 1917. Tuba and near Flagstaff (Coconino County), near Fort Huachuca (Cochise County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet; moist alluvial thickets and sandy banks. New York to British Columbia, south to Illinois, Missouri, Texas, and the Mexican border region to southern Cali- fornia; Mexico and Guatemala. 4, Equisetum prealtum Raf., Fl. Ludovic. 13. 1817. Equisetum robustum A. Br., Amer. Jour. Sci. 46: 88. 1844. Chinle Creek (Apache County), Oak Creek Canyon (Coconino County), Sierra Ancha (Gila County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, springy places and along streams. Nova Scotia to British Columbia, southward nearly throughout the United States; Mexico. A4 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 5. Equisetum hyemale L., Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753. A Eurasian species, represented in Arizona by var. californicum Milde, in moist alluvial situations: Coconino County, at Navajo Mountain (Wetherill), Cedar Ranch (MacDougal 394), and Oak Creek (Fulton 7379), 6,000 to 7,000 feet, springy places. Alaska to Cali- fornia, Arizona, and New Mexico. 7. SELAGINELLACEAE. SELAGINELLA FAMILY Low, depressed or creeping, leafy terrestrial plants of mosslike habit; leaves (in the Arizona species) arranged spirally in many ranks, imbricate, minute; sporangia borne in quadrangular sessile terminal spikes of modified leaves (sporophylls), axillary, of 2 kinds, the larger ones containing 3 or 4 large megaspores, the smaller ones very numerous minute, reddish or orange, powdery microspores. 1. SELAGINELLA Key to the species 1. Plants strongly dorsiventral, all the divisions flattish; leaves unequal, those of the under ranks obliquely imbricate, upecurved and clasping. 1. S. ARIZONICA. 1. Plants not at all dorsiventral; leaves alike, equally ascending or appressed- imbricate on all sides (2). 2. Stems widely creeping, rooting sparingly throughout (8). 3. Plants bright green; leaves oblique, 2 to 3 mm. long, subulate-attenuate, distantly short-ciliate, ending in a long, greenish-white, scabrous Seas 2 et eA are eee eee ee eee 2. S. UNDERWOODII. 3. Plants grayish green, the divisions cordlike; leaves closely appressed, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, ovate-oblong, freely longer-ciliate, acutish, the seta -obsoletes2 2252 Doe. Se ae ee ee eee 3. SS. MUTICA 2. Stems rigidly ascending or erect, rooting only at extreme base (4). 4. Leaves whitish-marginate, lance-acicular, evenly attenuate to a very long, Stith, ayellowuish=wihiteisetaa s2e = ee es ee 4. §. RUPINCOLA. 4. Leaves not marginate, subulate-attenuate to an acutish apex, giving rise rather abruptly to the short whitish-hyaline seta__5. S. NEOMEXICANA. 1. Selaginella arizonica Maxon, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 72°: 5. 1920. Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 4,500 feet, rocky ledges and cliffs; type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Shreve in 1914). Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 2. Selaginella underwoodii Hieron. in Engl. and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- mon, ees (Ala IG ONIL San Francisco Peaks, Walnut Creek, and Oak Creek (Coconino County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua Moun- tains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 5,500 to 7,500 feet, cliffs and rock ledges. Western Texas to Wyoming and Arizona. 3. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton ex Underw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. De M7435. ester. Navajo County, probably near Pence (Wetherill 536), Grand Canyon, Coconino County (several collections), Chiricahua Moun- tains (Toumey in 1894), 6,500 feet or lower, damp cliffs. Western Texas to Colorado and Arizona. 4. Selaginella rupincola Underw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 129. 1898. Chiricahua and Dragoon Mountains (Cochise County), Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County), Santa Rita and Santa Catalina FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Ad Mountains (Pima County), 3,000 to 6,000 feet, dry cliffs and ledges. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 5. Selaginella neomexicana Maxon, Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 72 °:2. 1920. Paradise, Cochise County, about 5,000 feet (J. H. Ferriss in 1904). Westernmost Texas to southern Arizona. SPERMATOPHYTA. FLOWERING PLANTS Seed-producing plants, the first phase of the life cycle very brief and concealed. Pollen grains (microspores) borne in anther sacs (micro- sporangia). Ovules (macrosporangia) enclosed in an ovary (except in the Gymnospermae), each ovule containing an embryo sac (macro- spore). Embryo resulting from the union of an egg cell in the embryo sac and a pollen grain, the ovule thereupon developing into a seed containing the embryo, the latter usually consisting of 1 or more leaves (cotyledons), a hypocotyl and radicle, and a terminal bud (plumule). KEY TO THE CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES 1. Stigma none; ovules and seeds not enclosed, borne on the face of a scale or [pave a ale Oa a ha Se ene ae eee ee ee a Class GYMNOSPERMAE. 1. Stigma or stigmas present; ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary). Class ANGIOSPERMAE (2). 2. Cotyledon usually 1; flower parts commonly in 3’s; stem not differentiated into bark, wood, and pith (endogenous); veins of the leaves mostly longi- tudinally parallel (sometimes with netted veinlets between the parallel Principal Wels) ees jes A ty Subclass MonocoTYLEDONEAE. 2. Cotyledons usually 2; flower parts commonly not in 3’s; stem differentiated into bark, wood, and pith (exogenous); veins of the leaves seldom parallel (commonly branching at a greater or less angle from the mid- vein, this alone extending the whole length of the leaf). : Subclass DicoTyYLEDONEAE (8). 3. Perianth none, or single or appearing so, with segments all much alike in Lemigie ane seOlone on ee ee Fe SE Series 1. APETALAE. 3. Perianth present, evidently double, the outer segments (calyx) and the inner segments (corolla) usually conspicuously different in texture and color (4). 4. Petals separate or united only at base______~_ Series 2. PoOLYPETALAE. A. Petals united well above the base__________-_ Series 8. GAMOPETALAE. GY MNOSPERMAE Key to the families 1. Stems not jointed; leaves narrowly linear or needlelike, or else scalelike, crowded, and imbricate; fruits in woody cones, or berrylike___1. PINACEAE. 1. Stems jointed; leaves reduced to scales, these distant, opposite, or in whorls 6ts srliLs 1m smallest nin-scaled: cones... 2-2-2. - 2. GNETACEAE. ANGIOSPERMAE-MONOCOTYLEDONEAE Key to the families 1. Plants strictly aquatic, immersed in or floating on the surface of water; perianth none or inconspicuous (2). 2. Flowers perfect, in spikes, 4-merous; leaves alternate, with or without broad floating blades: Genus Potamogeton_____ ~~~ 5. NAIADACEAE. 2. Flowers unisexual (3). 3. Stems elongate; leaves narrowly linear or filiform, mostly opposite or whorled; flowers axillary, solitary cr in small umbellike clusters. - 5. NAIADACEAE. 5 In this key, as well as in the keys to the families, the genera in each family, and the species in each genus, the characterizations are restricted so as to apply only to forms that oceur in Arizona. 46 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Stems very short or none, the plants floating; inflorescences subtended by spathes (4). 4. Plants reduced to small frondlike floating bodies without differentiation of stem and leaf; inflorescence 2- or 3-flowered, borne on the edge of -the) Hiromdle. = 82 a2). 2 ES a er 12. LEMNACEAE. 4, Plants differentiated but stem very short; leaves in a rosette, with broadly obovate blades and short petioles; inflorescence several flowered; -spathe *\winile: :pss5 2 at eee eee 11. ARACEAE. 1. Plants terrestrial or semiaquatic or, if strictly aquatic, then the perianth relatively large and showy (5). 5. Perianth none or very rudimentary, reduced to bristles or minute scales (6). 6. Flowers not individually subtended by scales or assembled in spikelets, unisexual, very numerous in a dense cylindric spike with the staminate Howersaboved Nisa) boo.) he, Leer ee 3. TYPHACEAE. 6. Flowers individually subtended by scales (glumes) and assembled in spikelets, these sometimes reduced to 1 flower; leaves with a sheathlike basal portion enclosing the stem (7). 7. Stems round or flat, usually hollow except at the joints; leaves 2-ranked, the sheath commonly split; flowers with a 2-nerved scale (palea) NOXG CO CHE AMIS oy ee nee ee 8. GRAMINEAE. 7. Stems often triangular, usually solid; leaves 3-ranked, the sheath not split; flowers without a 2-nerved scale next to the axis. 9. CYPERACEAE. 5. Perianth evident, at least in the pistillate flowers (8). 8. Divisions of the perianth not showy, greenish or brownish; plants mostly of wet ground (9). 9. Perianth relatively large, regular, the 6 divisions resembling the glumes of grasses in) texture; flowers perfeet__=_-__-=_2— 16. JUNCACEAE. 9. Perianth small (10). 10. Flowers unisexual, in dense round heads, the fruiting inflorescences burlike; perianth of the pistillate flowers irregular, the divisions chaffy, the staminate flowers naked_-_-___-_-_ 4, SPARGANIACEAE. 10. Flowers perfect, in slender elongate racemes; perianth regular, the divisions not chaffy or glumelike__________ 6. JUNCAGINACEAE. 8. Divisions of the perianth (at least the inner ones) showy, petallike (11). 11. Plants trees, with a tall trunk; leaf blades fan-shaped, many ribbed, eepliyn Tobe dL capa a ats ta a ae Be ahs 10. Paumag. 11. Plants not trees or, if treelike, then the leaves not fan-shaped or lobed (12). 12. Plants epiphytic (growing on the branches of trees). 13. BROMELIACBEAE. 12. Plants terrestrial (rooted in soil), or aquatic (18). 13. Pistils several or many, in a head or ring; ovary 1-celled; flowers perfect/or jumMisextiale- 22. Sei eee ee 7. ALISMACEAE. 13. Pistil one; ovary usually 3-celled, or the ovules on 3 placentae; flowers mostly perfect (14). 14. Stamens more than 3, commonly 6, some of them (in genus Commelina) often imperfect (15). 15. Perianth adnate below to the ovary and appearing as if borne ponsite 2 222s eae 18. AMARYLLIDACEAE. 15. Perianth free from the ovary or nearly so (16). 16. Segments of the perianth sharply differentiated, the outer ones green, sepallike, the inner ones petallike, fugacious, not bearing glands; flowering stems not from a Koil io ore ae se 14. COMMELINACEAE. 16. Segments of the perianth not sharply differentiated or, if so (in genus Calochortus), then the inner ones bearing a conspicuous fringed gland and the flowering stems POT FAO UL gis Ss pe al ee 17. LiILIAcEAE. 14. Stamens 3 or fewer (17). 17. Perianth very irregular, adnate below to the ovary; stamens 1 or 2; flowers not subtended by spathes. 20. ORCHIDACEAE. 17. Perianth regular or very nearly so; stamens 3; flowers sub- ° tended by spathelike bracts (18). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA A7 18. Ovary superior; plants aquatic or semiaquatic; leaves TDs LIL | os ee a a 15. PONTEDERIACEAE. 18. Ovary inferior; plants terrestrial; leaves equitant (in 2 ranks, enfolding one another) __--_--_-_ 19. IRImDAcEAE. ANGIOSPERMAE-DICOTYLEDONEAE Series 1. APETALAE Key to the families i. Flowers (of one or both sexes) in catkins or catkinlike racemes or spikes; plants mostly trees or shrubs (2). 2. Pistillate flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters, the staminate flowers in catkins (3). 3. Fruit small, achenelike, enveloped by a winged calyx; leaves narrow, entire, fleshy: Genus Sarcobatus__________-_ 34. CHENOPODIACEAE. 3. Fruit large, nutlike; leaves large, not fleshy (4). 4. Leaves pinnately compound; nut with a thick hard shell; cotyledons ro DE ee oe ee ee ee 23. JUGLANDACEAE. 4. Leaves simple (sometimes deeply lobed); nut (acorn) with a relatively thin shell, partly enclosed in a cuplike involucre; cotyledons entire. 25. FAGACEAE. 2. Pistillate (and usually the staminate) flowers in catkins or catkinlike in- florescences (5). 5. Flowers monoecious, the pistillate ones subtended by conspicuous bracts; Seish IE CTE ae a 24. BETULACEAE. 5. Flowers dioecious or, if monoecious, not conspicuously bracted and the pistillate catkins fleshy at maturity (6). 6. Perianth none; fruit a capsule; seeds with a conspicuous tuft of silky Tot ES ee eee ee eee mar eee Ae, 2S oe See ES 22. SALICACEAE. 6. Perianth present, at least in the staminate flowers (7). 7. Fruits numerous, fused into a compound fleshy fruit, or dry and subtended by conspicuous papery bracts; leaf blades usually RET te COU ye thee ards 9s ee Senet Signe Dae eee eS 27. MoORACEAE. 7. Fruits, remaining separate; leaf blades entire, thick: Genus Garrya. 92. CORNACEAE. 1. Flowers not in catkins (8). 8. Ovary inferior or appearing so, wholly or partly adnate to the perianth tube or in fruit very closely enveloped by it (9). 9. Plants aquatic (the stems wholly or partly immersed in water); leaves entire and in whorls, or the immersed ones filiform-dissected; flowers PORUANE RMN be 89. HALORAGIDACEAE. 9. Plants not aquatic (10). : 10. Perianth really double but appearing single and corollalike; calyx with tube wholly adnate to the ovary and the limb obsolete or reduced to a mere border: Families properly of theseries Polypetalae and Gamopetalae (11). 11. Fruit a pair of contiguous, 1-seeded carpels (12). 12. Flowers in umbels; leaves alternate or basal, mostly compound. 91. UMBELLIFERAE. 12. Flowers in cymes or solitary in the axils; leaves appearing ver- ticillate, simple: Genus Galium____________ 116. RUBIACEAE. 11. Fruit achenelike, not paired (13). 13. Flowers in heads subtended by an involucre; corolla tubular, funnelform, or strap-shaped, not spurred; anthers often connate. 121. ComposITAk. 13. Flowers not in involucrate heads but sometimes in rather dense clusters; corolla spurred; anthers not connate: Genus Plectritis. 118. VALERIANACEAE. 10. Perianth evidently in one series, calyxlike or corollalike (14). 14. Plants parasitic on the stems of trees and shrubs (15). 15. Stems well developed, much branched; leaves with well-developed blades, or reduced to small scales; fruit a 1-seeded berry. 29. LORANTHACEAE. 286744°—42—__4 48 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 15. Stems almost none outside the bark of the host, only the flowers and a few imbricate bractlike leaves apparent; fruit several- seeded: 2 SUL). 22 a2. eee ee 32. RAFFLESIACEAE. 14. Plants terrestrial, autophytic, or exceptionally root-parasitic (16). 16. Perianth very irregular, with the segments united below into a {| Oe) A 2 NAS A a ee are ee MI oe 31. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. 16. Perianth regular or nearly so (17). 17. Fruit of 2 partly separate beaked carpels: Genus Heuchera. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 17. Fruit of a single carpel (18). 18. Ovules 2 or more; ovary truly inferior, crowned in fruit by thejpersistent perianth 22. ==) == ae 30. SANTALACEAE. 18. Ovule solitary; ovary technically superior, but in fruit very closely enveloped by the base of the perianth tube and appearing inferior (19). 19. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; pubescence not stellate; perianth campanulate, funnelform, or salverform, usually corollalike in texture; fruit dry__ 36. NyYcTAGINACEAE. 19. Plants shrubby; pubescence stellate-scurfy; perianth urn- shaped, not corollalike, its base fleshy in fruit. 86. ELAEAGNACEAE. 8. Ovary superior, free or very nearly free from the perianth when the latter is present (20). 20. Pistils commonly more than 1; stamens numerous; fruits indehiscent (achenes) or longitudinally dehiscent on one suture (follicles). 42. RANUNCULACEAE. 20. Pistil 1, simple or compound (21). 21. Style and (or) stigma 1 (22). 22. Plant aquatic (the stems immersed in water); leaves in whorls, finely -disseeted(= 4.52 yare=: eee emer 41. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. 22. Plants not aquatic, the stems not immersed (28). 23. Fruit a circumscissile crested several-seeded capsule: Genus Prianthema=2 2c. = ea 5 ae ee ee 38. AIZOACEAE. 23. Fruit not a circumscissile several-seeded capsule (24). 24. Plants herbaceous (25). . 25. Fruit berrylike; flowers in terminal racemes; perianth- segments 4: Genus Rivina______- 37. PHYTOLACCACEAE. 25. Fruit not berrylike (26). 26. Ovary 2-celled; fruit a flat, obcordate capsule: Genus Lepidvumyies eae ese wes ey Cone 46. CRUCIFERAE. 26. Ovary l-celled; fruit a 1l-seeded, indehiscent utricle or achene (27). 27. Leaves pinnate; stamens usually 2; achene enclosed in an urn-shaped, 4-winged hypanthium: Genus San- QUTSOTDGS Ys 5 FoR as [en ee 53. ROSACEAE. 27. Leaves simple; stamens usually more than 2 (28). 28. Stipules present or absent; inflorescences loose, axillary; perianth not scarious_________- 28. URTICACEAE. 28. Stipules none; inflorescences dense, terminal or axillary; perianth often scarious____ 35. AMARANTHACEAE. 24. Plants shrubs or trees (29). 29. Stamens 10 or more, or, if fewer than 10, then the leaves bipinnate (30). 30. Leaves simple; flowers solitary or in few-flowered fascicles: Genera Cercocarpus, Coleogyne--_~---- 53. ROSACEAE. 30. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate; flowers in heads, spikes, or spikelike racemes: Subfamily Mimosoideae and genus Parnell oi eee Pee a eee 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 29. Stamens 5 or fewer; leaves never bipinnate (31). 31. Ovary 4- or 5-celled; fruit a capsule; stamens 5, the fila- ments united below into a tube: Genus Fremontodendron. 75. STERCULIACEAE. 31. Ovary 2-celled; fruit a samara or a drupe; stamens 2 or 4, separate; leaves simple or pinnate____ 98. OLEACEAE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 49 21. Styles and (or) stigmas 2 or more, exceptionally 1 in family Euphorbiaceae ie 32. Stems woody, the plants shrubs or trees (33). 33. Fruit a drupe (34). 34. Style none; stigmas 2, elongate, spreading or recurved, plumose or tomentose; ovary 1-celled; drupe with 1 stone; leaf blades very unequal at base and very scabrous above. 26. ULMACEAE. 34. Style present (often very short); stigmas not recurved or plumose; ovary 2- or 3-celled; drupe with 1 to 3 stones; leaf blades not conspicuously unequal at base or scabrous: Genera Condalia, Rhamnus_____--___-~- 71. RHAMNACEAE. 33. Fruit not a drupe (35). 35. Leaves palmately lobed or divided, or pinnate with few leaflets; fruit a pair of samaras, united at base, each with a 1-sided EEE Toe an oe AL sete BU RS ee es ee oe 69. ACERACEAE. 35. Leaves simple (palmately lobed in certain of the family Euphor- biaceae) ; frutt not a pair of samaras (86). 36. Fruit acornlike with 1 large seed; leaves entire, coriaceous. 66. BUXACEAE. 36. Fruit not acornlike (37). 37. Ovary 2- to 4-celled (exceptionally 1-celled in the family Euphorbiaceae); fruit a capsule, commonly longitudi- nally dehiscent; flowers unisexual, in Dodonaea by abortion (38). 38. Capsule not winged; leaves not viscid, entire to palmately Parea= fo tee =e Bae) Sane Bik 64. EUPHORBIACEAE. 38. Capsule conspicuously 2- to 4-winged; leaves somewhat viscid, narrow, entire: Genus Dodonaea. 70. SAPINDACEAE. 37. Ovary 1-celled; fruit not longitudinally dehiscent (39). 39. Flowers perfect, subtended by a cylindric, turbinate, or cup-shaped, gamophyllous involucre; stamens 9; fruit a 3-angled or winged achene: Genus Eriogonum. 33. POLYGONACEAE. 39. Flowers perfect or unisexual, not with an involucre as in the foregoing, but the pistillate flowers often sub- tended by 4 pair of accrescent bractlets; stamens 5 or fewer; fruit a utricle.._ 34. CHENOPODIACEAE, 32. ‘Stems herbaceous or nearly so (40). 40. Inflorescence of many small naked flowers in a dense cylindric spike subtended by a conspicuous involucre of white petallike bracts, the whole appearing like a single large flower. 21. SAURURACEAE. 40. Inflorescence not as in the foregoing (41). 41. Plants aquatic; stems wholly or partly immersed; stipules none; fruit at maturity separating into 4 nutlets. 65. CALLITRICHACEAE. 41. Plants not aquatic or, if so, then the stems jointed and the stipules united into a sheath around the stem (42). 42. Ovary completely or incompletely 2- or more-celled, ex- ceptionally 1-celled in the family Euphorbiaceae (48). 43. Fruit a depressed-globose, several-seeded berry; plant a coarse herb with large leaves: Genus Phytolacca. 37. PHYTOLACCACEAE. 43. Fruit a capsule (44). 44. Flowers unisexual, with or without a perianth. 64. EUPHORBIACEAE. 44. Flowers perfect, with a perianth___-_-__ 38. AIZOACEAE. 42. Ovary 1-celled (45). 45. Fruit a many-seeded, longitudinally dehiscent capsule: (Genus agra. ol. 2 40. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 50 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 45. Fruit a 1-seeded achene or utricle (46). 46. Flowers subtended by an involucre (this campanulate, turbinate, or cylindric, and several-toothed or -cleft, or consisting of a single 2-lobed bract), or, if without an involucre, then the stipules present and united into a sheath around the stem; fruit an achene, usually triangular but sometimes, in genus Polygonum, lentremlartet) 2S 50 5 ye a eee 33. POLYGONACEAE. 46. Flowers not subtended by an involucre or this con- sisting of a pair of appressed bracts; stipules none, or not united in a sheath; fruit not triangular (47). 47. Stipules present; flowers perfect, in axillary clusters: plants small, with spreading, prostrate, or densely cespitose stems_________ 40. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 47. Stipules none; flowers perfect or unisexual (48). 48. Bracts and perianth not scarious; plants often fleshy, scurfy, or mealy; filaments separate. 34. CHENOPODIACEAE. 48. Bracts and perianth usually scarious; plants not fleshy, scurfy, or mealy; filaments commonly more or less united_-____ 35. AMARANTHACEAE. SERIES 2. POLYPETALAE Key to the families 1. Corolla distinctly irregular (2). 2. Leaves compound, rarely reduced to a single leaflet (3). 3. Sepals 2; corolla conspicuously spurred, not pealike; leaves decompound with numerous narrow segments, glaucous; plants herbaceous: Genus Corydalis. 02 SL Lee 2 oe es eee See 45. PAPAVERACEAE. 3. Sepals or calyx lobes more than 2; corolla not or inconspicuously spurred, usually pealike (reduced to 1 petal in Amorpha); leaves variously COMPO UMA Ye bay ae se Le Bh ee RYE ea 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 2. Leaves simple, sometimes palmately lobed or parted (4). 4. Carpels normally more than 1, separate, in fruit becoming several-seeded follicles; leaf blades palmately cleft to parted; flowers showy, normally blue or bluish, very irregular, the sepals larger than the petals and similarly colored: Genera Delphinium, Aconitum. 42. RANUNCULACEAE. 4. Carpel solitary or, if more than one, united to form-a single fruit (5). 5. Stems mostly woody; leaf blades entire; petals purplish red; fruit spiny, turgid, indehiscent, and the leaf blades narrow, or fruit a flat, dehiscent pod, and the leaf blades round-cordate: Genera Krameria, Cerets 6525 EI ST a Sel Sea 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 5. Stems mostly herbaceous; fruit not spiny; leaf blades not round-cordate and entire or, if so, then the corolla spurred, white, yellow, or violet (6). 6. Leaf blades palmately cleft or parted; fruit a thick-walled capsule, 2 cm. long or longer; stamens many__ 80. CoCcHLOSPERMACEAE. 6. Leaf blades entire or with shallowly toothed margins; fruit thin- walled, much less than 2 em. long; stamens 12 or fewer (7). 7. Stipules present; sepals, petals, and stamens 5__ 82. VIOLACEAE. 7. Stipules none or reduced to glands (8). 8. Filaments separate, borne on the calyx: Genus Cuphea. 87. LYTHRACEAE. 8. Filaments more or less united (9). 9. Petals 2; stamens 3; capsule turgid, 4-lobed. 48. RESEDACEAE. 9. Petals commonly 3; stamens 6 to 8; capsule flat, 2-celled. 63. POLYGALACEAE. 1. Corolla regular or nearly so (10). 10. Ovary inferior, at least the lower part distinctly adnate to the hypanthium or calyx tube (11). 11. Petals and stamens indefinitely numerous; stems very thick and succulent, flat or cylindric; leaves none or greatly reduced and terete. 85. CACTACEAE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 51 11. Petals 10 or fewer, usually not more than 5; stems not succulent or only moderately so; leaves well developed (12). 12. Flowers in umbels or dense round heads, very small (13). base rwin ay several-seeded berry 22520 2.2 2 bt ee 90. ARALIACEAE. 13. Fruit dry, of 2 closely contiguous carpels, these 1-seeded. 91. UMBELLIFERAE. 12. Flowers not in umbels or dense round heads, if the inflorescence sub- capitate, then the plant armed with barbed stinging hairs (14). 14. Herbage very rough-pubescent, the hairs commonly barbed, some- PEmes abingine chen meee SR Sse tape te aes. 84. LoAsSACcEAE. 14. Herbage not rough-pubescent, or the hairs not barbed (15). 15. Stems herbaceous or merely suffrutescent (16). 16. Plants aquatic; leaves (or some of them) finely dissected; Alowersomunibe-22 = a Se 2h Sk 89. HALORAGIDACEAE. 16. Plants not aquatic or, if so, then the flowers showy; leaves simple, sometimes pinnatifid (17). 17. Stems and leaves more or less succulent; fruit a circumscissile capsule: Genus Portulaca___-______ 39. PORTULACACEAE. 17. Stems and leaves not succulent; fruit not circumscissile (18). 18. Styles 2 or 3; stamens 5 or 10; ovary of 2 or 3 partly separate “CET O12) (SN Ma ee ay eee ee ee 50. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 18. Style 1; ovary entire (19). 19. Stamens commonly 4 or 8 (seldom only 2); fruit a 2- to 5-celled capsule, or sometimes indehiscent and nut- Ae palette rh eps Pas, han ss 88. ONAGRACEAE. 19. Stamens 3; fruit 1l-celled, large and gourdlike: Genus Apodanther 7 ee oe ROR Spee a 119. CucURBITACEAE. 15. Stems woody (20). 20. Fruit dry, follicular or capsular (21). ZAPWPLAINeNS & OF MOTE fe oe te ee 50. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Zale, DeaMENSo) OF Mees = dt en 71. RHAMNACEAER. 20. Fruit a more or less fleshy drupe, pome, or berry (22). 22. Flowers small, in many-flowered compound cymes; leaves simple, entire: fruit a drupe, the stone containing 1 or 2 seeds; calyx limb minute: Genus Cornus. 92. COoRNACEAE. 22. Flowers in relatively few-flowered racemes or corymbs or, if in many-flowered compound cymes, then the leaves pinnate; fruit several-seeded; calyx limb well-developed (23). 23. Leaves palmately lobed; stamens not more than 5; fruit a beteya Gens hibes.2 2 228 2 50. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 23. Leaves not palmately lobed, simple or pinnate; stamens numerous; fruit a pome (the carpels embedded in the thickened. receptacle) = b. Le.) s k 53. RosacEAb. 10. Ovary superior, free from the calyx or very nearly so (24). 24. Anthers opening by terminal valves or pores (25). 25. Plants shrubs or undershrubs; leaves compound; stamens 6; ovary Eres WEG ee NS RR Se eee ee Se ee 43. BERBERIDACEAE. 25. Plants herbaceous or nearly so; leaves simple; stamens 8 or more; ovary several-celled (26). 26. Flowers with petals of unequal width and stamens dimorphic; leaf blades palmately cleft or parted; stems from,a large tuberlike root; stamens numerous__-_-_--_--_- __ 80. CocHLOSPERMACEAE. 26. Flowers regular or very nearly so; leaf blades not lobed (sometimes reduced to scales and the plant without chlorophyll); root not iubpenuike=-siamens)S to 00.2... eee ck 94. ERICACEAE. 24. Anthers opening longitudinally (27). 27. Flowers very numerous in dense globose heads; plant a tree; leaves lnree Gpaimately lobed. - 242... 2 joe) eee Oe 51. PuLATANACEAE. 27. Flowers not in dense globose heads, or the plant not a tree with pal- mately lobed leaves (28). 28. Flowers with a more or less thickened disk surrounding or under the ovary or ovaries, this often bearing the stamens, or the stamens numerous and borne in one or more circles on the throat of the calyx (29). 52 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 29. Pistil more than 1; stamens usually numerous (30). 30. Seeds with a fimbriate aril and a copious endosperm, reniform; plants shrubby; leaves without stipules. 52. CROSSOSOMATACEAE. 30. Seeds not arillate, the endosperm scanty or none; plants small trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves usually with stipules. 53. ROSACEAE. 29. Pistil 1 (exceptionally 2 or 3in genus Purshia), simple or compound (if the carpels several and almost separate, then the plant a very thorny shrub with the leaves reduced to scales) ; stems commonly woody (31). 31. Ovary 1-celled; plants mostly shrubs or small trees (32). 32. Leaves reduced to small scales, these imbricate and covering the twigs; flowers minute, in elongate spikelike inflores- GETIC ES ts ree are ya OE) Oa Pe ee 78. TAMARICACEAE. 32. Leaves with well-developed blades (33). 33. Styles 3; fruit a small drupe; leaves compound or simple. 67. ANACARDIACEAE. 33. Style 1 or none; fruit dry, an achene or follicle; leaves simple, sometimes deeply cleft (34). 34. Stamens more than 10; flowers with a turbinate or funnel- form hypanthium, or the pistil enclosed in a sheathlike extension of the disk: Genera Purshia, Coleogyne. 53. ROsAacBAE. 34. Stamens 10; hypanthium none; pistil not enclosed in a sheath: Genus Forsellesia______ 68. CELASTRACEAE. 31. Ovary with 2 or more cells (35). 35. Leaves reduced to small seales; plant with sharp-pointed rigid spiny branches; carpels 5 or more, nearly separate, in fruit a circle cf 1-seeded drupes_________ 60. SIMARUBACEAE. 35. Leaves with well-developed blades (36). 26. Plants vinelike, the stems climbing or trailing; fruit a berry. VITACEAE. 36. Plants not vinelike (37). 37. Leaves punctate with translucent glands; fruit a capsule or a nearly orbicular samara_______ 59. RUTACEAE. 37. Leaves not punctate with translucent glands (38). 38. Fruit a pair of laterally winged samaras, these united near the base; leaves simple and palmately lobed, or palmately divided, or pinnate with few leaflets. 69. ACERACEAE. 38. Fruit not a pair of samaras (39). 39. Leaves simple (40) 40. Fruit not fleshy; stamens alternate with the pebalsians SA iie Rea 68. CELASTRACEAE. 40. Fruit a more or less fleshy drupe; stamens opposite The petals ow ee eee ee 71. RHAMNACEAE. 39. Leaves pinnate; fruit drupelike or berrylike (41). 41. Fruit 3-angled, dry; bark and foliage strong- scented eink See weGue 61. BURSERACEAE. 41. Fruit globose, with translucent pulp; bark and foliage not strong-scented: Genus Sapindus. 70. SAPINDACEAE. 28. Flowers without a disk, or this represented by separate glands or scales, or rudimentary; stamens not borne on the throat of the calyx cr, if so, not more than 12 (42). 42. Filaments united, at least at base (43). 43. Plants vinelike, the stems climbing or trailing; calyx throat bearing a conspicuous fringed crown_ 83. PASSIFLORACEAE, 43. Plants not vinelike; calyx throat not with a fringed crown (44). 44, Carpels adnate to a central column, from which they or the persistent styles become more or less detached at maturity. 55. GERANIACEAE. 44. Carpels not adnate and separating as in the foregoing Si 45. Leaves compound, often sensitive (46). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 53 46. Stamens more conspicuous than the small petals; leaves bipinnate, with several or numerous small leaflets; fruit a flat 1-celled pod: Subfamily Mimosoideae. 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 46. Stamens less conspicuous than the petals; leaves digi- tately compound with 3 or more wedge-shaped leaflets; fruit a turgid 5-celled capsule___ 56. OxXALIDACEAE. 45. Leaves simple (47). 47. Flowers mostly unisexual (monoecious); pubescence (if any) commonly of hairs affixed at the middle (mal- pighiaceous); stamens usually 10, the anthers in 2 whorls: Genus Ditazis______- 64. EUPHORBIACEAE. 47. Flowers perfect (48). 48. Pubescence (if any) of simple hairs; filaments united only at base (49). 49. Stamens 5; ovary 4- or 5-celled (or apparently 8- to 10-celled) ; leaves not glandular-punctate. 57. LInAcEArE. 49. Stamens numerous; ovary 3-celled, or 1-celled with 3 placentae; leaves glandular-punctate. 76. HyPERICACEAE. 48. Pubescence at least partly of forked or stellate hairs (50). 50. Leaves opposite, the blades entire; stems trailing or twining, woody below; fruit nutlike or winged. 62. MAaALPIGHIACEAE. 50. Leaves alternate; stems not trailing or twining (51). 51. Stamens much more numerous than the calyx lobes; anthers 1-celled; fruit of several or numerous finally separate carpels, or a several- celled capsule____________ 74. MALvacEaz. 51. Stamens (fertile ones) of the same number as the sepals or calyx lobes; anthers 2- or 3-celled; fruit a 1-celled or 5-celled capsule. 75. STERCULIACEAE. 42. Filaments separate (52). 52. Carpels more than 1, becoming separate or nearly separate fruits (53). 53. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary, exceptionally solitary in family Crassulaceae (54). 54. Leaves decompound; petals with long spurs: Genus Aquzle- SOT ot DS a a Dee es 42. RANUNCULACEAE. 54. Leaves simple; petals not spurred (55). 55. Carpels more than 5, becoming torulose and, at maturity, breaking transversely into indehiscent l-seeded joints: Genus Platystemon___________ 45. PAPAVERACEAE. 55. Carpels 5 or fewer, not becoming torulose or breaking transversely (56). 56. Plants more or less succulent; carpels 3 to 5; fruits Th (ic [oe ene aE 49. CRASSULACEAE. 56. Plants not succulent; carpels 2; fruits follicles or "EL Cis[v Ue San ona le en 50. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 53. Ovule solitary (57). 57. Stems twining; flowers dioecious, small; sepals 6, in 2 series. 4 MENISPERMACEAE. 57. Stems not twining; flowers mostly perfect; sepals rarely more than 5 (58). 58. Plants herbaceous; calyx of separate sepals, deciduous; hypanthium none___________ 42. RANUNCULACEAE. 58. Plants woody or, if herbaceous, then the calyx of more or less united sepals, persistent; hypanthium usually presemb tS ni see Ps) ee? sh 53. ROSACEAE. 54 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 52. Carpel 1, or, if carpels more than 1, these united at least until maturity (59). 59. Leaves compound, or the blades pinnatifid or deeply palmately lobed (60). 60. Fruit juicy, berrylike (61). 61. Plant not vinelike, the stems erect; leaves large, decom- pound; stamens numerous: Genus Actaea. 42. RANUNCULACEAE. 61. Plant vinelike, the stems climbing or trailing; leaves digitate, with 5 to 7 leaflets; stamens 5: Genus Par- LNENOCISSUS 42 SLE) LUO OEE 2 eee 72, VITACEAE. 60. Fruit dry (62). 62. Fruit a 2-valved pod, or sometimes dehiscent by apical valves in family Papaveraceae, rarely transversely multicellular and indehiscent in family Cruciferae (63). 63. Sepals 2 or 3; plants herbaceous; leaves decompound with narrow segments, or sinuate-pinnatifid and prickly; stamens numerous__ 45. PAPAVERACEAE. 63. Sepals or calyx lobes 4 or 5 (64). 64. Calyx gamophyllous with 4 or 5 teeth or lobes; stamens numerous; leaves bipinnate; plants most woody: Subfamily Mimosoideae. 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 64. Calyx of 4 separate sepals; plants herbaceous (65). 65. Ovary 2-celled, stipitate or sessile; stamens 6, tetradynamous (2 shorter, 4 longer, barely so in genus Stanleya) ; leaves pinnate or pinnatifid. 46. CRUCIFERAE. 65. Ovary commonly 1-celled, stipitate; stamens 6 or more, not tetradynamous; leaves digitately 3- tor 5-foliolatel == 47. CAPPARIDACEAE. 62. Fruit a 3- to 5-celled, or apically 3-valved, capsule (66). 66. Ovary not lobed, appearing externally as one carpel; flowering shoots from rootstocks bearing bulblets: Genus Lithophragma__-____- 50. SaXIFRAGACEAE. 66. Ovary lobed, of 5 carpels, these becoming more or less separate in fruit after maturity; bulblets none (67). 67. Styles separating at maturity from the central column; leaves palmately lobed, or pinnate with pinnatifid leaflets____-_2"__ 55. GERANIACEAE. 67. Styles not separating from the column; leaves pin- nate or digitately 2- or 3-foliolate, the leaflets Cli tires] SNe aes Ee 58. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 59. Leaves simple, never pinnatifid or palmately lobed (68). 68. Plants shrubby; sepals or calyx lobes 4 to 6 (69). 69. Leaves with well-developed blades, these narrow, emar- ginate at apex, otherwise entire, lepidote beneath; plant not spiny; fruit berrylike: Genus Atamisquea. 47. CAPPARIDACEAE. 69. Leaves reduced to small scales; plants very spiny (70). 70. Petals, stamens, and carpels 5; fruit a dry turgid 5- valved capsule: Genus Canotia. 68. CELASTRACEAE. 70. Petals 4; stamens 8; carpels 2; fruit a globular berry. 8 KOEBERLINIACEAE. 68. Plants herbaceous or, if somewhat woody, then the sepals usually 2, or the plant succulent, or the fruit a 2-valved capsule (71). 71. Sepals united most of their length (72). 72. Styles 2 to 5; stamens 10, free from the calyx. 40. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 72. Style 1; stamens and petals borne on the calyx. 87. LYTHRACEAE. 71. Sepals separate to the base or nearly so (73). 73. Petals more numerous than the sepals, the latter commonhyeZ=s 25 ee 39. PORTULACACEAE. ~-— FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA TS) 73. Petals not more numerous than the sepals, the latter usually more than 2 (74). 74. Stamens usually more than 10; petals yellow or salmon-colored (75). 75. Style 1; fruit a long slender 2-valved pod; leaves NGG WUSIALS <= >. 2S ._ - 73. TILIACEAE. 75. Styles 3; fruit a short capsule, 3-celled or the ovary with 3 placentae; leaves glandular- eeiaset ie Ei 76. HyYPERICACEAE. 74. Stamens 10 or fewer (76). 76. Stamens 6, tetradynamous (2 shorter, 4 longer, barely so in genus Stanleya); fruit a 2-valved pod or, if 1-celled, then flat, indehiscent, and containing a single seed___ 46. CRUCIFERAE. 76. Stamens commonly 10, 5, or fewer, not tetra- dynamous (77). 77. Ovary 1-celled; plants not aquatic; petals often notched or cleft__. 40. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 77. Ovary 2- to 5-celled; plants semiaquatic; petals “oT Ly a ar err 77. ELATINACEAE. SERIES 3. GAMOPETALAE Key to the families 1. Corollas (or some of them) distinctly irregular (2). 2. Stamens with the filaments or the anthers connate, or the filaments not attached to the corolla (3). 3. Ovary supericr; anthers separate (4). 4, Leaves compound (rarely reduced to 1 leaflet); stamens commonly 10; petals usually 5; fruit a 2-valved pod________ 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 4, Leaves simple; stamens 6 or 8; petals 3; fruit a flat 2-celled capsule. 63. PoLYGALACEAE. 3. Ovary inferior; stamens 4 or 5, the anthers separate or united (5). 5. Flowers not in heads; involucre none; calyx limb well developed; fruit a turgid many-seeded capsule: Subfamily Lobelioideae. 120. CAMPANULACEAE. 5. Flowers in dense heads subtended by an involucre; calyx limb reduced to bristles, scales, teeth, etc.; fruit a 1-seeded achene. 121. ComposITAb. 2. Stamens separate from one another, the filaments attached to the tube or the throat of the corolla (6). 6. Ovary inferior; leaves opposite (7). 7. Calyx limb obsolete; corolla bearing a well-developed spur; plants herbaceous; fruit achenelike: Genus Plectritis. 118. VALERIANACEAE. 7. Calyx limb well developed; corolla not spurred, the tube sometimes gibbous on one side; stems woody; fruit a berry. 117. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. §. Ovary superior (8). 8. Fruit at maturity separating into 2 or 4 dry nutlets or, if a fleshy drupe, then the flowers in headlike clusters (9). 9. Ovary entire or longitudinally grooved; style apical; fruit of nutlets or drupelike; corolla only slightly irregular. 107. VERBENACEAE. 9. Ovary 4-lobed, the style rising between the lobes; fruit of nutlets; corolla nearly regular to strongly bilabiate____ 108. LaABrarak. 8. Fruit not separating into nutlets; fruit a capsule, this somewhat fleshy and partly indehiscent in genus Martynia (10). 10. Plants root parasites without chlorophyll, the leaves reduced to LED OTR ST Co eae I chs ee, apa 113. OROBANCHACEAE. 10. Plants not or weakly parasitic, with chlorophyll; Jeaves with well- developed blades (11). 11. Anther-bearing stamens 5; capsule usually 3-celled. : 104. PoLEMONTACEAB. 56 MISC. PUBLICATION -423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 11. Anther-bearing stamens 4 or 2; capsule 2-valved (12). 12. Ovary J-celled; fruit large, ending in a long incurved hooked Bea eee ib i. ad AER AS NPS te are 112. MARTYNIACEAE. 12. Ovary 2-celled; fruit not with a long hooked beak (18). 13. Capsule long and slender; seeds comose or winged. 111. BIGNONIACEAE. 13. Capsule not long and slender; seeds not comose, rarely winged (14). 14. Seeds usually indefinitely numerous, commonly sessile, with copious endosperm; cotyledons narrow. 110. ScROPHULARIACEAE. 14. Seeds not more than 10 (often only 2) in each cell, stalked, the endosperm scanty or none; cotyledons broad. 114. ACANTHACEAE. 1. Corollas regular or nearly so (15). 15. Ovary inferior (16). 16. Flowers in heads subtended by an involuere; fruit an achene; calyx limb reduced to bristles, scales, teeth, ete__________- 121. ComposITAE. 16. Flowers not in heads subtended by an involucre (17). 17. Stamens free from the corolla or very nearly so (18). 18. Corolla lobes and stamens indefinitely numerous; plants very succulents iy aie aie ee ee rere teeny e 85. CAcTACEAE. 18. Corolla lobes not more than 5; stamens 10 or fewer; plants not or scarcely succulent (19). 19. Plant shrubby; corolla cylindric or urceolate; anthers opening by terminal pores; fruit a berry: Genus Vaccinium. 94. ERICACEAE. 19. Plants herbaceous; corolla campanulate or rotate; anthers splitting longitudinally (20). 20. Flowers unisexual (rarely perfect); stamens commonly more or less united; stems climbing or trailing; corolla yellow or whit- HSNO EDU SOS ae ee 119. CuUcURBITACEAE. 20. Flowers mostly perfect; stamens separate; stems erect; corolla normally blue or violet; fruit a capsule, opening by pores or valves: Subfamily Campanuloideae_ 120. CAMPANULACEAE. 17. Stamens borne on the corolla (21). 21. Calyx limb reduced to bristles, these elongate and plumose in fruit; Dlantsiherbaccols] aeons mn aera 118. VALERIANACEAE, 21. Calyx limb not reduced to bristles (22). 22. Fruit dry, a capsule, or achenelike, or separating at maturity into 2 or 4 usually closed! carpelstes. 2 seme 116. RUBIACEAE. 22. Fruit berrylike or drupelike or, if achenelike, then the stems creep- ing and the flowers in pairs, nodding on ee slender peduncles. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 15. Ovary superior (free from the calyx) or very ee us (23). 23. Stamens more or less united by the filaments or the anthers (24). 24. Leaves bipinnate; stamens much more conspicuous than the small corolla; flowers in heads or spikes: Subfamily Mimosoideae. 54. LEGUMINOSAE. 24. Leaves simple, sometimes pedately cleft or parted (25). 25. Flowers unisexual; seeds carunculate: Genus Jatropha. 64. HKUPHORBIACEAE. 25. Flowers perfect; seeds not carunculate (26). 26. Corolla only slightly gamopetalous; stamens numerous; fruit of several separating carpels, or a several-celled capsule. 74. MAatvacBaAk. 26. Corolla strongly gamopetalous; stamens 5 (27). 27. Ovaries 2, connected only by the united stigmas; pollen grains in masses; filaments united into a column; fruit a pair of Hi) UG) Kersh ea ea pepe une ce Sch eka 102. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 27. Ovary 1, usually 2-celled; pollen grains separate; anthers more or less connate; fruit a perry: Genus Solanum. 109. SOLANACEAE. 23. Stamens separate (28). 28. Filaments free from the corolla or very nearly so (29). . 29. Leaves bipinnate; stamens much more conspicuous than the small corolla: flowers in dense heads or spikes: Subfamily Mimosoideae. 54, LEGUMINOSAE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 57 29. Leaves simple; stamens less conspicuous than the corolla; flowers not in dense heads or spikes (30). 30. Anthers awned or opening by pores or both; plants shrubs or else saprophytic, without chlorophyll, the leaves reduced to scales; corolla urceolate or subglobose _________-_~_ 94. ERICACEAE. 30. Anthers not awned, splitting longitudinally; plants suffrutescent, always with chlorophyll and well-developed leaf blades; eorolla-salveronm= = 951.22 44.222 96. PLUMBAGINACEAE. 28. Filaments attached to the corolla (31). 31. Plants without chlorophyll, parasitic; leaves reduced to scales (32). 32. Stems mostly subterranean, thick and succulent, attached to the roots of the host plant; corolla lobes and stamens 6 or more; flowers small, very numerous, crowded on a dilated saucer- shapeditecepvacliess 2-2 22-08 ase 93. LENNOACEAE. 32. Stems above ground, twining, slender, yellow, attached to the stems of the host plant; corolla lobes and stamens not more than 5; flowers in cymose clusters: Genus Cuscuta. 103. CONVOLVULACEAE. 31. Plants with chlorophyll and with well-developed leaf blades (33). 33. Fruit at maturity separating into 2 to 4 dry nutlets, or by abortion only 1 (384). 34. Stamens and corolla lobes 5; stems not 4-angled. 106. BORAGINACEAE. 34. Stamens 2 or 4, if 4 then in 2 pairs; stems often quadrangular 35. Ovary entire or longitudinally grooved, the style apical. 107. VERBENACEAE. 35. Ovary 4-lobed, the style rising between the lobes. ; 108. LABIATAE. 33. Fruit not separating into nutlets (36). 36. Plants shrubs or small trees, usually thorny or spiny; fruit a drupe containing 1 stone (37). 37. Stamens 5, with 5 petaloid staminodia; corolla with a pair of lobelike appendages in each sinus of the 5 true lobes; flowers inconspicuous, in axillary clusters. 97. SAPOTACEAE. 37. Stamens 4; staminodia none; corolla without appendages; flowers showy, in terminal headlike clusters: Genus LOTRUIICH O03 EES ee es 107. VERBENACEAE. 36. Plants various; fruit not a drupe, if berrylike, then several- seeded (38). 38. Stamens 10 or more (39). 39. Plants herbaceous, succulent, with a rosette of relatively large basal leaves, the stem leaves bractlike, persistent; carpels normally 5, separate or nearly so: Genus HL CILCD CIM Cert OE ang SO eg Ll 49. CRASSULACEAE. 39. Plant a thorny shrub with long whiplike branches; stem leaves not bractlike, soon deciduous; carpels 3, united. 79. FOUQUIERIACEAE. 38. Stamens fewer than 10, seldom more than 5 (40). 40. Fruit a samara with the wing mostly terminal, or a didy- mous capsule-stamens 2-or 422-2) 22 _ 98. OLEACEAE. 40. Fruit not a samara or a didymous capsule (41). 41. Ovaries 2, united only by the common style or stigma; fruit a pair of elongate follicles; seeds often comose. 101. APOCYNACEAE. 41. Ovary 1, sometimes deeply parted; fruit a single capsule or berry; seeds not comose (42). 42. Ovary 1-celled or sometimes imperfectly 2-celled by introflexion of the placentae (48). 43. Stamens opposite the corolla lobes; style 1; stigma entire. bu 224. 5025.2. 96. - PRIMULACHAR. 43. Stamens alternate with the corolla lobes (44). 44, Style 1 and entire, or none; stigma 1, more or less distinctly 2-lobed or bilamellate, or the stig- mas 2; plants mostly glabrous; leaf blades entire; inflorescerce not scorpioid. 100. GENTIANACEAE. 58 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 44. Styles 2, or single and 2-cleft; plants mostly pu- bescent; leaf blades seldom entire; inflorescence commonlyscorpioid_ 105. HybDROPHYLLACEAE. 42. Ovary with 2 or more cells or, if 2-celled only at base (in genus Limosella), then the plant a small semi- aquatic herb with small solitary flowers, a 5-lobed corolla, and 4 stamens (45). 45. Fruit a circumscissile capsule; flowers small, in dense terminal spikes__ 115. PLANTAGINACEAE. 45. Fruit not circumscissile (46). 46. Plants shrubby; flowers small, in dense axillary clusters, these often forming leafy interrupted Spikesen css 6 oS ie ane 99. LOGANIACEAE. 46. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent or, if shrubby, then the flowers solitary or in few-flowered loose axillary clusters, in genus Lyciwm, or inscor- pioid terminal racemes, in genus EHriodictyon (47). 47. Stigmas 3; style 1, often 3-cleft. 104. POLEMONIACEAE. 47. Stigmas 1 or 2, or sometimes 4 in family Con- volvulaceae (48). 48. Styles 2, entire or cleft, or the style 1, 2-cleft (49). 49. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary; stems often twining; flowers not in scorpioid nacemes = 103. CONVOLVULACEAE. 49. Ovules more than 2 in each cell; stems never twining; flowers often in scor- pioid racemes. 105. HyDROPHYLLACEAE. 48. Style 1, entire (50). 50. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. 103. CONVOLVULACEAE. 50. Ovules several or many in each cell of the ovary (51). ol. Anther-bearing stamens normally 5 or, if 4 and arudimentary stamen present, then the flowers lateral, solitary, or in small clusters; inflorescence never an elongate terminal spike. 109. SOLANACEAE. 51. Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4 or, if 5, then the inflorescence an elongate terminal spike. 110. ScROPHULARIACEAE 1. PINACEAE. PINE FAMILY Trees or shrubs, resinous; leaves evergreen, needle-shaped, narrowly linear, or else scalelike, crowded, and imbricate; flowers unisexual; perianth none; staminate inflorescences with numerous spirally arranged stamens; pistillate inflorescences. with scales arranged spirally or in pairs alternately crossing at right angles (decussate), these bearing at base 2 or several naked ovules; fruits in cones, these sometimes berrylike. Key to the genera 1. Leaves in the adult state closely imbricate, minute, scalelike or, if not closely imbricate and scalelike, then the cones berrylike, juicy; scales of the pistillate flowers without bracts (2). 2. Cones globular, dry at maturity, the scales woody and finally separating, the cones long-persistent on the branches after the seeds have fallen; seeds — numerous under exch scale, winged= === 2" =.= = 5. CUPRESSUS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 59 2. Cones berrylike, the scales fleshy and remaining fused at maturity, the cones not long-persistent on the branches; seeds few, not winged. 6. JUNIPERUS. 1. Leaves in the adult state not closely imbricate, elongate, needlelike or linear; cones dry at maturity; scales of the pistillate flowers in the axils of per- sistent bracts (3). 3. Leaves sheathed at base, at least when young, usually in fascicles of 2 or more, mostly needlelike; cone scales very thick and woody, umbonate on the back; bracts minute, much shorter than the scales; fruit maturing mitne/second (rarely thind).peason. 20) 2 os bee 1. Pinus. 3. Leaves not sheathed or fascicled, linear or subulate; cone scales not very thick and woody, not umbonate; bracts relatively large; fruit maturing in the first season (4). 4. Cones erect, the scales falling from the axis at maturity and much longer than the bracts; leaves sessile, flat or somewhat 4-sided___ 4. ABIEs. 4, Cones pendulous, the scales persistent on the axis; leaves stalked (5). 5. Branchlets roughened by the persistent, hard, peglike leaf bases; leaves mostly 4-sided, deciduous in drying; bracts shorter than the cone scales, erose-dentate or nearly entire____________ 2. PIcEA. 5. Branchlets not roughened by persistent leaf stalks; leaves compressed but strongly ribbed and channeled, persistent in drying; bracts longer than the cone scales, conspicuous, 2-lobed and aristate TUN CP ES ee el aS Ee ee eee eee eee 3. PsEUDOTSUGA. 1. PINUS.* PIne Trees; leaves in fascicles subtended by a sheath, rarely solitary, needle-shaped or narrowly linear; scales of the pistillate flowers in the axils of minute persistent bracts; cones in fruit with thick woody scales, these umbonate on the back; fruit maturing in the second or third season; seeds winged or wingless. This genus comprises some of the most valuable timber trees of the world. The western yellow pine (P. ponderosa), in Arizona as in most of its range, is by far the most important species economically. Itis the only species forming extensive nearly pure stands in readily ac- cessible localities. LLuumbering is rated as a $5,000,000 industry in Arizona, and yellow pine constitutes about 95 percent of the total of sawed lumber. Annual production in the State during the past 10 years has varied from about 55 to 165 million board feet. Sold locally as ‘‘native pine,”’ the wood is heavy, hard, and brittle but not coarse-grained, yellow to reddish brown in color. The sapwood, known as ‘‘western white pine,” is easily worked and is much used for finishing. The wood of this and several other pines that occur in Arizona is used locally for rough construction, poles, fence posts, railway ties, and fuel. Seeds of all pines are important food of squirrels and other rodents and of birds. The well-flavored seeds of the pinyons or nut pines (Pinus cembroides, P. edulis, P.. monophylla) are used by the Indians for food, and in recent years those of P. edulis, by far the most abun- dant and widely distributed of the three species, have become an article of commerce. This is an important source of revenue to the Indians of northern Arizona and New Mexico. The seeds are picked up on the ground, taken from the nests of rodents, or extracted by roasting the nearly ripe cones. The resin of P. edulis is used by the Indians to waterproof bottles for holding water and to cement the turquoise stones in their jewelry. § Reference: SUDWORTH, GEORGE B. THE PINE TREES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 460. 47 pp.,illus. 1917. 60 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Pines suffer considerably from the ravages of bark beetles. Species of the white pine group, with normally 5 needles in the fascicle (P. aristata, P. flexilis, P. strobiformis), are likely to be attacked by blister rust if that destructive fungus should reach Arizona. Key to the spectes 1. Leaves commonly less than 5 cm. long, usually strongly incurved, the margins entire or very nearly so; trees small (2). 2. Fascicles mostly 5- leaved; bark of young trees smooth, white; sheaths per- sistent 1 or 2 years, soon rey olute; leaves very densely crowded toward the ends of the branches, stout, deep green; cones 6 to 10 em. long, commonly at least 1% times as long as wide, cylindric or cylindric-ovoid, at maturity deep brown purple; scales bearing a slender, deflexed, de- ciduous prickle about 5 mm. long ppery A Aenean Poa rar. 4. P. ARISTATA. 2. Fascicles seldom more than 3-leaved; bark of young trees not white; sheath soon deciduous, short, revolute; cones usually less than 6 em. long, little if any longer than wide, broadly ovoid or nearly globular, light brown at maturity; scales usually muticous, the prickle, if any, very stout, strongly deflexed, and not more than 1 mm. long; seeds edible: Pinyons, nut pines (3). 3. Leaves commonly in 3’s, seldom more and often less than 1 mm. wide, deep bluish green (at least on young trees) and strongly glaucous on the ventral face, usually very crowded toward the ends of the branches: 2 ac.) s. 20) 9) hae ae ae Oe ae eee 1. P.CEMBROIDES. 3. Leaves commonly in 2’s or single, commonly more than 1 mm. wide, yel- lowish green or sometimes moderately glaucous, usually not very crowded (4). 4. Leaves commonly in 2’s, semiterete, deeply channeled__ 2. P. EDULIs. 4. Leaves mostly single, terete.in(: ur 2p teehee ee 3. P. MONOPHYLLA. 1. Leaves usually more than 5 cm. long, straight or only slightly incurved (5). 5. Fascicles 5-leaved; leaves slender, the margins entire or very obscurely and remotely serrulate; sheaths deciduous; cones at maturity cylindric or cylindric-ovoid, at least 1% times as long as wide, 8.5 to 25 em. long, pendent; scales muticous; bark of young trees silvery gray; branches often drooping: White pines (6). 6. Cone scales broadly truncate at apex, the tip not or scarcely reflexed; trunk short, branched nearly from the ground; leaves yellowish preehe le. Bebec- ele. SU ee ee ee ee ee 5. P. FLEXILIS. 6. Cone scales narrowed toward the rounded apex, the tip strongly re- flexed; trunk of mature trees well developed and clear of branches to a considerable height, often tapering rapidly; leaves bluish PTEEN so SP ROR oe eee ee ee 6. P. sTROBIFORMIS. 5. Fascicles normally 3-leaved (except in P. arizonica); leaves dark yellowish green, the margins minutely but distinctly and closely serrulate; cones at maturity ovoid to nearly globular, seldom more and usually less than 114 times as long as wide; scales bearing a short, stout, deflexed prickle; Berle of young trees not silv ery gray, that of older trees deeply and nar- rowly furrowed (7). 7. Sheaths soon deciduous; leaves 5 to 12 em. long, about 1 mm. wide; cones 4 to 7 cm. long, on a stalk 10 to 15 mm. long, this often falling with the cone; prickles of the cone scales gradually deciduous___ 7. P. LEIOPHYLLA. 7. Sheaths persistent; leaves 10 cm. long, or longer; cones 5 to 15 cm. long, subsessile, the basal scales usually persistent on the branch after the cone falls; prickles of the cone scales persistent: Yellow pines (8). 8. Leaves usually more than 25 (up to 37) cm. long, about 2 mm. wide; sheaths 20) to. 35) mim, longs = ee eee 10. P. LATIFOLIA. 8. Leaves 10 to 20 (rarely 25) cm. long; sheaths mostly 10 to 20 mm. long (9) 9. Fascicles commonly 3-leaved; leaves mostly 1.5 mm. wide; cones 7 to 15-em 2 1omeee se ee ee 8. P. PONDEROSA. 9. Fascicles mostly 5-leaved; leaves about 1 mm. wide; cones 5 to 9 Cm. longs: 252 2220s See eee 9. P. ARIZONICA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 61 1. Pinus cembroides Zucc., Akad. Wiss. Miinchen Abhandl. 1: 392. 1832. Chiricahua Mountains to the Baboquivari Mountains (Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties), 5,000 to 7,500 feet. Western Texas to Arizona and nortbern Mexico. Mexican pinyon. The trees attain a height of 50 feet (15 m.) and a trunk diameter of 14 inches (35 cm.), but are usually smaller. The trunk is commonly very short, the crown compact and conic in young trees, wide and rounded with mostly horizontal main branches in older trees. The bark of old trunks is thin, scaly, reddish brown. 2. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 88. 1848. Widely distributed and abundant in northern and central Arizona, _ from the Carrizo Mountains (Apache County) to the Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), southward to the White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), Pinal Mountains (Gila County), and Prescott (Yavapai County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, sometimes occurring in con- tinuous stands of considerable extent. Western Oklahoma and Texas to Wyoming, eastern Utah, Arizona, and Baja California. Pinyon, nut pine. The trees are commonly straggling, with usually short and often crooked trunks, attaining a height of 10.5 m. (35 feet) and a trunk diameter of 75 cm. (30 inches) but usually smaller. The crowns are broadly conic in young trees, rounded or flat-topped in older trees. The old bark is yellowish or reddish brown, irregularly furrowed, and broken superficially into small scales. Pure stands have been likened to an old apple orchard. 3. Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frém. in Frém., Exped. Rocky Mount. Rpt. 319. 1845. Occurs sporadically in Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, Greenlee, Gra- ham, and Gila Counties, 4,000 to 6,500 feet. Utah and Arizona to California and Baja California. Singleleaf pinyon. As it occurs in Arizona, this pine scarcely differs from the ordinary pinyon (Pinus edulis) except in its solitary leaves, and may be only a variant of that species. Presumably typical P. monophylla, in California and Nevada, has thicker and more rigid leaves and larger cones than the Arizona form. 4, Pinus aristata Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 2., 34: 331. 1862. Occurs in Arizona only on the San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), 9,700 to 12,000 feet. Colorado and northern New Mexico to northern Arizona, Nevada, and California. Bristlecone pine, foxtail pine. This tree reaches a height of 12 m. (40 feet) and a trunk diameter of 75 cm. (30 inches) but is usually smaller. The crown is pyramidal in young trees and in dense stands, but older trees growing in exposed situations are characterized by long, more or less erect upper limbs and long, drooping lower branches. The deep-green leaves are very crowded and appressed at the ends of the branchlets. The young bark is smooth and nearly white, the older bark dull reddish brown and not deeply furrowed. 5. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823. San Francisco Peaks and Navajo Mountain (Coconino County), probably also in the White Mountains (Apache County) and Pinaleno 62 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Mountains (Graham County), 8,000 feet or higher. Alberta to western Texas, Arizona, and California. Limber pine. In Arizona the trees reach a height of at least 15 m. (50 feet) and a trunk diameter of 0.9 m. (3 feet). The trunk is relatively short and the crown widely branched, with drooping limbs. The bark is smooth and grayish white in young trees, but on old trunks it is nearly black and split by deep furrows into wide plates. This species affords a small quantity of sawed lumber in Arizona. 6. Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. Pinus reflera Engelm., Bot. Gaz. 7:4. 1882. White River watershed above Fort Apache (Apache or Navajo County) to the Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua ° and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), and Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,500 to 10,000 feet. Southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. The type of P. refleva was collected in the Santa Rita Mountains. Mexican white pine. This tree attains a height of 18 to 30 m. (60 to 100 feet) and a trunk diameter of 0.5 to 0.9 m. (20 to 36 inches). The bark of the trunk is dark gray or dull reddish brown, somewhat deeply and irregularly furrowed and narrowly ridged. The absence of stomata on the backs of the leaves is said always to distinguish this pine from its close relative, the limber pine. 7. Pinus leiophylla Schlecht. and Cham., Linnaea 6: 354. 1831. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848. White River (southern Apache or Navajo County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Pinal Mountains (Gila County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), and west to the Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 7,500 feet, mostly on dry slopes and benches, fairly common in most of its range. Southwestern New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. Chihuahua pine. A relatively small tree, reaching a maximum of 18 m. (60 feet) in height and 0.6 m. (2 feet) in trunk diameter, with wide- spreading limbs, dark brown, deeply furrowed older bark and very persistent cones (pl. 9). 8. Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson, Agr. Man. 354. 1836. Pinus brachyptera Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848. Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880. Widely distributed in Arizona, from the Carrizo Mountains (Apache County) to the Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), southward to the Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Pinal Mountains (Gila County), and the Prescott region (Yavapai County), sometimes, especially in Coconino County, occurring in nearly pure stands of great extent, 5,500 to 8,000 feet, rarely as low as 3,600 feet or as high as 9,000 feet. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada from the Rocky Mountains to the States of the Pacific coast. eee ee eee Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Apriculture PLATE 9 Pines in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, the Chihuahua pine (Pinus leiophylla) at the left, and the Arizona pine (P. arizonica) at the right. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculuture PLATE 10 Western yellow pines (Pinus ponderosa) on the Defiance Plateau, Apache County, altitude 7,600 feet. The parklike appearance of this forest, with reproduction reduced to the minimum, apparently is the result of overgrazing. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 63 Western yellow pine, ponderosa pine. In Arizona this species attains a height of 38 m. (125 feet) and a trunk diameter of 0.9 m. (3 feet) ormore. The massive straight trunk, free from branches to a great height in mature trees, and the long narrowly pyramidal or nearly cylindric crown with upturned branches, are characteristic. The bark is gray brown to black in young trees, warm russet brown and split into broad plates covered with small concave scales, in older trees. The leaves vary from 2 to 5 in the fascicle, but 3 is the pre- vailing number (pl. 10). 9. Pinus arizonica Engelm. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 260. 1878. Pinus ponderosa Lawson var. arizonica Shaw, Pubs. Arnold Arboretum 1: 24. 1909. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 9,000 feet, type from the Santa Rita Mountains. Southwestern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Arizona pine. This tree attains a height of 30 m. (100 feet) and a trunk diameter of 1.2 m. (4 feet). It is very similar to the western yellow pine (P. ponderosa), differing chiefly in its usually more slender leaves and in having these commonly 5 in the fascicle. Specimens from the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties that have been identified as P. ponderosa, having fewer than 5 leaves in the fascicle, are perhaps properly referable to P. arizonica. In the Huachuca Mountains trees with 3 and with 5 needles, respectively, have been observed growing together (see pl. 9). 10. Pinus latifolia Sarg., Gard. and Forest 2: 496. 1889. Pinus apacheca Lemmon, Erythea 2: 103. 1894. Pinus mayriana Sudworth, U. S. Dept. Agr., Forestry Div. foal, 14-°21, 1897. Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Dragoon Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), infrequent, 5,000 to 8,200 feet, type of P. apacheca from the Chiricahua Mountains (Lemmon in 1881), type of P. latifolia from the Santa Rita Mountains (Mayr in 1887). New Mexico and Arizona (probably also northern Mexico). Apache pine, Arizona longleaf pine. The great length of the leaves gives young trees a rather striking resemblance to the longleaf pine of the Southeastern States (Pinus palustris), but mature trees have much the habit of western yellow pine (P. ponderosa). This species is reported to attain a height of 23 m. (75 feet) and a trunk diameter of 75 cm. (30 inches). The bark of the trunks is described as darker colored than in P. ponderosa. The lumber is reported to be of fine quality, but the tree is not sufficiently abundant to have commercial importance. 2. PICEA.’ Spruce Trees; leaves evergreen, narrow, 4-sided, short stalked, blue green or whitish, often silvery in young trees, deciduous in drying; branchlets rough with the persistent, peglike bases of the leaves; cones pendulous, 7 Reference: SUDWORTH, GEORGE B. THE SPRUCE AND BALSAM FIR TREES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 327. 1916. 286744°—42 5 64 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE cylindric, with large, relatively thin, persistent scales longer than the erose-dentate or nearly entire bracts: seeds small, winged. On the Kaibab Plateau, in the White Mountains, and on the summit of Mount Graham the Engelmann spruce occurs in extensive stands which afford protection to “the headwaters of streams. Present con- ditions are unfavorable to commercial exploitation in this State, but elsewhere the wood, which is rather weak and knotty, is utilized to some extent, chiefly for making boxes. Both species that occur in Arizona are ‘valuable ornamentals but thrive only in a cool moist climate. They are in demand for Christmas trees. Some species of spruce are very Important as a source of paper pulp. Key to the species 1. Young branches and petiolelike leaf bases commonly pubescent or puberulent; leaves not rigid, acute or acutish at apex; cones commonly about 5 em. long, the scales more or less rounded and distinctly thinner at apex. 1. P. ENGELMANNI. 1. Young branches and leaf bases commonly glabrous; leaves rigid, spinescent- acuminate at apex; cones commonly about 8 em. long, the scales truncate and not distinctly thinner at 2) 0) 2 YPHACEH AS. ) -GA&rrar FAMILY 1. TYPHA. Carratn Semiaquatic perennial herbs; flowering stems from creeping root- stocks, tall, terete, not jointed; leaves long, flat, equitant; flowers monoecious, very numerous in a dense cylindric spike, the staminate ones above; perianth reduced to bristles; ovary stipitate, 1- or 2-celled. Plants of marshes and sloughs. 72 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Staminate and pistillate portions of the inflorescence usually contiguous, the pistillate portion finally more than 2 cm. in diameter; pollen grains in 4’s; pistillate flowers commonly without bractlets.____1. T. LATIFOLIA. 1. Staminate and pistillate portions of the inflorescence usually separate, the pistillate portion less than 2 cm. in diameter; pollen grains single; pistil- late flowers commonly with hairlike bractlets, these more or less dilated at PORE 2 See ee We POS ae eee ee 2. T. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 1. Typha latifolia L., Sp. Pl. 971. 1753. Flagstaff and Tuba (Coconino County), Pinal Creek (Gila County), Fish Creek (Maricona County), 1,500 to 7,000 feet. Widely dis- tributed in North America and Eurasia. Broadleaf cattail. 2. Typha angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 971. 1753. Apache, Coconino, Gila, Maricopa, and Cochise Counties, 1,000 to 7,500 feet. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, also in South America. Narrowleaf cattail. Apparently more common in Arizona than T. latifolia. The two species are not always distinguishable by the width of the leaves. 4, SPARGANIACEAE. BuRREED FAMILY 1. SPARGANIUM. BuRREED Aquatic or semiaquatic herbs; leaves 2-ranked, alternate, sessile, linear; flowers monoecious, small, in dense globular heads, these sessile or stalked; staminate flowers borne in the upper heads, with 3 to 5 stamens, without a true perianth but subtended by minute scalelike bracts; pistillate flowers borne in the lower heads, with a perianth of 3 to 6 scalelike divisions; ovary 1- or 2-celled; fruit 1- or 2-seeded. Key to the speciés 1. Achenes sessile or very nearly so, obovoid or cuneate-obpyramidal, truncate or depressed at apex, with a stout conic beak more than one-half as long as the achene; inflorescence usually branched; fruiting heads at maturity com- monly*2/ toxic, AnediamMe tek. say ye en eee ee 1. §S. EURYCARPUM. 1. Achenes stipitate, fusiform, pointed at apex; inflorescence not branched; fruiting heads less than 2 cm. in diameter______----_____ 2. S. SIMPLEX. 1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man., ed. 2, 430. 1856 MeNary (Apache County), 7,400 feet, in a marsh (Peebles and Smith 12480). Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Virginia, Arizona, and California. 2. Sparganium simplex Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2,401. 1778. Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), ‘‘abundant in older ponds” (Herb. Grand Canyon Nat., Park). Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The authors refer the specimen in question to S. simplex with con- siderable hesitation. The bracts are not conspicuously scarious- margined, but the leaves seem too broad for S. angustifolium Michx. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 73 5. NAIADACEAE. PoNDWEED FAMILY Plants aquatic; flowers perfect or unisexual, axillary, sometimes subtended by an involucre or a spathe; true perianth none (in Potamogeton a false perianth formed by the sepallike appendages of the 4 stamens); stamens 1 to 4; pistil 1 or more, the ovary 1-celled, the ovule usually solitary. Key to the genera 1. Flowers perfect, in axillary spikes or clusters; anthers 4, sessile, the connec- tives expanded dorsally into herbaceous sepallike bodies; ovaries 4, sessile; leaves alternate or nearly opposite________ List S"POTAMOGETON: 1. Flowers unisexual, axillary; anther solitary, not appendaged; leaves mostly opposite or whorled (2). 2. Leaves linear-filiform, entire; pistillate flowers 2 to 5, subtended at base by a scarious, cup-shaped involucre; stigma one, cup-shaped, sometimes slightly “AG Rota ee 2 eee eee a 2. ZANNICHELLIA. 2. Leaves linear, serrulate to spinulose-dentate or pinnatifid, dilated at base; pistillate flower solitary, not subtended by an involucre; stigmas 2 to 4, SEG) STUD Bis oS ee Bee a iD yes 2k ee Sy ape i eed Ge ee 3. NaraAs. 1, POTAMOGETON. PoNnpDWEED Leaves with membranous stipules, mostly alternate, all much alike or the lower ones narrower and submersed and the upper ones with broad floating blades; flowers perfect, in axillary spikes, these often emersed; perianth technically none but closely simulated by the concave sepallike appendages of the 4 stamens; anthers sessile; pistils 4, the style short or the stigma sessile. Plants of ponds and sluggish streams, flowering mostly in summer. In irrigation ditches the plants are sometimes so abundant as mate- rially to retard the flow. The species are at best difficult to iden- tify and the difficulty is especially great with Arizona specimens, which rarely have good fruit. The following treatment is necessarily provisional. Key to the species 1. Leaves dimorphic, some floating, with broad, thickish, long-petioled blades, others submersed, narrower, thin, commonly sessile or short-petioled (2). 2. Submersed leaves mostly filiform or narrowly linear, mostly not more than 2mm. wide, or a few of the uppermost submersed leaves often broader but soon disappearing (8). 3. Blades of the floating leaves commonly broadly ovate and cordate at base, more than 3 cm. long, with more than 15 nerves; spikes all alike, cylindric, in fruit commonly 2 em. long or longer; stems usually SOUL. 2 2 eee ee eae + hs oly i Pee eee eee bee eee 1. P. NATANS. 3. Blades of the floating leaves elliptic, rounded or short-cuneate at base, seldom more (usually less) than 3 em. long, with fewer than 15 (commonly 7) nerves, these deeply impressed beneath; spikes of 2 kinds, emersed, several- to many-flowered, evlindric, less than 2 em. long, and submersed, few-flowered, subglobose; stems very slender. 2. P. DIVERSIFOLIUS. 2. Submersed leaves lanceolate or broader, if linear more than 2 mm. wide, mostly 7-nerved; nutlets 3-keeled (4). 4. Nutlcts less than 3 mm. long, not prominently keeled___ 3. P. GRAMINEUS. 4. Nutlets 3 to 4 mm. long, prominently keeled, the middle keel crested or VANSR IAC ee gs ec a PE cet Sg eee Se eee ee 4... P. zien, 1. Leaves all much alike and submersed (5). 5. Blades lanceolate or broader; mature spikes 3 em. long, or longer; nutlets 3-keeled, the middle keel crested or winglike________---- 4. PB. xray. 74. MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 5. Blades linear or capillary (6). 6. Fruiting spikes commonly 1.5 em. long or longer, conspicuously inter- rupted; flowers numerous, seldom fewer than 10 in a spike; stipules adnate to the sheathing base of the leaf; leaves less than 2 mm. wide, mostly 1-nerved (7). 7. Leaves capillary; stigma capitate, borne on a distinct style; nutlets 2.5 om) Longe eee Le SS CP hd | eee 5. P. PECTINATUs. 7. Leaves narrowly linear; stigma broad and depressed, sessile or nearly so; nutlets not more than 2mm. long____-______ 6. P. INTERIOR. 6. Fruiting spikes less than 1.5 cm. long; flowers commonly fewer than 10 in a spike; stipules free or nearly so (8). 8. Nuilets flat, cochleate, prominently crested; leaves capillary or nearly so, l-nerved:ispikesialobosesse — als ah eee 2. P. DIVERSIFOLIUS. 8. Nutlets plump, not cochleate; leaves linear, 3- to 5-nerved, the lateral nerves sometimes obscure (9). 9. Leaves not glandular at base; peduncles commonly less than 1 cm. long; spikes continuous, short-ovoid or globose; nutlets rounded- lenticular, conspicuously keeled or crested on the back; winter buds somes 2 es o> a Sere oe ee ek ei ee i; _ RP. FOLLOSUS: 9. Leaves biglandular at base; peduncles up to 3 cm. long; spikes often interrupted, commonly noticeably longer than wide; nutlets obliquely ellipsoid, not conspicuously keeled or crested; winter buds sometimes present-_--—-—--- Raps it ees 8. P. BERCHTOLDI. 1. Potamogeton natans L., Sp. Pl. 126. 1753. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Thornber in 1907), Mesa, Maricopa County (Toumey 497), Marsh Lake, White Mountains, Apache County (Goldman 2453), 1,200 to at least 7,000 feet. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The last-mentioned collection is of doubtful identity, the blades of the floating leaves being exceptionally narrow for the species and not cordate. 2. Potamogeton diversifolius Raf., Med. Repos. N. Y., ser. 2,5: 354. 1808. Potamogeton hybridus Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 101. 1803. Not Thuill., 1790. Grandview Trail, Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Thornber 8506). Maine to Florida and westward. 3. Potamogeton gramineus L., Sp. Pl. 127. 1753. Northern and central Arizona (Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, and Gila Counties). Widely distributed in North America; also in Eurasia. The form occurring in Arizona 1s var. ees Fries (P. heterophyllus of authors, not of Schreb.). 4. Potamogeton zizii Roth, Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1: 531. 1827. Potamogeton angustifoiius Bercht. and Presl, Rost. 1:19. 1823. Not DC., 1805. Montezuma Well, Yavapai County (Taylor 78, Jackson 52), alti- tude 3,500 feet. Widely distributed in North America: Eurasia. The immature specimens cited above are referred doubtfully to this species. 5. Potamogeton pectinatus L., Sp. Pl. 127. 1753. Near Tucson, Pima County (Thornber in 1913). Almost throughout: North America; cosmopolitan. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 75 6. Potamogeton interior Rydb., Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 13. 1906. Central and southern Arizona (Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties). Canada to New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada. Closely related to P. pectinatus, with which it apparently intergrades. 7. Potamogeton foliosus Raf., Med. Repos. N. Y., ser. 2, 5:354. 1808. Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, up to 8,400 feet. Nearly throughout North America. 8. Potamogeton berchioldi Fieber in Berchtold and Fieber, Potamog. 40. 1838. Potamogeton pusillus, of authors. Not L., 1753. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Thornber 2856), also Young’s Ranch (Lemmon in 1884). Widely distributed in North America; Eurasia. 2. ZANNICHELLIA. HorRNED-PONDWEED Stems filiform; leaves very narrow, opposite or whorled; flowers monoecious, axillary, without perianth, the pistillate ones 2 to 5, subtended by a cup-shaped involucre; staminate flowers solitary, the stamen 1; ovary flask-shaped, the stigma 1, expanded. 1. Zannichellia palustris L., Sp. Pl. 969. 1753. Coconino, Gila, Pinal, and Pima Counties, growing in ponds, ditches, and slow streams. Cosmopolitan. 3. NATAS Stems slender, wholly submersed; leaves narrow, serrulate to spinulose-dentate, mostly opposite or whorled; flowers unisexual, axillary, solitary; staminate flowers with a spathelike involucre, the stamen 1; pistillate flowers naked, the ovary 1, the stigmas 2 to 4. 1. Naias marina L., Sp. Pl. 1015. 1753. Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Pima County (Smart in 1867, Pringle in 1881), Crittenden, Santa Cruz County, in a spring (Thornber 2890), 2,300 to 4,200 feet. Almost throughout North America; Eurasia. 6. JUNCAGINACEAE. ARRowGRASS FAMILY 1. TRIGLOCHIN. Arrowarass Plants herbaceous, rushlike; leaves all basal, long, narrow, semiterete, with membranous sheaths; flowers in narrow spikes or spikelike racemes terminating long scapes; perianth small, greenish, of 6 concave segments; stamens 3 to 6, the anthers sessile or nearly so; pistil compound, of 3 to 6 carpels. 1. Triglochin maritima L., Sp. Pl. 339. 1753. Northeastern Arizona, at Holbrook, Navajo County (Zuck in 1896), Tuba, Coconino County (Peebles 11843), about 5,000 feet, June to July. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The Arizona form is var. debilis M. E. Jones. The plant sometimes develops hydrocyanic acid and has been found toxic, either fresh or 76 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE dried, especially when the plants are stunted by drought. Cattle are particularly susceptible. 7. ALISMACEAE. WaATERPLANTAIN FAMILY Plants herbaceous, aquatic or semiaquatic; stems scapelike; leaves with sheathing bases and usually broad blades; flowers perfect or unisexual; perianth regular, with green calyxlike outer segments and white petallike inner segments; stamens 6 or more; pistils several or many in a-ring or a dense head; ovary 1-celled; ovule usually solitary; fruit achenelike, compressed. Key to the genera 1. Carpels in one or few series; leaf blades not sagittate, short-cuneate to sub- cordate at base; flowers perfect, small, in ample compound panicles. 1. ALISMA. 1. Carpels in several series, forming a dense head in fruit; leaf blades (some or all of them) commonly sagittate; flowers dioecious, or monoecious with the lower ones pistillate and upper ones staminate, in verticillate simple or someyhaticompound panicles= sa aa ee 2. SAGITTARIA. (Representatives of the genera Echinodorus and Lophotocarpus are also likely to be found in Arizona. These differ from Sagittaria, the former in having the flowers in ample compound panicles and all perfect, the leaf blades not sagittate; the latter in having the lower flowers perfect and the upper ones staminate.) 1. ALISMA. WatTERPLANTAIN Roots fibrous; leaves mostly emersed with the blades broadly ovate and usually cordate or rounded at base, but the leaves occasionally floating and narrower; inflorescence a large open panicle; flowers small, perfect; stamens commonly 6; receptacle flat. 1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 342. 1753. Near Williams and Mormon Lake (Coconino County), Prescott (Yavapai County), in shallow ponds, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, not common, flowering in summer. Throughout the cooler parts of' the Northern Hemisphere. The Arizona form is subsp. brevipes (Greene) Samuelson (A. brev- ipes Greene). A pungent volatile oil is obtained from the roots. The leaves are irritating to the skin and have been used medicinally. 2. SAGITTARIA.“4. ARROWHEAD Flowering stems from rootstocks, these often tuber-bearing; leaves (in the Arizona species) mostly emersed, with triangular-ovate, deeply sagittate blades; inflorescence a narrow verticillate panicle, simple or branched below; flowers relatively large, unisexual; stamens commonly numerous; receptacle elevated. Plants of shallow stagnant ponds, flowering in summer. One species (S. latifolia) produces edible tubers, eaten by the Indians and Chinese in the Pacific Coast States. The plant is sometimes called “tule potato” in California. 14 Reference: SMITH, JARED G. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SAGITTARIA AND LOPHOTOCARPUS. 1894, Reprinted in Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 6: 27-64. 1895. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA th Key to the species 1. Achenes with a conspicuous, horizontal, straight or slightly curved beak, not winged or crested on the faces, the marginal wing broad, especially at top; terminal leaf lobe commonly equaling or longer than the basal lobes. 1. SS. LATIFOLIA. 1. Achenes minutely or inconspicuously beaked (2). 2. Basal leaf lobes not longer, usually shorter, than the terminal lobe; achenes with an erect or nearly erect beak, not winged or crested on the faces, the marginal wing broad and rather thick; terminal leaf lobe commonly ovate or broadly lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate. 2. S. CUNEATA. 2. Basal leaf lobes much longer than the terminal lobe; achenes with a minute horizontal or ascending beak (3). 3. Leaf blades not more than 25 cm. long, the terminal lobe linear or lanceo- late, usually long-acuminate, commonly less than half as long as the basal lobes; scape usually simple; bracts 6 to 8 mm. long; achenes WallouiaaAciniawanest est Ol hae Pe cl ee bg tk 3. S. LONGILOBA. 3. Leaf blades 20 to 40 em. long, the terminal lobe ovate to broadly lanceo- late, acute or short-acuminate, more than half as long as the basal lobes; scape sometimes branched; bracts 10 to 30 mm. long; achenes EEE, TREES Lot 0) fee a ed ae ee 4. §. GREGGII. 1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 409. 1806. Near Tucson, Pima County (Thornber 250), 2,400 feet. Throughout most of North America. 2. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 20: 283. 1893. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt. ex J. G. Smith, Sagit. and Lophot. 6 1894. Sacaton, Pinal County (Harrison and Peebles 1999), 1,270 feet. Ontario to British Columbia, south to Michigan, New Mexico, southern Arizona, and California. 3. Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. ZA Valisod. Bonita, Graham County (Shreve 5217), 5,200 feet. Kansas to Colorado, Arizona, and Mexico. 4. Sagittaria greggii J. G. Smith, Sagit. and Lophot. 17. 1894. Forty miles southwest of Tucson, Pima County (Harrison 8937), about 3,000 feet. Arizona, California, and Mexico. This form apparently intergrades with S. longiloba, but the material available is too scanty to permit a decision as to the validity of the species. 7A. HYDROCHARITACEAE. FRrRocés-sBir FAMILY After this work went to press, there came to the attention of the authors an unidentified species of Anacharis, collected in water near Williams, Coconino County (VM. Wetherill mm 1938). This adds another family to the known flora of Arizona, distinguished’ from all other aquatic monocotyledons of this State by the inferior ovary. In the genus Anacharis the stems are submersed and very leafy, with thin, opposite or whorled, 1-nerved leaves. The small, mostly uni- sexual flowers are solitary in the axils and are subtended by a tubular, sessile spathe. The perianth of the pistillate flowers consists of a remarkably long, slender tube and a small 6-parted limb. 78 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 8. GRAMINEAE.® Grass FAMILY Contributed by Jason R. SwWALLEN Herbs (woody in Arundo); stems (culms) hollow or solid, closed at the nodes; leaves 2-ranked, parallel-veined, composed of a sheath enclosing the culm, and a blade, with a hairy or membranaceous appendage (ligule) between them on the inside; flowers perfect or sometimes unisexual, arranged in spikelets, these consisting of a short axis (rachilla) and 2 to many 2-ranked bracts, the lower two bracts (glumes) empty, the succeeding ones (lemmas) bearing in their axils a single flower, and between the flower and the rachilla a 2-nerved bract (palea), the lemma, palea, and included flower constituting the floret; stamens 1 to 6; anthers 2-celled; pistil 1, with 2 (rarely 1 or 3) styles, and usually plumose stigmas; spikelets mostly aggregate in spikes or panicles at the ends of the main culms and branches. This very large family contains the most valuable of all plants used by man, the cultivated cereals, such as wheat, barley, maize, and rice. It also includes the most important forage plants, many of which, notably bluegrass, timothy, and fescue, are extensively grown for hay and pasturage. Nearly all grasses of temperate regions are eaten by grazing animals, but some are more nutritious and palatable than others. Some of the native grasses of Arizona, especially species of the genera Bouteloua (grama) and Hilaria, are outstanding range plants upon which the maintenance of the cattle and sheep industries of the State is largely dependent. Seeds of many of the native species were used as food by the Indians. The sod-forming habit of many grasses makes them preeminent as soil binders. A few of the Arizona species, including the native red sprangletop (Leptochloa filiformis) and the introduced species, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), are troublesome weeds in cultivated lands. The two latter, however, are of considerable forage value and Bermuda grass, in the long hot summers of southern Arizona, is the only satis- factory grass for lawns. Many peopie are allergic to the pollen of grasses, one of the commonest causes of “‘hay fever.’’ Several species are commonly cultivated as ornamentals, notably such large plants as the giantreed (Arundo), pampasgrass (Cortaderia), and silvergrass (Miscanthus). 259: / 4896: Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,800 to 5,000 feet, mesas and rocky slopes, August to October. Colorado and Nevada to western Texas, Arizona, Cali- fornia, and northern Mexico. 30. Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 8. 1888. Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, dry rocky hills and open woods, August to October, type from Arizona near the Mexican boundary (Pringle). Arizona and northwestern Mexico. 31. Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitche. in Bush, Amer. Midland Nat. 6: 84. 1919. Agrostis torreyi Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: Sup. XVII. 1830. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856. Peach Springs (Mohave County), dry open ground around Prescott (Yavapai County), Willow Spring (Apache County), July to Septem- ber. Western Kansas and Colorado to Texas and Arizona. 120 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 32. Muhlenbergia arenicola Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proce. 1862: 91. 1862. Mohave, Yavapai, Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 — to 7,000 feet, dry mesas and open ground, often forming “‘fairy rings,” August to October. Western Kansas and Colorado to Arizona and northern Mexico. 33. Muhlenbergia xerophila C. O. Goodding, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 19. 1940. Pima and Santa Cruz Counties, canyons, September to November, type from Sycamore Canyon near Ruby (L. N. Goodding M262). Known only from southern Arizona. 34. Muhlenbergia rigida (H. B. K.) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1:63. 1829. Podosaemum rigidum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 129. 1815. Pima County, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky slopes, September to October. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 35. Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium OOS LOZ: Muhlenbergia vaseyana Scribn., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 1O:7522) AES oor Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, rocky slopes and canyons at medium altitudes, July to October, type from southern Arizona (Hmersley). 'Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 40. SPOROBOLUS. Dropsrep Annuals or perennials with open or spikelike panicles of small spikelets; glumes equal or (usually) unequal, the second often as long as the lemma; lemma membranaceous, 1-nerved, awnless; palea as long as the lemma; fruit free from the lemma and palea. The perennial species are useful forage plants. Two large coarse bunch grasses, alkali sacaton (S. airoides) and sacaton (S. wrightiz), are important elements of some Arizona ranges, but they are grazed mainly when more succulent grasses are not available. Alkali sacaton thrives on the plains and can withstand rather strongly saline soil conditions. Sacaton reaches its highest development in the bottom lands in the southeastern part of the State. Both species are utilized for hay. Black dropseed (S. interruptus), abundant on the plateau south of Flagstaff and in the White Mountains, is one of the most valuable forage grasses in its range. Sand dropseed (S. eryptandrus) furnishes some forage. The seeds of several species have been used for food by the Indians of Arizona. Key to the species 1. Plants annual (2). 2. Panicles usually included in the sheaths, narrow, few-flowered, spikelike (3). 3. Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long; lemma pubescent__-_-__- le . VAGINIFLORUS. 3. Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; lemma glabrous_______-_-~- 2. S. NEGLECTUS. 2. Panicles exserted, open, many-flowered (4). 4. Glumes glabrous; pedicels short, stiff, appressed along the main branches. S. RAMULOSUS. . 4. Glumes pubescent, the pubescence sometimes sparse; pedicels slender, spreading, club-shaped below the spikelets___ 4. S. MIcROSPERMUS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 1 1. Plants perennial (5). 5. Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long (6). 6. Panicle contracted, more or less included in the sheaths; second glume shorter than the plabrous: lemmas. 92s se 5. SS. ASPER. 6. Panicle open, exserted; second glume about as long as the lemma. ). S. INTERRUPTUS. 5. Spikelets 1 to 3 mm. long (7). 7. Spikelets about 1 mm. long; lower panicle branches in distinet whorls. S. PYRAMIDATUS. 7. Spikelets 1.5 to 3 mm. long; lower panicle branches not whorled (8). 8. Sheaths glabrous or nearly so at the mouth (9). 9. Panicle loose, 1 to 2 times as long as broad, the branches naked below, the branchlets spreading; leaf blades mostly involute. 12. S. AIROIDES. 9. Panicle relatively dense, 30 to 60 cm. long, the numerous, relatively short, crowded, densely flowered branches floriferous nearly to base, the branchlets appressed; leaf blades usually flat. 13: S. WRIGHTII. 8. Sheaths with a conspicuous tuft of hairs at summit (10). 10. Panicles open, the branches spreading, naked at base (11). 11. Panicle branches loosely flowered, the branchlets and pedicels implicates spreading). 2m 225 8. S. FLEXUOSUS. 11. Panicle branches densely flowered, the branchlets and_ short pedicelstappressed. = = 2... et 3 9. S. CRYPTANDRUS. 10. Panicles contracted, spikelike (12). 12. Spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. long; culms slender, usually less than 1 METS MIC lA Ree eee Lee Oe STS oe 10.” SS; CONTRACTUS. 12. Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; culms robust, 1 to 2 meters high. 11. 5S. GiGantEUs. 1. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood, Class-book, ed. 3, 775. 1861. Vilfa vagimflora Torr. in A. Gray, Gram. and Cyp. 1: no. 3. 1834. Fort Huachuca and Willcox (Cochise County), sandy soil or open waste ground. Maine and Ontario to Minnesota and Nebraska, south to Georgia, Texas, and Arizona. 2. Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 464. 1895. Black Springs, Coconino National Forest, Coconino County, in deep black gravelly loam (Talbot C-13). Quebec and Maine to North Dakota south to Maryland, Tennessee, and Texas; Washington and Arizona. 3. Sporobolus ramulosus (H. B. K.) Kunth, Réy. Gram. 1: 68. 1829. Vili ramiulosa H.B. K., Noy; Gen. et Sp. 1: 137. 1815. Coconino, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 5,400 to 8,000‘eet, dry or moist open ground, August to September. Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, to Guatemala. 4. Sporobolus microspermus (Lag.) Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 232-453. 1933. Milium microspermum Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 2. 1816. Sporobolus confusus Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 293. 1888. Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 8,000 feet, dry or usually moist open ground and borders of marshes, August to October. Nebraska to Montana and eastern Washington, south to Costa Rica. 122 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 5. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 68. 1829. Agrostis aspera Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 52. 1803. South of Beklohito, Apache County, 6,000 feet, in red sandy loam (Howell 56). V ermont to Iowa, North Dakota, Utah, and Washington, south to Louisiana and Arizona. 6. Sporobolus interruptus Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 8. 1888. Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky hillsides, July to September, type from near Flagstaff (Rusby 885). Known only from Arizona. *7, Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitche., U. S. Dept. Agr. Mise. Pub. 243: 84. 1936. Agrostis pyramidata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1791. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1, Sup. XVII. 1830. Arizona specimens previously referred to this species are S. pulvinatus Swallen. Kansas and Colorado to Louisiana, Texas, southern Flor- ida, and tropical America. 8. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: GOI wb: Sporobolus cryptandrus var. fleruosus Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif, 22695 +1880: Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 3,600 to 5,300 feet, dry or moist, open sandy soil, June to October. Western Texas to southern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. 9. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 576. 1848. Agrostis cryptandra Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 6,500 feet, dry open sandy ground and rocky slopes, April to September. Maine and Ontario to Alberta and Washington, south to North Carolina, Indiana, Louisiana, Arizona, and Mexico. 10. Sporobolus contractus Hitchc., Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Sporobolus cryptandrus var. strictus Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bulle 92 103.) Us82: Sporobolus strictus (Scribn.) Merr., U.S. Dept. Jee Div. Agrost. @ir732256;35 LOO Not Franch., 1893. Apache County to Mohave County, aot to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,400 to 5,500 feet, dry mesas, bluffs, and sandhills, August to October _type from Camp Lowell, Pima County (Pringle). Colorado to N evada, south to western Texas, Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora. 11. Sporobolus giganteus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 88. 1898. Apache, Navajo, and Cochise Counties, 4,500 to 6,000 feet, dry open ground, June to October. Western Texas to Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 123 12. Sporobolus airoides Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 7: 21. 1856. Agrostis airoides Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824, Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,500 feet, often in saline soil, June to October. South Dakota to eastern Washington, south to Texas, Arizona, and southern California. 13. Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 103) > 1882. Navajo, Coconino, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,600 feet, dry sandy open ground, rocky slopes, and river banks, July to October, type from Pantano, Pima County (Pringle). | West- ern Texas to southern California and central Mexico. 41. BLEPHARONEURON Densely tufted perennial with slender, flat or involute, more or less flexuous blades, and narrow, open panicles; glumes subobtuse, nearly equal or the second a little longer and broader; lemma broad, abruptly pointed, densely pubescent on the nerves; palea slightly longer than the lemma, densely villous between the nerves. 1. Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. ZO: Oo. PLOOS: Vilfa tricholepis Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. L857. Apache, Coconino, Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,300 to 9,500 feet, dry or moist open woods, July to October. Colorado to Utah, south to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. This grass, sometimes known as pine-dropseed, is valuable for forage. 42. ORYZOPSIS. inerer nee Slender perennials with flat or involute blades and narrow or open panicles; glumes equal, gradually or abruptly acuminate; lemma firm, terete, glabrous or villous, with a short rather blunt callus, and a short, straight or weakly geniculate, deciduous awn. Indian ricegrass (O. hymenoides) sometimes known as Indian-millet, furnishes much forage on arid sandy plains in northern Arizona. In former times it was cut for hay and the seeds were utilized for food by the Indians. The other species are palatable but less abundant. Key to the species 1. Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit glabrous or rarely pubescent, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; panicle branches slender, finally spreading, spikelet bearing toward cately spreading, flexuous; fruit 3 mm. long _ 1. QO. HYMENOIDEsS. 2. Panicle rather narrow, the branches stiffly ascending, the branchlets and pedicels usually appressed; fruit 5 mm. long------- 2. O. BLOOMERI. 124 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker in Piper, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 11: 109. 1906. Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 339. 1817. Ervcoma cuspidata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 40. 1818, Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, and Pima Counties, dry open woods and sandy plains at medium altitudes, June to August. Manitoba to British Columbia, south to Texas, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. 2. Oryzopsis bloomeri (Boland.) Ricker in Piper, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 11: 109. 1906. Stipa bloomeri Boland., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 168. 1872. Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Silzveus 1927), on a gravelly bank. Dry ground at medium altitudes, Montana to eastern Washington, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 3. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. and Rupr.) Thurb., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. (865-5 18) eos. Urachne micrantha Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. WVisSerm Nat. 92 clo as, Navajo, Coconino, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,800 to 7,000 feet, rocky slopes and dry, open woods, June to August. Saskatche- wan to Montana, south to New Mexico and Arizona. 43. PIPTOCHAETIUM. Pinyon-ricreGrass Densely tufted perennial with narrow or involute leaf blades and open few-flowered panicles; glumes subequal, acute; fruit obovate, dark brown, asymmetric, glabrous or hispid; awn deciduous or per- sistent, more or less geniculate, often twisted below; palea firm except near the margins, its apex projecting above the lemma as a minute point. 1. Piptochaetium fimbriatum (H. B. K.) Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour 235) 455-201 938. Stipa fimbriata H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 126. 1815. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, mostly 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky hills, limestone cliffs, and open woods. Western Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. This grass is reported to make excellent forage. 44, STIPA. NEEDLEGRASS Tufted perennials with usually involute leaf blades and narrow or sometimes open panicles; spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, the articulation oblique, leaving a sharp, bearded callus on the floret; glumes equal, thin, narrow, longer than the floret; lemma indurate, terete, terminating in a prominent geniculate awn, this twisted below. ! These plants, known variously also as feathergrass, speargrass, and porcupinegrass, make good forage while young, but some of the species when mature are injurious, especially to sheep, on account of the sharp-pointed fruits which penetrate the flesh and injure the mouths and eyes of grazing animals. They are a nuisance in wool and damage the hides. Sleepygrass (S. robusta) in certain districts FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 125 in New Mexico has been reported as having a narcotic effect on horses and slightly on sheep, but not on cattle. The toxic principle is unknown. An Old World species, esparto (S. tenacissima L.), is used in the manufacture of fine paper and cordage. Key to the species 1. Terminal segment of the awn plumose, flexuous, up to 12 em. long. S. NEOMEXICANA. 1. Terminal segment of the awn not plumose (2). 2. Lower segment of the once-geniculate awn conspicuously plumose, the MAES LOCOS sm NOM Mien se 2 oe ee a 2. §. SPECIOSA. 2. Lower segment of the awn glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent, but not plumose 3. Lemma densely villous with white hairs 3 to 4 mm. long; awn once-genic- TS EPR eee oe eM at 2 ee a 3. S. CORONATA. 3. Lemma pubescent or sometimes villous toward the apex, the hairs not more than 2 mm. long (4). 4. Panicles open, the slender branches ascending or spreading; lemma more than 7 mm. long (5). 5. Ligule about 2 mm. long; mature lemma dark brown, 7 to 8 mm. long, papillose-pubescent; callus acute, 1 mm. long; awn about 3 cm. long, the terminal segment straight____ 4. SS. PRINGLEI. 5. Ligule 3 mm. long or longer; mature lemma pale (6). 6. Mature lemma 8 to 12 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above the callus; callus acuminate, 3 mm. long; awn 10 to 15 em. long, the terminal segment long and flexuous_ 5. S. comaTa. 6. Mature lemma 5 to 7 mm. long, pubescent_ _--_-_ 6. S. EMINENS. 4. Panicles narrow, usually rather dense, the branches appressed, florifer- ous from the base (7). 7. Lemma conspicuously villous toward the apex, the hairs 2 mm. long 8). 8. Apex of the lemma with lobes 0.8 to 1.5 mm. long, the lemma evenly villousialljoyerie 3 52 ee othe ec i S. LOBATAL 8. Apex of the lemma not lobed or obscurely so, the lemma con- spicuously villous above, less so below____- ’8. S. SCRIBNERI. 7. Lemma pubescent, the hairs not more than 1 mm. long (9). 9. Awn 4 to 6 em. long, obscurely geniculate, the terminal segment HE NGTOM EM eee ere een ea ee ee 9. S. ARIDA. 9. Awn 2 to 3 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the terminal segment straight (10). 10. Sheaths villous at the mouth; panicle as much as 30 em. long and 2 em. thick, the lower nodes villous__ 10. S. RoBusTA. 10. Sheaths glabrous at the mouth; panicle 5 to 15 em. long, rather narrow, the lower nodes glabrous (11). 11. Hairs at apex of the lemma about as long as the others; awn mostly more than 2 em. long_-_-___-_- 11 §S. coLUMBIANA. 11. Hairs at apex of the lemma longer than the others; awn mostly 1.5 to 2 em. long; leaf blades slender, involute, crowded toward the base of the plant. 12. S. LETTERMANI. 1. Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bubsli72 t32.- 1899. Stipa pennata var. neomexicana Thurb. in Coult., Man. Rocky Mount. 408. 1885. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, and Pima Counties, 3 500 to 5, 500 feet, dry, sandy or rocky hills and plains, May to Au- oust. Western Texas and Colorado to Utah and Arizona. 2. Stipa speciosa Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sei. Maltieo 2-45), 1842% Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky hills and canyons, April to 126 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE June. Colorado and Nevada to Arizona and southern California; southern South America. 3. Stipa coronata Thurb. in 8S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 287. 1880. Only a variety of this species, var. depawperata (M. E. Jones) Hitche. (S. parishii var. depauperata M. EK. Jones) is found in Arizona, along Bright Angel Trail, Coconino County, growing in large clumps on slopes, 5,000 feet (Hitchcock 13063), June to July. This variety, which ranges from Utah and Nevada to Arizona and southern California, differs from the species in the once- rather than twice-geniculate awn. Stipa coronata, excluding the variety, is con- fined to the Coast Range of California from Monterey to Baja California. | 4, Stipa pringlei Scribn. in Vasey, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 3: 54. 1892. Coconino, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, rocky, mostly wooded, slopes, June to September. Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua. 5. Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Natya) (oe els42: Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 7,500 feet, dry hills, open woods, and sandy soil, often with juniper, May to August. Indiana to Yukon Territory, south to Texas, Arizona, and California. The var. intermedia Scribn. and Tweedy, a form in which the third segment of the awn is relatively short and straight, has been found in Apache, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties. 3 6. Stipa eminens Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 42. 1799. Camp Grant, Graham County (Rothrock in 1874), rocky hills, August to October. Texas to Arizona and central Mexico. 7. Stipa lobata Swallen, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 199. 1933. On arocky bank along Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Silveus 1928). Western Texas to Arizona. 8. Stipa scribneri Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 11: 125. 1884. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), dry, rocky banks along Bright Angel Trail (Alitchcock 10448)| and Kaibab Trail to Roaring Springs (Eastwood and Howell 991), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, May to September. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 9. Stipa arida M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 2, 5: 725. 1895. Navajo and Coconino Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky hills and canyons, May to June. Southwestern Colorado, Utah, and northern Arizona. 10. Stipa robusta Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 23. 1897. | Stipa vaseyi Scribn., ibid. Bul. 11: 46. 1898. Apache, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, dry. plains, hills, and open woods, June to September. Colorado to western Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 127 11. Stipa columbiana Macoun, Cat. Canad. Pl. 24: 191. 1888. Stipa minor Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 46. 1898. Ten miles south of Jacob Lake, Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Forest Service 29047, Kearney and Peebles 13743), about 8,000 feet. Dry plains and open woods at medium and higher altitudes, Wyoming to Yukon Territory, south to Texas, northern Arizona, and California. A form differing from the species in being larger, with broader blades and longer, denser panicles, var. nelsonii (Scribn.) Hitche., was col- lected in Grand Canyon National Park (Merkle 19, in 1937). 12. Stipa lettermani Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 53. 1886. Franks Lake, Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Forest Service 62594). Open ground and open woods at upper altitudes, Wyoming to Montana and Oregon, south to New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. 45. ARISTIDA. THREE-AWN Tufted annuals or perennials with firm, usually involute leaf blades and narrow or open panicles; glumes equal or unequal, acute, acuminate, or awn-tipped; lemma indurate with a sharp bearded callus, 3-awned, the lateral awns sometimes much reduced, the base sometimes undivided, twisted, forming a column. Several species of this genus are very abundant in Arizona, but their forage value is relatively small. The purple three-awn (A. purpurea) and other species are grazed in the immature stage. The sharp- pointed fruits, like those of Stipa, are troublesome to livestock and become entangled in wool. Key to the species 1. Lemma articulate with the column of the awns; awns nearly equal; plants perennial (2). CS BO ES Be So a a 1. A. CALIFORNICA. ee TUDE A a Bae ee ee ee ee 2. A. GLABRATA. 1. Lemma not articulate (3). 3. Lateral awns minute or wanting; panicles open, the branches stiffly spreading to drooping, naked at base (4). 4. Column of the awn twisted at base; panicle branches often drooping. . A. ORCUTTIANA. 4. Column of the awn not twisted; panicle branches rather stiffly spreading. A. TERNIPES. 3. Lateral awns nearly as long as the central awn (5). 5. Plants annual (6). 6. Awns mostly 4 to 7 em. long, terete, spreading_-_-_~___ 5. A. OLIGANTHA. 6. Awns 10 to 15 mm. long, flattened at base__--_-- 6. A. ADSCENSIONIS. 5. Plants perennial (7). 7. Panicles open, the branches spreading, naked at base (8). 8. Panicle branches stiffly ascending; panicle narrow, stiffly erect, 10 to Se) TS Tey pa aaa ee ape wt! 10. A. PANSA. 8. Panicle branches stiffly and abruptly spreading at base (9). 9. Branchlets divaricate and implicate_______-_-__-- 7. A. BARBATA. 9. Branchlets appressed (10). 10. Summit of the lemma narrowed into a twisted neck 2 to 5 mm. OD CLL 2 a hl eel ee, earner 8. A. DIVARICATA. 10. Summit of the lemma not twisted______-___- 9. A. HAMULOSA. 7. Panicles narrow, often rather dense, the branches ascending or appressed, at least some of them floriferous nearly to the base (11). 11. Glumes nearly equal or the first sometimes a little longer (12). 12. Column of the awn distinctly twisted, 3 to 5 mm. long; panicle narrow, the branches appressed, floriferous nearly to the ov) aie eer pared lat are teal natn aaa Be eearieere 16. A. ARIZONICA. 286744°—42 128 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 12. Column of the awn straight or obscurely twisted; panicle some- what open, the branches rather distant, stiffly ascending, naked “at base = ae. 4 Oe Oe Wes eee ae 17. A. PARISHII. 11. Glumes unequal, the first half as long as the second, or as much as two-thirds as long in A. glauca (18). 13. Lemma narrowed into a slender beak 5 to 6 mm. long; awns 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, widely spreading____________ 11. A. GLAUEK. 13. Lemma not narrowed above (14). 14. Panicle branches very slender, more or less flexuous; lemma conspicuously scabrous in lines; awns terete at base. 12. A. PURPUREA. 14. Panicle branches stiffly ascending or appressed, or sometimes rather lax in A. longiseta, but then the lemma nearly glabrous and the awns flattened toward base (15). 15. Culms rather stout, 30 to 60 em. high; panicle 15 to 20 cm. long, densely flowered; awns 2 em. long. 15. A. WRIGHTII. 15. Culms rather slender, 20 to 30 em. high; panicle mostly 10 to 15 em. long, relatively few-flowered; awns 2 to 8 cm. long (16). 16. Leaves crowded toward the base in a dense cluster; lemma scabrous toward the summit, the awns 2 to 5 em. long; paniclesratherks tities 13. A. FENDLERIANA. 16. Leaves not crowded toward the base; lemma glabrous or nearly so, the awns 6 to 8 em. long; panicle lax. 14, A. LONGISETA. 1. Aristida californica Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 289. 1880. Yuma County, common along roadsides, on desert plains and mesas, apparently flowering as favorable conditions permit. Southwestern Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. 2. Aristida glabrata (Vasey) Hitche., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium Zoo ODD ODA Aristida californica var. glabrata Vasey, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. Ser, oo Sn Sol. Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, dry ground and mesas, common in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, apparently flowering whenever conditions are favorable. Southern Arizona to Baja California. 3. Aristida orcuttiana Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 27. 1886. Navajo, Yavapai, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, mostly about 5,000 feet, dry rocky hills and canyons, August to Sep- tember. Texas to southern California and northwestern Mexico. 4, Aristida ternipes Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 46. 1799. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, up to 6,000 feet, rocky hills and mesas, August to October. New Mexico and Arizona to northern South America and West Indies. The name spidergrass is sometimes applied to this species. The var. minor (Vasey) Hitche. is a smaller form with less diffuse panicles, the shorter branches usually stiffly spreading. It is more common than the species and occurs in Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties. 5. Aristida oligantha Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 41. 1803. Coconino National Forest, Coconino County (Forest Service 32581), | the only specimen known from Arizona and possibly introduced. Dry open ground, Massachusetts to South Dakota, south to Florida and Texas, also Oregon to California and Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 129 6. Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl. 82. 1753. Aristida bromoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 122. 1815. Mohave and Yavapai Counties to the southern boundary, up to 6,000 feet but usually lower, dry mesas, deserts, and rocky slopes, flow ering whenever conditions are favorable. Western Missouri and Texas to California and southward; warmer parts of the Old World. 7. Aristida barbata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 78. 1886. Aristida havardii Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 27. 1886. Coconino and Cochise Counties, dry slopes and mesas at medium altitudes, May to October. Western Texas to Arizona and central Mexico. 8. Aristida divaricata Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 99. 1809. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, mostly 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky hills, July to September. Kansas to southern California, south to Texas and Guatemala. 9. Aristida hamulosa Henr., Meded. Rijks Herbarium Leiden 54: 2ZN9, 1926. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,400 to 5,300 feet, dry slopes and mesas, June to September, type from Tucson (Toumey). Western Texas to southern California, south to Guatemala. 10. Aristida pansa Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbar- Harel Gs ll. 1.93: Coconino and Santa Cruz Counties, up to 5,000 feet, dry plains and open ground, July to October. ‘Texas to Arizona. 11. Aristida glauca (Nees) Walp., Ann. Bot. 1: 925. 1849. Chaetaria glauca Nees, Linnaea 19: 688. 1847. Aristida vaseyt Woot. ‘and Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 55. 1912. Coconino and Mohave See to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,200 feet, dry rocky slopes and plains, March to September. Western Texas to Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and southern California, south to central Mexico. 12. Aristida purpurea Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. n. s. 5: 145. 1837. Mohave, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,000 feet, dry rocky hills and plains. Arkansas and Kansas to Utah, Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. The var. lariflora Merr., with capillary branches bearing 1 or 2 spikelets, is found in Cochise County (Griffiths 1880). 13. Aristida fendleriana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 420. 1855. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, and Cochise Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, mesas, dry hills, and open rocky ground, May to August. South Dakota to Montana, south to Texas, Utah, Arizona, and southern California. 130 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 14. Aristida longiseta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 420. 1855. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, Greenlee, Graham, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, dry hills and plains, April to October. Texas to Colorado and Arizona. Two varieties are recognized, var. rariflora Hitche., which differs in the few-flowered panicles with long capillary flexuous branches; and var. robusta Merr., which differs in being a larger plant with a rather dense panicle, the branches relatively short and stiffly ascending. The former has been collected in Yavapai, Cochise, and Pima Counties, and the latter in Coconino, Mohave, and Pima Counties. 15. Aristida wrightii Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 116. 1903. Mohave, Pinal, Maricopa, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,000 feet, dry plains and rocky slopes, flowering apparently when- ever conditions are favorable. Texas, Colorado, and Utah, to south- ern California and central Mexico. 16. Aristida arizonica Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 27. 1886. Navajo, Coconino, and Cochise Counties, 4,500 to 8,000 feet, dry plains, rocky slopes, and open woods, May to September, type from Arizona (Rusby 875). Colorado and western Texas to Arizona, and southward through Mexico. 17. Aristida parishii Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 101. 1912. Yavapai, Maricopa, Yuma, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 4,000 feet, dry rocky hills, February to May. Arizona and southern California. 46. TRAGUS. Burerass Low annuals with flat leaf blades, the spikes closely arranged on a slender axis; spikes subsessile, falling entire, composed of 2 to 5 spikelets on a short zigzag rachis; first glumes small or wanting, the second glumes of the 2 lower spikelets bearing stout hooked spines along each side; lemma and palea thin, the lemma flat, the palea convex. Key to the species 1. Spikes or burs subsessile; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the SPLINES a) 2a), 7s fgen ee ee e LaL ewe 1. T. BERTERONIANUS. 1. Spikes or burs pedicelled; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, projecting beyond the SPINES.) yc | A ee ee a ele, a ee . T. RACEMOSUS. 1. Tragus berteronianus Schult., Mant. 2: 205. 1824. Nazia aliena Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: Oe ES Oe Mohave, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, up to 5,500 feet, dry open ground, September to October. Texas to Arizona, south to Argentina; warmer parts of the Old World. 2. Tragus racemosus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 241. 1785. Cenchrus racemosus L., Sp. Pl. 1049. 17538. Nazia racemosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891. On campus of the University of Arizona (Pima County). Waste ground, occasionally from Maine to North Carolina, also Texas to - Arizona; introduced from the Old World. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA L3lk 47 OVE LARA Stiff perennials with solid culms and narrow leaf blades, the groups of spikelets in rather narrow, dense terminal spikes; spikelets in groups of 3, the central spikelet fertile, 1-flowered, the lateral ones staminate, 2-flowered; glumes of the 3 spikelets firm, forming a false involucre; lemma and palea equal, hyaline. On Arizona ranges this genus is second in importance only to the eramas (Bouteloua spp.). Although not so palatable as the latter, the plants are better able to withstand close grazing and trampling. Curly-mesquite (7. belangeri) abounds on dry open foothills. Galleta (H. jamesii) is perhaps the most characteristic and important forage erass on the Navajo Indian Reservation and is inferior only to blue erama (Bouteloua gracilis) on the higher grasslands in the northern part of the State. Its place is taken in the southeastern grassland by tobosa (H. mutica). This species and big galleta (H. rigida) attain fullest development in depressions or on heavy alluvial soil. JH. jamesiz is used by the Hopi Indians as a fill for basketry and in making ceremonial articles. Key to the spectes 1. Culms tufted, sending out slender, wiry stolons, the internodes 5 to 15 em. CME De 2 oan Ee eee a ee ee 1. H. BELANGERI. 1. Culms not stoloniferous, erect from a stout decumbent or rhizomatous base (2). 2apcuimser clave pulbescemiie se 8 2 Ae Le Se se 2. HH. RIGIDA. 2. Culms glabrous (3). 3. Glumes of the lateral spikelets narrowed toward the apex. 3. H. JAMESII. 3. Glumes of the lateral spikelets conspicuously widened toward the sub- Diy lamer pee nrs = Semel rt. ape ICs at Sb 4). HS imurrea. 1. Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash, North Amer. Fl. 17: 135. 1912. Anthephora belangeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 111. 1854. Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 6,000 feet, mesas and foothills, May to September. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. . The var. longifolia (Vasey) Hitchc., a form with erect culms, elongate blades, and without rhizomes, is found on rocky hills around Tucson. The species is referred to H. cenchroides in Woot. and Standl., Flora of New Mexico. (Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 19: 53. 1915.) 2. Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Benth. ex Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: $62, 1882: Pleuraphis rigida Thurb. in S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 293. 1880. Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, up to 4,000 feet, deserts, plains, and rocky hills, February to September. Southern Utah and Nevada to Arizona, southern California, and Sonora. 3. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth., Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 19: 62.5 LSS. Pleuraphis jamesii Torr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 148. 1824. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, and Cochise Counties, 4,500 to 7,000 feet, dry hills, rocky canyons, and sandy plains, May to September. Wyoming to Nevada, south to Texas, Arizona, and Cal- ifornia. 132 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth., Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 19: 62. 1881. Pleuraphis mutica Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. Yavapai, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,600 feet, dry soil, mesas and hills, May to October. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 48. AEKGOPOGON Low, delicate, decumbent, spreading annual with flat, narrow leaf blades and loose racemes of spreading spikelets; spikelets in groups of 3, the central one perfect, the lateral spikelets staminate or neuter, falling entire; glumes membranaceous, toothed at apex, the midnerve extending into a delicate awn; lemma and palea thin, longer than the glumes, the nerves extending into awns. 1. Aegopogon tenellus (DC.) Trin., Gram. Unifl. 164. 1824. Lamarckia tenella DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 120. 1813. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, open ground in the moun- tains, August to September, 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Southern Arizona to northern South America. 49. LEPTOCHLOA. SpranGuLetop Annuals or perennials with flat leaf blades and numerous spikes scattered along the common axis; spikelets few- to several-flowered, the upper floret reduced to a small awnless rudiment; glumes 1-nerved, the second usually longer and broader than the first; lemmas acute to obtuse, pubescent or pilose on the nerves and sometimes on the internerves. Key to the species 1. Plants perennial; lemmas notched at apex, awnless, the lobes broad, obtuse. ~ Ae spuBES 1. Plants annual; lemmas mucronate or awned from between the teeth of a minutely bifid apex, if awnless then not with broad obtuse lobes (2). 2. Sheaths sparsely papillose-pilose; spikelets 1 to 2 mm. long, 3- or 4-flowered. . L. FILIFORMIS. 2. Sheaths glabrous or scabrous; spikelets 3 to 12mm. long, 5- to 12-flowered (3). 3. Lemmas 5 to 7 mm. long, mucronate only, scarcely narrowed toward the apex, the lateral nerves excurrent____---____-__-_ 5. L. UNINERVIA. 3. Lemmas 3 to 5 mm. long, awned, the awns sometimes minute (4). 4. Lemmas 2 mm. long, acute, viscid on the back; panicle usually less than 10cvemsdong. umiged wath: panes eee 3.) Le vaiscmae 4. Lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, acuminate, not viscid; panicle more than 10 cm. long, not tinged with purple__________ 4, L. FASCICULARIS. 1. Leptochloa dubia (H. B. K.) Nees, Syll. Pl. Ratisb. 1: 4. 1824. Chloris dubia, Th. B. K., Nov: Gen. et Sp. 1-169") lsilce Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, mostly 3,000 to 5,000 feet, rocky hills and open ground, July to Octo- ber. Oklahoma to Arizona, Mexico, and southern Florida; Argentina. This species affords good grazing and is sometimes cut for hay. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 133 2. Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 71, 161, 166. 1812. Festuca filiformis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191. 1791. Coconino, Yavapai, Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, cultivated land, along streams, etc., May to September. Virginia to eastern Kansas, south to Florida, Texas, Arizona, southern California, Mexico, and Argentina. 3. Leptochloa viscida (Scribn.) Beal, Grasses North Amer. 2: 434. 1896. Diplachne viscida Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10:30. 1883. Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 3,500 feet, open ground and waste places, June to October, type from Tucson (Pringle in 1881). Western Texas (El Paso) to California and northern Mexico. 4. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray, Man. 588. 1848. Festuca fascicularis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 189. 1791. Navajo and Pima Counties, along ditches and in moist waste places, often in brackish marshes, July to October. Throughout the United States, south to Argentina. 5. Leptochloa uninervia (Presl) Hitche. and Chase, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 18: 363. 1917. Megastachya uninervia Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 283. 1830. Pinal, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, along ditches, road- sides, and moist waste places. Mississippi to Colorado, Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico; Peru to Argentina. 50. DACTYLOCTENIUM. CrowrooteGrRass Decumbent, spreading annual with short, broad leaf blades and 2 to several thick, digitate, ascending or spreading spikes, the rachis ex- tending beyond the spikelets; spikelets compressed, 3- to 5-flowered, horizontally spreading; glumes subequal, the second bearing a short, stout spreading awn; lemmas thin, acute, 3-nerved, awnless. 1. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 68. 1890. Cynosurus aegyptius L., Sp. Pl. 72. 1753. A weed on the University campus, Tucson (Pima County). North Carolina to Florida, California, and tropical America; introduced from the Old World. 51. CYNODON. BERMUDAGRASS Stoloniferous perennial with narrow, often short leaf blades and few to several, slender, digitate spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the spikelet in a naked stipe; glumes subequal, the first lunate, the second lanceolate; lemma acute, awnless, pubescent on the nerves; palea as long as the lemma. A very abundant grass in the irrigated valleys of southern Arizona, where it is hard to eradicate except by frequent cultivation or shading. 134 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Lawns and old pastures usually become Bermudagrass sod. Indeed, a large proportion of the lawns are planted with this grass, although its abundant production of pollen makes it the commonest cause of hay fever in that region. The bulk of the world supply of Bermuda- erass seed is produced near Yuma, Ariz. 1. Cynodon daciylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 1805. Pameum dactylon Is., Sp. Pl. 58. 1753: Capriola dactylon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891. Throughout the State, at low altitudes, lawns and waste places. New Hampshire to Michigan, south to Florida, Arizona, and southern California; introduced in America. 52. SCHEDONNARDUS. TumsBiEcRass Slender, freely branching perennial, with few to several stiffly spreading spikes, distant on a slender, triangular axis; spikelets ses- sile, appressed, in 1 row on each of 2 sides of a triangular rachis; glumes abruptly narrowed into stiff awn-points, the second longer than the ae lemma 3-nerved, acuminate, a little longer than the glumes, awnless. 1. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. in Branner and Coville, Geol. Survey Ark. Rpt. 1888+: 236. 1891. Lepturus paniculatus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 81. 1818. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, up to 7,100 feet, on plains. Illinois to Saskatchewan and Montana, south to Texas and Arizona; Argentina. 53. SPARTINA. Corperass Rather coarse perennial with strong, scaly rhizomes, and several ascending or spreading spikes, these racemose on a common axis, the rachis produced beyond the spikelets; spikelets 1-flowered, disarticu- lating below the glumes; first glume shorter, the second longer than the floret; lemma firm but thinner than the glumes, keeled, subobtuse ; palea as long as, or longer than the lemma, with thin, very wide margins. 1.. Spartina gracilis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI, Sci. Nat. A NO S20: Apache and Navajo Counties, at medium altitudes, plains and in saline soil, August. Saskatchewan to British Columbia, south to Kansas, Arizona, and California. 54. CHLORIS Annuals or perennials, sometimes stoloniferous, with several digi- tate spikes; spikelets with 1 perfect floret, the rachilla prolonged be- yond the floret, bearing a club-shaped rudiment composed of 1 or more reduced sterile lemmas; fertile lemma 3-nerved, awned from the back just below the apex. OC. virgata, sometimes known as feather fingergrass, is a common annual weed, especially in alfalfa fields. It furnishes appreciable quantities of forage on the cattle ranges in the southeastern counties, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 135 where in favorable seasons it is cut for hay. Rhodesgrass (C. gayana) is grown to a very limited extent in the irrigated districts of southern Arizona as a pasture and hay crop. Key to the species 1. Plants annual; margins of the lemma short-ciliate on the lower part, long-ciliate on the upper third, the hairs as much as 4 mm. long__ 1. C. vVIRGATA. 1. Plants perennial; margins of the lemma rather evenly ciliate or, if longer, ciliate above, then the hairs much less than 4 mm. long (2). 2. Plants coarse, sparingly stoloniferous; rudiment composed of 2 sterile florets, the lower nearly as long as the fertile one, the upper floret very much reduced sspikes ascending 9_ kell Pale LS 2 2. C. GAYANA. 2. Plants slender, tufted, not stoloniferous; rudiment composed of 1 reduced floret; spikes widely spreading. -_-__...___.-___-- 3. C. LATISQUAMEA. 1. Chloris virgata Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 203. 1797. Chloris elegans H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 166. 1816. Mohave, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, a common weed in open ground and waste places. Nebraska to Texas, west to Nevada, Arizona, and southern California, introduced in a few eastern localities; tropical America. 2. Chloris gayana Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 89. 1829. Pinal and Pima Counties, escaped from cultivation near Sacaton and Tucson. North Carolina and Florida, west to southern Cali- fornia; tropical America; introduced from Africa. 3. Chloris latisquaamea Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 439. 1898. Santa Cruz River at La Noria, Santa Cruz County (Mearns 1205). Texas, Arizona, and northeastern Mexico. 55. TRICHLORIS Tufted, leafy perennial with several narrowly ascending spikes crowded on a short axis; spikelets 2-flowered, the upper one reduced; glumes acuminate, 1-nerved, persistent; lemmas rounded on the back, obscurely 3-nerved, 3-awned; palea broad, slightly exceeding the lemma. 1. Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, Univ. Cérdoba Facult. Cienc. Exact. Mem. 1896: 37. 1897. Chloris mendocina Phil., An. Univ. Chile 36: 208. 1870. Trichloris fasciculata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 142. 1886. Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima Counties, up to 4,000 feet, mesas and rocky hills. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico; southern South America. A rather large showy grass, rarely cultivated as an ornamental. 56. BOUTELOUA. Grama Cespitose or sometimes stoloniferous annuals or perennials with slender culms and one to many short 1-sided spikes, these racemose on a short or often elongate axis; spikelets with 1 fertile floret, and 1 or 2 rudimentary florets above it; fertile lemma 3-nerved, variously lobed or dentate at apex, the nerves usually excurrent in short awns; rudiment reduced to 3 awns, glumaceous and lobed, or dentate with 3 usually conspicuous awns. | 136 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE This is Arizona’s most important genus of forage grasses. Rothrock erama (B. rothrockw) and sideoats grama (B. curtipendula) are some- times cut for hay in the southeastern part of the State. Blue grama (B. gracilis) is highly valued and often predominant in “short-grass”’ areas north of the Mogollon Escarpment. When too heavily grazed these areas are encroached upon by noxious weeds and grasses of lower palatability. Three annual gramas furnish a large quantity of forage, but this is of poorer quality and shorter duration than that produced by the perennial species. Of these, sixweeks grama (B. barbata) and needle grama (B. aristidoides) are abundant in the foothills and plains of the southern counties, and mat grama (B. simplex) is important on the northern plateaus. Key to the species 1. Spikes deciduous, falling entire; spikelets not pectinate or obscurely so (2). 2. Plant annual; spikes very narrow, abruptly spreading above, the rachis sharp-pointed at base; spikelets appressed______ 10. B. ARISTIDOIDES. 2. Plants perennial; spikes relatively broad, the rachis not sharp-pointed at base (3). 3. Spikes 20 to 40; spikelets appressed or somewhat spreading. 1 B. CURTIPENDULA. 3. Spikes fewer than 15 (4). 4. Second glume hairy (5). 5. Spikes 3 to 8, rhomboid, the margins of the rachis densely ciliate; spikelets obscurely pectinate_________ 11. B. cHONDROSIOIDEs. 5. Spikes 10 to 13, triangular, the margins of the rachis not conspicu- ously ciliate; spikelets not pectinate_________ 12. B. BLUDENS. 4. Second glume glabrous (6). 6. Base of the plant hard and rhizomatous; sheaths usually broad and COLISPUC WU OUS Se ae cepa ei 13. B. RADICOSA. 6. Base of the plant comparatively soft, not rhizomatous; sheaths INCONSPICUOUSE : SANE He: aN UlRe eae Le Re ee 14. B. FILIFORMIS. 1. Spikes persistent; spikelets pectinate (7). 7. Plants annual (8). ; 8. Spike 1} ascending or spreadime, cunvedsl2 22s s2—5= =ss—= ie IS sesiniemnxe 8. Spikes 4 to 7, finally spreading, straight (9). 9. Second glume papillose-hispid on the keel; rachis papillose-hispid- 2 7. Plants perennial (10). 10. Rachis produced beyond the spikelets, pointed; second glume tubercu- late-hispid (11). 11: Culms glabrous 2: oie 2 ot ee ee eee ee 4. B. HIRSUTA. 11. Culms retrorsely hirsute below the nodes__-_---- 5. B. GLANDULOSA. 10. Rachis terminating in a spikelet, this often rudimentary; second glume glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent, sparsely papillose-pilose in B. gracilis (12). 12. Spikes normally 2, rarely 1 or 3; second glume sparsely papillose- POUL OS ia Sts tao pe ee Si ee eee Se 6. B. GRACILIS. 13. Culms glabrous, erect, cespitose, not stoloniferous (14). 14. Culms branching; awns of the fertile lemma 2 to 3 mm. long; plant often appearing annual-_-_-_-_-_---- 8. B. ROTHROCKII. 14. Culms simple; awns of the fertile lemma about 5 mm. long. 9. B. TRIFIDA. 1. Bouteloua simplex Lag., Var. Cienc. 2 *: 141. 1805. Bouteloua prostrata Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 5. 1816. Apache, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, up to 7,000 feet, dry plains and open woods, August to September. Texas to Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 137 2. Bouteloua parryi (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium Mseat. 1912. Chondrosium parryi Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 150. 1886. Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, mostly 3,000 to 5,000 feet, mesas and rocky hills, August to October. New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 3. Bouteloua barbata Lag., Var. Cienc. 2 4: 141. 1805. Bouteloua polystachya Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5 ?: 366. 1857. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 5,500 feet, dry mesas and rocky hills, July to October. Texas to southern Utah, Arizona, southeastern Califor- nia, and Mexico. 4. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag., Var. Cienc. 2 *: 141. 1805. Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,500 feet, dry, rocky hills and mesas, August to October. Wisconsin and South Dakota to Texas, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. 5. Bouteloua glandulosa (Cerv.) Swallen, North Amer. Fl. 17: 621. 1939. Erucaria glandulosa Cerv., Naturaleza 1: 347. 1876. Near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Goodding et al. 3582), rocky hills and plains. Arizona and Mexico. 6. Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 219. 1840. Chondrosium gracile H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 176. 1816. Bouteloua oligostachya Torr. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2, 553. 1856. Apache County to Mohave County, south to. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 (rarely 8,000) feet, dry plains, July to October. Wisconsin to Manitoba and Alberta, south to Missouri, Texas, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. 7. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856. Chondrosium eriopodum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,200 to 5,300 feet, dry hills, mesas, and open ground, July to October. Texas to southern Utah, Arizona, and Mexico. 8. Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 1: 268. 1893. Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,200 feet, mesas and rocky foothills, August to October, type from Cottonwood (Rothrock 347), Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. 138 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 9. Bouteloua trifida Thurb. in S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce ls (an, SsSay Mohave, Maricopa, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, mostly 2,000 to 4,000 feet, mesas and dry rocky hillsides, March to June, and some- times in October. Texas to southwestern Utah, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. 10. Bouteloua aristidoides (H. B. K.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Indies Doles waltso4s Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 171. 1816. Bouteloua aristidoides var. arizona M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 14: 13. 1912. Greenlee County to Mohave County, south to the southern border, up to 5,500 feet, deserts, dry mesas, and rocky hillsides, June to Octo- ber. ‘Texas to southern California and northern Mexico; Argentina. 11. Bouteloua chondrosioides (H. B. K.) Benth. ex S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 18: 179. 1883. Dinebra chondrosioides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 173. 1816. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,200 feet, rocky hills, August to October. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 12. Bouteloua eludens Griffiths, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 14: 401. 92. Rocky hills in the Santa Catalina and Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), August to September, type from the Santa Rita Mountains (Griffiths 7269). Arizona and Sonora. 13. Bouteloua radicosa (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 14: 411. 1912. Atheropogon radicosus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 140. 1886. Apache, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,700 to 6,800 feet, rocky hills and canyons, August to September. New Mexico to southern California and Mexico. 14. Bouteloua filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium. 14: 413. 1912. Atheropogon filiformis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 140. 1886. Mohave, Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, below 5,000 feet, mesas and rocky foothills, July to October. Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 15. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848. Chloris curtipendula Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 59. 1803. Navajo and Coconino Counties south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, up to 7,000 feet, dry rocky hills and canyons, April to October. Maine and Ontario to Montana, south to Maryland, Alabama, Texas, Arizona, and southern California. 57. CATHESTECUM Stoloniferous perennial with relatively short, flat leaf blades and several V-shaped or rhomboid spreading spikes arranged on opposite FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 139 sides of the slender, flattened axis; spikes falling entire, consisting of 3 spikelets, the lateral ones 2-flowered, staminate or sterile, the central spikelet 3-flowered, the lowest floret pistillate or rarely perfect, the upper florets staminate or sterile; lemmas dissimilar, the lower ones cleft about one-fourth their length, awned from between the lobes, the awns equaling or slightly exceeding them, the upper lemmas deeply cleft, their awns villous in the lower part, extending as much as 3 mm. beyond the lobes. 1. Cathestecum erectum Vasey and Hack., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 11: 37. 1884. Southern Arizona, without locality (Z. Palmer in 1869), dry hills and plains. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 58. MUNROA. FaALsE-BUFFALOGRASS Freely branching, widely decumbent-spreading annual with short, firm, pungent leaf blades and short spikes hidden in the crowded sheaths at the ends of the branches; spikes composed of 2 or 3 spike- lets, the lower one or two 3- or 4-flowered, the upper spikelet 2- or 3- flowered; glumes of the lower 1 or 2 spikelets equal, 1-nerved, those of the upper spikelet much shorter, the first about half as long as the second; lemmas 3-nerved, excurrent in short awns, the central awn longer and stouter than the lateral awns. 1. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4°: t58:- ESSZ. Crypsis squarrosa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:49. 1818. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, and Yavapai Counties, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, open plains and hills, June to October. Alberta to Texas and Arizona. Not infrequently plants are found with a white weblike covering, the remains of egg cases of a woolly aphid. 59. BUCHLOE. Burratoarass Stoloniferous perennial with short slender culms and flat narrow leaf blades; plants monoecious or dioecious, sometimes with perfect flowers; staminate spikes 1 to 4, pectinate, the spikelets 2- or 3- flowered, the glumes acute, the second glume about twice as long as the first, the lemmas acute or subobtuse, 3-nerved, awnless; pistillate spikes 1 or 2, falling entire, the short, thickened, indurate rachis and second glumes forming a false involucre around the spikelets, the spikelets 1-flowered, the first glume thin, acuminate, sometimes obso- lete, the lemma indurate, 3-toothed, with margins overlapping and enclosing the palea, the palea firm, about as long as the lemma. 1. Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 1: 432. 1859. Sesleria dactyloides Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:65. 1818. Bulbilis dactyloides Raf. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 763. 1891. Rocky limestone soil on ridge running from Promontory to Tonto Creek, Gila County (Forest Service 58246). Minnesota to Montana, south to Iowa, western Louisiana, and Arizona. A dominant forage grass in the Great Plains region, but very rare in Arizona. a 140 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 60. HIEROCHLOE. Sweererass Slender, erect, sweet-smelling perennial, with slender creeping rhizomes, flat leaf blades, and small, open panicles of bronze-colored spikelets; spikelets with 1 terminal fertile floret and 2 staminate florets, these falling attached to the fertile one; staminate lemmas as long as the glumes, boat-shaped, hispidulous; fertile lemma a little shorter than the others, indurate, awnless. 1. Hierochloé odorata (L.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 62,164. 1812. Holeus odoratus Ta. Sp. Pll 104857 1753: Savastana odorata Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5:34. 1894. Coconino and Pima Counties, wet places, 7,000 feet or higher, June to July. Labrador to Alaska, south to New Jersey, Oregon, and in the mountains to New Mexico and Arizona; Eurasia. Sweetgrass, also known as holygrass, vanillagrass, and senecagrass, is used by the Indians in some parts of the United States for making fragrant baskets. 61. PHALARIS. Canaryerass Annuals or perennials with flat leaf blades and erect, spikelike, sometimes interrupted panicles; spikelets laterally compressed, with one fertile floret and 1 or 2 much-reduced sterile florets below the fertile one; fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter than the glumes. The canary seed of commerce is obtained from P. canariensis. A form of P. arundinacea, reed canarygrass (var. picta L.), is cultivated as a garden ornamental under the name ribbongrass. Key to the species 1. Plants perennial with creeping rhizomes; panicle interrupted below, the branches spreading in anthesis__________________ 1. P. ARUNDINACEA. 1. Plants annual (2). 2. Glumes broadly winged; panicle ovate or ovate-oblong (3). 3. Sterile lemma 1; fertile lemma 3 mm. long______________-_ 2. P. MINOR. 3. Sterile lemmas 2; fertile lemma 4 to 6 mm. long____ 3. P. CANARIENSIS. 2. Glumes wingless or nearly so (4). 4, Panicles mostly 2 to 6 cm. long, tapering to each end; glumes 5 to 6 mm. Oi? eve ia tect wha ee ease EET Se ie ee eee, 4, P. CAROLINIANA. 4. Panicles mostly 6 to 15 em. long, subcylindric; glumes 3.5 to 4 mm. VON 28 ask S setae let a ate, Co a ae ee en eam 5. P. ANGUSTA: 1. Phalaris arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 55. 1753. Crater Lake, Coconino County, 8,000 feet (McDougal 834). Moist places, New Brunswick to southeastern Alaska, south to North Caro- lina, Kentucky, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and northeastern California; Eurasia. 2. Phalaris minor Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 8. 1783. Tempe, Maricopa County (McLellan and Stitt 765). Introduced in a few scattered localities in the United States, rather common in Cali- fornia; native of the Mediterranean region. 3. Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl. 54. 1753. Near Government Hill, Gila County (Forest Service 39185). Waste places, Nova Scotia to Alaska, south to Virginia, Texas, Arizona, and — California; introduced from the Mediterranean region. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 141 4. Phalaris caroliniana Walt., Fl. Carol. 74. 1788. Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 6,000 feet, moist ground, April to August. Virginia to Colorado, south to Florida and Texas, west to Arizona, California, and Oregon. 5. Phalaris angusta Nees in Trin., Gram. Icon. 1: pl. 78. 1827. Sacaton, Pinal County (Harrison 5266). Open ground at low alti- tudes, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arizona, and California; southern South America. 62. LEERSIA. CurtaGrass Slender, erect or decumbent perennial with creeping rhizomes and flat, scabrous leaf blades; spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, disarticulating from the pedicel; glumes wanting; lemma chartaceous, boat-shaped, hispid; palea as long as the lemma but much narrower, the margins firmly held by the margins of the lemma. 1. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788. Phelaris oryzoides Ta. Sp. Pl. 55; - 1753. Greenlee and Pima Counties, a weed along irrigation ditches. Quebec and Maine to eastern Washington, south to northern Florida, Arizona, and southern California; Europe. 63. TRICHACHNE. Cortontop Perennial, with flat leaf blades and slender, erect or ascending racemes forming a white silky inflorescence; first glume minute; second glume and sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit, conspicuously villous with long hairs; fertile lemma acuminate, brown. 1. Trichachne californica (Benth.) Chase, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 455,.4 1933. Panicum californicum Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 55. 1840. Valota saccharata (Buckl.) Chase, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 19: 188. 1906. Mohave County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 6,000 feet, mesas and rocky hills in open ground. Texas to Colorado, Arizona, and Mexico. Cottontop furnishes a considerable quantity of palatable forage for a short period following spring or summer rain. 64. DIGITARIA. Crasperass Decumbent spreading annual with flat leaf blades and rather slender, ascending or spreading, digitate racemes; spikelets usually in pairs on one side of a flat, winged rachis; first glume evident; second glume shorter than the sterile lemma, exposing the fruit, more or less pubescent; fertile lemma cartilaginous, pale, with hyaline margins. 1. Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 1: 52. 1772. Panicum sanguinale L., Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. Syntherisma sanguinalis Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 77. 1867. Sacaton (Pinal County) and western base of Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County). A common weed in waste places in temperate and tropical regions of the world. 142 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Where it is sufficiently abundant this grass supplies forage of good. quality. 65. LEPTOLOMA. Fati-witcHeRass Slender perennial, felty-pubescent at base, with branching brittle culms, flat leaf blades, and diffuse panicles: first glume minute or obsolete: second olume and sterile lemma nearly equal, appressed- hairy on the internerves and margins; fertile lemma elliptic, acute, brown. 1. Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 19: 192906: Panicum cognatum Schult., Mant. 2:235. 1824. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and ee Counties, up to 5,000 feet, rocky slopes and eravelly plains, August to September. New Hampshire to Minnesota, south to Florida, Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. The mature panicles break away and become “‘tumbleweeds.’”’ The species is a fairly palatable forage plant. 66. ERIOCHLOA. Cuprerass Erect or decumbent annuals with flat leaf blades and several to numerous erect or ascending racemes, approximate on a common axis; spikelets usually solitary in two rows on one side of a narrow rachis: second glume and_ sterile lemma equal, longer than the fruit, the lemma sometimes enclosing a palea or a staminate flower; fertile lemma indurate, minutely rugose, mucronate or awned. Key to the species 1. Pedicels with erect hairs at least half as long as the spikelets. 1. KE. LEMMONI. 1. Pedicels pubescent or scabrous (2). 2. Second glume and sterile lemma awned; spikelets, including the awns, 7 to 10 mim, longs See ee See oe Re ey een 2. EH. ARISTATA. 2. Second glume and sterile lemma awnless or mucronate; spikelets not more than 6 mm. long (8). 32 PruitiSammslong apiculate! | = 2 = os ee eee 3. 1H. GRACIAS: 3. Fruit 2 to 2.6 mm. long, with an awn 0.5 to 1 mm. long (4). 4. Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, the second glume merely acute; rachis slender, pubescent 222. 2 s.23 5 eee ae oe ees 4. E. PROCERA. 4, Spikelets, including the awn of the second glume, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; rachis relatively stout, scabrous-_--__--------- 5. E. CONTRACTA. 1. Eriochloa lemmoni Vasey and Scribn., Bot. Gaz. 9: 185. 1884. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, rocky, grassy slopes, August to September, type from the Huachuca Moun- tains (Lemmon 2910). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 2. Eriochloa aristata Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 229. 1886. Open ground around Tucson, Pima County (Thornber 98, Griffiths 1612, 6943). Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. 3. Eriochloa gracilis (Fourn.) Hitchc., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 455. 1933. Helopus gracilis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2:13. 1886. “Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 5,200 feet, moist open ground, June to October. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 143 A smaller form with more crowded less acuminate spikelets, and fertile lemma as long as the second glume and sterile lemma, is var. minor (Vasey) Hitche. This species is of some value as a forage plant. 4. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) Hubbard, Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Mise. Inform. 1930: 256. 1930. Agrostis procera Retz., Observ. Bot.4:19. 1786. On campus of the University of Arizona, Tucson, Pima County (Griffiths 1516). Cuba; introduced from Asia. 5. Eriochloa contracta Hitchc., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 3,600 feet (Kearney and Peebles 14484). Open ground, ditches, and wet places, Kansas to Louisiana and Arizona, introduced in Missouri and Virginia. 67. PASPALUM Perennials, with flat leaf blades and 2 to several spikelike racemes paired or racemose on a common axis; spikelets solitary or paired in two rows on one side of the rachis; first glume usually wanting; second glume and the sterile lemma equal, covering the fruit; fertile lemma indurate, smooth, usually obtuse. These grasses are good forage plants. Dallisgrass (P. dilatatum) has been cultivated as a pasture grass in the southern United States and elsewhere. Knotgrass (P. distichum) serves as a soil binder along streams. Key to the species 1. Racemes 2, paired; first glume often developed; plants often with extensively ese tlk a ee re eee Pe ee 1. P. DISTICHUM. 1. Racemes 1 to 5, never paired; first glume obsolete; plants cespitose, without stolons (2). 2. Culms with terminal inflorescence only; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, the Mir PIAS gente treteom ee BS eS 2. P. DILATATUM. 2. Culms with terminal and axillary inflorescences; spikelets 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long, glabrous or densely pubescent, the margins not fringed. 3. P. STRAMINEUM. 1. Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 855. 1759. Yavapai, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, at low altitudes, moist ground along streams and ditches, June to September. New Jersey to Florida, west to California and northwest to Idaho and Washington. 2. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 5:35. 1804. In the grass garden at Tucson, Pima County (Hitchcock 3474), per- haps merely cultivated; introduced from South America. 3. Paspalum stramineum Nash in Britton, Man. 74. 1901. Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, about 4,000 feet, sandy open Y_ Of eround, June to September. Indiana to Minnesota, south to Texas, Arizona, and northwestern Mexico. 68. PANICUM Annuals or perennials, with spikelets usually in open panicles; first glume minute to more than half as long as the spikelet; second glume and the sterile lemma equal, usually covering the fruit, the sterile 286744°—42- 10 144 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE lemma sometimes enclosing a staminate flower; fertile lemma indurate, typically obtuse. Bulb panicum (P. bulbosum), vine-mesquite (P. obtusum), and switch- orass (P. virgatum) yield forage and are sometimes cut for hay. Vine- mesquite is an excellent plant for controlling too rapid erosion in gulleys, but is sometimes looked upon asa weed. The seeds of several species were used for food by the Indians of Arizona. Key to the species 1. Plants annual (2). 2. Fruit transversely rugose; spikelets obscurely arranged in spikelike racemes 3) 3. Spikelets dark brown, strongly reticulate-veined, glabrous. P. FASCICULATUM. 3. Spikelets green, reticulate-veined only at the apex, pubescent (4). 4. Spikelets 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; sheaths and blades glabrous to papillose- hhispid!2e eS. 5e Oe a era 9h Bee ei eee 2. P. ARIZONICUM. 4. Spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long; sheaths and blades soft-pubescent. P. TEXANUM. 2. Fruit smooth and shining (5). 5: Burst e lume shorts CUnGa te = ess setae ee eee 4. P. DICHOTOMIFLORUM. 5. First glume usually as much as half the length of the spikelet, acute or acuminate (6). 6. Panicles usually more than half the height of the culm, the branches stiffly ‘spreading: 3 2) ue 5) ie ree eran 5. BP. (CAPILGARES 6. Panicles not more than one-third the height of the culm, the branches ascending (7). 7. First glume subacute or blunt, about one-third the length of the spikelet:% 52 5.) 08k Ses Ar etait ee Seen em 6. P. STRAMINEUM. 7. First glume acuminate, usually more than half the length of the spikelet (8). S..copikelets 4. maim Silom pote oe) eae ps ag eet 7. P. PAMPINOSUM. 8. Spikelets not more than 3.3 mm. long______-_ 8. P. HIRTICAULE. 1. Plants perennial (9). 9. Basal leaves distinctly different from those of the culm, forming a winter rosette; culms at first simple, later becoming much branched (10). 10. Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent. 11. P. ScRIBNERIANUM. 10. Spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, pubescent; ligule of conspicuous hairs 4 to 5 mm. long (11). 11. Blades glabrous on the upper surface, with rather conspicuous firm white margins! 7% = fet) ne eae see, eee 9. P. TENNESSEENSE. 11. Blades pilose on the upper surface, sometimes near the base only. 10. P. HUACHUCAE. 9. Basal leaves similar to those of the culm, not forming a winter rosette (12). 12. Plants cespitose; rhizomes and stolons wanting (13). 13. Fruit transversely rugose (14). 14. Culms distinctly bulbous at base___________- 12. P. BULBOSUM. 146 Culms snot) bulbous.) Se ee eee 13. P. PLENUM. 13. Fruit smooth (15). 15. Spikelets 3 to 3.7 mm. long; leaves crowded toward base, the blades becoming curled or twisted with age________ 14, PY HALE 15. Spikelets 4 to 4.2 mm. long; leaves not crowded toward base, the blades “netccuriedss-< 225) ee = eo 15. P. LEPIDULUM. 12. Plants rhizomatous or with widely creeping stolons (16). 16. Plants without rhizomes; first glume obtuse; fruit as long as the spike- let; culms erect from a knotty crown, with long, widely spreading stolons, the nodes of the stolons densely bearded. 18. P. oBTUSUM. 16. Plants rhizomatous; first glume acute; fruit much shorter than the spikelet (17). 17. Spikelets densely villous, 6 to 7 mm. long; nodes densely bearded. 16. P. URVILLEANUM. 17. Spikelets glabrous, 3.5 to 5 mm. long; nodes glabrous. 17. P. VIRGATUM. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 145 1. Panicum fasciculatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788. Pinal and Pima Counties, in open sandy ground and waste places, mostly around Tucson. Arkansas and Louisiana to Arizona, Mexico, and tropical America. This species typically has broad blades and open panicles with spike- lets 2.1 to 2.6mm. long. Only the var. reticulatum (Torr.) Beal, with narrow blades, narrow condensed panicles, and spikelets 2.6 to 3 mm. long, is found in Arizona. 2. Panicum arizonicum Scribn. and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 2. 1901. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 4,000 feet, sandy ground and open rocky slopes, July to October, type from Camp Loweli, Pima County (Pringle 465). Texas to southern Cali- fornia and Mexico. 3. Panicum texanum Buckl., Prelim. Rpt. Geol. and Agr. Survey Tex. App. 3. 1866. Introduced at Wilmot, Pima County (Thornber 39, in 1903). Moist open ground, Texas and northern Mexico, introduced in a few local- ities eastward. 4. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 48. 1803. Tempe, Maricopa County (McLellan and Stitt 576). Moist ground, a weed in waste places, Maine to Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas, occasionally introduced westward. 5. Panicum capillare L., Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, and Cochise Counties, 5,000 to 5,400 feet, moist open ground, July to October. Prince Edward Island to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Missouri, Texas, Arizona, and California. Only var. occidentale Rydb. (P. barbipulvinatum Nash) occurs in Arizona, differing from the species in the shorter, less pubescent leaf blades crowded toward the base, and more exserted panicles of some- what larger spikelets. 6. Panicum stramineum Hitche. and Chase, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 15: 67. 1910. Tucson (Pima County), and moist sandy plains near the Mexican border, August to September. Southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. 7. Panicum pampinosum Hitche. and Chase, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 15: 66. 1910. Pima County, at Wilmot (Thornber 193, the type collection), and Tucson Mountains (Griffiths 6939%). New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 8. Panicum hirticaule Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830. Mohave, Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 4,000 feet, dry open ground and waste places, June to September. Arkansas and western Texas to southern Califor- nia, Mexico, and Colombia. 146 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF. AGRICULTURE 9. Panicum tennesseense Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: OZ ae LOIS: Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County (Harrison and Kearney 7256). Open ground and borders of woods, Maine to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Texas, also at a few localities in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 10. Panicum huachucae Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 51. 1898. Bright Angel Trail (Coconino County), Fort Huachuca (Cochise County), about 4,000 feet, open ground, type from the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882). Nova Scotia to Montana, south to Florida and Texas, also westward in a few scattered localities. The var. fasciculatum (Torr.) F. T. Hubb., which is more slender and less pubescent, with thin lax spreading blades sparsely pilose on the upper surface, occurs near Tucson (Youmey 781). It has about the same general range as the species. 11. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 421. 1895. Apache, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 4,500 to 5,500 feet, open sandy ground, June to September. Maine to British Columbia, south to Maryland, Tennessee, Texas, Arizona, and northern California. 12. Panicum bulbosum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 99. 1815. Coconino, Yavapai, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,300 to 8,000 feet, moist canyons and open woods, July to October. West- ern Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The var. minus Vasey (Panicum bulbosum var. sciaphilum Hitche. and Chase) is a smaller slender form with narrow blades and spike- lets 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long. The variety is as common as the species and has the same range. 13. Panicum plenum Hitche. and Chase, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium sl o2e802a shOoe Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, at medium altitudes, along streams and on rocky hills, August to September. Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 14. Panicum hallii Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 11: 61. 1884. Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,400 to 5,700 feet, dry prairies and rocky hills, August to October. Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 15. Panicum lepidulum Hitche. and Chase, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Her- loanonsa ys 7/5, IE Nogales, Santa Cruz County (Peebles et al. 4621). New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Mexico. This is the only typical specimen of this species from the United States. = ak een ees 31. A. DESPERATUS. 16. Racemes not or but slightly surpassing the leaves; leaflets 4 to 11 mm. wide; pods not or only slightly reflexed, densely soft- villous at maturity, ovoid (17). 17. Leaflets 3 to 7, white-sericeous; calyx 12 to 15 mm. long; corolla 20 to 30 mm. long; pods somewhat incurved at apex. 19. A. NEWBERRYI. 17. Leaflets 9 to 18, white-villous; calyx 8 mm. long; corolla 12 to 15 mm. long; pods crescent-shaped-------- 20. A, BLYAE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 471 15. Pubescence of the pods, if any, relatively short and more or less appressed (18). 18. Pods stipitate, the stipes 244 to 3 times as long as the calyx; stems and the lower surface of the leaflets sparsely strigose: leaflets mastly broadly obovate; pods broadly ovoid, 15 to 20 mn. long es SP SD 45. A. AMPULLARIUS. 18. Pods sessile or nearly so (19). 19. Calyx 4 to 7 mm. long, campanulate or cylindric-campanulate; corolla 8 to 15 mm. long; pods 10 to 15 mm. long; leaflets 2 to 4 mm. wide (20). 20. Pods rather promptly dehiscent, not rugose-veiny, deeply grooved toward the base on each side of the very promi- nent ventral suture; leaflets acute or acutish at apex; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla 10 to 15 mm. long. 8. A. CONFERTIFLORUS. 20. Pods indehiscent or tardily and incompletely dehiscent, rugose-veiny, not deeply grooved on the ventral side, the ventral suture not prominent; leaflets rounded or obtuse at apex; calyx less than 5 mm. long; corolla about 8 mm. igedperee See ee Gee 28. A. ACCUMBENS. 19. Calyx 7 mm. long or longer, cylindric, corolla usually at least 15 mm. Jong; pods rarely less than 15 mm. long (except in A, castaneaeformis), indehiscent; leaflets commonly 5 mm. wide or wider, elliptic to obovate, not more than 3 times as long as wide (21). 21. Leaflets glabrous or sparsely strigose above (22). 22. Racemes little or not surpassing the leaves, usually dense in flower; calyx hairs prevailingly white; pods glabrous, ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, acuminate at apex, oreo mm slang 20a) ta Ss 33 14. A. REMULCUs. 22. Racemes greatly surpassing the leaves, rather loose in flower; calyx hairs prevailingly black: pods strigose, oblong-lanceolate in outline, abruptly ‘acute at apex, Ue eae LT cc ec: ee ea 15. A. CHLORIDAE. 21. Leaflets strigose to sericeous on both faces, usually rather densely so (23). 23. Pods straight, oblong or oblong-lanceolate in outline. 18. A. VESPERTINUS. 23. Pods more or less curved (24). 24. Pods broadly ovate in outline, very asymmetric, not more than twice as long as their greatest diameter. 17. A. CASTANEAEFORMIS. 24. Pods oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate in outline, 3 or more times as long as their greatest diameter (25). 25. Calyx in flower 10 to 14 mm. long; pods pilose with short, more or less kinky, subappressed hairs, slightly curved, not tapering at base. 13. A. PEPHRAGMENUS. 25. Calyx in flower usually not more than 10 mm. long; pods appressed-pubescent, strigose to sericeous (26). 26. Pods strongly curved, sometimes forming nearly a semicircle, acuminate at both ends, often so much narrowed at base as to appear stipitate. 12. A. AMPHIOXYS. 26. Pods moderately curved, obtuse or acutish at base. 16. A. CURTILOBUS 1. Plant caulescent, the stems leafy well above the base and usually more than 10 cm. long (27). 27. Leaflets and stipules rigidly spine-tipped; leaflets subulate, about one- eighth as wide as long; flowers very few, in axillary clusters shorter than the leaves; pods 1-celled, lanceolate in outline__ 1. A. IMPENSUS. 27. ES stipules not rigidly ‘spine-tipped but sometimes sharply cuspi- ate 28. Walls of the pod transversely ridged and furrowed, at least in pressed specimens (29). 29. Ridges of the pod rather hard and sharp-edged, the pods completely 2-celled, not more than 4 mm. long; seeds usually only 2. 73. A. DISPERMUS. 472 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 29. Ridges of the pod not hard or sharp-edged, the pods 1-celled, 8 mm’ long or longer, stipitate, pendulous, strigose, deeply grooved on each side of the very prominent ventral suture; seeds several; racemes dense, many-flowered__________ 7. A. HAYDENIANUS. 28. Walls of the pods not transversely ridged and furrowed, but sometimes conspicuously ecross-veined (30). 30. Pods more or less completely 2-celled, the lower suture introverted toform a septum extending at least halfway across the cavity (31). 31. Length of the pods less than 3 times the greatest diameter (32). 32. Pods incompletely 2-celled, elliptic, nearly sessile, 10 to 15 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide; flowering stems from slender creeping rootstocks; leaflets elliptic to obovate, less than 10 mm. long, mostly retuse at apex; racemes few-flowered; calyx teeth subu- late, about equaling the tube; corolla about 7 mm. long. 49. A. COBRENSIS. 32. Pods completely 2-celled, ovoid (88). 33. Herbage copiously strigose to white-sericeous; pods often mottled, 15 to 20 mm. long; corolla 9 to 15 mm. long (34). 4 34. Pods glabrous or not densely strigose; plant green, strigose or somewhat canescent_________- 57. A. FREMONTIL. 34. Pods rather densely strigose or sericeous; plant whitish Sericeousior tomentose._5=_/ 2-222 58. A. COULTERI. 33. Herbage sparsely strigose or glabrate (the leaflets rarely seri- ceous beneath) ; pods not or only exceptionally mottled (35). 35. Calyx 5 to 9 mm. long; pods 20 to 25 mm. long. 59. A. DIPHYSUS. 35. Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long; pods 9 to 15 mm. long. . A. MACDOUGALI. 31. Length of the pods 3 or more times the greatest diameter (36). 36. Pods 3 to 4 times as long as their greatest diameter (37). 37. Leaflets linear, 6 or more times as long as wide; pods con- spicuously veiny, their greatest diameter above the middle. 48. A. BRANDEGEI. 37. Leaflets broader than linear, less than 6 times as long as wide; pods not conspicuously veiny, their greatest diameter at or below the middle (88). 38. Pods long-stipitate, glabrous, the walls coriaceous. A. EREMITICUS. 38. Pods sessile or nearly so (39). 39. Leaflets and pods whitish sericeous; calyx 5 mm. long; pods lanceolate in outline; plant annual. 61. A. AGNINUS. 39. Leaflets and pods strigose or glabrate; calyx 7 to 10 mm. long (40). 40. Inflorescence rather short and compact; corolla whitish or purplish pink; pods erect or ascending, usually TO tole Ca pete ieee ee ed Slane ee 55. {A. WILSONI. 40. Inflorescence elongate, very open; corolla purple; pods spreading, not mottled______~_ 56. A. MOKIACENSIS. 36. Pods 4 or more times as long as their greatest diameter (41). 41. Stipe of the pod conspicuous, usually equaling or surpassing the calyx; leaflets glabrous above or nearly so (42). 42. Pedicels not or seldom recurved; pods erect or ascending, glabrous, the walls coriaceous; corolla about 15 mm. long, DuUrEplenorswihiitis hee as ae eee 53. A. EREMITICUS. 42. Pedicels recurved, at least in fruit; pods pendulous, the walls thin; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long, whitish (48). 43. Pods strigose, the stipe often surpassing the calyx. 50. A. RUSBYI. 43. Pods glabrous, the stipe usually shorter than the calyx. 51. A. EGGLESTONII. 41. Stipe of the pod none or much shorter than the calyx (44). 44. Pods very strongly arcuate, sometimes forming almost a complete circle, 30 to 50 mm. long___ 62. A. LAYNEAE. ee eee ee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 473 44. Pods straight to strongly arcuate but not forming more than a semicircle (except sometimes in A. palans), not more than 30 mm. long (45). 45. Keel noticeably produced at a right angle to the claws; stems decumbent to nearly prostrate; pods linear or linear-lanceolate in outline, straight or slightly falcate (46). 46. Prolongation of the keel obtuse, horizontal; leaflets silvery-strigose on both faces (rarely glabrate above), linear or lance-linear, 5 or more times as long as wide; keel nearly as long as the banner; pods shallow ly grooved dorsally....___________ 65. A. ARIZONICUS. 46. Prolongation of the keel sharply acuminate, often ascend- ing at apex; leaflets glabrous above, elliptic to obovate, less than 3 times as long as wide; keel much shorter than the banner; pods deeply grooved dorsally. 66. A. NOTHOXYS. 45. Keel not noticeably produced, rounded to acutish at apex; pods curved or falcate (47). 47. Pedicels recurved at or very soon after anthesis, the flowers nodding; plants perennial; leaflets glabrate above, sparsely strigose beneath: corolla not more than 8 mm. long; pods more or less falcate (48). 48. Racemes loosely few-flowered; corolla apparently purplish; pods more than 15 mm. long. 52. A. RECURVUDS. 48. Racemes densely many-flowered; corolla whitish; pods less than 15 mm. long______ 67. A. HARTWEGII. 47. Pedicels not recurved at anthesis but sometimes so in fruit (49). 49. Plant annual; corolla not more than 7 mm. long; pods not more than 3 mm. wide; fais strigose on both NEE ee 6 eee ee 68. ‘A. NUTTALLIANUS. 49. Plants perennial; corolla 10 mm. long or longer; pods 4 to5mm. w ide (50). 50. Leaflets glabrous on both faces or very sparsely strigose beneath; stems 15 cm. or longer; corolla 15 to 20 mm. long; walls of the pods papery. 54. A. PALANS. 50. Leaflets strigose on both faces; stems not more than 10 cm. long; corolla 12 mm. long; walls of the pods Corisregus = a. At*, 22 35 64. A. ENSIFORMIS. 30. Pods 1-celled, the lower suture sometimes introverted but the septum, if any, not extending halfway across the cavity (51). 51. Length of the pod more than 3 times the greatest diameter (52). 52. Pods 3- or 4-winged (with a wing in the center of each valve and on one or both of the sutures), strongly arcuate, the walls woody; plant glabrous or nearly so; leaflets narrowly linear. 21. A. TETRAPTERUS. 52. Pods not winged or strongly arcuate, the walls not woody but some- times coriaceous (53). 53. Stems prostrate or nearly so, very leafy; plant perennial; pods snore or less Taleate ses eo 24. A. HUMISTRATUS. 53. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent, if nearly prostrate, then the plant annual (54). 54. Plant a short-lived annual; corolla not more than 7 mm. long; pods faleate, not pendulous______ 68. A. NUTTALLIANUS. 54. Plant perennial; pods straight or nearly so (55). 55. Corolla usually less than 8 mm. long; pods pendulous, sessile or very nearly so; leaflets 7 to 15. 4. A: WINGATANUS. 55. Corolla 8 mm. long or longer (56). 56. Pods stipitate, barely soin A. kaibensis (57). 57. Leaflets elliptic to broadly obovate; pods not pendu- lous, indehiscent or nearly so, the walls subcoriace- ous; plant glabrous or very nearly so. 46. A. PREUSSII. 474 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 57. Leaflets narrowly linear or nearly filiform; pods pendu- lous (58). 58. Terminal leaflet not much longer than the others; pods flattened laterally_______ 6. A. coLTont. 58. Terminal leaflet much longer than the others, often appearing as a continuation of the rachis; pods not flattened laterally (59). 59. Stipe of the pod considerably surpassing the calyx; corolla 15 mm. long or longer. 22. A. LONCHOCARPUS. 59. Stipe of the pod much shorter than the calyx, stout; corolla 12 mm. long_ 23. A. KAIBENSIS. 56. Pods sessile or nearly so (60). 60. Leaflets 9 to 15, the terminal one not rachislike; stems not rushlike; inflorescence many-flowered, usually rather dense: pods erect or ascending, not more than 15 mm. long = eat 8. A. CONFERTIFLORUS. 60. Leaflets 3 to 9, the terminal one often appearing like a continuation of the rachis, or the upper leaves re- duced to a rachis; stems rushlike, slender, flexuous; inflorescence few-flowered, open; pods more or less pendulous, at least 18 mm. long (61). 61. Pods strigose, about 10 times as long as their great- est: diameter.) sta ae 5. A. JUNCIFORMIS. 61. Pods glabrous or glabrate, not more than 7 times as long as their greatest diameter (62). 62. Corolla 12. to 15 mm. long; pods 3 to 4 em. long, lance-oblong, acuminate at apex. 2. Hamosa scaposa Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 659. 1906. Apache County to eastern Mohave and northern Yavapai Counties, 3,500 to 6,500 feet, common on rocky slopes and mesas, often with juniper and pinyon, April and May, type from Mokiak Pass (Mohave County). Colorado to Nevada, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. The silvery-sericeous foliage and the purple and white flowers make this an attractive little plant. It is closely related to A. calycosus Torr. and perhaps only varietally distinct. Specimens from the Grand Canyon (Collom in 1940) with narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate leaflets and long and slender calyx teeth are indistinguishable from A. calycosus. 64. Astragalus ensiformis M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proce. ser. 2, DP IO0S! = LO9o: Hamosa ensiformis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 54: 21. 1927. Near Kayenta, Navajo County (Peebles and Fulton 11928), head of Grand Wash near Pagumpa Springs, Mohave County (Jones 5095ah, the type collection), about 5,000 feet, known only from the collections cited. 65. Astragalus arizonicus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. i= 398. 1868: Hamosa arizomca Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 54: 22. 1927. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Graham, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 feet and lower, common on plains and mesas, March to May, type from near Camp Grant, Graham County. New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora. The radiating, nearly prostrate stems, narrow, silvery-sericeous leaflets and dingy-purple flowers are characteristic. The species has been reported to cause loco disease, but apparently this has not been proved experimentally. 66. Astragalus nothoxys A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 6: 232. 1864. ; Hamosa nothoxys Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 54: 330. 1927. Hamosa gooddingu Rydb., ibid. p. 20. Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,600 to 6,000 feet, common on slopes and mesas, often with live oaks, March to May, type of H. gooddingi from the Huachuca FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 489 Mountains (Goodding 1299). Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. Sheep loco. Plant handsome in flower, sometimes covering the ground with its purplish-pink flowers that change to violet in drying. Easily distinguished from the related A. arizonicus by the less pros- trate stems, glabrous upper surface of the shorter and broader leaflets, and sharply acuminate beak of the keel. Experiments with sheep and cattle have proved this plant to be as toxic as A. diphysus, although it is reported to be eaten readily by deer. 67. Astragalus hartwegii Benth., Pl. Hartw. 10. 1839. Hamosa hartwegii Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 54: 333. 1927. Babocomari Creek, Cochise County (Lemmon 2638). Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 68. Astragalus nuttallianus DC., Prodr. 2: 289. 1825. Hamosa nuttalliana Rydb., Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 204. 1906. Almost throughout the State, 100 to 4,000 (rarely 7,000) feet, very common on dry plains, mesas, and slopes, February to May (occasion- ally late summer). Arkansas and Texas to California and northern Mexico. Arizona’s most common annual species, occurring in 2 almost equally abundant forms, one with smooth pods (Hamosa emoryana Rydb.) and the other with pubescent pods (var. trichocarpus Torr. and Gray, Hamosa austrina Small). In the form with smooth pods, these are occasionally 1-celled (Hamosa imperfecta Rydb.). 69. Astragalus hypoxylus S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. ‘Se 192, 1383: Hamosa hyporyla Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 54: 336. £276 Known certainly only from the type collection in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2656). Plant acaulescent, loosely cespitose, the leaflets small, obovate, obtuse, the inflorescence subcapitate. 70. Astragalus bigelovii A. Gray., Pl. Wright. 2: 42. 1853. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, dry slopes and mesas, April and May. Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. Very similar to A. mollissimus Torr., the very toxic purple or woolly loco, and reputed to cause loco disease, but the dried plants have been fed to cattle in large quantity without ill effect. 71. Astragalus thompsonae S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Eroé.10: 345: 18715; Apache County to Coconino County, 4,700 to 6,800 feet, usually in sandy soil, sometimes with yellow pine, May and June. Colorado, Utah, and northeastern Arizona. Very similar to A. bigelovit and often confused with it, but the geo- graphical distribution of the 2 species in Arizona is very different and the pods of A. thompsonae are normally 1-celled at the apex and 2- celled below, whereas in A. bigelovii they are 2-celled throughout. It should be noted, however, that a specimen from Turkey Tanks, Coco- > 490 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE nino County, far north of the range of A. bigelovii (MacDougal 439), has the pods 2-celled to the apex. *72. Astragalus matthewsii S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. [S:y 922 otSSa: Not known definitely to occur in Arizona, but the type was collected at Fort Wingate, New Mexico, about 30 miles east of the Arizona State line. Resembles the 2 preceding very hairy, acaulescent species, but the pubescence is more appressed. 73. Astragalus dispermus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 13: ES O00 SLO. Hesperastragalus dispermus Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 137. 1906. Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 2,500 feet, February to April, type from Wickenburg, Maricopa County. Southern Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. An inconspicuous plant, differentiated from all of Arizona’s other species by the hard and sharp transverse ridges of the small pods. 40. OXYTROPIS Plants perennial, herbaceous, acaulescent; leaves all basal, pinnate, the leaflets numerous; racemes spikelike, elongate or subcapitate; flowers white or purple, the keel with a prominent erect or ascending beak; pods indehiscent, ovate or oblong in outline, 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled. These plants resemble some of the acaulescent species of Astragalus. The genus is a very weak one. Key to the species 1. Leaflets fewer than 12, less than 1 ecm. long, obtuse or acutish; inflorescence subeapitate, not more than 2 cm. long, 3- to 8-flowered; peduncles not more than 10 em. long, ascending-spreading to (exceptionally) erect; corolla 10 to. (2mm along <8 2B See ae ae ee ee 1. O. OREOPHILA. 1. Leaflets more than 12, more than 1 em. long, very acute; inflorescence elongate, many-flowered; peduncles seldom less than 12 cm. long, erect; corolla 15 +0-20/imm.long,apurple or whitishs = >_- = == eee 2. O. LAMBERTI. 1. Oxytropis oreophila A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: de. 7 LSS84—o. Astragalus munzii L. C. Wheeler, Leaflets West. Bot. 2: 209. 1939. Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Mead 664, Goodding 2454, Goodman and Hitchcock 1626), about 8,000 feet, open meadows, July. Idaho to California, Utah, and northern Arizona. None of the Arizona specimens has fruit, but they seem to represent a rather luxuriant form of this species, which usually occurs at higher altitudes. 2. Oxytropis Jambertii Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 740. 1814. Oxytropis sericea Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: Doo. pala: Aragallus knowltoni Greene, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 18: 12. 1905. Apache County to Coconino County and in the Chiricahua Moun- tains (Cochise County), 5,000 to 7,500 feet, open sandy land and pine FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 49] forests, June to September. Western Canada, south to Texas and Arizona. White loco. Plantshowyin flower. The densely whitish pubescent var. sericea A. Gray (O. sericea Nutt.) intergrades completely with the greener, less-pubescent form. Like the latter, but with unusually broad leaflets, is Aragallus knowltoni, described from a collection on the San Francisco Peaks (Knowlton 44). O. lambertii is one of the most dangerous of the locoweeds, because it is eaten readily by horses, cattle, and sheep, especially when grass is scarce, and the effects are often fatal. It seems to be a pronouncedly habit-forming plant. 41. GLYCYRRHIZA. Luicoricr Plant perennial, herbaceous; roots stout; stems tall, erect, very leafy; leaves pinnate, the leaflets numerous, narrow; racemes many- flowered, dense, spikelike; corolla whitish; alternate anthers smaller; pods indehiscent, covered with hooked prickles. G. lepidota, which is a good soil binder but sometimes a bad weed on fertile soils, contains in its sweet roots practically as much crude glycyrrhizin as the imported licorice root of G. glabra L., which is used in the manufacture of tobacco, confections, and fire extinguisher com- pounds, as well as by druggists. 1. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 480. 1814. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 2,200 to 7,000 feet, common along the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, May to July. Ontario and New York to Washington, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 42. HEDYSARUM.? Swererrvetcs Plants perennial, herbaceous; stems erect, leafy; leaves pinnate, the leaflets numerous, finely punctate; flowers in axillary stalked racemes, rather large and showy, the corolla rose purple; fruit (loment) flat, several-jointed, deeply indented above and below between the seeds, the segments rounded, reticulate-veined. 1. Hedysarum boreale Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 110. 1818. Hedysarum mackenzui Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 257. 1900. Not of Richardson, 1823. Hedysarum pabulare A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 15: 185. 1902. Apache County to Coconino County, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, June. Saskatchewan and Alberta, south to Oklahoma, Nevada, and northern Arizona. The plants make excellent forage, but the species is too rare in Arizona to be important. 43. ALHAGI. CAMELTHORN An intricately branched, spiny, glabrous shrub; leaves small, re- duced to a single leaflet; flowers numerous, in panicles of racemes, the corolla purplish pink; fruit (loment) few-jointed, of 1 to 3 segments, these not separating at maturity. 72 Reference: ROLLINS, R. C. STUDIES IN THE GENUS HEDYSARUM IN NORTH AMERICA. Rhodora 42: 217-239. 1940. 492 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Hort. Gorenk. ed. 2, 72. 1812. Dinnehotso (Navajo County), along the Titel Colorado River in scattered colonies sometimes of considerable extent (Coconino County), near Gillespie Dam (western Maricopa County), along streams and canals, in fields, and on rocky hillsides, May. Introduced into the southwestern United States from Asia. Of great value asa browse plant in the desert regions of Asia, but a dangerous introduction, as it is extremely difficult to eradicate from cultivated fields, having deep and extensive rootstocks. In Persia and Afghanistan an exudate, similar to the drug manna that is obtained from Frarinus ornus L., is collected from the camelthorn. The identification of the Arizona specimens as A. camelorum is perhaps questionable. 44. NISSOLIA Plants with twining or trailing stems, often suffrutescent; leaves pinnate, the leaflets commonly 5; flowers few, axillary, in short racemes or fascicles, the corolla yellow; fruit (loment) few-jointed, sometimes reduced to a single segment, the terminal segment winged, samaralike. Key to the species 1. Stems prostrate or ascending; leaflets not more than 15 mm. long; calyx tube pubescent, longer than the triangular teeth; fruit turgid, commonly 2- or 3-seeded and deeply constricted between the seeds, straight, the terminal winglike segment smaller (often much smaller) than the others. 1, N. WISLIZENI. 1. Stems twining; leaflets up to 30 mm. long; calyx tube glabrous, equaling or shorter than the subulate teeth; fruit flat, commonly 1- or 2-seeded and searcely constricted between the seeds, somewhat falcate, the terminal wing much larger than the body of the fruit____________- 2. N. ScHOTTII. 1. Nissolia wislizeni A. Gray, Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 5: 25. 1861. Cochise County, about 5,000 feet, July and August. Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 2. Nissolia schottii (Torr.) A. Gray, Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 5: 26. 1861. Chaetocalyx schottii Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 56. 1859. Pima County, chiefly in the Rincon, Santa Catalina, Tucson, and Baboquivari Mountains, 2,500 to 4,000 feet, July and August. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 45. AESCHYNOMENE. SENSITIVE-JOINTVETCH Plant herbaceous and annual (in Arizona); stems tall, leafy, erect; leaves pinnate with many linear leaflets, these sensitive; flowers in short axillary racemes, the corolla yellow; fruit (loment) narrow, flat, of 3 or more segments, deeply indented between the seeds below but not above. 1. Aeschynomene americana L., Sp. Pl. 713. 1753. Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 3,500 feet (Goodding 408, Kearney and Peebles 14462), locally abundant, Septem- ber. Widely distributed in tropical America. The Arizona specimens are rather exceptional in their sparse pubes- \ FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 493 cence and few-jointed pods (segments 3 or 4). The roots are thickly beset with bacterial nodules. 46. STYLOSANTHES. PENcILFLOWER Perennial herbs; leaves digitately trifoliolate, with sheathing stip- ules, the leaflets conspicuously veined; flowers small, in interrupted terminal spikes with leaflike bracts, or some axillary, the corolla yellow; fruit (loment) of 2 segments, the terminal one reduced and infertile, dehiscent at apex, tipped by the persistent hooked style. *1. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S. P., Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 13. 1888. Trifolium biflorum L., Sp. Pl. 773. 1753. This species, of which the known range is from New York to Kansas, Florida, and Texas, is included in the Arizona flora on the basis of a specimen in the Gray Herbarium collected in “Arizona or New Mex- ico” (W. F. Parish 314) identified by M. L. Fernald as var. hispidis- sima (Michx.) Pollard and Ball. 47. ZORNIA Plants herbaceous, perennial; leaves 2-foliolate (in the Arizona species), the stipules sagittate; flowers in axillary and terminal spikes or some of them solitary in the axils; bracts very different from the foliage leaves, paired, connivent, nearly enclosing the flower; corolla orange yellow, the keel incurved; fruit (loment) flat, several-jointed. 1. Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 318. 1807. Hedysarum diphyllum L., Sp. Pl. 747. 1753. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas, August to October. Southern Arizona to Central America. A form collected at Nogales, also occasional in Mexico and Central America, has longer, much narrower, and longer-acuminate leaflets, less prominently veined and more acuminate bracts, and less copious pubescence than in the normal form of the species. 48. DESMODIUM.® TickcLoveR Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems erect to prostrate; leaves 3-foliolate or (in a few species) reduced to 1 leaflet; flowers in terminal or axillary racemes, these simple or compound, the corolla purplish pink or sometimes white; fruit (loment) flat, of several 1-seeded segments, these all alike, indehiscent or nearly so. The name beggarticks is also sometimes used for these plants, because the joints of the pods stick tightly to clothing and to the hair of animals. There seems to be little evidence that the plants are relished by livestock although, in view of the great abundance of some of the species in Arizona and the presumable absence of any poisonous or disagreeable constituent, they would seem likely to be important range plants. Perhaps the fact that most of the species grow where grasses are abundant and are at the height of their growth in late 73 Reference: SCHUBERT, BERNICE G. DESMODIUM: PRELIMINARY STUDIES. I, Contrib. Gray Herbarium. 129: 3-31. 1940. 494 MISC. PUBLICATIUN 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE summer when the grasses are at their best, accounts for this seeming neglect. Several of the Arizona tickclovers are recommended for erosion control. Key to the species 1. Leaves all 1-foliolate; plant perennial; segments of the fruit normally not contorted (2). 2. Flowering stems more or less woody near the base; leaflet very long and nar- row, not more than 5 mm. wide; fruit sessile__ 1. D. ANGuUsTIFOLIUM. 2. Flowering stems not woody; leaflet much shorter and broader, 12 to 28 mm. Wider ALUN Stypibaters «CFs erie ee ee Peres 2. D. wrRiguHrit. 1. Leaves 3-foliolate or, if some or all of them 1-foliolate, then the plant annual and the segments of the fruit normally somewhat contorted (8). 3. Bracts very conspicuous before anthesis, densely imbricate at the ends of the branches, mostly ovate and 8 to 10 mm. long, attenuate-acuminate; stems procumbent to nearly erect, usually densely pubescent, the hairs uncinate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate to broadly rhombic-ovate; fruit usually pubescent, the segments normally contorted, about 3 mm. long. _ 38. D. INTORTUM. 3. Bracts not very conspicuous or densely imbricate or, if so, then not more than 7 mm. long, or narrowly lanceolate or stibulate (4). 4, Fruit nearly or quite as deeply notched above as below, hence appearing moniliform (5). 5. Plant perennial; stems diffuse or procumbent; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate to ovate; fruit glabrous or puberulent, the segments 3 mm. long or shorter, normally not contorted. 4. D. RETINENS. 5. Plants annual (6). 6. Segments of the fruit orbicular to elliptic, not contorted, the margins flat or nearly so; leaves all much alike and trifoliolate (7). 7. Leaflets ovate, the larger ones 15 to 50 mm. wide; segments of the fruit at maturity 6 to 10 mm. long, sparsely pubescent, at least on thessufores oe ee eee 5. D. PsILocaRPum. 7. Leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, not more than 5 mm. wide; segments of the fruit at maturity less than 5 mm. long, glabrous or nearly sowie 4th } tape ies sia eee 62>) DeRose 6. Segments of the fruit rhombic or the terminal one triangular, pubescent at least on the sutures, the terminal 1 or 2 segments sometimes glabrous, all or some of them slightly to strongly contorted, the margins involute or revolute (8). 8. Terminal segment of the fruit triangular, not contorted, distinctly larger than the others, 7 to 8.5 mm. long; leaves all trifoliolate, the leaflets of much the same shape throughout the plant and longer Gian wa G6 = ee eee ee ee 7. D. scoPpuLoRuM. 8. Terminal segment much like the others in shape and contortion, if larger then not trianguiar, none of the segments more than 4 mm. long; leaves differentiated, the basal ones with leaflets mostly wider than long, often unifoliolate (9). 9. Fruit usually sessile or nearly so, the segments 3 to 5 (rarely only 2), moderately contorted; leaflets of the upper leaves lanceolate to ovate; bracts usually persistent; some or all of the upper leaves rarely unifoliolate. . 8. D. NEOMEXICANUM. 9. Fruit distinctly stipitate, the segments 2 or 3, strongly contorted (the 4 sides alternately involute and revolute on the margin) ; leaflets of the upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; bracts often early deciduous_________-_ 9. D. PROCUMBENS. 4, Fruit less deeply notched above than below, the segments normally not contorted; plants perennial, often with a woody caudex (10). 10. Stems diffuse or procumbent; leaves dark green above, pale or some- what glaucous beneath; bracts conspicuous before anthesis, 6 mm. long or shorter, imbricate, ovate or lance-ovate, attenuate-acumi- nate; pubescence uncinate (11). 11. Segments of the fruit 5 to 8 mm. long, very pubescent; leaflets ovate, often conspicuously reticulate beneath, the terminal one less than twice as long as wide; bracts ovate-lanceolate,.not closely im- DTICRGC ee A ee eee ree 10. D. GRAHAMI. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 495 11. Segments of the fruit not more than 4 mm. long, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, not conspicuously reticu- late, the terminal one seldom less than 3 times as long as wide; bracts ovate, closely imbricate-_______-__ 11. D. BATOCAULON. 10. Stems erect or ascending; leaves lighter green but not glaucous be- neath (12). 12. Bracts conspicuous before anthesis, imbricate, lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, 4 to 7 mm. long; leaves nearly sessile, the terminal leaflet lanceolate, 5 or more times as long as wide; fruit subsessile OF very short-stipitatecl* Ss 2s Ss 12. D. ARIZONICUM. 12. Bracts not conspicuous or noticeably imbricate, subulate or narrowly lanceolate; lower leaves with petioles 1.5 cm. long or longer; fruit rather long-stipitate (13). 13. Leaflets obtuse, the terminal one 2 to 3 times as long as wide, oblong, ovate, or obovate; hairs of the fruit not uncinate. 13. D. CINERASCENS. 13. Leaflets acute or acutish, the terminal one up to 5 times as long as wide, oblong-lanceolate; hairs of the fruit uncinate. 14. D. METCALFEI. 1. Desmodium angustifolium (H. B. K.) DC., Prodr. 2: 328. 1825. Hedysarum angustifoium H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6: 404. 1823. Meiboma angustifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Southwestern Cochise County, Patagonia Mountains and Sycamore Canyon near Ruby (Santa Cruz County), Santa Catalina and Babo- quivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 5,000 feet, dry rocky slopes with live oaks and grasses, September. Southern Arizona to northern South America. The Arizona form is var. gramineum (Gray) Schubert (D. gramineuwm Gray), the type of which was collected ‘‘on the Sonoita,’’ probably in southwestern Cochise County (Wright 1009), and which is limited to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. D. angustifolium is easily distinguished from all Arizona’s other species of Desmodium by the somewhat woody stems and long narrow grasslike unifoliolate leaves. 2. Desmodium wrightii A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.6: 177. 1850. Merbomia wrightii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. Sycamore Canyon near Ruby (Santa Cruz County), Santa Catalina and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 3,500 feet, August and September. Texas and southern Arizona, doubtless also in north- ern Mexico. 3. Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 8: 292. 1920. Hedysarum intortum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 11. 1768. Desmodium sonorae A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 47. 1853. Meibomia uncinata (Jaeq.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. The type of D. sonorae was collected ‘‘on the Sonoita,” probably in what is now Cochise County (Wright 1014). The species apparently has not been collected since in Arizona. It is widely distributed in tropical America. 4. Desmodium retinens Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 311. 18388. Meibomia retinens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. A specimen from the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Blumer 1188), was identified by A. K. Schindler as of this species, oaetd4s 42-35 496 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The Arizona form probably is D. wislizent Engelm. The species is known otherwise only from Mexico. 5. Desmodium psilocarpum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 48. 1853. Meibomia psilocarpa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. Near Nogales (Santa Cruz County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet, type from near Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright 1016). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 6. Desmodium rosei Schubert, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 129: 22. 1940. Desmodium neomexicanum of authors. Not of Gray. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, common on slopes and mesas, often in grassland, August and September. New Mexico, Arizona, and north- ern Mexico. 7. Desmodium scopulorum S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 2A: 47.. 1889. Meibomia scopulorum Rose and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium: 16: 2122-1913. Desmodium wigginsi Schubert, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 129: 25. 1940. Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County (Jones 24903, 24904 part), September. Southern Arizona and northern Sonora. 8. Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 53. 1852. Desmodium bigelovii A. Gray, ibid. 2: 47. 1853. Meibomia parva Schindler, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 20: 1535 1924. Yavapai, Gila, and Greenlee Counties, to Cochise, Santa Cruz, ~ and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, grassy slopes and mesas, very common, August and September, type of Desmodium bigelovii from along the San Pedro River, Cochise County (Wright 1012), type of Meibomia parva from Paradise, Cochise County (Blumer 1675). Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico; South America. A form collected in Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Kearney and Peebles 14466), has some of the upper leaves, as well as the basal ones, unifoliolate. It resembles the type of Desmo- dium annuum Gray, collected ‘‘on the Sonoita,” probably in south- western Cochise County (Wright 1009a), except that the latter has all of the leaves unifoliolate. 9. Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) A. S. Hitchce., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 4: 76. 1893. Hedysarum procumbens Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 10. 1768. Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, not common, August and September. Southern Arizona to South America. The Arizona form is var. eriguum (A. Gray) Schubert (D. exiguum A. Gray), the type of which was collected ‘‘in mountain ravines on the Sonoita” (Wright 1010), probably in southwestern Cochise County. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 497 10. Desmodium grahami A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 48. 1853. Meibomia grahami Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 8,000 feet, often in pine woods, August and September. Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 11. Desmodium batocaulon A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 47. 1853. Meibomia batocaulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Graham, Cochise,-Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, common, often in pine woods, June to September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. 12. Desmodium arizonicum S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 202500. 18a. Meibomia arizonica Vail, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 19: 117. 1892. Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, frequent, especially in dry pine woods, July to September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. 13. Desmodium cinerascens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 48. 1853. Meibomia cinerascens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Meibomia canbyi Schindler, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 20: 155. 1924. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, frequent on dry sunny slopes, August and September, type of Mezbo- mia canbyi from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1881). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The numerous stems, hard and almost woody toward the base, often form large clumps and reach a height of 1.5 m. (5 feet). 14. Desmodium metcalfei (Rose and Painter) Kearney and Peebles, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29: 485. 1939. Meibomia metcalfer Rose and Painter, Bot. Gaz. 40: 144. 1905. A collection at Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Eggleston 11027), was identified by A. K. Schindler as of this species, otherwise known only from southwestern New Mexico. 49. VICIA. VetcH Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; stems leafy, weak, climbing or trailing; leaves pinnate, ending in a tendril; flowers axillary, solitary or in racemes; stamens all, or 9 of them, united below; pods narrow, flat, 2-valved, dehiscent. Most of the vetches are excellent forage plants, and several Old World forms are much cultivated in the United States for green manure and hay, also as cover crops in orchards. The native species do not withstand close grazing. Key to the species 1. Flowers mostly in 2’s in the upper axils; peduncle almost none; pedicels not more than 3 mm. long; calyx teeth somewhat shorter to somewhat longer than the tube, setaceous-acuminate; corolla 10 to 20 mm. long, deep rose purple; leaflets mostly oblong-oblanceolate, truncate or emarginate, mucronate or CA ee oe eet ce ay Se Oe. ee ee ee a 1. -V. SATIVA. 498 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Flowers in peduncled racemes or, if solitary, then the peduncle well developed and the corolla less than 10 mm. long; calyx teeth much shorter than the tube, except sometimes in V. lewcophaea (2). 2. Corolla 15 to 25 mm. long, purple; plant glabrous or sparsely (rarely copi- ously) pubescent; leaflets mucronate or cuspidate; racemes 2- to several- HO were ie wis LA a TA Ee SEE ne Ae, ER RR eee 2. V. AMERICANA. 2. Corolla less than 10 mm. long (8). 3. Peduncle bearing several (usually 10 or more) flowers; corolla 5 to 7 mm. long, cream white, often with the banner purple-veined and the keel PUTple-tipped:s la SSR sie Neer ee ee 3. V. PULCHELLA. 3. Peduncle bearing 1 or 2 flowers (4). 4. Stems, leaves, and calyx sparsely to copiously villous; pods sericeous; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long, whitish, the veins of the banner and the tip oftherkeel-purpletia a! st ars eee se eee ee 4. V. LEUCOPHAEA. 4. Stems, leaves, and calyx sparsely pubescent with mostly appressed hairs or glabrate; pods glabrous; corolla commonly less than 8 mm. long’ usually pale biue‘or pulplisie see ae ee eee 5 Ve BXIGUA- 1. Vicia sativa L., Sp. Pl. 736. 1753. An occasional escape from cultivation, as at Sacaton (Pinal County), but apparently not established anywhere in Arizona. Common in the eastern United States; naturalized from Europe. 2. Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. 1803. Vicia perangusta Greene, Leaflets 2: 267. 1912. Vicia hypolasia Greene, ibid. p. 268. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 10,000 feet, common, especially in pine forests, May to September, type of V. perangusta from the Tusayan (now the Kaibab) National Forest (Read in 1912), typeof V. hypolasia from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer 1348). Canada to Virginia, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Flowers large and handsome for the genus. A polymorphic species, several forms’ of which have been segregated as species. About equally common in Arizona are (1) the typical form of the species, with relatively thin and broad leaflets, these 4 to 10 mm. wide, rounded to acutish at apex; and (2) var. linearis (Nutt.) Wats., with usually rather thick and prominently veined leaflets 1 to 4 mm. wide. The var. truncata (Nutt.) Brewer, with relatively thin and broad leaflets that are truncate and often emarginate and denticulate at apex, is less common but not rare, apparently confined to the northern and central parts of the State. All of these forms intergrade freely. 3. Vicia pulchella H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6: 499. 1824. Vicia melilotoides Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 141. 1913. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima. Counties, 6,000 to 8,500 feet, frequent in pine forests, July to Septem- ber. Western Texas to Arizona and throughout Mexico. The stems often are so thickly matted as to be subject to mildew. 4, Vicia leucophaea Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 217. 1881. Southern Apache County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 8,000 feet, pine forests, July to September. Western New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 49° 5. Vicia exigua Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 272. 1838. Mohave County to Greenlee, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, Pima (and probably Yuma) Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, common among bushes on slopes and in canyons, March to May. Western Texas to Oregon and California. 50. LATHYRUS. PEAvINE Plants perennial, herbaceous; stems erect or weakly climbing; leaves pinnate, commonly ending in a tendril, the leaflets usually fewer, larger, thicker, and more prominently veined than in Vicia; stipules large and conspicuous; flowers large and showy, commonly in axillary racemes, the corolla purple to nearly white; pods much as in Vicia. : The best-known member of this genus is the sweet pea (L. odoratus), a native of Sicily. The native species of Arizona bear a general resem- blance to this favorite of gardens. Apparently the plants are less palatable to livestock than are the vetches. Key to the species 1. Tendrils none or very rudimentary; corolla white or whitish, 10 to 15 mm. long; stems erect or nearly so; leaflets usually 4, linear, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 20 times as long as wide. . L. ARIZONICUS. 1. Tendrils well developed; corolla normally purple or purplish pink (2). 2. Flowers commonly more than 2 cm. long; stems usually erect; tendrils com- monly simple; stipules usually erect or ascending; leaflets thickish, veiny, elliptic or lanceolate (exceptionally linear-lanceolate), 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 8 times as long as wide_____________ 2. L.°EUCOSMUs. 2. Flowers less than 2 ecm. long; stems more or less climbing; tendrils simnle or forked; stipules usually spreading or reflexed (3). 3. Leaflets narrowly linear to almost filiform, 3 to 10 em. long, seldom more than 5 mm. wide, 9 or more times as long as wide; tendrils often sim- Ice tts iY ere eeris Aber Oe ten 28 3. L. GRAMINIFOLIUS. 3. Leaflets oval, rhombic-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long, 6 to 20 mm. wide, 2 to 6 times as long as wide; tendrils commonly LETS C27 ask ORS so Bn SP OUR oe ee Pe 4. lL. PARVIFOLIUS, 1. Lathyrus arizonicus Britton, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 8: 65. 1889. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Graham and Pima Counties, 6,500 to 11,000 feet, chiefly in coniferous forests, May to October, type from the Mogollon Escarpment, Coconino County (Mearns 57). Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. 2. Lathyrus eucosmus Butters and St. John, Rhodora 19: 160. 1917. Lathyrus decaphyllus of authors. Probably not Pursh, 1814. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, often in open dry woods of pinyon and of yellow pine, May to August. Nebraska to Utah, New Mexico, and northern Arizona, A handsome plant, with larger and showier flowers than in any other of the Arizona species. Its habit of spreading by horizontal root- stocks makes it a useful soil binder. 500 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Lathyrus graminifolius (S. Wats.) White, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 21: 454. 1894. Lathyrus palustris Li. var. graminifolius S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 23: 263. 1888. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,500 feet, common, chiefly in pine for- ests, May to September. Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, doubtless also in northern Mexico. 4, Lathyrus parvifolius S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 345. 1882. Lathyrus shaffnert Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 258. 1882. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Graham and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, frequent in oak chaparral and pine forests, June to August. Southern Utah and Arizona to California and southern Mexico. 51. CLITORIA. BurtTERFLY-PEA Plant herbaceous, perennial, glabrous or nearly so; stems usually erect or ascending; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, the leaflets large, ovate- lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the stipules and stipels subulate, persistent; flowers axillary, mostly solitary, sometimes 2 or 3 in a cluster, 5 to 6 cm. long; calyx tubular, 5-toothed; corolla with an erect banner much larger than the other petals; pods narrowly oblong, several-seeded. 1. Clitoria mariana L., Sp. Pl. 753. 1753. Sierra Ancha (Gila County) and mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, from the Chiricahua to the Baboquivari Moun- tains, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, rich soil among live oaks and junipers, July and August. New Jersey to Florida and Texas, also southern Arizona. This handsome plant is outstanding among the Leguminosae of Arizona in the very large size of its lilac-colored corolla. It is also remarkable as an example of interrupted distribution, being appar- ently absent in the area between central Texas and southeastern Arizona. It is infrequent in Arizona except in the Chiricahua Mountains and in Santa Cruz County, where it is reported to be locally abundant. 52. COLOGANIA Plants perennial, herbaceous; stems trailing to nearly erect, scarcely twining; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or occasionally 5-foliolate; flowers axillary, nearly sessile, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3; calyx tubular, 4-toothed; corolla reddish purple; pods flat, narrowly oblong, several-seeded. Plants rather insignificant except for the fairly large, richly colored flowers, : : FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 501 Key to the species 1. Pubescence of the herbage and pods conspicuously shaggy-villous, that of the pods tawny; petioles very short; leaflets 3, broadly obovate, the terminal one 18 to 35 mm. wide; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm. long________~_ 1. C. LEMMONI. 1. Pubescence of the herbage and pods appressed or subappressed, grayish; peti- oles elongate; leafiets 3 to 5, linear, linear-lanceolate, narrowly oblong, or ellip- tic, the terminal one not more (commonly much less) than 10 mm. wide, up to 15 em. long; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long_-_____~_~- 2. (C. LONGIFOLIA, 1. Cologania lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 74. 1883. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Rincon Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 7,300 feet, openings in pine for- ests, August, type from the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon 2681). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 2. Cologania longifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 53. 1853. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 9,000 feet, rich soil of coniferous forests, July and August. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. A very variable complex, possibly separable into more than one species. The genus needs revision. 53. ERYTHRINA. CoRALTREE Plant shrubby or arborescent, with prickly stems and _ petioles; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, with large fan-shaped leaflets; flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, large and showy; corolla bright red, the banner petal much longer than the others, about 5 cm. long, strongly keeled; stamens partly exserted; pods large, thick-walled, torulose; seeds several, large, normally bright red. 1. Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 14: 32. 1894. Mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, fairly common on dry rocky slopes, spring and sometimes late summer. Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Mexico. This plant, known as western coralbean, Indian-bean, and chilicote, reaches a height of 4.5m. (15 feet) and a trunk diameter of 25 em. (10 inches), but is usually much smaller. The wood is brittle, the bark light brown with longitudinal white lines. The flamelike flowers appear mainly in spring before the leaves appear. The plant has been cultivated locally but scarcely can be recommended as an orna- mental on account of its sensitiveness to frost and the long period when it is leafless. The plant is said to be browsed, but the attractive scarlet seeds contain poisonous alkaloids. In Mexico necklaces are made of them. 54. GALACTIA Perennial, herbaceous or sometimes slightly suffrutescent; stems long, commonly twining; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, the stipules small, fugacious, the leaflets with stipels, elliptic, oblong, or oblong- lanceolate; flowers in axillary, peduncled, bracted racemes; calyx 4- 502 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. BEPT. OF AGRICULTURE cleft; corolla pale purple and greenish yellow, the wings and keel united below; pods linear, several-seeded. The plants are of some value as forage but do not withstand heavy grazing. They make an excellent ground cover. 1. Galactia wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 44. 1852. Graham, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, common on dry slopes, often in oak chaparral, July to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The var. mollissima Kearney and Peebles, with herbage densely soft-villous (hairs more spreading than in the typical form), has been collected in the Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), at Fish Creek (Maricopa County), in the Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), and in the Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County). An unidentified species, possibly undescribed, was collected near Nogales, Santa Cruz County (Harrison and Peebles 4748). It is distinguished from G. wrightit by sparse strigose pubescence, short broadly elliptic leaflets, these rounded or retuse at apex, and racemes scarcely surpassing the subtending leaf. 55. RHYNCHOSIA. RosaryBean Perennial herbs with trailing or weakly twining stems; leaves. pin. nately 3-foliolate, without stipels; flowers small, in axillary few- flowered racemes or fascicles; corolla yellow, the keel more or less faleate; pods flat, more or less asymmetric, completely dehiscent; seeds 1 or 2. The plants afford excellent ground cover and may be useful for erosion control. Key to the species 1. Stems retrorsely puberulent; leaflets normally more than twice as long as wide, linear or narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate (exceptionally ovate), the veins often very prominent beneath; pods puberulent or _ short-pilose, asymmetrically oblanceolate and slightly lunate_----___-_ 1. R. TEXANA. 1. Stems short-hirsute and slightly viscid; leaflets normally less than twice as long as wide, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate, the veins not very prominent beneath; pods short-pilose and sparsely hirsute, scarcely) asymmetric; elliptic. 20) 59s. -2a oe ae 2. R. RARIFLORA. 1. Rhynchosia texana Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 687. 1840. Dolicholus texanus Vail, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 108. 1899. Greenlee County to southern Yavapai County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, fairly common on dry plains and mesas, May to August. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. An unusual form, with twining stems and exceptionally large thin leaflets, was collected in the foothills of the Rincon Mountains, Pima County (Kearney and Peebles 8752). 2. Rhynchosia rariflora Standl., Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. i 264." 9372 Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 3,600 feet (Goodding 1738, 1739, Kearney and Peebles 14458), September and October. Southern Arizona and Chihuahua. A considerable extension of range, the type (and only previously known collection) from southwestern Chihuahua. The corolla of the pe specimens is somewhat smaller than in the type, about 8 mm. ong. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 503 56. PHASEOLUS.* Beran Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial, often with very large roots; stems usually long and trailing or weakly twining; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, with stipels; flowers axillary, mostly in racemes; corolla purplish pink to deep purple, or brick red, the keel strongly curled or spirally coiled; pods flat, linear to broadly ovate or obovate in out- line, completely dehiscent; seeds rounded, rather large. Several exotic species are widely cultivated for human food, notably the common or string bean (P. vulgaris) and the lima bean (P. lunatus). The scarlet-runner (P. multiflorus) is often grown as an ornamental climbing plant. All of the native beans improve the soil, make a good ground cover, and provide excellent forage for livestock. The form of P. acutifolius known as tepary bean is grown to such an extent by the Papago Indians that they have been nicknamed ‘“‘bean people,”’ and it also is planted by white farmers in the Southwest both for the beans and for increasing the fertility of the soil. P. metcalfei produced abundant forage in an experimental planting in New Mexico. The beans of this and probably other species were eaten by the Apache Indians. ‘ Key to the species 1. Flowering stems from a deep-seated, globose tuber, erect or slightly twining, seldom more than 30 cm. long; calyx not subtended by bractlets (bracts present at base of the pedicel only); leaflets Janceolate, entire, less than 1 em. wide; peduncles 1- or 2-flowered; corolla purple, 15 to 20 mm. long; “Ee SB Ue RO PS ee et re a a ee 1. P. PARVULUS. 1. Flowering stems not from a globose tuber, trailing or twining, usually more than 30 cm. long; calyx subtended by a pair of bractlets, these often deciduous long before anthesis (2). 2. Plant annual, the root not thickened; stems, leaves, and pods sparsely short- pilose, puberulent, or glabrate; leaflets linear and nearly entire to triangular-lanceolate or ovate and very shallowly subhastately lobed on one or both sides; corolla pale purple or purplish pink; pods 3 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, somewhat abruptly slender-tipped. . P. ACUTIFOLIUS. 2. Plants perennial, with a thick, more or less woody, elongate root (3). 3. Pods linear, less than 5 mm. wide (4). 4. Pubescence soft, often very dense, the hairs mostly appressed; leaflets nearly entire to deeply lobed; corolla deep purple, 15 to 20 mm. long; pods usually spreading, 6 to 10 em. long, 3 to 4.5 mm. wide, gradu- alte Tong-aeumingie.-. se oe ee 3. P. ATROPURPUREUS. 4. Pubescence villous or subhirsute, the hairs spreading or retrorse; corolla brick-red, drying purplish, not more than 15 mm. long; pods reflexed, not more than 3 em. long and 3 mm. wide. 4. P. HETEROPHYLLUS. 3. Pods broader than linear, commonly more than 5 mm. wide; stems and petioles puberulent, short-pilose, or glabrate; corolla pink or purple (5). 5. Leaflets broadly rounded-ovate, entire or very nearly so, the veins reticulate and somewhat prominent beneath; corolla deep rose purple; seeds smooth or nearly so (6). 6. Pods 7 to 10 mm. wide, short-stipitate; bractlets 1 mm. long or CURVE gh oe 2) See 3 ete oe es ne 5. P. RITENSIS. 6. Pods 12 to 18 mm. wide, sessile or nearly so; bractlets 1.5 mm. long op T ey tal 2k ion ce Nea ee aa gee a Soe i ee i Sea 6. P. METCALFEI. 5. Leaflets linear to triangular-ovate or, if broader, then deeply lobed, the veins not noticeably reticulate and prominent beneath; corolla purplish pink; seeds irregularly rugose; pods not more (usually less) than 8 mm. wide, commonly broadest above the middle (7). 7 Reference: PIPER, C. V. STUDIES IN AMERICAN PHASEOLINEAE. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 22: 663-701. 1926. 504 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. Leaflets broadly deltoid, usually distinctly and often deeply 3-lobed, the lobes often irregularly cleft_____________-_ 1. P. wRiéutm 7. Leaflets lanceolate to triangular-ovate, entire or merely subhastate. P. ANGUSTISSIMUS. 1. Phaseolus parvulus Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 217. 1881. Alepidocalyx parvulus Piper, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 22: 672. 1926. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina and Rincon Mountains (Pima County), 7,500 to 8,000 feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, August and September. Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona. 2. Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 48. 1852. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, August and September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. The broad-leaved form, var. latifolius Freeman, cultivated under the name tepary bean, is believed by Vavilov to have originated in southern Mexico or Central America. It is very drought resistant. The common wild form in Arizona, with much narrower leaflets, is var. tenuifolius Gray (P. tenuifolius Woot. and Standl.). 3. Phaseolus atropurpureus DC., Prodr. 2: 395. 1825. Fresnal Canyon, Baboquivari ae (Pima County), 4,000 (?) feet (Gilman B166, Peebles 8802), August and September. Southern Arizona to Central America. The Arizona specimens are exceptionally thin-leaved and only moderately sericeous. The long stems clamber over bushes. 4, Phaseolus heterophyllus Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 753. 1809. Phaseolus macropoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 33. 1853. Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 6,700 feet, fairly common on dry plains and mesas, often with grasses, August to October. Western Texas to Arizona, south to Central America. Distinguished from all the other Arizona species by the brick-red color of the fresh flowers. The more or less typical form (P. macropot- des) has the leaflets oblong to rhombic-ovate and commonly lobed, and the pods usually short-pilose. In var. rotundifolius (A. Gray) Piper (P. rotundifolius A. Gray), which has about the same distribu- tion in Arizona as the other form, the leaflets are nearly orbicular and mostly entire, and the pods are ‘commonly villous. The type of P. rotundifolius was collected west of the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Wright 954). 5. Phaseolus ritensis M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 12: 14. 1908. White Mountains (Apache County), mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 6,000 feet, common among live oaks and at the lower limit of the pine belt, July to September, type from the Santa Rita Mountains (Jones in 1903). Southern Arizona and Mexico, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 5305 6. Phaseolus metcalfei Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 140. 1913. Phaseolus retusus Benth., Pl. Hartw. 11. 1839. Not of Moench, 1794. - East Fork of the White River (Navajo? County), Pine (Gila County), Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), July and August. South- western New Mexico and Arizona. Perhaps only a variety of P. ritensis. 7. Phaseolus wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 43. 1852. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 8,000 feet, common on rocky slopes, flowering almost throughout the year. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The Arizona form is var. grayanus (Woot. and Standl.) Kearney and Peebles (P. grayanus Woot. and Standl.), with usually larger leaflets, longer peduncles, and more persistently pubescent pods than in typical P. wrightii, but intergrading with the latter. 8. Phaseolus angustissimus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 33. 1853. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 7,000 feet, common on mesas, mostly among trees and shrubs, June to September. New Mexico and Arizona. The typical form has linear-lanceolate leaflets, these entire or merely angulate at base. More common in Arizona is var. latus M. E. Jones (P. dilatatus Woot. and Standl.) with oblong-lanceolate leaflets, these subhastately lobed at base. The type of var. latus, which intergrades completely with the typical form, was collected along the Little Colorado River near Winslow, Navajo County (Jones in 1890). 55. GERANIACEAE. GERANIUM FAMILY Plants herbaceous; leaves opposite, with stipules; flowers perfect, regular, in cymose or umbellike clusters; sepals and petals 5, the sepals persistent, the petals whitish to rose purple, deciduous; stamens 10, all or only 5 of them fertile, the filaments separate or united toward the base; pistil compound, the 5 carpels at first united to the central column, separating at maturity, long-beaked by the persistent styles. Key to the genera 1. Carpels with thick, not spindle-shaped bodies, the tails (persistent styles) not bearded within, becoming recoiled, thus bringing the carpels toward the apex of the column, but not spirally twisted; stamens 10, all anther-bearing. 1. GERANIUM. 1. Carpels with slender, spindle-shaped bodies sharp-pointed at base, the tails bearded within, becoming spirally twisted, not bringing the carpels upward; anther-bearing stamens 5, the alternate filaments scalelike or obsolete. 2. ERopIUM. 1. GERANIUM. CRANESBILL Leaves palmately lobed or parted; stamens all fertile, 5 of the fila- ments usually longer than the others; styles persistent, becoming re- coiled in fruit. The plants are reported to afford fairly good forage for sheep. The rootstock of G. maculatum L. of the eastern United States is used 506 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE medicinally as an_astringent and the Arizona species may have the same property. These plants grow in rich soil, mostly in coniferous forests. Key to the species 1. Plant annual or biennial, without a thick caudex, the taproot slender; petals not, or scarcely, surpassing the sepals, pale pink; plant pilose, usually glandular-pubescent in the inflorescence; leaf blades 5-parted, the divisions cleft into linear or narrowly oblong lobes______ 1. G. CAROLINIANUM. 1. Plant perennial, with a thick caudex, the taproot stout, woody; petals surpassing the sepals, usually considerably (2). 2. Tips of the sepals 2 to 3 mm. long; lobes and teeth of the leaf blades acute or acuminate; stems usually slender, with subappressed, mostly retrorse hairs; leaf blades sparsely strigose or glabrate; pedicels with or without glandular pubescence; petals more than 10 mm. long, spreading (3). 3. Petals white, usually with conspicuous dark veins; stems commonly sparsely -pubescentie 2) 545 eae” ae ae pe 2. G. RICHARDSONII. 3. Petals purplish pink; stems rather copiously pubescent. 3. G. EREMOPHILUM. 2. Tips of the sepals not more, usually less, than 2 mm. long; lobes and teeth of the leaf blades obtuse or acutish (4). 4. Petals white or whitish, not more than 10 mm. long; stems and petioles hirsute with spreading or retrorse hairs; pedicels glandular-pubescent; sepalsisparsely. birsuije: = 252s a es pees ee 4. G. WISLIZENI. 4. Petals normally purplish pink to rose purple, commonly more than 10 mm. long (5). 5. Stems densely and conspicuously villous-viscid with long, spreading hairs; petals spreading, sometimes white _______ 5. G. PARRYI. 5. Stems not conspicuously long-villous, the nonglandular hairs mostly short and retrorse or subappressed, the glandular hairs, if any, short and spreading; petals reflexed, pink to deep rose purple. 6. G. ATROPURPUREUM. 1. Geranium carolinianum L., Sp. Pl. 682. 1753. Mazatzal and Pinal Mountains (Gila County), about 3,500 feet, April. Canada to northern Mexico, widely distributed in the United States. This is the only Arizona species that is not forest inhabiting. 2. Geranium richardsonii Fisch. and Trautv., Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. ies ia ret 1 A Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 7,500 to 11,500 feet, common, April to October. South Dakota to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. 3. Geranium eremophilum Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 142. 1913. White Mountains (Apache or Navajo County), to Cochise and Pima Counties, 7,000 (?) to 9,200 feet, July to October. Southwestern New Mexico and eastern Arizona. Closely related to G. richardsoni. 4. Geranium wislizeni S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 21: 421. 1886. Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Syca- more Canyon near Ruby (Santa Cruz County), 3,600 to 6,000 feet, August to September. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 507 5. Geranium parryi (Engelm.) Heller, Cat. North Amer. Pl. ed. 2, 7. 1900. Geranium fremontit Torr. var. parryi Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sei, ser. 2,°33: 405. 1862. Kaibab Plateau and San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), 7,000 to 8,500 feet, June. Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and northern Arizona. It is doubtful whether this form is specifically distinct from G. fre- monti Torr. 6. Geranium atropurpureum Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 195. 1898. Apache County to Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,800 feet, very common in yel- low pine forest, June to September. Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. A form with glandular pubescence, at least on the pedicels, var. furcatum (Hanks) Kearney and Peebles (G. furcatum Hanks), is about as common in Arizona as the typical nonglandular form, with which it sometimes grows. 2. ERODIUM. HERONBILL Plants annual; leaves palmately lobed or pinnate; stamens 5 or, if 10, then the alternate ones rudimentary; bodies of the carpels spindle- shaped, sharp-pointed at base, the persistent styles pubescent on the inner face, becoming spirally twisted at maturity. Both of the Arizona species are excellent spring forage plants but alfileria or ‘‘fileree”’ (47. cicutarium) is especially important because of its great abundance. It is believed that alfileria was introduced into the Southwest at an early date by the Spaniards. The plants usually survive only a few weeks in the more arid desert regions, but livestock continue to feed on the dried stems. The corkscrewlike “‘tails”’ of the fruits are tightly twisted when dry but uncoil when moist, and as a result the sharp-pointed fruits penetrate the soil as if driven by an auger, as happens also with the fruits of Stipa and other grasses, and with those of mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus). Key to the species 1. Leaf blades nearly to quite as wide as long, palmately lobed to almost divided, often cordate at base; herbage canescent with short appressed hairs; sepal tips not appendaged; petals commonly more than 6 mm. long. 1. EK. TEXANUM. 1. Leaf blades much longer than wide, pinnate, the leaflets pinnatifid and their segments often cleft; herbage sparsely glandular-villous; sepal tips with 1 or 2 white bristlelike appendages; petals not more, commonly less than US ELECTOR Vas Sane Se Sa? Eee ee ae pe ne 2. E. CICUTARIUM. 1. Erodium texanum A. Gray, Genera Fl. Amer. 2: 130. 1849. Gila, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 2,600 feet, common on plains and mesas, February and March. Texas to southeastern Cali- fornia. 508 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Erodium cicutarium (L.) 1’ Her. ex Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 414. 1789. Geranium cicutarium L., Sp. Pl. 680. 1753. Throughout the State, up to 6,700 feet, common and often very abundant on plains and mesas, February and March. Extensively naturalized in the United States, from Europe. 56. OXALIDACEAE. WoopsorreEL FAMILY 1. OXALIS. WoopsorrRen Plants herbaceous, mostly perennial with creeping rootstocks or bulbs, caulescent or acaulescent, the sap acid; leaves digitately com- pound, the leaflets 3 or more, cuneate; flowers perfect, regular; sepals 5; petals 5, yellow or purplish pink; stamens 10, the filaments united at base, 5 of them longer than the others; fruit a dehiscent 5-celled capsule. Key to the species 1. Petals yellow; plants caulescent; bulb none; sepals not bearing callosities; capsules pubescent; leaflets 3: Section Xanthoxalis (2). 2. Stems decumbent to erect (3). 3. Hairs of the stems, petioles, and pedicels spreading or retrorse; stems conspicuously pilose or villous; capsules little shorter to longer Ghan, thespeGgicclssa =< eis yea cae sae ek ee jhe OES. 3. Hairs mostly appressed or subappressed-ascending; stems not conspicuously pubescent; capsules commonly shorter than the pedicels; leafiets ciliate, glabrous or nearly so above, usually sparsely strigose beneath. O. STRICTA. 2. Stems prostrate, creeping (4). 4. Rootstocks and taproot rather thick, more or less woody; leaflets sparsely to copiously strigose, often on both faces_________ 3. O. ALBICANS. 4. Rootstocks and taproot slender, not woody; leaflets nearly glabrous or sparsely StrigOs@= 27.55 oak, By oaks 1 2 eeteegs ee ae 4. QO. REPENS. 1. Petals purplish pink, often drying violet; plants acaulescent, from a scalv bulb; sepals bearing apical callosities; capsules glabrous; flowers heterogonous: Section Jonoxalis (5). 5. Leaflets 4 or more, longer than wide, broadly to narrowly wedge-shaped, entire or notched; longer filaments not appendaged, or with the appendage completely adnate to the filament; outer bulb scales several-nerved. 5. O. GRAYT. 5. Leaflets 3, wider than long, obreniform or V-shaped, the notch very broad; longer filaments appendaged, the appendage usually with a free tip (6). 6. Outer bulb scales norma!'ly 3-nerved; leaf blades 1 to 3 em. wide, with broadly ovate lobes usually as wide as or wider than long; scapes mostly 10 to 20 cm. long; eallosities of the sepals 0.3 to 0.5 mm. long, seldomulomeeray at 2 shan 72 hyes spent ene Ye Sapa ihe 6. O. METCALFEI. 6. Outer bulb scales normally with more than 3 nerves; leaf blades 2.5 to 5 cm. wide, with oblong-ovate lobes usually longer than wide; scapes 15 to 35 mm. long; callosities of the sepals 0.5 to 0.8 mm. long. 7. ©. AMPLIFOLIA. 1. Oxalis pilosa Nutt. ex. Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 212. 1838. Xanthoralis pilosa Small, North Amer. Fl. 25: 54. 1907. Ashdale, Maricopa County (Peebles 11627), 3,500 feet, May. Southern Arizona, California, and Sonora. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 509 2. Oxalis stricta L., Sp. Pl. 435. 1753. Aanthoxalis stricta Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 667. 1903. Coconino, Yavapai, Graham, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,000 feet, usually along streams, April to June. Throughout much of North America. 3. Oxalis albicans H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 5: 244. 1822. Oralis wrightit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 27. 1852. Xanthoralis wrightii Abrams, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 34: 264. 1907. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 5,500 feet, common, preferring moist ground and partial shade, March to September. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 4. Oxalis repens Thunb., Diss. Oxal. 16. 1781. Oxalis corniculata of authors, in part. Not L. Tempe, Maricopa County, common in lawns (McLellan and Stitt 1360). Extensively naturalized in the United States, from the Old World. 5. Oxalis grayi (Rose) Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berlin fe tats? O8S- Tonozxalis grayi Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 10: 112. 1906. Apache, Coconino, Yavapai (and Santa Cruz?) Counties, 5,000 to 9,500 feet, mostly in pine woods, July and August. New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. A form occurring in the Patagonia Mountains (Peebles et al. 5599) is referred here doubtfully. It has exceptionally large leaves, the sepals bear a light-brown apical gland in addition to the ordinary callosities, and the filaments are appendaged on the back. 6. Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berlin 7: 314. 1919. Tonozalis metcalfei Small, North Amer. Fl. 25: 39. 1907. Greenlee County to Yavapai County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 9,000 feet, common in rich soil of coniferous forests, July to September. New Mexico and Arizona. Very close to O. violacea L., but the leaflets are more deeply ob- cordate and the bulb scales less distinctly and prominently 3-nerved than in most specimens of O. violacea from the eastern United States. 7. Oxalis amplifolia (Trelease) Knuth, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Berlin 7: 314. 1919. Oxalis divergens Benth. var. amplifolia Trelease in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 368. 1897. Tonoxalis amplifolia Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 10:°110. 1906. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,700 to 5,200 feet, rich soil in shade, August. Western Texas to southern Arizona. 510 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Specimens collected in Santa Cruz County (Peebles et al. 4656, 5612) differ from Trelease’s description in having the sepals acutish instead of ‘‘very obtuse” and in having 2, not 4 callosities, these sometimes deeply lobed at base. 57. LINACEAE. Fax FAMILY 1ST NUE havax Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; stems slender, commonly erect and branched; leaves simple, sessile, mostly alternate; inflores- cence cymose-paniculate or racemose; flowers regular, perfect; sepals and petals 5, the sepals persistent, the petals deciduous, blue or yellow; stamens 5, sometimes with 5 additional rudiments, the filaments united below; fruit a 5- or 10-valved capsule. The outstanding species, of Old World origin, is flax (LZ. usttatis- stmum L.), from the stem fibers of which linen, and from the seeds linseed oil, are manufactured. One of Arizona’s yellow-flowered species, L. neomexicanum, is reported to be poisonous to horses and sheep. Cyanogen is thought to be the toxic constituent. Key to the species 1. Petals sky blue, 1 to 2 cm. long; sepals glandless; stigmas introrse, slightly longer than: thick> plant. perennial: — 322 sss e7 se eee 1S. hs BEwish 1. Petals yellow or orange; sepals, at least the inner ones, bearing marginal glands; stigmas terminal, capitate (2). 2. Styles separate to the base; sepals not or scarcely aristate, the outer ones entire or with few glandular teeth (3). 3. Inflorescence elongate, narrow, interrupted-racemiform; plant annual or biennial; outer sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; stems erect, the branches ascending at a narrow angle; capsule subglobose-ovoid. 2. L. NEOMEXICANUM. 3. Inflorescence short, fastigiate, corymbiform or compact-racemiform; plants perennial; outer sepals ovate__---___________- 3. 1a) KING 2. Styles united nearly to the apex; sepals spinose-aristate, the outer ones with numerous glandular teeth; plants mostly annual (4). 4. Pedicels and stems densely puberulent; angles of the stem not winged; stems usually branching from near the base, the branches loosely Spreading ss 2 =o.) tS ee eee ee 4, L. PUBERULUM. 4. Pedicels and stems glabrous, or sparsely and obscurely puberulent; angles of the stem narrewly winged___________--___--- 5. L. ARISTATUM. 1. Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 210. 1814. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 9,500 feet, common on open mesas and in conifer- ous forests, March to September. Saskatchewan and Alaska to northern Mexico. This handsome plant closely resembles cultivated flax but is peren- nial. Occasional specimens have nearly white flowers. It is stated that the Indians in some of the Western States used the long fibers of the stems for making cordage. 2. Linum neomexicanum Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 183. 1881. Cathartolinum neomexicanum Small, North Amer. Fl. 25: 73. 1907. Coconino County and Hualpai Mountain (Mobave County), south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, common in yellow ——— tg lic te la all FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 511 pine forests, June to September. New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. *3. Linum kingii S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 49. 1871. Cathartolinum kingiit Small, North Amer. Fl. 25: 73. 1907. Not known to occur in Arizona but is found in southern Utah, near the northern border of Arizona. 4. Linum puberulum (Engelm.) Heller, Plant World 1: 22. 1897. Linum rigidum Pursh var. puberulum Engelm. in A. Gray, PL Wreht. t:° 2p." 852: Cathartolinum puberulum Small, North Amer. FI. 25: 80. 1907. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,500 feet, April to July. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. Scarcely more than a variety of L. rigidum, differing chiefly in its denser puberuJence and in having the apex of the pedicel not or only slightly cupulate. 5. Linum aristatum Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex.101. 1848. Cathartolinum aristatum Small, North Amer. Fl. 25: 83. 1907. Apache County to Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), 5,000 to 8,000 feet, plains and mesas, mostly in sandy soil, May to September. Colorado and western Texas to northern Arizona and Mexico. The var. australe (Heller) Kearney and Peebles (L. australe Heller) has the same range in Arizona as the typical form and also extends farther south, to the Rincon Mountains (Pima County). Ascompared with the typical form it has shorter outer sepals, more distinctly dentate inner sepals, more diffusely branched stems, and usually ser- rulate leaves, the leaves being commonly entire in the typical form of the species. JL. aristatum is reported to be used by the Hopi Indians in cases of childbearing. 58. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Catrrop FAMILY Plants herbs or shrubs; leaves digitately or pinnately compound, mostly opposite, the leaflets entire; flowers perfect, regular or nearly so; sepals and petals 5; stamens 10, in 2 whorls, the filaments separate; ovary 2- to 6-celled, sometimes splitting in fruit into as many or twice as many nutlets; styles not separating from the column. Key to the genera 1. Leaves 3-foliolate; stipules spiny; petals purple; plant suffrutescent. 1. FAGONIA. 1. Leaves 2-foliolate, or pinnate with numerous leaflets; stipules not spiny; petals yellow or orange (2). 2. Plant shrubby, very glutinous, strong-scented; leaflets 2, divaricate; stamens with scalelike appendages; fruits densely villous____-___ 2. Larrea. 2. Plants herbaceous, not glutinous or strong-scented; leaflets 4 or more pairs; stamens not appendaged; carpels dorsally tuberculate or spiny (8). 3. Fruit flat, radiate, breaking up into 5 nutlets, each with 2 strong dorsal spines and containing 2 or more seeds, these separated by transverse Saar eee ree eee pe eee Fe SB 3. TRIBULUS. 3. Fruit hemispheric or higher, not radiate, breaking up into more than 5 nutlets, these not spiny, l-seeded_..-.__-__- 4. KALLSTROEMIA. 286744°—42 33 512 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. FAGONIA Plant suffrutescent, puberulent to nearly glabrous; leaves digitately 3-foliolate, the stipules spinescent; flowers smail, solitary in the leaf axils; petals purplish pink; fruit of 5 united carpels. 1. Fagonia californica Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844. Fagoma laems Standl., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 24: 249. 1911. Fagonia longipes Standl., ibid. p. 250. Western Pinal County and Yuma County, 2,000 feet or lower, fre- quent on dry rocky slopes and mesas, March and sometimes October. Southern Utah to southern California, Sonora, and Baja California. F. laevis (type from Yuma, Jones in 1906) is a very nearly glabrous form. Ff. longipes (type from Arizona without definite locality, Palmer in 1876) has exceptionally long pedicels. 2. LARREA. CRrREOSOTEBUSH Plant a much-branched shrub, up to 3.5 m. (11.5 feet) high; leaves evergreen, thick, glutinous, strong-scented, the leaflets 2, oblong to obovate, united at base; flowers axillary, solitary; petals yellow; capsule 5-celled, densely white-villous. 1. Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium AFG.) NSO. Zygophyllum tridentatum DC., Prodr. 1: 706. 1824. Larrea glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 93. 1848. Covillea tridentata Vail, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 302. 1899. Covillea glutinosa Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 25: 108. 1910. Mohave County to Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or lower, dry plains and mesas, flowering from time to time throughout the year but most profusely in spring. Western Texas to southern Utah, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. Very closely related to ZL. divaricata Cav. of southern South America and perhaps not specifically distinct, in which case the name divaricata has priority. Often erroneously called ‘‘greasewood”’ in Arizona and California. An outstanding xerophyte and a very important element of the perennial desert flora in southern and western Arizona. The plants cover thousands of square miles in the western and southwestern parts of the State, often in nearly pure stand, usually with remarkably little variation in size. The Pima Indians formerly used the leaves in decoction as an emetic and to poultice sores. Small quantities of lac are found on the branches as a resinous incrustation. This was ~ used for fixing arrow points, mending pottery, etc. Creosotebush has a strong characteristic odor, especially noticeable when the foliage is wet. The plant ordinarily is not touched by livestock although it is reported that sheep, especially pregnant ewes, have been killed by partaking of it. This plant is reported to cause dermatitis in exceptional persons who are allergic to it. & DRIBULUSS) Carrror Plant annual, with long prostrate stems radiating from the root; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 8 to 12; flowers small, axillary, solitary, { FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Bho peduncled; petals yellow; fruits flat, of 5 nutlets, each dorsally armed with 2 strong spines and containing 2 or more seeds separated by transverse partitions. 1. Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753. Here and there throughout the State, 5,000 feet or lower, often very abundant at roadsides and in fields, flowering in summer. Extensively naturalized in the United States, from southern Europe. Plant now commonly known as puncturevine, also as bullhead and burnut. ; 17455 Labs Chamaesyce albomarginata Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 710, 1333. 1903. Throughout the State except the extreme northern, northeastern, and southwestern portions, 1,000 to 6,000 feet, often common on clay and loam flats. Oklahoma to California and northern Mexico. 286744°—42- 35 544 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 28. Euphorbia serpens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 52. 1817. Chamaesyce serpens Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 709, 1333. 1903. Santa Cruz River at La Noria, Santa Cruz County, about 4,900 feet (Mearns 1192). Ontario and Montana, south to South America. 29. Euphorbia fendleri Torr. and Gray, U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. DROS MGR 7 ANSE); Chamaesyce fendleri Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 710, 1333. 1908. ne County to Mohave and Yavapai Counties, also at Dragoon (Cochise County), 4,000 to 7,000 feet. Nebraska to Texas, west to California. The var. chaetocalyx Boiss. (Chamaesyce chaetocalyx Woot. and Standl.) occurs in most of the range of the species in Arizona, inter- erading with the typical form in Navajo and Coconino Counties. 30. Euphorbia polycarpa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 50. 1844. Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. in Parish, Cat. PI. Salton Sink 6. 1913. Mohave, southern Yavapai, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 600 to 2 800 feet, sandy or gravelly plains and mesas. Nevada to Sonora, California, and Baja California. A pubescent. variant, var. hirtella Boiss. (Chamaesyce tonsita Millsp.) occurs in Mohave and Yuma Counties, intergrading with the species, which is glabrous. 31. Euphorbia melanadenia Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 1352 Son: Euphorbia polycarpa var. vestita S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 73. 1880. Chamaesyce melanadenia Millsp., Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 2: 410. 1916. In the entire southwestern half of the State, eastward to Gila County, 500 to 4,900 feet, common on dry sunny foothills, often among shrubs. Arizona, southern California, Sonora, and Baja California. The plants are generally erect or ascending, but on open flats, particularly in disturbed soil, they may be nearly prostrate. 32. Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm. in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 186. 1859. Chamaesyce pediculifera Rose and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 12. 1912. Euphorbia vermiformis M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 16: 23. 1930. Southern Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 500 to 4,000 feet. Arizona, southeastern Cali- fornia, and northwestern Mexico. Specimens from the deserts at low altitude often simulate Euphorbia melanadenia in pubescence and leaf size, but the ovoid-oblong seeds, encircled by 4 or 5 ridges, of E.. pediculifera are readily distinguishable FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 545 from the quadrangular and smooth, or nearly smooth, seeds of £. melanadenia. 33. Euphorbia gracillima S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 21: 438. 1886. Chamaesyce gracillima (S. Wats.) Millsp., Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 2: 409. 1916. Tucson Mountains, San Solano, and Sells (Pima County), 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Southern Arizona to Sinaloa. 34. Euphorbia revoluta Engelm. in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 186. 1859. Chamaesyce revoluta Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S.711, 1333. 1903. Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,200 to 5,900 feet. Colorado to Arizona and Chihuahua. 35. Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 186. 1859. Euphorbia versicolor Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 184. 1881. Chamaesyce arizonica Arthur, Torreya 11: 260. 1911. Chamaesyce versicolor Norton, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 20: 345. 1925. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Yucca (Mohave County), and in Greenlee, Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 4,200 feet, type from Arizona (Schott in 1856). Texas to southeastern California and northern Mexico. 36. Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. ex Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 364. 1857. Chamaesyce setiloba Millsp. in Parish, Cat. Pl. Salton Sink Bb. A983; Greenlee and Cochise Counties to Mohave and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 5,000 feet. Western Texas to California and northwestern Mexico. 37. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 14. 1806. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 712, 1333. 1903. Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelm.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 145. 1906. Chamaesyce neomexicana (Greene) Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 13: 199, 227. 1910. Apache County to Mohave and Yavapai Counties, southeastward to Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 3,000 to 7,200 feet. Widely distributed in western North America, from Alberta to Mexico. 38. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 187. 1859. Chamaesyce glyptosperma Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 712, 1333. 1903. Apache County to eastern Coconino County (House Rock), 5,000 to 7,500 feet. New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Texas and northeastern Arizona. 546 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 39. Euphorbia abramsiana L. C. Wheeler, South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul sos COs os4s Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 140 to 3,000 feet. Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Mexico. 40. Euphorbia micromera Boiss. ex Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and SC leanacy Ge Al, Vat, Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia Millsp., Pittonia 2: 87. 1890. Chamaesyce micromera Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 144. 1918. Chamaesyce pseudoserpyllifolia Maiullsp., Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 2: 411. 1916. Navajo County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 500 to 5,000 feet, type from near the San Pedro River, Cochise County (Wright in 1851). Western Texas to Utah, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. 41. Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestrom, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 48: 41. 1935. Euphorbia dioeca H. B. K. var.? indivisa Engelm. in Torr., U. 8S. and Mex. Beund. Bot. 187. 1859. Chamaesyce indivsa Millsp., Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser 2538 ie aL OU: Near Prescott (Yavapai County), to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,600 to 5,000 feet. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 42. Euphorbia stictospora Engelm. in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. IS ieload: Chamaesyce stictospora Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 714, 1334. 1903. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,600 to 5,500 feet. South Dakota and Wyoming to Arizona, Durango, and Zacatecas. 43. Euphorbia supina Raf., Amer. Month. Mag. 2: 119. 1817. Euphorbia maculata of authors. Not of L. Near Metcalf (Greenlee County), Devil’s Canyon (Gila County), Tucson (Pima County). Eastern United States to North Dakota and Texas, introduced here and there farther west. 44, Euphorbia chamaesyce L., Sp. Pl. 455. 1753. Euphorbia prostrata Ait., Hort. Kew 2: 139. 1789. Chamaesyce prostrata Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 713, 1333. 1903. Eight miles west of Florence (Pinal County), Santa Cruz River at La Noria (Santa Cruz County), Tucson (Pima County), 1,500 to 4,500 feet. South Carolina and Florida to southern Arizona, south- ward into tropical America. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 547 45. Euphorbia serrula Engelm. in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 188. 1859. Chamaesyce serrula Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 144. -1913. Peach Springs (Mohave County), Tucson (Pima County), and at several localities in Cochise County, 2,400 to 5,000 feet. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 65. CALLITRICHACEAE. WatTer-sTARWORT FAMILY 1. CALLITRICHE. Warter-starwort Aquatic plants with slender stems and small opposite entire leaves, these often crowded at the ends of the stems; flowers minute, axillary, perfect or unisexual, without a perianth, subtended by 2 saccate bracts; stamen and pistil 1; fruit at maturity separating into 4 nutlets, these 1-seeded. 1. Callitriche palustris L., Sp. Pl. 969. 1753. Chuska Mountains (Apache County), Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), Young to Payson (Gila County), Tucson (Pima County), in streams and ponds. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemis- phere. 66. BUXACEAE. Box FAmity 1. SIMMONDSIA. Jososa, DEERNUT An evergreen, dichotomously branched shrub; leaves opposite, simple, entire, thick, leathery; flowers unisexual (perhaps always dioecious), apetalous, in dense axillary clusters, small, yellowish; stamens 10 to 12; fruit an acornlike capsule, usually with only 1 large seed. Also known as goatnut, wild-hazel, coffeebush, and quinine-plant. It is a rather handsome shrub, seldom more than 2 m. (6.5 feet) high in Arizona, and is the best browse plant within its range. The ‘‘nuts”’ are rich in an edible oil (chemically, a liquid wax). This reputedly has medicinal virtues and is used in small quantities in the manu- facture of hair oil. In early days the Indians and white settlers made a substitute for coffee from the fruits. The “‘nuts’? may be eaten raw or parched but are too bitter with tannin in their natural state to please the white man’s palate. 1. Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid., Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 141. 1907. Buzus chinensis Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 386. 1822. Simmondsia californica Nutt., London Jour. Bot. 3: 401. 1844. Greenlee County to southern Yavapai County, south to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 4,300 feet, common, often abun- dant, dry slopes and along washes, December to July. Southern Arizona, southern California, Sonora, and Baja California. 548 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 67. ANACARDIACEAE. CaAsHEwW FAMILY 1. RHUS.®8 Sumac Shrubs, the sap usually acrid and resinous, sometimes poisonous; leaves alternate, either simple and entire, or 3 -foliolate, or pinnate; flowers regular, "perfect or unisexual, mostly 5-merous, small, green- ish, yellowish, or whitish, in axillary or terminal panicles, witha ring- shaped or cup-shaped disk around the ovary; fruit a small 1-seeded drupe. All of the Arizona species are ornamental. The fruits, except in poison-ivy (R. radicans), are thin-fleshed, sweet, pleasantly acid, and can be used to make a refreshing beverage. They are an important food of birds and other wild animals. From the latex of an Asiatic species, R. verniciflua, the fine lacquer of China and Japan is manufactured. Key to the species 1. Fruits yellowish white when mature, shiny, glabrous or nearly so, never glandular-pubescent; plant finely pubescent or glabrate; stems erect, ascending, or climbing by aerial rootlets; leaves deciduous, 3-foliolate, the midlobe long-stalked; leaflets up to 10 em. long, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, usually coarsely few-toothed; inflorescences loose, paniculate, appearing after the leaves; petals greenish white__.__- 1. R. RADICANS. 1. Fruits red when mature, glandular-pubescent (2). 2. Leaves simple, evergreen, leathery, entire or very nearly so (8). 3. Blades of the leaves broadly ovate, acute or short-acuminate, often conduplicate, bright green above; petioles usually more than 1 em. long 22h 2c ee ee eo ee ey eee eee ee 2.) RE TOMAS 3. Blades ‘broadly oblong or oval, obtuse or acutish, flat, dark green above with conspicuous whitish veins; petioles usually less than 1 cm. long. 3. R. KEARNEYI. 2. Leaves compound, sometimes reduced to a single leaflet in R. trilobata (4). 4. Leaflets not more than 3, coarsely crenate, the midlobe sessile or nearly so, often cleft; leaves deciduous, not leathery; inflorescences dense, spike- like, appearing before the leaves (except in one form); petals yellow. R. TRILOBATA. 4. Leaflets more than 8 or, if only 3, then the leaves evergreen and leathery (5). 5. Flowers very numerous, in naked terminal inflorescences; stems below the inflorescence, and the leaves, glabrous or glabrate; leaves deciduous, the leaflets seldom fewer than 11, whitish beneath, oblong-lanceolate, conspicuously serrate, 4 to 10 ecm. long. 5. R. GuaBRA. 5. Flowers not very numerous, often in axillary as well as terminal inflores- cences; leaflets 9 or fewer, paler but not whitish beneath, entire (6). 6. Leaves evergreen, the rachis not winged; leaflets 3 to 5, coriaceous, somewhat shiny above, glabrate, petiolulate, 2 to 6 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex; flowers appearing afterthe leaves 423 oS 22 eA ee eee 6. R. CHORIOPHYLLA. 6. Leaves deciduous, the rachis winged; leaflets 5 to 9, not coriaceous or shiny, pilose, sessile, less than 2 em. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, rounded to acutish at apex; flowers appearing before the leaves. R. MICROPHYLLA. 1. Rhus radicans L., Sp. Pl. 266. 1753. Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 153. 1891. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 8,000 feet, common in rich soil of ravines and canyons, April to September. Throughout most of North America. 80 Reference: BARKLEY, F. A. A MONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF RHUS AND ITS IMMEDIATE ALLIES IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 265-498. 1937. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 5AD E. L. Greene published Tozxicodendron arizonicum, T. laetevirens, and TJ. pumilum, based on Arizona types, but these are probably only individual variations. A form with seeds constricted at the side, Toricodendron divaricatum Greene (JT. radicans var. divaricatum Barkley), was collected near Bisbee, Cochise County (Goodding 46). Poison-ivy, poison-oak. A variable, often climbing plant, con- taining a nearly nonvolatile oil, urushiol, that causes painful swelling and eruption of the skin with many persons. The milky juice is poisonous when taken internally. 2. Rhus ovata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: 358. 1885. Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County) to Gila and eastern Maricopa Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, slopes and mesas, common in chaparral, April. Central Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. Sugarbush, sometimes called mountain-laurel in Arizona. . Leaf blades palmately cleft, with rounded lobes; pubescence mostly stellate; petals not more than 6 mm. long, not spotted, lavender or whitish; car- pels not more than 15, somewhat turgid, not becoming black, trans- To ESSE So ee ae en ee 3. M. EXILE. 574 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Wats.) Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 12: 286. 1909. Malvastrum tricuspidatum var. biscuspidatum S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 21: 417. 1886. Pinal and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, occasional on rocky slopes, April to October. Southern Arizona and Mexico. Closely related to the South American M. scabrum (Cav.) A. Gray and M. scoparium (L’ Her.) A. Gray. The Arizona plant was referred by Gray to the latter species. 2. Malvastrum rotundifolium A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce deusoae, SS: Eremalche rotundifolia Greene, Leaflets 1: 208. 1906. Yuma and Mohave Counties, 100 to 1,500 feet, not infrequent in dry, sandy soil, often in washes, March to April. Western Arizona, southern California, and southern Nevada. A showy plant when in flower. 3. Malvastrum exile A. Gray in Ives, Colo. Riv. Rpt. 8. 1860. Eremalche exilis Greene, Leaflets 1: 208. 1906. Mohave, Pinal, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,500 feet, common at roadsides and in fields, February to May, type from Pyramid Canyon, Mohave County (Newberry in 1858). Southwestern Utah to southern Arizona and California. Reported to be used as food by the Pima Indians, in times of scarcity. The plant affords considerable grazing in southern Arizona, in early spring. 8. SIDA Plants mostly perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent, more or less pubescent with forked, stellate, or scalelike hairs; flowers axillary, solitary or in small cymules, these sometimes assembled in terminal leafy panicles; involucel usually none; carpels indehiscent or dehiscent only part way from the apex, more or less rugose and often reticulate on the sides. Key to the species 1. Calyx greatly enlarged in fruit, papery, veiny, the segments appearing cordate at base; taproot long, tuberlike, often fusiform; stems and leaves hispid (usually sparsely so) with long, mostly few-rayed hairs; petals not or scarcely:surpassine the calyx: 2-23 eee ee 1. S. HASTATA. 1. Calyx not or but slightly enlarged in fruit, not papery or veiny, the segments not appearing cordate; taproot sometimes stout but not tuberlike or fusiform; stems and leaves puberulent, canescent, or lepidote (if long hairs also present, these simple, not stiff); petals considerably surpassing the calyx (2). 2. Flowering stems from elongate rootstocks, decumbent or prostrate; plants conspicuously whitish stellate-canescent or lepidote; leaf blades very oblique at base; petals 10 to 20 mm. long, white or ochroleucous when fresh, often fading pink; peduncles axillary, mostly 1-flowered, commonly decurved or sigmoid after anthesis; carpels reticulate on the sides, muticous or nearly so (8). 38. Stems and leaves densely whitish canescent with short, stellate hairs; leaf blades broadly deltoid or suborbicular, wider than long, rounded at apex, rather regularly dentate; involucel of 1 to 3 subulate bractlets, usually persistent until or after anthesis; petals ochroleucous when fresh; carpels indehiscent ___.._._.._-_._-- 2. S. HEDERACEA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Deo 3. Stems and leaves sparsely to densely silvery-lepidote with scalelike hairs; leaf blades triangular-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, longer than wide, acutish to acuminate at apex; involucel none; petals white when fresh earpels dehiscenmatapexs 52-2. 22-22... 3. SS. LEPIDOTA. orange yellow when fresh; carpels more or less dehiscent at apex, rugose or reticulate on the sides (4). 4. Stems decumbent or prostrate, these and the petioles sparingly hirsute with long, spreading, very slender, simple hairs, also finely stellate- canescent or puberulent, and with short, glandular hairs; flowers axillary, solitary, on long, slender peduncles; calyx usuaily both long-hirsuteandipuberlentess= eis) 22s 2) 4. §. DIFFUSA. 4. Stems erect or ascending or, if somewhat decumbent, then the fowers clustered at the ends of the stems and branches; stems, petioles, and pedicels finely stellate-canescent or puberulent, without long simple hairs; calyx not hirsute (5). 5. Plant perennial, without a definite axis, the stems diffuse, several or numerous from a woody root; leaf blades linear or narrowly oblong (the lowest sometimes ovate), serrate; petals fading pink; carpels muticous or short-mucronate, rugulose only at the edges, scarcely differentiated apically and basally__._._______ 5. S. NEOMEXICANA. 5. Plant normally with a definite axis, this and the branches erect or nearly so, virgate; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to ovate, crenate or crenate-dentate; petals not fading pink; carpels with a smooth dehiscent apical portion sharply differentiated from the reticulate indehiscent basal portion (6). 6. Taproot slender, not woody; plant annual, herbaceous; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, not more than 8 mm. wide, acuminate at apex, finely crenate-dentate, lowers mostly in small clusters in the upper axils and at the ends of the main stem and branches; peduncles usually less than 1 em. long; carpels commonly bicus- pidate or biaristate, the basal portion rugose-tuberculate. 6. S. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 6. Taproot thick, woody; plant perennial, often suffrutescent; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, mostly 10 to 20 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish at apex, coarsely crenate; flowers solitary, axillary (by reduction of the upper leaves the inflorescence sometimes appear- ing as an elongate, terminal raceme); peduncles 1 to 3 em. long; carpels bimucronate, the basal portion coarsely reticulate. S. TRAGIAEFOLIA. 1. Sida hastata St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Mer. 1: 190. 1827. Sida physocalyx A. Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 163. 1850. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rather frequent in rich soil in canyons, also at Beaver Creek, Yavapai County (Purpus 57), March to October. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Readily distinguished from all other species of Sida in Arizona by the inflated, strongly 5-angled calyx and the large, tuberlike root. 2. Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 23. 1849. Malva hederacea Doug). ex Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 107. 1830. Disella hederacea Greene, Leaflets 1: 209. 1906. Apache County to Coconino, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 5,000 feet, moist, often saline soil, usually near streams, May to October. Oklahoma and Texas to Washington, California, Arizona, and Mexico. 286744°—42—_37 576 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The fruits are extensively parasitized by insects and the seeds seldom mature. Known, in New Mexico, as ‘‘meloncilla.”’? Often a trouble- some weed on heavy soils. 3. Sida lepidota A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 18. 1852. Disella lepidota Greene, Leaflets 1: 209. 1906. Mohave, Yavapai, Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 6, 000 feet, roadsides, March to October. Western Texas and southern Colorado to Arizona and Mexico. The typical form, with triangular-ovate, dentate, not or barely hastate leaf blades, has been collected at Deer Spring (Rothrock 188) and in the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer 1689). The var. sagittae- folia A. Gray (Disella sagittaefolia Greene) is much more common in Arizona. It has lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, asymmetrically hastate or subsagittate leaf blades, with 1 to3 pairs ‘of teeth near the base, the margins otherwise entire or nearly so. 4. Sida diffusa H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 5: 257. 1822. Greenlee, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, Z-S00 bon»), 500 feet, common on plains and mesas in dry sandy soils, April to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. procumbens Swartz, a widely distributed plant of tropical and subtropical America. 5. Sida neomexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 22: 290. Sole Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, plains in the open and in partially shaded canyons, September to October. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. 6. Sida angustifolia Lam., Encycl.1: 4. 1783. Sida spinosa L. var. angustifolia Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Indies. 74. 1859. Nogales, Santa Cruz County (Peebles et al. 4712), Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Wooton in 1911 and 1913), about 4,000 feet, dry, sandy plains. Southern and western Texas to southern Arizona and tropical America. Identification of the Arizona plant as Lamarck’s species is perhaps questionable. Mexican specimens are mostly perennial. 7. Sida tragiaefolia A. Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 164. 1850. Pima County, at Tucson (G. A. Wilcox in 1905) and in the Santa Catalina Mountains, 2,500 to 3,500 feet, dry, rocky slopes (Pringle in 1884, Peebles et al. 1428, etc.), late summer and autumn. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and northeastern Mexico. 9. ANODA * Plants sparsely hirsute to densely puberulent or tomentose; leaf blades, especially the upper ones, often hastate at base; involucel none; fruit depressed, hemispheric or disklike; carpels usually umbonate or spurred on the back, with fragile lateral walls, these usually breaking up before maturity, the inner layer forming a saclike envelope of the 84 Reference: HOCHREUTINER, B. P. G. MONOGRAPHIA GENERIS ANODAE. Consery. et Jard. Bot. Genéve Ann. 20: 29-68. - 1916. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Se | seed or becoming closely adherent to the seed coat, the dorsal wall more persistent. Key to the species 1. Fruit a flattened disk of radiating carpels, these conspicuously long-hirsute or hispid, with an elongate dorsal spur; calyx spreading in fruit (2). 2. Petals purple; stems and petioles sparsely hirsute with long, mostly simple, spreading or retrorse hairs, often also puberulent, sometimes glabrate; carpels 9 to 20, hispid, not reticulate on the back; leaf blades truncate GF sliprs-cymeste a1; base 2 es ee 1. A. CRISTATA. 2. Petals orange yellow, purplish at base; stems and petioles densely puberulent or short-pilose, a few long, simple hairs often also present, the pubescence slightly viscid; carpels 10 to 12, hirsute, strongly reticulate on the back with black veins; leaf blades (the lower ones) cordate or subcordate at 5 Sl a een ae ek ce ee 2. A. WRIGHTII. 1. Fruit hemispheric or somewhat lower, but not flat and disklike; carpels puberu- lent to short-hirsute, rounded, umbonate, angled, or short-spurred on the back (3). 3. Inner layer of the carpel wall separating from the outer at maturity as a reticulate, loose, saclike envelope of the seed; lower leaves with broadly cordate-angulate or shallowly lobed blades (4). 4. Upper leaves mostly with elongate, hastate blades; petals orange yellow; carpels prominently angled or short-spurred on the back. 3. A. CRENATIFLORA. 4. Upper leaves with narrowly 3- to 5-lobed blades; petals purple; carpels POMnCe at chile -Datke,2 2s se 2 a | 4. A. RETICULATA. 3. Inner layer not separating or, if so, then becoming closely adherent to the seed and arilliform; carpels more or less umbonate or gibbous on the back; stems tall, wandlike; inflorescence elongate, often nearly leafless above; pubescence often somewhat viscid (5). 5. Petals about 12 mm. long, more than twice as long as the calyx, orange yellow, often fading pink or purplish; plant velvety short-pubescent, also villous (at least on the lower part of the main stem), with long, spreading or retrorse, simple hairs; leaf blades broadly ovate (up to 10 cm. wide), abruptly long-acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base, crenate-dentate; lateral walls of the carpel persistent but fragile and becoming more or less torn_____________~- 5. A. ABUTILOIDES. 5. Petals not more than 6 mm. long, not more than twice as long as the calyx; plant puberulent or glabrate; upper leaves with narrow, elongate, usually hastate blades; lateral walls of the carpels breaking up before maturity (6). 6. Carpels 8 or 9, strongly several-nerved on the back; petals purple. 6. A. THURBERI. 6. Carpels 5 to 7, 1-nerved on the back; petals orange yellow, often fading fenichor spurplines os 2 Sab oo se 7. A. PENTASCHISTA. 1. Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht., Linnaea 11: 210. 1837. Sida cristata L., Sp. Pl. 685. 1753. ?Anoda lavaterioides Medik., Malvenfam. 19. 1787. Graham, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, common in moist meadows and along streams, August to October. Western Texas to southern Arizona, southward to South America. Highly variable in size of plant and shape of the leaf blades, these being usually narrowly to broadly triangular in outline and coarsely crenate, often hastate, the basal ones sometimes digitately several- lobed. The form with lobed leaves is var. digitata (A. Gray) Hochr., which intergrades freely with forms having less dissected leaves. 2. Anoda wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 22. 1853. Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, about 5,000 feet, rich soil in pine forests, September (Harrison and Kearney 6179). Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Mexico. 578 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Anoda crenatiflora Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 96. 1798. Tumacacori Mission, Santa Cruz County, about 3,000 feet, in thickets (Harrison 8146), August and September. Southern Arizona and Mexico. 4. Anoda reticulata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 368. 1882. Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County (Pringle in 1881, the type collection), Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Kearney and Peebles 14453). Known only from southern Arizona. 5. Anoda abutiloides A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 22: S00 sess: Pima County, Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1882, the type collection), Baboquivar1 Mountains (Peebles et al. 387, etc.), 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rich soil in canyons, May to October. Apparently known only from southern Arizona but doubtless also in Sonora. This plant bears a marked resemblance to Abutilon sonorae in its large, deeply cordate, long-pointed, velvety-pubescent leaf blades. In structure of the carpels it forms a link with the genus Sida, the lateral walls, although fragile, being more persistent than in any other species of Anoda. 6. Anoda thurberi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 22: 299. 1886. Cochise County, at Paradise, Chiricahua Mountains, on limestone, 5,500 feet (Blumer 1730), and near Fort Huachuca, on a sandy plain, about 5,000 feet (Peebles et al. 3381), September and October. Southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 7. Anoda pentaschista A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 22. 1853. Sidanoda pentaschista Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 19: 427. 1916. Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 3,500 feet, roadsides and fields, June to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. 10. HIBISCUS. RoszemMaLLtow Plants perennial, often shrubby; leaf blades merely crenate or dentate, or pedately cleft; flowers axillary, solitary, the petals 2 cm. long or longer; involucel usually present; fruit a loculicidal capsule, the carpels 5; seeds several in each carpel, long-hairy. Key to the species 1. Petals lavender; bractlets less than half as long as the calyx, often fugacious; stems densely grayish canescent or tomentose with short, stellate hairs; plant suiirutescent: orrshiuo ye sess ae ee eee 1. H. DENUDATUS. 1. Petals yellow, with a large red basal spot; bractlets nearly equaling to longer than the calyx, persistent; stems strigose or hispid with long, simple or forked hairs (2). 2. Stems distinctly woody above the caudex, homogeneously strigose with forked hairs; pedicels usually disarticulating at maturity of the fruit; seeds completely covered with long hairs__________ 2, Hi COULBERT. 2. Stems scarcely woody above the caudex, finely pubescent in 1 or 2 lines, also hispid with long, simple or forked hairs; pedicels not disarticulating; seeds naked or nearly so in the center_____________- 3. H. BISEPTUS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 519 1. Hibiscus denudatus Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 7. 1844. Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, March to October. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. Two rather well-marked forms occur in Arizona: (1) The typical form of the species, a shrub reaching a height of 1 m., with the in- volucel commonly little-developed, growing in sandy washes, 1,500 feet or lower, in Pinal, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties; (2) var. involucellatus Gray (H. involucellatus Woot. and Standl.), an under- shrub, commonly not more than 0.5 m. high, with a better developed and more persistent involucel, the prevailing form on shallow “‘caliche”’ soils in Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet. 2. Hibiscus coulteri Harv. ex A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 23. 1852. Pinal, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,500 to 3,500 feet, rather common on rocky slopes and sides of canyons, flowering through- out the year. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. A straggling shrub, the stems up to 1.2 m. long. 3. Hibiscus biseptus S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 21: 418. 1886. Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,500 feet, not in- frequent on rocky slopes of canyons, April to October. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. Arizona specimens differ from the typical form of the species in having the fine pubescence in only 1 line and the longer hairs mostly forked. 11. GOSSYPIUM. Corron Plant shrubby; branchlets and petioles quadrangular; leaf blades pedately 3- to 5-parted, with lanceolate or lance-elliptic, attenuate- acuminate lobes; extrafloral nectaries present on the leaf blades and at apex of the peduncles; flowers mostly solitary and axillary, borne on short branches; involucel present, persistent; petals white or whit- ish, 2 to 3 cm. long; fruit a 3- or 4-celled loculicidal capsule; seeds turbinate-angulate, rather sparsely villous. 1. Gossypium thurberi Todaro, Prodr. Monog. Gen. Gossyp.7. 1878. Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 5: 308. 1855. Ingenhouzia triloba of authors. Not DC. Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima Counties, reported also as occurring in the Bradshaw Mountains (Yavapai County), 2,500 to 4,500 (rarely 7,000) feet, rather common on rocky slopes and sides of canyons, late summer and autumn. Southern Arizona and north- ern Mexico. A handsome shrub, known in Sonora as “‘algodoncillo” (little cotton), reaching a height of 4.2 m. (14 feet). Petals normally spotless, but plants with faint crimson basal spots are not rare. The plant is interesting because a subspecies of the cotton boll weevil breeds in the capsules. The form of this insect of which G. thurberi is the normal host also occasionally attacks nearby cultivated cotton, conse- quently the United States Department of Agriculture is endeavoring to eradicate the plant where it grows near areas of cotton cultivation. 580 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 75. STERCULIACEAE. Cacao FAmILy Plants herbaceous to treelike, the pubescence wholly or partly of forked or stellate hairs; leaves alternate, simple; flowers perfect, regular or nearly so; calyx usually 5-lobed; petals normally 5, or none, free or united with the stamen tube; fertile stamens 5, the filaments more or less united below, with staminodia sometimes also present; fruit a 1- to 5-celled capsule. The most important plant of this family is Theobroma éacao, a native of tropical America, from the seeds of which cocoa and chocolate are obtained. Key to the genera 1. Sepals large, bright yellow; petals none; plant a large shrub or small tree. FREMONTODENDRON. 1. Sepals relatively small and inconspicuous; petals present; plants small shrubs or herbs (2). 2. Petals reddish or purplish, with broad hooded blades abruptly contracted into slender claws; stamens 10, the 5 fertile ones alternating with sta- minodia, the anthers 3-celled; stigma capitate, larger than the style. 4. AYENTA. 2. Petals orange, with flat, spatulate or obovate blades tapering gradually into relatively broad claws; stamens 5, all fertile, the anthers 2-celled; stigma minute, not or scarcely larger than the style (38). 3. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, on elongate peduncles; calyx tube not strongly ribbed; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; anthers hispidulous; styles 5, not contorted; fruit much larger than the calyx, 5-celled, bladder- likes seeds severalun each cell] a2 hee eee 2. HERMANNIA. 3. Flowers numerous, sessile, in dense glomerules aggregated into small panicles; calyx tube strongly 10-ribbed, turbinate; petals about 4 mm. long; anthers glabrous; style 1, somewhat contorted; fruit enclosed in the calyx, 1-celled, not inflated; seed solitary_._._ 3. WaALTHERIA. 1 FREMONTODENDRON. FREmontTIA A large evergreen shrub or small tree; leaf blades thickish, usually palmately lobed, truncate or subcordate at base, the lower surface whitish or yellowish, scurfy-tomentose with minute stellate hairs; flowers solitary, extra-axillary, showy; sepals large, bright yellow, each with a hairy gland at base; petals none; capsule 4- or 5-celled. 1. Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 74. 1893. Fremontia californica Torr., Pl. Frémont. 5. 1853. Gila County, near Payson and in the Mazatzal Mountains (Collom 1101), and at the junction of Rock and Pinto Creeks (Copple and Cooperider in 1926), Pinal County, Cliff Dweller Canyon (Sizer S—49), reported to occur also in the Bradshaw Mountains (Yavapai County), rare and local, 3,700 to 6,000 feet, on dry usually north slopes in canyons, May. Central Arizona, California, and Baja California. A handsome plant when in flower, frequently planted in California as an ornamental, also known as flannelbush and California slippery elm. The bark is said to have the same properties as that of the true slippery elm (Ulmus fulva Michx.) and to be used for the same pur- pose, i. e., to relieve irritation of the throat. Cattle browse this plant. 2. HERMANNIA Plant herbaceous or slightly woody at base, loosely pubescent or elabrate; flowers small, axillary; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes longer than FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA O81 the tube; anthers about 2.5 mm. long; styles sparsely hispidulous; capsule with stout teeth along the edges of the valves. 1. Hermannia pauciflora S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. '725a08. 1882: Pima County, Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1881, the type collection, Lemmon 3069), Tucson Mountains, on dry gravelly slopes (Pringle in 1884), April. Southern Arizona and Sonora. 3. WALTHERIA Plant herbaceous or suffrutescent, tomentose or canescent; flowers in dense axillary clusters; calyx 5-toothed, the teeth shorter than the tube; petals pale yellow, fading reddish; anthers about 1 mm. long; style bearded; capsule pubescent. 1. Waltheria americana L., Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. Waltheria detonsa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 24. 1853. Cochise (?) County and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet (doubtless elsewhere), canyons, September, type of W. detonsa from southern Arizona (Wright 904). Southern Arizona, Mexico, and widely distributed in tropical America. 4. AYENIA Herbs or undershrubs, resembling some Euphorbiaceae; flowers in- conspicuous; petals with the claw much longer than the blade; staminodia appearing as teeth or lobes at the margin of the expanded apex of the staminal column; capsule 5-celled, conspicuously warty. Key to the species 1. Plant asmall, intricately branched shrub; staminal column short, wholly funnel- form; staminodia large, fleshy, crenate; blades of the petals deltoid- reniform, not adnate to the summit of the column, not appendaged dorsally ; ovary and fruit very short-stipitate or subsessile; leaf blades ovate, crenate- rg LetTy fal Re oe al A Ee aps SOW ee ae eC ee 1. A. MICROPHYLLA. 1. Plants suffrutescent, or herbaceous above the woody caudex; staminal column slender, elongate, abruptly expanded into the funnelform apical portion; staminodia small, toothlike; blades of the petals not reniform, adnate to the summit of the column, bearing a hornlike dorsal appendage; ovary Bie tenineeshmerly Stipitates =) eo 8 es 2. A. PUSTLDA. 1. Ayenia microphylla A. Gray, P]. Wright. 1: 24. 1852. Near Vail and in the Tucson Mountains (Pima County), Table Top Mountain (Pinal County), 2,000 to 3,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas, spring and late summer. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. A small shrub, less than 0.5 m. high. 2. Ayenia pusilla L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1247. 1759. Gila and Yavapai Counties, south to Santa Cruz and Pima Coun- ties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, dry hot rocky slopes, March to October. Southern Florida, southern Texas, southern Arizona, southeastern California, and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America. There is much variation in the leaf blades, which vary from nar- rowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to ovate, with crenate-dentate to serrate margins, 582 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 76. HYPERICACEAE. Sr. JoHNSwortT FAMILY 1. HYPERICUM. Sr. JoHnswort The Arizona species perennial, glabrous herbs; leaves opposite, simple, sessile, entire, glandular-punctate; flowers perfect, regular, the sepals and petals 4 or 5, the petals yellow or salmon color; stamens numerous, usually in 3 to 5 clusters with the filaments united below; ovary 3-celled or with 3 placentas; capsule dehiscent, many-seeded. The common St. Johnswort (H. perforatum L.), a European plant extensively naturalized in the United States, contains a photosensi- tizing principle that causes blistering and loss of hair in white-skinned horses, cattle, and sheep if exposed to strong sunlight after eating the plant. It is not known whether the native species have this effect. Key to the species 1. Stems erect from creeping rootstocks, 20 to 70 em. long; leaf blades 10 to 35 mm. long, black-dotted along the margin; flowers several or numerous, in leafy terminal panicles; petals yellow, 7 to 14 mm. long. H. FORMOSUM. 1. Stems procumbent, often forming mats, rooting at the lower nodes, 3 to 25 em. long; leaf blades 4 to 12 mm. long, not black-dotted; flowers few in terminal cymes, sometimes solitary, occasionally axillary; petals salmon-colored, 2: tora: Ting, long es oe es Seas OE ay eee 2. H. ANAGALLOIDES. 1. Hypericum formosum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 5: 196. 1821. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 7,000 to 9,000 feet, moist soi] in coniferous forests, July to September. Wyoming to Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. 2. Hypericum anagalloides Cham. and Schlecht., Linnaea 3: 127. 1828. Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Grand Canyon Herb. 956). Montana to British Columbia, northern Arizona, and southern California. 77. ELATINACEAE. WaATERWORT FAMILY 1. ELATINE.® Watrerwort Plants herbaceous, annual, semiaquatic, glabrous; stems slender, rooting at the nodes, seldom more than 5 cm. long; Jeaves opposite, simple, entire; flowers axillary, minute, commonly 2-merous; fruit a dehiscent capsule, with several to many seeds. 1. Elatine triandra Schkuhr, Bot. Handb. 1: 345. 1791. Grows in Arizona on the muddy margins of ponds, 5,000 feet or higher. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. There occur in Arizona both the typical form of the species (var. genuina Fassett), with leaves linear to spatulate, often emarginate, and seeds with more than 15 transverse rows of pits; and var. brachy- sperma (A. Gray) Fassett (EL. brachysperma A. Gray), with leaves linear or narrowly oblong, seeds with not more than 15 rows of pits. The typical form has been collected on the San Francisco Peaks (MacDougal 273), in southern Coconino County (Peebles 14410), and in the Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County (Shreve 5219). The var. 85 Reference: FASSETT, NORMAN C, ELATINE AND OTHER AQUATICS. Rhodora 41: 367-376. 1939. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 18 Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) near Salome, Yuma County, altitude 1,600 feet. The scarlet flowers are very showy. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 583 brachysperma has been collected near the San Francisco Peaks (Lem- mon 3313) and between Young and Payson, Gila County, growing with Callitriche, flowering in May (Peebles and Smith 13295). 78. TAMARICACEAE. TAMARIX FAMILY 1. TAMARIX Large shrubs or small trees with slender branches, these covered when young by the smail, imbricate, scalelike leaves; flowers in slender spikes terminating the branchlets, perfect, regular, small, 4- or 5- merous; petals and stamens borne on a fleshy disk; fruit a 3- to 5- valved capsule; seeds many, usually with a tuft of hairs at one end. 1. Tamarix gallica L., Sp. Pl. 270. 1753. Abundant along streams in most parts of the State at altitudes not above 5,000 feet, often forming extensive thickets, March to August. Naturalized from Europe. French tamarix. A handsome plant with deep pink to nearly white flowers, from which much honey is obtained in Arizona. In some places the plant is looked upon with favor as a control for too rapid soil erosion. It is seldom browsed by livestock but is used by cattle as a hiding place in the river bottoms. It can be grown on saline soils. Athel (T. aphylla) is an evergreen tree from northern Africa frequently planted in Arizona for windbreaks and shade but almost never occurring spontaneously. The wood is brittle and weak, fragrant when burning. The trees grow rapidly but are objectionable on account of the expense of removal, which often is neces- sitated by danger of the heavy limbs falling, and the fact that other plants cannot be grown to best advantage in the dense shade and against the severe competition of the shallow feeding roots. 79. FOUQUIERIACEAE. OCcorTIL1o FAMILY 1. FOUQUIERIA. OcortTILLo A large thorny shrub with numerous long whiplike unbranched stems; petioles of the short-lived primary leaves becoming thorns, bearing in their axils the fascicles of secondary leaves; flowers perfect, regular, in dense terminal panicles, showy, bright red; corolla tubular, 5-lobed; fruit an incompletely 3-celled capsule; seeds flat, winged, the wing disintegrating into hairlike filaments. 1. Fouquieria splendens Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 98. 1848. Southern Apache County and western Mohave County to Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or lower (exceptionally 6,500 feet in the Chiricahua Mountains), very common on dry mesas and slopes, April to May, rarely late summer. Western Texas to southeastern California and northern Mexico. Sometimes called “slimwood” and ‘‘coach-whip.” It is one of the oddest and most conspicuous of Arizona plants and is very attractive in flower (pl. 18). The ocotillo drops its leaves as soon as the soil dries, but as quickly refoliates after a good rain, except in winter when temperatures are low. Cuttings root readily, and it is not uncommon to see living fences or hedges of this plant. The straight, thorny stems are set in the ground thickly to build coyote-proof runs and 584 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE corrals for fowl and also are utilized by the Indians for constructing crude huts and outhouses. The Coahuila Indians of southern Cali- fornia are said to eat the flowers and capsules. It is reported that belt dressing of good quality is manufactured from the wax that coats the stems. The Apache Indians relieve fatigue by bathing in a decoction of the roots and also apply the powdered root to painful swellings (Collom ms.). 80. COCHLOSPERMACEAE. CocHLosPpERMUM FAMILY 1. AMOREUXIA Plants herbaceous, with short flowering stems from a large tuberlike root; leaves long-petioled, the blades palmately lobed or parted with more or less wedge-shaped lobes; flowers few in a terminal raceme, large and somewhat irregular, the petals of unequal width and the numerous stamens in 2 sets, those of one side of the flower with longer incurved filaments; petals orange, all but the lowest one bearing 1 or 2 large red spots; anthers opening by terminal pores, the upper anthers yellow and on shorter filaments than the purple lower anthers; capsule large, with a thick outer wall and a thin inner wall, these separating at maturity. The flowers are beautiful and the capsules are curious on account of the hyaline endocarp, through which the seeds may be seen as through a window after the exocarp falls away or is removed. The fruits are said to be used as food in Sonora and Chihuahua, and the roots were roasted and eaten by the Indians of southern Arizona. They are reported to taste like carrots or parsnips. Key to the species 1. Stems and petioles puberulent; leaf blades glabrous; capsule broadly ovoid, less than 4 em. long, short-acuminate, puberulent; seeds reniform, the outer coat close, hirsutulous; cotyledons oblong, at least twice as long as Wide 2c 0) 2k ee ee ieee ee ae eee eee 1. A. PALMATIFIDA. 1. Stems and petioles short-pilose; leaf blades pilose on the veins beneath; capsule ellipsoid, 4 to 7 cm. long, long-acuminate, copiously short-pilose; seeds globose, the outer coat loose, pilose; cotyledons nearly orbicular. 2. A. GONZALEZII. 1. Amoreuxia paimatifida Moc. and Sessé ex DC., Prodr. 2: 638. 1825. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, near the Mexican boundary, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, rocky slopes and mesas, July and August. Southern Arizona and Mexico. 2. Amoreuxia gonzalezii Sprague and Riley, Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Mise. Inform. 1922: 102. 1922. Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Wooton in 1914). Southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. 81. KOEBERLINIACEAE. JUuNcO FAMILY 1. KOEBERLINIA. Junco Intricately branched, very thorny shrubs with green bark; leaves reduced to small scales; inflorescences lateral, few-flowered, umbellike or short-racemose; flowers perfect, regular; petals 4, somewhat hooded; FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 685 stamens 8, the filaments thickened at the middle; ovary 2-celled, stipitate; fruit a globular berry with 2 to 4 seeds. Sometimes called ‘‘crown-of-thorns,” ‘‘crucifixion- thorn,” and “‘corona-de-Cristo.”’ This very strongly armed plant repels livestock and no doubt assists in controlling soil erosion. Wherever abundant it is considered a range pest. It tends to form thickets. 1. Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc., Flora 157: Beibl. 73. 1832. Cochise County to the vicinity of Tucson (Pima County), 2,400 to 4,500 feet, hillsides and mesas, May and June. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. The distribution in Arizona, as given in the preceding paragraph, is that of the typical form. The var. tenwispina Kearney and Peebles occurs farther west, in western Maricopa and southern Yuma Counties, also in northwestern Sonora. Normally it differs from the typical form in having longer and more slender branches, bluish-green rather than yellowish-green bark, longer and relatively narrower sepals, and longer petals and filaments. It flowers in March, hence earlier than the typical form, prefers sandier soil, and grows at lower eleva- tions, 2,000 feet or lower. The plant is usually more open and taller, reaching a height of 4.5 m. (15 feet), whereas the typical form seldom exceeds 1.8 m. (6 feet) in height. Further study may show this variant to be a distinct species, but there is considerable variation and some overlapping with typical K. spinosa in most of the characters. 82. VIOLACEAE. VIoLET FAMILY Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; leaves simple, with stipules, alternate or all basal; flowers 5-merous, irregular, the lower petal concave, saccate, or spurred; filaments very short or none; fruit a 3- valved capsu'e Two favorite garden plants, the pansy (Viola tricolor L.), and the sweet violet (V. odorata L.) belong to this family. Both are natives of the Old World. Many North American species of Viola have beautiful flowers. Key to the genera 1. Sepals not auriculate at base; lower petal concave or slightly saccate at base, constricted at the middle; plants caulescent, the stems leafy; flowers axil- lary, solitary or in small clusters SL aR We Jers) a a t: "Hy BANTHUS. 1. Sepals ‘dilated or auriculate at base; lower petal produced at base into a spur or deep sac, not noticeably constricted at the middle; plants caulescent or acaulescent; flowers solitary, on long, 2-bracted peduncles > eee 2. VIOLA. 1. HYBANTHUS Plants annual or perennial; stems leafy; leaf blades linear to rhom- bic-lanceolate; flowers axillary, solitary or few in a cluster, incon- spicuous, greenish or purplish. Key to the species 1. Plant perennial; stems numerous from a slightly woody caudex, decumbent, ascending, or erect, not more (usually much less) than 35 em. long; herbage dull green, puberulent or glabrous; leaves sessile or subsessile, linear, lan- ceolate, or oblanceolate (the lowest ones sometimes obovate), not more than 6 mm. wide, usually entire, acute or acutish at apex; flowers solitary; pedicels commonly decurved; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, the longest petal much less than twice as long as the others, with a cucullate blade. 1. H. VERTICILLATUS. 586 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE i Blan annual: stem solitary, erect, up to 50 cm. long, often loosely pilose above, the pubescence in lines; herbage bright green; leaves distinctly petioled, the blades rhombic- lanceolate, up to 20 mm. wide, serrulate, acuminate at apex; flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters: pedicels usually not decurved; corolla 6 to 9 mm. long, the lower petal at least twice as long as the others. witlia tatalla cl else eee aye ee ee ee 2. H. ATTENUATUS. 1. Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) A. Nels. in Coult., New Man. Rocky Mount. 323. 1909. Viola veriicillata Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 50. 1797. Calceolaria verticillata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 41. 1891. Gila and Yavapai Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, dry open plains and mesas, May to September. Kansas and Colorado to Arizona and Mexico. 2. Hybanthus attenuatus (Humb. and Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze, Notizbl. Bot, Gact. u. Mus, Bern 122 41934. Tondium attenuatum Humb. and Bonpl. in Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 402. 1819. Mule Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet, rich soil in canyons, August to September. Southern Arizona to Central America. 2. VIOLA. ViI0LET Plants perennial, with rootstocks, caulescent or acaulescent; leaf blades lanceolate to round-reniform, entire or dentate; flowers on long 2-bracted peduncles, all or some of them large and showy, the corolla violet, yellow, or whitish, the lower petal spurred or deeply saccate at base; inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers also often present; sta- mens closely surrounding the ovary. Key to the species 1. Plants strictly acaulescent, the leaves and scapes from rather stout, horizontal to erect rootstocks; herbage glabrous or sparsely pubescent; corolla nor- mally violet, the spur short and stout (2). 2. Leaf blades round-reniform, crenate______-_----~-_- 1. V.NEPHROPHYLLA. 2. Leaf blades pedately parted or divided with narrow divisions. 2. V. PEDATIFIDA. 1. Plants caulescent or soon becoming so (3). 3. Corolla yellow, often tinged with brown or purple; plants subacaulescent when young; herbage pubescent or puberulent; blades of the upper leaves lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate (4). 4. Capsules glabrous or glabrate; leaf blades entire or sparingly denticulate; upper petals usually yellow on thesbackee= == 3. V. NULPTALIM 4. Capsules puberulent; leaf blades, at least the basal ones, conspicuously dentate; petals (at least the 2 upper ones) brown on the back. 4, V. VENOSA. 38. Corolla blue or white, sometimes with a yellow eye (5). 5. Spur cylindric, one-third as long as to nearly equaling the blade of the petal; corolia blue; plant subacaulescent at first; flowering stems from creeping rootstocks, numerous, diffuse, commonly not more than 10 em. long; leaf blades ovate to suborbiecular, short-cuneate to subcordate at base, crenulate, puberulent or nearly glabrous__ 5. V. ADUNCA. 5. Spur saccate, much less than one-third as long as the blade of the petal; petals white, purple veined, and usually tinged with purple on the back; plant strongly caulescent; flowering stems from short thick rootstocks, few, erect or ascending, commonly 20 to 30 em. long; — leaf blades triangular-ovate to suborbicular, deeply cordate at base, crenate, puberulent on both faces or glabrous beneath. 6. V. CANADENSIS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 587 1. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896. Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,200 feet, rich soil of coniferous forests, April to June. C anada to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Represented in Arizona chiefly by var. arizonica (Greene) Kearney and Peebles (V. arizonica Greene), characterized by sparsely pubescent or at least ciliate leaf blades, these glabrous in the typical form. The type of V. arizonica was collected near Fort Verde, Yavapai County (Mearns in 1888). 2. Viola pedatifida G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 320. 1831. Mogollon Escarpment, Coconino (?) County (Mearns 44), along a stream in pine forest, May. Wisconsin to Saskatchewan, south to Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona. Larkspur violet. The presence of this plant in a pine forest in central Arizona is remarkable. The species belongs mainly to the plains and prairies east of the Rocky Mountains. 3. Viola nuttallii Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 174. 1814. White Mountains (Apache County), Pagumpa Springs (Mohave County), Ash Fork (Yavapai County); also reported from Fort Verde (Yavapai County), 5,000 feet or higher, Apriland May. Manitoba to Missouri and central Arizona. 4. Viola venosa (S. Wats.) Kydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 262. 1900. Viola nuttalliit var. venosa S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par-35: 35. 1871. A collection on North Peak, Mazatzal Mountains, Gila County, 6,000 feet (Collom 48), has been identified by Baker and Clausen (m.s.) as ‘fa very luxuriant form, nearest to subsp. atriplicifolia (Greene) Baker and Clausen.’ Montana to Washington, south to Colorado, Arizona, and California. 5. Viola adunca J. E. Smith, Rees’s Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817. Near Flagstaff, Coconino County (MacDougal 132), Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County (Peebles and Harrison 2223), about 7,500 feet, yellow pine forest, June to July. Canada to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 6. Viola canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 936. 1753. Viola muriculata Greene, Pittonia 5: 28. 1902. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, rich moist soil of coniferous forests, April to August, type of V. muriculata from the San Francisco Peaks (Greene in 1889). Canada, southward in the mountains to South Carolina, New Mexico, and ’Avizona. V. muriculata is a more pubescent form with leaves puberulent on both faces, often slightly scabrous above, and stems also usually puberulent. It intergrades satiate with typical V. canadensis. Specimens collected at base of the San Francisco Peaks and on the Mogollon Escarpment (Mearns 19, 94) were described as V. canadensis var. scariosa Porter, characterized as having exceptionally large, scarious stipules. 588 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 83. PASSIFLORACEAE.. PAsstoNFLOWER FAMILY 1. PASSIFLORA. 8& PasstonrLOWER Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems trailing or climbing, with tendrils opposite the leaves, these alternate, deeply lobed; flowers perfect, regular, normally 5-merous, on 1-flowered axillary peduncles, these often in pairs; petalsrarely wanting; calyx throat bear- ing a conspicuous fringed crown; filaments united below into a tube ny eae the stipitate ovary; fruit a fleshy berry with numerous seeds. The Arizona passionflowers are relatively inconspicuous, but some of the species of this chiefly tropical genus are highly prized cultivated ornamentals with very handsome large flowers. Two species, P. quadrangularis, the granadilla, and P. edulis, are cultivated for their fruits, the latter especially in Australia. The fruits are eaten directly or are used for flavoring ices, etc., and for making fruit sirup. Key to the species 1. Leaves deeply 2-lobed, the lobes ascending, the margin entire; stipules narrowly linear or setaceous; seeds transversely sulcate; plant glabrous. . P. MEXICANA. 1. Leaves 3- to 5-lobed, the lateral lobes divaricate, the margin dentate, denticulate, or sinuate; stipules semiovate or pinnatisect; seeds reticulate; plant pubescent nearly throughout (2). 2. Petioles biglandular near the apex; bracts setaceous; stipules semiovate; corona l-ranked; ovary glabrous; stem and leaves hispidulous. . P. BRYONIOIDES. 2. Petioles glandless; bracts deeply pinnatisect, with filiform divisions; stipules pinnatisect; corona in several ranks; ovary pilose; stem and leaves grayish-villouge 2 £0) ie 2 see ec ee ek ee 3. P. FoOETIDA. 1. Passiflora mexicana Juss., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Ann. 6: 108. 1805. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, usually along streams, sometimes on dry mesas, July and August. Southern Arizona and Mexico. 2. Passiflora bryonioides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 140. 1817. Near Ruby, Santa Cruz County (Harrison 5644, Goodding in 1936), about 4,000 feet, August and September. Southern Arizona and Mexico. Petals white, the crown purple. 3. Passiflora foetida L., Sp. Pl. 959. 1753. Canyons on west side of the Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet, thickets, August and September. Almost throughout tropical and subtropical America. Represented in Arizona by var. arizonica Killip, known only from Arizona and Sonora, type from the Baboquivari Mountains (Harri- son 4774). The plant has a rank disagreeable odor. The flowers are apparently vespertine, and have a lilac-colored corona. 84. LOASACEAE. Loasa FAMILY Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent; herbage rough-pubescent, the hairs often barbed, sometimes stinging; stems 86 Referepce: KILLIp, ELLSWORTH P. THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PASSIFLORACEAE. Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 19: 1-618. 1938. The key to the Arizona species was contributed by Mr. Killip. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA — 589 mostly brittle and with pale exfoliating bark; leaves alternate, simple but often deeply pinnatifid; flowers perfect, regular or nearly so, in terminai inflorescences or some of them solitary in the forks of the branches; calyx tube completely adnate to the ovary, only the 5 lobes or teeth free; petals yellow or yellowish, inserted on the calyx throat; stamens few to many; fruit a 1-celled capsule, indehiscent or tardily and irregularly dehiscent; seeds 1 to many. This family is remarkable for the diversity and peculiar structure of the hairs. Key to the genera 1. Ovary of 1 ecarpel, 1-celled, containing a singie pendulous ovule; stamens 5 or fewer (2). 2. Filaments very short, linear; anthers large, 2-celled, the connective produced inte a hyaline spoon-shaped body longer than the anther cells. 1. CEVALLIA. 2. Filaments elongate, filiform; anthers small, 4-celled, the connective not eqnepiciionmiggpinameed <= * = = 2-2-5) ee ee 2.. PETALONYX. 1. Ovary of more than one carpel, each carpel containing several to many ovules borne on parietal placentas; stamens 10 or more (3). 3. Carpels usually 3; placentas narrow or flat, not projecting far into the cavity of the ovary; ovules in 1 or 2 rows on the placenta; leaf blades not cordate poe Sees SL S 2 De er ae ieee ee ge pee ee 3. MENTZELIA. 3. Carpels commonly 5; placentas thick, more or less circular in cross section, projecting far into the cavity of the ovary and connected with the ovary wall by a thin plate; ovules in several rows on the placenta; leaf blades subcordate at base, round-ovate, crenate-dentate, rather thick. 4. EUCNIDE. 1. CEVALLIA Plant herbaceous, perennial, canescent, also hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades sinuate-pinnatifid; flowers small, in dense narrow- bracted heads; calyx tube short, the calyx lobes and the petals similar and seemingly in one series, long, narrow, erect, plumose with white hairs. | 1. Cevallia sinuata Lag., Var. Cienc. 21: 35. 1805. Greenlee County to Cochise County, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, August to November. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. A noteworthy plant because of the stinging hairs and the peculiar structure of the flowers. 2. PETALONYX. SANDPAPER-PLANT Plants woody, at least at base, the herbage scabrous; leaf blades entire or dentate; flowers small, in short broad-bracted spikes, the petals whitish or pale yellow. Key to the species 1. Leaves broad at base, sessile, not shiny, lanceolate to ovate, often few-toothed; plant somewhat woody at base; herbage gray, very scabrous, densely his- pidulous with retrorse hairs; floral bracts triangular-ovate, denticulate toward the base; petals 4 to 6 mm. long____________-_ 1. P. THURBERI. 1. Leaves narrowed at base or short-petioled; plants woody well above the base (2). 2. Leaves sessile or nearly so, lance-oblong, 3 to 6 mm. wide, entire, green, muricate-scabrous, not shiny; inflorescences subcapitate in flower, elongate in fruit; floral bracts ovate-cordate, entire, obtuse, densely soft-pubescent; petals 4 to 5 mm. long_______-____- 2. P. LINEARIS. 0990 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Leaves short-petioled, ovate to lanceolate, commonly more than 6 mm. wide, denticulate or dentate, somewhat shiny; inflorescences densely panicu- late; floral bracts ovate or lanceolate, not cordate, often denticulate, more or less acuminate, rough-pubescent; petals 7 to 10 mm. long (3). 3. Petals 7 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, few-dentate, usually coarsely so, rounded, truncate, or short-cuneate at base; stems herbaceous above. 3. P. NITIDUS. 3. Petals about 10 mm. long, white, the claws strongly coherent; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, finely crenate, cuneate at base; stems almost wholly "woody 20 2° a2 Ooi Re aectecs cme eee e ner mel: Event 4. PP. PARRYI. 1. Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2poe Olona Soo Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,000 feet but usually much lower, common in sandy soil, often in dry stream beds, May to October, type from the Gila River valley (Thurber). Arizona, Nevada, southeastern California, and north- western Mexico. 2. Petalonyx linearis Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 188. 1885. Yuma County near Laguna Dam on the Colorado River (Jones in 1906, Harrison and Peebles 5060) and at Tinajas Altas (Goodding in 1938), March. Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. 3. Petalonyx nitidus S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 300. 1873. Yucca, Mohave County, 1,800 feet (Jones 4483), May. Western Arizona, southern Utah and Nevada, and southeastern California. 4. Petalonyx parryi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 72. 1874. Northern Arizona (Palmer in 1877), Mokiak Pass, Mohave County, 3,000 feet (Cottam et al. 4410), northern Mohave County (Peebles and Parker 14752), dry washes, etc., May. Southern Utah and Nevada, and northern Arizona. A rounded shrub about 3 feet high. 3. MENTZELIA.®’ Buazinc-starR, STICKLEAF Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent; herbage scabrous, without stinging hairs; flowers in terminal cymose inflores- cences, or some of them solitary in the forks of the branches, small or large, cream-colored, yellow, or orange; stamens usually numerous, the outer ones often petallike. As one of the common names implies, fragments of the leaves and stems stick readily to clothing and to the hair of animals. Many of the species are handsome in flower. Key to the species 1. Outer filaments cleft at the dilated apex, the anther borne on a slender pro- longation of the filament between the 2 subulate or triangular-lanceolate teeth or lobes; petals ochroleucous, 2 to 4 cm. long; flowers closely sub- tended by deeply laciniate bracts; stems stout, white or whitish, seldom more oe 30 em. long, branching at or near the base: Section Bicuspi- daria (2). 87 Reference: DARLINGTON, JOSEPHINE. A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MENTZELIA, Mo, Bot. Gard. Ann, 21; 103-226. 1934. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA «+591 2. Bracts at anthesis concealing the calyx tube, mostly broadly ovate, the lower portion of different texture from the upper, scarious or thinly membranous, whitish, the teeth usually more than 8 and shorter than the width of the undivided central portion of the bract. 1. M. INVOLUCRATA. 2. Bracts at anthesis not concealing the calyx tube, lanceolate, green and of uniform texture throughout, the teeth 6 to 8, at least as long as the width of the undivided central portion of the bract__ 2. M. Tricuspts. 1. Outer filaments not cleft at apex; petals yellow or orange, often fading whitish; flowers not bracteate or, if loosely so, then the bracts not deeply laciniate, often entire (3). 3. Stems not conspicuously whitish, these and the capsules hispid with stout, glochidiate hairs 0.5 to 1.0 mm. long; leaf blades thin, deep green, irreg- ularly dentate and often hastately lobed near the base; petals orange yellow, 6 to 10 mm. long; capsules elongate, clavate or narrowly ob- conic: Section Humentzelia (4). 4, Petioles of the lower leaves more than half as long as the blade; blades broadly ovate, less than twice as long as wide; filaments of the outer stamens petaloid-dilated toward the apex___________- 3. M. ASPERA. 4, Petioles less than half as long as the blade; blades lanceolate to ovate, often much more than twice as long as wide; filaments not dilated. 4. M. ASPERULA. 3. Stems becoming conspicuously whitish, scabrous-puberulent, short-pilose, or glabrate; leaf blades thickish, light green or yellowish green, not hastate; petals yellow (5). 5. Capsules clavate or narrowly obconic, more than 5 times as long as wide; seeds pendulous, thick, faceted, not winged; hairs not glochidiate, the longer ones very slender; plants annual; outer filaments not or searcely dilated; leaf blades mostly pinnatifid: Section Trachyphytum or Acrolasia (6). 6. Seeds appearing smooth at low magnification, grooved on the angles. 5. M. AFrFinis. 6. Seeds evidently muriculate at low magnification, not grooved or but slightly so on one of the angles; blades of the leaves deeply pinna- tifid, or the upper ones few-toothed or entire (7). ¢2/Retaishsanm, Jong-or Jouger? i. ss 02220. Ud 6. M. NITENs. foplemishlesss paneSemins lone Sry. 2 gee. bo Bee) 7. M. ALBICAULIS. 5. Capsules turbinate or breadly obconic, not more than 3 times as long as wide; seeds horizontal, thinly lenticular, winged; glochidiate hairs usually present, at least on the calyx; plants biennial or perennial; outer filaments more or less dilated: Section Bartonia or Nutiallia (8). 8. Petals pale yellow when fresh, 15 to 20 mm. long; stems up to 1.5 m. long, stout, strict, not branched below; leaf blades sinuate-dentate, the lower ones up to 20 em. long; capsules 20 to 30 mm. long, commonly about 3 times as long as wide, acutish at base. 8. M. RUSBYI. 8. Petals bright yellow when fresh (9). 9. Leaf blades all or mostly pinnatifid; stems usually tall, 50 em. long or longer; petals 10 to 20 mm. long; capsules 10 to 20 mm. long, 1.5 to 3 (commonly about 2) times as long as wide, acutish to POMnGeday DASC. 2. ee ee Se oe 9. M. PUMILA. 9. Leaf blades sinuate-dentate or nearly entire; stems low, less than 50 cm. long, usually branched from the base; capsules about 10 mm. long, less than twice as long as wide, rounded at base (10). 10. Stems herbaceous, slender, becoming smooth; leaf blades lanceolate or narrowly oblong; petals up to 15mm. long 10. M. INTEGRA 10. Stems suffrutescent, stout, scabrous-pubescent; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate; petals not more than 10 mm. long. 11. M. PUBERULA. 1. Mentzelia involucrata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: a0/;. 1885. Western Maricopa, western Pinal, and Yuma Counties, 2,200 feet or lower, dry sandy soil, March and April. Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Sonora. 286744°—42—— 38 592 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE This and the following species are very similar, short-stemmed, with large pale yellow or cream-colored flowers. 2. Mentzelia tricuspis A. Gray, Amer. Nat. 9: 271. 1875. Western Mohave County, 2,000 feet or lower, dry sandy soil, April. Southern Utah to western Arizona and southeastern California. 3. Mentzelia aspera L., Sp. Pl. 516. 1753. Santa Cruz and Se Counties, about 4,000 feet, thickets, August. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America. 4. Mentzelia asperula Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 148. 1913. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, slopes and mesas, usually among shrubs, sometimes on limestone, August and September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 5. Mentzelia affinis Greene, Pittonia 2: 103. 1890. Canyon Lake @ianeane County), near Tucson (Pima County), 1,500 to 2,500 feet, March to June. Southern Arizona and California. Arizona specimens have smaller petals than most of those from California and are scarcely distinguishable from M. albicaulis except by the seed character. 6. Mentzelia nitens Greene, Fl. Francisc. 234. 1891. Mohave, southern Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower, February to May. Southern Utah, Arizona, and southeastern California. Differs from MM. albicaulis chiefly m its larger flowers and is con- nected with it by var. jonesii (Urban and Gilg) J. Darlington, a relatively small-flowered form with petals not more than 12 mm. long and the upper leaves mostly entire or few-toothed. This variety occurs in Arizona throughout the range of M. nitens and intergrades completely with the typical form. Resembling var. jonesi, but with slenderer stems and narrower leaves, is var. leptocaulis J. Darling- ton, known only from the type collection on Williams River (Palmer 157). 7. Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 222. 1834. Acrolasia albicaulis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 30: 277. 1903. Throughout the State, 7,000 feet or lower, very common in sandy soil on plains and along ae March to August. Wyoming to Washington, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Coextensive in range in Arizona with the typical form, and almost equally abundant, is var. veatchiana (Kellogg) Urban and Gilg (VM. veatchiana Kelloge, M. gracilenta var. veatchiana Jepson) which has petals 4 to 6 mm. long, whereas in typical M. albicaulis they are not more than 4 mm. long. This form seems scarcely distinguishable from M. albicaulis var. gracilis J. Darlington. Parched meal made from the seeds of M. albicaulis was eaten by the Arizona Indians. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 593 8. Mentzelia rusbyi Woot., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 261. 1898. Nuttallia rusbyi Cockerell, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 32: 300. 1906. Coconino County, 6,000 to 8,500 feet, mostly in yellow pine forests, July to September. W yoming to New Mexico and northern Arizona. Plant coarser, more robust, and larger leaved than in any other of the Arizona species. 9. Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 535. 1840. Bartonia pumila Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1818. Apache County to Maines County, south to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,600 to 8,000 feet, May to August. Wyoming and Utah to western T: exas, Arizona, Califor nia, and ‘northern’ Mexico. Blazing-star. The distribution in Arizona given in the preceding paragraph is that of the typical form, and of the scarcely distinguish- able var. procera (Woot. and Standl.) J. Darlington, characterized by acute or acuminate petals, and broad outer filaments. Much more common and abundant in Arizona is var. multiflora (Nutt.) Urban and Gilg (VM. multiflora Gray), with more obtuse petals (these often appearing acute in dried specimens) and narrower outer filaments. This variety occurs throughout the State at altitudes of 100 to 7,000 feet, preferring sandy soil, especially abundant in dry stream beds and along roads. All forms of /. pumila have freely branched stems and rather large flowers with petals bright yellow when fresh and 1 to 2 em. long. 10. Mentzelia integra (M. E. Jones) Tidestrom, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 25: 362. 1925. Mentzelia multiflora var. integra M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Fie. ser, 2, 5: “6892 1895. Nuttallia integra Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 40: 61. 1913. Kaibab Trail, Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Clover 4151), Virgin River, Mohave County (Purpus 6192). Southern Utah and northern Arizona. It is doubtful that this form is more than a variety of M. Bg: 11. Mentzelia puberula J. Darlington, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 21: 17 1934. Gila Mountains (Yuma County), 500 to 1,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, March, and flowering occasionally after summer r ains. Southwestern Arizona and southeastern California. An undershrub, not more than 0.5 m. high. 4. EUCNIDE. RockneETTLE Plant herbaceous, hispid with stinging hairs; leaf blades broadly ovate, subcordate, few-toothed; flowers few in terminal cymes, the petals pale yellow or cream-colored, about 5 em. long; filaments of the stamens all alike, none of them petaloid. 594 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Eucnide urens Parry, Amer. Nat. 9: 144. 1875. Along the Colorado River, from above Boulder Dam (Mohave County) to Ehrenberg (northern Yuma County), 300 to 1,500 feet, dry rocky slopes and in canyons, April and May, type from the Colorado River valley (Bigelow). Southern Utah and Nevada to western Arizona and southeastern California. Plant remarkable for the large size of the flowers and the stinging airs. 85. CACTACEAF. & Cacrus FAMILY The Arizona species fleshy-stemmed, perennial, mostly spiny and xerophytic plants with mucilaginous or rarely milky juice, character- ized by complex cushionlike organs (areoles) from which spines, branches, or flowers arise; stems of 1 or more joints, these flattened, cylindric, or globose, often tuberculate or ribbed; leaves wanting or rudimentary; flowers perfect, mostly regular and solitary; perianth segments several to many, more or less united at base, inserted on a hypanthium; stamens indefinitely numerous, inserted within the hypanthium tube; ovary inferior, 1-celled, the ovules parietal, numer- ous; style 1; stigma lobes several; fruit several- to many-seeded, fleshy or dry, indehiscent or dehiscent, spiny, scaly, or smooth. The cactus family is characteristic of the desert regions of Arizona, where the plants are abundant and conspicuous. The cactus most outstanding in scenic appeal is the gigantic sahuaro, the largest succulent in the United States. Key to the genera 1. Areoles furnished with glochids (barbed bristles); spines barbed or scabrous. 5. OPUNTIA. 1. Areoles not furnished with glochids; spines not barbed or scabrous (2). 2. Flowers borne in the axil of the tubercle or at base of the groove, at some distance from the spiniferous areole; tubercles distinct, disposed in SDITALTOWS 2 i eo er eae eles 4. MAMMILLARIA. 2. Flowers borne at apex of the tubercle, contiguous with or actually on the spiniferous areole; tubercles coalesced to form vertical or spiral ribs, except in one section of Echinocactus (8). 3. Flowers nocturnal, borne on the spiniferous areoles: stems greatly elongate, many times longer than thick; plant more or less branched above the DEUS sco oS a ae EO I aE pe pn ee cl 1. CEREUS. 3. Flowers diurnal, not borne on the spiniferous areoles; stems not greatly elongate; plant cespitose or simple (4). 4. Hypanthium spiny; flowers lateral____._.______- 2. ECHINOCEREUS. 4. Hypanthium devoid of spines, commonly scaly; flowers terminal. 3. EcHINOCACTUS. 1. CEREUS Plants large or small; stems greatly elongate, more or less branched above the base of the plant; spines not hooked; flowers funnelform or salverform, borne on the mature spiniferous areoles, nocturnal, lasting less than 24 hours; scales of the hypanthium usually entire, acute, rather persistent; ovary or fruit more or less spiny, the latter a berry; seeds usually tessellate and shining. 88 Reference: Britton, N. L., and Rosk, J. N. THE CACTACEAE. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 1919-23. The synonyms given by Britton and Rose are not repeated in treating the Arizona species except toindicate a different opinion. Thesegregate genera employed by Britton and Rose and many other modern authorities have not been adopted herein, although such names are indicated in the synonymy for the convenience of readers who are accus- tomed to that nomenclature. The authors are greatly indebted to A. R. Leding for much helpful advice and material from New Mexico, and to A. A. Nichol for the use of his splendid maps showing distri- bution of cactiin Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 595 Key to the species 1. Stems not more than 3 cm. in diameter, densely puberulent; spines less than 10 mm. long; flowers salverform, white; plant rarely 2 m. high; root tuber- ous; fruit red (2). 2. Branches 1.5 to 3 em. thick, strongly angled with 3 to 6 prominent ribs; root large, carrot-shaped; flowers 12 to 20 cm. long; fruit 12 to 15 cm. long; seeds 3.5 mm. long, tessellate and rugose, dull___ 1. CC. GREGGII. 2. Branches 5 to 8 mm. thick, not angled, deeply striate; ribs 6 to 9, low, broad, flattened; roots clustered; flowers 7 to 15.em. long____ 2. C. DIGUETII. 1. Stems very stout, glabrous; spines more than 10 mm. long; flowers funnelform; plant arborescent, 4 to 17 m. high; roots not tuberous (3). 3. Plant with a massive stem more than 30 em. thick, this usually continuous, often unbranched but usually bearing smaller variously curved lateral branches; ribs 12 to 24, 5 to 10 em. apart; flowers white, 10 to 12 cm. long, borne in crownlike clusters at the ends of branches; fruit ovoid, 6 to 9 em. long, naked or sparsely spiny; seeds tessellate. C. GIGANTEUS. 3. Plant with several to many stems, these of approximately equal size, less than 20 em. thick, mainly produced from base of the plant; flowers pink (4). 4. Spines similar all along the stem; ribs 12 to 17, 2 to 4 em. apart; flowers 6 to 7.5 em. long; fruit globose, 5 to 7.5 em. in diameter, densely spiny; seeds tessellate or reticulate and obscurely pitted__ 4. OC. THURBERI. 4. Spines twisted and conspicuously longer on the upper (floriferous) part of the stem; ribs 5 to 7 in number, 6 to 10 em. apart; flowers 3 to 4 cm. long, often 2 or more at an areole; fruit globose, 2 to 3 em. in diameter, unarmed; seeds tessellate, at least toward the base__ 5. CC. SCHOTTII. 1. Cereus greggii Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. Peniocereus greggii Britt. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 12: 428. 1909. Southern Mohave County to Graham, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, commonly at low altitudes with Larrea, June and July. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Nightblooming cereus, reina-de-la-noche. The beautiful, white, heavily fragrant flowers last only 1 night. The root sometimes is enormous but ordinarily weighs from 5 to 15 pounds. It is reported that the Indians formerly utilized the root for food. *2. Cereus diguetii Weber, Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Bul. 1: 319. 1895. A living specimen was collected in 1939 by J. Whitman Evans in the vicinity of Sonoita, Sonora, a few miles south of the international boundary. According to Evans the flowers are nocturnal and white, as described for C. diguetii, a species regarded by Britt. and Rose as synonymous with C. striatus T. S. Brandeg. (Wilcoria striata Britt. and Rose). Flowers of the latter are believed to be diurnal and purple. A. A. Nichol has observed plants very similar to Evans’ specimen in western Pima County along the Mexican boundary. 3. Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 159. 1848. Carnegiea gigantea Britt. and Rose, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 9: 188. 1908. Yavapai and Mohave Counties to Graham, Pima, and Yuma Coun- ties, up to 3,500 or exceptionally 4,500 feet, warm situations in well- drained soil, common, flowering May and June, type from along the Gila River, southern Arizona. Arizona, Sonora, and very locally in southeastern California. Sahuaro, saguaro, giant cactus. Designated Arizona’s State flower, this massive succulent is the largest cactus in the State, 596 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE occasionally attaining a height of more than 50 feet and developing as many as 50 “‘arms.’’ Large individuals are believed to be from 150 to 200 years of age. The flowers are nocturnal, opening between 9 and 12 o’clock at night. They open slowly, full expansion requiring about 2 or 3 hours; and persist in full flowering stage until late the following afternoon when they begin to close and wither. The large and beautiful white flowers are not fragrant but have an odor like that of ripe melon (see frontispiece). The sahuaro (pl. 19) has contributed substantially toward the sub- sistence of the Pima and Papago Indians, furnishing materials for food and shelter. The great capacity for storing water, combined with slow rate of growth, enables the plant to fruit annually more or less irrespective of drought. The fruit, or pitahaya of the early Span- iards, matures in June and July. The watermelon-red pulp is eaten fresh or stored, and in the form of sirup and preserves. At the annual harvest an intoxicating beverage is prepared by allowing the juice to ferment. The Papagos make a sort of butter from the seeds. The white-wing dove, a favorite game bird of Arizona sportsmen, feeds largely on the seeds of the sahuaro during the fruiting season. 4. Cereus thurberi Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 17: 234. 1854. Lemaireocereus thurbert Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pubes St 2 Oieaen oo Oe Southern Pinal, southern Maricopa, and western Pima Counties, up to about 3,000 feet, May to July. Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California. Organpipe cactus (pl. 20). The flowers open shortly after sunset and close the following day. The inner perianth segments are pale pink in the center, white along the margin and toward the base. The large, globose, extremely spiny fruits are highly esteemed by the Papago Indians. The old name, pitahaya dulce, denotes the sweet- ness of the pulp. A large area in the desert south of Ajo, PimaCounty, has been set aside as a national monument for the preservation of the organpipe cactus and the sinita. 5. Cereus schottii Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 288. 1856. Lophocereus schotti Britt. and Rose, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Her- barium 12: 427. 1909. Western Pima County, 1,000 to 2,000 feet, April to August. Ari- zona, Sonora, and Baja California, Sinita. The odorless pink flowers open soon after sunset and wither the following morning (pl. 21). Cereus alamosensis Coult. (Rathbunia alamosensis Britt. and Rose), which is known in Sonora, Sinaloa, and Tepic, has been dubiously reported from western Pima County. This species has weak, usually reclining stems, and scarlet flowers. 2. ECHINOCEREUS. HeEpGEHOG CACTUS, STRAWBERRY CACTUS Plant small, rarely 0.5 m. high, cespitose or simple; stems 1-jointed, cylindric or ovoid, erect or strongly ascending; spines not hooked; flowers funnelform or subcampanulate, arising from a rupture of the epidermis immediately above mature lateral spiniferous areoles, diurnal, lasting several days; hypanthium scales small, acute, entire, Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE i9 Sahuaro (Cereus giganteus) in Pinal County, altitude 1,600 feet. A very old individual. The holes in the stems are bird nests originally excavated by woodpeckers. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 20 Organpipe cactus (Cereus thurberz) in the Puerto Blanco Mountains, Pima County altitude 1,700 feet. Two open flowers and many maturing fruits are shown. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 597 rather persistent; fruit spiny with large and readily detachable spine clusters, thin-fleshed, juicy, edible; seeds black, tuberculate, the tubercles more or less confluent. Key to the species 1. Flowers searlet or crimson (2). 2. Plant with few stems, these stout, 20 to 50 cm. long; central spines 3 or 4, stout, straight, subulate, often angled, ashy gray or darkened. . E. POLYACANTHUS. 2. Plant strongly proliferous; stems seldom more than 20 cm. long (3). 3. Stems seldom more than 50; spines straight or nearly so. never flexuous, not or scarcely angled, often clear yellow; central spines 1 to 4, acicular. E. COCCINEUS. 38. Stems often very numerous (500 or more) in large hemispheric mounds; spines curved or even flexuous, angled, ashy gray; central spine solitary. E. MOJAVENSIS. 1. Flowers purple (4). 4. Areoles narrowly elliptic; radial spines closely peur and pectinate, not more than 12 mm. long, red or i) an E. RIGIDISSIMUS. 4. Areoles oblong to circular; radial spines not pectinate; eae spines never wanting (5). 5. Central spines 2 to 6 or more, all well developed, more or less curved or twisted, the lower ones deflexed, commonly flattened and angled toward the base; stems stout, up to 50 cm. long; ribs 11 to 18. 6. E. ENGELMANNII. 5. Central spines solitary, terete, often accompanied by shorter superposed accessory centrals (6). 6. Central spine curved toward the base, deflexed; spines translucent, straw colored, monochromatic; accessory centrals 1 to 4, or wanting; stems stout, up to 50 cm. long; ribs 18 to 16______ 5. E. LEDINGIL. 6. Central spine not curved near the base: spines commonly opaque (7). 7. Ribs 12 to 22, usually 14 to 17; principal central spine porrect or deflexed, reddish, white, or rarely straw-colored and translucent; 1 or 2 accessory centrals on at least some of the areoles. E. BOYCE-THOMPSONI. 7. Ribs 8 to 13, usually not more than 10; central spines dark brown or ashy gray (8). 8. Central spine curved and, except in age, strongly ascending, flexible, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long; accessory centrals wanting; radials straight or curved; stem rarely more than 15 cm. long, flaccid. 8. E. FENDLERI. 8. Central spine straight, porrect; accessory centrals usually present on some of the areoles; stem rarely less than 15 em. long, firm (9). 9. Spines 1 to 2.5 em. long, stout, rigid; stems 1 to 5 in number, 8 ii Can. Lone = oe eee 9. E. RECTISPINUS. 9. Spines 2.5 to 6 em. long, flexible; stems as many as 15, 25 to 45 EEE Se a een eee sd 10. E. ROBUSTUS. 1. Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848. Echinocereus arizonicus Orcutt, Cactography 3: 3. 1926. Graham, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, mountains, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, "Apr il and May. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. The flowers are usually larger than those of the 2 following species, attaining alengthof6or7cem. E. polyacanthus (pl. 22) is understood by the writers to embrace a variety of forms, including E. arizonicus, which has short wool in the axils of the hypanthium scales. The type locality of £. arizonicus is the Pinal Mountains, Pinal County. A. A. Nichol has verbally reported having collected living plants of E. triglo- chidiatus Engelm. near Fort Defiance, Apache County, in 1935. This species, which occurs in Colorado, Utah, western Texas, and New Mexico, has scarlet 598 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE flowers, few strongly angled deep-green stems with 5 to 8 ribs, and spines 3 to 8 in number, spreading, frequently all radial. 2. Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 94. 1848. Eastern half of the State, mountains, 4,000 to 9,000 feet, common, May to July. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 3. Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelm. and Bigel.) Riimpler in Forst., Handb. Cact. ed. 2, 803. 1886. Cereus mojavensis Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sem (eroess: 281-2 misao: Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet. Southern Utah and northern Arizona to southeastern California. 4. Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rose, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 12: 293. 1909. Cereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and SCL eroc. 34279" Misa Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky situations, June to August. Arizona and northern Sonora. Rainbow cactus. Central spines are wanting in EF. rigidissimus. Plants having 2 to 7 (usually 4 or 5) central spines have been collected several times in southern Cochise County (Perilla Mountains, Harlan in 1939). This form may be referable to E. pectinatus (Scheid.) Engelm., although that rare species is known to occur only in Mexico far from the boundary. Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm. has been reported from Arizona, but the writers have not seen any Arizona material. This species has central spines and large, lemon-yellow flowers. — 5. Echinocereus ledingii Peebles, Cactus and Succulent Jour. 8: 35. 1936. Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County, the type locality, 4,500 to 6,000 feet, May. Known only from Arizona. Specimens have been collected only from the type locality, but the species is reported by Nichol as occurring also in mountain ranges in Cochise and Pima Counties. 6. Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry) Riimpler in Forst., Handb. Cact: ed: 257805, 1886) Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Pima and Yuma Counties, up to 5,000 feet, common, February to May. Southern Utah to Sonora and Baja California. A common and variable species. Ordinarily spines of more than one color occur at the same areole, and they may be white, brown, black, or yellow, opaque or rarely translucent. 7. Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni Orcutt, Cactography 3: 4. 1926. (Reprinted in Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 677. 1938.) Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, Graham, and Pinal Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, April and May. Known only from Arizona. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 21 WWUE; tits, thy) 4 Sinita (Cereus schottii). The pink flowers open in the evening. Note the twisted spines. Photographed at Sacaton on a cultivated plant at 9 a. m., April 25. 600 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Stems several to many; ribs 13 to 21, narrow and acute, partially obscured by the spines; flowers yellow (4). 4. Seeds tessellate; spines glabrate__________ 2. E. XERANTHEMOIDES. 4. Seeds papillose; spines densely puberulent____ 3. E. PoLYCcEPHALUS. 2. Hypanthium and fruit glabrous, the scales orbicular-ovate, obtuse, finely ciliate; spines densely puberulent; stem normally solitary, 0.5 to 3 m. high; seeds reticulate and also somewhat tuberculate; flowers mainly yellow, but the perianth segments usually with a differently colored central stripe (5). 5. Central spines usually brown or gray and hooked; stem thick, barrellike, the circumference approximating the length; inner perianth segments with a broad purplish central stripe (6). 6. Bristlelike spines wanting; spines variable, often not hooked, not rarely as thitkvas wider: 2882 S27 = ee oo ee ee 4, KE. COVILLEI. 6. Bristlelike spines borne on the margin of the areole; spines hooked, Hattened sc see sores ope. WA 8 oe tO ee 5. E. WISLIZENI. 5. Central spines pink, red, or rarely straw-colored; stem of mature plants thinner, not barrellike; bristlelike spines normally borne on the mar- gins of the areoles; inner perianth segments with a narrow reddish central stripe, or entirely yellow (7). 7. Central spines commonly deflexed or ascending, usually not much twisted, ‘rarely shooked= eis ts aaa ee 6. E. LECONTEI. 7. Central spines porrect, commonly twisted and hooked. 1. Fruit thin-walled, dry, dehiscent by longitudinal fissure or rarely by a basal orifice, persisting only a few weeks; plant small, rarely 50 em. high; stem solitary; spines not annulate, nearly always glabrous; seeds prevailingly papillose or tuberculate (8). 8. Ribs obsolete, the distinct tubercles arranged in spiral rows; spines not hooked (9). 9. Central spines terete, rigid, straight, at first nearly black; perianth seg- ments conspicuously fringed; hypanthium scales fringed; lower tu- bercles spiniferous; flowers yellowish______________-_ 12. E. SInERI. 9. Central spines strongly flattened and grooved, flexible, curved-ascending, chartaceous, ashy white; perianth segments entire; hypanthium scales entire or very sparsely lacerate-toothed; lower tubercles unarmed; flowers white; seeds tessellate______________ 3. E. PAPYRACANTHUS. 8. Ribs evident; hypanthium scales broad, erose or ciliate, in fruit chartaceous 10 10. One or more of the lower central spines strongly hooked, the upper central erect, not hooked, often whitened, subulate, and strongly flattened; flowers greenish yellow or magenta___________-_ 11. E. WHIPPLEI. 10. None of the spines hooked or flattened, all uniformly pink or red (11). 11. Central spines 4 to 9, all alike, straight or slightly curved; flowers yellow or Magenta. v oo ee ee 8. E. JOHNSONI. 11. Central spines 1 to 4 (if more than 1, then dissimilar), straight; flowers pink (12). 12. Central spines 1 or 2, rarely several, the upper one long and erect, the lower porrect and commonly much shorter. 9. E. ERECTOCENTRUS. 12. Central spines about 4, one very short and porrect, the upper ones appressed and otherwise like the radials-_ 10. E. INTERTEXTUs. 1. Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 19. 1839. Silver Bell, Pima County, 2,600 feet, May and June. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 2. Echinocactus xeranthemoides (Engelm.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. LO ee LO Echinocactus polycephalus var. xeranthemoides Engelm. ex Coult., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 3: 358. 1896. Coconino and Mohave Counties. Southern Utah and Arizona. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 23 Barrel cactus or bisnaga (Echinocactus wislizent), in Pima County, altitude 3,500 feet. The stem, which is more than 6 feet high, is inclined toward the south. Hak a al my yank them FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 601 3. Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 276. 1856. Mohave and Yuma Counties, desert regions at low altitudes, flower- ing February and March. Arizona, southern California, and north- western Sonora. In this species, and in E. zeranthemoides, the plant is normally many-stemmed, forming mounds. 4. Echinocactus covillei (Britt. and Rose) Berger, Kakteenkunde. Yao > 1929. Ferocactus covillei Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 245.0. 132. W222. Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 4,500 feet, June to. August. Arizona and northern Sonora. 5. Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 96. 1848. Ferocactus wislizeni Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pay. 248. 3: 127... 1922: ? Echinocactus emoryi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Gieenlee and Cochise Counties to Maricopa and Pima Counties, up to at least 4,500 feet, July to September. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. This species (pl. 23) and the preceding are the 2 largest barrel cacti in Arizona. A specimen 11 feet high has been called to the authors’ attention by Frank A. Thackery. 6. Echinocactus lecontei Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 274. 1856. Ferocactus lecontei Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 3: 1292 1922. Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,500 feet, April and May. Southern Utah to Baja California, Arizona, and Sonora. This species appears to intergrade with, or simulate, E. acanthodes. 7. Echinocactus acanthodes Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 106. 1839. Ferocactus acanthodes Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pube24ye5-: 129. 1922: Ferocactus rostii Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 3: 146. 1922. Echinocactus hertrichii Weinberg, Desert Plant Life 1:40. 1929. Yuma County, up to 3,000 feet, April to June. Southern Nevada to Arizona and Baja California. 8. Echinocactus johnsoni Parry ex Engelm. in King, Geol. Expl. AGphe, hy oeat fn aS eee Ferocactus johnsoni Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub: 248.3: 141. W022. Mohave and Yuma Counties, up to 3,000 feet, April. Southwestern Utah to California, and Arizona. 602 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Beehive cactus. The flowers are magenta in the typical form. The form bearing greenish-yellow flowers (var. lutescens Parish) is more common in Arizona. 9. Echinocactus erectocentrus Coult., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herba- rium 3: 376. 1896. Echinomastus erectocentrus Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 3: 148. 1922. Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 4,500 feet, March and Apri, type from Cochise County. Known only from Arizona. An atypical form with the lower central spine exceptionally long and stout and the upper central not strictly erect was collected near Florence, Pinal County (Lindsay in 1939). 10. Echinocactus intertextus Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Broce! oir al Soo: Echinomastus intertextus Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 3: 149. 1922. Sonoita, Santa Cruz County (Peebles and Loomis SF 186). South- western Texas to Arizona, and northern Mexico. 11, Echinocactus whipplei Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts) and oct. Eroc, 33271) elS8ae: . Sclerocactus whipple. Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub2482 3:02 se LOZ. Apache County to Mohave County, 4,900 to 7,200 feet, June, type from Navajo County. Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah, and Arizona. Large specimens 20 to 25 cm. high differ from descriptions in having as many as 7 central spines and the upper central shorter than the lower ones, much like the radials and not broadly subulate. Echinocactus polyancistrus Engelm. and Bigel., of Utah, Nevada, and California, has been reported from Mohave County. According to descriptions, it has a glabrous style and upper central spine 6 to 13 cm. long. In H. whipplei the style is puberulent and the upper central spine is 2 to 6 em. long. 12. Echinocactus sileri Engelm. ex Coult., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium 323 Onuaksoos Utahia sileri Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. Be Oe! Os. Type from Cottonwood Springs and Pipe Springs, “southern Utah”’ (Siler in 1888). Pipe Springs is located in northern Mohave County, and in all probability the type specimen was collected in Arizona. In specimens from Pipe Springs (Lindsay in 1939, Peebles and Parker 14692) the tubercles are distinct, although in large plants they are crowded together toward the base of the stem in riblike rows. The spines are exceedingly persistent, and toward the base of old plants become whitened, shreddy, and greatly weathered. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 603 13. Echinocactus papyracanthus Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 198. 1863. Mammillaria papyracantha Engelm. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 49. 1849. Toumeya papyracantha Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 3:91. 1922. Near Showlow, Navajo County, about 6,500 feet (Bumstead in 1935), May. Northern New Mexico and Arizona. 4. MAMMILLARIA. FISHHOOK CACTUS, PINCUSHION CACTUS Small or low plants with short, solitary to numerous, turbinate or hemispheric to cylindric, 1-jointed stems, these furnished with crossing spiral rows of distinct teatlike tubercles; spines straight or hooked; flowers borne in the axils of the tubercles or on the tubercles at the base of a groove, funnelform, diurnal, lasting several days; hypan- thium scales usually ciliate, not extending to the ovary; fruit a smooth berry; seeds usually pitted. Key to the species 1. Tubercles grooved from apex to middle or base; flowers borne at apex cf the stem, or laterally in M. recurvata (2). 2. Spines yellow, the centrals more or less curved or even hooked; flowers yellow; berry green; seeds red or reddish brown, delicately reticulate or tessellate, shining (3). 3. Tubercles short, crowded; central spines 1 to 2 cm. long, curved-reflexed; radials shorter, appressed; stems several to many, obscured by spines, 10 to 20 em. thick, broadly cylindric, the apex depressed; flowers borne well below the summit of the stem; berry about 8 mm. long; seeds Reeypraa tad ata ee a ee, SR 1. M. REcURVATA. 3. Tubercles 15 to 30 mm. long, often with large glands in the grooves, widely spaced except toward the base of the stem; central spines 30 to 40 mm. long, stout, usually curved; stem not obscured by spines; fruit 4 to 6 cm. long, slender; seeds 3.5 mm. long (4). 4. Central spines i to 4, curved but rarely hooked; stem usually solitary. M. ENGELMANNII. 4. Central spines 1 or rarely 2, stout, usually hooked; stems 1 to many. . M. ROBUSTISPINA. 2. Spines dark brown, whitish, or brown-tipped, straight; seeds red, pitted, 1 to 2.5 mm. long (5). 5. Flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, yellowish or pink; stems solitary or few, ovoid Oreeyuerie 0.) ee. ee oe ete 4. M. cHLORANTHA. 5. Flowers 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, pink; stems solitary, few, or numerous in con- gested mounds, globose to ovoid (6). 6. Inner perianth segments oblanceolate, pale pink; central spines white Wit MamKsrOW na tIPSe 5 ews 4g 5. M. AGGREGATA. 6. Inner perianth segments lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, darker pink; central spines mostly dark brown_____________-_ 6. M. ARIZONICA. 1. Tubereles without a groove or shortly and indistinctly grooved at apex; flowers borne below the apex of the stem, or subvertical in M/. wilcoaii (7). 7. Juice milky; stem turbinate or hemispheric; spines not hooked; seeds small, red, translucent, vertically rugose, the deep depressions (pits) elongate and about as wide as the ridges (8). 8. Outer perianth segments erose or fimbriate; flowers greenish yellow; radial SPINES tones ae eee. PE ho he 13. M. MACDOUGALII. 8. Outer perianth segments entire, somewhat crispate; flowers pink; radial piiites Ape ee Sat Ie 14. M. HEYDERI. 604 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. Juice clear; stem cylindric, ovoid, or hemispheric; some of the spines hooked (rarely so in M. oliviae); seeds black or dark brown, commonly opaque, when pitted the depressions circular or somewhat angled but not elongate (9). 9. Central spines rarely hooked, usually straight and short; stem ovoid to cylindric; berry clavate, scarlet, 20 to 25 mm. long; seeds black, pitted. 1 eM OLTV RAE: 9. Central spines hooked (10). 10. Seeds coarsely rugose and finely reticulate, dark brown, 2 mm. long, the hilum greatly enlarged, corky, light brown; stem ovoid to cylindric; berry obovoid-clavate, scarlet, 10 to 20 mm. long; central spines 1 to 4 at an areole, 1 or all hooked__ 7. M. TETRANCISTRA. 10. Seeds smaller, pitted, the hilum not enlarged (11). 11. Spines yellow; stem hemispheric; berry obovoid, scarlet or red, 5 to 7 mm. long Eee See: een Serer er eae Rtas Sues eT 8. M. MAINAE. 11. Spines not yellow, in various combinations of white and dark reddish brown (12). 12. Plants colonizing freely; stem flaccid, rarely more than 12 em. long and 3 cm. in diameter; berry obovoid to clavate, scarlet, (tO Voi, plone. ee A a ee 9. M. FASCICULATA. 12. Plant solitarv; stem rarely less than 5 em. in diameter GhS)e 13. Berry searlet, clavate, 12 to 25mm. long; stem ovoid to cylindric, firm; perianth segments spreading, pink with white margin; spines Glabrous tf be BE ree es 10. M. MicROCARPA. 13. Berry green or purplish, ov roid to subglobose, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, borne at or near the apex of the stem; perianth seements erect with spreading tips, pink, straw-colored, or greenish white; stem hemispheric to eylindric, flaccid; spines clabrous or pubescentas 425s =e =e 12. M. witcoxi. 1. Mammillaria recurvata Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 202. 1863. Coryphantha recurvata Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pubs 248.472 e925) Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz County, about 4,500 feet, July. Arizona and Sonora. A single plant may have as many as 50 stout stems. 2. Mammillaria engelmannii Cory, Rhodora 38: 405. 1936. Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Poselger, Allg. Gartenztg. 21: 102. 1853. (Not Mammillaria muehlenpfordti Forst. 1847.) Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4: 28. 1923. Paradise to San Simon, Cochise County, about 4,000 feet (Loomis and Peebles S. F. 200), July. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. The stem is lar ge for the genus, occasionally attaming a height of about 30 cm. 3. Mammillaria robustispina Schott ex Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 265. 1856. Coryphantha robustispina Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4: 33. 1923. ; Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, 2,500 to 6,000 feet, July. Arizona and northern Sonora. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 605 4. Mammillaria chlorantha Engelm. in Rothr., U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Rpt. 6: 127. 1878. Coryphantha chlorantha Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4:48. 1923. Reported from Mohave County. Southwestern Utah and south- eastern California. In M. chlorantha the central spines are 6 to 9 in number, 25 mm. long, and the flowers yellowish or greenish yellow. MM. deserti Engelm.., which has fewer central spines and the perianth segments purplish tipped, also has been reported from Mohave County. M. alversonii (Coult.) Zeissold, a pink-flowered species with 12 to 14 central spines, occurs in southern California. 5. Mammillaria.aggregata Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Coryphantha aggregata Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4:47. 19238. Southeastern quarter of the State, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, common in rocky situations, May. New Mexico and Arizona. In Cactaceae of the Ives Exploration, Engelmann treated J7/. aggregata as synonymous with Echinocereus coccineus Engelm., but in the sketch on which the original description is based the tubercles are arranged in crossed spirals, indicating that Emory’s plant is not an Echinocereus. 6. Mammillaria arizonica Engelm. in Brewer and Wats., Bot. Calif. 1: 244. 1876. Coryphantha arizonica Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248.4:45. 1923. Apache County to Mohave, Gila, and Yavapai Counties, mostly north of the Mogollon Escarpment, common, :5,000 to 8,000 feet, May and June, type from northern Arizona. Southern Utah and Arizona. Plants grown at low altitude in southern Arizona retain the char- acteristically narrow, deep-pink perianth segments and dark spines. 7. Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 14: d0/. 1852. Phellosperma tetrancistra Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4: 60. 1923. Mohave, southern Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, low desert regions. Southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, Arizona, and southern California. 8. Mammillaria mainae K. Brandeg., Zoe 5: 31. 1900. Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, July. Arizona and Sonora. The plants occur on rocky hills but more commonly on plains with ironwood and mesquite. 606 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 9. Mammillaria fasciculata Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Graham (?), Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 3,000 feet, May and June, type from along the Gila River, Graham (?) County. Arizona and Sonora. This little fishhook cactus has great tolerance for saline soil and seems to show preference for deep soils. Although often abundant, the plants usually grow under shrubbery and are not easily found. 10. Mammillaria microcarpa Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Neomammillaria milleri Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4: 156. 1923. Western and southern Arizona up to 4,500 feet, common in both heavy and well-drained soil, June and July, type from Pinal County. Southern Utah to western Texas, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. A widespread and variable species (pl. 24). Neomammillaria milleri, type from near Phoenix, is one of the stout forms. 11. Mammuillaria oliviae Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 163. 1902. Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 4,500 feet, type from Pima County. Arizona and Sonora. , A neat plant, hoary with a dense covering of short, white, prevail- ingly straight spines. 12. Mammillaria wilcoxii Toumey ex Orcutt in Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 545. 1899. Neomammillaria viridiflora Britt. and Rose, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 248. 4: 153. 1923. Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County) and in Pinal, Graham, and Santa Cruz Counties, 2,500 to 5,000 feet or higher, May and June, type locality Arizona. Known oaly from Arizona. A variable endemic species not uncommon in the vicinity of Superior, Pinal County, near the type locality of N. wiridiflora. The original description of M. wilcoxi1 is incomplete and Toumey’s plant may never be identified with certainty. We have observed only greenish subglobose berries on plants of this nature, and have no evidence that the species bears scarlet clavate berries as implied by Britton and Rose (ibid. p. 69) in their key to the genus Neomammillaria. The Arizona plant is closely related to, or possibly identical with, M. barbata Engelm., a rare Mexican species. 13. Mammillaria macdougalii Rose in Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort. 4: 1982] 19M: Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, rocky situations, March and April, type from Pima County. Known only from Arizona. 14. Mammillaria heyderi Miihlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenztg. 16: 20. 1848. . Bisbee, Cochise County (Peebles SF 922), May. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. : Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 24 Fishhook cactus (Mammullaria microcarpa). Photograph of a plant cultivated at Sacaton. The flowers are pink. Poa ase aa! a) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 607 5. OPUNTIA ® Shrubs or herbaceous perennials with short-jointed stems; joints flattened or terete, often tuberculate but never ribbed; leaves small, fleshy, subulate, caducous; areoles furnished with glochids (barbed bristles); spines minutely barbed, at least at the tip, not hooked; floriferous and spiniferous areoles combined in one organ ; flowers diurnal ; hypanthium bearing scales resembling the leaves, the tube short; perianth segments usually broad, entire, spreading; fruit indehiscent, fleshy or dry, glochidiate, often spiny; seeds bony, compressed or angled, pallid. The flat-jointed kinds (pl. 25) are known as pricklypear, and those with edible fruits particularly as tuna. The vernacular term, cane cactus, is applied to species with cylindric joints (see pl. 26), and cholla to several of the especially spiny forms of this kind. In the Arizona species the flowers apparently remain fresh only one day. Some opuntias increase rapidly and become pes- tiferous on range land subjected to prolonged overgrazing. On the other hand, some of the species provide emergency feed. Cattle can feed on opuntias without undue injury, provided the spines are burned or the joints macerated. The genus presents many taxonomic difficulties, and satisfactory classification of the Arizona species is far from an accomplished fact. Diagnostic characters are often greatly altered by environment. Natural hybrids are not rare. Key to the species Joints flattened; spines not sheathed (2). 2. Fruit dry; ; plant small or low, rarely more than 0.5 m. high; areoles 5 to 15 mm. apart; joints inclined to be transv ersely marked or wrinkled (3). 3. Fruit not spiny (4). 4. Branches erect, 1-jointed; areoles deeply depressed; joints unarmed, densely puberulent ia AR Ae oe ne 1. O. BASILARIS. 4. Branches prostrate or low, several-jointed ; areoles depressed or level with the surface of the joint: joints unarmed or somewhat spiny, glabrous. 2. O. AUREA. 3. Fruit spiny; joints inclined to be tuberculate (5). 5. Joints readily detached, not more than 5 cm. long, often ovoid or sub- globose, spiny or unarmed; plant very small, low, with 1 to several branches, these 1- to several-jointed; flowers yellow. 3. O. FRAGILIS. 5. Joints firmly attached, 5 to 20 cm. long (6). 6. Areoles less than 10 mm. apart; spines appressed or strongly de- flexed, 1 to 3 cm. long; joints usually suborbicular, spiny on most of the surface; flowers pale yellow________ 4. O. POLYACANTHA. 6. Areoles mostly more than 10 mm. apart; spines not appressed, 3 to 15 cm. long; plants of the same species with either yellow or pink flowers (7). 7. Spines bristlelike, obscuring the surface of the joint, those at base of old joints flexuous and up to 20 em. long___ 6. O. URSINA. 7. Spines not bristlelike, often numerous but not obscuring the surface of the joint (8). 8. Spines 4 to 12 em. long, 4 or more at an areole; joints obovate, 8 to 15 em. long, not thickened, usually heavily armed over the entire purisee soot = eileen _ 5. QO. HYSTRICINA. “9 Reference: Bony C.H., and DAVIDSON, C. COLORADO CACTI. Cactus and Succulent Jour. 12 4-7, (sup.) 1940. 286744°—42——39 608 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 8. Spines 2 to 6 em. long (9). 9. Spines 4 or more at an areole, slender, acicular; joints 8 to 20 cm. long, elliptic or oblong, armed over the entire sur- face, usually thickened and even subterete. 7. O. ERINACEA. 9. Spines 1 to 4 at an areole, stout; joints 5 to 12 em. long, elliptic to obovate, spiny only on the upper half, often somewhat thickened i224 2-2 2s 8. O. RHODANTHA. 2. Fruit fleshy; flowers yellow (10). 10. Plant small or low, at most not more than 0.5 m. high; joints rarely more than 15 em. long, obovate or rarely orbicular, usually lead green, transversely marked or wrinkled, not tuberculate; areoles 15 to 25 mm. apart (11). 11. Roots definitely tuberous; spines 1 to 3 at an areole, mostly confined tO the Upper arecles === ase emer nly eg eae 9. O. PLUMBEA. 11. Roots not tuberous; spines 1 to several at an areole, often borne well down. on ‘the'sides of the jointe2= 222 =e 2a5 10. O. RAFINESQUEI. 10. Plant commonly large, bushy, more than 0.5 m. high; joints mostly more than 20 em. long, not tuberculate, not transversely marked (12). 12. Areoles 15 to 30 mm. apart; joints prevailingly orbicular, usually 6 to 10 mm. thick (13). 13. Principal spines deflexed or appressed, yellow, translucent, subseta- ceous, 2 to 4 em. long; joints yellowish green, usually crowded and orbicular, the areoles soon abundantly filled with large glochids 2 See 2 oye se eg ps a ere 11. O. CHLOROTICA. 13. Principal spines spreading, never appressed, opaque, reddish brown or darker, coarse, 4 to 7 em. long; joints purple-tinged (14). 14. Central spines wanting, or few and confined almost entirely to the upper margin; plant of erect bushy habit; joints crowded, orbicular:or ovate. 2 === eee 12. O. SANTA-RITA. 14. Central spines never wanting, produced from the sides as well as the margin of the joint; plant of rather open habit; joints not crowded, orbicular or obovate_-______-_ 13. O. MACROCENTRA. 12. Areoles 30 to 50 mm. apart; joints usually broadest above the middle, seldom less than 10 mm. thick (15). 15. Joints yellowish green, the spines short and few, or wanting; plant bushy (16). 16. Joints obovate-oblanceolate, nearly or quite spineless, asymmetric, 25 to 30 cm. long, often purple around the areoles; fruits mostly with a long:stipelike bases => 224" eee 14. O. LAEVIs. 16. Joints relatively broader, not entirely spineless; fruit not con- tracted at base, or shortly so (17). 17. Joints obovate, spiny on the upper margin and more or less so on the sides, rich yellow green, often purple around the areoles, inclined to be asymmetric, about 30 em. long; spines at first yellowish, soon whitened, on old joints darkened, deflexed, often curved, mostly less than 2.5 em. long. 15. O. GILVESCENS. 17. Joints orbicular-obovate, usually unarmed except along or near the upper margin, symmetrical, not purple aro und the areoles, 20 to 25 em. long; principal spines reddish brown toward the base, in age whitened, 2 to 3 (rarely 4.5) em. long. O. FLAVESCENS. 15. Joints commonly gray green, with more numerous and longer spines, obovate (18). 18. Branches prostrate or decumbent; joints 15 to 25 em. long ; princi- pal spines not appreciably flattened or angled, straight, 'spread- ing, often spirally twisted, 5 to 6 em. long, reddish brown, variegated, or whitened; center of the flower darkened. 17. O. PHAEACANTHA. 18. Branches ascending or erect, or the lowermost prostrate, forming a bushy plant; joints commonly more than 25 em. long; principal spines stout, more or less angled or flattened, slightly curved, 2 to 4 em. long, the lower or lowest deflexed and whitened, those at the facial areoles arranged in a characteristic figure somewhat resembling a bird’s foot; center of the flowers only slightly darkened= 25. son eee 18. O, ENGELMANNII. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 609 1. Joints not flattened (19). 19. Spines sheathed only at the tip, strongly flattened, scabrous; plant low, creeping; joints more or less clavate; base of the fruit contracted (20). 20. Principal spines flattened, but slender and not daggerlike; joints 2.5 to 7 cm. Jong, narrowly clavate: flowers purple____ 19. O. PULCHELLA. 20. Principal spines usually daggerlike, sharply 2-edged; joints broader; flowers yellow (21). 21. Tubercles tending to be confluent in more or less distinct rows; joints subeylindric, narrowed only toward the base, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 tosbem, thick: 2=.» 5 fiue nee 4 se, oles ks 23. O. WRIGHTIANA. 21. Tubercles all distinct; joints tapering from near the apex to the base (22). 22, MOMS Mostly 5.404 Cm Jane oe 255 6 ee ole 20. O. PARISHII. 22. Joints mostly more than 7 cm. long (23). 23. Joints very stout, 3 to 5.5 em. thick, 10 to 20 cm. long; tubercles 25 to 45 mm. long, 8 to 11 mm. wide, 10 to 15 mm. high. 21. QO. STANLYI. 23. Joints not so stout, 2 to 3.5 em. thick, 8 to 10 or 15 em. long; tubercles 10 to 30 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 5 to 10 mm. high. 22. QO. KUNZEI. 19. Spines completely invested with a loose, papery sheath, minutely barbed but not scabrous; plant not creeping (except in low forms of O. whipplez), bushy or arborescent; joints cylindric (24). 24. Ultimate joints rarely more than 1.5 cm. thick; spines usually fewer than 6 at an arcole (25). 25. Joints tessellate with somewhat rhombic tubercles; fruit dry, bristly; joints gray, often purple-tinged_____---_~- 24. O. RAMOSISSIMA. 25. Joints not tessellate; fruit fleshy (26). 26. Fruit conspicuously tuberculate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long; plant erect, or low and creeping; joints prominently tuberculate; principal spines 1 to 4; flowers greenish yellow___________-- 35. O. WHIPPLEI. 26. Fruit not tuberculate when fully mature (27). 27. Flowers purplish; spines 1 to 6, commonly 4, at an areole; tubercles long, narrow, rather prominent but not crowded; plant an openly branched shrub about 1 m. high without a definite trunk; fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long, scarlet-tinged. 26. O. TETRACANTHA. 27. Flowers yellow (28). 28. Flowers greenish yellow; principal spines 1 to 4 at an areole; joints strongly “tuberculate, the tubercles crowded and only about twice as long as mide ae 35. O. WHIPPLEI. 28. Flowers bronze yellow; spines usually solitary at the areoles of the ultimate joints; tubercles low, not prominent, not crowded (29). 29. Fruit 2.5 to 4 em. long, greenish yellow, obovoid or clavate, | often proliferous; ultimate joints 7 to 10 mm. in diameter. | 25. O. ARBUSCULA. 29. Fruit 10 to 18 mm. long, obovoid, scarlet; branches 3 to 5 mm, thick; plant less than 1 m. high, sparingly branched except toward the base._________ 27. O..LEPTOCAULIS. 24. Ultimate joints more than 1.5 em. thick; spines 6 to 30 at an areole (30). 30. Fruit not persisting for more than 1 season (31). 31. Fruit fleshy, bristly with numerous setaceous, readily detached spines; joints 3 to 5 em. thick, clavate, impenetrably armed, readily detached; tubercles nearly as broad as long, somew hat 4-sided; spines and sheaths straw- colored; flowers greenish yellow, the outer segments pink-tinged__-__.______ 28. O. BIGELOVII. 31. Fruit dry, the spines stout, firmly attached; joints less than 3 em. thick (32). 32. Ultimate joints mostly less than 10 em. long; tubercles about twice as long as wide, not strongly compressed except in new growth; plant typically with a well-developed trunk and very dense crown, 1 to 1.5 m. high; flowers greenish yellow. ; 29. O. ECHINOCARPA. 32. Ultimate joints mostly 15 to 30 cm. long; tubercles twice or thrice as long as wide, strongly Senet trunk rarely well de- veloped (33). 610 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 33. Joints rather weakly armed; spines less than 2.5 em. long, the sheaths not conspicuous; plant 1 to 2 m. high; flowers yellow, red, Or rarely purple #22 see en Sate ares 30. O. THORNBERI. 33. Joints strongly armed; spines numerous, the principal ones more than 2.5 em. long, conspicuously sheathed; plant 1.5 to 3 (rarely up to 5) m. high ___ _____ 31. O. ACANTHOCARPA. 30. Fruit persisting for more than 1| season, fleshy; plant 2 to 4 m. high (34). 34. Mature fruit evidently tuberculate, solitary; joints 1.5 to 3 em. thick; tubercles 6 to 15 mm. long; spines 10 to 15 mm. long; flowers purple, occasionally red or yellow____-_ 34. O. SPINOSIOR. 34. Mature fruit slightly or not at all tuberculate (35). 35. Joints readily detached, impenetrably armed, 3 to 5 em. thick, pale green; spines and sheaths straw-colored; fruits proliferous, suspended in chainlike clusters; flowers pink:_ 32. O.FULGIDA. 35. Joints not readily detached, very spiny but not impenetrably armed, about 2.5 em. thick, elongate, usually purplish; spines dark-colored; fruits solitary or sparingly proliferous; flowers commonly purple, occasionally red or yellow. 33. O. VERSICOLOR. 1. Opuntia basilaris Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 298. 1856. Mohave, Yavapai, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,000 feet, March and April, type from Mohave County. Southern Utah to southern California, Arizona, and Sonora. Beavertail cactus (pl. 25). The typical form is a handsome plant with large, velvety, ash-gray joints and magenta flowers with some- what crispate perianth segments. 2. Opuntia aurea Baxter, Cactus and Succulent Jour. 5: 489. 1933. Northern Mohave County, type from Pipe Springs, about 5,000 feet, May. Eastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and Arizona. The flowers are either yellow or pink. The fruit has not been seen by the writers, although in the key to species it is assumed to be dry and spineless. An amazing variety of forms was observed at the type locality. The areoles are not always deeply depressed and the joints vary greatly in size, thickness, and color. Plants with spines along the margin and on the upper areoles are not uncommon. Opuntia rhodantha occurs at Pipe Springs and it seems probable that some of the variant forms are the result of natural crossing. 3. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw., Sup. Pl. Succ. 82. 1819. Cactus fragilis Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 296. 1818. Apache County to Coconino County, 6,500 to 7,500 feet, with pines, June. Wisconsin to British Columbia, south to Texas and Arizona. 4. Opuntia polyacantha Haw., Sup. Pl. Succ. 82. 1819. Apache County to Coconino County, 6,000 to 7,200 feet, June. Alberta to North Dakota, Washington, Texas, and Arizona. A widely ranging and variable species. The var. trichophora (Engelm. and Bigel.) Coult., distinguished by long flexuous bristle- like spines at the base of old joints, is not uncommon in the north- eastern part of the State. The typical form appears to be rare in Arizona. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture * eos . %. ® Sa * wR. oR, PEATE 25 — (Se _ © * * ee Se, ee STR gy 3 Ss : : * Ss -& @ * 2 * es go Beavertail cactus (Opuntia basilaris). Photograph of a plant cultivated Sacaton. The largest joint is 11 inches long. Note the depressed areoles. at ml & v th, ey ee erly ieee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 611 5. Opuntia hystricina Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 299. 1856. Apache County to Coconino County, 4,500 to 6,500 feet, common, May and June, type from Coconino ‘County. New Mexico and Arizona. ~ A form found in the vicinity of Navajo Bridge, Coconino County, is characterized by extremely coarse, white spines and rather large joints, but it may not be properly referable to 0. hystricina. On sandy soil between Chinle and Ganado, Apache County, O. hystricina has become pestiferous in its great abundance. In that locality the yellow and pink color phases are equally represented. 6. Opuntia ursina Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort. 189. 1899. Near Littlefield, Mohave County, 2,700 feet (Peebles SF 1007). Southern Nevada, Arizona, and southeastern California. 7. Opuntia erinacea Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 301. 1856. Northern Apache County and Mohave County, 3,000 to 5,200 feet, May and June. Southern Utah and Nevada, Arizona, and eastern California. 8. Opuntia rhodantha Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen 735. 1899. Apache County to Mohave County, 4,500 to 7,200 feet, common, May and June. Western Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. The flowers are prevailingly, possibly always, pink or apricot pink. 9. Opuntia plumbea Rose, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 50: 524. 1908. Opuntia delicata Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 13: 310. 1911. Opuntia loomisii Peebles, Cactus and Succulent Jour. 9: 109. 1938. Apache County to Mohave, Yavapai, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 7,500 feet, common in juniper and pine forests, May and June, type from Gila County, types of O. delicata and O. loomisii from Santa Cruz and Yavapai Counties, respectively. New Mexico and Arizona. The flowers are yellow when fresh, but in the afternoon often change to shades of red or orange. 10. Opuntia rafinesquei Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 295. 1856. Opuntia cymochila Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., ibid. 3: 144. 1856. Opuntia stenochila Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., ibid. Apache County to northern Mohave County, not common, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, May and June. Wisconsin to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 11. Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 291. 1856. ‘Throughout most of the State, except in the northeastern quarter, common, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, flow ering in spring, type from Mohave 612 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE County. Southern Utah to Baja California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora. : Pancake-pear, silverdollar cactus. 12. Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths and Hare) Rose, Smithsn. Inst. | Misc. Collect. 52: 195. 1908. | Opuntia chlorotica var. santa-rita Griffiths and Hare, N. Mex. Aer. Expt. Sta. Bul. 60: 64. 1906. Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, flowering in spring, type from the Celero Mountains. Arizona and probably Sonora. Santa-rita cactus. The combination of bright-yellow flowers and purple joints is very attractive, and the plant is often grown for ornament. OQ. santa-rita is closely related to O. gosseliniana Weber. Specimen plants on the campus of the University of Arizona that seem to belong to the latter species were collected by A. A. Nichol in western Pima County. This species of Sonora and Baja Cali- fornia has the erect habit of O. santa-rita, but the joints are well armed on the sides. In Nichol’s specimens, the principal spines are long and brown, and the secondary spines, when present, are strongly | deflexed or appressed. 13. Opuntia macrocentra Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. ; 3:292. 1856. | Greenlee County to Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, April and May. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 14. Opuntia laevis Coult., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 3: 419. 1896. Gila, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 4,500 feet, in- frequent, April and May, type from Pima County. Known only from Arizona. Spineless cactus. The plant sometimes attains a height of 3 or 4 m. in protected and otherwise favorable situations. 15. Opuntia gilvescens Griffiths, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 20: 87. 1909. Pima and Santa Cruz Counties, 3,500 to 4,500 feet, infrequent in arroyos and on detrital slopes, type from Pima County. Known only from Arizona. This species is closely related to O. laevis Coult. 16. Opuntia flavescens Peebles, Cactus and Succulent Jour. 9: 67. 1937 Pima County, 2,500 to 3,500 feet, April and May, type from near Sells. Known only from Arizona. Closely related to O. phaeacantha Engelm., but the plant is larger and of bushy habit. In southeastern Arizona plants with the gen- eral character of O. flavescens but with more numerous and longer spines are not infrequently encountered. They should, perhaps, be referred to O. flavescens rather than to O. phaeacantha. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 613 17. Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 52. 1849. Opuntia tortispina Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 293. 1856. Throughout most of the State, 1,200 to 7,500 feet, common, April toJune. Colorado, Utah, and Arizona to Texas and northern Mexico. O. procumbens Engelm. and Bigel. and O. angustata Engelm. and Bigel., both known only from Arizona, probably are merely infrequent variants of O. phaeacantha. The twisted spines ascribed to O. torti- spina Engelm. and Bigel. are not of diagnostic importance. The writers assume that Boissevain and Davidson (see footnote 89, p. 607) are correct in referring to O. rafinesquei Engelm., the plant regarded by Britton and Rose as O, tortispina. The writers have seen no local material of OC. tenuispina Engelm., although the species is reported from Arizona. Specimens from southern New Mexico, supplied by A. R. Leding, do not appear to be very closely related to O. phaea- cantha. ‘The joints are rather small, exceedingly spiny, and transversely wrinkled, and the fruits are not more than 3 cm. long. 18. Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm., Boston Jour. Nat. Bist. 629207. 1850. Opuntia discata Griffiths, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 266. 1908. ? Opuntia canada Griffiths, ibid. 20: 90. 1909. Throughout the southern part of the State, common or abundant, 1,000 to 6,500 feet or somewhat higher, April to June. Texas to Arizona, and Mexico. In Arizona the plants are somewhat variable but usually recog- nizable, 0.5 to 1.5 m. high, the joints obovate, 20 to35cm.long. A very robust form, often mistaken for the form described by Griffiths as O. discata but ‘apparently undescribed, is common in the south- eastern counties. The plant is often 2 m. high and 3 m. in diameter. The joints are orbicular or slightly rhombic, 30 to 45 cm. long. The type plants of O. discata and O. canada were found in Pima County. O. engelmannii has become a pest on some cattle ranges but has potential value as feed in times of drought. *19. Opuntia pulchella Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 201. 1863. Corynopuntia pulchella Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 115. 1935. Reported from Arizona and to be looked for in northern Mohave County. Nevada. 20. Opuntia parishii Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 10: 81. 1896. Corynopuntia parishii Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 115. 1935. Thirty-five miles north of Hackberry, Mohave County (Zvans in 1935). Nevada, Arizona, and southern California. Opuntia clavata Engelm. is reported from Apache and Navajo Counties. White spines distinguish this New Mexican species from O. parishit. 614 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 21. Opuntia stanlyi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. 1848. Corynopuntia stanly: Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 114. 1985. Greenlee, Graham, Gila, and Pinal Counties, common, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, June. Southwestern New Mexico and Arizona. 22. Opuntia kunzei Rose, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 50: 505. 1908. Pinal and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 2,000 feet, June, type from Pima County. Known only from Arizona. 23. Opuntia wrightiana (Baxter) Peebles, Desert Plant Life 9: 43. 1937. Grusoma wrightiana Baxter, California Cactus 58. 1935. Western Pima County and Yuma County, 500 to 2,000 feet, May and June, type from Yuma County. Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora. Closely related to Opuntia kunzei, but the joints are larger, differ- ently shaped, and even more heavily armed. The distinguishing characters are not well marked in plants found in extreme western Pima County. 24. Opuntia ramosissima Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. cer. 2, 14: 339. 1852. Cylindropuntia ramosissima Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kak- tus-ABC 122. 1935. Mohave, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, 500 to 2,000 feet, May to September. Southwestern Utah and Nevada to Sonora and California. 25. Opuntia arbuscula Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 309. 1856. Cylindropuntia arbuscula Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 1235, 7 1935- Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 3,000 feet, May and June, type from Pinal County. Arizona and Sonora. Pencil cholla (pl. 26). Typically an arborescent shrub with com- pactly branched crown and well-developed trunk, but not infrequently the plant is less than 1 m. high and openly branched. The Papago Indians utilized the young joints of the pencil cholla and similar species as a boiled vegetable, but probably only in times of want. The obscure tubercles and large fruits of Opuntia vivipara Rose, which is known only from a few plants in the vicinity of Tucson, Pima County, indicate relation- ship with O. arbuscula. On the other hand, O. vivipara resembles O. tetracantha in having 1 to 4 spines at an areole, these only 2 to 4 cm. long, and purplish flowers. 26. Opuntia tetracantha Toumey, Gard. and Forest 9: 432. 1896. Oylindropuntia tetracantha Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 24. lO3 55 Cochise, Pinal, and Pima Counties, infrequent, May, type from Pima County. Known only from Arizona. Miscellaneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 26 Pencil cholla (Opuntia arbuscula), in Pinal County, altitude 1.000 feet. The plant is 414 feet high and represents the typical form with a densely branched crown and a definite trunk. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 615 27. Opuntia leptocaulis DC., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Mém. 17: 118. 1828. Cylindropuntia leptocaulis Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 122. 1955: Southern Arizona, 1,000 to 5,000 feet, May and June. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. Common and variable, especially in respect to development of the spines, but the small scarlet fruits, very slender stems, and small size of the plant mark the species well. 28. Opuntia bigelovii Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 3: 307. 1856. Cylindropuntia bigelovit Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABG 125... W945: Western and southern Arizona, up to 3,000 feet, commen on talus slopes, February to May, type from Mohave County. Southwestern Utah and southern Nevada to Sonora and Baja California. Jumping cholla, teddybear cactus. The plants occur in abundance on warm slopes of desert mountains. The combination of barbed spines and densely armed, very easily detached joints has earned profound respect for this formidable cholla. 29. Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 305. 1856. Cylindropuntia echinocarpa Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kak- tus-ABC 124. 1935. Mohave and Yuma Counties, up to 3,000 feet, April, type from Mohave County. Southwestern Utah and southern Nevada to Ari- zona and Baja California. 30. Opuntia thornberi Thornber and Bonker, Fantastic Clan 133. 1932. Southern Yavapai County to Graham and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 3,500 feet, foothills and detrital slopes, April and May, type from southern Arizona. Known only from Arizona. 31. Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 308. 1856. Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 124. 1935. Mohave, Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, common, 500 to 3,500 feet, flowering in spring, type from Mohave County. Southwestern Utah and southern Nevada to Sonora and southern California. The typical form is a robust plant of open habit, commonly 2 to 3 m. high, with the younger branches ascending at acute angles and the joints at least 2.5 em. thick. In var. ramosa Peebles the plant is bushy, 1 or 2 m. high, with joints less than 2.5 em. thick and the flowers red, yellow, or variegated. The Pima Indians use the flower buds of var. ramosa for food. The product, which is prepared by a steaming process, keeps well and is eaten as needed, usually in com- bination with pinole or saltbush greens. 616 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 32. Opuntia fulgida Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 306. LS oOs ae Cylindropuntia fulgida Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 126. 1935. Southern Arizona, up to 4,000 feet, common, June to August. Arizona to Sinaloa. Cholla. The var. mammillata (Schott) Coult., which is distinguished by less densely armed joints, occurs with the typical form but often replaces the latter at the higher elevations. Cattle relish the fruits of both forms and will eat the viciously armed joints if the spines are scorched. In fact, a few cattle acquire a taste for this cholla and actually eat the spiny joints as they occur in nature. The reticulate stems are used in the manufacture of small articles of furniture, such as picture frames and lampstands. 33. Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Coult., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium 3: 452. 1896. Cylindropuntia versicolor Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 125. 1935. Pinal and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 4,000 feet, common, May, type from Pima County. Arizona and northern Mexico. Deerhorn or staghorn cholla. 34. Opuntia spinosior (Engelm. and Bigel.) Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 1 9e Sos: Opuntia whippler var. spinosior Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 3: 307. 1856. Cylindropuntia spinosior Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABE IZ6> (1985; Yavapai County to Greenlee, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, occasionally higher, common, May and June, type from southern Arizona. Western New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. An apparent hybrid between O. spinosior and O. fulgida is rather abundant in the bed of the Gila River between Florence and Casa Blanca, Pinal County. The hybrid plants propagate freely by means of fallen joints. 35. Opuntia whipplei Engelm. and Bigel. in Engelm., Amer. Acad- Arts andisel. Proc: 3: 307 «ial Soop Cylindropuntia whippler Knuth in Back. and Knuth, Kaktus- ABC 124.» 1935. Apache County to Mohave, Yavapai, and Gila Counties, 3,500 to 6,500 feet, common, Juneand July. Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah, western New Mexico, and Arizona. The var. enodis Peebles, characterized by nontuberculate, shallowly umbilicate fruits, is known only from the type collection on Hualpai Mountain, Mohave County, 4,200 feet (Kearney and Peebles SF 883). The fruits of O. whipplei are utilized by the Hopi Indians for food and for seasoning food. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 617 86. ELAEAGNACEAE. OLEASTER FAMILY Shrubs or small trees, scurfy-pubescent with stellate hairs; leaves alternate or opposite, simple, the blades entire; flowers small, ape- talous, regular, perfect or unisexual, axillary, solitary or in small clusters; calyx 4-cleft or 4-parted; ovary technically superior but the perianth tube becoming fleshy and closely investing the achene, the whole structure simulating a drupe. Key to the genera 1. Leaves alternate; flowers perfect or polygamous; stamens4_ 1. ELAEAGNUs. 1. Leaves opposite; flowers dioecious; stamens normally 8_-__ 2. SHEPHERDIA. 1. ELAEAGNUS. OLEASTER A shrub or-small tree, up to about 7.5 m. (25 feet) high, often thorny; leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, bright green above, closely silvery-lepidote beneath; flowers pale yellow, very fragrant; fruit oval, yellow, silvery-lepidote. 1. Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 121. 1753. Oak Creek Canyon, southern Coconino County, 5,500 feet (Kearney and Peebles 12208), an escape from cultivation, apparently nowhere naturalized in Arizona. Russian-olive, native of the Old World, often cultivated as an orna- mental in the United States. 2. SHEPHERDIA. BUFFALOBERRY Shrubs; leaves persistent or deciduous; flowers dioecious; stamens alternating with as many. teeth of a fleshy disk; fruits globose or ellipsoid. Key to the species 1. Leaves persistent, the blades thick, rounded-oval, ovate, or nearly orbicular, often subcordate at base, not more than 3 cm. long, silvery-lepidote above, densely yellowish or whitish lepidote-tomentose beneath; fruits almost inane nee y= 55: Sats Lot ee Pee BE ET ee 1. SS. ROTUNDIFOLIA. 1. Leaves deciduous, the blades thin, not subcordate at base, up to 5 em. long; truit more or less elongate, not scurfy (2). 2. Plant somewhat thorny, 1 to 6 m. high; leaf blades oblong, cuneate at base, copiously to densely silvery-lepidote on both faces; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, Benig-peaficn. edible: 9/0558) 22) 2. OS. ARGENTEA. 2. Plant not thorny, 1 to 2 m. high; leaf blades elliptic-oblong to ovate, usually rounded at base, sparsely lepidote to nearly glabrous above, silvery- and rusty-lepidote beneath; fruits ellipsoid, yellowish red, unpalatable. 3. S. CANADENSIS. 1. Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry, Amer. Nat. 9: 350. 1875. Lepargyraea rotundifolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. Navajo, Coconino, and eastern Mohave Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, May and June. Southern Utah and northern Arizona. Roundleaf buffaloberry. An evergreen shrub commonly about 1 m. high, with silvery leaves and a compact habit of growth, common and even abundant in certain areas and pretty well distributed throughout northeastern Arizona, apparently preferring steep slopes (sides of mesas and badly gullied areas). The ripe fruit contains a sweet, watery, pale yellow juice. 618 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE *2. Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 241. 1818. Hippophae argentea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 115. 1814. Lepargyraea argentea Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. The writers have seen no specimens from Arizona, but the plant has been collected in northwestern New Mexico, near the border. Canada to Kansas, New Mexico, and California. Silver buffaloberry. 3. Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 241. 1818. Hippophae canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753. Lepargyraea canadensis Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. White Mountains, Apache County at Twelve Mile Creek, head of the Little Colorado River, and Marsh Lake, about 9,000 feet (Coville 1130, Goodding 1155, Goldman 2466). Newfoundland to Alaska, south to New York, New Mexico, Arizona, and Oregon. Russet buffaloberry. 87. LYTHRACEAE. Loos&EstTRIFE FAMILY Plants (Arizona species) herbaceous, annual or perennial; leaves simple, entire, opposite or alternate, without stipules; flowers perfect, regular or irregular, axillary or in terminal racemes or spikes; calyx tube enclosing but free from the ovary; petals and stamens borne on the throat of the calyx; fruit a 1- to 4-celled capsule; seeds numerous. Key to the genera 1. Calyx broad, campanulate or turbinate in flower, hemispheric to globose in fruit, not prominently ribbed; petals usually inconspicuous, sometimes wanting; leaves opposite; flowers axillary, sclitary or in small short-stalked glomerules (2). 2. Capsules regularly dehiscent longitudinally; leaves attenuate at base, short- petioledJor subsessile 232 e se ake tee © tae eee t. Rorans. 2. Capsules bursting irregularly; leaves some or all of them auriculate-clasping at base. 226-3 Sato cee Soe ee ial ee ee ee 2. AMMANNIA. 1. Calyx narrow, cylindric, tubular, or subclavate, with several longitudinal ribs; petals usually conspicuous, normally rose purple (8). 3. Plant perennial; herbage glabrous or obscurely puberulent; leaves mostly alternate, sessile or subsessile; flowers nearly regular; calyx almost symmetric, narrowly eylindric or subclavate in fruit_____ 3. LyYTHRUM. 3. Plant annual; herbage glandular-hispid; leaves mostly opposite, petioled; flowers irregular, the upper petals Jarger than the others; calyx oblique, turgid, in jfruit, hispid: 2219, e pe 2 Soe ee eee 4. CUPHEA. 1, ROTALA Small annual herbs, glabrous or nearly so; leaves opposite, narrow; flowers regular or nearly so, axillary, mostly solitary, small; bractlets longer than (often twice as long as) the calyx, this short and broad, with appendages often 3 times as long as the lobes; petals 4 and about 1 mm. long, or wanting; ovary ellipsoid ; valves of the capsule minutely transverse-striate. *1. Rotala dentifera (A. Gray) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 1: 161. 1880. Ammannia dentifera A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 2: 55. 1853. The writers have seen no specimens from Arizona, but the type was collected near Santa Cruz, Sonora, a few miles south of the inter- FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 619 national boundary, at ‘‘margins of pools and mountain streams” (Wright 1063). Appar ently known only from Sonora. R. ramosior (L. ) Koehne is also to be looked for in Arizona. It differs from R. dentifera in having the bractlets seldom surpassing the calyx, the appendages of the calyx one-half as long as to slightly longer than the lobes, and the ovary globose-ovoid. 2. AMMANNIA Annual herbs, differing from Rotala chiefly by the characters given in the key to genera, and in the plants being usually larger, with the flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes. Key to the species 1. Capsules equaling or somewhat surpassing the calyx lobes; flowers distinctly pedicelled, the pedicels often elongate___________-- -1. A. AURICULATA. 1. Capsules not equaling the calyx lobes; flowers sessile or subsessile, the pedicels Pere Nye TA ee OTE Sor ge eS ee SS aK 2. <) oUt. Se ek ee var. PARVIFOLIA. 3. Leaves (at least the Jower ones) lanceolate and sinuate-dentate (4). 4. Main leaves mostly plane, oblong, crowded; flowers crowded; inflores- cence not peduncled; plant 10 to 30 cm. high__G. coccINzEA (typical). 4. Main leaves mostly waved and crisped, acutish, not crowded; flowers not crowded; inflorescence with a short peduncle; plant 30 to 40 “ee eS OB ee ee ee ee ee var. EPILOBIOIDES Typical G. coccinea has been found in most parts of Arizona except the southwestern desert portion, 3,000 to 8,000 feet, rather dry flats and plains, May to September. Southern Canada to Texas, Arizona, and eastern California. The var. epilobioides (H. B. K.) Munz has much the same distribution in the State and ranges from Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The var. parvifolia (Torr.) Torr. and Gray is known from Apache, Yavapai, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, and ranges from Kansas and Colorado to northern Mexico. The var. glabra (Lehm.) Torr. and Gray has the same general range within and outside the State as has the typical form. The var. arizonica Munz occurs in Yavapai, Gila, and Pima Counties, 1,800 to 6,000 feet, and ranges into New Mexico and Coahuila. 10. CIRCAEA. ENcCHANTERS-NIGHTSHADE Plants low, delicate, herbaceous, perennial, with short slender rootstocks and small tubers; leaves thin, opposite, petioled; flowers small, racemose; sepals and petals 2; fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, inde- hiscent, pear-shaped, bristly with hooked hairs. 1. Circaea pacifica Asch. and Mag., Bot. Ztg. 29: 392. 1871. Greer, Apache County, 8,800 feet (Eggleston 17151), Oak Creek, Coconino County (Fulton 9673), Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County (Peebles et al. 4482), rich soil in shady ravines, June to July. pee Mountains to British Columbia, Arizona, and southern Cali- ornia. Very doubtfully distinct from C. alpina L. 89. HALORAGIDACEAE. WaTERMILFOIL FAMILY Plants herbaceous, perennial, aquatic, the stems wholly or partly immersed; leaves commonly in whorls; flowers minute, perfect or unisexual; petals when present usually 4; stamens 1 to 8; ovary inferior, 1- to 4-celled; fruit indehiscent. Key to the genera 1. Leaves (at least the submersed ones) pinnatifid to capillary-dissected; flowers mostly unisexual; stamens more than 1; ovary 2- to 4-celled. 1. MyriopHyLium. 1. Leaves all entire; flowers mostly perfect; stamen 1; ovary 1-celled. 2. Hippurits. 638 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. MYRIOPHYLLUM. WarermMiLrorn Submersed leaves (often all of the leaves) pinnately dissected into capillary divisions; flowers axillary or in interrupted terminal spikes, often emersed; petals present or absent; stamens 4 or more; fruit 4-celled, deeply 4-lobed. Key to the species 1. Leaves all alike, in whorls of 4 to 6, pinnatifid, the segments linear-filiform, not more than 5 mm. long; flowers axillary________ 1. M. BRASILIENSE. 1. Leaves dimorphic, the submersed ones in whorls of 3 or 4, pinnate, the segments capillary, commonly at least 10 mm. long, the emersed (floral) leaves bract- like, entire or merely dentate, not or but slightly surpassing the flowers; flowers in interrupted terminal spikes____________ 2. M. EXALBESCENS. 1. Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess. in A. St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. Dini OU nem Oeo Myriophyllum proserpinacoides Gill. ex Hook. and Arn. in Hook. “Bot Visers soi3eat Soar In a pond near Sacaton, Pinal County (Peebles 10607), apparently well established, perhaps introduced by migrating wild fowl. Native of South America. Parrotfeather. Commonly grown in aquaria and ponds. 2. Myriophyllum exalbescens Fernald, Rhodora 21: 120. 1919. Myriophyllum spicatum L. var. exalbescens Jepson, Man. FI. Plo @ahtiy 6910 1925: Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 6,200 to 9,000 feet, ponds and lakes, June. Canada to Florida, northern Arizona, and Cali- fornia. 2. HIPPURIS. Maregstat. Stems usually partly emersed, erect, not branched; leaves all simple, entire, in whorls of 6 or more; calyx not lobed, almost com- pletely adnate to the ovary; petals none; style filiform, in a groove formed by the lobes of the single anther. 1. Hippuris vuigaris L., Sp. Pl. 4. 1753. Marsh Lake, White Mountains, Apache County, 9,000 feet (Gold- man 2450). Widely distributed in the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. 90. ARALIACEAE. GINSENG FAMILY 1. ARALIA Plants perennial, herbaceous or shrubby; leaves large, compound, with large leaflets; flower small, regular, perfect or unisexual, in umbels, these forming terminal panicles; calyx adnate to the ovary; petals and stamens 5 each, borne on the calyx; fruit berrylike, several- seeded. The underground parts are more or less spicy-aromatic. The roots of a North American species and an Asiatic species of a related genus, Panax, commonly known as ginseng, are highly esteemed for medicinal purposes in China. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 639 Key to the species 1. A shrub, up to 2.5 m. high; leaves mostly simply pinnate, with 5 to 9 leaflets, these crenulate or crenate with obtuse or acutish, often glandular-mucron- ulate teeth, light or yellowish green, commonly rather thick, persistently and usually copiously puberulent beneath, lance-ovate or oblong-ovate; peduncles and pedicels sparsely puberulent or glabrate__ 1. A. HUMILISs. 1. A large herb, 1 to 2 m. high; leaves (all except the uppermost) ternate or biternate, the ultimate divisions pinnate with 3 to 5 leaflets, these doubly crenate-serrate with setose-cuspidate teeth, deep green, very thin, puber- ulent only on the veins beneath when mature, lance-ovate to broadly ovate; peduncles and pedicels copiously puberulent____2. A. RACEMOSA. 1. Aralia humilis Cav., Icon. Pl. 4: 7. 1797. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, canyons, August and September. Southern Arizona and Mexico. The stems reach a height of 3 m. (10 feet) and a diameter at base of 5 em., and the older bark is rough. 2. Aralia racemosa L., Sp. Pl. 273. 1753. Aralia bicrenata Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 157. 1913. Aralia arizonica Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 20: 148. 1931. Apache and Coconino Counties to Cochise County, 7,300 to 9,500 feet, rich soil of coniferous forests, preferring shade, July and August, type of A. arizonica from the Chiricahua Mountains (Kusche in 1929). Canada to Georgia, Arizona, and northern Mexico. American spikenard. The plants reach a height of 2 m. (7 feet). The form occurring in Arizona (A. bicrenata Woot. and Standl.) should perhaps be regarded as a variety, having more deeply serrate margins of the leaflets and a more ample inflorescence than in most specimens from the eastern United States. The fruits are eaten by various birds. 91. UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley FAMILY Contributed by Mitprep E. Marutas and Lincotn ConstTaNcE Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial, with commonly hollow stems; leaves alternate or basal, usually compound, with usually sheathing petioles; flowers small, regular, in simple or compound umbels, or the umbels sometimes proliferous or capitate; rays some- times subtended by bracts forming an involucre; umbellets usually subtended by bractlets forming an involucel; calyx tube wholly adnate to the ovary, the calyx teeth obsolete or small; petals 5, usually with an. inflexed tip; stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk; ovary in- ferior, 2-celled, with 1 anatropous ovule in each cell; styles 2, some- times swollen at base to form a stylopodium; fruit consisting of 2 mericarps united by their faces (commissure), each mericarp with 5 ribs, 1 down the back (dorsal rib), 2 on the edges near the commissure (lateral ribs), and 2 between the dorsal and lateral ribs (intermediate ribs), with oil tubes usually present in the intervals (spaces between the ribs), and on the commissural surface; mericarps 1-seeded, splitting apart at maturity, usually suspended from the summit of a slender prolongation of the axis (carpophore); embryo small, the endosperm cartilaginous. 286744°—42-_41 640 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Among the useful Umbelliferae are garden vegetables, such as carrot, parsnip, celery, and parsley, and condiment plants, such as caraway, fennel, dill, anise, and coriander. On the other hand, some of these plants are very poisonous, notably the waterhemlocks (Cicuta spp.) and poisonhemlock (Conium maculatum). The latter, an Old World plant, is extensively naturalized in the United States but has not been reported from Arizona. Key to the genera 1. Inflorescence capitate, not umbellate (2). 2. Fruit not winged, ribless, variously squamose____________ 3. ERYNGIUM. 2. Eruit winged piObis gla mMOse: 2 2= = aes ea eee see are 22. CYMOPTERUS. 1. Inflorescence a distinct umbel, more or less spreading, never capitate (3). 3. Leaves simple; umbels simple or proliferous (4). 4. Ovary and fruit covered with stellate hairs; foliage more or less stellate- PUbeSCEMG 1S Se Tee a ae ee eee 5 eee 2. Bowuesta. 4. Ovary and fruit glabrous; foliage glabrous (5). 4 5. Leaves with a definite ovate to orbicular blade____ 1. Hyprocoryte. 5. Leaves reduced to hollow eylindric jointed petioles. 15. LiLazopsis. 3. Leaves oe compound; umbels compound or rarely simple by reduc- tion (6). 6. Ovary and fruit armed with bristles, callous teeth, or papillae (7). 7. Ovary and fruit linear or linear-oblong, several times longer than wide; oil tubes absent or obscure in mature fruit______~_ 4. OSMORHIZA. 7. Ovary and fruit ovate to oblong, not more than twice as long as wide; oil tubes present in mature fruit (8). 8. Stems and leaves variously hispid; involucre foliaceous; bractlets of the involucel foliaceous, usually pinnately divided; fruit armed with barbed or hooked bristles (9). 9. Fruit flattened laterally, the bristles hooked, not barbed; stylopo- | dium conic; calyx teeth prominent--------_-- 5. CAvcaLis. 9. Fruit flattened dorsally, the bristles barbed at tip; stylopodium absent, calyx eethe absent. 2 tj25524 sie an 29. Daucus. 8. Stems and leaves glabrous or somewhat roughened, never hispid; involucre mostly absent; bractlets of the involucel linear or fili- form and entire, or absent; fruit armed with short bristles, callous teeth, or papillae (10). 10. Involucel absent; umbels sessile; fruit papillate__ 7. APIASTRUM. 10. Involucel present; umbels peduncled; fruit not papillate (11). 11. Fruit covered with short bristles; seed face more or less sulcate. 9. SPERMOLEPIS. 11. Fruit covered with callous teeth; seed face plane to somewhat CONCAV es 24 Lice | Pen Me J ee 10. AMMOSELINUM. 6. Ovary and fruit not armed, sometimes pubescent (12). 12. Ribs of the fruit not prominently winged, the ovary and fruit terete in cross section or somewhat flattened laterally (18). 13. Petals conspicuously unequal; fruit subglobose, not constricted at there ommprissuTre ys htnn ee Te teehee ee eee es, 6. CORIANDRUM. 13. Petals equal; fruit orbicular to oblong, more or less constricted at the commissure (14). 14. Flowers yellow; plants with an aniselike odor_ 16. FoENICcULUM. 14. Flowers not yellow; plants without an aniselike odor (15). 15. Ribs of the fruit corky; plants of marshes or aquatic (16). 16. Involucre inconspicuous or absent; some or all of the leaves ternate= pina tel h Ye oe reer ees ce ee 1 Crcurs 16. Involucre conspicuous; leaves simply pinnate (17). 17. Ribs of the fruit corky, equal; stylopodium depressed. 13. Srum. 17. Ribs filiform, the pericarp forming a continuous corky covering; stylopodium conic_____-_-_-- 14. BERULA. 15. Ribs of the fruit not corky; plants of dry ground or moist meadows (18). 18. Ribs narrowly winged; leaflets variously incised. 18. Ligusticum. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 641 18. Ribs not winged; leaflets entire to lobed (19). 19. Plants from slender elongate roots; umbels axillary or terminal; calyx lobes inconspicuous _ - _ ____ 8. APIUM. 19. Plants from fascicled tuberous or fusiform roots; umbels terminal; calyx lobes conspicuous__-12. PrRIpmRIDIA. 12. Ribs of the fruit (some or all of them) prominently winged, the fruit more or less flattened dorsally (20). 20. Plants annual, with an aniselike odor_____-___---- 17. ANETHUM. 20. Plants perennial, without an aniselike odor (21). 21. Plants hirtellous-pubescent only at base of the umbel. 24. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. 21. Plants glabrous or pubescent throughout or (in genus Conioseii- num) glabrous except in the inflorescence (22). 22. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, relatively low, 1 to 55 em. high, subsecapose (28). 23. Leaf blades narrowly oblong, the leaflets few and remote; Caly xaleeth: persistent. 2 ae See a 231 BP-EBRY SUN, 23. Leaf blades broader, the leaflets many, crowded but usually distinct; calyx teeth rarely persistent (24). 24. Lateral ribs winged, the wings thin, the dorsal ribs absent OPAGMLO RIN e ek rekeee ees ee ee 26. Lomatrium. 24. Lateral and dorsal ribs winged or, if the dorsal ribs obso- lete, then the lateral wings corky (25). 25. Calyx teeth conspicuous; leaves pinnate or bipinnate. 19. OREOXIs. 25. Calyx teeth inconspicuous; leaves pinnately decom- POMC SS AOE ss ee eee 22. CYMOPTERUS. 22. Plants caulescent, mostly tall, 30 to 120 cm. high, the stems more or less leafy (26). 26. Marginal flowers of the umbel with radially enlarged petals; plant tomentose-pubescent; leaves ternate. 28. HERACLEUM. 26. Marginal flowers regular; plants glabrous or pubescent, never tomentose; leaves pinnate to ternate-pinnate or decom- pound (27). 27. Lateral wings corky; leaves decompound, the leaflets narrow, linear-oblong, scabrous-puberulent; stylopo- chiumarab sent eae. =o Sl EL SLi. ee 25. LEPTOTAENIA. 27. Lateral wings thin; leaves pinnate to ternate-pinnate, the leaflets broad, lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or puberu- lent; stylopodium present (28). 28. Flowers yellow; dorsal ribs filiform, the oil tubes promi- nent on the dorsal surface___—___-_- 27. PAastTINACca. | 28. Flowers not yellow; dorsal ribs winged, the oil tubes not | prominent on the dorsal surface (29). 29. Plants glabrous except for the puberulent inflorescence; stems from a cluster of fleshy roots; ovaries and [LUTE SlaonOUsme eee wl NAS 20. CoONIOSELINUM. 29. Plants somewhat pubescent; stems from a taproot; ovaries densely hirsutulous, the fruit occasionally plaloratee asm tyes ra lg he 2 21. ANGELICA. 1. HYDROCOTYLE. WaterPENNYWORT Plants glabrous, perennial, with slender floating or creeping stems or rootstocks; leaf blades round, peltate or nonpeltate; flowers in a simple axillary umbel or an interrupted spike; calyx teeth minute; corolla white, greenish, or yellow; stylopodium depressed to conspic- uously conic; fruit transversely ovate to orbicular, 1 to 3 mm. long, strongly flattened laterally, the ribs slender or obsolete, the oil-bearing cells conspicuous to obsolete, the seed face plane to convex. Plants of wet ground, or aquatic. 642 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Leaves peltate, orbicular, shallowly 8- to 13-lobed; inflorescence an interrupted simple or branched spike, longer than the leaves, the flowers borne in scatteredivertignisu tein iia p he aa cae jeanele heey 1. H. VERTICILLATA. 1. Leaves not peltate, roundish-reniform, 5- or 6-lobed to about the middle; inflorescence a simple umbel; peduncles shorter than the leaves. H. RANUNCULOIDES. 1. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb., Diss. Hydroc. 2,5. 1798. Hydrocotyle cuneata Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 28. 1900. Montezuma Well, Yavapai County (MacDougal 575, the type of H. cuneata), Catalpa, Gila County (MacDougal in 1891), San Bernar- dino Ranch, Cochise County (Mearns 829), Sonoita Valley, Santa Cruz County (Lemmon 2710). Massachusetts to Florida and the West Indies, west to southern Utah, Arizona, and California. In the typical form the inflorescence is often bifurcate and the fruit sessile or subsessile. The var. racemosa (Sessé and Mog.) Mathias, distinguished from the species by a rarely bifurcate inflorescence and pedicellate fruit with pedicels up to 10 mm. long, has been collected at Beaver Dam, Mohave County (Jones 5024), and near Tucson, Pima County (Pringle in 1881, Dewey in 1891). 2. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f., Sup. 177. 1781. San Pedro River valley, Cochise County (Towmey in 1894), Tucson (Toumey in 1894). Pennsylvania and Delaware to Florida, west to Washington and Arizona, south to tropical America. 2. BOWLESIA Plants annual, ste!late-pubescent, prostrate or suberect, dichot- omously branching; leaf blades suborbicular, palmately 5- to 7-lobed; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves; umbels simple, few- flowered; involucral bracts small; calyx teeth prominent; corolla ereenish white; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit broadly ovate, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, stellate-pubescent, turgid, narrowed at the commissure, the ribs and oil tubes obsolete, the seed face plane or convex. 1. Bowlesia incana Ruiz and Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 3: 28. 1802. Bowlesia septentrionalis Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 31. 1900. Mohave County to Graham, Pima, and (probably) Yuma Coun- ties, 1,000 to 3,500 feet, common, usually among bushes, spring, type of B. septentrionalis from near Tucson (Zuck). Southern Texas to Arizona and central California; Peru. 3. ERYNGIUM. EryNGo, BUTTON-SNAKEROOT Plants perennial, caulescent, glabrous; stems simple or branched; leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate and reticulate-veined, or linear and parallel-veined, entire to pinnatifid; peduncles exceeding the leaves; inflorescence a dense bracteate head; bracts linear to ovate- lanceolate, entire to spinulose-serrate; floral bractlets usually entire; calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate, obtuse or acute; corolla white or blue: stylopodium absent; fruit ovoid, flattened laterally, covered with hyaline scales or tubercles, the ribs obsolete, the oil tubes several, inconspicuous, the seed face plane. ‘FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 643 Key to the species 1. Leaves elongate, linear, parallel-veined, usually entire. 1. E. sPARGANOPHYLLUM. 1. Leaves shorter, lanceolate to oblanceolate, reticulate-veined, crenate to spinose-serrate or pinnatifid (2). 2. Basal leaves obscurely crenate or serrate, not spinose; heads cylindric-ovoid, SUPERS A ER 25) Fs ied tar Sato OOS Soa a = ay ee nae 2. E. PHYTEUMAE. 2. Basal leaves spinose-serrate or pinnatifid; heads ovoid, not amethystine (3). 3. Plants from a cylindric taproot; lower cauline leaves pinnatifid to bipin- natisect; inflorescence paniculately branched, the heads comate; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, entire or with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral spines near the middle, yellowish above. 3. E. HETEROPHYLLUM. 3. Plants from a fascicle of fibrous or fleshy roots; lower cauline leaves spinose-serrate; inflorescence successively trifurcate, the heads not comate; bracts broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, spinose-serrate with 2 or 3 pairs of teeth, silvery-white above____ 4. E. LEMMONI. 1. Eryngium sparganophyllum Hemsl. in Hook., Icon. Pl. 26: pl. 2508. 1897. Agua Caliente ranch near Tucson, 2,900 feet, marshy ground (Shreve in 1908). New Mexico to southern Arizona and Mexico. 2. Eryngium phyteumae Delar., Eryng. 51. 1808. Eryngium discolor S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 18: 193. 18883. In water, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 1714, 2714). Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 3. Eryngium heterophyllum Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 106. 1848. Eryngium wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 78. 1852. Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 6,500 feet, plains and along watercourses. Texas to southeastern Arizona and Mexico. Known locally as Mexican-thistle. The flowers are pale blue. 4, Eryngium lemmoni Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 279. 1889. Cochise ‘County, chiefly in the Chiricahua and*Huachuca Moun- tains, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, type from the Chiricahua Mountains (Lemmon 17). Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 4. OSMORHIZA. SwEEtTROOT, SWEET-CICELY Plants perennial, caulescent, glabrous to hirsute; leaves biternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets broad, variously toothed or lobed, dis- tinct; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre usually absent; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white to greenish yellow; stylopodium conic; fruit linear to linear-oblong, 10 to 20 mm. long, cylindric or clavate, more or less attenuate at base, slightly com- pressed laterally or not at all, the ribs inconspicuous, the oil tubes obsolete in mature fruit, the seed face sulcate. Key to the species } Jnvolucels of several bractleia_ 9 o_ 2 eke 1. O. BRACHYPODA. 1. Involucels absent (2). 2. Rays and pedicels spreading-ascending; fruit linear-oblong, cylindric. 2. QO. NUDA. 2. Rays and pedicels divaricate; fruit clavate___._..-_----_- 3. O. OBTUSA. 644 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Osmorhiza brachypoda Torr. in Durand, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 3: 89. 1855. Mazatzal Mouitains: Gila County (Harrison 7815, 7830, Collom 866). Central Arizona ‘and California. 2. Osmorhiza nuda Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 93. 1857. Osmorhiza divaricata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Col. Sci. Studies Bot. 7 91 "1905: Oak Creek, Coconino or Yavapai County (Fulton 9678), Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County (Peebles et al. 4483), Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County, 7,500 feet (Peebles et al. 2581). Quebec and New Hampshire to British Columbia, Arizona, and California. 3. Osmorhiza obtusa (Coult. and Rose) Fernald, Rhodora 4: 154. 1902. Washingtonia obtusa Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 64. 1900. Baldy Peak, Apache County (Peebles and Smith 12507), San Fran- cisco Peaks (MacDougal 397, Leiberg 5707, Towmey 39), Mormon Lake, Coconino County (MacDougal 101), 7,000 to 10,000 feet. Labrador and Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains, south to northern Arizona. 5. CAUCALIS Plants annual, caulescent, branching, hispid; leaves pinnately de- compound, the segments short, linear to filiform; peduncles axillary and terminal; umbels compound or occasionally simple by reduction; involucre of foliaceous bracts shorter than the rays; bractlets of the involucel foliaceous, entire or pinnately divided, mostly shorter than the fruits; calyx teeth prominent; corolla white; stylopodium conic; fruit ovate- oblong, 3 to 7 mm. long, laterally compressed, the carpels with 5 filiform bristly prominent ribs and 4 prominent winged sec- ondary ribs bearing hooked bristles, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face deeply sulcate. 1. Caucalis microcarpa Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 348. 1840. Mohave County to Gila, Santa Graz and Pima Counties, 3,500 feet or lower. Idaho to British Columbia, south to Arizona and Baja California. 6. CORIANDRUM. CorIAnDER Plants annual, caulescent, glabrous; leaves biternate to ternate- pinnate, the leaflets mostly cuneate, doubly lobed at apex, the upper leaflets linear; peduncles axillary or terminal; umbels compound; in- volucre absent; bractlets of the involucel few, inconspicuous, lan- ceolate; calyx teeth acute, unequal; corolla white or roseate, the petals conspicuously unequal; stylopodium conic; fruit subglobose, about 3 mm. long, not constricted at the commissure, the ribs prominent, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, few on the. commissure, the seed face concave. 1. Coriandrum sativum L., Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Tucson, Pima County (G. A. Wilcox in 1905), probably only a chance escape from cultivation. Sparingly naturalized from Europe in various parts of North America. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 645 7. APIASTRUM Plants annual, slender, glabrous; stems sometimes simple, usually di- or tri-chotomously branching; leaves 2- or 3-ternate, the segments subfiliform to linear; umbels compound, sessile in the axils or opposite the upper leaves; involucre and involucel none; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white; stylopodium minute and depressed; fruit ovate or cordate, 1 mm. long, papillate-roughened, the ribs inconspicuous, the oul tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face concave to sulcate. 1. Apiastrum angustifolium Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 644. 1840. Santa Rita Range Reserve and Coronado National Forest, Pima County (Griffiths 429, 474, 516). Southern Arizona, California, and Baja California. 8. APIUM. CELERY Plants annual or biennial, glabrous, branched above; leaves pinnate to ternate-pinnately decompound; umbels compound (or simple by reduction), axillary and terminal, sessile to short-pedunculate; in- volucre and involucel none; calyx teeth absent or inconspicuous; corolla white; stylopodium short-conic; fruit ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 2 mm. long, laterally compressed, somewhat constricted at the commissure, the ribs obtuse, conspicuous, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face more or less plane. Key to the spectes 1. Plant annual; Jeaves pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the segments LTS oay 6 wi FETS ACES Ciel Sane “lie ie 2 ec ee ae 1. A. LEPTOPHYLLUM. 1. Plant biennial; leaves pinnate, the segments ovate to suborbicular or cuneate. 2. A. GRAVEOLENS. 1. Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. in Benth., Fl. Austral. 3: 372. 1866. Pimpinella leptophylla Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 324. 1805. Apum ammi (L.) Urban, Fl. Bras. 111: 341. 1879. Tempe, Maricopa County, in a lawn (Stitt and McLellan in 1935). Throughout North America. 2. Apium graveolens L., Sp. Pl. 264. 1753. Havasu Canyon, Coconino County, abundant and apparently na- turalized (Clover 4418), Maricopa County, at Phoenix (Dewey in 1891) and Granite Reef (Gillespie 5626), Gila Indian Reservation, Pinal County (Peebles 9652), in moist soil. Common celery, more or less naturalized throughout North America from the Old World. 9. SPERMOLEPIS Plants annual, caulescent, alternately branching, glabrous; leaves ternately decompound, the segments filiform; peduncles axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre absent; bractlets of the involucel few, filiform, shorter than the pedicels, glabrous or callous-toothed; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white; stylopodium low-conic; fruit ovoid, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, laterally com- pressed, covered with short echinate bristles, the oil tubes 1 to 3 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face more or less suleate. 646 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Spermolepis echinata (Nutt.) Heller, Contrib. Herbarium Franklin and Marshall Col. 1: 73. 1895. Leptocaulis echinatus Nutt. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 107. 1830. Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 5,000 feet. Missouri to Louisiana, west to southern Arizona and Coahuila. 10. AMMOSELINUM Plants annual, caulescent, branching, more or less roughened; leaves ternate, then bipinnate, the segments linear; peduncles axillary and terminal, up to 4 cm. long, or none; umbels compound; involucre mostly absent; bractlets of the involucel few, linear, acute, somewhat callous-toothed, about equaling the pedicels; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-ovate, 3 to 5 mm. long, somewhat constricted toward the apex, subcordate at base, laterally compressed, covered with callous teeth, the ribs corky, acute to rounded, the oil tubes 3 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face concave. 1. Ammoselinum giganteum Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 89. 1900. Mesas near Phoenix (Pringle 28, the type collection), Maricopa, Pinal County (Dewey in 1894), Eloy, Pinal County (Peebles et al. 6496). Southern Arizona, California, and Coahuila. 11. CICUTA. WatEerRHEMLOCK Plants perennial from a vertical or horizontal, short or elongate tuberous base bearing fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots, caulescent, glabrous; leaves 1- to 3-pinnate, the leaflets linear-lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, distinct or some of them confluent, remotely to coarsely serrate or incised; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre of few bracts or none; bractlets of the involucel several, ovate-lanceolate to linear, acute to acuminate; calyx teeth evident; corolla white or greenish white; stylopodium low-conic; fruit orbicular to oval, 2 to 4 mm. long, slightly compressed laterally, definitely constricted at the commissure, the ribs low, broad and corky, wider than the reddish-brown or homochromous intervals, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face concave, plane, or convex. Plants violently toxic to warm-blooded animals, especially the roots and young growth. No antidote is known, but in human beings the use of emetics has proved effective. Symptoms are vomiting, colicky pains, staggering, unconsciousness, and convulsions. The poisonous principle, cicutoxin, affects the nerve centers. ‘These plants should be eradicated from ranges, as they have caused the loss of much live- stock. 1. Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7:95. 1900. ? Sium (?) douglasit DC., Prodr. 4: 125. 1830. Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 7. 1889. Cicuta grandifolia Greene, Leaflets 2: 24. 1909. Apache, Greenlee, and Coconino Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, wet ground, type of C. grandifolia from Mormon Lake (Pearson 140). Montana and Alaska to Arizona, California, and Chihuahua. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 647 12. PERIDERIDIA Plants perennial from fascicled tuberous or fusiform roots, usually caulescent, glabrous; leaves mostly pinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets filiform to lanceolate; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre usually absent; involucel present, the bractlets linear to lanceolate; calyx teeth prominent; corolla white or pink; stylopodium conic; fruit orbicular to oblong, 2 to 4 mm. long, later- ally compressed, the ribs inconspicuous, the oil tubes 1 to 5 in the intervals, 2 to 8 on the commissure, the seed face plane to broadly concave. Key to the species 1. Leaves pinnate to bipinnate; bractlets of the involucel linear-acuminate; fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 2 to 3 mm. long, the oil tubes solitary in the EBLE Goi 5 Oc en en ees Se 2 Se rs ae 1. P. GAIRDNERI. 1. Leaves ternate, rarely biternate, the uppermost entire; bractlets of the in- volucel narrowly lanceolate; fruit ovoid to oblong, 3 to 4 mm. long, the Gu Fupes 2. £0, iiethe WMiberT Vals". f= > oe a 2. P. PARISHII. 1. Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. and Arn.) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Atenia gairdneri Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 349. 1840. Carum gairdnert A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 344. 1867. White Mountains (Apache County), Flagstaff, Mogollon Escarp- ment, and Bill Williams Mountain (Coconino County), 7,000 feet or higher, moist soil. South Dakota to New Mexico, west to British Columbia and southern California. Yampa, wild-caraway. The tuberous roots have a pleasant nutty flavor and were used by the Indians as food. The seeds were used as seasoning. 2. Perideridia parishii (Coult. and Rose) Nels. and Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 61: 33. 1916. Pimpinella parishit Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 157. 1887. Eulophus parishi Coult. and Rose, Rev. North Amer. Umbell. 112. 1888. Eulophus parishi var. rusbyi Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 281. 1889. North rim of the Grand Canyon to Oak Creek, Coconino County, 6,500 to 8,000 feet, moist soil in pine woods, July. Northern Arizona, California, and Nevada. Aletes acaulis (Torr.) Coult. and Rose. Rangesin the Rocky Mountains from Colorado to New Mexico and western Texas. In the herbarium of the University of California there is a specimen of this species bearing the label ‘‘Gila River’ and collected by Mohr. This is probably an error, since Dr. Mohr collected the same species in Colorado. 13. SIUM. WatTEerpPARSNIP Plants perennial from fascicled fibrous roots, caulescent, aquatic, glabrous; leaves simply pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to linear, finely to coarsely serrate or incised, mostly acute; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre of 6 to 10 unequal, lanceolate or linear bracts, these reflexed in fruit ;involucel of 4 to 8 linear-lanceolate bractlets, these shorter than the flowers; calyx teeth minute; corolla 648 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE white; stylopodium depressed; fruit oval to orbicular, 2 to 3. mm. long, laterally compressed, the ribs prominent, corky, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 to several on the commissure, the seed face plane. 1. Sium suave Walt., Fl. Carol. 115. 1788. Sium cicutaefolium Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 482. 1791. Near Tuba, Coconino County, in a marsh, 5,050 feet (Kearney and Peebles 12857). Widely distributed in North America. 14. BERULA. WaTERPARSNIP Plants perennial from fascicled fibrous roots, caulescent, glabrous, aquatic; leaves simply pinnate, the segments linear to ovate, entire to variously lobed; peduncles axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre conspicuous, of 6 to 8 unequal linear or lanceolate bracts; involucel of 4 to 8 conspicuous, lanceolate or linear bractlets;°*calyx teeth inconspicuous; corolla white; stylo- podium depressed-conic; fruit oval to orbicular, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, laterally compressed, emarginate at base, the ribs slender, inconspicu- ous, scarcely raised above the surface, the oil tubes numerous and somewhat contiguous in the innermost layer of the mericarp immedi- ately surrounding the seed, the seed face plane. 1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: lal. srl SOS. Sium erectum Huds., Fl. Angl. 103. 1762. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, wet places. Widely distributed in North America; Eurasia. 15. LILAEOPSIS Plants perennial, glabrous; stems creeping and rooting in the mud; leaves reduced to hollow cylindric petioles, transversely septate, elongate when growing in water; peduncles shorter than the leaves; umbels simple; involucre of few small bracts; calyx teeth minute; corolla white; stylopodium depressed; fruit subglobose or slightly compressed laterally, 2 to 2.25 mm. long, the lateral ribs very thick and corky, the dorsal ribs filiform, the oil tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face somewhat convex. 1. Lilaeopsis recurva A. W. Hill, Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 47: 535. 1927. LTalaeopsis schaffneriana Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48. 1897 (in part). Not of Schlecht. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2895, etc.), Santa Cruz River valley near Tucson, Pima County (Pringle in 1881, the type collection). Known only from southern Arizona. 16. FOENICULUM. FENNEL Plants perennial, caulescent, branching, glabrous, with a strong odor of anise; stem tall; leaves large, pinnately decompound, the seg- FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 649 ments filiform, glaucous; peduncles axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre and involucel none; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla yellow; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, laterally compressed, the ribs slender, acute, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face slightly concave. 1. Foeniculum vulgare Hill, Brit. Herbal 413. 1756. Mule Mountains, Cochise County (Harrison and Kearney 8284). Waste ground in various parts of North America, a common weed in coastal California; naturalized from Europe. 7. ANDi UV, “Din Plants annual or biennial from slender subfusiform roots, caulescent, branching, glabrous, with a strong odor of anise; leaves quadripinnati- sect, the segments filiform, distinct; peduncles axillary and terminal, exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre and involucel mostly absent; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla yellow; stylopodium conic, the margin crenulate; fruit ovate, about 4mm. long, compressed dorsally, the lateral wings much narrower than the body of the fruit, the dorsal wings obsolete, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face plane. 1. Anethum graveolens L., Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Ditch bank at Sacaton, Pinal County (King 1832), only 1 plant seen. The species is found wild sparingly in North America; intro- duced from Europe. 18. LIGUSTICUM. Lovaas, cHUCHUPATE Plants perennial, caulescent, glabrous or puberulent; leaves once or twice ternate, then once or twice pinnate, the leaflets mostly distinct, ovate, more or less incised; peduncles axillary or often verticillate, exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre absent or occa- sionally of a solitary, deciduous, linear bract; involucel wanting, or of several linear bractlets; calyx teeth small or wanting; corolla white; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit oblong, 5 to 8 mm. long, glabrous, terete, the lateral and dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the oil tubes 4 to 6 in the intervals, 8 to 10 on the commissure, the seed face con- cave. 1. Ligusticum porteri Coult. and Rose, Rev. North Amer. Umbell. 86. 1888. Mountains of Apache, Coconino, Graham, and Cochise Counties, 7,000 to 11,300 feet. Wyoming to Arizona and Chihuahua. A palatable forage plant. The aromatic roots, in the drug trade known as coughroot, are used to treat coughs, colds, ete. 19. OREOXIS ” Plants perennial from slender elongate roots, low, acaulescent; leaves oblong, pinnate or bipinnate, the segments short, linear, mostly distinct; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre usually absent; involucel of several linear bractlets about equaling % Reference; MATHIAS, MILDRED E. sTUDIES IN THE UMBELLIFERAE III—A MONOGRAPH OF CYMOP- TERUS INCLUDING A CRITICAL STUDY OF RELATED GENERA, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 17: 213-476, 1930, 650 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE the flowers; calyx teeth conspicuous; corolla yellow; stylopodium absent; fruit oblong, 3 to 8 mm. long, slightly compressed dorsally, the lateral and dorsal wings broadly linear to subovate in cross section, the oil tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2 to 4 on the commis- sure, the seed face plane or slightly concave. Key to the species 1. Plants more or less puberulent; involucel bractlets usually ciliate; fruit boat- shaped, the wings subovate in cross section____________ 1. O. ALPINA. 1. Plants glabrous; involucel bractlets not ciliate; fruit not boat-shaped, the wings broadly linear in cross section____--_--____- 2. O. MACDOUGALI. 1. Oreoxis alpina (A. Gray) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 144. 1900. Cymopterus alpinus A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 33: 408. 1862. Keet Seel, Navajo Indian Reservation (J. Howell 69), without locality (Palmer in 1869). Wyoming to northern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona, in the mountains. 2. Oreoxis macdougali (Coult. and Rose) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 40: 68. 1918. . Aletes (?) macdougali Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 107. 1900. Known in Arizona only from the type collection, on Grandview (Berry) Trail, Grand Canyon, 7,000 feet (MacDougal 192). South- western Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northern Arizona. 20. CONIOSELINUM Plants perennial from a cluster of fleshy roots, caulescent, glabrous or the inflorescence puberulent; leaves bipinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, laciniately toothed or pinnatifid; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; in- volucre mostly absent; involucel wanting, or of 1 to several, more or less elongate, narrow bractlets; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oval, 3 to 6 mm. long, compressed dor- sally, the lateral wings broad, corky, the dorsal ribs slender, winged, the oil tubes 1 or 2 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure, the seed face plane or slightly concave. Key to the species 1. Leaves ternate-pinnately divided, 10 to 20 cm. long, the upper leaves similar to the lower leaves; leaflets 2 to 6.5 em. long; bractlets of the involucel linear, ‘clonzate; Ta ys 10) to 20 22s) ae ee 1. C. ScOPULORUM. 1. Leaves bi- to ternate-pinnate, 6 to 14 em. long, the upper leaves with elongate entire leaflets; leaflets 1 to 2.5 em. long; bractlets of the involucel filiform OF Wanting AVS ON COA Sie Ae eer Cee ee eee 2. C. MEXICANUM. 1. Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 151. 1900. LTigusticum scopulorum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 347. 1868. East fork of White River (Navajo ? County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 651 County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County). Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 2. Conioselinum mexicanum Coult. and Rose, Wash. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1: 147. 1900. Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Kearney and Peebles 10497). Southern Arizona and Chihuahua. 21. ANGELICA Plants perennial, caulescent, somewhat pubescent; leaves ternate- pinnate or by reduction pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, acute, distinct, coarsely to remotely serrate; peduncles exceeding the leaves: umbels compound; involucre and involucel usually absent; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white, greenish, or purple; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-oval, 3 to 6 mm. long, densely hirsutulous when young, occasionally glabrate at maturity, compressed dorsally, the lateral wings broad, the dorsal ribs slender, winged, the oil tubes i or 2 in the intervals, several on the commissure, the seed face slightly concave. 1. Angelica pinnata S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 126. 1871. Angelica leporina S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 252. 1877. Without definite locality (Palmer 183, in 1877), also collected by Standley in the Tunitcha Mountains, N. Mex., a range which extends into Arizona. Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada to northern Mexico. 22. CYMOPTERUS ® Plants perennial from long taproots, low, acaulescent or subacaule- scent, glabrous or pubescent; leaves 2- to 4-pinnatiscet, the segments narrow, short; peduncles shorter than to exceeding the leaves; umbels compound, or globose with the rays fused into a disk; involucre absent or present; bractlets of the involucel usually conspicuous, usually dimidiate, foliaceous to scarious; calyx teeth inconspicuous; corolla white, yellow, or purple; stylopodium absent; fruit ovate to oblong, 4 to 18 mm. long, more or less compressed dorsally, the lateral wings present, the dorsal wings usually present, the oil tubes small, 1 to 24 in the intervals, 2 to 22 on the commissure, the seed face slightly to deeply concave. Key to the species 1. Rays of the umbel fused to form a discoid inflorescence; involucel bractlets Peart ati: PAlteaCeOlis: SA ete eT 1. C. MEGACEPHALUS. 1. Rays of the umbel distinct, 0.2 to 9 em. long; involucel bractlets not paleaceous 2). 2. Bractlets of the involucel searious (3). 3. Bractlets of the involucel purple or greenish white, conspicuously many- ELI TS * ME hc se Se Sollee ie ea pa a 4. (C. MULTINERVATUS. 3. Bractlets of the involucel white or w hitish, few-nerved (4). 4. Umbels more or less spreading, the mature rays 10 to 50 mm. long; fruit ovate-oblong to oblong, the wings mostly narrower than the bed yor. Le arith ae OO. ae ee 2. C. BULBOSUS. 4. Umbels densely globose, the mature rays 4 to 10 mm. long; fruit ovate, the wings broader than the body of the fruit. 3. C. PURPURASCENS. 88 Reference: See footnote 97, p. 649. 652 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Bractlets of the involucel rarely scarious, inconspicuous, or foliaceous and conspicuous (5). 5. Bractlets of the involucel inconspicuous, not foliaceous; oil tubes 1 to 8 in the intervals 5.2 PA Pen Bal See a eae eee 7. C. PURPUREUS. 5. Bractlets of the involucel conspicuous, foliaceous; oil tubes 3 to 17 in the intervals (6). 6. Pseudoscape present; leaf segments usually longer than wide. . C. FENDLERI. 6. Pseudoscape absent; leaf segments wider than long_ 6. C. NEWBERRYI. 1. Cymopterus megacephalus M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 14. 1891. Junction of Moenkopi Wash and the Little Colorado River, on mesas in gravel near lower edge of juniper zone (Jones in 1890, the type collection), 12 miles south ‘of Cameron, 5,050 feet (Peebles 11807 Ms 50 miles south of (Lees?) Ferry (Jones in 1890). Known only from these collections in Coconino County, northern Arizona. 2. Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 241. 1899. Phellopterus utahensis (M. KE. Jones) Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl: Herbarium 16; 158. 1913, in part. Apache, Navajo, and Graham Counties, 2,700 to 6,000 feet. South- western Wyoming to western Texas and northeastern Arizona. 3. Cymopterus purpurascens (A. Gray) M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 277. 1893. Cymopterus montanus var. purpurascens A. Gray in Ives, Rpt. Colo. River 15. 1860. Phellopterus utahensis (M. E. Jones) Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 158. 1913, in part. Navajo County to eastern Mohave County, 3,500 to 7,000 feet, type from Oraibi (Newberry in 1858). Southern Idaho to central Arizona. 4. Cymopterus multinervatus (Coult. and Rose) Tidestrom, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 48: 41. 1935. Phellopterus multinervatus Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 169. 1900. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, type from Peach Springs, Mohave County (Lemmon in 1884). Southern Utah to Texas, northern Mexico, Arizona, and southeastern California. 5. Cymopterus fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 56. 1849. Apache County to Coconino County, 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Utah to Chihuahua and northern Arizona. 6. Cymopterus newberryi (S. Wats.) M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 47. 1893. Peucedanum newberryi S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Navajo and Coconino Counties, 4,700 to 7,000 feet, usually in sand, type from the ‘‘Flax”’ (Little Colorado) River (Newberry in 1858). Southern Utah and northern Arizona. The sweet roots are eaten by Hopi children in spring. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 653 7. Cymopterus purpureus S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 300. 1873. Aulospermum purpureum (S. Wats.) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 178. 1900. Apache County to northwestern Mohave County, 4,000 to 6,500 feet. Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northern Arizona. Cymopterus jonesit Coult. and Rose (Aulospermum jonestt Coult. and Rose), of southwestern Utah, may be found in Arizona. 23. PTERYXIA ” Plants perennial from a siender taproot, caulescent, glabrous; leaves few, remote, narrowly oblong, bipinnate, the segments linear, acute, distinct; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre absent; bractlets of the involucel inconspicuous, linear; calyx teeth conspicuous, persistent; corolla yellow; stylopodium absent; fruit ovate to ovate-oblong, 4.5 to 7 mm. long, compressed dorsally, the lateral and dorsal wings linear in cross section, the oil tubes 3 to 8 in the intervals, 5 to 15 on the commissure, the seed face somewhat concave. 1. Pteryxia petraea (M. E. Jones) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 172. 1900. Cymopterus petraeus M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 8: 32: 1898. Both rims of the Grand Canyon (Cook and Johnson 2063, EKastwood 5833, Eastwood and Howell 1006). Southern Idaho and southeast- ern Oregon to northern Arizona and California. 24. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS * Plants perennial with a long slender taproot, acaulescent or caules- cent, glabrous or pubescent; leaves pinnate to tripinnate, the segments filiform, linear, or lanceolate, short or elongate; peduncles exceeding the leaves, hirtellous at base of the umbel; umbels compound; in- volucre mostly absent; bractlets of the involucel usually conspicuous; calyx teeth conspicuous; corolla purple or yellow; stylopodium absent; fruit oblong to ovate-oblong. 3 to 7 mm. long, compressed dorsally or subterete, the lateral wings present, the dorsal wings similar to the laterals or absent through abortion, the wings mostly thin, sublinear in cross section, the oil tubes 1 to 8 in the intervals, 2 to 8 on the commissure, the seed face slightly concave. Key to the species 1. Stems naked or few-leaved; young fruit glabrous; mature fruit ovate to ovate- oblong, 3 to 7 mm. long, 2 to 4mm. wide______________ 1. P. MONTANUS. 1. Stems mostly many-leaved; young fruit puberulent; mature fruit oblong, 3 to eae One lta ana. Wate sees ee eis ket 2. P. DAVIDSONI. % Reference: See footnote 97, p. 649. = 654 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) Coult. and Rose, Rev. North Amer. Umbell. 74. 1888. Thaspium (?) montanum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 57. 1849. Peucedanum lemmon Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889. Lomatium lemmoni Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 231. 1900. Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 147.) A0G: Pseudocymopterus purpureus (Coult. and Rose) Rydb., ibid. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Rydb., ibid. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 12,000 feet, common in pine woods. Southern Wyoming to western Utah, south to northern Mexico. This species is exceedingly variable in vegetative characters, such as leaf division, shape and size of. the ultimate segments, and height of growth. These characters are governed to a great extent by the habitat of the individual plant. The flower color sometimes varies on the same plant from yellow, through orange purple, to purple. In some individuals the dorsal wings of the fruit are absent through abortion. 2. Pseudocymopterus davidsoni (Coult. and Rose) Mathias, Mo. Bot. Gard: Anns17: 13164-1930. Aletes (?) davidsoni Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 107. 1900. Pseudocymopterus filicinus Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: °158. 19138. Greenlee County, among rocks in a moist creek bed near Clifton (Davidson in 1900, the type collection), Garfield (Davidson), 45 miles north of Clifton, 8,100 feet (Kearney and Peebles 12240, 12241). Western New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 25. LEPTOTAENIA Plants perennial, caulescent, glabrous except for the scabrous- puberulent, rarely glabrate, foliage; leaves large, ternate-pinnately decompound, the segments linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, distinct; peduncles exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre of few bracts, or absent; involucel of several linear bractlets; calyx teeth usually obsolete; corolla purple, yellow, or greenish; stylopodium absent; fruit oblong-oval, 8 to 16 mm. long, compressed dorsally, the lateral wings broad, corky-thickened, the dorsal ribs obscure or filiform, the oil tubes obscure, the seed face plane. 1. Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 630. 1840. Mormon Lake, Coconino County (MacDougal 58), East Fork of White River, Navajo (?) County (Harrison 4847), Mazatzal Moun- tains, Gila County (Collom 147, Harrison 7828), 4,000 to 6,000 feet. Colorado to British Columbia, south to Arizona and California. The species is represented in Arizona by var. multifida (Nutt.) Jepson (L. multifida Nutt.). The plant is sometimes known as carrot- a ee ae a ee ee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 655 leaf and wild-carrot. It is reported that it is palatable to livestock and that the Indians roasted and ate the large roots. 26. LOMATIUM.! BisctrTRoot, INDIANROOT Plants perennial, with moniliform tubers or long taproots, acaul- escent or short-caulescent, glabrous or pubescent; leaves ternately or pinnately decompound, the segments filiform to ovate; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves; umbels compound; involucre mostly absent; bractlets of the involucel filiform to obovate, foliaceous to subscarious, distinct to connate, rarely none; calyx teeth small; corolla greenish white, yellow, or purple; stylopodium absent; fruit ovate to linear, 4.5 to 15 mm. long, compressed dorsally, the lateral wings present, the dorsal ribs absent or filiform, the wings thin, the oil tubes small, 1 to several in the intervals, 2 to several on the com- missure, the seed face slightly concave. Many of the species have edible roots that the Indians ate raw, cooked, or ground into flour. The plants are grazed by livestock. Key to the spectes 1. Plant with elongate moniliform tuberous roots; fruit narrowly oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, the wings less than half the width of the body; rays and pedicels strict, suberect_____-____- 1. L. LEPTOCARPUM. 1. Plants with more or less thickened, elongate taproots, sometimes with very deep-seated tubers; fruit orbicular to broadly oblong, with broader wings; rays and pedicels more spreading (2). 2. Fruiting pedicels 10 to 17 mm. long; plant glabrous; leaf blades narrowly eblong, 10 10-20 em: long; fruit, oblong. -.-. . =~... 5. L. PARRYI. 2. Fruiting pedicels mostly less than 10 mm. long; plants more or less pubes- cent; leaf blades broadly oblong to ovate, 5 to 15 em. long; fruit subor- bicular to oblong-obovate (3). 3. Involucel bractlets with a conspicuous scarious margin, never tomentose Gr wHiGta> Howers-wiittes => 2 orig 2. L. NEVADENSE. 3. Involucel bractlets not conspicuously scarious-margined, more or less tomentose or villous; flowers yellow or purple (4). 4. Plants more or less villous throughout; petioles shorter than the blades; flowers yellow or purplish-tinged___-_________ 3. L. MacDOUGALI. 4, Plants hoary-pubescent, never villous; petioles longer than the blades; LOS GE SS Oy 0 ae nears seer, ge et Sar eee 4. L. MOHAVENSE. 1. Lomatium leptocarpum (Nutt.) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 213. 1900. Peucedanum leptocarpum Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 626. 1840. Grand Canyon (Jones), abundant under pines in camp grounds on the north rim of the Grand Canyon (Mathias 736). Northwestern Colorado to northern Idaho, northern Arizona, and northeastern California. 2. Lomatium nevadense (S. Wats.) Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 220. 1900. Peucedanum nevadense S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Prog: 115143... 1876. Yavapai, Gila, eastern Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, mesas and rocky slopes. Western Utah to Oregon and 1 Reference: MATHIAS, MILDRED E. A REVISION OF THE GENUS LOMATIUM. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 25: 225-297. 1938. ] 286744°—_42—_42 656 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE eastern California, south to western New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora. The distribution in Arizona as given above is that of the typical form, with ovaries and fruit puberulent. The var. parishii (Coult. and Rose) Jepson (Cogswellia orientalis (Coult. and Rose) M. E. Jones, in part, C. decipiens M. E. Jones), is easily distinguished from the species by its glabrous ovaries and fruit. It is the commonest and most widely distributed form of the species in Arizona, ranging from Coconino and Mohave Counties to Greenlee, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, type of C. decipiens from Hualpai Mountain (Jones in 1903). Another form occurring in Arizona is var. pseudorientale (M. E. Jones) Munz (Cogswellia nevadensis var. pseud- orientalis M. E. Jones), which is similar to var. parishii except that the petioles are more prominently scarious-margined, the wings broader than the body of the fruit, and the dorsal ribs evident. This occurs in much of the range of var. parishit but is apparently less common, the type from Skull Valley, Yavapai County (Jones in 1903). 3. Lomatium macdougali Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium: 7 233. 1900: Coconino, eastern Mohave, and Yavapai Counties, 4,500 to 8,000 feet, type from Mormon Lake (MacDougal 84). Western Wyoming to central Oregon, south to central Arizona. 4. Lomatium mohavense Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 234. 1900. Peach Springs, Mohave County, 5,000 feet (Lemmon in 1884). Deserts of southern California and adjacent Nevada. 5. Lomatium parryi (S. Wats.) Macbride, Contrib. Gray Herbarium Ser. 2, 06-ca0;) 198: Peucedanum parryi 5S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 143. 1876: Cynomarathrum parryi Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 246. 1900. South end of Navajo Mountain, Coconino County, 7,500 to 8,400 feet (Peebles and Smith 13963). Mountains of southeastern Utah to northern Arizona and eastern California. Other species of this genus that may be found in Arizona are: Lomatium nuttallit (A. Gray) Macbride, which has been collected in northwestern New Mexico, L. lattilobum (Rydb.) Mathias, known from southeastern Utah, and L. scabrum (Coult. and Rose) Mathias, known from southwestern Utah. 27. PASTINACA. Parsnip Plants perennial from thick taproots, caulescent, branching, glabrous or nearly so; stem stout, fluted; leaves pinnate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, coarsely serrate and pinnately lobed or divided; peduncles axillary and terminal; umbels compound; involucre none or of a few narrow, deciduous bracts; involucel absent; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla yellow; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit obovate to orbicular, 5 to 6 mm. long, strongly flattened dorsally, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral wings narrow, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, visible on the dorsal] surface, shorter than the fruit, the seed face plane, Led FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 657 1. Pastinaca sativa L., Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Peebles et al. 3488). The parsnip has escaped from gardens and established itself widely in North America but has scarcely become naturalized in Arizona. 28. HERACLEUM. Cow-parsnip Plant perennial, with fascicled fibrous roots, caulescent, tomentose; stem tall, stout; leaves ternately compound, the leaflets 3, large, ovate to orbicular, sharply serrate and lobed, petiolulate; peduncles axillary and terminal; umbels compound; involucre of narrow, entire, decidu- ous bracts; bractlets of the involucel small, linear; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white, the petals obcordate, the marginal ones of the umbel much larger; stylopodium thick, conic; fruit broadly obovate or ob- cordate, 8 to 12 mm. long, strongly flattened dorsally, more or less pubescent, the dorsal and intermediate ribs filiform, the lateral wings broad, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, visible on the dorsal surface and extending from the apex to about the middle of the mericarp, 2 on the commissure, the seed face plane. 1. Heracleum Janatum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 166. 1803. Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), McClintock Canyon, Black Mesa (Apache or Navajo County), 7,500 to 9,000 feet. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada. A coarse plant, reported to be relished by livestock. The young leaves and stems were eaten by the Indians. The root appears to be somewhat stimulant and carminative and has been used in epilepsy. It is reported that the Apache Indians used it medicinally. Contact with the wet foliage is stated to cause dermatitis in susceptible persons. 29. DAUCUS. Carror Plant annual, caulescent, variously hispid; leaves 3- to 4-pinnati- sect, the leaflets small, linear; peduncles terminal; umbels compound; involucre foliaceous, equaling or exceeding the rays, pinnately de- compound into short lnear or lanceolate segments; bractlets of the involucel linear, about equaling the pedicels; calyx teeth obsolete; corolla white; stylopodium none; fruit oblong, 3 to 5 mm. long, some- what flattened dorsally, the primary ribs slender, bristly, the secondary ribs with a single row of prominent barbed bristles, the oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, the seed face plane to concave. 1. Daucus pusillus Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 164. 1803. Mohave County to Greenlee, Santa Cruz, Pima, and (doubtless) Yuma Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, spring. South Carolina to Flor- ida, west to Missouri, Arizona, Washington, California, and Mexico. This humble relative of the cultivated carrot (D. carota L.) is known in California as rattlesnake-weed. It is reported that the Navajo Indians ate the roots, both raw and cooked. 92. CORNACEAE. DocGwoop FAMILY Small trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, without stipules, the blades entire; flowers perfect or dioecious, regular, small, the parts in 4’s or 5’s; ovary inferior. 658 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the genera 1. Flowers in catkins, dioecious, apetalous__.-2 2-2-2 22 ee 1. GARRYA. 1. Flowers in flat-topped compound cymes, perfect, with petals____ 2. Cornus. 1. GARRYA. SILKTASSEL Large evergreen shrubs, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves op- posite, simple, short-petioled, the blades thick, entire or nearly so; flowers of both sexes in loose or dense catkinlike spikes, the staminate ones in clusters of 3, the pistillate flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts; calyx with tube adnate to the ovary, the limb reduced to 4 teeth or lobes in the stamimate flowers, obsolete or nearly so in the pistillate flowers; fruit berrylike, dry or juicy. Sometimes called quinine-bush and coffeeberry-bush. The leaves are bitter, and an alkaloid, garryin, obtained from 1 or 2 species of the genus, is used medicinally. The plants are sometimes browsed by cattle and deer. Both of the Arizona species occur usually in the chaparral association, on dry slopes and in canyons. Key to the species 1. Inflorescences spiciform, dense (especially the pistillate ones); bracts not leaflike, triangular, strongly connate; fruits ellipsoid-ovoid, acutish at apex, densely whitish sericeous; leaf blades entire or nearly so, when mature copiously grayish-sericeous to glabrate above, densely sericeous- tomentose beneath, the Jarger ones commonly 5 cm. long or longer. 1. G. FLAVESCENS. 1. Inflorescences of both sexes loose; bracts leaflike, not triangular, connate only at base; fruits globose, rounded at apex, when ripe glabrous or very nearly so and dark blue with a slight bloom; leaf blades more or less callous- denticulate, when mature glabrous or pulverulent on both faces (sometimes very sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath with straight hairs), the larger ones commonly Tess’ tham 5 em. longs =_" 3222 ce = 2. G. WRIGHTII. 1. Garrya flavescens S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Garrya mollis Greene, Leaflets 2: 86.. 1910. Coconino, Mohave, Gila, Yavapai, and Yuma Counties, 2,500 to 7,200 feet, January to March, type of G. mollis from Oak Creek Canyon, Coconino County (Pearson 339). Southern Utah and Arizona to southern California. This shrub attains a height of at least 1.8 m. (6 feet). The leaves are sometimes 25 cm. long. The bark is grayish green. 2. Garrya wrightii Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 136. 1856. Coconino County to Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, dry slopes, July and August. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. The plant is sometimes 3 m. (10 feet) high. 2. CORNUS. Doagwoop Shrub, with purplish-red young bark; leaves opposite, the blades ovate, entire, finely appressed-pubescent, whitish beneath; flowers small; calyx limb of 4 minute teeth, the tube wholly adnate to the ovary; petals 4, white; fruit a drupe, normally white when mature. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 659 1. Cornus stolonifera Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 92. 1803. Cornus instolonea A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 53: 224. 1912. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, along streams, often with willows and alder, June and July. Canada and Alaska, south to the District of Columbia, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Red-osier dogwood, so called because the bark resembles that of some willows. The fruits are very attractive to birds. 93. LENNOACEAE. LENNOA FAMILY 1. AMMOBROMA.? SanpDRoOOT, SANDFOOD Plant without chlorophyll, a root parasite; stems thick, succulent, subterranean; leaves reduced to scales; flowers regular, perfect, small, very numerous on an expanded receptacle; sepals filiform, plumose-hairy; corolla funnelform, its lobes normally 6 to 9; stamens borne on the corolla. 1. Ammobroma sonorae Te orr. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 5:327. 1854. Southern Yuma cae ee the Mexican boundary (Harrison and Kearney 8435), below 500 feet, drifting sand, April. Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Sonora. One of the most remarkable plants in the Arizona flora. Only the saucer-shaped receptacle is normally seen above ground. This is commonly 3.5 to 12.5 em. in diameter, about the color of the sur- rounding sand, and thickly studded with tiny violet-colored flowers, opening in successive circles. The long, succulent underground stems are attached to the roots of various desert shrubs. They were formerly much used as food by a western group of Papago Indians, the ‘‘Sand Papagos,’’ who ate them raw, roasted, or ground into meal. 94. ERICACEAE. HEATHER FAMILY Plants of various habit, herbaceous to treelike, with or without chlorophyll, often evergreen; flowers perfect, regular or nearly so; corolla gamopetalous or the petals nearly separate; stamens free from the corolla or nearly so; anthers mostly opening by terminal pores, commonly awned; style 1; ovary superior or inferior; fruit dry or juicy. Key to the genera 1. Plants saprophytic, without green-coloring matter, yellowish brown or red; leaves reduced to scales; anthers not beaked; style erect, stout (2). 2. Petals separate; anthers not awned, opening at apex; ovary borne on a deeply toothed disk; seeds not winged but with taillike extensions of a ee ee ee 1. MoNnorropa. 2. Petals united below; anthers with 2 long dorsal awns, opening lengthwise; disk none; seeds with a hyaline wing much larger than the body. 2. PTEROSPORA. 2 Reference: THACKERY, F. A., and GILMAN, M. F. A RARE PARASITIC FOOD PLANT OF THE SOUTHWEST. Smithsn. Inst. Ann. Rpt. 1930: 409-416. 1931. 660 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Plants autophytic and green, the leaves with well-developed blades, except sometimes in Pyrola aphylla (8). 3. Petals separate; plants small, herbaceous or barely suffrutescent; anthers not awned, opening by pores and often tubular-beaked at the apparent apex (4). 4. Filaments greatly dilated above the base; flowers in corymbs (rarely solitary); well-developed leaves borne along the stem. 3. CHIMAPHILA. 4. Filaments not dilated above the base, glabrous; flowers in racemes, or solitary; well-developed leaves all basal or nearly so (5). 5. Flowers several; petals converging at anthesis; style often declined; stigma lobes very short; valves of the capsule sparsely arachnoid- pubescent on the edges when opening______________ 4. PYROLA. 5. Flower solitary; petals spreading at anthesis; style straight; stigma lobes elongate, triangular, narrow;: valves of the capsule not pubescent on jthered tess sae Mee «he ee ees a! Saye 5. MONESES. 3. Petals united, the corolla cylindric-urceolate; plants shrubby or arborescent, ee tall; anthers with 2 dorsal awns, opening by apical pores or slits (6). 6. Ovary wholly inferior; plants small shrubs; leaves thin, deciduous; fruit a more or less juicy berry, crowned by the persistent calyx. 8. VACCINIUM. 6. Ovary wholly superior; plants mostly large shrubs or arborescent; leaves thick, evergreen; fruit not juicy (7). 7. Fruit berrylike, only slightly fleshy, the surface granular-tessellate, glabrous=2.. 2 2k) SC Sen ee OE eee Se ee 6. ARBUTUS. 7. Fruit drupelike, dry, the surface not granular, glabrous or glandular- pilose = irae tO. Shite pap pareeet Nes hires SSE hn Lal 7. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. 1. MONOTROPA. PINEsSAP Plant saprophytic, yellowish brown or red; stems beset with scale- like leaves; flowers soon nodding; calyx of 3 to 5 separate bractlike sepals; anthers more or less reniform; style erect. stout; fruit a dehiscent 4- or 5-celled capsule. 1. Monotropa hypopitys L., Sp. Pl. 387. 1753. Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 7,000 to 8,500 feet, rich soil in shade of pines, firs, and aspens, July and August. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The only form known to occur in Arizona is var. latisguama (Rydb.) Kearney and Peebles (Hypopitys latisgquama Rydb.), which differs from the form of the eastern United States (var. americana DC., Hypopitys americana Small) in the pink or red color of the plant, taller and stouter stems up to about 30 cm. long, broader bracts, and more numerous and larger flowers, with petals 10 mm. long or longer. The plant is somewhat fragrant in drying. 2. PTEROSPORA. PINEDROPS Plant with a superficial resemblance to Monotropa but with a more elongate inflorescence, smaller, more numerous, pendulous flowers, and a 5-parted calyx. 1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 269. 1818. Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,500 feet, coniferous forests, July and August. Canada to Pennsylvania, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. 3. CHIMAPHILA. PIpsiss—Ewa Plants herbaceous or nearly so; stems somewhat leafy; leaves evergreen, thick and leathery, tending to form whorls; inflorescences FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 661 corymbose or umbelliform, the flowers nodding; petals pink or whitish, waxlike, spreading. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades lanceolate or ovate, whitish-mottled along the veins; dilated portion of the filaments conspicuously villous______--_ ~~ 1. C. MACULATA. 1. Leaf blades oblanceolate or spatulate, not mottled; dilated portion of the filaments glabrous or merely ciliolate___.____.___------ 2. C. UMBELLATA. 1. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 300. 1814. Pyrola maculata L., Sp. Pl. 396. 1753. Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), about 8,000 feet, among rocks in pine forest (Harrison and Kearney 8100), August. Massa- chusetts and Ontario, south to Georgia, Arizona, and Mexico. Represented in Arizona by var. dasystemma (Torr.) Kearney and Peebles (C. dasystemma Torr.), which differs from most of the eastern specimens of C. maculata in its shorter and broader leaf blades, these 2 to 4 em. long, one-third to two-thirds as wide as long. 2. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 274. 1818. Pyrola umbellata L., Sp. Pl. 396. 1753. Coconino County, Baldy Peak (Apache County), Pinaleno Moun- tains (Graham County), 6,500 feet or higher, coniferous forest, July. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Represented in Arizona by var. acuta (Rydb.) Blake (C. acuta Rydb.), which may be distinguished from other forms of C. wmbellata by its narrowly oblanceolate, acute or acutish, few-toothed leaves, not prominently veined beneath. The type of C. acuta Rydb. was collected on the Mogollon Escarpment, head of Tonto Basin (Mearns 136). 4. PYROLA Small herbaceous perennials, more or less scapose; leaves mostly basal or nearly so, evergreen, usually with well-developed blades; flowers several, nodding, in terminal racemes; corolla nearly globose; anthers commonly reversed at anthesis, the basal pore appearing apical. Key to the species 1. Stamens connivent; style straight, the stigma much wider than the apex of the style, the latter not expanded into a ring or collar; plants with well- developed green leaves; Jeaf blades oblong-ovate, serrulate; racemes secund; corolla campanulate, with connivent, greenish-white petals; anthers. not. beaked; style 3 to 4 mm. Jong________-_-- 1... P> SECUNDA. 1. Stamens not connivent, often declined; style bent at base, more or less curved upward toward the apex; stigma narrower than the apex of the style, the latter expanded into a ring or collar (2). 2. Basal leaves, when present, with greatly reduced blades not more than 5 mm. wide; plant almost or quite devoid of chlorophyll; petals greenish ISROMMEOULSIO Ce <2 eee BE ee Fe oper Ds 2. P.: APHYLLA. 2. Basal leaves with well-developed green blades at least 1 em. wide; petals greenish white (38). 3. Leaf blades more or less whitish-mottled along the veins, ovate or oval, thick, 3 to 8 cm. long, usually longer than the petiole, denticulate to nearly entire; anther cells narrowed or beaklike at the Bppares apex. é - PICTA: 662 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Leaf blades uniformly green above (4). 4. Leaf blades commonly shorter than the petiole, suborbicular, thickish; anther cells narrowed or beaklike at the apparent apex. 4. P. CHLORANTHA. 4. Leaf blades equaling or longer than the petiole, elliptic or obovate-oval, thin; anther cells not or very slightly narrowed at the apparent apex. 5. PS ELLIPTICA. 1. Pyrola secunda L., Sp. Pl. 396. 1753. Mountains of Apache, Coconino, Graham, and Pima Counties, 7,200 to 9,500 feet, coniferous forests, July and August. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Sidebells pyrola. 2. Pyrola aphylla J. E. Smith, Rees’s Cycl. 29: No. 7. 1814. “Northern Arizona,” probably near Kanab, Utah (Mrs. Thompson in 1872). This species, mainly of the Pacific Coast States, is represented in Arizona by var. paucifolia Howell (var. foliosa Andres?) with basal leaves having distinct but very small blades.® 3. Pyrola picta J. E. Smith, Rees’s Cycl. 29: No. 8. 1814. Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County, 9,700 feet (Shreve 4304, Thornber and Shreve 8048, in part). Montana to British Columbia, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 4. Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1810: 190. 1810. Lukachukai and White Mountains (Apache County) and Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County) to the Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County) and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,500 to 10,000 feet, coniferous forests, July and August. Canada to the District of Columbia, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Europe. 5. Pyrola elliptica Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 273. 1818. Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County, 8,800 feet (Shreve 5257), Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County, 7,500 feet (Peebles et al. 2524), reported also from the Grand Canyon, July. Canada to the District of Columbia, New Mexico, and Arizona. Shinleaf. 5. MONESES Resembles Pyrola except in the characters given in the key to the oenera. 1. Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray, Man. 273. 1848. Pyrola unifiora 1u., op. Pl..397. Lae. San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), Baldy Peak (Apache County), 10,000 to 11,500 feet, July and August. Widely distri- buted in the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. One of the most attractive of the Arizona high mountain plants. 6. ARBUTUS. Maprono Usually a tree, up to 15 m. (50 feet) high, with smooth, thin, ex- foliating bark; leaves alternate, thick, evergreen, somewhat shiny 3W. H. Camp (Aphyllous forms in Pyrola. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 67: 453-465. 1940) has pointed out recently that several collections, including one by Mearns at Baker Butte, Coconino County, Ariz., comprise both P. picta and aphyllous or nearly aphyllous forms, under the same number. He concludes that P. aphylla is merely an extreme form of P. picta (forma aphylla (J. E. Smith) Camp). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 663 above; flowers in terminal racemes or panicles; corolla urn-shaped, white or pink, the lobes short; stamens 10; fruit berrylike, the surface tessellate-warty. 1. Arbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg., Gard. and Forest 4: 317. 1891. Arbutus ralapensis H. B. K. var. arizonica A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2,21: 396. 1886. Mountains of Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, often with live oaks, April to September. Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. Arizona madrofio. 7. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. 4 Manzanita Shrubs, large or small; leaves mostly alternate, thick, evergreen; flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, much like those of Arbutus; fruit globose, several-seeded, the surface (in the Arizona species) smooth or nearly so. A. pungens and A. pringlei are characteristic plants of the chaparral association in Arizona. The wood is very hard and the smooth, ma- hogany-colored bark is distinctive. The plants are seldom browsed except by goats. Birds, bears, and other animals eat the fruits, and a delicious jelly can be ‘made from the unripe fruits of A. pungens. A. uva-ursi is employed for treating disorders of the urinary tract, and it is reported that a decoction of the leaves of A. pungens has been used locally in Arizona as a remedy for stomach trouble. Key to the spectes 1. Plant with creeping, much-branched stems, forming large mats close to the ground; leaf blades spatulate, obtuse or "retuse______ 3 A. UVA-URSI. 1. Plants large shrubs; stems normally erect or ascending, 1 m. “Jong or longer; leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, exceptionally oblanceolate or obovate (2). 2. Twigs, leaves, pedicels, and calyx glandular-pilose; ovary (and often the mature fruit) pubescent; bracts commonly more than 3 mm. long, thin, often pink; leaf blades commonly rounded or subcordate at base. 2. A. PRINGLEI. 2. Twigs and leaves puberulent or subtomentose when young, then glabrate; pedicels, calyx, and ovary glabrous, or the calyx ciliolate; bracts com- monly only 2 to 3 mm. long, thickish, firm (3). 3. Leaf blades pale or bluish green, mostly elliptic or lanceolate, usually acute or acutish and pungent at apex, commonly narrowed or sub- cuneate at base, seldom more than 1.5 em. wide; branches of the in- florescence subtomentose, not glandular__________ 3. A. PUNGENS. 3. Leaf blades bright green, broadly ovate or suborbicular, usually obtuse or rounded at apex and rounded or truncate at base, commonly 2 to 3cem. wide; branches of the infloréscence glandular-pubescent. A. PATULA. 1. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 287. 1825. Arbutus uva-ursi L., Sp. Pl. 395. 1753. Included in the Arizona flora on the doubtful basis of a collection labeled only “Arizona” (Palmer in 1869). Widely distributed in the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Known as bearberry, sandberry, and kinnikinnick. 4 References: EASTWOOD, ALICE. AREVISION OF ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Leaflets West. Bot. 1: 105-127. 1934. ApAms, J. E. A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE GENUS ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 56: 1-42, 1940, \ 664 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 2: 494. 1887. Southern Coconino County and” Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County) to the Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County) and the Rin- con and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 4,000 to 6,500 feet, common on dry slopes, often with cypress, juniper, and pinyon, April to June. Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. A large shrub, often 2 m. (6 feet) high. 3. Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 278. 1818. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, abundant on dry slopes, often accompanied by A. pringler, March and April. New Mexico, southern Utah, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. Pointleaf manzanita. Asmallershrub than A. pringlei, with a more pronounced tendency to form dense thickets, these often nearly impenetrable because of the rigid, crooked stems. Exceptionally broad-leaved specimens, e. g., a collection at the Grand Canyon (Tide- strom 2350), resemble the next species except in the absence of glan- dular pubescence. 4. Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891. Arctostaphylos pungens var. platyphylla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 28. 1878. Arctostaphylos platyphylla Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 385. 1891. Navajo Mountain and north rim of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 7,000 to 8,500 feet, coniferous forests, May and June. Colorado to northern Arizona and California. Greenleaf manzanita. In Arizona alow shrub, commonly not more than 1 m. (3 feet) high, thicket-forming, the stems rooting where they touch the soil. Reported to be very resistant to fire. The foliage is brighter green than in the other species. 8. VACCINIUM. BLUEBERRY, WHORTLEBERRY The Arizona species a low shrub, less than 0.5 m. high; twigs yellow- ish or tinged with red, acutely angled; leaf blades ovate, oval, oblan- ceolate, or obovate, distinctly serrulate, rounded to acutish at apex, 1 to 3 em. long; corolla about 4 mm. long; fruit black purple, not glau- cous, up to 8 mm. in diameter, juicy. 1. Vaccinium oreophilum Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 148. 1906. ; White Mountains (Apache County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 9,000 to 11,000 feet, July. Canada to New Mexico and Arizona. This plant is closely related to V. membranaceum Dougl., a common species of the northwestern United States and British Columbia, but is smaller in all its parts. On Baldy Peak above 9,000 feet it is an important element of the ground cover in spruce forests. 95. PRIMULACEAE. | Primrose FAMILY Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial, scapose or with leafy stems; leaves simple, entire or shallowly dentate; inflorescence various; FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 665 flowers perfect, regular; corolla gamopetalous but sometimes cleft nearly to the base; stamens inserted separately on the corolla; style and stigma 1; ovary superior or partly inferior, 1-celled. The family includes some highly ornamental plants, notably several species of Primula that are much cultivated under the names prim- rose and cowslip, and the well known cyclamen. Key to the genera 1. Ovary partly inferior, its base enveloped by and adnate to the base of the calyx it nea RS SEE ee A eS 2 ae eee 3. SAMOLUS. 1. Ovary superior, not adnate to the calyx tube (2). 2. Plants caulescent, the stems leafy; corolla rotate (3). 3. Flowers numerous, in leafy panicles; corolla yellow; capsule dehiscent senecrcacdinmaliy:. "08 A Pepe ey ge ee at 4. LyYSIMACHIA. 3. Flowers few, solitary, axillary; capsule circumscissile, globose; plants small, annual (4). 4. Corolla normally red, longer than the calyx; leaves opposite; filaments (ani: ht Do ae eek ee ee ee 5. ANAGALLIS. 4. Corolla whitish, shorter than the calyx; leaves alternate; filaments not fecriteen eer oe Pee Ee a, 6. CENTUNCULUS. 2. Plants acaulescent or nearly so; flowers in umbels or solitary at the apex of the scape; corolla white or purplish pink, often with a differently colored eye (5). 5. Corolla with entire reflexed lobes and a dark eye, showy; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, exserted, the filaments united at least at base, the anthers connivent around the pistil____ 7. DoDECATHEON. 5. Corolla with erect or spreading lobes; stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla, included, the filaments separate, the anthers not con- nivent (6). 6. Plants perennial; flowers relatively large and showy_..- 1. PRiImuvta. 6. Plants annual; flowers small and inconspicuous__-__-- 2. ANDROSACE 1. PRIMULA.® Primrose Plants scapose, often tufted; calyx tube elongate, angled; corolla surpassing the calyx at anthesis, often with obcordate lobes, the limb pink or reddish purple, the throat open, greenish or yellowish; capsule opening apically by valves or teeth. Key to the species 1. Seapes stout, up to 55 em. long; leaf blades entire or nearly so; pedicels and calyx copiously to densely glandular-puberulent, not at all mealy; corolla with a limb 2 cm. or more in diameter, the lobes shallowly notched or nearly entire, the tube not or but slightly surpassing the calyx___ 1. P. parry. 1. Scapes slender, not more than 25 cm. long; leaf blades denticulate or dentate; pedicels and calyx not glandular-puberulent, more or less white-mealy; corolla with a limb less than 2 em. in diameter, the lobes distinctly notched, the tube surpassing the calyx (2). 2. Leaf blades denticulate or dentate, pruinose but not mealy beneath; calyx mealy only at base and near the margins of the lobes___ 2. P. Russyt1. 2. Leaf blades conspicuously and irregularly dentate, more or less white-mealy beneath, at least when young; calyx mealy over most or all of its POT REE IE isa Bs sn eeepc in eo gg a a Sa 3. P. SPECUICOLA. 1. Primula parryi A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 34: 257. 1862. San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), Baldy Peak (Apache County), 10,000 to 12,000 feet, among rocks, often along brooks, June to August. Montana and Idaho to New Mexico and Arizona. The pliant is showy but rather coarse, and the flowers have an odor of carrion. 5 Reference: WILLIAMS, L.O. REVISION OF THE WESTERN PRIMULAS. Amer. Midland Nat. 17: 741-748. 666 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Primula rusbyi Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 8: 122. 1881. Mountains of Graham, @ochiee: and Pima Counties, 7,500 to 10,300 feet, usually on damp mossy ledges, May to July. New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 3. Primula specuicola Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 40: AGI. TOKE ?Primula hunnewellii Fernald, Rhodora 36: 117. 1934. North rim of the Grand Canyon, flowering June (Hastwood and Howell 1024, a rather large form with some of the scapes 15 cm. long), type of the doubtfully distinct P. hunnewellii also from the Grand Canyon. Southern Utah and northern Arizona. 2. ANDROSACE & Small tufted plants; flowers inconspicuous, slender-pedicelled, in umbels subtended by an involucre of small, nearly separate bracts; corolla constricted at the throat, white or whitish, not surpassing the calyx at anthesis. Key to the species 1. Bracts subtending the inflorescences elliptic or ovate and more or less rhombic; plants of low altitudes (below 5,000 feet), flowering in early spring. il. OCCIDENTALIS. 1. Bracts lanceolate or subulate; plants of high altitudes (above 6,000 feet), Aowering 1 SUMMERS «°2 2 eee ee eee 2. A. SEPTENTRIONALIS. 1. Androsace occidentalis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 137. 1814. Graham, Pinal, Maricopa, Gockise Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5, 000 feet, along streams and on hillsides, February to April. Western Canada to Illinois, Texas, and Arizona. The var. arizomea (A. Gray) St. John (A. arvzonica A. Gray) with larger, green and foliaceous calyx lobes, these more spreading than in the typical form or even slightly recurved, is found throughout most of the range of the species in Arizona. It often erows with the typical form and intergrades with it. 2. Androsace septentrionalis L., Sp. Pl. 142. 1753. Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), White Mountains (Apache County), south to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 7,000 to 12,000 feet, usually in springy places in coniferous forests, May to September. Widely distributed in the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Key to the varieties 1. Scapes few, often only 1 strongly developed, this strictly erect; central pedicels straight, erect or nearly so, the outer ones mostly ascending (2) 2 -Pedicels not clandulartes. 2 oe 5 ols ae A. SEPTENTRIONALIS (typical). 2. Pedicels bearing dark stipitate glands_______________- var. GLANDULOSA. 1. Scapes several, of nearly equal length; pedicels mostly spreading or ascending- spreading (8). 3. Plant pale green; scapes 10 to 25 cm. long, about twice as Tong as the slender, flexuous, wide-spreading, often very numerous pedicels. var. SUBULIFERA. 6 Reference: St. JOHN, HAROLD. REVISION OF CERTAIN NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANDROSACE. Victoria Mus. Mem. 126: 45-55. 1922. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 667 3. Plants dark green or reddish; scapes less than 10 em. long or, if slightly more than 10 em. long, then more than twice as long as the pedicels (4). . 4. Seapes not more than 3 em. long; pedicels few, relatively short and stout. var. SUBUMBELLATA. 4. Seapes 5 em. long or longer; pedicels numerous (5). 5. Calyx glabrous or nearly so; pedicels sparsely puberulent. var. DIFFUSA. 5. Calyx copiously to densely puberulent at base of the tube and on the lobes; pedicels usually densely puberulent_._ var. PUBERULENTA. The varieties intergrade and are difficult to distinguish. The typical form of the species apparently does not occur in Arizona, but var. glandulosa (Woot. and Standl.) St. John (A. glandulosa Woot. and Standl.) has been collected several times in the region of Flagstaff and the San Francisco Peaks and in the White Mountains. The var. subulifera A. Gray (A. subulifera Rydb.) is reported from Pres- cott, and a form intermediate between var. subulifera and var. glandu- losa from the base of the San Francisco Peaks. The var. subumbellata A. Nels. (A. subumbellata Small) occurs at higher altitudes than any other form, ascending to 12,000 feet on the San Francisco Peaks. By far the most abundant and widely distributed of the Arizona forms is var. diffusa (Small) Knuth (A. diffusa Small), which occurs throughout the range of the species in Arizona. The var puberulenta (Rydb.) Knuth (A. puberulenta Rydb.) is not known definitely to occur in Arizona, but specimens from the Kaibab Plateau and the vicinity of Flagstaff have been so identified. 3. SAMOLUS. WatTERPIMPERNEL Plants mostly perennial, glabrous or nearly so; stems leafy, at least below; leaf blades broad, entire; flowers small, pedicelled, in loose racemes or panicles, the petals white; capsule globose, opening apically by valves. Key to the species 1. Leaves crowded near the base of the stem, the blades broadly spatulate; pedicels bractless, ascending, rather stiff; corolla 3 mm. long or longer. 1. S. EBRACTEATUS. 1. Leaves scattered along the stem, the blades oval, elliptic, or somewhat obovate; pedicels bearing a small bract, spreading, lax; corolla less than 3 mm. long (2). 2. Stems erect or ascending, bearing several or numerous leaves; blades of the basal leaves commonly oval or elliptic; inflorescences several- to many- flowered; bract borne near the middle of the pedicel; calyx lobes shorter TOS ELG Re 0 02 a alla aes ee. ae oleh oe) cere aed eles 2. S. FLORIBUNDUS. 2. Stems mostly procumbent, stolonlike, bearing few leaves; blades of the basal leaves obovate or spatulate; inflorescences few-flowered; bract borne usually near the base of the pedicel; calyx lobes equaling or longer than (tie de ee) 2S BS. ee el et ete FS 3. S. VAGANS. *1. Samolus ebracteatus H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 223. 1817. Not known definitely from Arizona but has been collected along the Muddy River, Nevada, near the northwestern border. Florida to Texas, southern Nevada; Mexico, West Indies. 2. Samolus floribundus H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 224. 1817. Navajo, Yavapai, Greenlee, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, wet soil along streams, April to August. Throughout most of North America; South America. { | 668 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Samolus vagans Greene, Repert. Spec. Novarum Reegni Veg. 7: 196. 1909: Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, in sand near springs and brooks, May to October, type from Chiri- cahua Mountains (Blumer 1546). Apparently known only from southeastern Arizona. 4. LYSIMACHIA. LOoosEs7TRIFE Plant perennial; stems leafy; leaves opposite or appearing whorled, the petioles conspicuously ciliate, the blades lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate; corolla rotate, yellow; stamens borne on a ring at base of the corolla, the 5 fertile ones alternating with 5 staminodia. 1. Lysimachia ciliata L., Sp. Pl. 147. 1753. Steironema ciliatum Raf., Ann. Gén. Phys. 7: 192. 1820. Apache, Coconino, and Gila Counties, 6,000 to 7,500 feet, moist rich soil, July and August. Canada to Georgia, New Mexico, Arizona, and Washington. Represented in Arizona by var. validula (Greene) Kearney and Peebles (Steironema validulum Greene), which differs from most eastern specimens of Z. ciliata in its relatively narrow leaf blades, these, at most, obscurely cilolate. The type of S. validulum was collected near Flagstaff, Coconino County (Lemmon in 1884). 5. ANAGALLIS. PiveerRne. Stems low, spreading or procumbent; leaves ovate, sessile; peduncles surpassing the leaves; corolla rotate with scarcely any tube, normally red, the lobes denticulate and bearing stalked glands on the margin. The flowers quickly close at the approach of storms, hence the English name poormans-weatherglass. 1. Anagallis arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 148. 1753. Sacaton (Pinal County), Tucson (Pima County), probably else- where, a weed in lawns, April and later. Widely distributed in North America; naturalized from Europe. . 6. CENTUNCULUS. CuHaAFFWEED Stems short, tufted, ascending, leafy; flowers small, nearly sessile; corolla with a rotate limb and a short tube, usually persistent at the apex of the capsule. 1. Centunculus minimus L., Sp. Pl. 116. 1753. Graham, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, about 4,000 feet, wet soil along streams, apparently rare in Arizona but easily overlooked. Illinois and Minnesota to British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona; Europe. 7. DODECATHEON. SwHoorTinestaR Perennial acaulescent herbs, with a short rootstock, glabrous or nearly so; leaves in a basal rosette, petioled; scapes elongate, bearing 1 to many showy flowers in a terminal umbel; calyx and corolla deeply cleft, the lobes narrow; capsule ovoid, dehiscent by valves. Handsome plants, sometimes cultivated as ornamentals. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 669 Key to the species 1. Leaf blades thin, bright green, ovate or ovate-oblong, not or scarcely more than twice as long as wide, sinuate to coarsely dentate, rounded, truncate, or subcuneate at base, abruptly contracted into petioles often longer than the blades; flowers usually very few, sometimes solitary; corolla lobes iil ee elf alt Nag BE. A ay Nee il nh Ah RO, 2 gl fb: BiiasiAr. 1. Leaf blades thickish, dull green, oblanceolate, more (often much more) than twice as long as wide, entire or subsinuate, tapering into petioles shorter than the blades; flowers commonly 4 to 6; corolla lobes pink, drying purple (2). 2. Filaments very short or nearly obsolete, purple; leaf blades up to 10 ecm. lon 2. D. RADICATUM. 2. Filaments well developed, one-third as long to equaling the anthers, yellow. leaf blades seldom more than 5 em. long__--=~--- 3. D. PAUCIFLORUM; 1. Dodecatheon ellisiae Standl., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 26: 195. 1913. Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 8,000 to 9,500 feet, rich moist soil in coniferous for- ests, June to August. New Mexico and southern Arizona. Resembles D. dentatum Hook., but the anthers are pointed and the short caudex is vertical. 2. Dodecatheon radicatum Greene, Erythea 3: 37. 1895. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 6,200 to 10,000 feet, June to August. South Dakota and Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 3. Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand) Greene, Pittonia 2: 72. 1890. Dodecatheon meadia L. var. pauciflorum Durand, Pl. Pratten. 95: 1855: “Northern Arizona’ (Palmer 298, in 1877). Saskatchewan to British Columbia, south to Colorado, Arizona, and California. 96. PLUMBAGINACEAE. PLuMBAGO FAMILY 1. PLUMBAGO Plant suffrutescent; leaves alternate, simple, with entire blades; flowers nearly sessile, in panicles of spikelike racemes, perfect, regular; calyx tubular, beset with stipitate glands; corolla gamopetalous, sal- verform, with a long slender tube; stamens 5, separate, free or nearly free from the corolla; capsule circumscissile near the base. P. capensis, a South African species with sky-blue flowers, is often cultivated as an ornamental in the warmer parts of the United States. The roots and leaves of P. scandens are reported to cause dermatitis in susceptible persons. 1. Plumbago scandens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 215. 1762. Mountains of Pima County, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, in canyons, May to August. Southern Florida, southern Arizona, and widely dis- tributed in tropical America. Flowers whitish or tinged with blue. 97. SAPOTACEAE. SApore FAMILY The highly esteemed tropical American fruit sapodilla is produced by Achras zapota L., a tree that also yields chicle, from which chewing gum is manufactured. 670 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. BUMELIA Large shrub with spiny branches; leaves mostly fascicled on the branchlets, the blades oblanceolate- or obovate-cuneate, rusty-lanate beneath; flowers small, perfect, regular, in axillary fascicles; corolla white, with lobelike appendages in the sinuses; stamens 10, of these 5 sterile and petallike; fruit a drupe, with 1 stone. 1. Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 237. 1805. Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 122. 1803. Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,300 feet, forming thickets along streams, June. Georgia and Florida to Illinois, Kansas, south- ern Arizona, and northern Mexico. The Arizona form is var. rigida A. Gray (B. rigida Small), which has smaller, more strongly cuneate leaves than in the typical form of the species. In Arizona it is a shrub, ordinarily 2.4 to 3 m. (8 to 10 feet) high. The flowers are very fragrant. Gum exuded from the bark is reported to be used for chewing by children in Texas. 98. OLEACEAE. OLIVE FAMILY Trees, shrubs, or herbs, of diverse habit; leaves simple or pinnate, alternate or opposite; flowers regular, perfect or unisexual, with or without a corolla; stamens 2 or 4; ovary 2-celled; fruit various. The best-known members of this family are olive, ash, and lilac. Key to the genera 1. Leaves pinnately compound or, if unifoliolate, then the blade broad, ovate, oval, or suborbicular; fruit with a conspicuous, mainly terminal, flat wing. 1. FRAxXINUS. 1. Leaves simple; fruit not winged (2). 2. Flowers often unisexual, appearing before the leaves; corolla none or rudi- mentary; cruliacs 4-seeded, drulpess_ == a= ee eee ee 2. FORESTIERA. 2. Flowers perfect, appearing after the leaves; corolla large; fruit a membra- naceous, didymous capsule with 2 to 4 seeds in each cell. 3. MENODORA. 1. FRAXINUS.’ Asx Trees or large shrubs; leaves opposite, commonly pinnate, petioled; flowers in racemes or panicles, mostly unisexual, apetalous or with a 4-parted corolla; stamens commonly 2, with large anthers; fruit dry, with a large flat terminal wing, indehiscent; seeds 1 or 2. Some of the North American ashes are important timber trees, but the species occurring in Arizona do not grow large enough to make the wood valuable. The herbage is of limited value as browse. The Arizona ash (F. velutina var. glabra) is an exceptionally fine shade tree and is planted extensively in dooryards and along streets in southern Arizona. Key to the species 1. Twigs evidently quadrangular; wing of the fruit extending nearly or quite to the base of the thin, strongly compressed body; twigs and foliage glabrous or glabrate (rarely decidedly pubescent in F. lowelliz); corolla none; fruit elliptic or obovate, obtuse or truncate and often retuse at apex (2). 7 Reference: REHDER, ALFRED. THE GENUS FRAXINUS IN NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 53: 199-212. 1917. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 671 2. Leaves 1- or 3-foliolate, the single or terminal leaflet broadly ovate or orbicular, truncate or short-cuneate at base, commonly obtuse or retuse at apex, the margin entire to crenate; plant commonly a shrub. 1. F. ANOMALA. 2. Leaves 3-, 5-, or 7-foliolate; leaflets elliptic or ovate, the terminal one usually obovate, cuneate at base, the margin crenate-serrate; plant a small tree. 2. F. LOWELLII. 1. Twigs terete or rounded-quadrangular; wing of the fruit subterminal, not extending nearly to the base of the body, except sometimes in F. ma- cropetala (3). 3. Corolla present, 4-parted, white, 10 to 15 mm. long; body of the fruit thin, strongly compressed; leafiets not more than 4 em. long, lanceolate to broadly ovate, acutish to acuminate or sometimes obtuse or emarginate, the margin entire or nearly so; fruit spatulate-oblong or oblong-lanceo- late, the wing obtuse or truncate and often emarginate at apex. . EF. MACROPETALA. 3. Corolla none; body of the fruit thick, more or less terete; leaflets commonly 5 or more (4). 4. Old leaves persistent until the flowers appear; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets not more, usually much less, than 4 em. long, coriaceous, sessile, oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, or elliptic, obtuse cr acutish at apex, inconspicuously crenate or dentate, commonly 5; plant a shrub or small tree, glabrous or nearly so; wing of the fruit narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, much longer than the thick body. 4. F. GREGGII. 4. Old leaves deciduous before the flowers appear; rachis not winged; leafiets commonly more than 4 em. long, lanceolate to ovate, mostly acuminate and serrulate or serrate; plants normally small trees. 5. F. VELUTINA. 1. Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par-55> 283. © 1871. Apache County to Coconino County, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, especially common in the Grand Canyon, April. Western Colorado and New Mexico to northern Arizona and southeastern California. Singleleaf ash. A shrub, sometimes 6 m. (20 feet) high. 2. Fraxinus lowellii Sarg. ex Rehder, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. Hose Lo VOLT. Southern Coconino County and eastern Mohave County to western Gila and eastern Maricopa Counties (perhaps also in the Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County), 3,200 to 6,500 feet, mostly along streams, March, type from Oak Creek Canyon (Rehder 53). Known only from Arizona. Lowell ash, commonly shrubby, reaching a height of at least 7.5 m. (25 feet). 3. Fraxinus macropetala Eastw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 30: 494. 1903. Frarinus cuspidata Torr. var. macropetala Rehder, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 53: 201. 1917. Coconino County, chiefly in and near the Grand Canyon, May and June, type from the Grand Canyon (Wooton 1102). Known only from Arizona. Flowering ash, the only species in Arizona having a corolla. The flowers are fragrant. The plant is commonly a large shrub with 1- to 5-foliolate leaves. 286744°—42 45 672 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Fraxinus greggii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 63. 1877. Near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, steep rocky slopes (Goodding in 1936). Western ‘Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. Gregg ash, a handsome shrub or small tree with smooth iron-gray bark and neat foliage. Further study may show the Arizona form to be at least a &00d variety. The twigs in this form are tomentulose and some of the leaves are 7-foliolate. As compared with specimens of F. greggu from Texas and Mexico, the leaflets are broader and more distinctly crenate, the body of the fruit is thinner, longer, more slender and less obtuse, and the wing extends farther toward the base of the fruit. 5. Fraxinus velutina Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 149. 1848. Frarinus standleyi Rehder, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. jor ZUG Gili Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 7,000 feet, along streams, March and April. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. Velvet ash, usually a tree, reaching a height of at least 9 m. (30 feet), extremely variable. The typical form, with copiously pubescent herbage and leaflets subsessile or very short-stalked, is less common in Arizona than 2 varieties. These are: (1) var. towmeyi (Britton) Rehder (/. towmeyi Britton), similar to the typical form in pubescence but with distinctly stalked leaflets; (2) var. glabra (Thornber) Rehder (F’. glabra Thornber), the Arizona ash, with twigs and foliage glabrous or nearly so, the leaflets usually distinctly stalked, often coarsely serrate, occasionally approaching in thickness those of var. coriacea (S. Wats.) Rehder. Both varieties occur throughout the range of the species in Arizona. 2. FORESTIERA. ApegEuia ‘Large, much-branched shrubs; leaves simple, opposite or fascicled at the ends of the branchlets; flowers very small, apetalous or nearly so, in lateral clusters; calyx minute or none; fruit an ellipsoid or narrow- ly ovoid thin-fleshed drupe with a bony seed. The tough wood of Ff. neomexicana is stated to have been used by the Hopi for making digging sticks. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades with entire or slightly sinuate, more or less involute margins, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong, not more (commonly less) than 6 mm. wide, usually 3 or more times as long as wide, commonly pubescent; filaments 3 to 5 mm. long, the anthers dark purple; drupes very asymmetric, ellipsoid or subclavate, about twice as long as thick. 1. F. PHILLYREOIDES. 1. Leaf blades with crenulate or serrulate margins (rarely nearly entire), ovate, obovate, oblanceolate, or rhombic-elliptic, commonly more than 6 mm. wide, usually not more than twice (exceptionally 3 times) as long as wide; filaments usually not more than 3 mm.‘ long, the anthers yellow; drupes symmetric or nearly so, ellipsoid or narrowly ovoid, commonly less than iwiee, as long as thick 2 ear 2 ae ee eee 2. KF. NEOMEXICANA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 673 1. Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Hot. 167. 1859: Piptolepis phillyreoides Benth., Pl. Hartw. 29. 1840. Forestiera shrevei Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 17: 205.1957: Southern Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,500 to 4,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, often forming thickets, December to March, type of F. shrevei from the Ajo Mountains (Shreve 6201). Southern Arizona and Mexico. Reaches a height of at least 2.5 m. (8 feet). What seems to be a form of this species, collected by L. N. Goodding on the summit of the Ajo Mountains, Pima County, has drupes 7.5 to 9.5 mm. long, whereas they do not usually exceed 8 mm. in length in this species. 2. Forestiera neomexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 12> G32.) ASTS:- Carrizo Mountains (Apache County) to Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), south to southern Apache, Gila, and Yavapai Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, April and May. Colorado and Utah to western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Commonly 1.8 to 2.5 m. (6 to 8 feet) high, varying greatly in leaf shape. The var. arizonica Gray (F. arizonica Rydb.), which has the twigs and sometimes the leaves copiously and often persistently soft- pilose (these glabrous or obscurely puberulent in the typical form), occurs throughout most of the range of the species in Arizona. The type of var. arizonica was collected near Prescott by E. Palmer. This variety seems to connect /. neomericana A. Gray and F. pubescens Nutt. 3. MENODORA 8 Perennial herbs or undershrubs; leaves simple, entire, mostly alter- nate; flowers showy, the corolla large, gamopetalous, rotate-campan- ulate, yellow; capsules didymous, thin-walled, circumscissile; seeds commonly 4 in each cell. The plants are reported to be highly palatable to livestock, in some localities constituting a significant proportion of the total forage. Key to the species 1. Calyx lobes normally 5 or 6, additional ones, if present, smaller; herbage and calyx glabrous or nearly so; leaves of the inflorescence mostly reduced to SEER UES LEV LID) 28 12 Ye Fa fe a 1. M. scoparia. 1. Calyx lobes 7 or more; herbage and calyx usually scabrous-puberulent; leaves of the inflorescence small but commonly foliaceous______ 2. M. scaBRa. 1. Menodora scoparia Engelm. in A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 471. 1876. Mohave, Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, dry slopes and mesas, April to July. Arizona, south- eastern California, and northern Mexico. What appears to be an exceptional form of this species, collected in the Ajo Mountains, Pima County (Goodding 4392), is a low, dense shrub, woodier than is usual in WW. scoparia. 8 Reference: STEYERMARK, J. A, A REVISION OF THE GENUS MENODORA. Mo, Bot. Gard. Ann, 19: 87- 160. 1932, 674 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Menodora scabra A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 14: 44. 1852. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Pima County, 1,500 to 7,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, April to August. Western Texas fe southern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern eXIco. In the southern part of the State, a form with woodier, more branched, longer stems, var. ramosissima Steyermark, is commoner than the typical form. The stems are sometimes nearly 1 m. long in this variety. Similar to var. ramosissima except in its longer corolla tube is var. longituba Steyermark, known only from the type collection in the Mazatzal Mountains (Smart 213). 99. LOGANIACEAE. LoGAnNtIA FAMILY A member of this family, Strychnos nux-vomica L., is the source of the powerful drug and poison, strychnine. 1. BUDDLEJA Shrubs; leaves opposite or whorled; flowers small, in dense axillary clusters, these often forming leafy interrupted spikes; flowers perfect, regular, normally 4-merous; anthers sessile or nearly so; fruit a capsule, dehiscing apically, usually 2-valved. Several exotic species are cultivated as ornamental plants, the best- known one being B. davidii, known as butterflybush and summer-liac. B. sessiliflora is used medicinally in Mexico. The name of the genus is usually spelled Buddleia. Key to the species 1. Herbage and inflorescence usually only moderately tomentose to glabrate; leaves distinctly petioled, the blades rather thin, with veins not or scarcely impressed above and not very prominent beneath, lanceolate to rhombic- ovate, acuminate at apex, usually tapering at base, entire or serrate, com- monly at least 5 em. long and 15 mm. wide; glomerules of flowers usually about dem: an. diameter’ 92 2 ee ee ae 1. B. SESSILIFLORA. 1. Herbage and inflorescence densely and conspicuously lanate-tomentose; leaves sessile or nearly so, the blades thick, with veins deeply impressed above and very prominent beneath, linear or narrowly oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acutish at apex, crenate, seldom more than 3 cm. long and 6 mm. wide; glomerules of flowers usually much less than 1 cm. in diameter. B. UTAHENSIS. 1. Buddleja sessiliflora H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 345. 1818. Buddleia pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 86. 1883. Valley of the Santa Cruz River and foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima County (Thornber 7571, 8097), flowering in spring. Southern Arizona and Mexico. *2. Buddleja utahensis Coville, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 7: 69. 1892. The writers have seen no specimens from Arizona, but the plant occurs so near the northwestern border that it is very likely to be found, eventually, within the State. 100. GENTIANACEAE. GEnNTIAN FAMILY Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial, mostly glabrous; leaves simple, entire, commonly opposite, sessile; flowers solitary, or in simple FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 675 or compound cymes, perfect, regular, the corolla gamopetalous; stamens borne separately on the corolla, alternate with its lobes; style 1 or none; stigmas 1 or 2; ovary superior, 1-celled; fruit a capsule. Key to the genera 1. Corolla lobes with 1 or 2 conspicuous fringed glands and pits toward the base of each lobe (2). 2. Corolla not blue, the lobes 4, each with 1 or a pair of large copiously fringed Prarie ANA Pe ee eee 3. FRASERA. 2. Corolla normally blue, the lobes 4 or 5, each with a pair of sparsely fringed neciariierousspite at buse 2.207 Seo. et ee 4. SWeERTIA. 1. Corolla lobes without glands or pits, or these not fringed (3). 3. Lobes of the corolla each bearing a conspicuous divaricate spur; corolla Wy eee es eee Bo Le oa Ne 5. HALeEnta. 3. Lobes of the corolla without spurs; corolla not yellow, but sometimes ochroleucous in genus Gentiana (4). 4. Corolla pink, without folds or fringes, salverform; anthers becoming spirally twisted after-anthesis_._._ = 252 22=_ =. 1. CENTAURIUM. 4. Corolla not pink; anthers not becoming twisted (5). 5. Stamens inserted in the corolla tube; corolla with folds or plaits be- tween the lobes, or fringed in the throat, or the margins of the lobes fringed or erose-dentate (if otherwise, then the corolla ochroleucous and not more than 1 em. long); style short and stout, or none; inflorescence narrow and leafy, or the flowers solitary. 2. GENTIANA 5. Stamens inserted in the corolla throat; corolla without folds or fringes, the lobes entire; style elongate; stigma very large, with broad flattened lobes; ‘inflorescence a loose, small-bracted panicle. 6. EustomMa. 1. CENTAURIUM Plants annual or biennial; stems branched; calyx and the limb of the corolla 4- or 5- parted, the calyx lobes keeled, the corolla salver- | form; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla: stigma 2-lobed. The name canchalagua is sometimes used for these plants. Key to the species 1. Corolla lobes 5, at least 7 mm. long, nearly as long as the tube; stems up to 60 cm. long, slender or stout, with more than 6 pairs of leaves; leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate to broadly elliptic. 1. C. caLycosum. 1. Corolla lobes 4 or 5, not more than 5 mm. long; stems seldom more than 30 cm. long, slender, rarely with more than 6 pairs of leaves (2). 2. Basal leaves not forming a rosette, not conspicuously wider than the stem leaves; plant normally strict, the branches, peduncles, and leaves erect or narrowly ascending; corolla lobes 4 or 5._______ 2. C. EXALTATUM, 2. Basal leaves forming a rosette, conspicuously wider than the stem leaves: plant rather lax, the branches, peduncles, and often the leaves ascending. spreading; corolla lobes normally 3 eee ee -.. 3. C. NUDICAULE, 1. Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fernald, Rhodora 10: 54. 1908. Erythraea calycosa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 18627. 7... 1863: Centaurium arizonicum (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 4: 86. 1908. Almost throughout the State, 150 to 6,000 feet, moist soil, April to October. Western Texas to southern Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and northern Mexico. There is much variation, especially in the width of the leaves and of the corolla lobes, but the writers find no satisfactory basis forthe distinction of varieties. 676 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S&. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE *2. Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) W. F. Wight, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 11: 449. 1906. Erythraea douglasu A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 480. 1876. The only specimen seen by the writers that is surely of this species and that may have come from Arizona is one labeled ‘Southern Utah, northern Arizona, etc.’”’ (Palmer in 1877). Nebraska to Washington, Utah, and California. 3. Centaurium nudicaule (Engelm.) Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sel: Proc. 45:7397. — 190, Erythraea nudicaulis Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc i 222, S82. Santa Catalina and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,000 to 4,000 feet, along streams, April and May, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1881). Southern Arizona and Baja California. Specimens collected at Willow Spring, southern Apache County (Palmer in 1890), and in northeastern Pinal County (Smith 12994), seem to be intermediate between this species and C. exaltatum. 2. GENTIANA. GeEnNTIAN Plants annual or perennial; stems mostly erect, simple or sparingly branched; flowers terminal or axillary, solitary or in cymose clusters, these often forming narrow leafy panicles; corolla cylindric, funnel- form, or salverform, usually with folds, these often extended into teeth or fringed appendages between the lobes; stamens attached to the tube of the corolla; stigmas 2, or the stigma 2-lobed. The medicinal use of gentian root is of great antiquity, but the drug is very mild and probably only a stimulant of gastric secretions. Many of the species are very beautiful in flower. Key to the species 1. Flowers terminal and solitary; plant annual; stems not more than 12 em. long; corolla 9 to 15 mm. long, the lobes entire or nearly so; alpine plants (2). 2. Leaves appressed to the stem, these and the calyx lobes with conspicuous white scarious margins; flower nearly sessile, or the peduncle not more than 1 em. long; corolla salverform with a long, slender tube and spread- ing lobes, whitish or greenish purple, with broad, emarginate folds in the sindiSeses fs ones i Se ace, al ool RB eee 1. G. FREMONTII. 2. Leaves not appressed or scarious-margined; flower borne on a peduncle 2 to 8 em. long; corolla nearly cylindric, the tube about as wide as the throat, the lobes erect, pale blue (sometimes ochroleucous?) without folds in the sinuses; fringed inthe throat 222 23" 2 252 see aes 2. G. MONANTHA. 1. Flowers clustered or, if terminal and solitary, then the corolla more than 20 mm. long (8). 3. Corolla folded in the sinuses, the terminal portion of the folds free and bifid or irregularly dentate or laciniate; plant perennial; leaves thickish; corolla usually violet (4). 4, Flowers solitary or few (not more than 5), terminal and subterminal; corolla campanulate-funnelform, 30 to 40 mm. long, rich violet with a@ green band externally between each pair of folds extending nearly to the apex, the folds 2-cleft at apex and nearly equaling the lobes. 3. G. PARRYI. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 677 4. Flowers usually several or numerous in a more or less elongate inflorescence, some of them usually axillary well below the apex of the stem; corolla narrowly funnelform or subcylindrie (5). 5. Calyx irregular, spathaceous, cleft on one or both sides, toothless or with 1 or 2 subulate teeth much less than one-third as long as the tube. ~ 4. G. FORWOODIIL. 5. Calyx nearly regular, not spathaceous, with 5 well-developed teeth at least one-third as long as the tube; corolla nearly closed in anthesis 6 6. 2 ae relatively short and dense, seldom constituting more than one-third of the length of the stem, not conspicuously leafy- bracted, the floral leaves erect or narrowly ascending, not sur- passing the flowers; stem leaves (excluding the basal and floral ones) with lanceolate blades not more than 5 times as long as wide; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, equaling or somewhat longer than the tube; corolla 25 to 35 mm. long, the lobes acutish to CATED Ler ct t oa Sam N he As Sire SRE one Sa ey 5. G. AFFINIS. 6. Inflorescence elongate and rather loose below, usually constituting more than one-third (sometimes one-half) of the length of the stem, conspicuously leafy-bracted, the floral leaves spreading and much surpassing the flowers; stem leaves with lance-linear blades 7 or more times as long as wide; calyx lobes subulate, from much shorter to longer than the tube; corolla 20 to 25 mm. long, the lobes obtuse and apiculate______-__~- 6. G. BIGELOVII. 3. Corolla without folds in the sinuses (7). 7. Lobes of the corolla with erose or fimbriate margins; flowers usually 4- merous, solitary or not more than 8; corolla 25 mm. long or longer, not fimbriate internally (8). 8. Plant perennial; flowers solitary, sessile or very nearly so, closely in- vested by the bractlike uppermost pair of leaves, occasionally also with 1 or 2 closely contiguous axillary flowers on short, bractless peduncles; corolla lobes long-fimbriate from below the apex nearly to the base; filaments bearded below; stems not more than 15 em. [Cy 7 ie Bas 2p. ae Se aoa res cae a ee ne 7. G. BARBELLATA. 8. Plant annual; flowers solitary, on naked peduncles at least 2 cm. long (usually much longer); margins of the corolla lobes erose and fimbriate at and near the apex; filaments naked (9). 9. Stems from base to the uppermost leaves not more than 25 em. long, seldom with more than 8 pairs of leaves; peduncle up to 15 em. long but usually much shorter; calyx lobes shorter to somewhat longer than the tube; corolla 25 to 45 (rarely 50) mm. long. G. THERMALIS. 9. Stems to the uppermost leaves 20 to 50 em. long, often with 4 or more pairs of leaves; peduncle 10 to 20 cm. long; calyx lobes much longer than the tube; corolla 45 to 60mm. long_ 9. G. GRANDIS. 7. Lobes of the corolla with entire or nearly entire margins; flowers usually 5-merous, numerous, in terminal and lateral clusters; corolla not more than 25 mm. long, fimbriate internally (except in G. microcalyz); plant annual or biennial; stems quadrangular, the angles often nar- rowly winged (10). 10. Calyx without a distinct tube, parted or cleft very nearly to the base, the lobes strikingly dissimilar, 2 of them foliaceous, about one-third longer and at least twice as wide as the others; corolla pale blue or GelnemieHeatis = ont Sees ee Pk 10. G. HETEROSEPALA. 10. Calyx with a distinct but short tube, the lobes unequal in length and width but not strikingly dissimilar (11). 11. Corolla 20 to 25 mm. long, ochroleucous; calyx lobes lanceolate, sharply acuminate; plant strict, the branches nearly erect. G. WRIGHTII. 11. Corolla less than 20 mm. long (12). 12. Calyx spathaceous (split down one side), the tube thin-scarious, much like the corolla in texture, whitish or purplish, much longer than the thick, subulate, green teeth, these less than 1 mm. long; corolla conspicuously fimbriate internally. 12, G. WISLIZENI. 678 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 12. Calyx not spathaceous, the tube not like the corolla in texture, much shorter than the teeth (13). 13. Plant open, the branches ascending at a relatively wide angle; calyx 2 to 3mm. long; corolla ochroleucous, naked internally. 13. G. MICROCALYX. 13. Plant strict, the branches erect or nearly so; calyx 5 to 10 mm. long; corolla ochroleucous to violet, fimbriate internally. 1 G. STRICTIFLORA. 1. Gentiana fremontii Torr. in Frém., Exped. Rocky Mount. Rpt. 94. 1845. Chondrophylla fremontir A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 245. 1904. San Francisco Peaks (Toumey 490, in 1892), probably above 10,000 feet, summer. Alberta to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 2. Gentiana monantha A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 244. 1904. San Francisco Peaks, 11,500 to 12,000 feet (Knowlton 131, Little 4728), August. Colorado and Idaho to northern Arizona. 3. Gentiana parryi Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 218. 1863. Dasystephana parryi Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 149. 1906. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), 8,500 to 11,300 feet, alpine and subalpine mea- dows, August and September. Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico and eastern Arizona. 4. Gentiana forwoodii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 86. 1888. De Motte Park, Kaibab Plateau (Buckskin Mountains), 9,000 feet (Jones 6056a), September. Alberta to Colorado and northern Arizona. 5. Gentiana affims Griseb. in Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 56. -1838. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and northern Greenlee Counties, 7,200 to 9,500 feet, mountain meadows, August to October. Saskatchewan to British Columbia, south to Colorado and northern Arizona. Flowers dark blue or violet. 6. Gentiana bigelovii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 87. 1888. Dasystephana bigelovii Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 149. 1906. Mountains of Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, August and September. Colorado, New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. The Arizona form, which is very similar to G. interrupta Greene, was referred by Gray to G. bigelovir, but seems at least varietally dis- tinct from typical G. bigelovii of northern New Mexico. 7. Gentiana barbellata Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 216. 1863. Anthopogon barbellatus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 148. 1906. San Francisco Peaks, 10,500 to 12,000 feet (Knowlton 126, Brady . 725/2490, Little 4780), August and September. Wyoming to New Mexico and northern Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 679 8. Gentiana thermalis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 427. 1891. Gentiana elegans A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 276. 1898. Anthopogon elegans Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 148. 1906. Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County, 9,000 feet (Rothrock 751, Shreve 5370), September. Mackenzie to New Mexico and Arizona. 9. Gentiana grandis (A. Gray) Holm, Ottawa Nat. 15: 110. 1901. Gentiana serrata Gunner var. grandis A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2, 2221172. 1886: Huachuca and Santa Rita Mountains (Cochise and Pima Counties), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rich soil in shade along brooks, September and October, type from near Babocomari, Cochise County. Known only from southern Arizona. Arizona’s most beautiful gentian, the very large fringed corolla with a violet-purple limb and white throat veined with purple. It is evidently closely related to the Mexican G. superba Greene. 10. Gentiana heterosepala Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: Dae Soo: Amarella heterosepala Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904. Kaibab Plateau, Grand Canyon, and San Francisco Peaks (Coco- nino County), White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), 7,000 to 11,000 feet, June to September. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 11. Gentiana wrightii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 2': 118. 1886. Known in Arizona only from the type collection, in Santa Cruz County near Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright 1659), flowering in autumn. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 12. Gentiana wislizeni Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 2: 215. 1853. Sierra Blanca (White Mountains), Apache County (Rothrock 799), Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Blumer 1414, Eggleston 10819), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, openings in pine forest, September and October. Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 13. Gentiana microcalyx Lemmon ex Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and pei. Pree id= 222.-— TSS. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Rincon, Santa Rita, and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 7,500 feet, frequent in rich soil in canyons, August to October, type from the Chiricahua Mountains (Lemmon). Known only from southern Arizona. 14. Gentiana strictiflora (Rydb.) A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 34: 26. 1902. Gentiana acuta Michx. var. strictiflora Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 309. 1910. Amarella strictiflora Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904. Kaibab Plateau and vicinity of Flagstaff (Coconino County), White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), 7,200 to 11,500 feet, Mountain meadows and forests, August to September. Sas- 680 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. §. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE katchewan to Alaska, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. The taxonomy of the forms closely related to G. amarella L. is con- fused. The Arizona specimens are probably referable to G. scopu- lorum (Greene) Tidestrom (Amarella scopulorum Greene) if the latter be considered as specifically distinct from G. strictiflora. 3. FRASERA ® Plants short-lived perennials; stems tall, leafy or subscapose; leaves opposite or in whorls; flowers in cymes, these forming ample panicles; corolla greenish usually flecked with purple, rotate, deeply 4-lobed, each lobe with 1 or 2 large fringed glands toward the base; filaments often united at base; style persistent; stigma 2-lobed; seeds flat, winged. It is reported that the Apache Indians ate the bitter roots of Frasera speciosa, but the root of Ff’. carolinensis of the eastern United States is known to possess emetic and cathartic properties. Key to the species 1. Plant not scapose; stems very tall and stout, with numerous whorls and pairs of large leaves, even those of the inflorescence foliaceous; leaf blades mem- branaceous, not white-margined, the basal ones 3 to 14 em. wide; herbage puberulent or glabrous; glands 2 on each corolla lobe, elongate, the pits not tubular below, very conspicuously fringed_______--___- 1. EF. SPECIOSA. 1. Plant scapose or subscapose, all of the stem leaves much smaller than the basal ones, the uppermost reduced to small bracts, none of them in whorls; leaf blades coriaceous, usually conspicuously white-margined, the basal ones not more than 2 cm. wide; gland 1 on each corolla lobe, sometimes deeply notched, the pit or pits elongate, fringed, tubular toward the base (2). 2. Stems tall, often 1 m. long, seldom branched near the base, usually rather sparingly branched above, the branches erect or ascending; basal leaves plane or with moderately undulate margins; corolla lobes obtuse or apic- ulate, the gland proper broad, the pit double, with margins appearing as 4 fringed icrests-)528 5 2s Sous prelims neh Ns pe 2. F. PANICULATA. 2. Stems seldom more than 0.5 m. long, branched from near the base, the branches numerous and ascending-spreading; basal leaves with con- spicuously crisped margins; corolla lobes cuspidate-acuminate, the gland narrow, the pit single, with margins appearing as 2 fringed crests. F. ALBOMARGINATA. 1. Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 66. 1838. Frasera venosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 185. 1900. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,200 to 8,500 feet, common in rich soil in open pine forests, May to August. South Dakota to Oregon, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Deers-ears. 71, 1876: Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Rincon Mountains (Pima County), June to August. Western Texas to southern Arizona. 9. Asclepias brachystephana Engelm. in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 163: 1859. Yavapai, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, dry plains and mesas, May to August. Kansas and Wyoming to Arizona and northern Mexico. 10. Asclepias cutleri Woodson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 26: 263. 1939. Near Rock Point, Apache County (Cutler 2177, the type collection), 27 miles west of Carrizo, Apache County (Peebles and Smith 13581), about 5,000 feet, in sand, rare. Known only from northeastern Arizona. ; 11. Asclepias involucrata Engelm. in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot: 163% — 1859: Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 7,200 feet, common on dry plains and mesas, sometimes with yellow pine, April to June. Southern Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. | The extremely pubescent var. tomentosa Eastw. (A. macrosperma Eastw.) is occasional in northern Arizona. 12. Asclepias uncialis Greene, Bot. Gaz. 5: 64. 1880. White Mountains near Springerville, Apache County (Ellis 9). Wyoming to New Mexico and eastern Arizona. 13. Asclepias nyctaginifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce 12° 102+ 1876. Mohave County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 5,000 feet, common on plains and mesas, often in sandy washes, May to September. Arizona and southern California. Many of the Arizona specimens have been identified as A. longi- cornu Benth. and A. lindheimert Engelm. and Gray. 14. Asclepias speciosa Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 218. 1828. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Greenlee, and Gila Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, mostly in open coniferous forests, Juneto August. Saskatch- ewan to British Columbia, south to New Mexico and Arizona. A large showy, coarse plant with dull-pink flowers. 15. Asclepias hallii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: G9 31376. Asclepias lonchophylla Greene, Leaflets 2: 231. 1912. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Purpus 30, the type col- lection of A. lonchophylla). Colorado and northern Arizona. 694 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 16. Asclepias erosa Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 162. 1859. Asclepias demissa Greene, Leaflets 2: 231. 1912. Mohave and Yuma Counties, 3,500 feet or lower, usually at road- sides and in washes, September and October. Southern Utah and western Arizona to southeastern California and northwestern Mexico. Desert milkweed. The stems grow in clumps, reaching a height of 1.8 m. (6 feet). This is one of the most promising sources of rubber among plants native in the United States. A. demissa, based on an Arizona type, appears to be merely an extremely depauperate form. 17. Asclepias nummularia Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 163. 1859. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, March to June. Western Texas to southern Arizona. 18. Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 28a Stl. Near Pipe Springs, Mohave County, 5,000 feet (Peebles and Parker 14705). Utah to Oregon, northwestern Arizona, and California. 19. Asclepias lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 85. 1883. Mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, | mostly in open pine woods, July and August, type from the Chiricahua or the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1881). Known only from southern Arizona. One of the largest leaved of the Arizona species, with pale-pink oods. 20. Asclepias elata Benth., Pl. Hartw. 290. 1848. Graham, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, openings in pine forests, etc., August and September. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. Flowers greenish yellow, faintly fragrant. A. elata is doubtfully distinct from A. glaucescens H. B. K. 21. Asclepias latifolia (Torr.) Raf., Atlant. Jour. 146. 1832-33. Asclepias obtusifolia Michx. var. latifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. INS G2 Aa ose Apache County to Coconino and Yavapai Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, plains and mesas, often abundant along roadsides, June to August. Nebraska to Utah, Texas, and Arizona. 5. ASCLEPIODORA. ANTELOPE-HORNS Stems usually decumbent, leafy; leaves thickish, lanceolate to linear; flowers many, large, in a terminal umbel, like those of Asclepias except as stated in the key to genera. 1. Asclepiodora decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proce: 12: 66: 1876. Anantherix decumbens Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 5: PANIC a Almost throughout the State, 4,000 to 7,500 feet, common on dry plains and slopes, sometimes in openings in pine forests, April to FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 695 August. Kansas and Arkansas to Nevada and Arizona, south to northern Mexico. Flowers greenish yellow and maroon, slightly fragrant. Abandon- ment of grazing grounds for sheep because of the prevalence of this plant has been reported. 6. METASTELMA Stems twining (often around one another), slightly woody at base; leaf blades narrow, rather thick; flowers small, solitary or in few- flowered lateral umbels; corolla 5-parted, white-pubescent inside, the segments of the crown not hooded, narrow, inserted at base of the column, surpassing the stigma; pods slender, long-acuminate. 1. Metastelma arizonicum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proe. £O=; Soe. Loco. Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 3,500 feet, dry rocky slopes, flowering almost throughout the year, type from near Tucson (Pringle). Known only from southern Arizona. 7. BASISTELMA Plant very similar to Metastelma arizonicum except in the characters given in the key to genera. *1. Basistelma angustifolium (Torr.) Bartlett, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 44: 631. 1909. Metastelma (?) angustifolia Torr., U.S. and Me:.. Bound. Bot. £595> 11859: Melinia angustifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 1 iow LS kh Not known definitely to occur in Arizona, but the type (Wright 1677) was collected at Santa Cruz, Sonora, only a few miles south of the Arizona border. 8. FUNASTRUM Stems twining; leaves opposite, with linear to cordate-ovate or sagittate blades; flowers numerous in lateral umbels; corolla cam- panulate-rotate, deeply lobed, the lobes twisted, the crown double; pods fusiform, attenuate-acuminate, smooth or warty. The whitish, yellowish, or purplish flowers are fragrant. It is reported that the Papago Indians ate the pods, raw or cooked. Key to the species 1. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves; leaf blades with usually crisped margins, thickish, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, hastate or sagittate at base; herbage copiously cinereous-puberulent; pods 9 to 16 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide where widest, long-acuminate at apex, acute or short-attenuate FER 0] OZ SIS) AS) VOTO 0 leas rial oe i. ah Sa el a eae 1. F. crispum. 1. Peduncles equaling or surpassing the leaves; leaf blades not crisped; pods not more than 10 em. long (2). 2. Leaf blades ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate at apex (often abruptly so), cordate or sagittate at base (usually deeply so), thin; flowers white or whitish; pods 1 to 1.5 em. wide where widest, rounded to attenuate at base, finely ridged; herbage sparsely short- pubescent or glaptratesce. 22. So ao ee 2. F. CYNANCHOIDES. 696 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Leaf blades narrowly linear to broadly lanceolate, acuminate at apex, acute and entire to pronouncedly hastate at base; flowers yellowish or purplish; pods barely 1 em. wide where widest, not noticeably ridged, pubescent or glabrous (8). 3. Herbage and pods canescent-pilose with short, spreading hairs; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, greenish yellow, the segments of the inner crown longer than wide, joined to the outer crown; pods acutish at base; leaf blades narrowly linear, not at all hastate or auriculate at base. 3. F. HIRTELLUM. 3. Herbage glabrous or sparsely puberulent with subappressed hairs (rarely sparsely pilose) ; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long, purplish, the segments of the inner crown subglobose, free from the outer crown; pods short-attenu- ate at base; leaf blades narrowly linear to lanceolate, the base acute and entire, angled, or auriculate, up to 2 cm. wide but usually much TVUPT. © WOT ss ches ere ok ne hela rar Cet as ee 4, FF. HETEROPHYLLUM, 1. Funastrum crispum (Benth.) Schlechter, Repert. Spee. Novarum Regni Veg. 13: 284. 1914. Sarcostemma crispum Benth., Pl. Hartw. 291. 1841. Greenlee, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, canyons among shrubs, summer. Western Texas to southern A1izona and Mexico. 2. Funastrum cynanchoides (Decne.) Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 13: 284. 1914. Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne. in DC., Prodr. 8: 540. 1844. Greenlee County to Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 4,500 feet, along streams and washes, climbing over bushes, May to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and north- ern Mexico. The var. subtruncatum (Robinson and Fernald) Macbride, with leaf blades truncate or subcordate at base and attenuate at apex (these deeply cordate at base and apiculate or short-acuminate at apex in the typical form), is occasional in Arizona. 3. Funastrum hirtellum (A. Gray) Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 13: 286. 1914. Sarcostemma heterophyllum var. hirtellum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 478. 1876. Black Mountains and near Boulder Dam, western Mohave County (Hpling and Robinson in 1935, Peebles 147 85), Colorado River Valley, Yuma(?) County (Palmer in 1876). Southern Nevada, western Arizona, and southeastern California. 4. Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 23: 1170. 1924. Sarcostemma heterophyllum Engelm. in Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 362. 1876. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) to Yucca (Mohave County), south to Gila, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or lower, common. along washes, ete. , climbing over small trees and shrubs, April to September. Western Texas to southeastern California and Mexico. 9. MELLICHAMPIA Stems twining, retrorsely short-pilose in a definite line; leaves long- petioled, the blades triangular-ovate, cordate; inflorescences short- FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 697 racemose or corymbiform; corolla whitish, broadly campanulate, the lobes strap-shaped, 8 to 13 mm. Jong, strongly recurved at apex, the segments of the crown subulate from a broad base, shorter than to slightly longer than the corolla lobes; anthers round, conspicuously scarious- -tipped: stigma 2-lipped; pods obiong-lance olate in outline. 1. Mellichampia sinaloensis (T. S. Brandeg.) Kearney and Peebles, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 29:488. 1939. Roulinia sinaloensis T. 8. Brandeg., Zoe 5: 243. 1908. Along the Sonoita, Nogales to Patagonia, Santa Cruz County (Peebles et al. 4654), Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County (Proctor, Goodding, in 1936), August. Southern Arizona and western Mexico. The cream-white flowers are fragrant. 10. GONOLOBUS. ANGLEPOD Stems trailing or weakly climbing; leaves opposite, subhastate to sagittate-cordate at base; flowers lateral (not axillary), solitary or in umbellike clusters; corolla rotate-campanulate or funnelform-cam- panulate, greenish or dull purple; stigma truncate or depressed. Key to the species 1. Flowers solitary or in pairs, nearly sessile, with scarcely any common peduncle; herbage canescent-puberulent, the hairs subappressed; leaf blades less than 2 em. long, not more than 1 em. wide, deltoid-oblong, obtuse or acutish at apex, shallowly hastate or subhastate at base; corolla 3 to 4mm. long, rotate-campanulate with spreading lobes and a very short tube; internal crests of the crown segments attached to the enipee pods fusiform, not more than 1 cm. wide, sparsely warty__-___-__--_-- G. PARVIFOLIUS. 1. Flowers in peduncled umbels, seldom solitary; herbage ae the hairs some- what spreading; leaf blades up to 5 em. long and 3 em. wide, triangular- ovate, attenuate-acuminate at apex, sagittate-cordate at base; coroila more than 5 (commonly about 10) mm. long, funnelform-campanulate with nearly erect lobes and a well-developed tube; internal crests of the crown segments not attached to the column; pods ovoid, smooth. G. PRODUCTUs. 1. Gonclobus parvifolius Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 166. 1859. Vincetoxicum parvifolium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 2. 1900. Western Gila County to Cochise, Pinal, Pima, and eastern Yuma Counties, 2,200 to 5,000 feet, dry slopes and mesas, March to October. Western Texas and southern Arizona. 2. Gonolobus productus Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 165. 1859. Vincetoricum productum Vail, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 431. 1899. Near Kirkland, Yavapai County (Peebles et al. 2607), Babocomari Creek, Santa Cruz County (Lemmon 2821), apparently rare in Arizona, June to August. Western Texas to Arizona. 11. PHEROTRICHIS Stems erect or ascending from a thick woody tuberlike root; herbage and calyx hispid-hirsute; leaf blades broadly oblong or ovate, rounded or subcordate at base; flowers in lateral sessile or subsessile umbels; corolla rotate-campanulate, the lobes lineate-veined, the segments of the crown truncate; stigma capped by a large globose appendage. 698 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Pherotrichis schaffneri A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2, 2!: 462. 1886. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2816), September. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 12. LACHNOSTOMA Stems twining; leaves opposite, petioled, the blades triangular- ovate; inflorescences lateral, few-flowered; corolla whitish, conspic- uously reticulate with green veins, cleft about halfway, the lobes oblong-ovate, the tube retrorsely villous within; stigma depressed, not surpassing the stamens, with a broad 5-angled disk; pods large, lance-ovate in outline, strongly angled and finely ridged longitudinally. 1. Lachnostoma arizonicum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 202296. » 1885: Rincon, Santa Catalina, and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 4,500 feet, along streams in canyons, May to August, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Lemmon). Known only from southern Arizona. Rothrockia cordifolia A. Gray has been attributed to Arizona, apparently by confusion with Lachnostoma arizonicum, from which it may be distinguished by the larger, much more deeply cleft corolla, this glabrous within and not conspicu- ously veined, the elevated stigma much surpassing the stamens, and the smooth pods. It occurs in Sonora not far from the southern boundary of Arizona. 103. CONVOLVULACEAE. CoNvoLvuLus FAMILY Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, mostly with twining or trailing stems, in one genus without chlorophyll and parasitic; leaves alternate, simple but sometimes deeply lobed or parted, in 1 genus reduced to minute scales; flowers perfect, regular, mostly 5-merous, often showy, axillary, solitary or in cymes, the peduncle jointed; pistil of 2 united or separate carpels, the styles 1 or 2, often cleft; fruit a capsule, de- hiscent or indehiscent. The morning-glories and other favorite ornamentals belong to this family, of which the most important member, economically, is the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Poir.). Key to the genera 1. Plants without green coloring matter, parasitic on the stems of various hosts; stems twining; leaves reduced to small scales; flowers small; corolla white or whitish, usually with fimbriate or dentate appendages within. CuSCUTA. 1. Plants with green coloring matter, autophytic; leaves with well-developed blades (2). 2. Ovary deeply 2-lobed; styles 2; stems creeping, rooting at the nodes; leaf blades reniform, wider than long; flowers solitary, small and incon- spicuous; pedicels after anthesis often strongly revolute or sigmoid- GUEWE 2 2M Ny es Red Soe Rrra tae ia eee ie pea ae 2. DICHONDRA. 2. Ovary not lobed (8). 3. Corolla imbricate in the bud, white; styles 2, entire; stigmas capitate. 4, CRESSA. 3. Corolla plicate-convolute in the bud (4). 4, Styles 2, separate to the base or nearly so, each 2-cleft; stigmas linear- filiform or slender-clavate; stems not twining; corolla rotate- campanulate or broadly funnelform__-_-__---_-__-- 3. EVOLVULUS. 4. Style 1 or, if 2-cleft, then the divisions entire (5). 5. Stigma 1, globose or nearly so, entire or lobed_----__-_ 7. IpoMoEBa. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 699 5. Stigmas 2, more or less elongate (6). 6. Style entire; stigmas ovate or oblong; stems not or scarcely twining. 5. JACQUEMONTIA. 6. Style 2-cleft at apex, or entire; stigmas linear-filiform to ovate; Sliema. MmOniAy. Dweiiiags Se = 8 6. CONVOLVULUS. 1. CUSCUTA.8 DopprErR Contributed by T. G. YUNCKER Plants leafless and rootless, herbaceous, parasitic; stems yellowish, filiform, twining; flowers small (mostly 2 to 6 mm. long), sessile or short-pedicellate, in few- to many-flowered cymose clusters, commonly 5-merous but regularly 3- or 4-merous in a few species; perianth parts. mostly united ; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, alternating with the lobes; appendages commonly present at base of the corolla opposite the stamens, these scalelike, more or less toothed, fringed, or fimbriate; ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, the stigmas (in the Arizona species) capitate; fruit a capsule, this remaining closed, or opening with a regular or irregular line of circumscission near the base; embryo acotyledonous, filiform or more or less enlarged at one end. Upon emergence from the seed the slender, elongate seedling coils about an available host to which it becomes firmly attached by means of its suckerlike organs (haustoria). A few species have been shown to possess small amounts of chlorophyll and are thereby partly auto- phytic. Although certain dodders show a preference in the choice of host, most of them grow readily upon various plants. Those which parasitize economically important crops sometimes cause considerable damage. This is especially true in fields of clover and alfalfa, where dodder seeds are commonly introduced with those of the host. Key to the species 1. Capsules not circumscissile, i. e., not separating in a regular line of cleavage, when forcibly separated either coming away entirely from the receptacle or breaking very irregularly (2). 2. Flowers mostly 3- or 4-parted (3). 3. Perianth membranaceous, the lobes obtuse; corolla lobes not inflexed at tip; scales oblong, reaching the filaments and free from the corolla tube above; corolla when withered remaining at top of the capsule. 1. C. CEPHALANTHI. 3. Perianth fleshy-papillate, the lobes acute; corolla lobes erect with inflexed tips; scales reduced to lateral wings along the stamen attachment. 5. C. CORYLI. 2. Flowers mostly 5-parted (4). 4. Infrastamineal scales lacking; perianth parts acute to acuminate; calvx lobes triangular-ovate to sublanceolate; corolla lobes lanceolate, eile te) Goel, Be eee et St ee. 3. C. CALIFORNICA. 4. Infrastamineal scales present (5). 5. Perianth fleshy-papillate; corolla lobes commonly erect, with inflexed tips; scales prominent and mostly free from the corolla tube, at least SUNT CE Ud EEA, ten bat An i I ne ee ee ce 4. CC. INDECORA. 5. Perianth not fleshy-papillate; corolla lobes various, but not as in C. indecora (6). 6. Corolla lobes triangular or lanceolate, acute to acuminate (7). 7. Seales free from the corolla tube only at the upper end, included; perianth lobes lanceolate, acute to acuminate; capsules globose- > eenic, Mmosuiy t-seeded =.= 2s Fs 6. C. SALINA. 13 References: YUNCKER, T. G. REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN AND WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF CUS- cuTa. Univ. Ill. Biol. Monog. 6: 1-142. 1921. THE GENUSCUsCUTA. Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 18: 113-331, 1932. 700 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. Seales prominent, commonly exserted; corolla lobes triangular to sublanceolate, acute, reflexed with inflexed tips; capsules mostly depressed-globose, 2- to 4-seeded________ 2. C. CAMPESTRIS. 6. Corolla lobes ovate or suborbicular, obtuse (8). 8. Flowers about 2 mm. long, subsessile, in few-flowered glomerules; margins of the perianth lobes denticulate; calyx lobes orbicular, broadly overlapping; capsules conic, mostly 1-seeded. . C. DENTICULATA. 8. Flowers mostly much larger, pedicellate, in many-flowered, cymose clusters; calyx lobes ovate, obtuse; capsules globose-ovoid, mostly-3-or/4-seededia Ss = eee = ee 8. C. GRONOVII. 1. Capsules circumscissile, i. e., easily separating near the base in a more or less regular line of cleay age (9). 9. Styles subulate, commonly much thicker at base; calyx lobes commonly more or less carinate (10). 10. Flowers mostly 3 to 5mm. long; styles pronouncedly subulate, becoming SubeONLG aia fruit sa) eee ees Pee 2 eg ee 9. C. MITRAEFORMIS. 10. Flowers mostly about 3 mm. long; styles subulate but not becoming conic in fruit; perianth lobes more or less irregularly denticulate, thickened medianally TOrfOrm@ ay Carina so. tat Se hee cee 10. C. ERosa. 9. Styles more slender, mostly about equally thick throughout but some- times slightly thicker near the base (11). 11. Seales dentate only toward the apex (12). 12. Flowers whitish when dry, more or less granulate- or scabrous-papillate; calyx lobes broad, ovate-deltoid, short-acute; scales bridged below the anid dle a 2k a ae Ee EO a ae 12. C. ODONTOLEPIS. 12. Flowers reddish when dry, smooth; calyx lobes triangular, acute, com- monly somewhat thickened in the center to form a low carina; scales bridged near the middle__-_-_-__- 13. C. DENTATASQUAMATA., 11. Seales fimbriate (13). 13. Calyx one-half to three-fourths as long as the cylindric corolia tube, the lobes triangular to sublanceolate, acute, often carinate; scales reaching to about the middle of the corolla tube. 15. -C, TUBERCULATA. 13. Calyx equaling or surpassing the campanulate corolla tube; scales reaching the filaments; capsules mostly quickly and definitely circumscissile (14). 14. Lobes of the calyx triangular-ovate, obtuse, commonly carinate; pedicels short or almost none___-_____-___ 11. C. APPLANATA. 14. Lobes of the calyx triangular-ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate; pedicels definite, often as long as or longer than the flowers, these in loose:umbellate cymess 2) 922 sae eee 14. C. UMBELLATA. 1. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. 43: 336. 1842. Apparently rare in Arizona, where collected in the southern part of the State by Wright without indication of definite locality, probably in Cochise County. Massachusetts to Oregon and south to Mexico, infrequent westward. Host genera numerous, including Saliz, Spiraea, Vicia, Draco- cephalum, Teucrium, Cephalanthus, Solidago, Aster, Sonchus. This species is often confused with C. gronovii, to which it bears some resemblance. It is distinguished by the mostly 3- or 4-parted flowers and the persistence of the corolla at the top of the capsule instead of about it or at base, as with C. gronovii. The capsule is subglobose rather than conic as in that species. 2. Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 18: 138. 1932. Cuscuta pentagona var. calycina Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: This | koe oe Cuscuta arvensis var. calycina Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 1: 495, 1859, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 7O1 Coconino, Yavapai, and Pima Counties. Widely distributed throughout the range of the genus. Hosts numerous, mostly herbaceous, including grasses. If this species has any host preference it is for clover, alfalfa, and other legumes, and probably its wide distribution is due to association of its seeds with those of such economically important hosts. Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers, which are yellow when dry and mostly about 2 mm. long; calyx lobes broadly ovate to oval-ovate, almost enclosing the corolla tube; corolla campanulate, enlarging about the base of the rapidly developing capsule, which becomes up to 4 mm. wide; scales abundantly fringed; styles slender, scarcely subulate; capsules mostly wider than long. 3. Cuscuta californica Choisy, Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve Mém. 9: 279. 1841. Topock, Mohave County (Eastwood 8907). Common in the Pacific Coast States, especially California, but apparently rare in Arizona. Host plants include: Eriogonum, Abronia, Dalea, Foeniculum, Asclepias, Franseria. An attractive species, easily recognized by the lanceolate, reflexed corolla lobes, and the absence of infrastamineal scales. 4. Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve Mém. 9: 278: - S41; Yavapai, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties. Southern and western United States, Mexico, West Indies, and South America. This species occurs on a great variety of both woody and herbaceous hosts including Crossosoma, Acacia, Prosopis, Sapindus, Condalia, Solidago, Aster, Hymenoclea, Baccharis, and Pluchea. ‘Though named indecora, the plant is ordinarily attractive with its abundant, white, fleshy, and more or less papillate flowers. Styles about as long as the somewhat pointed ovary, becoming divaricate on the globose capsule, which is enveloped by the withered corolla. 5. Cuscuta coryli Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sci. 43: 337. 1842. Grand Canyon, Coconino County (ggert in 1886). Eastern United States to Montana and northern Arizona, more common eastward. This dodder occurs on a great variety of woody and herbaceous hosts including Salix, Rhus, Ceanothus, Daucus, Stachys, Symphoricarpos, Solidago, Aster, Helianthus, and Chrysanthemum. Flowers about 2 mm. long, on pedicels longer or shorter than the flowers, or the flowers originating endogenously; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, about reaching the sinuses of the corolla or somewhat longer; corolla lobes triangular- ovate or more or less lanceolate; scales mostly reduced to toothed wings along the line of attachment of the filaments but sometimes free, and bifid or toothed; stamens nearly as long as the corolla lobes;styles shorter than or equaling the globose-ovoid ovary, becoming divergent in fruit; capsule depressed-globose, enveloped by the withered corolla. 6. Cuscuta salina Engelm. in A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 536. 1876. Pinal and Pima Counties. British Columbia to Arizona and southern California. Host plants include Atriplex, Suaeda, Allenrolfea, Salsola, Nitro- phila, and Cressa. Flowers 2 to 3 mm. long, narrowly campanulate, ===> 702 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE mostly pedicellate with pedicels of different lengths, forming close or loose cymose inflorescences; calyx enclosing the corolla tube; corolla lobes mostly spreading to reflexed and equaling the tube; anthers oval, on short filaments; scales oblong, shallowly fringed, free from the-corolla tube at the upper end only. 7. Cuscuta denticulata Engelm., Amer. Nat. 9: 348. 1875. Hope, Yuma County (fulton 8508), near Topock and Boulder Dam, Mohave County, where apparently not uncommon (Clover 4177, Peebles and Parker 14780, 14793). Southern Utah to southern California and western Arizona. Host plants of this species include Coleogyne, Larrea, Gutierrezia, Chrysothamnus, and Hymenoclea, but Arizona specimens have been collected only on Larrea. Stems very slender; flowers small, mostly in 2- or 3-flowered clusters; calyx yellow and more or less glistening in dry specimens, with large and conspicuous cells, almost enclosing the corolla tube; corolla becoming urceolate, the lobes oval-oblong, com- monly obtuse; scales about reaching the anthers, oblong, denticulate; embryo with an enlarged globose, knoblike end, a character found otherwise only in the closely allied C. veatchii of Baja California. 8. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 205. 1820. Grand Canyon, Coconino County (ggert in 1886). Eastern and central United States, where this is the commonest species of dodder, to northern Arizona. It occurs on a very wide range of both woody and herbaceous hosts with no apparent preference. Flowers 2 to 4 mm. long, in loose or somewhat dense, paniculate cymes; calyx mostly shorter than the corolla tube; corolla lobes spreading to reflexed, shorter than the campanulate tube; scales commonly oblong, about reaching the stamens; styles commonly about equaling the ovary; capsule en- veloped by the withered corolla. 9. Cuscuta mitraeformis Engelm. ex Hemsl., Diagn. Pl. Mex.54. 1880. Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Kearney and Harrison 6176), about 6,000 feet, on Lupinus. Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. ; Stems coarse; flowers on short pedicels, forming compact, globular clusters; calyx lobes about as long as the corolla tube, ovate, obtuse, more or less unequal, irregular, the larger lobes often strongly and unevenly carinate; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse, about as long as or exceeding the campanulate tube; scales oblong, mostly somewhat truncate and bifid, or less commonly ovate, as long as the tube, and deeply fringed; styles shorter than the conic ovary, becoming widely divergent; capsule 5 to 8 mm. long, enveloped by the withered corolla. 10. Cuscuta erosa Yuncker, Ill. Univ. Biol. Monog. 6: 116. 1921. Mountains of Pima County. Southern Arizona and northern Sonora. 3 Host plants include Amaranthus, Ipomoea, Siphonoglossa, Anisacan- thus, and Franseria. Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers; calyx lobes orbicular, membranaceous, denticulate on the margin, fleshier in the median part, nearly distinct; corolla lobes erect to reflexed, about as long as or slightly shorter than the campanulate tube, ovate-oblong, obtuse; scales broad, fringed, about equaling the FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 703 corolla tube, bridged at about the middle; styles longer than the globose ovary, becoming divergent in fruit; capsule globose, thin toward the base, bearing the withered corolla about the middle or at top. 11. Cuscuta applanata Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 1: 479. 1859. Coconino, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, type from “Arizona Territory south of the Gila River’ (Wright 541). New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. Hosts various, including Boerhaavia and Ambrosia. Flowers in dense clusters; corolla lobes oblong to ovate-lanceolate, spreading; . scales exserted, fringed; capsules globose-depressed, thin, readily circumscissile. 12. Cuscuta odontolepis Engelm., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 1: 486. 1859. Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), on various hosts including Amaranthus, type from ‘‘near a deserted rancho on a rocky hillside in Arizona”’ (Wright 1624). Southern Arizona and Sonora. Flowers 4 to 5 mm. long, short-pedicellate, forming rather large, dense clusters; corolla cylindric-campanulate, the lobes ovate-lanceo- late, acute; scales oblong or subspatulate, dentate near the apex only; styles slender, mostly longer than the ovary; capsule globose. 13. Cuscuta dentatasquamata Yuncker, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 49: 107. 1922. Florida Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Kearney and Peebles 10580), on Bouvardia. A rare species known elsewhere only from Los Pinitos, Sonora, the type locality. Flowers pedicellate, somewhat fleshy ; calyx deep, the lobes equaling or exceeding the corolla tube; corolla campanulate, the lobes triangular, acute, shorter than the tube, spreading; scales oblong, dentate; styles slender, slightly subulate, about equaling or longer than the depressed- globose ovary; capsule depressed-globose, thin, somewhat irregularly circumscissile. 14. Cuscuta umbellata H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 121. 1818. Pinal, Pima, and Cochise Counties. Southern United States to Arizona, West Indies, Mexico, and northern South America. On a variety of herbaceous hosts including Polygonum, Atriplez, Suaeda, Achyranthes, Amaranthus, Boerhaavia, Trianthema, Sesuvium, Kallstroemia, and Euphorbia. Flowers in compound cymes, the ultimate divisions of these umbellate, of 3 to 7 flowers; calyx turbinate, yellow and shining when dry; corolla lobes lanceolate, acute to acu- minate, reflexed; styles longer than the globose ovary; capsule de- pressed-globose, surrounded by the withered corolla. Specimens bearing unusually large flowers (4 to 6 mm. long) have been dis- tinguished as variety reflera (Coult.) Yuncker (C. californica var. reflexa Coult.). 15. Cuscuta tuberculata T. S. Brandeg., Calif. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 3: 389. 1909. Pinal and Pima Counties. Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northwestern Mexico. 286744°—42 45 704 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE It occurs most commonly on Boerhaavia but is found occasionally on other hosts, such as Huphorbia. Flowers cylindric, on slender pedicels; calyx thickened and keeled toward the base; corolla papillose in the basal, calyx-enveloped part; stamens somewhat shorter than or equaling the corolla lobes; styles slender, longer than the ovary, exserted; capsule globose, enveloped and surmounted by the withered corolla. 22> DICHONDERA Piants perennial, more or less sericeous; stems creeping, rooting at the nodes; leaves petioled, the blades round-reniform; flowers small, solitary on bractless peduncles, the corolla broadly campanulate, whitish; pistils separate or nearly so; capsules 1- or 2-seeded. These plants are very efficient soil binders but are rare in Arizona. Key to the species 1. Stems and petioles relatively stout, the petioles straight or nearly so; leaf blades densely silvery-sericeous on both faces, with a very shallow sinus or nearly truncate at base; corolla very villous outside; peduncles stout, about 5 mm. long, strongly decurved after flowering. ____________-_ 1. Ds ARGENTER 1. Stems and petioles slender, the petioles mostly curved; leaf blades bright green and sparsely sericeous above, with a deep, broad or narrow sinus; corolla glabrous or sparsely villous outside (2). 2. Leaf blades silvery-sericeous beneath, seldom more than 2 em. wide; pe- duncles filiform, commonly more than 1 em. long___ 2. D. REPENS. 2. Leaf blades green and sparsely sericeous beneath, commonly more than 2 (up to 5) em. wide; peduncles relatively stout, mostly less than 1 CL IOWEN (0) 1: Mia ee eae eh eee ey ee eT So 3. DD. BRACHYPODA. ng : 1. Dichondra argentea Willd., Hort. Berol. pl. 81. 1816. Foothills near Bisbee, Cochise County (Harrison 8256), about 5,300 feet, late summer. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 2. Dichondra repens Forst., Char. Gen. Pl. 39. 1776. Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 4,000 feet (Goodding 6620). Widely distributed in tropical America. The collection cited belongs to var. sericea (Swartz) Choisy. 3. Dichondra brachypoda Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 160. 1913. Near San Bernardino, Cochise County, about 4,000 feet, in a canyon (Goodding 6629). Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 3. EVOLVULUS "4 Small pubescent perennial herbs; stems numerous, erect or diffuse, never twining; flowers solitary or few in a cluster, subsessile to long- pedunculate; corolla rotate-campanulate or broadly funnelform, cream-colored, purple, or sky blue; styles 2, each 2-cleft. The plants are sun loving, growing on dry plains and mesas, often among grasses. 14 Reference: VAN OOsTSTROOM, S.J. A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS EVOLVULUS. Meddel. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 14: 1-267. 1934. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 705 Key to the species 1. Stems rarely more than 15 cm. long, spreading or decumbent; upper leaves only slightly reduced; flowers mostly solitary; peduncles or pedicels much shorter than the subtending leaves, often decurved in fruit (2). 2. Sepals linear or narrowly lanceolate; corolla rotate-campanulate, lavender drying violet purple; leaves appressed or narrowly ascending, closely imbricate along the stem, at least above, densely villous-sericeous on bigimeraccs = 2 Sik tae Soe) rer ee es ee 1. E. PILosus. 2. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; corolla rotate, cream-colored or azure blue; leaves spreading, not closely imbricate along the stem, commonly PEAEOUS ROOM Chet ene ce ees ee A Ot = 2. E. SERICEUS. 1. Stems commonly 30 cm. long or longer, erect or ascending; upper leaves greatly reduced; flowers one or few on very slender, bracted peduncles longer than the subtending leaves, the inflorescence a very open, leafy, terminal panicle; corolla rotate, azure blue or occasionally white (3). 3. Corolla not more than 7 mm. in diameter_________-_-- 3. E. ALSINOIDES. o. Avorolia, 6 to 20 nam, in diameters. 2222522 2=. =... 4. E. ARIZONICUS. 1. Evolvulus pilosus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 174. 1818. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, March to July. North Dakota and Montana to Texas and Arizona. 2. Evolvulus sericeus Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 55. 1788. Evolvulus wilcorianus House, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 315. 1906. Navajo and Yavapai Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pinal Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, May to September, type of EL. wilcorianus from Fort Huachuca (Wilcor 96). Texas to southeastern California, south to Argentina; West Indies. The common form in Arizona is var. discolor (Benth.) Gray (E. discolor Benth., £. wilcorianus House). This has the upper leaf surface ereen and glabrate, and the corolla usually cream-colored. The form with leaves sericeous on both faces is occasional in Cochise County. 3. Evolvulus alsinoides L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 392. 1762. Eastern Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 5,000 feet, April to September. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both the Eastern and the Western Hemisphere. The Arizona form is var. acapulcensis (Willd.) Van Ooststroom (E. acapulcensis Willd.), which intergrades in Arizona with E. arizonicus, differing chiefly in its smaller corolla. 4. Evolvulus arizonicus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 2f: 218. 1886. Graham County to Yavapai County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, April to October, type from Sonora near the border of Arizona. Southwestern New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico; Argentina. One of Arizona’s most beautiful wild flowers, with flowers a deep sky blue. The typical form has the hairs of the herbage all or nearly all short and appressed. Almost equally abundant, in the 3 southern counties, is var. laetus (Gray) Van Ooststroom (E. laetus A. Gray) with many of the hairs long and spreading. There is complete inter- eradation of the 2 forms. The type of E. laetus was collected in the Santa Rita Mountains (Pringle in 1881). —— 706 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4, CRESSA Plant small, perennial, herbaceous, silky-villous; stems erect or spreading, very leafy; leaves sessile, narrowly elliptic, entire; flowers small, solitary in the upper axils, rather crowded; corolla whitish, the lobes becoming reflexed. 1. Cressa truxillensis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 119. 1818. Along the Little Colorado River (Coconino County), near Phoenix (Maricopa County), Gila Crossing (Pinal County), Yuma (Yuma County), 100 to 4,000 feet, strongly saline soil, May to August. Texas to southern Utah and southern California, south to tropical America. 5. JACQUEMONTIA Plants annual or perennial, often suffruticose, pubescent; leaves petioled, the blades entire, rounded or subcordate at base; flowers long-peduncled, solitary or in small loose inflorescences, the corolla funnelform, blue or lavender; sepals all alike or the outer ones much broader than the inner ones. Key to the species 1. Plant annual (in Arizona); stems herbaceous throughout; herbage loosely soft- pilose; sepals nearly alike in size and shape, lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate; corolla narrowly funnelform, 8 to 10 mm. long, deep blue. 1. J. PALMERI. 1. Plant perennial; stems woody at least toward the base; herbage finely canescent or subtomentose, the hairs mostly appressed; outer sepals much wider than the inner ones, broadly ovate or suborbicular, acutish or apiculate; corolla broadly funnelform, 20 to 25 mm. long, pale lavender___ 2. J. PRINGLEI. 1. Jacquemontia palmeri S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 24: 63. 1889. Canyons on the western slope of the Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet, September and October. Southern Ari- zona, Sonora, and Baja California. 2. Jacquemontia pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. ea ogon Sone Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), also a doubtful record from the Chiricahua Mountains, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, canyons, July to September, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle). Southern Arizona to Central America. 6. CONVOLVULUS. BiInDWEED Plants mostly perennial, herbaceous; stems (in the Arizona species) twining or trailing; leaves more or less lobed; corolla broadly funnel- form, white or pink; stigmas more or less elongate; capsule normally 2-celled or imperfectly 4-celled. 3 C. tricolor L., a Ww annual with erect or spreading stems, narrow entire leaves, and small but showy, parti-colored flowers, is sometimes cultivated as an orna~ mental. Specimens of what appears to be this species were collected at Tucson pe nouney in 1892, but there is no evidence that the plant has become established in Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 707 Key to ihe species 1. Bracts larger than the sepals, ovate, obtuse or apiculate, inserted immediately below the calyx and enclosing it; stigmas oblong or oval; herbage glabrous or soft-pilose; leaf blades deltoid-hastate; corolla 3 to 6 cm. long, white es ane eae ee ee a 1. C. sEPIuM. 1. Bracts much smaller than the sepals, remote from or not closely subtending the calyx; stigmas linear, filiform, or slender-clavate (2). 2. Leaf blades shallowly sagittate or hastate with short, entire or sparingly dentate, triangular-ovate basal lobes, oblong or oblong-ovate, commonly very obtuse; herbage glabrous or sparsely soft-pilose; bracts seldom more than 5 mm. long, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong; corolla white or striped with pink, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long__-~--_-_- 2. CC. ARVENSISs. 2. Leaf blades hastately lobed, some of them usually with elongate, linear or lanceolate lobes (3). 3. Herbage and calyx sericeous, rarely glabrate; peduncles seldom more than twice as long as the subtending leaf; bracts 2 to 3 mm. long, subulate; corolla not more than 2 cm. long, usually pink, drying purplish; anthers 2 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to oblong, the basal lobes usually several-toothed or cleft; sepals truncate, emargi- nate, and usually mucronate at apex_____-_--__-- 3. C.INCANUS. 3. Herbage and calyx glabrous, often slightly glaucous; peduncles usually 3 or more times as long as the subtending leaf; bracts up to 15 mm. long, linear-lanceolate; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long, pale pink or white; anthers 3 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades deeply hastate, the basal lobes narrowly linear to lanceolate, entire or coarsely few-toothed; sepals truncate to acutish, entire or somewhat erose and conspicuously SOUIEE EASA Cat ROR ee 4. C. LINEARILOBUS. 1. Convolvulus sepium L., Sp. Pl. 153. 1753. Lakeside, Navajo County (Harrison 5506), about 6,000 feet, June. Throughout most of temperate North America; Eurasia. Hedge bindweed. The plant is sometimes a troublesome weed. 2. Convolvulus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 153. 1753. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, roadsides and fields, May to July. Exten- sively naturalized in North America, from Europe. Field bindweed. A troublesome weed, difficult and expensive to eradicate, considered in California the worst weed in the State. 3. Convolvulus incanus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 23. 1794. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, common on dry slopes and mesas, May to Sep- tember. Nebraska and Colorado to Texas and Arizona. Stems trailing or clambering over bushes. 4, Convolvulus linearilobus Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 20: to. POS i. Mohave, Yavapai, and Gila Counties, chiefly in the Mazatzal and Hualpai Mountains, 3,400 to 5,000 feet, slopes and banks, often among oaks, May to October, type from the Mazatzal Mountains (Lastwood 17264). Known only from central Arizona. This species is closely related to C. longipes Wats. of Nevada and southern California. The numerous long stems often form tangled masses. The narrowly lobed leaves and the large, pale pink or white flowers are distinctive. 708 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. IPOMOEA.% MorninG-GLory Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; stems erect, trailing, or twining; leaves with entire to pedately parted blades; flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters; outer sepals commonly larger than the inner ones; corolla mostly funnelform, sometimes salverform, the limb entire or very shallowly lobed; capsule globose, 2- to 4-valved; seeds commonly 4. Several species of this large genus are favorite ornamentals, culti- vated under the names morning-glory, cypressvine, ete. Key to the species 1. Corolla bright red, salverform, or the elongate tube narrowly funnelform, the limb not more and usually less than 15 mm. in diameter; plant glabrous OF MEALLY SOs SteTNS st yvyslMbtn Oe ewe eee ee mere epee eee 1. - I. coccrnEa. 1. Corolla pink, purple, blue, or white (2). 2. Leaf blades entire, obtuse or short-cuneate at base, linear to oblong-lanceo- late, often 10 cm. long or longer, 6 or more times as long as wide; plant perennial, glabrous; stems stout, prostrate except near the base, not at all twining; sepals broad, very obtuse, scarious-margined; corolla white with a pink throat, broadly funnelform, 6 to 10 cm. long. 2. I. LONGIFOLIA. 2. Leaf blades variously toothed or lobed or, if entire, then cordate at base, much less than 6 times as long as wide (8). 3. Plants perennial with a tuberous-thickened root, glabrous or nearly so; stems not twining or very weakly so (4). 4, Sepals setaceous-caudate; corolla 5 to 8 em. long, the tube elongate, narrow, rather abruptly expanded into the throat; tuber elongate; leaf blades usually sparsely strigose, deeply sagittate to pedately lobed, the lobes divergent, lanceolate, linear, or oblong; calyx not warty or very obscurely so at base___________ 3. I. THURBERI. 4. Sepals not setaceous-caudate; corolla not more than 5 em. long, the tube gradually expanded into the throat; leaf blades glabrous (5). 5. Leaf blades laciniate-dentate at the broad apex, otherwise entire, obovate-cureate; tuber globose or nearly so; petioles less than 5 mm. long; calyx conspicuously warty ________ 4. I. EGREGIA. 5. Leaf blades pedately parted or divided, the segments elongate, nar- rowly linear or filiform, not more than 2 mm. wide (6). 6. Sepals not or not conspicuously warty; petioles 10 to 20 mm. long; corolla 4 to 5 em. long; tuber elongate______ 5. I. LEMMONI. 6. Sepals conspicuously warty; petioles seldom more than 5 mm. long; corolla not more than 3 em. long (7). 7. Tuber elongate; sepals 5 to 6 mm. long; peduncle and pedicel together usually not much longer than the calyx. 6. I. MURICATA. 7. Tuber usually globose or nearly so; sepals 7 to 9 mm. long; peduncle and pedicel considerably longer than the calyx, often twice asionc ess ae 7. I. PLUMMERAE. 3. Plants annual or, if perennial, then the root not tuberous-thickened (8). 8. Leaf blades pedately 5- to 9-parted or divided, the lobes linear or almost filiform, the midlobe rarely more than 4 mm. wide; sepals con- spicuously scarious-margined (9). 9. Corolla 5 to 8 em. long, trumpet-shaped, with a long, narrow tube; plant entirely glabrous; stems twining; calyx and pedicel often sparsely vierEUCOSe == ae Sane eee ae 8. I. TENUILOBA. 9. Corolla not more than 4 em. long; plants sparsely and inconspicuously hirsute, or glabrate; stems erect to procumbent, sometimes feebly twining at apex (10). 10. Calyx and pedicel glabrous; sepals often crested or warty on the midrib, 3 to 7 mm. long; corolla with the tube and throat not more than 10 mm. Jong, the limb less than 10 mm. in diameter. 9. I. COSTELLATA. 15 Reference: HousE, H. D. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS IPOMOEA. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Ann. 18: 181-263. 1908. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 709 10. Calyx and pedicel hirsute; sepals 8 to 12 mm. long; corolla with the tube and throat 20 to 25 mm. long, the limb 25 to 40 mm. SeCuRe CEN ELT Ey op oa alee ei ee oa 10. I. LEPTOTOMA. 8. Leaf blades entire or angulate-lobed or, if pedately parted, then the midlobe not less than 6 mm. wide (except sometimes in the upper leaves of I. barbatisepala); stems twining (11). 11. Outer sepals conspicuously dilated toward the base, attenuate- acuminate toward the apex, not scarious-margined, the inner ones much narrower, lanceolate, scarious-margined toward the base; stems, leaves, and calyx sericeous with long, very fine, more or less appressed hairs, these not pustulate at base; leaf blades pedately 5- to 7-parted, the midlobe strongly constricted at base; corolla 6 to 9 cm. long; capsule 5-celled__ 11. I. HETEROPHYLLA. 11. Outer sepals not conspicuously dilated toward the base, much like the inner ones; stems, leaves, and calyx not sericeous; capsule 2- or 3-zelled (12). 12. Calyx hispid, the hairs stout, conspicuously subulate, mostly 2 to 3 mm. long; stems and leaves glabrous; petioles usually sparsely beset with elevated, pricklelike warts; leaf blades pedately 3- to 5-parted, the basal lobes usually deeply cleft; sepals narrowly lanceolate; corolla about 2 cm. long__ 12. I. BARBATISEPALA. 12. Calyx villous, hirsute, or glabrous, the hairs, if any, very slender, not conspicuously subulate (13). 13. Leaf blades all entire, cordate (14). 14. Stems, leaves, and calyx glabrous; peduncles mostly 1- flowered; calyx and pedicel rugose-verrucose; sepals ovate, 4 to 5 mm. long at anthesis, scarious-margined to the apex; corolla 2 to 3 cm. long. 13. I. CARDIOPHYLLA. 14. Stems, leaves, and calyx more or less hirsute; peduncles mostly 2- to several-flowered; calyx and pedicel not rugose-verru- cose but the bases of the hairs often enlarged; sepals lanceolate or somewhat spatulate, 8 to 25 mm. long at anthesis, not scarious-margined to the apex; corolla 4 to 6 Gia Aes es eee Ps et Dt 14. I. PURPUREA. i3. Leaf blades (some or all of them) angulate-lobed or more deeply cleft (15). 15. Corolla not more than 2 em. long, narrowly funnelform; calyx at anthesis less than 10 mm. long, the sepals ovate or lance-ovate, scarious-margined, usually conspicuously so, sparsely villous, long-ciliate, or glabrous; stems glabrous or sparsely villous; leaf blades commonly glabrous, deeply 3-lobed, or some of them entire and deeply cordate. 15. J. vTRILoBa. 15. Corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long, broadly funnelform; calyx at anthe- sis at least 10 mm. long, the sepals lanceolate, not or not conspicucusly scarious-margined, copiously villous-hirsute; stems and leaves more or less villous-hirsute; leaf blades angulate-lobed to pedately 5-parted_. 16. J. urrsuruta. 1. [Ipomoea coccinea L., Sp. Pl. 160. 1753. Quamoclit coccinea Moench, Meth. Pl. 453. 1794. Coconino County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, hillsides and canyons, May to October. Western Texas to Arizona and southward into tropical America. Easily distinguished from all the other Arizona species by the scarlet, narrowly trumpet-shaped corolla. The typical form, with cordate or subsagittate, otherwise nearly entire leaf blades, is less common in Arizona than var. hederifolia (L.) Gray (I. hederifolia L.) with some or all of the blades deeply 3-lobed to pedately 5-parted. 2. Ipomoea longifolia Benth., Pl. Hartw. 16. 1839. Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, plains and mesas, usually with grasses, July and August. Oklahoma to southern Arizona and Mexico. 710 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The trailing stems up to 3 m. long, long narrow entire leaves, and large white, pink-throated corolla, make this species easily distinguishable. 3. Ipomoea thurberi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2*: 212. 1878. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, plains and mesas, August and September, type from southern Arizona near Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurber 966). Southern Arizona and Sonora. Stems trailing, the purple flowers opening in the evening. 4. Ipomoea egregia House, Torreya 6: 124. 1906. Ipomoea cuneifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 90. 1883. Not Meisn., 1869. Known only from the type collection in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2837), September. 5. Ipomoea lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: GO yaSS3% Known only from the type collection in the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon 2840), August. 6. Ipomoea muricata Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 52. 1794. Ipomoea patens (A. Gray) House, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Ann. 18: Zote 90S: Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, August and September. New Mexico and southern Arizona to northern South America. 7. Ipomoea plummerae A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 2': 434. 1886. Apache County to Coconino County, south to the Pinaleno Moun- tains (Graham County) and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 9,000 feet, mostly in coniferous forests, August and September, type from Arizona (Lemmon 2839). Arizona and northern Mexico. Corolla pink, the tuber reported to be edible. 8. Ipomoea tenuiloba Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 148. 1859. Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, 6,000 feet (Blumer 2138), September. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 9. Ipomoea costellata Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 149. 1859. Yavapai County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, common on dry grassy plains and mesas, July to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 10. Ipomoea leptotoma Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 150. 1859. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,500 feet, com- mon on dry grassy plains and mesas, August to October, type from Sonora near the Arizona border. New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Mexico. An attractive plant with rather large pink (seldom white) corollas, apparently hybridizing occasionally with J. costellata. Specimens with noticeably hirsute stems belong to var. wootont Kelso, of which the type was collected in the Santa Rita Mountains (Wooton in 1914). 11. Ipomoea heterophylla Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 1: 9. 1797. Near Tombstone and Hereford (Cochise County), western slope of the Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 4,500 feet, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA GAt mesas and plains, September. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. The corolla is purple. Specimens from Cochise County resemble Mexican specimens, but those from the Baboquivari Mountains probably represent a distinct variety, having the leaf lobes narrower and more attenuate at both ends, the calyx with shorter and less dense pubescence, and the sepals with broader bases and more abrupt tips. 12. Ipomoea barbatisepala A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2*: 212. 1878. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, canyons, etc., climbing on shrubs, August and September. Western Texas, southern Arizona, and Mexico. The corolla is normally purplish pink, sometimes white. *13. Ipomoea cardiophylla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2°: 213. 1878. House (see footnote 15, p. 708, House, p. 258), gives the range as “western Texas to Arizona and Mexico,” but cites no collections, and the writers have seen no specimens from this State. 14. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 466. 1797. Convolvulus purpureus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 219. 1762. Occasional in cultivated fields in southern Arizona, September. Widely distributed in the United States; naturalized from tropical America. One of the cultivated morning-glories, in places a troublesome field weed. 15. Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl. 161. 1753. Valley of the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Pima County (Pringle in 1884). Southern Florida, southern Arizona, Mexico, and southward. Pringle’s specimen differs from the common form of the species in having glabrous leaves, sepals, and capsules, and nearly glabrous stems. 16. Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq. f., Eclog. Pl. Rar. 1: 63. 1811. Ipomoea desertorum House, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Ann. 18: 203. 1908. Southern Navajo, Graham, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 5,500 feet, in various situations, July to October. Western Texas to central and southern Arizona, south to Central America. Sometimes a weed in cultivated land, especially in cotton fields in Graham County. A common form with elongate sepal tips is I. desertorum House. A similar variation is found occasionally also in I. purpurea. The type of J. desertorum was collected at Tucson (Thornber 29). 104. POLEMONIACEAE. Putox FramMiLy Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves simple or compound; flowers perfect, mostly regular, 5-merous; stamens separately attached to the corolla, inserted equally or un- equally; ovary superior, mostly 3-celled; style usually 3-cleft; fruit a longitudinally dehiscent capsule. An almost wholly American family, comprising many plants with 712 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE beautiful flowers. Species of the genera Phlox, Gilia, and Polemonium and the climbing Cobaea scandens are garden favorites. Key to the genera 1. Calyx in fruit not becoming ruptured by the capsule; corolla regular; leaves alternate, not prickly (2). 2. Leaves simple; calyx tube scarious and whitish between the ribs, with a short coounlike fold pine alc lis Sina ys) eee 2. COLLOMIA. 2. Leaves pinnately compound with numerous leaflets; calyx entirely herba- ceous and green, the tube not distended or folded between the ribs. 4, POLEMONIUM. 1. Calyx in fruit becoming ruptured by the capsule or, if not so (in Gilia, sub- genus Navarretia), then the plant annual, the leaves prickly, the inflores- cence involucrate, and the sepals unequal (8). 3. Corolla regular, salverform or, if somewhat funnelform, then the plant suffrutescent, the stems tall and weak, and the corolla whitish, 1.5 to 2 em. long; stamens included, inserted at different levels in the corolla tube; leaves entire, narrow, mostly opposite__-_-____-__- ie Baoxe 3. Corolla regular or irregular, funnelform, campanulate, nearly rotate or, if salverform, then the stamens all inserted at the same level; stamens often exserted (4). 4, Bracts (when present) and the calyx only partly scarious; corolla regular or only slightly bilabiate; stamens included or moderately exserted, the filaments erect or slightly declined; leaves usually lobed or dis- sected.u 2 uo 5 8 eS ae eee eee iets Sey lea cee o. Gimme 4. Bracts and calyx wholly scarious except the midrib; corolla usually dis- tinctly bilabiate; stamens long-exserted, the filaments strongly declined and incurved; leaves entire, or merely serrate or dentate. 5. LorSsELIA. ile JPISUL{OD Contributed by Epcar T. WHERRY Perennial herbs or the plants somewhat woody; leaves opposite, entire; inflorescence cymose, often reduced to a solitary flower; corolla salverform or rarely funnelform; stamens 5, irregular; ovules 1 to 3 in each carpel. Flowering occurs twice a year, in spring and occasionally again after summer rains. The species are in many cases not well defined. Some have been renamed more than once, and names are often applied to specimens not closely related to the type material on which those names were originally founded. The phloxes are popular garden plants, especially where a mass of blooms is desired. Several of the native species of Arizona have been brought under cultivation. Phlox tenuifolia grows naturally in the chaparral and may do well under cultivation in desert regions. The flowers of phlox are relished by sheep. Key to the species 1. Shoots tending to be short and branched, and the inflorescence to be simple: Depressed phloxes (2). 2. Pubescence more or less glandular (8). 3. Glandular pubescence extending throughout the herbage and even on to the corolla tubes bs S 5 See a ae ee ee 1. P. GLADIFORMIS. 3. Glandular pubescence limited to the inflorescence-herbage; corolla tube GlADTOUS Wi SBE ete ee tie ort eee ee 2. P. CAESPITOSA. 2. Pubescence wholly eglandular (4). 4. Leaves thickish, gray green, more or less acerose (5). 5. Leaf outline linear-subulate; pubescence sparse; calyx intercostally — Carmates:. 4a. Pit i ee ie ee 3. P. AUSTROMONTANA. 5. Leaf outline ovate; pubescence copious; calyx intercostally flat. P. COVILLEI. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA ‘le 4. Leaves thinnish, soft, scarcely acerose (6). 6. Herbage bright- (rarely gray-) green, glabrate to moderately pubescent; leaves linear-subulate, the larger ones often more than 1 mm. wide; calyx intercostally somewhat carinate_-—_------_-__-- 5. P. DIFFUSA. 6. Herbage gray green, canescent to arachnoid-tomentose, rarely glabrate; leaves subulate, rarely more than 1 mm. wide; calyx intercostally ey i get 7 eo ee ee ee 6. P. HOODII. 1. Shoots tending to be elongate and little-branched, and the inflorescence to be compound: Elate phloxes (7). Corolla funnelform; leaves small and sparse__--------- 7. P. TENUIFOLIA. Corolla salverform (8). 8. Underground parts chiefly long slender rootstocks, terminating in clusters of evergreen leaves, from which arise the flowering shoots of the next season; leaves mostly narrowly elliptic and obtusish; calyx inter- SORA at ee eee eee eo ie aE 8. P. cLUTENA. 8. Underground parts chiefly taproots; leaves deciduous, or a few cauline ones evergreen (9). 9. Styles short, not equaling the sepals (10). 10. Woody tissue well developed; petals notched_ 9. P. WooDHOUSEI. 7. 7. 10. Woody tissue little developed; petals entire__-_-__-- 10. P. NANA. 9. Styles elongate, exceeding the sepals (11). it.’ Coralia tube 20 to: 25 mm. long _____-_ - =.=. 11. P. sTANSBURYI. 11. Corolla tube 12 to 18 mm. long (12). 12. Calyx intercostally bulging-carinate; leaves tending to be long- MPM AGM felts! 8 Gen es 12: _.P: TONGIFOLIA. 12. Calyx intercostally flat to moderately carinate; leaves tending to be short-acuminate and thick___________~_ 13. P. AMABILIs. *1. Phlox gladiformis (M. E. Jones) E. Nels., Rev. Phlox 21. 1899. Phlox longifolia var. gladiformis M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 2, 5: 711. 1895. Phlox gooddingii A. Nels. and Kenn., Muhlenbergia 3: 141. 1908. Phlox caesia Eastw., Leaflets West. Bot. 2: 54. 1937. Although not yet actually collected in Arizona, this Phlor occurs so near the State borders in both Nevada and Utah that it seems likely to be found here. It is a cespitose plant characterized by having the herbage and even the corolla tube densely covered with gland-tipped hairs that emit a musky odor. *2. Phlox caespitosa Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 7:41. 1834. This Phlox grows in Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, not far from the Arizona line, and its occurrence in Arizona is to be expected. The plants are pulvinate, with linear-subulate, coarsely ciliate leaves. 3. Phlox austromontana Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 151. 18983. Northern and central Arizona, also in Graham County, up to 8,000 feet, rocky slopes. Idaho and Oregon to northwestern New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Mexico. This species forms grayish-green prickly cushions and mats, more or less pubescent with fine eglandular hairs, the flowers pink or white. Key to the subspecies 1. Plant spreading, with long-decumbent stems; longest leaves 15 to 30 mm. long; corolla tube 12 to 18 mm. long; styles 4.5 to 6 mm. long. subsp. PROSTRATA. 1. Plant compact; corolla tube 8 to 14 mm. long; styles 2.5 to 6 mm. long (2). 2. Stems short-decumbent or erect; longest leaves 12 to 20 mm. long. subsp. VERA. 2. Stems short; longest leaves 8 to 12 mm. long_________-_-~_~- subsp. DENSA. et 714 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The subsp. prostrata (EK. Nels.) Wherry (P. austromontana var. prostrata KE. Nels., P. acerba A. Nels.) occurs in northern Coconino and western Graham Counties. The subsp. vera Wherry occurs in Coconino, Yavapai, and Mohave Counties. Thesubsp. densa (Brand) Wherry (P. densa Brand), is found in Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties. 4. Phlox covillei E. Nels., Rev. Phlox. 15. 1899. Northwestern corner of Mohave County, 4,000 feet, dry sandy barrens, early spring. Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and California. The original material of this species has the pubescence partly glandular, but the phase occurring in Arizona and eastern Nevada is wholly eglandular. Further study may show the latter to constitute a different subspecies. 5. Phlox diffusa Benth., Pl. Hartw. 325. 1849. Northern Apache and Coconino Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, plateaus and canyon rims, on rock ledges and gravelly slopes, late spring. Idaho and Washington to northern Arizona and southern California. The Arizona plants belong to subsp. subcarinata Wherry, which forms mats densely covered with soft, bright-green or exceptionally erayish, linear-subulate leaves, producing an abundance of white to pink flowers. The typical subspecies, which differs in being less compact and in having flat intercostal calyx membranes, grows chiefly in the California Sierras. 6. Phlox hoodii Richards., Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823. Northwestern corner of Mohave County, 4,000 feet, dry sandy barrens, early spring. Western North America. This widespread species reaches its southern limit in Arizona, where it is represented by a small-leaved variant (P. muscoides Nutt.), apparently only an ecologic form. The longer-leaved P. hoodii subsp. canescens (T. and G.) Wherry is also to be looked for in northernmost Arizona. 7. Phlox tenuifolia E. Nels., Rev. Phlox 27. 1899. Phlox gilioides A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 1: 127. 1926. Roosevelt (Gila County), to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 5,000 feet, rocky slopes, flowering in spring and rarely again in autumn, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1881). Known only from Arizona. When growing in the open, the plants form tufts of slender, woody- based stems up to 75 cm. long, bearing sparse small leaves. In partial shade the stems elongate, supporting themselves on other shrubs and attaining a length of 1.2m. The white to lavender, strongly scented flowers are unique in the genus in having the corolla tube funnelform. 8. Phlox clutena A. Nels., Amer. Bot. 28: 24. 1922. Lukachukai Mountains (Apache County), Keet Seel, etc. (Navajo County), Navajo Mountain (Coconino County), 6,000 to 10,000 feet, pine forests, late spring and early summer. Southern Utah and northeastern Arizona. 3 The slender rootstocks creep through the humus of the forest floor, producing numerous clusters of evergreen leaves. The flowers are large and brilliantly phlox purple. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 715 9. Phlox woodhousei Torr. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 256. 1870 (as P. woodhousit). Phlor speciosa subsp. eu-speciosa var. woodhousei Brand, Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 73. 1907. Phlox woodhousei oculata A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 18: 433. 1931. White Mountains (southern Apache and Navajo Counties) to the San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), Prescott (Yavapai County), Pinal Mountains (Gila County), and southwestern Cochise County, 3,500 to 7,500 feet, open woods on rocky slopes, flowering in spring and autumn, type from near the present Fairview, Coconino County (Woodhouse in 1851). Almost endemic in Arizona, extending but a short distance into New Mexico. This dwarf shrub is easily recognized by its thick oblong acutish or obtusish leaves, and bright pink flowers with deeply notched corolla lobes and short styles. 10. Phlox nana Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser 2,1: 153. 1848. Rucker Valley, Cochise County, about 5,500. feet (Lemmon 415). Western Texas, New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua. The species is represented in Arizona by subsp. glabella (A. Gray) Brand (P. triovulata Thurb.), distinguished by eglandular pubescence. The Lemmon collection was named by Brand P. nelsoniz, but his diagnostic character—lobes of the calyx 1% times as long as the tube —is too inconstant and trivial fornomenclatorial recognition. P.nana is a herbaceous perennial, varying in habit from one season to another, with purple to white corollas larger than in any other PAlozx of Arizona. 11. Phlox stansburyi (Torr.) Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 478. 1897. Phlox speciosa var. (?) stansburyi Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 145. 1859. Northern Navajo County to eastern Mohave County, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, dry soil, often with sagebrush, spring. Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, northern Arizona, and eastern California. This species name has been applied to all sorts of dissimilar phloxes, but the type material is characterized by having the corolla tube 20 to 25 mm. long, and there seems to be no reason for expanding the definition of the species to cover the shorter-tubed P. clutena, P. longifolia, P. amabilis, ete. 12. Phlox longifolia Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 7: 41. 1834. Coconino, Mohave, and northern Yavapai Counties, 4,000 to 6,800 feet, dry sandy or rocky slopes, spring. Wyoming to British Colum- bia, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Key to the subspecies 1. Herbage eglandular; leaves short________________________ subsp. HUMILIs. 1. Herbage glandular in the inflorescence (2). 2. Leaves (the larger ones) 50 to 70 mm. long, rather narrow oT) ag CS oA oP AN wt ay BOR eee hs Oe oe) subsp. LONGIPEs. 2. Leaves (none of them) more than 45 mm. long___-___--_- subsp. COMPACTA. The subsp. humilis (Dougl.) Wherry (P. humilis Dougl.) has been collected at Black Rock Spring, northern Mohave County (Jones 5098}). The subsp. longipes (Jones) Wherry (P. linearifolia var. 716 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE longipes M. E. Jones) is found in the Grand Canyon region (Coconino County) and in Mohave County. The subsp. compacta (Brand) Wherry (P. stansburyt subsp. compacta Brand), which intergrades to some extent with P. amabilis, occurs throughout the range of the species in Arizona. 13. Phlox amabilis Brand, Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 74. 1907. Phloz longifolia var. brenfolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 24: 133. 1878. Phlox stansburyt subsp. eu-stansburyr var. brevifolia subvar. microcalyx Brand, Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 67. 1907. Phlox grayi Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. 8S. Natl. Herbarium G2 Wo. UGS, Phlox visenda A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 18: 434. 1931. Southern Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Santa Cruz County, 4,000 to 9,000 feet, dry gravelly slopes, spring and occasion- ally autumn, type of P. amabilis from near Prescott, Yavapai County (1. Palmer 391), type of P. visenda from Grandview, Coconino County (A. Nelson 10219). Western New Mexico, Arizona, southern Utah, Nevada, and eastern California. Phlox amabilis is a low plant with thick oblong leaves, and when, as is often the case, its corolla lobes are deeply notched, it bears a striking resemblance to P. woodhousei. In the former, however, the stamens and styles are nearly as long as the corolla tube, whereas in the latter they are much shorter than the tube. The real difficulty lies in the intergradation between P. amabilis and P. longifolia compacta, inter- mediates between these being met with more frequently than is usually the case when two plants are really independent species. The broad, thick, short-acuminate to acute, or even obtusish leaves of P. amabilis are, however, so unlike the narrow, thin, long-acuminate leaves of the several subspecies of P. longifolia that the views of the more recent workers as to their distinctness are here accepted. 2. COLLOMIA Plants annual; leaves sessile, the blades entire, linear to lanceolate or the floral ones sometimes ovate; flowers in dense terminal leafy heads; corolla regular, funnelform-salverform, the tube long and slender; stamens unequally inserted; seeds mucilaginous in water. Key to the species 1. Corolla purplish, 6 to 15 mm. long and about twice as long as the calyx, with a narrow throat and a small limb; calyx usually less than 7 mm. long, the lobes subulate or narrowly lanceolate, acute__________-_ 1. C,. LINEARIS. 1. Corolla salmon pink or apricot color, usually at least 20 mm. long and thrice as long as the calyx, with an ample throat and limb; calyx 7 mm. long or longer, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtusish_______~_ 2. C. GRANDIFLORA. 1. Collomia linearis Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 126. 1818. Kaibab Plateau to Oak Creek (Coconino County), 6,500 to 8,500 feet, July and August. Quebec to British Columbia, south to Colorado, Arizona, and California. 2. Collomia grandiflora Dougl. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1174. 1828. North rim of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), mountains of. Gila County, 3,400 to 8,000 feet, mostly in coniferous forests but some- FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 717 times onopen slopes, May (and perhaps later). Montana to British Columbia, south to Arizona and California. The flower color is commonly salmon or apricot, but varies to cream. 3. GILIA Plants of diverse habit, commonly herbaceous; leaves’ simple or compound; calyx camosepalous, tubular or campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes often spinescent; corolla regular or slightly irregular, campanulate, funnelform, or salverform. A difficult genus, partly because of its size, but the numerous segregate genera accepted by some authorities seem to the writers to be of only subgeneric rank. Many of the species have beautiful flowers and are well worth cultivating. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades pinnatifid, with all of the lobes sharply setose and the lower ones reduced to long setae; stems decumbent or prostrate; calyx teeth long- setose; corolla pale blue or whitish; stamens more or less exserted: Subgenus Langloisia : 2. Corolla distinctly irregular, more or less bilabiate; stamens more or less declined at apex (3). 3. Corolla lobes not more than half as long as the tube, the latter little if at Bib ner 4 ge pee petlge eee 3. ee ee !. G. scHortir. 3. Corolla lobes nearly equaling the tube, the latter distinctly longer than PRUE ee Se ee ae a ee eae 2. G. MATTHEWSIL. 2. Corolla regular or nearly so; stamens not or scarcely declined (4). 4. Corolla lobes little shorter than the tube___________- 3. G. PUNCTATA. 4. Corolla lobes about one-third as long as the tube____ 4. G. SETOSISSIMA. 1. Leaf blades commonly pinnatifid, but none of the lobes reduced to setae or, if nearly so (in subgenus Navarretza), then the corolla white or yellow with a limb less than 2 mm. wide (5). 5. Stamens inserted at different levels on the corolla tube, the anthers appearing at different levels, not exserted from the throat of the corolla; ovules normally solitary in each cell of the ovary; corolla narrowly funnelform, not more than 10 mm. long: Section Phlogastrum (6). 6. Leaves mostly opposite, the blades entire; corolla not more than 1% times as long as the calyx, pink or lavender; flowers axillary, or clustered at the ends of the stems; stems up to 12’em. ions 5. G. erRaciis. 6. Leaves alternate, with some or all of the blades pinnately or subpalmately parted or divided; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, bright blue; flowers in subcorymbose or subcapitate, terminal clusters; stems 15 pid Apmeiar lomeer. oe 2s 2 oes 6. G. GILIOIDEs. 5. Stamens inserted at the same level or nearly so, or the anthers appearing at nearly the same levei, often exserted ‘from the throat of the corolla; ovules 2 or more (rarely solitary) in each cell of the ovary (7). 7. Calyx teeth unequal (8). 8. Corolla campanulate (9). 9. Flowers crowded in few-flowered clusters, sessile, or on pedicels much shorter than the calyx; corolla white, or tinged or marked with purple, 6 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades entire or 3-parted, often opposite; stems not more than (usually much less than) 8 cm. Repth ee et a a ee fae 7. G. DACTYLOPHYLLUM. 9. Flowers solitary, on pedicels 1 to several times as long as the calyx; corolla yellow, not more than 5 mm. long; leaf blades all entire, mostly alternate; stems usually 10 to 20 cm. ong G. FILIFORMIS. 8. Serer seein or nearly tubular; inflorescences ae subcapitate (10). 10. Inflorescence sparsely villous; anthers oval or nearly orbicular, not sagittate; corolla white or yellow, very narrow, the tube shorter than the calyx; leaves pinnatifid, the lobes needlelike, rigid, spinescent, as are also the calyx teeth: Subgenus Navarretia (11). 718 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 11. Stems depressed, often forming dense tufts; herbage not glandular, loosely villous in the inflorescence; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long; stamens usually aneluded == sesame 9. G. MINIMA. 11. Stems erect, often diffusely branched; herbage glandular-puberu- lent; corolla yellow, 6 to 8 mm. “long; stamens usually ex- gerted 1+ Ls ean eee eae 10. . BREWERI. 10. Inflorescence lanate; anthers sagittate; corolla limb normally blue or lavender; leaves entire, or pinnately parted with 2 to 4 narrowly linear or "filiform divisions, these and the calyx lobes acerose but not rigidly spinescent: Subgenus Hugelia (12). 12. Corolla less than 1 cm. long; anthers 0.5 to 1 mm. long. 11. G. FILiroLTA 12. Corolla 1 em. long or longer; anthers rarely less than 1, commonly abouti2 mmilonge: 6. sos ae eee ee 12. G. EREMICA. 7. Calyx teeth equal or nearly so (13). 13. Corolla rotate, the limb bright blue; plant suffrutescent, depressed ; leaves pinnate or subpalmate with few narrow, rigid, acerose AIVISIOMGS: S54 cs era Loe aah eee 13. G. RIGmpuLa. 13. Corolla funnelform or salverform (14). 14. Leaves opposite or, if alternate, then palmately 3- to 7-parted or divided, rigidly pungent, and often with very short branchlets in the axils (15). 15. Plants perennial; leaves alternate or opposite; corolla showy, white, salverform or funnelform-salverform; plant with a phloxlike odor when dry: Section Leptodactylon (16). 16. Corolla funnelform-salverform, the tube considerably surpassing the calyx; leaves (at least the upper ones) alternate, rigid, appressed. or ascending at a narrow angle, the divisions acicular, usually less than 1 em. long; seeds unchanged in Waber 2 Ue 25 ae Dee es ene 14. G. PUNGENS. 16. Corolla salverform, the tube not or but slightly surpassing the calyx; leaves opposite, soft, spreading, the divisions narrowly inear or filiform, usually more than 1 em. long; seeds muci- laginous in Waterss Act (angle gum 15. G. NUTTALLIL. 15. Plants annual; leaves opposite: Section Linanthus (17). 17. Corolla broadly funnelform, yellow or with a whitish limb, 10 to 15 mm. long; leaves palmately parted, short, seldom more than 1 em. long; stems usually diffusely branched, 5 to 20 em. long. 222 00S Eee eee se eee eee 16. G. AURBA. 17. Corolla funnelform-salverform, white or tinged outside with brown purple; leaves entire, narrowly linear to nearly filiform, or parted with very few similar divisions, usually more than 1 em. long; flowers vespertine (18). 18. Seeds unchanged in water; corolla 20 to 30 mm. long, the lobes equaling or longer than the tube. 17. G. DICHOTOMA. 18. Seeds mucilaginous in water; corolla less than 15 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube. 18. G. BIGELOVITI. 14. Leaves all (or the upper ones) alternate, never palmately parted (19). 19. Plants perennial] (occasionally biennial?) ; flowers showy; stems mostly erect: Section [pomopsis (20). 20. Inflorescence short and broad, corymbiform, loose or somewhat compact; leaf blades dentate or pinnately cleft, the basal ones obovate or oblanceolate; corolla coral pink when fresh; stamens included, the filaments almost none; seeds not changing ain Waler—- === nee eee 19. G. SUBNUDA. 20. Inflorescence elongate, thyrsoid; leaf blades pinnately parted (sometimes entire in G. multiflora) ; filaments well developed; seeds mucilaginous in water (21). 21. Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, light blue, lavender, or whitish; stamens usually conspicuously exserted and the upper ones declined; plant often suffrutescent. 20. G. MULTIFLORA, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 719 21. Corolla usually 15 mm. long or longer; stamens not de- clined (22). 22. Color of the corolla normally red or pink, the lobes acute or acuminate (28). 23. Tube and throat of the corolla 18 to 40 mm. long, the lobes caudate-acuminate; stamens exserted. 21. G. AGGREGATA. 23. Tube and throat of the corolla 10 to 15 mm. long, the lobes acute or short-acuminate; stamens included. 22. G. ARIZONICA. 22. Color of the corolla blue, violet, or deep purple, the lobes rounded, more or less emarginate and apiculate (24). 24. Corolla i5 to 20 mm. long; style glabrous; stamens not or only moderately exserted_____ 23. G. MACOMBIL. 24. Corolla 30 to 35 mm. long; style pubescent; stamens Pmpereree een te ree yee 24. G. THURBERI. 19. Plants annual (25). 25. Inflorescence normally capitate or subeapitate; stems leafy (26). 26. Flower clusters subtended by leafy bracts; corolla not more than 10 mm. long, the limb white or whitish; stems usually decumbent or spreading, not more than 30 cm. long: Section Elaphocera (27). 27. Corolla regular or nearly so, 4 to 5 mm. long; stamens not exserted; style glabrous; leaves all or nearly all pin- nine OF GENneate= 7s == 25. G. POLYCLADON. . Corolla slightly bilabiate, 6 to 10 mm. long; stamens exserted, somewhat declined; style sparsely puberulent, at least below (28). 28. Leaf blades, at least the basal ones, pinnatifid or dentate. 2 G. PUMILA. Leaf blades. all entire... =... 27. G. GUNNISONI. 26. Te er clusters naked; corolla limb normally blue or violet (29). 29. Corolla narrowly funnelform, deep blue, not more than 7 mm. long; herbage viscid; leaves pinnatifid; ovules and seeds normally 1 in each cell; clusters few-flowered, loosely subecapitate to thyrsoid, sometimes even more open, short-stalked or nearly sessile. 6. G. GILIOIDEs. 29. Corolla broadly funnelform, pale violet or lavender, 7 to 10 mm. long; herbage not viscid; leaves bipinnatifid; ovules and seeds several in each eell (30). 30. Inflorescence densely capitate, many-flowered; peduncles very long; calyx lanate____ 28. G. ACHILLEAEFOLIA. 30. Inflorescence loosely subcapitate, few-flowered; peduncles long or short; calyx not lanate 29. G. MULTICAULIS. 25. Inflorescence open, paniculate or corymbiform (31). 31. Seeds not changing in water; root leaves coarsely dentate or serrate or, at most, shallowly pinnatifid; inflorescence an open, rather few-flowered panicle (32). 32. Root leaves oblong-ovate to nearly orbicular, 15 to 50 mm. wide, irregularly and coarsely serrate or incised with long-cuspidate teeth; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long, the limb 420 57am. 1h Giameter. 2. 2 oo 2. 30. G. LATIFOLIA. 32. Root leaves oblong-linear, 3 to 15 mm. wide, rather regu- larly pinnately cleft; corolla 4 to 6 mm. long, the limb 2 to 3mm. in diameter; stem leaves reduced, bractlike. 31. G. LEPTOMERIA. 31. Seeds mucilaginous in water; leaf blades, at least the basal ones, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; inflorescence paniculate or corymbiform, the flowers numerous (33). 33. Corolla 30 to 50 mm. long, pale blue or nearly white; mature capsules 144 to 2 times as long as the ealyx: flowers long-pediceled, in very open, corymbiform pani- cles; leaves pinnately parted, with few, long, narrowly linear or filiform divisions_ _~____- 32. G. LONGIFLORA. 286744°—42—_46 790 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 33. Corolla seldom more than 25 mm. long, the limb usually lavender or pink, drying blue; mature capsules not or but little surpassing the calyx: Section Eugilia (34). 34. Corolla tube much longer than the throat, usually at least twice as long; leaf blades pinnately toothed or cleft, the teeth little longer than wide; inflorescence anvOpeMspamicleana ses = aa 33. G. SCOPULORUM. 34. Corolla tube less than twice as long as the throat, usually about equally long; leaf blades pinnately to tripin- nately parted, the divisions oblong to nearly filiform, usually much longer than wide (35). 35. Corolla broadly funnelform, 15 to 30 mm. long, 3% to 6 times as long as the calyx_ 34. G. TENUIFLORA. 35. Corolla less than 15 mm. long (36). 36. Calyx about one-third as long as the corolla, this usually broadly funnelform__ 35. G. ARENARIA. 36. Calyx about one-half as long as the corolla, this usually narrowly funnelform. 36. G. INCONSPICUA. 1. Gilia schottii (Torr.) S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 2G LSiale Navarretia schottii Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 145. 1859. Langloisia schottii Greene, Pittonia 3: 30. 1896. Mohave and Yuma Counties, 2,000 feet or lower, sandy desert washes, March and April. Southern Utah to Sonora and south- eastern California. 2. Gilia matthewsii A. Gray, Syn. Fl., N. Amer. ed. 2,21: 409. 1886. Langloisia matthewsv Greene, Pittonia 3: 30. 1896. “Central Arizona’’ (Palmer 404, in 1876, part), a doubtful basis for including this species in the flora of Arizona. 3. Gilia punctata (Coville) Munz, Man. South. Calif. Bot. 599. 1935. nee sessed var. punctata Coville, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 7: Landis Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 37: 58. 1904. Fort Mohave (Lemmon in 1884, part), April. Western Nevada western Arizona, and southeastern California. 4. Gilia setosissima (Torr. and Gray) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sein Proce Saale Sios Navarretia setosissima Torr. and Gray in Ives, Colo. River Rpt. 2225 SOO: Langloisia setosissima Greene, Pittonia 3: 30. 1896. Western Maricopa, Mohave, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or lower, sandy desert washes, March and April. Idaho to Arizona and southeastern California. 5. Gilia gracilis (Dougl.) Hook., Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2924. 1829. Collomia gracilis Doug]. ex Hook., ibid. as synonym. Microsteris gracilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 300. 1898. Microsteris macdougalii Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 621. 1899. | Coconino and Mohave Counties to Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, moist soil around springs and along streams, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Pd | February to May, type of M. macdougalii from Flagstaff (MacDougal 42). Nebraska to British Columbia, south to Arizona and California. The Arizona form appears to be var. micrantha (Kellogg) Brand. 6. Gilia gilioides (Benth.) Greene, Erythea 1: 93. 1893. Collomia gilioides Benth., Edward’s Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1622. 1835. Gila and Yavapai Counties to Pima County, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, moist soil along streams, March to May. Nevada and Oregon to Arizona and California. 7. Gilia dactylophyllum Torr. in Ives, Colo. River Rpt. 22. 1860. Gilia demissa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 263. 1870. Linanthus demissus Greene, Pittonia 2: 257. 1892. Linanthus dactylophyllus Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 698, 1065. 1917. Mohave, Pinal, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 feet or lower, desert sands, locally abundant, March to April, type from mouth of Diamond Creek, Mohave County (Newberry in 1858). Utah, Arizona, and southeastern California. 8. Gilia filiformis Parry ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 75. 1874. Mohave County, at Fort Mohave (Lemmon in 1884), and Yucca (Jones 3909), 500 to 1,800 feet, April and May. Utah, western Arizona, and southeastern California. 9. Gilia minima (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 269. 1870. Navarretia minima Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 160. 1848. Coconino County, 7,000 to 8,000 feet, openings in pine forests, June to August. Washington to Arizona and California. 10. Gilia breweri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 269. 1870. Navarretia breweri Greene, Pittonia 1: 137. 1887. Navajo Mountain, Coconino County (Peebles and Smith 13957), about 8,000 feet, June. Wyoming to California and northern Arizona. 11. Gilia filifolia Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 156. 1848. Mohave County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 4,000 feet, plains and mesas, April and May. Idaho and Washing- ton to western Texas, Arizona, and Baja California. The Arizona form is var. diffusa Gray, with floccose pubescence. The typical form of the species varies from pilose to nearly glabrous. 12. Gilia eremica (Jepson) Craig, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 61: 417. 1934. Hugelia eremica Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 793. 1925. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Graham, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,000 feet, common on dry plains and mesas, 722 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE March to June. Southern Utah and Nevada to Sonora and south- eastern California. Sometimes so abundant as to color large areas with its sky-blue flowers. Intergrades with G. filifolia. The common form, especially in southern Arizona, is var. arizonica Craig,’® with a nearly regular corolla, the lobes about half as long as the tube. The var. zionis Craig, with a distinetly irregular corolla, the lobes about two-thirds as long as the tube, is found in Coconino and Mohave Counties. 13. Gilia rigidula Benth. in DC., Prodr. 9: 312. 1845. Apache, Navajo, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,500 to 6,500 feet, dry plains and mesas, May to September. Kansas and Colorado to Arizona and Mexico. The species is represented in Arizona by var. acerosa A. Gray (G@. acerosa Britton). The bright-blue flowers are very attractive. 14. Gilia pungens (Torr.) Benth. in DC., Prodr. 9: 316. 1845. Caniua pungens Torr, Aum, Tyce: IN. Yo 2:22200 1328, Leptodactylon pungens Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2 57 sis: Navajo and Coconino Counties, 6,500 to 7,000 feet, May and June. Montana to British Columbia, south to New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. The Arizona specimens belong to var. hookeri (Dougl.) Gray. The flowers of this and the next species resemble those of Phlox. 15. Gilia nuttallii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 267. 1870. Leptodactylon nuttallu Rydb., Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: Ze WNOOG: Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, and Gila Counties, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, mostly in open pine forests, July and August. Wyoming to Washington, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and Baja California. The common, if not the only, form in Arizona is var. floribunda (Gray) Munz (G. floribunda Gray), characterized by a relatively loose inflorescence and distinctly pedicelled flowers. 16. Gilia aurea Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 155. 1848. Linanthus aureus Greene, Pittonia 2: 257. 1892. ?Gilia ashtonae A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 114. 1938. Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, common on dry plains and mesas, March to June. Western Texas to southern Nevada and southeastern California. The plant is sometimes so abundant as to color extensive areas with its yellow flowers. A rather rare form, var. decora A. Gray, has the corolla limb whitish instead of bright yellow. G. ashtonae, of which the type was collected near Canyon Lake, Maricopa County (Nelson 1768), may be merely a form of G@. aurea with exceptionally long pedicels. 16 CRAIG, THOMAS. A REVISION OF THE SUBGENUS HUGELIA OF THE GENUS GILIA (POLEMONIACEAE). Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 61: 411-428. 1934. See p. 419.) on FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA ize 17. Gilia dichotoma Benth. in DC., Prodr. 9: 314. 1845. Linanthus dichotomus Benth., Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1622. 1833. Maricopa and Pinal Counties (probably elsewhere), 1,000 to 2,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, not common, March. Southern Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. Known in California as evening-snow. The very fragrant flowers open in the evening, as in the next species. 18. Gilia bigelovii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 265. 1870. Linanthus bigelovii Greene, Pittonia 2: 253. 1892. Mohave County to southern Gila and Pima Counties, 3,700 feet or lower, common on dry mesas and slopes, March and April. Western Texas to Utah and southern California. Corolla with a cream-colored limb streaked with crimson, the tube mahogany-colored within. The var. gonesiz (A. Gray) Brand (G4. jonesit A. Gray), characterized by a more compact habit and a gland- ‘ular calyx, has been collected at Beaver Dam and Yucca (Mohave County), and near Sacaton (Pinal County). It is, perhaps, specific- ally distinct. 19. Gilia subnuda Torr. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. S: 276. 1870. Apache County to eastern Coconino County, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, rocky hills, June and July. Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. oals dele Fort Mohave, Mohave County (Lemmon in 1884). The writers have seen no other specimens from Arizona, and it is possible that Lemmon’s collection was made in the Mohave Desert, Calif. Utah to Oregon and California. 14. Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc: 10: 323eRalsior Eutoca sericea Graham, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 3003. 1830. Near Flagstaff, Coconino County (Purpus in 1899), apparently very rare in Arizona. Alberta to British Columbia, south to Colorado, northern Arizona, and Nevada. Purpus’ specimen belongs to var. biennis (A. Nels.) Brand (P. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 735 biennis A. Nels.), having green and glabrate herbage, pinnately parted leaves, and the style 2 to 3 times as long as the corolla. 15. Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 140. 1814. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 9,000 feet, common in rich rather moist soil in coniferous forests, descending lower along streams, April to October. Alberta and British Columbia to New Mexico, Arizona, and Wash- ington. 16. Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. ex Lehm., Noy. Stirp. Pugill. 2: 21. 1830. Gila, eastern Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, among shrubs in canyons, March to May. Washington to Ari- zona and California. The Arizona form is probably var. suffrutescens Parry, although the stems are scarcely woody. 17. Phacelia cryptantha Greene, Pittonia 5:21. 1902. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), and Mohave County to Green- lee (?), eastern Maricopa, and northeastern Pinal Counties, 2,300 to 4,300 feet, dry slopes under Quercus turbinella and other shrubs, April to June. Nevada, Arizona, and southeastern California. 18. Phacelia vallis-mortae J. Voss, South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 33: ifs. 2535. Mohave County, Chloride to Boulder Dam (Kearney and Peebles 13171), Portland Mine to Chloride (Kearney and Peebles 13164), Yucca (Jones 4620), 1,800 to 3,000 feet, among desert shrubbery, April and May. Southern Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and southeastern California. In Arizona this species seems to intergrade with P. cryptantha Greene and with P. distans Benth. 19. Phacelia distans Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 36. 1844. Mohave County to Graham, Gila, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 4,000 feet, very common under bushes along washes and in the foothills, March to May. Nevada, Arizona, and California. The delicate foliage and bright-blue flowers are attractive. The plants disappear rapidly as the soil dries out. The commoner form in Arizona is var. australis Brand with relatively few and large leaflets or divisions of the leaves; but var. eudistans Brand, with fernlike, bipinnate leaves having numerous small leaflets, is also not infrequent. Specimens with well-exserted stamens collected near Kingman, Mohave County, and near Hope, Yuma County (Kearney and Peebles 11142, 10991) are referable to var. ammophila (Greene) Brand. 20. Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 280. 1837. Specimens representing var. tenuifolia Thurber were collected in a wheatfield near Yuma (L. Swingle in 1916), doubtless introduced from California. 21. Phacelia integrifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 222. 1828. Apache County to Coconino County, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, May to September. Kansas and western Texas to Utah, northern Arizona, and Chihuahua. 286744°—49-__47 726 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 22. Phacelia palmeri Torr. ex. S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th lee oils eal. Coconino County, Lees Ferry (Jones in 1890), Mohave County, at Mokiak (Cottam 4113) and near Wolf Hole (Peebles and Parker 14741), 3,200 to 5,500 feet. Southern Utah, Nevada, and northern Arizona. 23. Phacelia serrata J. Voss, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 64: 88. 1937. Grand Canyon, San Francisco Peaks, and near Flagstaff (Coconino County), 5,200 to 7,000 feet, July to September, type from the San Francisco Peaks (Purpus 8064). Known only from northern Arizona. 24. Phacelia congesta Hook., Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 62: pl. 3452. 1835. A collection in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Goodding 2330) is cited by Voss, who refers it to var. rwpestris (Greene) Mac-. bride (P. rupestris Greene). Texas to southeastern Arizona. 25. Phacelia popei Torr. and Gray, U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: WiZeelsoor Graham, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,600 to 5,000 feet, common on plains and mesas, February to May. Texas to southern Arizona. This species is represented in Arizona by var. arizonica (Gray) J. Voss (P. arizonica Gray). 26. Phacelia neomexicana Thurber ex Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Botet43e sso: Apache County to Coconino and Yavapai Counties, 5,500 to 8,500 feet, May to August. Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Most of the Arizona specimens belong to var. pseudo-arizonica (Brand) Voss, characterized by low, spreading or decumbent stems, these not or sparingly branched above the base, and by a bluish- purple (exceptionally whitish) corolla. The var. alba (Rydb.) Brand with tall, erect, very leafy, freely branched stems and whitish corollas occurs in Apache County, on open flats at Alpine (Goodding 1262), and near Springerville (Stitt 1481). 27. Phacelia pedicellata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 160. 1878. Maricopa, Mohave, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 3,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, March to May. Western Arizona, southeastern Cali- fornia, and Baja California. The plant is glandular-viscid and very ill-scented. 28. Phacelia coerulea Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 8: 122. 1881. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Greenlee, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, rocky slopes, March and April. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Specimens with relatively narrow, pinnatifid leaf blades are difficult to distinguish from P. crenulata Torr., except by the included stamens. 29. Phacelia corrugata A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 34: 26. 1902. Apache County to Coconino County, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, gravelly flats and barren rocky slopes, May to September. Colorado and Utah to Texas, northern Arizona, and northern Mexico. Scarcely more than a variety of P. crenulata Torr. (P. crenulata var. corrugata Brand). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA tak 30. Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Paro: 2a. 157i: Throughout the State except in the extreme eastern portion, 4,000 feet or lower, very common on plains, mesas, and foothills, February to June. Southern Utah to New Mexico, Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. Sometimes called “wild-heliotrope,” Arizona’s most abundant species, very conspicuous in spring with its rich violet-purple flowers, the plant glandular-viscid and with an unpleasant, somewhat onion- like odor. The prevailing form in Arizona is var. ambigua (M. E. Jones) Macbride (P. ambigua M. E. Jones), which has the herbage hispid- hirsute with long very slender hairs, in addition to the (sometimes very scanty) glandular pubescence. The type collection of P. crenulata Torr., however, has similar pubescence. P. intermedia Wooton, a small-seeded form described by Voss as intermediate between 'P. corrugata and P. crenulata, has been collected, according to Voss, at Fort Verde (Yavapai County), Duncan (Greenlee County), and Tanque (Graham County). P. minutiflora Voss, a form with the corolla only 3 to 4 mm. long and wide, is known in Arizona only by a collection at Wickenburg (Palmer 626), which is probably merely a depauperate form of P. crenulata. 7 5. EMMENANTHE Plants annual, differing from Phacelia chiefly in the persistent, cream-colored or pale-yellow corolla. Key to the species 1. Capsule compressed, oblong; plant villous and glandular; stems erect; leaves sessile or nearly so, often slightly clasping at base, the blades oblong, pianatifid; pedicels filiform, often longer than the calyx, decurved, the flowers pendulous; corolla much longer than the calyx. ‘ 1. E. PENDULIFLORA. 1. Capsule turgid, ovoid; plant glabrous; stems diffuse or decumbent; leaves petioled, the blades obovate or spatulate, entire or few-toothed; pedicels stout, shorter than the calyx, not decurved; corolla not, or but slightly, longer pianid he Gale eee, 2 ee 2 eg 2. E. GLABERRIMA. 1. Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth., Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 2a. PSS5:; Southern Yavapai County to Pima County, 4,200 feet or lower, on slopes and along streams, usually under bushes, March to May. Southern Utah and Arizona to California. Whisperingbells, so-called from the rustling sound made by the persistent dry corollas. *2. Emmenanthe glaberrima Torr. ex S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 257. 1871. Militzia glaberrima Brand, Pflanzenreich IV. 251: 131. 1913. Reported by A. Gray (Syn. FI. ed. 2, 2!: 171. 1886) to have been collected by Newberry at Flax River (an old name of the Little Colorado). The plant has not been collected since in Arizona, so far as the writers know. It is known otherwise only from Nevada. 738 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 6. NAMA 19 Plants (Arizona species) annual; leaves alternate, the blades narrow, entire or very nearly so; calyx deeply cleft or parted; corolla funnel- form, usually red-purple; stamens not exserted; styles distinct or partly united. Key to the species 1. Sepals united one-fourth to one-half of their length, the calyx tube narrow, adnate to the ovary; styles partly united; stems leafy, hirsute, up to 35 cm. long: Section Zonolaciss == == a= ee 1. N. STENOCARPUM. 1. Sepals separate or nearly so, the calyx free from the ovary; styles separate or nearly so, at least when dry: Section Hunama (2). 2. Stems often matted, prostrate, not more than 10 cm. long and usually much shorter; corolla 3 to 5 mm. long; leaf blades rhombic-ovate or obovate, 3 to: 6mm, loneis es e e a ee 2. -N. PUSILLUM. 2. Stems erect or ascending or, if matted and prostrate, then the corolla not less than 6 mm. long (8). 3. Leaves mostly clustered at the ends of the branches and in a basal rosette, the stems otherwise naked or nearly so; herbage pilose or hirsutulous, the hairs soft, often somewhat retrorse; leaf blades seldom more than 3o mm, wides corollarip to lo mm longs = eee 3. N. DEMISSUM. 3. Leaves scattered along the stems; stems erect or ascending or, if prostrate, then the herbage hispid (4). 4. Corolla about 5 mm. long; seeds usually deeply pitted; stems erect, slender, sparingly branched, not more than 20 cm. long; leaf blades linear-elliptic or narrowly spatulate, 1 to 4 mm. wide. 4, N. DICHOTOMUM. 4, Corolla 7 to 15 mm. long; seeds not or obscurely pitted; stems usually decumbent or prostrate, branched from the base; herbage hispid- hirsute. 245242 2 oe tee ee eae eee 5. N. HISPIDUM, *1, Nama stenocarpum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. LOE Soley Asia Yuma (Vasey in 1881). Itis somewhat doubtful that this specimen was actually collected in Arizona. Southern Texas, southern Cali- fornia, and northern Mexico. *2. Nama pusilium Lemmon ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Rroc. 20:7 30525 1S8a: The writers have seen no specimens from Arizona but the type is stated to have come from Fort Mohave (Lemmon in 1884). The species has been collected at Needles on the California side of the Colorado River. Known definitely only from California. 3. Nama demissum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 25o-a OMe: Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,500 feet or lower, very common on sandy deserts, March to May. Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. This small plant is conspicuous in spring because of its abundance and the vivid red-purple color of the flowers. Most of the Arizona specimens belong to the diminutive form var. deserti Brand. 4. Nama dichotomum (Ruiz and Pavon) Choisy, Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve Mém. 6: 113. 1833. Hydrolea dichotoma Ruiz and Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 3: 22. 1802. Near the San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), probably elsewhere, 5,500 to 7,000 feet, 19 Reference: HitcHcock, C. LEO. A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GENUS NAMA. Amer. Jour. Bot. 20: 415-430, 518-534. 1933. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 739 August to September. Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico; South America. 5. Nama hispidum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 5: 339. 1861. Almost throughout the State, 5,000 feet or lower, dry plains and mesas, usually in sandy soil, February to June (sometimes autumn). Oklahoma and Colorado to Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. The form common in Arizona is var. spathulatum (Torr.) C. L. Hitche. A collection at Yuma of var. revolutum Jepson (Beard in 1911) is cited by Hitchcock. This variety is characterized by the presence of soft-hirsute as well as hispid pubescence, and by the strongly revolute leaves. The var. mentzelii Brand (Marilaunidium foliosum Woot. and Standl.) was collected in the Gila River bed near Sacaton, Pinal County (Harrison and Kearney 8814), where it doubt- less grew from seeds brought down the river from farther east. This variety has more stiffly hispid herbage than the other forms, and the pubescence of the lower leaf surface is glandular. 7. TRICARDIA Plants perennial; stems branched from the base; leaves mostly basal or nearly so, the blades spatulate; flowers in short racemes, the corolla with 10 narrow internal appendages, broadly campanulate, white and purple; stamens unequal. 1. Tricardia watsoni Torr. ex S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par 5: 258. 1371. Beaver Dam, northwestern Mohave County, 1,800 feet (Jones 5024 ai), April. Southern Utah and northwestern Arizona, to south- eastern California. 8. ERIODICTYON. YERBA-SANTA Shrub up to about 1.2 m. (4feet) high; leaf blades lanceolate, den- tate or denticulate, dark green and resinous above, white-tomentose beneath; flowers numerous in scorpioid, often subcapitate, cymes, these forming terminal panicles; corolla broadly funnelform, deeply lobed, lilac or whitish; styles 2, or 1- and 2-parted; capsules 4-valved. Sometimes known as mountain-balm. An infusion of the aromatic leaves is used locally in treating respiratory ailments, and is con- sidered by “‘old timers” to be very efficacious for sore throat and coughs (Collom ms.). 1. Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2,1:181. 1848. Southern Coconino and Mohave Counties to Greenlee, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, dry slopes, common in chaparral, May to August. Southern Utah, southern Nevada, and Arizona. A large-leaved form collected in the Pinal Mountains, Gila County (Jones in 1890) is the type of var. amplifolium Brand. 740 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 106. BORAGINACEAE Borace FAMILY Contributed by I. M. Jounston Plants herbaceous or shrubby, usually bristly; leaves simple, pre- vailingly alternate; flowers perfect, regular, solitary or cymose; cymes glomerate-racemose or spicate, frequently unilateral and coiled (scorpioid), usually with bracts between, to one side of, or opposite the flowers; calyx usually deeply lobed, somewhat irregular; corolla 5-lobed, commonly with folds or saccate-intruded appendages in the throat; stamens 5, borne on the corolla tube alternate with the lobes; ovary superior, bicarpellate, usually 4-ovulate, entire or lobed, be- coming tough or bony at maturity; fruit commonly breaking up into 4 single-seeded lobes (nutlets) ; style lobed or entire, seated in the peri- carp at the apex of the fruit or borne between the fruit lobes (nutlets) on the receptacle, or on an upward prolongation thereof (gynobase) ; endosperm absent or scarce. The classification of this family is based primarily upon the structure of the fruit. In many cases it is very difficult to recognize the genus and almost impossible to obtain a precise identification of the species, if the specimens lack mature fruiting structures. The Boraginaceae are of small importance economically, but the family comprises numerous species that are cultivated as ornamentals, notably in the genera Heliotropium (heliotrope), Anchusa, Echium, and Myosotis (forget-me-not). Key to the genera 1. Style 2-cleft; stigmas 2, distinct; flowers solitary or clustered in the stem POPS es act St ee eee eee 1. CoLDENIA. 1. Style simple; stigmas united (2). 2. Style springing from the pericarp at apex of the fruit, falling away with the nutlets; stigma annulate, usually surmounted by a sterile conic or cylindric appendage; corolla plaited in the bud____________=- 2. HELIOTROPIUM. 2. Style borne between the lobes of the fruit (i. e., the nutlets), and attached to the receptacle or gynobase; stigma capitate, unappendaged; corolla not plaited (3). '3. Mature calyx very irregular, burlike, 3 of the lobes nearly distinct, the others more united and enclosing the fruit, becoming cornute with 7 to 9 coarse barbed appendages; ovules 2______ 3. HARPAGONELLA. 3. Mature calyx usually regular or practically so, not armed with hornlike barbed appendages; ovules usually 4 (4). 4. Nutlets stellately spreading, attached at the apical (radicle) end, armed with hooked appendages; small slender annuals_ 4. PECTOCARYA. 4. Nutlets erect, incurved, or weakly divergent, attached at or below the middle, i. e., toward the cotyledon end (5). 5. Margin of the nutlets with barbed appendages (6). 6. Plant annual; pedicels erect; style surpassing the nutlets. 5. LAPPuLa. 6. Plant perennial or biennial; pedicels reflexed; style surpassed by the: nutletss vs oes ees See eee 6. HACKELIA. 5. Margin of the nutlets lacking barbed appendages (7). 7. Corolla blue, clearly differentiated into a tube, throat, and lobes. 7. MERTENSIA. 7. Corolla white or yellow, the throat not conspicuously differentiated from the tube and lobes (8). 8. Nutlets attached above the base along a usually open and gen- erally basally forked ventral groove or slit, or by a triangular Opening; ane the spericarps === aa 8. CRYPTANTHA. Se FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA {4k 8. Nutlets lacking a distinct ventral groove or opening in the peri- carp, this usually replaced by an elevated ventral keel (9). 9. Plant annual; nutlets attached by a caruncular scar borne upon or at the basal end of the ventral keel, the attach- ment usually lateral or suprabasal; nutlets usually rough (10). 10. Corolla white; cotyledons entire__--_- 9. PLAGIOBOTHRYS. 10. Corolla orange or yellow; cotyledons 2-cleft. 10. AMSINCKIA. 9. Plant perennial; nutlets attached by a broad rounded quite basal nonearuncular attachment; nutlets ovoid, smooth and shiny; corolla orange or yellow (11). 11. Corolla small, 1 to 4 em. long; stamens short, included. 11. LirHosPERMUM. 11. Corolla large, 5 to 6 cm. long; stamens reaching to the CORON ASHMESES 8 220k ut he Bk 12. MacroMERIA. 1. COLDENIA 20 Low spreading fruticulose plants; leaves small and usually with ovate or elliptic, revolute-margined, pinnately veined blades, the veining usually impressed on the upper surface; corolla funnelform or tubular-funnelform, white, pink, or lavender, commonly opening late in the afternoon. Key to the species 1. Fruit depressed-globose and unlobed until completely mature, bearing the style on its rounded summit, finally breaking up into quarters to form the nutlets; leaves ovate to elliptic, white-tomentose, cbscurely veined; flowers borne singly in the leaf axils or at the forks of the stem. 1. CC. CANESCENS. 1. Fruit parted into distinct nutlets even in the bud, bearing the style between the apices of the nutlets (2). 2. Leaf blades not evidently nerved, lanceolate to linear, usually very con- spicuously and pungently setose; base of the petiole expanded, indurate, usually distinetly villous; flowers solitary in the leaf axils; nutlets finely warted, ovate, the inner face somewhat angled. 2. C. HISPIDISSIMA. 2. Leaf blades with evident impressed nerves, ovate or obovate to nearly orbic- ular, lacking conspicuous setae, strigose or merely short-hispid; base of the petiole not expanded, or indurate, or villous; flowers in dense clusters at the forks of the stem; nutlets smooth or merely granulate (3). 3. Plant annual; corolla pink or white; sepals with short pungent hairs; style surpassed by the calyx; cotyledons horseshoe-shaped. 3S) 2G. NUPPALLIT: 3. Plant perennial; corolla blue or bluish; sepals merely villous; style sur- passing the calyx; cotyledons ovate or suborbicular, entire or merely nicked at one end (4). 4. Leaves with about 6 pairs of deeply impressed veins; calyx long-villous within; nutlets elongate, with a somewhat angulate inner face. . CO. PLICATA. 4. Leaves with only 2 or 3 pairs of shallow veins; calyx glabrous or short- ~ pubescent within; nutlets nearly globose______-~-~- 5. C. PALMERI. 1. Coldenia canescens DC., Prodr. 9: 559. 1845. Stegnocarpus canescens Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 25 169. .1855: Coldenia canescens var. subnuda Johnston, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc:cers 4 tos 113972? 1924. Grand Canyon, and from southern Yavapai County southward, 3,500 feet or lower, frequent on dry sunny mesas and _ slopes, 20 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. [KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF COLDENIA.] Calif. Acad. Sci, Proc. ser. 4, 12; 1189-1141. 1924, 742 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE especially in rocky calcareous soil. Texas to southeastern California and Mexico. The distribution in Arizona as stated above is that of the typical form, with corollas 5 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide. In the Castle Dome, Kofa, and Plomosa Mountains (Yuma County) there occurs var. pulchella Johnston, with corollas much larger (9 to 12 mm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide) and apparently more deeply colored, type from the Kofa Mountains (Shreve 6257). This variety is poorly understood, and field observations are needed before its exact relationship to typical C. canescens can be established. This species is useful for controlling soil erosion. 2. Coldenia hispidissima (Torr.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. IProcs5: 340" salso2- Eddya hispidissima Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 170. Sad: Basin of the Colorado River and its tributaries, south to near Hol- brook, and west to Beaver Dam, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, dunes and dry open slopes. Southern Utah, Nevada, and northern Arizona. The Arizona form is var. latior Johnston, with broader, more lance- olate leaves than in the typical form of the species. 3. Coldenia nuttallii Hook., Jour. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 296. 1851. Northern Arizona (Virgin River, Painted Desert) in dry sandy places. Wyoming to Washington, Arizona, and California; Ar- gventina. 4. Coldenia plicata (Torr.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: G3. 189s: Tiquilia brevifolia plicata Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 136. 1859 | Coldenia palmeri of S. Wats. and recent authors. Not of A. Gray, 1870. Extreme western Arizona and eastward along the Gila and Salt Rivers to Sacaton and Tempe, mostly below 1,500 feet, sandy flats and dry river bottoms. Deserts of the Larrea belt, southern Nevada and southeastern California to northwestern Mexico. 5. Coldenia palmeri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 292. 1870. Coldenia brevicalyx S. Wats., ibid. 24: 62. 1889. At Topock and Fort Mohave (Mohave County), Yuma and Wellton (Yuma County), 500 feet or lower, dry sandy places in the Larrea belt. Extreme western Arizona, southeastern California, and adjacent Mexico. 2. HELIOTROPIUM. MHEtioTRopsE Herbs; flowers in scorpioid cymes or borne along the stem usually between or opposite the leaves; corolla white; fruit unlobed, at matu- rity breaking up into 4 nutlets or falling away entire. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 743 Key to the species 1. Plant entirely glabrous, very succulent.__--__---- 3. H. CURASSAVICUM. 1. Plant evidently hairy, not succulent (2). 2. Corolla 8 to 15 mm. wide, with a long-exserted tube; style elongate, many times Jonger than ‘the stigma = --- = __- = —- 1. 'H. convotvuLAcEum. 2. Corolla 2 to 4 mm. wide, usually with an included tube; style short, about as long as the stigma BeBe nn 2A Mae ea 5, | 2. H. PHYLLOSTACHYUM. 1. Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 6: 403. 1859. Euploca convolvulacea Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 5: 189. 1837. Northeastern Arizona, southward along the Little Colorado River to near Holbrook, 4,500 to 6,000 (?) feet, dry sandy places. Nebraska to Texas, southern Utah, Arizona, and Mexico. The corollas are very attractive, being large, pure white, and sweet- scented, opening in the late afternoon. ‘The distribution in Arizona, as given above, is that of the typical form, with stems and leaves closely strigose. The var. californicum (Greene) Johnston (H. californicum Greene), a well-marked western variant with spreading pungent bristles on the stems and leaves, occurs in similar situations but at lower altitudes and under drier conditions at Beaver Dam (Mohave County) and near Yuma, also in adjacent California and Sonora. 2. Heliotropium phyllostachyum Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. I37e 1859. Mountains of southeastern Arizona (Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Cochise Counties), 4,000 to 5,000 feet, sands and gravel, frequently near streams, type from near Santa Cruz, Sonora. Southern Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California. As originally described the species was a complex. The original suite of specimens represents 3 different species. 3. Heliotropium curassavicum L., Sp. Pl. 130. 1753. Valleys of the Little Colorado, Colorado, and Virgin Rivers (Coco- nino, Mohave, and Yuma Counties), eastward in the valley of the Gila River to Pinal County, moist saline soil. The species is widely dis- tributed in the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere. The distribution in Arizona, as given above, is that of var. oculatum (Heller) Johnston (H. oculatum Heller), with the corolla 3 to 5 (rarely 7) mm. wide, usually becoming distinctly purple or purplish at the throat, and the fruit 1.5 to 2 mm. wide. This variety ranges from southwestern Utah to Baja California. The var. obovatum DC. (H. spathulatum Rydb.), with the corolla 5 to 10 mm. wide, at most only purplish-tinged at the throat, and the fruit 2.5 mm. wide, has been collected in and near the valley of the Little Colorado River, at Holbrook and Tuba, and ranges from Iowa, southwestward to Chihua- hua and Arizona, northwestward to Saskatchewan and Washington. It intergrades northward with var. oculatum, but apparently remains distinct in Arizona. Typical H. curassavicum (H. xerophilum Cock- erell), widely distributed in the American tropics and extending north- ward to New Mexico, is a more slender, less glaucous plant than var. 744 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE oculatum, with narrower leaves and smaller flowers. It is to be sought in southeastern Arizona. These plants are sometimes known as ‘‘Chinese-pusley” and “‘quailplant.”’ It is stated that the dried root, finely powdered, was applied to sores and wounds by the Pima Indians. 3. HARPAGONELLA Slender spreading annual; stems fragile, at maturity disarticulating at the nodes; corolla white, inconspicuous; pedicels deflexed at matu- rity ; sepals united, the tips “becoming appressed to the stem below the base of the pedicel. 1. Harpagonella palmeri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. ILS ise ISTO Western Gila County to central Maricopa County, and southward through eastern Pima County to northern Sonora, 3,500 feet or lower, eravelly slopes and benches in the Larrea belt, frequently under mesquite. Only the var. arizonica Johnston, type from Camp Lowell, Pima County (Parish 162), occurs in Arizona. The typical form of the species, a mere slender plant, smaller throughout, is confined to coastal southern California and Baja California. 4, PECTOCARYA 24 Slender annual herbs with inconspicuous white flowers; pedicels recurving at maturity; nutlets in divergent pairs. The species frequently grow together and may be very similar in general appearance. Collections made without care may contain mixtures of 2 or even 3 species. The surprising rarity of hybrids among these associated, closely related species suggests that self- pollination or apogamy may occur. Specialized cleistogamic flowers, producing distinctive fruit, are frequently developed about the base of the plant, abundantly so in P. heterocarpa. Detailed observation on the behavior of the species is much needed. These little plants are very abundant in spring in southwestern Arizona, growing mostly in dry sandy or gravelly soil in the Larrea belt. It is stated that they are eaten by sheep before the fruits mature. Key to the species 1. Plant erect; body of the nutlet distinctly obovate, entire-margined or merely erose OF denticulatesa sp! Safe ee ee ee eer eee 1. P.. sEqtOsA: 1. Plant prostrate or spreading; body of the nutlet linear or oblong (2). 2. Nutlets conspicuously heteromorphous, 2 of them more or less ascending and having distinct upturned sparsely toothed or entire margins, the other 2 somewhat recurved and inconspicuously margined; calyx strongly asymmetric; fruit about the base of the plant apparently from cleisto- gamic flowers, its nutlets reflexed and not margined. 2. P. HETEROCARPA. 2. Nutlets homomorphie or practically so, all of the nutlets with pectinately lacerate or dentate margins, all spreading or all recurved; calyx nearly regular; fruit about the base of the plant apparently from normal flowers, not much modified (38). 3. Nutlets with a very conspicuous, broad, toothed, cartilaginous margin, the triangular or cuneate teeth evidently united at base, the body of the nutlet straight or only moderately recurved.__-_-_ 3. P) PLATYCARPA. 3. Nutlets with a very inconspicuous margin, dissected into distinct pectin- ately arranged, subulate teeth, the body of the nutlet becoming very strongly and conspicuously recurved_______-_---- 4, P,. RECURVATA. 21 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. STUDIES IN THE BORAGINACEAE. II. PECTOCARYA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 34-39. 1924. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 745 1. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 81. 1876. Pectocarya setosa var. holoptera Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 39. 1924. Mohave, Yavapai, Gila, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, apparently not common. Idaho and Washington to cen- tral Arizona and California. 2. Pectocarya heterocarpa Johnston, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 399. 1939. Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. and Arn.) A. DC. var. heterocarpa Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 37. 1924. Mohave County, and southward and southeastward across Arizona, 3,000 feet or lower. Southwestern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Sonora. 3. Pectocarya platycarpa Munz and Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 81:81. 1926. Pectocarya gracilis Johnston var. platycarpa Munz and John- ston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 36. 1924. Mohave and northern Yuma Counties, southeastward to Cochise and Pima Counties, up to 5,000 feet but mostly lower, type from Camp Lowell, Pima County (Pringle in 1884). Southern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Sonora. 4. Pectocarya recurvata Johnston, Arnold Arboretum Contrib. 3: 97. 1932. : Mohave County southeast to Cochise and Pima Counties, up to 5,000 feet but mostly lower, type from near Chandler, Maricopa County (Harrison and Kearney 6507). Southwestern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Sonora. This and the preceding species have not been seen from Yuma County although several collections of P. heterocarpa are at hand from that area. Elsewhere in Arizona these 3 species are frequently found growing together. 5. LAPPULA. StTIcKsEED 72 Small annuals with blue or white flowers in bracted racemes; nutlets 4, erect, attached to a slender elongate gynobase along the length of the well-developed ventral keel; plants of dry open situations. Key to the species 1. Margin of 2 or more of the nutlets obese, completely inflated, bearing a row of very short, terete, barbed appendages seated upon its usually rounded edge. 1. L. Texana. 1. Margin of the nutlets consisting of a row of distinct barbed appendages, or the margin more or less cup-shaped through the obvious partial union of the appendages, the free upper portion of the appendages sometimes inflated, but always appearing as lobes of the margin and not as though merely seated upon it (2). 2. Nutlets with 2 rows of distinct marginal appendages, the principal row on the rim of the nutlet and the secondary row just outside the rim; corollas usually larger than in the next species____________ 2. L. ECHINATA. 2. Nutlets with a single row of distinct or partly united appendages on the rim, with no secondary appendages outside-_---_-- 3. L. REDOWSKII. 22 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. STUDIES IN THE BORAGINACEAE, II. LAPPULA. Gray Herbarium Con- trib. 70: 47-51. 1924. 746 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Lappula texana (Scheele) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 273. 1894. Echinospermum texanum Scheele, Linnaea 25: 260. 1853. Echinospermum redowski (Hornem.) Lehm. var. cupulatum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. I: 5305). 1876: Lappula heterosperma Greene, Pittonia 4: 95. 1899. Apache County to eastern Mohave County, 5,000 to 6,500 feet, type of L. heterosperma from Peach Springs (Greene in 1889). Kansas to Idaho, south to Texas, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. The range in Arizona, as given above, is that of typical L. terana, with heteromorphic nutlets. The var. coronata (Greene) Nels. and Macbr. (ZL. coronata Greene), with nutlets all alike in form, is found, mostly at lower elevations, in Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, type from mesas near Tucson (Pringle in 1884). A very similar form is found in the northern Rocky Mountain States. 2. Lappula echinata Gilib., Fl. Lithuan. 1: 25. 1781. Schultz Pass, Coconino County (Whiting 1173B). Widely dis- tributed in the northern United States and Canada; introduced from Eurasia. 3. Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Myosotis redowski1 Hornem., Hort. Hafn. 1: 174. 1813. Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 4:97. 1899. Lappula leucotricha Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 36: 676. 1909. Widely distributed in Arizona in the creosotebush, juniper, and pine belts, 1,200 to 8,500 feet, usually in sunny places in disturbed soil, type of L. leucotricha from near Tucson (Toumey in 1894). Western United States; Argentina; Asia. The species has many forms, but these do not seem to be correlated with geography and more than 1 of them may occur in a given locality. The typical form has the marginal appendages distinct or nearly so on all 4 nutlets. This is less common in Arizona than var. desertorum (Greene) Johnston (L. desertorum Greene, L. leucotricha Rydb.), in which the appendages are more or less evidently confluent on 1 or more of the nutlets in each fruit. 6. HACKELIA # Coarse perennial or biennial herbs; corolla white or blue, in naked racemes; nutlets attached by a submedial areola to a pyramidal gynobase; plants of meadows, thickets, and pine forests. Key to the species 1. Corolla white or at most bluish only about the center, 5 to 10 mm. wide; marginal appendages of the nutlets commonly much united_ 1. H. URSINA. 1. Corolla normally blue, 3 to 7 mm. wide; marginal appendages of the nutlets free or united only at base (2). 2. Middle stem leaves tending to be petiolate; branches usually few, elongating, spreading, only very rarely aggregated into a conspicuously cylindric inflorescence; plant; Slender =e see eee 2. H. PINETORUM. 2. Middle stem leaves tending to be sessile; branchlets bearing mature cymes numerous, short, together forming a leafy-bracted elongate terminal panicle: planticoarse, rather stiicuee === em eee 3. H. FLORIBUNDA. 23 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. RESTORATION OF THE GENUS HACKELIA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 43-48, 1923, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 747 1. Hackelia ursina (Greene) Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 46. 1923. ; Echinospermum ursinum Greene in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 224. 1882. Lappula ursina Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Lappula leucantha Greene, Leaflets 1: 152. 1905. Hackelia leucantha Brand, Pflanzenr. IV. 2527: 131. 1931. Southern Gila County and Greenlee County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, moist shaded places in the oak and pine belts, not common. New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. 2. Hackeiia pinetorum (Greene) Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 45. 1923. Echinospermum pinetorum Greene in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 224. 1882. Lappula pinetorum Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Hackelia floribunda var. pinetorum Brand, Pflanzenr. IV. 2Ao= 127... 1938. Bill Williams Mountain (Coconino County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 8,000 feet, moist shaded places in the pinyon and pine belts, not com- mon. New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. 3. Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) Johnston, Gray Herbarium Con- trib. 68: 46. 1923. Echinospermum floribundum Lehm., Noy. Stirp. Pugill. 2: 24. 1830. Lappula floribunda Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. San Francisco Peaks, Grand Canyon, etc. (Coconino County), 7,000 feet or higher, stream sides and meadows in the pine and spruce belts. Canada to northern New Mexico and Arizona, and southern Nevada. 7. MERTENSIA.“ BLvUEBELLS Broad-leaved perennial herbs, glabrous or with inconspicuous ap- pressed hairs, never bristly; corolla blue (or pink when immature), heterostyled, the throat cup-shaped or broadly cylindric, usually twice as long as the erect or ascending lobes; nutlets minutely papil- late and obscurely rugose, ovoid; plants of meadows and woodlands. Key to the species 1. Pedicels distinctly strigose; calyx at anthesis cut to the base or nearly so, the margin usually evidently ciliolate; leaves usually glabrous beneath and Pre PPE ee eee ee a Se ee 1. M. FRANCISCANA. 1. Pedicels glabrous or at most merely pustulate; calyx at anthesis cut only to beyond the middle or less, the margin not evidently ciliolate; leaves glabrous (2). 2. Plant 10 to 20 em. high; nutlets with a distinct, coarse, lobulate, reflexed margin; corolla tube glabrous within__________ 2. M. MACDOUGALII. 2. Plant 30 to 120 em. high; nutlets not margined; corolla tube usually hairy ee ee eee ee eee ee ere ee SS 3. M. ARIZONICA. 2 Reference: WILLIAMS, L.O. A MONOGRAPH OF TUE GENUS MERTENSIA IN NORTH AMERICA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 17-159. 1937. 74S MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Mertensia franciscana Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 549. 1899. Mertensia pratensis Heller, ibid. p. 550. Mertensia amplifolia Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 165. 1913. Mertensia grandis Woot. and Standl., ibid. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties to the mountains of Cochise County, mostly above 7,000 feet, moist shaded places in the pine and aspen belts, type from near Flagstaff (MacDougal 232). Western Colorado and southeastern Utah to New Mexico and Arizona. 2. Mertensia macdougalii Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 550. 1899. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Pine (Gila County), Fort Whipple (Yavapai County), 6,000 to 9,000 feet, mostly in the pine belt, rare, type from near Mormon Lake (MacDougal 95). Known only from Arizona. The margined nutlets of this species are unique in the genus. *3. Mertensia arizonica Greene, Pittonia 3: 197. 1897. This species is based upon specimens labeled as collected in Arizona (7. Palmer in 1869) but is known definitely only from central and southwestern Utah. The type is probably mislabeled (see foot- note 24, p. 747, Williams, p. 62), but the species eventually may be found in meadows at the lower edge of the pine belt in extreme northwestern Arizona. Mertensia palmeri Nels. and Macebr. is also based upon a Palmer collection labeled as from Arizona. According to Williams (see footnote 24, p. 747, Williams, p. 43), the type represents M. paniculata (Ait.) G. Don, of the northern United Sue and Canada, and could not have been collected in Arizona or adjacent ates. 8. CRYPTANTHA * Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, usualiy bristly; corolla white or yellow; cymes prevailingly scorpioid but sometimes glomerate or loosely racemose, with or without bracts; nutlets smooth, tuberculate, or wrinkled, with rounded, angled, or winged edges, attached through a break in the pericarp along a ventral groove or a more or less tri- angular lateral areola to a somewhat hemispheric or elongate gyno- base; plants of dry, open habitats. Several of the Arizona species are reported to have value as forage for sheep in Arizona. The popular name nievitas is applied to white-flowered species in California. C. crassisepala is stated to be used by the Hopi Indians in treating boils. Most of the species erow in dry, sandy or gravelly soil. Key to the species 1. Plants coarse, biennial or perennial: Section Oreocarya (2). 2. Corolla tube elongate, distinctly surpassing the calyx; flowers usually heterostyled (38). 3. Nutlets roughened, tuberculate or muricate, dull; corolla white; inflorescence a somewhat interrupted cylindric thryse____ 1. C. FULVOCANESCENS. 25 References: PAYSON, E. B. A MONOGRAPH OF THE SECTION OREOCARYA OF CRYPTANTHA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 211-358. 1927. JOHNSTON,I.M. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CRYP- TANTHA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 74: 1-114. 1925. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 749 3. Nutlets smooth and shiny (4). 4. Corolla white; flowers in a terminal capitate cluster, rarely with 1 or 2 small few-flowered lateral clusters in the upper leaf axils: leaves sparsely sirigose, sree 9 2 _ 8 2. C. CAPITATA. 4. Corolla yellow; leaves usually more abundantly strigose and paler (5) 5. Inflorescence an elongate cylindric thyrse; nutlets lance-ovate, more than 114 times as long as wide, usually only 1 developing, the margin acute; calyx becoming 8 to 10 mm. long in fruit, with abundant spreading bristles; pediceis slender, 2 to 4 mm. long; plane 1 tesO ern: teh ee 3. C. FLAVA 5. Inflorescence consisting of a large terminal cluster, capitate in flow er, with 1 or more remote, at maturity frequently stalked, much smaller, lateral clusters; nutlets broadly ovate, less than 1% times as long as wide, all 4 of them usually maturing, the margin narrowly winged; calyx becoming 8 to 14 mm. long in fruit, its hairs not very conspicuous and commonly more or less appressed; pedicels stout, usually 1 to 2 mm. long; plant 20 to 50 em. high. 4. CC. CONFERTIFLORA. 2. Corolla ous a scarcely if at all surpassing the calyx; flowers not hetero- styled (6). 6. Nutlets smooth and shiny, not compressed_____________ 5. C. JAMESII. 6. Nutlets rugose or tuberculate, strongly compressed (7). | 7. Margin of the nutlets with a conspicuous papery wing; a coarse bristly | biennial 40 to 100 cm. high _________________ 6. C. SETOSISSIMA. | 7. Margin of the nutlets not winged, thickened or merely acute; plants | less than 40 em. high (8). 8. Plant biennial; stems from a coarse rosette crowning a short-lived taproot; scorpioid cymes elongating and becoming 3 to 8 cm. | long, loosely 6- to 10-flowered____________-_ 7. C. VIRGINENSIS. | 8. Plant perennial, with a persistent caudex; cymose branches short, 1 to 2.5 em. long, more or less corymbose, 2- to 6-flowered (9). 9. Pedicels stout, at first 1 to 2 mm. long, becoming 2 to 4 mm. long in fruit; calyx lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5 mm. long or less, with inconspicuous pale bristles; nutlets about one and one-half times as long as wide, ovate, asymmetric, the ventral face prominently rugose; stems usually less than 10 em. LST Tee SS 1 ea oe ee ee ie cr 8. C. MODESTA. 9. Pdiant slender, 3 to 5 mm. long, becoming 5 to 10 mm. long in fruit; calyx lobes lance-linear, 5 to 8 mm. long in fruit, with abundant, conspicuous, usually tawny bristles; nutlets about twice as long as wide, weakly asymmetric, the ventral face weakly rugose; stems usually 15 em. or more high. 9. C. HUMILIs. 1. Plants slender, annual: Section Krynitzkia (10). 10. Calyx circumscissile at maturity; low herb with a compact inflorescence; flowers each with a foliaceous bract___________ 10. C. cIRCUMSCISSA. 10. Calyx not cirecumscissile (11). 11. Gynobase protruding beyond the nutlets, bearing a sessile stigma on its apex; root and base of the plant conspicuously charged with a purple dye; a small slender dichotomous herb; flowers each with a foliaceous Specie METS Wao Sete biting: Sok ee ec 11. C. MICRANTHA. 11. Gynobase shorter than the nutlets; style developed; root or herbage only very obscurely if at all charged With a purple dye: plant not conspicu- ously dichotomous; flowers commonly all or in part bractless (12). 12. Nutlets all smooth and shiny (13). 13. Spikes bracteate; stems reddish; nutlet 1, axial; ovules 2. 15. C. MARITIMA. 13. Spikes bractless; stems green; nutlets 1 to 4; ovules 4 (14). 14. Calyx broadly conie at base, densely appressed hispid-villous, lacking conspicuous bristles; nutlets 1 to 3; stvle surpassed by TS ETERECUST § |S 9 yale ie) ee eg ae ee 12. C. GRACILIs. 14. Calyx rounded at base, hispid or hirsute, inconspicuously strigose along the margin; nutlets 4; style about reaching the tips of the A 5) 0 Ra bk i Ay Se (ot yds 2 2S 13. C. FENDLERI. 750 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 12. Nutlets all (or some of them) roughened (15). 15. Calyx conspicuously recurving, most hirsute on the axial side; nutlet solitary, bent= ovuless2 ss aunel) ee meena Asn RECURVATA. 15. Calyx strict to spreading, not recurving, most hirsute on the abaxial side; nutlets straight (16). 16. Nutlets distinctly heteromorphous, differing in size, frequently also in the markings and in the firmness of the attachment Civ): 17. Nutlets 2, one smooth and shiny, the other roughened; ovules 2; stems reddish=..i i sueb feel a mai 15. C. MaRITIMa. 17. Nutlets 4, all more or less roughened; ovules 4; stems not red- dish (18). 18. Odd nutlet abaxial; nutlets dark, with pale tubercula- tions (19). 19. Plant shrubby, much branched, twiggy; inflorescence not scorpioid, loosely racemose; flowers distant and not 2- ue pedicels frequently spreading, 1 to 6 mm. ome 2: rabh) Rela SLES ce “ee aaa 16. C. RACEMOSA. 19. kee Die suaccouet ; inflorescence scorpioid, unilateral, the crowded flowers 2-ranked; pedicels strict or ascending, less than 1 mm. long (20). 20. Nutlets with merely angled margins; style reaching to or only slightly beyond the tip of the odd nutlet; inflor- escence naked, except near the base; plant usually prostrate or decumbent_____- 17. C. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 20. Nutlets with narrowly winged margins; style coarse, much surpassing the odd nutlet; inflorescence bearing scattered minute bracts throughout; plant usually erecting fae eee 18. C. INAEQUATA. 18. Odd nutlet axial; nutlets and tuberculations usually pale (21). 21. Consimilar nutlets winged; calyx lobes not noticeably thickenedi2os acer! 2 ee es 25. OC. PTEROCARYA. 21. Consimilar nutlets not margined (22). 22. Stems with spreading hairs; calyx with a short but dis- tinct pedicel, evidently spreading or even recurving, the base not gibbous on one side, the mature lobes (particularly the axial one) usually much thickened and very conspicuous________ 19. C. CRASSISEPALA. 22. Stems distinctly strigose; calyx sessile, strictly and closely appressed to the rachis, gibbous on the axial side due to a basal prolongation of the odd nutlet, the mature lobes (particularly the axial ones) weakly and incon- spicuously thickened____-_------ 20. C.DUMETORUM. 16. Nutlets homomorphous or practically so (23). 23. Style distinctly surpassing the nutlets (24). 24. Nutlets strongly bent above the base, glossy; gynobase nar- rowly pyramidaless 2s sae eres 21. C. PUSILLA. 24. Nutlets not bent, dull except in some forms of C. muricata (25). 25. Groove of the "nutlet replaced by a large more or less exca- vated triangular areola occupying much of the ventral surface of the nutlet; gynobase narrowly pyramidal; nutlets thick, angulate, not margined__ 22. C. ALBIDA. 25. Groove of the nutlet narrow; gynobase subulate (26). 26. Nutlets obscurely rugose, the back high-convex, the face flat, the margin knifelike and inflexed. 23. C. CosTATA. 26. Nutlets tuberculate or verrucose, not decidedly plano- convex, the margin spreading, or none (27). 27. Margin of the nutlets merely angled, frequently thick- ened; nutlets usually glossy and with the back ob- tusely angled, the body ovate or triangular-ovate. 27. C. MURICATA. 27. Margin of the nutlets more or less winged; nutlets with a rounded back, the body lanceolate to narrowly ovate (28). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA T5l 28. Mature calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, the Jobes linear-lanceolate, the margins lacking fulvous hairs; nutlets with an entire margin; style much surpassing the nutlets; leaves acute, very roughly hairy; plant with a distinct erect central axis, usually 30 to 60 cm. high. 24. CC. HOLOPTERA. 28. Mature calyx 3 to 5 mm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, the lobes linear-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, the margin usually with short fulvous hairs; nutlets usually with sinuate to lobulate winged margins; style shortly surpassing the nutlets; leaves usually rounded or obtuse at apex, less rough; plant mostly lacking a definite central axis, usually 10 toy suomi. high Le. ait 29. CC, PTEROCARYA. 23. Style surpassed by the nutlets or at most barely surpassing them (29). 29. Margin of the nutlets sharp, knifelike or winged (30). 30. Nutlets 4, wing-margined; calyx broad and symmetric. 25.. CC. PTEROCARYA. 30. Nutlets 1 or rarely 2, usually with a knifelike margin; calyx obliquely conic at base____ 26. C. UTAHENSIS. 29. Margin of the nutlets angled or rounded, not sharp (31). 31. Nutlets ovate or triangular-ovate, with an acute usually somewhat thickened margin, the back usually obtusely angled, frequently glossy_______~ 27. CC. MURICATA. 31. Nutlets lanceolate, with rounded or obtuse unthickened margins, the back not angulate, dull (32). 32. Nutlets 1 or rarely 2; style reaching two-thirds or less the height of the nutlets_________ 28. C. DECIPIENS. 32. Nutlets 4; style reaching beyond two-thirds the height of the nutiets (33). 33. Plant bristly with mostly spreading hairs. 29. C. BARBIGERA. 33. Plant distinctly strigose, but usually with some interspersed spreading hairs__ 30. CC. NEVADENSIS, 1. Cryptantha fulvocanescens (A. Gray) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Anne JA: ShOs . 1927. Eritrichium fulvocanescens A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and SersProcs 10: 61251875 Oreocarya fulvocanescens Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887. Apache County to northern Mohave County, 4,500 to 6,000 feet, slopes and mesas. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. The nutlets may be tuberculate with the warts rounded or, as is most common in Arizona, they may be muricate with the roughenings more or less broadly conic and terminated usually by a single short stout bristle-tip. 2. Cryptantha capitata (EKastw.) Johnston, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 21: 66. 1940. Oreocarya capitata Eastw., Leaflets West. Bot. 2: 9. 1937. Known only from the Grand Canyon, type from Hermit Trail (Zast- wood 5969), also Kaibab Trail to Roaring Springs (Eastwood and Howell 1005). The species is evidently related to C. confertiflora, but the plant is smaller, 10 to 30 cm. high, more sparsely strigose and hence greener. It has the large calyx of its relative but somewhat broader more herba- 286744°—42—-48 752 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE ceous calyx lobes. The fruit is similar to that of its relative. The inflorescence is also similar but differs in having the small lateral flower clusters very reduced or entirely absent. 3. Cryptantha flava (A. Nels.) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 259. 1927. Oreocarya flava A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 202. 1898. Oreocarya lutescens Greene, Pittonia 4: 93. 1899. Valley of the Little Colorado and eastward, southward to beyond Holbrook (Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, slopes and mesas. Wyoming to northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. 4. Cryptantha confertiflora (Greene) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14? 256. 1927: Oreocarya confertiflora Greene, Pittonia 3: 112. 1896. Mohave County north of the Colorado River, in the juniper belt, commonly on limestone. Western Utah to northwestern Arizona and California. 5. Cryptantha jamesii (Torr.) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: DADO Die Eritrichium jamesw Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red River 294. 1853. Oreocarya suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 57. 1887. Oreocarya lemmon, Eastw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 30: 239. 1903. Widely distributed in Arizona but most common in the northeastern part, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, in the juniper, oak, and lower pine belts. Nebraska and Wyoming to Texas, Arizona, and California. This variable species occurs in a number of floristic areas, but its geographical variants are vague and a successful definition of them has not been achieved. The problem is complicated by the presence of numerous seasonal and ecological forms, which, even in the same region, differ greatly in appearance. Among the various forms found in Arizona 2 are worthy of special mention. There is the plant with erect stems, 30 to 50 cm. high, which at maturity produces 3 to 7, usually well developed, scorpioid cymes 4 to 10 em. long, grouped at apex of the leafy stem, which is commonly 2 to 4 times as long as the basal tuft of leaves. This is var. multicaulis (Torr.) Payson (Oreocaryu multicaulis Greene), of which the typical bristly form occurs in the White Mountains and southward to the Santa Catalina Mountains. A strigose variant occurs about Flagstaff. The most common phase of the species in northern Arizona is var. cinerea (Greene) Payson (Oreocarya cinerea Greene). This has spread- ing or decumbent stems usually 10 to 20 cm. long, rarely becoming twice the length of the basal tuft of leaves. The stem leaves are fewer and proportionately longer than in var. multicaulis, and at maturity most of them bear reduced cymes in their axils. The inflorescence of var. cinerea hence becomes proportionately more elongate, but the individual scorpioid cymes are shorter and _ less perfectly developed than in var. multicaulis. This low form has been - found in most parts of Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties. Evidently related to it is a similar but more robust plant with looser FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 493 somewhat tomentose indument, which has been collected near Prescott and Peach Springs (Yavapai and Mohave Counties). Material collected by Lemmon, almost certainly from’ Mohave County, was described as O. lemmoni Eastw. In southeastern Utah C. jamesii tends to become glabrous and to have nonpersistent basal leaves. From that area the completely glabrous form has been described as Oreocarya pustulosa Rydb., and a nearly glabrous form as O. disticha Eastw. These tendencies are exhibited by some collections from extreme northeastern Arizona. 6. Cryptantha setosissima (A. Gray) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 268. 1927. Eritrichium setosissimum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 20. 1876. Oreocarya setosissima Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887. White Mountains (Apache County) to Bill Wiliams Mountain (Coconino County) and northward to the Kaibab Plateau, reported also from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 8,500 feet, in the pine belt. South-central Utah and Arizona. 7. Cryptantha virginensis (M. E. Jones) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 274. 1927. Krynitzkia glomerata var. virginensis M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 13: 5. 1910. Oreocarya virginensis Macbride, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Beoe, at: 7547. - 1916. Hermit Trail, Grand Canyon, and to be expected in the valley of the Virgin River in northwestern Arizona, chiefly on rocky slopes in the pinyon-juniper belt. Southwestern Utah to northern Arizona and California. 8. Cryptantha medesta Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 297. 1927. Oreocarya depressa (M. E. Jones) Macbride, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 48: 32. 1916. Beaver Dam (Mohave County), 1,800 feet. Western Utah, adjacent Nevada, and extreme northwestern Arizona. *9. Cryptantha humilis (A. Gray) Payson, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 14: 218. 1927. Eritrichium glomeratum (Pursh) DC. var. humile A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 61. 1875. Oreocarya humilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 112. 1896. To be expected in northwestern Arizona, particularly in the valley of the Virgin River. Southwestern Utah to Oregon and California. 10. Cryptantha circumscissa (Hook. and Arn.) Johnston, Gray Her- barium Contrib. 68: 55. 1923. Lithospermum cirecumscissum Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 370. 1840. Greeneocharis circumscissa Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 57: 960. 1909. Mohave and Yavapai Counties, 1,500 to 5,000 feet, mostly in the Larrea belt. Wyoming and Colorado to Washington, Arizona, and California; Argentina. 754 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 11. Cryptantha micrantha (Torr.) Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 682 6h O23. Eritrichium micranthum Torr., U. 8S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 141 1859: Eremocarya micrantha Greene, Pittonia 1: 59. 1887. Western and southern Arizona, common, chiefly in the creosotebush belt, occasional northeastward at higher elevations, as at St. Johns (Apache County) and Prescott (Yavapai County). Western Texas to Oregon and California. 12. Cryptantha gracilis Osterh., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 30: 236. 1903. Kayenta (Navajo County), Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Ash Fork (Yavapai County), Littlefield (Mohave County), 1,600 to 7,000 feet, mesas and rocky slopes chiefly in the pinyon-juniper belt, frequently on limestone. Eastern Colorado to Idaho, northern Arizona, and eastern California. 13. Cryptantha fendleri (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887. Krynitzkia fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: 268. 1885. Apache County to Yavapai and eastern Mohave Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, in the sagebrush-saltbush, juniper, and lower pine belts. Saskatchewan and eastern Washington south along the Rocky Moun- tains to northern New Mexico and Arizona. 14. Cryptantha recurvata Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 165, 21393; Valley of the Virgin River (Mohave County), about 2,000 feet, sandy deserts in the creosotebush belt, rare. Southwestern Utah and extreme northwestern Arizona to southeastern Oregon and eastern California. 15. Cryptantha maritima Greene, Pittonia 1: 117. 1887. Krynitzkia maritima Greene, Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 1: 204. 1885. Western and southern Arizona, eastward to eastern Maricopa County and central Pima County, commonly not above 2,000 feet. Southern Nevada and Arizona to California and northwestern Mexico. The typical form of the species has evident coarse short bristles on the calyx. A rather common form in which the bristles are hidden by an abundance of spreading white silky hairs, var. pilosa Johnston, is sporadic within the range of the species. 16. Cryptantha racemosa (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887. Eritrichium racemosum 8. Wats. in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Procayk (2 220m eece Mohave and Yuma Counties, mostly below 3,000 feet, dry rocky slopes in the creosotebush belt. Southern Nevada and western Arizona to California and northern Baja California. Sheltered by large rocks, this species frequently forms a small much- branched twiggy bush 30 to 60 cm. high. The persistent stems may become more than 1 cm. thick and distinctly woody. The dead FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. OF ARIZONA ras leaves are rather persistent, becoming blanched so that, when numer- ous, the plants are conspicuous among dark rocks. 17. Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 112. 1887. Eritrichium angustifolium Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 363. 1856. Western and southern Arizona, generally below 4,000 feet, creosote- bush desert, types from near Yuma (Thomas, DuBarry). Western Texas to southern Nevada, southeastern California, and northwestern Mexico. *18. Cryptantha inaequata Johnston, Univ. Calif. Pubs. Bot. 7: 444. 1922. Known from the Nevada bank of the Colorado River at El Dorado Canyon and hence to be expected in adjacent Arizona. Deserts of southern Nevada and eastern California. 19. Cryptantha crassisepala (Torr. and Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: ite. S58 Z. Eritrichium crassisepalum Torr. and Gray, U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Paced 22-174. 1855: Most common in northeastern Arizona (Apache County to eastern Coconino County), known also from Yavapai, Greenlee, Graham, Cochise, and eastern Pima Counties (near Tucson), commonly 4,000 to 6,500 feet, slopes, mesas, and plains, frequently in dry grasslands. Southern Colorado and western Texas to southern Utah, Arizona, and northern Mexico. *20. Cryptantha dumetorum Greene, Pittonia 1: 112. 1887. Cryptantha intermedia var. dumetorum Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 849. 1925. Near Needles, Calif., possibly in Mohave County, Arizona, creosote- bush desert, not common, usually growing under bushes and scram- bling through them. Southern Nevada and southeastern California. 21. Cryptantha pusilla (Torr. and Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887. Eritrichium pusillum Torr. and Gray, U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 171. 1856. Cochise, Paradise, and Douglas (Cochise County), Nogales (Santa Cruz County), Baboquivari Valley (Pima County). Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Sonora. 22. Cryptantha albida (H. B. K.) Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 53. 1923. Myosotis albida H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 91. 1818. Cryptantha ramosa (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887. Douglas, Tombstone, Dragoon Valley, Mustang Mountains, and Sonoita (Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties), mostly 4,000 to 5,000 feet, plains and hillsides, in the creosotebush and oak belts, and in disturbed places in grasslands. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and central Mexico; Argentina. 756 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 23. Cryptantha costata T. 5S. Brandeg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 453. 1899. Cryptantha seorsa Macbride, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 48: 46. LOM: Western base of the Gila Mountains (Yuma County), creosote- bush desert, rare, type from Needles, Calif. (Jones 3841). Extreme western Arizona and southeastern California. 24. Cryptantha holoptera (A. Gray) Macbride, Gray Herbarium Con- meno, Zee a IG Eritrichium holopterum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Brocelh2 2 Silat aiSiior Peach Springs (Mohave County) to the Colorado River and southern Yuma County, creosotebush belt, rare, type from Ehren- berg, Yuma County (Palmer). Western Arizona and southeastern California. 25. Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887. Eritrichium pterocaryum Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. AZ loo: Widely distributed in central, western, and southern Arizona, mostly below 4,000 feet. Western Texas to Washington, northern Sonora, and southeastern California. | The typical form of the species, with fruit composed of 1 wingless and 3 winged nutlets, has been found in Navajo, Mohave, and north- western Maricopa Counties, ranging northward and northwestward from Arizona. The most common and widely distributed form in Arizona is var. cycloptera (Greene) Macbride, with fruit composed of 4 similar winged nutlets. It ranges in Arizona from Mohave and Yavapai Counties southeast to Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties and has a more southerly distribution outside the State. The var. stenoloba Johnston, known only from the Virgin River Valley in Arizona and adjacent Nevada, differs from all other forms of the species in its narrowly linear-lanceolate (rather than ovate or broadly lanceolate) calyx lobes, these 5 to 7mm. long. Its nutlets are hetero- morphous, as in the type of the species. 26. Cryptantha utahensis (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887. Krynitzkia utahensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 21: 427. 1886. Mohave County, 3,000 feet or lower, gravelly slopes and sandy washes in the creosotebush belt. Southwestern Utah and western Arizona to California. 27. Cryptantha muricata (Hook. and Arn.) Nels. and Macbr., Bot. Gaz Ol 425 . VOMG: Myosotis muricata Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 369. 1840. Known in Arizona from Yucca (Mohave County), Skull Valley (Yavapai County), Oracle (Pinal County), and near Tucson (Pima County), 2,000 to 5,000 feet, usually on gravelly slopes in openings among trees and brush, rare. Southern Utah to southern Arizona and California, | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Tol The species is represented in Arizona by var. denticulata (Greene) Johnston (Cryptantha denticulata Greene). 28. SEL ei decipiens (M. E. Jones) Heller, Muhlenbergia 8: 48. 1912 Aaa decipiens M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 13: 6. 1910. Mohave and Yavapai Counties, south to Yuma and eastern Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, among bushes in the creosotebush belt, type from near Yuma (Jones). Southern Nevada, Arizona, and Cali- fornia. 29. Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 114. 1887. Eritrichium barbigerum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 194. 1878. Krynitzkia mixta M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 13: 6. 1910. Mohave County, southward and eastward to Greenlee, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or lower, most frequent in the deserts, type of K. mizta from the Mescal Mountains (Jones). Western New Mexico and southern Utah to southeastern California and north- ern Sonora. The common (typical) form of the species has inconspicuous corollas 1.5t03.5mm.wide. Occurring within the range of the species in central Arizona are plants with more conspicuous corollas, 4 to 7 mm. wide. These represent var. fergusonae Macbride, known elsewhere only from the western borders of the Colorado and Mohave deserts in California. 30. Cryptantha nevadensis Nels. and Kenn., Biol. Soc. Washington Prog. 102 4157. -.1906: Mohave County to Graham and Pima Counties, mostly below 4,000 feet, creosotebush desert, frequently under bushes. Southern Utah and Arizona to California. Typical C. nevadensis has very slender, frequently sinuous stems, very slender calyx lobes, and narrowly lanceolate long- acuminate nutlets. The var. rigida Johnston is a stiffly erect, less slender plant with stiffer less elongate calyx lobes and less attenuate, lance-ovate nutlets. It occurs throughout most of the range of true C. nevadensis in Arizona. 9. PLAGIOBOTHRYS * Annual, strigose or bristly herbs with white corollas; nutlets rugose, erect or incurved, attached at or below the middle to a depressed gynobase through a caruncular scar, this decurrent on the lower part of the ventral keel, or situated at the lower end of the keel and sunken below its crest, or elevated to the level of the keel on a more or less well developed, supra-basal, stipelike, lateral projection from the body of the nutlet; basal leaves opposite or crowded into a rosette. Some of the California species are known as popcornflower. It is stated that the plants are grazed by sheep. 28 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. PLAGIOBOTHRYS, A SYNOPSIS AND REDEFINITION OF THE GENUS. (Ciray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 57-80. 923. 758 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Nutlets tessellate with broad flattened contiguous pavementlike tuberculations; plant erect, hispid, with terminal bractless scorpioid cymes_- 1. P.JoNEsII. 1. Nutlets not tessellate, the back wrinkled or with ridges, the tuberculations scattered, or none (2). 2. Leaves charged with a purple dye, particularly about the midrib and mar- -gins; calyx circumscissile, the lobes short and strongly connivent at MAGUPIbyis) MU GLeLS LEG Ut Vie Cl aes meee ee ogee eee 2. P. ARIZONICUS. 2. Leaves green, lacking a conspicuous purple dye; calyx not circumscissile (8). 3. Basal leaves crowded into a distinct rosette, none opposite; plant slender, erect, loosely branched, not producing flowers near the base; nutlets contracted at both ends, somewhat cruciform, incurved, the transverse ridges very broad and separated by grooves___-__-_ 3. .P. TENELLUS: 3. Basal leaves distinct or at least not in a well-developed rosette, the lower leaves opposite; plant decumbent or prostrate, frequently floriferous throughout, even in the axils of the lowermost leaves; nutlets not incurved, rounded at base, the ridges well spaced (4). 4, Plant sparsely strigose, very slender; nutlets flattened, lanceolate, attached by a broadly affixed sessile ovate scar borne below the level of the ventral keel, the back with low rounded irregular Pid ges. Aull S Re Se ee CAG Ne cae 4. P. COGNATUS. 4, Plant distinctly hispid, rather coarse; nutlets ovoid, not compressed, usually with sharp narrow ridges, attached by a scar elevated to the level of the ventral keel and more or less stiped (5). 5. Stipe of the nutlet elongate, about equaling the body of the nutlet in length; nutlets commonly united in pairs__5. P. PRINGLEI. 5. Stipe of the nutlet very short; nutlets separate. 6. P. CALIFORNICUS. 1. Plagiobothrys jonesii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 21: 430. 1886. Sonnea jones Greene, Pittonia 1: 23. 1887. Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, eastward in and near the valley of the Gila River to eastern Pinal County, mostly below 2,000 feet, dry sandy and gravelly soils on slopes and in valleys of the creosotebush belt. Southwestern Utah to south-central and west- ern Arizona, and adjacent California. 2. Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) Greene in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: 284. 1885. Eritrichium canescens (Benth.) A. Gray var. arizonicus A. Gray, abidi7:) 227% e1ss2: Mohave and Yavapai Counties south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,600 feet or lower, frequently among bushes or rocks, creosotebush , and oak belts, types from Tucson (Greene, Pringle). é Western New Mexico to southern Nevada, California, and northern onora. 3. Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc, 20:) 2832) 91885: Myosotis tenella Nutt., Jour. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 295. 1851. Known in Arizona from only a few scattered stations, near Superior (Pinal County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Santa Cata- lina Mountains (Pima County), probably in the oak belt. Idaho and Washington to southern Arizona and southern California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 759 4. Plagiobothrys cognatus (Greene) Johnston, Arnold Arboretum Contrib: 32.59. 1932. Allocarya cognata Greene, Pittonia 4: 335. 1901. Flagstaff and Fort Valley (Coconino County), about 7,000 feet, wet soils in the pine belt. Utah, Nevada, and northern Arizona. 5. Plagiobothrys pringlei Greene, Pittonia 1: 21. 1887. Echidiocarya arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proe./ 1188)" 1876- Verde Mesa (Yavapai ? County), and Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, mostly in the creosotebush belt, type from Verde Mesa (Smart). Central Arizona to northern Sonora. 6. Plagiobothrys californicus Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 2: 407. 1887. Creek banks near Prescott, Yavapai County (Nelson 10232, the type of P. micranthus), and in the Santa Catalina and Santa Rita Moun- tains, Pima County (Graham 3463, 3538), about 4,500 feet. Central and southern Arizona and southeastern California. The Arizona form is var. fulvescens Johnston (Plagiobothrys micran- thus A. Nels.). The species is very closely related to P. pringlei, which it resembles in all details except the separate unstalked nutlets and the slightly shorter calyx tube. It is possible that collectors have mistaken the plant for the more common and better known relative and so have failed to collectit. Consequently it may be more common and widely distributed than the few specimens at hand indicate. 10. AMSINCKIA. FiIppLENECK Bristly erect herbs with scorpioid cymes of yellow or orange flowers; corolla heterostyled, with an elongate tube, the appendages of the throat reduced or absent; leaves alternate; gynobase pyramidal; plants of dry open places. The plants are very abundant on sandy or gravelly soil in western and southern Arizona and are reported to make good spring forage while young. On the other hand it has been reported recently that horses, cattle, and swine eating the nutlets may develop cirrhosis of the liver. E Key to the species 1. Nutlets tuberculate, roughened by short ridges and a distinct dorsal keel; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes all distinct; corolla tube 10-nerved below the STE eee ee ee es ey ee 1. A. INTERMEDIA. 1. Nutlets tessellate, the ridges and dorsal keel low and usually rounded; calyx (except in early flowers) 2- to 4-lobed, the broader lobes 2- or 3-dentate at apex; corolla-tube 20-nerved below the stamens___ 2. A. TESSELLATA. 1. Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. and Meyer, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1836. Amsinckia echinata A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 54.. 1874. Mohave County southward and eastward to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, chiefly in the creosotebush belt. Western New Mexico to California. 760 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Amsinckia echinata, based on material from near -Fort Mohave (Cooper in 1860), is a form having the tuberculations and the dorsal keel of the nutlets elevated, narrow, and fragile. Such plants are frequent in Arizona and adjacent California but are connected by many transi- tions to the forms with less prominently roughened nutlets that are typical of A. intermedia. Suksdorf described various forms of A. intermedia as A. nana, A. demissa, A. rigida, A. arizonica, and A. microphylla, all based on types collected in Arizona. 2. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 54. 18705. Amsinckia macra Suksd., Werdenda 1: 108. 1931. Mohave County to Pima County, creosotebush desert, type of A. macra from Sacaton, Pinal County (Hastwood 8025). Eastern Wash- ington to southern and western Arizona, and California; Chile and Argentina. 11. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwetu?’ Plants perennial or biennial; corolla yellow or orange, the lobes rounded. The conspicuous corollas may be more or less sterile and most of the seed may be developed from inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers produced later in the season. A purple dye was obtained by the Indians from the roots of these plants. Key to the species 1. Corolla trumpet-shaped, 2 to 4 cm. long, the lobes erose or fimbriate; late flowers cleistogamous, obscure but very fertile________ i is INcisume 1. Corolla funnelform, 1 to 1.2 em. long, the lobes entire; cleistogamous flowers usually not developed (2). 2. Basal leaves persistent at anthesis; root biennial or short-lived perennial, WISUEVIb, develichaves jonny oleohiees = ee 2. L. COBRENSE. 2. Basal leaves disappearing long before anthesis; root strongly perennial, the crown usually discolored by abundant purple dye__ 8. L. MULTIFLORUM. 1. Lithospermum incisum Lehm., Asperif. 2: 303. 1818. Inthospermum angustifolium Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 130. 1803. Not of Forsk., 1775. Lithospermum linearifolium Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6: 322. 1822. . Apache County to Coconino, Yavapai, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, grassy flats and slopes in the sagebrush- saltbush, juniper, and pine belts. Canada to Illinois, Texas, and Arizona. This plant was used medicinally by the Hopi. 2. Lithospermum cobrense Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 157. 1881. White Mountains (Apache County) and southern Coconino County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and.Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,700 feet, mostly in the pine belt. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 27 Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. STUDIES IN THE BORAGINACEAE II. LITHOSPERMUM. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 18-31. 1924. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 761 3. Lithospermum multiflorum Torr. ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 51. 1875. Lithospermum arizonicum Gandoger, Soc. Bot. France Bul. 65: 62. 1918. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Pima County, 6,000 to 8,200 feet, gravelly benches and slopes, mostly in the juniper and pine belts, type of L. arizonicum from Flagstaff (MacDougal 242). Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 12. MACROMERIA Coarse bristly perennials with elongate, hairy, greenish yellow corollas and more or less acute corolla Jobes; plants of thickets and woodlands. It is stated that the dried leaves and flowers, mixed with tobacco, are smoked by the Hopi Indians in their ‘“‘rain-bringing”’ ceremony. 1. Macromeria thurberi (A. Gray) Mackenz., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 496. 1905. Onosmodium thurberi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2*: 205. 1878. Mountains of Apache, Coconino, Greenlee, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 8,500 feet, rocky slopes and valleys, in pine woods. New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. This species may have an earlier name in WM. wiridiflora DC., a species based on an illustration of a plant collected somewhere in Mexico. 107. VERBENACEAE. VERVAIN FAMILY Herbs or shrubs; stems often 4-angled; leaves opposite or whorled; flowers perfect, in spikes or heads; calyx commonly 5-toothed or 5- lobed; corolla usually slightly 2-lipped; fruit of 2 to 4 nutlets, these separating at maturity, or a drupe containing 1| stone. The best-known members of this family are the garden verbena, derived from hybrids among several South American species of Ver- bena, and the lemon-verbena (Lippia triphylla, L. citriodora), also a native of South America. Species of Lantana and Viter are exten- sively planted as ornamental shrubs in the warmer parts of the United States. Key to the genera 1. Fruit a fleshy drupe containing 1 stone; plant shrubby; corolla orange or yel- swe ra TIE FER = 2. LANTANA. 1. Fruit of 2 or more dry nutlets, these separating.at maturity; plants herbaceous or shrubby; corolla never orange, yellow, or bright red (2). 2. Calyx short, more or less campanulate, with 2 to 4 teeth or lobes; nutlets 2; plants perennial, herbaceous or shrubby________________-_ 3. Lippta. 2. Calyx elongate, cylindric, 5-toothed and 5-ribbed (3). 3. Nutlets 4, these at maturity shorter than the calyx, not beaked. 1. VERBENA. 3. Nutlets 2, these at maturity usually equaling or surpassing the calyx, MRO re Old ne ee a oe 4. BovucHEa. 762 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. VERBENA.2?2 VERVAIN Plants mostly biennial or perennial; flowers sessile, in elongate spikes, these often forming panicles, or in short headlike clusters; corolla salverform, the tube often curved; stamens included; style slender; stigma often 2-lobed; nutlets elongate, normally 4. The species, especially in section Glandularia, are difficult to dis- tinguish. It is believed that natural hybrids are of frequent occur- rence in this genus. Key to the species 1. Flowers showy, greatly surpassing the bracts, in short, broad, dense spikes, these becoming elongate and more open in fruit; corolla usually bright pink or mauve (rarely violet), 9 mm. long or longer: Section Glandularia (2). 2. Leaf blades coarsely crenate-dentate and often shallowly cleft, the teeth or lobes not or but slightly longer than wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, the lobes (if any) approximate, with narrow sinuses; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the calyx; stems copiously villous or subhirsute, also finely puber- ulent and often clandulars ss eee aware 1. V. GooDDINGII. 2. Leaf blades 3-parted, the primary divisions pinnatifid, the ultimate divisions narrowly lanceolate to oblong, considerably longer than wide, com- monly acute or acutish; stems and leaves hirsute-hispid (8). 3. Stems widely spreading or prostrate, commonly less than 25 em. long; plant often grayish, copiously to densely pubescent; leaves very crowded and overlapping, more or less appressed to the stem, not more than 3 cm. long, the lobes approximate (much less than 1 em. apart), their margins often strongly revolute; spikes sessile or nearly so; bracts commonly shorter than the calyx_______-_ 2. N= CILIATA: 3. Stems erect to decumbent-ascending, commonly more than 25 em. long; plant usually green, not densely pubescent; leaves not very crowded, not appressed to the stem, mostly more than 3 em. long, the lobes often 1 cm. or more apart; spikes usually distinctly pedunculate (4). 4, Glandular puberulence none; bracts with long, setaceous tips, usually equaling or nearly equaling the calyx-_-_-__--_ 3. V. BIPINNATIFIDA. 4, Glandular puberulence present at least on the calyx, but sometimes very obscure; bracts with shorter, often barely setaceous tips, consider- ably shorter than: theta ae eee 4. V. WRIGHTII. 1. Flowers not showy or greatly surpassing the bracts (except in V. neomexicana), in narrow, elongate spikes or if the spikes relatively short and broad at first then the bracts greatly surpassing the flowers; corolla whitish, blue, or violet, not more than 6 mm. long: Section Verbenacea (5). 5. Bracts conspicuous, much surpassing the flowers, commonly at least 5 mm. long; stems strongly decumbent or prostrate, diffusely branched from at or near the base; leaf blades not or not much longer than wide, more or less incised (6). 6. Leaf veins conspicuously whitish beneath toward the margin; blades incised-serrate or, at most, shallowly cleft; corolla dark blue; plant short-hirsute and glandular-puberulent____-_---_-__- 5. V. PLICATA. 6. Leaf veins not conspicuously whitish; corolla pale blue; plants hispid- hirsute (7). 7. Blades very deeply incised, the terminal division several-cleft nearly to the midvein; spikes much less than 1 em. wide; inflorescence copiously glandular; plant not drying blackish__-___ 6. V. GRACILIS. 7. Blades not very deeply incised, the terminal division coarsely toothed or, if cleft, then not nearly to the midvein; spikes commonly at least 1 em. wide; inflorescence not or obscurely glandular; plant Of GEM! Girsyaa ge Dl eC atc Heep ae 7. V. BRACTEATA. 5. Bracts inconspicuous, not or barely surpassing the flowers; stems erect or strongly ascending, not diffusely branched from the base (8). 8. Corolla white or whitish, barely surpassing the calyx, about 2 mm. long, the limb not more than 3 mm. in diameter; fruits divaricate; spikes filiform, very long, loose, more or less flexuous; leaf blades coarsely crenate-dentate, never pinnatifid; bracts minute (9). 28 Reference: PERRY, LILY M. A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF VERBENA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 20: 239-362. 1933. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 763 9. Leaves distinctly petioled, the lower petioles about 1 cm. long, the blades extremely scabrous above, broadly ovate (at least the lower ones), abruptly short-cuneate at base; stems short-pilose with ascending, subappressed hairs_______________- _._ 8. V. SCABRA. 9. Leaves subsessile, or the petioles less than 1 em. long, the blades not or only slightly scabrous above, oblong-lanceolate, gradually cuneate at base; stems hirsute with spreading hairs_____ 9. V. CAROLINA. §. Corolla blue or violet, usually distinctly surpassing the calyx, 4 mm. long or longer, the limb usually more than 3 mm. in diameter; fruits erect or strongly ascending; spikes not filiform, not or scarcely flexuous (10). 10. Spikes very dense even in fruit, forming a compact terminal panicle, occasionally solitary; corolla violet; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, much longer than wide, coarsely serrate (often double-serrate), not cleft, or at most subhastately so at base; stems tall, stout, strictly erect (11). 11. Leaf blades thick, coarsely and prominently rugose-reticulate beneath; stems copiously villous-hirsute with spreading hairs; fruiting spikes stout, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. 10. V. MACDOUGALI. 11. Leaf blades relatively thin, not prominently reticulate beneath, often subhastately lobed at base; stems pilose with short, an- trorse, subappressed hairs; fruiting spikes much less than 8 mm. CACC TT Po gt Re 5 2 eee 2 oe es a ee ee ee ee 11. V. HASTATA. 10. Spikes loose in fruit, not forming a compact terminal panicle; corolla blue; leaf blades more or less cleft (12). 12. Leaf blades seldom more than 1.5 times as long as wide, rather shallowly 3-cleft or merely incised-serrate, the veins whitish beneath toward the margin; stems seldom more than 30 ecm. long; corolla dark blue, the limb less than 5 mm. in diameter. 5. V. PLICATA. 12. Leaf blades commonly more than 1.5 times as long as wide, pinna- tifid, or 3-parted and the (much longer) terminal division pinna- tifid, the veins not whitish beneath; stems commonly more than 30 cm long; corolla light blue____-__~___~- 12. V. NEOMEXICANA. 1. Verbena gooddingii Brig., Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Genéve 10: 103. 1907. Mohave County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 5,000 feet or (usually) lower, common on dry slopes and mesas, flowering almost throughout the year. Southern Utah and Arizona to southeastern California and northwestern Mexico. The typical form, with leaf blades several-cleft, is more frequent in Arizona than var. nepetifolia Tidestrom (V. verna A. Nels.) with leaf blades not cleft, or cleft only near the base. The variety is largely confined to the western half of the State and intergrades freely with the typical form. The type of V. verna was collected along Diamond Creek, Mohave County (N. C. Wilson 95). 2. Verbena ciliata Benth., Pl. Hartw. 21. 1839. Verbena pubera Greene, Pittonia 5: 136. 1903. Verbena ciliata var. pubera Perry, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 20: 802. 1933. Apache, Navaio, and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, dry plains and mesas, April to July. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The writers believe that Greene’s V. pubera corresponds more closely with Bentham’s V. ciliata, at least as interpreted by A. Gray, than do most of the specimens referred by Miss Perry to V. ciliata. V. ciliata and the 2 following species seem to be completely confluent, and it is almost impossible to identify many Arizona specimens with assurance as belonging to one or the other species. 764 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 2: 123. 1821. Verbena ambrosifolia Rydb. f. eglandulosa Perry, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 20: 328, 1933: Southern Apache and southern Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 10,000 feet, common in open coniferous forests, May to September. South Dakota to Alabama, Arizona, and northern Mexico. The var. latilobata Perry, characterized by less deeply incised and broader-lobed leaf blades, is rather frequent in Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties. 4. Verbena wrightii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 23: 337. 1878. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 6,500 feet, common on mesas and slopes, April to October. Southern Colorado and western Texas to Arizona. The writers have been unable to distinguish from V. wrightii most of the Arizona specimens identified by Miss Perry as V. ambrosifolia Rydb. and as V. ciliata Benth. 5. Verbena plicata Greene, Pittonia 5: 135. 1903. _ Near Tucson, Pima County (several collections, including Toumey 306), March to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 6. Verbena gracilis Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 393. 1829. Verbena remota Benth., Pl. Hartw. 21. 1839. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 6,700 feet, June to October. Southern Utah to southern Mexico. 7. Verbena bracteata Lag. and Rodr., An. Cienc. Nat. 4: 260. 1801. Verbena bracteosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 13. 1803. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Pinal County, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, waste land, river bottoms, May to August, appearing like an introduced weed. Throughout the United States and in northern Mexico. 8. Verbena scabra Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 2. 1798. Twenty miles north of Rice, Gila County (Harrison 4897), Tucson, Pima County (Pringle in 1884), July to October. North Carolina to Florida, westward to southern California and northern Mexico. 9. Verbena carolina L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 852. 1759. | Verbena polystachya H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 274. 1817. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, along streams, September and October. Florida to Texas, southern Arizona, and south to Central America. 10. Verbena macdougalii Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 588. 1899: Both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 6,500 to 7,500 feet, mostly in open forests of yellow pine, June to September, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 765 type from Flagstaff (MacDougal 249). Southern Wyoming to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 11. Verbena hastata L., Sp. Pl. 20. 1753. Without definite locality (Palmer in 1869). Specimens collected at Flagstaff (Coconino County) and near Prescott (Yavapai County) are cited by Miss Perry. Canada to Florida, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 12. Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 1010. 1903. Verbena canescens H. B. K. var. neomexicana A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2 1: 337. 1878. Yavapai County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, foothills and canyons, common, March to October. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. The Arizona form is var. rylopoda Perry, which has larger flowers than the typical form of the species. The species is doubtfully distinct from V. menthaefolia Benth. A collection near Yuma (Jones in 1906), cited by Miss Perry under the latter species, greatly resembles V. neomexricand. 2. LANTANA A shrub, usually prickly; leaves petioled, the blades broadly ovate, crenate; flowers in dense headlike axillary clusters, these subtended by several narrow bracts; fruit a fleshy drupe, black and shiny when mature. 1. Lantana camara L., Sp. Pl. 627. 1753. Near Sells (western Pima County), about 2,500 feet, bank of a stream, August. Georgia to southern Texas, southern Arizona, Mex- ico, and widely distributed in tropical America. It is unlikely that the plants at this Arizona locality were intro- duced by man, but the seeds may have been brought there by mi- grating birds. The plant contains an alkaloid that is reported to resemble quinine in its action. 3. LIPPIA Plants perennial, shrubby or herbaceous; flowers in slender elongate spikes, these forming open terminal panicles, or in short, dense, pe- duncled axillary heads; calyx 2- to 4-cleft; corolla with a cylindric tube and a somewhat bilabiate limb; nutlets 2. L. ligustrina and L. wrightii are neat and graceful shrubs with aro- matic foliage, responding well to cultivation. They afford browse for livestock, and the flowers are reported to yield excellent honey. L. cuneifolia and L. lanceolata are efficient soil binders but are nowhere abundant in Arizona. An introduced species of similar habit is some- times used for lawns. Key to the species 1. Plants shrubby, aromatic; leaf blades scabrous-strigose above, tomentose or tomentulose beneath; flowers in slender spikes or spikelike racemes, these more than 4 times as long as wide and forming loose leafy panicles; bracts narrow, not closely subtending the flowers; calyx conspicuously villous- hirsute: Subgenus Aloysia (2). 766 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Leaf blades entire or sparsely and irregularly denticulate, lance-oblong, dull green and scarcely rugose above; young stems canescent-puberulent; corolla, pale blue ss) Sige a ee oe eee 1. L. LIGUSTRINA. 2. Leaf blades regularly crenate with numerous teeth, ovate or suborbicular, bright green and rugose above, whitish beneath; young stems finely whitish tomentose; corolla whitish____=____________ 2. L. wRIGHTII. 1. Plants herbaceous, not aromatic; leaf blades cuneate, serrate, strigose but scarcely scabrous; inflorescences few, dense, short-spicate or subcapitate, not more than 4 times as long as wide; bracts broad, imbricate, closely subtending the flowers; calyx strigose; stems procumbent, rooting at the nodes: Subgenus Phyla (8). 3. Leaf blades rigid, thick, oblanceolate-cuneate, with 1 to 4 pairs of teeth near the apex; herbage strigillose-canescent_______ 3. L. CUNEIFOLIA. 3. Leaf blades not rigid, thin, lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, with more than 4 pairs of teeth, these extending well below the apex; herbage green. 4. lL. LANCEOLATA. 1. Lippia ligustrina (Lag.) Britton, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 181. 1891. Verbena ligustrina Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl. 18. 1816. Near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 4,000 feet (Harrison and King 6964). Western Texas, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 2. Lippia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 16: 98. 1853. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and northern Mohave County to Greenlee, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, common on dry rocky slopes, August to October. Western Texas to southeastern California and northern Mexico. Reported as growing only on northern slopes at low altitudes and only on southern exposures at its higher altitudinal limit. 3. Lippia cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud. in Marcy, Expl. Red River 293. 1854. Zapama cuneifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 234. 1828. Phyla cunevfolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 47. 1899. Apache County to eastern Coconino County and along the Colorado River at Fort Mohave and near Yuma, stream beds and ‘“‘playas,” usually in heavy soil, June to August. Nebraska and Wyoming to Texas and Arizona. A form collected in the White Mountains (Ellis 4) approaches Phyla incisa Small in its elongate peduncles. 4. Lippia lanceolata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2:15. 1808. Phyla lanceolata Greene, Pittonia 4:47. 1899. Tucson, Pima County (Toumey in 1892), also at St. Thomas, Nevada, very near the northwestern border of Arizona (Purpus 6180). New Jersey to Minnesota, Florida, Texas, Arizona, and southern California. 4. BOUCHEA Plant annual; stem erect, leafy, sparingly branched; leaves long- petioled, the blades oval or ovate, crenate or serrate; flowers in slender elongate spikes; corolla deep violet. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 767 1. Bouchea prismatica (Jacq.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 502. 1891. Verbena prismatica Jacq., Collect. 2: 301. 1788. Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, infrequent in rich shaded ground along streams, August to October. Southern Arizona, Mexico, and tropical America. The species is represented in Arizona by var. brevirostra Grenze- bach, with beaks of the nutlets very short. 108. LABIATAE. MINT FAMILY Contributed by Cari EpLine Plants herbaceous, annual or spreading by rhizomes, less often woody shrubs or undershrubs; stems herbaceous, usually square; leaves opposite; flowers variously disposed; calyx commonly more or less 2-lipped, the upper 3 teeth more or less joined, the lower pair usually free, all sometimes equal, the tube sometimes enlarged in fruit; corolla obscurely to (usually) evidently bilabiate, the upper 2 petals usually joined to form an erect, sometimes galeate lip enclosing the stamens, or this sometimes very short and deeply notched, the 5 lobes rarely subequal, the lower lip usually spreading; stamens 4 or 2, usually in 2 unequal pairs, the connective sometimes strongly developed at the expense of the filament, the anthers parallel or di- vergent, with 1 theca sometimes completely or partly aborted; style bifid at apex, arising from the base of the 4-lobed ovary between the quite distinct lobes, or from near the apex of the ovary when the lobes (and the nutlets) are partly united below. An attractive family of largely aromatic plants, including such notable contributions to the herb garden as mint, sage, lavender, thyme, and rosemary. Nearly all of the Arizona Labiatae are good honey plants. Key to the genera 1. Functional stamens 2, with small staminodes sometimes also present (2). 2. Stamens appearing jointed, the connective strongly developed, often arcuate and bearing fertile thecae at both ends, or straight and thrust down- ward into the corolla tube, or the lower end wholly abortive; calyx teeth apparently 3__________- Pee. 16. Satvia. 2. Stamens not * s genus Salvia, both thecae fertile and approximate or con- fluent : 3. Corolla nearly regular, small; flowers in axillary glomerules; herbage glabrous or merely puberulent_________________-_ 22. lLycopus. 3. Corolla irregular, distinctly bilabiate (4). 4. Flowers in dense subglobose verticils, these forming an interrupted spike, or terminal, the glomerules subtended by numerous conspicuous bracts; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long or longer__________ 17. Monarpba. 4. Flowers 1 to 6 (seldom more), in sessile or pedunculate axillary clusters, sometimes subtended by small bracteoles, the clusters never dense and subglobose; leaves rarely as long as 2 em. (5). . Stems ashy with small, curled or spreading, not at all feltlike hairs; calyx variously pubescent but not as in genus Poliomintha, the lower pair of teeth usually bristly with stiffish hairs along the SE ee ee ee 18. HEDEOMA. . Stems whitened with a dense feltlike tomentum; calyx softly and densely hairy with hairs as long as the calyx teeth. 19. POLIOMINTHA. or Or 286744°—42—_49 768 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Functional stamens 4 (6). 6. Calyx teeth 10, hooked at apex; flowers in dense subglobose glomerules; upper lip of the corolla deeply notched_____________~ 7. Marrusium. 6. Calyx teeth 5 or none (7). 7. Teeth of the calyx none, the lips even and rounded; upper lip of the corolla galeate, completely enclosing the stamens (8). 8. Entire calyx becoming enlarged and bladderlike at maturity, com- pletely enclosing tte saul ets ee eran meee eae 5. SADAZARTAS 8. Upper surface of the calyx bearing a small appendage, this developing at maturity into an erect conspicuous flap, the calyx at maturity separating into 2 portions longitudinally, the upper, flap-bearing Jorma (S OCMC Wales ee ee 6. SCUTELLARIA. 7. Teeth of the calyx five (9). 9. Calyx enlarging into a flaring veiny funnel 2.5 cm. across; plant quite plabrous £25 5 Ss eee es 2 ee ee ee eee 14. MouuccEuua. 9. Calyx enlarging to some extent but not as in Moluccella (10). 10. Lobes of the calyx markedly unequal; flowers in dense oblong bracteate spikes (11). 11. Upper calyx lip with the middle tooth ovate, twice as broad as the other teeth, all of the teeth spine-tipped; bracts spinose- toothed, hollylike______ se PER ph i ne a 10. Moxpavica. 11. Upper calyx lip with the teeth completely joined to form a tri- cuspidate squarish lip; bracts ciliate, entire, clasping. 11. PRUNELLA. 10. Lobes of the calyx sometimes unequal in length but otherwise all much alike, deltoid, lanceolate, or subulate; flowers in axillary clusters or forming interrupted spikes, less often in ecngested spikes (12). 12. Hairs of the canescent calyx and foliage branched, intricately tangled; middle lobe of the lower lip of the corolla distinctly dipper-shaped aol amijyais lar Ulloa ea 24. Hypris. 12. Hairs simple; middle lobe of the lower lip of the corolla plane and spreading or at most lightly cupped (13). 13. Flowers solitary or not more than 8 in the cluster (14). 14. Flowers solitary and subsessile in the axils of small bracts, disposed in racemes or panicles; lower pair of stamens attached near the middle of the corolla tube, the latter distended #abo vies ate a nee 12. DRracocEPHALUM. 14. Flowers solitary or in pedunculate cymules of 2 or 3, in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx teeth equaling the calyx tube or longer; nutlets pitted (15). 15. Flowers solitary in the axils; leaves pinnatifid, or (at least some of them) 3-lobed; upper lip of the corolla much shorter than the lower, which is spreading and obvious. | 1. TEUCRIUM. 15. Flowers usually in small cymules, sometimes solitary; leaves entire or somewhat toothed, not at all lobed; limb of the corolla bell-shaped, the lobes subequal (16). 16. Stamens about as long as the corolla, the latter about Lsyp acl cops Kalayomenumneceuni ed SE ot ays We lh Wey scot 3. IsANTHUS. 16. Stamens clearly surpassing the corolla, the latter 10 to sy saouaats Iopaves (17) 17. Stamens straight; hairs of the calyx curled downward. . TETRACLEA. 17. Stamens arched and curving; hairs of the calyx curled RPO Wik oo inc ey ene ee 4. ‘TRICHOSTEMA. 13. Flowers several or many at each node, forming an interrupted or congested spike, rarely a terminal head; corolla tube short or, if elongate, then narrow and gradually enlarged upward (except in genus Clinopodium); stamens attached near the throat of the corolla (18). 18. Anther sacs parallel or nearly so (19). 19. Leaves 8-parted, the divisions incised ____- 13. LEoNnuURUS. 19. Leaves crenate, serrate, or entire (20). 20. Leaves (at least the lower ones) deltoid-ovate, truncate or cordate at base; upper lip of the corolla galeate. 8. AGASTACHE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 769 20. Leaves elliptic or oblong, narrowed at base, not at all cordate (21). 21. Upper lip of the corolla apparently wanting, very short and scarcely exserted from the calyx, deeply notched; stamens exserted through the notch, arched; calyx saccate; nutlets pitted_1. Teucrium. 21. Upper lip of the corolla plane, entire, subequal to the other lobes; calyx top-shaped; nutlets smooth. 23. MENTHA. 18. Anther sacs divergent or divaricate, forming an angle of about 90 degrees, or placed end to end (22). 22. Flowers disposed in 1 or 2 hemispherical glomerules at the end of each branch (23). 23. Glomerules often 2; upper calyx teeth joined to the middle; bracts acicular or linear; corolla lobes 4, the upper 2 joined to form an erect lip. 20. CLINOPODIUM. 23. Glomerules solitary and terminal; calyx teeth subequal; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate; corolla lobes 5, SEC CET |: Aa a ti cae Ame a Re 21. MoNaRDELLA. 22. Flowers disposed in spikes (24). 24. Spikes loose, the clusters pedicellate; upper lip of the corolla essentially plane, the tube glabrous within; leaves petiolate, truncate or cordate at base; calyx evidently 14- or 15-veined, the veins bright green, the intervenous tissue transparent_________ 9. NEPETA. 24. Spikes compact, the clusters sessile: upper lip of the corolla cupped, the tube bearing a hairy annulus within; leaves sessile or, if petiolate and truncate at base, then the corolla bright red; calyx with an indefinite number of veins (usually more than 15), the intervenous tissue opaque and green. 15. Sracuys. 1. TEUCRIUM. GeERMANDER Perennial herbs up to 1 m. high, with serrate, oblong leaves and the flowers in terminal slender spikes, or else smaller plants, annual or perennial, with at least some of the leaves pinnatifid and with the flowers in the axils of the reduced upper leaves; calyx saccate and toothed, or deeply 5-lobed; corolla pinkish, bluish, or pallid, the upper lip very short, deeply notched, the lower lip conspicuous and spreading, with small lateral lobes; stamens 4, paired; nutlets roughened. Key to the species 1. Leaves oblong, serrate; flowers in a terminal bracteate Hrs calyx saccate, Pip te ig 9 he Se ae Diet a ee 1. T. CANADENSE. 1. Leaves laciniate or pinnatifid, Jess often 3-lobed or some of them entire and linear; flowers in the axils of the reduced upper leaves; calyx deeply lobed, the lobes lanceolate (2). 2. Pedicels 20 mm. long; plant perennial ___________--~ 2. T. GLANDULOSUM. 2. Pedicels 1 to 5 mm. long; plant annual __________-__~- 3. T. DEPRESSUM. 1. Teucrium canadense L., Sp. Pl. 564. 1753. Bed of the Santa Cruz River near Tucson (Pringle in 1881, Thornber 455). Canada to Florida, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 2. Teucrium glandulosum Kellogg, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 2: 23. 1863. Chemehuevi (Mohave County), Horse Tanks in the Castle Dome Mountains (Yuma County), 2,000 feet (Nichol 30, Epling in 1939), locally abundant in depressions and arroyos, May to July. Western Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. An ample collection made recently on Cedros Island, the type = a ae a ey ee 770 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE locality, permits comparison with the Arizona specimens. The habit and pubescence are very similar. The flowers of the Arizona specimens are somewhat larger and seem paler, but no other differ- ences are apparent. 3. Teucrium depressum Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 288. 1899. Pinal, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, commonly in wet soil along streams, March to May. Southern Texas and southern Arizona. . Arizona specimens have usually been identified as Melosmon cubense (L.) Small (Teucrium cubense L.). 2. TETRACLEA Perennial herbs, with ashy-green foliage and fine rough pubescence; leaves ovate or oblong, mostly toothed; flowers in axillary cymes; calyx equally 5-lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, longer than the tube, this hemispheric in fruit; corolla at least twice as long as the calyx, the lobes oval, subequal; stamens clearly exserted beyond the corolla, curving up under the upper lobes but not strongly so; nutlets obovate, pitted, hirtellous. Key to the species 1. Lobes of the mature calyx about 4 mm. long, broadly deltoid, acuminate at apex only, the breadth of the lobe not much less than its length. . T. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 1. Lobes of the mature calyx 5 to 8 mm. long, narrowly deltoid or deltoid-lan- ceolate, acuminate usually in the upper half, the breadth of the lobe half its length or lessut23 52. 232-6 eee 2. TL. COULEERE 1. Tetraclea angustifolia Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: sh 70: aloe Cochise County near Rodeo, N. Mex., about 4,000 feet (Peebles and Loomis 5378). Southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Doubtfully distinct from the following species. 2. Tetraclea coulteri A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 16: 98. 1853. Coconino, Yavapai, Greenlee, Maricopa, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, April to August. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. 3. ISANTHUS. Fause-pENNYROYAL Small annual glandular-puberulent herbs, branching throughout, the branches ascending; leaves entire, elliptic, acute, usually equaling or longer than the internodes; flowers axillary; calyx equally 5-lobed, the lobes acute, longer than the tube, the latter hemispheric in fruit; corolla somewhat exceeding the calyx, the lobes oval, subequal; stamens 4, about equaling the corolla, ascending under the upper lobes; nutlets pitted, hirtellous. 1. Isanthus brachiatus (L.) B.S. P., Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 44. 1888. Trichostema brachiatum L., Sp. Pl. 598. 1753. Hilltop and Fort Apache, Navajo County (Harrison 4893, King 12929), Mogollon Escarpment, Coconino or Gila County (Purpus 8309), alsoin Cochise County. Canada to Georgia, Texas, and eastern Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA Tie 4. TRICHOSTEMA. BLvEcuRLS A small half-shrub, woody at base; flowering stems mostly annual, dying back, puberulent and glandular; leaves oval or ovate, usually obtuse, entire, usually shorter than the internodes; flowers in cymes, these in the axils of the upper reduced leaves or bracts; calyx equally 5-lobed, the lobes obtuse, about equal to the tube, the latter hemi- spheric in fruit; corolla twice as long as the calyx; stamens ascending between the upper lobes of the corolla, strongly curved and exserted; nutlets pitted or wrinkled, somewhat hirtellous. 1. Trichostema arizonicum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. Sess kh hay. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, rocky slopes, August and September, type from the Chiricahua Mountains (Wright 1541). Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. 5. SALAZARIA. BLappDER-SAGE A subspinose shrub with divaricate branches and inconspicuous leaves; flowers in the axils of small bractlike leaves; calyx equally 2-lipped, the lips entire, becoming inflated at maturity into a papery bladder enclosing the nutlets; corolla violet and white, tubular, the limb relatively short, the lateral lobes more or less joined with the upper lip to form a galea, this including the stamens and style; stamens 4, paired; nutlets roughened. 1. Salazaria mexicana Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. 1859. Mohave, Yavapai, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, usually below 3,000 feet, foothills and washes in the creosotebush association, reach- ing the margin of the juniper association. Western Texas to southern Nevada, Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. This plant is reported to furnish forage for livestock throughout the year, in the drier parts of the State. The flowers and bladderlike fruits (see pl. 17) are attractive. 6. SCUTELLARIA.” SxkuLucap Small perennial herbs, either with few stems and slender spreading rhizomes, or with several stems ascending from a woody caudex; leaves petiolate, entire or crenate-serrate; flowers axillary in the upper part of the plant, or borne in lateral racemes and subtended by leaflike bracts; corolla violet, tubular, the limb relatively short, the lateral lobes more or less joined with the upper lip to form a galea, this includ- ing the stamens and style; stamens 4, in pairs, with 1 anther sac abortive in the lower pair; putlets variously tuberculate. Key to the species 1. Plants with spreading slender rhizomes; leaves deltoid-ovate or oblong, crenate- serrate, mostly 3 to 7 cm. long; nutlets buff- or straw-colored (2). 2. Galea and tube of the corolla 5 to 7 mm. long; flowers in lateral bracteate pacemies =. S542 Almost throughout the State, 3,500 to 7,000 feet, April to June. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. The Indians of northern Arizona ate the fresh berries, and, during famines, ate a mixture of the dried berries and saline clay. 5. Lycium parishii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: 305. 1885. Lycium pringler A. Gray, ibid. Maricopa, southern Pinal, western Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 1,500 feet, February to April (occasionally November). Southern Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora. 6. Lycium exsertum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: Bs dks Lycium fremontu var. bigelovi A. Gray, ibid. 6: 47. 1862. Graham (?), Maricopa, Pinai, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 4,000 feet, flowering throughout the year, mostly January and February. Southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. The fertile pistillate form with reduced abortive stamens formerly passed as L. fremonti var. bigelovir. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 789 7. Lycium fremontii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 6: 46. 1862. Lycivum gracilipes A. Gray, ibid. 12: 81. 1877. Western and southern Arizona, up to about 2,500 feet, throughout the year, mostly January to February. Also in southeastern Cali- fornia and northwestern Mexico. The abundant juicy berries produced by this and the preceding species were gathered by the desert Indians for food. Both species are hosts of the destructive root-rot fungus, Phymatotrichum omni- vorum (Shear) Dug. 8. Lycium torreyi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 6: 47. 1862. Western and southern parts of the State, mostly below 3,000 feet, March to June. Southeastern Utah and New Mexico to southeastern California and Mexico. 9. Lycium andersonii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 398. 1868. Practically throughout the State, from Coconino and Mohave Counties southward to Graham, Cochise, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,600 feet, February to April (August and September). Utah and New Mexico to California and northwestern Mexico. The typical form has the corolla 7 to 14 mm. long, usually 5-merous, and the leaves 3 to 15 mm. long, usually thickened and succulent. The var. deserticola (C. L. Hitche.) Munz (L. andersonii f. deserticola C. L. Hitche.), with thin, flat leaves up to 35 mm. long, and plants usually large and robust, is not uncommon along washes in Maricopa and Yuma Counties, below 1,500 feet, and in southeastern California. The var. wrightit A. Gray, with corolla 4 to 8 mm. long, usually 4- merous, and leaves 3 to 8 mm. long but occasionally larger, occurs from Greenlee County to Cochise and Yuma Counties, and in Sonora. 10. Lycium berlandieri Dunal in DC., Prodr. 13: 520. 1852. Greenlee, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to about 3,000 feet, March to September. Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Represented in Arizona by var. parviflorum (Gray) Terrac. (Lyciwm parviflorum Gray, L. berlandiert var. longistylum C. L. Hitche., L. berlandiert var. brevilobum C. L. Hitche.), which is distinguished by stout leafy branches and flowers mostly 4 to 6 mm. long. 2. MARGARANTHUS Small annual herbs, resembling Physalis; stems leafy, branched; leaves petioled, the blades thin, entire or somewhat sinuate, ovate or lanceolate; flowers small, solitary, on slender pedicels; corolla sub- olobose. Key to the species 1. Stems spreading, diffusely branched from the base; corolla apparently white, deeply cleft, the lobes at least as long as the tube_ 1. M. LEMMONI. 1. Stems erect, not or sparingly branched from the base; corolla greenish yellow or lurid purple, cylindric-urceolate, merely denticulate at the orifice. 2. M. SOLANACEUS. 7002) MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Margaranthus lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19291) S83: Known only from the type collection in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2847), September. 2. Margaranthus selanaceus Schlecht., Index Sem. Hort. Hal. 1838; Linnaea 13: Litt. 99. 1839. Yavapai and Gila Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, rich soil in shade, August and Septem- ber. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 3. CHAMAESARACHA Low perennial herbs; stems leafy, decumbent or prostrate, branched; flowers axillary, solitary on slender pedicels, these recurved or reflexed in fruit; corolla rotate; berry closely invested but not hidden by the calyx. Key to the spectes 1. Herbage scurfy (very sparsely so when mature) with short, flat, white, mostly stellate hairs (these often stalked below the rays), not viscid; leaves mostly sessile or subsessile, the blades oblong-lanceolate to linear, nearly entire to (commonly) laciniate-pinnatifid; corolla greenish white or tinged with purple, with large, cushionlike appendages nearly filling the throat. 1. C. CORONOPUS. 1. Herbage villous with long, slender, weak, simple hairs, also densely viscid- puberulent; leaves mostly distinetly petioled, the blades oblong-lanceolate, ovate, oblanceolate, or obovate-spatulate, repand to incisely pinnatifid, the lobes sometimes incised; corolla pale yellow or purplish, with relatively small and flat appendages not filling the throat____ 2. C. coNnroipEs. 1. Chamaesaracha coronopus (Dunal) A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 540. 1876. Solanum coronopus Dunal in DC., Prodr. 131: 64. 1852. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 7,500 feet, dry plains and mesas, April to September. Kansas to Utah, south to northern Mexico. The berries are eaten by the Navajo and Hopi Indians. 2. Chamaesaracha conioides (Moric.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Meme 53232 Siso5. Solanum conioides Moric. ex Dunal in DC., Prodr. 131: 64. 1852. Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, dry plains and mesas, often on limestone, March to October. Kansas and Colorado to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 4. PHYSALIS.2§ GrounDCHERRY Annual or perennial herbs (rarely suffrutescent); stems branched, leafy; flowers solitary, on lateral peduncles; calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft, becoming greatly enlarged, papery, veiny; berry globose, many- seeded; seeds flat. The berries are more or less edible and are sometimes used in making nreserves. The Indians ate them, both raw and cooked. Two Old World species, the strawberry groundcherry (P. alkekengi) and the lantern groundcherry (P. franchetii) are often grown as ornamentals. 35 Reference: RYDBERG, P. A. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PHYSALIS AND RELATED GENERA. Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 4: 297-372. 1896. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 791 Key to the species 1. Corolla rotate (at least in early flowers), purple or whitish; leaf blades sinu- ately denticulate or dentate, or pinnately cleft, cuneate at base, long- petioled (2). 2. Plant perennial, sparsely whitish-scurfy, at least on the young parts; leaf blades oblong to ovate; corolla violet or purple, with a white eye; anthers yellow; seeds thick, coarsely and irregularly rugose on the back. il PP: 2oBaTA 2. Plant annual, not scurfy, sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaf blades lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate (exceptionally ovate); corolla (in early flowers) 15 to 20 mm. in diameter, whitish, often with a large yellow eye; anthers purplish; seeds thin, not coarsely rugose on the back_ 2. P. wricutTn. 1. Corolla campanulate, yellow or yellowish, usually with a brown or purplish eve (3). 3. Pubescence partly of forked or stellate hairs, minute, cinereous, not or very slightly viscid; plant perennial; leaf blades broadly ovate or deltoid, scarcely cordate at base, acute or acutish at apex, sinuate-dentate, usually shallowly so; corolla open-campanulate___—___ 3. P. FENDLERI. 3. Pubescence of simple hairs (4). 4. Stems and leaves conspicuously pubescent, many of the stem hairs spreading (5). 5. Pubescence not viscid, rather sparse, many of the stem hairs long, flat, segmented, tapering; plant perennial; leaf blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, entire to coarsely few- toothed; corolla 15 to 20 mm. in diameter; fruiting calyx 25 to 35 mm. ‘long Bara le ey Pe ee ed eae ee 4. P. LANCEOLATA. 5. Pubescence viscid, copious; leaf blades ovate, deltoid, or suborbi- cular (6). 6. Plant annual; main stem erect, stout, seldom branching from the base; leaf blades thin, broadly ovate to nearly orbicular, sparingly repand-dentate to nearly entire, often subcordate at base; corolla yellow or greenish with a conspicuous dark eye; fruiting calyx conspicuously acuminate; stem hairs slender, not noticeably eS ee eS ee ee es ae 5. P. PUBESCENS. 6. Plants perennial; flowering stems from creeping rootstocks, usually diffusely branched from the base; leaf blades thickish, usually coarsely toothed; fruiting calyx not conspicuously acuminate (7). 7. Leaf blades commonly at least 5 em. long, acute or acuminate at apex; pubescence of both short glandular hairs, and long flat segmented hairs; corolla 15 mm. in diameter or larger; fruiting calyx 2 a0 4 ema tong <7 es 6. P. HETEROPHYLLA. 7. Leaf blades commonly less than 5 em. long, obtuse to acute at apex; plant copiously glandular-pilose with very few, if any, long flat segmented hairs; corolla commonly less than 15 mm. in diameter; fruiting calyx not more than 2.5 cm. long. P. HEDERAEFOLIA. . Stems and leaves inconspicuously pubescent or glabrate, the hairs chiefly minute, nct or scarcely viscid; plants perennial (8). 8. Leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate (exceptionally oblanceo- late), entire or repand (exceptionally sinuate-dentate), usually acuminate at both ends; herbage sparsely pubescent with short, stiff, appressed or subappressed hairs, or often glabrate; flowering stems from creeping rootstocks, stout, erect, sparingly branched; corolla 15 to 25 mm. in diameter, pale yellow with a dark eye; fruiting calyx 25 to 35 mm. long, ovoid, the teeth triangular- EES TT 8 oe a lea ce ae ne a ey ee 8. P. LONGIFOLIA. 8. Leaf blades broadly ovate, rounded deltoid, or suborbieular; herbage persistently puberulent; flowering stems diffusely branched (9). 9. Leaf blades thin, coarsely and rather deeply sinuate-dentate; corolla with a distinet eye, greenish yellow, drying purplish. 9. P. VERSICOLOR. 9. Leaf blades thickish, entire to shallowly sinuate-dentate; corolla often without an eye, drying yellow; plant often suffrutescent; leaf blades occasionally subcordate-_-_-_____ 10. P, CRASSIFOLIA, 792 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Physalis lobata Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 226. 1828. Quincula lobata Raf., Atlant. Jour. 145. 1832. Navajo, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties (probably elsewhere), 1,200 to 5,000 feet, plains and mesas, often at roadsides, March to October. Kansas to Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 2. Physalis wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 63. 1874. Navajo County to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 100 to 4,000 feet, fields, along ditches, etc., June to September. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. A common weed in irrigated fields in southern Arizona. It is sus- pected that Arizona specimens which have been referred to P. lancei- folia Nees (see footnote 36, p. 790, Rydberg, p. 332) are in reality P. wrightit with small, late-season flowers. They resemble that species in all other characters. Some specimens of P. wrightii have both large and flat corollas and much smaller, more campanulate ones. 3. Physalis fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 66. 1874. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,200 to 7,500 feet, dry mesas and slopes, often on limestone and associated with juniper and pinyon, May to August. Colorado and Utah to Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. 4, Physalis lanceolata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 149. 1803. White Mountains (Apache or Greenlee County) and mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,500 feet, August. Illinois to South Dakota, Arkansas, and eastern Arizona. 5. Physalis pubescens L., Sp. Pl. 183. 1753. Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, mostly along streams in partial shade, August and September. Pennsylvania to Colorado, Florida, and Arizona, southward to Panama. The Arizona form, with a relatively tall, stout, erect stem not branching from the base, probably is P. neomericana Rydb., but is scarcely more than varietally distinct from P. pubescens. 6. Physalis heterophylla Nees, Linnaea 6: 463. 1831. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Pima County, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, June to October. Canada to Florida and Arizona. 7. Physalis hederaefolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: OS, S74 Coconino and Mohave Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, foothills and plains, April to July. Colorado and Utah to Texas, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. Plant with the aspect of P. fendleri, but very different in character of the pubescence. 8. Physalis longifolia Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 5: 193. 1837. Southern Navajo County and Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,300 to 5,000 feet, rare in Arizona, April to August. Jowa to Montana, south to Arkansas, Arizona, and northern Mexico, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 793 9. Physalis versicolor Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 307. 1895. Western Pima County, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, mesas and foothills, August and September. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 10. Physalis crassifolia Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 40. 1844. Canyons of the Colorado River in Coconino and Mohave Counties, to Pima and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower, dry rocky slopes, February to October. Southern Utah and Arizona to southeastern California and Baja California. Arizona’s only suffrutescent species and also the most xerophytic one. A form with subcordate leaf blades, var. cardiophylla Gray, is occasional in Arizona. 5. SARACHA 27 A large perennial herb with a vertically elongate tuberous root; stems branching, sharply 4-angled; leaves long-petioled, the blades large, very thin, ovate, acuminate, cuneate at base, entire or nearly so; flowers in axillary umbels; corolla rotate, greenish; berry many- seeded, dark purple when mature. 1. Saracha procumbens (Cay.) Ruiz and Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 2: 4S. 17/99. Atropa procumbens Cav., Icon. Pl. 1: 53. 1791. Saracha sessilis Greene, Leaflets 2:23. 1909. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, shady canyons in rich soil, August to September, type of S. sessilis from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer). Southern Arizona to South America. 6. CAPSICUM. ReEpPEPPER Plant more or less shrubby; stems widely branched; leaves slender- petioled, the blades thin, ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, entire; peduncles long and slender, often in pairs, spreading or somewhat reflexed; calyx small, shallowly toothed or truncate; corolla rotate, deeply cleft, whitish; fruit short-ovoid or nearly globose, persistent. 1. Capsicum baccatum L.., Mant. 1: 46. 1767. Capsicum frutescens L. var. baccatum Irish, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt: 9: 97. 1898. West slope of the Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County, about 4,000 feet, in a canyon (Peebles et al. 403, 610), probably elsewhere in southern Arizona, September. Florida to southern Texas, southern Arizona, and south to tropical America. Birdpepper, chillipiquin. The very pungent berries are used as a condiment and medicinally as a local stimulant. 7. SOLANUM. NuiaGuTsHapDE Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, sometimes prickly; leaves petioled, entire to bipinnatifid, the pairs often very unequal in size; flowers mostly lateral (extra-axillary), solitary or in cymes; corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 5-toothed to 5-parted; anthers opening by apical pores or short slits; seeds numerous, more or less flattened. "37 Reference: Morton, C. V. NOTES ON THE GENUS SARACHA. Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 51: 75-78. 1938. 794. MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE A few of the species are troublesome weeds and the leaves and unripe fruits of several of them are reported to be poisonous, e. g., those of the black nightshade (S. mgrum), S. triflorum, S. elacagnifolium, and S. rostratum. An alkaloid, solanin, is the active principle. However, the fruits of the cultivated “wonderberry,” a form of S. nigrum, are used for making preserves and desserts. Key to the species 1. Fruit closely invested by the accrescent calyx, this densely armed with long, straight, very sharp, straw-colored spines; stems and leaves similarly armed; plants annual; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid (2). De Herbage and corolla not glandular, copiously stellate-pubescent, often also puberulent; leaf segments broad, very obtuse; corolla yellow, 15 to 25 mm: in diameter. 5.0)0 peer ile sie ee team 1. S. RosTRATUM. 2. Herbage and corolla glandular-puberulent, frequently also villous or hirsute with simple or forked, nonglandular hairs (3). 3. Corolla violet; leaf segments broadly ovate or obovate, very obtuse. . S. HETERODOXUM. 3. Corolla yellow; leaf segments linear or lanceolate, acute or acutish; spines, when fresh, nearly black at base_______---- 3. S. LUMHOLTZIANUM. 1. Fruit not invested by the calyx, or loosely so (4). 4. Herbage and calyx spiny, or if (exceptionally) unarmed, then densely and minutely whitish lepidote; corolla 20 to 30 mm. in diameter, purple, violet, or nearly white (5). 5. Leaf blades pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; spines up to 20 mm. long, often stout; stems and leaves copiously villous, the pubescence more or less glandular; plant annual; calyx loosely investing the fruit. S. SISYMBRIIFOLIUM. 5. Leaf blades oblong or lanceolate, entire to coarsely sinuate-dentate; spines not more than 5 mm. long, slender, sometimes wanting; stems and leaves densely and minutely whitish lepidote; plant perennial, with long, deep, creeping rootstocks; calyx not investing the fruit or very loosely investing 16 ati base. 22" eee 5. S. ELAEAGNIFOLIUM. 4. Herbage and calyx not spiny; pubescence never lepidote (6). 6. Plants with nearly globose tubers and long slender stolons; leaves pinnate, with 5 or more leaflets, some of these often very small: herbage pilose, usually sparsely so, with flat, simple, flaccid hairs; corolla 12 to 18 mm. in diameter (7). 7. Leaflets oval, ovate, or obovate; corolla angulately 5-toothed, normally Violet. oe eiy coe ea ee eae 6. S. FENDLERI. | 7. Leaflets narrowly lanceolate to broadly oblong-lanceolate; corolla | deeply 5-cleft, normally white; plant often very sparsely pubescent, or glabratec 222 =o. aah eee ae see ay ee ee 7. S. JAMESII. 6. Plants not tuberiferous or stoloniferous (8). 8. Corolla violet or lilac purple, rarely white, 20 to 30 mm. in diameter, angulately 5-lobed; peduncle shorter than the pedicels, the latter with a cupulate thickening at base; plant perennial, becoming some- what woody at base, puberulent or soft-pilose, sometimes copiously glandular but usually without glandular hairs; leaf blades ovate to oblong-lanceolate, entire or undulate, occasionally somewhat auriculate ati bases. 12 2 Se seen ee eee ae 8: 8. XANDE 8. Corolla white or whitish (sometimes tinged with purple), not more than 20 mm. in diameter, deeply 5-cleft; pedicels not cupulate at base or very obscurely so (9). 9. Flowers solitary or geminate (exceptionally in 3’s or 4’s), on slender, strongly deflexed pedicels, without an evident peduncle; stems, leaves, and calyx pubescent with stiff more or less spreading hairs; seeds radially rugose; plant annual; leaf blades ovate to oblong- lanceolate, entire or slightly repand_________ 9. S. DEFLEXUM. 9. Flowers commonly in cymes (sometimes solitary), these borne on peduncles nearly as long as to longer than the pedicels; pubes- cence of more or less appressed, or of soft and viscid hairs; seeds not radially rugose (10). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 795 10. Leaf blades deeply pinnatifid, with acute, triangular segments; plant annual, the pubescence appressed, almost scurfy; stems strongly decumbent or prostrate; cymes 1- to 3- (commonly 2-) flowered; corolla less than 10 mm. in diameter; berry green at {DUES Th eink” See ye Oe Se ae es a a 10. S. TRIFLORUM. 10. Leaf blades entire to sinuate-dentate (11). 11. Plant perennial, often suffrutescent, sparsely to densely cinere- ous-puberulent or short-pilose, the hairs mostly appressed or subappressed; corolla 10 to 18 mm. in diameter; berry com- monty: black at tmanturity—..-— =. - 11. §S. DOUGLASIL. 11. Plant annual; corolla not more than 8 mm. in diameter (12). 12. Stems and leaves viscid-villous; berry yellow at maturity. 12. S. VILLOSUM. 12. Stems and leaves sparsely puberulent, strigose, or glabrate; berry black at maturity_______._______- 13. S. NigRUM. 1. Solanum rostratum Dunal, Solan. Syn. 234. 1813. Androcera rostrata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 150. 1906. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, common on plains and at roadsides in the northern part of the State, perhaps introduced from farther east, July and August. North Dakota and Wyoming to Arizona and Mexico. Buffalo-bur. This species, believed to be the original host of the Colorado potato beetle, is considered a pest in range land. 2. Solanum heterodexum Dunal, Hist. Solan. 235. 1813. Kirkland, Yavapai County (Peebles et al. 7422), 4,000 feet, abun- dant at roadsides, October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The form occurring in Arizona is var. novomericanum Bartlett (Androcera novomericana Woot. and Standl.), which is described as being more densely pubescent and more spiny, and as having a larger corolla and stamens, than in typical S. heterodorum. It is stated that the spines are brownish yellow in the variety, olivaceous in the typical form. 3. Solanum lJumholtzianum Bartlett, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 44: 629. 1909. Patagonia, Santa Cruz County (Harrison and Fulton 8185), near Arivaca, Pima County (Kearney and Peebles 13775), 3,200 to 4,000 feet, sandy soil at roadsides, August to October. Southern Arizona and northern Sonora. The plants are about 0.6 m. (2 feet high), with long widespreading branches. 4. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Tabl. Encyl. 2: 25. 1793. Near the Boyce-Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Superior, Pinal County (McLellan), perhaps not established. Adventive from tropical America. The leaves resemble those of the watermelon. 5. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cay., Icon. Pl. 3: 22. 1794. Navajo County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,500 feet, fields and roadsides, May to September. Kansas and Colorado to Arizona and California, south to tropical America. White (or silver) horsenettle, bullnettle, trompillo. A troublesome weed in irrigated land, especially in the southern counties, difficult 796 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE and expensive to eradicate. The crushed berries are added to milk by the Pima Indians in making cheese. A protein-digesting enzyme, resembling papain, has been discovered recently in this plant. 6. Solanum fendieri A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2,22:285. 1856. Mountains of Greenlee, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 8,500 feet, rich soil in open pine forests, July and August. New Mexico and Arizona. 7. Solanum jamesii Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 227. 1828. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Yavapai Counties, 5,300 to 8,600 feet, mostly in coniferous forests, July and August. Colorado and Utah to Texas and Arizona. Wild-potato, a name applied also to S. fendleri. Both species are closely related to the cultivated potato and have similar, although much smaller tubers. The plants sometimes are found growing wild in the gardens of the Indians, who used them as food. The tubers are cooked by the Hopi with a saline clay, and are said to have been used by them also in making yeast. 8. Solanum xanti A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: S02 USnoe Southern Navajo, southern Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, and eastern Maricopa Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rocky slopes, usually in chaparral, April to August. Arizona, California, and Baja California. Purple nightshade. A showy plant when in flower. The copiously glandular form is var. intermedium Parish. S. xanti is very close to S. umbelliferum Esch., the latter being characterized by stellate pubescence. A specimen collected at Fort Apache, Arizona (Palmer 607), has some of the hairs forked, but otherwise resembles S. xanti. 9. Solanum deflexum Greenm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. B22 BOs WsO7. Salpichroa wrightti A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 231. 1878. Not Solanum wright Benth., 1861. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,500 feet, not infrequent. i in sandy soil, August and September, type of Salpichroa wright collected ‘‘on the Sonoita” (Wright 1692). Southern Arizona to Central America. The berries are milk white at maturity. 10. Solanum triflorum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 128. 1818. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Pinal and Yavapai Counties, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, roadsides, stream beds, July to Septem- ber. Canada to Kansas, Arizona, and southern California. The Hopi are reported to plant this species in hills with watermelons, believing that the growth of the latter is thus stimulated. 11. Solanum douglasii Dunal in DC., Prodr. 131: 48. 1852. Solanum arizonicum Parish, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 3, 7, WO, UO. Gila and Yavapai Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, also in the Grand Canyon, 1,500 to 6,000 feet, common on rocky slopes and in canyons, mostly in chaparral, March to October, type of S. arizonicum from Hot Springs, southern Yavapai FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 197 County (Toumey 397). Western New Mexico and Arizona to Oregon and southern California. 12. Solanum villosum Miull., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. Mogollon Escarpment, Coconino County (Collom 945), Paradise, Cochise County (Blumer 1768), Eloy, Pinal County, a weed in cotton fields (Peebles 13085), 1,400 to 6, ,800 feet, July to September. Sparingly adventive in the United States; intr oduced from Europe. 13. Solanum nigrum L., Sp. Pl. 186. 1753. Solanum interius Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 641. 1904. Coconino, Pinal, and Maricopa Counties, 1,000 to 6,000 feet, road- sides, not common,summer. Throughout the United States; probably introduced from Europe. 8. DATURA. *8 THORNAPPLE Coarse, weedlike herbs with ill-scented herbage; stems stout, mostly erect, branched; leaves petioled, the blades large, ovate, repand to pinnately lobed; flowers large and showy, short-peduncled, solitary in the forks of the stem, fragrant; calyx cylindric or prismatic, 5-toothed; corolla funnelform, purple to nearly white; fruit a large, globose or ovoid, normally prickly capsule. All parts of the plants are poisonous, containing various alkaloids, notably atropine (daturine). Children as well as horses, cattle, and sheep have been poisoned by D. stramonium, the common jimsonweed. The roots and other parts of D. meteloides are narcotic and are some- times eaten by the Indians, even the children, to induce visions, a dangerous practice. One of the effects is dilation of the pupil of the eye, the effect being similar to that of belladonna. Contact with these plants is reported to cause dermatitis in susceptible persons. Key to the species 1. Fruit erect, regularly dehiscent, 4-valved, ovoid; corolla not more than 10 cm. long, 5-toothed (2). 2. Spines of the fruit many, subequal, less than 10 mm. long, relatively slender, sometimes much reduced or wanting; leaf blades repand to coarsely sinu- ate-toothed; corolla 6 cm. long or longer, whitish or purple. D. STRAMONIUM. 2. Spines of the fruit relatively few, very unequal, the longer ones more than 10 mm. long, very stout; leaf blades usually pinnately lobed; corolla not more than 6 em. long, jovi ey ()(et Neyeps aes ee A ey QUERCIFOLIA. 1. Fruit nodding, bursting irregularly, globose or nearly so; leaf blades repand to sinuate-dentate (3). 3. Corolla broadly funnel-shaped, 5-toothed, 15 to 20 em. long; herbage canes- cent-puberulent; calyx 8 to 10 (rarely only 6) em. long; fruit puberulent, not viscid, with slender spines usually less than 1 em. long; seeds light RIROMITE WN GTi pe. ee She ee shee et So 3. D. METELOIDEs. 3. Corolla trumpet-shaped, 10-toothed, usually less than 15 em. long; herbage green, sparsely puberulent; calyx seldom more than 6 em. long; fruit viscid-pubescent, with relatively stout spines, the longer ones about igen iene: (sceas black: WHEN TIpe.—— 24. ek tL 4. D. pisconor. 1. Datura stramonium L., Sp. Pl. 179. 1753. Datura tatula L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 256. 1762. Tonto Creek, Gila County (Kearney ee Harrison 8364), Paradise, Cochise County (Blumer 2267), 5,500 feet, October. Naturalized 38 Reference: SAFFORD, W. E. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS DATURA. Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 11: 173-189. 1921. 798 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE throughout the United States; from South America or the Eastern Hemisphere. Jimsonweed. The form with herbage and flowers purplish (D. tatula) may also occur in Arizona. 2. Datura quercifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 7. 1818. Near Tombstone (Cochise County), Patagonia and Elgin (Santa Cruz County), 4,000 to 5,000 feet, October. Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. 3. Datura meteloides DC., Prodr.131: 544. 1852. Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 6,500 feet, roadsides and along ditches May to October. Colorado to Texas, Arizona, southern California and Mexico. Sacred datura. With its very large, trumpet-shaped, pale lavender flowers this plant is a conspicuous feature of the vegetation. It is used by the Indians for various medicinal purposes, the seeds, it is reported, being sometimes administered to prevent miscarriage. 4. Datura discolor Bernh., Neues Jour. Pharm. Trommsd. 26: 149. 1838. Pinal, Maricopa, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, seldom above 2,000 feet, roadsides and waste ground, autumn. Southern Arizona, southeastern California, and Mexico. 9. NICOTIANA. Tosacco Plants herbaceous or (one species) arborescent; leaves sessile or petioled, the blades entire or sinuate-margined ; inflorescence terminal, paniculate or racemelike; calyx 5-lobed; corolla tubular to salverform; capsule apically dehiscent, 2- or 4-valved; seeds small, very numerous. The leaves of many of the species beside NV. tabacum contain nicotine and were smoked by the Indians. WN. trigonophylla is still used for this purpose, chiefly on ceremonial occasions. Animals usually avoid these plants, but cases of poisoning in cattle, horses, and sheep have been reported. Tree-tobacco (N. glauca) contains an alkaloid, ana- basine, reported to be more efficacious than nicotine in killing certain species of aphid. Key to the species 1. Plant shrubby or arborescent; herbage glabrous and very glaucous; corolla yellow, tubular-funnelform, 25 to 50 mm. long, densely pubescent exter- nally, with a very short, erect limb; flowers diurnal; leaf margins entire or slightly undulate: 2.44054 toe ee eee ee ee 1. N. GLAUCA. 1. Plants herbaceous, annual or (in UN. trigonophylla) sometimes perennial and suffrutescent; herbage pubescent or puberulent, viscid, not at all glaucous; corolla white or greenish white, with a well-developed, more or less spread- ing limb (2). 2. Leaves mostly cordate- or auriculate-clasping, sessile or with short broad petioles; corolla rather copiously pubescent on the whole external sur- face, 15 to 25 mm. long; flowers diurnal_____ 2. N. TRIGONOPHYLLA. 2. Leaves not cordate or auriculate at base; corolla glabrous or very sparsely pubescent externally with hairs mostly confined to the throat and limb; flowers vespertine (8). 3. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, very unequal, the longer ones in fruit equal- ing or longer than the calyx tube; stem leaves mostly sessile, the blades prevailingly ovate or lance-ovate; corolla 10 to 18 mm. long. 3. N. CLEVELANDI. 3. Calyx lobes deltoid, nearly equal, all much shorter than the calyx tube; stem leaves mostly petioled, the blades prevailingly linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; corolla 20 to 40 mm. long_____-_ 4, N.ATTENUATA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 799 1. Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1828: 174. 1828. Greenlee, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Coun- ties, common below 3,000 feet, flowering nearly throughout the year. Texas to southern California; naturalized from South America. Tree-tobacco. Stems up to 4 m. (13 feet) high. A conspicuous plant in southern Arizona, along streams, ditches, and dry washes. 2. Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal in DC., Prodr. 131: 562. 1852. Nicotiana palmert A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 242. 1878. Practically throughout the State, 6,000 feet or (usually) lower, very common along sandy washes, flow ering the year around, type ‘of N. palmert from Willams River (Palmer 433). Western Texas to southern California and Mexico. The plant is sometimes perennial in southwestern Arizona. 3. Nicotiana clevelandi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 2': 242. 1886. Fort Mohave (Cooper 415), and rather frequent in southern Yuma County, 500 feet or lower, sandy washes, March and April. West- ern Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. 4. Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Pat oo eee eer I Almost throughout the State, 1,000 to 7,000 feet, common along streams and washes, May to September. Utah to Texas, Arizona, and California. 10. PETUNIA Plant annual, glandular-puberulent; stems prostrate and rooting at the nodes, diffusely branched, forming mats, leafy; leaves narrow, rather fleshy, seldom more than 1 em. long; flowers solitary, lateral, 4 to 6 mm. long; corolla funnelform, slightly irregular, with a purple limb and a whitish tube. 1. Petunia parviflora Juss., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Ann. 2: 216. 1803, Navajo County to Graham, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 5,000 feet, moist soil in beds of streams and muddy flats, April to September. Southern Florida to California, south to tropical America. : ‘The Arizona plant is a humble relative of the showy cultivated petunias, which are derived from 2 South American species, P. axillaris and P. violacea, and from hybrids between them. 110. SCROPHULARIACEAE. *® Figwort FAMILY Plants annual or perennial, a few shrubby, in some genera partially parasitic; leaves opposite or alternate, simple, the blades entire to pinnately parted; flowers perfect, very irregular to nearly regular; calyx 4- or 5- -toothed or -lobed; stamens inserted on the corolla “tube, commonly 4, in unequal pairs, a fifth stamen (staminode) often pres- ent but nonfunctional, or sometimes only 2 of the stamens perfect, or (in 1 genus) all 5 of the stamens perfect; style 1, the stigma entire or 2-lobed, the ovary superior, more or less completely 2-celled; fruit a 2-valved capsule; seeds usually many. 38 Reference: PENNELL, FRANCIS W. NEW SPECIES OF SCROPHULARIACEAE FROM ARIZONA. Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 438: 1-10. 1940. 286744°—42 51 800 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE A large and diverse family, comprising many plants that are culti- vated as ornamentals. The plants are mostly innocuous, but the Old World foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), often grown in the United States as an ornamental, is the source of the drug digitalis, a powerful cardiac stimulant. Key to the genera 1. Anther-bearing stamens 5; coroila nearly regular, rotate, yellow. 1. VERBASCUM. 1. Anther-bearing stamens 4 or 2 (rarely 5 in genus Penstemon); corolla usually distinetly irregular and bilabiate (2). 2. Corolla spurred, saccate, or gibbous on the lower side at base, mostly with a prominent palate in the throat; capsules not valvate, opening by pores near the apex, or bursting irregularly; leaves mostly alternate (3). 3. Perfect stamens 25 2. 222. Pe ee a ee 3. MoHAVEA. 3. Perfect stamens 4 (4). 4, Leaf blades broad, triangular-hastate, or reniform and deeply lobed. . 5. MauvRranpya. 4. Leaf blades ovate to linear, entire (5). 5. Corolla tube with a narrow spur at base____.__._____ 2. LiInartia. 5. Corolla tube merely gibbous or saccate at base__ 4. ANTIRRHINUM. 2. Corolla not spurred or saccate at base, without a prominent palate, some- times with ridges on the lower side of the throat; capsules opening by valves (6). 6. Upper lip of the strongly bilabiate corolla helmet-shaped, keeled, or deeply concave, erect; stamens 4 or 2 (7). 7. Anther cells equal, parallel, approximate; stamens 4 (8). 8. Leaves opposite; calyx 4-toothed, becoming bladderlike and veiny, completely enclosing the fruit and not filled by it. 23. RHINANTHUS. 8. Leaves mostly alternate or basal; calyx cleft on one or both sides, becoming distended, but not bladderlike or completely enclosing the! frig 2 eee eee ee ee 24. PEDICULARIS. 7. Anther cells unequal, separated, the outer one versatile, the inner one pendulous by its apex and mostly smaller, sometimes sterile or rudimentary; leaves alternate, commonly (at least the upper ones) more or less dissected (9). 9. Calyx mostly spathelike, 1-lobed (sometimes appearing 2-lobed when the opposite bract is similar); floral bracts and calyx not highly colored, sometimes dull purple; stamens 4 or 2. 21. CoRDYLANTHUS. 9. Calyx gamosepalous, tubular or tubular-campanulate; floral bracts and calyx (at least their tips) often brightly colored; stamens 4 (10). 10. Upper corolla lip (galea) very much longer than the small, 3- toothed or 3-keeled lower lip; calyx tubular, cleft above and below, the lips usually toothed or cleft; plants mostly perennial. 20. CASTILLEJA. 10. Upper corolla lip not, or not greatly, surpassing the inflated, sac- cate lower lip; calyx tubular-campanulate, equally 4-cleft, or cleft on one or both sides and the lips cleft or parted; plants amma” Pe ee eet eae eee ae 22. ORTHOCARPUS. 6. Upper lip of the corolla not helmet-shaped, keeled, or deeply concave (11). 11. Stamens 5, of these 4 anther-bearing and the fifth sterile; leaves oppo- site; corolla moderately to strongly bilabiate (12). 12. Plant a small annual; corolla with the midlobe of the lower lip deeply concave and enclosing the stamens; sterile stamen represented by a minute glandlike body near the base of the corolla tube. 6. CoOLLINSIA. 12. Plants perennial; lower lip of the corolla not with a concave lobe enclosing the stamens (13). 13. Sterile stamen represented by a scale, this partly adnate to the upper side of the corolla throat; corolla somewhat urceolate, broad and open, with little distinction of tube and throat. ScROPHULARIA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA SO1 13. Sterile stamen an elongate, often bearded filament not or not much shorter than the anther-bearing filaments; corolla large, showy, often bearded in the throat___-___________- 8. PENSTEMON. 11. Stamens 4 or fewer, without any rudiment of a fifth (14). 14. Anther-bearing stamens normally 2 (15). 15. Cells of the anthers separated by a relatively broad membrana- ceous connective; corolla whitish with a yellow tube; sterile stamens none or very rudimentary_________- 11. GrRaTIOLa. 15. Cells of the anthers contiguous at apex and often confluent; corolla blue, purple, or whitish (16). 16. Stems leafy; leaves opposite, at least below the inflorescence; flowers in relatively loose racemes; corolla nearly regular, 4-lobed, rotate or nearly so; stamens not or not conspicuously SPE EDR Bn ita ee ee 16. VERONICA. 16. Stems scapelike; cauline leaves alternate; flowers in very dense, cylindric, spikelike racemes; corolla very irregular, cleft nearly to the base; stamens and style conspicuously exserted Fo cae Sl ne SS hye rt eel ea 17. BESSEYA. 14. Anther-bearing stamens 4or (in genus Mimetanthe) exceptionally 2 (ty): . 17. Anthers 1-celled; calyx elongate, cylindric; corolla violet, with a long slender tube and scarcely any throat__ 19. BUCHNERA. 17. Anthers 2-celled or (in genus Limosella) 1-celled by conflu- ence (18). 18. Calyx prismatic, more or less tubular, 5-toothed and with 5 longitudinal ribs or plaits; corolla more or less distinctly bilabiate, often showy; stamens 4, all anther-bearing; stigma Beer WAGE ted eee ee 9. Minoc.vs. 18. Calyx not prismatic (19). 19. Corolla yellow; herbage pubescent (20). 20. Plant annual; herbage viscid-villous; calyx nearly equaling the corolla, campanulate; corolla less than 1 cm. long. 14. MIMETANTHE. 20. Plant perennial; herbage hispidulous; calyx much shorter than the corolla, turbinate; corolla about 2 cm. long. 18. GERARDIA. 19. Corolla white or purple or, if yellow, then the herbage glab- rous (21). 21. Anther cells confluent; corolla nearly regular, the tube campanulate; leaf blades entire____-__ 15. LimMosEua. 21. Anther cells distinct; corolla distinctly bilabiate, the tube cylindric; leaf blades not entire (22). 22. Divisions of the calyx unequal in width, the 3 outer ones much broader; herbage glabrous; anther cells of the 2 longer stamens divergent and stipitate. 13. Pacsstra. 22. Divisions of the calyx nearly equal in width, all narrow; herbage glandular-pubescent; anther cells of all of the stamens somewhat divergent and _stipitate; limb of the corolla violet purple (23). 23. Leaf blades denticulate to serrate; stems seldom less ing 20 em. lone. 10. Sremop1a. 23. Leaf blades pinnately parted, with narrow divisions; stems not more than 15cm. long___ 12. Conopera. 1. VERBASCUM. Movtuerv Plants herbaceous, biennial; stems tall, leafy; leaves sessile, clasp- ing or decurrent at base; flowers in elongate spikes or spikelike racemes; corolla yellow, with 5 rounded slightly unequal lobes; filaments (some or all of them) bearded; style flattened at apex. Coarse introduced weeds. The leaves and flowers of V. thapsus have been used medicinally. It is reported that the Hopi Indians dry and smoke them, mixed with Macromeria thurberi, in treatment of mental aberrations. 802 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Herbage densely woolly-tomentose throughout, not glandular; leaves all with entire or obscurely crenate margins, those of the stem oblanceolate, decurrent at base; flowers in long, thick, very dense spikes. V. THAPSUS. 1. Herbage loosely pilose, glandular in the inflorescence; lower leaves with den- tate-serrate margins, those of the stem lanceolate, clasping at base; flowers 1n,open, elongate, spikelikemacemies= as = anys aaa 2. V.VIRGATUM. 1. Verbascum thapsus L., Sp. Pl. 177. 1753. Flagstaff and Walnut Canyon (Coconino County), Prescott (Yava- pai County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, waste ground and roadsides, summer. Widely distributed in North America; naturalized from Europe. 2. Verbascum virgatum Stokes in Withering, Bot. Arrang. Veg. Brit. ed. 2, 1: 227. 1787. Flagstaff (Coconino County), Chiricahua and Mule Mountains (Cochise County), 6,000 to 7,000 feet, waste land, late summer and faJl. Here and there in North America; adventive from Europe. 2. LINARIA. ToapFriuax Plants herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so, flaxlike in habit and foliage; flowering stems erect, simple or few-branched, leafy; leaves sessile, narrow, entire; flowers in terminal racemes; cor olla strongly bilabiate, with a long slender basal spur (this rarely obsolete), and a prominent palate in the throat; capsule opening near the apex by pores or chinks. Key to the species 1. Plant perennial; racemes dense; corolla yellow with an orange-colored palate, 25'to 30mm long seeds) wangeds 2 =e ae ee eee ee I: Le vorearis. 1. Plant annual or biennial, with short sterile basal shoots; racemes slender, becoming elongate; corolla bright blue, not more than 10 mm. long; seeds Wingless25_ 52. Usa 2s rel Sea eer Aa er eee 2. L. CANADENSIS. 1. Linaria vulgaris Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 1. 1768. Flagstaff, Coconino County (Deaver 909). Widely distributed in waste ground in North America; naturalized from Eurasia. Common toadflax, often called butter-and-eggs. 2. Linaria canadensis (L.) Du Mont de Cours, Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802. Antirrlinum canadense L., Sp. Pl. 618. 1753. Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 5,200 feet, plains and mesas, February to May. Throughout most of North America; South America. Represented in ’ Arizona by var. terana (Scheele) Pennell (L. texana Scheele), a relatively large-flowered form. 3. MOHAVEA Plants annual, viscid-villous; leaves alternate, petioled, the blades narrowly to broadly lanceolate, entire; flowers in leafy spikes or racemes; corolla pale or bright yellow, with a short tube and an ample ee the lower lip with a relatively small palate, spotted with red or purple. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 803 Key to the species 1. Corolla 25 to 35 mm. long, pale yellow, conspicuously marked with numerous, commonly linear, purple spots, the lower lip shallowly cleft (not nearly down to the palate) ; stems Wp t0730 ems long: =2 2 = 2: _ 1. M. cONFERTIFLORA. 1. Corolla 15 to 20 mm. long, bright yellow, rather inconspicuously marked with few, reddish-brown spots, the lower lip deeply cleft pee to the palate) ; stems not more than 15 em. hoger nes Stat oy 7 eF 2. M. BREVIFLORA. 1. Mohavea confertiflora (Benth.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 8: 48. 1912. Antirrhinum confertiflorum Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 592. 1846. Mohave and Yuma Counties, 2,000 feet or lower, locally abundant in sand and on stony talus-slopes, February to April. Nevada, western Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. 2. Mohavea breviflora Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 168. 1893. Northern Mohave County, near Beaver Dam (Kearney and Peebles 13225), and 20 miles south of Boulder Dam (Kearney and Peebles 11230), 1,800 feet or lower, dry sandy or stony slopes, April. Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and southeastern California. 4. ANTIRRHINUM.“ Swappracon Plants annual or biennial; stems erect or twining; leaves (at least the upper ones) alternate, the blades entire; flowers axillary, solitary or in leafy terminal racemes; corolla strongly bilabiate, with a promi- nent palate in the throat. The popular garden snapdragon (A. majus L.) is a native of southern Europe. Key to the species . Stems climbing by the filiform, tendrillike peduncles, these commonly at least 3cm. long; herbage villous or lanate at base of thestem, otherwise glabrous blades of the lower leaves oblong-ovate, of the upper ones narrowly lanceo- late or linear; corolla bright yellow, conspicuously saccate at base; seeds very irregularly corky- tuberculate and winged_______________-_ i: VAs FIRE PES: 1. Stems not climbing, commonly erect; corolla not yellow (2). 2. Herbage not viscid-pilose, elandular- puberulent in the inflorescence and sparsely lanate at base of the stem; leaf blades lanceolate or linear; corolla white with purple veins; capsule oblique; seeds somewhat winged. 2 A. KING: 2. Herbage copiously viscid-pilose throughout; leaf blades ovate (38). 3. Flowers subsessile or on pedicels shorter than the calyx; corolla rose purple and white (drying violet); capsule nearly globose, not oblique, somewhat didymous, rounded or depressed at apex; seeds 1 mm. or more in greatest diameter, with an elliptic or orbicular, deeply cup- shaped wing much larger than the body,s 322 3. A. CYATHIFERUM. 3. Flowers mostly on pedicels as long or longer than the calyx; corolla violet; capsule oblong- lanceolate or narrowly ovate in outline, very oblique, not at all didymous, attenuate at apex; seeds minute, much less than 1 mm. in greatest diameter, sharply ribbed and muricate; flowers NAR Tn) ppiter eee ae oe ee eh 4. A. NUTTALLIANUM. 1. Antirrhinum filipes A. Gray in Ives, Colo. Riv. Rpt. 19. 1860. Pinal, Maricopa, Mohave, and Yuma Counties, 2,500 feet or lower, sandy plains and slopes, Febr uary and March, type from above F ort Mohave, Mohave County (Newberry in 1858). Southern Utah and western Arizona to southeastern California. 40 Reference’ Munz, PHILIP A. THE ANTIRRHINOIDEAE-ANTIRRHINEAE OF THE NEW WORLD. Calif. Acad. Sei. Proce. ser. 4, 15: 323-397. 1926. 804 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE *2. Antirrhinum kingii S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: Dike. sates gale This plant is not known definitely to occur in Arizona, but the var. watsont (Vasey and Rose) Munz has been collected in northwestern Sonora. 3. Antirrhinum cyathiferum Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 40. 1844. Pinal and Yuma Counties, 1,700 feet or lower, usually on stony talus slopes, preferring partial shade, January to March. South- western Arizona, northwestern Sonora, and Baja California. 4. Antirrhinum nuttallianum Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 592. 1846. Pinal and Pima Counties, 3,800 feet or lower, canyons, March and April. Southwestern Arizona, southern California, and Baja Cali- fornia. ; A form with most of the flowers nearly sessile was collected by L. N. Goodding in the Baboquivari Mountains. 5. MAURANDYA Perennial herbs of diverse habit; stems twining or procumbent; leaves alternate, petioled, the blades coarsely toothed or lobed; corolla bilabiate, with or without a palate; filaments pubescent, often bearing tack-shaped glands; capsule irregularly dehiscent near the apex. Key to the species 1. Plant densely viscid-villous throughout; stems prostrate, matted, stout, very brittle; leaf blades cordate or reniform, wider than long, coarsely several- toothed; calyx lobes triangular-ovate; corolla pale yellow, with a narrow cylindric tube scarcely expanded at apex, the throat open, without a palate. 1. M. AcERiFOLIA. 1. Plant glabrous throughout; stems climbing by the tendrillike petioles and peduncles, slender, not brittle; leaf blades triangular-hastate, often also cordate; calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate; corolla violet purple or carmine (exceptionally white), with a short tube expanded into a wide, campanu- late throat, the latter partly closed by a large hairy palate. 2. M. ANTIRRHINIFLORA. 1. Maurandya acerifolia Pennell, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour.19: 69. 1929. Eastern Maricopa County, side canyons along Salt River, about 2,000 feet, shaded rock ledges and cliffs, the stems often hanging, March to May, type from Fish Creek Canyon (Peebles et al. 5246). Known only from southern central Arizona. 2. Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humb. and Bonpl. in Willd., Hort. Berol. pl. 83. 1807. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), and Mohave County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,500 to 6,000 feet, common on stony slopes usually among shrubs, April to October. Western Texas to southeastern California and southward. The showy snapdragonlike flowers make this plant well worth cultivating. It is well suited to growing on trellises. There are 2 sharply distinct color forms, lilac or pale violet and rose red. 6. COLLINSIA A small annual herb; stems decumbent or erect, widely branched; leaves opposite, the blades oblong to narrowly lanceolate or spatulate; ‘1 Reference: NEwsoM, VERA M. “A REVISION OF THE GENUS COLLINSIA. Bot. Gaz. 87: 260-301. 1929. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S05 flowers axillary, mostly in whorls, the lower flowers often solitary; corolla small, blue and white, deeply 2-lipped; filaments glabrous; capsule few-seeded. 1. Collinsia parviflora Dougl. ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1082. 1827. Gila and Yavapai Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, moist soil along streams, February to May. Canada to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Miss Newsom doubtfully refers to this species a collection in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 3073) in which “the corolla-throat is open, the upper lip not at all reflexed, the tube slender and not gibbous, and the plant quite conspicuously glandular.” 7. SCROPHULARIA. Fieagwort Coarse perennial herbs; stems tall, erect or nearly so, leafy; leaves opposite, petioled, the blades ovate to lanceolate, serrate or laciniate; flowers numerous, small, in ample loose terminal panicles; corolla greenish or dull red, short and broad, short-lobed; capsule 2-valved; seeds many. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades (at least the lower ones) prevailingly triangular-ovate and cordate at base, coarsely and irregularly, often doubly, dentate or laciniate. . S. CALIFORNICA. 1. Leaf blades prevailingly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly truncate, cuneate, or subcordate at base, usually more evenly and shallowly serrate- dentate onicrenatelsinis saeoimics cee ri oli pion. 2. S. PARVIFLORA. 1. Scrophularia californica Cham., Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. Pinal Mountains, Gila County, about 4,000 feet (Harrison 2090), June. Central Arizona, Oregon, and California. Although from far outside the main area of this species, the speci- men cited closely resembles many from California and Oregon. 2. Scrophularia parviflora Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 173. 1913. : Scrophularia glabrata Davidson, South. Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 1: 26. 1902. Not of Aiton, 1789. Scrophularia davidsonii Pennell, Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 43: 8. 1940. Southern Coconino County and Hualpai Mountain (Mohave Coun- ty), to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, common in rich soil in coniferous forests, July to October, type of S. glabrata from Metcalf, Greenlee County (Davidson in 1902). Western New Mexico and Arizona. The stems reach a height of 1.2 m. (4 feet) or more. This species apparently intergrades, in Arizona, with S. californica Cham., which it resembles in its relatively lax inflorescence, but is more like S. lanceolata Pursh in the shape of the leaves. The type of S. glabrata, as compared with the type of S. parviflora, has the herbage more finely puberulent, the leaves thinner and more coarsely toothed, and the flowers smaller (barely 5 mm. long). 806 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 8. PENSTEMON. BeEarRDTONGUE Contributed by Davap D. KrcK Perennial herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite, the upper ones sessile; flowers showy, paniculate; calyx 5-parted; corolla tubular, usually somewhat ventricose, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3- cleft; fertile stamens 4, paired, with arching filaments; sterile filament (staminode) attached to the upper side of the corolla at the junction of the tube and the throat, extending downward and forward; anthers 2-celled, the cells often confluent; capsule septicidal; seeds numerous, angled. ees plants mostly flower in spring or early summer and are often very showy. One may expect them in light, dry, neutral soils in eroded or mountainous regions throughout the State and at all elevations, although few species are found on the deserts. Some use has been made of them for ornamental plantings, which, on account of the wide range of growth habits and colors available, offer greater opportunities than have been realized thus far. Otherwise, the species are of insignificant economic importance, although many of them are browsed, especially the shrubby, evergreen P. microphyllus. The name of the genus is usually spelled Pentstemon. Key to the species 1. Corolla scarlet, carmine, yellow, or (in P. parryi) rose magenta (2). 2. Corolla sulphur yellow, strongly bilabiate, 10 mm. wide; fertile filaments strongly pubescent at base; shrub up to 2 m. high; leaf blades less than 2 cm. long, usually elliptic; staminode densely long-bearded. 1. P. MICROPHYLLUS. 2. Corolla scarlet to carmine, rarely orange or rose; fertile filaments glabrous (3). 3. Calyees and pedicels obviously glandular-pubescent; corolla strongly bilabiate (4). 4. Leaves filiform, 1 mm. wide, crowded; anthers dehiscent throughout, explanate; plant woody below; corolla scarlet__ 2. P. PINIFOLIUS. 4, Leaves much wider, not crowded; anthers not explanate (5). 5. Anther sacs broad, dehiscent from apex to base; leaves linear-attenu- ate; stems more or less densely puberulent below the inflorescence, entirely herbaceous; coroila orange to dull red. 3. .P. LANCEOLATUS. 5. Anther sacs narrow, dehiscent across their contiguous apices for less than half their length, the lower portion saccate; leaves linear- oblanceolate; stems glabrous below the inflorescence, often slightly woody near the base; corolla bright red. 4. P. BRIDGESII. 3. Calyces and pedicels glabrous or puberulent, at most very obscurely glandular; plants strictly herbaceous (6). 6. Corolla strongiy bilabiate, the prominent lower lip refiexed, the upper lip projecting, scarlet; stems tall, virgate_____5. P. BARBATUS. 6. Corolla obscurely bilabiate, the lips about equally erect or spreading (7) 7. Anther sacs dehiscent only part way from the free tips, not ex- planate; corolla glabrous, scarlet; herbage not at all glaucous. P. EATONI. 7. Anther sacs dehiscent throughout and explanate (8). 8. Corolla glabrous throughout, narrowly tubular, the limb very narrow, scarlet; herbage green or glaucescent; cauline leaves linear-lanceolatet= ==. Se" sean see eee 7. P. SUBULATUS. 8. Corcella glandular externally and internally, the limb broad and flaring; herbage glaucous (9). 9. Glands on the corolla sessile; throat tubular; staminode glabrous (rarely obsoletely bearded); corolla carmine; cauline leaves lance-oblong; northern Arizona. P. UTAHENSIS, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA SO7 9. Glands on the corolla stalked; throat somewhat ampliate; staminode bearded; southern Arizona (10). 10. Corolla 15 to 20 mm. long, rose magenta, rather broadly funnelform; cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate to lance-oblong, not blackening on drying. 9. P. PARRYI. 10. Corolla 20 to 25 mm. long, carmine to scarlet, narrowly funnelform; cauline leaves broadly ovate to oblong- ovate, large, blackening on drying-_ 10. P. SUPERBUs. 1. Corolla whitish, pink, lavender, blue, or blue purple (never scarlet, carmine, or vellow) or, if reddish, then the leaves toothed (11). 11. Leaves, at least a few of them, toothed, sometimes (in P. jamesii) very obscurely so; corolla g'andular externally (12). 12. Blades obscurely denticulate, none perfoliate; plants not glaucous, less than 60 em. high; calyx lobes lance-oblong to attenuate, 7 to 12 mm. long; inflorescence glandular-pubescent; corolla purple or blue purple (13). 13. Corolla villous but not glandular within, the lower lip projecting, exceeding the upper lip; staminode bearded only apically; anther sacs dehiscent throughout but not explanate through the connective. 11. P. WHIPPLEANUS. 13. Corolla glandular within, the lower lip reflexed, about equaling the upper lip; staminode bearded most of its length; anther sacs peltately explanate (14). 14. Leaves large, ovate, obviously toothed; corolla more than 35 mm. long, the throat abruptly much inflated, not villous within. 12. -P. coBaza. 14. Leaves smaller, linear-oblanceolate, some of them obscurely toothed, usually many of them entire; coroila up to 22 mm. long, the inflated throat villous within_______________- 13. P. JAMESI. 12. Blades conspicuously toothed, the uppermost leaves connate-perfoliate; plants glaucous or glaucescent (often green in one subspecies of P. pseudospectabilis), 60 to 140 cm. high; calyx lobes mostly ovate, 4to 6 mm. long (15). 15. Corolla abruptly inflated from a tube not longer than the calyx, strongly bilabiate, 10 to 20 mm. wide, white tinged with pink; staminode long-bearded, exserted, uncinate_.____________ 14. P. PALMERI. 15. Corolla gradually inflated from a tube twice longer than the calyx, nearly regular, narrower, deep pink to rose purple; staminode included or barely exserted, straight (16). 16. Throat of the corolla definitely ventricose, 9 to 12 mm. wide; in- florescence usually leafy below, frequently interrupted by long PRECECR . we Mepes os mo Sal el ye bee Ee ieee 2 15. P. cLuTet. 16. Throat of the corolia moderately ampliate, 6 to 9 mm. wide; in- - florescence not leafy, rarely interrupted (17). 17. Staminode glabrous; throat not villous at the lower lip; anther sacs scarcely as long as wide____ 16. P. PSEUDOSPECTABILIs. 17. Staminode bearded; throat sparsely villous at the lower lip; anther Sues Jonper than wiles! A.0 2 60) 2 Se 17. -P. BIcoLor. 11. Leaves always entire (18). 18. Herbage blue glaucous or obviously glaucescent, glabrous; leaves cori- aceous, lanceolate or wider; staminode bearded (19). 19. Corolla strongly bilabiate, lavender, the throat about 10 mm. wide, pilose at the orifice; inflorescence paniculate with long internodes, the divergent peduncles 1 to 3 ecm. long_____ 18. P. NuUDIFLORUs. 19. Corolla nearly regular, the throat 4 to 7 mm. wide; inflorescence an interrupted thyrse of verticillasters, the peduncles erect and very short, or suppressed (20). 20. Corolla nearly tubular, blue; verticillasters few-flowered and rather open, all very short-bracteate, the inflorescence appearing bare. 19. P. FENDLERI. 20. Corolla more or less ampliate; verticillasters dense, the lower ones prominently bracteate (21). 21. Staminode bearded most of its length with long fine pale-yellow hairs, not dilated; corolla deep blue purple, nearly glabrous at the orifice; calyx lobes acute, scarious-margined nearly through- out; cauline leaves mostly obtuse or rounded at apex. P. PACHYPHYLLUS. 808 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 21. Staminode bearded only at and near the apex with relatively short coarse deep-yellow hairs, dilated apically (22). 22. Corolla pinkish lav ender, glabrous throughout; calyx lobes acuminate, scarious-margined only at base; cauline leaves acuminales 22 ae EU Set ae ae 21. P. ANGUSTIFOLIUS. 22. Corolla bright blue, slightly pilose at the orifice; calyx lobes acute to short-acuminate, scarious-margined nearly to the apex; cauline leaves obtuse or rounded, mucronate. 22. P. LENTUS. 18. Herbage green or, if pubescent, then often grayish (more or less glauces- cent in P. comarrhenus) ; leaves mostly thin, relatively narrow (23). 23. Throat of the corolla 2-ridged within ventrally, the ridges densely hairy about the orifice; corolla relatively narrow (24). 24. Plants strongly cespitose, not more than 10 em. high, cinereous- puberulent; leaves up to 2 cm. long, mucronate; corolla narrowly funnelform, lavender purple (25). 25. Stems scarcely creeping; leaves cinereous-whitened with closely appressed hairs, oblanceolate, spatulate-oblong, or obovate; herbage of the inflorescence very obscurely viscid. P. THOMPSONIAE. 25. Stems widely creeping; leaves greenish with spreading hairs, in Arizona linear-oblanceolate to lance-obovate, smaller; herbage of the inflorescence more obviously viscid. 24. P. CAESPITOSUS. 24. Plants not cespitose, more than 10 em. high, not cinereous; leaves (at least the basal ones) more than 2 em. long, not mucronate (26). 26. Calyx and corolla glandular-puberulent, the latter pale blue, much paler on the strongly 2-ridged ventral portion, the lower lip exceeding’ the upper lipl!_22- 322" 7° 2552 Po oLnicanraus, 26. Calyx and corolla essentially glabrous, the latter moderately 2- ridged ventrally, the upper and lower lips subequal (27). 27. Leaves and calyx lobes prominently white-margined, thick; inflorescence conspicuously leafy; corolla pinkish, moderately ampliate; staminode glabrous___ 26. P. ALBOMARGINATUS. 27. Leaves not prominently white-margined, thin; calyx lobes more or less hyaline-margined; inflorescence scarcely leafy; corolla blue purple, tubular; staminode densely bearded (28). 28. Stems terminating rootstocks, arising from a basal rosette of leaves; verticillasters dense, the peduncles and pedicels obscure; calyx lobes oblong, caudate-tipped, rather prominently erose, 3.5 to 5.5 mm. long; corolla densely golden-bearded at the palatete 22 seas 24.) Po RYDEBRRGIL 28. Stems densely tufted from a subligneous caudex, leafy throughout but with no definite rosette at base; verticil- lasters looser, the peduncles and pedicels more obvious; calyx lobes ovate or obovate to rotund, very short-tipped, slightly erose, 2 to 3.5 mm. long; corolla lightly white- bearded at the palate: O22 eet areca 28. P. WATSONI. 23. Throat of the corolla rounded ventrally, lightly if at all hairy at the orifice (29). 29. Plants shrubby or decidedly suffrutescent (sometimes nearly herbace- can P. linarioides) ; leaves crowded, narrowly linear, mucronate (30). 30. Staminode bearded; corolla viscid-puberulent externally, the limb moderately expanded (31). 31. Corolla 14 to 24 mm. long, blue purple; leaves 8 to 20 (or 30) mm. long, not fleshy, grayish or greenish on both faces. 29. P. LINARIOIDES. 31. Corolla 10 mm. long, white tinged with lavender; leaves 5 to 8 (or 10) mm. long, fleshy, white-puberulent on the flat upper face, deep green and glabrous on the rounded lower face. 30. P. DISCOLOR. 30. Staminode glabrous; corolla glabrous externally, the limb much expanded (82). 32. Corolla blue purple (rarely pinkish) throughout, funnelform, 10 to 12 mm. long, the limb pubescent only at base of the lower lip, scarcely oblique, the throat not curved but ventricose; Stamens exserted’. 229. -0 ee Serer 31. P. THURBERL FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 809 32. Corolla pink, salverform, 14 to 16 mm. long, the limb white within, densely puberulent on all sides at the orifice, set obliquely on the curved throat; stamens included. 32. P. AMBIGUUS. 29. Plants strictly herbaceous; leaves not crowded or mucronate; corolla large, funnelform, strongly bilabiate (33). 33. Inflorescence glandular-pubescent; leaves all linear-attenuate; anther sacs obviously spinose-dentate along the suture; stami- node glabrous (34). 34. Herbage cinereous throughout; inflorescence densely glandular- pubescent, strict, racemose, the mostly 1-flowered peduncles erect; calyx lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, with entire, narrowly or obsoletely scarious margins; flowering mainly in ) CTT eta aie: ath Oe ae rea 33. P. DASYPHYLLUS. 34. Herbage glabrate; inflorescence very lightly glandular-puberu- lent, open, paniculate, the commonly 2- or 3-flowered pe- duncles divaricate; calyx lobes broadly ovate, with broad erose scarious margins; flowering in late summer. P. STENOPHYLLUS. 33. Inflorescence not at all glandular; anther sacs microscopically denticulate or glabrous along the suture (35). 35. Anther sacs glabrous or finely scabrid on the sides; inflorescence strict, secund (36). 35. Sacs of the anthers opening throughout, straight, opposite; staminode glabrous (except in the subspecies); lower lip bearded; leaves mostly linear in the Arizona plants (except in the subspecies) Ut Sa ae eee 35. P. VIRGATUS. 35. Saes of the anthers opening partially, curved, divaricate; staminode bearded; lower lip glabrous; leaves lanceolate. 36. P. LAEVIS. 35. Anther sacs villous on the sides (37). 37. Corolla pale blue, the tube nearly as long as the throat; lower peduncles divergent, bearing elongate pedicels; anthers usually nearly hidden by hairs____ 37. P.cOMARRHENUS. 37. Corolla Jeep blue, the tube much shorter than the throat; peduncles and pedicels appressed and short, the strict panicle secund; anthers less densely villous. 38. P. sSTRICTUS, 1. Penstemon microphyllus A. Gray, U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: TIGL O485 7; Penstemon plummerae Abrams, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 445. 1906. Gila and northern Pinal Counties to Mohave County, 1,800 to 5,000 feet, desert mountain ranges, often with junipers, April and May, type from Williams River (Bigelow in 1853-4), type of P. plummerae from Mineral Park, Mohave County (Lemmon in 1884). Southern and western Arizona, southern California, and northern Baja Cali- fornia. 2. Penstemon pinifolius Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. 1881. Known in Arizona only from the Clifton area (Greenlee County) and the Chiricahua and Swisshelm Mountains (Cochise County), rocky summits above 5,000 feet, summer, type from near Clifton (Greene in 1880). Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico. 3. Penstemon lanceolatus Benth., Pl. Hartw. 22. 1839. Mountains of Greenlee, Graham, and Cochise Counties, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, occasional, usually in rocky canyons, May and June. Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 810 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Penstemon bridgesii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 379. “USos: Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), south to the Sierra Ancha (Gila County), westward to Mohave and Yavapai Counties, 4,500 to 7,500 feet, occasional in the mountains among pinyons and ‘yellow pine, May to September. Southwestern Colorado and western New Mexico to California. 5. Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth, Cat. Bot. 3: 49. 1806. Chelone barbata Cav., Icon. Pl. 3: 22. 1794. Penstemon barbatus var. puberulus A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 114. 1859. Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), southward to the Mexican border, 4,000 to 10,000 feet, common in the mountains in coniferous or in oak woods, June to September. Southern Colorado and Utah to the central highlands of Mexico. The typical form, which is the prevalent one in Arizona, has the lower lip of the corolla bearded. The form with a glabrous lower lip, subsp. torreyi (Benth.) Keck (P. torreyz Benth.), is much less frequent than in Colorado and New Mexico. In northern Apache County one occasionally finds subsp. trichander (A. Gray) Keck (P. barbatus var. trichander A. Gray, P. trichander Rydb.), which differs only in having villous anthers. The species as a whole is variable as to the presence or absence of puberulence on the herbage, all gradations being found at random. Therefore var. puberulus A. Gray, founded on a collec- tion from Guadalupe Canyon, Cochise County (Thurber in 1851), is not retained. 6. Penstemon eatoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 8: B99.) (1872. Northern Arizona southward to Gila and northern Pinal Counties, 2,000 to 7,000 feet, common on mesas, in fields, and at roadsides, sandy or clay soils, March to June. Southwestern Colorado to central Arizona and California. Typical P. eatoni, glabrous throughout, is present only in the north- ernmost tier of counties but is abundant in Utah. The 2 more abun- dant forms in Arizona are marked by puberulent stems and leaves. One of these, subsp. wndosus (M. E. Jones) Keck (P. eatona var. undosus M. E. Jones, P. coccinatus Rydb., type from the Grand Can- yon, MacDougal 173), in which the stamens are included within the corolla or barely exserted, is frequent in southern Utah and northern Arizona, occasional in Gila and Pinal Counties. Southward, par- ticularly in Gila and Pinal Counties, the prevailing form is subsp. exsertus (A. Nels.) Keck (P. exsertus A. Nels., type from along Salt River, Nelson 10624, P. amplus A. Nels., type from Oak Creek Can- yon, near Sedona, A. and R. Nelson 2075), in which the stamens are long-exserted. A hybrid between P. eatoni subsp. exsertus and P. palmeri subsp. typicus, collected in Oak Creek Canyon, near Sedona (A. and R. Nelson 2076), has been named P. mirus A. Nels. 7. Penstemon subulatus M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 12: 63. 1908. Central Mohave County and Yavapai County to Graham, Pinal, and Maricopa Counties, 1,700 to 4,500 feet, stony hillsides, canyons, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S11 and mesas, nowhere abundant, March to May, type from Hackberry, Mohave County (Jones in 1903). Known only from central Arizona. This is the Arizona counterpart of the well-known scarlet-bugler (P. centranthifolius Benth.) of coastal California. It has the most slender corolla tube of all scarlet penstemons excepting the very distinct and shrubby P. pinifolius. 8. Penstemon utahensis Eastw., Zoe 4: 124. 1893. Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties, 4,000 to 6,500 feet, uncommon, canyons and mesas, March to May. ‘Southern Utah and northern ena to eastern California. 9. Penstemon parryi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 264. 1878. Penstemon puniceus A. Gray var. parryi A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 113. 1859. Penstemon shantzii A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 23: 270. 1936. Penstemon shantzii var. incognitus A. Nels., ibid. 25: 116. 1938. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 5,000 feet, mountain canyons and well-drained slopes, spring, type from the Gila River (Parry in 1852). Southern Arizona and Sonora. In favorable situations and seasons this plant produces from the base many erect stems up to 4 feet in length, bearing very showy flowers. The species is not uncommon, but the individuals are usually well scattered. 10. Penstemon superbus A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 17: 100. 1904. Penstemon puniceus A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 118. 1859. Not Lilja, 1843. Greenlee, Graham, and Cochise Counties, 4,000 to 5,200 feet, uncommon, rocky canyons and along washes, sandy or gravelly soils, April to May. New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua. a habit very similar to P. parryi, with which it apparently inter- orades. -11. Penstemon whippleanus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proes 62.73... 1862: Penstemon arizonicus Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 591. 1899. Penstemon stenosepalus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. Northw. Amer. PUD 1L42- F904. Penstemon metcalfer Woot. and Standl., Torreya 9: 145. 1909. San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), 10,400 to 11,500 feet, July and August, type of P. arizonicus from the crater of the San Francisco Peaks (MacDougal in 1898). Idaho to New Mexico and northern Arizona. The flower color of Arizona specimens is of the purple phase rather than lemon yellow or whitish, as it is occasionally elsewhere within the range of the species. 812 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 12. Penstemon cobaea Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 5: 182. 1837. Penstemon hanson A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 1: 129. 1926. Flagstaff (Coconino County), apparently escaped from cultivation or introduced (Hanson 709, the type of P. hansonii). Southeastern Nebraska to southern Texas. A showy plant, known in Texas as ‘‘foxglove,’ applied to the Old World Digitalis purpurea. 13. Penstemon jamesii Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 325. 1846. Apache County to Mohave and Yavapai Counties, 4,500 to 7,000 feet, frequent in sandy soils, in the pinyon-juniper and yellow-pine associations, May and June. Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah, western New Mexico, and northern Arizona. Typical P. jamesiz occurs east of the Continental Divide, in- New Mexico and western Texas. The staminode in this species is con- spicuously bearded and exserted. The Arizona form is_ subsp. ophianthus (Pennell) Keck (P. ophianthus Pennell, P. pilosigulatus A. Nels., type of the latter from Flagstaff, Hanson 554). The corolla is lavender, veined with darker purple. Subsp. breviculus Keck, of northwestern New Mexico and adjacent Colorado, may be looked for in the northeastern corner of the State. It lacks glandular pubes- cence within the corolla, which is only 14 to 16 mm. long and scarcely inflated. Penstemon pulchellus Lindl. is to be expected in Cochise County, being found in southwestern New Mexico. It has thin, finely serrate, lanceolate, nonperfoliate, essentially glabrous leaves, and abruptly much inflated, showy corollas. 14. Penstemon palmeri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: anos V8GSe | Coconino, Mohave, and Yavapai Counties, 3,500 to 6,500 feet, frequent in washes and at roadsides in the sagebrush and pinyon regions, May and June, type from Skull Valley, Yavapai County (Cowes and Palmer 228). Utah and Arizona to California. This is one of the handsomest species of Penstemon and is addition- ally notable for its delicate fragrance. The common form is subsp. typicus Keck, with calyces, pedicels, and peduncles glandular-pu- bescent; but in northernmost Mohave and Coconino Counties and adjacent Utah is found the subsp. eglandulosus Keck, in which these parts are glabrous (pl. 28). , a name properly Penstemon petiolatus T. S. Brandeg. is to be looked for in the northwestern corner of the State. Itisarare plant of the Beaver Dam Mountains, Washington County, Utah, and of southern Nevada, of low, shrubby habit (10 to 20 cm. high), and with dentate pruinose-puberulent leaves only 10 to 25 mm. long. 15. Penstemon clutei A. Nels., Amer. Bot. 33: 109. 1927. Coconino County, about 7,000 feet, very local in the region about Sunset Crater, northeast of Flagstaff, in volcanic cinders, June and July, type collected by W. N. Clute in 1923. Known only from Arizona. 16. Penstemon pseudospectabilis M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 2 GON EUS: Southern Coconino and Mohave Counties, southward and eastward to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 6,500 feet, open land, Misce!laneous Publication 423, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 28 Palmer penstemon (Penstemon County, altitude 5,600 feet. with pale pink flowers. palmert). Near Mingus Mountain, Yavapai One of the handsomest of Arizona penstemons, a ral i FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA $13 spring and summer, type from near Chemehuevi, Mohave County (Jones in 1903). Southwestern New Mexico to eastern California. A common and beautiful species, separable into western and eastern subspecies on the presence or absence of glands on the calyces and pedicels. In Mohave, Yuma, and western Pima Counties, and in California, is found subsp. typicus Keck, with the glands and with glaucous herbage. To the eastward grows the much more abundant, greener, and eglandular subsp. connatifolius (A. Nels.) Keck (P. connatifolius A. Nels., P. spectabilts Woot. and Standl., not of Thurb.). The type of the latter subspecies was collected on the Apache Trail, Gila or Maricopa County (A. Nelson 10314). A beautiful form, apparently a first generation hybrid between subsp. connatifolius and P. eatona subsp. exsertus, collected near Superior (A. Nelson 11262), has received the name P. crideri A. Nels. 17. Penstemon bicolor (T. 8S. Brandeg.) Clokey and Keck, South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 38: 12. 1939. Penstemon palmeri var. bicolor T. S. Brandeg., Univ. Calif. Pubs: Bot. 6: 360. . 1916. Portland Mine to Chloride, Mohave County, 2,400 feet (Kearney and Peebles 13163), spring, very rare. Southern Nevada and north- western Arizona. The Arizona form is subsp. roseus Clokey and. Keck. The typical form of the species has essentially white flowers and has been found only in Clark County, Nevada. The species as a whole is found associated with the creosotebush on outwash fans and plains. 18. Penstemon nudiflorus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 20: 7306421835. Coconino, Mohave, and Yavapai Counties, mountainous regions south of the Grand Canyon, 4,700 to 7,000 feet, dry slopes in yellow pine forests, uncommon, summer, type from near Flagstaff (Lemmon in 1884). Known only from north-central Arizona. 19. Penstemon fendleri Torr. and Gray, U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. AGM? 6: 005s. Soo: Cochise County, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, not common, April to June. Oklahoma and Texas to southeastern Arizona and Chihuahua. 20. Penstemon pachyphyllus A. Gray ex Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 770, 1066. 1917. Coconino and Mohave Counties, from the Kaibab Plateau south to Williams, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry slopes among yellow pine, pinyon, or juniper, May and June. Utah, Nevada, and northern Arizona. The species is represented in Arizona by subsp. congestus (M. E. Jones) Keck (P. congestus Pennell). Typical P. pachyphyllus, from the Uintah Basin, northern Utah, differs from this subspecies in having avery broad flaring corollalimb. Insubsp. congestus there is variation in the amount of pubescence on the orifice, in the color of the beard on the staminode, and in the size of the calyx lobes. 21. Penstemon angustifolius Nutt. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 738. 1814. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 5,000 to 6,500 feet, mesas and sandy grasslands, frequently on dunes, May and June. North 814 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Dakota and eastern Montana to Kansas, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. The Arizona form is subsp. venosus Keck, type from 12 miles north- east of Tuba, Coconino County (Peebles and Fulton 11877), found also in southern Utah and northwestern New Mexico. This is the western- most representative of the variable P. angustifolius, which, in typical form, grows.on the high plains east of the Continental Divide. This is replaced in southeastern Colorado, Kansas, and northern New Mexico by subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck (P. caudatus Heller), which intergrades completely with typical P. angustifolius. The Arizona form, subsp. venosus, is closely related to subsp. caudatus but is distinguished by pinkish-lavender instead of blue flowers, herbage not darkening appreciably in drying, and bracts of the inflorescence more prominently venose on botn sides. The Hopi Indians are reputed to make a medicine of the roots and call the plant ‘‘tci-eq-pi,”’ meaning snake plant. 22. Penstemon lentus Pennell, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 20: ao09. L920): Apache County, in the Lukachukai Mountains (Goodman and Pay- son 2882) and at Fort Defiance (HZ. Palmer 100), 6,000 to 8,700 feet, very rare, dry hills and mesas, usually in sandy soul, June. South- western Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. 23. Penstemon thompsoniae (A. Gray) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. o0s-090: clO09: Penstemon pumilus Nutt. var. thompsoniae A. Gray, Syn. Pe 6 927 BUSS: Kaibab Plateau and southward (Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, and Yavapai Counties), 4,800 to 7,000 feet, light soils with pinyon and juniper, May to June. Southern Utah, southeastern Nevada, and northern Arizona. 24. Penstemon caespitosus Nutt. ex. A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and -oci- Proe.46: 66." F862: Painted Desert and Grand Canyon regions (Navajo and Coconino Counties), 4,500 to 7,000 feet, sometimes on limestone soils, June to August. Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and northern Arizona. This variable species, which comprises some of the smallest known plants in the genus, is represented in Arizona by subsp. desertipicta (A. Nels.) Keck (P. desertipicti A. Nels., type from near Cameron, Coconino County, Hanson A177). 25. Penstemon oliganthus Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. 8. Natl. - Herbarium 16: 172. 1913. White Mountains (Apache County), 8,000 to 9,000 feet, loamy soil, July and August. Colorado, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona. A low herb with few stems arising from small rosettes, the flowers often somewhat declined. 26. Penstemon albomarginatus M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 2-260. L908: Near Yucca (Mohave County), 1,500 to 1,800 feet, rare, April and May. Southern Nevada, western Arizona, and eastern Cali- fornia. ~ FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S15 This singular species grows in drifting sand, into which many stems penetrate to connect with the long fleshy root. 27. Penstemon rydbergii A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 281. 1898. North rim of the Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Purchase 2902), moist soil, very rare, July, also in the Tunitcha Mountains, San Juan County, New Mexico, so probably in the same range in Apache County, Arizona. Southern Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. The calyx i in Arizona specimens is not glabrous as in the typical form but puberulent as in P. aggregatus Penneli, a common plant in Utah. The calyx lobes are likewise more like those of P. aggregatus, but otherwise the Arizona collection must be referred to P. rydbergit. The Arizona locality is distant from the main area of either species. 28. Penstemon watsoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2+: 267. 1878. Mokiak Pass, northern Mohave County (E£. Palmer 377), rare in Arizona. Common in the sagebrush and pinyon belts of Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. The plant is herbaceous throughout, with several moderately tall stems arising directly from a crownlike base without forming a basal rosette. The sepals are remarkably small, seldom exceeding 3 mm. in length. 29. Penstemon linarioides A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bobet 12a S50: Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Gila, and Yavapai Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, often on calcareous soil, June to August. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. Key to the subspecies and variety ft Leavedsprincipally oblanceolate: 45 Pts te 528) eC subsp. MAGUIREI. 1. Leaves essentially linear (2). PAMMeAVesEs la SlOus=es Ga. ST Vay? 2s RUSE aT var. VIRIDIS. 2. Leaves densely puberulent (8). 3. Hairs of the leaf fine, erect or retrorsely spreading_ __-_-__ subsp. SILERI. 3. Hairs of the leaf flattened, closely appressed (4). 4. Staminode sparsely bearded apically________ subsp. COLORADOENSIS. 4. Staminode more densely bearded, with longer hairs, for most of its length (5). 5. Stems ascending from a decumbent rootstock; leaves closely over- lapping, heathlike, mostly 1 cm. long-_ subsp. COMPACTIFOLIUS. 5. Stems strictly erect from a compact caudex; leaves more aes Rohay Svehla! 2 (Soe bos 8 eee et EE ee Ree eg oe ne subsp. TYPICUS Arizona is the center of greatest dagen in this-variable species, which comprises many subspecies that are both geographically and morphologically separable, but intergrade at their points of contact. Subsp. typicus Keck is found from Apache and Navajo Counties southward to Cochise County and east to New Mexico. Subsp. maguire. Keck is local in the Gila River Valley (Greenlee County) and in adjacent New Mexico. Subsp. compactifolius Keck is locally common in the Flagstaff region. Subsp. coloradoensis (A. Nels.) Keck grows at high elevations in the northeastern corner of the State, at Marsh Pass, N nyadD County (Harvey in 1937) and in the 286744°—42—_52 ‘ 816 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Lukachukai Mountains, Apache County (Goodman and Payson 2848), but is much more abundant in adjacent New Mexico and Colorado. Subsp. sileri (A. Gray) Keck is common from the Kaibab Plateau region (Coconino and Mohave Counties) to Yavapai County, and is occasional southeastward to Cochise County, also common in southern Utah. The var. viridis Keck is less frequent than subsp. sileri, but occupies the same range as far south as Gila County. 30. Penstemon discolor Keck, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 64: 379. 1937. Known only from the type locality, Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,100 to 7,000 feet, June and July, the type collected by Forrest Shreve (No. 5319). 31. Penstemon thurberi Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 73: os VSO. Leiostemon thurbert Greene, Leaflets 1: 223. 1906. Penstemon scoparius A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 1: 132. 1926. Mohave and Yavapai Counties, southeastward to Pima and Cochise Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, open sandy or stony slopes, March to June, type of P. scoparius from West Wells (Goodding 1037). New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Baja California. This species is ordinarily distinctly set off from the next, but there is some evidence of their mixing in west-central New Mexico. 32. Penstemon ambiguus Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 228. 1828. Navajo and Coconino Counties, 4,500 to 6,500 feet, open sandy mesas and grassland, rather common in the Painted Desert, summer. Kansas and Texas to Nevada and northern Arizona. The typical form of the species, with puberulent herbage, occurs farther east. The glabrous Arizona form, subsp. laewssimus Keck, ranges from southwestern Texas to Utah and Nevada. In the Hopi country it has been called ‘‘cow-tobacco.” 33. Penstemon dasyphyllus A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 112707 1859: Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,600 to 5,000 feet, open gravelly slopes, April and May and again in late summer. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and Chihuahua. 34. Penstemon stenophyllus A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 112. 1859. Penstemon rubescens A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proe, 19-92) 1883: Huachuca and Patagonia Mountains (Cechise and Santa Cruz Counties), 4,000 to 5,500 feet, open canyons and slopes, August and September. Southeastern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. The type of the species came from Sonora. The type of P. rubescens came from near Fort Huachuca, Cochise County (Lemmon) and was blue-flowered, although Gray mistook the color for red. The flowers of this and the preceding species are a rich violet blue when fresh. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S17 35. Penstemon virgatus A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 113. 1859. Penstemon putus A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 1: 131. 1926. Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, Graham, and Gila Counties, 5,000 to 11,000 feet, pine woodlands and mountain meadows, summer. New Mexico and Arizona. The corolla is marked with deep-purple guide lines within the throat and is usually pale violet; but throughout the range of the species occasional plants are found with white flowers. This color variation was the basis of P. putus, type from Black River, White Mountains (Goodding 1100). P. virgatus is a highly variable species as to leaf width, shape of the calyx lobes, presence or absence of puberulence, and size of the corolla, but only one geographic variant is significant, namely, P. virgatus subsp. arizonicus (A. Gray) Keck CP hallii var. arizonicus A. Gray). This form occurs in the White and Pinaleno Mountains, 9,000 to 10,000 feet, and differs from the species in having the staminode bearded, the leaves some- what broader and oblong-spatulate instead of merely linear-lanceolate, and the calyx lobes broadly scarious-margined and erose. Inter- orades occur between this form and the species. *36. Penstemon laevis Pennell, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 20: a4:7.°° 1920: Not rare just over the State line in Utah, e. g., in Kanab Canyon, and likely to be found in Coconino and Mohave Counties, May and June. This species has blue-purple flowers marked with guide lines as in P. virgatus, but its thyrsus is smewhat broader and more compact. Penstemon leiophyllus Pennell, very closely related to P. laevis but distinguished by a finely glandular-puberulent inflorescence and a usually glabrous staminode, may also be expected in Mohave and Coconino Counties, having been found in Utah within 10 miles of the Arizona State line. 37. Penstemon comarrhenus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: St.“ 4816. Betatakin Canyon, Navajo County (Wetherill 412), Laguna Canyon, Painted Desert (Clute in 1920), apparently very rare. Western Colorado, Utah, and northeastern Arizona. 38. Penstemon strictus Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 324. 1846. Lukachukai Mountains, Skeleton Mesa, Segi Canyon, north of Marsh Pass (Apache and Navajo Counties), about 8,000 feet, un- common, June and July. Southern.Wyoming to northern New Mexi- co, northeastern Arizona, and Utah. The Arizona specimens are slightly puberulent, instead of glabrous, at the very base of the stem and so may be referable to subsp. angustus Pennell. From the Coconino National Forest north of Flagstaff came a single collection (Stone 363) of subsp. strictiformis (Rydb.) Keck (P. strictiformis Rydb.), a form otherwise limited to south- western Colorado, characterized by lanceolate scarious-margined sepals up to 10 mm. long, and broadly lanceolate upper cauline leaves. 818 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 9. MIMULUS.#2 MonKkryrLowER Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; stems leafy or scapose; leaves opposite or basal, sessile or petioled, the blades entire or dentate; flowers in leafy terminal racemes, or axillary and solitary, often showy; calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-angled, sometimes bilabiate; corolla bilabiate or nearly regular, with a pair of longitudinal ridges on the lower side of the throat; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes separate or united; capsule usually longitudinally debiscent (2-valved); seeds numerous. Many of the species have showy, handsome flowers, and some of them are in cultivation. Most of the Arizona species grow in wet soil. Key to the species 1. Corolla normally scarlet or carmine, 3 to 5.5 em. long, bilabiate, the upper lip erect; plants perennial, with creeping rootstocks, loosely villous and some- what viscid with flaccid hairs; leaf blades sessile with a somewhat clasping base, sharply dentate or serrate; pedicels nearly as long as to much longer than the subtending leaves; calyx tubular-obconic, the teeth nearly equal; stamens exserted (2). 2. Plant stoloniferous; stems not more than 20 cm. Jong, procumbent or pros- trate; leaf blades commonly obovate; corolla tube moderately to greatly surpassing: the) Calica ee ee: Pe Yee eae ee 1. M. EASTWOODIAE. 2. Plant not stoloniferous; stems usually at least 30 cm. long, erect or ascend- ing; leaf blades commonly oblong, oblong-ovate, or rhombic-elliptic. M. CARDINALIS. 1. Corolla not scarlet or carmine, less than 3 em. long or, if longer, then bright yellow and usually spotted with red (8). 3. Pedicels not more than one-third as long as the calyx; plants annual; stems not more than 25 cm. long, erect or ascending, usually branching from the base; leaf blades entire or nearly so; corolla 15 to 25 mm. long, with a narrow tube and throat and a spreading limb; stamens included; plants of dry, gravelly slopes (4). 4. Corolla distinetly bilabiate, yellow, sometimes tinged or spotted with reddish purple; plant glandular-puberulent; leaf blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic; anthers glabrous__ 3. M. PparRrRyt. 4. Corolla nearly regular, mallow pink, with a yellow tube and usually a bright yellow patch in the throat; plant villous, usually viscid; leaf blades lanceolate to broadly ovate or obovate; anthers usually his- pidualo ssc. 63 Se kL SN ee els 4. M. BigELovi. 3. Pedicels nearly as long as, to much longer than, the calyx; plants of moist soil (5). 5. Fruiting calyx strongly asymmetric, the upper tooth much longer than the others; corolla distinctly bilabiate, yellow, the throat often spotted with red (6). 6. Fruiting calyx open; plants perennial; stems glabrous or very nearly so, strongly decumbent to creeping and rooting at the nodes; corolla (to) Lo mmislongenC)e 7. Stems slender, less than 10 cm. long, closely matted; leaf blades pilose with white, subappressed hairs, less than 10 mm. long, flabelli- form or suborbicular, usually shallowly erenate or dentate; corolla lobes denticulate or somewhat laciniate. 5. M. DENTILOBUS. 7. Stems relatively stout, commonly more than 10 em. long, not matted or very loosely so; leaf blades glabrous or sparsely pilose, 10 to 40 mm. long; corolla lobes mostly entire__-- __- 6. M. GLABRATUS. 6. Fruiting calyx more or less closed by the connivent teeth; stems usually erect or ascending; stems and Jeaves more or less pubescent in the inflorescence, commonly glabrous or glabrate below; leaf blades mostly denticulate to sharply and coarsely dentate (8). 42 Reference: GRANT, ADELE JL. A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MIMULUS. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 11: 99-388. 1924. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 81S 8. Plant usually perennial, with a rootstock or stolons, or with the flowering stems rooting at the lower nodes; fruiting calyx only partly closed by the infolding of the lower teeth, the upper tooth commonly less than 3 times as long as the others, usually slightly ascending; corolla seldom less than 2 and up to 4 em. long. 7. M. eurratus 8. Plant usually annual; fruiting calyx almost completely closed, the upper tooth 3 or more times as long as the others, horizontal or nearly so; corolla commonly less than 2em.long__8. M. NaAsuTws. 5. Fruiting calyx not strongly asymmetric, the upper tooth not or barely longer than the others; corolla only slightly bilabiate, not more than 20 mm. iong (9). 9. Calyx becoming much inflated, not strongly prismatic, campanulate in fruit; plant annual, viscid-villous; leaves mostly distinctly petioled, much shorter than the internodes, the blades broadly ovate, dentate or denticulate; corolla 7 to 15 mm. long, narrowly funnelform, yellow, the throat dotted or streaked with red, sometimes obscurely Se ee ee ee. eee eee _______9. M. FLORIBUNDUS. 9. Calyx not becoming much inflated (except as distended by the enlarging ‘capsule), strongly prismatic, narrowly obconic in fruit, often with conspicuous, dark-colored ribs; leaves ‘sessile or nearly so, the blades entire or shallowly dentate; corolla lobes usually emarginate or obeordate (10). 10. Plant perennial, with filiform stolons or underground rootstocks and bulbils, scapose to subcaulescent with very short internodes (the stems up to 10 cm. long and bearing none to several pairs of leaves), glabrous or sparsely (seldom copiously) viscid-villous; flowers solitary on erect filiform pedicels much surpassing the leaves; leaf blades elliptic, oblanceloate, or obovate; corolla 8 to 20 mm. long, broadly funnelform, yellow, sometimes spotted with reddish brown on the lobes and throat_________- 10. M. PRIMULOIDEs. 10. Plants annual, caulescent, glandular-puberulent; stems commonly much-branched from the base, with well-developed internodes; leaf blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly oblong; corolla 5 to 10 mm. long (11). 11. Stems up to 7 em. long; leaves crowded, nearly as iong as to much longer than the internodes; pedicels 3 to 9 mm. long; calyx teeth not ciliate; corolla yellow; stigma lobes unequal. M. SUKSDORFII. 11. Stems up to 20 em. long; leaves not crowded, much shorter than the internodes; pedicels 6 to 20 mm. long; calyx teeth usually ciliate; corolla yellow, or with a pink limb; stigma DEES AE TT ea a we hres Rr, SEN 12. M. RUBELLUS. 1. Mimulus eastwoodiae Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 40: 483. 1913. Navajo Indian Reservation (Apache and Navajo Counties), 6,000 to 7,000 feet, wet caves and recesses In rock walls. Southeastern Utah and northeastern Arizona. Insufficiently known, perhaps only a variety of M. cardinalis. 2. Mimulus cardinalis Dougl. ex Benth., Scroph. Indic. 28. 1835. Grand Canyon i@eeanina County) and Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,800 to 8,000 feet, along streams usually aH shade, April to October. Utah to Oregon, ‘south to northwestern exico. Crimson monkeyflower. The large bright orange-red or scarlet flowers are very conspicuous. The var. verbenaceus (Greene) Kearney and Peebles (M. verbenaceus Greene) with the corolla tube nearly twice as long as the calyx (only moderately exserted in the typical form) occupies the same range as the latter in Arizona and is about equally common. A yellow-flowered specimen was collected near Lake Mead, Mohave County (Clover 4273). 820 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Mimulus parryi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: 97. 1876. Eunanus parryi Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1: 104. 1885. Near Littlefield, northwestern Mohave County, about 2,000 feet (Maguire 5003, 5005). Virgin River region, southwestern Utah and northwestern corner of Arizona. 4, Mimulus bigelovii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: 96. 1876. Eunanus bigeloviit A. Gray, U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: IPA rev ove Mohave County, from Fort Mohave to Boulder Dam, 500 to 2,300 feet, open sandy places, February to April. Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and southern California. This small plant, with its disproportionately large, beautifully colored flowers, is well worth cultivating. 5. Mimulus dentilobus Robins. and Fern., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc: 303120) Meo: Mimulus parvulus Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 171. 1913. Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County, 4,500 feet (Thornber 505, etc.). Southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Sonora. Thornber’s specimens correspond to the descriptions of M. dentilobus in the character of the pubescence, but seem otherwise more like M. glabratus. 6. Mimulus glabratus H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 370. 1818. Sacaton (Pinal County), Chiricahua Mountains, and near Bisbee (Cochise County), 1,300 to 5,500 feet, June. Michigan to Manitoba, south to Texas, Arizona, and Central America; South America. Most of the Arizona specimens belong to var. fremontii (Benth.) Grant (M. geyeri Torr.), distinguished from the typical form by having nearly orbicular leaf blades, these cuneate to subcordate at base, with the margin entire or merely denticulate. The specimen collected at Sacaton doubtless grew from seed brought down the Gila River from farther east. 7. Mimulus guttatus DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 127. 1813. Mimulus prionophyllus Greene, Leaflets 1: 190. 1905. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,300 to 8,000 feet, abundant in springy places and along brooks, March to September, type of M. prionophyllus from Willow Spring, Apache County (Palmer 527). Montana to Alaska, south to northern Mexico. A conspicuous plant with showy yellow flowers, sometimes used for salad and greens. Several forms, closely related to M. guttatus and represented by specimens collected in Arizona, are regarded by Pennell as specifically distinct (see footnote 39, p. 799, Pennell, pp. 4-6). These are: M. unimaculatus Pennell, type from Sierra Ancha, Gila County (Harrison 7892); M. cordatus Greene, from the Chiricahua Mountains and from near Tucson: M, puberulus Greene, from the Lukachukai Mountains, y FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 821 Apache County; and M. maguirei Pennell, type from near Williams, Coconino County (Maguire et al. 12214). 8. Mimulus nasutus Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1: 112. 1885. Graham, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 9,000 feet, wet soil, March to September. Idaho to British Columbia, south to Chihuahua, Arizona, and Baja California. 9. Mimulus floribundus Dougl. ex. Lindl., Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1125: 1828. Coconino County to Graham and Pima Counties, 2,800 to 7,000 feet, wet soil, April to September. Wyoming to British Columbia, south to northern Mexico and California. 10. Mimulus primuloides Benth., Scroph. Indic. 29. 1835. Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), White Mountains (Apache County), 8,000 to 9,000 feet, wet soil about springs, etc., July and August. Idaho to Arizona and southern California. Plants tending to form mats, with stems rooting at the nodes. 11. Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 21: 450. 1886. A collection in “northern Arizona’”’ (Lemmon 3270) is cited by Grant (ibid. p. 265). British Columbia to California, Colorado, and Arizona. 12. Mimulus rubellus A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 116. 1859. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Graham and Pima Counties, 4.000 to 7,500 feet, frequent in sandy soil along streams, March to. May (sometimes September). Wyoming to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California. 10. STEMODIA Plant herbaceous, glandular-pubescent; stems erect, leafy, simple or sparingly branched; leaves opposite, sessile, with a somewhat clasping base, the blades serrate, lanceolate, elliptic, or somewhat obovate; flowers in terminal spikelike racemes or thyrsoid panicles; calyx 5-parted, with narrow lobes; corolla with a narrow tube and a bilabiate, violet-purple limb, the lower lip 3-cleft; stamens 4, all of them anther-bearing; capsule appearing 4-valved (the valves 2-parted). 1. Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Swartz, Observ. Bot. 240. 1791. Capraria durantifolia L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10,1116. 1759. Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 3,000 feet, wet soil along streams, April to September. Southern Texas, southern Arizona, and southern California, to tropical America. F. W. Pennell (see footnote 39, p. 799, Pennell, p. 3), regarding the Stemodia of southern Arizona and adjacent territory as specifically distinct from the tropical American form, has published the former as S. arizonica Pennell. 11. GRATIOLA A low, glandular-pubescent herb; leaves opposite, sessile, denticu- late; flowers axillary, solitary, on long slender pedicels; calyx 5-parted, with narrow divisions; corolla tubular-funnelform, nearly regular, the limb whitish, shallowly 5-lobed, the tube yellow; sterile stamens rudi- 822 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE mentary; capsule 4-valved; seeds many, striate and transversely reticulate. 1. Gratiola neglecta Torr., Cat. Pl. N. Y. 89. 1819. Coconino County, near Flagstaff (Lemmon in 1884), and near Williams (Kearney and Peebles 14005), about 7,000 feet, mud flats, July and August. Almost throughout the United States. 12. CONOBEA Plant small, annual, glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite, petioled, pinnatifid, the divisions wedge-shaped, usually toothed; flowers axil- lary, short-peduncled, small; calyx 5-parted, the divisions narrow; corolla obscurely bilabiate, the tube yellowish, the limb violet; stigma 2-lobed; capsule longitudinally dehiscent, appearing 4-valved; seeds numerous. 1. Conobea intermedia A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. lie NS aoe Schistophragma intermedia Pennell, Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Ser. ehilae 43520 O4 Os Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, grassy or wooded slopes, mostly in loose soil, July to September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. 13. PAGESIA Small, glabrous, perennial herb; leaves opposite, short-petioled or nearly sessile, the blades lanceolate, ovate, or obovate, crenate or dentate; flowers axillary, solitary, on long slender peduncles; corolla funnelform, shghtly bilabiate, yellow with dark veins. 1. Pagesia vandellioides (H. B. K.) Pennell, Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sel. latin Aes ee OEE OE Herpestis vandellioides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 367. 1818. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,800 to 4,500 feet, wet sandy soil along streams, March and April (sometimes flowering also in autumn). Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 14. MIMETANTHE Plant small, annual, viscid-villous with long, slender, white hairs; stems erect, much-branched, leafy; leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so, the blades lanceolate or oblong, entire; flowers axillary, solitary, slender-peduncled; calyx campanulate; corolla tubular-funnelform, obscurely bilabiate, the lower lip usually with 2 red-brown or purple spots; stigma dilated at apex. 1. Mimetanthe pilosa (Benth.) Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1: 181. 1885. Herpestis pilosa Benth., Compend. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836. Mimulus pilosus 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: D2o- | oie Graham, Gila, Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 4,500 feet, moist sandy soil along streams, April to July. Nevada and Oregon to Arizona and southern California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 823 15. LIMOSELLA. Mupworr Small, subscapose, glabrous or nearly glabrous annuals, with slender runners; leaves on long slender petioles, the blades entire, slightly fleshy; flowers very small, solitary, on long slender peduncles, the corolla white or purplish; style short, the stigma capitate; capsule 2-celled only at base; seeds many, cross-ribbed. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades elliptic or oval, cuneate at base; corolla lobes acute, glabrous or very nearly so; capsules obovoid; seeds much longer than wide. 1. L. aquatica. 1. Leaf blades oblanceolate, attenuate at base; corolla lobes obtuse, puberulent; capsules globose-ovoid; seeds little longer than wide__ 2. L. pUBIFLORA. 1. Limosella aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 631. 1753. Near Flagstaff, Coconino County, 7,500 feet (Lemmon in 1884), wet soil, August. Almost throughout North America; Eurasia. 2. Limosella pubiflora Pennell, Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 43: 7. 1940. Known only from the type collection in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Peebles and Loomis 5420). 16. VERONICA.#® SprEepWELL Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial, terrestrial or aquatic; leaves opposite or the upper alternate, sessile or short-petioled; flowers small, slightly irregular, axillary, or in terminal racemes; corolla rotate or broadly campanulate; capsule compressed, often notched at apex. Key to the species 1. Plants annual, glandular, puberulent, or short-pilose; flowers solitary in the axils; capsules commonly wider than long (2). 2. Corolla whitish, shorter than the calyx, about 2 mm. wide; style very short, not or scarcely surpassing the notch of the capsule; stems erect; leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite, the blades oblong, linear, or oblance- olate, entire or sparingly dentate; pedicels shorter than the subtending leaves; capsules orbicular-obovate, the lobes not divergent. 1. \V. PEREGRINA. 2. Corolla blue, longer than the calyx, about 10 mm. wide; style slender, sur- passing the notch; stems decumbent or prostrate; leaves alternate, the blades broadly ovate, coarsely crenate-dentate; pedicels much longer than the subtending leaves; capsules broadly obcordate, the lobes TEE EL ED Se ee 2. V. PERSICA. 1. Plants perennial, with creeping rootstocks; flowers in racemes, the corolla blue or bluish; style elongate, much surpassing the notch of the capsule (8). 3. Racemes terminal; capsules flat, not orbicular; plants not aquatie (4). 4. Stems decumbent, much-branched at base, appressed-puberulent; lower leaves opposite, short-petioled, the upper ones alternate, the blades round-oval to oblong; racemes elongate, loose; corolla little surpassing the calyx; capsules wider than long, deeply notched. 3. V. SERPYLLIFOLIA. 4. Stems erect, simple, these and the inflorescence villous; leaves opposite except in the inflorescence, all sessile, the blades ovate to oblong; racemes short, rather dense; corolla sky blue, much surpassing the calyx; capsules much longer than wide, shallgwly notched. 4. V. WORMSKJOLDII. 43 Reference: PENNELL, FRANCIS W. ‘“‘VERONICA’’ IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. Rhodora 23: 1-22, 29-41. 1921. 824 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Racemes axillary; capsules somewhat turgid, orbicular or nearly so; plants aquatic or semiaquatic (5). 5. Leaves all short-petioled, the blades elliptic, oblong, or ovate, serrate or serrulate; capsules wider than long_____________ do. V. AMERICANA. 5. Leaves all sessile and cordate- -clasping, or the lowest ones short-petioled 6). 6. Sepals acute to acuminate; pedicels ascending; corolla bluish lilac; capsules suborbicular, mostly shorter than the sepals, not or barely notchedbat apex: en eens 6. V. ANAGALLIS-AQUATICA. 6. Sepals obtuse to acutish; pedicels divaricate; corolla white or pinkish; capsules round- reniform or obcordate, mostly longer than the sepals, distinctly motehed =_ 2-255 = ae 72s" Steir e eee ee ee oe 2. C. WRIGHTI. 1. Flowers scattered along the branches, 10 to 18 mm. long; outer bracts 3-cleft (3). 3. Corolla bright yellow (drying purplish), cleft to the middle, the lower lip half to two-thirds as long as the upper; herbage hirsute below, villous often slightly glandular above; anthers commonly 1-celled. 3. C. LAXIFLORUS. 3. Corolla mainly pink or lavender, not cleft to the middle, the lower lip more than two-thirds as long as the upper one (4).- 4, Tips of the outer bracts (and of the leaf lobes) dilated and whitish-callous; anthers 1-celled; herbage hirsute or pilose, with few gland-tipped hairs; corolla not yellow-tipped.___-________--__—_ 4. (CC. NEVINII. 4. Tips of the outer bracts not dilated or callous; anthers mostly 2-celled; herbage copiously glandular-pilose; tip of the corolla yellow. 5. C. PARVIFLORUS. *1. Cordylanthus canescens A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. IEIROGi, GiGi yes LUSIOS). Adenostegia canescens Greene, Pittonia 2: 181. 1891. No Arizona specimens have been seen by the writers, but the species occurs at St. George, Utah, not far from the northern border. Utah to California. 2. Cordylanthus wrightii A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 120. 1859. Adenostegia wright Greene, Pittonia 2: 180. 1891. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, mostly in open pine forests, July to October. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. A form with flowers solitary or 2 in the cluster, and with glabrate or obscurely glandular-puberulent herbage, var. pauciflorus Kearney and Peebles, is rather common on sandy plains in Apache and Co- conino Counties. The type of the variety was collected near Tuba, Coconino County (Kearney and Peebles 12884). C. tenuifolius Pennell (see footnote 39, p. 799, Pennell, p. 9) is related to C. wrightiz, but is described as having the apex of the floriferous bracts 3- to 5-parted, rather than entire. The species was founded upon a collection at the Grand Canyon (Eggleston 15677a). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 831 3. Cordylanthus laxiflorus A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 120. 1859. Adenostegia laxiflora Greene, Pittonia 2: 181. 1891. Navajo, Coconino, Yavapai, and Gila Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, dry slopes and mesas, sometimes with Cupressus glabra, August to October. Known only from central Arizona. 4. Cordylanthus nevinii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 229. 1882. Hualpai Mountain, Mohave County (Goldman 2995, Kearney and Peebles 12699), about 6,500 feet, among yellow pines, September. Western Arizona and southern California. 5. Cordylanthus parviflorus (Ferris) Wiggins, Contrib. Dudley Herbarium Stanford Univ. 1: 174. 1933. Adenostegia parviflora Ferris, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 45: 409. 1918. Coconino and Mohave Counties, from the northern border of the State to 80 miles southeast of Kingman, 2,600 to 7,000 feet, dry stony slopes and mesas, often with juniper, August and September, type from the Grand Canyon (Knowlton 270). Known only from north- western Arizona. 22. ORTHOCARPUS. OwLcLovEeR Plants annual; stems leafy, mostly erect; leaves alternate, sessile or nearly so, entire to pinnately parted; inflorescence spicate, usually dense, leafy-bracted, the bracts green or purple; calyx narrowly cam- panulate; corolla bilabiate, the lips approximately equal, the lower lip entire to tri-sacculate at apex. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades and bracts pinnately parted, the divisions narrowly linear or filiform; tips of the bracts and calyx lobes purplish pink, as is the corolla; lower lip of the corolla trisacculate at apex, much wider than the galea; stigma large, much wider than the style, depressed-capitate; herbage yallane_liTsGee, not scabrous. = ==... __-.-_+_--~- 1. O. PURPURASCENS. 1. Leaf blades entire or 3-cleft; tips of the bracts and calyx lobes green; lower lip of the corolla entire or rather obscurely tridentate, not sacculate, at apex; stigma small, scarcely wider than the style; leaves scabrous-puberu- lent (2). 2. Inflorescence many-flowered, usually dense; leaf blades mostly entire, linear or lanceolate; corolla yellow; tip of the galea obtuse, not inflexed; lower lip about as long as and not much wider than the galea. 2. QO. LUTEUS. 2. Inflorescence few-flowered, loose; leaf blades mostly 3-cleft, with filiform lobes; corolla purple and white; tip of the galea mucroniform, inflexed; lower lip somewhat shorter and much wider than the galea. 3. O. PURPUREO-ALBUS. 1. Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth., Scroph. Indic. 13. 1835. Mohave County to Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Coun- ties, 1,500 to 3,500 feet, open mesas and slopes, March to May. Western and southern Arizona, California, and Baja California. Escobita. In favorable seasons, extensive areas are bright purple with the flowers of this owlclover, which is grazed by cattle and sheep. 286744°—42 53 8392 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The Arizona form is var. palmeri Gray, distinguished from the typical form of the species by having the tip of the lower lip purple like the rest of the corolla, and often with 1 or more deeper colored spots, instead of yellow or white. 2. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2:57. 1818. Apache County to Coconino County, on both sides of the Grand Canyon, 7,000 to 9,000 feet, mostly in yellow-pine forests, August and September. Canada to Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada. 3. Orthocarpus purpureo-albus A. Gray in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Paro 408.) oat: Navajo, Coconino, and Gila Counties, 5,500 to 9,000 feet, coniferous forests, July to September. Colorado to Idaho, New Mexico, and Arizona. 23. RHINANTHUS. YELLOW-RATTLE Plant annual, possibly a root parasite; stems strictly erect, leafy, 4-angled; leaves opposite, sessile, thickish, rigid, scabrous, lanceolate, sharply serrate; flowers in a rather dense, leafy-bracted, spikelike raceme; corolla yellow, bilabiate, the upper lip arched, the lower lip 3-lobed; anthers hairy; capsule compressed, orbicular; seeds winged. The plants have been used as an insecticide. 1. Rhinanthus rigidus Chabert, Herb. Boissier Bul. 7: 516. 1899. White Mountains, Apache County, at Greer (Hggleston 17083) and on Baldy Peak (Peebles and Smith 12493), 8,800 to 9,600 feet, August. Canada and Alaska to Colorado, eastern Arizona, and Washington. 24. PEDICULARIS. WoopsEtony Plants partially root-parasitic, perennial, herbaceous, caulescent or subacaulescent; leaves alternate or basal, toothed to bipinnatifid; flowers in bracted spikes; corolla strongly bilabiate, narrow, the upper lip compressed on the sides, arched and often beaked at the apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe smaller; capsule oblique, com- pressed. Some of the species are known also as duckbill and fernleaf. Key to the species 1. Galea prolonged into a filiform, recurved beak (curved outward and upward), this as long as or longer than the rest of the corolla; herbage glabrous; stems strictly erect, moderately leafy; leaf blades deeply and incisely pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; inflorescence spiciform, cylindric, many-flowered; corolla bright pink to claretired =. 25am ae eee 1. P. GROENLANDICA. 1. Galea not beaked or, if so, then the beak straight or incurved (curved down- ward), much shorter than the rest of the corolla (2). 2. Leaf blades merely crenate or crenate-dentate, often doubly so, linear or linear-lanceolate; beak of the galea strongly incurved, 4 to 5 mm. long; lower lip of the corolla nearly equaling the galea; stems commonly 30 em. long or longer, very leafy; herbage glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers few, in loose, leafy racemes; corolla 12 to 20 mm. long, white. 2.. P. RACEMOSAZ= _ 2. Leaf blades pinnatifid or bipinnatifid (3). 3. Galea falecate, the beak short, stout, conic, straight or slightly incurved; corolla 10 to 15 mm. long, ochroleucous; stems stout, strict, moder- ately leafy, up to 50 em. long; leaf blades bipinnatifid, with numerous narrow divisions; racemes elongate-spiciform, usually dense, with NUMETOUS OT, Many, HOWELLS ss = ae 3. PP. PARR FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 833 3. Galea strongly cucullate at apex, not beaked; corolla 25 mm. long or longer (4). 4. Plant subacaulescent; herbage glabrous below the inflorescence, the latter sparsely villous, few-flowered, not surpassing the leaves; leaf blades pinnatifid, with broad, mostly obtuse, crenate-dentate lobes, the teeth conspicuously white-mucronate; corolla purple; anther cells conspicuously aristate at base, the awns projecting like teeth from the hood of the galea______ 4. P. CENTRANTHERA. 4. Plant strongly caulescent, the stems stout, very leafy, up to 1.5 m. long; herbage more or less pubescent below the inflorescence, the latter copiously villous, many-flowered, elongate, greatly surpassing the leaves; leaf blades pinnate, the primary divisions pinnatifid, lanceolate, acute, the secondary lobes serrate, with setose-tipped teeth; corolla greenish yellow; anther cells not aristate. 5. Gash ye: 1. Pedicularis groenlandica Retz, Fl. Scand. Prodr., ed. 2,145. 1795. Elephantella groenlandica Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 363. 1900. Baldy Peak, White Mountains, Apache County (Peebles and Smith 12503), 9,900 feet, August. Greenland to Alaska, south in the mountains to New Mexico, eastern Arizona, and California. Elephanthead. The Arizona specimens are of the large-flowered form, P. surrecta Benth., with the galea more than twice as long as the calyx. 2. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 108. 1838. Baldy Peak, White Mountains, Apache County (Goodding 613, Peebles and Smith 12498), 9,600 to 11,000 feet, common in deep coniferous forest, July and August. Canada to New Mexico, eastern Arizona, and California. 3. Pedicularis parryi A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 34: 250. 1862. Apache, Greenlee, and Coconino Counties, especially in the White Mountains and on the San Francisco Peaks, 7,500 to 12,000 feet, moist mountain meadows, July toSeptember. Wyoming to Montana, south to northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. 4. Pedicularis centranthera A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 120. 1859. Coconino, northern Mohave, and Gila Counties, probably also in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 7,500 feet, common in pine forests, April to June. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 5. Pedicularis grayi A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 17: 100. 1904. Pedicularis procera A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 34: 251. 1862. Not Adams, 1823. White Mountains (Greenlee County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), 8,000 to 10,000 feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, July and August. Wyoming to New Mexico and eastern Arizona. This tall-stemmed species 1s sometimes cultivated as an ornamental. lll. BIGNONIACEAE. BIGNontra FAMILY Shrubs or small trees; leaves mostly opposite, simple or compound; flowers large and showy, in terminal racemes or panicles; corolla | | ee eects gen Dee itl 834 - MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE bilabiate; stamens 5, only 4 of them anther-bearing; ovary superior, 2-celled; stigma bilabiate; fruit an elongate 2-valved capsule; seeds many, winged or comose. Key to the genera 1. Leaves simple; seeds comose---------------------------- 1. CHILOPSIS. 1. Leaves pinnate; seeds with hyaline wings------------=--____ 2. TECoMa. 1. CHILOPSIS. DrEsERTWILLOW Small tree or large shrub, up to 9 m. (30 feet) high; leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite, simple, linear or linear-lanceolate, entire, elongate; corolla white, often tinged, streaked, or spotted with purple; wing of the seed dissected into hairs. 1. Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283. 1827. Bignonia linearis Cav., Icon. Pl. 3:35. 1794. Coconino and Mohave Counties to Greenlee, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 4,000 (rarely 6,000) feet but usually lower, mostly along washes in the deserts and foothills, April to August. Western Texas to southern Nevada, Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. The desertwillow is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for the sake of its attractive catalpalike flowers. It probably would be useful for planting to control soil erosion. It is browsed only where more palatable forage is scarce. The common form in Arizona is var. arcuata Fosberg, with the sterile branchlets nearly or quite glabrous and leaf veins not prominent, but Fosberg * mentions also Arizona specimens approaching var. glutinosa (Engelm.) Fosberg, which he distinguishes from var. arcuata by the glutinous herbage. 2. TECOMA. TRUMPETBUSH Shrub; leaves opposite, pinnate, the leaflets 5 or more, lanceolate, long-acuminate, deeply serrate or laciniate; corolla funnelform-cam- panulate, bright yellow; seeds flat, with a thin entire wing. 1. Tecoma stans (L.) H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 144. 1818. Bignome stans ti., Sp Pl eda 27 87— sl doae Stenolobium incisum Rose and Standl., Contrib. U. 8S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 174. 1913. Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, dry stony or gravelly slopes, May to September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, southward into tropical America. The plant is much cultivated as an ornamental in the warmer parts of the United States. It is stated that the roots are used in Mexico medicinally and for making a sort of beer. The Arizona form, var. angustatum Rehder, seldom exceeds a height of 2.5 m. (8 feet). 483 FOSBERG, F. RAYMOND. VARIETIES OF THE DESERTWILLOW, CHILOPSIS LINEARIS. Madrofio 3: 362-366. 936. ; el OO EEE FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 835 112. MARTY NIACEAE. UNICORNPLANT FAMILY 1. MARTYNIA.*” UwnicorNPLANT Coarse viscid-pubescent annual herbs; leaves petioled, the lower ones mostly opposite, the blades large, entire to shallowly lobed; flowers few, large and showy, in terminal racemes; calyx somewhat inflated, subtended by 1 or 2 bractlets; corolla somewhat bilabiate; stamens 4, all perfect or 2 of them sterile; anthers gland-tipped, the cells divaricate; pods large, somewhat fleshy, ending in a long, in- curved, hooked, dehiscent beak. These plants are usually known in Arizona as devilsclaw. The young pods are sometimes eaten as a vegetable. The black designs in the baskets made by the Pima and other Arizona Indians are woven with the split mature pods of M. parviflora. The plants are regarded as somewhat of a pest on sheep ranges because the hooked beaks of the pods become entangled in the fleece. Key to the species 1. Corolla reddish purple to nearly white, often dotted or blotched with red purple and streaked with yellow, the limb about 2.5 em. wide, the tube only slightly ventricose; leaf blades usually longer than wide, nearly entire to shallowly sinuate-lobed___-_-__- ae See A bs hes apes ee 1. M. PARVIFLORA. 1. Corolla yellow or copper-colored, often dotted or splotched with red or brown, the limb 3 to 4 cm. wide; leaf blades usually wider than long (2). 2. Leaf blades distinctly lobed; bracts elliptic to broadly oblong; calyx with lobes nearly as long as the tube; corolla tube strongly ventricose. . M. ARENARIA. 2. Leaf blades nearly entire to shallowly, sinuately lobed; bracts ovate to suborbicular; calyx with lobes much shorter than the tube; corolla fie Reareely VENEmeire. 2 2 ss os 3. M. ALTHEAEFOLIA. 1. Martynia parviflora Wooton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 453. 1898. Proboscidea parviflora Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 19: 602. 1915. Gila and Yavapai Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, plains, mesas, and roadsides, April to October. Western Texas to southern Nevada, Arizona, and northern Mexico. A collection near Sacaton, Pinal County (Peebles et al. 75) differs from the characterization in the key in having leaf blades considerably wider than long and the corolla tube strongly ventricose. These are characters of M. fragrans Lindl. but the corolla is too small for that species as described (see footnote 49, Van Eseltine, p. 21). The specimen cited has the horns of the fruit exceptionally long, both absolutely and relatively, being nearly 30 cm. long and nearly 3 times as long as the body of the fruit. 2. Martynia arenaria Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848. Proboscidea arenaria Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, 3: 326. 1865. Pinal, Cochise, aid Pima Counties (probably elsewhere), plains and mesas, July to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona 48 Reference: VAN ESELTINE, G. P. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE UNICORN PLANTS. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bul. 149. 1929. 836 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE and northern Mexico. Corolla copper-colored outside, yellow within, the throat spotted with purple, the limb streaked with orange, the upper lobes spreading. 3. Martynia altheaefolia Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 37. 1844. Proboscidea altheaefolia Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 5, 3: 324. 1865. Yuma, Yuma County (H. Brown in 1905). Western Texas to southeastern California and northern Mexico. Brown’s specimen corresponds with the characterization of M. altheaefolia (see footnote 49, p. 835, Van Eseltine, pp. 13, 19), except that the calyx lobes are rather more than one-half as long as the tube. Another collection near Yuma (Peebles et al. 4956) seems to be inter- mediate between this species and M. arenaria. It is somewhat doubtful that the latter is specifically distinct from M. altheaefolhia. 113. OROBANCHACEAE. BrRoomraPE FAMILY Plants herbaceous, without chlorophyll, root-parasitic; stems fleshy ; leaves alternate, reduced to scales; corolla irregular, bilabiate, the tube narrow, the lower lip 3-lobed; stamens commonly 4, in pairs; capsule 1-celled, 2-valved; seeds many, very small. Key to the genera 1. Calyx very irregular, spathelike, deeply cleft on the lower side, several-toothed on the upper side; upper lip of the corolla deeply concave. 1. CoNOPHOLIS. 1. Calyx nearly regular, the lobes or teeth almost equal; upper lip of the corolla not: deeply concCaves.2. 23. 25552 == eee eee 2. OROBANCHE. 1. CONOPHOLIS. Saquvawroor Plant yellowish; stems clustered, covered with imbricate scales; inflorescence spikelike, elongate, not branched, dense, conspicuously bracted, the flowers in several rows; corolla strongly bilabiate, the upper lip arched, emarginate. 1. Conopholis mexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 18: ° 131. 1883. Southern Apache County and northern Gila County to Cochise County, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, May and June. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. The plant grows with, and is presumably parasitic on, species of Pinus, Cupressus, Juglans, and Quercus. 'The plant resembles a cluster of slender pine cones, reaching a length of about 25 cm. in fruit. 2. OROBANCHE.®° BroomrarPE Plants glandular-pilose, purplish or yellowish brown; inflorescences loosely fasciculate or densely spikelike; calyx 5-cleft; corolla more or less curved, the upper lip 2-lobed. These plants are sometimes called cancer-root, in reference to their reputed efficacy in treatment of ulcers, by application of the stems to ~ & References: Munz, P. A. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF OROBANCHE, SECTION MYZORRHIZA. Tor- rey Bot. Club Bul. 57: 611-624. 1930. AcHEY, D. M. A REVISION OF THE SECTION GYMNOCAULIS OF THE GENUS OROBANCHE. ‘Torrey Bot. Ciub Bul. 60: 441-451. 1933. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 837 the sore. The Navajo Indians are reported to use a decoction of the plant for this purpose. The entire plant, or the underground parts only, were eaten by the southwestern Indians. Some of the Old World species are parasitic on clover and other cultivated plants. Key to the species 1. Flowers not subtended by bractlets, few, in loose fasciculate inflorescences; pedicels commonly much longer than the flowers; corolla somewhat falcate: SSE tite Ar TOCA a ne ae 1. QO. FASCICULATA. 1. Flowers subtended by bractlets, many, in dense, spikelike inflorescences, these sometimes branched below; pedicels none or shorter than the flowers; corolla straight or nearly so, brownish purple and white: Section Myzorrhiza (2). 2 Cn NaDes FOUnGed 25-2 Ne Se 8 2. O. MULTIFLORA. 2. Corolla lobes narrowed toward the acute or acutish apex. OQ. LUDOVICIANA. 1. Orobanche fasciculata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 519. 1818. Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, mostly in chaparral and in coniferous forests; May to August. Michigan to British Columbia, south to Texas, Arizona, and southern California. Both the typical form, with the plant and the corolla brownish purple, and var. lutea (Parry) Achey (Phelipaea lutea Parry), with the plant and the corolla dull yellow, sometimes tinged with pink, occur in Arizona, the latter being the commoner form. Arizona specimens with exceptionally large corollas, therein approaching var. franciscana Achey, are not infrequent. The plants are parasitic on Artemisia tridentata, Eriogonum wrightii, and other plants. 2. Orobanche multiflora Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 179. 1848. Apache, Navajo, and Pima Counties (doubtless elsewhere), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, sandy soil, April to July. Wyoming to Washington, south to northern Mexico and southern California. Most of the Arizona specimens belong to var. arenosa (Suksdorf) Munz, with corolla lips not more than5 mm. long. A collection in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1884) with lips 6 to 7 mm. long represents var. pringlet Munz, heretofore reported only from Chihua- hua. 3. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 58. 1818. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Pima, Santa Cruz, and Yuma Counties, 500 to 7,000 feet, March to July. Southern Utah and Nevada to western Texas, Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Mexico. Two intergrading forms occur in Arizona. These are: (1) var. cooperz ( A. Gray) G. Beck (O. cooperi A. Gray), with lips of the corolla 3 to 6 mm. long and lobes of the lower lip lanceolate, tapering gradually to an acute tip; (2) var. latiloba Munz, with lips of the corolla 6 to 9 mm. long and lobes of the lower lip oblong or oblong-ovate, narrowed abruptly at apex. The latter form occurs only in the southern part of the State. The plants are normally parasitic on Franseria and other Compositae, but specimens of var. cooperi collected near Flagstaff showed attachment to roots of cacti (Opuntia, Echinocactus). Hi 838 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 114. ACANTHACEAE. ACANTHUS FAMILY Plants perennial, herbaceous or shrubby; stems commonly quad- rangular; leaves opposite, simple, entire; inflorescences usually bracteate, cymose, racemose, spicate, or the flowers solitary; corolla more or less irregular; anther-bearing stamens 2, or 4 in unequal pairs; ovary superior, borne on a disk; fruit a 2-celled, elastically dehiscent capsule. Many plants of this family are cultivated as ornamentals, notably the European Acanthus mollis and the South African climber, Thun- bergia alata. Key to the genera 1. Flowers in dense terminal spikes, closely subtended by imbricate bracts, these cuspidate or aristate at apex; plants herbaceous; stamens 2 (2). 2. Plant subcaulescent, with all of the well-developed leaves basal or nearly so and short lived; floral bracts obscurely veined (only the midrib at all conspicuous), with scarious margins prolonged into 2 winglike teeth on each side of the terminal awn; corolla limb purple____ 1. Enyrrarta. 2. Plant caulescent, the stems with several pairs of well-developed leaves; floral bracts prominently 3-ribbed and often with 2 smaller additional veins, not scarious-margined; corolla limb pale yellow, often tinged or spotted with -purplel 2.2. 2. ¢ 5 2k se ee eee 7. TETRAMERIUM. 1. Flowers not in dense spikes, or not closely subtended by imbricate bracts (3). 3. Bracts subtending each flower in pairs, thin, valvelike, closely compressed, nearly orbicular, very different from the foliage leaves. 8. DiIcLipTERa. 3. Bracts not in valvelike pairs and not very different from the foliage leaves except in size (4). 4. Corolla convolute in the bud, only slightly irregular; stamens 4, the fila- ments much longer than the 2-celled anthers; stigma linear; plants herbaceous (5). 5. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters, sessile or nearly so; corolla less than 3 em. long; anthers acutish, mucronulate. 2. DyYscHORISTE. 5. Flowers in loose terminal panicles, mostly distinctly pedicelled; corolla more than 3 cm. long; anthers obtuse, muticous____ 3. RUELLIA. 4. Corolla imbricate in the bud, strongly irregular, bilabiate (6). 6. Stamens 4, the anthers 1-celled, pubescent, as long asjor longer than the filaments; stigma somewhat funnelform, small_____ 4, BERGINIA. 6. Stamens 2, the anthers 2-celled, much shorter than the filaments; stigma minute, capitate or somewhat flattened (7). 7. Anther cells inserted at the same height or very nearly so, parallel, contiguous, muticous; plants shrubby or suffruticose (8). 8. Corolla very open, 1 to 1.5 em. long, the lobes about twice as long as the: ‘tubée: 5323 308. — 1885. Pima County, south of Tucson (Thornber 5351, 5512) and in the Baboquivari Mountains (Loomis and King 3255). Southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. The Arizona specimens referred to this species, as compared with the type from Altar Valley, Sonora (Pringle in 1884), are less extreme in their characters, approaching D. resupinata. 9. SIPHONOGLOSSA Plant herbaceous or nearly so; stems clustered, usually decumbent, commonly puberulent; leaves short-petioled, the blades lanceolate; flowers clustered in the axils; corolla white, the tube very long and slender, the limb short, the lower lip spreading, deeply 3-lobed. 842 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Siphonoglossa longiflora (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2, 2 *: 328. 1886. Adhatoda (?) longiflora Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 125. 1859. Pinal and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, rocky slopes and canyons, April to October, type from “southern Arizona.” Appar- ently known only from southern Arizona but doubtless also in Sonora. Domestic and various wild animals feed upon this plant, especially in times of drought, and it is able to withstand close browsing. The white flowers are vespertine, slightly fragrant, and ephemeral. 10. JACOBINIA Plant shrubby, up to 1.5 m. (5 feet) high, much branched, the herbage soft-villous; leaves petioled, the blades ovate; flowers in dense, sessile or subsessile, axillary clusters; corolla broadly funnel- form, brilliant red, the lower lip deeply 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anther cells unequal. 1. Jacobinia candicans (Nees) Benth. and Hook. ex Hook. and Jackson, Index Kew. 1: 1246. 1898. Adhatoda candicans Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 396. 1847. Vicinity of Canyon Lake (eastern Maricopa County), Ajo Moun- tains (western Pima County), 1,700 to 2,000 feet, rocky slopes, April and May. Southern Arizona and Mexico. 11. BELOPERONE A shrub, up to 2 m. high, with spreading brittle branches and canescent-puberulent herbage; leaves petioled, the blades ovate; flowers in naked racemes; corolla tubular-funnelform, rather dull red, strongly bilabiate, the lower lip shallowly lobed or toothed; stamens 2, exserted, the anther cells unequal. 1. Beloperone californica Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 38. 1844. Pinal, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,300 to 3,500 feet, frequent on dry rocky slopes, December to May. Southern Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Mexico. Called chuparosa in Sonora. The plant is browsed to some extent by livestock. The flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds, and it 1s reported that they were eaten by the Papago Indians. The name ‘‘honeysuckle” is sometimes used locally for this plant. 115. PLANTAGINACEAE. PLANTAIN FAMILY 1. PLANTAGO.®! PLaNTAIN, INDIANWHEAT Scapose herbs with the foliage leaves all basal; flowers small, perfect or unisexual, regular, in terminal, long-peduncled, bracted spikes; calyx and corolla 4-divided or 4-lobed, persistent, usually scarious or scarlous-margined; stamens 2 or 4, separately attached to the corolla; fruit a circumscissile capsule. 1 References: POE, IONE. A REVISION OF THE PLANTAGO PATAGONICA GROUP OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 55: 406-420. 1928 WHEELER, LOUIS C. NOTES ON PLANTAGO IN THE PACIFIC STATES. Amer. Midland Nat. 20: 331-333. 1938, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 843 Some of the native species afford excellent forage for sheep and cattle. The seeds become mucilaginous when wet and are produced in such quantity where the plants are abundant as to cement the sand grains after rain, forming a thin crust on the surface of the soil. Seeds of the Arizona species that are known as Indianwheat (P. fastigiata, P. purshii) are sometimes gathered and used as a substitute for the psyllium seeds of commerce, which are obtained from an Old World species, Plantago psyllium. Key to the species 1. Flowers more or less dioecious or polygamous, many of them cleistogamous (the corolla remaining closed and its lobes erect or connivent), other flowers with spreading corolla lobes and exserted stamens; plants annual or biennial; leaf blades often coarsely dentate or cleft (2). 2. Leaves and scapes inconspicuously pubescent or glabrate, the hairs short, mostly appressed; leaf blades filiform or linear, less than 5 mm. wide; spikes loosely flowered, often interrupted below; calyx glabrous; corolla white or pale straw-colored; capsule with 8 or more seeds. 1. P. HETEROPHYLLA. 2. Leaves and scapes copiously villous or subhirsute; leaf blades elliptic or oblong-oblanceolate, seldom less than 8 mm. wide; spikes usually densely flowered; calyx villous or subhirsute; corolla buff or orange-colored; capsule 2- to 4- seeded (3). 3. Capsule 3-seeded; plant flowering in late summer__-_-_-_ 2. P. HIRTELLA. 3. Capsule usually 2-seeded; plants flowering in spring (4). 4. Bracts and sepals obtuse; fruiting calyx less than 3 mm. long; mature seeds yellowish brown, less than 2 mm. long, deeply concave on Phe welpatcistees - ee eS. es en ec 3. P. VIRGINICA. 4. Bracts and sepals acute or apiculate; fruiting calyx 3 to 4 mm. long; mature seeds dark red, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, flat to slightly concave Po bi a iteds Cele rz ly £2) cs See a a rn ge gra Sa eS 4. P. RHODOSPERMA. 1. Flowers not dioecious, all perfect, none cleistogamous; corolla lobes perma- nently spreading or reflexed (5). 5. Leaf blades broadly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or broader, seldom less than 10 mm. wide; plants glabrous or loosely pubescent, not sericeous or lanate, usually perennial, with a thick caudex (6). 6. Spikes short-conic, becoming oblong, very dense, 1 to 6 cm. long at maturity; leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or den- ticulate; seeds 2, concave on the ventral face____ 5. P. LANCEOLATA. 6. Spikes cylindric, moderately dense or rather loose, usually 6 cm. long or longer at maturity (7). 7. Leaf blades broadly ovate, abruptly contracted at base; scapes seldom woolly at base; seeds several or numerous, not more than 1 mm. Jong, angulate, finely reticulate, not concave ventrally. 6. P. Masor. 7. Leaf blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, tapering at base; scapes usually woolly at base; seeds not more than 4, 2 to 3 mm. long, rounded on the back, somewhat concave ventrally_ 7. P. ERIOPODA. 5. Leaf blades linear or lanceolate, commonly much less than 10 mm. wide; plants copiously silky-villous, sericeous, or lanate (except in P. wrighti- ana), annual or winter annual; spikes cylindric at maturity; seeds 2, deeply concave on the ventral face (8). 8. Bracts subulate or narrowly lanceolate, not or very indistinctly scarious- margined, at least the lower ones commonly longer than the calyx. 8. P. PURSHII. 8. Bracts broadly lanceolate to nearly orbicular, conspicuously scarious- margined, none longer than the calyx (9). 9. Leaves not at ail rigid, conspicuously whitish sericeous or lanate, not noticeably discolored in drying; spikes at maturity 1 to 4 cm. long, seldom more than 4 times as long as wide; lowest bracts much like the sepals, broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, broadly scarious- margined to the apex, the scarious portion forming more than one- half of the area of the bract; seeds reddish brown, somewhat shiny. 9. P. FASTIGIATA. 844 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 9. Leaves somewhat rigid, turning dark in drying; spikes at maturity commonly 3 to 6 em. long and more than 4 times as long as wide; lowest bracts unlike the sepals, broadly lanceolate to broadly del- toid, not scarious-margined to the apex, the scarious portion form- ing less than one-half of the area of the bract; seeds not shiny (10). 10. Herbage glabrous or sparsely villous; bracts triangular-lanceolate or deltoid; seeds olive brown at maturity____ 10. P. wrigHTIANa. 10. Herbage copiously villous or sericeous; bracts ovate-lanceolate; seeds black, or nearly so, at maturity_______- 1. P. ARGYRAnAS 1. Plantago heterophylla Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, He liieaneloathe Near Casa Grande, Pinal County, 1,400 feet (Peebles 936), in a stream bed, February. New Jersey to Florida, Texas, southern Arizona, and southern California. 2. Plantago hirtella Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 187. 1817. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 5,500 to 8,000 feet, springy or boggy places along streams, July to September. Southern Arizona to tropical America. The species is represented in Arizona by var. mollior Pilger. 3. Plantago virginica L., Sp. Pl. 113. 1753. Coconino and Pima Counties (doubtless elsewhere), 3,000 to 7,000 feet, commonly in moist soil, February to April Gn southern Arizona). Connecticut to Michigan and Missouri, south to Florida, Arizona, and southern California. 7 4. Plantago rhodosperma Decne. in DC., Prodr. 131: 722. 1852. ' Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, mostly along streams, March to May. Mississippi and Oklahoma to Texas and Arizona. 5. Plantago lanceolata L., Sp. Pl. 113. 1753. Navajo, Coconino, Pinal, and Pima Counties, rare in Arizona, lawns and meadows, April to July. Widely distributed in the United States; naturalized from Europe. Commonly known as ribwort or buckhorn plantain. 6. Plantago major L., Sp. Pl. 112. 1753. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 7,000 feet, moist soil along streams, March to October. Widely distributed in the United States; naturalized from Europe. Common plantain. 7. Plantago eriopoda Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 237. 1828. Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County, 8,700 feet (Kearney and Peebles 13739), moist meadow, August. Canada to New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. The collection cited is not typical, being relatively narrow-leaved, with loosely villous herbage and very little ‘‘wool’”’ about the crown. 8. Plantago purshii Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 120. 1818. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 7,000 feet, dry slopes and mesas, February to July. Canada to Texas, Arizona, and southern California. There occur in Arizona both the typical form of the species, with FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 845 the basal bracts of the spike not more, usually less, than twice as long as the calyx, and var. picta (Morris) Pilger (P. picta Morris, P. xerodea Morris, P. ignota Morris), with the basal bracts 2 to 3 times as long as the calyx. The latter is the more common form in the southern part of the State. 9. Plantago fastigiata Morris, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 27: 116. 1900. Plantago insularis Eastw. var. fastigiata Jepson, Man. FI. PI. Calif. 956. 1925. Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower, abundant, dry plains and mesas, January to May (occasional- ly in autumn), type from Tucson (Towmey 335a). Southern Utah and Nevada, Arizona, and southern California. 10. Plantago wrightiana Decne. in DC., Prodr. 13!: 712. 1852. Plantago hookeriana Fisch. and Mey. var. nuda (A. Gray) Poe, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 55: 416. 1928. Near Prescott (Yavapai County), Pinal Mountains (Gila County), about 5,000 feet, openings in pine woods, May to July. Western Texas to central Arizona, Oregon, and California. 11. Plantago argyraea Morris, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 27: 111. 1900. Plantago purshu var. argyraea Poe, ibid. 55: 414. 1928. Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 6,000 to 7,500 feet, mostly in pine forest, June to August, type from Castle Creek, Yavapai County (Towmey 355c). Western New Mexico and Arizona. 116. RUBIACEAE. Mapper FAMILY Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or shrubby; leaves opposite or appearing verticillate, usually with stipules, simple, entire; flowers mostly perfect, regular or very nearly so, 4- or 5-merous; calyx with the tube completely adnate to the ovary and the limb reduced to teeth or lobes, or obsolete; fruit a capsule, or achenelike, or separating at maturity into 2 to 4 usually indehiscent carpels. A very large, mainly tropical family. Its best-known members are the coffeetree (Coffea arabica), the trees from whose bark quinine is obtained (Cinchona spp.), and the formerly important dye plant, madder (Rubia tinctoria). The Arizona representatives are of almost no economic importance. Key to the genera 1. Ovules and seeds several in each carpel; fruits capsular, 2-celled; flowers 4-merous (2). 2. Plant large, suffruticose; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate; corolla tubular, SGCiir] (Cregeen 28 4 oe Dees tO BAe oh UN, 2 Sea eS en 3. BOUVARDIA. 2. Plants small, herbaceous or barely suffrutescent; leaf blades linear, narrowly lanceolate, or spatulate; corolla salverform, pink or white (3). 3. Capsule wholly adnate to the calyx tube; seeds angled__ 1. OLDENLANDIA. 3. Capsule mostly free from the calyx; seeds saucer-shaped_ 2. Hovusronta. 1. Ovule solitary in each carpel (4). 4. Plant a shrub; flowers in dense globose heads_-_-______ 4, CEPHALANTHUS. 4. Plants herbaceous or (in a few species of Galiwm) suffrutescent or suffruti- cose; flowers not in globose heads (5). 5. Stipules similar to and nearly as large as the blades, the leaves thus ap- pearing to be in whorls of 4 or more; corolla rotate____ 9. GaLium. 5. Stipules unlike the blades and much smaller; leaves opposite, the floral Tae sometimes appearing whorled; corolla salverform or funnelform 6). 846 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 6. Flowers on long slender divaricate pedicels; fruits hispid with hooked hairs, didymous; stipules small, interpetiolar (not forming a sheath around the stem), entire or few-toothed_-_____ 5. KELLOGGIA. 6. Flowers sessile or nearly so, in axillary or terminal cymules (rarely solitary in the leaf axils) ; fruits not hispid with hooked hairs; stipules connate, forming a sheath around the stem, cuspidate or setose (7). 7. Fruit circumscissile, the upper part falling off with the calyx limb; seeds about as wide as long, 4-lobed______ 8. MITRACARPUS. 7. Fruit not circumscissile, the carpels separating partly or completely by longitudinal cleavage; seeds elongate, not lobed (8). 8. Calyx limb with the teeth united at base, deciduous at or before the Separation jof the carpels== sss eee 6. CRUSEA. 8. Calyx limb of separate or nearly separate teeth, these persistent even after the carpels separate 22 222.2 oo i. DIODEA- 1. OLDENLANDIA Plant annual, small, glabrous; stems slender, erect, often diffusely branched; leaves opposite, the blades narrow; flowers small, all alike, in terminal cymes or solitary in the forks; calyx teeth subulate; corolla whitish, salverform; capsule hemispheric and somewhat quadrangular 1. Oldenlandia greenei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: Uplha. sven Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rich soil in woods, August and September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona (doubtless also in northern Mexico). 2. HOUSTONIA Plants perennial, cespitose, herbaceous or barely suffrutescent; stems short, diffuse or procumbent; leaves opposite, or appearing fascicled due to the shortening of the internodes; flowers dimorphic in the relative length of the stamens and the style, some of them cleis- togamous; corolla white to deep pink, salverform; peduncles recurved in fruit; capsules didymous. Key to the species 1. Plant rather densely cespitose, subacaulescent; leaves mostly basal or nearly so, erect; corolla bright pink, tubular-salverform, the tube very slender, 10 to 24 mm. long, about 3 times as long as the lobes_____ 1. Hier. 1, Plant loosely cespitose, caulescent, the stems leafy, up to 20 cm. long; leaves spreading or ascending; corolla white or pinkish, funnelform-salverform, the tube 3 to 4 mm. long, not more than one and one-half times as long as the lobes_ 2! 2.22 es ee 2. H. WRIGHTII. 1. Houstonia rubra Cay., Icon. Pl. 5: 48. 1799. Navajo, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties (doubtless elsewhere), 4,000 to 6,000 feet, mesas and dry rocky hills, often in sandy soil, May to July. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 2. Houstonia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 202.. 11882; Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, dry mesas and slopes, among chaparral shrubs, oaks, or pines, common, June to September. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 847 3. BOUVARDIA Plant suffrutescent or shrubby, glabrous, 1 m. high or less; stems branched, the old bark whitish brown; leaves mostly in whorls of 3, the blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long; flowers dimorphic in the Jength of the stamens and the style, in mostly terminal cymes; calyx lobes subulate, persistent; corolla slender, 2 to 3 cm. long; capsules didymous, subglobose; seeds flat, peltate, winged. A handsome shrub, worthy of cultivation, with neat foliage and clusters of bright red (occasionally pink or white) honeysucklelike flowers. 1. Bouvardia glaberrima Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. North. Mex. 106. 1849. Bouvardia ovata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 67. 1853. Southern Apache County to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 6500 feet, canyons and slopes, preferring partial shade, May to September, type of B. ovata from between the San Pedro River and Santa Cruz, perhaps in Arizona (Wright 1117). Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. 4, CEPHALANTHUS. BurtronsusH Shrub, up to 2.5 m. (8 feet) high; leaves large, opposite or in whorls of 3, the blades broadly lanceolate to oblong-ovate; flowers small, very numerous, in dense globose, long-peduncled heads, 4-merous; corolla tubular-funnelform, whitish; fruits achenelike, obpyramidal, 2-celled, 1- or 2-seeded. 1. Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. Apache, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, wet soil along streams, June to September. Throughout most of temperate North America. The Arizona form is var. californicus Benth., with shorter-petioled, narrower leaves more often in 3’s than in the typical form of the eastern United States. The plant is not palatable to livestock and is reputed poisonous, containing glucosides (cephalanthine, etc.). The bark has been used medicinally. The flowers are attractive to bees. 5. KELLOGGIA Plant herbaceous, perennial, with slender rootstocks, with the aspect of Galium; leaves opposite, sessile, the blades lanceolate; flowers in very open cymose panicles, small; calyx with an obovate tube and minute teeth; corolla funnelform-salverform, whitish; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla; stigmas clavate. 1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. in Wilkes, U. S. Expl. Exped. 17: 332. 1874. San Francisco Peaks, Bill Williams Mountain, both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Betatakin (Navajo County), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, rich soilin coniferous forests, June to August. Wyoming to Washington, northern Arizona, and California. 286744°—42 54 848 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 6. CRUSEA Plants small, annual; stems slender, erect or ascending, simple or sparingly branched; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate to subulate; flowers small, in terminal or axillary glomerules; calyx lobes 2 to 4, often con- spicuously unequal; corolla white or purple, salverform or nearly so; fruit of 2 to 4 obovoid or globose carpels, these separating at maturity from the persistent axis. Key to the species 1. Herbage sparsely hirsute; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 10 mm. wide, conspicuously several-veined; glomerules of flowers mostly solitary at the ends of the main stem and branches, capitate; calyx lobes attenuate- subulate, more or less unequal in length but not conspicuously different in texture> corolla sroses pun plese =e 1 7 @) wricHine 1. Herbage glabrous or (commonly) sparsely hispidulous; leaf blades linear- lanceolate or subulate, not more than 3 mm. wide, with only the midvein apparent; glomerules several, axillary and terminal; calyx lobes very unequal, some of them lanceolate and foliaceous, the others reduced to setaceous, scarious teeth; corolla whitish_______- 2. C. SUBULATA. 1. Crusea wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 68. 1853. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2724), Sycamore Canyon near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, 3,600 feet (Kearney and Peebles 14447), August and September. Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 2. Crusea subulata (Pavon) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. IQS Toorelooor Spermacoce subulata Pavon ex DC., Prodr. 4: 548. 1830. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, in woods or in the open, August and September. Southern New Mexico and Arizona; Mexico. 7. DIODIA. BurronwEEpD Plant annual; stems erect or diffuse; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate; stipules fringed with long, stiff bristles; flowers small, in axillary elomerules; corolla funnelform-salverform, pink; fruit obovoid-turb1- nate, crowned by the persistent calyx lobes. 1. Diodia teres Walt., Fl. Carol. 87. 1788. Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, often in sandy soil, August and September. Connecticut to Missouri and Arizona, south to Florida and Panama. The common form in Arizona is var. angustata Gray, with erect, simple or sparingly branched stems. The typical form, with spreading or procumbent, freely branched stems, also occurs in the*State. 8. MITRACARPUS Plant annual; stems erect, simple or sparingly branched; leaves opposite, the blades lanceolate; stipules setose; flowers small, in few, very dense, terminal and axillary clusters; calyx with the 2 pairs of lobes very unlike in size and texture, the larger ones equaling or sur- passing the whitish corolla; capsule didymous, 2-celled FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S493 1. Mitracarpus breviflorus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 68. 1853. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, dry plains and mesas, August and September. Southern Texas, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 9. GALIUM. Berpstraw Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems angled, often winged, usually weak and reclining or supported on other plants; herbage often retrorsely hispid; leaves appearing whorled, usually narrow; flowers small, perfect or unisexual, in axillary or terminal cymes or elomerules, these often panicled, or the flowers solitary in the axils; fruits didymous (paired), smooth, tuberculate, or covered with straight hairs or hooked bristles, indehiscent; seeds with a deeply concave face. . The plants have been used as remedies for various diseases, but their medicinal value is questionable. Key to the species 1. Flowers involucrate (closely subtended by leaflike bracts), sessile or nearly so, solitary in each involucre; fruit slightly fleshy at maturity, granulate or | tuberculate, not hairy; - plant glabrous or nearly so; stems deeply grooved, with thick, whitish angles: leaves apparently 4 inthe whorl, the blades somewhat rigid, thickish, shiny, mostly narrowly linear, sharply cuspidate, the midrib and margin thick, whitish___________~_ 1. G. MICROPHYLLUM. 1. Flowers not involucrate, usually distinctly pedicellate; fruit not fleshy at maturity (2). 2. Fruit not long-hairy; plants perennial; stems herbaceous above ground (3). 3. Stems stout, very rough to the touch; leaves apparently 5 or more in the whorl, the lower ones commonly more than 15 mm. long, with narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate blades; pedicels less than 5 mm. long; fruit tuberculate or minutely hispidulous__ 2. G. ASPERRIMUM. 3. Stems slender, not or barely rough to the touch; leaves commonly appearing to be 4 in the whorl, less than 15 mm. long; pedicels (some of them) usually more than 5 mm. long; fruit smooth, glabrate (4). 4. Herbage glabrous or very nearly so; stems commonly Jess than 20 em. SOTEUTAN: FETE 6621 Neale ler oe Rg CO a nce ga 3. G. BRANDEGEI. 4. Herbage sparsely and minutely hispidulous (exceptionally glabrous) ; stems commonly more than 20 em. long, not forming mats. 4. G. TRIFIDUM. 2. Fruit conspicuously hairy (sometimes glabrate at maturity in G. boreale), the hairs usually nearly as long as to longer than the transverse diameter of the earpel (5). 5. Hairs of the fruit straight, soft, white; plants perennial, more or less woody at base; leaves apparently i in whorls of 4, or fewer (6). 6. Corolla purplish to dark brown purple; flowers not dioecious; plants suffrutescent; leaf blades linear, narrowly lanceolate, or somewhat oblanceolate WD). 7. Stems and leaves hirtellous, at least near the base of the plant; leaves often somewhat feed ee oe ee 5. G. WRIGHTII. 7. Stems and leaves glabrous or puberulent; leaves rigid. 6. G. ROTHROCKII. 6. Corolla white, yellowish, or greenish (rarely purplish) ; flowers dioecious 8. Leaf blades obtuse or acutish at apex, thin, not rigid, linear or narrowly lanceolate, often reflexed, the midrib slender, not very prominent, the lateral veins obsolete; plant scarcely woody above ground, hirtellous-puberulent to nearly glabrous, scarcely rough to the ROLLS ORE ae SS Tae eo Se ee os oe le er ge 7. G. FENDLERI. 850 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 8. Leaf blades acute or acuminate and sharply cuspidate at apex, the midrib very prominent beneath; plants usually distinctly woody above ground; bark of the older stems pale, exfoliating (9). 9. Plant very rough to the touch, hispid or hispidulous, usually suffruticose; leaf blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, thick, rigid, the lateral veins obsolete____----__- 8. G. STELLATUM. 9. Plants scarcely rough to the touch, glabrous or obscurely hispidulous (rarely hispid), suffrutescent; leaf blades thin or only moderately thick, scarcely rigid (10). 10. Leaf blades lanceolate or lance-ovate, 6 to 15 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, the lateral veins (1 or more) usually perceptible but often-veryshont- 22s ae ee 9. G. WATSONI. 10. Leaf blades linear, 10 to 25 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, the lateral ves obsolete. 2222 = 222 ===" 10. G. COLORADOENSE. 5. Hairs of the fruit curved or uncinate; stems entirely herbaceous above ground (11). 11. Leaves apparently 5 or more in the whorl; stems long, weak, commonly reclining (12). 12. Plant annual, without a rootstock; stems rough to the touch, retrorsely hispid with pricklelike hairs; leaf blades linear, lanceo- late, or oblanceolate; fruit mostly 3 to 4mm. in transverse diameter at maturity, the hairs stiff, triangular-tuberculate at base, shorter than the transverse diameter of the carpel. 11. G. APARINE. 12. Plant perennial, with slender, elongate, branched rootstocks; stems not or very slightly rough to the touch, hispidulous, pilose, or nearly glabrous; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate, broadly oblanceo- late, or oblong-ovate, conspicuously setose-cuspidate; fruit less than 3 mm. in transverse diameter at maturity, the hairs not stiff, scarcely enlarged at base, about as long as the transverse diameter of the: canpel-ss2 22 .=.= =a 12. G. TRIFLORUM. 11. Leaves apparently not more than 4 in the whorl (18). 13. Flowers in elongate, many-flowered, often rather dense, not very leafy terminal panicles; corolla bright white; plant perennial, puberulent or glabrate; stems erect; leaf blades linear to broadly lanceolate, distinctly 3-nerved; fruit often glabrate in age. G. BOREALE. 13. Flowers in axillary or terminal, few-flowered, leafy cymes or, if more numerous and aggregated in terminal panicles, these very loose and very leafy; corolla yellowish or brownish; fruit permanently pubescent (14). 14. Plant annual, hispidulous or glabrate; leaf blades 1-nerved, seldom more than 1 cm. long; pedicels curved, usually shorter than the {rites 222 eS eee 14. G. PROLIFERUM. 14. Plant perennial, puberulent, soft-pilose, or villous; leaf blades usually indistinctly several-veined, the larger ones commonly more than 1 em. long; pedicels straight, usually much longer than the fruits: 22.2 3 eae eee 15. G. PILOSUM. 1. Galium microphyllum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Relbunium microphyllum Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot. 2: 63. 1881. Coconino County to Greenlee County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 7,000 feet, mostly along streams, common, April to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Several leading authorities recognize Relbunium as a genus distinct from Galium. 2. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 60. 1849. Greenlee, Graham, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 9,500 feet, common in coniferous forests in rich soil, July to September. New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. oo ee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 851 3. Galium brandegei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 58. 1876. Given for Arizona by K. Wiegand (Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 398. 1897), but no specimens are cited. A collection on the Kaibab Pla- teau, Coconino County (Grand Canyon Herb. 994) may belong here. Wyoming to New Mexico and southern California. 4. Galium trifidum L., Sp. Pl. 105. 1753. Willow Spring, southern Apache County (Palmer 514), Prescott, Yavapai County (McLellan and Stitt 1347), apparently very rare in Arizona. Labrador to Alaska, south to New York, Colorado, Arizona. and southern California. 5. Galium wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 8,500 feet, June to September. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 6. Galium rothrockii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 203. 1882. Coconino County (both sides of the Grand Canyon) to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 8,000 feet, rocky slopes, canyons, etc., common, July to September, type from Camp Critten- den, Santa Cruz County (Rothrock 675). Southern New Mexico to southeastern California and Mexico. Intergrades or hybridizes with the nearly related G. wrightii. 7. Galium fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 60. 1849. Greenlee, Graham, and Cochise Counties, 8,000 to 9,500 feet, coniferous forests, July and August. New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 8. Galium stellatum Kellogg, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 2: 97. 1863. Mohave, Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower, dry rocky slopes, common, January to May. Southern Utah and Nevada, central and western Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. = ae species 1s represented in Arizona by var. eremicum Hilend and owell. 9. Galium watsoni (A. Gray) Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 627. 1898. Galium multiflorum Kellogg var. watsoni A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed.2,12: 40. 1886. Both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), apparently common, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, also (?) Fossil Creek, Gila County (Collom 596), crevices of rocks on dry slopes, May to July. Idaho and Oregon to northern Arizona. Mrs. Collom’s specimen, and specimens collected on the north wall of the Grand Canyon (Eastwood and Howell 1008, 1008A), seem to approach G. munzi Hilend and Howell in their rough-hirsute or hispid pubescence. 852 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 10. Galium coloradoense W. F. Wight, Zoe 5: 54. 1900. Carrizo Mountains, Apache County (Standley 7353). Southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. Standley’s specimen has hispidulous stems and leaf margins. 11. Galium aparine L., Sp. Pl. 108. 1753. Navajo County to northern Mohave County, south to Pima County, 2.500 to 6,000 feet, mostly along streams, early spring. Widely distributed in the United States, presumably naturalized from Europe. Goosegrass bedstraw. A small-fruited form, var. vaillantiw (DC.) Koch (G. vaillantii DC.), has been reported as occurring in Arizona. 12. Galium triflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 80. 1808. White Mountains, Apache County (Griffiths 5342), Baker Butte and Upper Oak Creek, Coconino County (Toumey 166a, Fulton 7330), 6,000 to 8,000 feet, moist shady places, July to September. Canada and Alaska to Alabama, Arizona, and California. Sweet-scented bedstraw. The herbage is very fragrant in drying. 13. Galium boreale L., Sp. Pl. 108. 1753. Lukachukai Pass, Apache County (Hastwood and Howell 6789), Lakeside, Navajo County (Thornber 8901), 6,000 to 7,000 feet, July to August. Canada to Pennsylvania, Texas, eastern Arizona, and California; Eurasia. Northern bedstraw. 14. Galium proliferum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 67. 1853 Greenlee, Pinal, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, canyons and rocky slopes, March to May. Western Texas to south- ern Utah, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 15. Galium pilosum Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 145. 1789. Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County, about 7,000 feet (Peebles et al. 4504), rich soil in shade, growing with Circaea, July. Massachu- setts to Indiana, south to Florida and central Texas, and in south- eastern Arizona. The Arizona station is far to the west of the main area occupied by this species. 117. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HoNerysucKLE FAMILY Plants almost entirely herbaceous, or shrubby, or arborescent; leaves opposite, simple or compound; flowers perfect, regular or ir- regular; calyx with the tube wholly adnate to the ovary, the limb represented by 3 to 5 teeth or lobes; corolla funnelform or rotate; stamens 4 or 5, attached separately to the corolla; fruit berrylike, drupelike, or achenelike. This family includes numerous plants that are cultivated as orna- mentals, notably the bush honeysuckles and climbing honeysuckles (Lomecera spp.). Key to the genera 1. Leaves pinnately compound; flowers small, very numerous; corolla rotate or Saucer-shaped ss 2 coc shee sir Pe A ee 1. SamBucus. 1. Leaves simple; flowers relatively large, not very numerous; corolla tubular to. funnelform-campanulate (2). 2. Plant low, only slightly woody, with prostrate creeping stems; flowers in pairs on an elongate, slender, erect peduncle_-_-_-___- 3. LINNAEA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 893 2. Plant shrubby, with erect, climbing, or trailing stems; flowers in short spikes or axillary clusters (3). 3. Corolla regular or very nearly so, funnelform, funnelform-campanulate, or salverform, the tube not gibbous or swollen near the base; ovary 4-celled; berry commonly white, 1- or 2-seeded__ 2. SyYMPHORICARPOS. 38. Corolla more or less irregular, with a slightly to pronouncedly bilabiate limb, the tube more or less gibbous or swollen on one side near the base; ovary 2- or 3-celled (the partitions sometimes incomplete) ; berry not white, often containing more than 2 seeds__ 4. LonicERa. 1. SAMBUCUS. ELpER Large shrubs or small trees; stems pithy; leaves large, pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate; flowers in broad compound cymes, or pyramidal cymose panicles; corolla rotate, cream-colored or yellowish; fruits berrylike. The foliage is browsed by domestic animals and deer. The fruits are edible (except those of the red-fruited S. racemosa) and are very attractive to birds. They are sometimes used for making jelly and wine. It has been reported, however, that the fruits, as well as the flowers, bark, and roots, when eaten raw, may poison animals. All parts of the plants are reputed to have medicinal virtues, but these are probably largely imaginary, although the flowers are stated to be diuretic. The Mexican elder (S. mexicana), Arizona’s most treelike species, Is sometimes planted as an ornamental in the southern part of the State. Key to the species 1. Inflorescence broadly short-pyramidal, with the axis extended beyond the lowest branches; leaflets lanceolate to oblong-ovate, sharply serrate; berries not glaucous (2). 2. Berries bright red at maturity; branchlets and leaves glabrous or glabrate; leaflets commonly 7; corolla WellOwasiiee ere Ae 1. S. RACEMOSA. 2. Berries black at maturity ; branchlets and the lower face of the leaves usually scurfy-puberulent or sparsely villous; leaflets commonly 5; corolla whit- SIONS: Ss a iy Bey ae ean Oe Ale ae 9 2 2. S. MELANOCARPA. 1. Inflorescence flat-topped, with elongate, compound rays, the axis not or seldom extended beyond the lowest branches; berries dark blue, commonly glaucous (3). 3. Leaflets gradually long-acuminate, thin, commonly 5 or 7, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the larger ones seldom less than 8 em. long; inflores- cence very open, 10 to 30 cm. wide, the primary branches usually hori- OMAN GIVEN CCM se — weeks Sse ee Re 2 3. S. NEOMEXICANA. 3. Leaflets short-acuminate, usually thickish, commonly less than 8 cm. long; inflorescence somewhat dense, seldom more than 15 cm. wide, the primary branches usually ascending (4). 4. Branchlets and the lower face of the leaflets finely pubescent, the branch- lets densely so; leaves deciduous; leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong. 4. §. VELUTINA. 4, ma arty and leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent, rarely copiously so (5). 5. Leaves persistent; leaflets 3 to 5 (seldom with a small additional basal pair), oblong-lanceolate to ovate or somewhat obovate, rather abruptly acuminate, finely and closely serrate; berries moder ately glaucous; plant usually a tree, up to 10m. high___ 5. S. Mexicana. 5. Leaves deciduous: leaflets 5 to 9 (rarely only 3), lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, eradually acuminate, sharply and often rather deeply serrate; berries very glaucous; plant commonly a large shrub; branchlets and leaves glabrous or very nearly so-_ 6. S. COERULEA. 1. Sambucus racemosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 270. 1753. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 7,500 to 10,000 feet, moist 854 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE forests, June and July. Throughout the cooler parts of North Amer- ica; Eurasia. The Arizona form is var. microbotrys (Rydb.) Kearney and Peebles (S. microbotrys Rydb., S. acuminata Greene), with the leaves and branchlets glabrous or nearly so. The herbage is strong-scented, and the fruits are reputed to be poisonous. The type of S. acuminata came from Mount Agassiz (Pearson 330). 2. Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 19: 76.. 1883: White Mountains (Apache County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), reported also from the Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), 7,500 feet and probably higher, May to July. Alberta and British Columbia to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. 3. Sambucus neomexicana Wooton, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 309. 1898. Coconino County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 9,500 feet, mostly along streams, July and August. New Mexico and Arizona. This shrub attains a height of 2.5 m. (8 feet) and has been reported to reach 6.5 m. (21 feet). Both the typical form, with the branchlets and leaves glabrous or nearly so, and var. vestita (Woot. and Standl.) Kearney and Peebles (S. vestita Woot. and Standl.), with the branch- lets and leaves persistently puberulent or tomentulose, are found in Arizona. The variety has been collected in the Pinal, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rita Mountains. 4. Sambucus velutina Dur. and Hilg., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: Sa l8a0r Hualpai Mountain, Mohave County (Goldman 2980, Kearney and Peebles 12725), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, yellow pine forest. Western Arizona and California. 5. Sambucus mexicana Pres] in DC., Prodr. 4: 322. 1830. Sambucus coerulea Raf. var. arizonica Sarg., Man. Trees North Amer. ed. 2, 885. 1922. Gila, Yavapai, and Mohave Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 4,000 feet, frequent along streams and ditches, April to June. Southern New Mexico to southern California and northern Mexico. Mexican elder (pl. 29). The tree attains a height of 9 m. (30 feet) and a trunk diameter of 45 em. (18 inches). It is the only nonmontane species in the State. 6. Sambucus coerulea Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 48. 1838. Both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), near Prescott (Yavapai County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), 6,500 to 8,000 feet, coniferous forests, June to August. Alberta and British Columbia to Arizona and southern California. Usually a many-stemmed shrub, up to 6 m. (20 feet) high, sprouting freely from the root. Mexican elder (Sambucus mexicana), near Patagonia, Santa Cruz County, altitude 4,000 feet. Tree about 20 feet high, in flower. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 855 2. SYMPHORICARPOS. 2” SNowBeEerRry Shrubs with the older bark exfoliating; leaves opposite, simple, without stipules, the blades entire to sinuately lobed; flowers regular or nearly so, the corolla campanulate, funnelform, or salverform, 4- or 5-lobed, pink or white, often pubescent within, with 1 to 5 nectaries at base; ovary 4-celled, 2 of the cells containing 1 large fertile pendu- lous ovule, the other cells containing several small abortive ovules; berry ovoid, ellipsoid, or subglobose; nutlets normally 2, more or less compressed. The plants afford valuable browse for livestock and deer. They contain saponin but in such small quantity that poisoning rarely occurs. The plants are often cultivated for their long-persistent, very ornamental, waxy-looking white fruits, which are eaten by many kinds of birds. The species are difficult to identify in the absence of flowers. Key to the species 1. Corolla salverform, 11 to 13 mm. long, with only 1 small basal nectary, glabrous within; style 5 to 7 mm. long, usually pilose above the midd?e; anthers sessile; leaves oblanceolate, glaucous, 6 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide. S. LONGIFLORUs. 1. Corolla long-campanulate or tubular-funnelform, 6 to 13 mm. long, with 5 basal nectaries; style 3 to 5 mm. long, usually glabrous; anthers equaling or somewhat shorter than the free portion of the filaments (2). 2. Young twigs completely glabrous (3). 3. Corolla long-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long, the tube pilose within; leaf buds lanceolate in outline, acuminate; leaves normally very glaucous beneath, pilosulous, rarely glabrous; plant low, spreading. 2. SS. PARISHII. 3. Corolla tubular-funnelform, 11 to 13 mm. long, the tube sparsely pilose to nearly glabrous within; leaf buds ovate in outline, acute; leaves almost always entirely glabrous; plant erect_____ 3. S. OREOPHILUS. 2. Young twigs puberulent or pubescent; corolla pilose within (4). 4. Pubescence of the young twigs dense, of straight spreading hairs; corolla tubular-funnelform, 8 to 10 mm. long; anthers reaching only to the base of the coroila lobes; leaves roundish oval, dark green, obtuse or obtusish, softly pubescent on both faces, 1 to 3 em. long, 6 to 18 CEng TMS (oy cit Sah cans ee ee A Ss eee 4. SS. ROTUNDIFOLIUs. 4. Pubescence of the young twigs not dense or, if so, then the hairs short and curved (5). 5. Corolla funnelform-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long; young twigs loosely pilosulous, the internodes occasionally glabrous; a low spreading shrub; leaves glaucous, pilosulous_____________ 2. S. PARISHII. 5. Corolla tubular-funnelform, 8 to 12 mm. long; young twigs tomentulose- puberulent with short curved hairs (6). 6. Plant erect; leaves puberulent, scarcely paler beneath, the principal veins prominent on the upper surface in dried specimens, the petioles 2 to 4 mm. long; nutlets lanceolate in outline or fusiform, acute or apiculate at base, 5 to 7mm. long__ 5. S. uTAHENsIs. 6. Plant trailing; leaves short-pilosulous, paler beneath, the veins ob- scure on the upper surface, the petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; nutlets elliptic in outline, flattened, acutish at base, 4 to 5 mm. long. 6.- S. PALMERI. 1. Symphoricarpos longiflorus A. Gray, Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 14:12. 1873. Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Wolf Hole, Pagumpa Springs, and Peach Springs (Mohave County), 4,000 32 Reference: JONES, GEORGE NEVILLE. A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SYMPHORICARPOS. Arnold Arbo- retum Jour. 21: 201-252. 194). 856 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE to 8,000 feet, foothills, canyons, and pine forests, April to June. Western Colorado and western Texas to Oregon and eastern Cali- fornia. 2. Symphoricarpos parishii Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 545. 1899. Grand Canyon, Flagstaff, etc. (Coconino County), 5,000 to 9,000 feet, dry hills, in the open or in chaparral, April to July. Nevada, northern Arizona, and southern California. Specimens labeled as from Fort Mohave (Lemmon in 1884) doubt- less were collected at a more elevated station. 3. Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray, Linn. Soc. London Jour. Bot. 4a Sion Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, south to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 9,000 feet, mostly in pine forests, May to August. Colorado and western Texas to eastern Nevada, Arizona, and northern Sonora. 4. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 66. 1853. Apache, Coconino, Yavapai, and Gila Counties, 4,000 to 10,000 feet, rocky slopes, May and June. Southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. 5. Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 544. 1899. Carrizo Mountains, Apache County (Standley 7384), Navajo Mountain, Coconino County (Peebles and Smith 13960), near Pine, Gila County (MacDougal 702), 6,000 to 8,000 feet, canyons and slopes, June and July. Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. 6. Symphoricarpos palmeri G. N. Jones, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 21: 243. 1940. White Mountains (Apache County), Keam Canyon (Navajo County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), 7,000 to 8,200 feet, moist slopes and swales, May to July. Southern Colorado and western Texas to eastern Arizona. 3. LINNAEA. TWINFLOWER Plant evergreen, nearly herbaceous; stems slender, creeping, form- ing loose mats; leaf blades thickish, obovate or nearly orbicular, crenulate; flowers nodding; corolla nearly regular, broadly funnel- form, 5-lobed, white tinged with pink; stamens 4, unequal in length; ovary 3-celled; fruit 1-seeded, dry, indehiscent. 1. Linnaea borealis L., Sp. Pl. 631. 1753. White Mountains, Apache County (Zuck in 1907, Goodding 1162), Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Grand Canyon Herb. 678), deep coniferous forests, June and July. Greenland to Alaska, south to nen Jersey, Michigan, New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California; urasia. | The name of this beautiful little plant, very rare in Arizona, com- memorates the great botanist Linnaeus. The Arizona form is var. americana (Forbes) Rehder (L. americana Forbes). 7) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 857 4. LONICERA. ® HoNEYSUCKLE Plants shrubby; stems erect, trailing, or twining; leaf blades broad, normally entire; flowers in 2’s or 3’s on axillary peduncles, or in axillary or terminal whorls, these often forming interrupted spikelike inflorescences; corolla nearly regular to strongly bilabiate; fruit berrylike. It is stated that the fruits contain saponin and have emetic and cathartic effects. The plants are mostly unpalatable, but some species are browsed. They are, however, regarded with suspicion by stockmen. The fruits are eaten by birds and chipmunks. L. arizonica, Which resembles the trumpet or coral honeysuckle of the eastern United States (L. sempervirens L.), is worthy of cultivation as an ornamental climber. Key to the species 1. Flowers in pairs on more or less elongate axillary peduncles; stems erect or ascending; branches with solid pith; leaves all petioled, never connate- perfoliate; tube of the corolla gibbous or saccate on one side at base, the limb nearly regular (2). Fruits at maturity black, closely enveloped by the glandular-ciliate, broadly ovate bractlets, these becoming enlarged and rose red to reddish brown; leaf blades ovate or oblong, acuminate at apex, paler but green beneath; corolla slightly gibbous, yellow, less than 15 mm. long. 1. L. INVOLUCRATA. 2. Fruits at maturity orange yellow to bright red (rarely dark blue), not closely enveloped by the small, glabrous, subulate, green bracts; leaf blades oblong, elliptic, ovate, or slightly obovate, obtuse or rounded at apex, whitish beneath; corolla strongly gibbous (almost spurred), yellowish white, usually more than 15 mm. long-_ 2. L. UTAHENsIs. 1. Flowers several or numerous in axillary or terminal, whorllike, compound cymes, these sometimes aggregated in spikelike inflorescences; stems straggling or clambering (seldom twining in the Arizona species) ; branches hollow; uppermost pair or pairs of leaves usually sessile and connate- perfoliate, the blades broadly oval, ovate, or nearly orbicular, whitish beneath; fruits red at maturity (3). 3. Corolla coral red outside (often drying purplish), orange within, the limb short, only slightly bilabiate, one-fifth to one-fourth as long as the tube, the latter slightly swollen on one side well above the base; sta- mens inserted deep in the corolla tube; leaf blades ciliate, up to 7 cm. long; whorl of flowers single, or the whorls crowded together in a sub- capitate spike, this usually distinctly stalked and not closely subtended by the uppermost pair of leaves; style glabrous or very nearly so. 3. L. ARIZONICA. 3. Corolla whitish or pale yellow, deeply 2-lipped, the lips nearly as long as the tube, the lower lip spreading or reflexed; stamens inserted near the summit of the corolla tube (4). 4. Bracts more than one-half as long as the ovary; corolla 10 to 15 mm. long, the tube as long as the limb; stems herbaceous above; leaves persistent, the blades commonly glabrous, sometimes pubescent beneath; whorls of flowers several, well separated, forming elongate, interrupted, small-bracted spikes, these terminating the axis and the somewhat elongate branchlets_____________ 4. lL. INTERRUPTA. 4. Bracts less than one-half as long as the ovary; corolla usually more than 15 mm. long, the tube usually longer than the limb; stems woody almost throughout; leaf blades pubescent, at least beneath; whorl of flowers single (if more than one, the whorls so closely crowded as to appear one), borne at the ends of the short branchlets and closely subtended by the uppermost pair of leaves____-__ 5. L. ALBIFLORA. to 53 Reference: REHDER, ALFRED. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS LONICERA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 14: 27-232. 1903. 858 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 759. 1825. Xylosteum involucratum Richards., Bot. App. Frankl. Journey (eee kes: Apache, Coconino, Greenlee, Graham, and Cochise Counties, especially on the White Mountains, San Francisco Peaks, Pinaleno Mountains, and Chiricahua Mountains, 7,500 to 10,500 feet, open coniferous forests, often along streams, June and July. Canada and Alaska to Michigan, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. Bearberry honeysuckle, inkberry, pigeonbush, twinberry. Suckers freely and tends to form thickets. The flowers attract hummingbirds. 2. Lonicera utahensis S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 133. 1871. Xylosteon utahense Howell, Fl. Northwest. Amer. 282. 1900. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), 9,500 to 11,000 feet, open coniferous forests, gregarious, July. Montana to British Columbia, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and northern California. 3. Lonicera arizonica Rehder, Trees and Shrubs 1: 45. 1902. Apache County and Coconino County (both sides of the Grand Canyon), to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, open coniferous forests, June and July, type from the Rincon Mountains, Pima County (Pringle in 1884). Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. Arizona honeysuckle. Closely related to L. ciliosa Poir., and some of the Arizona specimens (e. g. Rusby in 1883) appear to be inter- mediate. 4. Lonicera interrupta Benth., Pl. Hartw. 313. 1839. Gila and Pima Counties, in the Pinal, Sierra Ancha, and Santa Catalina Mountains, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, chaparral, usually near streams, May and June. South-central Arizona and California. Chaparral honeysuckle. 5. Lonicera albiflora Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 6. 1841. Southern Apache County and Gila County to Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, along streams, April to June. Arkansas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The species is represented in Arizona by var. dwmosa (A. Gray) Rehder (L. dumosa A. Gray). 118. VALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILY Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; leaves opposite, without stipules; flowers perfect or unisexual, somewhat irregular, in cymose panicles; calyx with the tube wholly adnate to the ovary and with the limb represented by pappuslike bristles, or obsolete; corolla salver- form; stamens commonly 3, borne on the corolla; ovary 3-celled, with 2 of the cells empty; fruit achenelike, 1-seeded. Key to the genera 1. Limb of the calyx obsolete; corolla with a long pendent spur at base of the throat c: 2 2 Se a 1,. PLECcTRITIS: 1. Limb of the calyx represented by a circle of setiform lobes, these at maturity elongating and becoming a pappuslike ring of plumose bristles surmounting the fruit; corolla not spurred, the tube sometimes gibbous or slightly Saccate ss 22 cee se ee 2. VALERIANA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 859 1. PLECTRITIS Plant annual, glabrous; stems seldom more than 20 cm. long, erect, sparingly branched; leaves (except the lowest ones) sessile, the blades all entire, those of the upper leaves oblong, those of the lower leaves spatulate or obovate; flowers small, in dense terminal or subterminal clusters; corolla 2-lipped, pink; fruit commonly short-pilose, keeled dorsally, broadly winged. 1. Plectritis macrocera Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 50. 1841. Valerianella macrocera A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 83. 1883. Gila, Yavapai, and Pima Counties (doubtless elsewhere), 3,000 to 5,000 feet, moist usually shaded soil along streams, March and April. Nevada and Washington to Arizona and California. 2. VALERIANA. VALERIAN, TOBACCO-ROOT Plants perennial, with rootstocks or tubers; leaves mostly pinnate or pinnately parted; flowers perfect or unisexual; calyx limb of pappuslike bristles, these elongate and spreading in fruit; corolla with the limb nearly regular, the tube swollen on one side; fruit achenelike, glabrous or puberulent. The dried plants have a strong, unpleasant, very characteristic odor, which persists for years in herbaria. The roots of V. edulis and perhaps of other species were boiled and eaten by the Indians. V. acutiloba is reported to have some value as forage. Key to the species 1. Stems from a large vertical caudex, up to 1 m. long, stout, erect; leaves thickish, with several conspicuous veins nearly parallel with the midvein, the basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, long-petioled, entire or pinnately parted with few divisions, the stem leaves sessile or nearly so, usually pinnately parted with few elongate, linear, lanceolate, or spatulate divisions; flowers dioecious or polygamous, in an elongate very open panicle; corolla of the staminate flowers yellowish, less than 3 mm. long, the tube not or scarcely longer than the limb; fruits glabrous or puberulent_______ 1. V. EDULIs. 1. Stems not from a large vertical caudex; leaves thin, with inconspicuous or spreading lateral veins; corolla pink or whitish (2). 2. Rootstock short, tuberlike, usually vertical; leaves very thin and flaccid, pinnate with 3 or more leaflets (some of the basal ones rarely simple and coarsely toothed), all petioled (the petioles of the uppermost leaves sometimes very short), the leaflets broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, coarsely serrate or laciniate with numerous teeth; inflorescence an open elongate panicle of loosely flowered cymes; flowers monoecious; corolla 1 to 2 mm. long; fruits strigose-puberulent________ 2. V. SORBIFOLIA. 2. Rootstock elongate, usually horizontal; leaves firm, the basal ones petioled, mostly simple and entire, oblanceolate or obovate, the upper stem leaves sessile or subsessile, pinnately cleft or pinnate with very few narrow mostly entire divisions or leaflets; inflorescence at anthesis short and compact, often subcapitate, in fruit more open and elongate; flowers perfect; corolla at least 4 mm. long; fruits mostly glabrous (3). 3. Corolla 4 to 6 mm. long, the tube much shorter than the throat and limb; blades of the basal leaves attenuate at base, elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, commonly 5 cm. long or longer________ ~~ 3. V.ACUTILOBA. 3. Corolla 8 to 12 mm. long, the tube nearly as long as to much longer than the throat and limb; blades of the basal leaves rounded or short- cuneate at base, ovate, seldom more than 4 em. long. V. ARIZONICA. 860 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 48. 1841. Valeriana trachycarpa Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 645. 1904. Apache County to Coconino County and the mountains of Cochise County, 7,000 to 9,500 feet, rich moist soil usually in open coniferous forests, June to September. Montana and Idaho to New Mexico and Arizona. iim The prevailing form in Arizona, with glabrous fruits, is V. trachy- carpa Rydb. 2. Valeriana sorbifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 332. 1819. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 7,000(?) feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, July to October. South- ern Arizona to Central America. 3. Valeriana acutiloba Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 24. 1901. Apache County to Coconino County, 7,000 to 9,000 feet, mountain meadows, June and July. Wyoming to New Mexico and northern Arizona. V. acutiloba is perhaps not specifically distinct from V. sylvatica Banks. 4. Valeriana arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: Ol 18Sae Apache and Coconino Counties, south to the mountains of Pima County, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, rich moist soil in coniferous forests, May and June, type from near Prescott (Palmer). Apparently known only from Arizona. 119. CUCURBITACEAE. Gourpb FAMILY Plants herbaceous, annual or perennial; stems with tendrils, trailing or climbing; leaves simple or compound; flowers mostly unisexual, regular or nearly so, solitary or m racemose or corymbose clusters; calyx tube wholly adnate to the ovary; corolla gamopetalous, or of separate petals; stamens commonly 3 and more or less united, free from the corolla or nearly so; fruits various. This family comprises numerous valuable plants such as the melons, squashes, pumpkin, cucumber, and gourds. None of the species native to Arizona is of much economic importance, although some of them seem worth cultivating as ornamental climbers. Key to the genera 1. Fruits gourdlike, hard-shelled, not spiny, at maturity 4 em. in diameter or larger, many-seeded; stems prostrate or trailing, with short, relatively stout, few-coiled tendrils; leaves large; corolla yellow (2). 2. Leaf blades reniform, wider than long, very shallowly lobed or with merely undulate, dentate margins; staminate flowers in racemes or corymbs; calyx tube cylindric, about as long as the corolla____1. APODANTHERA. 2. Leaf blades not reniform, longer than wide, or else palmately dissected; staminate flowers solitary; calyx tube campanulate, much shorter than tHe corollas eos aah Ls eh aig ORE OL geet ger 4, CUCURBITA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S61 1. Fruit not gourdlike or hard-shelled, at maturity not more than 3 cm. in diam- eter; stems climbing, with long, filiform, many-coiled tendrils; flowers monoecious (except in Jbervillea); corolla whitish or pale yellow (3). 3. Hypanthium (at least in the pistillate flowers) long and narrowly cylindric; fruits globose, berrylike, smooth, several-seeded (4). 4. Thickened root single; flowers dioecious, the staminate ones with a short campanulate hypanthium; seeds rounded at the large end. 2. IBERVILLEA. 4. Thickened roots clustered, often forked; flowers monoecious, the staminate ones with a long, slender-cylindric hypanthium; seeds truncate at the ioe: (Gnd o> 5 oe oh eee). Ae he oe 3. TUMAMOCA. 3. Hypanthium short-campanulate or, if elongate-cylindric (in the pistillate flowers of genus Brandegea), then the fruit asymmetric, long-beaked, 1- celled and 1-seeded; fruits not globose and berrylike or, if so, then spiny; corolla of the staminate flowers rotate, whitish (5). . Ovule and seed solitary; ovary 1-celled; corolla of the staminate flowers not more than 6 mm. in diameter (6). 6. Fruit very asymmetric, narrowly obovoid, with a long slender beak; Piast perenniles, ve oo 3 Se 2 eke 8. BRANDEGEA. 6. Fruit symntetric or nearly so, ovoid, not long-beaked; plants annual (7). 7. Pistillate flowers in short-stalked, subcapitate or subumbellate clus- ters, not hidden by the bracts; fruit spiny; corolla lobes not bi- oS th Ae ee pe eed es ee es ee ee 9. Sicyos. 7. Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf axils, each enveloped and hidden by an infolded, leaflike, 3-lobed and dentate bract; fruit smooth; corolla lobes bicuspidate______ 10. SicyosPERMA. 5. Ovules and seeds several, on 3 or more placentas; fruit spiny; pistillate flowers solitary (8). 8. Anthers completely fused and appearing as a horizontal ring opening all around; leaf blades pedately parted ordivided__ 11. CyYcLANTHERA. 8. Anthers evidently more than one, opening longitudinally; leaf blades not parted or divided, but sometimes deeply cleft (9). 9. Plant perennial; fruit globose; seeds round and turgid__ 7. Maran. 9. Plants annual; fruit ovoid; seeds flat (10). 10. Fruit regularly dehiscent (operculate), the acuminate apical portion coming away as a lid, the spines glandular-hirsute. 5. ECHINOPEPON. 10. Fruit bursting irregularly at the rounded apex (not operculate), fie spines not hirsute_-. =. .-2.--==--_- 6. Ecurnocystis. Or 1. APODANTHERA. MELOoN-Loco Plant perennial, coarse, with a large thick root, the herbage harshly appressed-pubescent; flowers few, unisexual (monoecious) ; calyx with the tube (hypanthium) 1.5 to 2.5 em. long and the teeth subulate; corolla yellow, the lobes separate or very nearly so; stamens 3, one with a 1-celled anther and two with the anthers 2-celled, the anthers separate, sessile; fruit oval, longitudinally ridged. 1. Apodanthera undulata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 60. 1853. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 5,500 feet, dry plains and mesas, sometimes on limestone slopes, June to Septem- ber. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. The plant has a disagreeable odor. © 2. IBERVILLEA Plant perennial, glabrous or nearly so; stems slender, from a thick nearly globose root; leaves pedately parted or divided; flowers small, dioecious, the staminate ones in short racemes or corymbs, the pistillate flowers solitary, axillary; fruit a red globose berry. 862 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Ibervillea tenuisecta (A. Gray) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 1136. 1903. Sicydium lindheimeri A. Gray var. tenuisecta A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 75.- 1852. The writers have seen no specimens from Arizona, but the plant is reported to occur in Guadalupe Canyon (Cochise County) in the extreme southeastern corner of the State. Western Texas to south- eastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 3. TUMAMOCA A slender-stemmed glabrous perennial with a cluster of thick tuber- like roots; leaves thin, pedately 3-parted, the divisions deeply cleft or parted into narrow segments; flowers monoecious, the staminate ones in short racemes, the pistillate flowers solitary; calyx tube slender; corolla pale yellow, the lobes narrow; fruit a globose several-seeded berry, red or yellow at maturity. 1. Tumamoca macdougalii Rose, Contrib. U. 8. Natl. Herbarium 16: Palko SAQA Known in Arizona only from the type locality, Tumamoc Hill, near Tucson (Pima County), about 2,500 feet, dry soil among rocks, climb- ing over bushes. Southern Arizona and Sonora. Ira L. Wiggins, who discovered the Sonoran station for this very rare plant, near Carbo, wrote (personal communication): ‘Root tuberous, each tuber 5 to 12 em. long; flowers greenish; plants trailing on the ground or climbing 1 to 1.5 m. in a tangled mass in bushes. The tubers smell like decaying cabbage when bruised.” 4. CUCURBITA Coarse perennial herbs with trailing stems from a large thick root, the herbage harshly appressed-pubescent; flowers few, unisexual (monoecious) ; corolla yellow, 3 cm. long or longer, the tube campanu- late, much longer than the lobes; stamens with separate filaments and connate anthers; fruit globose, smooth, gourdlike. Key to the species 1. Leaf blades triangular-ovate, longer than wide, at most shallowly angulate- lobed, acuminate, up to at least 30 cm. long, the upper face uniformly pubescent =... 8 2 52 20s eee 1. C. FOETIDISSIMA. 1. Leaf blades palmately 5-cleft or 5-parted, the lobes or divisions entire or angu- lately few-toothed, the upper face conspicuously more pubescent along the veins than elsewhere, the lower face uniformly pubescent (2). 2. Blades up to 25 em. long, cleft very nearly to the base, with lanceolate, often very narrow lobes, the upper face dark green, with conspicuous broad bands of white pubescence along the veins, otherwise nearly glabrous. 2. C. DIGITATAL 2. Blades not more than 10 em. long, cleft not nearly to the base, with deltoid lobes, the upper face light green, with pubescence less restricted to the VOIMIS 2 fs 2 Se a 3. C. PALMATA. 1. Cucurbita foetidissima H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 123. 1817. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Maricopa Counties, 1,000 to 7,000 feet, mostly in alluvial soil, often at roadsides, May to August. Missouri and Nebraska to Texas, Arizona, southern Cali- fornia, and Mexico. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 863 Buffalo-gourd, calabazilla. A conspicuous, rank-growing, ill- smelling plant with numerous stems up to 6 m. (20 feet) long, and striped gourdlike fruits about 10 em. (4 inches) in diameter. The fruits were eaten by the Indians of Arizona cooked, or dried for winter use, and the seeds were eaten in the form of mush. This plant should be useful as a ground cover. 2. Cucurbita digitata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 60. 1853. Graham County to Maricopa County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima (and doubtless Yuma) Counties, 5,000 feet or lower, dry plains and mesas, June to October. Southwestern New Mexico to southeastern California and northern Mexico. Fruit at maturity pale yellow, striped longitudinally. 3. Cucurbita palmata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proe. 11: tad. 1846: Near Boulder Dam, Mohave County (Clover 4196), Yuma County, 1,000 feet or lower, sandy soil of plains and mesas, July (?) to Septem- ber. Southwestern Arizona, southern California, and Baja Cali- fornia. Sometimes called coyote-melon. 5. ECHINOPEPON Plant annual, with slender climbing stems; leaves shallowly lobed, cordate at base; flowers monoecious, the staminate ones in long racemes, the pistillate flowers solitary; corolla of the staminate flowers 7 to 8 mm. in diameter, glandular-punctate, the lobes triangular; fruit ovoid, not more than 1.5 cm. in diameter, spiny, opening by an _ apical lid, commonly 3-celled. 1. Echinopepon wrightii (A. Gray) S. Wats., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 158. 1887. Elaterium(?) wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2:61. 1853. Santa Cruz and Pima (doubtless also Cochise) Counties, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, along streams, climbing over shrubs, August and September. Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 6. ECHINOCYSTIS. Mocx-ctucuMBER Stems slender, climbing, from an annual root; leaf blades thin, deeply lobed; flowers monoecious, those of both sexes from the same axils, the staminate ones numerous in long compound racemes, the pistillate flowers few or solitary; corolla not punctate, the lobes ligulate- lanceolate; fruit ovoid, up to 2.5 cm. in diameter, armed with soft spines, irregularly dehiscent. 1. Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North. Amer. 1: 542. 1840. Sicyos lobata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 217. 1803. Flagstaff, Coconino County, alluvial soil (Thornber 8579). New Brunswick to Manitoba and southern Idaho, south to Pennsylvania, Texas, and northern New Mexico and Arizona. 286744°—42 59D 864 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The plant is ornamental, and its occurrence at Flagstaff may be attributable to escape from cultivation. In this case, it is doubtful that it has become established in Arizona. 7. MARAH.* BiGRoot, WILD-cCUCUMBER Plant perennial with a very large tuberlike root; stems climbing; leaves deeply cleft, the lobes triangular or oblong-lanceolate; corolla of the staminate flowers 6 to 10 mm. in diameter, whitish; fruit 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, somewhat fleshy, with stout smooth spines, bursting irregularly. The root of a related species, IZ. fabacea (Naud.) Greene, contains 2 elucosides, one cathartic, the other with the property of dilating the pupil of the eye. It is not known whether these constituents are present in the Arizona species. 1. Marah gilensis Greene, Leaflets 2: 36. 1910. Greenlee County to Mohave County, south to Pinal and Pima Counties, 4,500 feet or lower, common, mostly in thickets along streams, February to April. Southwestern New Mexico and Arizona. “This wild cucumber sends up succulent shoots or stems very early, sometimes in early March. These shoots grow very rapidly, but in spite of their early appearance appear to be very susceptible to cold. I have known two sets of shoots to be killed down by freezing tempera- tures in early spring, and the third set to come to perfection later on.”’ (Collom, ms.) 8. BRANDEGEA Stems slender, from a thick root, clambering over low shrubs; leaf blades conspicuously pustulate above, deeply cleft, the lobes narrow, entire or sparingly dentate; staminate flowers in racemes, the pistillate flowers solitary; corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed, yellowish white; fruit obovoid, long-beaked, sparsely echinate with short stout spines. 1. Brandegea bigelovii (S. Wats.) Cogn., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. ye Oe Wren . Ibo: Elatervum bigelovm S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. WEN LEST 3 Western Maricopa, western Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 feet or lower, not infrequent in sandy soil along washes, March, type from ‘‘the Lower Colorado Valley” (Bigelow). Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and northwestern Mexico. 9. SICYOS. ONE-SEEDED BUR-CUCUMBER Plants annual; stems climbing; leaf blades angulate to deeply cleft; staminate and pistillate inflorescences mostly from the same axils, long-peduncled, the staminate ones loose, the pistillate ones dense; corolla of the staminate flowers rotate, whitish; anthers 2 to 5, separate or united, the filaments united; fruit not fleshy, ovoid, armed with slender, minutely and retrorsely barbed, deciduous spines. 54 Reference: DUNN, S. T. THE GENUS MARAH. Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1913: 145-153. 1913. ; FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 865 Key to the species 1. Leaf blades cleft to the middle or deeper, the lobes oblong, more or less share yi ee eee ee, ee NS 1.. S. LACINIATUS. 1. Leaf blades not cleft to the middle, angulate or very shallowly lobed, the lobes broadly triangular, merely esis ee 2. S. AMPELOPHYLLUS. 1. Sicyos laciniatus L., Sp. Pl. 1013. 1753. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882), Sep- tember. Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. The Arizona form is var. genuina Cogn. 2. Sicyos ampelophyllus Woot. and Standl., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 36: 111. 1909. Sicyos laciniatus var. subintegrus Cogn. in DC., Monog. Phan. Cucurb. 880. 1881. Yavapai, Cochise, and Pima Counties (probably elsewhere), 4,000 to 5,500 feet, in shade along streams, August and September. New Mexico and Arizona. 10. SICYOSPERMA Plant annual; stems slender, climbing; leaf blades thin, angulate, or shallowly lobed with broad triangular lobes; flowers monoecious, the inflorescences few-flowered, axillary, the pistillate flowers conspicu- ously bracteate; staminate corolla rotate, whitish; fruit small, dry, without spines. 1. Sicyosperma gracile A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 62. 1853. Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,600 to 5,500 feet, along streams in partial shade, August and September. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 11. CYCLANTHERA Plant annual, glabrous; stems slender, climbing; leaves mostly pedately compound, the divisions stalked; ‘flowers of both sexes from the same axils, the staminate flowers in ‘small racemes or panicles, the pistillate flowers solitary; corolla rotate, whitish; fruit dry, nar- rowly ovoid, somewhat asymmetric, acuminate, 2 to 3 cm. long, armed with long slender smooth spines, bursting irregularly. 1. Cyclanthera dissecta (Torr. and Gray) Arn., London Jour. Bot. 3: 280. 1841. Discanthera dissecta Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 1: 697. 1840. Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 4,000 (to 5,000?) feet, along streams, September and October. Kansas to Louisiana, Texas, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 120. CAMPANULACEAE. BELLFLOWER FAMILY Contributed by Rogers McVauGcH Plants herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent, the juice usually milky; leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate; flowers normally 5-merous (the carpels 2 to 5, in Specularia the calyx lobes 3 to 5); corolla sympeta- lous; style 1; ovary usually inferior or partly so; fruit a capsule; seeds numerous, minute. 866 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the genera 1. Corolla regular; anthers and filaments distinct; capsule opening by lateral pores formed by the uplifting of small lids: Subfamily Campanuloi- deae (2). 2. Flowers terminal or axillary, on long pedicels; corolla campanulate, relatively deep; plants perennial ------- +--+ ++ - eH 1. CAMPANULA. 2. Flowers axillary, sessile; corolla rotate, relatively shallow; plants annual. 2. SPECULARIA. 1. Corolla irregular, usually strongly so; filaments united into a tube; anthers distinct or united; capsule opening apically, by valves or somewhat irregularly: subfamily Lobelioideae (3). 3. Anthers distinct, all alike; flowers minute, 5 mm. long or less; leaves in a basal rosette; plants of deserts and semideserts, annual___ 3. NEMACLADUS. 3. Anthers united into a tube, 3 of them longer than the other 2; flowers 10 mm. long or more; leaves mostly cauline; plants of moist situations (4). 4. Corolla tube slit down one side nearly to the base________ 4. LopeEt.ia. 4, Corolla tube entire, not slit down one side_____-____- 5. PoRTERELLA. 1. CAMPANULA. BELLFLOWER Plants glabrous or nearly so; upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, the basal and lower leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, or ovate, petiolate, sometimes cordate; flowers blue or violet, showy; hypanthium tur- binate-obconic; ovary and capsule trilocular. Several species of this very attractive genus are cultivated as ornamentals. Key to the species 1. Calyx lobes entire; mature capsule nodding, the valves at the very base. . CC. ROTUNDIFOLIA. 1. Calyx lobes normally with 1 or more callose teeth on each side; mature capsule erect, the valves distinctly above the middle, usually two-thirds to three- fourths of the distance from base to apex_______-______-+ 2. C. PARRYI. 1. Campanula rotundifolia L., Sp. Pl. 163. 1753. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), 9,000 feet or higher, meadows and rocky slopes, June to September. Boreal regions of North America and Eurasia, south in western North America, in the mountains, to Coahuila, eastern Arizona, and northern California. Harebell, bluebell. An exceedingly widespread and variable species. Numerous segregates have been proposed, but at the present time the most conservative course appears to be to regard them all as phases of one polymorphic species. 2. Campanula parryi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2,21: 395. 1886. Kaibab Plateau, San Francisco Peaks, near Flagstaff, Clark Valley (Coconino County), 7,000 to 10,000 feet, mountain meadows, July to September. Wyoming and central Utah to northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. 2. SPECULARIA. VENUS-LOOKINGGLASS Plants somewhat hairy; leaves ovate to oblong or suborbicular, sessile or clasping; flowers dimorphic, the earlier ones small and cleistogamous, the later flowers petaliferous, showy, purple or violet; hypanthium short-cylindric or elliptic; ovary and capsule regularly trilocular, or sometimes bilocular. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 867 Key to the species 1. Valves of the capsule near the summit; leaves sessile, ovate or the upper ones wg. CS re ee ee ee eat ee De. Papa © keane Se 1. §. BIFLORA. 1. Valves of the capsule at or below the middle; leaves strongly cordate-clasping, or the lower ones merely sessile__________~___-_____ 2. S. PERFOLIATA. 1. Specularia biflora (Ruiz and Pavon) Fisch. et Mey., Index Sem. Hort. Petrop..1: 17. 1835. Campanula biflora Ruiz and Pavon, FI. Peruy. Chil. 2:55. 1799. Gila County and southward, 5,300 feet or lower, April to June. Southern Virginia to Arkansas, southern Arizona, coastal California, and southward; South America. 2. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC., Monog. Campan. 351. 1830. Campanula perfoliata L., Sp. Pl. 169. 1753. Coconino County and southward, 7,500 feet or lower, spring and summer. Southern Ontario to southern British Columbia, south to the West Indies, southern Mexico, Arizona, and northern California. 3. NEMACLADUS Plants diffusely branched, with delicate slender stems, 5 to 30 cm. high; cauline leaves reduced to subulate or linear bracts; flowers loosely racemose on all the branches; corolla white or purplish tinged, more or less bilabiate; ovary and capsule bilocular, or sometimes becoming unilocular. Key to the species 1. Capsule 2.3 to 5 mm. long, free from the calyx its entire length; corolla tube 2 to 3 mm. long, usually exceeding the calyx lobes; corolla (in the Arizona WameLy) .o bei os long os ee 1. N. LONGIFLORUS. 1. Capsule 1.0 to 2.0 (rarely 2.5) mm. long, free from the calyx about half its length; corolla tube not more than 1.5 mm. long, usually exceeded by the calyx lobes (2). 2. Anthers 0.4 to 0.8 mm. long; lower part of the stem silvery-gray, shining; corolla lobes united at the very base only, the lobes much longer than REI E {eee oe eae ab Sere 2 Se ee eee 3. N. RUBESCENS. 2. Anthers 0.1 to 0.3 (rarely 0.4) mm. long; lower part of the stem purplish or brownish, lacking a silvery-gray sheen (3). 3. Seeds pitted, the pits in about 10 rows of 10 to 12 each; pedicels usually spreading in a graceful double curve; corolla tubular, the tube equaling pele Mee OE ATI 2 2 Ly ge 2. N. GRACILs. 3. Seeds with distinct, somewhat flattened, longitudinal ridges separated by sharply impressed lines, each ridge divided by 15 to 20 fine transverse lines; pedicels usually somewhat ascending, distinctly stiff; corolla deeply divided, the lobes longer than the tube. 4. N. GLANDULIFERUS 1. Nemacladus longiflorus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 60. 1876. Represented in Arizona by var. breviflorus McVaugh, of which the type (Peebles et al., 3754) was collected between Tucson and Sells (Pima County), about 2,300 feet, sandy soil. This is the only known Arizona locality. The variety, as well as the typical form of the species, occurs most abundantly in the deserts and desert mountains of southern Cali- fornia. The typical form of the species, with corolla 5.0 to 8.0 mm. long, has not been reported from Arizona. "i ea en eae 868 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Nemacladus gracilis Eastw., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 30: 500. 1903. Nemacladus ramosissimus Nutt. var. gracilis Munz, Amer. Jour. Bot. 11: 240. 1924. This species is included in the flora of Arizona by virtue of a speci- men, now in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, labeled ‘Central Arizona” (Palmer 300). The range of the species lies west of the Mohave and Colorado Deserts for the most part, and, although it is known from Clark County, Nevada, and eastern San Bernardino County, Calif., there are no authentic modern records of its occurrence in Arizona. 3. Nemacladus rubescens Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1: 197. 1885. Nemacladus rigidus Curran var. rubescens Munz, Amer. Jour. Bot. 11: 245. 1924 (in part). Western Mohave and Yuma Counties, 1,800 feet or lower, dry gravelly or rocky soil in desert regions, mostly April to May. Nevada, western Arizona, southern California, and Baja California. A well-marked species, easily distinguished from all others by the silvery-gray stems and the smooth, yellowish-green, nearly entire leaves. 4. Nemacladus glanduliferus Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 975. 1925. Nemacladus rigidus var. rubescens Munz, Amer. Jour. Bot. 11: 245. 1924 Gn part). Throughout Arizona except the northeastern part (absent in Coco- nino, Navajo, and Apache Counties), up to 5,000 feet, sandy deserts and desert mountains, March to May. Southwestern Utah to southern California, south to Sonora and Baja California. Represented in Arizona by var. orientalis McVaugh. This variety is more widely distributed than any other member of the genus. 4. LOBELIA Plants erect, more or less strict; inflorescence a single terminal raceme (occasionally with subordinate lateral inflorescences) ; corolla showy, strongly bilabiate; flowers inverted in anthesis, the pedicel twisted. Many species of Lobelia have beautiful flowers and several of them are grown as ornamentals. Key to the species 1. Corolla normally blue; flower, when straightened, not more than 23 mm. long; filament tube 1.5 to 5.0 mm. long (2). 2. Plant annual or biennial; filament tube 1.5 to 2.38 mm. long, the anthers all densely white-tufted at tip; corolla tube with slits in the sides in addition to the dorsal slit; leaves sharply serrate, broad and often clasping at | Gy: Koi PM eae Mean ey eine PE ee We tg A 1. L. FENESTRALIS. 2. Plant with a perennial rootstock; filament tube 3.5 to 5.0 mm. long, the 2 smaller anthers white-tufted at tip, the 3 larger ones smooth or nearly so; corolla tube entire except for the dorsal slit; cauline leaves shallowly dentate or subentire, narrowed at base, never clasping. 2. LL. ANATINA. 1. Corolla normally red, or red and yellow; flower when straightened 25 mm. long. or longer; filament tube 18 to 35 mm. long (8). 3. Pedicels elongate, 3 to 10 em. long in fruit; anther tube 5 to 9 mm. long. 3. L. LAXIFLORA 3. Pedicels short, seldom more than 1.5 cm. long in fruit; anther tube 3 to 4 TONE, ra ye ee Rup Ree. 4. L. CARDINALIS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 869 1. Lobelia fenestralis Cav., Icon. Pl. 6: 8. 1801. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), near Patagonia (Santa Cruz County), also a collection by Lemmon labeled as from Oak Creek (Coconino County), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, meadows and swales, August to November. Western Texas to Arizona and southward to Oaxaca. 2. Lobelia anatina Wimmer, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 19: 385. 1924. Apache County to Coconino County, south to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,600 to 8,600 feet, meadows, marshy places, and stream banks, July to October. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and southward to Durango. A species quite distinct from L. gruina Cay., to which most of the United States material has previously been referred. 3. Lobelia laxiflora H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 311. 1819. Sycamore Canyon, near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, about 4,000 feet (Goodding in 1936), the only known locality in the State. Southern Arizona and throughout most of Mexico and Central America. A polymorphic species. Many so-called species have been segre- gated from it, but the better course appears to be to regard them all as varieties of the original L. laxiflora, the typical form of which is found in the region of Vera Cruz and southward. The plant of Arizona, at least for the present, is best referred to var. angustifolia A. DC. 4. Lobelia cardinalis L., Sp. Pl. 930. 1753. Throughout most of the State, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, frequent in moist soil, especially along streams, July to October. Widely distributed in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Cardinalflower. Represented in Arizona by subsp. gramineéa (Lam.) MeVaugh. Plants of this subspecies have previously been reported as L. splendens Willd. or L. fulgens Willd. 5. PORTERELLA Plant annual, diffuse, weak-stemmed; leaves lanceolate to linear, entire or essentially so, the lower leaves often submersed and eariy deciduous; corolla blue with a yellow eye, showy; flowers inverted in anthesis. 1. Porterella carnosula (Hook. and Arn.) Torr. in Hayden, Geol. Sur- vey Mont. Rpt. 488. 1872. Lobelia carnosula Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 362. 1840. Fort Valley, Coconino County, about 7,500 feet (Fulton 4373), the only known Arizona locality, muddy pools and margins of streams and ponds. Northern Wyoming to Oregon, south to northern Arizona and northern California. 121. COMPOSITAE. SuNFLOWER FAMILY Contributed by S. F. Brake Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled, entire to dissected, never truly compound; flowers borne in a head (this rarely 1-flowered) on a receptacle, surrounded by an involucre of 87() MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE phyllaries (bracts), hermaphrodite, or pistillate, or hermaphrodite with a more or less abortive pistil and functionally staminate, or neu- tral (with an ovary but lacking astyle and astigma) ; corolla gamopeta- lous, either regular, tubular, and 5-toothed (rarely 2- to 4-toothed), or bilabiate, or ligulate (flattened, strap-shaped, and usually 2- to 5- toothed), the corolla rarely wanting in the pistillate flowers; stamens (in the hermaphrodite or staminate flowers) almost always 5, united by the anthers or rarely only by the filaments, inserted on the corolla; ovary inferior, 1-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule; style normally 2-branched, the branches stigmatiferous inside, often bearing sterile appendages at apex, the style in functionally staminate flowers often undivided; fruit an achene, with a single erect exalbuminous seed, usually bearing a pappus of bristles, of awns, or of scales (paleae or squamellae). | The family comprises several well-known vegetables, notably lettuce (Lactuca sativa), artichoke (Cynara scolymus), salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius), endive (Cichorium endwia), and_ Jerusalem-artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Species of goldenrod (Solidago), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus), and ‘Colorado rubber plant” (Actinea) contain appreciable quantities of rubber, but commercial exploitation of these plants has not yet been found practicable. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) has been exploited extensively in the wild state in Mexico and grown to a limited extent in the United States as asource of rubber. The family is rich in oils, resins, and bitter principles, and many species are used in medicine. The well-known insecticide, pyrethrum, is furnished by the powdered flowers of a few species of Chrysanthemum. Many of the family are browsed by grazing animals, but their palata- bility is generally low, because of their resinous or acrid properties. A few species are known to be poisonous to livestock. The ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.) are notable, because their wind-borne pollen is one of the most frequent causes of hay fever. Goldenrod, although popu- larly regarded as an important source of hay fever, is now considered to be of little if any importance in this respect. The flower heads are frequently showy, often beautiful, and many Compositae are in cultivation as ornamentals, notably in the genera: Ageratum, Anthemis, Arctotis, Aster, Bellis, Boltonia, Calendula, Callistephus (China-aster), Centaurea, Chrysanthemum, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dahlia, Dimorphotheca, Echinops (globethistle), Hrigeron, Felicia, Gaillardia, Gazania, Gerbera, Helenium, Helianthus (sunflower), Helichrysum. (everlasting, strawflower), Heliopsis, Inula, Jurinea, Krigia, Liatris (blazing-star), Ligularia, Matricaria, Notonia, Olearia, Onopordon, Piqueria, Rudbeckia, Santolina, Sanvitalia, Senecio, Solidago, Stokesia, Tagetes, Tanacetum, Tithonia, Ursinia, Vernonia, Wataa, Xanthisma, Xeranthemum, Zinnia. Key to the principal divisions 1. Corollas of some or all of the flowers distinctly bilabiate__.....__.._._---- A. 1. Corollas not or obscurely bilabiate (2). 2. Flowers all hermaphrodite (perfect) and with strap-shaped 5-—toothed corollas B 2. Flowers, when hermaphrodite, with the corolla tubular and regular or nearly so; marginal flowers of the head often pistillate or neutral and often with strap-shaped, 2- or 3-toothed corollas (3). 3. Rays (strap-shaped coroilas) none or the ligule vestigial (4). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA rt Spe ansTais BONG AIT VRE a eee FE ee nt ee 8-2 4. Pappus evident on some or all of the achenes (5). 5. Achenes with a pappus of awns or scales (paleae, squamellae) or both, these sometimes united into a low chaffy crown D. 5. Achenes with a pappus of capillary bristles, rarely with additional Tle tag So TS ioled oh "ee 2 Tt sok = eh eR yA cS =e ee Ee E 3. Rays present but sometimes small (6). 6. Pappus of capillary bristles, rarely with a few short outer scales____ F. 6. Pappus none, or of awns or scales (7). 7. Achenes without pappus, or the pappus vestigial_______________- G. 7. Achenes (some or all of them) with a pappus of awns, or scales, or both, THESE Separate OF UNiLed 10.4 crown. — == = - H Key to the genera A. Corollas of some or all of the flowers bilabiate. 1. Flowers at the margin of the head pistillate and with strap-shaped 3-toothed corollas, the other flowers perfect and with bilabiate corollas; plants ee Sie a. ea ee ee ee ee ee ee 121. Cuaprazia. 1. Flowers all perfect and with bilabiate corollas; stems leafy (2). 2. Plants herbaceous; corollas pink or whitish; involucre strongly graduated. 122. PEREZIA. 2. Plant shrubby; corollas yellow; involucre in only 2 distinct series. 123. Trrxis. B. Flowers all hermaphrodite and with strap-shaped 5-toothed corollas. ire nener Wi enih panini 2 Ae Be 125. ATRICHOSERIS. 1. Achenes with pappus (2). 2. Pappus, at least in part, of plumose bristles (3). 3. Phyllaries in several strongly graduated series, very obtuse, broadly scarious-margined; receptacle chaffy; flowers yellow. 128. ANISOCOMA. 3. Phyllaries not in several graduated series but often with a much shorter outer series, not, or narrowly, scarious-margined; receptacle naked (4). 4. Achenes truncate at apex; plants more or less rushlike; corollas pink. 130. STEPHANOMERIA. 4. Achenes tapering or beaked at apex (5). 5. Plant scapose; leaves hispid; corollas yellow____ 129. LEoNToDON. 5. Plants leafy-stemmed; leaves not hispid (6). 6. Leaves pinnatifid; corollas white or pinkish; involucre with an outer series of short bractlets______________ 131. NEMOSERISs. 6. Leaves grasslike, entire; corollas yellow or violet purple; involucre without short outer bractlets_____________-_ 132. TRAGOPOGON. i) . Pappus of nonplumose bristles or of awns or scales (7). 7. Pappus, at least in part, of awns or scales (8). 8. Corollas blue; plant with leafy branched stems_-_-_-__~_ 124. CIcHORIUM. 8. Corollas yellow or orange (9). 9. Plants scapose or subscapose; pappus simple, of bifid paleae tipped J FLIP SQ) CORTE: 1 ga oe At nee eae ee 126. MuicRosERIs. 9. Plants caulescent, the stems few-leaved; pappus double, the outer series of thin short scales, the inner series of much longer bristles. 127. Kriera. 7. Pappus of capillary bristles only (10). 10. Achenes more or less flattened; stems leafy; heads in panicles (11). 11. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric; ‘achenes not beaked. 138. SoNncHUs. 11. Involucre cylindric or ovoid-cylindric; achenes beaked. 139. Lacruca. 10. Achenes not flattened (12). 12. Achenes not beaked (13). 13. Pappus quickly deciduous, or with 1 to 8 stiff persistent bristles: POUR gi ED en se a re 8 2S 134. MaLacorHRIx. 13. _Pappus persistent (14). 14. Plants rushlike or spinescent; corollas pink. 140. LyGopEsmra. 872 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 14. Plants not rushlike or spinescent; corollas yellow, rarely white or flesh-colored (15). ; 15. Phyllaries somewhat thickened at base or on the midrib; pappus white: 22 02238 ease ss ee 143. CREPIs. 15. Phyllaries not thickened; pappus dingy or brownish, or some- times “whites. <2 == 2s wee Tee 144. HiprRacium. 12. Achenes beaked (16). 16. Pappus soon deciduous (17). 17. Leaves not crustaceous-margined; plants conspicuously stipi- tate-glandular above; achenes tapering into the beak, not trans verselyaTueWlOse: == ee 135. CALYCOSERIS. 17. Leaves crustaceous-margined; plants not stipitate-glandular: achenes abruptly beaked, transversely rugulose between the Tibs 3 Aa See ae ee eee eee 136. GLYPTOPLEURA. 16. Pappus persistent (18). 18. Achenes 10- to 15-ribbed or -nerved, not spinulose-muricate; phyllaries imbricate in several graduated series (19). 19. Corollas rosy or whitish; phyllaries with conspicuous blackish or brownish, scarious tips; pappus brownish. 133. PINAROPAPPUS. 19. Corollas yellow or orange, sometimes turning purplish in age; phyllaries without dark scarious tips; pappus white or WhItISHh Ss .2222 ee ee ee ele eee 141. AGoszris. 18. Achenes 4- or 5-ribbed, spinulose-muricate above; phyllaries in 2 unequal series, the outer ones much shorter (20). 20. Plants seapose, the scapes naked, 1-headed; pappus whitish, without a woolly ring at base_______- 137. TARAXACUM. 20. Plants caulescent, the stems more or :ess ieafy and branched; pappus brownish, with a woolly ring at base. 142. PYRRHOPAPPUS. C. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or nearly reguiar corolla; rays and pappus none or vestigial. 1. Heads unisexual, monoecious; pistillate heads with 1 to 4 flowers enclosed in a nutlike or burlike involucre, only the style tips exserted (2). 2. Phyllaries of the staminate heads separate; fruiting involucres burlike, covered withshooked prickles=2s-> 25 aan eee eee 51. XANTHIUM. 2. Phyllaries of the staminate heads united (8). 3. Pistillate involucre with several transverse scarious wings; leaves or their lobéslinear-thifiorm= 222 = 5s ee eer 48. HyYMENOCLEA. 3. Pistillate involucre without transverse wings; leaves and their lobes not linear-filiform (4). 4, Fruiting involucre unarmed or with a few teeth or tubercles in a single series below the beak:2 2 =n ee eee 49. AMBROSIA. — 4, Fruiting involucre with several or many spines in more than one series. 50. FRANSERIA. 1. Heads not unisexual; involucre not nutlike or burlike (5). 5. Flowers all hermaphrodite (6). 6. Heads 1- or 2-flowered, aggregated in dense glomerules (7). 7. Phyllaries of the individual heads connate into a toothed tube; leaves ovate; petioled:-22 52. Suse te fee eee epee eee 38. LAGASCBA. 7. Phyllaries of the individual heads separate; leaves lanceolate, sessile or subsessileca Soe Sete Us ge eer ele eee ne ety eee 87. FLAVERIA. 6. Heads many-flowered, not in glomerules (8). 8. Receptacle chaffy (9). 9. Inner phyllaries united at base into a cup; achenes thickish, papil- Lat@n. SE sees ape ie ay ee renner eee 74. THELESPERMA. 9. Inner phyllaries not united; achenes strongly compressed, very flat, not papillate (10). 10. Achenes strongly ciliate on the margin___________ 64. ENCELIA. 10. Achenes not.evidently cillate=2= 252s nee ee 65. Simstia. 8. Receptacle not chaffy (11). iif; Achenes strongly-compressed] = 9 = = === aes 84. LAPHAMIA. 11. Achenes plump (12). 12. Phyllaries with conspicuous whitish or yellow tips and margins; achenes strongly 4- or 5-angled, usually hirsute on the angles. 90. HYMENOPAPPUS. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 873 12. Phyllaries not with conspicuous whitish or yellowish tips and margins; achenes otherwise (13). i. Meads solitary or eymosen. 32 Oe 108. MarricaRia. 13. Heads in spikes or racemes, these often panicled. 110. ARTEMISIA. 5. Flow ers not all hermaphrodite, the outer ones pistillate and fertile, the inner ones hermaphrodite but often sterile (14). 14. Plants woolly, annual, dwarf (15). 15. Bracts subtending the pistillate flowers completely enclosing them, and tipped with a hyaline appendage-_-------__---_-- 32. STYLOCLINE. 15. Bracts subtending the pistillate flowers more or less open, not com- pletely enclosing the flowers (16). 16, (Pales of the receptacle, flattisn—— 9-22-2522. 2-4-2225 33. Evax. 16. Pales of the receptacle, at least the outer ones, boat-shaped. 34. FILaco. 14. Plants not woolly or, if so, then perennial (17). ig irecepiacio nobchatiqn = eos es 22 110. ARTEMISIA. 17. Receptacle chaffy, at least toward the margin (18). 18. Achenes densely long-villous; leaves or their lobes linear-filiform. 46. OXyYTENIA. 18. Achenes not long-villous; leaves or their lobes not linear-filiform (19). 19. Achenes with pectinate or toothed wings- - ------ 47. Dicorta. 19. Achenes not with pectinate or toothed wings (20). 20. Pistillate flowers 6 to 8; achenes with an acute margin and a terminal apiculation, falling away at maturity with the pales of the opposed disk flowers__-___-_-__-- 44, PARTHENICE. 20. Pistillate flowers 5; achenes otherwise______. __-_-- 45. Iva. D. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or nearly regular corolla; rays none or vestigial; pappus present, of awns or scales or both, these sometimes united into a low chaffy crown. 1. Receptacle chaffy (2). 2 Lappus Ob, AbOUU Ls. UmIMOSe -AWNS. 222522. i ek 77. BEBBIA. | 2. Pappus not of plumose awns (8). | 3. Pappus of numerous flattened bristles__._______-__--_- 30. BaccHARIs. 3. Pappus of 1 to 4 teeth, squamellae, awns, or paleae (4). 4. Achenes with pectinate or toothed wings___________-_- 47. Dicoria. 4. Achenes not with pectinate or toothed wings (5). 5. Awns or teeth not retrorsely barbed; plants shrubby (6). 6. Achenes somewhat thickened, not notably ciliate on the margin. 63. FLOURENSIA. 6. Achenes very flat, conspicuously ciliate on the margin. 64. ENCcELIA. 5. Awns or teeth retrorsely barbed; plants herbaceous (7). 7. Inner phyllaries united about to the middle, forming a cup. ‘THELESPERMA. 2 inner phyllaries nop umited - 2. 2.2 2222. c2 28 Se 75. BIDENS. 1. Receptacle not chaffy, sometimes setose or fimbrillate (8). 8. Heads 1-flowered, crowded in dense glomerules; involucres of the individual heads tubular, 5- or 6-toothed at tale ee yee Berens, SE Ee ES 38. LaGascra. 8. Heads several- or many-flowered (9). 9. Plants strictly dioecious, the heads on some plants entirely pistillate, on others with hermaphrodite but sterile and functionally staminate |GCOW | 2) Piet ae or REO pe Aas Se ear ag ae 30. BaccHaRIs. 9. Plants not dioecious (10). 10. Receptacle densely setose all over; thistlelike herbs (11). 11. Pappus of numerous slender plumose paleae, united at base and Gecidueus th arrings 2 PY sb ee J oe ee ee 118. CyYNaRA. 11. Pappus of numerous setae or paleae, not united at base, separately C6 LET CIV ONC) D Fe lel ye a ki ARO NaS a geo PS 120. CENTAUREA. 10. Se naked, fimbrillate, or sparsely setose; plants not thistle- ike 12. Pappus of 2 to 8 caducous awns; plants usually strongly glutinous. GRINDELIA. 12. Pappus otherwise (13). 13. Pappus of numerous graduated bristles, the inner ones somewhat flattened and paleaceous; low shrub, with crowded, subterete, impressed-punstate leaves........---- 112. PEUCEPHYLLUM. 874 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 13. Pappus otherwise (14). 14. Leaves and involucre conspicuously punctate with translucent oil glands (15). 15. Pappus of 3 to 6 entire paleae; phyllaries strictly 1-seriate, united essentially to the apex into a toothed cup or tube. 102. TaGETEs. 15. Pappus of paleae dissected into bristles, or else of 10 paleae or squamellae; phyllaries more or less distinctly 2-seriate. 103. Dyssopta. 14. Leaves and involucre sometimes impressed-punctate, but not with translucent oil glands (16). 16. Pappus of 12 or more paleae, these nearly or quite as long as the achene (17). 17. Herbs; involucre not conspicuously graduated. 91. HYMENOTHRIX. 17. Shrubs; involucre conspicuously graduated (18). 18. Leaves opposite; corollas purple-tinged. . CARPHOCHAETE. 18. Leaves alternate; corollas yellow (19). 19. Plant very viscid; paleae of the pappus 12 to 16, essentialixnequali a. = 0h mwa 11. VANCLEVEA. 19. Plant not viscid; paleae and bristles of the pappus more numerous, distinctly graduated. 14. ACAMPTOPAPPUS. 16. Pappus of fewer than 12 paleae or squamellae, or else these much shorter than the achene (20). 20. Heads 5-flowered; pappus of 3 to 5 awns, with or without as many short squamellae, or reduced to a toothed crown. 1. (STHVIA 20. Heads with more numerous flowers, or else the pappus otherwise (21). 21. Achenes strongly compressed; pappus of 1 or 2 slender awns and often a crown of squamellae, or of a crown of lacerate squamellae only (22). 22. Achenes not evidently ciliate; pappus of 1 or 2 awns. 84. LAPHAMIA. 22. Achenes strongly ciliate on the margin; pappus of a crown of squamellae and often 1 or 2 awns (23). 23. Heads radiate; leaves not hastate-triangular or caudate-acuminate .-_-________ 83. PERITYLE. 23. Heads discoid; leaves hastate-triangular, caudate- acumiuiniatess jac 2k Lo ee oe 85. PERICOME. ik Sone not compressed, or else the pappus otherwise 24). 24. Pappus a low entire crown; low annual herb, pine- apple-scented= 22 === aes 108. Marricaria. 24. Pappus otherwise; plants not pineapple-scented (25). 25. Heads mostly 4- to 6-flowered, about 2.5 em. high. 5. CARPHOCHAETE. 25. Heads with more numerous flowers, or else much smaller (26). 26. Pappus a crown of short dissected squamellae, or of 5 paleae dissected into bristles (27). 27. Glabrous annual; phyllaries chartaceous, green- tipped; pappus a low dissected crown. 22. GREENELLA. 27. Woolly annual; phyllaries not chartaceous; pappus of 5 paleae dissected into numerous bristles. “2322 ee lores 97. ‘TRICHOPTILIUM. 26. Pappus otherwise (28). 28. Phyllaries with a thin, scarious, white, yellow, or purplish margin and tip (29). 29. Plants tomentose; pappus of 10 or more paleae or squamellae. 90. HyMENOPAPPUS. a FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 879d 29. Plants not tomentose; pappus of 8 paleae or squamellae (30). 30. Heads with fewer than 10 flowers; achenes strongly quadrangular. 89. ScHKUHRIA. 30. Heads with more than 19 flowers; achenes not strongly quadrangular. 96. Banta. 28. Phyllaries not with a scarious colored margin and tip (31). 31. Leaves decurrent; corollas fuscous; pappus squamellae about 5, obtuse, much shorter than the achene___-_-_--_-_ 99. HELENIUM. 31. Leaves not decurrent; corollas not fuscous; pappus paleae or squamellae usually more numerous or longer (32). 32. Corollas yellow_____- 93. ERIOPHYLLUM. 32. Corollas white, flesh-colored, or purplish (33). 33. Plant scapose, with roundish entire or crenate leaves. 95. CHAMAECHAENACTIS. 33. Plants leafy-stemmed; leaves not round- ish and entire or subentire (34). 34. Pappus paleae with a strong midrib; leaves lanceolate or linear, entire. 92. PALAFOXIA. 34. Pappus paleae nerveless or essentially so; leaves, at least in part, toothed to pinnatifid____ 94. CHAENACTIS, E. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or nearly regular corolla; rays none or vestigial; pappus present, of capillary bristles, rarely with addi- tional outer scales. 1. Receptacle densely bristly (2). 2. Leaf margins neither prickly nor spiny; pappus bristles not united at base nor PSCIAMOMIS AU a tM eee te a yee sy Pt 120. CENTAUREA. 2. Leaf margins prickly or spiny; pappus bristles united at base and deciduous in a ring (8). 3. Pappus bristles flattish, barbellate; leaves blotched with white along the eae Seeeee rene A emis Sree eee er 119. SriyBum. 3. Pappus bristles slender, plumose; leaves not blotched with white (4). 4. Phyllaries comparatively narrow, at least the outer ones spine-tipped. 117. Crrstum. 4. Phyllaries broad (about 1 em. wide), not spine-tipped__ 118. CyYNara. 1. Receptacle naked or chaffy (5). 5. Phyllaries scarious or hyaline, or in genera Baccharis and Pluchea only partly so (6). 6. Heads unisexual; plants dioecious (7). 7. Plants large, not tomentose, shrubby, at least at base; heads numerous, in panicles; phyllaries chartaceous, scarious-margined. 30. BaAccHARIS. 7. Plants small, tomentose, strictly herbaceous; heads few, in short racemes or corymbs, these sometimes panicled, or the heads rarely solitary; phyllaries strictly scarious (8). 8. Heads strictly dioecious; plants low, the basal leaves in a rosette, the Stemi leaves PEQUCEG ee oe ee 35. ANTENNARIA. 8. Heads subdioecious, the pistillate ones usually with a few hermaphro- dite flowers in the center; plant usually at least 30 cm. high, MUM ee ask TOSEIMe fe ye eee A ea 36. ANAPHALIS. 6. Heads with the marginal flowers pistillate, the central flowers perfect (9). 9. Receptacle chaffy except in the center; plants small, woolly. 34. Finaco. 9. Receptacle naked (10). 10. Phyllaries subsearious; corollas purplish; plants not tomentose. 31. PLUCHEA. 876 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 10. Phyllaries scarious; corollas rarely purplish; plants tomentose (11). 11. Heads subdioecious, the pistillate ones usually with a few central hermaphrodite. towers== a= === eee 36. ANAPHALIS. 11. Heads all alike and heterogamous- _-_---_---- 37. GNAPHALIUM. 5. Phyllaries herbaceous, at least in the center (12). 12) Heads unisexual> plants: diocelous= === === === 30. BaccHARIS. 12. Heads not unisexual (13). 13. Plants low, depressed, scurfy-pubescent, winter-annual; leaf blades broadly ovate or suborbicular__-___-_----_- 113. PsatrHyRorsEs. 13. Plants perennial or, if annual, then not low and scurfy-pubescent (14). 14. Phyllaries and leaves bearing ccnspicuous translucent oil glands (15). 15. Phyllaries relatively numerous, usually in more than 1 series and with some bractlets at base; pappus bristles basally united in STOUPSss- Sas 2a 2 ee ee ee eee 0a DP ycsoninw 15. Phyllaries few (5 to 8), free, equal, strictly lI-seriate; pappus bristles frees mumerouss sss ee 104. PoropHytuum. 14. Phyllaries and leaves sometimes impressed-glandular but not with translucent oil glands (16). 16. Phyllaries proper 4 to 7, in a single series, of equal length (17). 17. Plant herbaceous; leaves very large, decompound. 114.) CACATTA: 17. Plant shrubby; leaves narrow, entire-_- ---- 115. Trrrapymta. 16. Phyllaries more than 7 (18). 18. Pappus bristles plumose (19). 19. Annual herb, with deltoid-ovate leaves and cylindric heads, these in a slender leafless virgate panicle. 3. CARMINATIA. 19. Perennial herbs or shrubs; leaves and_ inflorescence otherwise (20). 20. Intricately branched shrub; corollas yellow__ 77. Brpsta. 20. Perennial herbs, or shrubby at base, not much branched; corollas whitish (21). 21. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 3-nerved; heads 9- to 12- flowered 2 oh ose ek Tee 6. BRICKELLIA. 21. Leaves narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved; laverKols) anrevoyeiilOyereol = ee 7. KUHNIA. 18. Pappus bristles not plumose (22). 22. Plants shrubby; leaves of the branches reduced to scales; involucre strongly graduated, the phyllaries not in vertical ranks (23). 23. Phyllaries lanceolate, acute; achenes silky-pubescent. 27. ASTER. 23. Phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse; achenes glabrous. 110a. LrprpospaRrTum. 22. Plants otherwise in habit and foliage, or else the phyllaries in distinct vertical ranks (24). 24. Shrub; leaves crowded, linear-filiform, subterete, im- pressed-punctate; involucral bracts nearly in 1 series and of equal length, subulate, herbaceous. 112. PrucEPHYLLUM. 24. Herbs or, if shrubby and with subterete impressed-punctate leaves, then the involucral bracts not equal, nor subulate, nor herbaceous (25). 25. Pappus double, the outer series of short scales, the inner series of capillary bristles; white-barked shrub with small leaves, the petioles much longer than the blades. . HOFMEISTERIA. 25. Pappus simple or else the plants herbaceous (26). 26. Heads with the outer flowers pistillate and the central flowers hermaphrodite (27). 27. Phyllaries subequal; corollas whitish_. 29. Conyza. 27. Phyllaries distinctly graduated; corollas purplish. ol.) PrucHnae 26. Heads with all of the flowers hermaphrodite (28). 28. Pappus of 2 to 8 caducous bristlelike awns; herbs, more or less; viscid == === 10. GRINDELIA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S77 28. Pappus bristles more numerous, not caducous (29). 29. Achenes 5-angled or 5-ribbed; corollas white, pink, blue, or purple; leaves often opposite.” EUpATORIUM. 29. Achenes not 5-angled or 5-ribbed, or else the corol- las yellow (30). 30. Pappus of 5 paleae dissected above into bristles. 97. TRICHOPTILIUM. 30. Pappus otherwise (31). 31. Outer corollas enlarged and palmate; low annual, tomentose below, glandular above. 20. LESSINGIA. 31. Outer corollas not enlarged (32). 32. Achenes 10-ribbed; involucre usually strongly graduate, the phyllaries striate; leaves often opposite; corollas not yellow. . BRICKELLIA. 32. Achenes not 10-ribbed; phyllaries not striate; leaves alternate; corollas nearly always yellow (383). 33. Phyllaries in a single series of equal length, or with a few much shorter outer bractlets; style tips truncate. 116. SENEcrO. 33. Phyllaries more or less unequal and im- bricate, in more than 1 principal series; style tips not truncate (34). 34. Phyllaries in more or less distinct verti- cal ranks__ 19. CHRYSOTHAMNUS. 34. Phyllaries not in vertical ranks (35). 35. Plants woody or else the leaves spinulose-toothed; phyllaries in 2 or more graduated series, often closely imbricate. 18. APLOPAPPUS. 35. Plants herbaceous, the leaves not spinulose-toothed; phyllaries usually subequal, scarcely im- brentes = =e. > 28. ERIGERON. F. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or nearly regular corolla; rays evident but sometimes small; pappus of bristles, these mostly capillary, rarely with a few short outer scales. 1. Rays white, pink, purple, or violet (2). 2. Leaves and involucre marked with translucent oil glands__ 103. Dyssopra. 2. Leaves and involucre without translucent oil glands (3). 3. Pappus of 1 or 2 bristlelike awns, these not plumose__-___ 84. LAPHAMIA. 3. Pappus bristles more numerous, or else single and plumose (4). 4, Ray achenes enveloped by the subtending phyllaries; pappus of the disk achenes of 10 stout hairy bristles, the hairs on their outer side straight, on the inner side entangled into a woolly mass_ 80. Layta. 4. Ray achenes not enveloped by the subtending phyllaries; pappus other- wise (5). 5. Ray flowers with pappus none or vestigial__-__--~-_- 24. PSsILAcTIs. 5. Ray flowers with evident pappus (6). 6. Plants dwarf hispid-hirsute winter annuals; upper leaves closely subtending the heads; pappus of a single plumose bristle and a scarious cup, or of numerous unequal bristles or narrow paleae. 25. MoNnoprion. 6. Plants otherwise in habit, or in the pappus (7). 7. Style tips lanceolate or subulate, acute or acuminate; phyllaries usually strongly graduated, often partly herbaceous; rays mostly relatively broad-_..—.......=..:.__.__ 27. ASTER. 7. Style tips deltoid, obtuse or rounded; phyllaries usually equal or little graduated; rays mostly very narrow_ 28. ERIGERON. 58 Brickellia floribunda, which might also run down to this point in the key, may be distinguished from any native species of Eupatorium by its combination of rather large heads (9 to 12 mm. high) and strongly graduated involucre of obtuse or obtusish phyllaries. 878 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Rays yellow or orange (8). 8. Pappus of squamellae or paleae dissected into bristles above, but entire at base (9). 9. Plant floccose-woolly, annual_______--___--.-- 88. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS. 9, Plants not floccose=woolliy =) = as =2 = ee eee 103. Dyssopta. 8. Pappus otherwise (10). 10. Leaves opposite, at least below (11). 11. Involucre and leaves with translucent oil glands; leaf margins with a few stitt bristles mearitneyoase saa =e ee 105. Prcris. 11. Involucre and leaves without translucent oil glands; leaves not bristly at base (12). 12. Heads large; pappus of numerous bristles-__--_-_--__-_ 111. _ ARNICA. 12. Heads small; pappus of 1 or 2 bristlelike awns, or wanting. 84. LAPHAMITA. 10. Leaves alternate (13). 13. Pappus of 2 to 8 caducous bristlelike awns; plants glutinous. 10. GRINDELIA. 13. Pappus bristles more numerous or persistent, or else the plants not glutinous (14). 14. Pappus wholly of numerous simple and similar capillary bristles (15). 15. Phyllaries proper l-seriate, equal, sometimes with some short outer bractlets; style tips truncate__________ 116. SENECIO. 15. Phyllaries in more than 1 series, usually more or less unequal and graduated; style tips not truncate (16). 16. Heads usually small and very numerous, panicled or cymose; phyllaries rarely distinctly herbaceous at apex; plants always herbaceous. = 6s on ae ere ee 17. SovipaaGo. 16. Heads usually few and relatively large, if small and panicled, then the plants shrubby; phyllaries often distinctly herbace- OUS: Bt APEX sa 5208 5 eee ey ere ee ee 18. APLOPAPPUS. 14. Pappus not wholly of numerous simple and similar capillary bristles ie 17. Shrub; heads small, few-flowered, crowded in small rounded terminal clusters; rays 1 or 2, small_-___-_-_- 13. AMPHIPAPPUS. 17. Herbs; inflorescence otherwise; rays more nuMerous, conspicuous (18). 18. Achenes dissimilar, those of the rays essentially glabrous and epappose, the disk achenes hairy, their pappus double, the inner series of capillary bristles, the outer series of short bristles: or squamellacu sane =a eee 15. H®TEROTHECA. 18. Achenes all similar and with a similar (double) pappus. 16. CHRYSOPSIS. G. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or nearly regular corolla; rays evident but sometimes small; pappus none or vestigial. 1. Rays white, sometimes with a yellow base (2). 2. Receptacle naked (8). 3. Receptacle broad and flattish; phyllaries with a dark-brown submarginal ih a2 ene eae Wiha otemnle ile A deal Se as ed 109. CHRYSANTHEMUM. 3. Receptacle convex, conic, or hemispheric; phyllaries not with a dark-brown submarginal line (4). 4. Achenes oblique, ribbed only on the inner side; leaves dissected into linear-filiform lobes; phyllaries oblong or oval___ 108. Marricarta. 4. Achenes prismatic or subterete, ribbed on all sides, or somewhat flat- tened and 2-nerved; leaves entire to pinnatifid; phyllaries lanceolate @, 5. Achenes prismatic or subterete, ribbed on all sides. 21. APHANOSTEPHUS. 5. Achenes somewhat flattened, 2-nerved_-_-_-_-_- 23. ACHAETOGERON. 2. Receptacle paleaceous (6). 6. Ravs sessile, persistent on the achenes, becoming indurated (7). 7. Involucre strongly graduated; pales of the receptacle not cuspidate. 52. ZINNIA. 7. Involucre not distinctly graduated; pales of the receptacle cuspidate. SANVITALIA. | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 879 6. Rays not sessile and persistent on the achenes (8). 8. Leaves opposite (9). 9. Ray achenes tightly and completely enclosed by the subtending pales. 40. MELAMPODIUM. 9. Ray achenes not tightly and completely enclosed by the subtending pales (10). 10. Rays 1 to 5; leaves roundish-ovate; anthers green. 39. GUARDIOLA. 10. Rays very numerous, small; leaves lanceolate; anthers blackish. 55. Eciipra. 8. Leaves alternate (11). 11. Heads very small, numerous, in dense flattish or rounded cymose psa eres Ee ey pe he 107. ACHILLEA. 11. Heads relatively large, solitary or few (12). 12. Receptacle conic, bearing stiff narrow acuminate pales above, EUCEEN 02 Ge SOR aes ei ne 106. ANTHEMIS. 12. Receptacle convex, with broad blunt membranous pales through- CEs ee ee See ee a et 107a. LEucamMpPyYx. 1. Rays yellow, sometimes partly purple or maroon (18). 13. Receptacle not chaffy (14). 14. Phyllaries graduated in several unequal series, closely imbricate (15). 15. Rays 9 or fewer; heads small, very numerous, in dense rounded terminal clusters; involucre ovoid or oblong_-__-________-_-___-- 8. SELLOA. 15. Rays 12 or more; heads relatively large and few, scattered at the ends of the branchlets; involucre campanulate or hemispheric (16). 16. Leaves entire; phyllaries with narrow herbaceous tips. 9. XANTHOCEPHALUM. 16. Leaves pinnately dissected; phyllaries with broad scarious tips. 109. CHRYSANTHEMUM. 14. Phyllaries in 1 or 2 series or, if pluriseriate, not graduated in length (17). 17. Phyllaries of the outer series about 4, united to the middle or higher into a cup; heads small, numerous, in terminal cymose panicles. 101. PLumMeERA. 17. Phyllaries separate or essentially so (18). 18. Heads 1- or 2-flowered, in dense glomerate clusters, these sessile in the forks of the stem, or terminal and leafy-involucrate. 87. FLAVERIA. 18. Heads several- to many-flowered, solitary on terminal peduncles (19). 19. Plants woolly (20). 20. Rays persistent, becoming papery____-______-_ 82. BarmLEyYA. Dib teen man eininiemh = 6 93. ERIOPHYLLUM. 19. Plants not woolly (21). 21. Involucre and leaves with translucent oil glands_ 105. PrcrTis. 21. Involucre and leaves not with translucent oil glands (22). 22. Leaves linear, entire; receptacle conic_______~_ 86. BaAbmRIA. 22. Leaves broad, dissected; receptacle flat________ 96. Banta, 13. Receptacle chaffy, at least toward the margin (23). 23. Rays pistillate and fertile; disk flowers hermaphrodite but sterile, with a nearly or quite undivided style and an abortive ovary (24). 24. Leaves with spinescent lobes and tip, alternate; heads involucrate by SCTE ES SELCs Pu Cet i cfg Ma pe anal», Sco eae Eee nen ae are 79. HEMIZONIA. 24. Leaves not with spinescent lobes or tip; heads not involucrate by spinescent bracts (25). 25. Ray achenes closely and completely enwrapped by the subtending phyllaries; leaves opposite_____________--_ 40. MELAMPODIUM. 25. Ray achenes not enwrapped by the subtending phyllaries, but falling in connection with them and with the pales of the opposed outer disk flowers; leaves alternate__.._________~_ 41. BERLANDIERA., 23. Rays and disk flowers all fertile (26). 26. Rays sessile and persistent on their achenes, becoming papery (27). 27. Achenes very strongly flattened; phyllaries dry, strongly graduated. ZINNIA. 27. Achenes plump; phyllaries herbaceous at tip, scarcely or not gradu- te ee ee en a Se Ee A eee 54. HELIopsIs. 286744°—42 56 880 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 26. Rays not sessile, nor persistent, nor becoming papery (28). 28. Involucre distinctly double, the outer phyllaries herbaceous, the inner ones broader, longer, membranous (29). 99. Inner phyll aries free = se sie een eee 71. Coreopsis. 29. Inner phyllaries connate about to the middle, or higher. THELESPERMA. 28. Involucre not double (80). 30. Plant a scapose perennial, with broad silvery-pubescent entire leaves and very large solitary heads_______ 67. ENcELIOPsIs. 30. Plants leafy-stemmed; leaves and heads otherwise (81). 31. Achenes conspicuously ciliate on the margin, notched at apex, Very: Hab splambsys lars tlo loyal eee 64. ENCELIA. 31. Achenes not conspicuously ciliate on the margin (82). 32: Achenes)2-wineed me eee eee eer 70. VERBESINA. 32. Achenes not 2-winged, sometimes acutely margined (383). 33. Leaves pinnately parted or dissected__ 57. RatTipipa. 33. Leaves entire to merely toothed or 3-lobed (34). 34. Achenes very flat, notched at apex_____“__ 65. Srmsza. 34. Achenes more or less thickened, not notched at apex (35). 35. Leaves alternate, ovate, often 3-lobed; rays pistillate. 58. ZALUZANIA. 35. Leaves opposite at least below, lance-ovate to linear; Pays! Neutral ee ae eee 61. VIGUIERA. H. Hermaphrodite flowers with a tubular, regular or neariy regular corolla; rays evident but sometimes small; pappus present, of awns, squamellae, cr paleae, these sometimes united into a crown. 1. Receptacle paleaceous (2). 2. Rays white, pink, or purple (8). 3. Rays fertile, the disk flowers sterile; achenes with a narrow callous margin, this adnate at base to the pales of the 2 opposed disk flowers and to the subtending phyllary, at length tearing away from the achene below but remaining attached at apex____------- 43. PARTHENIUM. 3. Rays and disk flowers all fertile (4). 4, Pappus of 10 bristlelike hairy awns, the hairs on their outer side straight, on the inner side entangled into a woolly mass__-- 80. Layta. 4. Pappus otherwise (5). 5. Rays sessile and persistent on their achenes (6). 6. Involucre strongly graduated; pales of the receptacle not cuspidate. 52. ZINNIA. 6. Involucre not distinctly graduated; pales of the receptacle cuspidate. SANVITALIA. 5. Rays not sessile and persistent on their achenes (7). 7. Leaves merely toothed (8). 8. Rays numerous and very narrow; leaves sessile or subsessile. 55. EcLipta. 8. Rays 5 or fewer, short and broad; leaves petioled. 78. GALINSOGA. 7. Leaves dissected (9). 9. Achenes beaked; plant glabrous_______________- 76. Cosmos. 9. Achenes not beaked; plant more or less woolly. 107a. LErucAMPYX. 2. Rays yellow, or partly purple brown (10). 10. Rays fertile, the disk flowers sterile; achenes of the rays adnate at base to the subtending phyllary and to the pales of the opposed outer disk flowers, the whole falling away together____ 42. ENGELMANNTA. 10. Rays and disk flowers all or mostly fertile, or the rays infertile, or else ea ees! the achenes of the rays not as in genus Engelman- nia (11). 11. Rays persistent on their achenes, becoming papery__ 52. ZINNIA. 11. Rays not persistent or papery (12). 12. Involucre distinetly double, the outer phyllaries narrow, herbaceous, the inner ones broader, membranous (18). 13. Inner phyllaries connate to the middle, or higher. 74. THELESPERMA. 13. Inner phyllaries free essentially to the base (14). 14, Pappus not of retrorsely hispid awns__-_-_---- 71. Coreopsis. 14, Pappus of retrorsely hispid awns (15). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 881 15. Achenes dimorphous, the outer ones with a winged or callous margin, the inner ones narrower, wingless, somewhat beaked; leaves pinnately parted into 3 to 7 entire or few- parted linear lobes__--_..-__-~--- 73. HETEROSPERMA. 15. Achenes not dimorphous, neither winged nor truly beaked. 75. BIDENS. 12. Involucre otherwise (16). 16. Achenes dorso-ventrally compressed, with a pectinate wing. 72. COREOCARPUS. 16. Achenes laterally if at all compressed, not with a pectinate wing cig 17. Plant scapose, perennial, with broad entire densely silvery- iGeSeeni lenges Fe ee 67. ENCELIOPSIS. 17. Plants not scapose; leaves not silvery-pubescent (18). 18. Pales of the receptacle in a single series inside the rays, united inter tO0snee Cups 52 2 2 ee 79. HEMIZONIA. 18. Receptacle paleaceous throughout, the pales not united (19). 19. Leaves, at least the lower ones, parted or pinnately divided (20). 20. Pappus a short chaffy crown; upper leaves entire or 3- CEREUS aie ee eke ee ee eee 56. RUDBECKIA. 20. Pappus of 1 or 2 short awns or teeth and sometimes also with squamellae; leaves,.even the upper ones, pin- ESET ALLY [EA DR OIG se SU Ot yl a! Cee mene ae 57. RatTIBIDA. 19. Leaves entire or merely toothed (21). 21. Rays pistillate (22). 22. Pappus a conspicuous, more or less divided, chaffy crown, often with 1 or 2 awns; leaves alternate. 59. WyYETHIA. 22. Pappus of | or 2 awns and sometimes with a very short crown of more or less united squamellae; leaves usually opposite (23). 23. Pappus of 2 awns and several short, more or less united, intermediate squamellae, or the iatter obsolete; perennial herb, with opposite ovate subsessile leaves; achenes not with broad white ARGS on Pedi ge ae gg ae 69. ZEXMENTA. 23. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns, without squamellae; leaves not opposite and subsessile, or else the achenes with broad white wings___.___ 70. VERBESINA. 21. Rays neutral (24). 24. Achenes more or less thickened (25). 25. Pappus of caducous awns or paleae (usually 2, sometimes many); achenes pubescent. 62. HELIANTHUS. 25. Pappus of persistent awns and squamellae, or if wanting, then the achenes glabrous (26). 26. Peduncle noticeably thickened below the head; plant annual, with broad ovate leaves. 60. TIrHONTA. 26. Peduncle not thickened below the head; plants, if annual, with narrow leaves_ 61. VIGUIERA. 24. Achenes strongly compressed, very flat (27). 27. Achenes with 2 white wings; leaves opposite, at least the lower ones__________ 70. VERBESINA. 27. Achenes not winged but sometimes narrowly white- margined; leaves usually alternate (28). 28. Achenes not conspicuously ciliate on the margin; plants herbaceous perennials. 68. HELIANTHELLA. 28. Achenes conspicuously long-ciliate on the margin; plants not herbaceous perennials (29). 29. Shrubs; achenes with a narrow white margin, no crown, and | or 2 weak awns. 64. ENCELIA. 29. Annual; achenes with a conspicuous white margin and crown, and 2 strong awns. 66. GERABA. 882 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Receptacle naked or rarely fimbrillate, not paleaceous (30). 30. Involucre and leaves with translucent oil glands (31). 31. Phyllaries 1-seriate, united almost to the apex into a toothed cup or tube; pappus of 5 or 6 unequal paleae_____________ 102. TAGETEs. 31. Phyllaries more or less 2-seriate, or else quite free; pappus otherwise (32). 32. Leaves without stiff spreading bristles at base; phyllaries more or less 2-seriate, often partly united, often with bractlets at base. 103. Dyssopta. 32. Leaves with a few stiff spreading bristles at base; phyllaries 1-seriate, free; without bractletsrat oases anes 105. Prcrtis. 30. Involucre and leaves without translucent oil glands (88). 33. Rays white, pink, blue, or purple (34). 34. Achenes compressed, 2-edged or 2-nerved (385). 35. Pappus, at least in the disk flowers, of several or many paleae or flattened bristles; phyllaries with scarious margin and tip. 26. ‘TOWNSENDIA. 35. Pappus of only 1 or 2 bristlelike awns, or a crown of squamellae, or both; phyllaries not scarious-margined (36). 36. Pappus of a minute setulose crown only; leaves entire, alternate. 23. ACHAETOGERON. 36. Pappus of 1 or 2 weak awns, with or without a crown of squamel- lae; leaves usually toothed, lobed, or dissected, at least the lower ones opposite (37). 37. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns and a crown of squamellae; achenes usually callous-margined and ciliate_______ 83. PERITYLE. 37. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns, without squamellae; achenes not callous- marcined. noucilia tess eee meee 84. LapHAMIA. 34. Achenes more or less thickened, 4- or 5-angled (38). 38. Pappus a low dissected or ciliolate crown only (89). 39. Leaves toothed to pinnatifid, or the upper ones entire; phyliaries green-centered, scarious-margined_____ 21. APHANOSTEPHUS. 39. Leaves entire; phyllaries whitish, thick, chartaceous, with a scarious margin and 4 green tip_____-____=-= 22. GREENELLA. 38. Pappus of distinct awns or paleae, sometimes also with a low crown 40). 40. Phyllaries with a conspicuous searious whitish or yellowish margin and tip; plants perennial or biennial___ 90. HyMENoPAPPUs. 40. Phyllaries without a conspicuous scarious margin and tip; plants annual (41). 41. Herbage hispid-pilose; upper leaves subtending the heads. 25. MoNoprtiLon. 41. Herbage woolly; heads not subtended by the upper leaves. 93. ERIOPHYLLUM. 33. Rays yellow (42). 42, Phyllaries distinctly graduated, in several series (43). 43. Pappus of 2 to 8 slender caducous awns-__---_-_-__- 10. GRINDELIA. 43. Pappus otherwise (44). 44° Annualihenbs-srays U2 no) a0 ee 9. XANTHOCEPHALUM. 44, Perennial herbs or shrubs; rays 12 or fewer, except in genus Acamptopappus (45). 45. Heads comparatively large, solitary; pappus of numerous, narrowly linear awns and bristles, several-seriate. 14. ACAMPTOPAPPUS. 45. Heads small or very small, clustered (46). 46. Disk achenes with a pappus of several straight paleae or squamellae in a single series; involucre not compressed; leaves chiefly, lineata 9= = == =ea=ane ae 12. GUTIERREZIA. 46. Disk achenes with a pappus of numerous more or less twisted, flattened bristles or narrow paleae; involucre compressed; leaves obovate or elliptic__________- 13. AMPHIPAPPUS. 42. Phyllaries equal or subequal or in 2 unequal series, not distinctly graduated (47). 47. Rays persistent on the achenes, becoming papery (48). 48. Rays 3 to 5, about as wide as long; achenes linear, slightly angled, essentially. clabrousss2= 5s oe eee 81. PsILOSTROPHE. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 883 48. Rays 10 or more, much longer than wide; achenes obpyramidal, 5-angled, EEA ric ant ais RR ala tne 98. AcTINEA. 47. Rays not persistent on the achenes (49). 49. Achenes strongly flattened, 2-edged; pappus of 1 or 2 bristlelike awns and sometimes w ith a crown of squamellae (50). 50. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns and with a crown of squamellae; achenes usually callous-margined and ciliate __----_- 83. PERITYLE. 50. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns, without squameilae; achenes not callous- margined, not Pee 8 el. 84. LapHaAMIa. 49. Achenes not flattened or 2-edged; pappus awns or squamellae more numerous (51). 51. Pappus squamellae dissected into numerous bristles, these united at base (52). 52. Heads short-peduncled, solitary; rays conspicuous. 88. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS. 52. Heads essentially sessile, clustered; rays inconspicuous. 93. ERIOPHYLLUM. 51. Pappus squamellae not dissected into bristles (53). 53. Phyllaries spreading or reflexed, herbaceous (54). 54. Receptacle naked; pappus usually much shorter than the GCE ee ee Re ee eee, eee 99. HELENIUM. 54. Receptacle fimbrillate; pappus usually as long as the achene “Ext | PCO ee hae ge on 100. GaAILLARDIA. 53. Phyllaries erect (55). 55. Plant a low annual, not woolly; leaves opposite, linear, entire; pappus of 2 to 5 lanceolate awns__ 86. BaArRIA. 55. Plants perennial, or woolly, or with more numerous awns or paleae in the pappus (56). 56. Achene obpyramidal, strongly 4-angled; ray 1; pappus of 8 scarious paleae or squamellae; slender annuals, with leaves entire or pinnately divided into filiform lobes. 89. ScHKUHRIA. 56. Achene not obpyramidal and 4-angled; rays more than Ie (a7): nets Rays (2 to 5) fertile, disk flowers (6 to 7) sterile; leaves dissected into filiform lobes; heads very small, very numerous, crowded in dense cymose panicles. 101. PLUMMERA. 57. Both rays and disk flowers fertile, more numerous (58). 58. Pappus of 12 or more lanceolate awn-tipped paleae; plant nearly glabrous, with dissected leaves; involucre not double___-___ 91. HYMENOTHRIX. 58. Pappus paleae fewer, or else the plant tomentose, or the leaves not dissected, or the involucre double, of 2 more or less distinct sets of phyllaries (59). 59. Achenes obpyramidal, 5-angled, only 2 or 3 times astlone asnwides ss -5.--24 fos. 98. AcTINEA. 59. Achenes narrowly obpyramidal, several times as long as wide (60). 60. Phyllaries concave, partly enclosing the ray achenes; plants woolly. 93. ERIoPHYLLUM. 60. Phyllaries flat, not at all enclosing the ray achenes; plants not woolly___. 96. Banta. 1. STEVIA * Herbs or shrubby plants; leaves alternate or opposite; heads small, 5-flowered; phyllaries 5 or 6, equal, firm; corollas tubular, 5-toothed, white to purple: achenes slender; pappus of awns or squamellae or both, or reduced to a toothed crown. 56 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L. THE STEVIAS OF NORTH AMERICA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 90: 90-159. 1930. 884 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Annual; leaves membranaceous, ovate, more than half as wide as long, serrate; pappus of 3 awns and 3 very short intermediate squamellae; heads rather loosely cymose; corollas whitish] = === 1. S. MicRANTHA. 1. Perennial; leaves usually firm, linear to elliptic, much less than half as wide as long (2). 2. Heads definitely pedicellate, loosely cymose-panicled; corollas purple; leaves alternate, linear, entire or bluntly toothed____________ 2. S. VISCIDA. 2. Heads subsessile, in dense fastigiate cymose panicles; corollas white or rose color (38). 3. Leaves entire, linear-elliptic or lanceolate, opposite, 3-nerved but not strongly veiny; plant suffrutescent or shrubby; pappus a very short, toothed: crowns 2 2 eae eee ene cole 3. S. LEMMON1. 3. Leaves serrate, linear to lance-oblong or oblong, often alternate or veiny; plants herbaceous (4). 4. Leaves mostly opposite, not very numerous, strongly veiny beneath, elliptic to elliptic-oblong or lance- oblong, the larger leaves 10 to 18 mm. wide; pappus of squamellae only______ 4. S. PLUMMERAE. 4, Leaves mostly alternate, usually very numerous and crowded, narrowly linear-oblanceolate to spatulate-oblanceolate, cuneate, or oval, 3 to 10 (rarely 15) mm. wide; pappus normally of awns and squamellae. S. SERRATA. 1. Stevia micrantha Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl. 27. 1816. Stevia macella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 70. 1853. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 6,500 feet, rich moist soil in canyons, August to October. Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Mexico. 2. Stevia viscida H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 140. 1820. Stevia amabilis Lemmon ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Deis OC w Olas eee Plains near the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon 2729, the type of S. amabilis), September. Southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 3. Stevia lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 204. 1882. Oro Blanco Mountains (Santa Cruz County), Santa Catalina Moun- tains (Pima County), rocky canyons, April, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Lemmon). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 4, Stevia plummerae A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 204. 1882. White Mountains (Apache County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina and Santa Rita Moun- tains (Pima County), 6,000 to 7,600 feet, rich soil in canyons, April to October, type from Rucker Valley, Chiricahua Mountains (M/s. Lemmon). New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. The flowers are fragrant. The var. alba A. Gray is a form with white flowers. 5. Stevia serrata Cav., Icon. Pl. 4: 33. 1797. Mountains of southern Apache, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 9,000 feet, chiefly in pine forest, April to FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 889 October. Western Texas to southern Arizona, southward into Mexico. The typical form has oblanceolate to spatulate leaves. The less common var. ivaefolia (Willd.) Robinson has broader, lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or oval leaves. 2. HOFMEISTERIA. Arrow.Lear Much-branched low shrub, glandular-puberulous; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2 to 10 mm. long, very much shorter than the petioles; heads loosely panicled, white, discoid; involucre strongly graduate, of dry few-ribbed phyllaries, the outer ones with acuminate subherbaceous tips; pappus of about 12 bristles, ee irregularly with much shorter narrow squamellae or bristles. 1. Hofmeisteria pluriseta A. Gray in Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 96. 1857. Mountains of Yuma (and probably of Mohave) County, 2,500 feet or lower, dry granitic slopes, January to March (sometimes autumn), type from Williams River. Southern Utah and Nevada, western Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Baja California. 3. CARMINATIA Low annual herb; leaves mostly opposite, deltoid-ovate, toothed, thin, slender-petioled; heads discoid, whitish, cylindric, in a terminal leafless virgate panicle; involucre graduated, of thin few-striate phyl- laries; achenes slender; pappus of long-plumose bristles. 1. Carminatia tenuiflora DC., Prodr. 7: 267. 1838. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, rich soil in canyons, August and September. Western Texas to southern Arizona, south to Central America. 4. EKUPATORIUM. TxHorRovuGHWoRT Herbs or low shrubs; leaves usually opposite; heads small or medium- sized, usually panicled, discoid, white to lavender, violet, or purple; involucre scarcely to strongly graduated; achenes 5-ribbed; pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Key to the species 1. Leaves palmately 3- to 5-cleft, with toothed to pinnatifid divisions; receptacle CONVEX TOWERS: WlOlOt. 2.) 22 oats on ee Ns ed 1. E. GREGGI. 1. Leaves entire to sharply serrate, not palmately cleft; receptacle flat or essen- tially so; flowers white to purple (2). 2. Heads 3- to 6-flowered, sessile or subsessile in small clusters at the tips of usually short branches, forming a thyrsoid panicle; leaves narrowly lanceolate or lance-ovate, not more than 18 mm. wide, very short- DEIOlEds acumiInaties Je 2e aL ee 2. KE. SOLIDAGINIFOLIUM. 2. Heads 10- to 30-flowered, distinctly pedicellate, not thyrsoid-panicled; leaves usually broader (3). 3. Leaf blades obtuse, broadly ovate, usually not more than 15 mm. long and wide, entire or crenate-serrate, thickish, on petioles 5 5 mm. long or less; plant shrubby, low, puberulous; inv olucre 3 to 5 mm. high, scarcely halipas ong As tnersOWers. 22. oo sees ooo 3. E. WRIGHTII. 886 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Leaf blades normally acute to acuminate, larger, on usually longer petioles 4), 4, ies strongly graduated, the phyllaries in 3 to 5 lengths (5). 5. Heads small, 5 mm. high or less (excluding the styles), in close clusters at the tips of the stem and branches, the pedicels mostly 4 mm. long or less; achenes 1.5 mm. long; involucre 4 mm. high or less, the inner phyllaries obtuse, the outer ones acute. 4. E. PYCNOCEPHALUM. 5. Heads larger, 8 to 15 mm. high, loosely cymose, on pedicels mostly 6 to 20 mm. long; achenes about 3 mm. long; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries all acute or acuminate__ 5. E. BIGELOVII. 4. Involucre of subequal phyllaries, or obscurely graduated (6). 6. Achenes glabrous, | to 1.3 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 5 times as long as wide, long-acuminate; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries acuminate, pubescent _-_-___ 6. E. PAUPERCULUM. 6. Achenes pubescent, (1.5) 2 to 3 mm. long; leaf blades rhombic-ovate to broadly ovate, not more than about twice as long as wide; involucre 3 to 6 mm. high (7). 7. Corolla lobes strongly hairy outside; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high; leaves oblong-ovate or rhombic-ovate, cuneate to rounded, rarely’ subcordate eat. base] ==5 == =m 7. E. ROTHROCKII. 7. Corolla lobes glabrous; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high; leaves triangular- ovate to broadly ovate, usually subcordate or truncate at base. 8. E. HERBACEUM. 1. Eupatorium greggii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 102. 1884. Chiricahua Mountains to the San Pedro River (Cochise County), 4,000 to 6,000 feet, plains and mesas, September and October. West- ern Texas to southeastern Arizona, southward to Zacatecas. 2. Eupatorium solidaginifolium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852. Santa Catalina, Baboquivari and Ajo Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rocky canyons, May to September. Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 3. Eupatorium wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, limestone slopes, September to October. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. Plant ‘‘very bushy, spreading”’ (Blumer, ms.). 4. Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less., Linnaea 6: 404. 1831. Superstition Mountains (Pinal County), and mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rich soil along streams, May to October. Southern Arizona to South America. Flowers pale blue or lavender. 5. Eupatorium bigelovii A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 75. 1859. Apparently known in Arizona only from the type collection on the Gila River (Bigelow). Northern Mexico, where it flowers March to October. 6. Eupatorium pauperculum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc, Fie 2055 S82: Prptothrix arizonica A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 117. 1938. Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 4,000 to 5,000 feet, by streams in canyons, March to May, type from the Santa Rita Mountains (Pringle), type of Piptothrix arizonica from the west side of the Baboquivari Mountains (A. and R. Nelson 1567). South- ern Arizona and Sonora. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S87 7. Eupatorium rothrockii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 102. 1884. Eupatorium rothrockit var. shrevei Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 54: 256. 1918. Mountains of southern Apache, Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 6,500 to 7,500 feet, chiefly in pine forest, July to October, type from Mount Graham (Rothrock 740, 741), type of var. shrevei from Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Shreve 5017). South- ern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 8. Eupatorium herbaceum (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 4: 279. 1901. Eupatorium ageratifolium var. ? herbaceum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 74. 1853. Eupatorium occidentale var. arizonicum A. Gray, Syn. FI. £77 101_ 1584. Eupatorium arizonicum Greene, Pittonia 4: 280. 1901. Near Holbrook (Navajo County), Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), southward to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, mostly in open pine forest, June to October. Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Flowers white, the plant fragrant in drying. Eupatorium tezense (Torr. and Gray) Rydb., which is probably E. havanense H. B. K., was listed by Rydberg * asranging from Colorado and Texas to Ari- zona. The Arizona record is apparently based on error, as Rydberg wrote (personal communication) that there is no specimen in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden and that he does not think the species is found in Arizona. Possibly a specimen of HE. herbaceum was mistaken for it in the original record. 5. CARPHOCHAETE Low branching shrub; leaves opposite, sessile, entire, punctate, linear-elliptic to spatulate-elliptic, 15 to 30 mm. long, with axillary fascicles; heads cylindric, about 25 mm. high, few-flowered, the corollas purplish tinged; phyllaries rather few, narrow, unequal, subherbaceous, acute to acuminate, densely glandular-punctate; achenes linear, 8- to 10-ribbed; pappus of about 12 narrowly scarious- margined, linear-attenuate awns, barbellate above. 1. Carphochaete bigelovii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 89. 1852. Mountains of southern Apache, Greenlee, Gila, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky slopes and canyons, March to July. Western Texas to southern Arizona and Chihuahua. The plant is browsed. 6. BRICKELLIA.® BrickELLBUSH Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads small to medium-sized, discoid, usually whitish, solitary or panicled; involucre usually definitely graduated, the phyllaries generally dryish and striate; achenes 10-ribbed (sometimes only 5-ribbed in B. fendleri); pappus of numerous capillary bristles (plumose only in B. brachyphylla). 57 RYDBERG, P. A. FLORA OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT PLAINS. 1917. (See p. 841.) 58 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L. A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS BRICKELLIA. Gray Herbarium Mem. 1: 1-151. 1917. 888 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Heads 3- to 5-flowered (2). 2. Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongate, 3 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 10 mm. wide. B. LONGIFOLIA. 2). heaves: lance-ovate,.!2:to 28.mm) wades a= sae 2. B. MULTIFLORA. 1. Heads (6) 8- to 60-flowered (3). 3. Plant with abundant very short budlike branchlets bearing minute, crowded, 4-ranked, scalelike leaves; stem leaves (mostly deciduous) narrowly linear, entire, 3 to 7 cm. long, 2 mm. wide or less___ 3. B. SsQuUAMULOSA. 3. Plant without budlike branchlets beariag crowded scalelike leaves; stem leaves persistent, linear to broadly ovate, more than 2 mm. wide (4). 4. Leaves linear to elliptic or lance-ovate, cuneate to rounded at base, subsessile or on petioles 3 mm. long or less (5). 5. Heads about 40- to 50-flowered, solitary, or few and cymose; leaves elliptic-ovate to lance-linear, usually entire.__ 9. B. OBLONGIFOLIA. 5. Heads 9- to 26-flowered, numerous, panicled (6). 6. Leaf blades 5 to 12 mm. long, lanceolate to ovate; achenes finely hispidulous; heads mostly solitary at the tips of slender, minutely leafy peduncles, forming a long racemiform panicle. 4, B. scaBRa. 6. Leaf blades usually 20 to 60 mm. long; achenes densely pubescent; heads otherwise arranged (7). 7. Pappus bristles plumose; leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate. ‘ 5. B. BRACHYPHYLLA. 7. Pappus bristles not at all plumose; leaves linear to oblong or lance- oblong, rarely lanceolate (8). 8. Phyllaries few (about 14); heads about 10-flowered. 6. B. LEMMONI. 8. Phyllaries numerous (20 to 37); heads usually 19- to 26-flowered 9 9. Plant glandular-pubescent, especially above; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 12 to 15 mm. wide___-__ 13. B. AMPLEXICAULIS. 9. Plant not glandular-pubescent (10). 10. Heads slender-pedicelled, in a loose panicle; leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblong, 3 to 9 mm. wide. 7. B. VENOSA. 10. Heads sessile or subsessile, subspicate on the stem and branches; leaves elliptic, oblong, or lance-oblong, 8 to 20: mins: Wide sass we Saas See ee 8. B. PRINGLEI. 4. Leaves definitely ovate or rhombic-ovate or, if lance-oblong, then with distinetly cordate-clasping base (11). 11. Leaves coriaceous, bright green, spiny-toothed; outer phyllaries herba- ceous or subcoriaceous, much broader than the inner and nearly as long; heads solitary at the tips of the branches, about 50-flowered. iL B. ATRACTYLOIDES. 11. Leaves not coriaceous (except in B.' baccharidea), not spiny-toothed; outer phyllaries not noticeably broader than the inner, much shorter; heads panicled, except in B. simplex and B. incana (12). 12. Leaves (at least when young) and stem densely white-tomentose; leaves small, ovate, sessile; heads about 60-flowered, about 23 mm. high, solitary at tips of stem and branches. 11. (Bs iINcAnae 12. Leaves and stem not densely white-tomentose, if grayish-tomentel- lous (B. desertorum), then the heads 8- to 12-flowered (18). 13. Leaves lance-oblong to ovate, sessile or very short-petioled, strongly cordate at base (14). 14. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, distinctly short-petioled; pedicels hispidulous or short-hirsute, not glandular. 12. B. BETONICAEFOLIA. 14. Leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, sessile, strongly cordate- clasping; pedicels densely stipitate-glandular. 13. B. AMPLEXICAULIS. 13. Leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, usually slender-petioled (15). 15. Blades of the largest leaves 12 mm. long or less; leaves green; heads mostly solitary at the tips of the slender, minutely leafy branches, forming a long racemiform panicle. B. SCABRA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA SS9 15. Blades of the largest leaves much more than 12 mm. long, or else (B. desertorum) the leaves densely grayish-tomentellous, or (B. coulteri) the heads loosely cymose-panicled, on slender essentially naked pedicels (16). 16. Leaves sharply 1- to 3-hastate-toothed at base, deltoid- or rhombic-ovate; heads slender-pedicelled, loosely panicled, abet 1 é-HOWEREE 2 ie se 14. B. coULTeERI. 16. Leaves not sharply and hastately few-toothed at base (17). 17. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate, coriaceous, repand-toothed, cuneate at base, 10 to 38 mm. long; phyllaries all rounded or obtuse, firm, stramineous, often resinous. 15. B. BACCHARIDEA. 17. Leaf blades ovate, not coriaceous, crenate to dentate, usually cordate or subcordate at base; phyllaries thin (18). 18. Heads solitary or few, about 60-flowered; leaves tri- angular-ovate, coarsely toothed; involucre about 13 CEs Dial C0) a Te aya ae tan uci hee 22. B. SIMPLEX. 18. Heads numerous, 8- to 38-flowered (19). 19. Outer phyllaries with loose caudate-attenuate herba- ceous tips; leaves thin, triangular-ovate, acuminate, coarsely serrate or crenate-serrate; involucre about tiem nights ose 8 21. B. GRANDIFLORA. 19. Outer phyllaries not caudate-attenuate (20). 20. Pedicels densely stipitate-glandular; outermost phyl- laries (a few of them) herbaceous, usually longer than the next inner series, sometimes surpassing piretheads:s 3.2 Nin phe 20. B. FLORIBUNDA. 20. Pedicels not stipitate-glandular; outer phyllaries not herbaceous or elongate (21). 21. Heads 28- to 35-flowered; leaves mostly deltoid- or triangular-ovate, thin; heads slender-pedi- celled, mostly nodding, in usually few-headed cymose panicles at the tips of the stem and preanches® <2 >.) = iis! os 19. B. FENDLERI. 21. Heads 8- to 18-flowered (22). 22. Plant herbaceous; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate; heads slender-pedicelled, the panicles rather loose____-_ 1S:) ob) Suseye. 22. Plants shrubby; leaves not more than 5 cm. long, obtuse to acute; heads mostly subsessile, clustered in the leaf axils, forming spikelike panicles (23). 23. Phyllaries puberulous on the back; leaf blades 3 to 13 mm. long and wide, densely gray- ish-tomentellous___ 16. B. DESERTORUM. 23. Phyllaries essentially glabrous; leaf blades 10 to 50 mm. long and wide, green. 17. 5B. caLIrornica. 1. Brickellia longifolia S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Coleosanthus longifolius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. North rim of the Grand Canyon and Havasu Canyon, Coconino County (Eastwood and Howell 7080, Whiting in 1940), 3,300 to 8,000 feet, September. Southeastern Utah to eastern California and northern Arizona. 2. Brickellia multiflora Kellogg, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 7: 49. 1877. Coleosanthus multiflorus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. North rim of the Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Eastwood and Howell 7106), September. Southern Nevada, eastern California, and northwestern Arizona. 890 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Brickellia squamulosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. es ROS. WS ey). Coleosanthus squamulosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Cruz River valley (Santa Cruz County), 4,000 to 6,000 feet, May to Sep- tember. Southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona, south to Mexico. 4. Brickellia scabra (A. Gray) A. Nels. ex Robinson, Gray Herbarium Mienaa 435. shoe Brickellia microphylla var. scabra A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: 74. 1876. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, July to October. Wyoming to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Nevada. Brickellia watsoniz Robinson, of Utah, southeastern Nevada, and southeastern California, will probably be found in Arizona. It is similar to B. scabra, but the stem is finely lanulose or crisp-puberulous, whereas in B. scabra it is glandular- puberulous. 5. Brickellia brachyphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 84. 1852. Clavigera brachyphylla A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 63. 1849. Coleosanthus brachyphyllus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Ryan Ranch, southern Apache County (Harrison 4870), Baboqui- vari Mountains, Pima County (Gilman 187B), about 5,000 feet, September. Western Texas to southern Colorado and _ eastern Arizona. 6. Brickellia lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 206% NS82Z: Coleosanthus lemmoni Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, 6,000 feet (Lemmon 306, the type, Blumer 1786), September. Southeastern Arizona and Chihuahua. 7. Brickellia venosa (Woot. and Standl.) Robinson, Gray Herbarium Mem. 1: 50. 1917. Coleosanthus venosus Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 177. 1913. Greenlee, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 5,500 feet, September and October. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and Chihuahua. 8. Brickellia pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 206. 1882. Coleosanthus pringlet Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), rich canyons, April and May, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pringle in 1881). Southern Arizona, south to Mexico. —————— Ee eEOo' FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 891 9. Brickellia oblongifolia Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 288. 1840. Coleosanthus oblongifolius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. The species is represented in Arizona by var. linifolia (D. C. Eaton) Robinson. Apache County to eastern Mohave County, 4,500 to 6,500 feet, May and June (September). Colorado to New Mexico, west to Nevada and southeastern California. 10. Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. So: 290. 1870: Coleosanthus atractyloides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), and Gila, Mohave, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,500 feet, March to May (September). Southern Utah and Nevada, southeastern California, and Arizona. A small, much-branched shrub. 11. Brickellia incana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 350. 1868. Coleosanthus incanus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Western Mohave County, 1,600 to 3,500 feet, sandy washes, May to October. Southern California, southern Nevada, and western Arizona. 12. Brickellia betonicaefolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 72. 1853. Coleosanthus betonicaefolius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Southern Navajo County and Yavapai County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 6,500 feet, June to October. New Mexico and central Arizona to Sonora and Chihuahua. 13. Brickellia amplexicaulis Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 47: 199. 1911. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, September and October. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. The typical form has ovate-oblong leaves with a cordate-amplexi- caul base. The var. lanceolata (A.Gray) Robinson, with narrowly lanceolate, scarcely clasping leaves, is known only from Greenlee County, where the type was collected near Clifton (Greene in 1880). 14. Brickellia coulteri A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 86. 1852. Coleosanthus coulteri Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Southern Yavapai County, western Gila County, and Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to about 4,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and canyons, common, March to November. Arizona to central Mexico and Baja California. 15. Brickellia baccharidea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852. Coleosanthus baccharideus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. _ Greenlee, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,000 feet, often on limestone, September to November. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona. 892 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 16. Brickellia desertorum Coville, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 7: 68. 1892. Coleotsanhus desertorum Coville, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium Ait Oe AS OSe Mohave County, near Pierce Ferry (Jones 5077), and near Oatman (Kearney and Peebles 12634), Yuma County, Kofa Mountains (Kearney and Peebles 10233), 1,700 to 3,500 feet, September. Southern California, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona. A small, much-branched shrub. 17. Brickellia californica (Torr. and Gray) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 64. 1849. Bulbostylis californica Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 79. 1841. Brickellia wrightti A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 72. 1853. Brickellia tenera A. Gray, ibid. Coleosanthus californicus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Brickellia californica var. tenera Robinson, Gray Herbarium Miem> 3702) Sloe Throughout the State, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, very common, July to October. Colorado to western Texas, west to California, south to Sonora and Baja California. Called “‘pachaba” by the Hopi Indians, who are reported to rub it on the head for headache. 18. Brickellia rusbyi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 106. 1884. Coleosanthus rusbyi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891, as CO. mustya: Southern Apache and Gila Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 8,300 feet, commonly in pine forest, August to October. New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. 19. Brickellia fendleri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 63. 1849. Coleosanthus fendleri Greene, Pittonia 4: 237. 1901. Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), about 6,000 feet, September. New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. This species is intermediate in achenial characters between Hupa- torvum and Brickellia, the achene being 5-angulate, with or without 1 to 5 intermediate secondary ribs. 20. Brickellia floribunda A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 73. 1853. Coleosanthus floribundus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Southern Navajo, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,500 feet, rich soil in canyons, September and October. Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 893 21. Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2,7: 287. 1840. Eupatorium (?) grandiflorum Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2:26. 1834. Brickellia grandiflora var. petiolaris A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 207. 1882. Coleosanthus grandiflorus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Coleosanthus umbellatus Greene, Pittonia 4: 238. 1901. Grand Canyon to the mountains of Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, August to October, type of C. wmbellatus from ‘‘the mountain districts of northern Arizona.”” Missouri and Arkansas to Montana and Washington, south to New Mexico, southern Arizona, California, and northern Baja California. 22. Brickellia simplex A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 73. 1853. Coleosanthus simpler Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Patagonia Mountains (Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, August and September. Southeastern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. 7. KUHNIA Slender perennial herb; leaves mostly alternate, linear or linear- lanceolate, entire, usually revolute-margined, elandular- -punctate; heads rather small, panicled, discoid, whitish; involucre more or less graduated, the phyllaries mostly linear, strongly few-ribbed, narrowly scarious-margined; achenes slender, 10- to 20-ner ved; pappus a single series of plumose bristles, usually becoming tawny. 1. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent., Descr. Pl. Jard. Cels pl. 91. 1800. Kuhnia leptophylla Scheele, Linnaea 21: 598. 1848. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, mesas and slopes, May to October. Texas to Arizona, south to Mexico. = In the typical form the phyllaries are ciliate, nearly or quite glabrous on the back, not or only slightly graduated, the outer ones abruptly shorter than the inner ones. In the var. chlorolepis (Woot. and Standl.) Blake, known from Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 5,000 feet, the phyllaries are rather densely pilosulous or puberulous on the back and more regularly graduated. Iiatris punctata Hook. has been assigned a range extending to Arizona by Rydberg * and by Wooton and Standley.” There is no specimen from Arizona in the United States National Herbarium or in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, and it seems best to omit the species until a definite specimen is forthcoming. 8. SELLOA Suffrutescent, branched, glabrous and glutinous; leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate to linear, entire, punctate; heads small, inconspicu- 5° RYDBERG, P. A. FLORA OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND ADJACENT PLAINS. 1917. (See p. 844.) 6 WooToN, E. O., and STANDLEY, P. C. FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 19. 1915. (See p. 649.) 894 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE ously radiate, yellow, in dense rounded terminal clusters, these panicled; involucre eraduated, the phyllaries chartaceous, with short green tips; achenes glabrous, 4- or 5-ribbed; pappus none. 1. Selloa glutinosa Spreng., Nov. Provent. Hort. Hal. 36. 1819. Gymnosperma glutinosum Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 194. 1832. Gymnosperma corymbosum DC., Prodr. 5: 312. 1836. Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, rocky canyons and slopes, August to October. Texas to southern Arizona, south to Central America. The plant i is used in Mexico in decoctions for treating diarrhea, and the gum is used externally in cases of rheumatism and ulcers. 9. XANTHOCEPHALUM Annual herbs, nearly or quite glabrous, sometimes glutinous; leaves alternate, linear to lance-oblong; heads radiate, yellow, cymose- panicled or scattered ; involucre broad, the phyllaries eraduated, chartaceous, green- -tipped; pappus of several unequal more or less united awns, or reduced to a setulose crown, sometimes none in the ray achenes. Key to the species 1. Leaves chiefly lanceolate, 5 to 20 mm. wide; heads crowded in cymose panicles; the pedicels stipitate-glandular; rays 12 to 19; pappus in the ray achenes none or reduced to an obscure border, in the disk achenes of unequal, basally united squamellae or paleae__________ 1. X. GYMNOSPERMOIDES. 1. Leaves chiefly linear, 2 to 4 mm. wide; heads mostly solitary at the tips of cymosely arranged glabrous branches; rays about 30 to 50; pappus a short: undulate crownmt 220208 ee ee 2. X. WRIGHTII. 1. Xanthocephalum gymnospermoides (A. Gray) Benth. and Hook. ex Rothr. in Wheeler, U.S. Survey West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 140. 1878. Gutierrezia (?) gymnospermoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 79. 1853. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,500 feet, locally abundant in alluvial, often saline soil, August to October. Southeastern Arizona to northern Mexico. The plant attains a height of 6 feet or more. 2. Xanthocephalum wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc: 82.632. 1373: Gutierrezia wrightit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 78. 1853. White Mountains (Apache County) to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,500 feet, openings in pine forest, August to October. New Mexico and Arizona. 10. GRINDELIA.®"# GuMweEeEp Herbs, more or less resinous-viscid ; leaves alternate, entire, toothed, or rarely pinnatifid; heads medium- sized, yellow, radiate or discoid; involucre strongly eraduated ; achenes short, more or less thickened: pappus of 2 to 8 slender caducous paleaceous awns. 61 Reference: STEYERMARK, J. A. STUDIES IN GRINDELIA. II. A MONOGRAPH OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS GRINDELIA. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 21: 483-608. 1934. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 895 Some of the species (including G. squarrosa) are official drug plants, being antispasmodic and stomachic, administered in asthma, and externally to relieve the iritation caused by poison-ivy. The plants are suspected of being toxic to livestock but are rarely eaten. Key to the species oe BLEED SNS 0 Le el Rt ll a eg a 1. G. APHANACTIS. 1. Heads radiate (2). 2. Phyllaries with strongly spreading or recurved subulate tips. 2. G. SQUARROSA. 2. Phyllaries with appressed or nearly erect triangular tips (3). 3. Leaves all or mostly laciniate-dentate or pinnatifid___ 3. G. LACINIATA. SAVER MNeTEIy SErrmiipen, 2. 8s ok) ate oe ee 4, G. ARIZONICA. 1. Grindelia aphanactis Rydb., Torr. Bot. Club Bul. 31: 647. 1904. Grindelia pinnatifida Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 178. 1913. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, and in the Chiri- cahua Mountains (Cochise County), mostly 5,000 to 7,000 feet, June to September. Southeastern Utah and southern Gelacada to western Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona. 2. Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Mém. 5: 50. 1819. Donia squarrosa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 559. 1814. Represented in Arizona by var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyermark. Tuba, Coconino County, about 5,000 feet (Cottam 2590). Wyoming to northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona, also widely introduced east and west of this range. 3. Grindelia laciniata Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 848. 1917. Southwestern Coconino and northwestern Yavapai Counties, at Williams and Seligman, 5,200 to 6,700 feet, June to August. South- eastern Utah and northern Arizona. 4. Grindelia arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 208. 1882. Apache, Navajo, and Gila Counties, 3,500 to 7,500 feet, openings in pine forests, August to October. Southwestern New Mexico and eastern Arizona. The var. microphylla Steyermark, with longer pappus awns (5 to 6.5 mm. long), is known only from north of Clifton, Greenlee County (Davidson 736, type). 11. VANCLEVEA Slender branching shrub, white-barked, glabrous, glutinous; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved, entire or slightly toothed, often conduplicate, falcate-recurved; heads medium-sized, discoid, yellow, solitary or cymose; involucre graduated; achenes slender, about 5-ribbed; pappus of about 12 to 16 linear acuminate persistent awns. 286744°—42 | =) 806 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Vanclevea stylosa (Eastw.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 51. 1899. Grindelia stylosa Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 2, 6: 293. 1896. Monument Valley, Navajo County, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, September (Hastwood and Howell 6660), also reported by Aven Nelson from Red Lake, eastern Coconino County. Southeastern Utah and north- eastern Arizona. 12. GUTIERREZIA. SNakEweEEp Perennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, more or less glutinous; leaves alternate, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, entire; heads small, yellow, radiate, usually numerous and crowded; involucre cylindric to campanulate, the phyllaries chartaceous, scarious- margined, with small green tips; achenes small, oblong or obovoid: pappus of several squamellae or paleae, often shorter in the ray flowers. Also known as matchweed, resinweed, broomweed, turpentine- weed. Plants of dry stony plains, mesas, and slopes. The snake- weeds are worthless plants that are not even of much value in retard- ing soil erosion. They are more or less poisonous to sheep and goats when eaten in quantity but are unpalatable and are seldom erazed. The carrying capacity of much southwestern grassland has been greatly reduced by encroachment of the snakeweeds. Key to the species 1. Heads tiny, cylindric, about 1 mm. thick; rays | or 2; disk flowers 1 to 3 (2). 2. Heads sessile, in fasciculate glomerules of 2 to 5; ray 1 (very rarely 2); disk flowers, Jor 22282 228 Se ee ee ee ie ea i G.rcipse 2. Heads often pedicelled, not fasciculate-glomerulate; rays 2; disk flowers 2 or pmeenner Pimms mein: ect ten San Cy a i oe Nee ek G. LINOIDES. 1. Heads larger, slender-turbinate to subglobose; rays 3 to 12; disk flowers 1 to 12 (3). 3. Heads subglobose to broadly turbinate; ray flowers 7 to 14; disk flowers 7 tO: DAs ie Eo eee 3. G. CALIFORNICA. 3. Heads turbinate; flowers of the rays and the disk each 3 to 8, or the disk flowers rarely only 1 or 2 (4). 4. Involucre very slenderly turbinate, 1 to 1.5 mm. thick; rays 4 or 5; disk flowers: tO oe) 2a ee a eee eee 4. G. MICROCEPHALA. 4. Involucre turbinate, usually 2 mm. thick or more; rays 3 to 8; disk flowers SB tO Beso aA a 5. G. SAROTHRAE. 1. Gutierrezia lucida Greene, Fl. Francisc. 361. 1897. Aanthocephalum lucidum Greene, Pittonia 2: 282. 1892. Gutierrezia glomerella Greene, Pittonia 4: 54. 1899. Almost throughout the State, 1,200 to 6,000 feet, June to October. Colorado to Texas, west to Nevada and California, south to Mexico. 2. Gutierrezia linoides Greene, Leaflets 2: 22. 1909. Definitely known only from the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Blumer in 1907, the type). The status of this species is not clear. 3. Gutierrezia californica (DC.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: NAS Ya roy 24 Brachyris californica DC., Prodr. 5: 313. 1836. Gutierrezia serotina Greene, Pittonia 4: 57. 1899. Gutierrezia polyantha A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 117. 1938. Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 4,200 feet, March to October, type of G. serotina from Tucson. (Toumey i mn 1892), FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S97 type of G. polyantha from near Tucson (A. and R. Nelson 1638). Central coastal California to southern Arizona and Chihuahua. 4. Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 74. 1849. Brachyris microcephala DC., Prodr. 5: 313. 1836. Gutierrezia filifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 55. 1899. Navajo, Coconino, and eastern Mohave Counties, south and south- east to Cochise County, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, August to October. Texas to Idaho, south to Arizona and Coahuila. 5. Gutierrezia eee (Pursh) Britt. and Rusby, N: Y. Acad. Sci. drans.-7° 10 “1887. Solidago sia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 540. 1814. Gutierrezia juncea Greene, Pittonia 4: 56. 1899. Gutierrezia linearis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 647. 1904. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,800 to 7,000 feet, July to October. Saskatchewan to Kansas, south to northern Mexico and Baja California. 13. AMPHIPAPPUS. CuHarrsusH Low branching shrub, white-barked; leaves alternate, obovate or elliptic, small, entire; heads small, yellow, few-flowered, crowded in small rounded terminal clusters; involucre graduated, the phyllaries broad, blunt, dryish; rays 1 or 2, small; disk flowers 3 to 6; ray achenes hairy, their pappus of more or less united bristles, awns, or paleae; disk achenes glabrous, their pappus of twisted hispidulous bristles and narrow paleae. 1. Amphipappus fremontii Torr. and Gray, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc? #2211 1845. Amphiachyris fremont. A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. ETOCS: Oo52. L573. Beaver Dam, and Chloride to Boulder Dam (Mohave County), 1,800 to 2,300 feet, April and May. Southwestern Utah and north- western Arizona to eastern California. 14. ACAMPTOPAPPUS. GoLpENHEAD Low branching shrub, white-barked; leaves alternate, spatulate to nearly linear, small, entire; heads medium-sized, discoid, yellow; involucre broad, graduated, the dry scarious-margined blunt phyllaries with a greenish subapical spot; achenes turbinate, densely villous; pappus of numerous narrowly linear paleae, some of the outer ones narrower and setiform. 1. Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus (Harv. and Gray) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 634. 1873. Aplopappus (Acamptopappus) sphaerocephalus Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 76. 1849. Northern Mohave County to Graham, Gila, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 900 to 4,500 feet, dry plains and mesas, April to October. Southern Utah to central Arizona and southern California. 898 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The plant is browsed when better forage is unavailable. Acamptopappus shockleyi A. Gray, of southern Nevada and Inyo County, California, may yet be found in northwestern Arizona. It has radiate heads solitary at the tips of the branches, whereas those of A. sphaerocephalus are discoid and are borne at the tips of cymosely arranged branchlets. 15. HETEROTHECA. TELEGRAPH-PLANT Annual or biennial herbs, hirsute or hispid, glandular above; leaves alternate, the lower ones usually with a foliaceous stipuliform dila- tion at base of the petiole; heads yellow, medium-sized ; involucre grad- uate, of numerous narrow phyllaries; ray achenes glabrous or slightly pubescent, essentially epappose; disk achenes densely hairy, their pappus double, the outer series of short bristles or setiform squamellae, the inner series of longer capillary bristles. Large coarse plants, browsed by cattle. Key to the species 1. Heads relatively small, the disk in fruit (including the pappus) 8 to 10 mm. high involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; ray achenes glabrous; appendages of the style branches two-thirds as long as the stigmatic region; upper leaves usually with cordate-clasping bases___._______-_- 1. H. SUBAXILLARTS. 1. Heads relatively large, the disk in fruit (including the pappus) 10 to 12 mm. high; involucre 7 to 10 mm. high; ray achenes pubescent at least on the angles; appendages of the style branches about half as long as the stigmatic region; upper leaves usually narrowed at base_----- 2. H.GRANDIFLORA. 1. Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. and Rusby, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 7 0s tSS8ie Inula subaxillaris Lam., Encycl. 3: 259. 1789. | Heterotheca lamarckw Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 21: 131. 1821. Yavapai, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 5,500 feet, abundant and conspicuous along roads and ditches, March to November. Delaware to Kansas, south to Florida, Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. or ae known as camphor-weed, because of the odor of the plant. 2. Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2; 7: 315. 1840. Near Prescott (Yavapai County), Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 2,500 to 4,500 feet, thickets and chapar- ral, September and October. California and Arizona. 16. CHRYSOPSIS. Go.LpEN-ASTER Low, pubescent, perennial herbs; leaves alternate, spatulate to oblong or obovate, entire; heads medium-sized, yellow, radiate, usually few and cymose; involucre graduated; achenes compressed; pappus double in both the ray and the disk flowers, the outer series of short squamellae or squamellate bristles, the inner series of much longer capillary bristles. Key to the species 1. Whole plant silvery-silky; heads very large (disk in fruit 1 to 1.5 em. high), leafy-bracted, the bracts surpassing the proper involucre and usually also the heads ie veh aa) SAE Ea ape i... C) Rurrers 1, Plant not silvery-silky, or else the heads smaller (disk in fruit 1 em. high or less), or not leafy-bracted (2). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA S99 2. Involucre densely pubescent, its glands obscure or none; plants canescent or grayish green (3). 3. Plant canescent; leaves elliptic to obovate, usually not distinctly petioled, PRNETICCONS Gane Reon) mas 2 ee 2. C. FOLIOSA. 3. Plant grayish-green; leaves usually spatulate or spatulate-obovate and Mistmenty * peneied = se Fe TL ee ae . 3. C. VILLOSA. 2. Involucre distinctly glandular, the longer eglandular hairs usually few or none (4). 4. Heads leafy-bracted; leaves mostly elliptic or oblong, sessile, green, the middle ones 2 to 4 em. Jong, the lowest leaves obovate or oblanceolate; involucre glandular and hirsute____________-_-_- 4. (CC. FULCRATA. 4. Heads rarely leafy-bracted; leaves chiefly obovate or the lower ones spatu- late-oblanceolate, narrowed to a petiolelike base, 2.5 cm. long or less (5). 5. Stem and involucre sparsely glandular_____________ 5. CC. HISPIDA. 5. Stem and involucre densely glandular, with few long eglandular hairs. C. VISCIDA. 1. Chrysopsis rutteri (Rothr.) Greene, Erythea 2: 96. 1894. Chrysopsis villosa var. rutteri Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 142. 1878. Western Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, about 5,000 feet, dry plains and mesas, August to October, type from the Sonoita Valley (Rothrock 662). Known only from southeastern Arizona. 2. Chrysopsis foliosa Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 316. 1840. White Mountains (southern Apache and Navajo Counties), Pin- aleno Mountains (Graham County), Pine Creek and Pinal Mountains (Gila County), 4,500 to 8,300 feet, plains and canyons, August to October. Minnesota to Washington, south to central Arizona. _ 3. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 327. 1836. Amellus villosus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 564. 1814. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, south to Pima County, 1,700 to 7,000 feet, dry slopes, mesas, and plains, May to October. Minnesota to Saskatchewan, south to Texas and southern Arizona. The Hopi Indians are said to use a decoction of the leaves and flowers to relieve pain in the chest. 4. Chrysopsis fulcrata Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 119. 1898. Chrysopsis resinolens A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 232. 1901. Coconino, Yavapai, Graham, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, usually among rocks, June to October. Montana to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 5. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) DC., Prodr. 7: 279. 1838. Diplopappus hispidus Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 22. 1834. Navajo and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, April to October. Saskatchewan to British Columbia, south to southern Arizona and California. 6. Chrysopsis viscida (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 2:105. 1894. Chrysopsis villosa var. viscida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 123. 1884. Near Holbrook (Navajo County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 8,500 feet, 900 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE dry ledges of cliffs, May to October. Colorado to Texas and southern Arizona. 17. SOLIDAGO. GoLpENROD Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, usually narrow, entire or toothed; heads small, radiate, yellow, in usually racemiform or cymose panicles, often secund on the branches; involucre narrow, the phyllaries more or less graduate, usually thin and dry, sometimes with herbaceous tips; achenes short; pappus of capillary bristles. Some of the species are reputed to be poisonous to livestock, especi- ally to sheep. The leaves of S. missouriensis are reported to be eaten as a salad by the Indians of northern Arizona. Key to the species 1. Heads in small rounded cymose clusters at tips of the branches and branchlets; rays small, inconspicuous, more numerous than the disk flowers; plant glabrous, rather tall, usually with numerous semierect branches, uniformly leafy; leaves linear or narrowly lance-linear, entire, 3-ribbed, not coriaceous. S. OCCIDENTALIS. 1. Heads otherwise arranged, or else the plants low and cespitose, with coriaceous leaves; rays fewer than the disk flowers (2). 2. Heads subcylindric, in dense flattish fastigiate cymes; leaves coriaceous; stems low, cespitose from a branched caudex (8). 3. Leaves 3-nerved and reticulate, the lower ones oblanceolate or linear- oblanceolates 2.5 tond mm. wide= == eee 9. S. PETRADORIA. 3. Leaves 1-nerved, narrowly linear, the lower ones about 1 mm. wide. 10. S. GRAMINEA. 2. Heads not cylindric, racemose or panicled, sometimes few and glomerate or cymose, never in dense fastigiate cymes; leaves not definitely coriaceous; stems not cespitose from a branched caudex (4). 4. Stem glabrous or sometimes loosely villous, never densely puberulous (5). 5. Heads smaller (involucre 3 to 5 mm. high), secund on the spreading, recurving, or sometimes erect branches of the usually pyramidal panicles 3.6: 5 2.580," ieee aa ge eee 3. S. MISSOURIENSIS. 5. Heads larger (involucre 4 to 6 mm. high), glomerate, racemose, or in a narrow thyrse, not secund on the branches; high montane (6). 6. Phyllaries linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate to acute, thin; leaves villous-ciliate especially toward the base. 1. SS. crLiosa. 6. Phyllaries oblong, obtuse to acutish, firm; leaves not ciliate. S. DECUMBENS. 4. Stem densely puberulous or glandular-puberulous, sometimes (in S. sparsi- flora) sparsely incurved-puberulous (7). 7. Leaves very numerous and nearly uniform, only gradually reduced above, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, strongly triplinerved, usually sharply serrate, sometimes entire (8). So nv olucre:3 to; amines lio eye eee ee eee 4. §. ALTISSIMA. See lmivelere]2 Go. ceyeraraass lac: Lapel ee en epee 5. S. CANADENSIS. 7. Leaves comparatively few and usually distinctly dimorphous (the basal leaves much larger than the middle and upper stem leaves and distinctly petioled) or, if numerous and nearly uniform, then blunt or merely acute, either feather-veined or triplinerved (9). 9. Phyllaries, at least the outer ones, with definite herbaceous or sub- herbaceous tips, densely puberulous or stipitate-glandular; leaves nearly uniform, the middle and upper ones elliptic to ovate- elliptic, usually 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, feather-veined or obscurely GT PlIiTVE RVC ese rae ee ed cen apa 8. S. WRIGHTII. 9. Phyllaries without definite herbaceous tips (sometimes obscurely greenish above), glabrous or rarely slightly puberulous; middle and upper stem leaves usually much smaller than the basal ones, mostly lanceolate to linear or spatulate, seldom as much as 1 cm. wide, usually triplinerved (10). FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 901 10. Phyllaries oblong or the outer ones ovate, very obtuse, firm and substramineous; involucre 4 to 6 mm. high; inflorescence thyrsoid, or with erect branches; plant cinereous-puberulous. . SS. NANA. 10. Phyllaries chiefly linear to linear-oblong or the outer ones usually lanceolate, acute or acutish or the outer ones acuminate, thinner; involucre 3 to 5 mm. high; inflorescence when well developed pyramidal, the heads secund on the more or less recurved branches; plants greener- -----_- 7. S. SPARSIFLORA. 1. Solidago ciliosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 22. 1896. Solidago multiradiata var. scopulorum A. Gray, Amer. Acad, Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 191. 1882. Solidago scopulorum A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 37: 264. 1904. San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), the type locality, 10,500 to 12,000 feet, July to September. Alberta and British Columbia to northern Arizona and California. 2. Solidago decumbens Greene, Pittonia 3: 161. 1897. San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), White Mountains (north- ern Greenlee County), 8,000 to 9,500 feet, July and August. British Columbia to Oregon and Arizona. 3. Solidago missouriensis Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 7: 32. 1834. Solidago glaberrima Martens, Acad. Roy. Belg. Bul. Cl. Sci. 8: 68. 1841. Solidago marshallii Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 146. 1878. Solidago tenuissima Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 182. 1913. Flagstaff and Williams (Coconino County) and southern Apache County, southward to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, open pine forest and along streams, June to August, type of S. marshallii from the Chiricahua Mountains (Roth- rock 530). Michigan and Tennessee to British Columbia, Oregon, and Arizona. 4. Solidago altissima L., Sp. Pl. 878. 1753. Solidago canadensis var. arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 197. 1882. Solidago arizonica Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 181. 1913. Coconino, Yavapai, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 8,500 feet, August and September, type of S. canadensis var. arizonica from Boulder Creek, Yavapai(?) County (Rothrock 782). Atlantic Coast States to Wyoming and Arizona. 5. Solidago canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 878. 1753. The species is represented in Arizona by var. gilvocanescens Rydb. (S. gilvocanescens Smyth). Western Gila and eastern Yavapai Counties, 3,000 to 4,000 feet, July and August. Minnesota to Kansas, westward to Montana, Nevada, and central Arizona. The stems reach a height of 2.5 m. 902 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 6. Solidago nana Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 327. 1840. Solidago pulcherrima A. Nels., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 549. 1898. Coconino County, from the Kaibab Plateau to Oak Creek, 6,500 to 9,000 feet, plains, canyons, and slopes, July toSeptember. Alberta to Nebraska and northern Arizona. 7. Solidago sparsiflora A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 12: 58e lSiive Solidago sparsiflora var. subcinerea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 159. 1884 Solidago trinervata Greene, Pittonia 3: 100. 1896. Almost throughout the State, 2,000 to 8,000 feet, pine forest and chaparral, June to October, type of S. sparsiflora from Camp Lowell, Pima County (Rothrock 706), type of var. subcinerea from Rucker Canyon, Cochise County (Lemmon). South Dakota and Wyoming to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 8. Solidago wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 16: 80. 1880. Solidago bigelovii A. Gray, ibid. 17: 190. 1882. Coconino, Mohave, Yavapai, and Gila Counties (probably else- where), 4,500 to 9,500 feet, mostly in pine forest, August to October. Western Texas to Arizona. The var. adenophora Blake (S. subviscosa Greene?) occurs farther southward, in the mountains of Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, type from the Santa Catalina Mountains (Harrison 3106). It is distinguished by the presence of stipitate glands on the involucre, pedicels, stem, and leaves. 9. Solidago petradoria Blake in Tidestrom, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium 25: 540. 1925. Chrysoma pumila Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 325. 1840. Solidago pumila Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 210. 1842. Not S. pumila Crantz, 1766. 7 Petradoria pumila Greene, Erythea 3: 13. 1895. Northeastern Apache County to the Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), 5,500 to 7,500 feet, rocky slopes and canyons, locally com- mon, June to August. Wyoming to Oregon (?), western Texas, northern Arizona, and southeastern California. It is reported that the Hopi Indians use this plant to alleviate pain in the breast. 10. Solidago graminea (Woot. and Standl.) Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour 23264, lose Petradoria graminea Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 183. 1913. Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Marsh in 1926, Eastwood and Howell 6386), dry hills and plains, June to September. Southern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northern Arizona. tl | FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 903 11. Solidago occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 226. 1842. Euthamia occidentale Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 326. 1840. Tuba, Coconino County (Kearney and Peebles 12864), 5,000 feet, September. Alberta to British Columbia, south to New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. 18. APLOPAPPUS Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire to bipinnatifid; heads small to large, usually radiate, yellow, or the rays rarely saffron color; involucre usually definitely oraduated; achenes cylindric to turbinate: pappus copious, of graduated capillary bristles. Key to the species é 1. Stems strictly herbaceous, but the plants sometimes with a woody caudex. (If the stems exceptionally herbaceous in normally woody species (A. heter- ophyllus, A. drummondii), then the heads discoid, turbinate, and the leaves usually entire) (2). 2. Heads discoid; leaves closely serrate, the teeth with white spinescent tips; heads campanulate or hemispheric, many-flowered; plant rarely more CEPT RSLS BY 1 aah 1 ed 0 RO a eat 8 ee EAE ee pe ee ee 1. A. NUTTALLIL. 2. Heads radiate (8). 3. Leaves strongly 3-nerved and veiny, coriaceous, entire; plants with woody branched caudices; stems low, few-leaved; heads usually solitary (4). 4. Phyllaries very obtuse to barely acutish, strongly graduate. 6. A. ARMERIOIDES. 4, Phyllaries acuminate to acute, usually little graduate. 7. A. ACAULIs. 3. Leaves not 3-nerved and veiny; plants not with woody branched caudices (5). 5. Leaves entire or rarely with a few teeth, large, the basal ones lanceolate to obovate, rarely less than 1.5 cm. wide; phyllaries not spinescent- tipped (6). 6. Heads 1 to 3 per stem; disk 1.5 to 2.5 em. thick; rays usually saffron color; stem loosely DuOSe ADOVES 2 =e Bo. se. Fe 4. A. CROCEUS. 6. Heads several or numerous; disk 1 em. thick or less; rays yellow; stem hispid alous aboyess 222025) 2 es 5. A. PARRYI. 5. Leaves sharply serrate to bipinnatifid, the teeth or lobes spinescent- tipped, the basal leaves not large; phyllaries spinescent-tipped (7). 7. Plant annual; involucre strigose or hirsute, obscurely if at all glandular. A. GRACILIS. 7. Plant perennial; involucre usually conspicuously glandular or POMPRROGe sess aes. Sees Oe es ee ee 3. A. SPINULOSUS. 1. Plants shrubs or undershrubs or, if almost entirely herbaceous (rarely so in A. heterophyllus and A. drummondit), then the heads discoid and turbinate (8) 8. Heads solitary at the tips of the branches, definitely peduncled, radiate, large, the disk 1 cm. high or more; involucre broad, the phyllaries about 3-seriate, not strongly graduated; pappus bright white, about 6 mm. eran S rp etait ake Se pei Seria 4 BOs tc SE Oo 8. A. LINEARIFOLIUS. 8. Hieae eer iions or panicled or, if solitary, then not definitely peduncled; involucre usually narrow, often strongly graduated; pappus straw- colored or dull whitish or brownish (9). 9. Heads usually solitary, leafy-bracted, the proper phyllaries about 2- seriate, subequal, 8 to 11 mm. long; style appendages at least twice as long as the stigmatic portion, acuminate; rays 0 to 6; plant densely CACTI 9 GIN el SI igs ae Pe SE ce es ee pe a OR Poa 9. A. SUFFRUTICOSUS. 62 Reference: HALL, H.M. THEGENUSHAPLOPAPPUS. A PHYLOGENETIC STUDYIN THECOMPOSITAE, Car negie Inst. Wash. Pub. 389:1-391. 1928. ; 904 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 9. Heads cymose or panicled or, if solitary, then not leafy-bracted; involucre strongly graduated, or else much shorter; style appendages less than twice as long as the stigmatic portion, or else (in A. scopulorum) obtusish (10). 10. Leaves spatulate to broadly obovate, entire, obtuse or apiculate, 8 to 23 mm. long, 3 to 15 mm. wide; heads small, discoid, in small terminal cymes) 22a. )o see ee eee 10. A. CUNEATUS. 10. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or cuneate or, if spatulate, then the heads radiate (11). 11. Heads radiate (12). 12. Leaves densely glandular-punctate, essentially linear, not more than 2 mm. wide; involucre 2- or 3-seriate, not strongly grad- uated)S) too) mins 1g lap ee eee eee 11. A. LARICIFOLIUS. 12. Leaves obscurely if at all glandular-punctate, often stipitate-gland- ular or resinous, spatulate to obovate, 2 to 5 mm. wide, cuspi- date-pointed; involucre several-seriate, strongly graduated (13). 13. Plant densely stipitate-glandular; leaves spatulate to oblance- olate, 15 to 20 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide. 12. A. WATSONT. 13. Plant glabrous but often glutinous; leaves obovate or spatulate- obovate, 8 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide. 13. A. CERVINUS. 11. Heads discoid (14). 14. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-ribbed, entire or with a minutely spinulose-denticulate margin; style appendages linear, much longer than the stigmatic region, sometimes twice as long; corolla teeth 1.5 to 2 mm. long (15). 15. Leaves densely impressed-punctate_______-_ 14. A. SALICINUS. 15. Leaves not impressed-punctate_________ 15. A. SCOPULORUM. 14. Leaves linear to cuneate or broader, 1-nerved, entire to toothed or pinnatifid; style appendages deltoid or triangular, shorter than the stigmatic region; corolla teeth not more than 1 mm. long (16). 16. Leaves pinnatifid, the lobes linear, several times as long as the breadth of the leaf rachis =="2=4 2322" 16. A. TENUISECTUS. 16. Leaves entire or sometimes with a few teeth, occasionally subpinnatifid, the lobes then scarcely longer than the breadth of the leaf rachis (17). 17. Phyllaries with a thickened apex bearing a large rounded gland; leaves entire to laciniate-pinnatifid. 17. A. ACRADENIUS. 17. Phyllaries scarcely thickened at apex, without a distinct gland; leaves usually entire (18). 18. Heads 7- to 15-flowered, smaller, the involucre 3.5 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obscurely if at all green-tipped. 18. A. HETEROPHYLLUS. 18. Heads 18- to 30-flowered, larger, the involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries definitely greenish-tipped. 19. A. DRUMMONDII. 1. Aplopappus nuttallii Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 242. 1842. Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 321. 1840. Not Aplopappus grindelioides DC., 1836. Sideranthus grindelioides Britton in Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 27: 620. 1900. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 5,500 to 8,000 feet, barren rocky hills and plains, June to August. Saskatchewan to Alberta, south to Nebraska, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. The Hopi Indians make a tea from the roots, which they administer for coughs. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 905 2. Aplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 76. 1849. Dieteria gracilis Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 177. 1848. Throughout the State, up to 6,000 feet, dry plains, mesas, and rocky slopes, February to November. Colorado to Texas, Arizona, southeastern California, and Mexico. 3. Aplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC., Prodr. 5: 347. 1836. Amellus spinulosus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 564. 1814. Sideranthus spinulosus Sweet, Hort. Brit. 227. 1826. Throughout the State, in various forms, March to October. Minne- sota to Alberta, south to Texas, Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. The typical form, with a tomentose involucre, apparently rare in Arizona, has been collected near Superior, Pinal County, about 2,900 feet (Harrison and Peebles 1692, Gillespie 5384). The most common form in Arizona is var. turbinellus (Rydb.) Blake (Sideranthus turbi- nellus Rydb., Eriocarpum australe Greene), characterized by a gland- ular involucre, short rays (8 mm. long or less), usually bipinnatifid lower leaves, and serrate to pinnatifid middle leaves 0.5 to 2.5 em. long. It occurs from the northeastern corner to the southern bound- ary of the State, up to about 5,000 feet. The var. gooddingii (A. Nels.) Blake (Sideranthus gooddingiit A. Nels.), characterized by a glandular involucre, longer rays (8 to 15 mm.), merely pinnatifid lower leaves, and middle leaves 2 to 4 em. long, pinnatifid with remote narrow lobes, is the prevailing form in western Arizona, ranging from the Grand Canyon and northern Mohave County to western Gila, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower. Aplopappus junceus Greene, a Ciosely related species, is known from southern California, Baja California, and Sonora, and may be found in Arizona. It is nearest A. spinulosus var. turbinellus but is taller (3 to 10 dm. high) with bright yellowish-green, very sparsely leafy stems, the upper leaves much reduced. 4. Aplopappus croceus A. Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 65. 18683. The Arizona form is var. genuflerus (Greene) Blake (Pyrrocoma genuflera Greene, P. adsurgens Greene). San Francisco Peaks to the Mogollon Escarpment (Coconino County), White Mountains (Apache and northern Greenlee Counties), 6,000 to 9,000 feet, mountain meadows and openings in coniferous forest, July to October, type from near Flagstaff (Toumey in 1894), type of P. adsurgens from Flagstaff (Rusby 645). The typical form of the species ranges from Wyoming to New Mexico and eastern Utah. 5. Aplopappus parryi A. Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 33:239. 1862. Solidago parryi Greene, Erythea 2: 57. 1894. Oreochrysum parryi Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 153. 1906. Kaibab Plateau, San Francisco Peaks, and Bill Williams Mountain (Coconino County), White Mountains (Apache and northern Greenlee Counties), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua and 906 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), 8,000 to 11,500 feet, conifer- ous forests, July to September. Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 6. Aplopappus armerioides (Nutt.) A. Gray in Ives, Colo. River Rpt. pt.4: 16. 1860. Stenotus armerioides Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 335. 1840. Navajo and eastern Coconino Counties, about 6,000 feet, mesas, often with pinyon and juniper, May and June. Saskatchewan to Nebraska, New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. *7, Aplopappus acaulis (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce Boast sos: Chrysopsis acaulis Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 7: 33. 1834. The glabrous form, var. glabratus D. C. Eaton (Stenotus falcatus Rydb., Aplopappus falcatus (Rydb.) Blake), has been reported from northern Arizona. Saskatchewan to Wyoming, Utah, Arizona (?), and California. 8. Aplopappus linearifolius DC., Prodr. 5: 347. 1836. The species is represented in Arizona by var. anterior (Coville) M. E. Jones (A. interior Coville). Northern Mohave County through Yavapai County to eastern Maricopa County, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, March to May. Utah, central and western Arizona, and southeastern California. The handsomest species in Arizona, very showy in flower. *9. Aplopappus suffruticosus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and scl. Procs6: 5042), slsGor Macronema suffruticosa Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, €:322. 1840. Mountain ridges and slopes, Sierra Nevada of California to Mon- tana, Wyoming, and Nevada (reported from Arizona), July to Sep- tember. 10. Aplopappus cuneatus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 6305) 18 73a- The Arizona form is var. spathulatus (A. Gray) Blake. Union Pass (Mohave County), Prescott (Yavapai County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 5,000 feet, rock ledges, September and October. Arizona to southeastern California and Baja Cali- fornia. 11. Aplopappus laricifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 80. 1853. Mohave, Yavapai, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,000 feet, mesas, slopes, and canyons, August to November. Wes- tern Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua. 12. Aplopappus watsoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 16: 79. 1880. Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Eastwood in 1905, Blake 9815, 9818), about 7,000 feet, on rocks, October. Southern Utah, southern Nevada, and northern Arizona, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 907 *13. Aplopappus cervinus S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 301. 1873, as Haplopappus. Ericameria cervina Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 853. 1917. Canyons, Utah (and reported from adjacent Arizona). 14. Aplopappus salicinus Blake, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 48: 171. 1935. Known only from the type collection on Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon (Eastwood 10), in bud in October. 15. Aplopappus scopulorum (M. E. Jones) Blake in Tidestrom, Con- trib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 25: 546. 1925. Bigelovia menziesii var. scopulorum M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. pci... Proc ser. 2.5: 692.-. 1895. Isocoma scopulorum Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 859. 1917. Both sides of the Grand Canyon, Coconino County (Eastwood 3586, Eastwood and Howell 7111),September. Southern Utah and northern Arizona. In the typical form the stem and leaves are glabrous, except for the ciliolate leaf margin. The var. hirtellus Blake, with hirtellous young branches, peduncles, and leaves, has been collected in Waterlily Can- yon, 35 miles north of Kayenta, Navajo County (R. E. Burton in 1934), and it occurs also in southeastern Utah. 16. Aplopappus tenuisectus (Greene) Blake in Benson, Amer. Jour. Bot. 27: 188. 1940. Linosyris coronopifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 96. 1852. Not Aplopappus coronopifolius DC., 1836. Tsocoma tenuisecta Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906. Isocoma fruticosa Rose and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 18. 1912. Aplopappus fruticosus Blake in Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 23: 1493. 1926. Western Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, plains, August to October, type of [socoma tenuisecta from Tucson (Smart in 1867). Southwestern Texas, southern Arizona, and Sonora. 17. Aplopappus acradenius (Greene) Blake in Tidestrom, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 25: 546. 1925. Bigelovia acradenia Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 126. 1883. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), and Mohave, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 4,000 feet, in various habitats, often in saline soil, August to October. Southern Utah to Arizona and southern California. 18. Aplopappus heterophyllus (A. Gray) Blake in Tidestrom, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herbarium 25: 546. 1925. Linosyris heterophylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 95. 1852. Linosyris wrightii A. Gray, ibid. Isocoma heterophylla Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894. Isocoma wrightii Rydb., Torrey ‘Bot. Club Bul. 33: 152. 1906. Navajo, eastern Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, south to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,000 feet, mesas and plains, often 908 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE in saline soil, June to September. Colorado to Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Jimmyweed, rayless-goldenrod. The plant often occupies over- orazed range land and is a common roadside weed in the irrigated districts. This, and doubtless some of the closely related species, are generally unpalatable, but when eaten in quantity by cattle cause the disease known as ‘‘milk sickness,” or ‘‘trembles,’”’ which is trans- missible through the milk to human beings. 19. Aplopappus drummondii (Torr. and Gray) Blake in Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 23: 1491. 1926. Linosyris drummondw Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 233. 1842. TIsocoma drummondii Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894. Isocoma rusbyi Greene, Leaflets 1: 170. 1906. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, about 5,000 feet, July to November, type of Isocoma rusbyi from Holbrook (Rusby in 1883). Texas to northern Arizona, and northeastern Mexico. 19. CHRYSOTHAMNUS.® RassirBRusH Shrubs; leaves alternate, linear to lnear-filiform, sometimes dotted with impressed glands; heads small or medium-sized, discoid, yellow, 4- to 7-flowered, usually panicled; involucre several-seriate, graduated, the phyllaries chartaceous, sometimes herbaceous-tipped, in more or less definite vertical ranks; achenes pubescent or glabrous; pappus of numerous capillary bristles. The latex of several species (C. nauseosus, C. paniculatus, C. viscidi- florus), contains rubber of fair quality, that of C. nauseosus being reported to yield 2.8 percent on the average and as much as 6.5 percent in selected individual plants. It has not proved practicable, as yet, to utilize this source of rubber commercially, notwithstanding the great abundance of the plants. The rubber content is reported to be highest in plants growing in saline soil. Several species are browsed to a limited extent, but the genus as a whole is of small forage value. The plants tend to increase on overgrazed land at the expense of more valuable species. Rabbitbrushes are used by the Hopi as one of the “kiva’’ fuels, and for making windbreaks, arrows, and wickerwork. 1 EK. PRINGLEI. 31. Involucre more orless glandular (sometimes very minutely 2) and often also pilose or hirsute; leavés all entire (32). 32. Plant entirely glabrous except for the very finely gland- ular involucre and apex of the peduncles; leaves 1- TAC CGE eee tyes Fy ___ 10. E. PERGLABER. 32. Plant more or less strigose-pubescent on the stems and leaves; lowest leaves usually 3-nerved (33). 33. Rays purple; basal leaves essentially glabrous except on the margin; peduncles glandular and spread- ing-pilose toward the apex____ 13. E. ursInus. 33. Rays white or purplish-tinged; basal leaves strigose on the faces; peduncles strigose__ 17. E. EATONI. 1. Erigeron simplex Greene, Fl. Francisc. 387. 1897. Alpine meadows, San Francisco Peaks, 12,000 feet (Little 4656, 4709, 4733, 4777), August and September. Montana to northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. Some of the material from Arizona is rayless or essentially so, but this feature is not constant even in the same colony. 2. Erigeron macranthus Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 310. 1840. Carrizo Mountains and Ryan Ranch (Apache County), near Flag- staff (Coconino County), about 7,000 feet, oak thickets, etc., July to 926 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE October. Alberta and British Columbia, south to New Mexico and Arizona. 3. Erigeron patens Greene, Leaflets 2: 194. 1912. Erigeron foliosissimus Greene, Leaflets 2: 194. 1912. Erigeron rudis Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herba- PIU Gs Sa Ose San Francisco Peaks and vicinity (Coconino County), Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), White Mountains (southern Apache County), south to the Pinaleno, Pinal, Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Rincon Mountains (Graham, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties), 4,000 to 8,800 feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, July to October, type of EF. patens from Strawberry Valley, Gila County (MacDougal in 1891), type of E. foliosissimus from near Fort Huachuca (Wilcox 460). New Mexico and Arizona. 4. Erigeron superbus Greene ex Rydb., Fl. Colo. 361, 364. 1900. Erigeron eldensis Greene, Leaflets 2: 196. 1912. Erigeron apiculatus Greene, Leaflets 2: 217. 1912. North rim of the Grand Canyon, San Francisco Peaks, and Bill Williams Mountain (Coconino County), Pinaleno Mountains (Gra- ham County), 8,000 to 10,500 feet, coniferous forests, July to Sep- tember, type of FE. eldensis from Elden Mountain, Coconino County (Leiberg 5837), type of EL. apiculatus from Mount Graham (Rothrock 736). Wyoming to Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 5. Erigeron kuschei Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 5, 20: See ode Known only from Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, 6,000 to 8,000 feet (Kusche in 1927, the type collection). 6. Erigeron rusbyi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 217. 1884. Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 7,000 to 10,500 feet, coniferous forests, July to October. New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Both Erigeron rusbyi and E. kuscher are perhaps only less pubescent forms of F. arizonicus. EE. kuschei, except for its ciliate leaves, is also strongly suggestive of a dwarf form of EL. superbus. 7. Erigeron arizonicus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: Dae nS Soe Erigeron huachucanus Greene, Leaflets 2: 197. 1912. Known only from the Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), where the type of E. arizonicus was collected in Tanner Canyon (Lemmon 2751), and the type of H. huachucanus near Fort Huachuca (Wilcox 482). 8. Erigeron pecosensis Standl., Muhlenbergia 5: 29. 1909. Erigeron gulielmi Greene, Leaflets 2: 195. 1912. Erigeron subasper Greene, Leaflets 2: 195. 1912. Erigeron scaberulus Greene, Leaflets 2: 212. 1912. Throughout Coconino County, White Mountains (southern Apache and Navajo and northern Greenlee Counties), Pine (northwestern ee a = ee a 0 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 927 Gila County), 5,500 to 10,500 feet, coniferous forests, July to Sep- tember, type of EF. gulielmi from Bill Williams Mountain (Palmer in 1869), type of EF. subasper from the San Francisco Peaks (Purpus 8084), type of FE. scaberulus from the White Mountains (Griffiths 5353). New Mexico and Arizona. The pubescence of the involucre is extremely variable in this species. The type sheets of both EF. gulielmi and E. subasper bear specimens essentially identical in other characters, of which some are densely hirsute or hirsutulous on the involucre, others densely glandular with very few or no long hairs; and the type sheet of . pecosensis shows a similar but less extreme amount of variation. The species is one of the complex EF. glabellus group, and a revisionary study might discover an earlier name for it. 9. Erigeron concinnus (Hook. and Arn.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 174. 1841. Distasis (?) concinna Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 350. 1840. Northern Apache County to northern and eastern Mohave County and northern Yavapai County, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, dry sandy or stony mesas and slopes, with pine and juniper, April to October. Mon- tana to British Columbia, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. The var. aphanactis A. Gray, with rayless heads, has been collected in Apache County, at the north end of the Carrizo Mountains (Stand- ley 7465) and near Rock Point (Peebles and Smith 13536). The var. condensatus D. C. Eaton, a dwarf subscapose form, occurs in Navajo County. 10. Erigeron perglaber Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 471. 1940. Known only from a collection from Arizona, without definite locality (Palmer in 1869). The plant has the appearance of Erigeron concinnus, but is gla- brous. 11. Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 535. 1814. The Arizona form is var. multifidus (Rydb.) Macbr. and Payson (EZ. multifidus Rydb.). San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County, 11,500 feet (Little 4750). Greenland to Alaska, south to Colorado, northern Arizona, and California. 12. Erigeron pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 210. -b882: Oak Creek Canyon (Coconino County), Natural Bridge, Pine, Sierra Ancha, Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 5,000 to 9,000 feet, ledges of cliffs and rock crevices in canyons, May to July, type from Mount Wrightson, Pima County (Pringle in 1881). Known only from central and southern Arizona. 13. Erigeron ursinus D. C. Eaton in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 148. 1871. Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County, 8,500 to 9,000 feet (Cottam 2675, Collom in 1940). Montana and Idaho to Colorado, Utah, north- ern Arizona, and California. 286744°—42——_59 928 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 14. Erigeron canus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 67. 1849. Defiance Plateau (Apache County), Keam Canyon (Navajo Coun- ty), Kaibab Plateau and vicinity of Flagstaff (Coconino County), 6,600 to 7,500 feet, mesas and open pine forest, June and July. South Dakota and Wyoming to Nebraska, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. 15. Erigeron utahensis A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 16: 89. 1880. Erigeron stenophyllus var. (?) tetrapleurus A. Gray, ibid. 8: 650. 1873. Erigeron sparsifolius Kastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 2, 6: 297. 1896. Carrizo Mountains (Apache County), Kayenta (Navajo County), Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 3,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, June to October. Southern Utah and northern Arizona. 16. Erigeron compactus Blake, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 35: 78. 1922. Erigeron pulvinatus Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 911. 1917. Not E. pulvinatus Wedd., 1857. Northern Apache County (Peebles and Smith 13467, Turner in 1935), El Capitan and southeast of Kayenta, northern Navajo County (Peebles and Fulton 11921, 11971), 5,600 to 6,200 feet, barren rocky slopes and mesas, May and June. Utah, Nevada, and northeastern Arizona. Plant forming compact mounds about 0.3 m. in diameter, attractive in flower, the rays pink. 17. Erigeron eatoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 16: 91. 1880. Betatakin Canyon (Navajo County), Navajo Mountain and rim of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 7,000 to 8,000 feet, rocky slopes, June. Wyoming to Oregon, northern Arizona, and California. 18. Erigeron oxyphyllus Greene, Erythea 3: 20. 1895. Black Mountains and near Yucca (Mohave County), Sierra Estrella (Maricopa County), Picacho Mountain (Pinal County), 2,000 to 3,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, March to May, type from Yucca (Jones in 1884). Known only from western and southwestern Arizona. Stems wandlike, many from a woody crown, the dead stems long- persistent. 19. Erigeron lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: DPS Sar Fish Creek Canyon, eastern Maricopa County (Peebles 7958), Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882), near Tuc- son, Pima County (Lemmon in 1883), 1,600 (to 6,000?) feet, cliffs, May to September, type from Tanner Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). Known only from southern Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 929 20. Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 68. 1849. Erigeron macdougali Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 591. 1899. Erigeron tonsus Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium 16: 186. 1913. Northern Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,500 feet, open coniferous forests and mountain parks, May to September, type of L. macdougalii from San Francisco Peaks (MacDougal 390). South Dakota and Wyoming to Texas, New Mexico, and southern Arizona. Occasional specimens (such as Wilcox 44, Peebles et al. 2642, Cham- berlain 45) are suggestive of hybridism between this species and F. nudifiorus, combining the habit of one of these species with the pubes- cence of the other. 21. Erigeron nudiflorus Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1861: 456. 1862. Erigeron commistus Greene, Pittonia 5: 58. 1902. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, rocky slopes, mesas, and canyons, common, March to July. Colorado and Utah to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 22. Erigeron bellidiastrum Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, f22301- 1840: Erigeron eastwoodiae Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 183. 1913. Known for Arizona only by a collection in the Carrizo Mountains, Apache County (Standley 7433, the type of L. eastwoodiae). South Dakota to Nevada, Texas, and northeastern Arizona. 23. Erigeron divergens Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 175. 1841. ? Erigeron accedens Greene, Pittonia 4: 155. 1900. Erigeron wootont Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 153. 1906. Erigeron gracillimus Greene, Leaflets 2: 212. 1912. Erigeron furcatus Greene, Leaflets 2: 213. 1912. Throughout the State, 1,000 to 9,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas and open pine woods, very common, February to October, type of E. accedens (not examined) from Clifton, Greenlee County (Davidson in 1899), type of EF. gracillimus from Coconino National Forest (Jardine and Hill in 1911), type of E. furcatus from Kendrick Peak, Coconino County (Knowlton 45). South Dakota to British Columbia, see to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. 24. Erigeron lobatus A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 580. 1934. Mohave, southern Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,500 to 3,000 feet, plains, mesas, and rocky slopes, March to May, 930 MISC. PUBLICATION 428, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE type from Canyon Lake, Maricopa County (A. Nelson 11209). Known only from southern and western Arizona. 25. Erigeron neomexicanus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc2 19272) essse Near Flagstaff (Coconino County) to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, with oaks or pines, August to October. New Mexico and Arizona. Several specimens from the Chiricahua, Patagonia, and Santa Rita Mountains (Blumer 1352, Eggleston 10830, 10882, 10887, Kearney and Peebles 10072, 10564, Griffiths 6027) have the pubescence mostly appressed to ascending (not wide-spreading as in the typical form) and thus approach EF. delphinifolius Willd. of Mexico, but in all of them the hairs toward the base of the stem are spreading, and they appear to represent a phase of /’. neomexicanus rather than EL. delphini- folius, which has not been recognized in the United States. 26. Erigeron oreophilus Greenm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 41: 2Oiho OOS: San Francisco Peaks and Flagstaff (Coconino County), Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County), and mountains of southern Yavapai, Graham, Gila, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 9,000 feet, oak chaparral and open pine forests, July to October. Arizona and northern Mexico. 27. Erigeron eriophyllus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 77. 1853. On the Sonoita, southwestern Cochise County (Wright, the type collection), near Ruby, Santa Cruz County, 4,300 feet (Kearney and Peebles 13783, 14914), with live oaks and grasses, September. Ap- parently known only from these 3 collections in southeastern Arizona. 28. Erigeron schiedeanus Less., Linnaea 5: 145. 1830. Conyza subdecurrens DC., Prodr. 5: 379. 1836. Erigeron subdecurrens A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 78. 1859. Kaibab Plateau and San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Chiricahua Mountains (Co- chise County), Rincon and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 7,500 to 9,000 feet, open pine forests, August and September. South- western Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. 29. Erigeron linifolius Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1955. 1804. Agua Fria River bottom near Avondale, Maricopa County, 1,000 feet (Peebles et al. 2462). Southeastern United States, southern Arizona, and California; a common weed in the warmer parts of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook., mainly a northern species but known also from New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and southern California, is represented in the United States National Herbarium by specimens labeled as from northern Arizona (P. F. Mohr in 1874). It seems inadvisable to include the species formally in the flora of Arizona until specimens with more definite data become available. 30. Erigeron canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 863. 1753. Leptilon canadense Britton in Britt. and Brown, Illus. Fl. 3: 391. 1898. Throughout most of the State except the extreme western portion, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, waste land and cultivated fields, July to October. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 931. Widely distributed in North America and South America, naturalized in the Old World. Horseweed, a coarse unsightly plant. The form occurring in Arizona is much less pubescent than the common eastern form. The name var. glabratus A. Gray applies to it, but it scarcely appears to merit varietal distinction. 31. Erigeron pusillus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 148. 1818. Superior to Miami, Gila County, 4,800 feet (Gillespie 8634), October. Massachusetts to Florida, west to Arizona and southward into tropi- cal America. 29. CONYZA Herbs, similar to some species of Erigeron in habit, distinguished only by having the corollas of the outer (pistillate) flowers of the head tubular-filiform, not ligulate. Key to the species 1. Leaves merely toothed to coarsely pinnatifid; achenes hispidulous (sometimes also glandular), not puncticulate_____________________ 1. C. COULTERI. 1. Leaves once or twice pinnately parted into mostly linear lobes; achenes gla- Brom. puncticiiaie in lines=) 7. i 8 2 eo 2. C. SOPHIAEFOLIA. 1. Conyza coulteri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 355. 1868. Eschenbachia coulteri Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 154. 1906. Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County) to Cochise and Pima Counties, 1,400 to 8,000 feet, fields, plains, and river bottoms, April to October. Colorado and Texas to California and Mexico. Closely similar in appearance to Erigeron schiedeanus Less. and often confused with it. In C. coulteri the corollas of the pistillate flowers are tubular-filiform, without a ligule, and the achenes are only 0.5 to 0.8 mm. long. In E. schiedeanus the pistillate flowers possess small but definite ligules, and the achenes are 1 to 1.4 mm. long. 2. Conyza sophiaefolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 72. 1820. Conyza coulteri var. tenuisecta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 221. 1884. Eschenbachia tenuisecta Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 186. 1913. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County), 4,000 to 6,000 feet, ‘dry hills and plains, August to October, type of C. coulteri var. tenuisecta from near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon 2753). Southwestern New Mexico, south- eastern Arizona, and Mexico. 30. BACCHARIS Dioecious shrubs, rarely only suffrutescent at base; leaves alter- nate, entire to toothed: heads usually numerous and panicled, discoid, whitish ; involucre craduated, of chartaceous whitish phyllaries: pistillate heads composed entirely of tubular-filiform pistillate flow- ers; staminate heads composed entirely of hermaphrodite flowers, with tubular 5-toothed corollas, infertile; achenes small, 5- to 10-ribbed: Q32 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE pappus in the pistillate flowers of copious capillary bristles, in the staminate flowers of scabrous, often twisted, clavellate bristles. Most of the species are browsed at times, but their palatability is generally low and some of them (B. pteronioides, B. sarothroides) are reputed poisonous to livestock. The widely distributed and very common seepwillow (B. glutinosa) is recommended for erosion control, along water courses, because of its deep, widespreading root system and its tendency to form thickets. It is stated to be readily propa- gated by cuttings. Key to the species 1. Plants low (usually 60 em. high or less), woody only at base; leaves all small (mostly less than 1 em. long), narrow, entire (2). 2. Plant glabrous; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high; pistillate pappus deep brown or purplish browne. = =a hi ee See pe ee 1. B. wricurtt. 2. Plant densely hispidulous or hirtellous; involucre 6 mm. high or less; pistillate pappus merely brownish-tinged_ __-___-______- 2. B. BRACHYPHYLLA. 1. Plants either much taller, or definitely woody-stemmed, or the leaves con- spicuously toothed (3). 3. Heads solitary at the tips of very short leafy branchlets, these racemosely arranged along the branches; larger leaves mostly obovate and sharply toothed, those of the flowering branchlets minute and entire. B. PTERONIOIDES. 3. Heads otherwise arranged (4). 4. Broomlike shrubs, with numerous, erect, strongly sulcate-angled branches; leaves usually essentially absent at flowering time, if present, then mostly obovate or spatulate and usually entire (5). 5. Pistillate pappus very short, 3 to 4mm. long, scarcely or not surpassing the styles; receptacle often rounded or elevated, usually bearing some pales between the flowers, at least in the pistillate head; staminate heads 2-5" to: 4.mimc higgins eee ee 4. B. SERGILOIDEs. 5. Pistillate pappus elongate in fruit (10 mm. long or more), much sur- passing the styles; receptacle flattish, deeply alveolate but not bear- ing pales; staminate heads 3.5 to 7mm. high__ 5. B.SAROTHROIDEs. 4. Plants not broomlike (or sometimes somewhat so in B. emoryz); leaves normally present at flowering time, usually toothed (6). 6. Pistillate pappus in fruit elongate, surpassing the styles by 3 mm. or more (7). 7. Larger leaves cuneate-oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 3 to 18 mm. wide, distinctly 3-nerved; involucre 4 to 8 mm. high. 6. B. EMORYI. 7. Larger leaves mostly linear or narrowly oblanceolate, 3 to 8 mm. wide, usually 1-nerved; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high. B. NEGLECTA. 6. Pistillate pappus in fruit not elongate, scarcely or not surpassing the styles (8). 8. Leaves narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 8 mm. wide, usually closely, evenly, and sharply spinulose-serrulate. . B. THESIOIDEs. 8. Leaves from lanceolate or elliptic to cuneate-obovate, entire or rather coarsely or unevenly toothed, the teeth not spinulose (9). 9. Leaves cuneate-oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, rather coarsely and unequally toothed, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, 4 to 15 mm. wide. : . B. BIGELOVI. 9. Leaves mostly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 15 cm. long, entire or evenly toothed (10). 10. Heads in a cymose panicle terminating the stem; leaves usually tooth eds cos oe Se eee ee ee ee 10. B. GLUTINOSA. 10. Heads in small cymose panicles terminating numerous short lateral branches as well as the main stem; leaves mostly en tires. Se 5 sec ee ie eee 11. B. VIMINEA. : ee ee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 933 1. Baccharis wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 101. 1852. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and northern Yavapai Counties, 5,000 to 6,200 feet, May to July. Kansas and western Texas to Arizona and Durango. 2. Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 83. 1853. Mohave, Yavapai, Maricopa, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 2,500 we 3,500 feet, May to September. Arizona, southern California, and onora. 3. Baccharis pteronioides DC., Prodr. 5: 410." 1836. Aplopappus ramulosus DC., ibid. p. 350. Baccharis ramulosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. Sen. Of oul 1854. Yavapai, Graham, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,600 feet, April to September. Western Texas, southern New Mexico, and Arizona, south to Puebla. Yerba-de-pasmo. Although the name ramulosa has page priority, the name pteronioides was chosen by Gray ® when the two specific names weré first combined and must be used under the International Rules. 4. Baccharis sergiloides A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 83. 1859. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) to southern Mohave, Yavapai, and Maricopa Counties, 3,200 to 5,000 feet, flowering nearly through- out the year, the type collected by Emory’s expedition along the Gila or Colorado River, probably in Arizona. Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora. 5. Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. fy2 20h rei SeZ. Baccharis arizonica Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 20: 155. 1931. Yavapai, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 4,000 feet, hillsides and bottom lands, sometimes in saline soil, September to February, types of B. arizonica from Packard, Gila County (Eastwood 15832, 15833). Southwestern New Mexico to southern California, northern Mexico, and Baja California. Broom baccharis, rosinbrush. 6. Baccharis emoryi A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 83. 1859. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Pierce Ferry (Mohave County), and in Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 500 to 4,000 feet, mostly along streams, September to November, the type collected by Em- ory’s expedition along the Gila River in 1846. Texas to southern California and southern Utah, reported also to occur in northern Mexico. Emory baccharis. Plants up to 2 m. high. 66 GRAY, ASA. NOVITIAE ARIZONICAE, ETC. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 199-220. 1882. (See p. 212.) 034 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. Baccharis neglecta Britton in Britt. and Brown, Illus. Fl. 3: 394. 1898. Known in Arizona only by a collection in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1882). Nebraska to Texas, and Ari- zona to northern Mexico. The only Arizona specimen examined, from Cave Canyon, Hua- chuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882), is somewhat dubious, having the leaves considerably broader than normal but having the small pistillate heads of B. neglecta. Gray ™ referred this collection to B. angustifolia Michx. of which B. neglecta is a segregate. 8. Baccharis thesioides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 61. 1820. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, August and September. Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona, south to central Mexico. Plants up to 2 m. high. 9. Baccharis bigelovii A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 84. 1859. Chiricahua and Mule Mountains (Cochise County), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, September. Southwestern Texas, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 10. Baccharis glutinosa Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 425. 1807. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 5,700 feet, but usually lower, very common along watercourses, often forming thickets, March to December. Colorado and Texas to California and Mexico; South America. Seepwillow, also known as waterwillow, waterwally, and water- motie. Plants up to at least 2.2 m. high. 11. Baccharis viminea DC., Prodr. 5: 400. 1836. Willow Springs Mountains (Griffiths 3647), near the mouth of the Gila River, Yuma County (Monnet 1057), spring and late summer. Southwestern Utah and western Arizona to California. 31. PLUCHEA. MarsH-FLEABANE Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate; heads small, disciform, in ter- minal cymes or panicles, the corollas purplish; involucre graduated, the bracts chartaceous to subscarious; receptacle naked; outer flowers pistillate, with a tubular-filiform corolla, the inner hermaphrodite; achenes small, 4- or 5-ribbed; pappus of capillary bristles; anthers caudate at base. The rank-smelling arrowweed (P. sericea) forms dense thicket in stream beds and in moist saline soil at relatively low elevations. It is browsed by deer and sometimes by cattle and horses. The straight stems are used by the Pima Indians in constructing the roofs and walls of primitive huts, for making baskets, and, formerly, for arrow shafts. An infusion of the herbage was used as a remedy for sore eyes. The flowers are reported to be an important source of honey in Arizona. 67 GRAY, ASA. SYNOPTICAL FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA 12: 1884. (See p. 222.) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 935 Key to the species 1. Green, glandular-pubescent annual; leaves mostly oblong or ovate, toothed; pappus bristles not dilated at tip___.-__.______._-- 1. P. CAMPHORATA. 1. Silky-pubescent shrub; leaves linear to lanceolate, entire; pappus bristles dilated at tip, especially in the hermaphrodite flowers___ 2. P. SERICEA. 1. Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 452. 1836. Erigeron camphoratum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1212. 1763. Bill Wiliams Mountain, Coconino County (Palmer in 1869), near Phoenix, Maricopa County (Harrison and Kearney 220), locally abundant along the Gila River, Pinal County, in alluvial soil, Sep- tember and October. Maine to Texas, Nevada, and California, south to Mexico. Saltmarsh-fleabane. The plant has a strong, camphorlike odor. The specific name P. camphorata is here used in the sense of Gray’s Manual, ed. 7.8 2. Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 128. 1893. Polypappus sericeus Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 178. 1848. Tessaria borealis Torr. and Gray ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 75. 1849. Berthelotia sericea Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 154. 1906. Almost throughout the State, up to 3,000 feet (seldom higher), very abundant along streams, sometimes in saline soil, flowering chiefly in spring. ‘Texas to Utah, southern California, and northern Mexico. 32. STYLOCLINE Low woolly annuals; leaves alternate, linear or spatulate-linear, entire; heads small, clustered, heterogamous, disciform; outer flowers pistillate, with filiform corollas, each subtended by a pale, the 4 or 5 inner flowers hermaphrodite and infertile; pales of the pistillate flow- ers boat-shaped, tipped with a hyaline appendage, completely inclosing the achenes and deciduous with them; pales subtending the hermaph- rodite flowers flattish; pappus none in the fertile flowers, a few bristles in the hermaphrodite flowers. Key to the species 1. Bracts enclosing the pistillate flowers with a narrow, only moderately woolly body, this broadly hyaline-winged throughout its length. 1. S. GNAPHALIOIDEs. 1. Bracts enclosing the pistillate flowers with a broader, densely long-woolly body produced only at apex into an ovate hyaline appendage. 2. S. MICROPOIDEs. 1. Stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 3388. 1840. Stylocline arizonica Coville, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 7: 79. 1892. Fort Mohave (Mohave County) and at several localities in Mari- copa County, 500 to 1,500 feet, February to May, type of S. arizonica from Verde Mesa (Smart in 1867). California to Baja California and Arizona. 68 GRAY, ASA. NEW MANUAL OF BOTANY (ed.7). 1908. (See p. 819.) 936 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Stylocline micropoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 84. 1853. Northwestern Mohave County, and Maricopa, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 500 to 4,000 ‘feet, March to May. "New Mexico and Utah to southern California. 33. EVAX Low, diffusely branched, white-woolly annual; leaves alternate, small, ‘oblanceolate or spatulate, entire; heads small, disciform, clustered in bracted 2lobose terminal olomerules; outer flowers pistil- late, the inner (2 to 5) flowers hermaphrodite, infertile, all subtended by flattish pales; pappus none. 1. Evax multicaulis DC., Prodr. 5: 459. 1836. Filago nicea Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 333. 1897. Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 2,500 feet, March to May. Texas and Oklahoma to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 34. FILAGO Low, whitish-woolly annuals; leaves alternate, narrow, entire; heads small, clomerate, disciform ; outer flowers pistillate, the outermost of these subtended by boat- shaped open pales, epappose, the others usually without pales and with a pappus of capillary bristles; inner- most flowers (2 to 5) hermaphrodite, usually without pales, pappose. Key to the species 1. Plant diffuse, with very slender naked internodes, the leaves practically wanting except for those subtending and conspicuously surpassing the heads; flowers within the inner circle of pales mostly 4 or 5, all hermaphrodite. 1. F. aArRIzonica. 1. Plants erect or diffuse, the stems normally leafy at least below, the leaves subtending the heads only rarely surpassing the latter; flowers within the inner circle of pales about 12 to 20, only about 2 to 4 of them hermaphrodite (2). 2. Plant diffuse or merely ascending; achenes all smooth; outer bracts with a hyaline appendage about as long as the body_______- 2. F. DEPRESSA. 2. Plant normally erect; inner achenes papillose; outer bracts with a hyaline appendage about half as long as the body orless____ 8. F. CALIFORNICA. 1. Filago arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 652. 1873. Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 2,500 feet, March and April, type from Verde Mesa (Smart i in 1867). ‘Southern Arizona to southern California and northern Baja California. 2. Filago depressa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 3. 1883. Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 3,500 feet, March and April. Southern Arizona to southern California. 3. Filago californica Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 405. 1841. Oglifa californica Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 914. 1917. Fort Mohave (Mohave County), and southern Apache, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 500 to 7,000 feet, March to May. Southern Arizona to Utah and California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 937 35. ANTENNARIA. PussyTors Dioecious, dwarf, tomentose, stoloniferous, perennial herbs, rarely suffruticulose; leaves mostly in a basal rosette, small, entire, obovate or spatulate, those of the stem reduced; heads rather small, discoid, strictly staminate or pistillate; involucre strongly graduated, of scarious phyllaries; pistillate corollas filiform; hermaphrodite (func- tionally staminate) corolias tubular, 5-toothed, whitish; achenes small ; pappus of the pistillate flowers of copious capillary bristles, united at base and deciduous in a ring; pappus of the staminate flowers of more or less clavellate and slightly flattened bristles. In many species of this genus parthenogenetic reproduction is the rule, and staminate plants are very rare; they are common, however, in A. rosulata and A. marginata. Key to the species 1. Heads sessile or subsessile among the leaves of the basal rosettes, solitary or 2 tees ee Cr el ad ee Se es) ee as 1. A. ROSULATA. 1. Heads capitate or closely cymose at the tips of erect stems, these normally 5 cm. high or more (2). 2. Leaves soon glabrate and green above;inflorescence finely stipitate-glandular. A. MARGINATA. 2. Leaves persistently tomentose above; inflorescence not glandular (3). 3. Pistillate heads 8 to 10 mm. high or more; basal leaves usually 5 to 9mm. LC eg ee a Cae: Neg Ae oN A ae a Re Oe eo 3. A. APRICA. 3. ney heads less than 8 mm. high; basal leaves usually 4 mm. wide or less (4). 4. Phyllaries blackish green or fuscous toward the base, or nearly through- Oe ag a png a oy cle gat aN cease in 4. A. UMBRINELLA. 4. Phyllaries greenish or light brown at base, otherwise white. 5. A. ARIDA. 1. Antennaria rosulata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 300. 1897. Rim of the Grand Canyon, San Francisco Peaks, Flagstaff (Coco- nino County), mostly 5,500 to 8,000 feet, May and June. Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. 2. Antennaria marginata Greene, Pittonia 3: 290. 1898. Antennaria recurva Greene, Pittonia 3: 290. 1898. Antennaria marginata var. glandulifera A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pub. Bote 4: 134° °1926. White Mountains (Apache County) and Coconino County to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, rocky slopes and ridges, April to July, type of A. recurva from Flagstaff (MacDougal in 1891), type of A. marginata var. glandulifera from Schultz Pass, near Flagstaff (Hanson 635). Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. The type of Antennaria recurva, which is very immature, is one of the occasional specimens of this species in which the leaves remain tomentose above. 3. Antennaria aprica Greene, Pittonia 3: 282. 1898. Coconino, Yavapai, Graham, Gila, and Pima Counties, from the Kaibab Plateau to the southern mountains, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, May to August. Manitoba to British Columbia, south to New Mexico and central Arizona. 938 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Antennaria umbrinella Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 302. 1897. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Little 4637 (?), 4708, 4718). Montana to British Columbia, south to Colorado and Arizona. 5. Antennaria arida E. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 27: 210. 1899. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Purpus in 1902, Hitchcock in 1915). Montana to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 36. ANAPHALIS. PEARL-EVERLASTING Erect perennial herb, usually 30 cm. high or more, tomentose, at least on the stem and the lower leaf surface; leaves alternate, linear or linear-oblong, entire, slightly or not at all decurrent; heads in close cymose panicles, discoid or disciform, subdioecious, the pistillate ones usually with a few central hermaphrodite flowers; involucre strongly eraduated, of milk-white papery-scarious phyllaries, radiating when dry; achenes short; pappus of capillary bristles, these not united at base. 1. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci, PoC. 8: Obd4) Motor Gnaphalium margaritaceum L., Sp. Pl. 850. 1753. The Arizona form of this variable species is nearest var. subalpina Gray, although not typical. ‘Buckskin Mountains,” Kaibab Plateau, Coconino County (Jones 6056 k), ‘northern Arizona” (Mrs. E. P. Thompson 383), flowering late summer and autumn. South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Utah and northern Arizona. 37. GNAPHALIUM. CupDWEED, EVERLASTING Low herbs, more or less woolly; leaves alternate, narrow, entire; heads small, usually numerous, sometimes glomerate, disciform, all the flowers fertile; involucre graduated, of numerous scarious phyllar- ies; outer flowers numerous, pistillate, the inner ones hermaphrodite; receptacle naked; pappus of capillary bristles. Key to the species 1. Pappus bristles united at base and deciduous in a ring; heads spicate; phyllary tips normally deep purple or brownish_-_________-~- 9. G. PURPUREUM. 1. Pappus bristles not united at base, falling separately or in groups (2). 2. Heads very small, clustered and imbedded in wool, the clusters leafy-bracted; involucre scarcely graduated, the scarious tips of the phyllaries relatively inconspicuous; low annuals, seldom more than 20 cm. high (8). 3. Plant thinly but rather closely woolly; leaves linear-spatulate or linear, 1 to 8 mm. wide; inflorescence (when well developed) spiciform. -- (G.- GRAYE 3. Plant loosely floccose-woolly; leaves spatulate to oblong or obovate, 3 to 8 mm. wide; heads clustered at the tips of the stem and branches, not spicately, arranged 352 = sees = eee 8. G. PALUSTRE. 2. Heads medium-sized, not leafy-bracted; involucre strongly graduated, the phyllaries conspicuously scarious nearly throughout; plants usually 30 cm. high or more (4). 4. Leaves gray-tomentose above as well as beneath, sometimes (in G. arizoni- cum) only thinly so (5). 5. Leaves not at all or only obsoletely decurrent; phyllary tips white or slightly tinged with straw color, mostly obtuse-_ 1. G. WRIGHTII. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 939 5. Leaves definitely decurrent, or at least with broad adnate auricles (6). 6. Phyllaries straw color or distinctly yellowish, very obtuse; heads campanulate-subglobose, about 150- to 225-flowerad. 2. G. CHILENSE. 6. Phyllary tips brownish (sometimes purplish-tinged), acute or acumi- nate; heads slender, about 31- to 47-flowered__ 3. G. ARIZONICUM. 4. Leaves bright green and strongly glandular-pubescent above, whitish- tomentose beneath, all decurrent (7). 7. Phyllary tips pearly white, papery, not shining; stem densely whitish- DONIC es ee 28 eee re eS 4. G. LEUCOCEPHALUM. 7. Phyllary tips straw color or whitish, thin-scarious, shining; stem glandu- lar-pilose, with or without a thin gray tomentum (8). 8. Heads campanulate-subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. high, about 130- to 150-flowered; phyllary tips straw color to at brownish. G. MACOUNTI. 8. Heads subcylindric, 4 mm. high, 30- to 35-flow at ae phyllary tips Rt AS eg ns Sa ee Sn ee 6. G. PRINGLEI 1. Gnaphalium wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. lfz 214. .1882. Gnaphalium viridulum I. M. Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 70: 86. 1924. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky slopes, August to October. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. 2. Gnaphalium chilense Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 480. 1826. Chuska Mountains (Apache County) and Pierce Spring (Mohave County) to Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 1,200 to 5,500 feet, along streams, May to October. Montana to Washington, south to Texas, southern Arizona, and California. 3. Gnaphalium arizonicum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 197.3... 1883- Mogollon Escarpment (Coconino County), Rincon and Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 7,500 feet, pine forests, August to October, type from near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). Arizona and northern Mexico. 4. Gnaphalium leucocephalum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 99. 1853. Eastern Maricopa County, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, sandy “beds of streams, etc., ’ July to September. Southern Arizona, ‘southern California, and Sonora. Plant with an odor of lemon-verbena, the stems sometimes 50 or more from 1 root. 5. Gnaphalium macounii Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 278. 1902. Gnaphalium decurrens Ives, Amer. Jour. Sci. 1: 381. 1819. Not G. decurrens L., 1759. White Mountains (Apache County), Kaibab Plateau (Coconino County), and Hualpai Mountain (Mohave County) to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,600 to 10,000 feet, open coniferous forests, July to October. Canada south to West Virginia, Texas, southern Arizona, and northern California. 940 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 6. Gnaphalium pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. VALS iva | ESOS Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County) and mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, canyons, August to October. Southern Arizona "and Chihuahua. Not previously recorded from the United States. 7. Gnaphalium grayi Nels. and Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 61: 46. 1916. Gnaphalium strictum A. Gray, U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 110. 1857. Not G. strictum Lam., 1788. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Conca Kaibab Plateau, San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), 6,000 to 9,500 feet, moun- tain meadows, August and September. Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 8. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2,4: 403. 1841. Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1), 200)t0. 5: 000 feet, moist soil, April to October. Alberta and British Columbia to New Mexico, southern Arizona, and California. 9. Gnaphalium purpureum L., Sp. Pl. 854. 1753. Rincon, Santa Catalina, and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 2,800 to 7,500 feet, March to May. Maine to Kansas and southern Arizona, also British Columbia to California. 38. LAGASCEA ® Pubescent shrub about 1 m. high; leaves opposite, ovate, petioled, acuminate; heads 1-flowered, small, crowded at the tips of the branches in dense glomerules, these subtended by a few herbaceous bracts; involucre of the individual heads tubular, gamophyllous, 5- or 6- toothed; corolla tubular, yellow; achene columnar; pappus a short crown. 1. Lagascea decipiens Hemsl., Diagn. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879. Nocca decipiens Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891 (as Noccaea). Calhounia nelsonae A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pub. Bot. 1: 55. 1924. Oro Blanco Mountains (Santa Cruz County), Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), about 4,000 feet, canyons, December to May, type of Calhounia nelsonae from the Baboquivari Mountains (Hanson 1023). Southern Arizona and Mexico. 39. GUARDIOLA 7 Branching perennial, up to 1 m. high, glabrous, somewhat glaucous; leaves opposite, roundish-ovate, obtuse, toothed, subcordate, very short-petioled; heads rather small, in terminal cymose clusters, radiate, the corollas white, the anthers green; involucre cylindric, of 69 Reference: ROBINSON, L. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS NoccA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 36. (Gray BOE ert Contrib. 20): 467-471. 1901. 70 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L. REVISION OF THE GENUS GUARDIOLA. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 232-235. 1899. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 94] few, thin, equal phyllaries; rays 1 to 5, fertile; disk flowers hermaphro- dite, sterile; receptacle paleaceous; achenes oblong, epappose. 1. Guardiola platyphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 91. 1853. Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County) to the Santa Catalina and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), also Slate Creek (western Gila County), 2,800 to 4,500 feet, canyons, February to September. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. A specimen in the U. 8. National Herbarium, labeled as collected near Holbrook, Navajo County, by Myrtle Zuck, probably came from the vicinity of Tucson. 40. MELAMPODIUM 7 Low herbs; leaves opposite, entire to pinnatifid; heads small or medium-sized, radiate; outer phyllaries 4 or 5, herbaceous; inner phyllaries of the same number as the rays, completely enclosing the ray achenes like a coat and falling with them; rays white or yellow, pistil- late, fertile; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile; receptacle paleaceous: achenes obovate-oblong; pappus none. Key to the species 1. Rays white, often purplish-veined, conspicuous, 6 to 15 mm.. long; plant perennial: heads 10 to 30 mm. wide, on peduncles usually 2 to 10 cm. LS i ae SNES ce as Se eg ig ee ree 1. M. LEUCANTHUM. 1. Rays yellow, inconspicuous, usually not more than 2 mm. long; plants annual: heads only 2 to 6 mm. wide, usually sessile or subsessile (2). 2. Fruit with a raised hood at apex, this usually prolonged into a recurved, dorsally pilosulous beak up to 2 mm. long___-__-_~_~- 2. M. LoNGICORNE 2. Fruit (achene with the tightly enwrapping inner phyllary) not hooded or (EEUU RCD LES ght Ey igs I pes Op a a oe 3. M. HISPIDUM 1. Melampodium leucanthum Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 271 1842. Fort Apache (southern Navajo County), to Kingman (Mohave County), south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, common on dry rocky slopes and mesas, often on limestone, March to October. Kansas to Texas, southern Arizona, and Chihuahua. A showy and attractive plant. 2. Melampodium longicorne A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 5: 321. 1854. Mountains of Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, canyons, often on limestone, August and September. Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 3. Melampodium hispidum H. B. K., Noy. Gen. et Sp. 4: 273. 1820. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, August and September. Southern Arizona and Mexico. 41. BERLANDIERA Perennial herb, finely canescent-tomentulose; leaves alternate, lyrate-pinnatifid or merely crenate; heads rather large, radiate, yellow, solitary, long-peduncled; involucre broad, about 3- seriate, the phyl- 71 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS MELAMPODIUM. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 36 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 20): 455-466. 1901, 942 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE laries broad; rays fertile; disk flowers sterile; receptacle paleaceous; ray achenes strongly flattened, epappose, adnate at base to the sub- tending phyllary and the spatulate pales of the 2 opposed sterile flowers, the whole falling together. 1. Berlandiera lyrata Benth., Pl. Hartw. 17. 1839. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and eastern Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, plains and mesas, May to September. Kansas and Arkansas to Texas, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. The var. macrophylla A. Gray (B. macrophylla M. E. Jones), of which the type was collected in southern Arizona by Lemmon, is occasional in Cochise County. It differs from typical B. lyrata in having merely crenate, instead of lyrate-pimnatifid leaves. The flower heads of B. lyrata are reported to have been used by the Indians as seasoning in foods. 42. ENGELMANNIA Perennial herb, rough-pubescent; leaves alternate, deeply pinnatifid; heads medium-sized, yellow, radiate, slender-peduncled; involucre graduated; rays fertile; disk flowers hermaphrodite but sterile; receptacle paleaceous; ray achenes strongly flattened, each adnate at base to the subtending phyllary and the pales of the opposed outer disk flowers, the whole falling away together; pappus in the ray flowers of an unequally lobed or toothed crown, in the disk flowers reduced. *1. Engelmannia pinnatifida Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 343. 1840. Kansas to Louisiana, west to Colorado and New Mexico, south to northern Mexico (reported from Arizona), dry hills and prairies, May to September. 43. PARTHENIUM Low, branching, gray-tomentulose shrub; leaves alternate, pinnati- fid, with blunt roundish lobes; heads small, white, cymose-panicled; rays fertile, very small; disk flowers sterile; achenes small, flattened, surrounded by a narrow callous margin, this adnate at base to the pales of the 2-opposed disk flowers and the subtending phyllary, at length tearing away from the achene below but remaining attached at apex. 1. Parthenium incanum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 260. 1820. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), Montezuma Well (Yavapai County), and Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,000 feet, dry plains and mesas, usually in ‘‘caliche”’ soil, June to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Mariola. A small shrub, common in the Lower Sonoran zone in the Grand Canyon (V. Bailey), and in southeastern Arizona. The plant is rarely browsed. It contains rubber like that of guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), but in smaller amount. Guayule, which may be distinguished by its narrowly lanceolate leaves, these entire or laciniate-toothed or lobed with acuminate lobes, and finely silvery-pubescent on both sides, has been cultivated in Arizona as a source of rubber. 44, PARTHENICE Branching, cinereous-puberulent annual; leaves alternate, ovate, long-petioled, toothed; heads disciform, numerous, panicled, greenish FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 943 white; outer flowers pistillate, their corollas tubular, the ligule obso- lete; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile; achenes dorso-ventrally flattened, apiculate, falling away at maturity with the pales of the opposed disk flowers. 1. Parthenice mollis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 85. 1853. Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County), Santa Rita and Babo- quivar1 Mountains (Pima County), 3,500 to 4,500 feet, foothills and canyons, August and September. Southern Arizona and _ north- western Mexico, also reported from Colorado and New Mexico. Stems up to 2 m. high. 45. IVA. MaARSH-ELDER Herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, toothed to dissected; heads small, greenish, panicled, disciform; involucre double, the outer phyllaries 5, broad, herbaceous the inner ones also 5, membranous or scarious; outer flowers 5, pistillate, fertile, their corollas vestigial, the inner flowers hermaphrodite, sterile; achenes obovate, thickened, epappose. Key to the species 1. Leaves 2- to 3-pinnatifid, pubescent but not canescent beneath; stem pubescent throughout; heads loosely panicled, on slender peduncles up to 1 em. ae ee ee epee SR op Oe Sk 1. J. AMBROSIAEFOLIA. 1. Leaves sharply and unequally serrate, canescent beneath at least when young; stem essentially glabrous below; heads sessile or subsessile, spicate- POSED tae Meeps copes pee SEL oe Se eae MUL iene eae 2. I. XANTHIFOLIA. 1. Iva ambrosiaefolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. North Amer. 17: 246. 1884. Euphrosyne ambrosiaefolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 102. 1852. Cyclachaena ambrosiaefolia Benth. and Hook. ex Rydb., North Amer. F133: 10.- 1922. Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,500 feet, mostly along streams, May to October. Western Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 2. Iva xanthifolia Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 185. 1818. Cyclachaena xanthifolia Fresen., ‘‘Index Sem. Hort. Francof. 4. 1836.” Near Ganado, Apache County (Griffiths 5820), Keam Canyon, Navajo County (Whiting 854), 6,000 to 6,500 feet, along streams and in waste ground, July to October. Saskatchewan to Alberta and Washington, south to Nebraska, New Mexico, and northern Arizona, introduced eastward. Contact with the plant induces dermatitis in some persons, and the pollen is a cause of hay fever. Iva axillaris Pursh was collected in October, 1941, near Black Falls, Coconino County (Whiting 1089). The plant is a low perennial, with small entire leaves and heads solitary in the upper axils, forming leafy racemes. 46. OXYTENIA Shrubby, slender-stemmed; leaves alternate, pinnately parted into 3 or 5 long filiform lobes, or the upper ones entire; heads numerous, disciform, small, whitish, in dense panicles; outer flowers about 5, 286744°—42-__-60 944 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE pistillate, their corollas vestigial; inner flowers hermaphrodite, sterile; achenes obovoid, long-villous. 1. Oxytenia acerosa Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, 1: 172. 1848. Holbrook and Kayenta (Navajo County), Grand Canyon (Coco- nino County), 3,300 to 5,800 feet, often on saline soil, July to Septem- ber. Southwestern Colorado and New Mexico to Nevada and southeastern California. . A large, often leafless shrub with rushlike branches. Considered by stockmen to be poisonous to cattle and sheep but seldom eaten. 47. DICORIA Much-branched annual herbs, cinereous-strigose or -strigillose; leaves mostly alternate, ovate or suborbicular to lanceolate, toothed or entire; heads small, very numerous, panicled, heterogamous and disciform, or some of them unisexual and staminate; outer phyllaries about 5, small, herbaceous, the inner ones (subtending the 1 or 2 pistillate flowers) subscarious, accrescent, much surpassing the outer phyllaries at maturity; achenes dorso-ventrally flattened, oblong, black, with a narrow or broad, toothed or pectinate, crustaceous, whitish wing ; pappus none or vestigial. Key to the species 1. Mature achenes (solitary) surpassing the subtending phyllary; leaves linear- lanceolate to lance-oblong; wing of the achene pectinately divided into elliptic to suborbicular, rarely oblong; wing of the achene merely toothed to’pectinately divided? so. {22 ee ee eae 2. D. CANESCENS. 1. Dicoria brandegei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 11: CS, USTs Navajo and eastern Coconino Counties, doubtless also in Apache County, about 5,000 feet, sandy soil, June to September. South- western Colorado, southern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. It is stated that the Indians of northeastern Arizona used the flowers and seeds as food. 2. Dicoria canescens A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 8%. P1859: Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, doubtless elsewhere, up to 2,700 feet, sandy beds of streams and washes, June to November. Southwestern Utah, Arizona, southeastern California, and Sonora. Specimens from near Tuba, Coconino County (Kearney and Peebles 12854), with oblong upper leaves and a comparatively narrow wing to the achene, agree with Dicoria oblongifolia Rydb. It is not clear, however, that D. oblongifolia is specifically distinct from D. canescens. 48. HYMENOCLEA. BurrosrusH Low, much-branched shrubs, monoecious or subdioecious; leaves alternate, linear-filiform and entire, or pinnately parted into a few linear-filiform lobes; heads small, those of both sexes usually inter- mixed in the same leaf axils; pistillate involucre fusiform, beaked, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 945 indurate, 1-flowered, with 5 to 12 transverse scarious wings near the middle, completely enclosing the achene; staminate heads with a flattish 4- to 6-lobed involucre. Characteristic and abundant shrubs of sandy stream beds and washes, tending to form thickets. Their forage value is small. The conspicuously winged fruiting involucres make these plants rather attractive. Key to the species 1. Wings of the fruiting involucre spirally arranged, 5 to 8 mm. wide. 1. _H. SALSOLA. 1. Wings of the fruiting involucre in a single whorl (rarely with 1 or 2 additional wings above or below the middle), 1 to 4 mm. wide (2). 2. Wings 5 to 7, flabellate or reniform-orbicular, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide. 2. H. PENTALEPIS. 2. Wings 7 to 12, mostly cuneate or obovate, 1 to 2 mm. wide. 3. H. MONOGYRA. 1. Hymenoclea salsola Torr. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 79. 1849. Mohave County to Pima and Yuma Counties, 4,000 feet or usually lower, sandy washes and rocky slopes, sometimes in saline soil, March and April. Southern Utah, Arizona, and southern California. 2. Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 33: 14. 1922. Hymenoclea hemidioica A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 117. 1938. Topock (Mohave County), and Graham, Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,700 feet or lower, February to April, type of H. hemidioica from the Mohawk Mountains, Yuma County (A. and R. Nelson 1340, 1341). Western and southern Arizona, southeastern California, and adjacent Mexico. 3. Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 79. 1849. Gila, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, usually in sandy soil, September. Western Texas to southern California and northern Mexico. 49. AMBROSIA. RaGwerep Weedy monoecious herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, lobed or dissected; pistillate heads mostly axillary, 1-flowered, their involucres more or less turbinate, short-beaked, indurate, armed with a few tubercles in a single series around the middle, completely enclosing the achene; staminate heads naked-racemose above the pistillate ones, terminating the stem and branches. Ragweed pollen is one of the commonest causes of hay fever. Key to the species 1. Leaves large, palmately 3- to 5-lobed with serrate lobes, rarely ovate, not lobed, and merely serrate; fruiting involucre 4 to 7 mm. long___ 1. A. APTERA. 1. Leaves smaller, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; fruiting involucre 3 to 3.8 mm. long 2. Perennial, with a running rootstock; leaves thickish, mostly only once TLE Os (Ce an ee ook ine a 2. A. PSILOSTACHYA. 2. Annual; leaves thin, the lower ones usually twice pinnatifid. A. ARTEMISIIFOLIA. 046 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Ambrosia aptera DC., Prodr. 5: 527. 1836. Ryan Ranch (southern Apache County), Rice (Gila County), Gra- ham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,300 to 5,000 feet, roadsides and bottom lands, July to October. Illmois to Colorado, south to Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 2. Ambrosia psilostachya DC., Prodr. 5: 526. 1836. Ambrosia coronopifolia Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 291. 1842. White Mountains (Apache County), Flagstaff (Coconino County), Prescott (Yavapai County), south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,200 to 7,000 feet, along streams and at roadsides, July to October. Illinois to Saskatchewan and Washington, south to northern Mexico. 3. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Sp. Pl. 988. 1753. Ambrosia elatior L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753. Sierra Ancha, Gila County, about 6,000 feet, in a meadow (Harrison and Kearney 8317). A common weed nearly throughout the United States and southern Canada. 50. FRANSERIA. Bur-sace Plants with the characters of Ambrosia but with the pistillate involucre armed with spines or prickles in more than 1 series, and 1- to 4-flowered. Key to the species 1. Plants herbaceous (2). 2. Fruit (mature pistillate involucre) 2 to 4 mm. long, obovoid, armed with about 10 to 20 hooked spines, these 0.8 mm. long or less. . F. CONFERTIFLORA. 2. Fruit usually 4 to 8 mm. long, the spines longer, rarely hooked (8). 3. Leaves ovate or deltoid in outline, once to thrice pinnatifid, green or merely slightly paler beneath; fruit 4 to 8 mm. long, 1-beaked, armed with 6 to 30 strongly flattened straight spreading spines, these 2 to 5 mm: lone sannuals 52 geo eee eae 2. F. ACANTHICARPA. 3. Leaves mostly oblong in outline, interruptedly bipinnatifid with a strongly toothed or lobed rachis, green above, densely canescent-strigillose beneath; fruit 3.5 to 6 mm. long, 2- or 3-beaked, bearing about 4 to 9 thick-subulate rarely hooked spines, these 1 to 2mm. long and flattened only at base; perennial from running rootstocks____ 3. F. DISCOLOR. 1. Plants shrubby, at least at base (4). 4. Leaves canescent-pubescent beneath (5). 5. Leaves once to thrice pinnately divided into small mostly ovate or obovate divisions, canescent-strigillose on both faces; fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, bearing about 25 to 40 rigid flattened straight spines__ 4. F. pumosa. 5. Leaves ovate to oblong, not pinnately divided into small divisions, oe) above, densely canescent-tomentulose beneath; fruit other- wise (6). 6. Leaves subsessile, sinuate-toothed to pinnatifid; fruit fusiform, 8 to 10 mm. long, 1-beaked, glandular and densely long-villous, especially on the 20 or fewer straight subulate spines___ 5. F. ERIOCENTRA. 6. Leaves distinctly petioled, serrate or serrulate; fruit turbinate-ovoid or turbinate-subglobose, about 6 mm. long, 2- or 3-beaked, glandular and somewhat pilose-tomentose on the body, at least when young, bearing about 20 or more mostly strongly flattened, often hook- tipped. spines... 2)22.c seis) ee ere 6. F. DELTOIDEA: 4. Leaves green beneath or sometimes (in F. cordifolia) cinereous or canescent when young (7). ; 7. Leaves sessile and cordate-clasping, coarsely spinous-toothed, ovate, reticulate; fruit fusiform or globose-fusiform, 10 to 23 mm. long, 1- or 2-beaked, bearing very numerous hook-tipped -spines, these 4 to 6mm: longo. 2 2 22 oe ee 9. F. ILICcIFOLIA. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 947 7. Leaves slender-petioled, not spinous-toothed (8). 8. Leaves broadly ovate, about as long as wide, 3-nerved, obtuse or acutish, bluntly toothed, sometimes lobed; fruit mostly turbinate- obovoid, 5 to 7 mm. long, bearing about 8 to 20 subulate hook- tipped spines, these 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, often flattish at base. 7. F. CORDIFOLIA. 8. Leaves elongate-triangular or oblong-lanceolate, pinnate-veined, acumi- nate, coarsely toothed; fruit fusiform (Xanthium-like), about 12 mm. long, bearing very numerous slender-subulate hook-tipped spines, these 2 to 3 mm. long, not flattened at base_ 8. F. AMBROSIOIDEs. 1. Franseria confertiflora (DC.) Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 33: 28. 1922. Ambrosia confertiflora DC., Prodr. 5: 526. 1836. Franseria tenuifolia Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 80. 1849. Franseria incana Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 33: 30. 1922. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County) and Kingman (Mohave County) to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 3,500 feet, mesas and slopes, sometimes a weed in cultivated land, April to Oc- tober, type of F. incana from near Fort Huachuca (Wilcor in 1892). Oklahoma and Colorado to California, south to northern Mexico. 2. Franseria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 129. 1893. Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 309. 1834. Gaertneria acanthicarpa Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 332. 1894. Apache, Navajo, and eastern Coconino Counties, 4,500 to 5,500 feet, dry or moist sandy soil, June to December. Minnesota to Alberta, south to western Texas, northern Arizona, and California. Affords forage for sheep in northern Arizona. 3. Franseria discolor Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 345. 1840. Near the San Francisco Peaks and Flagstaff, Coconino County, 6,200 to 7,000 feet (Leiberg 5918, Whiting 756), plains and cultivated eround, June to September. Nebraska to Wyoming, south to New Mexico and Arizona. 4. Franseria dumosa A. Gray in Frém., Exped. Rocky Mount. Rpt. 316. 1845. Franseria albicaulis Torr., Pl. Frémont. 16. 1853. Mohave County to western Pinal and Pima Counties and through- out Yuma County, up to 3,000 feet, very common on dry plains and mesas, April to November. Southern Utah to southeastern California and northwestern Mexico. White bur-sage. Plants up to 1 m. high, much branched, compact, spinescent. This plant is said to be preferred for forage by horses to all other desert shrubs. It is sometimes called burroweed, a name used for various southwestern plants. 5. Franseria eriocentra A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. f: 505. . 1868. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and Beaver Dam (Mohave County) to western Gila, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties, 1,500 to 948 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 5,000 feet, usually in sandy soil, often in washes, locally abundant, April and May. Southern Utah to southeastern California and south-central Arizona. Woolly bur-sage. Plant up to 1 m. high, with rigid spreading branches. 6. Franseria deltoidea Torr., Pl. Frémont. 15. 1853. Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 2,800 feet, very abundant on plains and mesas, often in nearly pure stands, December to April, type collected by Frémont on the Gila River. South- central Arizona and Sonora. 7. Franseria cordifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 445. 1884. Horse Mesa Dam (eastern Maricopa County), Santa Catalina, Tucson, and Ajo Mountaims (Pima County), 1,700 to 3,100 feet, locally abundant, canyons, rocky slopes, and washes, March and April, type from mountains near Tucson (Pringle). Southern Ari- zona and northern Mexico. 8. Franseria ambrosioides Cav., Icon. Pl. 2: 79. 1793. Southern Yavapai County to Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,100 feet, common in sandy washes and canyons, March to May. Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 9. Franseria ilicifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 11: Ge MSTOr Desert mountain ranges of southern Yuma County, 1,000 feet or lower, usually in sand, March and April. Southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Baja California. Hollyleaf bur-sage. A roundish, densely much-branched evergreen subshrub, the leaves spinescent. 51. XANTHIUM. 7” Cock.LEesurR Monoecious weedy annuals; leaves alternate, sometimes with triple spines in the axils; hermaphrodite (staminate) heads clustered, borne above the pistillate ones, their involucres with free phyllaries; pistil- late involucre burlike, 2-celled, 2-beaked, covered with stiff hooked prickles. These are troublesome weeds in pastures and cultivated fields. The spiny burs clot the manes and tails of horses, and occasionally cause death of young animals by irritating or clogging the intestinal tract. The seeds and seedlings contain a glucoside, xanthostrumarin, which is poisonous to livestock, especially to swine and poultry. Some of the species yield an extract which is stated to have styptic properties. Key to the spectes 1. Leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, acute or acuminate at both ends, densely whitish-strigillose beneath; axils of the leaves bearing conspicuous 3-forked spines; fruit about 1 em. long_____________- 1. X.SPINOSUM. 1. Leaves deltoid or broadly ovate, usually cordate, green beneath; axils without spines; fruit about 2 em. long or more______ 22 _ = 2. X.SACCHARATUM. _? References: MILLSPAUGH, C. F., and SHERFF, E. E. REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 4:9-49. 1919. WIDDER, F. J. DIE ARTEN DER GATTUNG XANTHIUM. BEITRAEGE ZU EINER MONO-. GRAPHIE. Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 1-221, 1923. ee ad eS a FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 949 1. Xanthium spinosum L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753. Ash Fork to Congress Junction (Yavapai County), also in Santa Cruz County, roadsides, August and September. A weed throughout most of the United States and the warmer and temperate parts of the world. 2. Xanthium saccharatum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 238. 1844. Throughout the State, 100 to 6,000 feet, moist alluvial soil, summer. A common weed throughout the United States and in the Hawaiian Islands, perhaps elsewhere. 52. ZINNIA ® Herbs or undershrubs; leaves opposite, entire; heads medium-sized or large, radiate, showy; involucre graduated, of dry phyllaries; receptacle becoming conic or cylindric; rays yellow, white, or purple, pistillate, sessile and indurate-persistent on the achenes; disk achenes strongly compressed; pappus none, or of 1 to 4 awns or teeth. The very popular garden zinnia, Z. elegans Jacq., is a native of Mexico. The Arizona Z. grandiflora is an attractive plant, worthy of trial for ornamental borders. Key to the species 1. Annual, usually 30 em. high or more, single-stemmed; leaves ovate or lanceo- late, usually 10 mm. wide or more; rays dark red, greenish on the back. 1. Z. MULTIFLORA. 1. Low perennials, normally 20 em. high or less, much branched from the base, woody below; leaves linear or acerose, not more than 2.5 mm. wide; rays yellow or white (2). 2. Leaves more or less 3-ribbed; rays 8 to 16 mm. long, bright yellow; style branches hispid, with long acuminate appendages_ 2. Z. GRANDIFLORA. 2. Leaves 1-ribbed; rays usually 12 mm. long or less, light yellow or white; style branches merely hispidulous, with short bluntish appendages. Z. PUMILA. 1. Zinnia multiflora L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1269. 1763. Crassina multiflora Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Near Bisbee and in the Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), base of the Patagonia Mountains and near Ruby (Santa Cruz County), 4,000 to 5,300 feet, August and September. Florida and West Indies, southern Arizona and Mexico; South America. 2. Zinnia grandiflora Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 348. 1840. Crassina grandiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Navajo County to eastern Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pinal Counties, 4,000 to 6,500 feet, dry slopes and mesas, June to October. Kansas to Nevada, south to Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 3. Zinnia pumila A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 81. 1849. Crassina pumila Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Central Yavapai County to Cochise and Pima Counties, 2,500 to 5,000 feet, dry mesas and slopes, commonly in caliche soil, April to October. Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 73 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L., and GREENMAN, J. M. A REVISION OF THE GENUS ZINNIA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 32 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 10): 14-20. 1896. 950 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 53. SANVITALIA _ Slender annual; leaves opposite, lanceolate or lance-linear, mostly entire; heads small, terminal, radiate, the rays white; pales of the receptacle with rigid cuspidate tips; rays sessile, persistent on the achenes; ray achenes narrowly 4-sulcate, their pappus of 3 short awns or tubercles; disk achenes 4-angled, epappose or nearly so. 1. Sanvitalia aberti A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2.4: 87. 1849. Apache County to eastern Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 7,300 feet, dry slopes and mesas, July to September. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 54. HELIOPSIS. Oxrye Perennial herb; leaves opposite, triangular-ovate, usually toothed, petioled; heads solitary, terminal, long-peduncled, radiate, yellow, showy; rays pistillate, persistent on the achenes; achenes short and thick, epappose. 1. Heliopsis parvifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 86. 18538. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, rich soil in canyons, July to September. Southwestern Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 55. ECLIPTA Low annual herb; leaves opposite, lanceolate, toothed; heads radiate, white, peduncled in the upper axils; rays numerous, short, narrow; pales of the receptacle bristlelike; achenes short, thick, 3- or 4-angled, truncate, epappose or essentially so. 1. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 528. 1848. Verbesina alba L., Sp. Pl. 902. 1753. Sacaton (Pinal County), near Marana (Pima County), along the Colorado River (Yuma County), up to 2,000 feet, along streams and ditches, June to September. Massachusetts to Nebraska, south to Florida, Texas, southern Arizona, California, and South America; widely distributed in the warmer regions of the world. 56. RUDBECKIA. CoNEFLOWER Tall perennial; leaves alternate, the lower ones pinnately divided into few lobes, the upper leaves 3-cleft to entire; heads large, radiate, yellow; involucre herbaceous; disk becoming cylindric; achenes 4- angled; pappus a short crown. 1. Rudbeckia laciniata L., Sp. Pl. 906. 1753. Rudbeckia umbrosa Greene, Leaflets 2: 153. 1911. Not R. umbrosa Beadle and Boynton, 1901. Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, rich soil along mountain streams, July to September, type of R. umbrosa from Oak Creek, Coconino County ee ee mica tii icy Cte GIES agent ei 5 a eS eS ee ~ FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 951 (Pearson in 1909). Maine to Saskatchewan and Idaho, south to Florida, Colorado, and southern Arizona. Cutleaf coneflower. A showy but rather coarse plant, of which a double form known as goldenglow is often cultivated. The plants are reported to be poisonous to cattle, sheep, and swine. 57. RATIBIDA.“ CoNnEFLOWER Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, pinnately parted; heads terminal, long-peduncled, showy, the rays yellow or partly brown-purple; disk globose to cylindric; achenes short and broad, compressed, with 1- angled sides; pappus of 1 or 2 teeth, sometimes of squamellae. Key to the species 1. Disk soon cylindric, 10 to 40 mm. long, 6 to 10 mm: thick; rays usually 8 to 30 mm. long; peduneles 6° to 25 em. Jong-_._/-__-~ 1. R. COLUMNARIS. 1. Disk subglobose, becoming oblong-ellipsoid, 6 to 13 mm. long, 6 to 9 mm. thick; rays 3 to 8 mm. long; peduncles 1 to 5 cm. long___ 2. R. TAGETES. 1. Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ed. 2, A: pl. 361. 1838. Rudbeckia columnaris Sims, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 39: pl. 1601. 1813. Lepachys columnaris Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 315. 1842. Ratibida columnifera Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 19: 706. 1915. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Greenlee, and Santa Cruz Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, plains and openings in pine woods, June to Novem- ber. Minnesota to British Columbia, south to Tennessee, Colorado, and Arizona. The var. pulcherrima (DC.) D. Don is an unimportant form with the rays partly or wholly brownish purple (yellow throughout in the typical form). &. columnaris is suspected of being poisonous to cattle, but the plant is rarely eaten. 2. Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 410. 1897. Rudbeckia tagetes James in Long, Exped. 2: 68. 1823. Lepachys tagetes A. Gray, U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 103. 1857. Adamana, Apache County, 5,200 feet (Griffiths 5092), plains, June to September. Kansas and Colorado to Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona. 58. ZALUZANIA % Plant suffrutescent, branched, slightly pubescent; leaves alternate, ovate, 3-lobed; heads radiate, yellow, loosely clustered; receptacle conic; rays pistillate; achenes of the disk short, quadrangular, epap- pose, those of the ray with a few short setae. 7 Reference: SHARP, W. M. A CRITICAL STUDY OF CERTAIN EPAPPOSE GENERA OF THE HELIANTHEAE- VERBESININAE OF THE NATURAL FAMILY COMPOSITAE. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 66-77. 1935. 7 Reference: SHARP, W. M. A CRITICAL STUDY OF CERTAIN EPAPPOSE GENERA OF THE HELIANTHEAE- Pe as OF THE NATURAL FAMILY COMPOSITAE. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 110-114. 952 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Zaluzania grayana Robins. and Greenm., Amer. Acad. Arts and oem Proes34) odie soo: Gymnoloma triloba A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: 217. 1882. Not Zaluzania triloba Pers., 1807. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon, Pringle, Wilcox), slopes and canyons, July to September, type of G. triloba from the Chiricahua Mountains (Lemmon). Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Chihuahua. 59. WYETHIA. MuvLEs-ErARS Perennial herbs; leaves alternate, linear to oblong, entire or essen- tially so; heads large, terminal, solitary, yellow, radiate; rays pistillate; achenes rather large, 3- or 4-angled; pappus a chaffy dentate crown, or divided into a few teeth. Key to the species 1. Leaves uniform, linear or lance-linear, sessile, 0.7 to 2.38 cm. wide, like the stem harshly tuberculate-hispidulous or tuberculate-hispid; involucre strongly graduate, the phyllaries with an ovate indurate base, abruptly narrowed into a longer, very narrowly subulate, spreading, herbaceous tip. 1. W. SCABRA. ¥. Leaves not uniform, mainly oblong or elliptic, at least the basal ones petioled, 3 to 9 cm. wide, pilose or hirsute but not tuberculate, and much larger than those of the stem; involucre few-seriate, the phyllaries subequal, oblong, oval, or ovate, not abruptly narrowed into a subulate spreading tip, 2. W. ARIZONICA, 1. Wyethia scabra Hook., London Jour. Bot. 6: 245. 1847. Apache, Navajo (and probably Coconino) Counties, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, fairly common on dry slopes and mesas, June to October. Wyo- ming to east-central Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona. A handsome but rather coarse plant with numerous stems from a woody base. Said to be used as an emetic by the Hopi and Navajo Indians, but they consider it dangerous. 2. Wyethia arizonica A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 655. 1873. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 7,000: to 7,500 feet, slopes and canyons mostly in pine forest, June to August, type from Bear Springs (Palmer in 1869). Colorado, Utah, and northern New Mex- ico and Arizona. 60. TITHONIA “6 Annual; leaves opposite below, alternate above, large, ovate, toothed, petioled; heads rather large, solitary, radiate, orange yellow, long-peduncled, the peduncle fistulose; rays neutral; achenes oblong, thickened; pappus of 1 awn and several squamellae. 1. Tithonia thurberi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: 655. 1873. Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County) to the Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), 3,000 to 4,000 feet, rich soil near streams, locally abundant, August and September. Southern Arizona and Sonora. : 76 Reference: Roe F. REVISION OF THE GENUS TITHONIA. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 20: 3-436. 1921. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 953 Gf VIGUIBRA Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite (at least below), linear to ovate, usually toothed; heads medium-sized, radiate, yellow; rays neutral; achenes laterally compressed, thickened; pappus of 2 awns and several short squamellae, or sometimes none. Key to the species 1. Pappus persistent, of 2 awns and several intermediate squamellae; achenes pubescent; leaves ovate, rarely lanceolate (2). 2. Plant shrubby; leaves mostly opposite, deltoid-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, tuberculate-hispidulous; involucre 5to9mm. high _ 1. V. DELTOIDEA. 2. Plants strictly herbaceous (38). 3. Leaves usually thin, on slender petioles, these rarely less and usually much more than 10 mm. long; disk of the heads 7 to 10 mm. high; phyllaries with ovate or oblong-ovate, indurate and ribbed base, and a rather abrupt, linear or sometimes spatulate, herbaceous tip. 2.. V7 DENTATA. 3. Leaves usually firm, very short-petioled (petioles 1 to 8 mm. long); disk of the heads 11 to 15 mm. high; phyllaries linear-lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, subherbaceous throughout or indurate below. 3. V. CORDIFOLIA. 1. Pappus wanting; achenes glabrous; leaves linear to lanceolate or oval (A). 4, Plants perennial (5). 5. Leaves lance-ovate to linear-lanceolate, 2 to 30 mm. wide. 4, V.MULTIFLORA. 5. Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong, 2.4 to 5 em. long, 14 to 23 mm. wide. 5. V. OVALIS. 4. Plants annual (6). 6. Phyllaries merely hispid-ciliate, or sometimes also sparsely hispid on the eiee eg etm see eo UNE a Nha Le RG ee aE SY SO a 6G.) Vic CILrA TA. 6. Phyllaries densely and more or less canescently strigose or strigillose on the back (7). 7. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4 to 14 mm. wide; heads rela- tively large, the disk 6 to 14 mm. thick_____-_-_ 7. V. LONGIFOLIA. 7. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 8 mm. wide; heads relatively small tne disk-6 to.S mm. thi¢k=— = 22 2 8. V. ANNUA. 1. Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. se Gy) Ueaes Wo a Be The species is represented in Arizona by var. parishii (Greene) Vasey and Rose (V. parish Greene). Southern Yavapai County to Pima and Yuma Counties, up to 3,500 feet, dry mesas and rocky slopes, January to October. Southern Nevada to southern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. A small much-branched shrub, of limited value as browse. 2. Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 615. 1826. Helianthus dentatus Cav., Icon. Pl. 3:10. 1795. Viguiera brevipes DC., Prodr. 5: 579. 1836. Viguiera dentata var. brevipes Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 54: 83. 1918. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet; dry slopes and canyons, fields and ditch banks, occasionally in woods, June to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. The var. lancifolia Blake, differing in its narrowly lanceolate leaves less than 2 em. wide (in the typical form ovate, up to 8 em. wide), occurs in the Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), also in Sonora. 77 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. A REVISION OF THE GENUS VIGUIERA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 54: 1-205. 1918. O54 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Viguiera cordifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 107. 1852. Fort Apache (southern Navajo County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), and mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 9,000 feet, dry slopes, canyons, and plains, mostly in pine forest, June to October. Western Texas to eastern and southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 4. Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.) Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 5A AOS. OWS: Heliomeris multiflora Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. ser. 2, Lol (le lS a8: Gymnoloma multiflora Benth. and Hook. ex Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 160. 1878. Navajo and Coconino Counties, south to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,500 to 8,500 feet, dry slopes, often in pine forest, common, May to October. Southwestern Montana to New Mexico, southern Arizona, Nevada, and eastern California. The var. nevadensis (A. Nels.) Blake (Gymnolomia nevadensis A. Nels.), which differs in its narrowly linear-lanceolate, usually strongly revolute-margined leaves only 2 to 5 mm. wide (in the typical form the leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, plane, 6 to 30 mm. wide), occurs throughout most of the range of the species in Arizona. 5. Viguiera ovalis Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 54: 110. 1918. Gymnolomia brevifolia Greene ex Woot. and Standl., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 190. 1913. Not Viguiera brevi- folia Greenm., 1903. Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, about 6,000 feet (Harrison and Kearney 6150), September. Southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. 6. Viguiera ciliata (Robins. and Greenm.) Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrby 54: Lis) lots: Gymnolomia hispida var. ciliata Robins. and Greenm., Boston boc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 29: 93. 1899, Gymnolomia ciliata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 37: 328. 1910. Camp Lowell, Pima County, 2,400 feet (Thornber 97), September and October. Southern Utah to eastern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Sonora. Thornber’s specimen is intermediate between typical V. ciliata and var. hispida (A. Gray) Blake. 7. Viguiera longifolia (Robins. and Greenm.) Blake, Gray Herbarium Contriby54: Vie 1913) Gymnolomia longifolia Robins. and Greenm., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 29:92. 1899. Coconino County to the mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,500 feet, dry slopes and plains, July to October. Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. | ; FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 955 8. Viguiera annua (M. E. Jones) Blake, Gray Herbarium Contrib. Da 112? ~ VOrs. Gymnolomia multiflora var. annua M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Ser Proc. ser:2;, 5::698. 1895. Gymnolomia annua Robins. and Greenm., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 29: 93. 1899. Apache County to eastern Mohave County, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 5,600 feet, hills, plains, and river bottoms, May to October. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Colors the landscape with brilliant yellow for many miles in northern Yavapai County. It is reported to make good forage for sheep. 62. HELIANTHUS.® Sunriower Annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, usually toothed; heads medium-sized to large, usually solitary or few, radiate, the rays yellow, the disk yellow, brown, or purple brown; involucre more or less herbaceous; achenes oblong, thickened; pappus of 2, rarely many, caducous paleaceous awns. H. annuus, the State flower of Kansas, is a common and very con- spicuous roadside weed in Arizona. In the plains States it is used for ensilage. The seeds of this and other species are eaten by the southwestern Indians. Cultivated varieties with very large heads (Russian sunflower) are grown for the seeds, which are fed to poultry and other birds. In Russia they are roasted and are a popular deli- cacy, taking the place of peanuts with us. They yield oil of sunflower, which is used as a hairdressing and sometimes as salad oil. The resi- due after pressing is of value as a concentrated cattle food. The Hopi Indians extract from the seeds of this, and perhaps other species of Helianthus, purple and black dyes for baskets and textiles, and for painting the body in certain of their ceremonies. The white tubers of the Jerusalem-artichoke (H. tuberosus L.) are used for human food and as feed for swine. They are rich in sugars, particularly levulose. Key to the species 1. Plant strongly glaucous, low, usually less than 0.5 m. high, perennial; phyl- laries ovate to oblong, obtuse to acute, closely imbricated, shorter than the disk, white-ciliate, glabrous on the back.____________.- i.» “Hy CanEARTS: 1. Plants slightly or not at all glaucous, usually taller; phyllaries usually acumi- nate, more or less pubescent on the back (2). 2. Disk (i. e. the tips of the disk corollas) yellow; plant perennial; leaves elongate-lanceolate, green, not conspicuously hispid; involucre not COREPICUOUSHyispiey.8 oo Serle ey 2. H. NUTTALLII. 2. Disk (i. e. the tips of the disk corollas) brown or purple brown; plants annual; leaves usually ovate or lance-ovate (3). 3. Phyllaries narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, only 1 to 2 mm. wide, light green, usually much surpassing the disk, conspicuously hispid, in about 2 series; pappus of numerous unequal paleae; leaves linear- lanceolate to lance-ovate, hispid with strongly tuberculate-based | seri ips eae Pat pike WS Oe SYR IR RN on Ff Ue eb eee Oda 3. H. ANOMALUs. 3. Phyllaries broader, or else blackish green; pappus normally of 2 awns; leaves otherwise (4). 78 Reference: WATSON, E. E. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS HELIANTHUS. Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 9: 305-475. 1929. 956 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Central pales of the disk densely and conspicuously white-bearded; phyllaries normally lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, gradually acumi- nate, hispidulous but not or scarcely ciliate; leaves usually lanceo- late or lance-ovate, seldom cordate___________ 4. H. PETIOLARIS. 4. Central pales of the disk not white-bearded; phyllaries ovate, with an abrupt cirrhuslike aecumination, hispidulous and conspicuously ciliate; leaves usually broadly ovate, at least the lower ones usually cordate 2 Ae es ee 2 ee 5. H. ANNUUS. 1. Helianthus ciliaris DC., Prodr. 5: 587. 1836. White Mountains (Apache County) near the San Francisco Peaks, 6,500 feet, ‘“‘Pierce” (perhaps Pierce Ferry, Mohave County), Gila. Indian Reservation (Pinal County), often in saline soil, August to October. Texas to northern Arizona and Mexico. Blueweed. Sometimes a troublesome weed in cultivated land, because of the creeping rootstocks. : 2. Helianthus nuttallii Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 324. 1842. Helianthus fascicularis Greene, Pl. Baker. 3: 28. 1901. Greer, Apache County (Hggleston 17091), Tuba, Coconino County (Kearney and Peebles 12876), Oak Creek, Coconino or Yavapai County (Rusby in 1883), 5,000 to 8,800 feet, marshy places, August and September. Saskatchewan to Alberta, south to New Mexico and northern Arizona. 3. Helianthus anomalus Blake, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 21: 333. 1931. Monument Valley, Navajo County (Eastwood and Howell 6659), Hopi Indian Reservation, Navajo County (Whiting 854), Beaver Dam, Mohave County (Peebles 13083), 2,000 to 6,000 feet, June to September. Utah and northern Arizona. 4. Helianthus petiolaris Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 2: 115. 1821. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,200 to 7,500 feet, alluvial and culti- vated land, common, March to October. Saskatchewan to Missouri and Texas, west to British Columbia and California, occasional far- ther east as an introduction. The typical form is green or greenish and not conspicuously pubes- cent. The var. canescens A. Gray (H. petiolaris var. canus Britton, H. canus Woot. and Standl.), in its extreme form, is densely canescent- strigose or canescent-strigillose on the leaves, stem, and involucre. This variety occurs in Gila, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,500 feet or lower, on sandy or gravelly mesas, ranging from Texas to Arizona. Although at times very distinct in appearance, it intergrades with the typical form. It is also perplexingly close to Helianthus nieus (Benth.) T.S. Brandeg., of Baja California. 5. Helianthus annuus L., Sp. Pl. 904. 17538. Helianthus lenticularis Dougl. in Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. (15: pl. 1265. 1829. Helianthus aridus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 127. 1905. Nearly throughout the State, 100 to 7,200 feet, roadsides and fields, very common, March to October. Saskatchewan to Texas and FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 957 westward, cultivated and escaping or becoming established elsewhere throughout the United States. A sheet of Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb., labeled “Arizona, Dr. E. Palmer, 1869,” is in the U. 8. National Herbarium. The species is not otherwise known from Arizona but is reported from New Mexico. As the data accompanying Palmer’s plants of 1869 are not always reliable, it seems best to await additional material before formally including the species in the flora of Arizona. 63. FLOURENSIA.” TarpusH, VARNISHBUSH Resinous, much-branched shrub; leaves alternate, small, ovate to oval, entire; heads rather small, discoid, yellow, nodding, axillary and terminal; involucre herbaceous; achenes cuneate, laterally compressed but somewhat thickened, villous; pappus of 2 unequal awns. 1. Flourensia cernua DC., Prodr. 5: 593. 1836. Cochise County, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, plains and mesas, locally abundant, July to December. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. A small shrub with hoplike odor and bitter taste, unpalatable to livestock. The leaves and heads are sold in the drug markets of northern Mexico under the name ‘‘hojasé” or ‘‘hojasén’”’ and are taken in the form of a decoction for indigestion. 64. ENCELIA ®0 Low, branching shrubs; leaves alternate, ovate or oblong, entire or toothed; heads medium-sized, solitary or panicled, radiate or discoid, yellow, or with the disk purple; rays neutral; achenes compressed, very flat, obovate, notched at apex, ciliate, more or less pubescent on the sides; pappus none, or of 1 or 2 weak awns. Key to the species 1. Heads eymose or panicled; inflorescence glabrous or essentially so; leaves densely wil tish-tomentuloses = so US 1. E. FARINOSA. 1. Heads solitary at the tips of the stem and branches; peduncles pubescent; leaves Ob LOMlCMGMLOSCm ease ese ee oa 2 KE. FRUTESCENS. 1. Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 143. 1848. Mohave County to western Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,000 feet, very abundant on dry rocky slopes, November to May. Southern Nevada, southern and western Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. The var. phenicodonta (Blake) I. M. Johnston, which has dark purple instead of yellow disk flowers, occurs with the typical form in the Mohawk and Tule Mountains, Yuma County. Brittlebush, incienso. The plants reach a height of about 1 m. The stems exude a gum which was chewed by the Indians, and also used as incense in the churches of Baja California. 79 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. REVISION OF THE GENUS FLOURENSIA. Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 20: 393-409. 1921. 80 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. A REVISION OF ENCELIA AND SOME ALLIED GENERA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 41): 358-376. 1913. 958 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Encelia frutescens A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 8: O50.= wlSitiae Simsia frutescens A. Gray in Torr., U.S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 89. 1859. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and Mohave County, to Graham, - Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to about 4,000 feet, common on rocky slopes and mesas, March to September, type from Agua Caliente, Maricopa County (Hmory in 1846). Southern Utah to southern California and Arizona. Key to the varieties 1. Leaves not densely cinereous- or canescent-pubescent (2). 2. Leaves sparsely tuberculate-hispidulous with conical tuberculate-based white hairs, not obviously glandular; peduncles not glandular; involucre hispid, not or only slightly glandular; heads usually discoid. E. FRUTESCENS. 2. Leaves tuberculate-hispidulous and also conspicuously glandular; peduncles more or less glandular; involucre densely glandular, sparsely hispidulous; heads radiates. 2.2 28 yes We ee as hs ak var. RESINOSA. 1. Leaves cinereous- or canescent-pubescent; heads radiate (8). 3. Leaves cinereous with fine appressed hairs, these intermixed with stouter, tuberculate-based, antrorse hairs__________-__-__-- var. VIRGINENSIS. 3. Leaves canescent or cinereous with fine soft appressed hairs, without longer tuberculate-based hairs 22222 322 Se eee ee eee var. ACTONI. The var. resinosa M. E. Jones has been collected near Winslow (type, Jones in 1890) and in Monument Valley (Navajo County), and along the Little Colorado River near Cameron (Coconino County), 4,300 to 5,300 feet. The var. virginensis (A. Nels.) Blake (E. virginen- sis A. Nels.), occurs in Coconino, Mohave, Graham, Gila, Pinal, and western Cochise Counties. The var. actonit (Elmer) Blake (EL. actoni Elmer) has been reported from western Arizona. Encelia californica Nutt. A collection of this species, purporting to be from Fort Mohave (Cooper in 1860-61), has been the only basis for the recording of this species from Arizona. As the plant has not been found by subsequent collectors, and as it is definitely known only from coastal southern California and the west coast of Baja California, it seems almost certain that the locality given for this collection is incorrect. ‘The species may be recognized by its solitary heads, purple disk, and densely soft-pubescent involucre. ‘The plant is reported to cause severe dermatitis in susceptible persons. 65. SIMSIA 8 Annual herb, pubescent, branched; leaves mostly opposite, ovate, often toothed, petioled; heads numerous, panicled, medium-sized, yellow, radiate; achenes obovate, compressed, very flat, glabrous, epappose. 1. Simsia exaristata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 87. 1853. Encelia exaristata A. Gray in Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot. 2: 183. -1881- Near Tombstone, Cochise County, 4,500 feet (Peebles et al. 3377), valleys, September and October. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and Mexico. 81 Reference: BLAKE, S. F., A REVISION OF ENCELIA AND SOME ALLIED GENERA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 41): 376-396. 1913. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 959 66. GERAEA. ® DESERT-SUNFLOWER Annual herb, hirsute, branching; leaves alternate, oblong, ovate, or obovate, toothed; heads large, showy, yellow, radiate; phyllaries conspicuously white-ciliate; achenes cuneate, strongly compressed, silky-villous, the body black, the narrow whitish margin continuous with the 2 strong awns, these connected by a low entire whitish crown. 1. Geraea canescens Torr. and Gray, Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, 3: 275. 1847. Encelia eriocephala A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 8: 657.5 ASis: Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, western Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,500 feet or lower, common in sandy soil, January to June. Southern Utah to southeastern California, western and southern Arizona, and Sonora. The var. paniculata (A. Gray) Blake (Encelia eriocephala var. paniculata A. Gray), is an unimportant form with stems paniculately much-branched above, bearing very numerous heads only 2 to 2.8 em. wide, known only from the type collection, at Phoenix (Pringle in 1882). 67. ENCELIOPSIS ® Scapose perennial herb, silvery-velutinous; leaves obovate, entire, in a basal tuft; heads solitary, large, yellow, radiate, on naked scapes; achenes oblong, strongly compressed, silky-villous, black, with a white cartilaginous border and crown; pappus of 2 short awns, or none. 1. Enceliopsis argophylla (D. C. Eaton) A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 47: 433. 1909. Tithonia argophylla D. C. Eaton in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 423. 1871. Navajo Bridge, Coconino County (Peebles and Parker 14654), Mohave County, at Virgin Narrows (Cottam 5131) and near Boulder Dam (Kearney and Peebles 11239), 1,000 to 3,700 feet, dry slopes and sandy washes, April to June. Southern Utah, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona. The record of Enceliopsis nudicaulis (A. Gray) A. Nels. from Arizona * was based on a specimen without heads, so labeled, in the National Herbarium (Jones 5095ak, from above Pagumpa Springs, 1894), which on more careful examination is found to be Gazllardia parryi Greene. 68. HELIANTHELLA Perennial herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate to ovate, entire; heads radiate, medium-sized or large, with yellow rays and a yellow or purple disk; achenes strongly compressed, obovate, not ciliate; pappus of fimbriate squamellae and often 2 slender awns. 82 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. A REVISION OF ENCELIA AND SOME ALLIED GENERA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 41): 355-357. 1913. 3 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. A REVISION OF ENCELIA AND SOME ALLIED GENERA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 41): 351-355. 1913. % BLAKE, S. F., Asteraceae, in Tidestrom, Ivar. FLORA OF UTAH AND NEVADA. Contrib. U.S. Nati. Herbarium 25: 1925. (See p. 586.) 286744°—42——_ 61 960 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Disk purple; pales of the receptacle comparatively firm; plant usually much- branched above, with several to many small heads_ 1. H. MIcROcEPHALA. 1. Disk yellow; pales of the receptacle soft and mainly scarious; plants usually simple or little branched, the heads solitary or few (2). 2. Heads small, the disk not more than 1.5 cm. wide, the rays 2 cm. long or less; leaves thick and firm, the basal and lower ones not more than 2.3 cm. Wide 2a cok bs 2 se Se Ne ee eee a 2. Ht PARRY 2. Heads large, the disk usually 2 to 3 cm. wide, the rays usually 3 cm. long or more; leaves thin, the basai and lower ones 2.5 to 7.5 cm. wide. 3. H. QUINQUENERVIS. 1. Helianthella microcephala A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19210) ssar Encelia microcephala A. Gray, ibid. 8: 657. 1873. Carrizo Mountains, Apache County (Standley 7350). South- western Colorado, southern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and .- northeastern Arizona, July and August. 2. Helianthella parryi A. Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 65. 1863. White Mountains, Apache County (Griffiths 5266, Eggleston 17051), 8,500 feet, mountainsides, often under aspens, July to September. Wyoming to New Mexico and eastern Arizona. 3. Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 10. 1883. Helianthus quinquenervis Hook., London Jour. Bot. 6: 247. 1847. Helianthella quinquenervis var. arizonica A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17; 284. 1884. White Mountains (Apache and Greenlee Counties), Kaibab Plateau and Flagstaff (Coconino County), Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), Johnston Ranch (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Moun- tains (Pima County), 5,000 to 10,000 feet, mountain meadows and woods, July to September. South Dakota to Idaho (?), south to New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. 69. ZEXMENIA ® Perennial herb, the roots tuberous-thickened ; leaves opposite, ovate, toothed, subsessile; heads medium-sized, yellow, radiate, solitary, long-peduncled; rays pistillate; achenes obovate, compressed, 2- winged; pappus of 2 slender awns and several small intermediate squamellae, or the latter wanting. 1. Zexmenia podocephala A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 7: 286. 1884. Verbesina podocephala A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 92. 1853. Mountains of Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, and Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), 4,000 to 5,000 feet, August and Sep- tember. Southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 85 Reference: JONES, W. W. A REVISION OF THE GENUS ZEXMENIA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 41 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 30): 143-167. 1905. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 961 70. VERBESINA. *% CrROWNBEARD Annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, linear to ovate, usually toothed; heads medium-sized or rather large, radiate, yellow; rays pistillate or rarely neutral; -achenes strongly compressed, 2-winged ; pappus none or of 1 or 2 awns Key to the species 1. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, sessile, 9 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 18 mm. wide, subentire or slightly serrate, strongly veiny beneath; achenes narrowly winged; pappus awns wanting or rudimentary. 1. V. LONGIFOLIA. 1. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or deltoid, obtuse to acuminate, much broader in proportion to their length, usually sharply toothed, seldom veiny; achenes broadly winged (2). 2. Leaves sessile, auriculate-clasping, green on both sides; perennial, with usually simple stems, and solitary heads on long naked peduncles. V. ROTHROCKII. 2. Leaves petioled, densely white-strigose beneath, green or greenish above; annual, often much-branched, and with numerous heads. 3. V. ENCELIOIDES. 1. Verbesina longifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 12. 1888. Actinomeris longifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 89. 1853. Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 8,000 feet, July to October. Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 2. Verbesina rothrockii Robins. and Greenm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 34: 541. 1899. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,600 feet, rocky slopes, May te September. Southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and Coahuila. 3. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. and Hook. ex A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 42-350... 1876. XAimenesia encelioides Cay., Icon. Pl. 2: 60. 1793. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, up to 7,200 feet but usually much lower, a common weed of roadsides and waste ground, April to November. Kansas to Montana, south to Texas, California, and northern Mexico. The commoner form in Arizona is var. exauriculata Robins. and Greenm. (V. exauriculata Cockerell, Ximenesia erauriculata Rydb.), distinguished from the typical form by having the petioles not auri- culate-dilated at base. This plant is said to have been used by In- dians and white picneers for boils and skin diseases. The Hopis are reported to bathe in water in which this plant has been soaked, to relieve the pain of spider bite. 71. COREOPSIS. * TicksEEpD Annual herbs; leaves mostly opposite, pinnatisect or dissected; heads medium-sized or rather large, showy, the rays yellow or with a 8 Reference: ROBINSON, B. L., and GREENMAN, J. M. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS VERBESINA, WITH AN ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 34 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 16): 534-566. 1899. 87 Reference: SHERFF, E. E. REVISION OF THE GENUS COREOPSIS. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 11: 279-475. 1936. 0962 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE purple brown base; involucre double, the outer phyllaries narrow, herbaceous, the imner ones broad, membranous; achenes strongly dorso-ventrally compressed, sometimes wing-margined; pappus a small cup, or obsolete. Several species of this genus are well known as cultivated orna- mentals. Key to the species 1. Secapose or subseapose, usually less than 30 cm. high; heads solitary; rays yellow throughout; achenes with thick corky wings__--3. C. DOUGLASII. 1. Leafy-stemmed, usually 30 cm. high or more; heads loosely cymose-panicled; rays yellow with a purple-brown base (2). 2. -Achenes swath thimiswall esses age ee ee ee 1. C. CARDAMINEFOLIA. 2. Achenes Wingless 2222.2) 2 pss oes Slee Nae eee eg 2. CC. TINCTORIA. 1. Coreopsis cardaminefolia (DC.) Torr. and Gray, F]. North Amer. 2: 346. 1842: Calliopsis cardaminefolia DC., Prodr. 5: 568. 1836. Near Flagstaff, Walnut Canyon, and Oak Creek (Coconino County), 5,600 to 7,000 feet, openings in pine forest, rich moist soil, June to September. Kansas to Louisiana, north-central Arizona, and north- ern Mexico. *2. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 2: 114. 1821. In low ground, Minnesota and Manitoba to Louisiana, west to British Columbia and New Mexico, and reported from Arizona. Commonly cultivated in gardens under the name calliopsis, and frequently escaping both east and west of the range here given. 3. Coreopsis douglasii (DC.) H. M. Hall, Calif. Univ. Pub. Bot. 3: 140. 1907. Leptosyne douglasii DC., Prodr. 5: 531. 1836. Coconino, Mohave, Graham, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties, 2,000 to 3,500 feet, open places, February to May (sometimes August). Arizona, southern California, and northern Baja California. Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dougl. is recorded (see footnote 87, p. 961, Sherff, p. 429) from a meadow near the San Francisco Peaks (Lemmon 4159, collected in 1884). As the normal range of the species is from southern Canada to Oregon and South Dakota, the specimen was probably a waif. 72. COREOCARPUS ® Branching suffrutescent perennial; leaves opposite, pinnately divided into 3 or 5 linear lobes; heads small, cymose, radiate, yellow; involucre of 5 to 8 subequal, 2-seriate, submembranous, dark-lined phyllaries; rays pistillate; achenes oblong, strongly dorso-ventrally compressed, with 2 pectinately divided wings; pappus none, or of 1 or 2 retrorsely spinulose awns. 1. Coreocarpus arizonicus (A. Gray) Blake, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49: 3445 193. Leptosyne arizonica A. Gray, ibid. 17: 218. 1882. Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, rich soil along 88 Reference: BLAKE, S. F. A REDISPOSITION OF THE SPECIES HERETOFORE REFERRED TO LEPTOSYNE Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 41): 342-345. 1913. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 963 streams, January to October, type from Camp Lowell, Pima County (Lemmon in 1880). Southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 73. HETEROSPERMA Low slender annual; leaves opposite, once or twice pinnately divided into linear lobes; heads small, terminal, radiate, yellow; involucre double, much as in Coreopsis; rays fertile ; outer achenes oval, incurved, wing-margined, epappose; inner achenes narrower, often infertile, not margined, narrowed into a beak, their pappus of 2 deciduous awns. 1. Heterosperma pinnatum Cay., Icon. PI. 3: 34. 1795. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County), near Prescott (Yavapai County), south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, commoner in south- ern Arizona, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, rich soil, sometimes on limestone, August and September. Southwestern Texas to Arizona, south to Guatemala. | 74. THELESPERMA Slender perennials; leaves opposite, mostly pinnately parted into a few narrow lobes; heads medium-sized or small, long-peduncled, radiate or discoid, entirely vellow or the disk brownish; involucre double, the outer phyllaries narrow, herbaceous, the inner ones broad, scarious- margined, connate to about the middle or higher; pales of the receptacle broadly scarious-margined; achenes oblong to linear, thickish, more or less papillate; pappus of 2 retrorsely hispid awns, or obsolete. Key to the species 1. Lobes of the disk corollas lanceolate or linear, longer than the throat; pappus of 2 triangular hispid teeth 1 mm. long or longer; plants usually 30 to 60 em. high, leafy below, naked above, usually branched; heads normally discoid, rather large, the disk 1 to 1.5 em. thick; outer phyllaries very short, broadly Daren \TOUNGEd). et) See ec op et 1. T. MEGAPOTAMICUM. 1. Lobes of the disk corollas ovate, shorter than the throat; pappus a mere crown or obsolete; plants normally 40 em. high or less, very leafy below, with long naked erect peduncles (2). 2. Heads relatively large (the disk about 1 to 1.5 em. thick), normally with conspicuous rays; leaf divisions lanceolate to linear, 1.5 to 6 mm. wide; involucre about 9 mm. high; inner phyllaries with broad and conspicuous Senin minantane eet Meee wa She ake 2 2. T. SUBNUDUM. 2. Heads small (the disk 5 to 10 mm. thick), always discoid; leaf divisions fili- form, about 0.5 mm. wide; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high; inner phyllaries less conspicuously scarious-margined__________-___ 3. T. LONGIPEs. 1. Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 32: 182. 1898 (as Thelespermum). Bidens megapotamica Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 454. 1826. Bidens gracts ‘Vert. Ann? yer N: Y..2:°215.° 1828. Thelesperma gracile A. Gray, Jour. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. As 22. A S49: Apache, Navajo, Yavapai, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, grassy plains and mesas, May to Septem- ber. Nebraska and Wyoming to Utah, south to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico; southern South America. The Hopi make a tea from the flowers and young leaves, which are dried and then boiled. A reddish-brown dye for baskets and textiles is also obtained by them from this plant. 964 MISC. PUBLICATION 428, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 2. Thelesperma subnudum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 10-72. “UST Apache County to eastern Coconino County, 5,000 to 6,200 feet, dry hills and stream banks, May to August. Colorado and Utah to northern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. Sometimes known as Navajo-tea. 3. Thelesperma longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 109. 1852. Chiricahua, Mustang, and Santa Catalina Mountains (Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties), 5,000 to 6,000 feet, slopes and can- yons, often on limestone, June to September. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. Used as a substitute for tea in New Mexico, under the name cota. Thelesperma simplicifolium A. Gray (T. subsimplicifolium A. Gray) is reported to occur in Arizona but has not been seen by the writer from west of Texas. 75. BIDENS.8® SpaNnIsH-NEEDLES Annual or perennial herbs; leaves, at least the lower ones, opposite, entire to dissected; heads medium-sized to large, often showy, usually radiate and yellow, sometimes discoid or with white rays; involucre double as in Coreopsis; achenes linear-fusiform or linear to cuneate, more or less tetragonal or dorso-ventrally compressed; pappus of 2 to 4 retrorsely hispid awns, rarely wanting. These plants are known also as bur-marigold, sticktight, pitch- forks, beggarticks, and watermarigold, most of these names referring to the tendency of the awned fruits to adhere to clothing and the hair of animals. Key to the species 1. Leaves sessile, serrate or serrulate, not lobed, lanceolate or lance-oblong; achenes narrowly cuneate, retrorse-hispidulous on the margin; rays 1.5 to 3 em. long,-bright \yellows ==. 3. 252252 Bo eee ee 1. B. LAEvis. 1. Leaves petioled, pinnately or bipinnately divided (except in B. aurea) ; achenes linear or linear-fusiform, antrorsely pilose or hispidulous on the margin, or glabrous; rays usually smaller (2). 2. Achenes not conspicuously elongate, usually little exceeding the involucre; inner phyllaries with conspicuous yellow margins half as wide as the brown center, or wider; rays yellow, conspicuous, 1 em. long or longer (8). 3. Leaves twice or thrice pinnatisect, the lobes narrowly linear, not more than?2:-mimvswideoes ae Aes a ee eee 9. B. FERULAEFOLIA. 3. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrate and not lobed, or pinnately parted into 3 or 5 lanceolate or linear divisions at least 6 mm. wide. 10. B. AUREA. 2. Achenes (at least the inner ones) conspicuously elongate (least so in B. pilosa), usually (including the awns) twice as long as the inner phyllaries; inner phyllaries with inconspicuous pale margins; rays wanting or inconspic- uous, or if conspicuous, then white (4). 4. Leaves all pinnately 3- or 5-parted, with lance-oblong to rhombic-ovate, serrate to incised divisions) ee ee 2. 3B. PILOSA. 4. Leaves all once or twice pinnately dissected (5). 5. Outer and inner phyllaries more or less densely pilose or hirsute; heads campanulate; leaves 2 or 3 times dissected, into linear lobes. 5. B. TENUISECTA. 5. Outer and inner phyllaries merely short-ciliate, rarely sparsely pilose (6). 6. Heads (when normally developed) campanulate, more than 13-flow- ered (7). 8° Reference: SHERFF, E. E. THE GENUS BIDENS. Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 16: 1-709. 1937 ee ee eee eee ee i EE —— ee FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 965 7. Outer achenes only moderately shorter than the inner ones and not conspicuously broader; awns usually 3 or 4-_ 3. B. BIPINNATA. 7. Outer achenes conspicuously shorter and broader than the inner ones, usually not more than half their length; awns 2, sometimes = Ps word) SERS rh ee See 4. B. BIGELOVII. 8. Leaf divisions filiform or narrowly linear (1 mm. wide or less); achenes glabrous; heads 5- to 9-flowered. 8. B. HETEROSPERMA. 8. Leaf divisions lanceolate or ovate to linear, usually more than 1 mm. wide (9). 9. Heads subsessile or short-peduncled; achenes glabrous; outer phyllaries linear-spatulate, 5 to 8 mm. long, or longer; leaf divisions mostly linear or linear-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. Ce be ts RO ree Fe se eS ae a ee 6. B. LEMMONTI. 9. Heads long-peduncled; achenes antrorse-hispidulous above; outer phyllaries minute, slenderly subulate or filiform-subulate, less than 3 mm. long; leaf divisions broader, mostly lanceolate. B. LEPTOCEPHALA. 1. Bidens laevis (L.) B.S. P., Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 337. 1894. Helianthus laevis L., Sp. Pl. 906. 1753. Bidens chrysanthemoides Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 136. 1803. Bidens persicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 266. 1901. Known in Arizona only from the Bradshaw Mountains, southern Yavapai County (Toumey 680, type of B. persicaefolia), and the Santa Cruz River (Pringlein 1881). Massachusetts to Florida, Arizona, and California, south to South America. 2. Bidens pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 832. 1753. Chiricahua, Huachuca, Patagonia, and Baboquivari Mountains (Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties), 3,500 to 5,000 feet. Florida to California; tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The typical form, with discoid-heads, has been reported from Arizona but has not been seen by the writer. The principal Arizona form is var. radiata Schultz Bip. (B. leucantha (L.) Willd.), with 5 or 6 conspicuous white rays 7 to 15 mm. long. Other Arizona speci- mens are intermediate between var. radiata and the typical form, e. g., a collection in the Mule Mountains, Cochise County (Harrison and Kearney 6237). 3. Bidens bipinnata L., Sp. Pl. 832. 1753. Mule and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Tumacacori Mission (Santa Cruz County), 3,000 to 6,000 feet, rich alluvial soil, August and September. Rhode Island to Kansas, southeastern Ari- one au California, southward to South America; also in the Old World. Specimens from Arizona closely approach the preceding and the next following species. 4. Bidens bigelovii A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 91. 1859. Sierra Ancha (Gila County), Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), about 6,000 feet, stream banks and moist shady places, July to October. Colorado to western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora. 966 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 5. Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4:° 862 7849: Bidens cognata Greene, Leaflets 1: 149. 1905. Near Flagstaff (Coconino County), Chiricahua Mountains (Cochise County), Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), 6,000 to 8,000 feet, oak chaparral and open pine forests, July to October. Idaho to western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. 6. Bidens lemmoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 297. 1884. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Patagonia Mountains (Santa Cruz County), Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), about 6,000 feet, September and October, type from Apache Pass (Lemmon in 1881). Southern Arizona and Mexico. 7. Bidens leptocephala Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 22. 1917. Apache, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, mostly along streams, preferrmg shaded sandy soil, August to Oc- tober, type from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer 1712). Western Texas to Arizona, Chihuahua, and Baja California. 8. Bidens heterosperma A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 90. 1853. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Knowlton 157), Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County (Harrison and Kearney 6193), Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County (Kearney and Peebles 10078), 6,000 to 8,000 (?) feet, September. Southern Colorado to New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 9. Bidens ferulaefolia (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 5: 603. 1836. Coreopsis ferulaefolia Jacq., Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 65. 1798. Bidens procera D. Don, Bot. Reg. 8: pl. 684. 1822. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County (Lemmon in 1881, Wilcor 398), Sonoita Valley, Santa Cruz County (Rothrock 671), August and September. Southeastern Arizona to Guatemala. 10. Bidens aurea (Ait.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 313. 1915, as to synonym only.” Coreopsis aurea Ait., Hort. Kew 3: 252. 1789. Bidens heterophylla Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 99. 1798. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, moist sandy soil along streams, spring and autumn. Southern Arizona to Guatemala; adventive or naturalized in France and Italy. The poorly distinguished var. wrightia (A. Gray) Sherff has nar- rowly lance-linear leaves only 6 to 8 mm. wide, these entire or divided into entire or subentire lance-linear lobes. 76. COSMOS ® Slender annual; leaves opposite, dissected into narrow lobes; heads medium-sized, terminal, the rays white or rosy, the disk yellow; in- volucre double, as in Coreopsis and Bidens; achenes fusiform, slender- beaked; pappus of 2 to 4 retrorse-hispid awns. Two species of cosmos, C. bipinnatus with white to crimson rays and C. sulphureus with yellow rays, are common in cultivation. 90 See SHERFF, EARL EDWARD. STUDIES IN THE GENUS BIDENS VII. Bot. Gaz. 81: 25-54. 1926. (See p. 42.: %1 Reference: See ae E.. REVISION OF THE GENUS COsMOoS. Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 8) 4()1 5 JB y FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 967 1. Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 241. 1820. Coreopsis parviflora Jacq., Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 65. 1798. Near Flagstaff and on the Mogollon Escarpment (Coconino County), and from the Chiricahua to the Santa Rita Mountains (Cochise, Santa oe and Pima Counties), apparently rare in northern Arizona, 4,000 to -7,500 feet, hillsides and canyons, sometimes in cultivated land, J ae to October. Southeastern Colorado to southwestern T exas, Arizona, and Mexico. 77. BEBBIA An intricately branched shrub with slender branches; leaves few, linear, the lower ones opposite; heads yellow, discoid, solitary or few and terminal; involucre strongly graduated; achenes somewhat com- pressed ; pappus of about 20 plumose bristlelike awns. 1. Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene, Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1: 180. 1885. Carphephorus junceus Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 21. 1844. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and Mohave County to Pima and Yuma Counties, up to 4,000 feet, dry slopes and washes, flower- ing most of the year. Arizona, southern Nevada and California, and northwestern Mexico. The plant is a shrub with rushlike branches. The typical form, with glabrous stems, is less common in Arizona than var. aspera Greene (B. aspera A. Nels.) which has the stems more or less hispidu- lous with usually tuberculate-based, often deciduous hairs. 78. GALINSOGA *® Annual herbs; leaves opposite, narrowly lanceolate or the lower leaves lance-ovate, toothed, petioled; heads small, radiate, the rays white, very small, the disk yellow; achenes small, obovoid, somewhat thickened; pappus of the disk flower of about 20 fimbriate subequal squamellae or paleae, in the ray flowers reduced or wanting, in a rare variety wanting in both rays and disk. 1. Galinsoga semicalva (A. Gray) St. John and White, Rhodora 22: 100. 1920. Galinsoga parviflora var. semicalva A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 98. 1853. Mountains of Cochise and Pima es 5,300 to 8,100 feet, rich _ soil in shade, September and October. Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and northern Mexico. In the typical form the disk achenes are finely hispidulous and bear a pappus of about 20 blunt fringed squamellae or paleae nearly as long as the corolla, and the ray achenes are glabrous or usually some- what hispidulous above on the inner face, and bear a reduced pappus or none. In var. percalva Blake, known only from the Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County (Gr iffiths and Thornber 162, type), both ray and disk achenes are elabrous and epappose. 92 Reference: St. JOHN, HAROLD, and a HITE, DONALD. THE GENUS GALINSOGA IN NORTH AMERICA. Rhodora 22: 97-101. 192 968 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 79. HEMIZONIA. TarweEepD Annual herbs; leaves all or mostly alternate, pinnatifid to entire, sometimes spinescent; heads small or medium-sized, radiate, yellow, sometimes leafy-bracted; phyllaries in a single series, each partly enclosing a ray achene in its enfolded base; ray achenes much thick- ened, epappose, tipped with a very short oblique beak; disk achenes all or mostly sterile, epappose or with a pappus of several often connate squamellae or paleae. Key to the species 1. Leaves and their lobes with spinescent tips; heads involucrate by spinose- tipped bracts; receptacle paleaceous throughout; disk achenes epappose. H. PUNGENS. 1. Leaves and their lobes not spinescent-tipped; heads not involucrate; pales of the receptacle in a single row, connate into a cup; disk achenes with pappuss 232 225 Se ee ee ee ee 2.. H. KELLOGGII. 1. Hemizonia pungens (Hook. and Arn.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 399. 1848. Hartmannia (?) pungens Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 357. 1840. | Centromadia pungens Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisco Bay "196. 1894. Santa Cruz River bottoms, Tucson, Pima County (Thornber, May 1903). California; a casual introduction in Arizona. This collection was originally reported * as Hemizonia fitch A. Gray. 2. Hemizonia kelloggii Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 41. April 1883. Hemizonia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 17. October 1883. “Common around habitations on mesas,’ Tucson, Pima County (Thornber in 1903 [no. 386] and in 1905). California; introduced in Arizona. Two of the three sheets examined are true H. kelloggi, with the pappus squamellae partly united into a tube; the other (no. 386) has the squamellae mostly free, and represents the form described as HA. wrightw A. Gray. 80. LAYIA Plant low, annual, pubescent and _ stipitate-glandular; leaves lanceolate or linear, mostly alternate, the lower ones pinnatifid or incised, the upper leaves entire; heads terminal, showy, the rays white, the disk yellow; receptacle with a series of thin pales between the rays and the outer disk flowers, otherwise naked; ray achenes glabrous, epappose; disk achenes pubescent, their pappus of about 10 stout villous bristles, the hairs on their outer side straight, on the inner entangled into a woolly mass. 9 THORNBER, J. J.,in SPALDING, V. M. DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENTS OF DESERT PLANTS. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 113: 112. 1909. , FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 969 1. Layia glandulosa (Hook.) Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 358. 1840. Blepharipappus glandulosus Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 316. 1834. Navajo County to Mohave County, south to Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, up to 5,000 feet, dry slopes and mesas, not abundant, March to June. Idaho and British Columbia to southwestern New Mexico and Baja California. Plant handsome in flower, with pure white rays. 81. PSILOSTROPHE Herbs or shrubs, more or less woolly; leaves alternate, entire or the lower ones pinnatifid; heads small, radiate, yellow; receptacle naked; rays persistent, becoming papery; achenes slender; pappus of 4 to 6 hyaline paleae. Key to the species 1. Stem and branches densely pannose-tomentose with white wool; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire; plant definitely shrubby; heads mostly solitary at the tips of the branches, slender-peduncled. iZ. BP. COOPERI. 1. Stems and branches not pannose-tomentose; leaves (at least the basal ones) usually spatulate to obovate; plants herbaceous (2). 2. Stem and leaves rather densely lanate or tomentose; heads in close cymose clusters at the tips of the stem and branches__-____- 2. P. TAGETINAE. 2. Stem and leaves green, thinly pilose or pilosulous; heads usually scattered Grn Qoseie wed: fire. Shs ae ns eas Pee |e SS 3. P. SPARSIFLORA. 1. Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 176. 1891. Riddellia cooperi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 7: 308. 1868. Mohave and Yavapai Counties to Graham, Pima, and Yuma Coun- ties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, mesas and plains, common, flowering through- out the year, type from Fort Mohave (Cooper in 1861). Southern Utah (and southwestern New Mexico?) to southern California and northern Baja California. Plant showy and handsome in flower. 2. Psilostrophe tagetinae (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 176. 1891, as P. tagetina. Riddellia tagetinae Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: o/l. 1841. Psilostrophe tagetina var. lanata A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc: 162 22:,..1903. Psilostrophe lanata Prain, Index Kew. Suppl. 3: 145. 1908. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Greenlee, and Cochise Counties, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, open plains and mesas, and yellow pine forests, April to October. Western Texas (and southern Colorado?) to Arizona and Chihuahua. It is reported that sheep are sometimes fatally poisoned by this plant. 970) MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 3. Psilostrophe sparsiflora (A. Gray) A. Nels., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 162 2357 1903: Riddellia tagetina var. sparsiflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 318. 1884. Psilostrophe divaricata Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 8. 1914. Psilostrophe grandiflora Rydb., ibid. Apache County to eastern Mohave County and in Cochise County, 4,300 to 7,300 feet, dry mesas, slopes, and open pine forests, abundant in places, May to September, type of P. divaricata from the Grand Canyon (D. T. Allen in 1897), type of P. grandiflora from near Para- dise, Cochise County (Blumer 1709). Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. 82. BAILEYA. DESERT-MARIGOLD Low floccose-woolly herbs; leaves alternate, pinnatifid to entire; heads solitary or cymose, long-peduncled, radiate, yellow; rays per- sistent, becoming papery, reflexed in age; achenes striate, epappose. Key to the species 1. Rays 5 to 7; heads loosely cymose toward the tips of the branches, relatively small, the disk in flower 6 mm. thick or less______-.~ 1. . PAUCIRADIATA. 1. Rays about 20 to 50; heads mostly solitary at the tips of the stem and branches, larger, the disk in flower at least 10 mm. thick (2). 2. Stem leafy only at base or below the middle, the peduncles 10 to 20 cm. Ong? Cas eee bene TE Oo PARTE Nyaa een age 2. B. MULTIRADIATA. 2. Stem leafy to above the middle or nearly to the apex, the peduncles 10 cm. long or lessee us aan See eee oe ee 3. B. PLENIRADIATA. 1. Baileya pauciradiata Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 105. - 1849. Aztec to Yuma (Yuma County), 500 feet or lower, sandy deserts, March to May (sometimes October). Southwestern Arizona, south- eastern California, and adjacent Sonora and Baja California. 2. Baileya multiradiata Harv. and Gray ex Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 144. 1848. Baileya multiradiata var. nudicaulis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 318. 1884 Mohave County to Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Yuma, Counties, up to 5,000 feet, very common on sandy plains and mesas, especially at roadsides, March to October. Western Texas to south- ern Utah and Nevada, southeastern California, and Chihuahua. The large flower heads are very showy and this or a similar species is sometimes cultivated in California for the flower trade. It is stated that horses crop the heads, but fatal poisoning of sheep and goats eating this plant on overgrazed ranges has been reported. 3. Baileya pleniradiata Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 105. 1849. Baileya multiradiata pleniradiata Coville, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 4: 133. 1898. Baileya pleniradiata var. perennis A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 47: 431. ISON). Baileya perennis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 10. 1914. Mohave County to Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 200 to 5,000 feet, plains and mesas, common in southwestern Arizona, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 971 March to November. Western Texas to southern Utah and Nevada, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. Not always readily distinguishable from B. multiradiata. 83. PERITYLE Herbaceous or suffruticulose, not woolly; leaves toothed or dissected, the lower ones opposite; heads small, radiate, the rays white; achenes strongly compressed, strongly ciliate on the margin, usually with a narrow callous margin; pappus of 1 or 2 awns and a crown of squamel- lae. Key to the species 1. Plants annual, conspicuously stipitate-glandular above (2). 2. Achenes without an evident callous margin______________ 1. P. EMoRY1. 2. Achenes with a conspicuous callous margin____-______ 2. P. MICcROGLOsSA. 1. Plants perennial, many-stemmed, cinereous-puberulent above, not obviously glandular (3). 3. Leaves triangular in outline, ternately lobed or dissected. 5. P. CORONOPIFOLIA. 3. Leaves ovate, merely toothed (4). 4. Leaves not impressed-punctate beneath____-_---- 3. P. SPILANTHOIDES. 4. Leaves strongly impressed-punctate beneath_-_-----__-_ 4. P. CILIATA, 1. Perityle emoryi Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 142. 1848. Mohave, southern Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, up to 3,000 feet, common on rocky slopes and cliffs, February to Octo- ber. Southwestern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. The typical form has a pappus of squamellae and a slender awn. In var. nuda (Torr.) A. Gray the awn is wanting. 2. Perityle microglossa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 119. 1845. Perityle microglossa var. effusa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 322. 1884. Perityle effusa Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 1: 104. 1891. Apparently known to occur in Arizona only in the Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), where the type of var. effusa was collected (Pringle in 1882). Southwestern Texas, southern Arizona (and south- ern California?). Perityle plumigera Hary. and Gray, a species of Sonora and Sinaloa, has been doubtfully recorded from Arizona on the basis of the not definitely localized original collection by Coulter. It is distinguished from P. microglossa by its single pappus awn, longer than the achene and plumose above (in P. microglossa the pappus of 2 short awns). *3. Perityle spilanthoides (Schultz Bip.) Rydb., North Amer. FI. ao: 17. -1914. Galinsogeopsis spilanthoides Schultz Bip. in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1856. Perityle microcephala A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 21; S91." 1856. Reported as occurring in Arizona, known otherwise only from northern Mexico. 972 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 4. Perityle ciliata (L. H. Dewey) Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 17. 1914. Laphamia ciliata L. H. Dewey, Bot. Gaz. 20: 425. 1895. Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 7,000 feet, rocky slopes, May to November, type from near Pine, Gila County (MacDougal 676). Known only from central and southern Arizona. Perityle ciliata may be only a stunted form of P. spilanthoides, with fewer and rather larger, shorter-peduncled heads and thicker leaves with conspicuously immersed glands. 5. Perityle coronopifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 82. 1853. Laphamia coronopifolia Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot. 2: ZO nS Sie Mountains of Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 7,500 feet, among rocks and on cliffs, often on limestone, June to October. Southern New Mexico, southern Arizona (and Chihuahua?). 84. LAPHAMIA Plants low, suffruticulose; leaves toothed, lobed, or parted, rarely entire, at least the lower ones opposite; heads small or medium-sized, radiate or discoid, yellow or the rays white; achenes strongly com- pressed, not ciliate, rarely callous-margined; pappus of 1 or 2 bristle- like awns, or wanting. Key to the species 1. Leaves entire or merely toothed (2). P=) OY D = em am NN se enciy cailged AM coy SP MY yy eh eins) ine A 1. L. TouMEYI. 2. Principal leaves ovate, usually toothed (38). 3. Stem hirtellous; leaf blades not more then 8 mm. wide, repandly 3- to 5-toothed 3022. oS ee ee eee Ca A eee eee 2. L. CONGESTA. 3. Stem short-pilose or pilosulous; leaf blades mostly 10 to 18 mm. wide, sharply several-toothed2:: = 22a. Seep et ete 3. L. PALMERI. 1. Leaves lobed or parted (4). 4. Heads radiate; stem essentially glabrous (5). 5. Rays white; larger leaves 3-parted, with short ovate or oblong segments. L. GILENSIS. 5. Rays yellow; leaves dissected into elongate linear or filiform divisions. L. SAXICOLA. 4. Heads discoid; stem pilosulous to villous (6). 6. Leaves pedately 3-parted or 3-Jobed with relatively broad chiefly entire divisions, these up to 2.5 mm. wide______________- 6. L. GRACILIS. 6. Leaves lobed or pedately parted, with numerous small ultimate divisions. 7. L. DISSECTA. 1. Laphamia toumeyi Robins. and Greenm., Amer. Jour. Sci. ser. 8, 50: 176. 1895. Monothriz towmeyi Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 20. 1914. Grand Canyon (Coconino County), both rims, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry ground among rocks, June to October, type from the Grand Canyon (Toumey in 1892). Known only from northern Arizona. 2. Laphamia congesta M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 2, 5: (030 1SOa: Monothriz congesta Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 20. 1914. Northern Coconino County and northern Mohave County, 6,200 to 7,000 feet, clefts of rocks, June to September, type from below the eT ‘FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 973 “Buckskin Mountains,’ Kaibab Plateau (Jones 6063). Known only from northern Arizona. 3. Laphamia palmeri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 13: af2. 1878. Monothriz palmert Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 21. 1914. Beaver Dam, Mohave County (Palmer, in 1877?, the type collec- tion), about 2,000 feet, rocky canyons, July and probably later. Southern Utah and northwestern Arizona. The var. tenella M. E. Jones, from crevices of sandstone rocks at Springdale, Utah, distinguished by its loosely villous stems, may occur in Arizona. 4. Laphamia gilensis M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 15. 1891. Leptopharynz gilensis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 24. 1914. Laphamia arizonica Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 20: a Weak oo Laphamia dura A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 23: 266. 1936. Southern Gila, northeastern Pinal, and eastern Maricopa Counties, about 2,500 feet, clefts in rocks in canyons, April to October, type from Putnam Ranch (Jones in 1890), type of L. arizonica from Fish Creek (Eastwood 8753), type of L. dura from Canyon Lake (A. Nelson 10323). Known only from south-central Arizona. 5. Laphamia saxicola Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 4, 20: 159. 1931. Near Roosevelt Dam, Gila and Maricopa Counties, about 2,500 feet (Eastwood 17401, the type collection, Peebles 9420), the stems hanging from crevices of cliffs, May and doubtless later. Known only from south-central Arizona. 6. Laphamia gracilis M. E. Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. ser. 2, 5: 703. 1895. Perityle gracilis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 19. 1914, as to synonym. Nagle Ranch, Kaibab Plateau, 7,000 feet (Jones 6050c, type), September. Southern Nevada and northern Arizona. The type collection is a real Laphamia as here taken (Monothriz of Rydberg), and the plant described under the name Perityle gracilis by Rydberg is a coarse form of Perityle bbe 4 Maroy A. Gray. 7. Laphamia dissecta Torr. in A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 81. 1853. Laphamia lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 16: 101. 1880. Laphamia lemmoni var. pedata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 319. 1884. Perityle dissecta A. Gray, ibid. p. 320. Leptopharynz dissecta Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 24. 1914. Leptopharynz lemmoni Rydb., ibid. Mountains of Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 4,600 feet, crevices of cliffs, May to October, types of L. lemmoni and L. lemmoni var. pedata from near Camp Low ell, Pima County (Lemmon in 1880). Southwestern Texas to southeastern Arizona. 974 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 85. PERICOME Perennial herb, branched, puberulent; leaves opposite, hastate- triangular, caudate-acuminate; heads numerous, cymose-panicled, discoid, yellow; phyllaries lightly connate into a cup; achenes narrow- oblong, strongly compressed, villous-ciliate ; pappus a crown of lacerate- ciliate squamellae, sometimes with 1 or 2 awns. 1. Pericome caudata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 82. 1853. Mountains of Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 9,000 feet, rich soil in coniferous forests, locally abundant, July to ‘October. Southern Colorado and New Mexico to southern N evada, California, and Chihuahua. 86. BAERIA Low slender annual, slightly pubescent; leaves opposite, linear, entire; heads small, terminal, radiate, yellow; receptacle conical; achenes linear-clavate, 4-angled; pappus none, or of 2 to 5 lanceolate awns. 1. Baeria chrysostoma Fisch. et Mey., Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 29 (reprint 2:4). 1836. The only form occurring in Arizona is var. gracilis (DC.) Hall, characterized by pubescent achenes with a pappus of 2 to 5 lanceolate awns. Western Gila, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 3,500 feet, mesas and plains, March to May. Central and southern Arizona to Oregon, California, and Baja California. Goldfields. In spring extensive areas are sometimes carpeted with the bright yellow flowers of this plant, which is reported to be cropped by horses. 87. FLAVERIA * Low glabrous annual, dichotomously branched; leaves opposite, lanceolate, toothed, 3-nerved; heads very small, 1- or 2-flowered, densely glomerate, the glomerules sessile in the forks and termi- nal; phyllaries 1 or 2; ray solitary or none; achenes oblong, 8- to 10- ribbed, glabrous, epappose. 1. Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Her- barium 6: 810. 1901. Oedera trinervmia Spreng., Bot. Gart. Halle 63. 1800. Flaveria repanda Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl. 33. 1816. Southern Yavapai and Pinal Counties (probably elsewhere), 1,200 to 4,000 feet, moist soil at roadsides and on ditch banks, May to November. Florida and Alabama to southern Arizona, southward to South America, probably not indigenous in the United States. 88. SYNTRICHOPAPPUS Dwarf floccose-woolly winter annual; leaves mostly alternate, spatulate to linear, often 3-lobed at tip; heads small, yellow, radiate, solitary at the tips ‘of the branches; ; paleae of the pappus dissected into numerous bristles, these united only at base. % Reference: JOHNSTON, J. R. A REVISION OF THE GENUS FLAVERIA. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 39 (Gray Herbarium Contrib, 26): 279-292. 1903, FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 975 1. Syntrichopappus fremontii A. Gray in Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 106. 1857. Peach Springs to Oatman (Mohave County), 3,500 to 5,000 feet, mesas and rocky slopes, March to June. Southern Utah and Nevada, western Arizona, and southern California. 89. SCHKUHRIA Slender branching annuals; leaves opposite or alternate, pinnately parted into filiform lobes, or entire; heads small, few-flowered, discoid or with 1 ray; achenes obpyramidal, 4-angled; pappus of 8 scarious paleae or squamellae. Key to the species 1. Paleae of the pappus all very obtuse, subequal___________~- 1. SS. WRIGHTII. 1. Paleae of the pappus, at least in part, awned (2). 2. Paleae essentially equal in length, all usually short-awned_ 2. S. HOPKIRKIA. 2. Paleae very unequal, 4 of them short-awned, the others shorter and very EU TELUY ihe Rs ON 2h gees 2 Re Pa lballn ys aie eh ene ky ST 3. S. WISLIZENI. 1. Schkuhria wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 95. 1853. Tetracarpum wright Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 44. 1914. Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,300 to 6,000 feet, mesas and slopes, August to October. Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 2. Schkuhria hopkirkia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 94. 1853. Hopkirkia anthemoidea DC., Prodr. 5: 660. 1836. Schkuhria anthemoides (sic) Coult. in J. D. Smith, Enum. PI. Guat. 4: 93. 1895. Not Wedd., 1855-56. Tetracarpum anthemoideum Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 45. 1914. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), about 5,500 feet, mesas and slopes, July to October. Southeastern Arizona to southern Mexico. 3. Schkuhria wislizeni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 96. 1849. Tetracarpum wislizent Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 45. 1914. Chiricahua and Mule Mountains (Cochise County), about 6,000 feet, ridges and slopes, August and September. Southeastern Arizona and Chihuahua. 90. HYMENOPAPPUS ® Tomentose herbs; leaves alternate, pinnatifid to dissected, or the lowest leaves in one species entire, often all or most of them basal; heads usually several, cymose, medium-sized, usually discoid, yellow or white, in 1 species with conspicuous white rays; involucre of 6 to 12 equal, oblong or oval, scarious-margined phyllaries; achenes ob- pyramidal, 4- or 5-angled, pubescent, often villous; pappus of 10 to 20 mostly obtuse scarious paleae or squamellae. The root of H. lugens is reported to be used by the Hopias an emetic and in treating toothache. %§ Reference: JOHNSTON, I. M. DIAGNOSES AND NOTES RELATING TO THE SPERMATOPHYTES CHIEFLY OF NORTH AMERICA. Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 80-104. 1923. (See pp. 92-98.) 286744°—42 62 976 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Heads radiate, the rays white, conspicuous__________-_~- 1. H. RADIATUS. 1. Heads discoid (2). 2. Leaves entire and oblanceolate or obovate, or once pinnatifid with compara- tively broad segments, these 2 to 6 mm. wide____ 2. H. MEXICANUS. - 2. Leaves once to thrice pinnatifid, with narrowly linear or linear-filiform seg- ments (3). 3. Plant biennial, single-stemmed, tall, 30 to 80 em. high, leafy-stemmed, the stem leaves numerous, at least the lower ones not conspicuously smaller than the basal leaves; corolla teeth more than half as long as the. throat25 2 6 es heey ole oti apse ae 3. H. ROBUSTUS. 3. Plants perennial, usually several-stemmed, lower, rarely more than 30 cm. high; corolla teeth one-third to one-fourth as long as the throat (4). 4. Plant scapose or subscapose, rarely with 2 or 3 stem leaves. 4. H. LUGENS. 4:Plant Jeafy-stemmed == 3222s seen a 5. H. PAUCIFLORUS. 1. Hymenopappus radiatus Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 1: 12 Sole Southern Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, pine forests and open flats, May to July, type from Willow Spring, Apache County (Palmer 615 in 1890). New Mexico and Arizona. 2. Hymenopappus mexicanus A. Gray, Amer. eed. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 29. 1888. Hymenopappus integer Greene, Pittonia 3: 249. 1897. Hymenopappus obtusifolius Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: Dole SOOE Hymenopappus petaloideus Rydb., North Amer. FI. 34: 54. 1914. White Mountains (Apache and Navajo Counties), San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), south to the mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 10,000 feet, open coniferous forests, common, June to September, type of H. obtusifolius from Fort Valley, near Flagstaff (MacDougal 240), type of H. petaloideus from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer 1202). Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. 3. Hymenopappus robustus Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 63. 1882. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, Graham, and Gila Counties, 3,500 to 6,500 feet, mesas and slopes, April to September. Texas to central Arizona and northern Mexico. 4. Hymenopappus lugens Greene, Pittonia 4: 438. April 1899. Hymenopappus gloriosus Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 551. October 1899. Hymenopappus scaposus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 27: 634. 1900. Hymenopappus macroglottis Rydb., ibid. p. 636. Apache County to eastern Mohave County, south to Santa Cruz County, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas, usually with pines or junipers, common, May to September, type of H. gloriosus from Mormon Mountain, Coconino County (MacDougal 71), type of H. scaposus from near F lagstaff (MacDougal 129), type of H. macro- glottis from Oak Creek (Rusby i in 1883). Colorado to Nevada, Ari- zona, and southern California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 977 5. Hymenopappus pauciflorus I. M. Johnston, Gray Herbarium Contrib. 68: 97. 1923. Northern Apache and Navajo Counties and _ eastern Coconino County, 5,000 to 6,200 feet, dry mesas and slopes, June to September. Southern Utah and northeastern Arizona. 91. HYMENOTHRIX Slender annual or perennial herbs, slightly pubescent; leaves alternate, dissected into narrow divisions; heads numerous, cymose- panicled, radiate or discoid, yellow, white, or purple; achenes nar- rowly obpyramidal, 4- or 5-angled; pappus of 12 to 20 lanceolate hyaline paleae, the costa prolonged into an awn. Key to the species i> Heads radiste, definitely yellow--—. =... ~ ..=-=--._.~ 1. H. WiIsLizENt. 1. Heads discoid, purple, white, whitish, or pale yellow (2). 2. Petioles incurved-puberulent; lobes of the disk corollas about as long as the parpat.eres Jialean—er ss eee eek Pat 2. H. Loomisi. 2. Petioles (at least the lower ones) spreading-hirsute; lobes of the disk corollas several times longer than the very short throat----- 3. H. WRIGHTII. 1. Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 102. 1849. Hymenopappus wislizent var. setiformis M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 12: 47. 1908. Cochise, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Pinal Counties, 2,400 to 5,500 feet, plains, mesas, and washes, preferring sandy soil, June to December, type of var. setiformis from Oracle, Pinal County (Jones in 1903). Southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. 2. Hymenothrix loomisii Blake, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 40:49. 1927. Hutchinsonia hyalina M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 18: 85. 1933. Kingman (Mohave County) to eastern and southern Yavapai County, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, mesas and plains, often abundant at roadsides, June to October, type of H. loomisii from Ash Fork (Loomis 3241), type of Hutchinsonia hyalina from Peach Springs (Mrs. Susan W. Hutchinson in 1932). Known only from central Arizona. 3. Hymenothrix wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2:97. 1853. Hymenopappus wrightii H. M. Hall, Calif. Univ. Pub. Bot. 3: 1792 18Bc- Trichymenia wrightii Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 56. 1914. Eastern Mohave and northern Yavapai Counties to Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 8,000 feet, mostly in the scrub-oak and yellow-pine belts, June to November. Southern New Mexico, central and southern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. 92. PALAFOXIA Annual (or perennial?) herb; leaves mostly alternate, linear or lanceolate, entire; heads 2 to 2.8 cm. high, discoid, flesh-colored or whitish; achenes slender, linear-tetragonal, about 1 em. long; pappus of 4 or 5 linear paleae with an excurrent nerve, or reduced in some of the flowers. 978 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Palafoxia linearis (Cav.) Lag., Gen. et Sp. Pl. 26. 1816. Ageratum lineare Cav., Icon. Pl. 3: 3. 1795. Northern Mohave and western Maricopa Counties to southern Yuma County, up to 2,000 feet, sandy plains and mesas, February to November. Southern Utah, ‘southern N evada, western Arizona, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. A large coarse form, var. gigantea M. E. Jones (var. arenicola A. Nels.), 1 to 2) m. high, with larger leaves and heads (the involucre 1.5 to 2 em. high, the achenes 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long), occurs on sand dunes in the vicinity of Yuma. This plant, known in California as Spanish-needles, apparently is rapidly spreading eastward along highways in Arizona. 93. ERIOPHYLLUM.®% Woo.uty-paisy Tomentose herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate or opposite, entire to bipinnatifid; heads small, radiate or discoid, yellow or the rays some- times white or rosy; achenes slender, 4- or 5-angled; pappus of 4 to 12 squamellae or paleae, rarely wanting. Key to the species 1. Suffrutescent, up to 0.5 m. high; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with very narrow segments; heads cymosely clustered, pedicellate, radiate, yellow. E. CONFERTIFLORUM. 1. Dwarf annuals; leaves entire, or few-toothed or -lobed (2). 2. Heads clustered at the tips of the stem and branches, sessile; pappus of laciniate squamellae (sometimes wanting in the disk flowers); anther tips obtuse (3). SLR AY SHES tes Ow ere me coher eee be eee ge eee 2. KE. MULTICAULE. Be GRAYS Web MGs oe at ee area ee ee ee 3. EH. PRINGLEI. 2. Heads solitary at the tips of the stem and branches, pedunculate; pappus of aes or merely erose squamellae; anther tips elongate, linear-subulate (4). 4. Rays yellow; squamellae of the pappus equal, short, very blunt, opaque, Sometimes wanting oes 2 ey Ath ee eee 4, EK. WALLACEI. 4. Rays white or rosy; squamellae or paleae of the pappus unequal, the longer ones nearly as long as the corolla, lanceolate, acuminate or awned, NOt ODAGUG= Fe assem eran tye o are eee eee 5. E. LANOSUM. *1. Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sele IO. Gs BH. WSIS. Bahia confertiflora DC., Prodr. 5: 657. 1836. Dry hills, central California to Baja California and northern Mexico (reported from Arizona), April to September. Eriophyllum confertiflorum is a variable species, divided into several by Rydberg, who uses the name E. tenuifolium (DC.) Rydb. for the form he records from Arizona.” *2. Eriophyllum multicaule (DC.) A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci: Proc, 19224. 71883: Actinolepis multicaulis DC., Prodr. 5: 656. 1836. Sandy soil, southern California and southern Arizona (east to Tucson, according to Gray **), March to June. % Reference: CONSTANCE, LINCOLN. A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE GENUS ERIOPHYLLUM LAG. Calif. Univ. Pub. Bot. 18: 69-135. 1937. 97 RYDBERG, P. A. NORTH AMERICAN FLORA. 34:1915. (Seep. 96.) 9% GRAY, ASA. SYNOPTICAL FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 12: 1884. (See p. 328.) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 979 3. Eriophyllum pringlei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 25. 1883. Actinolepis pringlei Greene, Fl. Francisc. 441. 1897. Yucea (Mohave County) and in Maricopa and Pima Counties, 1,500 to 3,000 feet, gravelly mesas and slopes, March to May. South- ern Nevada, western and southern Arizona, and southern California. 4. Eriophyllum wallacei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 25. “188s. Bahia wallace: A. Gray in Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4:105. 1857. Antheropeas wallacei Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 98. 1915. Valentine to Chloride and Oatman (Mohave County), 3,000 to 4.000 feet, mesas and plains, March to June. Southern Utah and western Arizona to southern California. 5. Eriophyllum lanosum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proce. 19225. -1883: Burrielia lanosa A. Gray in Torr., U.S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4210/7. L857. Antheropeas lanosum Rydb., North Amer. FI]. 34: 98. 1915. Northern Mohave County to Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 1,200 to 3,000 feet, dry gravelly mesas and slopes, common, February to May. Southern Utah, southern Nevada, western Arizona, south- eastern California, and Baja California. 94. CHAENACTIS ® Low herbs; leaves alternate, entire to bipinnatifid, the blade or its divisions narrow; heads flesh-colored or white, discoid but some- times with enlarged outer corollas; achenes linear; pappus of hyaline paleae, these without a midrib. Key to the species 1. Phyllaries attenuate into pale, almost aristiform tips; plant scurfy-puberulent, not tomentose or glandular; receptacle with some setaceous pales. C. CARPHOCLINIA. 1. Phyllaries obtuse to acuminate, but not attenuate into aristiform tips; plant tomentose or glandular, at least when young; receptacle naked (2). 2. Leaves entire and linear, or once pinnatifid, with few unequal lobes; plants soon glabrate (3). 3. Involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries not loose-tipped; pappus of 4 usually equal paleae, these in a single series; marginal corollas decidedly larger than the others._____________ 2. CC. FREMONTI. 3. Involucre normally 12 to 17 mm. high, the phyllaries usually loose-tipped; pappus of 4 long paleae and 4 very short outer squamellae; marginal corollas not definitely larger than the others_____ 3. C. XANTIANA. 2. Leaves (at least the lower ones) bipinnatifid, with usually numerous lobes, more or less persistently tomentose (4). 4. Involucre 10 to 15 mm. high; anthers not exserted; pappus of 4 paleae and 2 to 4 very short outer squamellae; outer phyllaries with loose tips. 4. C. MACRANTHA. 4. Involucre 6 to 9 (rarely 12) mm. high; anthers exserted; pappus of 4 to 8 paleae, these sometimes unequal but not 2-seriate; outer phyllaries scarcely loose-tipped (5). 5. Pappus of 4 paleae; plant annual; outer corollas distinctly larger than A EERMBT SC 7 3) po Rei e eaalay a ye eR eee ean __ 5. (C. sTEVIOIDEs. 5. Pappus of about 8 paleae; plant perennial or biennial; outer corollas Pisce OTT eR ees eee 53, eee ngs RP 6. C. DOUGLASII. *® Reference: STOCKWELL, PALMER. A REVISION OF THE GENUS CHAENACTIS. Contrib. Dudley Herb. Stanford Univ. 3: 89-167, 1940. 980 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Chaenactis carphoclinia A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 94. 1859. Mohave, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 2,500 feet, plains and mesas, March to May. Southern Utah to southern Arizona, southeastern California and northern Baja California. The type of var. attenuata (A. Gray) M. E. Jones (C. attenuata A. Gray), distinguished by having the pappus paleae of all the achenes very short and usually obtuse (those of the central achenes in the typical form being at least half as long as the corolla and usually acuminate), came from Ehrenberg, Yuma County (Janvier). The variety has been collected also at Papago Well (western Pima County) ~ and in the Gila Mountains (Yuma County). 2. Chaenactis fremonti A. Gray, »zmer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 192730. SS a. Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, and (doubtless) Yuma Counties, 1,000 to 3,300 feet, plains and mesas, March to June. Southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, western Arizona, and southeastern California. 3. Chaenactis xantiana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. G2) 545.. L865: Hackberry, Mohave County, 3,550 feet (Jones 4561), Havasu Canyon, Coconino County. Eastern Oregon to southern California, western Nevada, and western Arizona, May and June. 4. Chaenactis macrantha D. C. Eaton in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. Deli licee Sisal Kingman and westward (Mohave County), also near Tucson (Pima County), about 3,000 feet, dry plains and slopes, April to June. Southern Utah and Nevada, western and southern Arizona, and south- eastern California. 5. Chaenactis stevioides Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 353. 1840. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Graham, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, 1,500 to 6,300 feet, very common on dry mesas and plains, March to May. Wyoming to Idaho, south to New Mexico, southern California, and Sonora. The var. brachypappa (A. Gray) H. M. Hall (C. brachypappa A. Gray) differs in having the paleae of the pappus in all of the flowers blunt and not more than 2 mm. long, whereas, in typical C. stevioides, the central flowers have the paleae at least two-thirds as long as the corolla, and usually acute. The variety is not typically developed in Arizona, but an approach to this form is shown by collections in the Sacaton Mountains, Pinal County (Peebles 11038), and at Chlo- tide, Mohave County (Kearney and Peebles 11204). The var. thornbert Stockwell, which differs in being coarser and having yellow, or sometimes lemon or cream flowers, those of the other forms being white, is cited from Yavapai, Pinal, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties, type from Wilmot, near Tucson (Thornber 385). 6. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. and Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 354. 1840. | Hymenopappus douglasii Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 316. 1834. Jacobs Lake to Fredonia, northern Coconino County, about 7,000 feet, open pine forest (Peebles 13041, 13052). Alberta and British FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 981 Columbia to northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and California. Chaenactis gillespiet Stockwell (ibid. p. 123), described from a single collection from near Granite Reef Dam, Maricopa County (Gillespie 5611), is insufficiently known. It is an annual with bipinnatifid leaves with comparatively few, linear segments, white flowers, and a double pappus of 4 long lanceolate inner paleae and | to 4 short outer squamellae. 95. CHAMAECHAENACTIS Dwarf scapose cespitose perennial; leaves small, roundish, crenate or entire, slender-petioled, greenish above, canescent-strigose beneath, 3-nerved; heads medium-sized, discoid, flesh-colored, solitary on short scapes; achenes slender, obpyramidal, about 5-ribbed, villous; pappus of about 8 unequal, blunt, oblong, scarious paleae, these with a thick- ened midrib. 1. Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Eastw.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 307 Lob.» 4906: Chaenactis scaposa Eastw., Zoe 2: 331. 1891. Fifteen miles north of Ganado, Apache County, 6,200 feet, May and June (Peebles and Smith 13468). Southwestern Wyoming, south- western Colorado, eastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona. 96. BAHIA Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves opposite or alternate, entire to dissected; heads radiate or rarely discoid, yellow; achenes narrow, 4-angled; pappus of several squamellae or paleae, these with a callous- thickened base or midrib, or rarely wanting. Key to the species 1. Leaves oblong or elliptic, entire, green at maturity, about 1 cm. wide. B. OBLONGIFOLIA. 1. Leaves dissected or lobed or, if entire, then much narrower or else whitened beneath (2). 2. Pappus wanting; plant normally 30 em. high or more, glandular, especially above; leaves once to thrice ternately divided into linear to oblong lobes; heads usually numerous and panicled_______________ 2. 3B. DISSECTA. 2. Pappus present (3). 3. Heads discoid; low annual; leaves entire or 3-cleft, narrowly linear or MBGAT TAT wn, te eer) ee a eae 3. B. NEOMEXICANA. 3. Heads radiate (4). 4. Stem glandular above (5). 5. Leaves pedately divided into 3 stipitate, mostly obovate or cuneate divisions, these again lobed or parted, the ultimate divisions broad; squamellae of the pappus in all the flowers very blunt, with the nerve disappearing below the apex_____ 4. B. pEDATA. 5. Leaves biternately divided into linear segments about 1 mm. wide or less; squamellae of the pappus in the inner flowers pointed by the CREMEPERT REE VG fF ers SB nes 5. B. BITERNATA. 4. Stem strigillose above, not evidently glandular (6). 6. Heads solitary or few at the tips of the stem and branches, long- peduncled; achenes conspicuously long-hairy at base; leaves with usually broad segments, sometimes entire; plants usually rela- tively tall, canescent-puberulent with appressed hairs. . B. ABSINTHIFOLIA. 6. Heads usually several (sometimes solitary) at the tips of the stem and branches, on peduncles not more than 2 em. long; achenes not conspicuously long-hairy at base; leaves nearly all opposite, 3- or 5-parted into linear usually entire divisions, these 2.5 mm. wide or narrower; plants low, much branched, not more than 20 ecm. high, green or merely cinereous (7). | f 7 Q82 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 7. Achenes hirsutulous, especially toward the base; paleae of the pappus lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the stout nerve reach- ing the apex and usually excurrent______ 6. B. WOODHOUSEI. -7. Achenes sessile-glandular only; paleae of the pappus narrowly obo- vate, blunt, the nerve disappearing below the apex. 7. B. OPPOSITIFOLIA. 1. Bahia oblongifolia A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: Dil, MSSor Schkuhria integrifolia var. oblongifolia A. Gray in Parry, Amer. Nat. 8: 213. 1874. Platyschkuhria oblongifolia Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 1555 W906: Carrizo Mountains, Apache County, dry hills (Standley 7363). Southwestern Colorado or southeastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Arizona, July. 2. Bahia dissecta (A. Gray) Britton, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 8: 68. 1889. Amauria(?) dissecta A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 104. 1849. Bahia chrysanthemordes A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Rrocy 19. 28a asso: Amauriopsis dissecta Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 37. 1914. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 9,000 feet, common in grassland and open pine forests, August to October. Wyoming to northern Mexico and Arizona. 3. Bahia neomexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 21 aS Sor Schkuhria neomexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 96. 1849. Cephalobembix neomexicana Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 46. 1914. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County (Palmer in 1869), between Kayenta and Betatakin, Navajo County (Kastwood and Howell 6574), 5,300 to 7,100 feet, September. Colorado to New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. *4. Bahia pedata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 123. 1852. Hills and rocky slopes, southwestern Texas, southern New Mexico, and Arizona (according to Rydberg '), April to September. 5. Bahia biternata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 95. 1853. Pinal Mountains, Gila County, among scrub oaks (Peebles et al. 3228), also in the Gila River bed near Sacaton, Pinal County (Harrison 1912), where doubtless carried by floodwater from higher elevations. Western Texas to central Arizona and Sonora, May to October. 1 RYDBERG, P. A. NORTH AMERICAN FLORA 34:1915. (See p. 36.) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 983 6. Bahia woodhousei A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 28. 1883. Achyropappus woodhousei A. Gray, ibid. 6: 546. 1865. Picradeniopsis woodhousei: Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 37: aso. TOTO: Woodruff, Navajo County (Ward in 1901), Red Butte to Rattle- snake Tanks, Coconino County (Leiberg 5915), about 5,000 feet, June to September. Northwestern Texas, Colorado, and northern Arizona. *7, Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC., Prodr. 5: 656. 1836. Trichophyllum oppositifolium Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 167. 1818. Prcradeniopsis oppositifoia Rydb. ex Britton, Manual 1008. 1901. Plains and hillsides, North Dakota to Montana, south to western Texas and New Mexico (reported from Arizona), June to September. - The plant contains a cyanogenic principle but is rarely if ever eaten by livestock in sufficient quantity to cause prussic-acid poisoning. 8. Bahia absinthifolia Benth., Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839. Cochise County near the Mexican boundary (Mearns 756, etc.), mesas and slopes, April to October. Southern Texas and southeastern Arizona to central Mexico. Much more common in Arizona than the typical form is var. deal- bata A. Gray, which differs in having the leaves merely 3-cleft into lanceolate lobes, or entire (in the typical form the leaves pedately parted into 3 or 5 narrowly linear or lance-linear divisions, these usually again few-lobed). The variety occurs in Graham, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,400 to 5,500 feet, and ranges to western Texas and Chihuahua. It is particularly abundant on shallow caliche soils around Tucson. 97s, TRICHOPTILIUM Low, diffusely branched, floccose-woolly, winter annual; leaves mostly alternate, oblong to lanceolate, sharply dentate; heads terminal, solitary, slender-peduncled, discoid, yellow; achenes turbinate, 5- Bey hairy; pappus of 5 paleae, these dissected into numerous ristles. | 1. Trichoptilium incisum A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. 97. -1859. Psathyrotes incisa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser.(2, 022022.) S54. Mohave, Maricopa, and Yuma Counties, up to 2,000 feet, sandy or oravelly mesas and slopes, February to May (sometimes autumn). Southern Nevada, western Arizona, southeastern California, and Baja California. 98. ACTINEA Annual or perennial herbs; leaves alternate, entire to pinnatifid; heads radiate, yellow; involucre in 2 or more series, the phyllaries often rigid, the outer ones sometimes united at base; pappus of 5 to 12 paleae. 984 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The fragrant-bitterweed (A. odorata), and pingtie or “pingwing” (A. richardsoni), are toxic to livestock, especially to sheep, but are eaten only when other forage is scarce. These plants tend to increase on over-grazed ranges. The latex of some of the species contains rubber and A. richardsoni var. floribunda is known as Colorado rubber-plant. The Hopi are reported to make a stimulating drink from A. acaulis var. arizonica and to apply the plant locally in allevi- ating pain, especially in pregnancy. The bark of the roots of A. richardsont is used as a substitute for chewmg gum by Indians in New Mexico. Arizona’s larger-headed species are handsome and A. acaulis is cultivated in Europe as an ornamental. Key to the species 1. Heads solitary (rarely 2 or 3), long-peduncled, on naked scapes or sparsely leafy stems; leaves entire or 3-parted (2). 2. Involucre densely and loosely pilose-tomentose with matted hairs; basal leaves narrowly linear, entire or 3-parted; stem about 10 to 20 cm. high, sparsely leafy; pappus of about 5 lance-attenuate paleae. . A. BRANDEGEI. 2. Involucre not densely and loosely pilose-tomentose, although sometimes silky-villous (8). 3. Phyllaries lanceolate, the outer ones subherbaceous, acuminate, the inner ones attenuate, indurate, stiff; leaves not punctate, the basal leaves narrowly linear, entire or sometimes 3-lobed; stem 20 to 40 cm. high, sparsely leafy; pappus of 10 lance-attenuate paleae. A. BIGELOVII. 3. Phyllaries mostly elliptic or oblong, obtuse or merely acute; leaves con- spicuously impressed-punctate (4). 4. Plant strictly scapose, the leaves all basal; scapes always simple and 1-headed; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, sparsely or rather densely ‘silky-pulbescenti=2 340 oe = == ne ee 3. “AL SACAULIE: 4, Plants with the stems sparsely leafy, at least below; stems often few- branched, 1- to 3-headed (5). 5. Leaves glabrous or rather sparsely silky-pilose, especially beneath. 4. A. LEPTOCLADA. 5. Leaves densely silvery-silky with appressed hairs__ 5. A. ARGENTEA. 1. Heads several or many, cymose or cymose-panicled; stems very leafy; leaves almost always deeply pinnatifid (6). 6. Stems several or numerous from a perennial multicipital caudex, con- spicuously long-villous or woolly at base among the petiole-bases of the lowest leavesse i cc5 ti © ia vee aaa epee ane 6. A. RICHARDSONI. 6. Stems solitary or few from an annual, biennial, or perennial root or caudex, not long-villous or woolly at base (7). 7. Plant annual, usually branching almost from the base__ 7. A. ODORATA. 7. Plant biennial or perennial, usually branching only in the inflorescence (8). 8. Plant subsericeous-canescent; leaves entire or 3-cleft, the blades or their lobes relatively broad, 1.5to 4mm. wide-_ 8. A. SUBINTEGRA. 8. Plant green or, if slightly canescent, then the leaves or their lobes much narrower (9). 9. Leaves either entire or divided into 3 to 5 lobes, the blades or their lobes relatively broad, mostly 2 to 5 mm. wide (10). 10. Heads usually few (3 to 10 per stem, rarely more) and com- paratively large (the disk 10 to 18 mm. thick), on more or less elongate peduncles distinctly surpassing the leaves; leaves divided into 3 or 5 lobes, or the lowest sometimes entire. 9. A. LEMMONI. 10. Heads numerous and small (disk 5 to 10 mm. thick), in close rounded or flattish cymes or cymose panicles, on peduncles scarcely or not surpassing the leaves; leaves entire or the middle ones divided into’ 3 or > lobesaes]—2 22-2 = 10. A. RUSBYI. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA O85 9. Leaves all or nearly all divided into 3 to 5 narrowly linear or linear- filiform lobes (0.8 to 1.5 mm. wide); heads usually large (disk 8 to 15 mm. thick) and few (normally 3 to 6, rarely up to 20 per stem), usually on elongate peduncles conspicuously surpassing the leaves (11). 11. Outer phyllaries 5 to 8, very strongly keeled (or even 3-ribbed) especially in fruit, the keels conspicuously decurrent on the peduncles; leaf divisions linear, mostly 0.8 to 1.5 mm. wide; plant apparently perennial, usually without a conspicuous basal rosette of spreading or deflexed leaves or persistent ge nimles: ¢.ke. Fe) ee od Se 11. A. QUINQUESQUAMATA. 11. Outer ae ees (8) 10 to 14, not strongly keeled, usually with a thickened and sulcate center; leaf divisions usually linear- filiform and less than 1 mm. wide: plant biennial, usually with a conspicuous basal rosette of spreading or deflexed leaves or Gf Pernisieniepernioles 225] 9s 2< SSF = 12. A. COOPERI. 1. Actinea brandegei (Porter) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Actinella grandiflora var. glabrata Porter in Port. and Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo. 76. 1874. Actinella brandegei Porter ex A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Pine isis. 1878: Rydbergia brandeger Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33: 156. 1906. Summit of Baldy Peak, Apache County, 11,500 feet (Bailey 1449, Peebles and Smith 12546), August and September. Southern Col- orado, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona, mostly above timber line 2. Actinea bigelovii (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891, as A. bigelow%t. Actinella bigelovii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 96. 1853. Macdougalia bigelovit Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 629. 1898. Actinea gaillardia A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pub. Bot. 1: 140. 1926. White Mountains (Apache and Navajo Counties), San Francisco Peaks and southward (Coconino County), Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains (Gila County), 6,000 to 7,500 feet, mostly in pine forests, May to July, types of A. gaillardia from Flagstaff (Hanson A382 and 584). Western New Mexico to central Arizona. 3. Actinea acaulis (Pursh) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 574. 1826. Gaillardia acaulis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 743. 1814, as Galardia. The Arizona form is var. arizonica (Greene) Blake (Tetraneuris arizonica Greene). Apache County to eastern Mohave County, especially common at the Grand Canyon, 4,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas, mostly with pine or juniper, April to October, type from Treadwell (Palmer 259 in 1877). Colorado to Nevada, south to New Mexico and north-central Arizona. 4, Actinea leptoclada (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Actinella leptoclada A. Gray in Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Paci AAG. J ASSL. Tetraneuris leptoclada Greene, Pittonia 3: 269. 1898. Apache County to eastern Mataxc County, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, dry hills, April to August. Colorado, southeastern Utah, New Mexico, and northern Arizona. 986 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE In the formal var. iwvesiana (Greene) Macbride the basal leaves are narrowly oblanceolate or almost linear, 1 to 3mm. wide (3 to 6 mm. wide in the typical form). 5. Actinea argentea (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Actinella argentea A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. Seni, AO loa: Ten miles south of Snowflake, southern Navajo County, in the pinyon-juniper association (Peebles 9627), April to October. New Mexico and eastern Arizona. 6. Actinea richardsoni (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Picradenia richardsoni Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 317. 1834. The Arizona form is var. floribunda (A. Gray) Cory (Hymenorys floribunda Cockerell, H. floribunda var. arizonica Cockerell and var. intermedia Cockerell). Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 5,200 to 8,800 feet, mostly in yellow pine forests, June to September, types of H. floribunda var. arizonica and var. intermedia from near Flagstaff (MacDougal 219 and 359). Wyoming to New Mexico, Utah, and northern Arizona. 7. Actinea odorata (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Hymenoxys odorata DC., Prodr. 5: 661. 1836. Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides var. excurrens Cockerell, Torrey Bot. ClubyBulksievs0ie 904: South-central Navajo County and Greenlee County to Pinal, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 6,000 feet or lower, moist alluvial soil, especially abundant along the lower Gila River, March to May, type of H. chrysanthemoides var. excurrens from Yuma (Vasey in 1881). Kansas to Texas, west to southeastern California, south into Mexico. A closely related plant, of which no material has been available for examination, is Hymenorys davidsonii (Greene) Cockerell (Picradenia davidsonii Greene), the type from Clifton, Greenlee County. 8. Actinea subintegra (Cockerell) Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 19: Dillisin, UNSV). Hymenoxrys subintegra Cockerell, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 480. 1904. Kaibab Plateau and Cameron to Navajo Bridge (Coconino County), 5,500 to 8,000 feet, dry soil in the open and in coniferous forests, June to August, type from Nagle’s ranch,? Kaibab Plateau (Jones 6054 0). Known only from northern Arizona. : Cockerell’s record * of Hymenoxys lemmoni subsp. greener Cockerell from Arizona, based on Mrs. Thompson’s collection [no. 382] from ‘northern Arizona,” rests on a specimen of this species. 2 The following information regarding the type locality of this species, derived from the late M. E. Jones, deserves to be placed on record. Nagle’s ranch was about 60 miles south of Kanab, Utah, on the west slope of the Buckskin Mountains (i. e. the Kaibab Plateau), and was the first watering place vn the old wagon road to the Grand Canyon from Kanab. Theold Valley Tan ranch was about 15 miles farther up on the plateau and was the first ranch reached on the way to the Canyon after ascending the plateau. The present wagon road now ascends the plateau many miles farther north. Thename Buckskin Mountains, as applied to the Kaibab Plateau, is now obsolete. Recent maps of the State show another range of the same name just south of Williams River (Bill Williams Fork). 3 Reference: COCKERELL, T. D. A. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HYMENOXyYS. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 461-509. 1904. (Seep. 480.) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 987 9. Actinea lemmoni (Greene) Blake in Tidestrom, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 25: 596. 1925. Picradenia lemmoni Greene, Pittonia 3: 272. 1898. Hymenorys lemmoni Cockerell, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 477. 1904. Hymenoxrys lemmoni subsp. greenet Cockerell, ibid. p. 479. Hymenorys greenet Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 37: 448. 1910. Lukachukai Mountains, Apache County, 7,250 feet (Peebles 14401), June. Utah, Nevada, northeastern Arizona, and California. 10. Actinea rusbyi (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Actinella rusbyi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: do. 1883. Hymenoxys rusbyi Cockerell, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 496. 1904. Southern Coconino and eastern Yavapai Counties to central Gila County, 5,400 to 7,000 feet, dry soil, mostly with juniper, pinyon, ‘and Gutierrezia, locally very “abundant, July to September. Southwestern New Mexico and central Arizona. 11. Actinea quinquesquamata (Rydb.) Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 472. 1940. Hymenoxys cooperi subsp. grayi Cockerell, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 495. 1904. Hymenorys quinquesquamata Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 114. 1915. Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Rincon and Santa Rita Mountains (Pima County), about 5,000 feet, July to September, type from Carr Peak, Huachuca Mountains (Goodding 874), type of HH. coopert subsp. grayi from the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon 2774). Known only from southeastern Arizona. 12. Actinea cooperi (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891. Actinella coopert A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. é: 309. 1868. Actinella biennis A. Gray, ibid. 13: 373. 1878. Hymenorys canescens var. nevadensis Cockerell, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 31: 484. 1904. Hymenorys coopert Cockerell, ibid., p. 494. Hymenorys coopert var. argyrea Cockerell, ibid., p. 496. Hymenoxys biennis H. M. Hall, Calif. Univ. Pub. Bot. 3: 204. 1907. Hymenorys virgata A. Nels., Amer. Jour. Bot. 18: 439. 1931. Coconino and northern Mohave Counties, 2,000 to 7,000 feet, dry rocky places, June and July, type of Actinella biennis from Mokiak Pass (Palmer 260 in 1877), type of Hymenoxys coopert var. argyraea from the Grand Canyon (MacDougal 189), type of H. virgata from the Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon (Osterhout 6991). Southern Utah and Nevada, northern Arizona, and southeastern California 988 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 99. HELENIUM. SNEEZEWEED Biennial or perennial herbs; leaves alternate, usually narrow, entire or toothed; heads small to large, radiate or discoid, the rays yellow, the disk yellow or purple brown; involucre about 2-seriate, spreading, at length reflexed; achenes turbinate, 8- to 10-ribbed; pappus of 5 to 8 scarious paleae or squamellae. Key to the species 1. Leaves not decurrent; plant subtomentose when young; rays spreading, linear or oval. Leaves thickish, strictly entire, the lowest obovate or oblanceo- late, normally 15 em. long or longer; heads few (usually 3 to 6), large, at least 5 em. wide across the spreading rays--------__-- 1. H. HOooPEsII. 1. Leaves more or less decurrent; plant not subtomentose; rays soon drooping, cuneate, wanting in one species (2). 2. Rays wanting; squamellae of the pappus very short and blunt. 2. H. THURBERI. 2. Rays present; squamellae of the pappus at least half as long as the corolla, acute or acuminate (3). 3. Leaves laciniate; plant cinereous-puberulent-------- 3. H. LACINIATUM. 3. Leaves entire or slightly toothed; plants glabrous or puberulous, not cinereous (4). 4. Leaves essentially uniform, sessile, lanceolate; stem winged essentially throushout;, plant, perenmia lass ese 4. H. AUTUMNALE. 4. Leaves not uniform, the basal ones oblanceolate, distinctly larger than the cauline leaves and narrowed into a petioliform base; cauline leaves with an ampliate amplexicaul base, very shortly decurrent; stem not winged throughout; plant apparently biennial. 5. H. arizonicum 1. Helenium hoopesii A. Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 65. 1863. Dugaldia hoopesii Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 425. 1900. Apache, Coconino, Greenlee, Graham, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 7,500 to 11,000 feet, abundant in rich soil in coniferous forests and mountain meadows, June to September. Wyoming to Oregon, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Orange sneezeweed, sometimes called owlclaws. The plant contains a toxic glucoside, dugaldin, which causes ‘‘spewing sickness” in sheep. It is also poisonous to cattle, but is rarely eaten by them. 2. Helenium thurberi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: a2. 1882. Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,200 to 5,000 feet, marshy places along streams, March to August, types from southern Arizona (Coulter 359, Thurber 346, Pringle 137). Southern Arizona and Mexico. *3. Helenium laciniatum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 9:203- 1874: Southeastern California, adjacent Arizona, and adjacent Mexico (according to Gray *). Gray’s record of this plant from Arizona appears to be based on the supposition that the original specimens of Thomas Coulter (nos. 356, 358) may have come from that State. There seems to be no definite record of the species from either Arizona or California, and it is omitted from recent floras of California. 4 GRAY, A. SYNOPTICAL FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 12: 1884. (Seep. 349.) + 4 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 989 *4. Helenium autumnale L., Sp. Pl. 886. 1753. Helenium montanum Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 384. 1841. Reported as occurring in the Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County). Eastern Canada to British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. 5. Helenium arizonicum Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 27: 389. 1937. Known only from southern Coconino County near Mormon Lake (Toumey 681, the type collection), and near Buck Springs (Collom 630), 7,000 to 7,500 feet, September. 100. GAILLARDIA. BLANKETFLOWER Annual or perennial herbs; leaves alternate, entire to pinnatifid; heads solitary, radiate, showy, the rays yellow or partly purple, the disk yellow or purple; receptacle with subulate or setiform fimbrillae; achenes turbinate, 5-ribbed, villous at least at base; pappus of 5 to 10 scarious paleae, these often awned. Species of this genus are prized as ornamentals, the cultivated gaillardias being derived mainly from G. pulchella. Key to the species 1. Corolla teeth long-acuminate, tipped with a long awn or cusp; plant annual, leafy-stemmed; lower leaves usually lobed, the upper ones mostly oblong- lanceolate, entire; achenes densely silky-pilose on the lower half, but the whole body concealed by the hairs; rays yellow toward the tip, purple at base; disk purple; paleae of the pappus lanceolate, awn-pointed. 1. G. PULCHELLA. 1. Corolla teeth merely acute or obtuse, not tipped with an awn or cusp (2). 2. Paleae of the pappus broadly oblong or oval, awnless or with an abrupt awn shorter than the body of the palea; plants annual, scapose or sub- scapose, with deeply pinnatifid or sometimes merely toothed leaves; Deoy jor Cls Me Nis (7 20 aes Oe ee 2. G. ARIZONICA. 2. ares of the pappus lanceolate, rather gradually narrowed into an awn 3. Leaves ovate or obovate, entire or subentire, 3-nerved; rays and disk yellow; plant perennial, multicipital, scapose or subscapose. 3. G. PARRYI. 3. Leaves linear to lanceolate or rarely obovate, when broad always toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; rays yellow, the disk purple; stem usually leafy. 4. Q. PINNATIFIDA. 1. Gaillardia pulchella Foug., [Paris] Acad. Sci. Mém. 1786: 5. 1788. Graham, Pinal, and Cochise Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, plains, May to September. Nebraska and Missouri to Louisiana, west to Colorado and southeastern Arizona. Sometimes known as firewheel and Indian-blanket. 2. Gaillardia arizonica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 353. 1884. Gaillardia pedunculata A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 47: 432. 1909. Mohave, Maricopa, and Pima Counties, 1,100 to 4,000 feet, plains and mesas, February to July, type probably from Beaver Dam, Mohave County. Southern Utah and southern Nevada to southern Arizona. The var. pringlei (Rydb.) Blake (G. pringlei Rydb., G. crinita Rydb.), distinguished by the awned paleae of the pappus (these blunt 990 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE in the typical form), has been collected below Black Falls, Little Colorado River (eastern Coconino County), and occurs also in Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties. The type of G. pringler (Pringle in 1884) and the type of G. crinita (Griffiths 2386) both came from near Tucson. | 3. Gaillardia parryi Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 512. 1897. Gaillardia acaulis A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 10: 73. 1874. Not Burshist Kaibab Plateau, Coconino (?) County (Jones in 1890), above Pagumpa Springs and north of Wolf Hole, northern Mohave County, about 5,000 feet (Jones 5059ak, Peebles 14735), plains and hillsides, May and June. Southern Utah and northern Arizona. 4. Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 214. 1828, as Galardia. Gaillardia multiceps Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 512, 1897. Gaillardia mearnsii Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 37: 448. 1910. Gaillardia linearis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 137. 1915. Gaillardia crassa Rydb., ibid. p. 188. Gaillardia globosa A. Nels., Wyo. Univ. Pub. Bot. 1: 135. 1926. Navajo, Coconino, and eastern Mohave Counties, south to Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 7,000 feet, mesas, plains, and open pine forest, often on lmestone, May to October, type of G. multiceps from south of Woodruff, type of G. mearnsu from Fort Verde (Mearns 322), type of G. crassa from foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains (Pringle in 1884), type of G. globosa from near Flag- staff (MacDougal 291). Colorado and Utah to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. This species is reported to be used by the Hopi Indians as a diuretie. G. linearis and G. multiceps are forms with narrow entire leaves. G. mearnsii apparently was based on plants flowering in their first year. 101. PLUMMERA Perennial (?) herbs, with aspect of Actinea richardsoni but taller; leaves alternate, divided into filiform lobes; heads very small, cymose- panicled, radiate, yellow, the rays 2 to 5, fertile, the disk flowers 6 or 7, hermaphrodite but sterile; involucre double; ray achenes obovoid, plump, about 15-ribbed, villous: pappus none, or of 4 to 6 oblong squamellae. Key to the species 1. Achenes epappose, villous with flexuous hairs_______- 1. P. FLORIBUNDa. 1. Achenes with a pappus of 4 to 6 oblong to lanceolate squamellae, villous with Straight)" Haars 2c hy 2 es Shek ao Oe aay ed nee 2. P. AMBIGENS. 1. Plummera floribunda A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 17: DA USS ZP Chiricahua, Dos Cabezas, and Mule Mountains (Cochise County), 5,000 to 6,500 feet, September, type from Apache Pass (Lemmon in 1881). Known only from southeastern Arizona. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 991 2. Plummera ambigens Blake, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 19: 276. 1929. Known only from the lower slopes of the Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), where it is abundant at about 5,000 feet, in stony sterile soil, July to October, type from this locality (Peebles et al. 4395). 102. TAGETES. Maricoip Herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, entire or pinnately divided, dotted with translucent oil glands; heads small or large, radiate or discoid, yellow; phyllaries 1-seriate, united into a toothed cup or tube, dotted with oil glands; achenes slender; pappus of 3 to 6 paleae. Several species, particularly Tagetes erecta and T. patula, are com- monly cultivated as ornamentals under the names African marigold and French marigold. Key to the species 1. Tall suffrutescent perennial; rays large, about 10 mm. long, bright yeilow; leaves with 3 to 7 mostly lanceolate divisions, these 4 to 12 mm. wide. 1. T. LEMMONI. 1. Dwarf annual; rays tiny (or wanting), 2 mm. long or less, pale yellow; leaves filiform and entire, or of 3 or 5 filiform divisions______ 2. T. MICRANTHA. 1. Tagetes lemmoni A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 19: 40. 1883. Mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 6,000 to 7,500 feet, rich moist soil in canyons, August to October, type from the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon in 1882). Known only from southeastern Arizona. A handsome but very ill-scented plant. 2. Tagetes micrantha Cav., Icon. Pl. 4: 31. 1797. Pinetop, southern Navajo County, and mountains of Cochise and Santa Cruz Counties, about 6,000 feet, August and September. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and central Mexico. 103. DYSSODIA Annual or perennial herbs, or suffruticose; leaves opposite or alter- nate, entire to pinnatisect, marked with translucent glands; heads small to rather large, radiate, yellow or orange, or the rays rarely white; involucre usually calyculate (subtended by bractlets), the principal phyllaries equal, usually 2-seriate and united at base, or almost to the apex; pappus of 10 to 15 squamellae or paleae, often tipped with 1 or 3 bristles or dissected into numerous bristles. Dyssodia papposa and PD. acerosa are sometimes abundant on over- grazed land and are regarded as range pests. The former is suspected of being poisonous to livestock, but definite information is lacking. Key to the species 1. Heads large, the disk 1.5 to 2 em. high or more; pappus of 10 to 15 paleae, each dissected into numerous bristles (2). 2. Stem glabrous; leaves pinnately 3- or 5-parted into narrow lobes. D. POROPHYLLOIDES. 2. Stem densely puberulous or hispidulous: larger leaves oval or ovate, merely spinulose-toothed or with small basal lobes_______-__ ~~ 2. D. cOooPERI. 286744°—42 63 992 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Heads smaller, the disk less than 1 em. high, or (in D. acerosa) up to 1.5 em (3). 3. Paleae of the pappus each dissected into 5 to 12 capillary bristles, the alternate ones in D. acerosa dissected into only 3 bristles (4). 4. Leaves entire, linear-filiform, needlelike; plant perennial, the numerous stems or branches woody ‘at DaSe ks ae eos Sys ae aie 3. D. ACEROSA. 4, Leaves pinnately lobed, not needlelike; plants annual (5). 5. Rays white, conspicuous; involucre essentially naked at base, the phyllaries united three-fourths of their length or more, and with numerous small roundish glands_--__--__-_-__- 4. D. CONCINNA. 5. Rays yellow, small, inconspicuous; involucre subtended by several mostly herbaceous bractlets of about its own length, the phyllaries distinctly in 2 series and united only toward the base, their glands few, linear or elliptic, rather large_____________- do. D. PAPPOSA. 3. Paleae of the pappus tipped with only 1 to 3 bristles, or the outer paleae without bristles (6). 6. Outer paleae (as well as the inner ones) bristle- or awn-tipped. . D. THURBERI. 6. Outer paleae merely acute or obtuse, not awn-tipped (7). 7. Phyllaries of both the inner and the outer series (not the bractlets of the calyculus) united nearly to the apex; involucre puberulent all over. D. HARTWEGI. 7. Phyllaries of the outer series free-margined to below the middle of the involucre, the free margins densely short-ciliate; involucre other- wise elabrous EI fs SAL Ye a de 8. D. PENTACHAETA. 1. Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 5: 322. 1854. Clomenocoma porophylloides Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 166. 1915. Western Mohave and southern Yavapai Counties to Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, washes, mesas, and dry rocky slopes, March to October. Arizona, southern California, Sonora, and Baja California. The plant has a strong, disagreeable odor. 2. Dyssodia cooperi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 9: 201. 1874. Clomenocoma cooperit Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 166. 1915. Clomenocoma lacimata Rydb., ibid. Hackberry to the Colorado River (Mohave County), 3,500 feet or lower, dry canyons, slopes, and mesas, April to August, type of Clomenocoma laciniata from Hackberry (Jones in 1884). Western Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern California. | 3. Dyssodia acerosa DC., Prodr. 5: 641. 1836. Aciphyllaea acerosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 91. 1849. Southern Coconino, Yavapai, Gila, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 6,000 feet, dry rocky slopes and mesas, April to October. Texas to southern Nevada and Arizona, south to central Mexico. 4. Dyssodia concinna (A. Gray) Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49: 507. 1913. Hymenatherum concinnum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1 7: 446. 1884. Boeberastrum concinnum Rydb., North Amer. FI. 34: 162. 1915. Mesas near Tucson (Pringle in 1884, the type collection), 2,500 feet or lower, May. Southern Arizona and Sonora. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 993 5. Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitche., Acad. Sci. St. Louis Trans. 5: 503. 1891. Tagetes papposa Vent., Pl. Jard. Cels. pl. 36. 1801. Boebera papposa Rydb. ex Britton, Manual 1012. 1901. Coconino, Gila, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,500 to 7,000 feet. roadsides and waste places, September and October. Illinois to Montana, south to Louisiana and Arizona. 6. Dyssodia thurberi (A. Gray) Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49: 508. 1913. Hymenatherum thurberi A. Gray, ibid. 19: 41. 1883. Thymophylla thurberi Woot. and StandJ]., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 191. 1913. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and northern Mohave County to Pima and Yuma Counties, 3,500 feet or lower, dry rocky slopes and mesas, April to October. Texas to southern Nevada, southeastern California, and northern Mexico. 7. Dyssodia hartwegi (A. Gray) Robinson, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc.-49> s07-- 1013. Hymenatherum hartwegi A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 117. 1852. Thymophylla pringlei Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 177. 1915. Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, about 5,500 feet, on limestone, September to October. Southeastern Arizona to central Mexico. 8. Dyssodia pentachaeta (DC.) Eos, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 49: 507. 1913. Hymenatherum pentachaetum DC., Prodr. 5: 642. 1836. SE ee i ha pentachaeta Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 1295. 1903. Thymophylla gracilis Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 176. 1915. Lees Ferry and Grand Canyon (Coconino County), near Tucson (Pima County), 2,500 to 3,500 feet, dry slopes and mesas, March to October. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. 104. POROPHYLLUM Glabrous herbs or suffrutescent perennials; leaves opposite or alternate, with conspicuous translucent oil glands in the tissue; heads medium-sized, discoid, whitish or purplish; phyllaries 5 to 8, linear or oblong, 1-seriate, equal, free, with conspicuous linear oil glands, without accessory bractlets; achenes slender, elongate; pappus of copious free capillary bristles. P. gracile, called yerba-del-venado by the Mexicans, is said to be relished by deer and cattle, notwithstanding the strong, unpleasant odor of the plant. Key to the species 1. Annual; leaf blades oval, thin, mostly 2 to 4 em. long, on slender petioles about as long as the blades; peduncles thickened toward the apex; heads 2 to 2.5 ear San ee ie Se os Se 1. P. MACROCEPHALUM. 1. Perennial, more or less woody toward the base; leaves filiform to narrowly linear, sessile; peduncles not noticeably thickened toward the apex; heads CRS Ep hw 1S O11 0 amet lg Ia EAA ch agua Bg gl 2. P. GRACILE. 994 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1. Porophyllum macrocephalum DC., Prodr. 5: 648. 1836. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, from the Huachuca to the Baboquivari Mountains, 3,000 to 5 000 feet, rocky slopes and canyons, August to October. Southern Arizona, south to South America. 2. Porophyllum gracile Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. 1844. Porophyllum juneiforme Greene, Leaflets 2: 154. 1911. Porophyllum leucospermum Greene, Mb Tdk gaaelean Porophyllum putidum A. Nels., Amer. Jour, Bot. 18: 440. 1931. Grand Canyon (Coconino County) and Mohave County to western Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 4,000 feet or lower, dry rocky slopes and canyons, March to October, type Ole junciforme from the Mescal Mountains (M. E. Jones), type of P. putidum from east of Douglas, Cochise County (Goodding 2277). Southern Nevada, Arizona, southeastern California, Sonora, and Baja California. 105. PECTIS.2 Frrip-MarigoLp Annual or perennial herbs, usually low, slender-stemmed; leaves opposite, entire, dotted with pellucid glands, almost always ciliate with a few stiff bristles toward the base; heads small, radiate, vellow, the rays often purplish beneath; involucre 1-seriate; achenes slender; pappus of numerous bristles or of few awns or paleae, or reduced to a low crown. With remarkable promptitude after summer rains have fallen, especially in the southern part of the State, the ground is carpeted with the small yellow heads of the strong-smelling chinchweed (P. papposa). In New Mexico the flowers of this species are used by the Indians for seasoning meat. It is reported that in Arizona the Hopi Indians use P. angustifolia for food and seasoning, either raw or dried, and extract a dye from the plant. Key to the species 1. Pappus of 2 to 6 lanceolate, acuminate, more or less scarious paleae; low and diffuse annuals; leaves oblanceolate to nearly linear, with scattered oil glands; heads sessile or essentially so, much surpassed by the subtending Teav es (2). 2. Involucre finely puberulous or hispidulous___..-..-_-~- 3. P. URCEOLATA. 2. Involucre glabrous (33)). Bo, by lei sa a aaa a 0 ee ee bea ake 1. P. PROSTRATA. 3: Phyllarieg 35 22 oe See ot ee ee 2. P. CYLINDRICA. 1. Pappus of bristles or of stout, not paleaceous awns, or sometimes of short squamellae, rarely reduced ‘to a low crown (4). 4. Pappus of 2 to 6 rigid, subulate, corneous awns, sometimes also with a few short squamellae (5). 5. Plant definitely perennial, from a woody rootstock; stems relatively tall, 30 to 100 cm. high, erect, stiff; leaves normally without basal bristles; pappus usually partly of erect subulate awns and partly of short squammellaec > 2. Cee Sag ae ne ae ee a 4. P. IMBERBIS. 5. Plants annual (sometimes perennial in P. coultert ?); stems low and diffuse, or else not rigid; leaves usually with basal bristles; pappus usually wholly of stout subulate awns (6). 6. Pappus of 2 to 6 retrorsely barbed spreading awns; plant diffuse; leaves conspicuously bristle-toothed at base__________- 5. P.. couLTERTS 5 Reference: FERNALD, M. L. A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICAN SPECIES OF PECTIS. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 33 (Gray Herbarium Contrib. 12): 57-86. 1897. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 995 6. Pappus of 2 to 4 smooth or antrorse-hispidulous awns (7). 7. Pappus of 2 or 3 smooth divergent awns; ligules about 1 mm. long. 6. P. LINIFOLIA. 7. Pappus of 2 to 4 antrorse-hispidulous awns; ligules 4 to 6 mm. Le Cy ee OD SO gs Dy CREWE. be 2 Se lot 2 AOS a a ee ee 8. P. FILIPES. 4. Pappus various, but not of 2 to 6 rigid subulate awns (8). 8. Plants perennial, with a woody rootstock, low, 10 to 20 cm. high, leafy only toward the base, with long naked peduncles; leaves with 1 to 3 pairs of bristles at base; phyllaries 12 to 15; pappus of the disk flowers of 20 to 40 unequal bristles, that of the ray flowers of 2 bristles and sometimes a few squamellae____-_____________-. 7... P. LONGIPES. 8. Piants annual (9). 9. Phyllaries 5; pappus of 1 to 4 subulate awns and sometimes a few squamellae, or reduced to a crown of squamellae___ 8. P. FILIPEs. 9. Phyllaries 8 to 10 (10). 10. Heads rather crowded, sessile or peduncled, not obviously surpassing the leaves (11). 11. Leaves not dilated at base; pappus normally of 12 to 18 bristles, sometimes reduced to a crown_____________ 9. P. PAPPOSA. 11. Leaves dilated at base; pappus a crown of syuamellae, with or WitMOlind OM 2 awWwis = 2-5. > ee 10. P. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 10. Heads mostly solitary at the tips of the branches and in the axils and forks of the stem, the peduncles usually considerably sur- passing the leaves (12). 12. Pappus in the ray flowers of 2 to 5 slender awns or bristles, in the disk flowers of numerous bristles at least half as long as Thiele CORA S 2, SPs WS BEAK I eo re a 11. P.. PALMERTI. 12. Pappus in the ray flowers of 1 or 2 slender awns or bristles, in the disk flowers of numerous short bristles or reduced to a rE GU) ke Pas ee aS 28 a RA ei ee 12. P. - RUSBY. 1. Pectis prostrata Cay., Icon. Pl. 4: 12. 1797. Mountains of Cochise and Pima Counties, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, sandy plains and dry slopes, August to October. Western Texas to southeastern Arizona, south to northern South America; also in Florida, Cuba, and Jamaica. 2. Pectis cylindrica (Fernald) Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 198. 1916. Pectis prostrata var. cylindrica Fernald, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 33: 68. 1897. Beaver Creek (eastern Yavapai County), Sacaton and Eloy (Pinal County), San Bernardino Ranch (Cochise County), Duquesne (Santa Cruz County), 1,300 to 5,000 feet, sandy-gravelly plains and mesas, May to September. New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora. 3. Pectis urceolata (Fernald) Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 197. 1916. Pectis prostrata var. urceolata Fernald, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 33: 68. 1897. Gila, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, August and September. New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua. It is doubtful whether P. urceolata and P. cylindrica are specifically distinct from P. prostrata. Two of the few collections examined (Smart, Santa Cruz, August 10, 1867, Peebles et al., 5566, from near N ogales) have only 3 phyllaries asin P. ‘eylindrica, but these are puber- ulous as in P. urceolata, which normally has 5. 4. Pectis imberbis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 70. 1853. Southwestern Cochise County and Santa Cruz County, 4,000 to 5,500 feet, August to October, type from ‘‘on the Sonoita,’ probably in southwestern Cochise County (Wright 1399). Southwestern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. 996 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE *5. Pectis coulteri Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts an : Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4:62. 1849. Sonora, and reported from Arizona. 6. Pectis linifolia L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1221. 1759. Pectis linifolia var. marginalis Fernald, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sel. Proch3a18o0 Asor. Cochise and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,000 feet, shaded canyons and slopes, August and September. Southeastern Arizona to northern South America; West Indies. 7. Pectis longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 69. 1853. Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,500 to 5,500 feet, eravelly flats and rocky slopes, April to September, type from between the San Pedro River and Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright 1127). Western Texas to southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico. 8. Pectis filipes Harv. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 62. 1849. Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 3,000 to 6,000 feet, sandy plains, mesas, and rocky slopes, August to October. Western — Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. 9. Pectis papposa Hary. and Gray in A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 62. 1849. Coconino, Mohave, western Graham, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 3,000 feet or lower, sandy-gravelly plains and mesas, very common, June to October. New Mexico to California and north- ern Mexico. 10. Pectis angustifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 214. 1828. Navajo, eastern Coconino, and western Gila Counties, 3,300 to 7,000 feet, also reported from the vicinity of Yuma, dry sandy or eravelly mesas, September. Nebraska to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. 11. Pectis palmeri S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 24: 58. 1889. Pectis mearnsii Rydb., North Amer. Fl. 34: 209. 1916. Eastern Yavapai, southern Gila, and western Pima Counties, 2,500 to 3,000 feet, August, type of P. mearnsv from Fort Verde (Mearns 184). Sotithern Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California. 12. Pectis rusbyi Greene in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 361. 1884. Yavapai County, about 4,000 feet, August and September, type from Beaver Creek (Rusby in 1883). Known only from central Arizona. 106. ANTHEMIS. Camomite Branching annual, thinly pilose, rank-scented; leaves alternate, bi- or tripinnatisect into narrowly linear, cuspidate-tipped divisions; heads medium-sized, solitary at the tips of the stem and branches, naked-peduncled, the rays 10 to 15, white, the disk yellow; involucre hemispheric, of lance-ovate or oblong, scarious-margined phyllaries; | receptacle conic, naked toward the base, bearing stiff narrow acuminate pales above; achenes subcylindric, 10-ribbed, glandular-roughened; pappus none. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 997 1. Anthemis cotula L., Sp. Pl. 894. 1753. Maruta cotula DC., Prodr. 6:13. 1837. Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,000 to 8,000 feet, roadsides and waste places, April to July. Throughout most of the United States and Canada; naturalized from Eurasia. Mayweed, dogfennel. The powdered flowers are effective against bedbugs, fleas, and flies. A decoction of the leaves may also be employed as an insecticide. 107. ACHILLEA. Yarrow, MILFOIL Perennial herbs, usually less than 0.5 m. high, thinly or densely pilose, sometimes silky-canescent, leafy, with creeping rootstocks; leaves linear to oblong, finely dissected into very numerous, short, linear to ovate, callous-cuspidate divisions not more than 1 mm. wide; heads small, numerous, in a dense corymbose terminal panicle, both the rays and the disk white; rays small, roundish, about 2 mm. long; receptacle with scarious chaff; pappus none. A. miullefolium L., a European species extensively naturalized in the eastern United States, contains achilleine, a drug sometimes used in acute suppression of the menses. It was formerly prescribed as a tonic and in urinary disorders. Mrs. Collom (ms.) reports that a decoction of the leaves and flowers of A. lanulosa is used in family medicine in Arizona. 1. Achillea lanulosa Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 7: 36. 1834. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,300 to 11,300 feet, mostly in the mountains, common in yellow pine forests, June to September. Manitoba to British Colum- bia, south to Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. In var. alpicola Rydb. (A. subalpina Greene, A. alpicola Rydb.), seen from the San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County, and Baldy Peak, Apache County, 8,400 to 11,280 feet, the margins of the phyl- laries are dark brown, whereas they are straw-colored to pale brown . in the typical form. Achillea lanulosa, western yarrow, a certainly indigenous plant, is not clearly distinguishable from the introduced A. millefolium com- mon in the eastern United States. Specimens from the Chiricahua Mountains (Blumer 1340) are suggestive of A. millefolium. 1913. Apache County to Mohave County, south to Graham, Gila, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 2,000 to 6,000 feet, plains, mesas, and hillsides, often among shrubs, April to September. Wyoming to New Mexico, Arizona, and California. It is reported that the Navajo Indians use this plant as a diuretic. In the typical form the pappus consists of 9 to 18 bristles, these often more or less connate at base into about 5 groups. In var. penta- chaeta (D. C. Eaton) H. M. Hall, which has been collected at Yucca (Mohave County) and near Tucson, the pappus consists of 5 to 7 distinct bristles. 5. Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. in Coult., New Man. Rocky Mount. 588. 1909. : | Prenanthes(?) pauciflora Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828. Ptiloria pauciflora Raf., Atlant. Jour. 145. 1832. Almost throughout the State, 1,200 to 7,000 feet, dry plains, mesas, and slopes, flowering throughout the year. Kansas to Texas, Arizona, : and California. The Hopi Indians, according to one authority, apply the plant both externally and internally to stimulate milk flow in women. 6. Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) H.M. Hall, Calif. Univ. Pub. Bot. od: 206. 907. Prenanthes(?) tenuifolia Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828. Ptiloria tenuifolia Raf., Atlant. Jour. 145. 1832. Apache, Navajo, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, July and August. Montana to Washington, south to Colorado, northern Arizona, and California. Stephanomeria wrightit A. Gray was doubtfully recorded by Gray !8 from Arizona on the basis of material collected by Rusby. The identity of these specimens is uncertain, but they do not seem to belong to S. wrightit. 18 GRAY, ASA. SYNOPTICAL FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 12: 1884. (See p. 414.) FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 1023 131. NEMOSERIS Glabrous branching annuals; leaves mostly pinnatifid; heads rather large, solitary at the tips of the branches and branchlets, white; involucre of about 7 to 15 equal, lanceolate, acuminate, scarious- margined phyllaries and of some much shorter, unequal, outer bract- lets; achenes subfusiform, tdpering into a beak; pappus of long- plumose setae. Key to the species 1. Corollas exceeding the involucre by about 5 mm.; achenes with a slender beak about as long as the body; pappus dull or brownish white, the bristles plumose essentially to the apex with straight hairs.__ 1. N. CALIFORNICA. 1. Corollas exceeding the involucre by 10 mm. or more; achenes with a more gradu- ally tapering and stouter beak shorter than the body; pappus bright white, the bristles not plumose near the apex, the hairs of the plume softer, sub- ape PEC Ts Nae a 8 ea ay Een te ee 2. N. NEOMEXICANA. 1. Nemoseris californica (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 193. 1891. Rafinesquia californica Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 429. 1841. Mazatzal Mountains (Gila-Maricopa Counties), Santa Catalina and Baboquivari Mountains (Pima County), probably elsewhere, 3,500 to 4,500 feet, April and May. Southwestern Utah to southern Arizona, California, and northern Baja California. 2. Nemoseris neomexicana (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 193. 1891. Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 103. 1853. Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, 500 to 3,000 feet, abundant on plains and mesas, March to May. Western Texas to southern Utah, southern California, and northern Baja California. One of the conspicuous spring flowers of the more desert parts of the State. 132. TRAGOPOGON. GoaTSBEARD Biennial or perennial, nearly glabrous herbs; leaves elongate, grass- like, strongly nerved, entire, somewhat clasping; heads large, yellow or purple, solitary on often fistulose peduncles; involucre of 8 to 13 lanceolate, acuminate, equal phyllaries; achenes subfusiform, long- beaked, muricate; pappus of somewhat flattened plumose bristles. The well-known garden vegetable, salsify, oysterplant, or vegetable- oyster is 7. porrifolius L. Key to the species 1. Phyllaries 8 or 9, equaling or shorter than the chrome-yellow corollas. T. PRATENSIS. 1. Phyllaries usually 10 to 18, much longer than the lemon-yellow corollas. 2. T. DUBIUS. 1. Tragopogon pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 789. 1753. Coconino County, where common in waste ground near Flagstaff and Williams, also at Lakeside (Navajo County), summer. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada; naturalized from Europe. 2. Tragopogon dubius Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 95. 1772. Walnut Canyon, Coconino County, 6,800 feet (Whiting 2841), summer. Colorado to Idaho, New Mexico, and Arizona; adventive from Europe. 286744°—42 65 1024 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 133.. PINAROPAPPUS Low perennial herb, sometimes scapose; leaves entire to runcinate- pinnatifid; heads solitary; receptacle bearing thin narrow paleae; achenes subfusiform, tapering into a short beak; pappus of copious, brownish, capillary bristles. 1. Pinaropappus roseus Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 143. 1832. Achyrophorus roseus Less., Linnaea 5: 133. 1830. Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), about 8,000 feet, open grassy pine forests, July to October. Louisiana (where doubtless introduced), Texas, and Arizona, south to Guate- mala. The large heads are white, turning pink in drying. 134. MALACOTHRIX Annual herbs; leaves toothed to pinnatisect; heads small or medium- sized, yellow or white; involucre of subequal phyllaries and calyculate, or strongly graduated, the phyllaries narrowly or broadly scarious- margined; achenes columnar, truncate, ribbed; pappus of soft bristles deciduous more or less in a ring, 1 to 8 of them (rarely none) stiffer and persistent, the achene often also crowned with a ring of minute teeth. Key to the species 1. Involucre 12 to 15 mm. high, strongly graduated, the phyllaries 3 to 4 mm. wide, with a linear green and purplish midline and a very broad scarious margin, all but the inner phyllaries suborbicular to oval; stem leaves oblong or elliptic to ovate, cordate-clasping, the upper leaves subentire to repand-dentate, rarely laciniate_2_=--2=_2=_— = _ 23s 1. M. couLTERt. 1. Involucre 5 to 12 mm. high, calyculate but scarcely graduated, the phyllaries 1.5 mm. wide or less, lanceolate to linear, acute or acuminate, with a narrow subscarious margin; leaves linear to oblong or ovate, mostly pinnatifid (2). 2. Leaf segments linear-filiform, less than 1 mm. wide___-- 2. M. GLABRATA. 2. Leaf segments oblong or triangular to linear-lanceolate, comparatively short, usually toothed (8). 3. Ligules inconspicuous, little exceeding the involucre; heads numerous, panicled, small (the involucre 5 to 8 mm. high); achenes finely 15- ribbed, with 1 (rarely 2) persistent pappus bristles and a crown of minute white setulose teeth____.______1_+___= 3. M. CLEVELANDI. 3. Ligules conspicuous, bright yellow, much exceeding the involucre; heads larger, mostly solitary or few at the tips of the branches and branch- lets; pappus otherwise (4). 4. Achene cylindric, evenly 15-ribbed, 2 mm. long, the outer coat prolonged into a dark, truncate, unribbed, entire collar, this bearing inside below the apex a denticulate whitish ring and 0 to 2 persistent pappus bristlesss = sate See ee 4. M. FENDLERI. 4. Achene more or less 5-angled (5 of the 15 ribs stronger than the others, sometimes almost winglike, continuous to the apex of the achene or prolonged beyond it into knoblike teeth), the outer coat not prolonged into a collar (5). 5. Persistent bristles of the pappus 2 to 8, with minute teeth between them; 5 of the ribs of the achene much stronger than the others, almost winglike; phyllaries long-acuminate; achene 3 to 3.5 mm. long . M. ToRReEYI. 5. Persistent bristles of the pappus none, the achene with a finely dentic- ulate whitish crown; stronger ribs of the achene not winglike; phyllaries merely acute or short-acuminate; achene about 2.5 mim, Jones. sss ee ea eee LE Eee 6. M. SONCHOIDES. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 1025. 1. Malacothrix coulteri A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2,4: 113. 1849. Mohave, Recs Pinal, and Pima Counties, 500 to 3,500 feet, March and April. Southwestern Utah to southern Arizona and southern Califarnia; Argentina. Sometimes called snakeshead. 2. Malacothrix glabrata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 422. 1884. Malacothriz californica var. glabrata A. Gray ex D. C. Eaton in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 201. 1871 Coconino, Mohave, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Yuma Counties, up to 7,000 ‘feet, common and abundant on plains and mesas, March to June. Idaho to Arizona and California. A conspicuous element in the spring flora of the deserts. 3. Malacothrix clevelandi A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 433. 1876. Mazatzal Mountains (Gila-Maricopa Counties) to the mountains of Pima County, 2,500 to 4,300 feet, mostly along streams, March to May. Southern Arizona and California. 4. Malacothrix fendleri A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 104. 1853. Navajo, Yavapai, Greenlee, Pinal, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 2,000 to 5,000 feet, sandy plains, mesas, and rocky slopes, March to June. Western Texas to Arizona. 5. Malacothrix torreyi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 9: 213. 1874. Both sides of the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), southwest of Pipe Springs (Mohave County), 5,000 to 7,000 feet, May to July. Utah to Oregon, northern Arizona, and California. 6. Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 486. 1845. Leptoseris sonchoides Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 439. 1841. Navajo, Coconino, and Mohave Counties, especially along the Little Colorado River, apparently also at Patagonia, Santa Cruz County, 1,500 to 6,000 feet, April to June. Nebraska to Idaho, Arizona, and California. Malacothrix saxatilis var. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Torr. and Gray was reported by Gray from Arizona’? in 1884, but no material from that State has been seen by the author, and it is apparently not recorded by later writers; the locality of Gray’s specimen was probably erroneous. 135. CALYCOSERIS Low, branching, winter annuals, glabrous except for conspicuous stipitate glands on the upper part of the stem and on the involucre; leaves pinnatisect into narrowly linear or filiform divisions; heads white, rosy, or yellow; involucre of equal phyllaries, calyculate; achenes fusiform, 5- or 6- ribbed, tapering into a short beak, this ex- panded at apex into a shallow denticulate cup; pappus of numerous hispidulous white bristles, deciduous in a ring. 18 GRAY, ASA. SYNOPTICAL FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA. 12: 1884. (See p. 423.) 1026 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1. Flowers white or rose-colored; achenes tuberculate, not very deeply sulcate between the ribs, dark- colored itis) Vane eaem 1. C. WRIGHTII. 1. Flowers bright yellow; achenes minutely rugulose, not tuberculate, very deeply suleate between tne mils sign peireiyeee ae eee 2. C. “PARRYIE 1. Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 104. 1853. Mohave County to Graham, Pinal, Cochise, Pima, and Yuma Coun- ties, 1,200 to 4,000 feet, common on plains, mesas, and rocky slopes, March to May. Western Texas to Utah, Arizona, southern California, and northern Mexico. One of the handsomest of Arizona spring flowers, and conspicuous in the more desert areas. 2. Calycoseris parryi A. Gray in Torr., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Bot. LOGs Ssa9: Western Mohave County, about 3,000 feet (Hastwood 18174, Kearney and Peebles 13125), ‘central Arizona” (Palmer 292, in 1876); March and April. Southern Utah, Arizona, and southern California. 136. GLYPTOPLEURA Dwarf depressed winter annuals; leaves pinnatifid, with a toothed, white, crustaceous margin; heads white or pale yellow, turning pink in drying; involucre of about 7 to 12 equal, lanceolate, scarious- margined phyllaries, with a calyculus of several spatulate bractlets, these crustaceous-margined above and lacerate-toothed or pinnatifid; achenes oblong or columnar, 5-ribbed, cancellate-rugose, at apex pro- duced into a thick 5-lobed cuplike border, from which is exserted an | abrupt short beak dilated at apex to bear the pappus; pappus copious, soft, white, capillary, deciduous. 1. Glyptopleura setulosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 9: 2M Si: Fredonia, Coconino County, about 4,800 feet (Peebles 13062), Fort Mohave, Mohave County (Lemmon in 1884), without definite locality (Palmer in 1869), April to June. Southern Utah and northwestern Arizona to southern California. Glyptopleura marginata D. C. Eaton has been reported from Arizona, but no specimens have been seen by the writer. In G. marginata the crustaceous margin of the leaves is broad, with short teeth, the bracts of the calyculus are pinnatifid above and lacerate-fringed most of the way to the base, and the ligules are short and little exserted; in G. setulosa the crustaceous leaf-margin is produced into slender teeth longer than the margin itself, the bracts of the calyculus are lacerate- fringed at the conspicuously dilated apex and naked below it, and the ligules are long-exserted. 137. TARAXACUM.” DaNnpDELION Scapose perennial herbs; leaves all basal, runcinate-pinnatifid or some- times merely toothed or sinuate-lobed; heads solitary, large, yellow, on hollow scapes; involucre double, the outer phyllaries much shorter than the inner ones, often recurved, the inner phyllaries 1-seriate, erect; achenes more or less fusiform, 4- or 5-ribbed, muricate above, prolonged into a slender beak, this bearing the simple capillary pappus. The common dandelion is often used for ereens, as a substitute for spinach, and large-leaved cultivated varieties have been developed in 20 Reference: SHERFF, E. E. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF TARAXACUM. Bot. Gaz. 70: 329-358. 1920. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 1027 Europe. The roots, reputed to have medicinal properties, are some- times eaten as a salad. Propagation in this genus is partly or wholly parthenogenetic, which results in the production and preservation in nature of a multi- tude of closely similar but distinguishable forms. The material available from Arizona is rather scanty, and the treatment here given is tentative. The possible existence of a fourth species is indicated by a dwarf specimen from the San Francisco Peaks (Little 4635), but the material available is not sufficient for identification in the present knowledge of the western species of the genus. Key to the species 1. Achenes blackish, the murications comparatively short and blunt; outer phyllaries ovate, appressed or erect, not recurved ____-__ 1. T. LYRATUM. 1. Achenes greenish or reddish; outer phyllaries recurved-spreading (2). 2. Achenes bright red or reddish brown, the murications toward the apex very sharp and comparatively long_______________-_-_- 2. T. LAEVIGATUM. 2. Achenes greenish, the murications less acute and shorter__ 3. T. PALUSTRE. 1. Taraxacum lyratum (Ledeb.) DC., Prodr. 7: 148. 1838. Leontodon lyratus Ledeb., Fl. Alt. 4: 152. 1833. San Francisco Peaks, Coconino County (Knowlton 142). Green- land and northern Canada south to Colorado, Utah, and northern Arizona; Asia. 2. Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 149. 1813. Leontodon laevigatus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1546. 1804. Tararacum erythrospermum Andrz. in Besser, Enum. Pl. 75. 1822. Lukachukai Mountains (Apache County), Betatakin (Navajo County), Tuba, and San Francisco Peaks (Coconino County), 5,000 to 11,500 feet, June to August. Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Virginia, New Mexico, and northern Arizona; naturalized from Europe. 3. Taraxacum palustre (I. Lyons) Lam. et DC., Fl. Frang. 4: 45. 1805. Leontoden palustre 1. Lyons, Fasc. Pl. 48. 1763. Lukachukai Mountains, Apache County (Peebles 14379 in part), probably also near Prescott and Kirkland, Yavapai County (Peebles et al., 2613, 4180). Northern Canada to Mexico; naturalized from Europe, or possibly native. The Arizona form is the common dandelion of the United States, var. vulgare (Liam.) Fernald. 138. SONCHUS. SowruHistLE Coarse weedy annuals, with subentire to pinnatifid, spinulose- toothed leaves and medium-sized, irregularly cymose-panicled, yellow heads; lower leaves usually petioled, the upper ones sessile and strongly clasping; involucre more or less regularly graduate, the phyl- laries thin, corky-thickened at base in age; achenes strongly flattened, ee ened, not beaked; pappus copious, of soft white capillary ristles. 1028 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE Key to the species 1, Achenes strongly 3 (5—)-ribbed on each face, thin-margined, not transversely wrinkled; auricles of the leaf base rounded______=_=_=___= 1 SS. ASPERe 1. Achenes striate and also strongly wrinkled transversely, not thin-margined; auricles of the leatsbase 7c uit cs ee ee 2. S. OLERACEUS. 1. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herbartum Brit. 1:47. 1769. Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L., Sp. Pl. 794. 1753. Here and there in Apache, Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Pima Counties, 1,100 to 8,000 feet, roadsides and waste ground, April to August. An abundant weed nearly throughout North America; naturalized from Europe. 2. Sonchus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl. 794. 1753. Maricopa, Pinal, and Sine Counties, roadsides and waste places, April to September. An abundant weed in most parts of North America; naturalized from Europe. A gum obtained by evaporation of the juice of this plant is said to be a powerful cathartic, and it has been used as a so-called cure for the opium habit. | 139. LACTUCA. Lettucr, WILD LETTUCE Annual or perennial herbs, nearly or quite glabrous, leafy-stemmed; leaves variable, from linear and entire to oblong and pinnatifid; heads small or medium-sized, panicled, yellow or blue; involucre rather slender, more or less strongly graduated; achenes strongly flattened, abruptly or gradually beaked; pappus copious, of soft white capillary bristles. The garden lettuce is L. sativa L. Lactucarium, a sedative, is obtained from L. virosa. Sheep sometimes feed on i pulchella, but the plant is reputed to be slightly poisonous. Key to the species 1. Achene lanceolate or lance-oblong, strongly several-ribbed on each face’ gradually narrowed into a short stoutish beak; flowers blue. 1. L. PULCHELLA. 1. Achene oval or oval-oblong, abruptly narrowed into a slender beak sometimes as long as the body; flowers yellow or purplish (2). 2. Achene small, the body 3 mm. long or less, light gray, about 5-nerved on each side, finely hispidulous above, not rugulose, the beak very slender, longer than the achene; leaves stiffly spinulose on the margin and usually on the midrib, beneath: |. 1095 lias snail noma 2. L. SERRIOLA. 2. Achene larger, the body 4 to 6 mm. long, dark brown or blackish, 1-nerved on each side, not hispidulous, finely transverse-rugulcse; leaves not stiffly spinulose (3). 3. Achene with a body about 6 mm. long, the beak about half as long; leaves mestly narrowly linear and entire, the lower ones often broader Sind: Pim Ma beh sees a eee ee or ope 3. L. GRAMINIFOLIA. 3. Achene with a body about 4 mm. long, the beak about as long; leaves all obovate or oblong, at least the lower ones pinnatifid, the upper ones often not Jobedis aca. oo eee ee 4. L. LUDOVICIANA. 1. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC., Prodr. 7: 134. 1838. Sonchus pulchellus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 502. 1814. Apache, Navajo, and Coconino Counties, 6,000 to 7,500 feet, summer. Saskatchewan to British Columbia, ‘south to "Missouri, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS OF ARIZONA 1029 2. Lactuca serriola L., Cent. Pl. 2: 29. 1756; Amoen. Acad. 4: o2o. = Lb: Lactuca scariola L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2,1119. 1763. Coconino, Yavapai, Maricopa, Pinal, and Cochise Counties, 1,000 to 7,000 feet, May to September. Abundant in southern Canada and the United States; naturalized from Europe. Prickly lettuce, a common weed of roadsides and waste ground. Two forms occur commonly—the typical form, with pinnatifid leaves, and f. integrifolia Bogenhard (L. scariola var. integrata Gren. and Godr.), with unlobed leaves. 3. Lactuca graminifolia Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 85. 1803. Apache, Coconino, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz, and Pima Counties, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, May to September. South Carolina to Florida, west to Arizona. 4. Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC., Prodr. 7: 141. 1838. Sonchus ludovicianus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 125. 1818. Fort Verde, Yavapai County (MacDougal 515), Tonto Basin, Gila County (Toumey 617), 3,000 to 5,000 feet, July and August. Muinne- sota to Missouri, west to Colorado, Texas, and central Arizona. This species has not previously been recorded from Arizona. 140. LYGODESMIA Annual or perennial herbs, essentially glabrous or merely puberu- lent, sometimes spinescent; leaves entire or toothed; heads very small to large, the corollas pink or rosy; involucre slender, of few equal phyllaries and a calyculus; achenes subcylindric or linear-prismatic, few-ribbed, not beaked; pappus of numerous capillary bristles, stiffish or soft. Key to the species 1. Branches spinescent, rigid, divaricate; stems with tufts of brown wool at base: lower leaves linear, entire, about 3 cm. long or less, the upper ones REMUCCE TOMS CA lest tate eee naps Sts Meet Ark BIN ee ayers) sh 1. L. sprnosa. 1. Branches not spinescent; stem without tufts of wool at base; leaves other- wise (2). 2. Leaves grasslike, linear, entire, conspicuous, up to 10 em. long; involucre 18 to 20 mm. high; achenes at least 10 mm. long; plant perennial. LL. GRANDIFLORA. 2. Basal leaves obovate or oblanceolate, repand-toothed or lobed, those of the stem reduced and inconspicuous; involucre about 5 mm. high; achenes Apo oni: Jones planGiannualie = = 2.7 - a sels 2S 3. L. EXxIGUA. 1. Lygodesmia spinosa Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2, 7: 444. 1841. Flagstaff to the Little Colorado River (Coconino County), 6,500 to 7,500 feet, August and September. Montana to British Columbia, northern Arizona, and California. 2. Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nutt.) Torr. and Gray, Fl. North Amer. 2: 485. 1843. Erythremia grandiflora Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. ser. 2.7:445. 1841. Navajo and Coconino Counties, about 5,000 feet, common on sandy plains, often with grasses, May and June. Wyoming to Idaho, south to New Mexico and central Arizona. 1030 MISC. PUBLICATION 423, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE The bright pink heads are large for the size of the plant. It is reported that the Hopi Indians boil the leaves with meat and with mush, and regard the plant as stimulative of milk flow in women. 3. Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 9: Die Si An Prenanthes exrigua A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 105. 1853. Stephanomeria minima M. E. Jones., Contrib. West. Bot. 17: Bille = II BKO) Navajo, Coconino, Mohave, Pima, and Yuma Counties (probably elsewhere), 1,000 to 5,500 feet, hills and mesas, March to June, the type of Stephanomeria minima from Fredonia, Coconino County (M. E. Jones in 1929). Colorado to Texas, Arizona, and California. 141. AGOSERIS. MountTaIn-DANDELION Perennial or rarely annual, scapose herbs; leaves narrow, entire to pinnatifid; heads solitary, medium-sized, on long naked scapes; involucre usually graduated; receptacle naked; corollas yellow, orange, or purple; achenes subfusiform, ribbed, smooth, beaked; pappus of soft, white, capillary bristles. The genus is much in need of a thorough revision, and the present key is only tentative. Key to the species 1. Plant annual; achene 3 to 4mm. long, the beak about twice as long; involucre pilose or villous with many-celled, often gland-tipped hairs. . A. HETEROPHYLLA. 1. Plant perennial; achene larger; involucre usually glabrous or glabrate, the hairs, when present, nct gland-tipped (2). 2. Beak of the achene comparatively stout, nerved throughout, much shorter than the body: <=) -2.02 9520 Me hea eee 2. A. GLAUCA. 2. Beak of the achene slender, not nerved throughout (8). 3. Beak of the achene shorter than the body; corollas orange, becoming purpleiniage. 20s 22 Vo ke cee ie eae See 3. See See 321 Gis) Fee ATES ES ee Soeeaeen ieee ete ae eee ae eS SAA STLOTNIE oe oe eee ee See ee 32 (40) Jr EYED Ss ee ee eee eee nat fe ae 31 CLITA eae ee en ee 983 (870, 883) LEV CET POI he ee ee i ees ae eet ee 985 (986, 987) PACTITONE TIS ie aoe a Se ed ae 978 ee PROTEIVONIET ER se We = Rs ok Ly ee 5 715 ee ie Se a no, See ee ee a9 PAUP ASIE IES = See Se ee Oe ee 830 (831) A en ee ee ee 842 Weltarigiim S220. ees See ee 35 (27) SCT Ee ee oe ee eee Se 104 DCN OT 0) | ee ede eee 132 (78) ESP yTnMNeNe 2 oe ee Se 492 (429) Jv Te tse re et Ses eet ee 536 JETS] EC 0D ee, ee SO eee 773 (768) Pees re 8 ee ee eg 202 TVA ATLL OL 2 = lS Ae ee Re 870 (978) COS rInsee ete: Sk eee es 1030 (872) PApTIMIOMEy ee! 5. So Ee ee ee 408 (389) JTS ETT INC) | a Ee AEE EI SRR Ore ORS 100 (80) EROS AS ee oie eee cae? es 110 (81) TUCT Sst ee ee She ee ee Se Seo Soe 111 (110) PE RIES ees a ee ee 123 EDIE a2 ae ee 122 CROTON 122 GLO DS Se See eee ee es Semele iil er pL Seg ie Se pe an © Ane Agrostis—Continued. Page POLIGRO See aes eae ea se ee 118 IGT ANS — ee ee ea, ee 111 POTS Ag Ge See ee Pere 111 ay WIT OCCT mr ie rae 8 ae UT OUMUUME sp oe ee ee iD SSICCTILOS Ue a ee ee 118 Selina es ee eee 111 (110) SSMiIVErACtlALA— 522 - = 3. oe 110 SHiniisCieee eo eee 118 COTS EU ee a ee Oe ee ee 119 ART es ee 8 as Pe he 8 a ee 95 Bie 107, 108) JAUZ PIC ST Dee ee: eee a eee _ 295 (48, 49) Ale ADC Te a ae = 504 PAN ET 5 ee ie ee _ 647 (650, 654) YL ee ee ee eee 491 - J AUNT 2 ee ee a ee ae eee ee See Alismaceae_-____ Sah ee ee NE Se ee 76 Py NIST ie eS eg ae ees 276 (262) PALIT CEL Ce Sie see ees Sanee ee 289 (285, aS) AUP OTIIEIE te ee te Eee a ee cA Lape raaine oe tes segs Se Se ee 189 (16, 186, 187 ) ACMA: 5 Ee 191 (190) DIP ClOy eh ho ea as 8 ee ee 192 (190) CATA EILI CEE tee See ee Oe ee eee 191 (190) TAS CRNA Ea es 2 eae oe oe 192 (190) geser Coli ss AS oe ee 191 (190) DINCHIGSHAS = Se ee a 191 WITTE aL eS ee. Cee een el eS 191 (190) UCOTECT ACL nme en Sat Se Se en ee ee eS 192 (190) TE OMICTICONI oe eee 191 CW AGEHSC ss an oe ee eet 192 (190) TGR iio oe ee eee ae 190 fs. =e ee ee ee ee 192 (190) plaatmerse. 292s 8 ee 191 (190) PESTER [i oie. = eS ee 191 TCC AIT eo ee Ss SR es ee 191 SAbintweGla: ha) ee 8 22 a eee 190 SRTCET 1G ae ee See ee aes 192 PAT OCR (Umer ee ee 2) 759 jit ie en 222 (21, 221) AIODCEHTUS] 2 22-22 = es 5 ae ee 111 (81, 112) PATS eae! aa 4 ee sg ae 304 (305) PALCV INTEL ee ee eae 283 PALER DCT 7 Ea Sy a a ne 561 PALRE Sipe ne NN pe OA ee ee 359 ATTA ATL ACHE sete et eS Pd 278 (48, 50) TATA IIS Se ee ee 279 (278) Diodes ee ee Be 281 (279) caudatus _-_ ements Te eee (279) Craoentus =o. 2-54 pte Soin? Se LORE ee 281 (280) iio aah tee Ro BPE Seem 280 (279) DERBCIN ATI Cao roe Ee Lae ee 281 (279) Fe aT el | by ys Sedat a I RN deen ar 280 (279) Hverigus 6 Sten nee 281 (280) GDCODGAIIS 43-82 os ee ee 280 (279) PCT EPs ee ee 280 (279) wOwelitias = So Se Bat Bo Se 281 (280) Ian ele ee ee es ee 280 (279) PUDESCRNS 3-2. = Re ee se 281 (279) FELTON ORUSSS a. 6 eo ae ons oe ee 281 (280) Da TET Gy] Me epee ee ae et oe eee 280 IPENR NUDES Mt ed SB) tT Ba 281 (280) NITRERY PLE E eee eye See Ne Sn sm SE 679 AW RNG REPAR. oF se ct ts 5 201 (46) COUT 2 11 i 5p Sha a eee eee SD SNe eae 982 ATTA 8 eo eee 982 STOR OTRAS, (ae RIS Stee rae eae ee aa 280 Y ACCEL Or ih: eg co a 945 (870, 872, 947) TATE INTO ey Ss) ee 392 (16, 389) 1042 INDEX Page | A plopappus—Continued. Page VATELUNG reer aaa ee 899 ep) LOrtifOlWUs. Sees 28 ee ae ea eee 9 AMOS 2 ae ee eee WE USOM TE 12 2 se Ne ee ee Ne ea tae 906 (904) ‘Ammiannian 2°: oe 1 ae eee 619 (618) A DOCY Ta COd eke hee Ns aera ar ee 682 (57) Ammo Drona. 2. oe ee 659 oy ApOCyiUmn nea 222 Si kan ae ae een are 685 AMM OCOGONS = hse es eee eee A OCA HU ra = Sema aes ee eee eee eee 861 (860) JAMIMOSe Lin VT eee ee oe eee 646 (640) Aquilegias
  • ee See ee ee ee ATAIDISE 22 oes ee ee ea ve 366 (339) ‘Amorph ans 622282 2s se ee ee ee ere 452 (430) CULO | care GU 18 tai es a eg 368 Amphiachyris. = 2222-22 Se eee 89 dirumimnon dil 2262 eee re 367 (366) Amphilophis. 22225-2222 ee 152 eremophila 2-855 a8 OSs eet eee 369 Ammphipappus:s=s=25 == == aaa 897 (878, 882) fend erisee nice 6 lec Pr ec eet Eee 369 (367) ACTA Sn) Cleese ae me ee 759 (741) FOTTIOS G's ete oo eh NE oe A rt aa 3 IATNISONIA See = Se ee ee 682 alr aee e e eee 367 ea INGTENG ENOL GRY a er 548 Cy Gnactlent dass eats 2 Ses Rese Oe eee 369 AnachariSs 22 3222 2S ee see ene STaciipEset ss Ee eee ae 368 (366, 367) Anagalliss 22 als ois Seven eee eee 668 (65) TRUS UGE ogee aR Cs eee 367 (366) Anantherite= 02 ee ee ee OLD OCULAR ese ear ees oy eee ee et 3 Amapnalishs= 2 his i= sees eee 938 (875, a7) ligmifera =: =s-! 22 etek Sec ee ee 368 (367 ATI ChUSa Ae le eee ae ee ee eee LONGUOSERIS OES Se ie NGS he 2 rel Ree ee 344 ANCROCEnO= 8 oe ee eee 95 ODOLGSo= Ree 2 ve Oe ee ee ee ee on ATGrO POON Vets ees ats ee eee 150 (79) Oty Dh UO SS ea ae 367 OAT UTA CLUS ses eo tate ae oe 152 (150) peLrennanse*:S ee See 369 (366, 367) CHR YSOCOTV Sa ee en 151 pulehia s-3 2 es Se ee ee eee 368 (366) CIRRUS ees Se ES ee eae se 151 DYCTUOCON DORs Sane oe at Sa eae 367 CONEOTEU SED See ee ES eee eee 153 TECONGUO a. == 2 eee ee 369 feensig eS: 0s wae Se ee eee 151 TEplONs= oo: 5! eRe Se eee 362 furcatus: suo meee see rae eee 151 EPICORNUCA Se See ain ret ee ee 368 (366) BIOIMELALUS Sse ae M52) CUS) {Ih Acre Cea 6 ae eel es ee eel a 175 (46) Dea Utes Se oe ge ee SE ee eee 1S | Alaa l ites ees we ar eee ele 490 intiflorus Whe a eoid Denec ee ee ee omet oeae 151 Sea Aral ae eS Ee ee Oe et ieee 638 TIVELGUO COI US ae Araligicede 2222 52 SUe = ae ee Ee eee 638 (51) TONEUPON ae ee ES ee Se ae isd Ve ODN AD CS Peewee Sl ee ee 662 (21, 660, 663) TUL ECTES eo Aas aS es Sy Daa SEL SC seer UGEM| ines TU oO) ONG 2 233,031) RAVENNGCS 5 eS See ee Ew eee 150) PA CUOTME COD ee ee ee ee 336 (334) Saccharoidesi sae anes ee eee WGP) (GEM) |] PAmonosieyoenaGs. 2 bk 663 (18, 19, 660) SCODALIUS Joes o-eettey sia no a eee 15150150) eAretotiss 200 Se es eee eee 870 INTIGTOSACCE = see ahaa Uae bye Aare eee 666''(23; 665)! | Arenariaas <2 28 pee oa 5 Nace eee 307 (303) IATA GOST NTU ne ee ee 193 (187) alberrans, {22 esse Be ee eae ears ee 3 ANCING S252 2. == oP SSE a ae eee 214 aculeatas <2 220 2 =e ee ee eee 309 (308) iAmermnone = eens Sa aS te ee 322 ee Capillarish ok eee ee neeeee 309 (307) IATIEIM OPSIS20 Se esse eS ses SEN Se See CONPUSA Sa 8 BSE ee Ra oe eee 308 (307) ‘Ane thus 2:00 s5 aoe ues ee ences 649 (641) Congestan 228 OE See ee ee 310 (308) OD Niatexe) A Ch: peewee Se Seated eee ee 651 em) Gouglasites. 258i Lee Ee eee 308 (307 Angiospermae: s5--25 28-2 ea eee easiwoodiae! 22425285 Sees eee 309 (308) Antisa cara (hs! et. se ewe ee eee eee 840 (838) fendlert: 2.5 '~. se ee eee 309 (308) ANISOCOMAS eee a ae eee 1020 (871) TOTMOSA eee Fo eee ee Anisolotusiss 20S 3s ae Rae Clee ee 448 (449) MACTAdCMIA: 12.44 A ae ae 309 (308) TAMTMESTIGRE 2 ea eee Poe an ap ey nee 413 (414) FNCUT ISIS 2 OS De eee aa ane ee 309 ATOM AS! 35) 2 Sie See ee eee 576 (562) MOUMCOULOSS 22 2 Se ae. Nee Dene ne ee ene 308 AMON OES s So eRe eaten oe ee eee 625 (628, 629) DTODUNGUM En een ee ee 308 U Niall nes aloes pales uc ee ane heh ge Sn ee eed 937 (22, 875) UOT oe Shree re PR ae alk, la 310 Acithie mis soe soe ane Se Soe ae 996 (870, eo Sajanensis’ 2-0 see he eee wee 308 (23, 307) Anthephorazc S25 os 2 see ee ee SOX OSD SS Fr a ee 308 (307) AS ra ti Tel Cuma ee ee pet aie ee 188 87) SUUCONgESide Sos eee eee Sea ee 310 Anthenopedsaas ss os 5 eee Oe ee es eee 979 Verna st Ne ek Cae E a eee eee 308 (23, ue ANEhO DOGO Te: =. See ea ae eee ne ee era 678 Cy Areth Usa st <2”. ine ee cere ee ee VANELCLED Rae Dire sie eie Tea et Nass ate aa pene ae ATSeMONe: 22 oy oe ae ese a 336 iD An tinh nun ee Ske ae eee eee 803 oe a2 ATGenenas sa: Sa aes ee ee net ee Anulocauliscae'= = 20 eee 2 peer ae ee Argyuthamniaiss 2 26 es ee eee A petalaeee = 22 lis wal eahce alee ete a eee ary ATISGIG ae Ns Sook ee er eee Seed Pe (Als 17%, a Ap hanOsbe ph Ss sane aren een 912 (878, oe AdSCENSIONISS 2 aes = oe ae eee 129 ( 127) ALDI OF ES eatiees A = SIE Ree ante 528 (529) BTIZO WI CR ae ek So eee i eee ee oN 127) JAD IA SGT ULI 02 ea a 2 ae ere ee 645 (640) barbataes § 35225 4e) ee ees 9 (027) DUDTRD S22! 295 Be Ed aR RCRA Ras Ce ene 645 (641) OnOMOId eS Sess WEES S eee eee eee INTO OV NUC eeeeneeboe es 903 (16, 19, KD 878) Califor Gasaes GRE Se Ue an ee eee 128 (27) ACAI Sine Me ER en ee ee eee 6 (90 3) Givanicatak. 222525 eee eee ae 129 (127) Acta denis Ae ae eee oe (904) fendleriana se.) St ae ae ee ee eee 129 (128) ATMELIOIMVES 2 eS ee eee 906 (903) Slabrata ee oe es a ee ee 128 (127) COLViNUS 22 Le ae eee ee 907 (904) CIBUCH. Se ee ea ee ae 129 (128) CRO CCUS aoe eee oe ee eee ee 905 (903) hamwlosa ss 2 Sra s ee ee 129 (127) CUNECA TUS Sse ee eee ates 906 (904) havent ee eee ee 129 GRUMIMN ON Gee eee eee 908 (904) longisetas 5-8 5 2 See eee hea 129 (128) [IC OEUUS Sek cE Rene ES OE ae ne ene 906 Coy Db eaeeh alfa pumice ee SU a ad a a de 128 (127) STULICOSUS =o ee eee 907 orcuttianas. Se ee eee 128 (127) eractlige 4. Se tes eae Ae 905 (903) Danses soe ea ee ae ee eee 129 (127) heterophylluss:222 0p eee ee 907 (904) ALISMI se 28 ee Se eon eee oe 129 (128) UNE CTI OT S55 ei ce eee See Bie nee 906 UTDUNCG se Se ees 129 (127. 128) JUNICCUS he Sei Se aS Abie Beacon ea aera eee 905 GeEmipes esc eie eee ee 128 (18, 12 ae lanicifoliwms tees Se Aik ee 906 (904) DOESCY Uso LS PEO SIE BS ne ee AbbakstzH ein Ko) Ub Rte ere eee CE Ee te 906 (903) WHICH ti 2 er eee es 129 (128) TUG GAT TiS oe be eee ee 9049(903) c| CAristolochiae = sey = eee: ee eee 235 DATE Val al ce a Re ae ae ee 9051(903)E|eAmistolochiaces cme eee eee 235 (48) RET ULOSUS 2 ate en te gra ee O38 ATTICA SSO). ne Ue crite eae rn eee ae 1003 (878) SATCU Se ees aay Del ce al ae 907.((904)5|-Atarhenat hye ruin eae eee eee eee 1034 Scopulonumsee ae eee eee 907.(904)||CArtemisias G2. aes eee 999 (8, 873) Spliaenoce pals ma ee nea 897 absinthivini 252 55562 ee eee 999 SPINU]OSUG Ae ae eee eee a 905 (903) Gljula 22 oe ee ae eee 1001 SuUfiruticosus2 Toe ee See 906 (903) aDnUaS A= ae ee ee ee ee 1001 (1000) TEMUISCCUUS) 222k e eee Scorer ee een eee 907 (904) bienniss 228.2564 85 eee eee re 1091 (1000) INDEX 1043 Artemisia—C ontinued. Page | Aster—Continued. Page pirclayi se 8 ae .--1002 (999, sod CT SCTLET ONT oe ee ee ee ee 920 ETLTEL Te LNT LoS ees oe alge Nate, DEES Sh FU Se RR eee ae he ae ee 920 (917) Serr Ss ee See eee eee 1001 1000) TSCUNS oa ne ee ee ee 915 POTEET |) ae aa Ries SR sc ee 3 ot 1002 SOURCES os Ser ee ee 919 (917) dracmmcnmloides...=— 2 2 -<--- 3 = 1002 (22, 1000) TBHOOSTISe se ek to ae 921 (917) BIDE ee a Fo 1002 (999, ere PIANCONES === eee Se eae 919 (918) STAMSCTIOINGS*.9 7225 22a Lea ee QiIMCU See ee ne 919 SII Se aes 1002 (999, 1000) HOSDELANG ee ee a ee 919 STEREOS. 2 Sk ee ee 1001 (1000) agonist ee 919 (916) Nr WAIT 2 one ee oe 1001 CO Ryne 918 SUS SCRIIOUIES: = = - 3 eee ee BT TACARTIS oor ee Se es, 920 (917) PGSM 2 2s ot Noe ee et ee Bee 1001 (099) Nera giiics ss ee ee eee 919 (917) NoVA... - oe. ee eee oe ee 1003 (1000) ATES STL OT UGS oe i ee ae ee 918 PACINOAL 2-2 = 2 =. ee a 1002 (1000) VOTE ILO! ee = ee ee 921 CUE GT TORE Meee ee eee ee 1002 Ps ee ee ee ee 921 (916) TO TOD (1 eet ETE SS eee eee 2 Ss 1001 PACT OTS ee Ss I 918 (917) SPWIPSCENS © = 27-5 eed © ee 1003 (999, ao FIOLICE DIELS SS ote Se Ee ee 918 111611 /1 eee oS ee, Se ee ee [ALC DET Re eee See ee eee ee.» 920 (917) PRIGGNTALA 2 > ee 1002 (16, 22, 999, 1000) OTL LE eae oe ee ee a 2 920 BOS EREES 9 ee eet ee 1001 SSE SAAR EDS UMS ee, Bee 920 (916, 917) ACRE Y [Co a oe le ID ees ae eee 97° (78, 82, 109) SAVE MUS Se coe eee a oe 921 (916) SPIO RINGACCAG- 6 = 2 3 ea eee 2 Se ee 687 (56) PANACCLUGIESS 68 — F (e e 921 (916) LG SS a eee 689 (687) pep Pee Se se 922 (918) 7 LOVE ee es eee ee ee ee eee 692 (690) Pe (LLL ee See eae ey el pee ae okees, 920 brickystephana: 2 2720: ase ee es 693 (690) SV OU MASTaaa ee ee 919 SPURS ose ete Se Babe eenr iis) WSEPHCCIMIES oe 469 (8, 16, 412, 431) ETE (Tk Re ee ee ee ee ee cre 693 (691) POOL CUT Es Sat ek ae Sa eee 481 (471) Aus = 2 ee ee ee a ee 694 eT RS eee ae ee ee ee __ 487 (472) Ea ee ees 694 (692) TL oe a a Oe ere ie Seer. 481 (475) fie Pee i ee ee ae ee ee 694 (691) PuIGCHTOHS =] ee oe oh ose 483 (469, 476) PAI es 2 eee oR eae ee eS ee 692 (690) PRN IORAS See ee ee et _. 478 (471) ete ye 8 te eee eS 694 Anmipullariiss — = 85 Se = 8. 484 (471, 474) Sea ee ae Pe 2S ee a 693 (691) eS Te a ee ee eee ees 483 (476) CEPT TE (es) FS ee SS eS ee eee ee ene 693 (691) RAVES ober ee = se 488 (469, 473) Renta clara es te eet eee ees 694 (692) FECL Seer te oe oes Se eS 0 486 RCStAANTAQSTAN Oe swe eee ee Ee Lo 694 (691) TAU RONG S = = ns Se A 487 eanteee.: SP ed cee are SL) 693 (690) ELIRER Oa a os 2 482 (470, a7) hughemien. =e oes 2 oe ee ee 693 DeAthe see es Fs, Oe ee Arasadpshisket 2 Se ee eee Se 692 (690) Diveingdiseers: -ae se toe ae ke 489 (469) POTURODR GIG © 2 a ne te 693 ely ee SS Se ee 480 (470) ipnedcorstee < =) ee 485 (470, ed UU ISTE ota ae 693 CAIVCRSUIS sehen o st a, ie aU Se a 692 (690) peanpap lars. hs tee ee 479 (a FIC Ti he er ee ee 694 (691) POTATO Seo soe = eos epee 482 (474) RAN cA ULAR EAE = Pes a eS ho 693 ey ERVINASAIN ce 2 eet ee 8 eed 483 TASS Tr ea a A i een ees elal pricier et a ee 479 (471) quinquedentata hs fee eee ee 693 (690) GHeeSiSe Spt 6S. cl et FE 485 (472) SEPGUBGIOR 22 32s ee en 693 (620, 691) Th eS ae eee See rans S 477 (474) ST) TE 12) Es Ne eae a eer oe eee Oe eee 692 (690) euiiprstioris’= 2 477 (469, 471, 474) faberss = 692 (690) “ELL ES 1 ee no ea ee 487 (472) uneialis______----_--------------------- 693 (691) earitlp bis es 479 (471) URUIIOME «2s 2 689 Response ee ln eee ee 482 (470) CMAPS AED = 8 a Be 694 (21, 687) TT ee ee eee ee 487 (469, 472) PONUAESAS 1 ee -200 (186) Mie rthinds: + oa ewe es ke 490 (471) HI CUGE s (ee eee ee 519 SULTS A ages See ae Se oe eon 486 (472) ee NOE | Sa eee = ee ee ee ee 29 (30) PviCNUEASIRS Oe Os So el, 488 (470, 473) RUSE HAREENG Foe PS oe ne ae 32 (26, 31) SORT ee eee ee 476 (474, 475) UGTA AaTat TNT ITT os = ee re 33 (32) premiicussie eo ee 486 (472) alternans: ——_—_____________-~--_--_-_- 31 iL ici yt aA Oe ettielte Bieler a aa St 482 OD ee eee 33 Spree cer se eS Ee 426 (472 amore 82s 2 te 31 Palpiinigs ste oe 53S en Bee 481 (47 0} Lk TCL a ee 33 (10, =) TSS ORS aa eee Bee eee 482 (474, 475) [opi es ie ee oe ee a eee Cr eh a RS ai eee eet ner 489 (473) OTT a Se 33 iryaiprsinstene es oes 200 Se 477 (469, 472) a), ee ee 33 OSD ae a ee eae eg 481 (475) LL" eT ei a a ar 32 Wassiaaubluanatdsye oe 28 <5 oy te 484 (470) mine Hes a 2 2 ee 32 hamustrates oe 480 (469, 473, 475) LTT, Cee tie eee eaeae Lee 32 EET TCE 21 fe ne oe ee a a ee 489 (470) POIUAB: Se nt 32 (33) PPICMRE ye ee oe ee ae 476 (471) ese 2 eee Reet eS ee ee 33 (32) oa ee ee ae ee ee 477 nS SE ae Ee 31 RNTIPMORINS = Fg ee 477 (474) Sepieninionale.- 72. et 32 PET a IS s tha eee nes oe ine ge ee 480 (474) ReichgInsnes. 2-2 222s 33 (32 Sripreeineriige ts Seas oc Soe bs a 476 Se SPD eee eee =__ 688 (687) layneae__-_-___-- iene ee 488 (469, 470, 472 A Ee eS eT: eS ee 916 (870, 876, 877) igniter ve oe on SUI a -- 920 (916, 917) MPHBEAE IMIR = 929) 8 eo 480 (469, 474) DUR Of Son. cae ae .--. 922 (918) irs 2 STEN | ee ae ane ae 487 (469, 472) adscendens_----------_--_-_-- 919 (916, 917, 918) SHIRELHO WIGHT. = 22s Soo ak ek A (88) TOP Ths eee enone Soe Nee 922 (918) moencoppensis____________________ 478 £469, 475) PMSTAGR IR cogs of Ne ee er 2 a a ee 920 (916) T71G RAN CONG IS en ee Se ee 486 (472) ipelnwae on Se ee 922 (918) ceiLe| LURSY PEELS Risen A SA pa eine eee Renee 489 EL 1) US etd tear ite 914 “TT en a = ae, re nen Se 490 LLG 251 Ce Ne i ape ae RE IES Be 919 | OG. f Co a a oa. 480 (470) ICAHENC OR a 220 See Se oS ee ee 5 921 (918) AQ HEARD fe oe ee _ 488 (469, 473 Eo a es ee ee ee 920 MIGRAINES 2S sean Se < . 489 (469, 473) 7 iTS 1 i oases ee eee 922 (918) WIIG 2s re Poe eee eae . 486 (419, 473) IROGRTNESCONA® 2 22 F eo 8 ee 919 (917) erie ¢ he er rs bee 484 (476) CRAIN GALVIN = eS ha 8 918 (22, 916, 917) PepRTAR GN. a Sea _. 478 (471) GHIstIaRS ee ee eS ee 919 co ee a Se ea ee. sete 482 1044 INDEX Astragalus—Continued. Page ; Page praclongus.. 0. 4851 (469;7474): | Ber benicar thee. ee ee ee ee 332 (19) RCUSSIiE = Ale se eee tea ieee cacea( Caoe he is} ee)))| (eX eamate ss Le es 839 (838) TOCUIEVUISS soos ere ae ae ee 486 Ci 13) Berlandiera=<2 = oe) oe eee eee See 941 (879) TEM CUS. =a) te a eee eee ATON(ATA, 474)" NBernardige 2 aie oe see cen eelee enna eren 529 (524) TUSDYiee 82 Se ee eee 485 (472) Berthelonar a. 20 9 sk ea a ee 935 Sabulonum- tas eo eee 221 (47) SHOTMONUS a See a ae eee Bidens} 2a. ies Seen eee ee 964 Ge, 881) sileranulshe ohh asa ee 483 (5) AUTOR ee oe oe Cn oe eee ee 966 (964) SOMORACG 2 enc ee at eee ee eae 481 (475) Lophege' Loh ia eer eee ered aN Pew ue a 965. SO phorvidess- 252 2 # sek ee 478 (475) Dipinnata--2 eels ee ee eee ee 965 SUID CIM COWS te eee Cee ae 483 (476) OPIN VCUOUUR is 965 tetraptenusi=s 222-5» oars re eee 480 (473) COGN D2 Ae ee eA eee eee 966 EhompPsonace =s see ee eee eee 489 (469) ferulactoliauc S26 =: ete ee 966 ee) PUT bere ae ae os 484 (469, 476) Gi LOUIS ee es ee eee ELICUEERUS -2 2.) et se el ee eee 483 (475) hetenopiiy aes oe ea ee ie a troclodyitusss Las ee ee ee 478 (470) heterdspermas 402" {eee ee eee 966 (965) VeSPehbinUSi. esa eens ee eee 479 (471) LAC MISE he ie ase ee eee A ei aero 964 Uinidigae === Ws et Se ae eee 476 Lenin OnIs Seen 2 eee ees 966 (965) Wil Soni See Ros eae 486 (472) leptocephala-. 2c: 22. 966 (965) SUVALIT0 en Era UT S sae ee ae 477 (473, 475) lencantha =e = ee eee ee 965 wootoni iS je Se a eae er 483 (469, aie) TTVEG CD OLGAIUIC Caen ee 963 SAISETO [OU UCL tae a ee PETSiCdefOld se = ak ee ee 965 Atamisquea___-__- gee ee ae ete ae om 374 an) Dilosa: ae ee ee en 965 (964) ALE TLOSCO S23) Se See a eee ee ee ee DROCENO 2... a See Se ee ee ae AlelopnnagiiG ese ee 485 CenUisecta ae eee ee es Altenitnzecn 2 se Se ee See eee GLENS 1G ClONi ee ee 907 (909, a sa) AL eRODOGOT anes ae eae ee ee ee WSS: PBtGWONIT LA oe se oe as eee en re JANG iy Ei Set rs es ee ee 33) (26)) | |PBignomiaceae ses ee = ae os eee ee 833 (58) JA thy Sansa ss cee eae oe eae 3645338) in| PEscLd end ietay ee ee ae 259 DANET GOTO ine oe pare letra eee es pee SIA BIStOnid sae te ee en eu ee ee 260 AGRI CHOSELISH2 2-52-55, eee ee ee ee 1OLSK(S7D) a PBlephani pap 71s sae ee eee ene 969 SAULT Lexa ee os Lee eee 267,(2625263))| Blepharoneurona=sse se see 123 (21,81) Acanthocarpasen eae: oe ee Die 26 BUMS oes aoa ce eS a eae 265 (267) ATCC RTCAs Seo Sree alee CO ee 270 8) Boeberae- sos Se ee, ee 993 bracteosGic. bs ten) ae eo IBOCVENASETILIN Ee ee ee ee 992 CANESCENS eee ee PH) (AGF alGs il7e 2) ‘Boerhaaviaes 2 = eee ee ee 290 (285) (GOJOE = 11 CLES 0 Ce Canlbaed 32 Se eee ee 291 (290) COLAND 2382S ee eee eee ee 33 coccinea. 2.922.422 atlas a ee 291 Conterpitoli awe a ee cen 273 (16, 269) Coullteris e523 2 28S Pee eo ee 292 (290) CORRUGaAtate sa es ee eee ee 272 (269) erecta. 265 iso 2 i ee 292 (291) eleganss te Sa es es 270 (268) cracillimass. 2S. 8 ee oe 291 (290) fasciculata sc. 21s2: Deel ee. 271 INLET MEI 52 to oe Se eS 292 Parrettitis ses oh ee wee ee 73 (269) leisolend 2 ee _ 293 ONCO CU ace Ses Ee Pe) eee 271 megapteras +28. ole Sees 292 (291) ORUTUNS 1 Se ES SS ee 272 Plerocarpa == ss eee 292 (291) MayATTYES TA Clays Tel ee ee ee ce 272 (269) PULPUTASCeNS | Sess ss eee 292 (290) JONCSIi: Sax tien One eee ee eee 271 (269) SCONGENS2 tee See eee 292 lentifornmise los oe wees es ees 272 (269) Spicata’. = 22) eee es eee eee 291 (290) lin@aris.+s:3/< te a Bee eae 273 (269) torre yanas 2 5.2 eee 291 (290) TOUT Ge NTs eS aa a ee 273 triquietia —) 2 2a ee eee hoe eee 291 ObOVata es) eee eee 271 (269) Wrieh tis: S022 Ss foe see aera 291 (290) Dabulas S82 Foca ea eee ee ees 2703(268) "| Boltoniae ==) 5-2 2 sas See ees 870 DOly.Can pats. es Siege ee ees 272:(269)).|"Bomimerias £39. as ee ae eee eee 34 (27) OO CLT ee cy ee 27.01(268) "| MB OLAGIN ACC dee eee 740 (57) TOSCO Y Sone ee ES en 2 a eae PAK) (Craks))<|| 1BXOHA KO OURDBOM ee 25 (24) ISL TLL OS Ch essa ce RO je 27 BouCh ease eae ne eee 766 (761) SACCATI atc a es ae een one ee ee 2705(268) 2 |p Boutelol ane ae ne 135 (17, 78, 81) Seimilbaccata a... ee ee 270 (268) aristidoidess.. =. 2 ee eee 138 (136) Serenama!: 20 eee he ee ee 271 (268) barbatas. 22.6. oe ee ee 137 (136) WHS Gi: See Suse a eS eee 271 (268) chondrosioides== 5s ee eee eee 138 (136) AERO D dee ones oe Ce ha eae 786 (793) cuntipendwla === =a eee 138 (18, 136) Adi D ert G he hs eee ee 778 (779) eludens:-see-< 2 eee a ee 138 (136) AU MID ENGEL =a a eens a a a oe 778 Cri0pOd ae -s5- =e os ee 137 (18, 136) ALULOSIVET TILT Se a ae arte oe 653 filifOrmISes | Sse 2 Se eee ee 138 (136) JAN CTIA si8= 22 Ga 2 ee ee eee 108 (82) elandulosat.s 2. iets So See ene 137 (136) Anyi culanialcens 25 S25 nie oe eee 25 STACilis Ha SS ee See 137 (16, 18, 21, 136) ARV CTU ee ce 2 eee Sart ei Pee 581 (S30) UTS Wa = ee ee ete 137 as, 196) WANT, OU ea ees aS SPE il VSI ee oligostachiau: = ee eee AZ OWACEH OS 2 st ee ee ee eee 42 wh DAlnVile ae fe ee ee eee 137 (138) IB ACC Maisie ae eaes eet ates ere 931 (873, 875, 876) Dolstachya 22 = ee ee 137 IB AGT a aaa as = OORT SN pi peer ae 974 (879,883) DTOSCROL TN a a ere ere Seth Se 136 Bahiae.s oa. See ine areas 981 (875, 879, 883, sae 979) FAGICOSA Seis ee ee eae 138 (136) Bailey aes see aoe ne See eee 0 (879) rOGhTOCKIMIE Sete ee eee 137 (18, 136) Bar bared eek ee Soe eae ae (340) Simplex As eee See See 136 (18) ROTEON GE es ee ae eee Crifid ase = 58 a ee eee 138 (136) IBaSistelma ty enol a een pee 695(688): |#Bouvangiass 2 3 242 ee eee 847 (845) TBOSS1 mt Sa Ae Sv 2 Ce Ae ta pag) Cary a m5 IBOwiesiats a. 22 ee Ee ee ae eae 642 (640) ELAN A eee eae A erent face ete PTE IBrachilovus a See ee ee rae ee 355 PE OL COD 10 eee 480 (481, $2) IBTOCHYTIS eas hos a ae Re ee eee 896 (897) DB OLIS see ns he aie alt a ae iBrachystigmas es ee eee 825 IB eb Dida ee ss Soe ie eee 967 (13, 873, x) Brandeceakey 2. See es eee eee 864 (861) Y BLA COVA Ut a eee ENE Re IB EASSI Ca nee eee eee eer estes 351 (338, 340, 370) PUNT cena et ia ete eet eee Ue aa Braylinea -o ee es ee 282 (278) IB ClO WECKONGS es Sees Hiner dee een ie eee 842 (8, a8) Brickelliae ey aot ted AE AS 887 (876, 877) ES ETEILGTILC TET Cae eee eo 67 Pino Gxaenw ii 2 8 ee 891 (888) iBerberidaccact=.( 82. 2 ee ane en eee 332 Gy atractyloides=. 2. ee 891 (888) INDEX 1045 Brickellia—Continued. Page Page pacebanid Gases =. ae eee ee SOIN(SE DC aby opis es = eee sy on oe 626 beronicaeroliale ee eee ee SOIR(SSS) Calypso ses 8G. 80-5 bok eee 213 (208) brachy piven] os see eee SIOUSS7; 888)" Caly pinidiiMl =a. 222222 sss5 le PeL) 300 (297) Galiformicae==;=-s==4 ots ee LES See SO2NG1OF88S) SC amelinas = a es ee 360 (338) COUlGerIAe A= ere. eee eae oa ae SOL(SS9)n@ areata 866 (867) G@eSenCOnuim 25-322 2a Shee eee eee $92) (889) || Campanulaceae_. .2_.--__.=.---.__-- __. 865 (55, 56) LETC T ess = Ye Se 892 (887, 889) | Campanuloideae___.__._-_________- _ 866 (56) ORI UNG ae eee ae ae se eee SIZK(SS9) FRC ano paene sea eee ee gue 551 (550) SAT OM ONA te eee Se eae ee re Bs (stot) NK CHU ADH e S e SOe ee e e 722 (723, 725) ICE A Me = Sete eee at Sa See eee SOIR(S88) in ECupiOldesmss = ie = ae ee 337 Le mInTO MIE 2. 2 Se ees ae ee SIOKSSS) ne iCapparid Acene sss = eee ee ee 370 (54) NOMETLOL ee a eee ae AE ee SSOR(GSS) ERC aD Dali Gee tet eis eA ae ee 371 TTACHO DIL UL 0 See et ai CAE ery See SODA LOU OFA (tees A as ea RG Sere ee ye Oe eS Dt 821 Page Ona eh ee SSeS ee ee, SSSR(S88) HOC AprilplaceaG cs 8 hae a a 852 (55, 56) OW LOMONEO lies ee sees ee oe eer eee SOMN(SSS8)EGapitold sees sa es a Ss eae RING Cleon eet ee eee eee SOOM SSS) Fl Oapsell ieee ayia eas weet Ae 360 (338) US Dyin ee ae ee ee ee ee ee S827(889) MEO aps Cue eee ee ee a 793 (786) SCADT Ams Saat ioe Sheen ee aie eee SOOKS83) kG ard amines: ae a ewe 356 (340) Simiplexs 229 -es eee ee e SOSa(S89) ml BGO ee ee oe eet ee ce Bees Se 346 SOMALI OSHS 5 en cen Oe SOOK(SS88) eC ardulissees ass ee 1015 (1013, 1014, 1016) EOTICT, ee eee ta ae en eee ae eS ear SODTIEC Are Kew eee alk Le ee ea 168 (155) VICTIOSHE an sour ence Thar 890 (888) ALTOSLOIC eS eee wens area ee ee eee 171 (170) WV ALSO Meee 5 See a 890 Ab O=m Sasa nem sere ao Les Die eae ae 174 (169) LTO eee ee ee ee Re 892 SUM Ae are ete peel et ae 171 (170) PEST BUCOMLSET: RET ID eae Mass ee eam ae os 773 (774) AL MTOSGCAC IY cee ae ee ee 173 (170) IST OGIACA eaten = epee aye ee Lines Soe 192 (187) QUE eee ee a i so 173 (169) IBTOmMeCliACeACe es ts = aa eae cee SS 176 (46) | OES Ree ok ee ee eee 174 (23, 169) ISTOMMIS 42 ee ee eee = Se sea ee 83 holanderil = 314.9 — se? 2 ee 172 (170) ANOMALISIe = ena few eee ee 85 (84) COM PONG aaa ee EN 171 ATE VE TOS ISO etek eere eee ee a ce re 86 (84) CANESCENS eee oes ee ne 172 (169) COnina Luss wea: ee eee ne see 85 (83, 84) Chalciolepis seas 2o5 2 eee 174 (169) CabWanbIGUSh hae See ee a 84 (83) CUTATOnIUTMIe Sees oo a ees eS 173 (169) CHASE ene fe eee 85 (18, 21, 83, 84) GOUCl ASE Sale, Sel et eae 170 COMMMTICAEUSS eles ee ee '86 (84) SOYA ERS bey Oe SE ra ae eee he ek tee a 172 (170) ALOMGOSUSEH ste ee ee eee 86 (84) eleocharisee sakes 2 ae eel ee 171 (170) UTLCOTIULS Mee a Mas Ree a ee eA 86 CSELN (mest, ta Spat NS A ee CGMS See nc ees see See ee 85 (83, 84) PESCLV EAs se US eR ees Bs gee ae 172 (170) A DOMICUSE sets oee Be~ ee et nes Se 86 (84) GCN eet RE oS ee een ee 173 (169) METTOLR DC Se ee ee eee ee ne 85 POO [ola eee ee a ee 173 (169) NAGI OA TTI See oe ee ee ee en 85 (84) ASCE lien tlie ne te el A a ee eel 173 (169) MARCIMAG USS. ee ee ee ee 85 (83, 84) apy Genian asso esate ee ee 172 (170) TO OUT Se eetrenn 2 sty ye re a 86 (84) Wy Stl Clin tease ee De 174 (169) OREM Gil MUSS eee ae ee ee a ere = £222 = 85) (84) LTA GTO ee ee eee, 2 ee eet 1 BE Peers 172 (170) poOlyanthise = = a eee ee 85 (83, 84) ANU PLN OSA nee ee See ee ee ee 174 (169) PD OTECT I eee tes. ae ee ee A op as Re 85 (86) LOGEOT OSG ee het ee rs Uda EE iy 5k ee 171 DUT OAM Sees Jae a eee 86 (84, 85) TE ptO DOG Aree ea eee 172 (170) TACEMIROS US en ce aed ee ee he Fa UE 86 (84) NETICOGLOM [Aaa = See eees Bs ee 173 (169) HAGEL OSO TUG seers ees ret eae 85 MeDLASKEMGIS Ses ae ee ee oe eee ae 174 (169) TL LS ed al spe eee fone, Je oe 86 (84) TCDD ARLOTI OG 22 aoe ee ee 171 MUD OM Soe ee eke eee he A 86 (83, 84) NEL COL Dee i a ae eer eas Le 172 WE CHORUS Seneca tees neege cea or seg tes Sp 86 (83, 84) oceidentalist: bas 5- sat te eee 171 (170) (TRIO OUT |S ge NORA a ey ee 2 Sl a 86 (84) CONNEC) ANE) cite 3 ee ES ee ene 173 (169) LUTULOLOLL CS ese Se es Ne ee 84 PEACCRACIISS yas eee een oe we ee 171 (170) TT Chil Gee een ee ee See eee eye 139 (80) PROS 5 ok ee ane ee in ee ee 173 (169) J BHDKC) OW YS) cea hs Se elton Becca, Nels, Tee tyke epee aero ere 826, (801) MOSER Let eee he SS a gen Ge a 175 (169) STL CUCE pees pe Pe pee NR cee eee eee 674 TLDS yal ees ere a Be Oe 171 (170) Burd dilejaetia-- 2 e Pe are ets a ees 674 SCODANI Ns eee at ae Core ed ae Se 173 (170) RIEU Seen ean = eee ee ee ee 139 SOIL a eer ees ie ti te eS 174 (169) Bialbostylis= se oe eee ee 167 (155, 892, se SI CCA se Oa ot ee? ee 171 (169) IES RIOD eee ee eanite te py eee ee SU a tae a Se 171 (170) JEIAFUAS EE, oe ie EO Sent IS yah eee ey: ast a9 SPDISS ase ee a ere Re Se Se ear 174 URS On aes 2/5 9S at ee ee 518 (7, 13) SUELO VG eM seep ala eR ae 172 (170) IBVIESCRACCACHE ean ae een. See tI ae ale TS 518 (52) STUDS Cates ae ee aN ae A 172 (170) IRA CONC en gS ee Se 547 (49) COMI OSETAS sae ee ee eee 173 PEST LS mes ape Nig = Soe he ee E 547 CSOD 0] OXS) tn epee ee ee ee Bee rete 174 (169) (CAcali geen scan een oe Stee as 1005 (876) Ua Greases ee Seen eee Ss ee ee 174 (169) Caclactaea a = Sa 8 Se See eee 594 (1, 50, a Vill pINO1d Cala aa ey he 172 (170) OME Hae So VS ie ee pe Te i WOO LOM oe nee ee See i LO) @aesalmimigess = fe 5-8 eo ee ace 428 ony (Ohvslonaneloynt. ee ee : _ 840 (838) @aesalipimoidedes = 2s 2s eee mnae eee oe Atal) RO arming tia=aas== =seoe2 2 sees see S801 (S00) WIS ks - ane Ses ee re ee ae ee ae NOZORG@armegten se 58. hee SE ae SE 595 @alamacnostis.<... 222222225. LOOMS LO Sal Gane phonies = ee eee eee eee 967 @alamoviliaee ss. 2! Se a shee ae ee IONE C anphochacte 2-242! =)2s2"— 6 soe eee 887 (874) Clara annie so 2 a ee ee ae Ns ee 2SON(2I Om REanw ne ee ee ee 647 CONGCOLOT AG ee ES AA et ea ghs Sena a 586 | Caryophyllaceae___-_--_-------- _ 802 (49, 50, 54, 55) @Walendilatet we. otis.) 2. an a ee STOt GEC aSsiatee ta ae eee og eee eae 422"(42)) COUTOTMAC te Ack See ele eee ee Ce O40 AG astilejae ce oo ae 8 _ 826 (22, 800) @alligndraeees<: see eee a 413 oe) ONGUSEONM eee eee eee 829 COE GOTT Ss Re ee meen Pn Se auStromontangs- oe - 829 (827 (QOUO/ CGR Se se De eee ee eae ee POnEaE es 362 LOU (Not ee ee we ee ee case CC 828 (@allistephuss.s 28 Sh. ee ls et 870 GHTOMOSAs See. we a Bee 829 (826, 827) GUST eit Shee hs aos eee Be RN er le ee 724 COTLUIS A eee ee ee as i en A _ 829 (827) @aliiimichacea@n=-—- 32 -ae eee oe eee 547 (49) CHUN tae ase eae ae ees 22. SEs= 2 S28 (S22) CaiiniCne set ete OL ee 547 ChEIMO DRUGS eee 2 ee eo at @alochortuse. 23s.~5 25.50 S323. _ 194 (16, 185, ee RUSE eee ote Fen ens ___ 827 (826) GULODNUES man swt a Ae Se iG \s eo ee ee ee ron 222i. 829:(827) alpine eee nbn fo ee ele ned TO pnd TL sh ATR he ee ee 828 COE COCO s ee eS 118 GLOYR0SGEe ee ee rz 829 CC alVCOSCrISe == eee abe oe ec eee eek 1025 (872) Thal sng: eee ee oe 828 (827) 1046 INDEX Castilleja—Continued Page | Chenopodium—Continued. Page lanatas oi! (5 Si eee ee ORS za) TUDreIN: «6 ee eee 265 (264) i Es) Cee nmin ety Soe A TE 828 (827) SGU 2a. eae bo eared en linariacfolias >. - 5 ee ee ee eee 827) SUNOS Uae eee ea a Vineatales = 5.2 lse ue ee eee 28 (826) WapsOnls = 2 2a ee 2s eee ee ts 9 266 (264) MOR CaNa 222 Sos ee Se ae ee $283] ‘Chilopsis! 2.2220. 2 oe ee ea ws (15) MIN OF (S555 es ee 8279(826) | \Chimapinila = 22 tae sae eee ee 660 (9) patriotica..< .2 0 sa eee 828 (827) Chloris 2 ees tas saree ee 134 (81, 132, 135, 138) TELTOTS Oren ee See ee ee Choisy ase ies ee ee re eee 515 5 (514) SeSSiliMOrawac. 18) ees epee aioe neem 828 can, Chondrophyllas 2 <2 Sas ee as ene 678 SELOSA 2 een oe Ee ee Chondj0snuints 22 ee ee 137 Gatabiosiwei.- 22 See ee ee 957(83) 4): @honizant hee sas a ee ee eee 237 (236) Cathartounum ae ee ee ere SLOG a Chrysant hemp ms Se eae 998 (870, 878, 879) Gathestecuiniie 2522 ic a ee eee ees 1385 (80) h|kGhry socom 222. ee ed ose eee 910 Calicalisse 2 Se eee ee ee 6445(640), 1), Chyyscman 2 Sis ee 902 Caulanthus= 32 eee 343339351). | \CHEYSODSIS= 2-22 "= 5. eee een 898 (878, 906) Ceanothus): 823 i eer eases 557(18,- 554)" Chrysothamnuss= "2 _- 2 eee 908 (870, 877) Gedronella eats ee eee 773 (774) ORIZONICUS S52 A ee ee 912 Welastra ceae! = == ese 550 (52, 54) Gile YE. 2 oho es ee 909 STG TS ee Ta I 228 (4) DIGCLONI Ts a See cule SLE eal es Ne ee 911 GenGhrs! eae eee ee 149(79, 130, 154) CONMSIIMNMUIS = Lo Aha ee aes 911 Centaurea? 32 a eee ee 1016 (870, 873, 875) Gepressus.2 2-S2 ses es Fe 909 Gentauriumi 2 oe a Re oa 675 CLEGATIRS <2 L eos de Re ee ee eee 910 Gentromadia22t oe an ee ee 968 PULP OLS Ae sod SR ars ee ome 910 Gentrostegia:: 3 2 ears ns a Beene ee 237 glaneosus 2-42 = ee a 911 Gentunculus 32522 ee eee 668 (665) gnaphalodes= = eee 912 Cephalanthuse 522s eee eae 847 oe) graneolens. 3. a. Be a ae eee ee 911 Cephalobembiz) == See STECNEl 222 = 2 ware eae ee ee 910 ay) Cerastiumis="2= =" 5 See 305 (9, 23, a) TUTE Se ee CCRGS USS wan BEE ae ie Ben en es eee Loriciys <--_S es US e e oi @eratophyllaces cea ma eee eee 315 43) Lalisguameuss= =) === ee eee 911 Ceratop hyd tee eee 315 Leiosper mug. sn ee au Gercidiopsiss =. 22 So ee eae 426 MOQUIANUS oo = Ld 3 2 ee ee Ceércidium=s See eee 426 (13, 14, 421) MAUSCOSUS=22 = 2 eee ae 910 (16, ws) CerciSae ie ee ee Se gaa en 422 (421) MVCVOGETUSTSE Oe te BOS ee se ee @ercocanpuse. 22) eette ee eee 406 (8, 18, 19, 390) paniculatus_-.. 222) 2. 22 eee 909 oe @ereusne.

    3 25 ee a ee 266 5(264))3|"\@lad iis ae es eee ee oe ee ee 168 as) Ambrosloid@S: 2 =, fe tee ee 2657263): MCGladotnrit. === 2 ae Soa ee STIZOMi CUIMEs 2 es eens ce) a ae eee 26 7s(264)))\ Clair ea ee 2S Se eae res 623 (620, ea) berlanqierigs.c 322s see eae 266::(264)\| Clavigenas 22) S555 a eee ee DOUIEV S22 ss San sae ate eae a 6) (CED) | MOIST oma. ee 300 (297, 299, aa) Capitatumy: eee ee 265\(263)) |; Clematise-s2c 4 5. = lie Be ee ees eee 323 (316) COP MUU oe aaa ne, a 265 || RELEMENES TOs Se ass ee ee ey ee 375 Cesiccatums. 22S ae ee 266) \Clegiie <5 22 2 ee een ee ers 371 (341) {NEMON TE = ee ee eh 2667(264) |iGleomella 22 oes aa ee ee ee 372 (371) SIAUCUIMEs ove se oe Se Soa 265264) Cling po dims == ness sae ee eee ee 783 cae) IANS See ea ay Sk eee Ory (Clee) || (CUO OR ee ee LAT OC TUITE see oes eee eee 2661264) .4|- Chlitonlas= 22.322 5-5 eee ee 500 (9, $5) TED CAT UT S62 SOUP a oer teeter OI Se on re 266n(264)h)| = CLOT C7 O CONT Ca ee oe epee TT CASUITU es ee eae aoe 2651 (264)s |k@ie117d0 pha COs ee 477 (a8) Werou@ lawAlibhen ee D651 C64 le@nrcus sss aa we pee 1013 (1014, 1015) muUTalen ls Sees Ss oI Dei eee 2655 (264) 5 Cid oscoliss sass = een ee eee eee 532 (524) MEEOLGT C2 AG He Nee aad ene ere 266 ODae ass se an SE I ae ee ne ae 712 PTOLETICOLG === See eee ee oe 566) Cocculuss2==t2 2.22 > as eee ee ee INDEX 1047 Page | Cryptantha—Continued. Page @ochlospermacese _..22222225 5.222 oe se 584 (50, a TOV ACETISIS een ane Be Soe Rhee ees 757 (751) (GOCLOGLOSSUNTV Em = es Sena AUB a DLCLOCALY Aue ee ee Se ee ee Te 756 (750, 751) Catienmecess = ee Lt Sls Lek 3 et re DUIS ares ey ee ee ees Oe 755 (750) (CORI ANT eS ies eee eS ee ee ee 656 racemosa--_-_-.- Sob AS tc kp en apm ries 754 (750) @Woldeniae es Shs a ee, eet ETAT C720) ROUNTOSO Sse ke, SONS el Dh ee 755 Coleorymems as hs i eae = 4071016390) FeCUMVabass. = tate eae OO) Colcosanthus 2s 5.2 eas eee ee 889 (890-893) SCOT SO zee a eae ae Ft IS PES 756 (CONTA EY 2. ee ee nae ese pee eae A 804 (800) SELOSISS ITM Givers e areas A eee eee aes 753 (749) (COMO a Be See ee es ee 716 (712, 720, 721) IGA GTISIS see oes oe ee ea oe 756 (751) SUR oe eine tiene oo _.. 600 (21, 431) VAP OTIC TSS ee te ee ayes i i Zor s 753 (749) GOL U re ita ee ee re 59)(Syond) ie Gueunbitas. s--2- 2 SON A U5 SE ORE SRO Eh ORES 862 (860) Woman dra aoe 2 a Bo ee Oe es PB ysy (PAL) || Ouwierbidoviiiereet Yes pe ees Ce 860 (51, 56) GOTIUAT CLG ene aie aie ee SMe oe Bee AQOS EC wp ledss eats eee bent Fe ee PS 619 (618) Rirmimctinncsks oot eee a Baki G73) alk CUpreSsUShe eae ca ee eS ee 67 (58) @ommelinaceae ==) oe See le (46) RC USCA a eo a wn aes Ce ees 699 (698) ComiIniCanp Us. 2-—-2 2s Se ee 292 (285) ADDLAN ALL ss eee eae aha ee ee ee 703 (700) (Compositae rs Se ae see eee 869 (1, ft ae 56) ORDCTUS TS er ean ee oe ee ee ee 700 Won Gallia yikes Aes See eee eee eee WS Ss By 4 (15) CaAlTOTMICAS as oe sar eee eee 701 (699) @omioselinwyas is22 ee ee ee Be 620 (641) CAMPOS TISi st Sees Js Baa ee oe 700 (Oma ees at te ee es nn ong De Ae 640 cCeplalanthis Os ia ats ste See eee 700 (699) (CWonGbacae tas 2 ee eS eye Bo 822 (801) COny kes sae era es es ee 701 (699) @onopholish ss = Ae eee ee eed 836 dentatasgiamatassss. - 22) eee 703 (700) (Conringiaes Sot oe i eee eee _- 370 (338, 340) GentiCtlalae soe = See See ee 702 (700) COV CRCHTTTNG 2 eee ee ee eee ee 200 (201) CHO SA ae eeeeren et 2 PRA NS eS aE ee ee 702 (700) Won volwulacege..-. es et Ss 698 (57, 58) CRONOVMI Ree eae ee ee ee ee 702 (700) Wonvo lulls eee eran we eet Lee 706 (699, 711) AMM CON mae ae eee et wee ee Ee 701 (699) On 7 ae eeraee om ei ees eee 931 (876, 930) THUGRAC OMIM Here ee Ne ey See eee 702 (700) Worallormhiza sf. 2 ee eee ey 212( 9, 208, a OdontolepsisaG i= =F. o 2 kos ee 703 (700) Wonrehoruisesees 26 2 Ge a ee es DCNELU OIL sno ee ee on ee eee 700 G@ordylanthuss-= 22 ese ee 829 (22, eno) Celia: SU ae ge Bete aeeligeyE ! 701 (699) WORCOCARDUS2 ==. ee ae ns eee 962 (881) GUO GTC UT aia te Se oe ee ee 703 (700) Woréopsis-ess222. 2 ase Se 8 961 (870, 880, 966, 967) UM pellatawess ea oy Eee Le re ee 703 (700) @onlanaiiia ss eS ee ee 644 (640) WHO i ae ee Ee eee ee A 702 GorispermUins == 22s eee A ae Hila (AB). | CHO WOT Se eR ee a 943 WOTNACER Cetera os cree ee be oe 657 (47, buy Cyclanthera__-____- pen 5 Panera ere ge 865 (9, 861) @onntusteees ses ee er Sc Ss setae sete ORO Ott se ee ee eee eee 267 (262) Cornbadentgs 226 cee ae ote ee Crlindnopunin Ges ae ee as eee 614 Cony GalisHen Me ut hbk poe een ale eS 337 (3345 Cyan ODterusi eas se = etes eee Te 651 (640, 641, 650) ODT TOP UU eee el see eens 2 el GIST (G14) MGymaraaes see Sees ee eee 1015 (870, 873, 875) Cony phanth awe Ao ae eee ol ee) 6045 (G05) BAC ynodonee se soe eee 133 (78, 80) (Cosmosm este) wre ee SG6Gi(S7ONSS0)s | MCymomanathnuils seen =e eee ee 656 GC ae ees ee ee el OS GOR(S2) NRC TOStin Gee eee aw. nS See Se 97 (133) @OtLEdOT Een! Pe eee ea ere OM Se) MICU TULL nets ecen een an e O n e 2 ie ee eee 1020 Coumsetiaeees 26 ee ee a Se AGM (430) nC ViDChaACeaes so Sea ee sees ee 155 (1, 46) Gouiile met ee Sie ok en ess Soe ee LOI Crys CTULS eee ae = = a aor ree oe eS ree. 156 (155) (GOR Aaah GS a ee Se ee ae ee 405 (19, 22, 390) ACUI aiiSwee Sates ee pe ee See 159 (157) ra ceaaiie ies ee Fk SS oS i 467 (431, 464) albomanrcinatise see ee eee 159 (156) GRESSUTO eee a Be es Oe 949 ED ITS ee een en See ee Ee 159 (157) (@rassumiaceae. 2... eae eee ce te ee 374 (53, 57) AnIStAbUISEs eee meee ek 2c 2a 160 (157) Grae cuss seeee* a eee se ae 394 (389) COM ONIVCTUST SE ee tae ae at a ey 161 (CURATOR NOTE HE SO PS 9 EES ete tela 1032 CONG ESLUS Rae ee eee oa nen eR eee 160 CRED IS see Sa ne Rees heh 1031 (872, 1021) CUTLLOLE Di Smme ame phe t= Sh ROE pe SL Sees 159 resale eo ee by Se ee ee ee 706 (698) GUSitahist ess = a a Se ee are 161 Gra ee a ee 909 CELLO RTOS Sues sk Pete Ree eo 159 (158) ORAS 1 ee aed a tS ON 572 CRY CONOTLMIZOSHs = See ee 158 (Cronaneiumes sons 2 Boe eee ee ae a 384 ESCuUlentiSHee eee e at ee 158 (156, 157) (CLOSSOSOMIG = at a8 SS eee See Se ee 387 ftendleriantise 2a scenes 2 toe anes _ 160 (157) @nrossosomataceae 2.522 soe See eee 387 (52) LOT OKae See pret Se Seen OW stehs FE 161 (157) Grotalaniane se se ek eee 433 (9, 428) WETILOUILCS COIS en ee ee 161 @rolon meee Sa se Se oe a 525 (524) LOUICOTIUU GS Spats ae nS San Se aoe 159 (Orimcifenae ees a) 2 ee oe ew ee - 337 (1, 48, 54, 55) LQUOTILORTS CUS an ae ee eee 161 CRU TOCUII SS eee 2 ONS Me re SES ye 301 TLVULS Ee ore eee pean eee ew 161 (158, 1034) (Coe UESE Eh te a a. ee ee ec ____ 848 (846) UTULE TT, Sune eee aaa cs ttle Ea Sha 161 COOP OSS IS Sw ts Fp OR EE ah Sg eee 139 WAGVAP AGUS eh oan ort sed Bete TE 159 (158) Orypotanunaeese 5 asi ee ue on 748 (16, 740) LOLCRTTLOT ALS Paes eee ete ee es eee ee ee 159 Alb meet e see a ee 2s ee 755 (750) OOS) ODO: NE aes le ety em 22 16057) aneustifolia-=-—-_—-- = aN eee 755 (750) CLONVOSECIY Senn ae eae 159 DAnbicenaices Ske sees ee Es dot (751) TTT See oe eee a ee Bee ee ee 1034 Cali ai ame. 25 estes ee ee 751 (749) MLC CIs Meee ot eee Met Oe kee eee 159 (156) CIECUIMSCISSA=: ate ee ee 753 (749) Danis ieee et ee Ss ee _ 160 (158) COnfeRGINOTa =< one see ee oe 752 (749) oyeayes (Nhe he Ta Re 160 (158, 1034) COSA Attn, Oe. = hee ee eR A we Dag BO 756 (750) ROCUMOUS ee ee ee ke 158 (156, 157) Cnassisepalas-. = = 225) ee cs 755 (748, 750) TUS Dyes ee ae eee Ses - 160 (157) GSECIDIENS#= = Sa en Pe 757 (751) SCHOOL ee eee 160 ETUUUCULOLO Us ee ee SE ee 757 Seslerioidesmean as wee See es Ree 159 (157) GUMe TORRE eae ae en aes 755 (750) SBCLOSU Senne be eer Boe ees SERS 161 fer Gilerie ste eae ete mesa Le ee 754 (749) SDRACOLALUS =e we we ease eee Se ee 160 fl SV eRe es a a et go ae 752 (749) SUD a DIAS See a eee eee een 161 (158, 1034) HUVOCANESCENS <2 = See se 751 (748) LEURUG OTUS ere bene 2S er BPN oe 160 DT ACHIS We ct anne 2) ere Bae yc te 754 (749) UR OTIS ee see Ct Ee BE ay Tee 161 (158) Noloptenrast ee esa on oe eee ae 756 (751) LCG eenee st Swe a See Pee ee 160 (157) RUDI ES eee een EAE eas ES ve ee USS (CM MO ing O10 OT is a ee 208 (213) ANAGQUALAE ss ee ee es ae SS OOM OU BIENGU SL LLIN meee sine 28 Se Re ae ed eee 4 486 (487) ANCCTATLCUA Dart ee ee ES ad MOUM MO VSUOMUGRISet ce. staat we ee 30 (26) ATMOS eee ee eee a Se te, UE OPAL) IPIDACUVIISH Ua kebs 2a a ee Se ee 96 (83) DOAN eee eke ee Woda (eono0) a woachwloctemlum—-2--50 noc ee 133 (81) TUM CTONIG AE ee eee ee re la Phys eX ROGET ENON IG Maik ee a ee re eee 870 TNO CLES fey meena th eo Bae a he OCA CLE) aL LOG ce see Stn Se rs ee ee 453 (480) MI CAL ee eo ace 756 (750, 751) SUDO RAY Meee eee Re ie 462 (21, 456) 1048 INDEX Dalea—Continued. Page Page glopécuroidess=. == =2 2 eee ABO DOM Sie Sin Seek ae ee ee 275 SULTIO GTN Lo ee eee ce 457 oo Dine alias 2.262" 2s es eee oan, ee 374 CNUs e Diphy sass. 2- 22 Se se Ee 466 (430) UU OA ora he eel ae pe ae ele eee 460 Gea Diplach ne 2 se 5-23 es Se ee ee 1 brachystachiyseo5 = ss—= == eee eae 459 (>) Diplonap pus. 22 ie. ee See 899 (919) Galifornical. = 0) 2 eee Diplotaxise 23 site ee eee ee 351 (340) Cally GOS be eee See ee Siemens 458 (454) Dipreracanthy so eee 839 Githisae we = ee CUS (C1529) || JOM OAT OAT UO Coe a ee 193 CIMOD Yin eee ee eee 4571 (454) | Oiscanther@s2eees a= ee 865 filiformis' <2 ©2598 ease ee 459, (455) spisellan 222 = = 22 se eh ae Ween se ee 575 (576) formosa: soe ee AGI (56) 9) Sp ORUNT= eee 201 (186) {PETNONTM Se a hs ae oe eee ee 456454) | DDISLOS1S ea ee ee ee eee ae 927 STA sacs eee Se eee AG1= (456) yest chilis eae ae el a eee 96 (82) rep piles i Pe eee eee eee AGI (456) 5) Ditaxisees Se Soe obey! ee ae ee ee 527 (524) husehinsoniqgs =e 2 ee eee 459) (460) | Withyres a> ae see ee ee 356 es) Apsue CY VULes = eateaie pe Lamia ey eee S AC ANG) (CEN) || JOUR OCs = lachnostachySse s==. == ee Zkete} (Cis) || IDYooen Woes 2 oe 668 665) lag O PUSH esse ne oe ee eee eee 459 (454, 40) Modoniea 22.20. a ole kee ena 1 EW 0s nc et pe eet ty oe aes 9 2 Dolicholwso. 8. 2026 = 0 ee ea lemimoni= 2255)... ee 459 Gs DONG = Oa EL NS ee ald IES oY a) er wk eeepc A ae eta 2 ee ee 459;(455))| Doma. 2253 as ase | eee ae eam am OG 2118 ee es a ee eee AG13(456) | Drabde= 22 2 ts Se os aera 360 (338, 389) TTL O Li See ee a es ine 458 (455) albertiniags— 5: - > a8 re ee TATA ote SOE Sos en cae ee 460 (455) asprella: 20-2 Sete ae ees 361 Gran meomexicana-2 02 hss See ee 459 QUIN C a ee ee 361 (360) OUGIAG ee See ea Ae aa a 462 QUTCIOTINIS= = 2 ee eee DALY a Re eee ree ee 458 (454) brachy Carpas ss s02 es ko ee een en ee 363 G6) poconatherass 2-6 a= ee eens 461 (456) CONOMNIONG- 255) See ee te ee POlyadeniast es Fee ae ee ee 457 (454) Grassifolia. | 02 se eee 362 (23, 361) DOV LOM OG Es eee eee eee ee ee 460 (455) Cuneligliaa==229— =. ee ee 363 (361) PRIN eS: 28s eee ee eee 461 (456) Gilgiana= So EO EUE ee eee are PUT DUR CUS a 2 pee seen Ne ee eee ese 4 nelleniana sass 250s SIS es Vel ee eee 362 (361) SCHO EGA Se eee a Se ee ee eee 457 (454) ANLEOTU OU! 22 oo ee ee ee 363 SCODATIGS S222 ae ae 52 See ee ee 457 (454) MONLONG 4 La Se ee 362 SpInOSa_- == =e ee ee 457 (13, 454) VOL OTUS eee se ee edges Sh ee 362 terminaliss oes) see ae seo eee 460 (454, 455) petrop hil see ee ee ees 362 (360) ChOMpSsOnaes Lt ee en eee 458 (454) platycarpa l=. 2 281 ei Se oe 362 (361) LD 6150) (2 Fe ee = ee, Resa RE SIT 459 (455) BECUUTU Cla ae ee See one ieee 362 (361) RAOUL Ray's Kee Meee ees Ce ES Bee 458 (454) TEDCANS 22 ee oe on See ee, Ae 362 (361) WISTIZ GTN ee ee. Re a es eee 461 (19, 456) SONLOTOG 8 ne So Eee ee eee ae 363 SUvTeL eG Tie ce Te che ce 460 (455) Spectabilis: 22s ss aie! See eee 1035 Danthonia s 3252s) ae Ue ee 109 (82) Standleyias2 2s 222 ae oe ee ee 361 (360) Da pT Os Pee pi cos eee el Te aay eS el 468 DinIdiS). = os 558 tee ee ee ee 362 OSU PROTO. eB oe ae ee ee 1D) EL COCE P Lr Ua eae ee 775 (ery ID ASV lin OMe eee ee 200 (17, 19, 186, 129) Drejeng so aos oe 9a Val ee Se ee eee DASYOCHhIOGSE SS - A ee ee ea a ee ID Ty mMari ase se tees See ee i em 310 (a3) Dasystephanas— sess See ee eee os Drymocallig. 2 2.2.8 susie: Lee eee 399 (400) Da GUT ate et ia See a ee a eee 797, @86)h|_Drvopetalon = eee 353 (340) DOUUDENEONIG 2 ook ee ed ay tbs i ee AGG SD EVODtCrisess_.2 = se ee eee 29 (8, 26) SUL CUS Se ae ibe pees Sees arn ley ne ee ned ge 657. (640)! |SDudleyas 2 = at a ee ee 377 ID elo himiumet 2s eee eee ee SISi(15) | POG oleic Se ee eee 988 IDEeschampsiay ase = ea sen ee ae ee 107,(82).| aD ySchoristes= a eee 839 (838) ID ESCULA INIA Baye ee aA eee oer SRL (GREE BuO) || IDA ESOGIRY ee 991 (874, 876, 877, 878, son Desmanthus 2222 Ake Se eee ATS (418) | PE OTLCOCUS Sta eee ee ee Desmodium: 22 22 8a Soa ee a ee AQ3 (429) "| SHaLONIO = 2 Se Ae a ee ee ANUS tito li ase eee AQSK (494) Cheveriaee 20s estan eee eee lems 376 (374) PW ON Hd 0 ei ra Sle ie ee eal ea Oe A9G | “Chi d ocaiy Gs a= = = es ee eas ee AEIZ OT CUT se ee AQ7a(495)ii| EL ChinO CAC its == eee 599 (594, 1035) DatOCA UO ee eee ee eee eens 497 (495) acanthodes%25 =o = es eee 601 (13, 600) bigelouinees 24 Ss eC ra Ue Se: ee eee 496 COWilleteees hee ea ha ane neue 601 (600) CLHGraSCGNS=722) 2 Tae ee eee ees 497 (495) CMON YU Ss PaaS oS ee Ee ae ee ens 60 CLIGUALITV SS. se Se ee eee 496 erectocentruss 22. s = is ee 602 (600) Sra ams eee ee eee ee 497 (494) Rertrichitc. 222 oe ee ee ee eee 601 OR GMAUMLCU AT Se nee ee horizonvhalonitisess eee ee 599 IN tOrt UM os ee eae 495 (494) ImberbexGuss-2=- s=—te ee ee 602 (600) IME CCAlLC Ie ba) eee San ees Se ee ee eee 497 (495) johnsonik == ~ Coa Se ae 929 (925) juncinvelum_- =. ; 245 1050 INDEX Eriogonum—Continued. Page | Ruphorbia—Continued. Page lachnGg yal ee eee eee 251 ee Horida:. = =e ec eal Se ap ee ee 542 (537) LOWOSy Nese ee See eee glyptospermiaw sts. eh Omee neers 545 (538) leptocladon’ 55 ak ayeen eae 253 (244) sracillima swe eee aes ee 545 (537) leptophyllunie = 22a oe 254 (244) heterophylla ai vee Ae eee 539 (535) TUGCUOU GOES == = ee ee ne oe eee 254 LOY 2 ts eR RE eee UES eae 543 (535, 537) MIGAPNSIS 2 eee ee ee 254 (245) hySsopitolia-2325 05s ye ee eee 543 (538) MACTOENECI TOS = seas ee 253 (254) LN CISA es Se OL ee eee eae ee ee 540 (536) nidulariam+ > 2a eee 245 (239) indivisdosss.. ise so ie ee ae oan oe 546 (537) ORG -2 2 oie ee Aah et Se ee eee 247 (240) JONESIL LE Be ee A 543 GylbicolipboNs 2 bee 251 (243) lurid ane 7 Sale ha ah ead Sa 541 (536) DOllidun 22323 eee ee ee 253 MOCULOLD. 50 Scie es te ae. 543 (546) palmert 2 ae See ea ee il |): mareinatas Hwee. eee ee 541 (535, 536) (OKITA De oe op ee Se 249 melanadenia: 4. -2. eo. se See ed 544 (537) AIT YAS ee tee eS 248 (241) MiCLOMORas 2522s ee eas 546 (537, eh DHATMACe Old Sa ey ee eee 246 ca) TIVO TUE ON Sioes 2225) sale ae en a ee Pinetorunves . 2. sets oe Ocellatas =. lace oapeed. Ta ae 542 (588) Dlumatellas. 5 25 ee eee 251 (248, 248) odontadeniaue ts" = ois ve ieee 540 (536) DOU) OUUUAT SE se ee ee palmeri ah Wet a te rae EL ee 540 (536) polycladonts:s82 232-2 eee 246 (239) SPALL YS 228 ee iat es as a eee 542 (537 pringlet ee Qui eee 253 (244) | pediculiferasss: 9.f sem ips eae eee 544 (537) jOwNotsrbUyonan ates te 245 (239) DULULT CFO: ae Ee BIDE ee ee eat 543 PD ULC ITIL TTOoe oe aa ete Seren en ee 254 PlatysSperma---25 = 4S ee 542 (538) Dulivania tori ee ee ee 251 (243) plummerae: 202. «6 Sen: 2 tee eee 541 (536) pusillames 22s eee 247 (240) Poly carp as... seen ee 544 (537, a) TACOTINO S Li eee =a ee 252 (21, 2438) DT OSUTOLG: & = ee SEN Ee ae ies TOMIOSISSIIIUU TT ee 253 SECU OSENDY LUO) === ee ae TOMILORIMIG Soe ee ee eee 248 (240, 247) pulcherrimas. 22.48 22-< 2A ees Se 535 THOWHUUALO UNCON NUD TOM ke ee 248 (241) DPYCNONNEMOs = cas J ket 2 ele tae ee 543 SAISUPTIOSU Mines yet annie eee eee 246 (239) TAQIANS 02 004 2B Rees Se 539 (535) SHOCKLEY IL: Sees Se Ea oe ee ae 251 Tevoluta ss soll. ee ae 545 (537) SimipSOnis Aoi ee ee ee 254 ee) TODUStAS =a ee a eee 541 (536) Stella uate ee WUSDYINe 2 eat ee ee Je 543 SPR NINS os he 249 (oti) SCHIZOLOD GS = eats ain ele 540 SulCaAtID: 222 ee Sa eee geen 252 (243) Serpens2 2.5 Soh oa Saas 2 Stee ee 544 (538) Ghomasiies = ar ae ae : 247 (240) serp yilifolia sss. 2a 23 = en 545 (538) LOM pSONae ssi) ee ee 251 (243) S@rrula. yes 2. 2s at tee i Se 547 (538) Chun ber cee es he mea io eres _. 249 (241) Setiloba:: Sa.eu be deGe nee a 545 (537) LR CLCIVY GO TUL TI es eee EO. 2M (2.03) Spath ulate: Sit: Us 22 Ses soe a 540 ChichOpPes= == a= an eee See san FEY (CAD) Stictospora-t: 342.5031 e eee 546 (537) ERIS GQ etc erie nell ae ee ee nee oe akin 250 Cr SUBDUDENS 2 sees ee ee 541 GUnDINOtL Tee Jere lee 248 SUPINE! « ree en I ereeade 546 (537) umbellatum_______- : ee 250 (242) CLACHIY;S POT spe ee oe ee 542 (538) williflorum 2222 se ee ee 251 (242) Wermiculata 20.4 228.2 ehh. nee oe 543 (538) vimineum_____ eS 450239246) VET MNOS = 24s See en i ee 544 wether. 25) Sa) | the see eee 249 (241) DETSICOLOT wane os OS ek Ne A ot wrightit =. 5-222 2 2 252519; 238; 243) 244) YOGUAGT 5 ap LE A ERE Oy in ae ee Deo O MAU TboNe Soo 978 (875, 879, 882, 883) | Euphorbiaceae____--_______________ 523 (1, 49, 53, a) ETAT ACIULL Te CRN CEPETGIS)) | IBC) ROR OA: == BT OGUaTIE siete Siete Bee eke ee eee eee 507 co) PU Ploca 9-2 2 ee re ea a TEU COTA Bes peo ee as ee ne eee urObi acs 1. 2 ao ea eee 274 (263) SPY Mei UNS oo as ee ee ee eee 642 (640) HUShOMass22 = 2 We es Se ee ae eee 681 (675) REV SUTIN 2 Me ae ee BE9N(S4O93 64) a Lace Te Cr 7 Cee ee 903 HUET OCa= ee ee Oe SS 675 ere TRU OCUE A. Saat oe oh a a Re Se 734 DE RUA DRA LAT gees oe PR Date ae ee ea gy eee et 1029) }) JUV ee I ee a eae 936 (873) A Ohana ope aks encima rey Sete tie Se ae ye SOL (430) G/B vio liv ett s Caesar eee 704 (698) ry thnocomne-—— 2 a ee ee a ee A04.Kiysenhard tae: =) vs ee ounce eee 453 (430) EschenbachiG2. === ae eee 9315) Pagaceaets © 3. 3 eee ee a ee 223 (47 SCHSClO liz] awe eae ee ne 335) (334) Ragonigse. 22 eae 2 eee es 512 (511) BS alg 2s Pe ER es 2 ee ee ety || MOBO oN oped 261 (236) UC DNGUES = Ae ee Se ee eee O19|sMallugia® ese = ae Sees ee eee 404 (18, 22, coun WuUCHIde] S20 2000 a eee 593(589) | Melicias. 5S se ee 2 a ee ee ee OUCH DIG 2 Baes iN NSE ieee ae Ae a 429) C730) JAR endlera nt. Sse 509532225 ye Ge aa epee 383 (hs) UGS 10 Soe ak EE Se NE i es ae 345) Fendlerellas 224 tae ee ee ee 383 (378) LOD US oe No ed ER ee 626 on PerOcaceus 22522 ea a te 601 BOD Us a Oe ee eS MeStieaite 22 mie ts ti Saas Ea ee 87 (16, 83) UN ONS Rae Se Se PE es en Seo oH OTIZOMICA As eae ky ae eee 89 (18, 21, ep Buoenothérast..v-20 = ees ae ee eee 625 DOPDGLD S235 el So otk es eee he TEU AIG OTT ULTIA Ss et ete 5 ope ean eee 885 (877) nach phyllae se: Soe ae eee oe HUpHOnbia =e eee | eet ae 534 (16, 524) CastWoO0d ite 2 == 35 eee ee 88 (87) abramsian aosss2 5 eles ee a ee 546 (538) elationies 2 3 eel 88 (87) allbomarginatas Sse =o seeeeeee 543 (535, 538) JQSCiCUlaTiScsa ee es eee 133 Fes Ws Ia nay cs NES pecs WN eT 540 (535) PUAPONMIS= Sohn St SLL ee eee 133 anrenicola2.. is. Sto a ee 2 eee 542 OTA Spas a ei ea 88 (87) ATIZONIUCA 20 ek ne ae oe eee ene a 545 (537) TGahOen SiSese) SA 5 ie eas ree ge 89 (87) OTEGNSONG 22 os ee eae Se ee eee 539 me galuTas oA ee 88 (87) bilobatats 2. Seo see eee 41536) ANACT OSLO EN Y Seca ad 88 OE ACHV CET ees sees ee ie es wees 540 (536) octoflorasese 2 ose Fe ee a eee 88 (87) Capitellataye ace Ses ee eee 543 (536, 538) OVIN GLE 3 Wn eB ee eae ae 89 (87) chamaesulacl>: sau ee eee 540 (536) PaciiGatele ees eo er ae 88 (87) Chaimacsy. celta wak: see hanes 546 (537) Teflexa! 82.2. nA CR ee ee 88 (87) Gemitaltayss Se > ea ee 539 (535) TUDI ate Oe al ees on ee ee 89 (87) GICEY OSD CRI ag aso eee 539 (535) SOLOTIBQ 22) Aol eA ee lr 88 (87) CIO ECO: AE aN Aas Siriaas eee oe SOUT. = SEE eect te ae pre Sie ea 102 CT ETUC a a rn NO A Sauce peop ea thtinberis = = ee sah otc esl ae Oe 88 (87) enianthiae 252 25a eee en ee eee 539 ea UO yO OES ama ee Be Ae 936 (873, 875) CSUILECLOTINISS = sae eee SAO | PHU k ee ad Se sea ae a ee ga 30 (31) exshipulatasso es oes ee cg RES iO) (GRis)-|| IMhanloyandigs se 166 (155, 163) fendleriv-.2- esas OR ee eee HAA (538): | Maier aes ee eee eae eee ee 974 (872, 879) flagellijornise === 542" WIOULERSIA ae a Sa eee aes 957 (873) INDEX 1051 Page | Gilia—Continued. Page HO CMICUNUM prt eno. oe ee ee 648 (640) AV Vee ane wen a eee SS 2 en 726 Hlorestienas 2— === 22 _- rea ae oer ee 672 (17, 670) EINISS its pa ae Ae eum ea ae ed 7PAl honsellesi aes a. tne eee ee Le 551 (550) dichotoma 735. e. 25 oe = A ee ee 723 (718) HOUGMieniae sen. 2 ose ee eer 583 (7, 13, 14) CL EMI CH tees ees eee een” Seah e 721 (718) ReiTemerIOCeAe 2-84. Se ee 583 (57) TN lienae ee ee Se 721 (718) LOPS CS Ss ae aan rate a ee pee ie A 396 (389) ifOnmMisees SSe= 55S. a SS oe 721 (717) Bans Chineees eee on cee ea k Sees 946 (13, 872) FLUOCUNCH me ee ee © an 725 naserawe te ee or ee, 680 (21, 675, 681) WLOMUUNC Uses at. 2 ee Oe 722 RU Semen en ee ae ee Le 670 (15, 16, 20, a Piligid CSaeese ssh a ae ee 721 (717, 719) LRT TAD IS he ee a OA BE ete ae 580 PRACIIS Hee eee ee aS oe See. 720 (717, 1036) Hremontodendron =). 3 seas eee ae 580 (8) PUTS OMI see es Ee Sa ee 724 (719) ] ENVevt( TU NES ee i Ba le el ee eee 194 (187) WER UNS OUG © oe oe onan s nee aaese 725 THRO C ne ea ae eS a ee 283 (278) WICONSPICUA! 20-2 =o 8 = tease 726 (720) RICH Sites ees ee ee ES ie ee 620 VOTLCST Reem are tse ay a SN Pare ekg 723 DRFUIMANOLA CAC kee ase Saas eee ee 334 Lait o leyepaee 2 Be See ote eS 725 (719) IHIOAS Others fe ee ee ee Se 695 (688) RE DUOMICKass= 2522 = Sone Te 2 eee 725 (719) GUGM eni OSes ssa ee eee eee ee eC Bs 947 HOMPU OnE ee oe nk ee ee Stee. 725 (719) Gran arias oss se ae ee 989 (870, 883, 985) IMACOMUYI CEs 2 Si Bs oy el Sale 724 (719) (Galactintet. 2-2 sR ee eee ae a ae 501 (431) TVG Gis ews eee es Ts i eh 720 (717) ib SO Rae so Ae Ee ie SES 967 (880) UUM ee oe ie ee ee ee 721 (718) (GGT SOGCOD SIS see aoe eee a eee 971 ANNUM LC AUIS seer Se Se 725 (719) GPea TTI ee Ne os a 849 (845) +O¢q 00 | Bako) cfs Wee ee ea ae eae ey Lee 723 (718) AEC Wee ee A eee tee 852 (850) OCU 7 ee a ie epee ae ee 722 (718) ASMCHUIMUUMA = 2 eee ace E ee eS 850 (849) Molvclad oma s a=. 22 -.2e eee eae 724 (719) Donedlekere 2 sia= eae a eee 852 (850) INURE epee ee Be 5 eS 8 eens 724 (719) prandecei swere seen ene a Se 851 (849) MUN Clatatase eee he eR ee eee 720 (717) ColOnAdOCTISOLs a eet ee 852 (850) UH ENIS (4 = IW uN e Ss OR ae | ee eae 722 (718) fen dleninny O62 1e BN es. See cee 851 (849) Te) AKG (DU Cee has Ss eee Re Se See eee ees 2 722 (718) TTL OM Mya LOTT eer 850 (849) SCHO Ut Renee week oh eeu oe Seer aed 720 (717) STULL LO NELLY eaten eee eee eet Some = SS 851 ScopUlOnWIMe= Se 5-2 = 2555 ook ee 725 (720) STATUS eee a BE 851 SGUGSISSIM diset 2 anew ee a See ee 720 (717) ILOSUIN= tse eee Sa eee 852 (9, 850) Submit dae ove ee oe eee 723 (718) uonlenIM a. 2522 ee a Pee a 852 (850) LOMMMOFAS = f= 22p 2 shoes -- => ss ae 725 (720) OuMnOCkMe se ee ane Ee 851 (849) (HOU Oe) oe See eee Oe ee ee ee 724 (719) SCO LVI eee oe eg Srile(S50)M mGlOSsODeLalOnee = ne ee ee 551 SritidwymMT | --- 2 wae Dobie, a eee ee Shila(S4 9) Ble Guy cehinweaws sc. Sala 2) ees ly Se 89 (83) Uriilonacmme en wee ee Se eee SoZ (Sook | Guyevirmizas 2-2 92... ee ee 491 (429) DULILET IG ea en ee wc een Le eT Sh2n ee Gilyovopletnas S258 ee = ee 1026 (872) SULUS OTIWemi nti ke MRM lcepeeteye ey Capa aes Shie(850) a Gnaphalmamy 225 2 2 ee ee 938) (876) VTS plier a eee ty eles ees S52a(S49)eieGmetaceses 2-0), (45) Galpinisiqumeeent.- Sl ee ho Oe GS2eRGodetiaw = = es 22 Fe _ 624 (620, 621) Gamopetlaes =.= =2 222 225 soea Stace LF Liss (G45)) || Gi@eeholavolce in doi a ee ee oe Dee 688 (687) (Girinisi ol te eet Oe eae aerN G5Sa@lSa19) eeGomplrenal 252222222222 26 ss ee 284 (278) (Galina cetae i Ls Ca Rtn ee sy Ue oe ae 636 cozy) GOnOlODUS 2a tata: ae ree 697 (687) GY O10 CS en eo ee Tie si ee (OOd Veraees 22 nce toe ts. Sei ee ee ees 211 (208) Cray OD hy G ums te aces eee ee 635 (21, 650) Gossip ITNIMNNSe Seka Cae’ Sans ese 579 (562) (GUN AGO eS te eee Pm ee cee eR Grarminedecsena== me ae oe eee 78 (1, 46) Gentiande ees 2028 alae ees se ee Be (Ba (BB) |) CREO AO NOR peane ee Se eee COOMA Lac m oe ie OS oes Bae Be, Yea ae OUEG Ta pLOVeLOLUM sae soe Ps ee ES 376 IAG eee eee = ee te Se SE 67Sa( Gia E RO baAulOlass ose. se aes oe ee ek 821 (801) auare lakes she = See ee oes et GSOR| RGA vel awe nee ewer Nes Se eS ee 274 (263) Darpellapdes 2) peste. Nee ee GASa(67) ihGreenellass. = — 2s a2 ie 913 (874, 882) DipelOyiltes See ee ee GIS (Guia OMLEREOCRUNIS= ena ee 0 SS 753 CLEGONIS aie Be ae ee ee GROMEGMUN OLA em eee ee eS ee 424 (COHEN AINE StS SAE STIS EO a Se Re GsionGuindeliaw 2. eae: 894 (873, 876, 878, 882, 896) TOL WOOCI ser es Bae os eee rhsn Tl ae Oris} (ON) |) CnSGii d= a ee ee ee 385 (386, 387) iNET OMe ee See Se ea eee ee BIS (AB) || CHOOSE ee ee ee 614 OT AMC Sevens oe, 522 eat lege SP cs ie GONG meando ae ess ee lee se ee 040 (879) neTrenosepala. 2. 2. Sete Sg GS) (Bd) || Giles kee GS re ee 896 (882, a HINO RNUNS Gee men aye See No ee Ta (B7kss || EO RUDOOSES Fk eS SO AMTCHOCTIKe |S ahs 1 ee ae ee Bi). (BY | CM CICO NTT C Bae ee ee ee ee ee MOM AMUN As ease ee ee GiSiCSIOTO) ENG MIUItOLONI tesa ee eee Pe 92 (G54 955) DAN VIE eet Ee Wee ea ie ee G7SN(6LO) a GUMULOS Pens aaa ee z 894 SCOpULOnUIM E2224 5 Pee a ee GSO} LGN Ospermae see ne eee. a een 45 SCT UCM see = Seer a ee ee oe Ree 67.9) |Prlaibenanias sare. 202 Seas ee oes Oe BON (208) SiiLetahlongees ao eee eee = eee Oe ae GTOMG TOs LAC KC lideren nn ae ae eee ee Se ees ee 746 (740) SUPeCL Waser net es ee Beko an eee re ee reckelochlogeat= 228s. ee = soe Se 154 (79) Ghenimalisk. 52S tae wee ee ee 679 (6 el eniger ee: aoe ee ee ee 681 (675) WAS IILZE My ees eens aoe ote cst PS (BR) (BD) 4) TEAM ORCA Re ee ee ee 263 U8 CUA 1 Uae ea ale ls BS GZzON(G7/2)F plalum Globus S22. 222 = a ee 350 (340) RENAN ACCACY (v= ac aan ee ee ne ee ee BEM CBDY || TEI SOVO) OETA Te poe ee ee 525 Gi erao des aie: cot ose Sa Me ee ee 959;(88) | Haloragidacese: 2.2224 = 2-2 te 637 (47, 2) Creraninceaee 202! veee seme ele owe ee oe ORD eN Os) i PELOLOSLOCIYS soa = ee ee Le GiyRvanbad ees WA eee Ne Ma WES Ve Geel A) DCMS) a el OS a2 EN ee Se ek ed Ce oe 488 (489) METER tee ee ee ee ga 825 oo) Haplopappus (see Aplopappus). GEV Oe a) = a ee eee RIE, SS Re rae ed Haiplop iyhon tee sae ee es ee 682 AG OUITINeaneye | Sere) ae Ua Ee ee 403 (389) atparonellas= <= "2 ~~ 2.~-- .. 744 (740) Gulieymeseetrs Scab at ae ne oe Se Tal 2) ETOTETRUN Tee ae ne "625 (630, 631, 968) (VOU ONOS Pe 5e aeeean me SMe Ee he cer ee ee FI@GCOMM Ae. Se 8 ee .-... 781 (21. 767) achileaetona=s 4s ee re 725 aa eleGivsanuim hs Sees ee 491 (429, 493, 495, 496) ACCT OCA Owe. fergs See Re a oe Moonee 9) ie | MeL@lOMIUIN = oe = =e 988 (21, 870, 875, 883) UNG MAT aes 8 a pe eee oe See (PAN (GED) (fas VN ea ch ae GE eee aes ee ge 959 (S81) SGI Oni Games 2 = Lek ew wee yee eee cs (oan Lo) mi MeelwemtMuyse. S22 2 yk 955 (870, 881) ashtonae______- eh Ge": 722 SUIDTUUUS ee eee eae ee eee See a, 956 (955) aurea __ Oe BS (718) Snomealuss =o. so- : =.=. 956: (955) bigelovii ee SMG Aly) anidusn= | 52-2 2-4 2 Dae ee ee ee hee ete Bees oh TAL) PUIDCKOSUSY. Seco) et eee es See 870 Oe) esentonuim 222 Cer La ee ie ee 711 HiclichiySuiniecs Ss 2 See Saale eee CPReR are ears OE ad eae eee 710 (708) Teli mens ee ee oot hedenifolia eas a ee 709 IFeliOpsisS sae ses ee ae ee 950 (870, 879) heterophyllas. Sj eee 710 (709) Heliotropium 22.2 == a2 eae eee 742 (740) irsutulat £23. «A eee hes Ae ee ee 711 (709) FICLONIGS ho Gack ee eee ee 188 Lem ONT Nye) 2S Se eee 710 (708) FLCLG PUSHES eae ese ee ane eee Sea ee 142 ICD LOLOMa Sa ecs ts ha ee dee ene 710 (709) Elem carp hase aan I Se 156 (155) longifoliat2 s2=4scce 2 eats ee 709 (708) Flemiptiirin ee a eee ne es 1022 IMUEI Cataltes Sosa eee ee eee 710 (708) TG TINT. Ta 2 te eS ee 968 (879, 881) DQLCT S28 Sane oe eee ee 710 ‘Hendecantna ca yoo eed Ls an 527 PlumMmMeEeraes= S222 Ne eee 710 (708) IBIGHANO GION 2 Be ears Fey te A! 657 oan PULPULACY {Scat eee eee ee ee 711 (709) © erin ann ass ae See eee ees tenuilo bao sss se Sessa eee 710 (708) BS (a imolltc hit, eee eee tee ens ae meee ne ee 312 (303) Churbe riers ass ee else eee oem 710 (708) ELCRDEStIS a ase ae sea Eo Soe Se on eae 822 Crilobae 22262 Pesos al ee a ae 711 (709) EER DERUSIRUUMUS = a See eee sees 490i LpOmMoNsisss ~. Sou ae ee 726 FEES Oe LC Tat ETS eee 3495841): |Presin@ eee Sere ee Seen ena 284 (278) eS pert See ae De Se Oe ee ee 370: |-Eridacenek s= sa. ees ees eae 205 (47) FReSperOGsllis 22 Sheek 2 eee ae ee Ee ISON S87) nISeAse eine Rates aces ie ee 206 (21, 205) ETESPEROCH INO Tle eee = eae eee are 1036) el sani hisses eee eee eee 770 (9, 1) TOS ETON Sosa NS ee ee 230 ISTONC Doe oes ona LS or TETOS DET OY ULC CH 5 ee et he NOT ETSOCOMUGS: Ses Us etn Se a a 907 (908) Heteranthera 222! a we ea ee 8) EISOCTACCAG Ea a= LG 4 a ose ee 42 (24) ILE teropocOneteeae- se eee 153:\@13380) | soetese eee oo) Sine he a ee ee 42 IETS CEOS OYsRI Seen eee ee 963:(88i));(elsolepise 2522 =. eo. See aes el ee 168 TBIQSRONOG- ke ee ee ES sale ets oe S982(878) |e vias Sea easel ee ee ae = 19437673) Heterothniz. i Sh. Se eS A Lae OE eS BACT MCSD = Sake to San. i AR a en 400 (401) en chords ae es Se B30) (Gre) 1 Veeol omit ___ 842 (838) even ites ver set eS SGN net cer ie SAE) ENC DIANOMINE. 2 se 706 (699) IHie@xalectriss2 5-5 ea ee 213 5(QE208))4| PJiaIMGs ia eee ee ge ee 382 (378) HUDISCUSH ee. NE Beer aes 578 (G61F562) a Pa Oniphe Se ee ee ee Seem 533 FEDORA CHUL os ec bere ee ea eee oe cena ete MORES (CV2)))]| Verb fe ate 519 IER eLOCHI OEE Sas2n ee ee ae ees TKO) (CW) De ROOMe — 531 (14, 524, 533) LS Bile Ele wee eens Santee Sint fF Fi 131 (18, 16, 17, ey STOMeS CL asses ee a eee 484 (485) J ERY OF 0) Nt oe eee WO eh Dey ea ee Juglandaceagtsuev8 Ue =. ie see ee ee 220 (47) ERD DUIS: 20a ee ee ee eee 638 (637) JUClaTISte iain oe a ace la aes ae re ie es 220 Miotimanseggias 22652 ea A 27 (421) eon CAC ae eee ee ae meee man ee OR _ 179 (48) IELOMMEISECTI Ase ee ee =e ee nee 885 ee Aba Yah aRVe eyo iS i 75 (46) FLO 210 ee Se nae td ee eee TUMCOVDES 2S Pk EP AED RAR ae 185 Higlacantia =. Sess ee es = ale (a) Jun GUS, s eke ee beh ae aan 179 TR OLCUSE oe Pee Or ae eee She 108 ee 140, 152) ACHIMINALUSo tas eee 184 (181) EL OLOGISCUS = eae ee ee ___. 891 (889) AGCUOUSE & 22> ety ceklas LEN 8 eee ee 182 (180) SET OTTO LOD US econ et Sect heey are ope a ___ 476 (477) OTIZONA CUS He 58a eye ed Re 182 TOD Rinse ae eee Se ee ee ees 975 ACTS Hest hee ile ee gee Wein eee 184 (181) Fond cuisines 104(80) baltiGusiiesey ce eee ese eer 181 (180) PLOT CLG eee mas ies a a 5 eels ea aan a See 400 GRUNTMESCETS ee re ep 18 IFLOTSTOR GIA wees eon ee eee Ne ee oe 565 (8, 562) DULONTUS —wstestas Caster aes 182 (180) (LOS OCK1 Cee SP ee nee eee 447 (448, 449) COMDESETIS =at ee ee eee 1 TEV OUSE OMIT Sete cece asl ae eat ae 846 (21, 845) COMMUSHSHER a eae ee eee eee 182 (180) FLUC CLG eS Ee Sie ee ee ee 718 ep COOPETI ee | eae oe eee eee 182 (180) RUN Ss Ok Se eS 5 RRS BS eS Soe ey eee drummon iia ss ee eee 181 (179) TUG CHIN Saeki 4 Bee) is) Gudleyit a2 sols ao .P ee ae 182 (180) IEUtChinsonig sore 53 a eee CAISTIS ere omsicad Sci. ee atop eee 181 (180) EL yibambhUSee 2 se aC i ee ae CNSIfOMUISS 594 heel e ee 184 (181) LED COSTES Se BC ee ee he ee 207 TM CCRION ses Bed ee tee ar ere tae 182 (180) Tay; EO CHAT ACE AC ee ae ee 77 LONPISHYIIS= 2 sees taba eee 183 (180) iy drocotyless 22s ee ee tae ene 641 (640) MACCLYe Fe e S LMR See 183 (180) TATU OTOUE GS: 2 0S ot Wek i ee eee eae en 738 THACTO DhuyllUShues are ee ene eee 183 (180) Eby drop liv aceec eee en 728 (58) TMAT SIN AG USES = See ea ee ee ee 183 (180) Jahyolroyoyardllipomnls = = 729 (728) Merbensians- 252 ee 184 (181) ELAS TUDE TUCHEIVG TLL TT Uae sees eae 992 (993) TMEXICANUSS ro ee eS ee en ee eee 182 (179) Euyin en ocledie 22e wou ian Be 944 (15, 872) MUCOMLCLICONYULS Eames = ees ae ee 182 Eby enopap puss === s== sama 975 (872, 874, 882, 980) TOG OSUS! ee ee ee es ae 183 (180) Hy menothrixs]- 2) .24 2a ee eee 977 (874, 883) DOT OWS Se ela ee a le a Se ee aN en Rt 986 (987) DOTVUPLOT UG eA. Naveed RE SRE ee ae IEE OS CV ANUS = Se See hd Bee ee ee eee 786 SAX © FOG cL S See ee 184 (181) TTY OSCTAS 2 BES A 22 Ae NY Nee ep eee 1020 SCLOSUS RES SANs ee a anes ys One a ee 1 Ry. Peri CACCAC Ssh ssa nse ae an ae ee 582. (53, 2) sphaerocarpus__ Wicd ao tat hs Ch SR a a 182 (180) IER YORI CUM ass So a Nie ee eee SPICOUUSI ees oso pos EAR ee ee 185 FLU DOD UY S Mee Oo oe en ee ele ee Fr LEN UA SS orien 5 eee oie iS 2 ee ee eee 183 Eby POxdSS: 4202 5 ee ae een ee 202 CORTE year OF Cee Soe ee a 183 (180) Ey PbS es es 2 en eee 785 788) ETACVIE 32 Al da ASR ee Cee ee 184 (181) Tphervillea is saek ee 252 eels ie Mee iene ERUTICOT US oc eh BUG Se TEES eee 184 eg NRCS od EASES IG Ye nn oa Iphioidese-<- 222 oe ee A 184 (181) 1g be Nash: eee eee ee tee eae ee 572 ES UIT CRU Seen eae eee 68 (16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 59) WEVCCEDTANTIUN aeons = DEES, Au eet Pro U AWARD helio lets wees ee SMe we egeen Pri hi ieee ee 870 nmiperatas® <=Ses ee oe eee JAD CTO) a] JUSS Iaea he he SONS aa ee Nera es Seen 621 (620) ndis oferaeewe <=> a= ele oa eee 449)(430) ashen ek eee EN Se a ee 839 TNgenhouzias er Oe aL oem eee yO) |) IelliprOe Le ee 513 (511) Trullaes aoe c oa a ee 8701898): | eKellopoiaen sae eee eee 847 (846) LONI a goes Se Ges oes te Fee de Se ee 5 Kentrophyta INDEX 1053 “ Page Page pga an 5 Se ee cs PALES 7d Te) eh a a 765 (761) Ripepeininte 2 es Care GUIS IC 2 as ea aes ee ees eee 211 (208) mnchrnieneene 2 ~ 556 5a a ee ie ot) a tibneplragmin. 381 (377) eacieranteee sens Sect = i 106 (82)-| Lithospermum.______..--_.___..-- 760 (21, 741, 753) Seeing 3 ok Ss ee ee ee eee SAN GOS (RCC 7 nae ee 588. (51) 7 7 Rae ot ys 2 ers 1OAUNGTON SO ro pelig. = 2 Pe 868 (866, 869) Figgas kis. ees 32 : Abo AG gO) A LGDEHOIGCAG. en es ee 866 (55) alae ee. a st eae Bosom psociinginn .) 25 "sos ee ee 311 (303) Pi ee ss ee Meet TP HMOBESEN A ee ees 728 (712) [SSCA a i ees Seon) ee DPATIAEAR. en 674 (58) IL DUT Cn_ Se ee eee eee 1028 (870, 871) ‘Efrtiti.__ 33. ee es ee ee ___ 105 (80) DT LT= 2 LS) Se ee ree aes CViSie sia Lomaium = 2 655 (641, 654) Mantra teen ee ee ee SMe ere SRN PTL CNOTIBINC em 480 Piamprapurarimna oe ee 2eO5" GOS) ) | bak ere tl cw eee a es 857 (8, 852, oS) SETTING Tad ae ae ee MATA LO) PLO DNOCEN CIS! ee ee Siasiianite eee se Ne ee ee ee Boo Sep loLocarpuss—-2) = 52 2s) 2. se oe Laphamia___________- 972 (872, 874, 877, 878, 882, 883) | Loranthaceae_____-_-_-_---------------____- 231 (47) eiapisia =) ee ees ee SMO TAT iarnsies oo 445 (431) inarrens st oa ee §12 (13, 14, 15, 427, 428, 511) SUPTETIESE CT Ree eae eee 447 (446) ALG SAIS see ee oes ee Sa ee 499 (21, 429) (LINEN ACON IDR a ee 447 PE TULTA Eg Ta < See os DS ae Se ie ne ee 625 (631) TRE Si eed ea ren get Se 448 CSOT cts ae eS Silene eee at epee eee 968 (877, 880) PRET RIS tp i Fe ee 448 (446) Ph Sih. eee Se se 141 (80) Hana Saree es eae ee 448 (446) Sypruaminosae) 620-5 = 412 (1, 48, 50, ope TLE eae SE sae eee tees SOM « aeaber ae 448 LF TPOS PET I ay = ee en © ee ae ne HGMMSIT ALIS. ae eo 448 (446) ie nMLIT COGETEUS es Ee ne 08 lpnpebracteatus:<_-22- .- = 2250-2. 2525% 449 (446) qaqdasr een Me ea ne ee owe eee 176 (175) PELLET REIS 1 ee eee nO aioe ee 449 (446) PEE CE ee le eee ee ee 175 (46) iniee eres Se ee oe ee 448 TOT DT 2 i ee oie Se en 659 (57) HeBMeMCAnis= 252i. ab eee 449 (446) TEDSTER OTC et ee a eon oe 1021 (871, 1027) ebicncioluSs— = >. 5. ee 446 TLS TIT e (Sh ae i es, od Spee Se eseeeeaee S 775 (768) BIGUOIGCS se se Ee re 449 (446) EPIC See ee = ee ee ee aS 951 PU UETAUALS ee ea Re Le ee 449 SEER ie = os a er a ete 617 (618) ROUSE RSTET TANAIESS yes 5 ey) 447 (446) CET ree See rao er ee Ee 345 (338) TE CEE TE EAS Sie eee ne le ee wet 448 (446) TEST te 2 ee ee eres 347 SAISHeAROSHSS= —6 oeee ho sr Te eee 448 (446) Dor Te a 348 ULC CUTE: | es See RO ae Oo eee 448 (446) ED TTT [10 a ee 347 PCP EL Me ee eS ae ee 447 TEST Fi cree ee ey Be ee 348 (346) ERIN DET INS 2 Pk a FS Pe Se 448 Gels eee ee a ee eee 346 Read te ees ees Fe eee 2 ee 448 (446) EPEC Alt 5 ere a ee ee ee Sif SERLOM MI bre ce bea lets pice Se, Oe Seo ween Beaty aememet ies © 621 (620) EORUEUOT a Ye SLL Peri Hise es we le. 2 A ee 434 (21, 428) LUST a eee a ee A eee 348 AdUunCUSH en s= = a eee Je 438 (435) SUCEMAOIIE = ae ee 347 2d See sat Bn be ee ee 434 MOUS eS ee 347 BABESITAS ee ae ak i EA 3 Oe a 440 PSIGCAn OHS. < o- eeee _e e 347 (346) ECTS aS oe 2 a= Fn Ss 439 (436) “CEE LT TELS 2 aera ele mR 348 (346) ATIC Sete sash. he eee hoe ge 436 (434) SEEVELEN ESCA CCE es Sere ee ie fs Se PN 347 (346) ALDI Cee eee eee ee ee 439 (436) CE) C)LETECE EE £1 1a a eee a 347 (346) inaeniee f on ee ee ie es Be 439 (436) PerONALGTINe | ss es 348 breyacanlises 22 = a eee 437 (435) hha Lo | Se ee 359 CDI NS a sae Sie ee en ee re Salawenie a ee ee 346 GhilwAnnensis= 822 8 oe GT CTIe a a eS ae ee 347 (346) COMCINIMIS 2 = ee 437 (435, 136) DORIC Dee ore = et os 348 WISDETSUS = ae oo 2 Sn ae So SUA ee Eee ee NS 347 AOD TTITS [oes ee a ee ere oe 438 (435) epidospartume = 2-2 229. ee ae 1003 (876) Rat gp Bre RA wy at 9A ws Ss 439 (436) LE FOU TT a ee ee ae eee ae 379 iunclweands= 9 Se ea 438 (435) CTO eee te = ee 930 TTT) ee lee a ee 439 CTR OCMILLS Be ee = oo on Re ee ee 646 PIER INOVULILUS te A Ses 437 eyerapettets ee = 2 = ee 132 (18, 78, a RACE ee oe eS ge RASS 437 (435) Wet ONACGHLODe == ee ee NOISE Pe ee Ss Oe ee 438 (435) Hep Lolo mate = ee et ee 142 () EC toh ee Se 438 (436) EDO DMNA Lie oe i ke TTAPCUSTAUIUS 0 oe ee ee 438 NS ODLOSET 2S en ee 8 ae el eee 1098 TULER Day Sin te es ee eee 437 ET OSYNC Re Re oon ALR Re ee ee 962 CLOT WHS en ee eee ee 437 ce) epioinenines cs 25s eae. 2S ee 654 (641) DEI Hy a eee ea Fel ME ata eT eae PIRACY AY Snes ee Ng Dae ee 134 ON LOPS oe ae, ee ee 438 mecquerella te 4 no 357 (338, 339) OS bETTO TRUS hes ele ee ee Sd 439 aeSsin ran oso Se ee 912 (877) gota eTAme see eens Ree oe Se a 439 (21, pd SRSHCMME YE. 2. a = Me a oe 997 (879, 880) URE ENaC tne ee ad ns HGPUICEPEING Soe ow oS eee ee 919 (920) PILLOWS ee ee ees eee 138 SUCHOOCIINUIN: 2.5 2-5 eee 189 ISS eke oe Se ee ee 437 (435) EEIECODSMPLM = a= ee 913 iE Nee cies Se SES Se) Sa eee 437 (435) POIROT IRE ee 2 oe ee 920 SETI CRIS ee tres eager ee ee 439 LS Es Se ee Mente ete oe ees or a 299 (297) Slagekle yarn ee eae _ 438 (435) LS ee sae Senet S 893 (870) SiO PSR tet oe eee ee ee 440 (436) Silent 870 SSIES OELES ee Ses Se 436 (434) Wolprapaeiiee ee 649 (640, 650) Si OCNATOT Ri a ee Se ere 434 shea psisses Saee foe ee 648 (640) SHIGCHIONGUS= = 5—= -- et 436 (8, — HTN ACCC ees BR oe oh 185 (46) GERGUSIS eee Se ewe err ee ete abe Se nie enn Sg ee ee UC GRE ON Wy 1 an 185 (23, 179) DAT ee ee. eS ee LAR nti 4s Sa eee ees 314 (303) ATIRONnC IB oe a 2 eg Ae POOn(@IO) a Gayctim. 2). 787 les 15, 16, 786) aSnmoselia se SS -S = ha e 823 (801) | Lycopersicum______- : = 786 One eS ee ee eee pee EOL CES LEE CEG al ‘784 (767) LOCAL TI 2S ee ee ee See eee ae 721 (722, 723) | Lycurus_- mete oe a(S) Tg, ee a ea ae ee 802 (800) | Lygodesmia__._.____________________ 1029 (16, 871) BRITA ye es A a Se Pe SS eee Rafatioe) i Porgesrpa2 S08 356 (338) TAROSYUNISES M2 228 5S ee S07 (006-910 223003) |-Tmvsiiama __.- > 414 (412) LETECY EE et Ne Ged. he i Oni ee a Mama = tee Nee INE CSE GAAP URHNACHIA ce cee ee 668 (665) 1054 INDEX Page | Mimulus—Continued. Page Toy thraceae assesstass sdbeceeeet te sale 618 (50, 54) ) MOSUGUS| soe ae eae ae 821 (819) Lay thriinn, Nero geen a aan cae 619 618) Darryle PSs oe ae eee 820 (818) Moacdougdllas 2.25.0 oe 985 DOD UG nL Se Oe ene ae Machaeranthera__---- Pie oe 921 (922) DLO Suge Ess Sieben Coes pele Some Macromeria.21 22.2.2 ben ee 761 (741) pHlloldes 2 ees eee eee 821 Co Mathenends ss. a ees ae §06 DHONODNYUUG 2: ee ee Moerorbyniehig:s2-5-. -- = 1030 csi) Pupebaluss ss ee el eres 50 Miter osiphGnine === ne eee Pibellas | Sse See ee Saran) Madronelia_-------- Dee EES ess Se isk ee gee 821 (819) Manunin = Aus Sa eee See eseee 332 BEE Sateen ee ae eas eh iVinlacothrix= eee - 1024 (871, 1019) Se ee Eo NWalaxises=22 525222252 seeetesaisiasessosste 213 (208) == SES: - 286 (288) Maléolmia....___- Jil ten wRele ema. aan 370i(340)) | Miscanthus. s.) suet eee Fe 78 WWE pighisee hoe se es eee ee ee 518 (53) | Mitracarpus Ne aan eee ee "848 (846) Maélva._--=-==2=22-==22252222= BYP Gian EPH OS) | MOEN CE ces See ee ee 802 (800) Nalyaceies Seki io lite See ee 561 (53, 56) | Moldaviea_______ Lhe ay aie nee 774 tres Mal VASenlimi- == eee eae 573 (562, obs, 571) NOLO ee ENO Sen DoS UEP ilies 996 Mbmmillarias =2.5220 2 bes eee 603 (594) Migluceellaees = 272 Ne eee eee 775 (73) agerepata-2= 20 t54 eae ce el eee eee 605 ee) Mionand a2 ci iiie 08 Si ene eee 780 ee Ge alversonile 322 SaaS ee Pee ee 605:\" Monardellas=s: 5. 2s he ea. eee 4 (7 ALIZONIC Ass 2s ee oa ee een oem BO Si(G035 2038) | WNC CS sie eee 662) ie i) Darbatavcl Sues Jens a eee MIO MINN a ees ea ene ene eee 23 (51 chioranthas= See eee 605 (603) | Monocotyledoneae_..................-___2_ a ESCE fee eee eae G05) | EMEC Hol S515 ea eee eer eee ee 267 (262) eGngelmammids se ee Oe ee MilonGpiilO neve ee oe eae 914 (877, 882) fascloulatas <2. 2s 2 22 G08 (G04) ENC Orit ee 972 (973) hey Geri. 2 = 2.222202 a HDG ANGOS) ae arto be pees oreo ee 660 (659) macdougalii Re ROR a fa eee eee IN: G0Gs(603) | EMiontines 2222 Se 25 Sea ee 301 (297) qT SAG sce eS ee eee 605(604)): SIVNOPACRAG Se Soe So ee ee Ser i ee 228 (47) il efOCar pas soe — ee eee GOCTGAS604) ni shtorbomiae seme aes aes ee oenes 551 (550) OliVd abcess ee ee GOGH (GOA) TUS meee ee ene POPyTOCOniiGs. 2 ee GOSs LOZ aie OSes eet ee eae ee ee 532 PecunVatas =. -9 in oo So ee G040(603) 7 Mita ernie naa eae meee 113 (17, 81) robustispina______.___- 2 cel ae eee 604 (603) Hadi bat: ee aes Sn Ea ey BE 117 (114) Uetrancistracc cops Roose eee 605 (604) APDLESSAz = sean eS es 1034 Wall CONGR sae oe eee whee ee er 606 (604) BTONaCeae vie Meo Se ee A eee eee 116 (114) Wiinihoteeccs2s soe eee eee 533 (524) Arenicolass ae. es a ee 120 (115) Wiha 2 Sas oes aoe ee 864 (861) arizOnicd- 22 224. ns Se ee 119 (114) Man cananthuseee cece aea ce ae eres 789 (786) asperifolia. 2. ew le ee 116 (114) Marilawnidium__.__--__- ee ee 2 2 ae 739 TOVIS- © toe ata oe ae A ee a ee 1034 Mart ubiamae see ond ee oe eee 772 eee) Giliatas 2222 8 259 SRR hee set eee 115 (114) Ay OEY eos [3h apt ee i Seen EL Np COMO Sea ie tn Leek ues ear e oe 117 Wiarsildatenge:. iu... 0s sae a een 42 (04) COLT eu CONE: eeu ecm Cope et Et 117 (114) IMIArbyaiiaen 2 oe ot oie ai nS eae 83 depauperatac. = Se ee 116 ane Martyniaceae.____-_- a EA ak le aoe a 835 (56) GUbIOTd eS 332 See ae ee i 118 (115) VATA EP ce TNS eee eC ee 99 CUTTY OS oe ke LS OE a ter a ae a 116 (114) Miatricaniaa 3222s snus eies 998 (870, 873, 874, 878) Emensleyisol! = SnGaie sa ee eee 120 (115) Miaurand Vane eo oe ape pee 804 (800) filifOrmis-== ee ee ee 116 (113) IME GICHE On wore Sete ee) Soe 5 eee eee 440 (480) fOMOSR 2 eo ee Ee ee ree 118 (114) Miegapteritims 22.23 oF ote i ee 625 clavca. ah ea eee ee 117 (114) IWeCGStOChyG 2! G22 5 ol) aie ae ee ee 133 OF OCIS. S25.) CS Sis OTe el etree ee 119 WMeIDOTNG <2 55 eS SUR ene eee 495 (496, 497) gracillimas 22. =< Ne eee 119 IMAGE Veoh oovoltipion. 2 2 ee Se 941 oy huachucandgh eee 117 IMICLONODGHUS 2 a ee eee 396 LETRTONA see A pee 117 INTO@LICA 2 S's oe eka Oe Iota ee 97 (83) longiliguilan: 522 3) ae ee ee ee 118 (115) INTSTH OFUS=20 Se oe aah SEU aoe 441 (430) IMIGLOSPCLMVA: ete ee ee 115 (114 NA CHINGGS 2 Re we Bee I oe Ne 695 Mmrontang- 3 See ee 118 (18, 21, 113, mes IMI avznaay oyey Se Se 696 (688) mMonticolat=-—s5-- = aa eeee eee ee sol NIVECLOS TIVOT Ac sae Se, Eee en pay ee 770 Dal Cll ORG. sea ae ta ee 119 (113, i Wienispermaceae: = 2 = ae ae ee 233 (53) polycaullist.2 = 222 2 eee eee 119 (115) Menod orass2 2) a5. ee ee ~- 673 (670) DOLGCTI si ee eee 119 (113, 114) Mien thate : Joes ee Soe ee ee 785 (769) DUNGenS as bee nee 116 (113, 114) Mem tZe lia e 2 wea 2 oe es ee 590 (589) TACCMOSAs 2522S ee aU 118 (114) IVICHIONT oa. ee Sk De ee ee ee : TEDENSS 26 Le ae eae 117 (118, 114) WMierlensig-t2.2. 2 et ee ae ee 747 (740) MICHALASOMIS epee eee 117 (18, 21, 114) IMetastelmasz (2455 22 695 (688) MIG ONS! tesco ee Ae eee ee ee 118 (21, 115) UVAG CT CULES eee a ee Sy ati 2 379 WL Cl ee es ee ee 120 (115) WECrOSETIS2 = 32s See Ee ee 1020 (871) SCHON MCTI —.— oe ce ee ne eee 116 VIG CEOSIS yatiallo Ty UT eee eee ee 350 ORS) SUUOTROSA ome Ss. as we Nee eee ie yee 117 Wier 0stenis 22822 Se BS Si eS Saree eee 720 SVLV Ab Ca oe see eels ee ee ee eee 118 (114) Wiicrostylis 2S. Sao 2 ee Se, cee 213 TEXAN alee Se Sere ee eee ee ee 116 (113) VEGTEZAGS = So EE a op BE ee 737 thurbert. 2 20 ee eee 117 (114) Malti? 2 228s 5 BSE ye 121 CORTE VI GaSe ey Sets 119 (18, 113, 115) VET ae sees 8 Se oh i cs Sern ects 193 (187) UGS oo 52 en ST ee ie eee oe are Sa 117 (118, 114) Mintetanthe:22 se ae 822 (801) UOESCY CVO ere Re RN eee ee ees 120 ING TTIT OSE Sa sre hee ad) pene 417 (9, 413, 416, 419, 420) VITCSCONSe > se os ee ene ee eee 119 (21, 115) Iatrroavenyonte eeve\_ 2 412 (48, 58, 54, 56) Wil ohn Ge te ee eee 118 (21, 113, 115) VIGINOSOPSIS a= ee ene 418 Xero philay 2: ase ee eee 120 (115) VEVTINU WS 229: eo ee ee Se he ene SIST(SO1) 4 MVianrOaes ok Se ee ee eee 139 (80) DIZelOWile se: wee aos Se ee ee S20)(808) = AACS Cart ee oe et a en ee 379 Gardinalishs2=i Bile ee ees eee SILO (S18) WPA OS Of Signs ee ee 740 (746, 755, ae oA COLGAGUS SESE oe oe eles ee ee $20: |S My OSUTUSE.. f= ee ee ee dentilob usin ee eee eee SOI S'S) wet ALN Tara oe sy a (637) CASEWOOGIAC Soe eke eLearn e SIOR(SIS) | VIG TIO MLCT ISe ss eee ce Se eee eee _ 36 (87) ibkoinloybna ve le Rieke ee ae ee S27 (B19)i | INaiadacese. 2 2 46 ee hoe Se eee 73 (45) GOYEN IS rs ON es Se Yeti COOH aN ike Cin ece es eRe ae uade Be See Se 75 (73) glabratiste: 2o sie Sa eee aan wee 820 (SES) eI carne ee gree a eee area ee 738 (728) Suttatusses sowie ls ees eae Sees SO) (GIG) ||) ANCOR ee 350 (355, 356) TATA UI ROT Se i rn eS eae ap OLIN Dhan eee ee oe ew ee 717 (720, 721) INDEX 1055 Page Page PST PEST( Ns on ec ae a a ep ai eae Or EIU WT CES ats aoe ee Na ee 870 Biemisciadiisns =, ee eee SS Sor (800) |Oligomeris. ° >= 374 USPS) Sy i Se ee C00) Olney a 2. tee ei ee Se 466 (13, 14, 430) Beahtees © Se eee Fe FOES) A OTT ee epee 625 (627) LS [STACS Ee Sie Se id ee oe BERET AD ZS SIAD RACH ACTADPARS 285. 2s 2 ee 620 (51) PETITE 5 1 a ce a SO ee ee DIG ROO DOTCOH #2. 2 a ee ed 870 CFP ELT TAs ot ae as ERE Ee EO DAN MONOS IROOM oo ee 3 a 761 aE oe eee ke Re ORE Fae 114-4769) (Ophioglossacese. 8 =. 2 24 erage fe oS ee ee Opliopiessnm =) 2s2 =) 22) 25 (9, 24) Pvcotansae ee ee ee EEN (eM INCI) 9 poe ee nS eS Te rE S 211 Seance <2 eR ee Aaa) MO THUSLET ee ea Le ae 1 eee 390 ilenrssaetanirkes = = 5 ee eo Es ol tPA le BGT EE ty Leen Se ere ee a 607 (594) LUCE ST = =a eS 8 ies ata eee ee ae a STURT Cs CSS Ree ee ee 615 (15, 610) “PES PEL a aie i elie eens CAS eels 199 (17, 19, 186) TPIS ee ee Ee 613 Tyr Pepe ie la ae ew aaa US: 390 SUE SGT tere ree ee ee oe 614 (609) 2 DOT Sy ee re Sed eee 39 (27) eres ee | Nes a 610 (607) ASchenwormiana 2. Pee ee 40 So risTanr is wee See = eke ee 610 (13, 607) pain 2) eo ee ee 40 (39) Beetle en 6 pe Ss = 615 (13, 609) BOSTON SIS Se ee 40 OTN [VICI pi ee eee a a ey a eal 613 Pe LTR LTC, See i eo 41 (40) TLS 0) 5 Ve ee ee 611 (608) POLNEREIISER ee en ee ee ee ee 40 OER be eae ee i en ee ie Set St 613 ret hy i 2 ee eR, a ee DE Sees 41 (40) UIST, ee 2 De 6l1l RDO ee ee a ee 41 ALLE ETEAY Oa EE ech 611 Dabericon: 7 0 ee ee 41 TS ee Se eee trop Tee 613 {OCS he een ea Peer ee 41 (40) echingearpa 2227 Aye eee. = 615 (13, 15, 609) erat ers ee ee ee 41 (40) SLURS. CC eg eee ee 613 (14, 608) seiteoute oe 8 Ue ee eee 41 (40) RAST eee ee ae ee 611 (608) TS (Ci ha Oe ees oe eee i ee 41 (40) HES ORT ese a= Oe hs ee 612 (608) C2, Se ae Ne ene ep ee eee 41 (40) Aaa UNAS ete tS ee Se fe 610 (607) SLAUGHTER ep Seelkae ee eae 40 (39) Fyal rag ye een Fe a 616 (14, 15, 610) Ee ee ae eee 41 (40) SL CEST DN Sea ae ep er Sear Oe SE, 612 (608) Ninihoscendmit =o == Fee 192 (187) COSSplei ati nee eee ek ed ire 612 STi baa Rae = Ae 870 Hig SAC eet eee oe a ee 611 (16, 607) LL EVERITT ELT Ee 2 i Ss a Se eee eee BE 593 kunzei___-_ ee Sete I Te 614 (609) Niyelanimncede ©. oles. fe ee 284 (48) IBY => oie San ee ee 612 (608) ONSOTLE? eee ere ee A ee 270 (271, 272, 273) TE DLOGAUIS 5 ee et ees 615 (15, 609) SIDSTCTI ee Os See aN ee 332 (333) LOUTTR Pee = ee ce en 611 SCIP freee terete es A ee ee 974 PRACT OCCU sre oe So 2 en SR 612 (608) UVSC TTE 57 2S eee oe ee ee ees ees 624 (16, 620) pO SPC FEU be Se Se el eee ee a 613 (609) PIN GHIS2 ee ee soe See ee 628 (625) HABA aire eros 2 613 (14, 15, 608) ETE) CT le ee eee a), 2 ee ae 633 (626) (iio le ee eee eee 611 (608) DIAcChy Caria. = 8 SA 631 (625 pelgneingha tes Ss eee ee 610 (607) Rarecyapiene 2 ee ee ee 634 (627) LTCC dt a ae ae ees 613 CAPS GSEs Rae he Se ae Se 630 (625) (CUC CT eee eee meee me 613 (609) Paradinteyiiic 2 5 bso See 634 (627) SULTS | He a ee ee ee ee 611 (608) chamaenerigides. > =e 633 (626) TAMIOSISGHT Ae ee ee Be 614 (13, 609) PinvAGIOTMIS ee tee ree ee 635 (627) OPUS CS ee eee ae a aoe ae 611 (608) Saft 7 ee 5 es SEOs Se eee eee 628 SSE ee ae ee ee 612 (608) COURT eee ee ee 633 (626) SOUS) ee So oe ee ee 616 (14, 19, 610) “COL PDEVG) G1 ECC FE ean ei a 628 (625) SATO) Wile = 4 oO ee ee a 614 (15, 609) deroriicans. = 2 Pt re 633 (626) SECTIOCI ery eta. en ke eee 611 delipides sa ee ee 628 (625) SCTETRY C7 0e: Oi me cela ae ee Se cee 613 CU DUIDI LCS oe e ee e e 624 PB PSTICTUN & TS =e ie eee ee eee 614 (609) CPT he 1, eelegll t e RR ae 631 (625) HOTELS 0 aoa Bie eee ae ae ean 615 (610) TES FAs eee nee dee ee DE 632 (626) DETAR SIAE MUD So Se ne ee nem 613 Ty 72 tat be ea ee rene eee 632 (626) | EET Ee ee eee 611 (607) Sri Oe es 627 | JES 00 See ce ees 616 (14, 610) NOGher ee a 8 Ae eee 627 (625) | sie C2 Vee ee ee ere Mee Oh el a a 614 ITI Ne Pee 627 WI pleien hone eee ee ee 616 (609) komihiana Ooo ee ee es 631 (625) VT AAPL YA yee be er ee SO es We 614 (609) Sipatidays sr oer ee eS 628 (625) | Pending 207 (46) Liisa et Da 25 SPS Se AN ROP MROLC Rae ee pee oe SS Ge 210 lavandulaeiolia. = Pepe (Nl Me ee OT ee ee 395 lepiccarpa- =.= ot Wa) ereourOnn 2 oe ee 299 (300) ioupena. 2. = ha ee Boa te25) yp remeron 751 (752, 753) CERI Hts 2 2 = 23 Se ES 633 (626) | Oreochrysum___________._____ 905 aaRES GAMERS ee GsAuGo | ClcolnOne ~ = S en ee 207 MEGINERICATION © = CEE. Veer” a ee BIONG2G eI OLeO kisses ee eS et ee 649 (641) oligo ee ate ee ee G25 (626) ) Orobanchacese._. =. 836 (55) pallidwins = 3 ae eee faves a Meromemene Fe 836 Dang eee eas Ne GasG2r) a orenoOcarpuEs: - 22a Se ee 831 (800) penigerds. "thar eee ee febien), ) eryeasis. 2 123 (16, 81) SLOCCRH ENS oes OA ee ee een ee G2eNGes) fh Osmonnivans 2226 ene 643 (640) ICSCENS = 5 eS Bee ee ee DOS ROSA. SO Oe Ee 25 (26) WELT ATRLETIEY =. | See oe ee Beta Stigowe en eer WR en (ae 221 Tee ee «= Ae a: Se ee 635i(626) | POsahGacsae. 2 508 (53) FOScdee ns - -. SOo SC ee ae eS PSL | CERN Fo] (GE a eae 508 SLCC, Se re de 8 Oc. G2962b)) 1) Oxy baphus: ..... - 8 288 (285, 287) Scapoideae st ao are ee ee 634 (627) Oxyria_ 2 ee IE Se ee a aa SO 257 (23, 236) Serre B= 2 a eee Pe 632 (626) Mewes alts, kit Se 943 (S873) Ce C1 deel a ee eee ae el Se, balan Sa 630 (625) ieepet et ase = __ 238 (236) SEIPOSR eee oo > a eA ee GOS MOXVETODISS 22 2 ~ 490 (21, 412, 431) GATARACOIGON 2. 7 es oe ee eee CORE GN ET) 59 1771 1 ae Se 550 EYICHOCHI Kae) Ss TEA ee er ee ey (te) | een gCOMnEs 8S 625 (630) PDT AONE ee ene Le PR ee Pe Toye LESTE 2h 01h Ur eh: Vee eet ea a 550 Li: TRE Sd OS en tha ee , Se ANE P22) Fos) SS Aa 411 (412) idewinndine t-te oes re, aS ee oot th COLE) By | Le EE Sa Sn §22 (801) RAC EG = SE a2 5a OR eae Yea ERCON CLES AY! Le CS GN oT eke as as Se 977 (875) 1056 INDEX Page | Penstemon—Continued. Page Palmaot: is 8 soe ee 175 (46) laniceolattiss 22s ont yao eee eeeee 809 a ‘Palmerocassigs. 2 ee eee 424 elo ph yilus: 22282 sae hee aes geen Panay 22. bo Se eee 638 LeNCUS2 eee SUR hes eee eke eee 814 (308) Panicularigss 222 Sek eee se ee ea ae 89 (90) linSrigid esse eee eee 815 (22, oe IPaniGum 42 Ae ee eee 143 (79) IMCLCOL Csi: RUE EE CL ae arizonicum: 2-52=2 a aaa eee 145 (144) microphyHus = - ase aos ees 809 (308 barbipulvinatum ROSES ae eee UA 145 TTUUNUISE to ee ee oa bulbosum: 222/222 eee ee 146 (21, Fai TUG flonus2 22-2 = * Perea 813 (a7) Califonnicumecos2 22 soe a ee eee oliganthus =>" a= 2828S eels eee ae 814 (808) caplllare- suse e les ee eee eee 145 (144) oplianthusss = ot eee 812 COUNGEUM 5 2 aS ee ae 142 pachyphyllus= Ss) eose eee 813 (807) COLONUI + 225 7 2 EUS Ee SUS See 147 palmeri-- (2+ 22E to a cee 812 (807) crusgallt..>- = 23. See eS ae ee eee 147 Danby ae 2s Sasi ee eee 811 (807) CEC LON 3 es eee 134 Petlolatuse tis Ses eS Bae e ye ee eee 812 dichotomiflonmm=s 22s sane 145 (144) DUOSIGULTLUS Ra ee eee te eee 812 fasciculat ume ne eee 145 (144) Pinifoliusss ee ee ee Eee 809 (806) halipsee 2 Se Aa eee eee 146 (144) plainer ae: so ae ee, eee ee ee 809 hinticaule: - 238 eee eee 145 (144) pseudospectabilisaee a ee 812 (807) hus chucsel = eee ee 146 (144) PUlGHES MSY Soe eee 812 lepidulom: 203.2 ea ee 146 (144) UMASS Dt SIE ER SEE peek ae a 814 Litkescerigiec 2-2 Ree eee ee 148 SDUTUIUCCULG aly ees Tenn PRN aS Pn Dae ee 811 ODtUSUM- 2 ne a eee 147 (144) DULUSSE ce PO ee Sr eee 817 AO ALTRA TO LTS UIT eee 145 (144) NUDESCENSEL AE UE SSO SEC TTS Se ee 816 Dlemumsi. oes Se ee oh eee ae 146 (144) Lyd berai 225 ee Ne ee 815 (808) SUNGUINGLE. Saas Sea Se ee 141 SCODOTIUUS 2 NS ea ee 816 SCREGIGI= 2 === Ue ER ESS ale ee Pee 149 SRONEZI Sse ee ea 811 Onl ore AeTMP ON. Sa en 146 (144) SPECLADILS <4 A ee ee 813 Stramine um 2-2-2 6 oe tee ee ee 145 (144) Stenophyllistat2 ss oe eee 816 (809) { ENNESSCENSCs =e oe oe ee Ce 146 (144) SEEN OSCDAUUS 2S Re ee ee 8 texan) 24 ee ee Fon ee 145 (144) SUTICHULOLINIS = ee ee, Se ee 817 Uta vill Gay cy rae ee 146 (144) SERCH = Sh eran e ee A 817 (809) VAT AGLI Joys see ae ee 147 (144) SUbUatuUsis fee ee ee 810 (806) DUT UCN ee AOD a fe ee SUPCPDUSH. ee Sn eee 811 (807) Papaver. ssa 25 255 Sahai ea a ee cChompsonae. ss S 0-22 se See eee 814 (808) IPAapAVera Cae: = asus ae eae 334 (50, 53, 4) thurberi 238-2122 3.2 See ee 816 (808) Papaveroideae 42.2.2 a eee LON CY t= Soe Ss ee eee 810 Papilionoideaes =" 2220 sshe =a eene ee ee 428 (41) trichander<. 2 2 ee eee 810 Pappophorumi= «Shes ae eae eee 99 (82) utahensis: =2.6. 08 2 a eee 811 (806) Parietariay O22" Ss ee Bean Siete eee 231 (230) WITS TUS ee eg ee See eee eee 817 (22, 809) iParkinsoniduss = 22 see eters aan oan 425 (421, 426) WAtSOMICS : S25 Ss eee ee ee 815 (808) IPATMaSsla ss oo Ane on ee ee ee eae 382 (378) Whippleantistes este eee 811 (23, ee iParomychiaas eee ee eee SUPA GLOBH MOBY WAAC AO eee ee POT OSELG2E SEE AER ae ee Ne 457 (458=462) Rena naib Tiie ne ee ee ele eg Tee ee ott Rarryellais ae ee Se oN a eet 451 (16, ey Peraphyllum ot a Ete Te, NOH ee ay ae ee ree 394 Par sonsia: = ic. oe ee ee eee Be) 277) be Reta ee geet MOM eles wes ec leg Aue hiel pe, 1018 (871) ‘Parthenice? 2822282 #2 sono ee eee nee 942 (73) IPericomie 19 4220 Cos st Aes een ee eee 974 (874) IF GEV @ TUL TY ss seal ee eee mle eee 942 N(S 70880) i MESTLG CTI GT es ee eee ee eee 647 (641) Parthenocissus) fe eesse oe! Nee aes SOO Peritoman: S22 se Buse ee eee 371 (372) PAS pall Ure eae is wd Se eee 1435079) 5 ECT Lyles sa ee eee 971 (874, 882, 883, 973) PASSTMOT Ae cele eee LO ea lane ee 5 S81 PRenSiC Qi td nee ee eee an eee Swe eee 258 (260, 261) 'Passifloraceae.<- nek Bee ee eee 5S8i(52) MP etal onyx esses cee eee 589 IPastin aca ek = 2 2ao ek ee ee eee G560(G4) Reta OSE e771 01 ee 462 PECtiS se Sa hs ye SU eae 9945 (87858795882) 0| se ectalostemiuim ] ose seamen eee eee 462 (430) Pectocary ae eee oi eee ee See ae 744 (740) IRetertae S08: 22 se sun eal oom ee eee 465 (431) Pedi cullaris’ 2 cel Rees cet! ee reas es ee S327(235 S00) in| keen cc Ofte ee 902 Pediomelwin see ee eee 4507451) a] eetnophyton n= sa eee eee 390 Pellneae (288) ci os Wi nea ae i ee oe 38°27) 4sRetumia es! ee ee ee eee 799 (786) (PeniOCeneUs ase eee Nee Ee Le ee 5951) Pewcedani. 222 ee ee eee 652 (654-656) Perm lies es Ss ee A eee 342) (340) "|| Peuceplryllum! > 55> ss ee es 1004 (873, 876) Penstemon: 2-222-=- e ee 806 (9, a) IPRGCOEE aa SRE ta Pk ee ee 468 (482-485) agoregatus:. 2 = See eee 815)] Phacélia=s {2 soe ee ee eee 730 (728) Albomarcinatls===-== === ena ee 814 (808) aitiniseo4 23922 28 ee eee ee 734 (731) ampiguusss20 22252282 ee 816 (809) anbijua 2 ee Se eee 7 CM DUS 2222 oS Se ee 81 ONIZON1CG= se eee angustifolius vie de Sc Eig Oe ape a 813 (808) bicolor S223 2 2 BS ee 734 (731) ONIZONICUSE. 28 ee ee ee eee 81 Dien NS 2 Se 8 ee eee barbatuste 222 ee eee ee ae 810 (21, 806) COCTUNGAS: se ee oe ee ee 736 (733) iCOlOl 2222 se 813 (807) congestacs 20 ee ee eee 736 (732) ibridgesi«—--.. seo ee ee 810 (806) COrnugata sl. ssa ee 736 (733 CaeSpitosus= 22 2. See ewe ee 814 (808) Chenulatae 2 eee Sees ee eee 737 ra, 3) COUMTIUS 235222 ee eee 814 Ciyp Lan thse senna ae eee ee 35 (732 Centranthifolivs ee eee 811 CULVIDES cle sake ee Se Ree 34 (731) Glipel 2 ie ee ee 812 (807) GemMissa) 4s See Ria So eee 734 (731) COMBE AS Rae ee ee 812 (807) Gistanss == Se ea ee 735 (732) COCCUN CEU A REESE A Ya 81 Hliformis® << ee eee 733 (730) COMArrHeNUS eee eee ee 817 (809) TLOIMON tli so es 734 (731) COngestisl as Se aes 813 elechomaciolia ss 22 ee eee 733 (730 CONNALfONUS 2 eee Bs hE teLo ply ae ee 735 (21, 731) Crideriits A555 hoes ae ee oe eS ee integnfolia: -<-24 a eee ee 735 (732) dasyphy lls. 220228. 0s te ee ee 816 (809) intermedia: .-> oo a ee 737 GeSCHEDICL = ce Se on aes 814 Tvestania. co <= Sy bei ey ee 734 (731) GISCOlORS sae sae ok eRe ees eee eee 816 (808) laxiflora co: he A oe ee 1036 Catominmwea ha sss i tee eae 810 (806) lemmonis -: i822 ee 733 (730) OL SCTEUS I ee wil Ae eS ee ee 810 MCh ANN << Sosa e ee ea os Oe Eee 730 © fendleri> tase Fh os UR 813 U0) Minutifloraies ke ee ae eee 737 Waliiiiins | PARES ae SAC SOE Leek roe in Teomexicana = stb ewe eee 736 (732) RONSONGE 2) hor a SAE eee aie pach y ph Vilaes ses uses ya ee eee 733 (730) TAINOSL2 | oor ee eh ee 812 (807) palmer: ie! 4 eee ee eee 736 (732) IAG VIS cs ede a ee Oe 817 (809) pedicellatacc {42 e eee 736 (780, 733) INDEX 1057 Phacelia—C ontinued. Page | pinus—Continued. P = . (Epis. nS ee ee ee eee 736 (732) INGEN TE Pe rs Ss 2 8 CTUG Pa [Oe ee ee eee 733 (731) Caiibreides 2 22s Sere aos 61 (19, 20, 59, w) SPORES OT a eee 735 (732) HMRI = 5-2 595 8255 Ns eee Co) SPEED) a a eee ee 733 (731) Ur i ee ee eee 61 (17, 20, 59, 60) Te Ge ee ee eee 736 Na ire oe aan pe Lh ae 61 (22. 60) OEE PU a ea ire ae eee en 734 (731) PESIOCET TNE ee 5 hs 5 66 SPRITE Lo See eee 734 (731) Aaisigliag fo) een ed ve eee 63 (20, 60) <2 A ae EA SS eal Si at ac 736 (732) MEtaTsny lie So foe oes ee eR 62 (20, 60) TLPCTE ED ELT th ei nee oe 735 (732) ILHAM eon a en ok | RRA De Ree SPU LEISS e722 eae a 735 (732) EL(C) ETE) €) tf | Fr ee a ee eg eee 61 (59, o TED IP SSL. Sie 2 ee ree 140 (80, 141) PINISEEIS et Se es 958 5 eee JiTTe THN Or ee a een 29 (26) PORnGETOSS = Hace Fe we Bie bs 62 (20, 59, sa) LE NTP TR SIE ooh ae So ee 296 nid [Te RL 2 a eR ee ee Cp RE Sets at ER LETS Tee ae Ss eee eee ee a eee: 503 (431) Sizopuonailices 22) 5s .e ee 62 (20, 66) SECTSLANRO NIE oe eee a SS So BOGS) Al eiphoenneiitent= >= =) 8 ee 124 (81) POTTS ESS cis Ce ee SMES (deem PE) Rae IN DEC TIER = ee eo Ne ie Ee, a Be 673 PER City Cite 21 Vee ee ee 504 oe FECT: lp eon een OE ee ee eee oe Seed 886 TOTTI ET i = IE Pe Oe a ee PAGE ae st eB ee 870 TREE [Te £0 oN apc el ee Se ae ei ROTH ee wr 2 ge 482 BC Rerspnyilis Pos = Se te 8 US CeCe) EATS Biri Se ae ee ee ene: ee oes ae 175 rire Fie ee Se ee a ee eee PAL TE TOMA! 2 be Se Pee oes = & 85 6st ye eS Fie gio) EAALySteMmon.. <2 <=. eS es Se at feria eee = 5 of. ween a se ae SS FS | 2 cig Gee es en ee ee 859 (858) TiLig? kt ee ee ee ee oe a eee ee Sis! (EIS) BY SO 7 pel ae a 131 (132) GAO e Ee eae 2 as ee = ee Je AAS TO DDATOGTUE 2 oo 2 eS 8 ea 342 PIAGHGNINISt M7 eo) Bee tke eS Ee tS 713 oe Place eee a SY 934 (13, 875, ye gnodisigye =. =8 2 [Er SP ce: ee ee ae eee (57 Sisiperner erent ee 8 a eee ae ee TE Tth CD ie ee eee 860 CUTE Rs Se ta eo ee a we ee, 714 Gia) TPT ar: ck ee Ne ne 990 (879, 883) Rvvintitgneee 3 = oe ye gy ee ean Ror ee Fee Ee 90 (83) PICS DIAS 2 oe Se Te oe a eS SLINeASE Se oe as DN ee ee 91 (90) lonriipling 2 ee 715 (713, aa Gicclayitee oe ee 8 ee 91 (90) STALSEDIER a 8S a es ae Ci hl ee Se ees 93 pT 1 Le 1 ise ec: ee ee 715 (713) PUTENISNIONS04 Oe 91 (90) TROLS Oe ope se 8 2 5 CLT ILUL eee oe eae ete 8) A 95 See | ee a ES ee ie ee 715 (ELIS pe ae eee ater 92 (21,91) Sian WHRYde = 2 et eee. 715 (713, 716) Enel ee ee oe Se Fa 91 (90) PETIT UU 117 gee ee a ee 714 (712, 713) iro ots 6s se ees 92 (91) 2) aS Se irstt Rea es ee, ee 715 raeabipatirt se ape Peres ea 92 (91) PEROT De Scr SES ed 5S a 5 716 ETA ee eee 8 eT ED ne ee 5 wand Gryisel so 2 5h eg ee NS ae 715 (7 =) tir TS eae ae ae eee eed 92 (91) TESTE 28 nF ot ee (LUO a a ae Se 92 (91) PO DIMITIS Shen Oe ee, 232 (31) Foe Te 2, RE SES Se 5a Se ee ee Man 94 Phragwiiess 2 3. ee eee 97 (82) ee nee mie eS ee 94 aia ss Me ea 7 TTD Ug oe ae eS ae 2 91 (90) iPhymiatowichum. 26 oe ee 566 (789) Polder yl Sees Se reek. oe, eon aie 92 (91) EWWIHOST os 2 ee eee RN 572 THIGH ese Oe ie See 92 (23,91) Ras = ee ee 790 (786) [ST a ee cee 95 LEC RD ge eee el aa Te 357 (338) TOILET Se So a Oe ee ae ee lol oy eer ae ees 2 8 S00 (389) 41 Podosnemum.. 115 (117, 119, eo mma 8 ee tl a tity | LAE Ph DS ee eee eee Phyiolacea—s 25 | 5 a a Se eee PASE OMaCHider ee eee Le 535 (539) Phyolaccaceses. ©. 2 S=-5 eae eae ueerats SSHT TEENS 6 373 (371) Lc (co: een ee oes Sees ee oer G3 (22, 59, 66) | Polemoniaceae...-..__----_-__-__-____+- 711 (55, 58) Eerie a ee os he ee See SEG MUS 1) ee pleInOniNT =.= ee ae 726 (23, 712 SE ACTODENIO DSS St Sha Pe. ea ee Pest ETUTO eric 5 1 eS SS ir 783 (16, 767) Perea Pe ee eS od Ps ae a a eee eee 520 (519) big i ds Le a te EE 235 (7) RERMLNOCINNAS > 18 6 2 8 eee 522 (521) Sa aren eee a Pg 645 (647) ALOT tS a ek ae ee 523 (521) SnaChae. see oes. 3 et ee tS 58 (45) Teluin) e 2 Sa ee ee 522 PRIN PARNER] = 2 2 eos os 1024 (872) nanheyaRnnwed sw Tee) So oe oe 521 (520) URIS SO seg CS) 59 UE SES ee ea 523 (521) ae pe ne eRe 63 HeMIBLAROCARNG > <= tS so 523 (521) CA ED) Rp 2s ee ee ae ae 61 (60) LD ee eee eee 522 (520) CY IV GINGA fee! ode Bae Te 63 (20, 60) IOP ONIA 6 Oke eee 521 (520) 1058 INDEX Polygala—Continued. Page Page Obscura chis ee tee eee ee 522,,.(020) 4) Prunella sees eek se ee eee 775 (768) orthotnichass=-2" sieeee ee ne eee 622)4(520) MER GUMS een ae a els eo ee ieee 410 (388) Marvifouid. <2 25 \e> SEE he eee 522) | (eSathymotes = as = see ee 1004 (876, 983) Dillophorats 222 ei ote ean eae eee 521 Cw) Pseudocymopteriss eases 653 (23, 641) Puvenula =. Oe eA een eee eee eee Pseudotsugal.) eS a 64 (21, 22, 59) Tacemosa- 25 s2-ul— 2 1 fates eee 521 (520) Psilachisous! es ue ee. eee 913 (877) reducta 2-4 ss aes eee 52217620) HEsilostrophe: = 2.92. ee 969 (882) TUSD le. 222 eS BS ee aes 6221; (521))) | Sora eam yemen sone eae 450 (21, 429, 459, 460) SCODATIOID GS 2228s Naas Dale aoe see 92 (GAD) |) PEON Do 45 subspinosad-~22e 5. 25-22 so 2 ates ey PA | (GYAN) | | ACO ROA Oe at 456 (457) twee Gyan eee sah SU art oe Teele 29): (GRAD) || JARORORIOTNUB ae oe 457 Polygalaccae. 22 9h 22 oe cs ue eae ee S19 (50955) ul Cetelea caus 8 Sue ae a eee ae ae 516 (514) Roly GOmaAceae: ss seas ee eee 2367 497750) cer Guna Se eee ese ea ee ee 34 (21, 27) Polygonum: 2:25 eo ees So ee Se 207 (236) a| stenidop lyase yee sas eee ee 24 amphibiam—s 22.2) 3 eee 260) (258): | CRteht ses ue ese Ee eee 34 (37, 39, 40) argyrocoleOMn: = =) eens saasse sees 259i(258) | Rater OpNacos) 2s. see. ee pace hoe eens eee 480 aviculare =) 208 See ee 20931258) | EGelGs DOL aaa see = ae ee eee ee 660 (659) LOMLHOKOMOS So te oe eee k 260) (258)ia| eR FOROS TE 1a enact ees 236 UxXifOrMe 2. Foe a ee ee 259 Pteryxia. BUESAE 2h Sore eee nae ee oases 653 (641) COccineuin) =) ss ee ee 260)'(258)3| JRitlonia=n aes ee aa 1021 (1022) CONVO livjULN US eee a ee 259))(258): | |;Rucemeliiazs 22 eee eS ON (G3) douglasit. = oo Ue a ees 209';(258); | FEN pusiaa 25.0 C see Ue ese aes ee 403 (389) fUSITOLIMG S265 8s ee ee ee eee 261):\(259) -| Burshias 22282 202s ewe ee oe ee 408 (390) ATV CATIULT eo doe ane amen one eye 261s:(259) a WR yrolan seeks oe aie te eee ee 661 (660, 662) Gyoe abit hivban 3 PAR (PAIS) || IE ne OC ORO soo 1031 (872) UT O DAR (ION Neco ee en ee 260)|| FRUnnOCOn ane =e = ee ae eee 905: meglechanc ss 2 ou yy lew ee set ae 259\| Quamoclidion: _ 22) = oes eae 287 ACTA Sys] vith CULT eer eee QBT 6259) Oe rTOCltt eye meee emitted sae ana 709 persicaniavs <7 0s Uee es se be 261-(259) | \QUERCUS == Tia 2 ee heer eee 223 DUN Cha turni ls eee ee ee 261 (259) BnIZONI Cae ee ae ees 225 (19, 223, ay PATIOS ISS LUMEN eee ane eee meee ee 260 (258) Chiry sOlenisc 7-2 2 aad She es oe ee 227 CRRA OUeOL cee oe 259 (258) Giversico] One se see ees rey oe 224 Gn ViviparuMas 2s22 so ee oe eee 260 (258) QUMOSA Ee eat eae ae eee ee WaAtSOMIses stse mea tak ee oe sels eeee ees 259 (258) durangensis(~_ 2225-22 ee (POY DOD DUS a. 2 too ee es es eee 935 CMOLYiL 2-5-2 22 te oe ee 227 (19, 2) Polvpetalacsec 0s sat iw dee See eee 50 (45) fender. (02012. ee ok ee eee ee ae IROL podiacede-= 22 ee. Seken ae a eee eee 26 (24) gamibelii sas nee 227 (19, 20-22, 223, ore Rolypodimi= a8 Guan esas seamen 28 (26, 29, 30, 31, 33) BRISCa ooo. oe es ee ere ‘925 (224) Oly POON sao ae ee eee ee ee 112 (81 ) GUNNISON: == ons. Aare ae ee 227 UFO LeysS GUC Laur pe ee ee 28 (26) ROStQbOR =o Sooo oa oe ee see te 22 FEZOTTLOCOMD OYE LT) ea a 37 hypoleutas: S222). 2s ee eee ee HRONLEDE TAG 3 Ni oe ed a ol na 179 by Polewcoid ese ake a ea ee Le eee 227 (21, 23) IRontederiacede= 22> sees ae ee eee 178 (47) AVON CTIUCLACGN Cons eee ae een a ROpUlUSee cee ae ee ae 214 (13, 15, 20, 21, 22) Oblongitolia’ shes. oe ee on eee 225 om) Rorophyllumia sues Pee ne eee eee 993 (876) OULU STOLL iN Lee Sey Ses el eee eee ROVGOre Ul aero e ou aE ee fae ee eg a 869 (866) palmer: 2222 2 oe eee 227 (19, 28) ROngula cae es aia aes ee es eee 301 (297, 298) DOU CHODG 1) a oa oe en es es ROrtulacaceaee. sees a= ce eee noes 297 (51, 54) DUNG ENS =. eee Speers = 226 (258) IROLATNO SCE OM St eee ce eee ore ee re ee 73 PELICULOLO 2 2 ope Sic a ee 224 IPotentililay iii: 3 Seo es eee hee es 397 (389, 390) SUDMLOLIS Sa as ae enn en 227 Ci ovD OKO} 2 peat eo aa) ere Sa Sie a sa 403 (399) SUDODLUSITOl aes ee eee ee 226 C2) ATISCTM Ae tas ee ey ea 400 (398) SULOL TOUT CLL Ocoee es ee ee ce areutaes. 22220 eet see eee 399 (397) TOUMG Wise Coe Sow ee eee Ce 225 (on ORLZ ONC OSE aan oe ae ee ee ee eee if turbinellas. <9) no eee 225 (18, 223, 224) CLT OULD CTUS Sa a ee a 401 undul ates ee ae ee ee 226 (224) bienmigy 2 ois eee eee eee 401 (398) WEGHENSI 8s £228 he a ee 227 COnCINN A eas eae he a ee 402 (399) VSO VG Ge ee ee ee 226 COMCTIUIUG CLOTS 402 AU UL COD ism eer ete ae ee Se ae CONVAL ATI Oe eee ee eee oe 390i 2Ou incu la Moe se oer ae es eee 792 CRIN IG AES 2 tee oe ee ea eae ADTN(BOS\ Wea CU laee es cas see yee cen 354 (355, 55) Cla LENS Sees 4021(235399) ii *Rath Sia wee Le es ee ee TEUGICOS eee meee eran are a Bie): (Gish). | IR ennslesieyeer e262 = os PBI (7, ie clandulosaz= eee ae eee ee AQON(B9S) NMR OITIVESQ UG ee eee ee ee ee 1023 (POCO DUE i Ba ee 402) cRalmMannia = Sasi 2s jee Nee ee 625 Nip Pian aes wees we ye eee 402) (399) || Ranunculaceae: 222 315 (48, 50, 53, 54) LOTTO NG eS i OS ee eae et er AUOnl |) deeewoyobavootlbig. Ye | ee 326 (316) 1 OOLIGU RUE ORS co SP ee eee 401 OPPS oo ia RL Ae es Rae a 330 ITLOGCSEO 02 nee ei ALS 402 alismaefolius:- 25222 = eee eee 331 TMONSPCLEU SIS Seana a ee ee eee 401 (398) GNCChSONI Hae Se ee eee 328 TOONAMI OVNI Be 400 (398) aquatilis....0 4 3s es eee 328 (327) pectinisec tas 3. He ae ee eee 402 (399) BTIZONICUS ss. oe 2 ee Se 331 (328) Dlattensish ees soe see Se Sees 401 (398) Ibongar ile .- os rete eek oe eee DRO DIN GUC saa ass mnie SO eee 402 cardioph yllus#2 a= == eee eee 330 O28) pulchernimiave scat e es Pe ete eee 402 (398) CIRGINATUSS 4 sae ee ee eee ROMULOS oes oe a ers, eee ms 403 Cymbalanias: see te ee ee are 328 ap PIV AIS atin cash ara eh era ete ae 401 (398) CLiptiCg St 2 28 ee ee SaWOSa erst. SON oe es Re ene 400 (398) ENCINOG CN ES Eke! aah a ee eee = SCNUGUIN COS cote SSE ae Shey eke 401 eschscholtzii= a: is =n eee 330 (23, aa) Silbbalais sce Aaah Saami wl beer 400 (23, 398) ELVIN I Ses ee een ea Re an nee SUID WAS COS aere sent hen epider et per enemies 403 (21, 399) PUP OT ITS Se wats a fee ee So ee oS (PowpbH Vee oS TE EN haw 400 (21, 398) AL gran raat aye eco ae eS ee ne ee 329 (327) DUSCIC ULC ere ome Goreng ad okeek pee eae eee 402 Claberrimntis: 2 eee an 8 tee ee re 330 (327) WAM CCIE TIER Wt net cee OAL SP egos aes 402 (399) Ay GTO Charo Cs eee eee ee 329 (327) PEN ANNE Sam se mers ene al eee neem 1022 (1030) AMAT OCMUS Sees eee yee ene ear a eee 330 (327) Ley UCET OU Eyes es Satan Reeth ay Nlnale SN Aaa A Pe 2 665 (23) (UMIMerins! soe Soh ae ee 328 (327) EDINA COAG CS ewtaaee eae on ek ey ee we 664 (57) LONG UR OSERIS aoe Oe eee ne 328 ET ODOSCIAC =e as ae ene ee Cee eee 835 (836) MACOUNMe St sek we eee ee eee 329 (327) SEAT OSOR LES Hare eee Sian Sete UL ee ee Oe en FANG YORAM AAU ee ee 329 (327) PROSODISZe eee ees ae ees 419 (18, 14, 413, 1035) MAL LOLLY See ee e eeeas ee ca 331 INDEX 1059 Ranunculus—Continued. Page | salix—Continued. Page Tet ae oe ee nee ee 331 pseudomonticola___-._____________-__. 220 (218) STE ne ee ee 329 (327) Sesrevicrarsrasines 8S 8 ten ss 219 (217) SnleRnTIS | ~~ 5 ne a NE 329 (327) Pein oee ee oe ere ee 218 etd TE | oc ee CS ge ree Oe eee a ee 329 Ee | eee Raine eh sees Sepa eee ae ae An oO ns ae eee cee eee ERNE RSILDIECNT OE Bee ees eee ew Sn ene ae i it ree ae oe Dee ee eee ep PRS eo? ae Sa ee Se eee en ES SSA) a aa 278 (262, 267) SreemOung ies == eo ee ee Seeek Ure a ee ee ee eee beers 777 (767) Perigtirnipitee = 3 36 5 ean Seo eee re DONT) Ch ieee en ee ae Soe ae ae 780 am) Tempe Sa Se Oe Weyer ete a ee ee eee Wik =e a 951 (880, ss) eS ee ee ee a ss (it) AZWInOIShYG 2 te oe Be Fe AAV ASICS 2 oe eee ee ee 779 sf Rberitiel diet a so ete ee one 95 3) DEON = 2 a er ee ee PUSAN 2 i Ste eee 850 EEC he es ee ees tee ee T= 778 (777 -) Reeaeilin ate ee ee ee Se ee 374 colpmpbarine == Seas ee 778 He. esedacene! a ss = oe ee 374 (50) COTTER ae ee See en ee Heverchunins 2S Pere ta ee 525 (524) iayidnonne: = ee ee ee 779 (777) Bhiwani oe et 554 (49, 51, 52) Beary eee 779 (777) [PULTE Gin ee ea ee eee = 556 (8, 554) lanceaefolia ai Se LoS Sie eal OE ei 780 ileegiivice ee Ss en ee 8 tee eae _ 236 TOIT 1 Seay Nae Pen Desh aoe Sy BD 780 ig bovteutitetine 23 P< Son = | See 832 (800) BUTE eee agree ie eer Baie IE 780 (777) Spree tee ee 550 ie hg) 1 Ne aa ee ee Ny 780 RN RES oes ce Sb 2 ee ph ht 548 mpbAyensis: 2-2 779 (777) eeirysnaninee- 82 Pe et Se 502 (429) Bacuypliy lls = 25 es 778 (777) Ribes__-----~-------_------------------- 384 (8, 378) ETAL 22s snecsseseseecens soee ese ae 779 (778) Ee 384 ee a ee 778 [ZTE 1 See oe enc 531 (524) PLEO TU U0) V1 Seog cen renel e ape S 779 (778) Gniieiinl -- SP pe ee eS 969 (970) ELT eo BS ie oe ae een Bere mee aa ae 780 (777) Seewaeey ee es Se a eee a 295 pusiettteiy a ee eS 779 (778) CP Sif a ee Be ee ee Bieaee Cerca) NUR eRNAANOCESER = es Se 853 (15, 852) RP oTnie yA eee ee ee Sa #21: | SOUT Ch eee le ee a See aie eR oe 667 (665) Rageray ips ke mee series (ese, ND) eeENEPURISOTDE = Sm 409 (389) peers ae atin be = Sa Oe FW AGSNESO) i santalaceae = 3 Cl ee eee ee 235 (48) PEEP RN Try oaks ee ee, Cee a ee 388 (1, 48, ES) S580 teeleed pee ee en he Oe ge Ve ee 870 (998) LPO Tp) | Ss ee ee ee ae ed SEPCER TEE EPPS veo ee ate aes a 950 (870, 878, 880) eireckinee.e. 2eeher. 7 eee ee 608 Ss GACCAG Sa att Se ee 553 (49, 52) FRTTTE TITS Ap Bie Dare ie eden as Oye Sap tiSees = ee ee ee eS ee 553 Cee ed = i es ee SEN OS EEL T TC ip eS gO lee See eee eee a ae 534 (525) TO ie Se Se ee ee ee pulp (SECT tr eas ee ee ee ee 314 (303) aibincene soe ee nar Ne Bn (Are) SAD OLACCRC see ea 669 (57) C27] rine. es Re a ne ete ee ee DO OO) Bonin a 2s eo eee SS ea ee 793 (786) pd beckane 2 5 8s os a SOS set. 051)) [oarcopatus: 2 a 276 (15, 17, 262) TID LEP =e ee a me as 839 (838) SE COSLETIEUIL =e Same 2 ie et See 696 a PUT ELUISS Cn ne te ee eS ee pa OA aI TAREE oe 8 et oe Sees Se bee ot ee 280 AEP LASClln 2 ee 2 te RE ee ALPE (ATEN [PSA Tea | | soos a ma ne ae ne nae aa is (Up SS aS eee een oe CELE Cols WSS Te Cee ce ea 214 “ REIZUINIS Ss ee ees See SS ee BARTS MRS TUT 5 771 Nac NE ee ea a a epaniserges 5-2 esas ee DOPE SARU DAG © = = oer 5 ae ee ee 378 (23, a7) PAN GTHICUS SS eo ee ee ee PAE OS) Gost) yt [ASE a LE ge Vopr Gc ae 377 (48, 51, 53, ao econplomenriius. @= = 92 =e S Se d REL OAH EOCHIEILCT EE eee 2 eee ED re ee TANTS ee ee SS PATI say SEE OMUATGUS © >) ee sree oe 134 an Giga mils See Se oe See ee FoGF (| ESTO CUES CEE ES) Sk ae ee i apt 105 (82) Dili tte oe ee ee eee Pint (24) SC IAL DITILOUINE 2 2m = So ee Eee = ieepatitisete oss ee ee es DTN) iP SCILICOLAUT SITE 28 See hrymenosepalus === 2 ee PAR Cad CAR) Pi ESSC CLT Lc C2 eee ee 975 (875, 883, es) AAACN ACA IANI SS 4 Fs 8 Tes od = em DRS 253)! COLNLOET NDEs #2 set Sse TEFETEN TI (1 Saas carpus et 5 aig ae re Pots pl GATEY) a | AS re [fDi [1 en ee aes ee a en A ae 167 Ge BECIGEN EIS? = Spe eee 705 Te CARS jm PSPC gy 0) 5 eR a ee 161 (155, ) DELNGRP UTIs 2 92a ae 256 (255) TR Toy TRL T Gt tee a oe ea aca iy ae a a ee Le PIPTAICIINS OUP Se fo ts: ae es Be Se 257 SUC TERE Seer ese Sed ed eee So ee Pe tee Sg ee eee ee 256 AMICTAC HIS Sees ae ae skeet See 163 69) beinnpalivalyis: <2 2 ms 2 256 (254, 255) ETT ES Se eee a ee ee Salt) PEC ee a eee 257 (254, 255) DLE nee ee Be = PCT ERYC CE eee ee ee ee 514 (52) Galiigrnmichss = 2 ee ee 1035 PE CIEEAIE IIL ee eo FN Sh 9 eh 516 TENE DESTT AS See ee tee SS 162 NSB IE ee. 2s Oo A ee 985 Te filet 1th) * Tee ewes cee eee Ee oe eae eee 164 SUED IN gH iene hn or eee coe 78 ETT Wor |, paps ss aX ete Sr a 165 SHR EST hr eee eS og Se 556 (554) RAPHS TIS eee Ae ee Pe 161 SUTVEEE CLT ig 8 Sap le eee ee 306 (303) RistmaanMaR ORE rors 8 156 “SS CET Er" gt, ee eR Se ee 76 a CROCAL DUS 98 se ee ees So 163 (162) Ralavarinses <4 = = Beet Pa ee 771 (768) SPE TATE C1] Eas te ll ea ee a6 SLES Cor ee eine ait eet See eee 214 (47) DOCIIENLR ES Sey ere a I et PLUK SM te 2 ew PO Mes eke re 216 (214) NUT | ee ee 163 (13, ia) aiiVeMnlOides...2 = 2 ae See 220 (218) CELL Ce EEN ee en ee 163 ero ebiiana- = 2. ee eS ne cs 219 (217) PANG OSiS eee oe ee ee Gnplinginna*-5-00 "Ss 25 Se 220 (218) RTF LATE aie be oe eee ee ee 165 cd aia = Re BO oe 219 a? PIL OTe een ee Ser 165 MOOR AG 5 S28 Fret 5 te shad os ote RAEITEESESES Oot Snes Ae ae ON EA ks 166 BIAPTIHME oo oe re ot, BR dt Se ee 218 ctr) Tsao ee ene a ie 5 fe SR 167 PEVCTIARAS 85 20.7 eke SOR eg eee 103. PANU CANAN epee peers a ee 162 Pepa 22 2S os ee 219 (15, 217) SEM LCT sh 1 Re ae chee eee ee ae 602 SENN ee 5 ee ee eS FALUN CAPA ESY | MES TG Ty CPA 0 ee 100 (82) OVID oe ss PL PALLY co RLS os hE, Pe a 805 (800) UGC (fe ee are eet 2 220 (218) | Scrophulariaceae_____________________- 799 (1, 56, 58) RASIGIG set 22 fe Ue ed ee Rib bee SR Sor Se Ce 771 (768) hahaa Be Co en Bl ee ee ome UN ASS TET, 7 eS Se 534 Ss Se OR ae ee a Pe Aes LUC A S27 OT ee ena si) 1060 INDEX Page Page Selino¢arpus.2 2203-9) eae eee 20) (286): | Silene v2 S32 ee oa eee ae 312 (303, 314) Sell0a 2 ee se es ek ees RE UCCKAD Ii eilhy opie ose eo es eS ee ae 1016 (875) GeneCioe se en ae eee 1005: (S7OF8771878) "| poland bAaCeac ase eee es ore 517 (52) actinellas 2-2-5 eee TOL LOO A) NGS iO GS Tepe ee ee ee 547 (14 ambrosioides! 3° 22 22255225) eae 1 O08 |) SUS Tac 2° 222 5 ee ow eee ae 958 (872, 880) Onacletus 23) 222 tee 2 ee eee TOM Sinapis.- 2h. seo ae Ss 352 (353) ATIZONICUS-85 02 er cee eee ee 1011 Cee Siphtonoglossas: ** <2 eae ea ee 841 (838) WUTEUS 0 Se Sa ees eee Sisymbrium __ 349 (338-341, 350, 351, 354, 355, 365, 366) bigelovit 22 Se se eee 1010 006) SISVHINGHIUTE oa ee eee 206 (205) blivmert: 2000) S25) See ae ees Sifamiomy oo .2. oe en eee 103 (80) chuen tus: 202-2 2 ee eee ISU US Se Ee See ONE eee ae 1031 cynthioides== = eee 1011 (1007) iS) L004 | pope Her ere im Mae eres e 647 (640, 646, cs) decorticans! 2 eee eee NOLO) Sinelow sir = en ee ee eee douglasii= 2) 2 2h i ee eee 1008 Smilacing 52-5 =. i elise oe ee 200 (sey CN COMO Se eo nee LOM Solanaceders = ak.2 2" Se eee ss ea 786 (56, 58) fliafolius 222 oe ee 1008 | Solanum 22>) (i102 2s Sik eee sae 793 (786) filifoliuse s 20 ee or eee ae 1008 Grizonicwms 2s. s 7c e Or Gieeaes 796 {ranCiSGanuse= =20 a= enn 1009 (1006) CONNIE 2 Se Nt ee ee eee 790 NartianWses. ke ae eee ee ae 1011 (1007) COT OTOP US a2 5s iiae Ep VEN e ees alee ees aa 790 art weet fl 3. a ee eee 1010 de flexi st ae eee 796 (794) NEKO MDNR Ss 1010 ee Gouslasiisstss <2 8est Sales eS ee ae 796 (795) Lath ynoid esis2 2 = see ee ee ee elacagmifolium= esa ee eee 795 (794) LemmMoniz= “2 OSs ane eee 1010 (1007) fenders 6 sy o-4s 2 28 Cee eee ee 796 (794) lon silopusies =.=. eo ee ee 1008 (1006) heterodoxwmm: 2-2 -"=i=2 eee ee 795 (794) Ly MCeus! 2. oes Sse eee 1009 (1006) PLETUUS ee 8 ot 79 MACG OUG Ali = heres eee eee ae 1008 (1006) JAMNIOSH eo: SRE Th ee ee a 796 (794) ANICT OU ONE 6 See ek ine eee ieee 1011 Lumbholtzianim sae = aes 795 Sie) millelobatus®=_2=-2 2a ee 1009 (1006) melongena. o-oo 8 2 ee nee MONAVENSISH es eee ee Be ee 1010 (1007) WMS TUN Se Pe eo ct eee 797 (794, ae MONGCNSIS® JM sAsae eee en eee 1008 (1006) ROSE (UII = See ee 795 (794) qm GCap ltabUS = ae == eee eee 1008 (1006) sisymbrHtfolium:: = S22 ee 795 (794 THUG Ob ats ee ee 1009 (1006) GTAP ONES Sen ee ee ee 796 (794, eh TIVULGOUAS eee ee roto ee Ne er Sr 1011 LIHerOSUIML ws Se ne eS ee eee TLCLS ONLI se inn ea ee in 1009 umibellifenum(: = 2222235 Se eee MeOMeX CANUS sae See 1011 ene Willosumi 22 be ee een 797 (748. OTrihophy lisa a eee ee ee MAN (Tees ee ee ee es 796 (794) DUDAQOTULS oes scene eee ee ee iol Solidagol ens 30a aes eee oe 900 A 878) TOTS 1h N'A leant penne OMe EN URN ce tg neg Ea 2 1010 ieee alGissimia= 23 12 oi ele eee 01 (900) DECUUN GUUS: ea = 2 ee eee ee OTIZON0G = 3 2 oe Se ee ae ae 901 DETCOIWUS SS Uae es OER ee ee ee 101 bigelonii- 2s Ce eee ee 902 DYOUDUS te Soe SUR Ie Sean ene canadensise 22 22 iae8 eee ee 901 (900) @iercetorumie. ee ea ae ee 1009 Gooey CUIOSa sae eee pe 901 (900) THES OYE AS oe se abioe wy Og oe eeu 1010 decumbens 2223.9 Ge See eee 901 (900) SAliGTTUS Be 28a Nee es ee 1010 (1007) CGUNOCONESCENS = 2S ee eee 901 SCEMAN Ie Se oe Se eee ee 1019 (1006) glaberrimay. = aaah ae ee 901 Spartioid es tee Pelee eee 1007 (1006) STAIMINCA Le oi eee Ae a ce 902 (900) Sly gills) ae ee ea eee ae 1009 (1006) Marshall. <2 cee eee 9 thonnbend: 2 eee ee i ae ee 1009 missourIenSIS= 5 482 == 20. Jes See 901 (900) COLUCCONTS a BR eee oe 1011 MULTAN OS ee COU NLC UE oe Sie ee oe Se 1011 MAT ae =) 2 ke eS ae eee 902 (901) Tn GAN CNS IS ee ee ee ee 1009 (1006) occidentalis?- 2. eee 903 (900) werneriaefolivis-= 0222 at ee 1011 (1007) DOYS ee Re Es es ee eee WOOLOMH Eten ee tee ei ee eee 1011 (1007) peiradoniasc 2-2 ee Sens See 902 (900) STITH Neee hee sR Reg ere neste he PANES 1h 415 DULCK EFT UNG 2 2 ae cee ee ee 902 SEIUKEN DENG UT== a Cod ee eee a ene ape ay DUMNUG Rote A EA eae eee 902 PSY A 0H ULE ele les lee ay ee Uae ga nee Se ae, ES Bs SanothrT ae: 5 AE Ce eee ae SCHICOLN ECO ety ae a on ee OE 391 2) SCODWLOTALTI 2) 2 oe ana eee ee ee Sérophijton see ae eae is ee SDarsiflora st: = 2 gees ae ee 902 (21, so) PSY AUNTY peat ae ile Cea pee es SETS Cee es SAP ees ies SUDUISCOSG: Seen Nee 7 ae ee Sesbaniae =.) os eee aes 468 (431) ECNWISSIMGE 18 SPR eae eee an Sesleniqs ee eee a es ee eee 139 CHINLENOOLG 222 2s See at ee ee 902 SeSuvitamlas = Aa ee 296 Whe Glie. = es 2 ee a eee Setaria: 22 G2 22 Je WATACTS) i SONCHUS= mee ee eee eee soon 1027 (871, 1028, eee Shepherdiae >: rc se ee ae G7 | SOnNed Sh 5 cs Ne ea SUBB OL dig Bo Ee es ah TE eee Ee SR ea as beer a SONG es SET hoa eee ee SBS Sicydiwm ss eS ae ee een $62)\)iSophora = tats ue ae See eee cee 432 (428) SIGYOS: eee = 6 ee Se Oa aoe eee 864 oe, 863) 0) SOR DUSH S42 ee Ue eee eee ae 392 (388) Sicyospermas5 sna Se eee (Ga) || Sho ded ee Gina bbe 5 152 (79 1S oe eS ne el ee en ee es Ge) Sorghum: 22) 255 ee ee he EE SE pete 152 ce 79) (OL TG ee Regan Siena Net eee SO Pore eu eR GES! Sparcaniaceae. 22) ae ee eee ee 72 (46 ansustifolig=e so. oe ee 576 i) SParcaniuimn) soe eee ee ee 7 CTISPOE 2 ee ee SDATEIT ee ee Oe Cee 134 (80 CLIStOL Ge EE ee eee He Specilaria se. cou ak ce ae iad ners 866 5) Gift usa se aaa BB (575) \4\ SPEnG UL oem ere ce ne eae i ene tee QNOSSULONI OES OLE ee eee eee 571 | Sperculariae = =e ee 310 (303) aStatas302 ee Se a 57065 74)) || Spenmacoce: =) 2-2 eee ee ee eee hederacea:.s2<5. 2 ee ee yi (Gye5) || Syoeraane ios a oni. 45 (24) ATCO TO LE Sy PE eet Le 564;|Spermolepis2o 252.7 aus sae ee eee 645 (640 Jepid Gtae' 2 okra ete eee ED. (Gir) | Syolaers ela ee ee 566 (562) DIEOINEX1 CAT Aen co ee eee oe 576 (575) AM DIC at re ee eee ee 568 (567) Dhysocaliz = ee ee eee 575 ANGUSEHOM AS Oe See ea ee a 570 (567) PLOCUM PENS! 32 esas ease ee ee 57! ONG Rok Oe Ss ae an SPANOS Os Ge aes ee TS 576 OniZOnI Cd = SS So BA ee ene 57 traciaeloliag Lies Rees eee canes 576 (575) COGGIMCD sea eres le ae aaa a eee Sa oe eee 572 (566) SiGal Gases eee ase SC nen ee ae 573 (562) COUlPETISR Se uk eee eae ee) a eee 68 (566) Sida 00 0 Sesereera Se a) Ee ee ee ee 578 CUSDIUAE = 3 Be eee ee 570 Siuderanthussd2 eee Se ee 904 (905) Givitata eas Ss Se Ae ee ee 571 (567) SidenoLylon as 6 Sa eee 670 CIN ORV ree eee net nee ete ee 568 Ce, 567) STEVEN SUD SOE eat EN ee ee ee 404 (405) fendlerts 222 2 ees 570 INDEX 1061 Sphaeralcea—C ontinued. Page Page OS eS ee See ene ees LICE (83) SG ee ne eee See earn ae Sa 674 POS MARACIONUA. 26 ea. aio. tS DME @omMAeSpyIOCne: Uo ar os ee ee 935 (873) TEN hes ee Oe ee SHS (Obs EluysOsan nese eA Go ea 493 (429) egxceereee s See eh es SOOMUOM MAS UAEOte wes eo se ee 277 (15, 262, 275) TST eee ee SO ee ee DIOS MAISON A. 7.2 ot oe ee ee _ 468 (431) pe Bete Sa nO oe a nro Din DUOMO Welles tere Set A 2 ie 681 (675) NE THEE oe eA RL SICH yA DHOTICAT POSS! = 22 Pe ee 855 (853) Teel hii wen eee ee ee 5bSi(560)) | SUntherisma. 2 ee Ete 141 paummpatalin ee: ©. See Oe Ae (HOT) STRUTS ee ee See Bes 825 WiC aren

    . ee 580 Pipa ss te eet Re Se oe es 122 Si2t ihermansis: =... <2 433 (428) intemaptess.- Te (iG re ae EaSpT 348 (23, 338, 360) aTNCTOSDCENIIS ose en ee A 8 ok PAA dharnheri. ee 461 (462) riepieeiante eae, 8 eS ie) Beemer aabervin: 2g ee 838 re 6g A Da MTree ee en ao piberanisige oie oe 2 ee 8 2 ee a nomomnyad. 2 oS pryenemipiatas = =e 2S eee ek 22 (121) | Thysanocarpus: -__-.----------=------ 363 (338, 364) eeprieicrspa see os Bek ee Se PPR Pidestromin--.- | 282 Ge 2 TEDETIS Mes 2 Dis Se ee ee ee Re DINAN SRTITEE Son a Sims Sd ee ee RUT ICIS oe Ao fea eS ae eS ICZM inGeaee er a el ke ee Ce Ee 561 Ga AP TEES: fee a> ele Ss NOR PEe RR e eee e Sapa topo ee RT os Ee 377 (374) ee re eee See aoe Pallgniisig. 9.) = Warltiisiess. Ss 123 (15, 16, 18, ny AMUN SS. Bt ST OE Ee SLL Se ee ee eee ee eee PgeN thong. 952 (870, 881, 956) SS a a oe loosen Pothnmniie <2 ee 539-541 SF TELE, | Se ap eS nt I Re a See SSS | 1 COTTE Bae I at Sica Us le ag i 486 Ne 741 ees SAS ee ee Tee Rie Lae Se eS ee ee eee bannwmasendiqe 6-520. 0 SW 914 (882) Se See) ee Sid aD ReEIGUPR ATOMS ;5 2) eo ee ke 548 (549) SPU Se a a S21 (801) | Taricoscordion___._.__..-.----.-.-------_-_- 188 SLT TES oes ee ee ZAR TPM ASPET pe = SS 153 (80) EERORODIMTN = 2 2 a so Dodd Wandeseniiane. 178 (177) SN Te a eerie eR ee 530 (525) be eT RE 2 Aaa i ee ee epee eee re Pe Erapenoren 2 ot 1023 (870, 871) Stephanowieria§ _.. == = 1021 (16, 871, hie Mlscippine i ae ea eee 130 (78) Biercuiinprae 22. oan Bau shies) | Trathvetteria. 22.2 8s 326 (316) Sb ooe= Re ee eee ee ie mee PSM Udadiiciines 2 2 9 SLL ee eat Se eee ee a ecoy iets.) oe a §12 (511, 514) Eo Ds Pee Be Be ee ee eee Pal Wal ROR nt) 0 i aie ie 739 (728) LS i: ae oe See ecb ee eee aes PZB Ea irrehnehaie 299 > 28S 141 (79) CECT ps TO Ss oe ee ae eee et WCE s ara bear ase ae ee ee a 135 (81) Su LLL! 1) Se See en ee ESC, Re ii vtea asarhornings oye en 115 CONTR Se a 126s Ren) Pisco. 983 COFORREAS 222 he ea eles) Wwirchopiimam. 2 8. 983 (874, 877) GNIINPHS 6 4252 eee Fe ee Peniea): ty richesteman | 771 (768, 770) ETT ss es See ieApemnrennanenin. 2. eo. 2 Oe 977 Bymienonies. 2 2-5 eb See A Ss 1) re ae ae 99 Retiermant «ees ee Se Se Pipe trilobite soe SS ee 442 (430) LOS) nes Re SOLE Sie eee 126 (125) Mnonannurcwat 2 444 (443) ig a es ee ee 127 OPE) TT ane el a 444 (442 MEGRIOMICARS 5 5 a se ee 125 PATIO TCU TT sn A ee 444 (442) (i eee Sees PASS eee ere 126 Ry PMNGN IE oe ern ee Ss 493 ET ee 125 dasypliyiivim = 22226 444 (443) rele ee ee ee, 126 (125) OG LT CMe ae: Se ee Se eee 444 (21, 442) MISS pee S25 5k ee nee a 126 (124, 125) SESUir NAP Gy ee DN PEE ORO a ea 444 (442) RUABHORT cos ook Se ee 126 (125) “Eni ECC) Re 1 oe Se ad eee 444 (443) NRGCINSH Ast 3 ee 125 RGSS Le ie Se Re Se ee eae 445 WOHCIRSEI DS ooh SIR get ne 125 RrpniGaiin = 3205 ~ [AV eUaicr ames ae ete wees DOI ene ys 953. (880, 881) PU CU Moen tke Bae DR eta) mreenoeenaed orem LOLS COZ) AValiaeeaeia te oie at BOE ao 116 (117, 121, 123) FISTS see hae eS Baca eon fe pee ee TONKS) (MAD) |) WAOCaOOCOMT De = 697 TR OPT TMON Sees = SRLS VEO hs ak eee eee 1O30:@lO31)F Wilolas 245.82 eee 586 (585) MUM AN OCALE Leesa sk Se Sau een eee 862)(861) | PVaolacedersa =: 22. ese 2 eee 585 (50) TTT US OR Seer oes IS OS None ee, eee Bola BGM! Vicon a Ss oN ney) ee en ee 323 (325) NTP WAE sae ee 2 22 a Oe ae ei eee ee ZUG)! ||P VAS CUTE S S29 952 ee oe oe eee 231 (234) HSN aACCAC ese eo Br ee a a TALMAG) yp Niitace ae tater hoy al eee sa ae eee ae 559 (52, om) (Ulm a cede ces ae Te ieee ee ee es Z28)(AQ) ENG eRe em nctetes Mie vee GAT 2c oe eA Be ee 761 Oil Se es ee ee Pe oe Nee ee SO Viatise sea tis tb lds A ee See oe yah ae 560 Wimibelliterdees is yee es eee 639 (47, ah Wialitzidw ia hoo ee eee ee 870 Unidos Fas ee eee sos es Case Wraltheriaws 2250220 s ee ae ee ee 581 (580) OCH NGS wre end arty a Rene ree kl oe a 134 Wiashingtonia= 223i ee eee ils) (Ch See Walepisele. cae ws See aeee wee Fie ed ean OS Wedelig= a5 0 Ss yet Se ee oes ee (GrOpap DUS es e- = = ee on ee aeons Sas 1020". -Wiedelellas= 2 a sae 5 Ue eee 289 20) (Orsiniavkes. soe ee eee. ane Soe 870) | Whippleas 20.) 2a bee a ee ee Wit Gaara: eb ee a eee 230):| (Wialeoti Gites eS eS ee eo oe Winticaceae: = Caer a =e eh ere eee 2297 (48): | WASIIZEMI ALE: 2 Sa ere ee) eee ee ae 373 ae) Ci ahi eee aes See Ce ee Seah ee ee 602: "Wolfie lila. 1s Sens Se ae Se eee ee COU ari oe eee ee ea a 2015) WWOOdSIa eS: Se 28 te SS ee nt ee eee 27 (a6) Wa cearia se 92 ee ee 315) WiOOGWardilas S22 20a re ee eee ee 31 (26) Wa ceili isi. sie eee eee ee 664 Sate Wve thiiawers 22 25 Jt eo i aL ee eee 952 (881) Viachiellig, oe as 2 eee te ee Manthismas is .oe i ae a ee 870 WEG ena eae aS Se a ae eee a ee ene 200 (201) D>: G20 al fe |) bd ee ee oe Een eS 948 (872) Vielenanaeeae 2 ee eee 859 (858) | Xanthocephalum_________________ 894 (879, 882, 896) Mallerianaceae@s 225505 s2eLee eee shots) (CI oo WO || SO ROTI See 508 (509 ) WMalenianellaas- ssa se Se Sees ones ea 859) |excerant hema ee 870 Valotaae sa 4-- 25 sue et ee ee ee LAT Xen OCASSide-2 = Sa a e e 424 Vancle veoh 282s eae ee ee ee 895.(874)) | axomenesia: 3 ee eee 961 Vaugquelinta: esa. 2s ane eee ee SOI) Nl ACM OG se ee 478 (479, 150) Were GUMS 22a ees a ale ee See TSSK(C8G)) |Pexylorhizaues See. Ss ee eee Wer asCUIM ms 5 8e>) ware ene eee eee SOUN(S00)l | bexXalosteon tes. 2 ee eee a8 Wenn as 22 eee ee TOQN(7OD) Xa lostewme: 22> = = sa ee ee 858 [OMLD TOS TOL. ema aa es ee eye eee GF Vi CC aaa eke ned eae eas ae 196 (185, 186) lonjormobarsynbavoAs ee ee EEC PAD EVA 0T S e 951 (880) Dracteatae ss AEs ae RE TE (CP) el Aono ave 75 (73) DT. MCLCOSG= 22 Le ee Ae ee ee ee 404; |-ZOpOM Gs. 3222 == 2a seen et eee eee 766 CONESCENS tee = ee See ee #60) | ;Zauschneriaee cs = 2 ses se ee 621 (620) Carolinatesess20 22 = sk ae ee TEE (GR) | Aci olanareial oe Se 28 ee Lk 202 Cilidtaean = See ee ee ee ZOSi0762)") ZOxIMeni ase 2. oa oe Soe ee 960 (881) TOOM CIN Gil ARES see Te ee ee a ee AGSEQCCEZ) SCZ cae ee eee eee 949 (870, S78 S30) STACHISRCat Aaa er awe a ee oan eee WG45C162) eZiZy Dhue ea eee se Re ee eee ae Mastatase esse eg BS aot ee ee 165463) ZOIDS ees eee ea ee ee 493 (aoe, iGusitingees eee ee ee ee AGO) WZ eka See os: ee al a Be ee 273 (263) aneKeaKy praia eee = ES ee AoE) Nl vArfeevole dibs eo ee es 187 (186) menthaefolia CRN CMR ae ere ae ee i os Oo ea yecophyillacedess sae ee eee 511 (54) MOMS MERWE 2 2 7335) (GB) || Zoya ba atom 541 (542) WII CAT AES a Serer tee ee een TSE CS TOS) |) ZA OOM ic = Se se Se 512 MOUIStAChY OC ==8 sae ee ae ee 764 NCA CTA: Ry i SE ce eee a ell ee Ail <(45116) AUS he sey kee Ee ee 640 Acanthus) familys eee ee eee S3Su PAMIUGSL OT ex bor UES ka eee ee eee ee 408 PNGKolerRaN YORAM s aoe Se ee ee PAP) |) PATA) yoy aay aK SS ee 694 Acdderstoncley 2 25.2 2 3 eee Sah ee ee 25))|(ZAmtCLOPe-SAPen = ates eee Se 250 INGO ASOMAAUD ieewooul ies 24) Apache: plumes. 22 as Ue eee 404( 18) UNC (lik ites eee ae eee aD a aoe 672;|-Atparejograss_ == 2-0 stk fe Sees 113 IAlorimony cs 222 See ee eee A08t sAtp pleses = see Seok s Ble Ce eee 388 Aizoontiamily2 5-2 ee. 2 eat ee eas ee 295. WADE CO bees ea ew ee 388 OXI Ko V2) gots aie ones Me ese re a 29) (PAD) {FAN OACO SOON Nae ee ee 568 AU a fas Coens Se ok. De Le See eae aaa A401 (412) Nl PAnIZ0na-DOD DY =e see eee 513 AU fi enia® 6 os Soo set es ee 507,|2Amiz0na-TOSeWi00 ess ee 391 AN Perit apeet 22 Pe. one ee eee 3331 CATTOWRTASS = 45 2= soe ee eee 75 ‘Mlgodoncillo: ess eee ee G9) | PAUEH OW TASS cAI Wy oe ee 75 JAD allison asset Oe cin lees OA" oho ee eae SO. leArrowihlead. = 2252. nee Bs ot ee oe 76 ANISCAle Shana so a es ee eee Df || PNRM AGRI = oe ee eae aa eee 885 ATION Ge eee ean oe SO Ce ee 388) |UArrowiwiee dss) 2. Sa sr ae ce 2 ee eee 934 (13) AUT TOO be see ee eed, ee 380i PAitichok@as S222 aie ie ha eee eet 1015 Ce) JAmaran (hives. 2c oe a ee 2/9) -Amunostamiliys 28 22 oo ee ee 175 Aimarant nite yee ae een 278i WAS Mees ayer ae ae ae ee ee eee 670 (15, 20) Jean Teves Sees 201i PA Sp anagusses Pee a os eee ee eee 186 TeRVAOKO) keeeeetaee Merete cm cram WE Eas ex Phe aay As ane ct 20231] PAS Po @ TASS a tae eal ae 216 (21, 22, ants An eeletrumpet see as = ae te eee DSGrlOASter es ae arose yee ee ae ees PAS aYeA (25 0f0XC ben eae ee ee ee eee ee G97 Atbhne ese (ars Sete ee ee 233 INDEX 1063, Page Page ISSIR, 3 SSCP CERO AR ee AGSTPDUGeDrish. 220s Jets see ee GES) PA anatan yee =e Pe Be oo ee eS 47, PBC horih= es a a ee eee 556 (557) BAbVEDINELCYeS 2.25 — sno ae ee (eon buckphom family. 9s ee 454 ACCU ANISH te = oat 2 ee ae see Oxon MitiC Keats oa =) 2 oo oe Le 261 (236) Al GlOwietee at eee eae nears eee ZeA Buckwheat brush 25:2 25.5 238 Balin OSSt ee es none ee a ee Wi | buckwheat damily 9-2 ait ee 236 LES aia OME oh cn Fe es ee eS Ufes || leno ected ye ce 2 2 Se eg eee oe 1003 (999) IES ERIN DG LIn Veer as ee a a SOs PEt al ODONny=-s 222-1 oe SL ee 617 (618) Said nA os ee A ee Oe ee Sols eBUittalo-DUTs 5 ee ot oa ee Se 795 IBaigheninyglaritlyese eee ee ey ye ae Beet PptAlO-POUTd. = = te Se a eee 863 ety. eee ee eee 104 ( oo) IBiitalop Tassie ne sre eee Dos She ee eae 139 ARINYARGOTASS. 25 ns fase ie ee Buch arie mews ers oe 2. ie ee a a 317 Basketflower, American___________-_-_----__- 101 Buse weeds- Mat 22a bel eee a ae 784 Bastard -sOadhax. 9 2 ee BUS Secd eet A-e web ite che i a 275 CPt). 222 ode ee ee ee 503 (412, so Bellieadesss ew Se Oe a ae ee 513 esl stbiaimily js: —-- 2-2 2 BM OU Ge tote a eee a 795 ISHED OR EME me! = 95a te Ur sa gee 663 UISHEE oe oh ot st oe a ee 161 RR ALG On ASG eee eee ker Oe ee Se ee EL os 50k BUT Clover sat = 2 ase ee ee es 441 Bestdtonpiiore . 2 = 52 bs BP SUN SUES TASS ieee st eels 2 na ae 130 IBSSieeT AGS ee SS ae ee ee LOO Burmarigoldts.225. 2. 8 et ee ee 964 IBedStins wee oe eae oe ee SAGK(Sp2)n MMe bse eee on te eee 409 lBeclor lian. - ee a Se ere eee reer ers (SOUMB UTM bese 2e2 oe te oe oe ee 513 Reggina. ase ee ee eee ee 223i PD UELCC ete te ae ce oe Os ee 72 Bei «= Sees es ee ee 267) |PBULrced Mamily==—- = eee 72 Boeearticks EES AE BED ee ne 29564) | SUtmODIISI: - 2 944 (408) Belladonmajss.. = = eee ee ee eee (508 SEUTROREASS Sa-miae ee eee A ee eT 100 Ry SUT Gir LS aE eS ae SOON BULKOWweedey tes 222s 2 a ea 947 Bellnowmer family —..2-22-—. = 22-- 22-2 SO 5a Mis SAC Gt wae Se ot ee 946 (947, a Bellofameee = ce eee ee ak 22a LO) AMES UESCWOLbe so 88 te eS IBETIED RAS Seen ra Se ene ee ON PButter-and-eprsau Se ase ee ee ae Renmudacrassee= fo) ee ee eee PSIG ST POULLELCUp ee ees ee Se ee 326 Lei) 3 ae ee eee MON UbbeGhYy DUS He san we eee 674 Bienes ATTN TIN y fae ie er Se Ss 835) HS UlterilV eee 603 Tae qools es ea! oe Se ee ae 357 MCAT O Wee ee eee a 598 IBIAGdersacen te. ee ee ee a Ee 771 SUING EN eta cee ee te ae ee 612 Bladderstem@as-cae a ee ee ee 247 Silvend olldirea.e es eed = 612 iBlaniketiloweises = ne 989 Sota) GCS - ie ee ee ee 612 IB azinges Garena) Sr ae 590 (593, a SUS WiDCEDV Aes ea ee 596 TBO mes oa AG Fp ee teddi-heare) 222s 2 aed eee So 615 IB Godlediassoess ot So ey a ee ss oe Cachistamillyzmes=- 222 A ae ea 594 iBloomiingesalllly<—- = 222222 se oe aS 622) pC alabazillams see sess te ee 863 IBIOWOUDPTASS #5. = noe See ee ee ee 95 | California-buckwheat_....__..-_.....-_. 252 (238) 1ST be) 67) la ee She gE Ee Rees S66s MC Aalifornia-palm = sso ee ee 175 IBltiebe lls mast ee er ae ee ae TATA Ae ALIIOLNIA=POPDVenees = 22. ae 335 Blue beri ys es ee ee Le 6044 A@ alliODSISR se 8 oa ee Ree a ya 962 IBIuebonnets2 te eo See ee ASGIRC AirOp = Seek 6 oe SY See Pe ee 512 IBVUCCUTISSES (92 see ee ee ee se Halaiaealbrop familly Nes st ee 511 Blvedicks meee. 2 Se ee Ost Camelthonmiee. ose ek eee 2 eee 491 iBlivereyed-orass = ese Pe Se 207 MCennno cab Sea ae Be eae 996 IBlwerrasshiet eee ee abe eee ee 90 (78, a @amote-de-monteres 2 e228 2 Fe a ee 465 IBC Canister Se ee ee ne @amote-de-ralons= == ee oa JBI Go tik: Be ty eee ee, See See ei Wamlphor-wee G5) pe =e Soe ee 898 IBN E WEG Ors ee a ee ee ee a ne OGta || (Ofna 0 0 See ee ee eee 312 (313, 314) Bluewood,-Miesican: 2222 sess ee DOW OC ANAISTOSe a: a aoa 2 eek ae ee 256 Borage familly See erase oe Sel Soe a AON AMARVOTASS oe kee eee ae ee 140 IBOUNCING DCU. =) ann eee he eee ee Sion GAN CCL-NOU Use. 92. een a wa eo a 2 eee 836 IBOXE] Geren oe = eo ee ee 552 ay @anchalartia gees: en hoe eA 8 675 IBoOxstamulllysss 6... Se NS ee eee Ganesan yer a ee a ee 370 IBOxledi ame ote us) Se tee ee 550 31) (ard wae ese a ee St 640 IBTACKE Mee a iis Bhs ee ee @ardinalflower. -3- 2252-33 2-- 2-2-8. 869 IBTEACTOOULE = 2 ee ee ee Me Warslessweed t= Se aa ee 279 (280) iBrickellbushtoas = oe te ee SS @amaione. aso. oS eee ee ee 303 Bris ani=teQssse ss eee eee eae eee Os GAL DO WORd apie ne ee - ISTISUIEE TASS ae see eee Sete eee TAS (IAS RING arbi zObee - a oe eee Le ee IBTithle DUS se. Sse ee a OTs Arr O Gees eee eo 657 (640) IS TinGLe era eee ron hee Lene gee ee ee Pe DUM R@ALTOUlOniaeses ee Se ak ea 654 IBTOMG Seer ee ee re ee eee Sovip@ashewnatamily ee ee 548 IBLOOKETASSh oo. a en ee eee Oni |e@astornenlerca o.oo ee 531 (524) Brooklime cAmericane 269 oes koe ROAM IB @ Chit yee Bye es 312 (313, 314) IBTOOMTape ree oe ee es eee S36) |R@atchiy-centian = —. 2). 2 ee 681 IBTOOMPAapevaniliye ae eee ee RS Oui CUGL Wee Se Ro ke 418 (15) BTOOMWOECOE eee tage ee SOG GE ON reer eet er eee 774 1064 INDEX Page Page Gattaileiese Se 24 ee eee ql (Gey. te Crowlo0ts. 222.32 ee ee ee 326 628) Gattailifamily. 222392222 = eee Crowfootiamily=-— =e a eee Cattle-spinach2.2-2 ee ee oro Crowlootgrasss) 22230 2 ae eee 138 Ganliflower:2 cae eee eee eee 338 Gor Crownbeard-.3 0 so oe) eee 961 Gedar 2583-2 ee eae ee eee Crown aisy.20 S22

    250. se oe 966 ee ye Rete ee SPE ny Ie) 245 (246, 248-250, 25a) CObawees es Se Fe EL ee 964) Eiryngolets. 36S 22a Se ae ee 642 Cottagrass- 2-22 3 ls 21 ae ae Fy 99 Resapaccolomda Sot oh ts CaN 2 eee ee 458 @ottone: = S22 ee ee eee 5791C561)) MEScobDItal l= 255 2 eames ee eee ae ae eee 831 Cottontope: aS aoe Sea ee ee ee T41 | SBspartoss 25520 = es eee 125 Cottonwo0dees= eae 214 AS sT5 920521552116) 5 Bis teats cite eee eeprom 1002 (999) Covenalis 622 2. sere 2) Wie ey dale eee 193) Hivening-primiroses=2 0 ss) es 624 (620) COw-Darsnip ss 252s ee ee ee 657 | Evening-primrose family__________--------- La Cowship si s05 bans Soe aoe elas oe ee 665i eR vening-sn0 Wee eee es Cow-bobaceo.s43 6 ii saa ia etre S16: Everlasting#- 95555: 35.5 see ae Gases 938 (fo) Coyote-mclonaa aes. ee ees 863) |) Bairy dusters=( 2-56 ays eee @raberass ge ie se EUS ays Ue 141 Rall=watCherassie = sass nse seen 2 eee eee us @TAneS pillow a ee 5 SP eee PS oe a 5050p Halse=l Uta GT: ASS eee aera ea een 139 Creamibush: 2229s 225i te ee ee 392 | Balse-calmloniile toes meee seen 998 Cream CupSs fae ow 5 ane ee ee 334, |b Ralse-dandelign = sea as aaa eens 1031 @reosotebushise se = oo see a ae aN eee IPA (GI8) |) La eo hero mlaeeol = ne 775 POSS SRI sete st anew aN eas Ry eS 338: (346) Malseflaxy So tie aie ae wy een ee oe meee 360 @rested=coralroot= 2 n= ee 2A eHalse=helle ore maaan any nena neem 188 (186) Crimson Peaks. see TER NS OE 421. .\) Malse=indigo z=: ase ee ee ee eee 452 @rinkde-a wine eo ote ho er eel eet 15 Su | EB aISE-101 OS GUL bee eee 413 WTOSSOSOT Apt aura lyse ee eee 387)!" Halse-penilynOyalesse sues seneeete smn mem 770 ~ INDEX 1065 Page Page False-Solomonseal__.__=.-.__-.--------_-__- PERI AE ATE RATION: tn ee ees 1005 TS SE OURO ee a es Se HOO7 Gr Ay INO! =e Soe ee 942 (870) Weather rornninm.. 6 pacat | Eerie (2 ci Cee Sees eee eee pe a eee 894 Ca a ae Se ee eee ee eat) SI op a Aen ene meee ee 228 PIGS = Se es eC ee Oe See ee 6485640) MEISE TASS: 2 ee ee a= eee 107 Rarnbisht oat 2505. ke et Se 2 Ee aU) (aE TCS Ces ES Ee oe ee ee ees 866 Mera Ale yo ae | ee ee 26M aares-car-mnstard= 222 2 Se 370 Marnicaiiee so) oes eee eo ee ROM WIG e 27a nae ee ee ee ee Ae 1021 aris nmaier allics =e oF 8 a ee DASHA WKSDOATG. Soe oor 282 27 he = ee 1031 TERE Tey, = yg oh MaMa gine ee = ae en Sa ee SP) peti 6 = Fee ee et eee 1033 Pe re erp ee iD PLE 8 Cy 3 (ae ome ee neo ter ae ere 394 Piped dle CCK ee te ge eee ee Sad Te ZooueHcathertiamilys or 2 es 659 apaniere ee ao ee ee Sin ME COSeCTCL GIG == 4 on iS aes eet eee we 776 feewore samy 6 2 Ee Te WOON euotropes!..22 v2.22 a eB Pee 742 (740) Bal PTOG ee ames Che er Cee nae 2 Pape liGborine =. — fas on ee oe ee 210 irerprass jeubaer. 2 6.208) os ee won | ELSE Uy ee 786 TS Ry Ne is ae ete ee G5u(e2-bO)b pe eneguen ee ee es ELIF LER Gt evo ts ES eee 554 WOUT-OClOCKere oe as eo en PEGS) BPEL ODHOLR DCAM < = So Fe eee 221 Hout-o clocksamily. 2-2 a ee ERO) S Ase meng whee eX ee ee ee ee 274 WUOXC1 DNC eo oe re Ee ns = 5 TIE) NCSEIES) IEE CNC) Hr e's Nee Se a et ek ee 516 Hak tele eg et ee se ew id eHorned-pond:weed. 222 ee ee 75 ANCOR {ol -reisdlepemer es vere oe oe ee eee RASMPISOUIWOLG= do 5 ee oe oe, ee 315 REASTANL-DILLCRWeCO= = 2-5 FT eee O84 helormworiaamily 2 2 8s Ss Pas Bs eee 315 AGRO Wee et i en as Se DSU SHOrSc Denies a el Se Sate Se ee 426 Mine odes ee ee ee UPS) FE Rey roCe) 6) rb a) 6 ake Sa ee 1005 Wray ees Fee ee te OR BTIORSCNCLGIG 22.65 ae ee kN en ee 795 AUS - Dia y ee ee ee Ree BUS NEIORSe she eS ek et eS 43 “ESTED NDT Ae ee pla ee SSOHorsetaiamily=o == =A 2 ee F 42 “GREP Se ae a oe ee es ee ASAa a) MITORSe WEOGree ee Aa Se oe 923 ETH Sh Se ee EE ee ae eee ieee) PREG ERS (ie te) oe ee ee eee eee ee 416 (Carli Cee ee Ee Bae ee 189) PHnmmine bird-Lrumpet...- 2 = 621 Cera nae ae ee GION Sls ClenSO ere hae see Se ee 957 (13) (eniitnamaniiye- = eo eee eee ee G(Aagsin@inn-pean se) ee So es ee 501 ierinigmgamity =) 2 ees ee eee SGonwindian-blanke 2-22. . e 989 emnander = 2. ee ee WOON inGlan-ehick weed: =— 2 = 7 ee 296 CEPATCTSS sh 2'0) () en aS el ee MASP G AT -COnTMe. see elt nee te 154 Ginnineced sewerce nn te ee) ee SEROMA -ObasS = ee ee So 152 MEATS 1) ee te ee ee ne ee ee GSSULINGIAn-hempe. = So ee A 685 Gainsengaamilyss = soe 2a ee ea Ges hindian-lettuce-*.- = 2 301 Giobe-aminranb tees ee ee eee ae oan ia Ginn THAN OWE == ere a a ae ee 563 Gilobe-artichoke 222 ee ee ee HOLS pina male gs | see 5 ee ar ee 123 elobenisdilower so ee a HOG PiInGianpipe-weed— 2 <= Se a 247 iabethisiiesse==_ Same te eS ee eee SiHnpindian-plantain= we Se 1005 aC eee ee ee ee DANM eR GIATITOU bees ee ee ee 655 (235) Onisuenide sh--~ 2) 5 oes se se ee eS OZ AAIMGIAT WHCAL =. oes ee es oe ee 842 iaelden-asipie se ee ee SUT I Qe eee a yee ne. See se 449 (412) Kinidentinwmese ewes nee ee 5a pndigopush = =e ee ee 453 (452) nidenheatern2e. -. 4. eae ee 2 ee ae BOP DEITY ee a ee ee en 2 858 GROG TEED OE lt ere ye a a ome ave ee ARE) | IGYCEE eT c)i hl 1 iaetee Se ey ec eee eee 276 Gaidenrod =. > ees ee ee CRON S7O ei MniSt am yore en ee ee 205 igpldentop ens + 9. ets ew SOBEL OTI W000 Wee ee eet Es be ee 466 (13) A OIGCYG-CtASG ee. 2 en et ee eS ee ee PU ZI ACKASS-ClOVED. a. = eS 7 GEC) GLE gs a a als Sap pene oi ene im oer Salle acops-ladder... ee 726 Goidneliste=e-~. -eee 6 aes eS 974. derusalem-artichoke.. 2-2 3 = 870 (Golondringt sen 2 aah A oe ae BS oe eT SAOna ig Rose see oe ve ee es Ss 265 {FOOSE DEITY ee ee SSS amnT Weed 2 Fe ee 908 Go0seiooi sae ts Fa ee ei eee Dogcoa el aTSONMWECOS 2 2c ges ! a ee a 797 (798) Gousciooamily...-- 222) fe a AON PROUT SONOTASS oot os 152 (78) GET ee 5 NE RR A ele i nee SOOUET oingliie see = ot ee ee a ee 70 Gaurd sarily =) Ses ee ee eee NOUHELOMALHE Alaa ye ones 2 ee ee 7 CEP REET CO sol a et hs oman eine a A SORE a TOIO DA oe ee ee Oe ee 547 Grauadniae: coo... ee eee DSSHPOSBUA-eR See 198 dGrangiatners-Deard. = 2) eS LOSE Roteeh cyt ais oY2: ee ee rae a ee ee 534 Granjeno= <>... ee Aer3)| 2 PETS 1) ee Sa a ie eee ee eae Se eres 584 Tek eee ee ee ee ee Le LD WESTON Ec sea 584 rape tara ye oe fo" eee te PS ee ee ROMP TATICET ASS eR gk Ree eee ee ee oe 106 SERRE ODS 0) 5 gh area Be le oct Sle hdl ae a MALTHPIG TIGR hone nn Re 147 CREDO 15 Ci poke oe ea or Bt) renee 6 a A eee DLE AL eC eu gsc) eee ee el ee ee 68 (19, 20, 22, 69, 70) SEDANS RATAN ee eee Fe PP BIaneVWwONG. ss 453 AE EASSE tS eee en eee 0 eS ee POSH KONATERETINOR =o. ote a ee 663 GTass-0l-Parnassus=.e es ae eee RR anaGn een ee ne 1016 SreASewOOG sen. ule ee Sek eee PLOdM Oe a EEIOLOEASS. Oe ee 143 Pree TI -WIGl yerrn St. eee een a ae Sek te PIE OU MORO ees SS et 257 (236, 258) GroniyGHeomee se ser ee ee ee OLMBIOR CATO ae sees ee ee Oe 363 ST OUNOCeMane lee =e BS ee GUN PIGRGIGS-ERESSES Se fe ee 210 Granngdchernys = so ee se eS 7 USO Re vei ee Sar iets as Rearend ene a 34 1066 INDEX : Page Page Vad yslipper=.s5-4 22s ee 208: Miockorang ¢s2232 5 ose 5) Sat as eee 382 Wamibsquarters..=)2- 483. ee ee 266) | sMock-pennynoyals==s-s.: 42s2— ae ee eee 781 “Warkspurmeesoss st ee a eae 318) Mohave-stinkweed2222--- = 5.220 Muaenae 373 AGANV.C TIC Cece oe La sce iene eR de ene 767!) Mitotic plban 2 775 TB CAEM OTTO Wier teem eo Be) || IMiopalicenaclony Grn 818 Bechuguillas i ae eee 202 Mionkshoode ss ss Sale ee ee 321 ] Dyes] eeag ae ER on ee tn Cy spe te 189A MVEOOM Sees feurr ill yee en eee oe 333 WOM ON Ses See Ee ee ie he eee D145 | Miormon teazs- Sos ee eee 70 Wemon- Verbena =a eee 2615) Morning ¢l ony = eee ee Se 708 lennoa tamilyec se eee ee eee 659) PMEOSGUNGO=fe Ter ees ee ee eee 42 Wenscale::. act ek Ee Ue eee 272)) Miotherworts.2 862.22 sce ae ee ee 775 Meth Cease: ee ee ee eee eee 1028 eo MouUmtaIN-aShiee a eos Las een ee ae 392 WAG OTT COL asd eee a Caer ee Moun tain=balim eee eee ee 739 i Dall Ko hae eae es oe ee rei ee ee Oe A De MOUMITaITI-d and Ch OTe eee ee 1030 i all gae ene ere ee Re cey See EI SE 194 (185, 18) MOLE ROMRA Le 5 Waly :famnil yc. Sa ee eR ee ee IV (OVouMN eVTTNo yy erP = Wind ent fami ye See eee eee 561 Mountain-mahogany -__----=--_----__- 406 (18, aon) TWA Ee Tern eee SL le Sto) || WlOVobatRNbN-COmnele 2 et iLjvanrohesmilsevomhy = ee a IMIOUSe-ear-Chickswiee dase aoe Voasa, family. @. oi. 4 eee ee eee Miousetails [ac 2 pees ee Sega eye een ae 325 WO CO ms i a oe oe ee 487 (489, 41) Mud-plantain= 2: oe Soe ae eee 178 MO COW CEG eee ae a i ee a ee IME WOE t= =e 0S Ss ee Va Deel 823 FOCUS eee mae i ee ies Minin ye es a Bin a ee 113 TRO STU eat ea TT ype 6743) Miullberny= 270) 22 3 ee ieee 229 HU OS WOO oo cet eee eS Parr ee ee ZNA|| troll over Te Noa Ne oo 228 oosestrifen ssn kesh tre e Rape eee 619 58) Mulles-ears.. 2-622 eA ee eee 952 HG OOSES EL © yea TT yap Wiullein 222) 2s seo ee 2 en ee alt Tote bush ea. eae ais ee Se IMiusk=thistlese.: 5 452 so eee IGOVAS C= ee Sees Bee eA ee eae eile G49 | IVEUIS tate (27a as ee ee ee 351 (338, 352, 259) OV CSTASS! ice 2 ale Ties pete Soe yeti es Joes ee CO} INIT eNO Le oobD hye ee Wove-lessbleedin gi 222 sets. some. eae 281) svi ttOns Tassie yee aS. ee eee se eae aah TU Gerne!2 =k oe ee aor ree ee 440 AN@tlwOnieeee = See ee 312 IRE Ua LN OE ea as I rad ene a AS4)| Naval O=teake Sates oe os Se ae 964 Madders sa2 ee Sa apes cin ae eee S45 Needleprass: 240 3st sek oe See 124 IME OKO yea econ hae eee ee Se RES oo S45 PNGt bles Be 2 a) oer alee ae 230 IVE OT OT 0 sector es eee a red 66220 Ds eNettletamily. ee ee 229 Wiad enhait2~ = ota eee a ee Bbi|PINGevilaSsee nes 3 ol ee a ee 748 IMUSIC: Sot ot ASE Ee ee pe 78) (54) Night shaders. ese ae 793 i) Nis am Were 2 Se aes se ae Pees a a2) NGG bark se 2 sok. Sh pe es a ee ee IW aIEdC-0)0S25 5a ae ae ee eee eee 566! | Nogal. = s25 soe 2 sashes 28 eee i Vial efor sian shes Se eal Aa Rees Real a 30) SNonesuchit= <3 4 wc ee ee ee 441 Miao Wie 2 a i ee Ce ee 2 ENUtetasss ey ees eo ee ae ee eee 156 (158) INTalLOwetam type ae ge eee ‘SOU | Oaks Ae see Sin he eee eee Malpighian tamil yes oe ee ee 518 VA@IZ0n ae 225 2 Sos ee ee a Mann aprassss=220s 200. UT ee Sah, Herat wa 89 Dplack jake: 2 cst fee ee eid eee 227 GUE VAC VaDY ee pap Oe ee ee Oe em eee omen OL 663 (18) MOLY Se 2 ee ee ee 227 RIN ierT 1 Ces ne Se ce 552 (20, 208) inal amigeraiee em eee 227 (20) Maple familyes pene. 14) Ss eee NOE eet ee TAY 2222 soo ees ee eee ee 225 INTAT ES tail ewe es ech te es ae TeciCanl blve 223 Set 5 ee ee 225 Maric Olde te see ees EU One a tes 991 metleaf: 22) Sos) srs eS anes ee 224 INT rio Sue trie. eae ec iy oe 942 (Palmer 2)'ts..aiooa se OSA PCy eo ee 227 INPATIDOSA Ss eee ee as sa eS 194 (185, Bae Rocky: Viountaintshin===== === saan 226 I (ev qolale) olsi pee wma et ed SE Ee Rocky Mountain white________________ 227 WES ob Sea ee Ee ee oa Scrub ees ee eh ee 225 Marshmallows oe ne ee ee eee ee 561 TROUMMIG yi 22 Sse Oe eee ep ee nee 225 IM (Te oH COA LOO laa ee AR ee 316 Wl bel Ga feces Sneha ees ee 227 VAT SHU URE S121 Cee eee eyo ee COPIA NCO Yr} Ree ie ee ee te ee ee at 108 Mat Chiw.ce dic te: earth a Nee ee S 96H HO at eT ASS ois hee ee eee eee caer He IME YAUOT 00) 0) ON 336) /KOCeanSplay = 22522 ae ae ee ee 391 MAY WCCO stints 18s ee ee OS97EIKO cotill ose eS Nee ee eee 583 (7, 1») INICADOWEUC So Sian St OS Ne TG eet eae SBil |! Orcornlloroonlhy. 2 INT Cd 1 CKa se: Ses 5 bie as ae ak eee pea AG (VO Korres en A cc eS SN aS eae ee oi IVI CLIC ETASS seule hteah coats BAN 2A A ey es O77 Oldiman=wihiskerseaess= 2 == === eee aon me 404 VIC OME as eso Rr ei ee oe ee S60) FOleand ens= os se 8 Sues ee nye Se Ne epeeniee vee 682 IMEC LON Cilla sean AE en ets See See Uae eae LOA RONG AS TOT 2a aia ae ee a a eee ae 617 IMelOn=lOCOM Sse sae es hey eee oer Oleaster familly. oe a ee 617 IVICS Callie a8 a2 Se Fe A ee 202) |KOliviG se eee aera eS ee ee ees 670 MUGS QULGG mses Se oa Sees es as ee 419 (13, oy Olivexfamiily2s4553 2 ees Se eee an INTES Gui till ieee es Ute sare Scare One- seeded Dur-cucwmber sae Mexican-devilweed2== = 322 16 Onioner2 352s ee ee eee 189 (186, sa Miexi can=Stant2e252 sevae sasley Cloak Bee eas 1935 |T@Onmi on erasses oe ee aes Vee eee re eee 9 IMiexican=feag sec. sia 8 es caren ee Oe 265 |KOTAChes =. 2 2 he SS Se aes eee SS ve ae rade! 267 Go Mexican=thistles= 22. oan ee Ae ees 643) ROA Cie SSA ee eee ee Oe IMMETOOVORRNS EON S74e tOrchard grasss = seen nee ee ee 6 IMEI OU E pee Ss See ho bern he Sree eae CMe Orooncligueriihy. ee 207 ING KG hIShless 2 So Ae oS eee See OSD || OrerxoaEl NOOO! = oe 551 Mike Vet C bet saa Si eee ee eee 469: Orefon=erane: 252-5" =e eae ee ee 333 IMiilkawee dR s aS! ne sues Se eae 689R(GS2A694) Optra eta rrall lye 374 Miilikaw. ee cefarmtl iy Se se eres bee neil eee! S|] Orbe Kornoleermollo 3 197 Milkewonttamil yoni shoes sea i ae eee 519 Owniclaw Saas soe: eR Sas ee ee eee 988 IMUbING SE olor noaihy AU Zi k@Oiwil CLOVIET oe 5 See eae ee ew eee a 831 MVEIMeTS=le Fb COha ka Saas es Mee ee eee BUTE EO RO V.C Le eee SR A PA eg 950 Misi GE BS eae Ae ieee ee eee Cet (COL) || OoxGN OHO BI Ghose eke ces a eee 999 Mii tifa mailliy,5 eee ice ae 167. (Oysterplant. 22-2 2S Se ee mene 1023 IVNSSion bellSs oss eee as a here ee eee 194) MPachabas 2s See en son eee eee 892 INGIStIC LOC MES eee ee eS a See pees PROGR) | TM MIR N= a Ee 826 Mistletoe family see sss = 2500 | ealpfarn ily soe 5 es se age oye eae 175 IMO ea OKLA pod ape sl bad CevITAG I fe Ye panes eaeaerre pene Sh See Ek 198 IMEOCR=1O CUS Ge ike aac ee lad Sees Seta AGES Teo aeons so CE 228 INDEX 1067 aoe Page ale de-Wierty t= Se ae Se ot SS SA, eee Ce eae eters eee. © 214 LES cor? (ane ee ie ene 425 (13, 426, 552) ORD Ysa a <> ee, ee Pee 334 PAAASIIASS So 82s)? ea ee ee Jo Poppy family 2 ee 334 LETTE TS 1 2) ea an eine CS Co) 2 ee Ee a oreirpnier rss. 20.25 2 i seta Be 124 TETo Ce Sh: SY Cl | Ce ee A ee ee ee eorniaca family. =) = oe oo 297 eS Ve nen eS en ee DSO NMOL) ae Ween Se 7 Papuan: 0% Se oi el ee =A PONpE OLatOwainily= 2 2) oe 786 MARIO PAL HOT. = 3. oe a ee ne ee GioneLowaerkorn 6 5... 1252 8 a ae 305 WAC Oye ae ae Oe ee GAD) Gerairieclover=-) 2 -=— = 462 (463) Parley nwiiiy: =. ou. = ee ee eee 639 Eres epopey SuOee Sees oe oe Fates | 336 EDS ee i ees ee eee SronGt ee rickiypeaie 2 Se 607 (14) Pyandee-pea! =. So ae eee oA PETAL OS ene ae Se ee 665 ASSIQUHOWEE.- =. - "ee ee Heo rsmTOse glttihy = = OS ease 664 rassionflower, iamily= oo Rei ainipksne er oe ye 860 Pepa abo): oe. ee ee Pa pine nreyine 8 a 513 Ben hisses sees oa en ee aes 453 | Pursiane common. 302 PACH a. 8 as a eee eS ERISI GN eos Sn ee ie Oe a. Sa ae 302 [rw rer hee ae Pips Se Se Be ee ee Ca Aa aISS VLOGS eee en os Bo) et ine 937 ar. 2 2 eS a eee ee eee DHS MEWVACLHINNY nee a ee 870 Pearl-everlastiag.< oes ee See ey Ee yroln, sidepeliss. = 2. Fw 662 WeariwGlise! =. ea ee DOG M HACK OTASG stale eS ie 100 ML AaTaRs eee 8 A a AGO MO@UAUDTOSH 26s. we 272 Be LORy ee = Le ae ee 24°) | SS EL) Ger ros oe es os eee 744 Weneihower—- 5. ee ee ah 35 | Ih Ged 0 Pp as ae ee eee ee eae ere ne © 280 WanRYCTOSS S42 05 = Phe ste ns eee ee BASH Mdelite SAlnd Oeste = ee ee ee 27 Pennyroyal, Amernein] oo 22222 Sheek VETTEL 70 9 ee a a ree = PED PElPT ASS =a = ie ee ee BIOMOL ONE tamiily—. = —= 9. ke Se BPR ents se ee tee eee Jeni Wo use DUS ss Pa es a 405 658) RepperwGres =~ etee e Jo aba\} Seanlert sth @) Yr) epee 2 eee eee ee ee Pepperwornmunily 2-202 oy VLE TUNG CRS (pes eee ae a a eo 908 (S70) (DN ETT as see a ee eee eee ee. (DON SAD DILIOOL-oTass. 8 ST 112 TOA eal et Se ees NA ee TEED (SET OS (eT Se ee ee eee eS 353 = Pickerel weed damily.. is) ehaitesingamily. 8 2 eS Pickiow eed ree ae en PiGNPRAS WEEE) mre is koe a eee 945 (370) bragnisernye sn Se Ee PUT UG LESS 0 Oo 1 5 rr cr ee ee nS 395 (388) ELST 7 Sa ae Ee eee at ean eho PLT DT A ee eg a ce ee ee eee 421 (422) iarey perenne as oS SO a eentlelage ee ne ee 433 avray weed a8. 2. 5. a ee ee eee 377 | Rattlesnake-plantain_______________________ 211 ap Weeder oe eee eee ae 263 (279, ae Ratiesnake-weed-— 2) 2) 22 = 535 inicio ges. = eae Bure Weer 6s 28h 2 Sa fe 469 (487) zi ea ee ee eee 7) PRN ERMAGTASS eee ee ee 150 Se Tepe ite 82 Sg Roe Seaview: roldentod:: 608 908 PGA CASTE ewe ee ee en a 63 (20) Sul O06 eS ee oe ee aoe ee 422 iAzizonslonelear = 22 = 2 Bou edmindsSss 0.22) ese aE ee 299 Brisnlecude = — 3" ee See ee ee Bid pied peppers 34-45 ose tT Ae ae 793 (786) Witihwatiia ee ee eee “opal all) | PERCE Cat 0) hee abe Ree ne be eee See 280 fexdstiee ee 1 Ses Pie ee ee [Erp RDI a2 Ou 8 Sek Se CO eee ee eae on eae 275 anor 2 Sie. od ee ee G22) a ivedscale = reir eS a eee ee 270 Wiexicamiiwhite: <-..2). 5-2. = GANCW) A PRCCd ose cans tes ee ee 97 LEE hoe ss So Se Py oes oe GING 5759 (G0) amieed crass to ee 109 Pond erasweee es ee sa ee ee leima-dea-noche. = ee 595 WESLCER SEM OW eo pee, SSeS ee Te 350) a SER CSCHIECT ASSEN coe wes Pe 2 83 Wyllie lee eee By. ee Gn piesinpwrecd sa 2s Se a ee 896 Vellowaesee. 22 es AS ee GON vnodeseraiss 2 == see Pe 135 Pineapple tamily: 2! eo. Ss eos ZUG) Plas shel Ons ls ee ee een ne eee 236 Parieniple- weeds =] oe Se ee oH NE} Ea EGLO) CCN Ob sz 2 ta ee a a 140 BAN CUT ORS Ore ae ee ee ad RRS WOTES fo ee a eee 844 PACTS hee ee ee eB LE OREO R see to ee ee sche se NR AS ee 78 Hawai a ee eh STEEL GEDTAGS seer ae ee ee. Lo a ee 123 ETDS we See See ae RS ee ee GH ERGERCTOSS a he a Oe ee a 366 ara pie See 2 eS eee OeaCOCKMEL IOS seer ae a ea ee 593 Weiva tad ees ee os ee ee ee SRA ROCK PUTSIANG. 222255 9. = ee 3 8 eee 299 oo Se ee ee ee ES Es 303 | Rocky-Mountain beeplant_________________ 371 Bintciatyes BO EBLVOSAnY Deans 3a ee ee ee 502 aay On see eee, as 61 (19, 20, 59, a) BROS eres ea een ae ONE Don 409 (388) atiyOR-TICEIEASS = ee EEUSO anti y en ead Pe A pe 388 Pipsissewa___=.__-_--------_-- ee aes 680 Ee@Seraa all yy ee ee ee Ot See 78 PuAhaya er ee eee ee LAD DY [LEST SD Crh ae ee ee pees A Se 767 Pachineks ! > 2a s fe) See oa ee Eth PLEO TST STE) 951 5 ee eee ee ey Eee 933 TED VOS ney: to ee ee ese EF eS BRAT ROUPE-Dlad be 6 a hos oe NS ee 295 Bie reesamily.). = ee ee Sey LEST C000 ae eee Se 514 la aiieer = SASS ee, ee 842 (844) IS Titer ee ek SRE See Ae el 2 1) 179 inaianara y= Bek Seen ant SHooriathy «en 2c Ps eS 17 HIPGLISY 100. eee a2 RSS ERTISSIDTA CULV Ge he ee 617 yaa oe oe ee ee AIDUGSS) mi sediSslan=Lnistie= 278 lam Dare iataily. 2-222 ee Se CD! ba Sa es Cs a ae 105 PAINE OTAGS Te ne es ee fe Se ee = (i PASC FY Ue an a Oar a ee ee 120 (15) Eeinsethia= se — 2 ee ee ee ee Fae aE) One ee ee ee. Se 777 (767, 778, 780) Eosenbennock = - <2" sse: ieee. fee 640 Sagebrush See Es ERY eee eee ees 999 (1002) IRGiSOn-inye ees. eo et ee do eee Se ee PRO M SSEVEC gr sa a ee 595 ISG Tae sy a eee PMA SGT ELT ITY Ce hate ie aie ae a 595 (7, 13, 594) Rake Delis ese ae eee 278 SUR ee SS = ee - 1023 (870) IROKepeIryHamMily. = ee ae b> ee Se 3787) (ESSE Uj 0) FS © 267 Gs, 270, 272, 273) rake weedeat. 2. 8s. ae Bee SS 295 | Saltgrass._______-_________- a oe 96 EOE ASC See een 28 | Saltmarsh-fleabane________________._______- 935 Wand weedeat 6s es ee eee qo joandalwood family. 2 = se 235 PanGgweedvarmllys <9 22 ssa + Se ee {RWIS ee eS ee ee eee 663 Poormans-weatherglass_____.----__-_-_---_- oe PPE Ly ce ee Se eee eS 149 EOP COLTE GWE ee oe ae oe es ee ae ai eS leg ete © asta ae ees 188 1068 INDEX Page Page Sandfoo@ 2: 22-222 36s ee eee G59 E SDI ero werner] == enn ene ome 371 Senn CHD ype eo ae Sgn 189) |\‘Spidergrass =" = 422) ae ees oe ae 128 Sand paper-plant asses ses soe eee 589) iS piderwort: = 25222. we eee 178 Sandteeds s25).4.0 3h ae a ee eee || OCS AOrieveol hye 177 Sandroots2 23.2522 Se ea ae 659) Sprkenard > Agericans=="55- sse seen 639 Sand spurny: 228 ee eS 310) | (Spikerush sot =* oe se eee eae 163 Sand verbenas sess ea Soe eee 203 Spinach ee he eel i ae Le ee ee 262 Sandi wortice2225 2 a8 os eae ee eae aera 307) | Spleeniwort:s: S222 2. svi See ae 32 Sangre-de-Cristo:.-2=-- 3-02 =e 532 is prangletop >. 222" 2.7 Sana eee ee 132 (78) Sangre-de-dragos. 22) 2 = 525. en 532i Spring besuty..2= == 4- == 2-24 eee 3 Sapote family <= 2 232.22 eee 669) pS DEuCe hens Se ee ee 63 (22, 64) Satintail 2222s ee eee 149) | SIDUE Seo ee ees eee eee 534 (539) Sawerassecc cel es hl ees AGSH IS DULLES Marra ys = eae vee eee eee ee 523 Saxifrages (225) Se ee ee 378 | (SQUASH. 29. 52550 32k a 860 Saxifraceianmllys: =e Soe seen eens Siti] SauUaWw-ap plexuses. Sls. ee 394 Scalébroom’.. 2s 2 Se ee 1003:|-Squawiberny 2520 6s 1st seen eae ee 787 Scarlet-bugler:2( 0.323 See S01:| (Squaw bushy :(: 223 ek’ Se eee eee 549 (18) Scarlet-nunner. 2-222 8 ee 503) |i Squaw. cab barca ane eee 344 SCokeeait ot oe eee ee ene 295 | Squaw-lettuce, western.__.--_-_ 7) 21 729 Screwbean; Mremont. 2222 = 25 eee 420) || SQUaWEOOb. ¢ 2-3-2222 225 ee 836 Scuri-peal ca) eae Serna: here eerie 450; Squirreltaile © 2-552 2 ee ee aren 103 Sea-purslane.- 35-22 ose ee 2 eee 206 |'St- Johnswort. 22. 3-22 - es eae 582 Sede ewsu sins shoe ole ee ace eeein e MG sea ooh 168° | St. Johbnswortiamily ssa ee ae 3 582 Sedge'family2s 2h Eee anaes 155) Starhowers25 52. 60S sa eee 201 Seed boxes 2225) ike oe eee 621) |/Starleafi 2.62. 213 ee ee 515 Seepweedros. 200) 1: Saye aoe ee ae eee 277 | starhly: 2) 22.2222 ea ee EN ee 189 Seepwillows 2203) Sz eee 934 (932) iStar-thistle: =.= Se eee eee 1016 SOC Oat ye eres oes tee ee eee eee 195 (194) | Starwort___--- Saawes Sees we ed oe 304 Selacinellatiamily.-0s alee eee 44 | Stickleaf_____- EER ee meas es 8, 590 Seltheal i: 22-222 030 2 ae ee 7715) (Stickseed: <=. = eee 745 Senecagrass-< 2. oo stash ee 140 | Sticktightes< 2 ee ee 964 esa oY: Vim mea eh ee Meee tees ak Dele inte We Mal SL 499) Stink erasse 2-8 see ee ee 93 Series 2a Ss 42 10\ Stinking-willows =. ==--)— = = ee 453 SEMSIbive-jOlmtvetic hime nena ee 492|'Stitchweed=2=20- 2a eee 304 SenSItiVe-pea- ca oo ees ceed a ee oe A424) SCONCCLOPs-2 == 25 ee ee 375 Senviceberrytouoos see a En ee eee 392: Strawberny. <2 .4° 02 te ok eee ee eee 396 (388) Shadscales uss aes ee ee 973) |(Strawiberry-blites== ee 265 Sheepiatis 2 22-—. = 4 1 oe Se ee 273) StrawilOWwer_<]-- =.223 5 25— e 870 Shepherds: purse sae eee 360 | iSuGan=erass)o8 0 sees es eee 152 Shinleaia =. Seales ee ene oe ee 662) (Sugar bushi: 23- = 53522 ee eee ee 549 SHO EINES Cares see se eae ere 668) (SUBancam es lise a a ee ee 78 Silktasse le ay-c20 ose a ee eee 6581S) 9] HS call Ta vars El wy ere eee 250 SIIVERSTASS snes See Se ee 78 | SGMae:- 2-2 Ue ee eee 548 (550) Silvenweedeetcs ts oes ol eee eee See A (0) is CELIA C=C af CSS ea 275 Simanubavtam ily ses. e eae ee Sig Sumamer-lila Cx ee = eee eee eee 674 Suites 22 eee ie ee i ek ea Se eee 596) |\SUndropsi2 2.26 tae ae ee ee 624 Sisal] isis. Ns Tey a ee a See ee 203: Sunhlo were. 22S) Siw ae ee ee 955 (870) Skeletonweedisc22— ewe see ee FES (GAY) |subavin ier hy 869 Ska cap eae 20 ie ee ae eee eer TAL |S weet-cicely. 36s ee 643 Skank ulshiaac eee ae 549i Sweetclovercie=a2 22032 Bs ee 441 Skeum'k Cab ba eee sea Se ety aren reg ee ey ne 188, Sweeberass to See ee 140 Skuinkidleate 73 Ste Ua ae Bs eet aes ee eee 126) (727) |; wee tip Casa ene eee ee eee ae ee 499 Skunkweede oe ot ar ae a eee 37 | -Sweetpotatoee. oe a eee 698 SE-VTOCK CE Soy ses i na eee ee ies a uae ae 123) |S WECLLOOLS S_ 2222s oe ee ee ee 643 Sleepy orass == — Bae ee ea ea eee 194'| SweetvetChs2: =. 52 Oo es eae 491 STiemiw Oo dee ise Sse eae ae re 583.|(‘Swateherass |. 2.22 2 ee eee 144 Slip peryselms sae eee ee eee ee 580i "Swat chsorrele—- =e ae ee 554 Smiallemistletoe esas eee eee ee 233, SY CAM ORCl22 so =e ee 387 (20) SINTER GW CE epee ee ee 257 4(258)) (MSY RING AS: so 8 a ae es ee 38 Smoketreeuss.252 oe ae ee a ee AS 7: (13)) | Mall-Oaterass es: fe 0k 2s ee ee eee Sniailseedte 05" A Ph See aoe a ee 333) nuamarix peirenches. es eee eee Snakecottones tsk ae as ee ee es 9835 Ramanixefam ily ses. 26 Aree e ee eee Smakero Geese eee ene S17 | anglehcad = one eee Snakeshead ses oe epee Ue eee 1025) MEANS yINUStard snes eae eee Snakeweed css J. 3 a ee oe ee eee 896i) Dapirots Bec see roe teas ead Cee ec ane Snapdragon’ sare ols eee ee Ue oes 803] Barbushso 22-0282 SO Soe 2 ee Sneezewecedeen 2 nes eee Se ie a ees O88 :|| Mares oss. ee ee SNOWIDCET Yoo seo ee ae eee ethene 855: | 7Parracon-dalsevss 2-2) eo ee eee Snow-on-the-mountain-_-__._.---_-_-. -___ Ge bh (Gey) | Mbbhen@eG le et SOapDCEYe2 5 eo eer eee F352 (Rd 25 0 tcc ee ea te Rei piel we ee See SOAP DET yak vir nll yee eect ee re} | MNalereadyolacy obras a a SOAD Weeder 9 re wane ee ae ae ena 196) | Re pany eis ee ae ee ee SORDWOntes a eee ea a i eer te 3145315) | BeSote se ea ae ee SONC-CV.E=DODDYeq = sateen 566i] | CS KAS = Gry Oty A ee Sore Hunn se cos o oe = Ue A ee eee en 159) himibleberky oes. 2 3 oS a ee ee Sorrel eat a eae ener 2541255) |e IStle seas ee es SO hoarse se Ss 200;)Bhormapple: 32: - 2-28" see ee DOUTCION ERs inthe es TUS aa eee eno 441.) Dhoroughwortese = eee Sow thistletes ests or ee eee 1027.) “Dhree-awn ie. es ee eras Spanmish-hayonetosc. . ee 1965(197)):|/hhbyme! 222 ce So ee eee Spanish-cloveriis 2-22 22 Se) ee ABTA ARI CK CION CD oo ea ene eee ae Spanish-dagcens S25 2557 =e eee 197: }ickseed| se. Sou 2a ae ee eee eee ae Spanish-needles seas. tes eee 964:(978))||| imothtya== = eee SDAlish- feasts a ee eae eee 265): |i Moa Gd fax = se. cous oa eee eek ae aes 2 SDearerassl22 2. 22 2220 ee ons ae eee 124 | "Dobacto.s 5220s eas eee eee Spearmint ee eee a ts ie ee eee 1851 RO DACCO-TOOGs ee sae a a eee Spectacle-pod:taaiee iso ctheoe a ee 356;| Dob0sa:= 2-245) 2 se ee Speedwellz sae ei 8 Sete ee ees 823' (824): |-Nomatillo 2 oe ee 256 Pimicorplant- 2 a ee roti fi UM Ca a fee eas Bp ae Ses en aes 102 Wrnicornplani amily. = 22.2 ee CSS A UCU CG) 5a ee rT RRS Shae A ee ee es 216 (15) Wlorian cece ES 2 ne SE ee 859 TOV O82. So eee ee ee ee 219 petieanitateesnsagh yo 2 a a 858 Li 1p.) a eae Des ele Re ee eee ae 219 Fel LEY cs CCE, Rte eek © Sree apt She mene 140 i CRG tele pe toe eR See paneer eee 220 “NEPCETERN ft OTR Ee a ee ee oe EE See 957 CONIC = Soe 8s en Ee oe oe 218 IEPELAIIC-OVStCE oe oes ee ae eee 1023 Daley si er ee ee et 220 MeiveLerasse eS: 2 S28 een a ee ee oe 108 LLRs le ae ee ee SPR See ee 219 Wieausipokaneiass } 652 a wee ee ee 866 PACH C25 Se, Sa et) ee. 220 Vind CON ee as SR ee ee ee eee 761 peaches sk sees Ait As Te a 220 Wietyniiieeta. se a eS 762 TO emer foe? 2 Se oe Ee 219 WEE VAI ian y 2-2 ee ee SN ee ee Se 761 S COM Gruen ns Sane er ee ee 219 AAS FG fhe tw = a RS ME ee Oe Se eee ee ee 497 ONE ie wel ee ye ne Se eee Nae 220 Rinne esa iLO =o 2 eee ee a 144 RSI ONY fer eh oe Fa a as 220 Wigle pee ate Da ee ee ee 586 (585, 587) PCW IGH feet bat ene eS ee ae Le 218 Riana, Senna oe HSo WANG WikTaibye = ee ee 214 Wien -Creepen soe a as Pe Dov AwallOw= Weed ls. gas Fe ae 622 Witkin = ae et as a ee eS AIST ANH G HO WED! 22 a. eae ee es eee 322 GV VEDILESS Sie CERT UE | cui ae ae ea a ea AAR NVET ECT CLOGS ue ody eee AY a es ee 353 Wialiflgwerss =. bes eet ie SOM MNVANICCTING toe a en ede se 274 SUE T EL bf Fs oo” ae ees Sy et ENS A eee SAO) ENV AOLSDONT Yor et ee 787 Wralovtitamily= - 22-2 ee OO A VNGOLELeIal eee en ak Se oe See a 112 IVC TCR Sse fe ore Some ee sar ge SUT SoS AMOR GEE DOLD: o-oo. Pe a oe 794 WV Aer herlock 26 oe ae 646640) Weed betony. 22> |. > 8 ee 832 Wiatericaimeeses aerate be ZO RNR OOGMOE 0s = nS cl TT 29 Wiaterleaitamily. 22 2 ses eee a 2250 a OOGIAnt Sbateae = eee et ee 381 WinterlenitGne- = 22s. a8 ae ee we Tap VW OOGTHSH Ss =) ea ee 185 Miatermarncold 522 see eee a SGT aE GOUSOEFGI( 68 = oe Cs a er 508 Minternmiipite. .s e Gosh oed sorrel fanaily ss es 508 Wateriniiotlh amily. = eS Usa OOH Y ALAISV ote ee ee 978 Wintermones 22 ee es Fe SATE OLIN WOOG oe eee so eae 999 ae Wraterparsnip = <2 5 ere a ed DITEGAR) OY arpa ae Pee ee Wiaterpenny WOT. 2 os) a eae Seta E AV er OW Ree ae ee ee 694 Waterpimiperniel- (280 8 GAPE NOW ETESSUre se. ees ORT eee 254 WiALCr pla iis See Se eee SS ZONmUelOWwsAbiler. 2 Se ee eS 832 Woaterplantaingamily. =. 2S AGAMclOWoWOLeRWeeGs— ==. ete. >. 25 5 a 621 AV ILCT SR ASS nt a ae A csneverba-de-neches 9 25 ee 534 WiAter-Starw Ole 2 ae eee Der pa-Ge-la-Ta Diy 2a es 286 Weater-stacworndamily 292220 8. 208 ee Pag era -G Cl-veRagdO-2 ee oe fe ee 993 WV Aer Wnliyeter enter eal Je eee S34 aVierna-Ge-pasin® 22s ee 933 Whaterwalloween. 222+ 22 ee te ee es Sel ewer bam ansao. 2 eee ee = 5 2) ie a a ees 582 aes See Set Ee Bee: SN WIAtCEWOLt Jamialy = 52 Pe Sets ee DSZT reer ee ae AS Oe ee a ee 196 abs) Wiedvescalete. =. £20 i sees ae he 106 Zephytlily Qe SE SR ee eee Se Pa Wresternm-wallsower =) 9-2 S02 33/0) | Matte ae ee ee ee ee ee 949 LATE Be al ee ae es he eee eM ROI Gs eee Cen ee ee Re 515 (RCT ES Teo PS Se a oat ee 100