r Vol. IV. No. 1. DECEMBER 1906 10 Cents. $1.00 A Year COUNTIES NUMBER No. THREE FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: A CAUFOINIA MOUNTAIN STREAM EDITORUL SANTA CRUZ COUNTY DEL NORTE COUNTY SUHER COUNTY YOLO COUNTY SAN BENITO COUNTY LAKE COUNTY NAPA COUNTY INYO COUNTY MODOC COUNTY R. R. JUDAH MRS. B. F. WALTON UWRENCE WILSON E. W. TIFFANY PERCY H. MILBERRY S. H. WYCKOFF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMIHEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad--vancement ; encouragement.' — Century Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one com- mercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually In different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION FOR THOSE WBO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE" COUNTIES NUMBER No. THREE DECKIVIBEIR, 1906 Vol IV, No. 1 lEE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMIITEE CALIFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO Bancroft Library fuNiVERsiTv' OF Editorial IN presenting the third number of the series of FOR CALIFORNIA devoted to the counties of the State, The California Promotion Com- mittee wishes to call attention to the fact that when this series is complete the numbers devoted to it will be one of the best means of Information regarding California that can be found, as every article is written by some one who is thoroughly conversant with the conditions of the county represented. In the present number Santa Cruz County is told of by H. R. Judah, Secretary of the Santa Cruz Board of Trade; and he presents the peculiar features and advantages of the county with a ready pen that shows the reader just exactly what is to be found in that wonderful county. Del Norte is one of the little-known counties of California, owing to the fact that it is stored away in the northwestern corner of the State, where transportation facilities are inadequate. The prospects and advan- tages offered by this county are told by a staff writer of the magazine. Mrs. B. F. Walton, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Sutter County, writes in a most interesting manner of Sutter County, and tells of its advantages in words that can but induce the prospective home-seeker to look there before deciding on a permanent settlement in the State. Lawrence Wilson, Secretary of the Board of Trade of Winters, tells what Yolo County has to offer, and he puts forward the claims of his county in a manner that will attract attention. The county is one that has had but little advertising but deserves all the praise given it. San Benito County is one that demands recognition, as it is going forward with steady progress. E. W. Tiffany, Secretary of the San Benito County Improvement Club, writes about its possibilities and presents a most tempting story for the prospective settler. Lake County, the "walled-in kingdom," is one of California's counties which is always alluring and attractive, and Percy H. Milberry, Secretary of the Lakeport Improvement Association, tells of its unique possibilities in a manner that will well inform the reader. Napa County, that beauty-spot which lies on the north of the bay, and which is. destined to become the summer and winter home of many of San Francisco's people, is told about by S. H. Wyckoff, Secretary of the Napa Chamber of Commerce, in an entertaining and instructive manner. Inyo and Modoc are two other counties which are little known to the average Californian, and a staff writer of this magazine has attempted to tell about their advantages so that they will not remain entirely so. These counties have much of the mystery and strangeness that attaches to unknown lands, and here are fields for explorers almost as wild as the depths of Africa or the southern half of the American Continent. Taken as a whole, this issue of FOR CALIFORNIA is one that will be especially interesting on account of the counties that are represented therein. 17046? Santa Cruz County H. R. JUDAH, JR. Secretary Santa Crux Board oC Trade SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, with a population of 27,000, contains 275,000 acres of land, and is situated on the coast of California, fronting the Pacific Ocean on the west and Monterey Bay on the south, zmd bounded by San Mateo County on the north and by the counties of Santa Clara and San Benito on the east. Although the smallest in the State, Santa Cruz County has the widest variety of resources, attractions, and advantages to be found in the great Western empire — California. The facts of the following paragraphs will prove this seemingly extravagant statement. Twelve miles from Santa Cruz, "up the coast" at San Vicente, there Is In course of construction the largest cement plant in the world. The out- put of this stupendous monument of industry will be 9,000 barrels of cement per day. It is an understood fact that orders for the finished product are already contracted for as much as two years from the beginning date of operations. Between San Vicente and Santa Cruz, on the main county road and the lines of the Ocean Shore Railway Company and the Southern Pacific Company, are the bituminous-rock mines, exporting annually 40,000 tons of a superior grade of paving material, as well as several large dairy ranches, the products of which are sold profitably each year. This business offers fine opportunities. The D. D. Wilder Dairy Company have three hundred cows and all modern conveniences for the making of butter. The city of Santa Cruz, with 13,500 inhabitants, is situated eighty miles south of San Francisco, on the northern shore of Monterey Bay in a protected cove, and has for a background on the north and east the wooded hills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. A fairer location for a city cannot be found. The "City of the Holy Cross" is the leading summer and winter seaside resort of the Pacific Coast to-day. The Big Trees and the Cali- fornia Redwood Park, respectively five and twenty-three miles from the city, are accessible the year round by rail and carriage to the smoothest, safest, and most protected beach on the coast. Over $500,000 in Improve- ments will be invested on this beach before June of 1907. Swimming (plunge and surf), horseback riding, driving, walking, all the entertainments of a modern well-managed resort beach, besides fishing (deep water and stream), can all be enjoyed at Santa Cruz or in the beautiful surrounding country. A description of the towns and points of interest in the San Lorenzo Canyon, north of Santa Cruz, and connected therewith by rail, will be of interest to the reader. Five miles from Santa Cruz are the Big Trees, famous the world over. Thousands have stood in their perennial shade awe-stricken at beholding their splendid dimensions. The "Giant" of the group is 306 feet high and 64 feet in circumference. One mile and a half north of the Big Trees is the town of Felton, sup- ported by the workers of the Holmes Lime Company, whose lime-rock is hewn from the side of the mountain back of the town. Four miles north of Felton is Ben Lomond, a famous mountain resort, and near by are several hills of fine sand suitable for the manufacture of glass and sand-lime brick. A mile and a half north of Ben Lomond is Brookdale, absolutely the most picturesque home settlement in the West. The purest water in the world, from Clear Creek; the County Fish Hatchery, hatching exclusively for the 200 linear miles of county streams and the bay trout and salmon of several varieties; the splendid chances for fishing, and the beautiful walks and drives amongst the evergreen foliage and the towering redwoods; the absence of public halls, saloons, and stores; the deeds to all new holders of property excluding the erection of such buildings and therefore general business activity, all trading being done at Ben Lomond and Boulder Creek; the accessibility to the beach at Santa Cruz, train service being frequent the year round, — all these tend to make life worth living at Brookdale. A mile and one half north of this chosen spot is Boulder Creek, for years one of the heaviest lumber-shipping points in the State, now a splendid mountain community of 800 people whose interests are lumber- ing and the growing of famous mountain apples and small berries. The town is delightfully located at the foot of a high, thickly wooded mountain and at the converging point of Boulder Creek, Bear Creek, and the San Lorenzo River, making undoubtedly, with its splendid water and exhilarating climate, a choice homesite. Boulder Creek marks the terminus of the Southern Pacific branch from Santa Cruz, and is also the gateway of the California Redwood Park, nine miles north. This grand combination of natural beauty is familiarly called the Big Basin. Here may be found the extremes of all that is wonderful in nature— 3,500 acres of giant redwoods, manzanitas, and madrones sur- rounded by their clinging foliage, numerous streams foaming through narrow chasms and falling from green-coated rocks into evergreen valleys; and the impressive stillness and perennial shade of the forest, all tend to make one speechless with wonder and admiration. Three thousand acres of wine and table grapes are under cultivation in the county, principally near the towns of Glenwood, Laurel, and Skyland, all mountain communities, and Bonny Doon, Sequel, Aptos, and Corralitos, on the plateau facing the bay of Monterey. The dry wines produced from the fruit in question lead the world in quality and flavor. Small berries of all descriptions grow well. Strawberries can be had ten months In the year. In the southeastern end of the county will be found the prosperous city of Watsonville, with five thousand inhabitants, the center and distributing point of the luscious apples produced from the soil of the far-famed Pajaro Valley. Six thousand carloads of apples is a record shipment for a recent season. The Newton Pippin and the Bellefleur are the profitable apple varieties of the valley. Strawberries and hops are also grown in the valley with great profit. There are over 30,000 acres in fruit around Watsonville. The soil has been producing forty years and does not seem to lose its powers. In some of the best orchards hops and strawberries are planted between the rows of apple-trees. Vegetables grow well anywhere in the county. Potatoes are especially prolific. Irrigation is unknown except for its uses in the cultivation of small berries. The climate of Santa Cruz County is charming. The summer average temperature is seventy degrees. The winter average temperature is fifty degrees. There are no strong winds. There is fog in the summer time which serves to temper the atmosphere and leaves days of pure and delight- ful air. The sea-breeze of summer and the odor from countless redwoods form a tonic, the effects of which have been felt by hundreds of nerve- shattered and constitution-wrecked persons. There is an average annual rainfall of thirty inches. Generally speaking, the climatic conditions of the county are most healthful, most charming, and most exhilarating. !n conclusion, it will be well to note the present variety of industries, the accompanying natural advantages, what industrial activity is needed and wanted, and the conditions of the city governments and schools of the county. Near the city of Santa Cruz are found the chicken industry, dairy- ing in all its branches, truck farming, the culture of grapes, small berries, and apples; a gigantic cement plant, largest deposit of bitumen In the world; lime-rock, with the wood for burning on the same hills; the Cali- fornia Powder Works, employing 200 hands and manufacturing the Gov- ernment smokeless powder; a tannery, whose product commands the top of the market; a paper-mill (near Sequel), and a small remaining forest of virgin timber. In addition to this industrial activity Santa Cruz has its grand protected beach with splendid hotels and costly improvements, and attendant pleasures of swimming, roller-skating, promenading, music, dancing, etc.; its splendid salmon and trout fishing; its peerless year-round B climate; its perfect conditions for home-making — admirable schools, churches of all denominations, modern utilities of every description, low cost of living, first-class retail establishments, health, purest water to be found, and careful city government; its accessibility the year round by train and carriage to ail mountain attractions and pleasures; its peerless drives and horseback excursions along seashore or through the hills; its attractive natural location, with the additional beauty of the great wealth of flowers blooming the year round. Santa Cruz has land and water transportation and cheap oil fuel. Near the city, as before stated, may be found sand for glass and sand-lime brick, the raw product lying right on the main railway line. Clays for pottery and fire-brick and fruit for canning and processing are within prac- tical distance of the city. The investment in any of these industries will be profitable from the start. Splendid chances for investments in real estate offer themselves both at Watsonville and Santa Cruz and in the intermediate country. Although both cities are growing rapidly and general prosperity shows itself at every turn, property values are not inflated and a boom of the "bottom-drop-out" order is out of the question. The first competitive railroad in the history of the county is now being built from San Francisco to Santa Cruz, and great strides have been made in the past two years towards advertising the whole county. Results are showing themselves. Santa Cruz County is a peculiar combination of industrial activity and natural sea and shore attraction. Do not overlook the enormous chances for the county's growth and increased population. Del Norte County DEL NORTE COUNTY lies at the extreme northwestern corner of Cali- fornia, and is unsurpassed for magnificent scenery, fertile fields, and mountains covered with redwood and filled with precious ores. Chief among the interests of the county is dairying. Farming is carried on to a considerable extent, but the products are all consumed in the local market. The soil is especially adapted to apples, there being a total absence of the codling moth. Pears, plums, and cherries, together with small fruit of all kinds, bear luxuriantly. On the Klamath River in the southern part of the county, and on the Smith River in the northern part, large, well-equipped salmon canneries are operated with great success. Crescent City is the county seat, nestling on a crescent-shaped beach where the products of the county are shipped to San Francisco. It has a population of 1,500. The two other towns of the county are Smith River and Requa. The arable portion of the county is confined to the coast por- tion, and is capable of a very high state of cultivation. The redwood timber belt comprises 200,000 acres of as fine timber as may be found in the world. From this forest a single tree has furnished the lumber to build a cottage from cellar to garret. The mountains of the county are rich in gold, silver, copper, and cinna- bar, and several rich mines are in operation. Among the mines worthy of attention is the Monumental group at Shelly Creek, where a large force of men are at work. Between Humboldt Bay on the south and the Columbia River on the north, the roadstead at Crescent City is the only point on the coast affording refuge, and efforts are now making toward the construction of a sea-wall by the United States Government which will make a safe harbor for the small craft that ply the waters along the coast. The county is almost undeveloped, and offers countless opportunities for those who are seeking a place to carve out a home in the midst of the best of opportunities. Its soil, climate, mines, and timber make it an ideal place for the pioneer. With the coming of railroads which are already head- ing that way, it will be one of the prominent counties of California. Sutter County BfRS. B. F. "WALTON Secretary Sntter County Chamber of Commerce SUTTER COUNTY, with an area of only 614 square miles, bases its claim for recognition on the general fertility of its soil and the wide range of its productions, which include everything grown in a semi- tropical temperature. Its geographical situation is in the center of that part of California north of the Tehachapi Mountains, and is one of the counties comprising the great Sacramento Valley, with the majestic Sacramento River for its western boundary, and the broad Feather River, called by the Spaniards of the olden days the Rio de los Plumas, or "river of the feather," on its eastern edge, and crossing the southern end of the county on its way to a junction with the Sacramento, the two rivers pre- senting untold possibilities in the way of irrigation in the Sacramento Valley. It is on the Feather River where the power-houses of the Central California Power Company are located, a corporation which supplies light and power to many of the important cities of the central part of California, including San Francisco, distant only a few hours by rail. The climate is mild, oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits growing in the open air, with no protection from frost; and the heat of summer is only sufficiently great to give sweetness to the peaches and color to the grapes. The county is just entering upon an area of development hitherto unknown in its history; land which has been cropped for wheat exclusively has been found to be of far greater value for other uses, and diversified farming is rapidly coming into practice. No better opportunity for home- seekers is presented than Sutter offers at this time. Here one may in reality sit under his own fig-tree and eat of the product of the. vine, for here the fig has sprung into an abiding prominence as a commercial product, and here are located some of the largest vineyards in the State, as well as a large acreage of lesser ones, from which are made the famous Thompson seedless raisins. One need not be confined to growing either figs or grapes, but may take his choice of land suited to the production of all kinds of decid- uous fruits, olives, almonds, walnuts, asparagus, beans, berries, alfalfa, to dairying and stock-raising, and so on through the list, and at reasonable prices. The shipments from Yuba City alone for the last year are shown to be 120 cars of canned fruit, 100 cars of dried fruit, 25 cars of raisins, 20 cars of almonds, and 75 cars of green fruit, besides cars running into the hundreds of hay, hides, wool, grain, flour, and mill stuffs, and large quan- tities in less than car lots of both freight and express matter. The Southern Pacific Railroad gives the same terminal rates and facili- ties to the shippers at Yuba City as are enjoyed in the larger towns and cities of the State, and railway facilities will in a short time be given to many other points, as the Northern Electric Railway Company will have an electric line in operation in a few months, passing through Yuba City and connecting many of the valley towns with Sacramento, the capital city. An electric road will also cross the county to its western border. The survey of the Western Pacific Railroad runs through a portion of the county, and while two years is expected to elapse before its final com- pletion as a transcontinental road, it will be in operation locally before the close of the coming year. While irrigation has never been deemed essential, its general practice will greatly augment production in all lines. The completion of its Irriga- tion canal, now in course of rapid construction by the Sutter County Canal Company, and which receives its waters from the bountiful supply of Feather River, will bring under irrigation many thousands of acres of the finest lands. The county is under the prohibition law, which relieves it of an undesir- able, vicious and costly element, rendering it particularly desirable as a place of residence. The large land holdings are being subdivided into small tracts, and th« fruit and nut orchards, vineyards, canneries, and packinghouses offer light and lucrative employment to those who desire it, and in addition are the lines of work usual to the cultivation of agricultural lands. Excellent schools afford advantages second to no rural district, and many churches dot the county in all directions. With the advent of a greater population will come extension of rural mail delivery, of which sev- eral routes are already in operation, improvement in telephone service, with which almost every farmhouse is connected, better roads, and a general increase of the material and social advantages of the more thickly settled communities. Yolo County lawrbnce: wiiiSON Secretary Wlntera Board of Trade YOLO COUNTY is situated on the west side of the Sacramento Valley, and is traversed from north to south by the Southern Pacific main lines and by a branch line running through the western portion of the county to the Capay Valley. Some of the earliest fruits sent from the State are grown about Winters, and the central portions of the county are well adapted for the growing of alfalfa and wine-grapes, large quantities of which are raised. The district about Winters and the Capay Valley send large shipments of fresh and dried fruits to the markets East. The growing of alfalfa is fast becoming an important industry in Yolo County, and the dairy herds and creameries that naturally follow in turn make for the lasting and substantial progress of the sections where they are established. Creameries are in operation or building at Woodland, the county seat, and at Winters, the second town in the county. Woodland is a beautiful interior city of four thousand people, and is the county seat. It is well supplied with schools and churches, as is Winters In the western portion of the county. Davisville has lately come into promi- nence as the site of the State Agricultural Farm on the main irrigating canal, which is brought down through the county from Cache Creek, the outlet of Clear Lake. Large flocks of sheep and bands of cattle are pastured in Yolo County, the foothills and plains on the west being used for winter and spring ranges, and the lowlands along the Sacramento River on the eastern edge of the county being utilized in summer. Yolo County lands are of excellent quality, its products are diversified, and its healthful climate makes it desirable as a place of residence. Large areas of Yolo County are farmed in wheat and barley, and it also exports hay, melons, vegetables, and hogs. The population of Yolo County is about fourteen thousand people, but the county is capable of sustaining a much greater number of people, as the large holdings of land are being subdivided and sold to home-seekers. San Benito County E. W. TIPPANY Secretary San Benito County Improvement Club SITUATED eighty-six miles south of San Francisco, San Benito County is just closing a year of unequaled prosperity. Its fields have fur- nished vast quantities of hay and grain to the horses and mules that are aiding in the restoration of San Francisco. Its dried fruit is leaving daily in carload lots for Hamburg, Bremen, Liverpool, and Antwerp. Its fat cattle and sheep are feeding the multitude that is thronging the State, and its poultry farms and dairies are furnishing eggs, cheese, and butter to a market that is never satisfied In its demand. Farmers, stock-raisers, dairymen, and poultrymen, all are prosperous, and still the county, with an area of over half a million acres, has a popu- lation of less than 7,000. Its broad holdings could well and comfortably support a population of 20,000. The climatic conditions of San Benito County cannot be excelled in the whole State of California. It is situated between the two extremes of heat and cold, near enough to the great Pacific Ocean to enjoy its temper- ing breezes, and not so distant from the Sierras but that perpetual snow exerts an influence on the fierce heat of summer. The development of the county is practically in the first stages. Its vast cement-beds and limestone deposits are now being explored for the first time, and its wonderful possibilities in this line will soon astonish the world. The seed-growing industry has seized upon land that has been available for years. Eastern capital will plant twelve hundred acres of the San Juan Valley to seeds this season. Ground is now being broken for that purpose. In the matter of stock-raising the county offers the best facilities in the world for the raising of fine horseflesh. The natural grasses are sweet and luxuriant. Percheron, Clyde, and Belgian perpetuate stock that equals the proud studs of the old continent. The famous Crogan ranch of 9,000 acres, lying twelve miles south of the county seat, has been purchased by Eastern men, who will embark largely in the business of horse-raising. Fruits of every variety grow with marked success; especially Is this the home of the apricot and almond. The land is fertile and inexhaustible; the annual rains furnish all the fertilizer necessary to grow anything that will grow outdoors. Dairying is a profitable and pleasant business. With the extension of the system of the Hollister Irrigation Company, taking water from the San Benito River, the dairy business can be increased a hundredfold. The possibilities of irrigation extension have been demonstrated by competent engineers. The water is here, the material is close at hand; all that is needed is capital that can recognize opportunity. With 30,000 acres of land under irrigation, instead of 2,000, the two great valleys of the county will be the garden spots of the great State of California. In the matter of poultry-raising, San Benito County now leads the State, and it is increasing by leaps and bounds to enormous proportions. It is a light, pleasant, and profitable occupation, and can be engaged in with the minimum of capital and experience. Railroad facilities of the county are excellent. Four trains run in and out of the county seat daily, making close connections with lines for all parts of California. Educational facilities are of the highest standard. Every district has its graded school, while the county maintains a high school at the county seat which is accredited to both of the great universities of the State. The glowing opportunity of the day, however, in San Benito County, is one that so far has been almost entirely neglected. In France and Germany vineyards are planted at an expense of land and labor that would seem incredible. The vineyardists of those countries count themselves rich in the possession of five- and ten-acre tracts. Here in San Benito County thousands of the best quality of vine lands are lying unused save for pasturage. One vineyard of 160 acres, sending its choice vintages direct to all parts of the world, shows what can be done in this line. Slowly crowding out the chaparral and chamisal brush, this famous vineyard is pushing its green and luxuriant vines out on hills that equal the cliffs of the Rhine, and produce crops of wine and table grapes that are unheard of on the European continent. A thousand vineyardists can find homes and locations in this county. Vine land can be purchased at from ten to fifteen dollars per acre that will yield its purchase price in grapes the second year from planting. It would be hard to conceive of a greater range of favorable conditions of soil, climate, and fertility for the raising of wine and table grapes than exists in San Benito County to-day. Lake County PERCY H. MILBERRY Secretary Lakcport Improvement Association LAKE COUNTY is unique in the galaxy of sections of this glorious State. Situated on a plateau with a mean altitude of 1,500 feet, 100 miles north of San Francisco and midway between the coast and the Sacra- mento Valley, and inclosed by mountain ranges. Lake County is an "empire within itself." Travelers say its scenery rivals Switzerland. Its beautiful lakes, majestic mountains, forests, streams, and smiling val- leys are an attraction annually to thousands of tourists, summer guests, and campers. Clear Lake is the largest and finest body of fresh water convenient to San Francisco, and has innumerable favored spots for country summer and winter homes. Greater advertisements than any of these attractions are the health-giving mineral springs, of which this county alone has more than all Europe. From the fame of all these, the Impression prevails abroad that Lake is but a pleasure-resort and summer county. The patronage of the many resorts furnishes a convenient and increasing market for a great part of the county's products of ranch, range, and dairy, as well as scattering money in other ways; 45,000 cases of various curative waters were bottled and shipped from this county last year. But scenery, climate, and mineral water are not our sole products. Lake County pears reach the highest perfection in flavor and quality in the State, and that means in the world. Notwithstanding the fact that the producing valleys are eighteen or more miles from any railroad, 30,000 fifty-pound boxes of green pears were shipped this season, some of them to Australia and London, which demonstrates their keeping quality. The dried-pear product this season will amount to 150,000 pounds. Apples to the amount of 660,000 pounds were shipped last year, also 2,130,000 pounds of grapes. Another product for which this county has built up, a wide reputation is string beans. By virtue of soil, care, and climatic con- ditions, these attain such succulence and flavor that the three local can- neries, which have been supplying epicurean tastes for several years, have this season orders for five times as much as they can pack. Lake County has many advantages for home-seekers. The climate is delightful, free from fog and extremes of heat and cold and from malaria and insect pests. The population is almost entirely American, no foreign classes having obtained a foothold. Farming is profitable, there being a good local market and an increasing outside one. The 100,000 acres of level land in the county is contained in numerous valleys, ranging in size from a few acres to 25,000 acres. Most of this is under cultivation, but large tracts formerly planted to wheat and hay are now being set out to fruit. Pear orchards average in income two hundred dollars annually per acre, and there are several thousand acres of the very best pear land in Big Valley waiting to be planted. The various soils are alluvial loam, red clay, decomposed sandstone, a fertile and mellow volcanic soil, and a little black adobe. All are very prolific, the lake margins and valleys raising immense crops of grain, alfalfa, corn, vegetables, fruit, and berries. Oranges and lemons produce in certain sheltered localities. The rolling hills, of which there are several hundred thousand acres available, furnish as good grape land as any in the State, and viticulture is just starting. Hogs, chickens, and turkeys are big and profitable products here. Creameries and cheese fac- tories operate with profit. The higher mountains provide good range for cattle, sheep, and goats, which are extensively raised. There is still con- siderable standing timber in the county, and twelve sawmills keep busy throughout the year. A dozen mines produce quicksilver; their combined output has reached millions of dollars. Kelseyville has a natural gas well utilized for lighting and heating purposes; there are many others unde- veloped. Improved land costs from fifteen to four hundred dollars per acre; unimproved can be had for from three dollars upward. Lakeport, the largest town and county seat, is located on the broadest part of Clear Lake. Other towns are Upper Lake, Kelseyville, Lower Lake, and Middletown. All are thriving and growing communities and offer good opportunities for business. With the building of a railroad, which is a certainty. Lake County will receive a great impetus. Large products for development are now under way; electric light and power will be supplied throughout the county from the big Eel River plant; the flood waters of Clear Lake will be conserved for one of the largest irrigation schemes in the State, but there still remain immense possibilities and opportunities for manufacturing enterprises and Investment of capital. Napa County S. H. WYCKOFF Secretary Napa Chamber of Commerce NAPA COUNTY, the gem of California, only forty-five miles from San Francisco, since it is not on the main line of railroad, has not been In the past very accessible or well known. And this fact makes it to-day one of the most desirable places for investment. Property values are not high, but there is a steady and healthy increase in values. Napa is a hilly county with numerous small, fertile valleys scattered through it. Napa Valley, the largest of these, is hardly ten miles wide at its widest point, yet it is over thirty miles long, with hills on either side covered with magnificent trees, and as you drive through the valley or the small canyons bordering it, the scenery is continually changing with new and surprising beauty, and you marvel that Nature is so lavish with her gifts. There is utility here also. These hillsides and valleys are rich and fertile. Productive orchards, vineyards, and grain-fields, as well as rich dairy farms, not only lend beauty to the scene, but produce wealth for the husbandman. Here also Is one of the best climates in the world. Napa is far enough inland to escape the harsh ocean winds, yet near enough to old ocean that these same winds temper the summer heat. The result is a perfect climate. In former days agricultural industries claimed the chief attention of our people, and fruits, grapes, grain, hay, cattle, and dairying were the chief pursuits. These industries still continue, and are each year becoming larger, but with the increase of population new ideas have been developed and every sort of small fruits, berries, and vegetables are grown, as our soil and climate will produce everything that can be grown in the temperate and semi-tropic zones. Poultry-raising has now become a factor. The climatic conditions which are ideal for humans are also ideal for the lower animals, and expensive buildings, which are needed in colder countries, are not necessary here. Nestling among the hills of Napa County are some of the most beautiful health resorts that can be found on this coast. There are mineral springs of various kinds. From some of these the water is bottled and distributed over the entire coast. Napa County also has fine mineral deposits in the northern part of the county, the chief of which is quicksilver. Near Napa Junction is located the Standard Portland Cement Company's plant, which is turning out over 2,000 barrels of cement a day and employ- ing about 250 men. Berryessa Valley, in the northeastern part of the county, is a great grain-growing and extensive farming and grazing district. Napa, a beautiful city of 7,000 inhabitants, wide-awake and right in line with the modern idea of doing things, is the county seat of this county. It is located at the head of navigation on Napa River and enjoys the advan- tages of water competition. It has one electric and two steam roads — the Southern Pacific and California Northwestern, which connect with San Francisco and all other points four times daily. The electric railroad con- nects at Vallejo with fast steamers for San Francisco, and makes six trips each way daily. This road is now being extended up the valley to St. Helena and Calistoga. We have located here shoe factories, glove factories, shirt factories, hat and cap factories, tanneries, box factories, ice and Ice-cream factories, which employ a total of about 600 people, and want more. There is work at good wages for every one. St. Helena is a picturesque little city eighteen miles northwest In Napa Valley. Its location is Ideal. With a population of 2,000 people, in a fertile and productive section, St. Helena is a clean modern city. In the foothills near St. Helena are the most beautiful sites for country homes. For the man of wealth who wishes to establish a permanent home or a country residence there is no more beautiful spot in California than Napa Valley. Calistoga, nine miles farther northwest. Is at the terminus of the Southern Pacific railroad line, and from here start the stages over the steep, rugged, and noble Mt. St. Helena into Lake County. Napa County is growing. To the home-seeker it offers wonderful opportunities. The man who buys here to-day will make money and live in a place where living is a comfort and a pleasure. Yes, Napa is a good place to live in and a good place to make money in. Inyo County INYO COUNTY has the most diversified topography in the world. Its highest point, Mt. Whitney, rises higher than any other peak In the .United States, and the depression of Death Valley goes 365 feet below, the level of the sea. Here one may stand on the highest point and look down into the deepest depression. The Sierras attain their highest elevation here, where they form the western boundary of the 12 county, many of the peaks almost reaching the altitude of Mt. Whitney, which attains an elevation of 15,000 feet. This great wall Is Impassable by the ordinary traveler, and is scaled only by the hardy prospectors and hunters. The traveler to and from Inyo County must pass through western Nevada, or by stage to the shores of Owens Lake to connect with the rail route to the southwest. With but minor exceptions all the land of Inyo County that Is agri- cultural is in the vicinity of Owens Lake. This valley is fifteen, miles wide at Its upper end and narrows down to two miles, and is one hundred miles in length. The reclamation service estimates that 200,000 acres can be brought under a high state of cultivation. The soil is exceptionally fertile and fine fruits and grain are grown. The honey industry Is fast assuming great commercial importance, and the product is classed as extra fine in the markets. The valley Is especially adapted to dairy and stock interests, and the shipments of live-stock to the outside markets is Increasing annually. Inyo County first became known through its mining Interests, but these have lain dormant for several years. With the Increased Interest In mining on the western border of Nevada, attention Is again being attracted to the mines of Inyo County, and capital Is being Interested to an extent that bids fair to make this county another of the great mining centers of the State. A healthy revival is already in progress, and many promising discoveries have been made. There is ample water supply for mining in this county, and with increased rail facilities it is destined to become one of the great centers of the entire West. The most unique of its industries is the soda plant on the shores of Owens Lake, where the highly mineralized waters are evaporated and the salts gathered for refining. Inyo County is credited by mineralogists as having the greatest variety of minerals of any county in California. Inyo is almost an unknown land to the greater number of Californlans, and when Its vast and varied resources become generally known through increased transportation facilities, it will become one of the popular coun- ties, both on account of its wonderful possibilities for Industry and Its scenic beauties. Its area is immense, comprising 10,224 square miles, and its population is totally inadequate to the advantages offered. Modoc County MODOC COUNTY lies in the extreme northeastern corner of California, and is a succession of mountain ranges and valleys branching off from the Sierra Nevada, the principal spur of which is the Warner Range. Its main drainage is by the Pitt River, which flows into the Sacramento near Redding, in Shasta County. More than one half of the total area of the county is the lava-bed section. Two large lakes are within the county, and it is well watered, but with the exception of the lake shores and the large cattle ranges it is sparsely settled, and fit only for grazing. The valleys are the principal features of the county. Surprise Valley lies in the northeastern corner of the county, running into Nevada and Oregon. Its soil Is a rich, dark loam and is generally under cultivation. The value of this land ranges from ten to sixty dollars an acre. Wheat, barley, grain, fruit, and vegetables are the staples of produce. Thousands of acres are in alfalfa, and stock and dairying interests are thriving. Every ranch has a fine orchard. The towns of this valley are Fort Bidwell (an old Indian fort, now abandoned as such, but the seat at present of an Indian school), Lake City, Cedarville, and Eagleville. 13 Goose Lake is the largest lake, and is surrounded by Goose Lake Valley, which resembles Surprise Valley in many particulars. Big Valley is varied in character of soil. The larger part of this valley lies in Lassen County. Its principal town, Adin, lies in Modoc County and has a thriving population. The climate of Modoc County is that of the temperate zone, and the products are those of the great intermountain region which stretches from the Sierra to the western plains of Kansas. Snow falls in the valleys and much deeper in the mountains, forming the main supply of moisture for the development of the country. Stock is usually fed through several months of the winter, although it is not always necessary to do so. The thermometer will sometimes run below zero for a few days In winter, but not very often, and ninety degrees is the extreme heat of summer. The county is well watered with numerous streams. The principal timber is pine and fir on the Warner range, and sugar-pine in the western part. Transportation facilities are not such as to make lumbering an important industry. The nearest railroad point to Alturas, the county seat, is Madeline, in Lassen County, thirty miles away. The area of Modoc County is 4,097 square miles, and its population numbers 4,986, more than two thousand of these being in Surprise Valley, and 1,300 around Alturas and the hot springs. The balance are in the vicinity of Goose Lake and Adin. The woods abound in game of all sorts, especially the larger varieties, and the streams are well stocked with fish. Sportsmen find this county especially to their liking, but the difficulties of access act as a bar to all but those who have time for a long trip. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the padres down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition; price $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each) Poultry Raising in California Tree Planting in California Dairying in California Intensive Farming in California Tips for Tourists in California SPECIAL NUMBERS FOR CALIFORNIA (Price 10 cents each) Counties Number, No. 1, October, 1906 Counties Number, No. 2, November, 1906 Counties Number, No. 3, December, 1906 MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00 Rainfall (Price 2 cents) Thermal (Price 2 cents) MISCELLANEOUS Counties Committee Bulletin, No. 3 Monthly Bulletin of Progress (Free) Climatology of California. By Professor Alexander G. McAdie. Published by the United States Government. (Price 50 cents). 14 The California Promotion Committee ACCOUNTANTS. Amrath, J. W. ADDING MACHINBS. Barroash'a AdillnK Machine Co. ADVBRTISBRS. Varney & Green ADVERTISING. Cooper, F. J., AdTertl«inK Agency 'Well, William M. AMMUNITION. Union Metallic Cartridge Co. AKCHITECTS. D. H. Bnrnhani & Co. Howard, John Galen Meyer & O'Brien Reld Bros. ARTIFICIAL. FI.OWE3RS AND PLANTS. Goehrlngr. A. ASSAYERS AND SMELTERS. Selby Smelting Co. ATTOIl\KVS-AT-LAW. Bancroft, Philip Crothers, Georgre E. Deamer & Stetaon Drew, Frank C. Felftrenbauni. Sanford Geratle, William L. Metnon, William Noyea, Bartholomew Plppy. Geo. H. Stratton, F. S. W^rlKht & Wrlifht. BANKS. AnKlo-Californla Bank Bank of California California Safe Depoait and TriiBt Co. Central Trnat Co. Crocker- Wool worth Nat. Bank French-American Bank German Savings and Loan So- ciety. Germania National Bank Hlbernia Savings and Loan Society Hnmboldt Saving:* Bank Italian-American Bank Market-Street Bank Mercantile Trnat Co. of San Franolaeo Mechanica' SaTinsa Bank National Bank of the Pacific Pacific States Savlngra, Loan, and Buildings Co. Rollina, E. H., & Sonm Savinea & Loan Society Security Savinga Bank Wella-FarKo-Nevada National Bank Blahop. Charlea R. (Bank of California Walker. David F. (California Safe Depoait A Traat Co.) BARBER SUPPLIES. Deckelmen Broa. BOILER WORKS. Keyatone Boiler W^orka BOOKS AND STATIONERY. Crocker, H. S., Co. CnnnlnKhnm, Cnrtla A IVelch Eider, I'ntil A Co. McNutt. Kahn A Co. laaac Upham Co. Sanhorn, Vail A Co. San Franrinoo Nevra Co. BREWERS. Brewera' Protective Aaan. BROKERS. Brow^, Edward A Sona W^ilaon, J. C. CANNERIES. California Fruit Cannera' Aa- aoclatlon Code-PortiTood Cannlnfc Co. Fontana, M. J. (California Fruit Cannera* Aaaodatlon) Hunt Broa. A Co. Jacoba, laidor (California Can- n erica CAPITALISTS. Borel. Antone Burnett, G. C. Coleman, Robert L. Dnrphy, B. F. Harvey, J. Downey Hopklna. E. W. Lachman, Henry Lewia. Sol. Mackay, Clarence ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. Marye, George F., Jr. Meyer, Daniel Pacific Improvement Co. Pbelan, Jamea D. Quinn, John E. Smith, F. M. Spreckela, Claua Spreckela, A. B. Thompaon, R. R. CARPETS, LINOLEUM AND UPHOLSTERY GOODS. Hulse, Bradford A Co. CARPETS, UPHOI>STERY, AND FURNITURE. Hoffman, Henry J. (W. J. Sloane A Co.) Plum, Chaa. M. A Co. CATTLE AND SWINE DEALERS. Pierce A Co. CIGARS AND TOBACCO. Gunat, M. A., A Co. Jndell, H. L., A Co. CLOTHIERS. Raphael Straua, Louia COAL DEALERS. Allen, Chaa. R., Co. W^entern Fuel Co. COFFEE, TEAS, AND SPICES Brandentiteln, M. J., A Co. Canwell, Geo. W^., A Co. FolRcr, J. A., A Co. Hllln Broa. Jonca-Paddock Co. ScbilllnK. A., A Co. Thierbach, Chaa. F., A Co. COMMISSION A MANUFAC- TURERS' AGENTS. Baclfralupl, Peter Clark, Sidney A. Becht, G. J., Co. Mallllard A Schmieden Morgan A Allen Rulofaon, A. C, Co. Thichen, Joa., A Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Armaby, The J. K., Co. Dodice, Sweeney A Co, W^itzel A Baker CONFECTIONERS. Blum, Simon The L. De Martini Supply Co. Haaa, Geo., A Sona CONTRACTORS. City Street Improvement Co. COOPERAGE. California Barrel Co. RIcharda, J. W. Woerner Cooperage Co., David CORDAGE. Tubba Cordage Co. CORNICE W^ORKS. Forderer Cornice IVorka. CROCKERY AND GLASS- W^ARE. Anglo-American Crockery and GlaNsware Co. Nathan-Dohrmann Co. DAIRY MACHINERY. De Laval Dairy Supply Co. DAIRY PRODUCE. Dalrymen'a Aaaodatlon of San Franclaco Dalrymen'a Union of California Halght, Fred B. A Co. DENTISTS. Fletcher, Thorn an DEPARTMENT STORE. Emporium DRAW^ING MATERIALS. Dletxgen, Eugene, Co. DREDGING. American Dredging and Rec- lamation Co. DRIED FRUITS. Guggenheim A Co. Phoenix Packing Co. Roaenberg Bron. A Co. DRY GOODS. City of Parla Dry Gooda Co. Davla, R. D., A Co. Hale Broa. Murphy, Grant A Co. Newman A Levinaoa Weill, Raphael A Co., Inc. Strauaa, Levi., A Co. Welnatock, Lubin A Co. DYEING AND CLEANIIVO. Hickman, Henry F. Thomaa Dye and Cleaning i TTorka ' ESTATES. Crocker Eatate Co. Dempster Eatate Co. J. B. Hasrgln Eatate Hotaling Eatate EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Caatle Broa. Geta Broa. A Co. JennlngM, Rufua P. EXPRESS COMPANIES. W^ella-Fargo Expreaa Co. FACTORIES. American Can Co. FARM IMPI^EMENTS AND VEHICLES. Baker A Hamilton FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS Greenafelder A Bioch, Inc. FIVE, TEN. AND FIFTEEN- CENT STORE. Charlton. E, P., A Co. FREIGHT COMPANY. Tranacontinental Freight Co. FURRIERS. Llebea, H., A Co. GAS AND ELECTRIC CO. San Franciaco Gaa and Elec- tric Co. GAS AND ELECTRIC FIX- TURES. Thomaa Day Co. GAS ENGINES AND SCALBS. Union Gas Engine Co. GENERAL MERCHANDISH. Smith's Cash Store GLASS COMPANY. Illinoia-Paolflc Glass Co. GOLD. SILVER, AND NICKBJL PLATING WORKS. Denniaton, E. G. HARDW^ARE. Arnold Hardware Co. French A Llnforth Froelich, Chriatian Montague, W^. W. A Co. Tay, George H., Co. Wleater A Co. HATTERS. Collina, Charlea J. Flaher A Co. Inc. Friedlander Hat Co. Trieat A Co. HOPS. Horat, E. Clemena Co. HOTELS. Hotel Brooklyn California Hotel Commercial Hotel Granada Hotel Hotel Hamilton Hotel St, Franda International Hotel Lick Houae New^ Ruaa Houae New W^estern Hotel Palace Hotel Richelieu Hotel INSURANCE. Boardman A Spencer Commercial Union Aaanrance Co. Coata, J. Davis, J. B. F., A Son Fireman'a Fund Insurance Co. Forbes, Stanley (Mutual Life) Hartford Fire Insurance Co. Liverpool A London A Globe Insurance Co. Pacific Mutual Life Inanrance of California Royal and Q,ueen Inanrance Co. Springfield Marine and Fire Insurance Co. Ward. C. H. INVESTMENT SECURITIES. Brown, AVIIson A Co. IRON W^ORKS. Rladon Iron and Locomotive W^orka JEW^ELERS. Carrau A Green Judia, Alphonae, Co. Radke A Co. Schnaaler, M., A Co. Shreve A Co. JOCKEY CLUBS. New California Jockey Clnb. JOURNALIST. Wrtght, Hamilton The California Promotion Committee KNIT GOODS. PfUter, J. J., Knitting; Co. LAW BOOK PUBLISHBRS. Bancroft- Wbitner Co. LEATHER BELTING. H. N. Cook Belting Co., Inc. LIME AXD CEMENT. Holmes Lime Co. Pacific Portland Cement Co. LITHOGRAPHERS. Brltton & Rey Schmldt Llthogrraph Co. Union Lithographing; Co. LOANS. Sforrell, C. H. MACHINERY AND ENGIN- EERS' SUPPLIES Cyclop* Iron Works Harron, RickarVKINGS. Ames, Harris A Neville Co. THEATERS. Orpheum Circuit Co. TRANSFER COMPANIES. Beklns' Van and Storage C«. Bocarde Drayage Co. Emmons, G. W. Co. McNab A Smith Morton Drayage and Ware- house Co, Renner, Geo. Union Transfer Co. TRUNKS AND BAGS. HIrschfelder A Meaney TUG BOATS. Shipowners' and Merchants' Tug Boat Co. TYPEAVRITERS. Alexander, L. A M., A Co. W^ALL PAPER. Uhl Bros. WATER W^HEELS. Pelton W^ater "Wheel Co., The WHOLESALE GROCERS. Goldberg, Bowen A Co. Jennings, Thomas Rothschild, John, A Co. Sussman, Wormser A Co. Tlllmann A Bendel WHOLESALE LUMBER AND SHIPPING. Dolbeer A Carson Glen Blair Redwood Co. Hechtmaa, A. J. Heyman, Julius Hooper, C. A., A Co. Matson, Capt. 'Wm. Nelson, Chas., Co. Pope A Talbot Slade, S. E., Lumber Co. Tacoma Mill Co. Union Lumber Co. W^HOLESALE MILLINERY. Hlns A Landt, Inc. W^INES A LIQ,UORS. Brunschweiger A Co. California W^lne Association. Greenvray, E. M. Gnndlach-Bundschu W^ine Co. Italian-Swiss Colony. Jesse Moore-Hunt Co. Lachman A JacoM Livingston A Co. Mann A Co., C. BL, successors to I. de Turk. Martin, E., A Co. Schilling. C, A Co. SchultE, W. A. Shen-Bocqueraa Co. Sher-wood A Shervrood. Slebe Bros. A Plagemana. Van Bergen, N., A Co. Weniger, P. J., A Co. "Wetmore-Bowen Co. W^lchman, Lutgen A Co. Wllmerdlng-Loewe Co. W^OOLENS AND TAILOR TRIMMINGS. Arnstein, Simon A Co. I Graham, James, Mfg. Co. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one commercial organisations throughout California, with a membership of more than thirty thousand. THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JENNINGS, Chairman rRKDERICK TILLMANN, JR., Treasnrer. President Tillmann & Bendel JAMKS K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Amiaby Company GKORGE: a. BATCHELDER Vlce-Prealdent E. H. Rollins A Sons "WILLIAM J. DVTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Corporation HERBERT FLEISHHACKER A. Flelshhacker <& Company "WILLIAM L. GERSTLE Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R. B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W. HBLLMAN, JR. Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco HERBERT E. LAW Capitalist P. U. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Buildlns Trades Council of California W^ILLIAM H. METSON Campbell, Metson & Campbell JOHN MARTIN President John Martin A Company W^ILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navleatlon Company W. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Sarines Bank JAMES ROLPH, JR. Hind, Rolph A Company LOUIS ROSENFELD John Rosenfeld's Sons A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels A Brothers Company ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobln A Tobin DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company. ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman GEO. C. PARDEE Governor of California BENJAMIN IDE W^HEELER President UnlTerslty of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. University LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Dlearo . .Counties South of Tehachapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties JOSEPH J. PERKINS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W^. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Coast Counties ELIAS SQUIRES, GibsonvlUe Sierra Counties LEW^IS E. AUBURY State Mineralogrist ELLWOOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passenger TrafBc Manaser Southern Paclflc Company W^. A. BISSELL Assistant Pas8en«;er Traffic Manager Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western Padfle Railway E. W^. GILLETT General Passenprer Asent San Pedro, Los Anseles and Salt Lake Railroad Company R. X. RYAN General Passeuger Agent California Northwestern Railway and North Shore Railroad S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Paclflc Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNNANN General Pasenger Agent Paclflc Coast Steamship Company FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM. L. GERSTLE, Chairman I. W^. HELLMAN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDBR FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. JOHN MARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman JAMES K. ARMSBY WILLIAM MATSON W. S. PORTER RECEPTION COMMITTEE W^ILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman HERBERT E. LAW^ LOUIS ROSENFELD HERBERT FLEISHHACKER P. H. McCarthy SAN FRANCISCO AFFAIRS COMMITTEE JAMES D. PHELAN, Chairman EUGENE E. SCHMITZ Mayor of San Francisco CHARLES H. BENTLEY The Chamber of Commerce of San Franelseo GEORGE W. iMcXEAR The Merchants' Exchange CHARLES F. RUN VON Board of Trade of San Francisco ROBERT H. SWAYNE Merchants' Association of San Francisco FRANK L. BROWN Manufacturers' and Producers' Association of California PERCY T. MORGAN The Pacific Commercial Museum HERBERT E. LAW^ Association for the Improvement and Adornment of San Francisco J. R. HOWICLL The San Francisco Real Estate Board O. A. TVEITMOE San Francisco BulldluK Trades Council THOMAS MA6EE, JR. Harbor Committee MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman WILLIAM H. METSON DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and representatives of all com- mercial organisations of each of the flfty-seven coontlea In Cali- fornia. 2 M.— 12-20-06 THE c c ounties vjommittee OF The CaliTornia Promotion Committee BULLETIN NUMBER FOUR DECEMBER, 1906 THE most important meeting of the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee was held in San Diego on December fifteenth, Nineteen hundred and six, in the ball room of the Hotel del Coronado, it being the occasion of the sixth semi-annual gathering of represen- tatives from all parts of the State. One of the noteworthy features of the meeting was the fact that fifty-one of Cali- fornia's fifty-seven counties were represented, whereas at the fifth semi-annual meeting, held at Napa in the preceding June, there were but forty-five counties represented, this being the largest number up to that time. The theme of the meeting. The Harbors of California, was well chosen, and in itself attracted much attention to the meet- ing. The subject was treated from a broad standpoint by men prominent in development work in the State's history, and the needs and proposed improvements for all the harbors, from Eureka to San Diego, were fully and intelligently ex- ploited, and a campaign inaugurated which will give an im- petus to action on the part of State and nation in this branch of commerce, and will insure to the future commerce of the ports ample facilities for expansion and development. That the harbors of California are a vital asset in its prosperity is obvious to all, and the part they are to play in the future, in the commerce not only of the State but of the whole nation, is just becoming fully realized. The scheme outlined at the meeting for the improvement of all the harbors of California will be entered into and carried out by the Committee on California Harbors of The California Promotion Committee. It is felt that a long stride forward has been taken and that no one line of action could be pursued more beneficial to the State as a whole than the improvement of California's harbors and the establishment of facilities for handling the commerce, of constantly increasing volume, which is to enter the havens of the State by the Western Sea in the years to come. With a gavel presented to him at a similar gathering in Eureka, Humboldt County, in the northern part of the State, Andrea Sbarboro, chairman of the Counties Committee, called to order the sixth semi-annual meeting in the southwestem- 3 most comer of the State and Nation, and pointed out that from one end of the State to the other the work done by The CaHfornia Promotion Committee for the benefit of CaUfornia was known and appreciated. An address of welcome was extended by Dr. Edward Grove, president of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce. He dwelt upon the great work for the benefit of the State that was being done by The California Promotion Committee in which the people of San Diego, and, in fact, all parts of California are deeply interested. He assured the delegates that the people of San Diego welcomed them to their midst and he expressed the wish that the hospitality extended would be of such a nature that the delegates to the meeting would carry away with them the warmest feelings for the beautiful city of the South. And, he added, "If anything is left undone towards your comfort, well-being and welcome, the fault lies only in our inability to ascertain your wishes." Dr. Grove was followed by an address in response by Andrea Sbarboro, who said in part: On behalf of the Counties Committee of the California Pro- motion Committee, I thank you most heartily for your warm welcome to San Diego. This is our sixth meeting and I am pleased to say that from Portland, Oregon, and Eureka, Cali- fornia, on the North, and Pasadena and now San Diego, on the South, wherever we have visited, we have been accorded the same kind reception as we now receive from the good peo- ple of the Messina of California. The people know that our work is a labor of love, our end being to develop the resources and populate our great State from North to South and from East to West, and also our sister states on the Pacific Coast, with people who can make happy homes and become good citizens. Although to achieve this good work we leave our homes and our business, these hearty greetings from the people all over the State encourage and reward us for our efforts. It has been said that the man who causes two blades of grass to grow where only one grew before is a public bene- factor. It is our desire to have 500,000 car loads of oranges grow per annum in the future to gladden the hearts of the people all over the world with our golden fruit, where only 50,000 car loads have grown before and to increase the pres- ent production of 50,000,000 gallons of our wines pe ran- num to 500,000,000,000 gallons in the future, which will permit the use of this non-intoxicant healthy beverage on the table of every family in the United States. The subject before us at this meeting, "The Harbors of CaUfomia" is a very important one indeed, as the harbors are the gateways to the commerce of the world. I have no doubt that the subject will be well treated and will do a great permanent good to our great State. William W. Harts, Major, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., gave a brief history of water communications and the progress of ancient nations, noting the principles on which this progress was made, and the constant western movement of commercial activity. He showed the unsatisfactory condition of com- munication between the interior of the State and the ocean and suggested the development of the harbors as the best means of promoting free communication. In pursuance with the motions carried, the chairman an- nounced the appointment of the following committees: Committee on Credentials — D. W. Coolidge, secretary of the Pasadena Board of Trade; Isidor Jacobs, chairman of the executive committee of the Potrero Commercial and Manu- facturers' Association, of San Francisco; Wm. Robertson, secretary of the Fresno County Chamber of Commerce; J. R. Smith, of the Napa Chamber of Commerce; and Clarence E. Edwords, Chief of Publicity of The California Promotion Committee. Committee on Resolutions — John S. Akerman, former president of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce; George Henderson, of the Humboldt Chamber of Commerce, Eureka; C. A. Moody, of Los Angeles; Francis Cuttle, of the Riverside Chamber of Commerce; and Captain William H. Marston, of San Francisco, president of the Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast, and president of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco. O. H. Miller, secretary of the Sacramento Valley Develop- ment Association, in speaking of the harbors of the State in their relation to the interior, said in part: The harbors of this State belong to the people of California ; they are the property of all the people, regardless of where they may live. Likewise are those natural agencies which connect them with the interior communities, the producing communities, mind you, the property of the people, and we can not even attempt to separate them, but they must be considered as joint assets of our State and our people. H. L. Ricks, president of the Humboldt Chamber of Com- merce and also representing the Eureka Twenty-five Thous- 5 and Club, who had at the last moment taken the place of George A. Knight, read a paper, quoting many statistics, on Eureka harbor, showing its growth and its importance to the State and Nation. He mentioned Humboldt County's two chief products — lumber and butter and dairy products. At the completion of the jetty system, he stated, the depth of water across the bar would be forty feet; in fact it had been forty before the work was discontinued. George Kennan, an invited guest of the Committee, a member of the editorial staff of McClure's Magazine and a well known writer on Russian political questions, visiting the coast to investigate the Japanese question, was called upon and gave a short impromptu talk which proved of much interest. Mr. Kennan pointed out that Siberia, especially the eastern part of Siberia, was very likely to prove in future, when it had obtained a good government, a very good field for activity for California merchants, and he stated that he had been struck in the past with the extent to which Cali- fornia products had already invaded the Siberian markets. Judge Linden L. Boone, of San Diego, spoke on "San Diego Harbor," and in his talk he dwelt upon the necessity of deep- ening the channel of the bar and told some of the features of the work that was proposed and the benefits that would accrue therefrom. What was wanted from both the National and State governments was set forth in a logical and conr vincing manner, and made the suggestion that the State take entire charge of the waterfront at the expiration of the pres- ent franchises. George D. Gray, of San Francisco, representing the lumber industry, in speaking on the subject, "The Harbors of Cali- fornia and their Relation to the Lumber Industry," said in part: While nature has given California thes^magnificent har- bors it requires our energy and our skill to^ make them ours in the true sense of the word. While it is true that the com- monwealth of the Nation and the State of Califorina has to a considerable degree availed itself of, and developed, these natural advantages, there is much yet to be done, and it ma}'' be interesting and encouraging to note what has been done has developed one of California's most prominent in- dustries— the lumber trade Lee C. Gates, a prominent lawyer of Los Angeles, spoke on San Pedro harbor, and he urged that all California had to do, judging from precedents established by improvements of harbors on the Atlantic slope, was to apply to the govern- ment for aid, impressing upon it the great needs of Cali- fornia's harbors. He stated that in the past no aid was ob- tained because the needs were not known and not reported forcibly to the government. Mr. Gates made an interest- ing statement in his assertion that if San Francisco had never been discovered, the city would, under present conditions, with the splendid harbor inviting the commerce of the world, be built in ten years from the ground, so natural was it that there should be a great city on the magnificent bay. C. M. Gidney, Secretary of the Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, spoke on the subject of Santa Barbara Harbor and in showing its needs and advantages said: Between the new government harbor at San Pedro and the roadstead of Port Harford, a distance of more than two hundred miles, but one place ofifers shelter from the north- westerly gales — the roadstead of Santa Barbara. So ad- mirably sheltered is this roadstead that only an exactly southeast gale, something that rarely occurs, will create any disturbance therein. To remedy this one defect, a break- water would be necessary to intercept the southeast swell during a gale from that quarter. C. O. Miller, of the firm of Turrill & Miller, official photo- graphers of The California Promotion Committee, took two views of the delegates in session. W. L. Ashe, chairman of the Committee on Good Roads, appointed in accordance with a resolution adopted at the Napa meeting of the Counties Committee in the preceding June, was to have made his report at the close of the morn- ing session, but he was unable to be present, and, at his request, M. F. Tarpey, of Fresno, a member of the Committee, was delegated to read the report. As the session had already extended over the scheduled time for the noon recess, the reading of the report was postponed by the chairman. At the opening of the afternoon session Mr. M. F. Tarpey, of Fresno County, presented the report of the Committee on Good Roads, signed by the members of the Committee, W. L. Ashe of Sonoma County, chairman; C. C. Burr of San Francisco County; Wakefield Baker of San Francisco County ; Richard Russell Smith of San Joaquin County ; and M. F. Tarpey of Fresno County. On motion of Mr. Tarpey the report was adopted, without discussion or dissent. Rev. Robert Newton Lynch at this point rose to present an invitation in behalf of Petaluma, of whose Chamber of Commerce he is secretary, for the holding of the seventh semi-annual meeting in Petaluma in the following June. He stated that Fresno, which had at the Napa meeting given way to San Diego for the December meeting, had again con- sented to give way to Petaluma, as conditions in Fresno would be more auspicious for a December than for a June meeting. Mr. William Robertson, secretary of the Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, seconded Mr. Lynch's remarks and urged the acceptance of the invitation of Sonoma county. Mr. Robertson making the proviso that the meeting a year from the date be held in Fresno, in December, 1907, where, he stated, a citrus fair would be also in "full blast." The invitation of Petaluma was accepted and the date set for June 8, 1907. D, W. Coolidge, chairman of the Committee on Credentials, presented the following report for his committee: "To the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee. Gentlemen: Your Committee on Credentials desires to report as follows: We find that there are present at this meeting ninety-two delegates, representing fifty-one counties and a total of forty-four organizations. The following counties have representatives present: North Coast Counties — Del Norte, Humboldt, Trinity; North of Bay Counties — Marin, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Napa; Sacramento Valley Counties — Sacramento, Shasta, Siskiyou, Tehama, Glenn, Butte, Nevada, Yuba, Sutter, Yolo, Placer, Solano, El Dorado; Central Coast Counties — San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito, Monterey, San Luis Obispo; San Francisco County; Counties South of Tehachapi — Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, San Diego; San Francisco Bay Counties — Alameda, Contra Costa; San Joaquin Valley Counties — San Joaquin, Fresno, Merced, Madera, Stanislaus, Kings, Tulare, Mariposa; Mountain Counties — Mono, Inyo, Modoc, Lassen, Amador, Alpine. The commercial organizations represented are the follow- 8 ing: Hollywood Board of Trade, Humboldt Chamber of Commerce, Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Riverside Chamber of Commerce, San Francisco Manufacturers and Producers Association, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, Mission Promotion Association, San Francisco Merchants' Exchange, California Promotion Committee, Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast, Merced County Chamber of Commerce, Dinuba Improvement Association, Pasadena Board of Trade, Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, San Joaquin Valley Commercial Association, Tri-County Refore- station Committee, Fruitvale Board of Trade, San Diego Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, North of Bay Counties Association, Santa Cruz Board of Trade, San Mateo Board of Trade, Mountain Counties Asso- ciation, Berkeley Chamber of Commerce, Sacramento Valley Development Association; Corps of Engineers, United States Army; Calistoga Chamber of Commerce, Colusa County Chamber of Commerce, Long Beach Chamber of Commerce, California Lumber Producers Association, Napa Chamber of Commerce, Santa Maria Chamber of Commerce, Oakland Chamber of Commerce, Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce, Potrero Commercial and Manufacturers Association of San Francisco, Draymen's Association of San Francisco, Escon- dido Chamber of Commerce, Oxnard Board of Trade, San Francisco Piano Dealers Association, El Cajon Chamber of Commerce, Eureka Twenty-five Thousand Club, San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce, Petaluma Chamber of Com- merce, Ridge Chamber of Commerce, and the Sebastopol and Gold Ridge Chamber of Commerce." (Signed) D. W. Coolidge, Wm. Robertson, Clarence E. Edwords, J. Relmond Smith, IsiDOR Jacobs, Committee. The report of the Committee was adopted without dis- cussion. The following telegrams of greeting and of regret were read by the chairman: From Governor George C. Pardee, who was to have opened the afternoon session with an address on ' ' The State and its Relation to California Harbors:" "Combination of bad cold and inclement weather too much for me. Regret I cannot attend San Diego meeting." From H. P. Wood, secretary of the Honolulu Chamber of 9 Commerce, and former secretary of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce: "Best wishes for successful session. Do not forget the harbor of Hawaii. Aloha." From Colvin B. Brown, manager of the Eastern Bureau of The California Promotion Committee, in New York, and former secretary of the Stockton Chamber of Commerce and of the San Joaquin Valley Commercial Association: "Freezing temperature here. Crowd about bulletin board reads that San Diego temperature is fifty-eight and that big convention of California Promotion Committee is being held there today. Eastern Bureau sends congratulations and hopes great good will accrue to State from San Diego meet- ing." William E. Smythe, of the Advisory Committee of The California Promotion Committee, delivered an address on the "Commerce of the Pacific Ocean." He deplored the lack of enterprise in commerce of the United States as compared with that of the Japanese, mentioning the fact that the Japan- ese had just concluded a new treaty with Chile, a field that the United States should cover, and that dried fruit, honey, wines and other items would be exported; products in which California excels. Mr. Smythe asserted that the trade of the United States was not large and was not growing at a satis- factory rate of progress. "What is the matter with the com- merce of the Pacific?" he continued. "What is the matter with the harbors of California? What is the matter with the people?" L. E. Blochman, secretary of the Santa Maria Chamber of Commerce, spoke on the necessity of improving Port Har- ford, in the interests of the oil industry of California. He stated that three oil companies, the Union, -Graciosa, and Associated, would send twenty million barrels of oil to Japan, at the rate of two million barrels a year. He showed that most of the oil from the Coalinga and Kern fields was piped to Port Harford and shipped by water, there being no rail- road facilities adequate for the transportation. He stated that there were three pipe lines and nine incorporated com- panies handling the oil production. Hugh Hogan, chairman of the Harbor Committee of 10 the Oakland Chamber of Commerce, read a paper on Oakland harbor and used the map presented at the morning session by Mr. Gray, in connection with his paper. Mr. Hogan sup- plemented Mr. Gray's statement of the necessary improve- ments which the Federal Government should furnish, saying: "The United States giving five hundred thousand dollars does not mean all that is necessary, by any means. The people will have to expend two million dollars more, in main- tenance, etc." A. A. Fries, Captain Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., in com- menting on "California's Harbor Defenses," said in part: The greatest need to-day for the defense of the Western coast is a larger and stronger fleet on the Pacific and the com- pletion of the Panama Canal. Once we have the canal in operation we can quickly reinforce the Pacific Fleet from the Atlantic and vice versa. The headquarters of the fleet should be in the Philippine Islands, the nearest point to Asia along whose Eastern coast are located the Pacific naval bases of the only four powers we have to fear, viz: England, Germany, France and Japan. Manila must be immediately fortified and likewise Hono- lulu. As long as our Pacific fleet is undefeated, no enemy will dare attempt an invasion of our coast, but with the fleet out of the way Manila, Honolulu and Alaska would soon fall, to be used as bases for future operations against us. Two only of California's harbors, San Francisco and San Diego, are fortified. They are in fair shape for defense, ex- cept for men to handle the guns. Our coast artillery to-day has about 14,000 men, while 40,000 is the least number re- quired to man existing fortifications. After more men, the greatest need is a complete fire con- trol system for each harbor (a range finding and communi- cation system between guns, lookouts, etc.), and as a final line of defense two or three submarine boats should be pro- vided for each. William H. Marston, president of the Chamber of Com- merce of San Francisco and president of the Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast, read a paper "San Francisco Harbor." In speaking of the bay of San Francisco, Captain William H. Marston said in part: The bay of San Francisco is the most important visible asset that San Francisco has. It is of prime importance to 11 the entire State of California. In its relation to the world- wide commerce that passes in and out of the Golden Gate, the bay of San Francisco will, ultimately, be found to be of more value to the United States than are individually the ports of New York, Philadelphia or Boston. With the increase of the exporting business with the Orient, the importing busi- ness will naturally increase. What harbor on the Pacific Coast is so well placed to attend to the calls of a growing com- merce as the bay of San Francisco? Marsden Manson read a paper entitled ' ' The Harbors of California; Some Suggestions as to Their Improvement and Administration," and he moved the endorsement and recommendation of the measures proposed in the paper for legislation. Dr. Edwords stated that this was out of order as it had been decided to have all resolutions submitted to the Committee on Resolutions during the morning session. Judge Boone and Mr. Tarpey supported Dr. Edwords' con- tention and the chair decided that Mr. Manson's motion was out of order. In his address on the "Value of California Harbors to Farm- ers," M. F. Tarpey, of San Joaquin Valley, dwelt on the ne- cessity of encouraging the building of new railroads and ex- pressed the belief that the electric roads which are springing up everywhere will do much to solve the transportation problem. In conclusion, he said: Above all, every harbor should protect its water front from falling into the hands of either public corporations or private speculators. Allow no tax gatherer other than the servant of the public to levy toll on your harbor, and let the toll to be exacted by said public servant be only what is requisite to maintain, at its best efficiency, the requisite fa- cilities for commerce. See to it that every railroad line, steam, electric, or whatever it may be, has equal access to, and convenience at, your wharves; bring ship and car to- gether without the interposition or hindrance of anybody or anything. If unfortunately any of your water front has fallen into private ownership, have the property condemned for public use and pay the price; you will have to do that ultimately, and now is your very best time ; it will be the best use you could put your money to If you provide the fa- cilities for handling the farmer's products you need not fear but that his products will naturally flow to your port, and make your city great. John H. Hartog, secretary Colusa County Chamber of 12 Commerce, discussing the "Value of California's Harbors to its Agriculture," pointed out the fact that, as the farmer is the foundation of our country's prosperity, so is the farmer concerned in all matters that concern this country's greatness, and harbors are one of those. He also declared that insep- arable from the subject of harbors is that of waterways and added: "If you improve your harbors to attract the worlds' commerce, improve also the feeders that supply the cargoes." This concluded the addresses for the day, and the Com- mittee on Resolutions stated that it was ready to report, and the chairman instructed Chairman Akerman to proceed with the reading of the report, copy of which is attached hereto. At the conclusion of the reading of the resolution, com- prising the report of the Committee on Resolutions, Marsden Manson moved the adoption of the report and M. F. Tarpey seconded the motion. The report was adopted. Rufus P. Jennings explained that the Counties Committee at its meeting in Napa in the preceding June appointed a Committee on Good Roads and ordered same to report at the San Diego meeting. He therefore asked that the convention make an exception in the case of the resolution offered by the Committee on Good Roads, and moved that the resolu- tion of the Committee on Good Roads be adopted. M. F. Tarpey seconded the motion and it was carried. Mr. Akerman then presented a supplementary report in behalf of the Committee on Resolutions in the form of a resolution of thanks to the various parties who had contri- buted to the success of the meeting, moving the adoption of the resolution. After being seconded by Herman Charles the resolution, as per attached, was adopted. This completed the business of sixth semi-annual meeting of the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Com- mittee, and Chairman Sbarboro announced that a motion to adjourn would be entertained. A motion was presented and carried, and the meeting adjourned to reconvene at Peta- luma on June 8, 1907. After the banquet at the Hotel del Coronado in the evening, the delegates were entertained with an illustrated talk on San Diego by O. W. Cotton, who said in part: 13 Our climatic conditions are unequalled, our industrial, mineral and agricultural resources are as great as can be found anywhere, and our entire county from the ocean to the Colorado river is as yet but in its infancy. The sixty thousand people pursuing the various occupations, indus- tries and businesses are best demonstrating what can be accomplished here. San Diego county with its 8,500 square miles can support and employ five million people and have room to spare, and by our continued development by adver- tisement and with the assistance of the California Promotion Committee we expect to attain that end. An illustrated lecture on the Lumber Industry of Cali- fornia was also given by George D. Gray of San Fran- cisco. Dr. Clarence E. Edwords, chief of Publicity of the Cali- fornia Promotion Committee, delivered an illustrated lecture on the subject of "California's Harbors." In his lecture he brought out the community of interest of all parts of the State saying: Every industry in the State'is dependent upon the shipping, and there is one attribute of California that is common to the entire commonwealth. This is the magnificent harbor facilities which give opportunity to every industry in the State to reach the markets of the world. California is par- ticularly fortunate in its harbors, and were any of them situated anywhere along the parallel coast of the Atlantic it would be so fostered and developed by the state to which it belonged that it would attract the commerce 'of the world. George Kennan, the noted author, whose articles on dark- est Russia attracted world-wide attention, also gave a short talk. The entertainment of the delegates was conducted under the auspices of the Committee on Arrangements, 'pjohn S. Akerman, chairman, and the various sub-committees ap- pointed by him. On Sunday the delegates were taken by special train to La Jolla and the celebrated caves; returning lunch was en- oyed at the Hotel Balboa at Pacific Beach. Thence the delegates were conducted to San Diego and transferred by an electric car to another special train, visiting in the after- noon the Sweetwater Dam and Tia Juana and Old Mexico across the border. 14 On Monday the delegates were transported by launch and carriage from Glorietta Bay to Roseville, carriages then being taken to Point Loma, where an entertainment in their honor was given by the children of the Raja Yoga Academy, under the leadership of Mrs. Katherine Tingley. A buffet lunch was served on the launches and the party conducted again to San Diego where tally-hos were waiting and the delegates were driven over the city and vicinity, visiting the Chamber of Commerce and the San Diego Normal School. The report of the Committee on Resolutions as presented by its chairman, John S. Akerman, was as follows: Whereas, the Counties Committee of The California Pro- motion Committee, representing the commercial interests of the entire State of California, has discussed fully and com- prehensively at this meeting, held in San Diego, December 15, 1906, the needs of the harbors of California, particularly in relation to the duties and opportunities, with respect thereto, of both the nation and the State, and Whereas, California stands at the gateway to the vast commerce of the Orient and the islands of the Pacific Ocean and to her ports comes the commerce of the whole world, and Whereas, it is notorious that the harbors of California, which are among the best in the world so far as natural ad- vantages are concerned, are deficient in those improvements necessary for the present, and to meet the requirements of such commerce as may be expected to come in the future to our shores, and Whereas, every port in California is in need of attention and all these ports are essential elements in the general pros- perity of State and nation, and Whereas, not only adequate deepening and widening of channels and waterways but also proper and adequate an- chorage and dockage facilities ; a proper regulation of port de- mands, pilotage charges, towage expense; and cost of water supplies together with a ready opportunity for the interchange of freight between docks, are essential in carrying on the business of a port to the best advantage, be it Resolved, that the Congress of the United States be re- quested to appoint at as early a date as practicable a com- mission of federal engineers for the purpose of examining into and reporting at as early a date as possible upon the needs of all the harbors of California, and recommending such improvements of the harbors of California as properly lie within the province of the national government; be it further Resolved, that the Governor, in consultation with the 15 Chambers of Commerce of the various ports demanding im- provements, be requested to appoint a commission which shall examine into the needs of all the harbors of California, investigating port charges, wharfage, and dockage demands, pilotage fees and towage and water supplies expenses and reporting at as early a date as possible to the Governor, with recommendations for such necessary improvements of the harbors of the State in matters within the province of the State; be it further Resolved, that the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee urgently recommends that the Legis- lature of the State of California, pursuant to such report, enact such legislation as will provide for the regular and permanent improvement of the harbors of the State, through a period of years, at the expense of the whole State, the sums to be expended to be raised either by general taxation or by bond issue as may seem to the Legislature most expedient and desirable; be it further Resolved, that the Governor of California be requested to instruct the Attorney-General to take immediate proceedings to eject from any harbor property of the State all persons or corporations now improperly in possession of or occupying such properties. Be it further Resolved, that the Committee on California Harbors of The California Promotion Committee be and hereby is in- structed to take immediately such steps as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of these resolutions. Resolution Relating to Good Roads: Resolved, that a better system of making and repairing public roads than is possible under the present road laws, is required to secure proper returns for the road taxes collected, and the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee, in meet- ing assembled, hereby endorses the recommendations in the report of the Glen Ellen Road Convention, and instructs its Committee on Good Roads to urge the enactment of laws in harmony therewith. Resolution of Thanks: Resolved, that the sincere thanks and appreciation of the Counties Committee of The Cali- fornia Promotion Committee, at this, their sixth semi-annual meeting, held this fifteenth day of December, nineteen hun- dred and six, in this lovely City of St. James, be extended to the Officials and Citizens of the City of San Diego, the San Diego Chamber of Commerce, the Proprietors of this beauti- ful Coronado Hotel, to the gentlemen who have favored us with most entertaining and instructive papers, to the Press of the City of San Diego, and to the Press of California, for the royal reception and generous hospitality shown each and 16 every member of the Committee, and delegates, for the en- thusiasm manifested in the work we wish to accompHsh for the benefit of our glorious State of California, her people, and the commerce of the world. Introduced by (signed) James Rolph, Jr. Committee on Resolutions: (Signed) John S. Akerman, Chairman C. A. Moody, Secretary Francis Cuttle Geo. Henderson W. H. Marston Following is an alphabetical list of the delegates who at- tended the meeting: John S. Akerman, chairman committee on arrangements. Chamber of Commerce, San Diego; Lewis E. Aubury, State Mineralogist, San Francisco, member advisory committee of The California Promotion Committee. Charles Royal Beitler, Cashier and Accountant of The California Promotion Committee, California Bldg., Union Square, San Francisco; A. D. Bishop, Chamber of Commerce, Santa Ana, Orange County; Louis Blankenhorn, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles; L. E. Blochman, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County; Leo J. Bogan, messenger of The California Promotion Committee, San Francisco ; Judge Linden L. Boone, Chamber of Commerce, San Diego; Frank T. Bowers, San Francisco and Robert N. Bulla, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles. H. G. Candee, secretary Board of Trade, Hollywood, Los Angeles County; Herman Charles, secretary Chamber of Com- merce, Riverside; S. A. Conner, representing "Rural Cali- fomian," Los Angeles; D. W. Coolidge, secretary Board of Trade, Pasadena, Los Angeles county; G. S. Cutler, presi- dent Chamber of Commerce, Calistoga, Napa county; Francis Cuttle, chairman Tri-Counties Reforestation Committee of Riverside, San Bernardino, and Orange counties. Riverside. Norman F. D'Evelyn, secretary to chairman. The CaU- fornia Promotion Committee, San Francisco. Clarence E. Edwords, Chief of Pubhcity, The CaHfornia Promotion Committee, San Francisco. R. Fisler, Chamber of Commerce, El Cajon, San Diego county; Louis H. Fox, Chamber of Commerce, Petaluma, 17 m d Sonoma county; Amos A. Fries, Captain Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Los Angeles. Lee C. Gates, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles; C. M. Gidney, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Santa Barbara; Geo. D. Gray, president Lumber Producers' Association, member advisory committee on harbors of The California Promotion Committee, delegate Chamber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda county; Dr. Edward Grove, president Chamber of Commerce, San Diego. R. B. Hale, chairman Executive Committee on California Harbors of The California Promotion Committee, San Fran- cisco; E. B. Hall, Mountain Counties Association, Bishop, Inyo county; John H. Hartog, secretary-manager Colusa County Chamber of Commerce, Colusa; Wm. W. Harts, Major Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, San Francisco; Geo. Henderson, Chamber of Commerce of Humboldt county. Eureka; F. L. Hieatt, Chamber of Commerc^e, San Diego; Hugh Hogan, chairman Harbor Committee and director of Chamber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda county; Francis Hope, representative North of Bay Counties Association, Los Angeles. H. D. Irwin, Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda county. Isidor Jacobs, chairman executive committee, Potrero Commercial and Manufacturers Association, San Francisco; James A. Jasper, secretary Chamber of Commerce, San Diego; Rufus P. Jennings, chairman The California Pro- motion Committee, San Francisco; Captain J. Jensen, direc- tor Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast, San Fran- cisco. Col. John Kastle, Board of Trade, Oxnard, Ventura county; George Kennan, editorial staff McClure's Magazine, New York City. Elmer Lamb, Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda county; J. J. C. Leonard, Santa Cruz Board of Trade, Santa Cruz; Charles F. Lee, Board of Trade, Fruitvale; W. F. Ludd- ington. Chamber of Commerce, San Diego; Robert Newton Lynch, secretary Petaluma Chamber of Commerce and sec- retary North of Bay Counties Association, Petaluma, Sonoma county. Marsden Manson, Potrero Commercial and Manufacturers Association, San Francisco; Captain Wm. H. Marston, presi- 18 dent The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco and presi- dent Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast; James McFadden, Chamber of Commerce, Santa Ana, Orange county ; Geo. McFarlane, Sebastopol and Gold Ridge Chamber of Commerce, Sebastopol; C. O. Miller, official photographer. The California Promotion Committee, San Francisco; J. A. Miller, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Long Beach, Los Angeles county; O. H. Miller, secretary Sacramento Valley Development Association, Sacramento; Edmund Mitchell, Associate Editor West Coast Magazine, Los Angeles; C. A. Moody, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles. Frank Nozro, Twenty-five Thousand Club, Eureka, Hum- boldt County. H. C. Phillips, Chief Engineer Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway System, member advisory committee on Califfornia Harbors of The California Promotion Committee, Los Angeles; F. O. Popenoe, manager Pacific Monthly, Los Angeles; Gervaise Purcell, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles. George Renner, Potrero Commercial and Manufacturers Association, San Francisco; C. W. Richardson, Twenty-five Thousand Club, Eureka; H. L. Ricks, president Humboldt Chamber of Commerce, Eureka; William Robertson, secre- tary Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, Fresno; James Rolph, Jr. , executive committee on California Harbors of The California Promotion Committee, Committee on Harbor and Shipping of The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, executive committee Mission Promotion Association, Com- mittee on Shipping of The Merchants' Exchange, San Fran- cisco; Chester H. Rowell, Editor "Republican," Fresno; H. N. Royden, Board of Trade, San Mateo. Andrea Sbarboro, chairman Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee; president Manufacturers and Producers Association, of California, San Francisco. George Sears, Chamber of Commerce, El Cajon, San Diego county; Theodore H. Skinner, San Francisco; E. C. Smith, Chamber of Commerce, El Cajon, San Diego county; J. Rel- mond Smith, Chamber of Commerce, Napa; WilHam E. Smythe, member advisory committee of The California Pro- motion Committee, San Diego; Sig. Steiner, Chamber of Com- merce. Escondido, San Diego county; U. J. Stevens, presi- dent Chamber of Commerce, El Cajon, San Diego county. 19 M. F. Tarpey, Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, Fresno. Douglas S. Watson, executive committee on California Harbors of The California Promotion Committee, San Fran- cisco; C. R. Winfield, Chamber of Commerce, Petaluma, Sonoma county; Edward Winterer, director Board of Trade, Hollywood, Los Angeles county; Leroy A. Wright, Chamber of Commerce, San Diego; Geo. L. Winterbotham, director Chamber of Commerce, Riverside; S. H. Wyckoff, sec- retary Chamber of Commerce, Napa; S. N. Wyckoff, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda county; G. W' Wyllie, Improvement Association, Dinuba, Tulare county. Frederick W. Yokum, secretary Merced County Chamber of Commerce, Merced. 20 1 CAUIPORNIA PROJVIOTIOIN COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COiyiMIXTEE RuFUS p. Jennings, Chairman. 1 tDBRiCK Tillman. Jr.. Treasurer President Tillman and Bendel IBS K. Armsby F/^^>i'^"^Th'l 4 ^tV ^^?>y Company '■-■ jRGE A. Batchelder Vice-President E. H. Rolhns and Sons 1 ' LiAM J DoTTON President 1* jrcman s t und Insurance Corporation ( RDBRT Flbishhacker.' A. Flcifihhacker and Company 1 LLiAM L Gerstle Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R Hale Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc "' Hbllm.r Committee MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. Hale. Chairman William H. Metson Douglas S. Watson San Vol. IV. Wo. 2. JANUARY 1907 10 Cents. $1.00 A Year COUNTIES NUMBER No. FOUR FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: A CAUFHNU HAY-MAKING SCENE EDITORIAL SAN MATEO COUNTY SISKIYOU COUNTY SONOMA COUNTY PLACER COUNTY MONTEREY COUNTY GLENN COUNTY ALPINE COUNTY SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY MONO COUNTY PAUL PINCKNEY T. J. NOLTON A. R. WATERS J. H. LINDSEY CHARLES R. MELANDER P. D. BANE REGINALD W. NUHALL THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTITEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMIHEE 'PROMOTION: (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) The act of promoting; advancement; encouragement." — (Zentury Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one com- mercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION "FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE" COUNTIES NUMBER No. FOUR eJANUARY, lOOT Vol IV, No. 2 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE CALIFORNIA BlILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO Editorial THE fourth Counties Number of FOR CALIFORNIA is a continuation of the series began in October, by which it is intended to give a com- plete resume of conditions and advantages in California- The articles on the various counties are written by experts well acquainted with their especial localities, and contain a wealth of valuable infor- mation that can be relied upon as absolutely accurate. In the January number nine more counties are shown. All the counties in the State have been invited to participate in this series. San Mateo County, the natural entrepot for San Francisco's overflow population, is described by Paul Pinckney, Secretary of the San Mateo Board of Trade. He tells of the products, the resources of the county, and the beautiful suburban homes. He predicts a marvelous development as soon as the Western Coast and Ocean Shore railroads are in operation and the Bay Shore cut-off and Dumbarten bridge project completed. Siskiyou County finds an enthusiastic exponent in T. J. Nolton, Secre- tary of Siskiyou County Chamber of Commerce. In addition to describing the principal products, he gives the reader an excellent idea of the extensive work in which the United States Reclamation Service is at present engaged in draining the Klamath Lakes. The electric plants, mining operations, lumbering Industry, and railroad-building of the county are also touched upon. A. R. Waters, Secretary of the Santa Rosa Chamber of Commerce, sets forth in attractive manner the many and diversified attractions of "Imperial" Sonoma County, where Luther Burbank, the foremost horti- culturist and scientist of his day, makes his home and experimental station. Producers, he says, are more wanted in Sonoma County than consumers. In his article on Placer County, J. H. Lindsey, Secretary of the Auburn Chamber of Commerce, writes entertainingly of the many opportunities awaiting the investor and well-to-do homeseeker in that favored section, with its varied climates and productions. He also devotes some space to the remarkable growth of Roseville, where railroad shops are being established that will employ 1,500 men. Charles R. Melander, temporary Secretary of the Salinas Chamber of Commerce, contributes an instructive paper on "Monterey County." He shows how the county is naturally divided into four sections— the Santa Lucia Mountains on the west, the Salinas Valley in the central portion, the Gabilan Mountains on the east, and the Pajaro Valley on the north— and gives some striking figures of the products for 1906. P. D. Bane, Vice-President of the Glenn County Chamber of Commerce, tells of the irrigation canal projects which are going to work wonders in the development and productiveness of that county. The mining and lumbering interests of Alpine and Mono counties, two comparatively unknown mountain counties, are handled by a staff writer. In discussing San Luis Obispo County, Reginald W. Nuttall has some Interesting things to say of the oil industry of central California. He says there is a great field for outside capital and is confident of a great boom in his section as soon as the railroad opens up San Luis Obispo County, for he declares that business interests are on a solid basis, failures are unknown, and success and prosperity are in evidence everywhere. Taken as a whole, this number of the magazine will be found unusually interesting. Those who have inquiring friends throughout the world should secure copies of these Counties Numbers, for they cover the whole State thoroughly and will answer the many questions that are constantly coming from those who are desirous of making a change to a more favored clime. San Mateo County PAUIi PINCKNEY Secretary San Sfateo Board of Trade SAN MATEO COUNTY is to San Francisco what Westchester is to New York, the natural field for its expansion and the receiving entrepot for Its overflow population. Lying at the very doors of the metropolis, it is already a part of that city in all but political divisions; their interests, their sympathies, their destiny are one. As the Eastern metropolis marched into Westchester County, in like man- ner is San Francisco spreading into San Mateo, and not a business artery in either county but has a connection in the other. San Mateo County occupies all of the northern part of the San Fran- cisco peninsula except the area covered by the city and county at the most northern point. It extends from the Pacific on the west to the beauti- ful San Francisco Bay on the east, and has for its southern boundary the counties of Santa Clara and Santa Cruz. Within this area are nearly a score of flourishing towns, some Important manufacturing concerns, much rich agricultural lands, valuable timber, and considerable undeveloped mineral resources. The garden and dairy products are heavy feeders of the San Francisco markets, and the flowers of commerce are produced in greater quantity and variety here than in any other section of like area. The population of the county is about 18,000, and the assessed valua- tion over $19,000,000, or more than $1,000 per capita. The valuations are extremely low, and the tax-rate correspondingly so. State and county taxes are but $1.55 on the $100. But two other counties in the State have as low a rate, and San Francisco alone has a lower one. This is very significant, in view of the heavy losses sustained last April. Notwithstand- ing this, the tax-rate was lowered by forty cents when the budget was made up in September. This statement is made as showing the wise and economical administration of the present Board of Supervisors. The public school system of San Mateo County is the equal of any in the State. Not a district in the county but has its grammar school with able teachers in charge, and the principal towns have high schools. In addition there are several colleges, preparatory and private schools, con- vents, etc. Every community has its church, and religious facilities are of the best. The people on the whole are moral, law-abiding, and intelligent. The percentage of illiterates is nil. The general prosperity is greater than in most places in this State or elsewhere, for it is a pleasing fact that want is practically unknown here, and real poverty not in evidence. The average person appears to earn a "living" without extraordinary effort. The transportation facilities of the county will see a tremendous increase during the coming year. At present the Southern Pacific is the only steam railway traversing the county, but the United Railroads have an electric line to San Mateo and the Peninsula Railroad Company is now building a through line from San Jose to the metropolis along the bay shore. The Ocean Shore Railroad, which will follow the western coast from San Francisco to Santa Cruz, is being constructed as rapidly as is possible, and General W. H. H. Hart states that the Western Pacific will not rest until it forces a way through the county. The two next most important items of railway construction is the Bay- Shore cut-off and the Dumbarten bridge project, both by the Southern Pacific. The first will place San Mateo County points twenty minutes nearer to San Francisco, and the last will enable this section to participate in the advantages of being on a transcontinental line along with San Fran- cisco. Each has done much to stimulate emigration and has greatly increased values. While San Mateo County has rich timber lands, fertile soil, valuable farm, orchard, and dairy products, and large undeveloped resources, her claims to consideration are based chiefly on her eligibility for suburban homes, especially along the railway lines easy of access. It is here, at the doors of San Francisco, where the overworked business man may secure a healthful, restful country home, removed from the worry, confusion, and discomforts of the busy metropolis, and live in an invigorating, healthy climate, breathe pure fresh air, renew his energies in a night, and yet be as near his business practically as he would be in many parts of the city itself. The price of property has not advanced In a commensurate degree with the Increasing population and multiplying advantages; hence a country home is placed within the reach of any industrious person by reason of the low price and the easy terms. San Mateo, the chief town of the county, is to be the site of an elegant hotel of the Del Monte and Potter type, and it will be open next summer. It will be built on the private grounds of the late Alvinza Hayward, and his mansion, built at a cost of more than $100,000, will be a part of it. A company with a capital stock of $300,000, and the successful financier Captain John Burneson at the head, will operate it, and James H. Doolittle, one of the most successful hotel men in the State, will be the manager. It is to be called "The Peninsula." Adjoining San Mateo on the north, and practically a part of it, is famous Burlingame, the place of splendid country mansions of millionaires, polo, golf, the Country Club, the hunt, and a score of other attractions. South San Francisco, on the north, is rapidly becoming an important manufacturing center. The $5,000,000 Guggenheim copper smelter and the Pacific Steel Rolling Mills are among the additions during this year. Redwood City, the county seat, is a flourishing and prosperous town, whose citizens are noted for their enterprise and unity of purpose when it comes to advancing local interests. Menio Park, just south of Redwood, is much on the order of Burlingame. Just across the county line is Stanford University, but twelve miles from San Mateo. Colma, Belmont, Woodside, Millbrae, San Bruno, and San Carlos make up the sum of towns on the east side. The west coast is dotted with prosperous villages, the chief of which are Halfmoon Bay, Pescadero, and San Cregorio. These are on the line of the Ocean Shore Railroad, in a rich farming section, and the chief timber and agricultural lands lie contiguous to them. Siskiyou County T. J. N0I.T01V Secretary Siskiyou County Chamber of Commerce SISKIYOU is the most northerly county in the State. It measures 125 miles from east to west, and 65 miles from north to south. It con- tains 6,000 square miles (4,000,000 acres), one half of which is timber land. The assessed valuation of the property in the county amounts to $12,000,000; the tax rate, $1.50 on the hundred dollars; popc^lation, 20,000, and there is room for 80,000 more. Mt. Shasta, 14,444 feet high, in the eastern part of the county, is the dividing line between the Cascade Mountains on the north and the Sierra Nevadas on the south. The three largest valleys are Shasta, Scott, and Butte Creek; they contain about 1,000 square miles. The elevation ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above sea-level. There are 900 ranches in the county, many of which are nestled in the mountains, with fine large cattle ranges surrounding them. Many of the ranches are very large, five In the Butte Creek country containing 10,400 acres. The principal crops raised are wheat, oats, barley alfalfa, and all kinds of vegetables. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, English walnuts, and small fruits do well in many parts of the county. Along the Klamath and Salmon rivers they grow to their greatest perfection. Sugar- beets are successfully grown, and when a sugar-beet factory Is established here the growing of beets will be an important industry. Hops grown in Scott Valley won a gold medal at the Portland Exposition. The United States Reclamation Service is at present engaged in the work of draining the Klamath lakes, and marginal swamp-lands, part of which are in this county, and building canals to carry the water, which fills the lakes, to the desert lands of northeastern Siskiyou, a work which, when completed, will give us 300,000 additional acres of farming lands. The Klamath River drains a great part of the county. It carries to the ocean the waters of sixty-three tributaries, among them Shasta, Scott, and Salmon rivers. Light and power are distributed all over the thickly settled portion of the county, except in southern Siskiyou, by the Siskiyou Electric Power Company. They have lines into all of the mining camps, save in the Salmon River country, and, during the coming spring, they intend extending their lines into this section as well as into southern Siskiyou. They have two large water-power plants in the county, and fully $500,000 invested in the business. At the largest plant, that on Fall Creek, they had to dig but 4,700 feet of ditch to get a vertical drop of 71 5 feet. Mining in all of its branches is carried on. The county's output of gold has added $150,000,000 to the world's wealth, and we are adding to the same at the rate of $1,000,000 annually. One of our quartz mines has produced $3,000,000, and a new mine in the same district will from all indications beat the other's record. The owners are at present working on an eight-foot ledge of $40 rock, on a pay shoot 1,000 feet long. We have in the county undeveloped coal and Iron, marble, building- stones, lime, and cement materials. The copper discoveries promise to double or treble the present mineral output. One mine in the Siskiyou Mountains has between two and three million dollars of copper ore blocked out. The promised extension of the Yreka and Montague Railroad to Etna in Scott Valley will do much for that beautiful valley so rich in agriculture, minerals, and lumber. The building of the California Northeastern, from Weed, on the main line of the Southern Pacific, to the Klamath Lakes, in the extreme northeastern portion of the county, is opening up a new empire. There are five independent railroad lines being successfully ope- rated in the county and ten stage lines. We have six State banks, and an equal number of weekly newspapers. Our many health and summer resorts are visited by thousands of people annually. One of our springs ships 750,000 gallons of mineral water every twelve months. The principal industry of the county is lumbering. Our sawmills cut 200,000,000 feet of white pine lumber a year, which is worth $3,000,- 000. There are nine box factories in the county, making one half of the boxes used in the State. Immense alfalfa crops are raised In the county (estimated at 75,000 tons), and the cattle and dairying interests are important. The former is valued at $500,000, the latter at $1,000,000. We are proud of our school system; it is a credit to any country. There are ninety school districts and more than one hundred and twenty teachers employed, the average salary being $70. We have two high schools, the Union High School, in Etna, and the County High School, in Yreka. The latter stands accredited in twenty-four subjects at the State University, and the former in almost the same number. ^Btowns of Scott Valley; Hornbrook, Ager, Montague, Edgwood, Upton, Sis- ^*son, and Dunsmuir, towns along the railroad; McCioud, eighteen miles inland from Upton, on branch road; Brownell, Picard, and Ruby, towns in Butte Creek Valley. The mining towns are Sawyer's Bar, Snowden, and Cecilville, on the Salmon River; Gottville, Oak Bar, and Happy Camp, on the Klamath River; and Scott Bar, on Scott River. Yreka enjoys the proud distinction of having contributed to the relief fund of San Francisco the greatest amount per capita of any community on earth. Sonoma County i A. R. WATERS Secretary Santa Roaa Cliamber of Commerce I ^^wMPERIAL" SONOMA COUNTY is not to be compared to any other county of California in wealth of opportunities for the home-seeker from the cold and storm-ridden Eastern States. She ranks first owing to her position, climate, productiveness of soil, and the fact that there is never any need of irrigation. With all of the California counties holding their arms open to receive him, Luther Burbank, the foremost horticulturist and scientist of his day, makes Sonoma County his home and experimental station, well satisfied that he could not better the conditions with which he finds Nature has endowed the county. Sonoma County lies along the Pacific Ocean in a northwesterly and southeasterly direction, with a coast-line of over fifty miles, indented with bays and inlets into which the streams from the interior enter. The extreme length of the county is seventy miles, and the breadth varies from twelve miles at the south end to forty miles at the north, while the total area is 1,680 square miles, and the population approximately 54,855. This area is about one third more than the State of Rhode Island, but only about one seventeenth the population. Santa Rosa, the county seat, with a population of about 11,000, is only fifty-two miles north of San Francisco, and is connected by two lines of steam railroads, while an electric line is now being built. The other incorporated cities, in order of their importance, are: Petaluma, sixteen miles to the south; Healdsburg, sixteen miles north; Geyserville, twenty-four miles north; Cloverdale, thirty-two miles north; Sebastopol, eight miles west, and Sonoma, twenty-four miles southeast. There are a number of smaller towns scattered throughout the county. The climate is all that could be desired. There is a dry and wet season. The annual rainfall for the past seventeen years has been over thirty-two inches, while the thermometer seldom falls below thirty-two or goes above ninety-five degrees. There is never any extreme heat or cold. The wet season is not at all disagreeable, as the sun shines more days in the year in Santa Rosa than in San Francisco or Los Angeles, according to the Government Weather Bureau records. Flowers bloom all the year round out of doors without protection. There are mountain ranges and plateau and valley land in abundance. Grazing for cattle, sheep, goats, and other animals is to be had in the mountains, while a large amount of timber is also secured along the ranges. The productiveness of the soil and the variety of the products can best be judged by enumerating some of the crops assessed the past year: Grapes (for table, raisins, and wine), apples, apricots, cherries, figs, nectarines, olives, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, French and other varieties of prunes, lemons, oranges, almonds and walnuts, wheat, oats, barley, corn, hay, alfalfa, hops, potatoes, and celery. Dairying and stock-raising is a large industry in Sonoma County, while no county in the State produces as much poultry and eggs as does "Old Sonoma." There are millions of dollars realized each year by the "hen- men" of Sonoma County, and there is a never-failing market for all that can be produced, at good prices. Another large money-producer are the berries. There are blackberries, raspberries, and Loganberries by the tons produced each year at high prices. Tomatoes and cucumbers also produce heavily here. There is unlimited opportunity in Sonoma County for capital. With all the ocean shore available, one of the best-paying propositions now open would be the construction of an electric line from Santa Rosa to the beach, as thousands go each year to the coast for the vacation season, and all must drive the twenty-four miles over mountain roads. Some of the grandest scenery to be found within hundreds of miles of San Francisco lies along the Russian River, which traverses the county and makes a pass through the mountains which could be followed by an electric road. There are large opportunities for factories, farmers, and producers of all kinds to be found in all parts of Sonoma County. Producers are needed more than consumers at the present time, and will be accorded a hearty welcome by all. There is no county in the State which has better, or more, public schools than Sonoma. There are 139 grammar schools, with 235 teachers; five high schools, with twenty-one teachers; and a number of private schools and business colleges. All the principal denominations are represented by large and growing churches, and they are well supported. The same may be said of the fraternal orders. Strangers are given a warm greeting and made to feel at home, and there is a sympathetic social life throughout the county. In conclusion, if you can live where you are, you can live better and happier here without the many discomforts of the summer's heat and the winter's cold, with all the comforts of the land of "sunshine, fruits, and flowers." Placer County J. H. LINDSEY Secretary Auburn Chamber of Commerce PLACER COUNTY is probably the most diversified section of Cali- fornia, with its varied climates and productions, and its title of "Gateway County" is eminently suited to the many charming con- ditions seen by the traveler who makes his first pilgrimage to the Golden State. From an altitude of only a few feet above sea-level at Roseville, in its extreme southwestern point, its territory reaches 7,000 feet at Summit Station, its extreme northeastern point. Placer County is not dependent upon one or two industries for its existence. In the past fifteen years it has built up many enterprises. Min- ing is still one of the principal pursuits, but grain and fruit raising and also its lumber interests have established permanently its commercial im- portance. The advent of electric railways into the county is looked forward to with great anticipation, and these are absolutely assured, as most of the preliminary work for their building has been completed. The granite and terra cotta industries give employment to a large army of laborers, and in this regard some of the most attractive structures in the State have been built with Placer County material. The lower lands of the county are covered with thousands of acres of wheat-fields, while its central portion, where its great fruit belt lies, is dotted with hundred of orchards whose annua! yield constitutes the major portion of the California production of many of the fruits. At the present time extensive preparations are being made to resume quartz mining in the famous Ophir Mines, and a large amount of capital will be invested there within the next year. The climate of Placer County is the most delightful in California, all seasons being mild and moderate, and neither the rigors of cold weather nor oppressive heat mark either summer or winter in the central portion. Heavy snows abound only in the high mountain altitudes. In the summer season the mountain resorts are crowded with tourists, who spend several months in these delightful places. For the well-to-do home-seeker Placer County offers every inducement. Its varied climate gives him his choice of climatic surroundings, and as agriculture can be promoted in any portion of it, and orchard trees can be found high up in the Sierras, where the finest specimens of apples and pears are grown, those inclined to husbandry can find suitable location in almost any part of the county. The principal cities of Placer County are Auburn, the county seat, with a population of 2,500; Lincoln, where the great terra cotta works of Glad- ding, McBean & Co. are located; Roseville, the junction of the Southern Pacific and Oregon railroads, is also a growing place. Large railroad shops are being established, and it will also be made a freight terminal. It is estimated that the railroad alone will have at least 1 ,500 employees at this point. A large amount of the land has been subdivided, and has found a ready market, and many cottages and homes are being built. Rocklin is also a flourishing railroad center, and has a large granite industry, which will be an important point for building material used In the rebuilding of San Francisco. Loomis, Penryn, and Newcastle are the three principal shipping points for fruit, the latter sending out over a trainload a day. Colfax, a junction point for stage and railroad lines, is also growing in fruit importance, grapes, apples, and pears being grown in this vicinity with marked success. Placer is on the eve of a new era, hundreds of enterprises being in con- templation and already under way. Monterey County CHARLES R. MELANDER Temporary Secretary Salinas City Board of Trade RIGHT in the midst of this "Garden of the World," in its most favored spot, is located Monterey County, with an area of 3,600 square miles, or 2,304,000 acres of land. There is a great variety of soil, climate, and productions, owing to the peculiar manner in which the county is diversified by mountains, hills, and valleys. It is nat- urally divided into four sections, viz.: The Santa Lucia Mountains on the west, the Salinas Valley in the central portion, the Gabilan Mountains, with the smaller valleys inclosed by them on the east, and the Pajaro Valley on the north. In the Santa Lucia Range can be procured mountain homes sheltered from winds, possessing a delightful climate and peculiar advantages for the production of all temperate and semi-tropical fruits. Higher up on the mountains are stock ranges with excellent feed. Wood is everywhere abun- dant. In this range are gold, coal, and limestone, the latter of the best quality and abundant in quantity. In this range are located the famous Tassajara and Paraiso Hot Springs, known the w'orld over for their wonder- ful medicinal and healing qualities. Game of every description abounds, from quail to grizzly. The Gabilan Mountains in their climate and adaptability closely resem- ble the Santa Lucia. They contain immense deposits of limestone and quantities of quicksilver. Nestled in between the spurs of these mountains are many beautiful little valleys which possess a good soil, delightful climate, and are especially adapted to semi-tropical fruits. The great Salinas Valley, the heart of Monterey County, opens at one extremity to receive the refreshing zephyrs which glide over Monterey Bay. This great plain extends for more than a hundred miles to the south, with its diversified width of from six to eighteen miles. It embodies within its area over 1,000 square miles of the finest soil that may be found upon God's earth, and through its center runs the waters of the Salinas River, the fourth largest river in the State. In the course of ages this stream has shifted from one side of this vast plain to the other, leaving behind those qualities of the soil which are characteristic of the great valley of the Nile. At the same time, it divides the lands into three distinct classes— the rich heavy bottom lands, which will grow anything from an orange to the most common of cereals; the table-lands, which will grow almost anything, especially wheat and barley; and the upland, which is especially adapted for the cultivation of wheat, rye, oats, and barley. It is these qualities of the soil, together with the prolonged Indian summers which reign here, that have made Salinas Valley the mainstay of Monterey County and one of the principal commercial factors of the State of California. Imagine 64,000 acres of land capable of yielding from twenty-five to thirty bushels of grain to the acre! The following figures are actual returns for Monterey County products for the year 1906 and can be verified, showing only a part of the income of the county: 85,000 tons barley at $1 8.00 per ton $1 ,530,000.00 215,000 tons sugar beets at $5.00 per ton 1,075,000.00 40,000 tons wheat and oats at $23.00 per ton 920,000.00 1 5,000 tons potatoes at $24.00 per ton 360,000.00 25,000 head of beef cattle at an average of $25.00 per head 625,000.00 1 ,200 cars of apples at $500.00 per car 600,000.00 $5,110,000.00 In addition to the above, dairying is a very prominent, if not a leading, industry of the county. It is no exaggeration to say that some of the finest dairies of the State are located in Monterey County. Milking-machines are now being installed in two of our largest dairies, and the successful operation of these machines will in the near future induce the starting of additional dairies. We also produce beans in a limited way. About 500 tons were shipped from the county in 1906, and the only reason that a greater area is not planted is because the sugar-beet is a more profitable crop and the land that will produce one will raise the other. The apple orchard is rapidly coming to the fore as our leading industry, and, like the orange of other counties, there is no limit to the demand. The markets of the world demand the "Paparo Bellefleur," and this season the shipments to London, England, were greater by fifty per cent than in any preceding year. The two varieties in which we excel are the Bellefleur and the Newtown Pippin. Last year the California Homeseekers' Investment Company located a colony of some 300 people at Greenfield, in the center of Monterey County. Each colonist was assigned from twenty to forty acres, and though now only established a little over one year, they have made a phenomenal growth and are both prosperous and contented. In conclusion, we desire to say that Monterey County offers the home- seeker a greater diversity of products profitably produced, better climate, and cheaper land than can be found in any other portion of the State. 10 Glenn County p. D. BANS Vice-President Glenn County Chamber of Commerce GLENN COUNTY, originally the northern portion of Colusa County, was created in 1890, Colusa being at that time the banner wheat- producing county of the State. Glenn is well located, lying between the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range mountains, with the waters of the Sacramento River on one side and the waters of Stony Creek on the other. The irrigation possibilities and the fertility of the soil bespeak for her a great future. Though a new county, Glenn accepts no back seat even at this time. Her population is 6,000, and the assessed valuation in 1906 of both real and personal property amounted to $11,000,000. Glenn County contains 1,370 square miles, and is 150 miles north of San Francisco. The climatic conditions are such that diversified farm- ing can nowhere be surpassed, and in very few places equaled. Fruits of all kinds, both citrus and deciduous, do well. Grapes, olives,. almonds, and English walnuts thrive. Alfalfa-growing is attracting considerable atten- tion, and is considered one of the chief products. Stock of all kinds is being raised, and the stockmen are doing well financially. The mountains furnish an immense amount of feed, and several good-paying creameries are in operation. In southern Glenn much rejoicing has been occasioned over the passage of the Central Canal Company's Irrigation Bill, which passed through Congress during the last session, allowing water to be diverted from the Sacramento River. The passage of this bill enables the promoters of this company to proceed safely and intelligently with their mammoth irriga- tion scheme. From this canal 150,000 acres of fine land will come under irrigation. The company expects to be in a position to furnish water by next spring. This means wealth to those whose lands will come under the system. The outlook is very favorable for the locating of a sawmill in the mountains west of Willows, which will be of great and lasting good to our people. In the northeastern portion of the county a mammoth beet-sugar factory has been constructed this year at a cost of $1,500,000. This factory is well equipped with the latest improved machinery, and presents a beautiful appearance. The company owns 10,000 acres of fine land along the Sacramento River. The town of Hamilton has been laid out here and wonderful strides In the way of improvements accomplished. A modern hotel has just been completed at a cost of $30,000, and new homes in town and for miles distant have gone up recently. Fine streets and sidewalks are evidenced. A beautiful park has been laid out. The town and factory are lighted by electricity. A fine irrigation system has been adopted and water-power propels the machinery. The season's run on beets has just been completed with very satis- factory results. There were 3,000 acres planted to beets this year. Next year they contemplate planting 8,000. The sugar is of a high grade, and is now being handled by merchants in different parts of the valley. In northern Glenn, at Orland, the people have awakened to the pos- sibility of interesting the Government in their behalf as regards irrigation. A Water-Users' Association has been organized and incorporated. An appli- cation by the association was regularly filed with the Secretary of the Interior in April. Since then Government soil experts have been here testing the soils. Government engineers and surveyors have been at work several months on the proposed project, looking into the feasibility and practica- 11 bility of the undertaking. Estimates as to cost have been made. High Government officials have been here recently to look into the project, and all seem well pleased with it. A report on the proposed project has been drawn up by the engineers and forwarded to Washington, D. C, for approval. The people are expecting to hear from the report at any time. Much interest has been manifested, and landowners are now signifying their willingness to enter into the proposed system by signing articles of incor- poration. Even those who do not wish to enter into the proposition in most part have agreed to sell their lands, and will not in any way block the project. Should the Secretary of the Interior approve of the project — and we have good and sufficient reasons to believe he will— there will be a decided change for the better throughout the county. In 1902, Dr. J. D. Edmunson (then a citizen of Orland) was awarded a first-grade certificate by the California Fruit Growers' Convention for the best display of navel oranges, lemons, and pomelos. In 1904, the citrus- growers of Orland were awarded a bronze medal by the St. Louis Exposi- tion. In 1904, P. D. Bane, of Orland, received the order for choice almonds with which to construct a nut elephant at the World's Fair. Several years ago a Portuguese near Orland took first premium for the best display of grapes. Glenn County has thousands of acres of the choicest land, good schools and churches, fine roads, and surveys are now being made for more steam and electric railways. With irrigation in sight, there are sure to be even more marvelous results. Alpine County ALPINE, one of the mountain counties, has an area of 575 square miles, or 368,000 acres. Its principal industries are mining and lumbering. While it has but a small population, its cultivated lands will reach 10,000 acres. The county is a succession of mountain ranges, with high and precipitous peaks. Silver Mountain is one of the highest peaks, having an altitude of 10,000 feet. There are numer- ous small lakes, the waters of which are clear and cold; many of them contain mountain trout. The county is bountifully supplied with brooks, creeks, rivulets, and rivers. The Carson River heads in the southern part and flows from south to north through the county. Among the mountains are numerous valleys. The largest and most noted are Diamond, Hermit, Pleasant, Hope, Faith, and Charity. The valleys are inhabited only during the summer, and then by stockraisers and dairymen. The dairy interest in these valleys is of considerable importance. The nutritious bunch grass, which grows so luxuriantly in these mountainous regions, is of excellent quality, and stock fattens rapidly upon it. The entire western section is a wild mountainous region, whose grandeur of scenery vies with the Alpine regions of Europe. From Novem- ber until late in June the region is wrapped in a mantle of snow, varying in depth from two to fifty feet; during the remainder of the year it forms a vast mountain pasture for thousands of sheep and cattle that are driven there from the lowlands of the State to feed during the summer and fall. The greater part of the surface of this mountainous region, as well as the lower and eastern section, is covered with forests of heavy and valuable timber. All the coniferous trees common to the western slope grow to a large size on the mountainsides. In the northeastern part farming is carried on to a considerable extent. In the elevated valleys, among the mountains, summer dairying is an Important industry. Carson Valley, extending into the northern part of the county, contains some of the most productive and valuable agricultural lands in the State. 12 r The many beautiful lakes high up among the mountains are favorite summer resorts. The Blue Lakes, especially, are a famous rendezvous for summer pleasure-seekers. In many parts of the county are mineral springs, both hot and cold. In the valleys the soil is a heavy alluvium, rich and fertile and yielding bountiful crops where cultivated. Some very excellent apples, pears, and small fruits are produced. Markleeville, the county seat, is located on the west bank of Carson River, and is reached by stage via Carson City. There are at least sixty irrigation ditches in operation. The mining industry, so long dormant, is giving promise of large results. San Luis Obispo County REGINALD W. NUTTALL OWING to the long delay in completing the Southern Pacific or Coast Line of railway San Luis Obispo County has not been developed in common with other parts of the State, and for this reason many of its resources are comparatively unknown. Its chief minerals are oil, bitumen, asphalt, chrome, manganese ores of great purity, as well as deposits of marble, onyx, gypsum, and other minerals and clays of superior quality. Agricultural products consist of wheat, barley, oats, beans, sugar beet and every variety of root crop and deciduous fruits. Its chalk rock formations and climate are unexcelled for the production of grapes and the manufacture of choice wines. The coast line of hills and valleys is famous for dairying and raising of horses, cattle, and hogs. The sage-covered hills and canyons of many parts of the interior are valuable for bee raising and the production of first- class honey. Large annual appropriations by the Government for the improvement of Port Harford will influence the building of a railway from the interior, as this is the only place south of San Francisco where the Coast Range is cut in two by a river running east and west, making it available for such an object. It would also connect two transcontinental lines and promote settlement and development of northern Santa Barbara and eastern San Luis Obispo counties. San Luis Obispo County, which is equi-distant between San Francisco and Los Angeles, has an unrivalled ocean beach, good for driving and bathing, for a distance of sixteen miles, numerous hot springs and beautiful resorts, only requiring capital to rival anything in the State. The oil measures of this county, as yet but partially demonstrated, are extensive in area and can be traced by the lines of upheavals lying between metamorphic contacts, generally trending in a northwesterly and southeasterly direction. So many different theories have been formulated regarding the origin of oil that it is unnecessary for me to add to the num- ber by a disquisition on the subject more or less unintelligible to the ordinary reader. The oil-field area of California is extensive in character and possessed of wonderful possibilities, especially those sections bordering on the ocean, which are not subjected to costly transportation of products. The greater part of the coast line of our country is owned by Swiss and Portuguese, who from their knowledge of the soil and its adaptation to special purposes have brought the land up to a high standard of value. Within the past three years great advancement has been made in devel- opment. Port Harford has become the oil center of the State, and no less than eight or nine wells are being drilled at different points within a few miles of San Luis Obispo. A refinery is being erected by English and American capital. IS THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JENNINGS, Chairmam FRKDKRICK TIL.LMANN, JR., Treasurer . President TillmaaB & Bendel JAMES K. ARMSBY President Tlie J. K. Armsby Company GEORGE A. BATCHEL.DER Vice-President E. H. Rollins & Sons WILlrlARI J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Corporation HERBERT FL.EISHHACKER A. Pleislibaclier & Company WILLIAM L. GERSTLE Secretary aud Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R, B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W. HELLMAN, JR. Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco HERBERT E. LAW Capitalist P. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Building: Trades Council of California WILLIAM H. METSON Campbell, Metson & Drew JOHN MARTIN President John Martin & Company W^ILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navigation Company W^. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Savings Bank JAMES ROLPH, JR Hind, Rolph & Company LOUIS ROSENFELD Jolin Rosenf eld's Sons A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels & Brothers Company ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobin & Tobin DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company. ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman J. N. GILLETT Governor of California BENJAMIN IDE W^HEELER President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. Unlveraity LUTHER B URB ANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Diego Counties South of Tehachapl MARSHALL DIGOS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Countlea C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties D. C. WILI>IAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK. Mountain View Central Coast Counties ELIAS SaUIRES. Gibsohville Sierra Counties LEWIS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist ELLW^OOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passenger Traffic Manager Southern Paciflc Company W^. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager Atchison, Topeka aad Santa Fe Kail-way W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western Paciflc Railway E. W^. GILLETT General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company R. X. RYAN General Passenger Agent California Northwestern Railway and North Shore Railroad S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNANN General Passenger Agent Paciflc Coast Steamship Company FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM. L. GERSTLE, Chairman I. W^. HELLMAN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDBR FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. JOHN MARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE RECEPTION COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman W^ILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman JAMES K. ARMSBY HERBERT E. LAW^ WILLIAM MATSON LOUIS ROSENFELD W^. S. PORTER HERBERT FLEISHHACKER JAMES ROLPH, JR. P. H. MCCARTHY SAN FRANCISCO AFFAIRS COMMITTEE JAMES D. PHELAN, Chairman EUGENE E. SCHMITZ Mayor of San Francisco CHARLES H. BENTLEY The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco GEORGE W. McNEAR The Merchants' Exchange CHARLES F. RUN YON Board of Trade of San Francisco ROBERT H. SWAYNE Merchants' Association of San Francisco FRANK L. BROW^N Manufacturers' and Producers' Association of California PERCY T. MORGAN The Paciflc Commercial Museum HERBERT E. LAW Association for the Improvement and Adornment of Saa Francisco J. R. HOWELL The San Francisco Real Estate Board O. A. TVEITMOE San F'ranciseo Building Trades Council THOMAS MAGEE, JR. Harbor Committee MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE COUNTIES COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, WILLIAM H. METSON and representative of all com- DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON mercial organizations of each of tlie fifty-seven counties in Cali- fornia. Affiliated -with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one commercial organizations through- out California -with a membership of more than thirty thousand. BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY [The California Promotion Committee JANUARY 31, 1907 HE first month in the new year has been one of progress in California and reports received by THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE show that all parts of the State are feeling the inliuence of improved conditions. ere is continued shortage of laborers in many lines, all over the te, and this is especially noticeable in ordinary laborers in the rabering industry, and in female help as operatives in mills and 'aetories. Store help, telephone operators and domestics are in normous demand. Office men, clerks and bookkeepers are called r in all parts of California. Conditions in San Francisco, so far as building operations d commerce are concerned, are eminently satisfactory. More an $39,000,000 expenditure is called for by the 7,734 building rmits that have been issued since the fire. It is estimated by rchitects and contractors that fully $100,000,000 will be expended h buildings during the coming year. One hundred and fifty build- ngs are now being erected or have been completed and occupied tince the fire that are between five and twenty-two stories in height, md the total number of permanent buildings erected or in course of sonstruction is more than seven thousand. California's hop and raisin crops have been exhausted at the largest prices paid in many years, and it is estimated that the range crop will amount to thirty thousand car loads, which bring |op prices in the Eastern market. The following summary shows San Francisco 's condition : January building permits issued, 787. Value, $6,822,000. Total building permits since the fire, 7,734. Value, $39,621,865. January permits for permanent buildings, 540. Total permits for permanent buildings since the fire, 3,629. January real estate transfers, 770, Value, $4,000,000. January postal receipts, $149,392.69. January customs receipts, $752,253.31. Jan., '06, $606,734.02. Jan. bank clearings, $199,352,126.14. Jan., '06, $180,177,198.67. Los Angeles bank clearings, $55,746,930.24. Same, 1906, $41,641,388.25. Oakland bank clearings, $15,279,703.73. San Jose bank clearings, $3,387,844.88. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA ON APPLICATION. 6a4-R C M— 1-31-07 — C.E. XX. ^^ FEBRUARY Vol. IV. No. 3. 1907 10 Cents. $1.00 A Year COUNTIES NUMBER No. FIVE FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: A PICTURESQUE COUNTRY ROAD IN MARIN COUNTY EDITORUL KERN COUNH A. W. MacIAE MENDOCINO COUNTY PRESLEY I. LANCASTER VENTURA COUNTY EL DORADO COUNTY TRINITY COUNTY JAMES W. BARTLEH KINGS COUNTY CONTRA COSTA COUNTY MARIN COUNTY THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMIHEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement ; encouragement." — Centuiy Dictionaiy. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- tnoting of California as a whole. t has nothing to sell. ts energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. t gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. t gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. t is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. t presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one com- mercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBLICATION F*R TflOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE" or - \\K\ ...■ . • J^ / » COUNTIES NUMBER No. FIVE FEBRUARY, 190T Vol. IV, No. 3 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE CAUFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO Editorial HE fifth Counties Number of FOR CALIFORNIA contains a descrip- tion of eight more counties of California. The series was begun in October, the object being to give a complete resume of the con- ■ ^ ditions and advantages in every part of California. Experts well acquainted with the various counties have contributed these articles, which contain a wealth of timely and valuable information that can be relied upon as absolutely accurate. In the February number the counties described range from Mendocino on the north to Ventura on the south, and from El Dorado on the east to Marin on the west, and the diversity of products, climate, and industries set forth, illustrated again the remark- able assets which this State possesses, and the variety of valuable oppor- tunities and advantages it has to offer to the home-seeker, the capitalist, and the tourist. Kern County, which has come to be known the world over for its rich oil fields, is described by A. W. MacRae, Secretary of the Bakersfield Board of Trade. He points out the fact that there are almost 2,000,000 acres of good land tributary to Bakersfield which is still undeveloped and would support a population of several hundred thousand. Some interesting fig- ures are given showing the agricultural, horticultural, and mineral wealth of his county. Presley I. Lancaster, President of the Willits Chamber of Commerce, predicts a big boom for Mendocino County during the coming year. With the completion of the railroad link between Willits and Eureka, he says the northern part of the county will become a mine of wealth for the investor, the home-seeker, and the business man, and afford the thriving little towns and mills their long-desired all-rail connections with the lumber markets of the interior. The valleys, he says, are peopled with an easy- going, satisfied class, who enjoy their large holdings and easy prosperity, and make no effort to make known their fortunate surroundings, although they have an open heart for the new-comer. Ventura County, sometimes called the "Bean County," is described by a staff writer, who tells of the large sugar-plant at Oxnard, the oil fields near Santa Paula, the county's fruit crop, stock ranges, and beautiful val- leys, notably the Ojai, which is dotted with pretentious country homes of Eastern people who spend their winters there. An interesting article deals with El Dorado County, within whose boundaries is located Lake Tahoe, one of the most picturesque sheets of water in the world. Valuable information is given of its fruit-raising, lum- bering, stock-raising, dairying, poultry-raising, slate-quarrying, and summer resorts. The mining industry of Trinity County forms the main theme of James W. Bartlett's summary of Trinity County's resources. He tells of the great activities that exist in this mining section, the improvements of the past year, and the wealth that has been contributed during the past. He also declares that there are large bodies of unworked land along the river bars and beds which would yield highly profitable returns to judicious instal- lations of necessary machinery. Kings County is another county which has much to offer to the new- comer. It is one of the best natural irrigated counties In the State and is pre-eminently the desirable home for the agriculturist. There is plenty of good land to be had in Kings County at reasonable figures, and the demand for labor is so great that the settler with limited capital will expe- rience no difficulty in getting a fair start. Contra Costa County, which stands second in the State in the value of manufactured products, is described by a staff writer. Much space is given to the varied products of the county and to Point Richmond, where is located the western terminus of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, and the works of the Pacific Coast Oil Company, both of which give employment to over a thousand men. Marin County, known for its picturesque country homes and dairying industry, is also attractively set forth. This county has been the seat of much railroad-building during the past year, and the writer shows how this is going to help in the development of its resources. Altogether, the February number of FOR CALIFORNIA will be found exceedingly interesting, and will answer admirably the many questions which are constantly coming from Eastern and foreign friends who are anxious to learn the truth about our topography, our resources, and our climate. With the next number (March) of FOR CALIFORNIA, this series of Counties Numbers will be concluded. If there are any back numbers which you have failed to secure, it might be well to get them at once before they are entirely exhausted, so that the six numbers may be bound together, or kept on file for reference in your office or home. Kern County A. W. MACRAE Secretary Bakersfield Board ot Trade KERN COUNTY is known throughout California as the "Crown of the San Joaquin Valley," on account of the thousands of acres of magnificent delta land in the Kern River section which are noted for their excellent productive qualities. The county contains 8,159 square miles, or 5,221,765 acres, of which 2,793,605 acres have an assessed valuation of almost $30,000,000. As an agricultural district, Kern County is unsurpassed. Alfalfa, barley, oats, wheat, corn, and such products grow luxuriantly. The fruit industry of this county is of great importance, and all kinds of deciduous and citrus fruits are grown here profitably. The advantages of this county's products are many, the principal one being the early maturity of fruits and other commodities grown here, which are some six weeks ahead of most other sections of the State, and command, for this reason, fancy prices, — which means an annual revenue to the farmers, ranchers, and fruit-growers of the county of many thousands of dollars. The county of Kern, with its vast area of tillable soil, a mere fraction of which is as yet under cultivation, lies in the most desirable section of the great San Joaquin Valley. It is bordered on three sides by heavily timbered mountains, which add to the temper of the climate both winter and summer, and from these lofty peaks comes the water which furnishes the necessary supply for irrigation of the fertile valley lands. The county is crossed by two transcontinental railroads, the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific, and affords advantages for home-seekers and colonists unexcelled in California. It has the largest and perhaps most complete irrigation sys- tem in the country; one of the richest gold mines in California, and is the center of three of the greatest oil fields in the world. The thermal belt of Kern County is one of great future importance, being many miles in length, and there are thousands of acres suitable for the production of citrus fruits which are still uncultivated and which can be purchased at very low figures. Water can be had here In abundance from streams and springs for the irrigation of these orange lands through pumping, and the use of crude oil for fuel makes the cost of operating a pumping-plant very reasonable. Already a number of prolific citrus-fruit orchards are producing abundant crops in this county, and negotiations are now under way with several large syndicates to establish citrus groves here. This means increased revenues for the industrious people of Kern County. As a Mecca for home-seekers, colonists, and investors, this county offers unsurpassed advantages in water conditions, quality of soil, and cheapness of lands; with ready markets for all products grown at prices [that net splendid profits to the producer. Land prices in fact are exceed- ingly reasonable, ranging from $25 to $100 an acre, the price varying according to location and improvements. Plans are being completed for [the placing of several large tracts on the market for colonization purposes [which will be subdivided into farms of almost any desired acreage and sold at low rates and on easy terms to home-seekers. There are almost 2,000,000 acres of good land tributary to Bakers- field, and if not more than a third or half of it were brought under cultiva- tion it would support a population of several hundred thousand, and the [time is coming when this county will be thickly populated with an indus- ftrious people from all parts of the world. The resources of Kern County |are becoming better known to the agricultural and home-seeking people [of the world every year, and many inquiries are being received for Informa- ttion about land from prospective settlers. These people have heard of the enormous volume of water which flows down the mountains into Kern River, and they know this water Insures plenty of irrigation advantages, and that a [Splendid irrigation system conveys this water over a great area of splendid 'agricultural lands. In this system there are about 300 miles of main and 1,500 miles of lateral canals, and, when properly distributed, water suf- ficient to irrigate about 200,000 acres; more water can be developed at ; comparatively small cost when needed. This makes Kern County an ideal [country for alfalfa and dairying, where the alfalfa crop yields from four (to six crops each year, and grows continually, without reseeding for ten or fifteen years. Alfalfa here will maintain two cows to the acre. The climate is pleasant and mild, and the stock can remain outdoors all the time, suffering not from heat or cold, and through breeding at the right season the cows will be made to produce plenty of milk at the best season of the year, when good prices are commanded for butter. An industry which has made the wonderful county of Kern noted 'throughout the civilized world is oil production. In addition to the mag- nificent agricultural and fruit-raising possibilities, the oil business has made ^many men rich in this part of California. Oil has been produced in this [county for about twenty years, but it was not until the Important discov- lerles were made In 1899, when the Kern River field was discovered that fthe industry became of great importance. To-day the monthly production [of the Kern River, McKlttrick, and Sunset fields are approximately 5,000 [carloads of 250 barrels each. The oil of the Kern County fields Is used by [the great transcontinental railroads for fuel and the large power-plant con- sumers of San Francisco, Los Angeles, and the manufacturing sections of [the great West. Oil land ranges in value from $250 to $300 an acre, and Jmany acres of this valuable land are leased for from ten to twenty years, fthe lessee paying one eighth to one third of the gross output as rental for fthe privilege of extracting oil. In Kern County are located a number of refineries for the treatment [of oil, reducing it to distillate, asphaltum, and other by-products, including [asphaltum for street-paving. It will not be long before the annual production of petroleum in this [county will have reached the million-dollar mark; for, while the presence rof oil and asphalt deposits in the county has long been known, it is only jwithin recent years that mining for these products has been carried on [extensively. The prosperity which the oil business brings is of a substantial mature and permanent. The wells are owned mostly by Californians, and [much of the oil property is owned by Kern County people. The fortunes (that have already been made in the oil Industry are astonishing, and yet [It is merely the beginning. On the other hand, the fact must be recorded .that many people of small means are also making Investments in the oil fields, and, where they get in right, will make good interest on their invest- ments. The presence of cheap fuel means additional interest in manu- facturing and adds to the prestige of Kern County and Bakersfield. As a mineral-producing section of California, Kern County ranks high, being fifth among the counties of the State, and with the rapid growth of the petroleum development has advanced on the list to the first place. The famous Randsburg District of gold mines lies just on the border of this county. Gold mines of considerable value are found at Garlock and other points in the county. Kern alone, of all the counties in California, produces antimony, has vast fields of gypsum, silver, mica, lead, asbestos, soapstone, iron, copper, sulphur, borax, limestone, tungsten, magnesite, alabaster, and molybdenum. One of the most interesting cities of all Southern California is Bakers- field, the county seat of the prosperous county of Kern. For many years Bakersfield has been the center of the agricultural and mineral districts of this part of the State, and to-day is a city of about 8,000 inhabitants, growing rapidly along commercial and development lines. The educational advantages of Bakersfield are unsurpassed anywhere in the State. The public and high schools are up to the standard, whether located in the mountain or valley district. High schools, public schools, and private educational institutions are here, and every advantage is offered the children to secure a splendid education. Mendocino County PRESLE3Y I. LANCASTER President Wllllts Chamber of Commerce MENDOCINO COUNTY is half as large as Massachusetts, and with agricultural, dairy, and timber riches so vast and untouched that comparisons are inadequate to measure their wealth. Its southern boundary lies eighty-five miles north of San Fran- cisco. Its coast-line of 120 miles possesses many sheltered shipping points, each of which has its large lumber-mill with prosperous town. Its northern boundary is lost in that last grand primeval forest of red- wood, into which from all directions that ruthless invader of paradise, the locomotive, is puffing its way. Mendocino County, with its million and a quarter acres, has the widest variety of climate, attractions, resources, and scenery. On the coast the climate is warm in winter, cool in summer. Twenty miles inland a warm belt extends through the entire length of the county. Throughout this belt fogs and frost are unknown, and the air, pure from ocean's laboratory, and spiced and tempered by the pine and the redwood, is the most perfect sanitarium God ever created. Each valley has a climate of its own, — Ukiah, mild enough to make the grape industry most profitable; Little Lake, under snow-clad San Hedrin, with its frosty winters and ideal summer days, is the home of the grains, the apple, and the potato; and Round Valley, a happy medium, equable and delightful always. Throughout this variety of climate are grown to perfection the fruits, cereals, and vegetables of the world. Lumber and tanbark are extensive industries and give the county a home market for agricultural and dairy products. Hops, wool, cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, goats, and poultry add their quota to its prosperity. Mendocino County offers exceptional opportunities for men of all classes. With the completion of the railroad link between Willits and Eureka, the northern part of this vast domain becomes a mine of wealth for the investor, the home-seeker, and the business man. Nowhere in the United States is there such a large area of undeveloped fertile land as is comprised in Round Valley, which is now to be tapped by the Southern Pacific extension to Eureka. Its location is particularly fortunate, for, with the great lumber industries around it, a home market for all its products is assured. Mendocino County is thus far merely an evolution. It has grown up unnoticed and without help from the outside. Its inhabitants have been dropping into it one by one during the past fifty years, and few who have entered have had any wish to depart. Thus the valleys are peopled with an easy-going, satisfied class, who enjoy their large holdings and their easy prosperity, and make no effort to make known abroad their fortunate sur- roundings; yet they have an open heart for the new-comer. No irrigation; no hot summers; man need add nothing to the produc- tiveness of the soil, nothing to the climate, or to the scenery, — all are per- fect,—just awaiting the tide of immigration to be appreciated and enjoyed. Trout in every stream; big game in the mountains; wonderful medicinal springs with their health-giving waters gurgling unappreciated to the ocean; good grammar schools in every settlement; high schools in all the towns; churches everywhere. Ukiah, the county seat, is a beautiful town 113 miles north of San Francisco. An ideal home life can be enjoyed here. Its population will double within the next five years. Willits, in the center of the county, is the proposed division on the Eureka extension, and her citizens call her "The Town of Destiny." Along the coast, Mendocino City and Fort Bragg are prosperous lumber towns with sheltered landings, affording them water transportation. But ten miles of railroad remain to be built to connect the coast towns with the Southern Pacific at Willits. This will be completed within the year and will afford these towns and mills their long-desired all-rail connection with the lumber markets of the interior. Destiny and the Harriman system call on Mendocino County to awake and prepare herself to receive the home-seekers of the world within her vast confines. For 1907 will witness great doings "North of the Bay," and confident, with the knowledge of her wealth and her charms, she calmly awaits the inspection of the investor, the home-seeker, and the tourist. Ventura County VENTURA COUNTY, which faces on Its south side, for its whole length of fifty miles, the wondrous Santa Barbara Channel, is among the smallest counties in the State. Embraced within her territory are 1,800 square miles, of which less than one fourth are under culti- vation. The balance is mountainous and is given up to grazing. The valleys of the county are watered by the Santa Clara and Ven- tura rivers and their numerous tributaries. The Santa Clara River extends from the northeast to the southwest across the county, and through a fertile and productive valley known as the Santa Clara Valley. The Ventura River extends from north to south through the western portion of the county and empties into the Pacific Ocean just west of the town of Ventura, from which river the town is supplied with water. These streams have an abundance of trout, and are excellent for fishing. Another important valley is the Ojai, a great amphitheater, whose walls are mountains rising like citadels. This basin has the appearance of a nest, is well timbered, and has a very rich, productive soil. Other large valleys are the Conejo, admirably adapted to the raising of wheat, oats, barley, and other crops; the Simi, where large wheat fields are seen, and prunes, apricots, and other fruits are successfully grown. In this valley are artesian wells for irrigation. The Las Posas is another valley devoted to the raising of small grains, fruits, and beans. The Sespe, lying along each side of the Santa Clara River, is another ideal spot for the growth of the orange, lemon, apricot, walnut, and other fruits. An abun- dance of water is secured from the rivers and creeks for irrigation. The San Buenaventura Valley, locally mentioned as the avenue, on account of the beautiful drive, is dotted on each side by pleasant, well-kept homes, where busy merchants devote a few hours of the day to growing small orchards, and gardens, and raising chickens, for recreation. The productions of Ventura County are varied. It is sometimes called "The Bean County," of California. It does grow beans — and all kinds of beans. The most important variety is the Lima bean, known in Eastern gardens as the butter-bean. Whole farms are devoted to the raising of these beans, and up to last year the county boasted the largest Lima-bean ranch in the world. Recently it was divided, and now half a dozen men are raising beans on its 1,600 acres. Some idea of the immense amount of Lima beans raised in Ventura County may be had when it is stated that last season 65,000 acres were planted to Limas, and 25,000 acres to other varieties of beans. Over a million and a half was realized from this crop. Six years ago there sprung up a new industry In Ventura County. At that time much of its rich bean and barley lands were diverted to the raising of sugar-beets. This was brought about by the establishment of a million-dollar sugar plant by the American Beet Sugar Company, of which the Oxnards are the head. About the big plant sprang up the town of Oxnard, now a bustling little city of more than 2,000 people. The factory employs many hundred men during the sugar season, which usually begins in July, running well along into November, the factory meantime being run night and day. Another rich crop is that of walnuts, or what are known as English walnuts. That the grower has faith in walnuts is evidenced by the assessor's books, which show that there are 16,000 non-bearing, or young, trees in the county. There are also 18,000 bearing almond trees, although no special attention has been paid to this nut in the past. In the raising of fruits, apricots take the lead, there being 223,000 bearing trees in the county, and 25,000 non-bearing. Prunes, peaches, and apples are also produced in large quantities. Generally speaking, however, the fruits undergo the drying process before being marketed. The sun does the work of drying after the orchardist has gathered and cut his fruit and spread it on trays. It is of record that there are 92,000 bearing orange trees in the county and some 16,000 new trees have recently been put out. The lemon trees bearing number 67,000, and the olive trees 35,000. Small fruits, berries, and vegetables of all kinds grow freely and attain to the very best in size, quality, and quantity. The bee is also at home here, the output of honey being more than 250 tons each year. Ventura has within its borders many fine stock ranges and each year over ten thousand head of range cattle are carried through upon the wild grasses which grow abundantly in the mountain districts. There are also a few sheep in the county, but not so many as in the old Spanish days, when the country was largely given over to stock. One of the oldest industries of Ventura is that of oil, which was first sought in California in this county. The best oil fields are located in the northeast section, with Santa Paula as the center of the industry. From Santa Paula pipe-lines convey the oil to the seaboard at San Buenaventura, a distance of 16 miles. From there it is carried in tank steamers to San Francisco for refining and to Honolulu, where it is used in the furnaces of the sugar refineries. The annual output of oil from the county exceeds a half million barrels. Ventura County has two seaports, San Buenaventura, and Hueneme, at which ships touch regularly two or three times each week, giving her connection with Los Angeles and way ports on the south and with San Francisco and way ports on the north. The lines of the Southern Pacific Company link the county from end to end. The principal town of the county is the county seat, San Buenaventura, also called Ventura. It contains some 3,000 people, and is a thriving little city, modem in every particular, and a delightful place of residence. It Is backed by picturesque hills, while the Pacific Ocean in front spreads its pretty beach before the town for miles. Oxnard, on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, which is but three miles from its seaport, Hueneme; Santa Paula, with a population of 1,500 people, which boasts of the largest lemon grove in this State, in its immediate vicinity; Nordhoff, which received its name from Charles Nordhoff, the well-known writer, who may be said to have been the discoverer of Ojai as a health resort; and Saticoy, in the heart of the great Santa Clara Valley, the main farming section. Other villages are Camarillo, Somis, Moorpark, and Simi, all in a rich section which the new line of road running to Los Angeles has opened up. El Dorado County « T HE Old Empire County," El Dorado County, is situated about mid- way in the eastern tier of counties, and enjoys the distinction of having included within its boundaries the world-famous resort, Lake Tahoe. It is a county of hills and valleys, extending from the low foothills in the west to the summit of the Sierras in the east. There are no broad tracts of prairie land, nor great plateaus. The soil is fertile, and supports a large variety of agricultural and horticultural products. Large forests of the finest sugar and yellow pine, fir, and spruce cover the mountains. Fruit-raising, lumbering, stock-raising, dairying, poultry-raising, bee culture, farming, slate-quarrying, mining for base and precious metals, and the manufacture of wines and brandy are among the industries. Fruit-growing is one of the oldest industries, and as it has been sys- tematized during late years, promises to be of more importance in the future. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, prunes, and grapes are grown, and owing to their superior flavor and splendid shipping qualities find a ready market in the East. With the climate, soil, and irrigating facilities, this industry will become one of El Dorado's best. The water supply is sufficient for all needs. There are several ditch systems that bring water from the snows of the Sierras. Besides these there are many systems that distribute water to all parts of the county. The Sacramento and Placerville Railroad has been extended by the El Dorado Lumber Company to the new town of Camino, where there is located a box factory and the company's planing-mill, lumber-yards, and dry kiln. From this point the company's narrow-gauge road runs into the timber belt. The Calder and Diamond Railroad is a lumber road, and runs from Diamond Springs into the timber belt. It was at Coloma that James W. Marshall, in January, 1848, made his famous discovery of gold. Since then mining has been one of the leading of El Dorado's industries. Cinnabar and copper are found in several local- ities, and in several places prospects of the latter metal are being developed. Slate-quarrying is an important and rapidly growing industry. The manufacture of slate for rooiFing and other purposes is conducted on a large scale. The quarries at Slatington are being extended, as the capacity of the plant is not equal to the demand. The quality of the slate is equal to the best produced in the East. Limestone and marble of good quality are found, and a large quantity of lime is manufactured. The ranges of the mountains are ideal pastures, and thousands of cattle spend the summer there, migrating in the winter to the lower country till the snows of the high altitudes have melted and the feed started again. Dairymen go with their herds, and all summer the dairy products are sent •out of the hills. Placerville, the "Hangtown" of early days, is the county seat. It is on the western slope of the Sierra Nevadas, at an altitude of about 1,800 feet, and was, till a short time ago, the terminus of a branch of the Southern Pacific system. It has a good grammar school, and a new county high school. Religious denominations are well represented. Business and residence places are lighted by electricity from the American River Electric Power Company, whose plant is on the south fork of the American River, about four miles from town. There are a number of attractive summer resorts in the county that have their quota of pleasure-seekers every summer. Tourists and campers find the mountains an ideal place to spend their time. Trinity County JAMES W. BARTLETT Chairman Trinity County Development Association PROBABLY some research on the part of many an intelligent resident of California would be required before locating Trinity County on the map of the State. Nevertheless this old county of California, embracing an area of about three thousand square miles, organized in 1850, has contributed, it is estimated, one hundred millions of dollars of California's gold to the world, and to-day, in its mining, lumber- ing, grazing, dairying, and pleasure-seeking resources, offers opportunities that cannot be surpassed in any part of the State. With an average rainfall of forty-two inches, and mountains sufficiently high to retain the winter snowfall until late in summer, there is always an abundance of water for mining, agricultural, and power purposes, while a temperate climate enables work of every kind to be successfully and economically prosecuted throughout the entire year. For over fifty-six years mining has been, and still is, the main Industry. It has been chiefly prosecuted in the form of hydraulic and quartz mining, and those are still the leading branches under which the industry is con- ducted. Here is to be found the hydraulic giant tearing down the mountain- side without dread of Anti-Debris Association or restraining Injunction. Four miles from Weaverville the La Grange Company is conducting what is said to be the largest hydraulic mining operation in the world to-day, while at Union Hill, Dutton's Creek, Minersville, Hay Fork, Lower Trinity, Buckeye Mountain, and various other points bodies of gravel are rapidly being developed and equipped which give every indication of being as extensive as those which are being worked by the La Grange Company. During the present year plants of the latest improved patterns for quartz mining have been installed at the Bullychoop and Bonanza King mines, while at numerous points throughout the county new strikes, the development of former discoveries, the crushing and shipment of ores from its working quartz mines, in conjunction with the active mining of the various hydraulic mines, have given to the entire county one of the most prosperous years it has ever enjoyed. To either prospector or investor in the mining business Trinity offers Inducements which cannot be excelled in any other part of California. Its territory of mineral-bearing lands is so large that a great part of the same is as yet unlocated and but partially prospected, and every part of this mineral section is well watered, and has an abundance of timber and pasturage. A particularly favorable field is offered for elevator mining. Large bodies of land about which there is no uncertainty as to value lie unworked along the river bars and beds of streams, which would unques- tionably yield highly profitable returns to judicious installations of ma- chinery required to conduct this species of mining. i« Nor is gold the only mineral found in this section. At many points are indications of rich deposits of copper, cinnabar, platinum, coal, and asbestos. As yet but little attention has been paid to those minerals and their working on account of lack of adequate transportation facilities. Though mainly a mining county, there are numerous pieces of fertile agricultural lands in the various sections upon which are produced the hay and grain and fruit and vegetables used throughout the county. There is also a large acreage of good grazing lands furnishing pasturage for the greater portion of the year, and the various mining operations afford a good home market for all the productions of the farmer and stock-raiser. As a summer resort Trinity County offers attractions which cannot be excelled to those wishing to avoid for a time the bustle and turmoil of city life. There is an abundance of game in its mountains, of trout in its streams, and at several places mineral springs with waters of remarkable curative qualities. Post-offices and schools are scattered through the county, and good wagon-roads enable daily communication with the rail- road from all important points. Telephone lines extend to all principal places in the county. It is a section of happy homes owned in nearly every instance by their occupants and seldom found encumbered by mortgage or deed of trust. Rarely has its jail a tenant or its courts a criminal trial or divorce pro- ceeding. The county has neither millionaires, tramps, nor beggars, and its people are not worried with the difficult race problems which are con- fronting other portions of our country. Its people are unselfish and desire that more of their fellow-men should share in the rich natural resources of this portion of California. They are desirous and hopeful of soon having the iron horse and electric motor speeding through their territory, and trust that the coming legislature of the State will make an appropriation sufficient to complete the wagon- road connecting the Sacramento Valley with Humboldt Bay. This is a matter of moment not only to Trinity but to all the adjoining counties and to the State, and the people of Trinity appeal to their fellow Cali- fornians to make this wish a reality during the coming year. Kings County KINGS COUNTY, which was created from the western portion of Tulare County in 1893, has an area of 1,267 square miles, or 810,880 acres. It has a population of fully 14,000 people, or nearly double the number of inhabitants of tv/elve years ago. The assessed valuation of all property in Kings County is now $8,339,986. The bonded debt of the county is only $13,000. Kings County is a level plain, with the exception of the extreme south- western part, v/hich is hilly and mountainous. The soil of the county is very productive, and most of it is susceptible of irrigation, either through the irrigating-ditch systems that take water from Kings River, Cross Creek, or Tule River, or by means of artesian wells or pumping-plants operated by electric power or engines. The original settlers of Kings County were farming people from the Middle, Western, and Southern States, who came to California in emigrant wagons, entirely without capital. They selected these lands because they saw the soil was rich and deep, and that plenty of water was obtainable for irrigation. There was no great corporation ready to construct an irrigation system for them, so they went to work themselves with shovels and picks, and built their own canals and ditches. As a result, they own the water and have no interest to meet. The cost of maintenance is light, averaging under thirty cents per acre per year. The original poor settlers are now well-to-do, and thousands of others who have come since the 11 beginning, people of small means, or of no means at all, have earned places for themselves from which they now derive a steady, comfortable income. The soil of Kings County is alluvial in character, having been slowly washed down for countless centuries by the Kings River and the Kings River Slough, and deposited in the form of fine silt, on which vegetation sprang up and decayed and then was buried under the wash. It is sandy and porous in quality, which enables the horticulturist to practice a form of irrigation that is rarely used in other sections of the State. This is called irrigation by seepage. The chief export products of Kings County are grain (including wheat, barley and corn), alfalfa, livestock of all kinds, wool, raisins, prunes, peaches, apricots, pears, apples, table and wine grapes, dairy products, nectarines, cherries, figs, almonds, wine, canned goods, and vegetables. The present exportation of livestock amounts to over $850,000 per annum. This includes hogs, beef cattle, sheep, and horses. Poultry inter- ests are of considerable importance. Dairying is becoming a leading factor In agricultural wealth, and with the great advantages afforded for the abundant growth of alfalfa, combined with native grasses, the county is particularly adapted to the dairy industry. Land for dairying can be pur- chased here at from $25 to $50 per acre, and it is stated that forty acres of good land will support a dairy of forty cows with their calves, and horses enough to carry on the place. An acre of alfalfa, properly irrigated, will produce in one year from five to six tons of hay worth $5 per ton, and in addition thereto will pasture four head of cows for six months. Many of the irrigated peach orchards annually produce twelve tons per acre of green fruit; and prune, pear, and apricot, nectarine, plum, and almond orchards in like proportion. Hanford is the county seat and the chief center of trade. This city has a population of 4,800, and is steadily growing. It is one of the most prosperous towns in the State, and has electric lights and power, gas plant for ifuel and lights, ice factory, flour-mill, planing-mill, winery of large capacity, many fruit-packing houses, marble and granite works. The next city of importance in Kings County is Lemoore, nine miles west of Hanford. It is a thriving town of about 2,000 people, and is a business center of growing importance surrounded by a developing country which irrigation and tilth will make a beehive of industry. Corcoran, the new town located on the Santa Fe Railroad sixteen miles south of Hanford, is the center of the great developing country of the Tulare Lake region. Kings County is pre-eminently the desirable home for the agriculturist. Here the stock-raiser is in his element. The fields produce feed the year round for cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, and poultry. Alfalfa Is the chief forage plant, and produces four or five cuttings annually. The experienced farmer on irrigated land takes off a crop of wheat and barley and then irrigates the same and plants it to corn, and the average crop of corn is two tons to the acre and it sells readily at twenty dollars per ton. There is plenty of good land to be had in Kings County at reasonable figures, and the demand for labor is so continuous that the settler with limited capital, will experience no difficulty in getting a fair start. Contra Costa County CONTRA COSTA COUNTY is one of the central counties in California, the shore line being within fourteen miles of San Francisco. Its bound- aries are: On the north by the San Pablo and Suisun bays, the Straits of Carquinez, and the San Joaquin River; on the east by Old River, separating it from San Joaquin County; on the south by Alameda County; and on the west by San Francisco Bay, the county having seventy miles of water-front, nearly all of which is upon deep water, navigable by 13 all vessels engaged in commerce. Its superficial area is 734 square miles, or 444,491 acres. Over three fourths of this area is cultivated, the balance being used for grazing. The only mountain of any size in the county is Mt. Diablo, 3,896 feet in height, and is almost in the geographical center of the county. Contra Costa stands second in the State in the value of manufactured products, and no county offers better locations for factories. At Point Richmond, the western terminus of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, there is great activity. In 1901 the population consisted of five people; to-day there are upwards of 6,000. The works of the Pacific Coast Oil Company (Standard) are also located at Point Richmond, as is the great oil pipe-line running from Bakersfield. This pipe-line carried 10,000 barrels of oil in twenty-four hours. Six hundred men are employed by the company, and 500 at the work and repair shops of the Santa Fe. Here the oil is refined, and fifty-three different products are made from the crude oil. At Point Richmond is the belt railway running around the Potrero, the peninsula upon which Point Richmond is located, where there are miles of deep-water frontage and abundant room for warehouses and factory sites, thus affording transportation by rail as well as by water to all points. Products of the farm and factory can alike be loaded here on car or steamer. Already the Southern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe are here, and electric street railways connecting San Pablo and Point Richmond with Oakland and San Francisco are in operation. About two thirds of the area of the county is rolling and hilly, and lying between these hills are some of the most fertile and beautiful valleys in this great State. They are drained and watered by many streams, the banks of which are bordered by oaks, sycamores, laurels, willows, etc., while the hills are dotted with oaks, many of which are of large size. Fruits of all varieties, nuts, vegetables, and cereals are grown exten- sively. Irrigation is not required to insure crops. The abundant winter rainfall, the absence of the intense evaporating heat of the interior, and the moisture-laden breezes from the ocean furnish abundant moisture for all forms of vegetable life without recourse to irrigation. Wine-making has also become one of the most promising and profit- able industries of the county, the wine produced being of the highest order, and commanding ready sale at good prices. Stock-raising is a leading industry In Contra Costa County. The lowlands have been reclaimed for summer grazing, and the rolling hills are used in winter, creating conditions whereby a failure is impossible with proper management. The stock farms of the county have produced some of the world's most famous trotting and pacing horses, such as W. Wood, Agatata, Diablo, Lou Dillon, Cricket, W. W. Foote, and others too numerous to mention. It has become a regular form of treatment with many in the cities, when their horses become footsore and lame, to send them to such farms as the Dutard ranch, where, by simply turning them into the paddocks on grass, they soon become as well as ever. In addition to the raising of horses, much attention is given to blooded cattle and sheep and hogs, as the market for fine fatted stock is right at hand. Large dairies are conducted all over the county, but in the western end the product mostly shipped to the cities is milk, while in the central and eastern parts of the county butter is the main object. Here again low freight and express rates give unusual advantages. Every few miles along the entire coast line of the county there are small settlements of men whose business is fishing, and the town of Black Diamond is settled principally by people engaged in that industry. Such fish as salmon, striped bass, shad, carp, rock-cod, flounder, etc., are caught both for shipment and canning, a large fleet of small boats being engaged in this business. IS The principal cities are Martinez, the county seat, with about 1,500 inhabitants; Port Costa, the shipping point for the bulk of the grain raised in California; Pinole, where are located immense powder-works and large stockyards; Vallona, with its extensive lumber-yards, where ships from Oregon and Puget Sound discharge; and Crockett, noted for its flouring mills and agricultural works. Byron Hot Springs is also well known all over the Pacific Coast. Thousands of people from all parts of the world visit the springs every year for treatment, rest, pleasure, and recreation, and some wonderful cures have been effected by its waters. JVJARiN County JUST north from San Francisco, across the Golden Gate, lies Marin County, a peninsula of six hundred square miles, with its shore washed upon the West by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south and east by the waters of San Francisco Bay. Much of the surface of the county Is broken and hilly, but a considerable portion immedi- ately on the shore is composed of marsh and overflowed lands. The highest land is Mt. Tamalpais, which has an elevation of 2,608 feet. The principal industry of the county is dairying. More than 30,000 cows roam over the Marin County hills. However, of late years attention has been paid to fruit-growing. Some of the finest apples grown in the State are produced. On the dairy lands of the Novate ranch there are ten orchards. On every rented subdivision of this, and the Burdell ranch, are apple, pear, quince, fig, pomegranate, persimmon, apricot, peach, plum, and other fruit trees, the thrifty growth and large yield from which prove the superior adaptability of the soil and climate of this portion to fruit- growing. On the Novate ranch is one of the largest fruit orchards, includ- ing one of the oldest and most celebrated apple orchards, in the State. The De Long orchard was planted in 1857 and has been in continuous bearing from the beginning. Immense amounts of vegetables are shipped from the lowlands. The land is generally held in large tracts and rented for dairying pur- poses. The shipments of butter are enormous and the quality is first class. The shipment of cheese increased 33V:? per cent during the past year. Most of the large ranches are stocked by the owners, and divided into tracts, which are leased at annual rentals, according to the number of cows. Railroad building and development is noteworthy, especially the tunnel through White's Hill and the completion of the North Shore third-rail system. The Marin Terminal has a road on the outskirts of San Rafael which is partially completed. Operations will be started immediately and also on the Bay Counties projected road from Richardson's Bay to Napa and Lake counties. The road recently purchased 1,000 acres of marsh land fronting on Richardson's Bay, costing over a hundred thousand dol- lars, for shops. The Southern Pacific railroad passes through Marin County over the California Northwestern from Calistoga and Napa via Tiburon. San Rafael, with a population of 5,000, is the county seat. It has many fine buildings, public and private, elegant hotels, banks, fine churches, schools, electric lights, and a perfect sewerage system. It is noted for its beautiful residences and the Hotel Rafael, which is a favorite resort for invalids and tourists. Its climate is regarded as very favorable for those with pulmonary complaints. Belvedere, Sausalito, Mill Valley and San Anselmo are also favorite places of residence for San Francisco business men, possessing features similar to San Rafael. Novate is the center of the fruit district; Point Reyes, of the dairy interests. At San Quentin is located one of the two State prisons. 14 Publications of The California PromotionmCommittee SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Tree Planting In California. By William L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. SPECIAL NUMBERS FOR CALIFORNIA: Describing the Products and Resources of the Fifty-seven Counties of the State (Price 10 cents each). Counties Number, No. 1, October, 1906.— Stanislaus County, Merced County, Fresno County, Madera County, San Joaquin County, Santa Clara County, Humboldt County, Santa Barbara County, Los Angeles County, Lassen County. Counties Number, No. 2, November, 1906. — San Francisco County, Sacramento County, San Diego County, Alameda County, River- side County, Orange County, Shasta County, Tehama County, Colusa County. Counties Number, No. 3, December, 1906. — Santa Cruz County, Del Norte County, Sutter County, Yolo County, San Benito County, Lake County, Napa County, Inyo County, Modoc County. Counties Number, No. 4, January, 1907. — San Mateo County, Siskiyou County, Sonoma County, Placer County, Monterey County, Glenn County, Alpine County, San Luis Obispo County, Mono County. Counties Number, No. 5, February, 1907. — Kern County, Mendocino County, Ventura County, El Dorado County, Trinity County, Kings County, Contra Costa County, and Marin County. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (^Free). CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA. By Professor Alexander G. McAdie. Published by the United States Government. (Price 50 cents.) IS THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JBNNINGS, ChalnaaK ^ FRBDERICK TILiI.MANN, JR., Treasurer. President Tillmann & Bendel JAME:S K. ARMSBV President The J. K. Armsby Company GEORGK A. BATCHBIiDER Vice-President E. H. R*llina & Sons WILLIAM J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Corporation HKRBBRT FLEISHHACKER A. Flelslihacker & Company W^ILLIAM L. GERSTLE: Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R. B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. VV. HJBLLMAN, JR Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco HERBERT E. LAW Capitalist P. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Buildinc Trades Council of California WILLIAM H. METSOX Campbell, Metson & Drew JOHN MARTIN President John Martin A Company W^ILLIAM MATSON President Matson NaTlgration Company W^. S. PORTER Vice-President Asseelnted Oil Company JAMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Savlnes Banic JAMES ROLPH, JR Hind, Rolph & Company LOUIS ROSENFELD John Rosenfeld's Sens A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels & Brothers Cvmvamy ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobin & Tobin DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company. ADVISORY COMMITTEE M A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman ^ J. N. GILLETT GoTcrnor of California BENJAMIN IDE W^HEELER President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President LeIand Stanford Jr. University LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa WILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San DieK* Counties South of Tehachapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties D. C. WILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Conat Counties ELIAS SQUIRES, GIbsonville Sierra Counties LEW^IS E. AUBURY State Mineralo^st ELLW^OOD COOPER State Horticultural Conamissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passenger Traffic Manager Southern Paclfle Company W. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger Traffie Manaeer Atchison, Topeka mn* Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western PaclUe Railway E. W. GILLETT General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company R. X. RYAN General Passenger Agent California Northw^estern Railway and North Shore Railroad S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Rall'way Company A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNANN .General Passenger Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Company FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM. L. GURSTLE, Chairman I. W^. HELLMAN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDBR FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. JOHN MARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE RECEPTION COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman W^ILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman JAMES K. ARMSBY HERBERT E. LAW^ WILLIAM MATSON LOUIS ROSENFELD W^. S. PORTER HERBERT FLEISHHACKBR JAMES ROLPH, JR, P. H. MCCARTHY SAN FRANCISCO AFFAIRS COMMITTEE JAMKS D. PHKLAN, Chairman EUGENE E. SCHMITZ Mayor of San Francisco CHARLES H. BENTLEY The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco GEORGE W. McNEAR The Merchants' Exchange CHARLES F. RUN YON Board of Trade of San Francisco ROBERT H. SW^AYNE Merchants' Association of San Franelsco FRANK L. BROWN Manufacturers' and Producers' Association of California PERCY T. MORGAN The Pacific Commercial Museum HERBERT E. LAW^ Association for the Improvement and Adornment of Sa Francisco J. R. HOWISLL The San Francisco Real Estate Board O. A. TVEITMOE San Francisco Building Trades Council THOMAS MAGEE, JR Harbor Committee MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman WILLIAM H. METSON DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and representative of all com- mercial organisations of each of the fifty-seven counties In Call^ fornla. Afilllated w^lth the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one commercial organisations through- out California -with a membership of more than thirty thousand. I BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY iThe California Promotion Committee FEBRUARY 28, 1907 FROM all parts of California reports reach The California Promotion Committee of great activity in all industries, together with a remarkable increase of population. Bounteous rains all over the State have given assurance of enormous crops of all kinds, and no adverse circumstances have presaged a shortage in any fruit. In railroad building, especially of electric lines, there has been The greatest activity, and new localities are being opened to traffic with a rapidity that insures great development during the coming year. From many localities in the San Joaquin and Sacramento val- leys come reports of subdivision of large tracts of land which have heretofore been held in single ownership. These bodies of land will be put on the market in ten, twenty and forty acre farms, thus permitting the rapid settlement of some of the most fertile land in the State. Reports from all parts of the East, Middle West and Europe, from many sources indicate the greatest interest in California that has ever been shown by the agricultural element of those localities. From these reports it is estimated that fully two hun- dred thousajid people will come to California to make their homes during 1907. In San Francisco reconstruction and rehabilitation work has been progressing in a most satisfactory manner. Real estate values have been maintained in all parts of the city, and in many localities liave been increased, with active demand. The following summary shows San Francisco's condition: February building permits issued, 659; value $7,233,010. Adding 15 per cent for undervaluation would bring this amount to .^8,317,961. Total permits issued since the fire, 8,393 ; value $46,854,876. Adding 15 per cent for undervaluation would bring this amount to $53,883,107. February real estate transfers, 800; value $4,400,000. February postal receipts, $142,142. February customs receipts, $847,719.34 ; February, 1906, $777,- 736.85. February bank clearings, $194,294,366.93; February, 1906, $156,271,911.56. Los Angeles bank clearings, $53,195,399.84. Oakland bank clearings, $15,753,646.15. San Jose bank clearings, $2,384,502.60. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA ON APPLICATION, 972-R C M— C.E. XX.— 3-2-07 MARCH Vol. IV. No. 4. 1907 10 Ccnls. $1.00 A Year COUNTIES NUMBER No. SIX FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: BIG TREES OF CALIFORNIA. EDITORIAL BUTTE COUNTY PLUMAS COUNTY YUBA COUNTY SIERRA COUNTY NEVADA COUNTY SOLANO COUNTY AMADOR COUNTY CALAVERAS COUNTY TUOLUMNE COUNTY TULARE COUNTY MARIPOSA COUNTY SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY ^ THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITIEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMIHEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement ; encouragement." — Century Dictionaiy. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable Information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and Invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives Information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is suf)ported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-one com- mercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained In San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBLICATION "F»R THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN UFE" COUNTIES NUMBER No. SIX IVIARCH, 190T Vol IV, No. 4 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTTFEE CALIFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO Editorial WITH the present number of FOR CALIFORNIA the series of Coun- ties Numbers comes to a close. It was begun last October, the object being to give a complete resume of the conditions and advantages in every part of California. The entire number of articles, fifty-seven in all, have been contributed by writers thor- oughly familiar with the areas they described. The information contained, besides being authentic, has in every case been carefully selected and edited, with a view to giving the reader the gist and essentials of the sub- ject he may be investigating. Nothing could be more typical of California than the frontispiece of the present issue. The "Big Trees" — the Sequoia gigantea — are the Titans of the vegetable world, and are found nowhere on earth outside of the Pacific Slope. In their immensity and grandeur they seem a fit embodiment of the California ideal — of vastness, of opulence, of the rich gifts of nature to man, and of resources inexhaustible. In this allegorical sense the Big Trees may well be regarded as the collective frontispiece of the entire series of County Numbers. The present number of FOR CALIFORNIA describes twelve counties, ten out of the number belonging distinctly to the Sierran side of the great Interior valley. Their eastern districts lie amid the alpine reaches of the High Sierras, a region second to none on earth in scenic grandeur; an uplifted world of snowclad peaks, of limpid lakes, of roaring cataracts, and of expansive timber tracts; a region interspersed throughout with cattle pastures and mountain dairies, with profitable mines and enormous lum- bering enterprises. Westward these Sierran counties trend, in their middle portion, through the famous red-soiled foothill country, that lies in the remarkable "thermal belt" of the interior valley, and boasts of an early seasonal output of semi-tropical and citrus fruits. And finally, in com- pletion of their widely diversified resources, these counties, in their west- ern third, reach the deep-soiled and level expanses of the Sacramento plain. Here most of the fruit-raising possibilities of the foothills are repeated, with the addition of an unsurpassed capacity for the production of the cereals. Also the streams, which farther east furnish already electric cur- rents of two hundred thousand horse-power, in their later courses become navigable rivers which these counties utilize in reaching the San Francisco markets. San Bernardino County, lying beyond the divide, and to the south and east of the region just considered, is in many respects unique. Character- istically an arid land, yet this "Mother of Irrigation" is being made to bloom with an exceeding profit in many parts by scientific and modern methods of water distribution. And its mining output, already consid- erable, does not begin to represent its possibilities in this direction. Solano is the typically opulent produce county of the western side of the valley. Its truly astonishing capacity, both as to quantity and diver- sity of product, needs no recapitulation upon this page. Perhaps the most suggestive single fact in connection with Solano is that already given, — that she "can show millionaires who have amassed their wealth directly from her grain-fields, and still reside at the scenes of their labors." These six numbers, comprising the County Series, are well worth binding as convenient reference material on the State. They will be fur- nished while they last at ten cents the copy, or fifty cents for the set of six. Butte County HALF of the foothills that lower westward from the Sierras, and half of the prolific bottom-lands that lie along the Sacramento River, Butte exhibits a diverse topography and an equally various aggre- gate of resources. Toward its eastern confines the county be- comes mountainous, and the heavily timbered slopes of this region give rise to an important lumber industry. Three fourths of its western front lies along the Sacramento River and affords an ample water com- munication for freight traffic with San Francisco. The foothill region of the county is made up mainly of the red soli that has become famous In connection with the raising of citrus fruits and olives. The bottom-lands in the west are variously composed of adobe and black loam. Although Butte lies well in the northern half of the State, its location in the great interior valley brings its entire western half in what is known as the thermal belt, with the result that nearly the whole county is adapted to the cultivation of those orchard products which ordinarily pertain to regions considerably further south. The effect of this thermal belt, in conjunction with the varied topog- raphy of the county, is to lend an immense variety to the resources of Butte. These range from such semi-tropical fruits as the orange, lemon, and olive, to the diverse orchard products and grain of more northerly lati- tudes. Until recently the great staple product of the lowlands has been grain, but a tendency is developing to break up the great expanses of wheatlands into more diversified produce areas and smaller ranches. In 1905 there were over a million bearing fruit-trees in the county, with a third as many more to be classed as non-bearing. Two of the peach orchards of Butte rank as among the largest in the world. Paradoxically, the oranges of Butte ripen earlier than those of the south, with the curious result that, before the holidays are over, her orange crop has been disposed of, and chiefly to the more southerly counties. Among the other varied orchard products of this typically fruit pro- ducing county are to be listed apples and figs, prunes, cherries, apricots, pears, and almonds. Stock-raising is only second to fruit and grain producing in its import- ance to the county; cattle, sheep, and hogs are pastured in large numbers throughout the region. The lumbering resources of the eastern half of Butte lend a decided color to the cities which have grown up at shipping points. Chico is one of the important lumber marts of California. The canneries of the county are the seat of a thriving industry, — on the one hand affording the agriculturist a sure and steady market for his orchard products, and on the other furnishing employment to many hun- dred local people during the growing season. The gold yield is in the form of fine gold from the river bottoms, ob- tained by special dredging processes. The scene of this industry is the Feather River, and the output for 1903 was $1,329,998. Added to the transportational facilities afforded by the Sacramento River, the Southern Pacific Railroad traverses the center of the county and the Western Pacific is preparing to enter, having Oroville as one of its important way points. The latter city is also the terminus of the North- ern California Railroad. The educational facilities of Butte are the particular pride of the county. In addition to a well-established rural school organization and the excellent systems of the several cities, there is the State Normal School at Chico, with between four and five hundred pupils in regular attendance. Chico is the metropolis of the county, and is a city of pleasant tree-lined avenues, with a considerable church population. The county is 1,720 square miles in extent, and Oroville, with a popu- lation of 3,500, is the county seat. The county is known as one offering exceptional opportunities to the family man of small means. Plumas County I^H ana TRAVERSED throughout its entire extent by the great plateau of the northern Sierras, Plumas is typically a California mountain county. The perpetually white dome of Lassen Peak rises over its north- western extremity, and thence southward and eastward its territory includes an endless succession of splendid ranges, surmounted by such final heights as Sugar Loaf and Keddie. Between these mountain masses lie the fertile valleys which give their waters to the Feather River system. Here the heavily forested mountain slopes give place to bottom lands of deep alluvial soil, where one day additional thousands of Califor- nians will be happily engaged in stock-raising and general agriculture. The principal valleys of the county open to the southwest, and its western border fronts upon the lowering foothill lands that descend through Butte and Tehama counties to the bottoms of the Sacramento. In company with other mountain counties of California, Plumas has an abundant rainfall, the annual average being abount forty inches. A part of this water supply is ponded in the Round Valley reservoir, which has an extent of about one thousand acres, and furnishes water for the mining and irrigating of its vicinity. Varied agriculture has large possibilities in Plumas County. It is par excellence an apple region, although this excellent product is at present raised for home consumption alone; and peaches, pears, plums, prunes, and nectarines do well in many parts. Strawberries, blackberries, raspber- ries, gooseberries, and currants are prolific, and of a quality unsurpassed. The county raises its own poultry and eggs, and sends some of these products across its borders. A most excellent article in mountain dairy butter is also produced. As in Switzerland, Norway, and other Alpine lands, large numbers of cattle and sheep migrate with the seasons, ranging each summer in the highlands, where abundant and succulent feed is found, and descending to the valleys in the autumn. The timber supply of Plumas has been barely touched as yet. Its canyons are clothed with virgin and far-reaching forests of sugar and yel- low pine of great size and value, together with equally available stands of fir, spruce, and cedar. Mining is among the considerable industries of this country. Large enterprises in both quartz and hydraulic mining are carried on. Important showings in copper also have been made. The latter subject is engaging the attention of capitalists, and much prospecting has been done. Among other minerals known to exist in large quantities in the county are iron, marble, and asbestos. These great mineral resources now lie as a certain promise for the future, when the necessary capital shall have been direct- ed to their development. With its magnificent topography of canyon, cascade, and upland mead- ow, Plumas County is the camper's paradise. Plenty of deer, and hundreds of miles of trout-streams that can never be "fished out." Here, in the mighty solitude of first-growth timber, by the ford of some stream crystal clear, the man and his beast may make their common camp, and realize in its fullness the rich life of the mountain wilds. For those who prefer to temper the wilderness with a touch of human society, there are the sum- mer resorts along the Feather River and its tributaries. These watercourses are the goal of hundreds of vacationists during the summer, and Big Meadows is one of the famous resorts of California for the disciples of old Isaak Walton, while game in fur and feather offer equal inducements for the man with gun and dog. Plumas measures about fifty miles on the meridian, and half as much again from east to west. The county has an area of 2,361 square miles, and Quincy is the county seat. Yuba County INCLUDING every diversity of elevation within its borders, Yuba County readies into the High Sierras on the east, is traversed by the foothill region in its center, and falls in Its western portions to the bottom- lands of the Sacramento Valley, along the Feather River. It has an annual rainfall of from eighteen to twenty inches, which is sufficient for general agriculture. The drainage topography lends itself admirably to the needs of irrigation, which is now coming more Into use, since water is abundant, and heavier crops result. The thermal belt, which pushes far up the Sacramento Valley, traverses the western half of this county, and oranges are grown to perfection. Every family has its own orange and lemon trees, doing the double duty of dooryard decoration and furnishing the table with an abundant supply of fruit. The crops more extensively cultivated for the market, however, are peaches, prunes, figs, walnuts, almonds, olives, pears, apricots, and cherries. A related industry is fruit-canning, which is conducted on a large scale and gives employment to hundreds of families in the western part of the county during the summer. Dried fruit is also a considerable product. The vineyards of the county are an important agricultural feature, the "Thompson Seedless" and the "Flaming Tokay" being the grapes prin- cipally grown. Great quantities of wine grapes are produced, whence the winery at Marysville draws its supply. More recently sugar beets have be- come a factor in the county's agricultural output. As in other of the Sacramento Valley counties, there has been a marked tendency of late in Yuba to parcel the vast grain ranches hitherto existing into smaller farms devoted to varied agriculture. Land is still to be had at inviting prices, and the county may be said to be the oppor- tunity of the investor of moderate means. At present greater attention is being given to potatoes, tomatoes, beans, and berries. Strawberries in particular are a profitable crop. Hop-raising is one of the important farm- ing occupations here, and the beautiful hop vineyards along the Bear and Feather rivers give employment to hundreds of people during the planting and picking seasons. The largest hop-yards in the world are claimed for this region. Alfalfa is also coming into prominence as a profitable crop. The mountain slopes of the eastern half of Yuba are clothed with a magnificent growth of timber, and within recent years the lumber industry has received a decided impetus. The logging-camps and sawmills are operated on a large scale, sugar pine, fir, and spruce comprising the chief output. The quartz mining of the county is experiencing a rejuvenation owing to improved methods of handling the rock. Hundreds of prospectors are making wages also while seeking ledges and gravel deposits. The main output of Yuba's gold, however, is the product of the great river dredges. Ten of these monster machines are now at work on the river silts, whence the fine gold is saved by improved processes. The mountain streams of Yuba furnish light and power not only to its cities, but those in distant parts of the State. At Colgate, on the Yuba River, is located the largest of the Bay Counties Power Company's stations, whence electric power is delivered to points over two hundred miles away, propelling the trolley cars and lighting the streets of the Bay Shore cities. Marysville, the county seat of Yuba, has a population of something over five thousand, and is beautifully situated at the junction of the Yuba and Feather rivers, about fifty miles north of the State capital. It is an important railroad point in the Southern Pacific system. The Western Pacific owns a franchise through the city, together with lands designated for terminal and shop facilities, and is at present pushing its construction work with great energy. Also the Northern Electric Road has now been completed into the city and beyond, and will shortly reach Sacramento. Sierra County WHOLLY within the plateau of the northern Sierras, and comprising one of the most magnificent scenic areas on this continent, lies Sierra County, an assemblage of titanic shapes of granite, roaring rapids and cascades, and lakes of unexampled beauty, diamond clear, and fed by the snows of countless peaks and ridges. The main ridge of the Sierra Nevada Mountains trends north and south through the eastern half of this county. Here are the sources of the Yuba River, which in the lower counties yields up its fine gold to the dredgers, and fur- nishes power which, transmitted, is used in a half-score of the tide-water cities. On the eastern side of the divide are the northern sources of the Truckee. Sierra has the heavy precipitation characteristic of the mountain coun- ties, the annual rain- and snowfall being about sixty inches. The most important agricultural area is the Sierra Valley, some thirty miles long by ten in width, and over forty-seven hundred feet above the level of the sea. Here the soil is a deep, black loam, containing a liberal mixture of vegetable mold, the residue of unmeasured ages of the growth and decay of the coniferous forests of this highland region. The greater extent of the county is covered with a stand of first-growth sugar and yellow pine, and spruce, cedar, and fir. Stock-raising is an important industry of this alpine region. Cattle are fattened for the markets of San Francisco and elsewhere, and large shipments of sheep are made. The succulent feed of the upland pastures makes Sierra County pre-eminently a pasture region. Late statistics show nearly twenty-five thousand animals on the hoof. There are fifty-five dairies and four creameries, with an output of more than a quarter of a million pounds of butter. The additional stock products are forty thousand pounds of hides, and eighteen thousand pounds of wool, with a substantial production also of lard and tallow. Over and above the needs of its own people. Sierra had for export in 1905 one hundred and thirty thousand pounds of butter, three thousand cattle, two thousand hides, twenty-five hundred sheep, seventeen thousand five hundred pounds of wool, thirty million feet of lumber and twenty-nine million feet of logs. There are twelve sawmills in the county and four electric plants. Hay is the largest crop, running to fifteen thousand tons, and alfalfa comes second. Since the days of the Argonauts the principal industry of Sierra has been gold-mining. One hundred ninety million dollars have been taken from its rivers, gravel deposits, and quartz veins. Other mineral assets of the county are iron, copper, asbestos, and lime. The Boca and Loyalton Railroad passes through the county, making connections with the Southern Pacific system. Downieville is the county seat. An excellently organized rural school system provides educational facilities. Not the least of the resources of Sierra County, from commercial and other points of view, is its prominence as a region of summer resorts. The surpassing scenery, the pure and invigorating mountain air, the beautiful alpine lakes, and the abundant game, all conduce to Its attractiveness to those seeking health or diversion. The average winter temperature is 47 degrees, and summer 72 degrees. The summer nights are pleasantly cool. The fruit, berries, garden truck, and dairy products of the region add to the attractiveness of the resorts. Among the principal health resorts are Campbell's Hot Springs, and Webber, Independence, and Gold Lakes. The trout streams of this county are famous, and the lake fishing holds out equal inducements. Mountain quail and grouse are abundant in canyon and gulch, and ducks and snipe frequent the watercourses. Bear and an abundance of deer await the sportsman everywhere In the region. Nevada County BEGINNING with an altitude of about one thousand feet along its western boundary, Nevada County rises to the eastward through the foothill region of its middle portion to the major heights of the Sierra Nevada plateau in the east, where the altitudes are frequently as much as eight thousand feet. This topographical variety carries with it equally diverse industrial possibilities. While the county is first of all a gold-mining area, its western half, made up of a pleasing succession of small valleys, wooded hills, and rolling uplands, is well adapted to orchards and vineyards, grazing and general agriculture. The variety in soil, the differences of temperature, and the accessibility of the region are all encouragements to fruit and vineyard culture that are proving valuable and profitable enterprises. The rainfall of the county varies with the elevation, the average annual precipitation being about fifty inches. With this supply of moisture the failure of crops is out of the question. The mountain snows comprise a natural storage, furnishing an adequate supply of water for the canals and reservoirs needed for either mining or irrigation. The latter is steadily coming into a more extensive use of clover and grass lands and for orchards. Nevertheless the soil of Nevada County, with proper cultivation, is capable of producing cereals and fruits without the aid of irrigation. Wherever irrigation has been used, crops of every character have been raised In remarkable abundance. There is plenty of water stored in arti- ficial reservoirs along the summit of the Sierras. Originally these artificial lakes and expensive ditches were constructed to supply hydraulic mines. The extreme western portion of the county lies in the thermal belt of interior California, and citrus fruits grow to perfection, as also the olive and other sub-tropical fruits. Through the central portion, at an altitude of twenty-five hundred feet, the deciduous orchard fruits reach their best development and flavor. The abundant rainfall is especially propitious for the growth of the Bartlett pear, which here reaches perfection. All the fruits of the temperate latitudes find congenial conditions in these middle altitudes. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, and nuts are the principal products, while the olive, fig, prune, and all kinds of ber- ries do well also. In Nevada County are the largest hydraulic mines in the world, and a number of big forty-stamp quartz-mills. In the beginning of CalilFornia's history the mines furnished the first market for the lumber of these moun- tains, which are even now thick with a virgin growth of sugar and yellow pine, fir, spruce, and cedar. The lumber centers are Nevada City, Grass Valley, and Truckee. At present Truckee leads in the lumber industry, where large sawmills and door, sash, and box factories are located. The town of Overton has one of the largest box factories and sawmills in the State, and has railroad connections with Truckee. The high alpine zone of the Sierras is ideal as a pasturage country, and much stock is run in the summer, with fine dairy butter as a special product. The county is abundantly supplied with electric power from the great plant of the Bay Counties Power Company, located on the Middle Yuba River, the dividing line between Nevada and Yuba counties. The Truckee General Electric Company, in this county, supplies the mines of Virginia City with power. The paper-mill at Floriston, on the Truckee River, is with one exception the largest in the United States. The pulp used is manufactured from the timber of the vicinity. Besides its excellent system of public schools, Nevada County has several private institutions of high standing. The principal towns are Grass Valley, Nevada City, and Truckee. Nevada City is the county seat, and Grass Valley is the largest mining center in California. The two are con- nected by electric interurban railway. Solano County 'ITH its shores skirting the salt water of San Pablo Bay westward from the delta of the Sacramento River, Solano County trends northward for some forty miles, traversing the rich bottom-lands for about two thirds of its extent, and reaching the foothills in the northwest. There is a great variety of soil, including the red gravel of the foot- hills and the black sandy loam and rich alluvium of the bottoms. The over- tflowed lands are composed mainly of decayed vegetable matter, mixed ^ith sediments. Experience has proved that the heavier soils are the best For pears, and the more sandy for peaches and apricots. In many parts )f the region the surface soil is ten feet in depth. Solano ranks among the leading horticultural counties, and during the )ast ten years has made wonderful strides. The early ripening and the superiority of her fruits has given the county a national reputation. The ^aca Valley fruits and vegetables find their way to market during the early [part of the season. During the past year the development of agricultrue in [Solano has been unusually active, and thousands of acres of marsh-land [have been reclaimed and are now being devoted to the production of aspar- lagus and grain. The orchards, which have always been a source of vast (wealth, have also been increased in acreage during the year, and it is esti- mated that there are now over a million and a half of deciduous and citrus [trees, with fruit ripening every month in the year, and the soil is adapted to every variety of fruit grown. From these trees their owners gathered thousands of tons of fruit during the season, and the gross value of the [crops is estimated at more than five million dollars. Fruit trains leave daily during the season for the East. Cherries are shipped early in April and [apricots early in May, with all other shipments at a correspondingly early [date. Vegetables are grown in large quantities and find a ready sale in [the markets of San Francisco. The chief fruit sections are round about [Suisun, Vacaville, and Laguna, and the principal varieties of fruits grown [are apricots, peaches, pears, plums, prunes, and table grapes. A large I proportion of the crop is shipped green for table use. The grain industry in Solano County ranked second during the season [In the list of agricultural products, and several thousand tons of grain were [grown which had a gross value of four million dollars. Solano can show [millionaires who have amassed their wealth directly from her grainfields and still reside at the scenes of their labors. In the wheatlands of the Montezuma Hills the yield is particularly large, and the crops certain. Some of the best dairying sections of California are found along the borders of the Solano tule lands. These indeed are but the very richest of all agricultural land, in the slow process of formation. Solano is also making her record in the manufacturing industries. Besides the great Government navy plant, situated on Mare Island, oppo- !8ite the city of Vallejo, there are the flour-mills of the Port Costa Milling Company, which turn out daily twenty-five hundred barrels of flour and ten hundred sacks of crushed barley. One packing establishment at South Vallejo has exported $150,000 worth of salmon to Germany during the year, and another at Benicia has put up an equal amount of fruit. The Benicia Iron Works during the year made shipments which averaged ten thousand tons a day. The total value of Solano's crops for 1906 was more than $30,000,000. The metropolis of the county is Vallejo, — a money city, a city of homes, whose people are up and doing. It is located on a magnificent waterway, with a climate balmy, yet toned with the vigor of the sea air, and prac- tically free from fogs. Vallejo owns her own waterworks. Electric railroads are about to be constructed which will connect Benicia, in this county, with Napa and St. Helena, in Napa County. Amador County THE name of Amador now, as in the early gold days, is inseparably associated with the mining interests of California. This county ranks third in the State as a gold producer. Nearly all the quartz mines are being profitably conducted, and several entered the dividend pay- ing class within the year 1906. The gold production in this county for the year 1904- was over two million dollars. Copper is also mined in considerable quantities, and the western portion of the county is underlaid with immense areas of soft or fuel coal. Many thousands of tons are shipped to different parts of the State. Immediately accessible to the rail- roads are unlimited beds of the finest potter's clay. The resources of the county include several other wealth-producing minerals, such as fine build- ing-stone, roofing-slate, and a beautiful quality of marble. Hitherto one of the chief expenses connected with mining in Amador has been the cost of hauling timbers to the mines. Now, however, the lone and Eastern Railroad is to be extended from Martell, the present ter- minus, to a point thirty miles farther into the mountains. This extension will tap some of the finest timber in the Sierras, and will make possible the development of mineral properties that have heretofore lain idle. The addi- tional lumber product for shipment will also add materially to the wealth of the county. Large tracts of timberland have lately been purchased, and options have been secured upon others. Amador County descends from the High Sierras of its eastern area to a region of rolling hills in the west, through which are interspersed beauti- ful little valleys, adapted to the growth of all kinds of agricultural products — wheat, barley, oats, corn, potatoes, broomcorn, and alfalfa. All kinds of vegetables grow in profusion. The rolling lands, which constitute the greater portion of the county, are composed principally of a gravelly or red loam soil, and covered more or less with open oak timber and an under- growth of brush and wild grasses which makes them well adapted to the raising of stock, this being, indeed, one of the leading industries of the county. Horses, mules, sheep, hogs, and cattle are raised in considerable numbers; especially cattle, of which many fine herds are owned in the west- ern half of the county, where they are kept during the fall, winter, and spring without other feed than the natural products of the soil. In the summer they are driven to the alpine valleys of the High Sierras, where a most succulent pasturage is found just at the edge of the melting snows. Dairying is an important related industry. It centers around lone, which has the leading creamery of this part of California. Poultry-raising is also carried on to a considerable extent, and with profit. The climate and soil of Amador are equal to any in the State for the growing of apples, peaches, pears, plums, prunes, quinces, berries in great variety, and grapes. Oranges grow to perfection. In the foothills it has been demonstrated that the olive is a successful crop. Seven miles east of Jackson is the plant of the Standard Electric Power Company, which furnishes power and light not only for Amador County, but for outside points as well. The plant is run by water-power, the supply coming from the never-ceasing streams and melting snowbanks of the highest Sierras, the water being stored in immense reservoirs. The annual precipitation in Amador is about twenty-three inches. The farmers have not found it necessary to adopt a general system of irrigation, although the supply of water is ample and to spare, if properly husbanded in large reservoirs, for which there are many available sites. The area of the county is 568 square miles. Jackson is the county seat, lone is an important town, and a railroad terminus. 10 Calaveras County WITH its western boundary line among the rolling hills that look out upon the San Joaquin bottoms, Calaveras County trends away eastward, rising finally well into the Sierra plateau. It is tri- angular in shape and has an area of 990 square miles. The great Mother Lode of the State runs through Calaveras and makes it a distinctively gold-producing county. Many of the famous quartz mines of the state are located within its confines, among them the famous Utica, Gwin, Lightner, and Melones, all of them good producers of gold. New quartz mines have been opened up in many sections of the county during 1906, and stamp-miiis of from five to twenty stamps put in opera- tion. West of the Mother Lode is the copper belt. Copperopolis and Campo Seco are the copper-mining centers, ore from the latter being very rich in gold and silver, enough of these metals being extracted from the copper ore to pay all the expenses of running the entire plant. Large additions have been made to the Campo Seco plant during the year. Still west of the copper belt there is a lead of quartz running from Knight's Ferry to a point below Campo Seco, which has been prospected with excellent results. There is also what is called the East belt, extending from Murphys to West Point. The mining towns furnish an excellent market for the farmers. The lumber industry has made enormous progress during the past year, large mills having been completed and put in operation in the yellow pine district, near the famous Big Trees. A railroad has been surveyed from the terminus at Valley Springs via San Andreas to the Big Trees, the object of the new road being to tap the great timber section, where mills are to be erected and lumbering carried on on an immense scale. The average annual rainfall in Calaveras County is about twenty inches, this being sufficient to insure good crops. In the granite belt the vine and the more hardy fruits, such as the apple, pear, and plum do well; while on the red loamy hillsides is found excellent land for fruit and vine culture. The plains are largely given to grain and orchards. The rich river bottoms produce, without irrigation, fruits of all descriptions, together with large tracts of corn, beans, and melons. Calaveras produces both deciduous and citrus fruits. The western part of the county lies in the thermal belt of the interior valley, and here the olive, citron, orange, and lemon thrive, in places, with great luxuriance. Citrus fruits are not grown extensively, but where grown they are a success. There are orange trees over thirty-five years old at Campo Seco, and they continue to bear remunerative crops each season. Olives do well without irrigation, there being several large orchards in full bearing in the western part of the county. Deciduous fruits, such as the apple, pear, peach, apricot, nectarine, cherry, plum, and prune, are grown in all parts of the county. In the east- ern part, where the rainfall is greater and the summers cooler, fine apples and potatoes are grown. This district is known as the "apple and potato belt," and large crops of excellent quality are produced, selling at good prices. There are several large almond orchards in the county, and the English walnut is grown to perfection. Garden truck is raised in large quantities for home consumption. The increase in the value of cattle has stimulated the livestock industry. The cattle are driven in summer to the alpine valleys of the High Sierras. An increased attention is being given to dairy products. Hogs are raised in large numbers and the sheep industry is doing well. Calaveras wool always brings the top figure. The county is well supplied with electrical power, from the plants of the Standard and the Utica electrical companies. 11 Tuolumne County THE entire surface of Tuolumne County is of a rugged character, vary- ing from the rolling hill country that descends toward the San Joaquin Valley to the snow-covered peaks of the western Sierras. There are many small and fertile valleys and meadows, and eastward, splendid mountain flanks covered with heavy timber. In the old days Tuolumne County was known as the "Southern Mines." The famous Mother Lode traverses the entire western portion of the county. All east of the Mother Lode is what is known as the "East Belt," upon which are situated many fine producing mines. This East belt has made quite a record and is the principal mining section of the Southern mines. Besides gold, the minerals of the county include silver, copper, arsenic, antimony, galena, zinc, iron, asbestos, manganese, and marble. The annual output of the mines is nearly two million dollars, and some of the greatest gold pro- ducing mines of the state are here. The timber industry of the county is fast coming to the front. The town of Tuolumne has grown up around the great plant of the West Side Flume and Lumber Company. A railroad extends from this point far into the heavily timbered mountains. The timber belt of this county is of great extent and comprises sixty per cent of sugar pine, twenty per cent of yellow pine, and the balance cedar and fir. Upon some tracts the timber will run 300,000 feet to the acre, many of the trees measuring thirty-three feet in circumference and three hundred feet in height. The Tuolumne grove con- tains about thirteen hundred sequoias. In many places the soil is admirably adapted to fruit-growing, and in the foothills some of the finest apples of the State are grown. Vines and semi-tropical fruits of every variety are cultivated, and yield an abundance of fruit of excellent quality. Lemon and orange trees do well in the southern portion, and almonds and walnuts are also grown. Large quantities of grapes are shipped each year, while the second quality are made into a high grade of wine. The champagne cider manufactured here has a reputa- tion throughout the United States. Stock-raising is controlled mostly by feed — by those who have ranges in the mountains for the summer and pastures in the foothills for the winter. In the mountains in certain sections there are meadows upon which grows the finest kind of bunchgrass, while upon the hillsides wild oats and timothy afford a splendid feed. The water supply is ample for all requirements, being used for mining and irrigation. It is furnished by a system of dams, reservoirs, and canals. The towns of the county are furnished with electric lights from power generated by a plant on the south fork of the Stanislaus River. The grand scenic aspects of the eastern half of the county make it pre-eminently the resort of the summer camper and sportsman. The grand canyon of the Tuolumne and the famous Hetch Hetchy Valley belong to this section, which is dotted with a great number of most beautiful mountain lakelets and lakes, among them the charming Lake Eleanor. All the lakes and water-courses are alive with trout, and big game, in the shape of deer, bear, mountain lions, and other four-footed denizens of the wild, frequent the vicinity. Sonora, the county seat, has an elevation of about 1,825 feet, and is considered an exceptionally good business town. It has an absolutely fire- proof courthouse. Four miles to the north is Columbia, one of California's famous old mining towns. Carters and the prosperous new lumber town of Tuolumne lie ten miles to the east of the county seat, in the center of the wonderful East Belt mining district. They have an exceptionally bright future, being the terminus of the Sierra Railway and the junction of the Hetch Hetchy and Yosemite Valley Railroad. Tulare County IN the ranges of Tulare County the Sierras reach their culminating heights. Mt. Whitney is little less than fifteen thousand feet in altitude, and there are a number of other peaks that are numbered among the world's high mountains. Sloping rapidly from the major elevations of the Sierra plateau, the county trends westward into the low ani level expanses of the upper San Joaquin Valley. Although three or four valley counties have been carved out of Tulare, the remnant is still to be numbered among the largest in California, being about the size of Connecticut, and almost square. It is remarkable for the height and beauty of its mountains, for its generous groves of giant sequoia, for the fertility of Its soils, for the abundances of watercourses, for the variety of products, for scenery that many declare to be superior to the Yosemite, for the highest mountain in the United States, for the successful citrus territory, where are grown oranges that equal the finest produced, and for being the earliest section to be settled up and devoted to agricultural purposes. The soil is a deep alluvial loam, rich in nitrates and potash, and free from alkali. Late frosts are rare. The spring is warm and early, which gives the fruit a perfect richness and sweetness. While Irrigation is general, at least to the extent of giving the trees one good drenching a year, there are many ranches where the underflow is only six to twelve feet from the sur- face, rising even higher in spring, and therefore no artificial watering is needed. Most of the district has a plentiful supply of water in the shape of this underflow — a natural reservoir at a depth of from fifty to seventy-five feet. It is raised by pumping, and the power for this pumping is electricity, available at a reasonable price. Farm houses are lighted by electricity, and the cities of Visalia and Tulare and the towns of Exeter, Lindsay, and Porter- ville are supplied from the same plant. Soil and climate are generally adapted to diversity of products. A crop of grain may be cut in May, and a harvest of squashes, potatoes, and Indian or Egyptian corn taken from the same field in October. Alfalfa hay has a broad market for shipment. Squashes, onions, and beans command good prices. Honey has an unlimited market, it being shipped East in carload lots. Poultry and eggs are higher than in the East, and their production cheaper. Berries of all kinds thrive and meet with a ready demand in the local markets. In the Alta district, in the northwestern part, a considerable acreage is devoted to raisins, which do well in this county, although their cultivation has not been attempted on so extensive a scale as elsewhere. The Porter- ville oranges have repeatedly carried off first prizes in the citrus fairs of the State. The famed citrus belt of Tulare lies about twelve miles east of Visalia, and includes a series of settlements, or districts. This land is prac- tically frostless. The soil is shown to contain in exact proportions the ele- ments needed for the growth of citrus trees. Freedom from fog gives Immu- nity from insect pests, which need moisture in the air to prosper. The long warm summer brings the fruit to maturity earlier than Is the case farther south, and as a result Tulare fruit reaches the Eastern market in November and the first weeks of December, in time for the Christmas trade. Situated midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, the dairyman is enabled to take advantage of varying market conditions to secure the highest prices. There has been a marked increase in dairying interests. An- other noticeable gain has been made in horses and mules. There is a grow- ing demand for draft-horses and large-boned, big-muscled mules, and these animals command good prices. Visalia is the county seat, and the oldest city in the valley, having been founded in 1852. It is a modern, well-improved, prosperous city, with every prospect of continuous, active growth. Tulare City is the second in size, and Lindsay, Exeter, and Porterville are important fruit centers. Mariposa County TWO of the most wonderful scenic features of the known world lie within the boundaries of this county — ^the Mariposa Big Trees and Yosemite Valley. Mariposa has an area of 1,580 square miles, beginning in the low foothills that look out upon the San Joaquin bottom-lands, and rising through the base of the plateau, and finally, in its eastern third, reaching the most sublime aspects of the High Sierras. The soil of the plains and valleys is black alluvial, and in the lower foothills there is a sharp red admixture of adobe and gravel, all easily cultivated, and good for grain and fruits. The quartz veins and placers of Mariposa County have in the past been her particular fame, and the gold-mining industry will continue to rank first for years to come. There are three mining belts in the county — the Mother Lode, with its offshoots, the east belt, and the copper belt. As a fruit-raising county Mariposa has not attained the distinction her fruits deserve. There is no variety that does not grow to perfection in size and color, and the flavor is unsurpassed, being of that delicious quality found only in mountain fruits. Irrigation is practiced to some extent, water being taken from streams and mining ditches and used with good results. With the exception of berries, vegetables, and some of the smaller fruits, however, irrigation is not required. Apples are the chief fruit product, though wine and raisin grapes, oranges and olives have been prize winners at world and state expositions. Some of the best apples that find their way to San Francisco markets are the product of Mariposa County. The agricultural interests are steadily im- proving. Thousands of acres are taken up by settlers every year, and there is yet considerable valuable land left for new-comers. Fruit-growing and poultry-raising promise to be important industries. Thus far the greatest drawback to advancement has been the lack of shipping facilities. Long-distance hauling over mountain roads prevents fruits and other products being profitably marketed. This hindrance will be corrected by an electric road now being constructed from one of the main railroad lines to Yosemite National Park, via the Merced River Canyon. Another proposed railroad to Wawona through the eastern part of the county will be of vast benefit, in giving cheap and quick access to the markets. Lumbering is of considerable and growing importance, the mountain flanks being clothed in splendid forests of sugar and yellow pine, fir, spruce, and cedar. Stock-raising is a thriving enterprise. The custom of all alpine countries is followed of pasturing the cattle and sheep in the lower valleys during the winter and driving them to the high meadows in summer, where the richest of grasses are to be found at the foot of the snows. In these small and numerous mountain vales dairying is carried on during the summer months and a most excellent quality of butter is produced. The scenery of Mariposa County is a very tangible asset. Thousands of pleasure-seekers from every part of the civilized world come annually to marvel at the stupendous sequoias, many of which are thirty-five feet in diameter and as much as three hundred feet in height, and to tarry a while amid the incomparable grandeur of Yosemite Valley, where eveiry variety of accommodation awaits them, from the most commodious hotel to the simple facilities required by the camper-out. The floor of the valley has an elevation of over four thousand feet, with walls five thousand feet higher. The Merced River flows through the Valley. The county has a well-organized public school system, with an adequate number of schoolhouses, well supplied and furnished. Mariposa, the county seat, is well built, and provided with churches, schools, hotels, and sub- stantial county buildings and business houses. San Bernardino County |HE distinction of being the largest county, not only of California, but of the United States, lies with San Bernardino County. New Hamp- shire, Vermont, and Rhode Island combined do not equal it in area. There are eight States in the Union whose areas, severally, are less than that of this county. In the number and character of irrigation enterprises, San Bernardino lounty stands in the front rank. It has justly been called the "Mother of Irrigation," because here was dug the first irrigation ditch in the State, md here were raised the first crops by irrigation. There are hundreds of miles of pipe-lines and canals, with thousands of liles of laterals and individual pipe-lines. In addition to this, hundreds ind hundreds of wells have been bored, each producing a flowing stream rithout other or further expense, which volume is sufficient not only to irrigate many thousands of acres, but also furnishes the magnificent supply ^hlch fructifies and renders fertile the great plain on which the city of River- lide stands. Almost every variety of fruit can be produced in one or another of the listricts of this county. In the mountain valleys and upon the plateaus ipples and cherries are grown. On the lower levels all the deciduous fruits fare produced, the principal varieties being peaches, apricots, prunes, and jrapes. The production of oranges, lemons, and pomelos is large, these lits being grown to perfection. In the western part, in the Rialto, Etiwanda, and Cucamonga neighbor- [hoods, there is produced a large quantity of raisins, which rank with the )est, in quality and appearance. Another section of the county especially [adapted to the culture of grapes is that about Hesperia, which lies along the lojave River. The Chino Ranch, located here, is the third largest sugar-beet factory in the world. About twenty thousand acres are devoted to sugar beets, 'his culture has been a profitable industry for the farmers. On the Chino tanch are fattened thousands of head of cattle upon the beet-pulp, which siloed for that purpose. Along the slope of the mountains, and in the mountain valleys and can- nons, are numerous bee ranches, from which is produced a large amount of joney, which commands a high price in the Eastern markets. The raising of sheep and cattle is carried on along the mountain ranges [and in the upper mountain valleys. Dairying Is carried on in both the upper [and lower valleys. Pure-bred or high-class dairy cattle are in general use. \A stock company for the breeding of the most desirable classes of horses has |a large ranch at Victor. Vegetables of nearly all descriptions are raised, the yield being large, tand a growing shipping trade to outside markets has been established, ^heat, oats, and barley are grown in considerable quantities, and alfalfa is [raised with profit. The northern and eastern parts of the county are heavily mineralized, [and although prospecting has been carried on for fifty years, new and greater finds are being made every year. Almost every known mineral has been dis- jovered. Cold, silver. Iron, copper, tin, lead, borax, soda, and nitrates are Hound In abundance and scattered over a wide area. Some of the richest silver mines in the State are found In this county. Copper exists in great labundance, and recent developments have shown some of these properties Ko be of extraordinary richness. THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JBNXINGS, Chalraaa FREDBRICK TILLMANN, JR., Treasurer. Pre«l dent Tlllmana A Bendel JAMBS K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Armaby Company GKORGE A. BATCHBLDBR Vice-President E. H. Rollins & Sons WILLIAM J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Corporation HERBBRT FLBISHHACKBR A. Fleishhacker <& Company 1VILL.IAM 1.. GBRSTLB Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R. B. HALB Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W. HBLIiMAN, JR. Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco HBRBBRT B. LAW Capitalist P. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Bulldlngr Trades Conae of California WILLIAM H. MBTSON Campbell, Metson & Drew JOHN MARTIN President John Martin <& Company WILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navieation Company W. S. PORTBR Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMBS D. PUBLAN President Mutual SariuBs Bank JAMBS ROLPH, JR. Hind, Rolph & Company LOTJIS ROSBNFBLD John Rosenf eld's Sons A. B. SPRBCKBLS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels A Brothers Company ANDRBA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank JOSBPH S. TOBIN Tobin & Tobin D0170LAS S. WATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company. ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRBCKBLS, Chairman J. N. GILLBTT GoTemor ef California BENJAMIN IDB W^HBBLBR President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. University LUTHBR BUKBANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM B. SMYTHB, San Dlese Counties South ef Tehaehapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RBTURN ROBBRTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULB, Bureka North Coast Counties D. C. WILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Coast Counties BLIAS SQ,UIRBS, GlbsonvIUe Sierra Counties LBW^IS E. AUBURY State Mineralesist BLLWOOD COOPBR State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLBS S. FBB Passenser Traffic Manaeer Southern Paclilc Company W^. A. BISSBLL Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager Atchison, Topeka as Santa Fe Railway W^. J. BARTNBTT Vice-President Western Pacific RallTvay B. W. GILLBTT General PasMcngrer Agrent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Sa Lake Railroad Company R. X. RYAN General Passenger Asent California Northwestern Pacific S. H. SMITH General Passengrer Asent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KBRRBLL General Passengrer Aeent Padfle Mall Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passengrer Asent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNANN General Passengrer Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Compan: Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and sixty-seven commercial organlxatlons throusl out California, with a membership of more than thirty thousand. BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee MARCH 31, 1907 MARCH has been a month of unprecedented and unusual rains in California, and reports received by The Cali- fornia Promotion Committee indicate that great dam- age has been done in tlie overflowed lands along the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries. Much benefit will be derived, however, in many localities from the excess of moisture. Considerable damage has been done to fruits in many parts of the State. It is estimated that the apricot crop will be a total failure, while prunes will suffer forty per cent loss in the Santa Clara valley. Peaches will be a light crop. So far as ascer- tained other fruits will be above normal in their output. The arrival of settlers during £he month has been large, eclipsing all previous records for similar periods. It is estimated that fully fifty thousand will come on the colonist rates this spring. These people are settling in the agricultural districts, largely, although many workmeq,in the various trades have taken advan- tage of the low rates. Many tourist hotels are approaching completion in many of the interior cities and towns, in anticipation of a heavy tourist travel. Building operations in San Francisco have been hampered in a degree by the rains, but with the removal of the height limit on Class A buildings there has come greatly increased activity. The return of normal weather conditions during the last four days of the month brought a rush of applications for building permits. Hotel accommodations have increased, as have those of rooming and boarding houses. Many flats and residences have been com'^ pleted, and there is a tendency toward reduction of rents. The following summary shows San Francisco 's Condition : Value of March building permits, $8,203,880." Adding 15% for undervaluation would bring this amount to $9,434,452. Value of permits issued since the fire, $55,058,756. Adding 15% for undervaluation would bring this amount to $63,317,568. March real estate transfers, 880. Value, $4,100,000 March postal receipts, $138,350. March customs receipts, $660,280.39. March, 1906, $696,021 36 .,„if^^^*^^ ^^^^ clearings, $187,870,476.70. March, 1906, $185- 417,224.93. ' -*- > Los Angeles bank clearings, $52,823,097.71. Oakland bank clearings, $14,265,321.20. San Jose bank clearings, $2,046,338.55. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA ON APPLICATION. 700-R C M C.E. XX. — 3 29-07 APRIL Vol. IV. N«. 5. 1907 10 Cents. $1.00 A Year SPRINGS NUMBER FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: ONE OP CAUFORMA'S HOT SPRINGS EDITORUL SPRINGS OF SONOMA COUNTY A. R. WATERS HEALING SPRINGS OF RIVERSIDE COUNTY THOMAS C. EVANS SANTA CLARA COUNTY MINERAL^ SPRINGS JOSEPH T. BROOKS THE SPRINGS OF MONTEREY COUNTY CHARLES R. MELANDER SPRINGS OF VENTURA COUNTY SIM MYERS MINERAL SPRINGS OF CONTRA COSTA COUNTY J. E. HUGHES THE SPRINGS OF SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY S. B. MERK THE SPRINGS OF NAPA COUNTY , L. J. BULEN SPRINGS OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY SPRINGS OF TEHAMA COUNTY E. B. WALBRIBGE THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF SANTA BARBARA COUNTY C. M. GffiNEY THE MINERAL SPRINGS OF LAKE COUNTY PLACER COUNTY MINERAL SPRINGS I th?N J. H. LINDSEY THE CAUFORMA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMnTEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (OIGANIZED 1M2) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; adnjancement ; encouragement." — Centuty Dictionaiy. t The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. it has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. it gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. it gives eneowragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. it is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. it presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular sut>scription and malcet no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and seventy-three commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. '■S D. J IHE "PR The Cal moi It has n Its ener adv It gives indi It gives and It is nol reg£ It presei and The Coi no < Affiliate conr ovei Meeting whe Headqui in C FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION "Fffi THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN UFE" SPRINGS NUMBER HE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTTM CAUFORNIA BVILOING, UNION SQUARE SAN FBANCISCO EDITORIAL CALIFORNIA is so bountifully endowed with natural riches that even in a conservative statement of facts it is difficult to avoid the ap- pearance of "making copy." Her mining resources, the unmeasured millions of feet of timber, the enormous output of her varied agri- cultural and horticultural products, leading up to her wonderful climate as a culminating asset, would seem to leave no room for a further exposition of resources. It is nevertheless true that the mineral springs, having distinctly curative properties, and distributed quite generally throughout her area, are sufficient in themselves to give the Golden State a place of importance. The fame of the curative springs of the Old World is due partly to their actual merit in the relieving of physical ills, and partly to the tradition which arises out of centuries of usage. Many of the springs of California appear to be no less potent in their curative properties than the most famous of the world-renowned fountains of Europe. There is this difference, however: that, while their remedial values have been amply demonstrated, they have not as yet been heralded abroad with that great volume of publicity which has given the Old World waters their standing. Two forces, working together, are requisite for material success in any connection. One of these is intrinsic merit and the other copious advertising. For the mineral springs of California the second of these agents has its work still to do. Even as the traveling public are yet ill-persuaded that Yosemite and Shasta are as worthy their pilgrimage as the attractions of the Swiss plateau, so the busy world has still to learn that, in the favored land of sunshine west of the Sierran divide, there await the traveler literally scores of healing jets from the depths of the earth, no less efficacious than those elsewhere which have achieved a fame through centuries of advertising. Also many a reader will have as- sumed that the springs of California are in the inaccessible places of the land and are poor in the creature comforts which mean even more to the afflicted than to those in health. Nothing could be further from the truth, as will be seen in a perusal of the ensuing pages. Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended in various parts of the State in making the more important of California's medicinal springs all that they should be in hotel equipment and the accessories of comfortable living; while, added to the healing value of the waters themselves, is the unique advantage of the outdoor life, v^hich can be enjoyed here as nowhere else in the world by the seeker after health. It has been the aim, in the present number of FOR CALIFORNIA, to add our little mite to that legitimate publicity by which alone connec- tions are made between the good things of the earth and the masses who are ever seeking them. The endeavor has been made to favor no particular locality and to serve no individual interest, but to present a resume, as far as the data have been obtainable, of California's resources in the way of curative mineral springs. The Californian looks placidly abroad, over his mountain-girded acres of bloom and fruit, and realizes, in a take-it-for-granted way, that he has drawn a lucky number in the allotments of fortune. The beneficent airs of mountain and vale join forces with the genial sunshine in a gentle conspiracy to make the world look good to him. And even as the general traveler, in crossing the Sierran divide, enters a new world of pleasures and incentives, so it may be said of the visitor to many a mineral spring in the State that "he who enters here leaves care behind." SPRINGS OF SONOMA COUNTY A. R, WATERS Secretary Santa Ro«a Chamber of Commerce THE marvelous region — a branch of Hades— nestling among the um- U brageous oaks and firs in the pine-clad mountains, rich in manzanita I groves, sweet-scented shrubbery and wild flowers, and surrounded I on all sides by his Satanic Majesty's prodigious laboratory — known jj as the California Geysers, — is located in the northwestern part of Sonoma County, sixteen miles east of Cloverdale, from whence it is reached by stage. These famous springs are objects of wonder and admiration to all of the tens of thousands who visit them annually. The combined Geyser Springs, hot and cold, flow about 100,000 gal- lons of water daily. The area covered is about four hundred acres, and the temperature of the water after it reaches the Pluton River is about 75 degrees. Many of the springs resemble the true geysers of the Yellow- stone Park, but scientists tell us that they are fumaroles or openings and outlets in a volcanic district. The waters are very medicinal and curative for many of the diseases of the skin and organic troubles to which man is heir and are being used more every year to the great help of all who visit them. Taking the springs in Sonoma County alphabetically, we will find the Alder Glen situated two and one-half miles from Cloverdale, and the Fairmount Mineral Springs about five miles from Cloverdale. The water of the latter is alkaline and carbonate, very palatable, and has a pleasant antacid effect on the stomach. Geyser Springs consist of several hot- and cold-water springs at Geyser Station that have alkaline water ranging in temperature from 55 to 212 degrees. The Little Geyser Springs consist of several small jets of hot steam issuing from the earth's crust at a temperature of 190 de- grees, and are located three miles below Geyser Station. Litton Seltzer Springs are located four miles above Healdsburg, at Litton Spring Station. The excellent seltzer and soda waters, both of which are well known commercially, and are slightly acid when drawn, but on exposure the evaporation of the carbonic anhydride becomes alkaline. It is used as an antacid in dyspepsia and in kidney troubles. It has aperient properties also. Mark West Springs are beautifully situated in the hills about eight miles from Santa Rosa, near the famous Petrified Forest, on Mark West Creek, at an elevation of about eight hundred feet, and surrounded by Mt. Washington, Mt. Lincoln, and Mt. Grant. There are hot sulphur and hot mud baths, with temperatures from 65 to 82 degrees. An iron spring contains highly chalybeate water, with magnesia, lime, soda, carbonate of iron, and free carbonic acid gas. The iron spring is used for its tonic effects, and the sulphurous ones for rheumatism and cutaneous diseases. The White Sulphur Springs, near Santa Rosa, flow abundantly, the waters being mostly sulphureted and cold. The action of the water is slightly aperient and diuretic, acting on the stomach, liver, and intestinal tract. It is useful in congestion of the liver, due to malarial poisoning and rheumatism, kidney, and bladder troubles, and skin diseases. The springs are only two miles from town. Skaggs Hot Springs are eight miles west of Clairville, on the North- western Pacific Railroad. There are four main springs of thermal alkali- chalybeate water, ranging from 120 to 140 degrees. The water is agree- ably pungent to the taste, and issues clear and sparkling from the earth. There are many more important springs within the county, on both the Northwestern and the Southern Pacific, to the south of Santa Rosa. All have their virtues and many are being used extensively. Several physi- cians have sanitariums established, and are doing a fine business caring for invalids and others who desire treatment. There are fine openings for hundreds of others to do the same thing in the county. HEALING SPRINGS OF RIVERSIDE COUNTY THOMAS C. ESVANS RIVERSIDE COUNTY, unlike many other counties In this State, has agricultural and mineral lands, and fountains springing from many hidden nooks amidst the rugged mountains throughout the county. Among them may be noted the Console Mineral Springs, located at Riche Canon, Riverside County. This water is said to be very beneficial for diseases of the stomach and liver, and it has also been recom- mended especially for Bright's disease and rheumatism. This water is transported all over Southern California. In addition to the Console Springs, may be noted the Bundy Hot Springs, located at Elsinore, Riverside County, situated on beautiful Lake Elsinore, 1,300 feet above the sea-level, surrounded by lofty mountains and picturesque canons, and altogether a very desirable place for the in- valid. The springs are easy of access, being located on the railroad, with no staging to be done. Lake Elsinore is the resort of much wild game at certain seasons of the year. The water of these springs Is efficacious, having made miraculous cures of rheumatism, both chronic and inflam- matory. The mineral properties, as analyzed by the State University, are as follows: — Sodium and potassium sulphate 5.02 Sodium chloride 1 .64 Sodium carbonate 6.1 9 Calcium and magnesium carbonate 2.04 Silica 3.51 Organic matter 88 The Relief Hot Springs, of San Jacinto, Riverside County, are situated at the foot of the beautiful San Jacinto Mountain, which has an elevation of 2,200 feet. The climate is extremely bracing, and the days are warm and sunny, with cool nights. The Indians are reputed the discoverers of these springs. The large hotel is modern in every respect, and the bath- houses are large, commodious, and well cared for. The springs consist of iron and arsenic water, sulphur water, and warm soda water, all with a temperature of 112 degrees. These springs are renowned for the cure of rheumatism and kindred diseases. The rates at the hotel, including baths, are extremely reasonable. The place can be reached by both the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe railways, the former through the pass from Beaumont, and the latter from San Jacinto, with a three-mile stage drive to the springs, which drive is a very charming one. The Murietta Hot Springs are located near Corona. This little town has been built up by a man who realizes the immense value of the medicinal springs there. The climate is most delightful at all times of the year, and neat little tent-houses surround the main hotel and offer quiet, inexpensive resorts for the afflicted. The medicinal properties of the waters are ex- tremely beneficial in cases of rheumatism, and thousands of people go there every year, many of them being completely restored to health, and every one realizing some benefit, while a continuation of the treatment for any length of time will result in a complete restoration. Murietta can be reached by the Santa Fe Railroad. There are many other smaller and less-noted springs in Riverside County, which offer more or less benefits to any one suffering with rheuma- tism or other kindred ailments, and where one may live at a very moderate cost. SANTA CLARA COUNTY MINERAL SPRINGS JOS. T. BROOKS Secretary San Joae Chamber of Commerce THE famous Santa Clara Valley, with its vast horticultural production, is equally valuable in its mineral springs of wonderful life-giving prop- erties. One usually connects mineral springs, and especially hot springs, with a dry, barren locality or where the rocky declivities preclude a possibility of Nature's beauty. Such is not the case in Santa Clara County, where Nature has clothed the valley and foothills with grandeur of scenery and endowed the land with soil of inexhaustible fertility and production. What are termed the Eastern winter months, here bring forth a carpet of green and herald the bloom of the almond, roses, and shrubbery. There follows, in turn, the blossoming of peach and cherry trees, and finally, as a climax, over five million prune trees unfold an array of blossom which extends for miles as far as the eye can reach. Let us leave the enchantment of this charming sight, and pay a visit to the Gilroy Hot Springs, located in the southern portion of Santa Clara County. Stages await you at Gilroy, and after traveling twelve miles up, up, up in the mountains, one reaches the springs, where it is a pleasure to live and a regret to leave. Here are hot springs flowing five hundred gallons per minute of hot mineral water. The waters from these wonderful fountains of nature are 112 degrees of temperature and contain iron, soda, magnesia, sulphur, and traces of iodine, arsenic, and other valuable mineral properties. Thousands of marvelous cures have been effected by these waters, such as rheumatism, gout, lead and mercurial poisoning, alcoholism, kidney and liver troubles, bladder and urinary complaints, general debility, brain-fag, and nerve-fatigue, leaving the body as nature would have it. To the west of the valley we find, nestled in the foothills, the famous Congress Springs. At San Jose take the Interurban Electric car, which car- ries you through beautiful scenery, winding in and about the foothills, each turn in the road presenting a panorama which surpasses the last, and lands one at Congress Springs station. The springs proper are located about half a mile up the canon. The distance seems short while winding in and out about the trees and shrubbery — a veritable lovers' lane. The music of the stream trickling down among the rocks lends enchantment to the journey, and the deep quiet, broken here and there by the sweet notes of a wild canary or linnet, brings fancies of dreamland, till we reach a pagoda in a bower of green foliage. Here the bubbling soda-water rushes from the rocks into a concrete basin, and one may drink to his heart's content. An analysis plainly shows that the Congress Springs mineral waters contain much more tonic properties than the famous springs of Ems, Germany, and the German springs are reserved for royalty. The waters of these springs is valuable for table purposes; its action is mildly aperient, from the presence of Glauber and Epsom salts. To the east of the valley, about six miles from the center of San Jose, and reached by the Alum Rock Electric Railroad, is located the famous Alum Rock Park and Springs, which is a city reservation of one thousand acres. The park is controlled by a board of commissioners, to whom much credit is due for the many improvements, including a zoological garden. The park is being improved constantly with beautiful walks and drives, which in no way interfere with the growth of native trees and shrubbery, but serve only to convert this wild region into a natural park. Here we find sixteen mineral springs open to the public, and which in time must become of worldwide renown. At present the hotel accommo- dations are limited at the springs, which has led to the opening of health resorts outside the city reservation and near at hand in the foothills, where one may take the home and rest cure, and from an elevation of six hun- dred feet have a sweeping view of the entire valley and San Jose. THE SPRINGS OF MONTEREY COUNTY CHARLBS R. MELANDER Secretary SallnaM Board of Trade PROTECTED from the fogs of the Pacific, cozily tucked away in a snug little valley on the eastern slope of the Santa Lucia Mountains, lie the Paraiso Hot Springs, aptly termed the "Carlsbad of America." The Santa Lucia Mountains are among the most picturesque, and in various ways the most attractive, of the many remarkable mountain ranges of California. They lie between the beautiful Salinas Valley and the Pacific Ocean, and for more than a hundred years have been known as the home of the most wonderful health-giving springs of the world- The history of Paraiso Springs is exceedingly interesting. In the year 1791 King Carlos IV of Spain granted to the Mission Soledad twenty acres of land where the Paraiso Springs are now located. The priests in charge of the Mission planted a vineyard thereon, and used the hot soda and sulphur waters for the healing of the sick and afflict- ed. Finding the spot of great beauty and the waters full of life-giving and healing qualities, they fittingly called the place Paraiso, meaning Paradise. Paraiso Springs is only a five-hour ride from San Francisco, through three of the most fertile and beautiful agricultural valleys of the world — the Santa Clara, Pajaro, and Salinas. Nature in one of her jealous moods placed Tasajara Springs in a seclud- ed and almost inaccessible spot. Nestling in the summit of the Santa Lucia Range, and reached only by wagon road from Salinas City, fifty miles away, one would suppose that only the most hardy and venturesome would attempt the trip, yet so great is the medicinal virtues of her waters and so fascinating is the charm of her mountain scenery that yearly her stone hotel is crowded and accommodations booked months ahead. With fame only local, the cures effected here have been marvelous. No sufferer from dread rheumatism leaves here without relief, and the testimonials offered are almost beyond belief. The ride from Salinas, while long, is not tiresome, the beauty of the ever-changing mountain scenery fascinates and each unfolding vista pre- sents a never-failing source of wonder, reminding the traveler of the Swiss Alps or the grandeur of our own matchless Yosemite. The best proof of Tasajara's hold on the one-time visitors is that they all return. It may be years, yet the fever is in the blood, and sooner or later they all return. In the words of a returned visitor, "He who enters here leaves care behind." SPRINGS OF VENTURA COUNTY SIM MYERS IN Ventura County, about one hundred miles from Los Angeles and sixteen miles from the Coast, situated in the beautiful Matilija Canon, surrounded by the Santa Barbara Forest Reserve, is one of the most beautiful health and pleasure resorts in Southern California. At an altitude of one thousand feet above the sea, it is entirely surrounded by abrupt mountains, which tower to the height of two thousand feet above the grounds, perpetually clothed with a mantle of green. The clear, limpid waters of Matilija Creek, abounding with myriads of speckled beauties, flow down the bed of the canon, noisily rushing over rocks and ripples in their hurry to reach the sea. Shady nooks and cozy dells, beautified by picturesque waterfalls and sparkling streams, prolific with ferns of all varieties, the famous Matilija poppy and many other beautiful wild flowers blooming in their beauty upon the sunny slopes, all combine to make the surroundings a continuous scene of grandeur and beauty. There are I'nnumerable springs of hot and cold water, among the many the celebrated "Fountain of Life" spring, which has never been known to fail to afford relief to those afflicted with stomach, liver, and kidney troubles; "Mother Eve" spring, the use of whose waters is very beneficial for the relief of headache and nervous disorders; the wonderful Lithia spring, the analysis of which is almost identical with that of the famous spring of Carlsbad. Besides the many medicinal and mineral springs, there are numbers of springs of almost Ice-cold pure mountain water, clear as crystal, for domestic purposes. A cement reservoir, called Fern Lake, constructed on the north side of one of the abrupt mountains at about two hundred feet elevation above the grounds, is fed by several of these springs, and the water is conducted through the grounds to drinking fountains and buildings for domestic use. There is a large swimming plunge, 40x100 feet, besides numerous nicely furnished rooms for hot tub baths. Recreations and amusements are supplied in a fine bowling alley, bil- liard-room, croquet grounds, horseback riding over the numerous scenic mountain trails, deer hunting, quail and dove shooting, and excellent trout fishing in season. A well-equipped livery stable is maintained at the resort, where all kinds of conveyances, saddle horses, and pack animals can be hired at all times. There is a general supply store, stocked with the best of everything in the market, a regular postoffice, long-distance telephone, and daily mail. This beautiful resort is easy of access, being reached by taking a branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad at Ventura for Nordhoff, situated in the famous Ojai Valley; thence a six-mile ride in the old-fashioned stage- coach to destination. MINERAL SPRINGS OF CONTRA COSTA COUNTY J. E. HUGHES IN addition to the many other natural advantages of Contra Costa County — her excellent climate, soil, and superb location on the deep waters of San Francisco Bay — her mineral springs are unsurpassed by those of any other county in the State, or Indeed in America. The more Important of these are the Byron Hot Springs, situated in the eastern end of the county, and the Alhambra Mineral Springs, near Martinez, the county seat. The former is within three hours' and the latter within one and one-half hours' ride by automobile from Oakland, and both are on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway. The Byron Hot Springs are situated sixty-eight miles from San Francisco, east of the twin peaks of Mt. Diablo, which rise from the plain in a direct line between the springs and the city. Before those grim sentinels of the valley first burst upon the gaze of civilized man, the hot springs and mud baths of Byron were known and used by the Indians for the cure or amelioration of their various ills; since the coming of, first, the Spaniard, and then the "gringo," they have become increasingly popular as their curative properties have become more and more widely known. At the present time the Byron Hot Springs are conducted as both a watering-place and a sanitarium. A fine modern hotel furnishes enter- tainment for guests, with all the comforts and conveniences made possible by science, one wing being set apart for invalids needing special care and nursing. To make the time pass pleasantly there are provided billiard- tables, tennis lawns, croquet-grounds, besides riding, driving, automobiling and swimming. It Is becoming a custom for San Franciscans to run over to the springs for the week-end, to rest and refresh themselves with the waters and baths. / The principal springs for drinking purposes are the hot salt water, which is pumped from a well at a temperature of 135 deg. F., and which is a mild laxative and is invaluable as a remedy for all disorders oftheo^;^, stomach and bowels; and the liver and kidney water, which is of much the^"""^ same analysis as the hot salt water, but is cold and is strongly diuretic in its action. The baths are the hot salt, mud, sulphur, plunge, and gas plunge. The hot salt water is pumped to the bathing establishment on the ground floor of the main hotel building and also to many of the suites of the hotel, which it reaches at a temperature of from 110 deg. F. to 115 deg. F. These and the mud baths are valuable remedies in all rheumatic diseases. The Alhambra Mineral Springs are situated at the head of the pic- turesque Alhambra Valley, six miles from Martinez, the county seat of Contra Costa County, and the property of which they form a part consists of one hundred and ninety acres of beautifully wooded country diversified by hills and ferny canons. It is an ideal spot for a health and pleasure resort, and it is hoped that the owners will soon develop the property along that line. At present they are devoting their energies to introducing the product of the springs as a table water, and so well are they succeeding that it is rapidly becoming a leader on the market, not only in California, but in Arizona, Mexico, and the Hawaiian Islands, to all of which regular ship- ments are made. The Alhambra mineral water has a natural supply of bicarbonates, which adds agreeably to its pleasant taste, and it is sold both in its natural state and also charged with additional carbonic-acid gas. The minerals in the water have a soothing effect upon the lining of the digestive organs, and it is a valuable remedy for rheumatism and disorders of the stomach. IAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Coast Counties BLIAS SQ,UIRES, Glbsonville Sierra Counties LEW^IS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist BLLW^OOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passencer Trafflc Manager Southern Paelfle Company W. A. BIS SELL Assistant Passencer Traffic Manaser Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President 'Western Paelfle Railway E. W. GILLETT Grcneral Passenger Acent San Pedro, Loa Anselea and Salt Lake Railroad Company R. X. RYAN General Passencer Asent California Northwestern Pacific 8. H. SMITH Genernl Passencer Axent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KERRBLL tJeneral Passenger A^ent Pacific Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passencrer Aarent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNANW General Passenser Affent Pacific Coast Steamship Company FINANCE COMMITTEE W^ILLIAM. U GERSTLE, Chairman I. W. HELLMAN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDBR FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. JOHN BIARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Ckalrm JAMES K. ARMSBY WILLIAM MATSON W^. S. PORTER JAMES ROLPH, JR. RECEPTION COMMITTEE 'WILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairauin HERBERT E. LAW^ LOUIS ROSENFBLD HERBERT FLEISHHACKER P. H. McCarthy Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and seventy-three commercial •rsaaiaatioi threoghout California, with a membership of more than thirty thousand. I BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee APRIL 30, 1907 FOK a year all California lias been looking forward to the month of April, as if it might be a erueial one in the con- ditions of the State. April has come and gone with no decrease in advancement, and with a general upward tendency in all lijies of industry. San . Francisco, San Jose and Santa Rosa, the three cities which suffered greatest one year ago. have all shown wonderful progress, while other cities throughout the State have gone steadily onward, adding in basiness and popu- lation. Reports from all parts of the fetate to The California Pro- motion Committee show that there has been great increase in popu- lation, a large part of which has settled in the agricultural dis- tricts. Ooj) conditions have a much better outlook than a month ago. With the exception of wheat and other cereals in the flooded dis- tricts, prunes in the Santa Clara valley, and apricots, indications point to better crops everywhere than in IflOG. Reports from the northern and southern counties of the great interior valley say that the fruit crop will be especially heavy in everything except apricots. From the counties south of the Tehachapi reports say all fruit croi)s will be fine. Similar reports come from tJie coast '•'•unties. Demand for lalxn-, especially in the agricultural districts, \\ here the coming fruif crop will call for thousands of hands, con- tiiuies strong, and both men and women can find immediate employ- ment. In factorie.ne hand, and the wild mountain camps almost within sight of them, on the other. Or the Tamalpais Tavern, with its cuisine and city comforts, Rooking down on many a gulch and canon where the deer seek cover and le camper dreams himself alone. Also transportation affords a similar jhoice. Noble caravansaries there are in the State where the weary are deposited on the hotel steps, as it were, by the passing train; and there ire far-hidden rendezvous at the termination of miles of trail — delicious rysting places with Nature herself, alone — that may be attained only by le rugged resort of pack-train and saddle. And then there is the com- >romise between the two, represented by the scores of charming inns of le mountains, reached by stage — sometimes but a mile or two from the tation, sometimes at the end of two days' muscle-racking journey. Mountain-climbers will head for Shasta, or the Tallac country, or the trails of Mt. Wilson. Or those who really mean it will start in for the uncer- tain trails of Inyo, where Mt. Whitney lifts its head, unrivaled in all the United States for altitude. In the far north, Mt. Shasta, nearly as high as Whitney, and bearing aloft two thousand feet of summer snow, combines the attractions of the wilderness and civilization after the manner of the Swiss Alps. For here are to be enjoyed the ample comforts of a good hotel in conjunction with such facilities as guides and alpenstocks for the climb up the snow-fields, in an ascent which falls in the same class with that of Mt. Blanc. After ail is said, the unique charm of California's mountains lies in the pure abandon which they invite. There are opportunities for white frocks and starched linen, for those who know no other way, but the great range of the loafing spots of the State are kinder to the rough-and-ready wardrobe of corduroys and hobnails. And with all this magnificent incentive to outdoor days and nights we can readily accept the scientist's suggestion that California, by virtue of her geographic controls, is destined to breed a race of bigger men. SHASTA SPRINGS T. J. NOLTON Secretary of the Sisklyon County Cbamber of Commerce Y>U do not have to come to Siskiyou County to drink water from the famous Shasta Springs, for seven hundred and fifty thousand gal- lons of it is bottled annually and shipped along the coast as far north as British America and as far south as Mexico. These springs are situated in the Grand Canon of the Sacramento River, about eight miles above Siskiyou's southern boundary. Each of the passenger trains passing through the canon during the daytime, and as late as 10 or 11 o'clock at night, stops for ten minutes to give passengers an opportunity to fill up on soda water. There are few readers of this article residing on the Pacific Coast who have not followed the crowd to the concrete basin under the beautiful pavilion and had a refreshing drink of Nature's finest brew. Situated in the same canon with the springs just described are the Upper Soda Springs, together with a roomy and comfortable hotel, the property of John Masson, the manager. This is the oldest resort in the county, having been established for more than forty years. For a quarter of a century this spring was one of the many places of interest on the long stage ride from the Sacramento Valley to Oregon, and its refreshing water revived many a weary traveler. Since the advent of the railroad it has grown in popularity. There are several springs in the canon, but none more popular or beneficial than the cold effervescent waters of these springs situated within a few steps of the hotel. Five miles south of Sisson and two miles west of Cantara, in a glen which leads west from the head of the Grand Canon of the Sacramento River, the celebrated Ney Springs are situated. There are two of them, both of the sulphur family. The water of the white sulphur spring is pronounced by experts the finest water of its kind in the northern part of California, but the water from the main spring is a medicine, and is only used as such and for bathing. The main spring is making a great reputation for itself in the cure of rheumatism, cutaneous disease, stomach troubles, and malarial ailments. Some wonderful cures have been made there, and the testimony of the patients has been the only advertising the management has sought. At these springs the improvements are in their first stages, and the owners are of the impression and believe that it is best for all who come there to live as near to Nature as possible. The surroundings are as wild and grand as can well be desired. The springs are landlocked on three sides by a giant cliff and high mountains covered with tall timber. The Garretson Springs are situated on the southern slope of the Siski- you Mountains, on the West Fork of Beaver Creek, near a quicksilver mine. These springs have been visited and camped around by Indians from time immemorial, and their waters are as efficacious for the cure of blood dis- orders as are the Hot Springs of Arkansas. The accommodations of the place are limited, and a large number of the patrons of the Springs go there prepared to camp; in the late spring, during the whole summer, and early in autumn the place presents the appearance of a camp-meeting. The springs are reached by trail from Cole's Station on the California and Ore- gon Railroad; a ride of twenty miles will take you there. They are reached also by vehicle from Hornbrook or Yreka, via the Quigley ranch on the Klamath River; the distance from either starting-point is forty-five miles. There is no better known health resort in the State than the Klamath Hot Springs, in the northern part of Siskiyou County. The springs are situated in the narrow valley, through which Klamath River plunges on its wild career to the sea. The mud-house, the steam and sulphur bath-house are down on a peat or mud-flat of about an acre in extent near the river. The whole flat is naturally heated from beneath, and numerous hot springs near by furnish a bountiful supply of mineral water for tub baths and a shower for each of the bathrooms. The steam from a very hot spring under one of the buildings is confined and conducted into a cabinet where one can enjoy a luxurious vapor bath, followed, as one may desire, by a cold shower bath or tub bath, or by both. The springs are recommended by leading physicians as of great value for the cure of rheumatism, liver and kidney troubles, catarrh, dyspepsia, and other ills. There is a fine three- story stone hotel run in connection with the springs. The resort can be reached during the months of May to October, inclusive, by a stage leaving Ager, on the California and Oregon Railroad, immediately upon the arrival of Train Number 16 (north bound). The distance to the springs is nineteen miles, seven of which are along the beautiful Klamath River. At all times during the year passengers can leave the cars at Thrall, and at 7:35 a. m. go by Klamath Lake Railroad to Klamath Springs Junction, where a con- veyance from the springs will meet them if arranged for beforehand. The hotel has long-distance telephone connections. On main Beaver Creek, near its confluence with the Klamath River, the Curtiss Mineral Springs are located. The waters possess great curative properties, to which numerous rheumatism and catarrh patients can testify. Visitors to the springs should go prepared to camp or arrange for board at a neighboring farmhouse, the home of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Curtiss. The place can be reached by vehicle and team from either Yreka or Hornbrook, or by stage and a short horseback ride from Yreka. Eight miles east from Montague the Little Shasta Mineral Springs are situated. For many years they have enjoyed a fine local reputation, and are visited annually by a number of picnic parties and by the people from the adjoining country, and the water is carried away for home use. Fine soda springs are located at Warm Castle, Thelma Heights, and Shasta Retreat. The Warm Castle Springs are situated two miles south of the sawmill town of McCloud. The spring on the road to Thelma Heights is in the Sacramento River Canon, as is the spring at Shasta Retreat. RIVERSIDE'S MOUNTAIN RESORTS THOMAS C. EVANS WHILE this county has not so many resorts as some others, the character of the one we have makes it stand in bold relief as compared with many other resorts of a similar nature. Idylwild, located on the altitudinous heights of Mt. San Jacinto, is a glorious place to spend the heated days of summer, and the purity of its waters is remarkable. Situated in Strawberry Valley, about twelve miles from Hemet by stage, the resort is easy of access, compara- tively speaking, although no one would want to go to a resort devoid of some wild and romantic adventures. The stage ride to Idylwild furnishes just that touch of the old days which is so interesting. The balsamic pines give one the "spices of Arabia," as the cool breezes waft the odors across the canon, as well as health, filling the lungs with healing ozone. To sleep on these heights on a pine-needle pillow and take the balsamic draught into the lungs invigorates one as nothing else can do. Idylwild has a delightful bungalow hotel, open in summer, and numer- ous cottages with all the modern conveniences. One going to Idylwild must provide his own house furnishings or arrange for the same with the management. This resort is well patronized by all the southern part of California, and is visited by many people in July, August, and September. The visitor may hunt or fish to his heart's content, as game and fish are abundant, and one has only to comply with the laws when doing either. To reach Idylwild one must take the Santa Fe to Hemet, and proceed thence by stage at a slight cost. Arrangements should be made previously for cottage accommo- dation to insure occupancy. No grander mountain resorts "far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife" can be found in California than Idylwild. MOUNTAIN RESORTS OF HUMBOLDT GEIORGS: A. KBL.L.OGG Secretary of the Humboldt Cbamber ot Coximerce LEAVING Eureka by the train running over the tracks of the North- western Pacific Railroad, a jaunt of some fifteen miles southerly brings one to Greig's, a favorite resort of the disciple of old Izaak Walton. A little over two miles further by rail is Fortuna, a thriving little town of some 1,600 people, where two good hotels furnish accommodations for the angler or the idler. Three miles more and the town of Alton is reached, and across Eel River at a distance of about two miles is Weymouth's, best known of all the fishing resorts of Humboldt. Five miles up Eel River, and still along the line of railway, but on the opposite side of the river, is Rio Dell, on Eagle Prairie. Here a' good country hotel is maintained, and the opportunities for outings are abundant; fishing, hunting, picnicking in endless variety and under the most favorable conditions. On Eel River above Rio Dell several resorts are maintained, — Englewood, Bryan's Rest, Dyerville, — each offering the usual fishing and hunting attrac- tions, combined with fine air and healthful country diet. From Dyerville up the South Fork of Eel River by stage, several fine outing places are reached. Myers' ranch, some six miles from Dyerville, is a most delightful nook, and at Garberville and Briceland accommodations and opportunities for the enjoyment of a mountain outing are plentiful and satisfactory. From Alton, should the traveler prefer to go further into the interior of the county, the road up the Van Duzen leads to outing possibilities innumerable. At Carlotta (four miles). Strong's (twelve miles), Rogers (nineteen miles), Bridgeville (twenty-four miles), Blocksburg (forty-nine miles) hotel accommodations are sufficient and reasonable, and the oppor- tunities for camping out innumerable. All the points named are reached by stage from Carlotta, the terminus of the railroad. Should the seeker for a summer outing prefer to leave railroads and main-traveled ways farther aside and plunge more promptly into Nature's solitudes, a short journey by wagon directly east from Eureka leads to Kneeland's, to McBride's, to laqua; and a short horseback trip from either of these places brings the summer sojourner into the absolute wilds of Eastern Humboldt. Northward from Eureka, Korbel, Mitchell's, Trinidad, Big Lagoon, Orick, Berry's, Willow Creek, Hoopa Valley all afford rest for the weary and mountain air and scenery such as instil new strength and hope into the worn refugees from the city's turmoil and attrition. Big Lagoon, with its con- comitants, Stone Lagoon and Freshwater Lagoon, some forty miles north of Eureka along the coast, is especially noted as an early fishing resort. Here the steelhead and the half-pound trout first show a disposition to rise to the fly or fall victims to the lure of the troll. And few Humboldt anglers allow the early season to slip by without at least one trip to the Lagoons. MOUNTAIN CAMPS AROUND PASADENA D. W. COOLIDGE Secretary of the Paiiadena Board of Trade ROUGHLY speaking, there are at least twelve mountain resorts tribu- tary to Pasadena, and these may be as roughly divided into two groups, according as they cluster around the one or the other of the two chief mountain peaks, Mt. Wilson and Mt. Lowe, of the adjacent range. In the Mt. Wilson group may be placed the Mt. Wilson Hotel and Cottages, Strain's Camp, Martin's Camp, Orchard Camp, Schneider's Camp, Carter's Camp, and Sturtevant's Camp. In the Mt. Lowe group may be placed Ye Alpine Tavern, Echo Mountain, Chaney's Camp, Camp Merriam, and Switzer's Camp. This cannot be given as an absolutely complete list, but as containing the most important and best- known camps. On the summit of Mt. Wilson, 5,886 feet above sea-level and within a few hundred feet of the buildings of the Carnegie Institution's Solar Observatory, where is being erected accommodation for the world's greatest telescope, stands the Mt. Wilson Hotel, with its two-score cottages and amusement casino, hotel conveniences, and table of the very highest grade. A short distance to the north, sheltered by the mighty pines and cedars with which the summit and northern slope of the mountain are still covered, lies Strain's Camp. The log casino, camp store, and long rows of tent houses are grouped conveniently around the splendid spring which provides the purest and sweetest of water to the whole summit. A mile from the summit on the trail leading toward the south perches Martin's Camp. This was the principal resort on the mountain trail until the recent com- pletion of the hotel and cottages on the summit. Half way down the Old Trail, or about four miles from its foot, is located Orchard Camp, a resort of growing popularity. A camp store, convenient cottages, and an abun- dance of water for all purposes are proving attractive features. Near the foot of the Old Trail and a short distance to the east is Carter's Camp. This is one of the most easily reached from the valley and its picturesque groups of cottages are in growing demand. From the foot of this same trail, as well as from Strain's Camp on the summit, lead trails to Sturte- vant's Camp, at the head of the Big Santa Anita Canon. It is located In the very midst of the wildest and most delightful mountain scenery. The Old Trail up Mt. Wilson starts from near Sierra Madre, reached by electric car from Pasadena, and is the most attractive route up the mountain. But another trail up the mountain starts at the mouth of Eaton Canon, three miles to the northeast of Pasadena. This is chiefly a pack trail, but It is a favorite with many. Half way up this trail, in a tree-covered slope, is Schneider's Camp, where summer's accommodation may be secured. The first of the Mt. Lowe group is naturally enough Ye Alpine Tavern. This unique all-the-year-round hostelry is unquestionably one of the best- known mountain resorts in the world, its accessibility from the valley and the marvelous scenery with which it is surrounded having been the theme of artists and writers from all over the country for years. It offers every convenience of the great hotels of the valley. It is 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, and life there possesses a charm which is unequaled any- where on the footstool. It is surrounded by tent cottages for the use of those who desire to sleep within canvas walls. At the head of the wonderful inclined railway, leading upwards from Rubio Canon, are the buildings surmounting the Echo Mountain. At the present time there is no hotel here, the famous structure which accommodated so many tourists in years past having been destroyed by fire. One mile west of Echo Mountain lie two beautiful camps, destined to become noteworthy in the next few years. Chaney's Camp, nearer the face of the range. Is reached by trail from Millard's Canon and is a comfortable collection of well-built cottages. Farther out on the ridge, and so placed as to obtain an almost unrivaled view of mountains, valley, and Old Ocean, lies Camp Merriam. The last of the Mt. Lowe group to be named is Switzer's Camp. This lies twelve miles from Pasadena, up the wonderful Arroyo Seco Canon and at an altitude of 3,500 feet. During the summer months a stage runs to and from the foot of the burro trail leading to the camp, and its manage- ment carries guests all the way to the camp in a little over three hours. At Switzer's there are cottages delightfully located amid the most entranc- ing of virgin forests. There is fishing and shooting and well-ordered entertainment. MOUNT TAMALPAIS 1 MT. TAMALPAIS is situated just north of the entrance to the Golden Gate within a distance of less than two hours' ride from San Fran- cisco. Although but about half a mile in height (2,592 feet), It commands a view of the mountains, bays, and ocean which is unsurpassed from any other mountain peak In the world. From the summit of Mt. Tamalpais you can get the actual height, right from the level of the sea, while from most of the moutain peaks, which may be higher in actual elevation, you do not get the expanse of view on account of the surrounding hills and valleys being also of a high elevation. It was on account of Mt. Tamalpais standing as a sentinel overlooking the entrance to the Golden West that the Mt. Tamalpais Scenic Railway was built in 1896, so as to give all an opportunity of beholding a never to be forgotten panorama of mountain scenery, ever picturesque, ever chang- ing, ever new. There are 281 curves in a distance of 8 1-5 miles, during which there is an ascent of about 2,500 feet, nearly a half mile, the steepest grade being about seven per cent. If in following the tortuous course the curves had been continuous, there would be forty-two complete circles made. The longest straight piece of track is but 41 3 feet. Immediately upon leaving Mill Valley the road enters a fine forest of redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), for which California is famous, and wind- ing through the beautiful canon of Blithedale, along its ever-flowing creek, past numerous suburban homes, with their pretty ponds and lakes, and Marsh's Japanese Village with its quaint Oriental houses. Crossing the head of the canon the road swings back, gradually rising until there are no trees to obstruct the view except where wooded canons are crossed, filled with redwoods, madronos, oaks, and laurels, lending a pleasant variety to the trip and preparing for the next outburst of the panorama on a broader scale. Curving through the canons, looking down their steep sides, the road crosses over Slide Gulch, through McKinley Cut, around Summit Avenue, into Mill Valley Canon, the vast panorama expand- ing every moment as the Bay of San Francisco opens out. Mt. Diablo in the east slowly pushes all its great bulk above the Coast Range. The mountain features are wonderful. To the south we overlook the mountains of the Santa Cruz Range, and behold dark Loma Prieta fifty-odd miles away, and Mt. Hamilton with its Lick Observatory. Winding around the edges of grand canons, we see far below us the different curves in the serpentine road. Nearing the end of our journey the road turns in an easterly direction, and there bursts upon us one of the grandest panoramas of the whole trip, as it is here that we have the first view of the country to the north. The gray volcanic cone of Mt. St. Helena lifts its graceful summit to view, and the huge basaltic cliffs that flank it on the right are easily discern- ible fifty-six miles away, while at our feet is beautiful Lagunitas, the water supply of San Rafael, San Anselmo with its theological colleges of gray stone, and San Rafael resting gracefully on a broad slope. YOSEMITE VALLEY )SEMITE lies in the heart of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, about 1 50 miles from San Francisco as the crow flies, a little south of east in direction, its elevation about the center of the valley 4,000 feet above sea-level. In form it is somewhat irregular, and its trend is northeast and southwest. It is closed at the upper or eastern end, partially open at the other, forming thus a vast cul-de-sac. Its length is about seven miles, and its width from a half to one and a quarter miles. The valley has recently been receded by the State of California to the United States, and will hereafter be taken care of by the National Govern- ment as one of its system of national parks. The original grant was fifteen miles in length, and in width "one mile back from the main edge of the precipice on each side of the valley." The recession of this territory now places it on a par with the Yellowstone National Park in all matters of management and improvement, and the fostering care and generosity of the Government will doubtless greatly increase the facilities for seeing and enjoying this beautiful and unrivaled region. The floor of the valley is nearly level, the Merced River, which flows through it, falling about sixty-three feet in its course. More than 3,000 acres are meadow and pasture, and trees and groves make of it a natural park. The walls which shut it in are nearly perpendicular. They are remarkable at once for their great height, their vertical character, and the little talus or debris at their feet. This is part of the charm of this great valley. Its floor is not a chaos of fallen rocks. Green grove, emerald meadow, flowery pasture, crystal river, crowd up to the solid white feet of lofty precipices, and one looks up at an angle of ninety degrees to moutain summits 3,000 to 5,000 feet above him in the zenith. From the twentieth- story window of the Masonic Temple, Chicago, you look down three hundred feet to the street below. From Glacier Point you look down the perpendicular wall of granite 3,234 feet to the Valley floor. One says: "If the Masonic Temple were placed in the valley we should see only a tiny rectangle indicating the roof. If another Masonic Temple were placed on top of the first and another on top of the second, and another and another until we had five, even then the accumulated height would scarcely be discernible from Glacier Point above. On top of these five "sky-scrapers" add Washington's Monument (555 feet) and on Its capstone add the Eiffel Tower (984 feet), and still we look down two hundred feet to the top of the Eiffel Tower. How trivial are the works of man when set beside just one rock of the Grand Architect of the Universe." You cannot find Yosemite in literature, and only suggestions of it in art. Neither the camera nor the brush of the painter can give you the radiant atmosphere in which in midsummer the valley lies, the play of light and shadow on granite wall and tumbling cataract, nor the overpowering sense of massiveness and grandeur. You must stand on the heights and take in the whole amazing composite picture, or look up the sheer walls from the valley floor, where glorious waterfalls seem to drop from the blue sky, to realize that there is a time for silence, and a place where speech is almost an impertinence. If you can see but one place in California, by all means let that one place be Yosemite. No words, spoken or written, or painting by a master hand, can interpret its sublimity. LAKE TAHOE LAKE TAHOE, the "High Water" of the Indians, is about twenty-one miles long by twelve miles wide, and lies partly in California and part- ly in Nevada. The pass over which the Southern Pacific crosses the Range is 7,01 7 feet above the sea, and the lake is at an elevation of 6,225 feet. The depression in which it lies is from 1,500 to 4,000 feet below the summit peaks, and the bottom of the lake over 2,000 feet lower still. The size of this "Gitchee Gumee" of the Sierra — this "shining big sea water" — makes it a striking object in the landscape at a distance, while near at hand its majestic proportions here among the encroaching moun- tains. Its splendid color, its great unsounded depth, the grandeur of its mountain setting, and the beauty of its bays and all its shore lines excite every one's admiration. Stay by it a few days; note the changes of ex- pression on the face of the waters; watch the rare cloud effects thrown back as from a mirror, or the blue sky, or the green-forested hills; see the most glorious sunsets you have ever known, or watch the full moon come up over the shadowy summits and light up the lake, and you are a clod If you do not feel the unequaled beauty of Tahoe. In this depression between the summit ridges lie most of the Sierra lakes. They are known as glacial lakes, and John Muir thinks there are fifteen hundred of them that may be counted, including only those that rise above the dignity of ponds. The largest of them all, and perhaps the most beautiful mountain lake in the world, is Tahoe. As is fitting, it has in its immediate neighborhood many lesser lakes, jewels studding the outcropping bedrock — star-points on the margin of this patch of blue sky dropped on the Sierra granite. The night ride from San Francisco in a Pullman has its compensations. If we miss the topography of the mountains, we are at the summit by daylight, and get off at Truckee for a leisurely breakfast. Then the Narrow Gauge of the Lake Tahoe Railway and Transportation Company whisks us up the little valley of the Truckee River for fourteen miles, and without a glimpse of the lake, sets us down on its shimmering margin at the door of a great hotel among the pines. Much of the margin of the lake is lined with summer hotels and private homes, and these will multiply as time goes on. This is one of the great playgrounds of the world, and civilization will invade it and summer cities grow upon its banks; but the forest will hide them and the air of the virgin solitude will hear no clank of machinery or sound of toil. Tahoe is yet of the wilderness, and this is its chief charm. It is at the doors of cities, easy of access and hospitable, provided with the comforts of a luxury-loving age, while preserving the virtues of the simple life and freedom from the scrambling conceits of over-refinement. The lake itself is uncontaminated and the region is wild and primeval, invested with a sense of remoteness and brooded over by the spirit of solitude, and you may, if you will, become part of the inarticulate life of Nature. "In somer, when the shawes be sheyne And leves be large and longe." it is health of body and mind to get away from the frictions of civilized life into primitive conditions; and of a thousand charming places up and down the great Range, I know of none where one can more easily fall in with the large harmonies of Nature than here beside this sweet water distilled among the giant hills. 10 OUTINGS IN SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY E. P. UNANGST OF mountain resorts as such, where hotel accommodations may be had, there is none in San Luis Obispo County. Nevertheless the observer will note that each year the knowing ones, loaded with provisions, blankets, fishing-tackle, shotgun and rifle, disappear. For a time lost to their friends and the world, in due season they reappear well labeled with freckle and tan. Their exhaustless stories of trout, venison, and small game, of good times had, of mountain trails explored, the visible evidences of reinvigorated mind and body, all prove the fact that San Luis Obispo County offers to the lover of Nature and Nature's ways some of the choicest entertainments. At present we confine ourselves with two exceptions to those places where hotel accommodations may be had. First among these is the little city at the head of the Salinas Valley, Paso de Robles. The very name "Pass of the Oaks," carries us back at once to the days of the "Camino del Rey," when the weary traveler, journeying from the south after crossing the Santa Lucia range, found himself in this great natural park, miles in extent. Magnificent oaks in every direction, the undulating country inter- spersed with rougher hills was a very paradise awaiting the coming of civilization. But the chief attraction was the warm sulphur waters gushing from the earth. These, with the adjoining warm mud-baths were already famous among the Indians for their healing qualities. When the settlement began they furnished the nucleus for the present thriving city. Here has since been erected the worldwide advertised Hotel Paso de Robles, where every want that mortal man can have, whether in search of health or amusement and relaxation, is promptly supplied. The new bath-house, one of the most luxurious and best equipped of modern times, built by the hotel company, the mud-baths in connection therewith, and the completely equipped municipal bath-house recently built by the city, afford every opportunity for enjoying the healing waters. It is not only the contorted rheumatic cripple, who, literally throwing away his crutches, arises and walks, that seeks this favored spot. The warm, salubrious climate, the beautiful panorama of surrounding hill and valley country, the attractions of game for the hunter and sportsman, the oppor- tunity for riding and driving in valley, plain, and picturesque canon draw thousands annually to this beautiful place. Newsome Springs must next be visited. Situate In the Arroyo Grande Valley some five or six miles from the ocean, very different conditions obtain. Removed from the ocean, surrounded by hills, a warm inland climate is found. Family accommodations for a limited number may be had, or one of the half-dozen or more old-fashioned quaint cottages, with their rough rustic fireplaces may be rented. The sheltered seclusion in the hills, the warm, mild climate, the salubrious sulphur baths, peculiarly beneficial for certain troubles, the exclusion from the world at large, the nearness of the base of supplies, the diversified surroundings of richest farming, orchard, and garden, woodland scene and near-by mountain range, all form a part of the charm of a summer vacation that will linger In the memory long after the reality has passed. Sycamore Springs, within a few miles of San Luis Obispo, also offers great attractions for an outing. Some years since, while exploring for oil, a strong flow of warm white sulphur water was encountered. The search for oil was abandoned. Commodious hotels, cottages, and bath-houses were erected. Under the able management of the present owners, through- out the year the springs are visited by a steady succession of pleasure or health seekers to enjoy the luxurious and highly medicinal waters. Situate on the inland side of a lofty wooded hill, surrounded by magnificent syca- mores, beautiful cottonwoods, willows, and live-oaks, a sylvan scene, the eye is pleased, and the mind and body of the tourist Is rested. Yet in a short twenty minutes' ride you stand on the shores of the blue Pacific, and the scene is changed from inland beauty to that of ocean grandeur. 11 THE MOUNTAINS OF^SONOMA COUNTY A. R. WATERS Secretary of the Santa Rosa Chamber of Commerce THERE is probably no other county In California where there are not noted attractions where so many people go during the summer months for an outing as to "Imperial Sonoma," with its wide range of mountains, valleys, ocean beach, and giant redwoods along the interior streams. Strictly speaking, there are no mountain resorts, although many of the choice summering spots are nestled away in a mountainous district along the banks of some of the many streams which water the fertile valleys of the county. There are no more beautiful spots in the State than can be found along the banks of the Russian River from its entrance into the county above Cloverdale until it empties into the Pacific Ocean on the west coast about halfway between the north and south boundaries. The river winds its way in and out around mountains the entire length, and on its banks have been established many summer resorts where one may have all the wildness of nature with all the comforts of civilization. There are also many places where one can go and be alone with nature, if he so desires. The California Geysers in the northeast corner of Sonoma County afford one of the most attractive spots for a summer outing to be found anywhere in America. The wild stage ride over a range of the coast moun- tains is a fitting introduction to the wonders to be found when the Geysers are finally reached. There are sufficient attractions within walking distance of the hotel to keep one interested for weeks, while bathing, fishing, and hunting afford added pleasures for the healthy and health for the sick. Hot, cold, and medicated baths are to be found in abundance prepared by Nature without the assistance of man. The highest peak of this coast range is Geyser Peak, south of the Geysers several miles. All in and around this country are fine places for summer homes and camping grounds. Going west from the railroad at any point in Sonoma County north of Santa Rosa one will find ideal con- ditions for summer outings. Guerneville, Guernewood Park, Eagle's Nest, Monte Sano, Russian River Heights, Camp Vacation, Bohemia Grove, Oc- cidental, Camp Meeker, Duncan's Mills, and other places along the lines of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad are located in mountainous country covered with the great redwood forests which make life a dream and com- fort during the days set aside for rest and recreation. There are fine opportunities for purchasing land for summer homes along Russian River. Many tracts have been laid out for this special purpose, and owing to its convenience to San Francisco is rapidly being taken up by business men of the metropolis. These send their families out for the summer as early as possible, and then commute either daily or for Sundays and holidays to and from the camp or summer home. As there are no rains during the summer months, the expense of fitting up a con- venient summer lodge, bungalow, or camp need not cost any great amount. The owners of such property, however, who make permanent improvements are assured more than expenses every year if they rent to others who desire to get away for a short time and do not own a site. Hundreds of families in Sonoma County have made suitable arrange- ments for the accommodation of a number of summer visitors on their ranches or city homes and make a neat income by taking visitors at reason- able rates for a few weeks at a time. These places are to be found in all parts of the county, and the Northwestern Pacific Railroad each year issues a booklet entitled "Vacation," in which all such places and the regular re- sorts are advertised free of charge. These booklets are to be had for the asking of the company at their San Francisco offices, and are a great convenience for communication between the prospective summer visitor and those whose places are open to receive them. The booklet gives a large range of prices and advantages for the visitor to select from. la THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY JOS. T. BROOKS Secretary of the San Jo«e Chamber of Commerce WHILE Santa Clara County is noted for its famous Santa Clara Valley, with miles of orchards, millions of fruit trees, gardens of exquisite beauty, and wild flowers in profusion, beautiful rides, drives, and homes, it is none the less attractive for the beautiful mountain scenery and many fine streams of pure crystal water abounding with rainbow trout, the delight of the fisherman. A three-hour stage ride from San Jose reaches Smith's Creek Hotel, which is located twenty miles from San Jose and six miles from the Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton. It is six miles by roadway to the Lick Observatory from Smith's Creek, and if one desires to climb the mountain a trail has been cut direct from Smith's Creek to Lick Observatory, two and a half miles in length, and reaches direct to the summit, 4,209 feet above sea-level, while Smith's Creek is 2,000 feet elevation. This resort is located upon the banks of Smith's Creek. The pure mountain air at this elevation is dry and crisp and one may inhale the ozone to the fullest capacity and feel the benefit of the trip immediately. To get away from the city and feel the freedom of the hills is a pleasure and well worth the trip. Another famous mountain resort in Santa Clara County is the Gilroy Hot Springs. Here natural remedies stay the hand of disease and infuse into the worn-out system new vim and vigor. A few weeks of this quiet and absolute rest combined with the medicinal properties of the mineral waters makes one feel anew. The section in and about Los Gates, which is located in the foothills in the western section of Santa Clara County, is generously supplied with many mountain resorts. Los Gates may be reached by the Southern Pacific Railway, and from this city in the hills you may immediately plunge into the forest districts and find many homes where a few guests are welcome and enjoy the home life with an abundance of good, pure butter, milk, and other eatables raised upon the place. One, for instance, is Raymonds, located but a short distance from Los Gates, and another, called Camp Alabama, which immediately suggests the expression of "Here we rest." Los Gates has two resorts located within its limits, and the cUmatic conditions are perfect, while the beauty of landscape is not sur- passed in the world. From the main railroad station at San Jose, the interurban electric car-line goes direct to Congress Springs via Saratoga, which is located in a beautiful spot at an elevation of about five hundred feet. Here we find a hotel of modern pretensions situated in a basin with mountains and hills round about on every side. Take a walk of half a mile over the trail to the famous springs, where you find pure soda bubbling from the rocks at your disposal, free for the taking. This is indeed a place of beauty and a health- giving portion of this wonderful Santa Clara County. To the south of San Jose on the main line is located Madrone Station. From this point Mrs. Vic Poncelet will have her carriage team meet you and travel up into the hills over the Llagas Road, which winds in and about and parallels the Llagas Creek. The trip to this resort is about ten miles from the station and the scenery is superb. The entire mountain sections are dotted here and there with many resorts too numerous to mention in this space. Their popularity is increasing from year to year because of their nearness to the larger cities and their direct communication by telephone, so that if necessity requires one may in a few hours step from the density of a forest or mountain stream into the activity of a thriving city. 18 PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS THE railroad to Yosemite Valley is nearing completion, and fifteen hundred men are rushing the work. It is expected that traffic will be opened by the beginning of May. Near Los Bancs, in Merced County, one of the largest dairying tracts in California is being divided into ten-, twenty-, and forty-acre farms. San Diego recently voted bonds to the amount of $795,000 for city improvements. In Glenn County the subdivision of large holdings into ten-, twenty-, and forty-acre tracts has created a very active market. Nine hundred and eighty acres recently changed hands within a period of ten days. From the newly developed diamond mine near Oroville a number of black diamonds, known as carbonate, and having a market value of eighty-five dollars a carat, have been forwarded to the State Mineralogist. One hundred thousand additional fruit trees have been planted in Tehama County during the present season, most of them being peach trees. Steps are being taken to double the output of the match industry in Butte County, and machinery is on the way which will add six hundred horse-power to the plants now in operation. During the past ten years the annual shipments of California oranges have increased from 7,000 carloads to nearly 32,000. The latter represents a net return to the producers of $11,000,000, exclusive of a sum nearly as great disbursed for labor and freight. According to estimates from the new directory, Los Angeles now has a population of 260,000. Great preparations are being made in Los Angeles toward the entertain- ment of the convention of Mystic Shriners in May and the National Educa- tional Association in July. Twelve hundred acres of the finest soil in Glenn County has just changed hands, the purpose of the purchase being to divide the tract into small farms which will appeal to settlers of limited means. Contracts have been let for the construction of three large buildings of a new fruit-canning factory at Sunnyvale. It will employ eight hundred hands and will be ready for operation early in May. The authorities at Stockton have taken the initial steps toward the formation of a drainage district, under the laws of the State. It will include taxable property of about $25,000,000. On April 1st the San Francisco supervisors passed an ordinance exempt- ing Class A buildings from the height limitation, which henceforth applies only to classes B and C and frame structures. The large wheat ranches of Santa Barbara County are disappearing before the advance of intensive farming. Sugar beets, barley, and oats are among the favorite crops. Santa Maria reports largely increased oil shipments. Six hundred thousand barrels left Port Harford during the month of March. In the beet sugar region around Chico many hundred acres are now in seed, much of this territory being in small holdings. For several months past the building permits for the City of Oakland have represented an average outlay of over $200,000 a week. It is conceded that the actual cost exceeds these figures. Reports from Shasta County show that the orchard fruits in that section of the State have not suffered in the late storms, and a crop as large or larger than that of last year is predicted. The peach crop particularly has set very heavy. M PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE IN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated In half-tones; price, $1.00. IANDBOOK series (Price 5 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By William L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Articles by men prom- inent in reconstruction work. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. Describing the fifty-seven counties of the State. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Describing the mineral spring resorts In various parts of California. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature In Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. Three sizes. (Prices, 10, 15, and 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). If THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JENNINGS, ChalrBian rRBDBRICK TILLMANW, JR., Treasurer. Preside«t TlllmaHn A Bendel JAMBS K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Arin»)»y Company GJBORGE: a. BATCHELDBR Vlce-Pre«ident E. H. Rolllna & Son* W^ILIjIAM J. BUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Company HERBERT FL.EISHHACKBR Manager London, Paris and American Banlc WILLIAM L. GERSTLE Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R. B. HALiE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W, HELLMAN, JR Vice-President Union Trust Company ot San Francisco HERBERT E. LAW Capitalist P. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Buildlns Trades Count ot California W^ILLIAM H. MiarrSON Campbell, Metson & Drew JOHN MARTIN President Jehu Martin & Company W^ILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navisatiou Company W. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMES D. PHBLAN President Mutual Savings Banic JAMES ROLPH. JR. Hind, Rolph &. Company LOUIS ROSENFELD John Rosenf eld's Sons A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels & Brothers Company ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian- American Bank JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobin & Tobin DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman J. N. GILLETT Governor of California BENJAMIN IDE WTHEELBR President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. University LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Dieso Counties South of Tehaehapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH. Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULE. Eureka North Coast Counties D. C. W^ILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK. Mountain View Central Coast Counties BLIAS SQUIRES, Gibsonvllle Sierra Counties LEW^IS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist BLLW^OOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passeneer Traffic Manager Southern Pacific Company W^. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager Atchison, Topeka ai Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President W^estern Pacific Railway B. W^. GILLETT General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Sa Lake Railroad Company S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company . C. D. DUNANN General Passenger Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Compan;! FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM L. GERSTLE, Chairman I. W. HBLLMAN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDBR FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. JOHN MARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman JAMBS K. ARMSBY ^^ILLIAM MATSON W^. S. PORTER JAMES ROLPH, JR. RECEPTION COMMITTEE W^ILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman HERBERT E. LAW LOUIS ROSENFELD HERBERT FLEISHHACKKR P. H. McCarthy MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. hale, Chairman WILLIAM H. METSON DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and representative of all com- mercial organizations of each of the fifty-seven counties in California. Aflillated with the Committee are one hundred and seventy-five commercial organlxatioii Mironghout California, with a membership of more than thirty thousand. p ■ BULLETIN OF PROGRESS f PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee MAY 31, 1907 N PEARLY fifty thousand colonists came to California during the Spring season of cheap colonist rates which ended with the close of last month, in addition to other thou- sands who came on regular tickets. Reports ' to The CJalifornia Promotion Committee from its Eastern Bureau, in New York, and from other sources both in this country and Europe, show that many people are coming to make their homes in the State. Representatives of three large European colonies have been furnished with information and data by the Committee, regarding California lands, and these colonies will settle in the State during the coming summer and fall. There is still excessive demand for labor in all parts of the State, and thousands of men and women are needed to supply it. Indications are that the fruit districts will need several thousand men and women to harvest and prepare the crops for market. Crop conditions throughout the State, with the exception of apricots, have shown continual improvement. Notwithstanding the excessive floods of the early spring in the great central valley, most mT the farms have been cultivated and crop indications are good. There is heavy demand for small farms and many large tracts have been placed on the market for subdivision. Industrial conditions in San Francisco have caused temporary depression in all lines in that city, but its bank clearings continue 1() show an increase over the same period of two years ago. With the closing days of the month have come indications of s.ttlement of many of the difficulties and a speedy return to normal I'ouditions. The following summary for May shows California conditions: San Francisco building permits, $6,449,847. San Francisco building permits since the fire, .$69,563,392, Los Angeles building permits, $961,870. Oakland building permits, $603,162.20. San Francisco bank clearings, $188,228,387.02. San Francisco bank clearings for IMay, 1905, $139,010,645.89. Los Angeles bank clearings, $52,328,728.27. Oakland bank clearings, $12,214,098.39. San Jose bank clearings, $2,308,280.43. San Francisco Customs receipts, $815,603.13. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA ON APPLICATION. 843-R C M— C N F X— S-2B-07 THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMriTEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; adnjancement ; encouragement.'' — Century Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the prch- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and Invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although It gives Information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION "FOR TIOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN UFE" SEASIDE RESORTS NUMBER aUIME, 1907 Vol. IV, No. 7 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMnTEE CALIFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO EDITORIAL OR eight hundred miles the coast hills of California look out upon the western sea. For the greater part bold promontories push abruptly into the dashing surf, but interspersed between stretch scores of splendid crescent lines of beach, perpetually smooth and clean, and fragrant with the sea. Many of these lie secluded and unknown, and are virgin fields of pleasure for the California to come. Elsewhere man has come and made his romping-places, with pavilion, bathhouse, and hotel, and every device of pleasuring by the sea. Some of these resorts have been for years bright stars on the itinerary of the tourist, and some still have their fame unsung. One characteristic have all the California beaches in com- mon, that of hard, firm footing and magnificent breadth. The breakers of other seas are belittled by the towering surfs of our Pacific front. Yet nowhere else, unless on the isles of the tropic ocean, are the billows more friendly to the frolicking bathers, who come here from every busy mart of earth to tarry a while and bask in the grateful sunshine and forget. For him who in far journeyings gravitates at last to a California crescent beach the river of Lethe forthwith flows, and for the space of his tarrying oblivion is his. The troublous world is stilled and grows remote, and into his dream- ing soul there seeps, like amber wine, the California sunshihe, waking moods and visions of a golden age. It is indeed no less than intoxication, but of a kind that has no evil aftermath, and it lives a beneficent memory in all the years to come. Mountains are for strenuous folk who love to surmount, to subdue, to conquer new horizons. And for such as these indeed no other land com- pares in lavish invitation. But for the other sort, who loaf and lounge and lie a-dream, a whole new world awaits In the languorous atmospheres of California's ocean front. Far in the south the blissful Coronado inaugu- rates the pageant of the surf, and thence northward range a line of seaside pleasure-places that the world over are without compeers in the sum of their allurements. Space lacks to even name them all, much less mark their individual charms. And so enticing are they all, indeed, that choice among them is the one embarrassment. For those who seek the gayety of seaside life, the happy, teeming throngs, the sparkle and motion of the crowd on pleasure bent, there are the great resorts of Coronado, Newport, Long Beach, Redondo, Santa Barbara, Monterey, Santa Cruz, and a score between. Unexcelled are their hotels and the accessories for making the most of happy days. And for the toiler who can snatch but a week-end outing from his office-hours there are such idyllic shore suburbs as Belve- dere and Sausalito and Santa Monica, where a mere ferriage or trolley fare transports the weary from the dust and pressure of the town to realms of the heart's desire. Or for that other one who would keep a primitive tryst with Nature in her wild, there are those secluded crescents of the shore where sea-birds and solitude await his solitary coming with blanket-roll and frying-pan. All alike bask under the guarantee of California's rainless summer skies, and all alike expand the soul with the joyous freedom of an outlook on the largest and most kindly ocean of the earth. SHORES OF SAN LUIS OBISPO E. P. XJNANGST ALONG the ocean front of San Luis Obispo County are a number of delightful places for an outing. At Port Harford is the Hotel Marre, built on the ocean's edge, the waves eternally dashing against its very foundation. Here every change of seaside vacation may be enjoyed. The stir and bustle of incoming and outgoing steamers, loading and unloading, indicate the great amount of business transacted. The Pacific Coast Railway offers abundant opportunity for inland excursion. Boating in the harbor by either steam launch, sail- or row-boat furnishes a never-ending source of enjoyment. Fishing is almost always excellent, and thousands avail themselves of the facilities of the railway to reach the harbor for a day's sport, fishing from the wharf, strolling on the beach, hunting for shells or sea-moss, or the thousand other occupations of an idle but busy day. But he who would know the full zest of such a day should place himself in charge of a competent master on a worthy sail-boat and boldly stand out to sea. Imagine a stout wind blowing, choppy waves running, jolly companions with you, and two or three lines trolling In the rear of the boat. If your sailing master has a sly sense of fun he will ship a hatful or two of spray about the time the excitement begins to run high. No thought of seasickness, no recollection of business care, no regard for worldly sorrow is with you while bounding across the dashing waves. Your whole attention is absorbed in the struggle with a leaping barracuda or flashing Spanish mackerel at the end of a two or three hundred foot line. It is a day's pleasure that comes to one but rarely. At the end of such a day, tired and hungry but happy, it is with regret you remember that, however unwilling, some time you must leave this fisherman's paradise. Within easy rowing distance on the placid waters of the inner harbor is Point San Luis and the government light-house, the objective point of a day's excursion. A climb on the steep and rugged hills surrounding the harbor will exhaust another day and amply reward the effort by a magnificent view of rolling, wooded hill inland and a glorious panorama of the ocean at your feet. So days of enjoyment glide into weeks of rest and recreation. South of Port Harford lies the famous Pismo Beach. Level as a floor, and almost as hard, stretching away to the south for twenty miles or more, it furnishes a promenade, a driveway, or an automobile racing-course such as nature only can construct. Until recently this magnificent beach could be reached only by team. For years thousands have annually driven from the interior of the State to enjoy the ocean breezes at this place. Now made accessible by the coast line of the Southern Pacific, the attention of pleasure-seekers is turned that way. Already two hotels, a few miles apart, have been constructed — the Pismo Inn, at Pismo, and the Oceano Beach Tourist Hotel, on "the Strand" at Oceano, both at nearby railroad stations. What is said of the one will apply to the other. Picturesque, cozy, com- fortable, with the roar of the tumbling surf ever in your ears, the great blazing fires on the hearth conclusively fix in your mind the conviction that here you will remain so long as business cares or worldly demands will permit. Whether you take up your abode at the hotel or in the tent city, at either place, about the same result will follow. The first day you will dreamily wonder just what you will do; the second you will have tried the surf bathing. From that time on the struggle begins. Just how to manage to get a "dip" once and maybe twice a day and have time enough to dig the ever-welcome clam, to roll in the warm, dry sand of the high beach or attend to some one of the dozen excursions planned, to visit Pebbly Beach or explore the rocky caverns to be found, to climb the adjacent hills or to visit the beautiful sweet-pea farms of the Arroyo Grande Valley, to take a deep-sea fishing trip or a steam-launch excursion to Port Harford, or to visit the ancient mission at San Luis Obispo, and at the same time appease an insatiable, glorious appetite, together form a problem that is never solved. COAST RESORTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY THE Los Angeles County coast line contains a varied succession of scenery. In addition it has this great advantage, that the beauties of the beach and ocean may be enjoyed to perfection every month in the year. Even at midwinter, v^hen the beaches on the Atlantic Coast are deserted, numerous visitors may be seen at the Los Angeles County resorts on a Sunday or holiday, enjoying a dip in the surf, or gather- ing ocean treasures. Not only is the winter climate beyond all comparison with that of the Eastern coast at the same time of year, but the summer is also far more pleasant. On the coast line there is never an oppressively warm day. The leading seaside resorts of Los Angeles County are Santa Monica, Ocean Park, Venice, Redondo Beach, Long Beach, Terminal Island, and Catalina Island. Santa Monica, which is reached in less than an hour by a line of steam railroad and two electric roads, is a well-improved, pro- gressive little town, with beautiful homes, fine beach, and many attractions for summer visitors. Ocean Park, south of Santa Monica, is built up with neat cottages for a couple of miles along the beach. Venice is a most unique and attractive resort. Redondo has a large hotel; a wharf from which fine fishing may be had; a swimming bath; and a pebble beach. North of Redondo are the new resorts of Hermosa and Manhattan, with a fine beach. San Pedro is more of a shipping port than a seaside resort. The view from the high bluffs is very fine. Point Fermin lighthouse is about three miles from town. Across the bay from San Pedro is Terminal Island, a narrow spit of land, which, during the past few years, has become popular with Los Angeles people, many of whom have built neat cottages. This place has the advantage of the ocean on one side and the still water of the bay on the other. Long Beach, a few miles east of San Pedro, reached by steam and electric railroad, is a family resort, with one of the finest stretches of hard, level beach on the coast, a pleasure wharf 1,600 feet in length, and a pavilion. Many improvements have been made here during the past few years. Alamitos Beach, adjoining Long Beach, has a high, breezy location on a bluff. During the past few years there has been quite a boom in beach property, and half a dozen new resorts have been laid out. Joyous thousands have hailed Santa Monica as Queen of the Surf. Made easy of access by the suburban train service to Los Angeles, more fun has been found in its breakers, more laughter heard along its fine beach, more good fish dinners had at the Hotel Arcadia, more happy gallops, and more flying spins along its magnificent avenues obtained, than at any other beach In the southland. The North Beach bath-house is one of the most enjoyable bathing places on the coast for those who want a bath a little warmer or a trifle different from that afforded by the frolicsome old ocean. The new 1,400-foot pleasure wharf is a really fine place from which to catch fish and a tanned face. Young as it is, Venice is a complete and perfect little city. Its main streets border broad sea-filled canals, miles in length and furnishing ample boating facilities. Its main business street is arcaded like the Rue de Rivoli of Paris. The auditorium, the pavilion, and the "ship hotel" are important features. There is a great outdoor swimming pool, good fishing, and endless amusements. SANTA CRUZ AND THEREABOUT SANTA CRUZ, or New Santa Cruz, as the citizens call it since the wonderful recent revival, is on the northern side of the bay on a peninsula that separates the bay from the ocean. Behind it rise the Santa Cruz Mountains. This peninsula has a fine variety of terraces and levels, and on the ocean side a beautiful bathing beach. The city of 8,000 people has many handsome homes, good streets, water system, schools, public buildings, electric cars, electric lights, sewers, etc. Many wealthy people reside here the year round to enjoy its superb climate and charming scenery of mountain and ocean. According to Dr. David Starr Jordan, no American body of water has a greater variety of fish than the bay that laps the shore of Santa Cruz. The royal king salmon in summer congregates in greater numbers here than anywhere else on the coast, affording the finest fishing imaginable. Steelheads and rainbow trout abound in all the mountain streams. The forest-covered mountains are a retreat for quail and deer. The lagoons in fall and winter are feeding-places for all varieties of wild ducks. The tent city, pavilion, casino, and baths, representing an expenditure of $225,000, were opened last season, and Santa Cruz had practically the greatest concourse of pleasure-seekers on the coast. The burned pavilion is being restored on a grander scale. Almost nightly concerts and balls, illuminations, society and fraternal gatherings, etc., are planned for the entertainment of visitors. Bathing (unexcelled), boating, yachting, fishing, drives to the ocean cliffs and their caverns, to the wave motor, up the coast to San Vicente, etc., to the Big Trees, up the canons of the San Lorenzo, Sequel, and other streams are among the attractions. Santa Cruz is a winter as well as summer resort, and the fine hotels, Sea Beach and St. George, and the lesser ones, such as the Riverside, are filled the year round with a constantly increasing throng of Eeastern tourists in the winter and visitors from the interior valleys in the summer. The Hotel del Mar is a pretty resort, with upland and ocean, two miles west of Santa Cruz, under the auspices of the Catholic Ladies' Aid Society. Bus meets trains at Santa Cruz. Seabright is a popular cottage resort adjoining the Tent City and Santa Cruz. The railroad has established an agency here. Twin Lakes, a Baptist resort of unusual beauty, a half mile east of Santa Cruz, on the railroad, has a good hotel (the Surf) and a large audi- torium. The Twin Lakes are Seabright and Swan, on either side of the park. Capitola is four miles east from Santa Cruz — "a great place for chil- dren." This place of cottages and hotels is built on the broad beach that lies between the bay and the flaring mouth of Sequel Creek. It's a fresh and salt water resort — both. Under private control, Capitola is conducted as a model resort. Its beach is unsurpassed. The large Capitola Hotel is near the water, in a most delightful location. Off Capitola the salmon fishing is fine. The place is both a summer and winter resort. Aptos, an old-time seaside resort at the mouth of Aptos Creek, has a delightful "back country" of apple orchards, redwood forests, stock farms, and mountains. From Santa Cruz runs a broad-gauge railway branch through these resorts to Watsonville and Pajaro, connecting with the main coast line at Pajaro. I SEASIDE RESORTS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY JOHN S. MILLS Secretary of tbe San Diego Chamber of Commerce PRINCIPAL among the seaside resorts of San Diego County are Coro- nado, Point Loma, Pacific Beach, La Jolla, Del Mar, and Oceanside. Situated just across the bay from San Diego is the charming penin- sula city of Coronado, with its world-famous Hotel del Coronado, its celebrated Tent City, and its ideal beach. The attractions of this place as an ideal summer and winter resort are well known. There is noth- ing approaching it the entire length of the Pacific Coast, and none of the famous Atlantic resorts equal this fair spot in natural attractions. Hotel del Coronado is open the entire year, for the reason that there is virtually no difference between the seasons. Outdoor sports may be enjoyed daily unhampered by excessive heat or storms, while the morning dip in the surf is as agreeable in February as in August. Pacific Beach is a beautiful suburb of San Diego, a few minutes' ride from the city proper. Here many homes are building for the accommoda- tion of those who do not want to be bound by the more or less conventional rules of hotel life. The Hotel Balboa is a magnificent structure, with accommodations for a large number, while there are numerous boarding- houses and other stopping-places for the largely increasing population of this resort. La Jolla, located some fourteen miles north of San Diego, is a place of scenic beauty which must be seen to be appreciated. The surf line here is made up of different features at almost every step. In addition to the surf bathing there are many points of interest to be seen, notable among these being the cliff formation, the wonderful caves, the marine garden, and a short distance from the shore-line the kelp bed, which acts as a breakwater and renders the waters placid near the shore. One of the greatest charms of life in San Diego is that ail your days may be spent out of doors; and it is well that this is so, there is so much to be seen, so much to do. A delightful change from the ordinary routine may be had by choosing a day when the ocean is in a peaceful mood,— it is seldom otherwise, — securing the services of an experienced boatman, and making up a party for a trip to the wonderful marine gardens on the lee of the Coronado Islands. Take your lunch along, for the entire day will be consumed in making the trip and viewing the wonders of the deep from the glass-bottomed boat which will be placed at your service. You have often visited a conservatory and admired the beautiful plants and flowers growing in such profusion, but attractive as it all may be, the marine life here seen is vastly more interesting. Sea mosses and kelp, beautiful in color and form, and in endless variety, reach upward from the ocean's depth, floating in and out of which are huge jelly-fish giving forth all the colors of the rainbow, while darting here and there may be seen brilliantly- colored members of the finny tribe. Twenty-three miles north of San Diego Is Del Mar, a town of charming seaside homes, with long stretches of beach going to make it another ideal place for bathing, fishing, gathering mosses and shells, or for enjoying a season of sweet idleness at all times of the year. This resort is an attractive and popular suburb of San Diego. It is near enough to this city and the cities of the North to afford a delightful outing place, and far enough from the business marts to make it continue to grow in popularity as a place to rest. — Oceaside is situated forty-two miles north of San Diego. One of the main attractions of this resort is its magnificent sea beach. Here, as at other resorts, a pleasure pier has been built out into deep water, and the facilities for surf bathing are excellent. ORANGE COUNTY BEACH RESORTS J. A. WILLiSOPr Secretary of the Santa Ana Chamber of Commerce NO two beaches along the many miles of Orange County's ocean frontage are exactly alike. They differ in form, feature, and environ- ment, but all are phenomenally beautiful, and it would be invidious to attempt to draw the line of superlative distinction. Newport Beach, however, is certainly one of the finest, as it is one of the most accessible and conveniently located. In short, there is no finer beach on the whole Pacific Coast. Only forty miles from Los Angeles, only eleven from Santa Ana, and a few miles farther from the principal cities of the Interior, the beach is readily reached by the thousands of visitors who seek it annually. The Pacific Electric Railroad, with its frequent service of commodious and fast cars — one of the finest systems of electric roads in the world — makes the hour's ride from Los Angeles to Newport a delightful pleasure trip. From Santa Ana the few minutes' jaunt on the Southern Pacific, with Its admirable service, is no more than riding from one city block to another, while the journey from Redlands, Riverside, San Bernar- dino, and other points on this line is rendered charming by the attractive scenery along the way. East Newport is approached from the parent beach city of Newport by the delightful drive along the smooth, level beach, or when the tide is in, by the way of Surf Avenue, only a few yards above, a beautiful 50-foot driveway, the continuation of Ocean Avenue, passing through the Hunting- ton Tract, with its wide sidewalk from the original town; or yet, by Bay Avenue, fifty feet in width, which runs direct from the Southern Pacific depot, skirting the bay, through the entire length of the tract. Adjoining East Newport on the east is Balboa, City of the Beautiful. Passing along Newport Beach and taking in review its successive resorts, distinguished from each other by name only, is like passing along one of the long galleries of that Parisian palace of art, the Louvre, and viewing its succession of limner masterpieces. To the south is the ocean, to the north Newport Bay. The average width of this stretch of the peninsula is about 500 feet. The 4,000 feet frontage on the Pacific Ocean is protected by a bulkhead its entire length, and along it runs a broad sidewalk, the continuation of the broad avenue known in old Newport as Ocean Avenue, and which runs past Huntington Tract and East Newport as Surf Avenue. The same three avenues that run through East Newport — Surf, Central, and Bay avenues — continue through the entire length of the Balboa Tract. No more pleasurable tour can be afforded on any of thsse beautiful California mornings than the hour's automobile spin that will take one from Santa Ana to Laguna Beach. Entering Laguna Canon the scenic panorama becomes superbly pictur- esque, its ensemble a picture of beauty, of grandeur, of fascinating love- liness. The canon brings one right into Laguna, which may justly boast of being the most picturesque spot on the Pacific Coast. The first glance affords a spectacle of romantic and picturesque grandeur that is only increased when its many novel attractions are more critically viewed. The hills look down on Laguna and Laguna looks out on the sea. Rising at some points to 1,200 feet, they roll for miles away toward the northwest and southeast, v/ithin only a quarter to three quarters of a mile of the strand, with its variety of contour, smooth and level and rolling and rocky. Four miles up the coast from Newport Beach is perhaps the most striking evidence of rapid growth of a seaside resort to be found in the whole shore line from Long Beach to East Newport. This is Huntington Beach, a live prosperous town to-day, but four years ago a stubble-field, purchased for a song by the then owners and laid out as a town. Huntington Beach has the advantage of being backed by the best agricultural country in the southern part of California, as right at its door lies the greatest celery fields in the world, while thousands of acres of the best corn, beet, and grain land in the country are within easy distance of Huntington Beach as a distributing point. Huntington Beach was the first town in Orange County to have electric car service, and with the coming of the electric road the town sprang into being with such marvelous rapidity as to surprise even its promoters, who had predicted great things for the new seaside city. ABOUT THE GOLDEN GATE WALTER J. KENYON WHILE the city dwellers of San Francisco and the transbay towns look to the California mountains for their vacation outings, it is just as true that a large interior population makes its regular summer pilgrimage to the bay cities and the vicinity of the Golden Gate for relaxation and a change of air and scene. San Fran- ciscans take their surroundings in a very matter of fact way and seldom pause to reflect that they are within cannon-shot of half a dozen watering- places of no mean order. First to be mentioned Is our own Cliff House beach, actually within the city limits. Here is a magnificent sweep of several miles of hard, smooth ocean sand, with the prodigious breakers of the Pacific roaring on one hand and the superb boulevards of Golden Gate Park system on the other. At the southern limit of this prospect the sharp profile of Mussel Rock juts abruptly into the sea, and northward the cliffs, with the Cliff House dominating their westward projection, provide as sharply marked a limit. This natural pleasure-ground vies with Golden Gate Park itself In the affections of the city's people, thousands of whom may be seen daily sprawled in the warm sand, basking in the California sunshine, and inhaling the fragrance of the sea. And among them, if an impromptu census were to be taken, would be found many wayfarers who hailed from the ends of the earth, and who tarried there for an hour's space to build memory pictures that will never fade. How few indeed realize that this magnificent seaside wild, with the gulls scream- ing in air and plumed quail scuttling across the boulevards, is actually within the corporate limits of one of America's great cities! And to add the final touch to this scarce tamed wilderness, there is the colony of seals, weirdly barking on the spray-laden sea wind, as they labor clumsily over the Seal Rocks. For the lover of Nature In her more secluded moods the Point Lobos rocks and Baker's Beach offer even greater attractions. Here for miles are narrow trails cut in the face of the cliffs, from every point commanding a panorama of sea and strait and crag that stands positively without rival in the accessible world for charm of its appeal. Beyond the Golden Gate and some miles northward of the heads is Bolinas Beach, destined one day to be famous among the world's resorts. At present it is deliciously secluded from the madding crowd by lack of other transportation than stage, from Sausalito or San Rafael. The dis- cerning who take such a route, or drive in private conveyance, are well rewarded. The long sweep of beach is unusually broad and hard, and glistening smooth. A plunge in the glorious surf of "blue Bolinas Bay" is a pleasure never to be forgotten. And then the evening campfire of driftwood, with steaming pans and pots, and song and story, a quiet smoke, a last turn beside the phosphorescent surf, and then to bed. Bolinas Beach is about nine miles by road from San Rafael, and has accommoda- tions to answer every taste. There is a comfortable hotel for the pampered, and camping facilities for those who like a closer touch with Nature. Sausalito itself, but a ferry trip from San Francisco, is a place full of attractions for the pleasure-seeker. Here is a yacht club and several boathouses with excellent facilities for enjoying the water, while the em- bowered and steeply terraced little town, a veritable hanging garden of a place, is itself an attraction which would be world-famed if it lay along the tourist paths of Europe. Belvedere, another suburb reached by ferry, has the same peculiar charm of terraced steeps and dryad-inviting dingles. Its zigzag shady paths look sheer down through live-oak leafage to the cove below, with its house-boats, yachts and bathing-houses. Across the Inlet lies Tiburon, beloved by the short-trip fisherman. And between the two a comfortable hotel crowns the head of the cove. SANTA CATALINA, THE ANGLER'S PARADISE HARDLY two hours and a half from Los Angeles Is Santa Catalina, an island twenty-two miles long, a park in the Pacific, a mountain range at sea; a bit of the world by itself, which in its climate, nat- ural beauties and opportunities for sport comes as near perfection as one can find. It abounds in beautiful and lofty mountains, deep gorges, stupendous rock-cliffs, and precipices. Its south and west coast has the surf and a bracing climate; its north and east is a region of calms, little bays with glass-like surfaces reflecting the rocks and mountains. Santa Catalina is patronized by those who wish to escape the conven- tionalities of fashionable life. There are cottages, shops, hotels, and boarding-houses, while a city of tents affords the lovers of camping out under ideal conditions every opportunity. Santa Catalina is a natural sanitarium, combining all that is best in the Madeira Islands and the famous Riviera, without any of the objection- able features of the latter. Even in midwinter the days are mild, frost being unknown in many of the valleys; the island is then a flower garden. It has valuable sulphur springs, and the opportunities for salt baths and en- joying the remarkable varieties of climate make it an ideal resort. In winter the Hotel Metropole is visited by tourists from all over the world. There are daily excursions and private yachting parties to the numer- ous places of interest near Avalon— Sea-Lion Rookery, three miles from Avalon; Isthmus, fourteen miles; the Sphinx, four miles; San Clemente, twenty miles; Little Harbor, twelve miles; Mounts Orizaba and Black Jack, seven miles; Empire Landing, Verde Antique Quarries, and Ancient Olla Manufactory, twelve miles; Ship Rock, fourteen miles; Johnson's Landing, fifteen miles; Catalina Harbor, thirteen miles; Eagle's Nest Camp, via stage road, twelve miles; Prehistoric Cave, thirteen miles; Moonstone Beach, four miles. Exhibition of game fishes for Tuna Club Tournament. Santa Catalina Island has perfect sanitary regulations, the whole under the supervision of a resident physician and health officer. No locality in the United States has such extensive arrangements for the convenience of campers, nor can any other place show such an attractive picture of cozy canvas habitations. Camp life at Santa Catalina is ideal, the climate and surroundings make it so. Thousands choose this as the most economical and delightful way to spend their vacation. Every effort is made to cater to the comfort and pleasure of campers. Lots front on macadamized streets and are supplied with modern flush closets connected with an outfall sewer -—the Shone system. The streets are cleaned and sprinkled and all garbage is removed from the premises daily. 10 I ■I The town of Avalon, with its picturesque cottages and homes on the nlllsides, is built on a beautiful half-moon-shaped bay, with fleets of boats and yachts of all sizes moored here and there. ^^ For boating and bathing Catalina Island is unexcelled. Its perfect Climate and sanitation, its smooth bays, its facilities for safe boating and bathing render it the ideal place for ladies and children. The little bays are crowded with boats — fishing, sailing, launches, yachts, all providing for the public pleasure. »A remarkable display is made in glass tanks of living plants and ani- als of Avalon Bay. This exhibition is one of the most interesting features the island, and furnishes a rare opportunity for the study of marine life. Take a marine automobile, one of the specially designed Santa Cata- lina launches, and run down to the Sea-Lion Rookery, and photograph it; or to Sphinx Rock, or to the cavern at the Isthmus, or to Moonstone Beach, where the beautiful gems of chalcedony are found. There is no trip exactly like it in the world. Santa Catalina Island is the home of the famous leaping tuna; it is caught nowhere else with rod and reel. The Hotel Metropole is the headquarters of the Tuna Club, of 150 members, who gather here from all over the world to enjoy this exciting sport. Here is the famous tuna book, containing the pictures of the mem- bers and their catches, and here Is exhibited the gold medal of the Tuna Club, which is fished for each season, and open to any angler. He who holds it becomes president of the Tuna Club, and may be said to hold the world's record for the hardest fighting game fish on rod and reel, one tuna being the equal of two or three tarpons in point of strength. The game-fish of Catalina Island is the yellowtail, having some resem- blance to the salmon, but a much harder fighter, ranging from seventeen to eighty pounds. Four or five twenty- or thirty-pounders, taken on a bass rod of twelve or fifteen ounces, generally satisfies the angler for the day, as each fish will fight for fifteen or twenty minutes on a light rod before coming to the gaff. Ranging next to the yellowtail as a game-fish Is the white sea-bass, which contains a weight of eighty pounds, the average catch being from thirty to fifty pounds. The largest sea-bass caught in Avalon Bay was taken by a lady. This fish, which weighed eighty-four pounds, towed the boat back and forth for an hour. SANTA BARBARA J. L,. HURLBUT Secretary of the Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce CABRILLO visited the spot on which the city stands in 1543. Vizcaino, in 1603, named the Channel Santa Barbara, because he entered it on St. Barbara's day, December 4, 1603. On April 21, 1782, the Presidio was founded by Junipero Serra. The Mission, whose gray towers crown the slope on which the city rests, was founded four years later. The permanent population of the city Is 12,000, which is swelled at all seasons of the year by a large number of transients. There are four prosperous banks, three daily and two weekly newspapers, all the leading denominations of the country are represented, fraternal orders are legion, and many social clubs add to the zest of life. A fine public library of 20,000 volumes is conveniently located. The coast line of the Southern Pacific Company passes through the city, and the steamers of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company give water communication every other day. There is an excellent electric street-car service. 11 For the housing of guests the city is eminently fitted. Not only are there many boarding-houses of superior excellence, and several good hotels of moderate size, but the city is especially noted as possessing one of the finest tourist hotels on the Pacific Coast, the "Potter," which has accom- modations for a thousand guests and is open winter and summer. The Arlington, our pioneer tourist hotel, has accommodations for five hundred guests, and is most conveniently located. The east-and-west trend of the southern coast of Santa Barbara County has much to do with the peerless climate of this favored shore. It gives a full southern exposure to the sun, which from rising to setting shines directly into the valley. So lies this valley, basking in the sun and walled on the north by a mountain range nearly four thousand feet high. The Santa Barbara Channel, twenty-five miles wide and seventy miles long, washes the whole length of this sun-kissed shore. Here is found the most placid stretch of salt-water of equal size on the globe. During the last ten years the thermometer registered above 80 degrees on 230 days, or an average of but twenty-three days in the year; the num- ber of days above 90 degrees was but fourteen in the ten years, or a frac- tion over one day per year. The warmest night in ten years was 67 degrees, and there were but two of these. The average velocity of the wind is three and one-half miles per hour. Low humidity and low wind-movement have much to do with the delightful balminess of the winter air. The sunshine record of Santa Barbara shows 240 clear days per year, 65 partially cloudy, and 60 cloudy. While the average rainfall is seventeen inches, the number of days upon which rain falls is but thirty-two. The close proximity of the mountains to the sea causes a commingling of the dry atmosphere of the elevated regions with the moister airs from the ocean, producing a combination in which the best elements of each are preserved. It is difficult to define the peculiar charm of this peerless blend, and thus far it has quite baffled the investigations of observers. The bay of Santa Barbara is as noted for its beauty as that of famed Naples, which it so much resembles. On this shore, where winter never comes, the wavelets ripple like the waters of an inland lake. Craft of every size from the tiny yacht to the ocean liner, may lie with perfect safety at anchor in this bay, for here is the finest haven of the Western coast, a bay without storm or bar. The bay opens to the wide Santa Barbara Channel. The gentle breezes from its equable surface, the water of which shows a difference of but ten degrees between January and August, serve to cool in summer and warm in winter the shores of the valley its waters lave. The innumerable drives and trails in the vicinity of Santa Barbara are a constant source of delight to the resident and visitor. These avenues leading in every direction through the valley and foothill region, threading the recesses of the many canons, climbing spur, crag, and peak, offer endless trips of constantly changing interest. Here is found a gentle surf with a summer temperature of 68 to 74 degrees. Even in winter sea-bathing can be safely indulged in on any pleasant day, the temperature of water only dropping to 60 degrees in January. In addition, the famous bathing establishment Los Bancs del Mar, than which there is nothing finer on the Pacific Coast, furnishes plunge and tub-baths in salt-water warmed to any taste. Just across the channel from Santa Barbara and twenty-five miles away are the island principalities of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, with Anacapa and San Miguel forming part of the group. Yachts and launches ply across the channel, and the wonders of the cave-pierced rock shores are ever drawing parties of pleasure-seekers and sight-seers. Around these islands are the best fishing-grounds on the coast of California, and the wonderful flora of the submarine gardens are always an attraction to visitors. The popular field sports of golf, polo, tennis, baseball, etc., have numer- ous devotees, and it has become a center of interest in all kinds of outdoor recreation. Riding and driving are features of outdoor life for which this place is justly noted. MONTEREY AS A SEASIDE RESORT W^ASHIXGTOX DAVIS 'T must be distinctly understood that no other Golden State or Peaceful Ocean pleasure and health resorts are detracted from in the least when the charms and attractions of Monterey and her magnificent bay are presented to all who are seeking restoration of health, and recreation of spirits. Other Pacific Coast points have their advantages— hear and lee what Monterey offers to satisfy your longings. It costs you little or luch, as you choose, but it is n't necessary for you to be either sick or tired in order here to enjoy Nature's bounties embellished by the arts of man. Certain things are required of any pleasure or health resort— certain elements must be found to freshen you from inland toil and city strife, to "make a new woman of you and make a new man of your wife." These elements are present in air, earth, sea, and sky about Monterey. The evening wind brings ozone from the rising, falling bosom of the western sea, where float the ships in plain view at their moorings, while the morning land-breeze returns the delicate mountain air. This daily ex- [change is only possible where mountains circle an inland gulf, sloping gently lown to the swelling tide along the great white stretch of sandy beach. If you are too lazy to hunt big or small game, too indisposed to ride )r drive or walk or swim or row or sail — push out one hundred fathoms From the shore and catch any one of 652 kinds of fish, from common crab to leaping tuna. Fish from the North Pacific and the Southern waters have fiTiade Monterey Bay their meeting-place for a long geological period. They are gamy, gentle, or gay; all colors and sizes; most of them good to eat; and the wather is suitable summer or winter. If you are too restless to fish, venture out upon the oak- and pine- covered peninsula and go way round to Carmel Mission Church, the home of the founder of the missions of California, Father Junipero Serra. Numer- ms other historic places satisfy the curiosity of those who wish to see the sivilization of other days. The seventeen-mile drive has a different fascina- tion for every mile, and there is a new outing for every day in the year at "lonterey and the peninsula and in the mountains. Westward and adjoining Monterey by trolley is Pacific Grove, home of religious, educational, and social gatherings from all parts of the State and country at all times of the year. It is a pleasant, very peaceful suburb of Monterey and also lies at the water's edge. Eastward along the beach, only a mile by the new board walk, is the great Del Monte Park, with its fine hotel; and Monterey has many other living-places for visitors, all reasonable in price and good in quality. Tenting upon the foothills, within ten minutes' walk of the beach, with its free boating, bathing, and fishing, is also becoming popular. You can live in a tent In your own way, riding, driving, or walking into the moun- tains, hills, valleys, ravines, canons, caves, where "the wild thyme grows, where ox-lips bloom, and the nodding violet blows," and floating on streams, rivers, lakes, bay, and oceanside; or you may revel in landscapes painted with flowers, fields, orchards, and forests, overlooking the sea. Whether gathering up the mosses, shells, and things put out by the sea upon its bordering sands; whether seeking historic relics, sketching and painting from Nature, trailing through real sweet-smelling old pine forests, following a lover's bridle-path to shady nook or enchanting soli- tude, drinking at the many invigorating mineral springs, viewing the Gov- ernment military parades, dining with a ravenous appetite and a splendid menu spread before you; whether you are grave or gay, young or old, Monterey and her surrounding wonder-works of mountain and bay, as a seaside resort or winter or summer home, extends a perennial welcome and a perennial charm. It is 125 miles south of San Francisco by rail, 100 miles by water, and was the first capital of California, sixty-one years ago. IS PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS CONSTRUCTION work has commenced on the new railroad to con- nect the San Joaquin Valley with the ocean at the Bay of Monterey. The road is expected to be In operation by October first, between Monterey and Hollister. A big fruit-drying plant, occupying twenty acres, is in course of construction at Chico. It will have a capacity for handling 1,000,000 pounds of fruit each season. Another big electric-power plant has just been completed in Shasta County, and still another is under way. These two plants will add 13,000 horse-power to that already utilized in this county. Sunnyvale, in Santa Clara County, reports large new enterprises. A hydrocarbon works is under construction, at a cost of $40,000, and a well- known packing company is erecting two immense buildings. The price of lumber Is falling materially in California, and indications are for a further drop in prices. This is due to a large extent to the fact that there is a marked diminution in the building of cheap structures in San Francisco. The building industry is active in Roseville, Placer County. The work includes extensive construction on the new railroad yards, features of which are a large machine-shop, a roundhouse, and a 350,000-gallon tank. A bridge and a large planing-mill are also going up. The largest lemon growers' association in the world, at San Dimas, has just purchased a tract of land for the erection of big packing-houses. Work is being rushed on the four big smelter furnaces at Coram, in Shasta County, and this town promises to soon become one of the most active in the copper belt. Work is in progress in Stockton on an auxiliary electric plant, to cost $250,000. Nearly all the machinery is already on the ground. During the past season there have been shipped from the Santa Ana District 1,067,456 pounds of walnuts, for which the shippers received $108,083.31. An important water development has been made in the Riverside Dis- trict by striking a heavy underground flow. This additional supply will render available large tracts of new land. One hundred teams are rushing work on the new electric line from Stockton to Lodi. The road is expected to be in operation in six weeks. Redlands has forwarded 1,800 carloads of oranges during the present season. The big mill now nearing completion at Weed, in Siskiyou County, will have a capacity of 1 ,000 doors and 200 sash every twenty-four hours. Corcoran, in Kings County, is the center of one of the important beet- growing districts of the State. The planters of that vicinity are now put- ting in a thousand acres of beets. Articles of incorporation of the Sonoma and Lakeport Electric Railroad have been filed, the line to run from a point on the Northwestern Pacific, in Sonoma County, to Lakeport, in Lake County. This line will be the shortest route into Lake County, the road being about twenty-seven miles long. The Federal Government is pushing its big reclamation project in the Klamath country, which calls for the Irrigation of 250,000 acres of land. The first unit of 9,000 acres is now completed. A new oil pipe-line, in the vicinity of Bakersfield, opening up the Midway and McKittrick districts, has been commenced. The line will be sixty- eight miles in length. A large irrigation project is under way in Glenn County, comprising two main canals and a system of laterals, to serve many square miles of agricultural lands. 14 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE JAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. lANDBOOK SERIES (Price 6 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By William L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Articles by men prom- inent in reconstruction work. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. Describing the fifty-seven counties of the State. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Describing the mineral spring resorts in various parts of California. Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907. Describing the mountain re- sorts in various parts of California. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. Three sizes. (Prices, 10, 15, and 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUPUS P. JENNINGS, Chairman FREDERICK TILLiMANN, JR., Treasurer. Preuldent Tlllmann & Bendel JAMES K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Armsby Company GEORGE A. BATCHELDER « Vice-President E. H. Rollins & Sons WILiLiIAM J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Company HERBERT FLEISHHACKER Manager London, Paris and American Bank WILiLiIAM li. GERSTIjE Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R. B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W. HELLMAN, JR Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco HERBERT E. LAW Capitalist JOHN MARTIN President John Martin <& Company WILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navigation Company P. H. McCarthy ." President San Francisco and State Buildins,- Trades Cound of California WILLIAM H. METSON Campbell, Metson & Drew W. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Savings Bank JAMES ROLPH, JR Hind, Rolph & Company LOUIS ROSENFELD John Rosenfeld's Sons A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels & Brothers Company ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian- American Bank JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobln & Tobln DOUGLAS S. WATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman J. N. GILLETT Governor of California BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. University LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Diego Counties South of Tehachapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties D. C. WILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK, Mountain Vievp Central Coast Counties A ELIAS SQ,UIRES, Glbsonvllle Sierra Counties 8 LEWIS Ei AUBURY State Mineralogist M ELLWOOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner 9 G. B. LULL State Forester - CHARLES S. FEE Passenger Traffic Manager Southern Pacific Company W. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger Trafflc Manager Atchison, Topeka am Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western Padflc Railway E. W. GILLETT General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Sal Lake Railroad Company S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mail Steamship Company L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company C. D. DUNANN General Passenger Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Compan: FINANCE COMMITTEE W^ILLIAM L. GERSTLE, Chairman I. W. HELLMAN, JR. FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. GEORGE A. BATCHELDER JOHN MARTIN CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman JAMES K. ARMSBY JAMES ROLPH, JR. WILLIAM MATSON W. S. PORTER RECEPTION COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman HERBERT E. LAW LOUIS ROSENFELD HERBERT FLEISHHACKER P. H. McCarthy MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman WILLIAM H. METSON DOUGLAS S. WATSON COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and rep- resentative of all commercial organi- zations of each of the fifty-seven counties in California. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations thronghou California, "with a membership of more than thirty thousand. THE Counties Committee OF The California Promotion Committee BULLETIN NUMBER FIVE JUNE, 1907 893-FM— 6-20-07— INFX. THE Counties Committee OF The California Promotion Committee BULLETIN NUMBER FIVE JUNE, 1907 1 WITH an attendance of one hundred and nine delegates, representing fifty-two commercial organizations and rep- resenting the whole fifty-seven counties of California, a new record for attendance and representation, the seventh semi- annual meeting of the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee convened at Petaluma, Sonoma County, in the Hill Opera House, on Friday, June seventh, nineteen hun- dred and seven. On the urgent invitation of the Petaluma Chamber of Commerce, made through its secretary at the pre- vious meeting in San Diego in December, Petaluma had been chosen as the meeting place, and the Petaluma Chamber of Commerce had all local arrangements for the meeting. A noteworthy sentiment brought out at the meeting was the often expressed endorsement by the delegates of the Counties Com- mittee meetings and their increasing belief in the importance of the gatherings, the impetvis given thereby to development work in all parts of the State, and the benefits to all Californians derived in the mere getting together, discussing matters of mutual interest to all localities, learning about the resources and attractions of parts of the State other than their own, and in securing the broader point of view and closer co-operation which will insure to California the position in the arena of world progress that even the most optimistic and far-sighted man of affairs cannot now appreciate. The subject presented for discussion, "Forestry and Irrigation in California," was particularly apropos, in view of the approach- ing fifteenth session of the National Irrigation Congress which will convene in Sacramento in September next. From a broader point of view the theme of the meeting dealt with problems which to California are of greater significance than is generally realized. Following the policy laid down at previous Counties Committee meetings, matters of strictly local nature were elim- inated from the discussions. The recommendations of the meeting, as embodied in the report of the Committee on Resolu- tions, will be carried out (as provided by the report) by a sub- Committee on Forestry and Irrigation, which will report at the next session of the body. With the co-operation of both the State and Federal governments assured beneficial results will crown the action of the meeting. 3 The meeting was called to order by its chairman, Andrea Sbarboro, who introduced John L. Camm, president of the Peta- luma Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Camm welcomed the dele- gates to Petaluma in the name of the Petaluma Chamber of Commerce and on behalf of the citizens of Petaluma, and assured the committee that they regarded it as an honor to enter- tain the representatives of promotion organizations in all parts of the State which stood for the best citizenship and the pro- gressive enthusiasm of California. In responding. Chairman Sbarboro pointed out that the cor- dial welcome The California Promotion Committee received wherever its Counties Committee meetings were held attested to the appreciation in which the organization was held by the people of the entire State. He said, in part : "Supported by the progressive people of San Francisco, the committee disseminates correct information regarding the inex- haustible resources of our State throughout the wide world, and thus assists the populating of California with desirable people. It makes no exaggeration of our resources, for, in fact, we require none. All we want to do is to inform the people of the civilized world of the fact that California, on account of its fruit, flow- ers, wine, oranges, olives and sunshine, is the Italy of America and the modern Garden of Eden, and they will flock to us as they are now doing, by hundreds of thousands every year." The chairman took occasion to pay a tribute to the press of California, of the United States and of Europe for assisting in the dissemination of information. On motion of Clarence E. Edwords, seconded by Rufus P. Jennings, the chair was authorized to appoint a committe of five on credentials. Similarly it was resolved, on motion of Wilber Walker, seconded by Chas. F. Lee, that a committee of five on resolutions be appointed. Rufus P. Jennings, chairman of The California Promotion Committee, presented a report on the results of the San Diego meeting in the previous December, at which had been appointed a Committee on California Harbors. In answer to a question of Francis Cuttle, Mr. Jennings explained that the Legislative Committee, appointed at the instance of the committee, would take up matters referred to in the resolutions adopted at the San Diego meeting. The report was adopted. Professor Samuel Fortier, in charge (for the district) of Irri- gation and Drainage Investigations of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, read a paper entitled, "The Beneficial 4 Effects of Irrigation in California," in his capacity as IrrigatioH Engineer, United States Office of Experiment Stations. He pointed out the conversion of large holdings of land, producing grain, into small farms intensively cultivated, through the bring- ing of water to the soil. He showed that where irrigation is not considered necessary increased profits are realized when irri- gation is employed. Summing up, Professor Fortier said: "Irrigation makes gardens and orchards of the desert places of the State; it increases the yield of both field and orchard in localities where a rainless summer robs the soil of its moisture ; it tends to subdivide the large estates into small irri- gated holdings; it converts low producing grain ranches into intensively cultivated small fields; it adds greatly to the number of the diversified farms; it increases the exports of all soil products; it does away with the isolated life of the farmer by the density of rural settlements; it provides most of the advan- tages of both country and city life, and it constitutes the safe anchor of the State by the establishment of an ever-increasing number of prosperous farm homes." The chairman then announced the personnel of the commit- tees as follows, pointing out that all parts of the State were represented : Committee on Credentials — Clarence E. Edwords of San Francisco County, D. W. Coolidge of Los Angeles County, Wil- ber Walker of Alameda County, H. H. Whitmore of Stanislaus County, George Henderson of Humboldt County. Committee on Resolutions — Edwin Stearns of Alameda County, Arthur G. Nason of San Diego County, Luther J, Evans of Napa County, H. A. Greene of Monterey County, George W. Pierce of Yolo County. Rufus P. Jennings moved that, in order that the business of the meeting might be facilitated, speakers present any resolutions they had to offer at the close of their addresses — that resolutions be read by title only and then referred for consideration to the Committee on Resolutions. The subject of "Irrigation in the Sacramento Valley" was assigned on the program to W. A. Beard, executive officer of the National Irrigation Congress. In opening he expressed his appre- ciation of the arrangements that had been made for the enter- tainment of the delegates, and his regret that he would be un- able to participate in the program after the morning session, business calling him away. He further expressed his thanks to the committee for choosing as the subject of the meeting topics 5 particularly opportune because of the coming Irrigation Con- gress. Continuing, he said: "I have not come here today to tell you of the irrigation that we have accomplished in the Sacramento Valley so far, but of the greater things that will be accomplished. There are under irrigation 75,000 acres of land in the Sacramento Valley, which comprises 2,661,120 acres of level land, there being thus less than 3 per cent of the total area of the Sacramento Valley under irrigation today. This 3 per cent of the land supports more than 30 per cent of the farming population. The average area of an irrigated farm in Sacramento Valley is twenty-five acres. The average size farm in the valley, comprising thirteen counties, is 700 acres. In one county the average is over 1,000 acres. "In the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, which are in reality one great valley, there are 10,000,000 acres of irrigable lands, with water flowing to waste that would make infinitely increased products." The chairman read the following message: "Governor Gillett telephones that it is impossible to attend today this meeting, but he will meet with us some time tomorrow, probably at Santa Rosa." The chairman of the Committee on Credentials asked that a short recess be granted that the blanks for credentials might be passed out among the delegates. A paper on "Irrigation in the San Joaquin Valley" was read by F. W, Yokum, secretary of the Merced County Chamber of Commerce. He reviewed the history of irrigation in the San Joaquin Valley, touched upon the different methods of applying the water and the success of each, and offered some suggestions for development of irrigation systems. He laid stress upon the importance of harnessing the Sierra streams first, thus having the water under control when it reaches the valley. Ex-Governor George C. Pardee delivered an address on "Forestry and Irrigation in California," and said in part : "I think you will agree with me when I say that the State of California never had a better friend than the President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, who signed the Reclamation Act in 1902, as has already been explained. In its provisions another million or two acres of the State of California were set apart as a national forest reserve. There are now twenty-five million acres of forest lands within the State, and California is wasting and denuding the great forests. "The histories of other countries, as well as that of parts of our own Nation and State, prove to us that the forests are neces- sary adjuncts of any and all schemes of continuous and success- 6 1 ful irrigation; for, without the forests, the melting snows in win- ter and spring fill the streams, and leave them empty and dry in summer and autumn, when, more than at any other sea- son of the year, water is needed for irrigation. It is not claimed that the denudation of the forested mountains causes a decrease in the amount of snow and rain that falls upon them, but it is certain that the fallen leaves beneath the standing forests act as filters for the water that falls upon them and hold it back, so that it is dealt out to the streams and rivers through a longer part of the year. Removing the trees removes the leaf-filters, and this, in turn, allows the water to run off in floods, scarring the mountains, filling up the streams with detritus, flooding the lower reaches of the rivers and leaving them at low ebb or empty at the very seasons when the irrigating ditches call for their greatest supply of water. The irrigationist, therefore, is, like the reclamationist, the steamboat men, the drainage men, and all others who depend upon deep, full rivers, vitally interested in the preservation and the extension of the forests of California. He should join hands with all the others in demanding that the State should do all that it can to this end." The next item on the program was the selection of the place for the next meeting, the eighth semi-annual, to be held in the following December. Francis Cuttle, president of the Rivierside Chamber of Commerce, extended an invitation to the committee, on behalf of his organization, to visit Riverside. H. A. van C. Torchiana extended a similar invitation on behalf of the Santa Cruz Board of Trade and the Watsonville Chamber of Com- merce to the delegates to meet in Santa Cruz. He dwelt on Santa Cruz's claims as an ideal convention city. John H. Hartog, secretary of the Colusa County Chamber of Commerce, seconded the invitation of Riverside, as did also D. W. Coolidge, secretary of the Pasadena Board of Trade, and Dr. L. A. Perce, president of the Long Beach Chamber of Com- merce, and George Henderson of the Humboldt Chamber of Commerce. H. F. Emlay, secretary of the Watsonville Chamber of Commerce, spoke in behalf of Santa Cruz. The chairman stated for the information of those present that Fresno had put in a claim for the meeting a year before, and had given way to Petaluma at the previous meeting in San Diego with the understanding that it should have the eighth semi- annual meeting. He stated that the absence of the Fresno dele- gation was rather strange, and that they might have made bad connections. Mr. Sbarboro stated that he thought it only fair to Fresno to make the explanation. Santa Cruz then withdrew in favor of Fresno for the next meeting. F, W. Yokum, secretary 7 of the Merced County Chamber of Commerce, "served notice" that at the next meeting he would be prepared to invite the ninth semi-annual convention to the Yosemite Valley. President Camm of the Petaluma Chamber of Commerce offered the suggestion that the Fresno delegation might be on hand at the afternoon session, and on motion of S. N. Wyckoff further consideration of the question was postponed until the afternoon session. On motion of Rufus P. Jennings the meeting adjourned until 2 o'clock. At the commencement of the afternoon session the Fresno delegation was on hand, and the question of the meeting place for the next session was again taken up. William Robertson, secretary of the Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, explained the reason for their absence at the morning session. He stated that a committee of seven had been appointed by the Chamber of Commerce to extend the invitation for the next meeting, but that only the president of the Chamber of Commerce, John A. Neu, and himself had been able to attend. Following Mr. Rob- ertson, Mr. Neu formally invited the Counties Committee to Fresno. R. N. Lynch, secretary of the Petaliuna Chamber of Commerce, seconded the invitation of Fresno, which had cour- teously given place to Petaluma for the seventh semi-annual meet- ing. Francis Cuttle then withdrew the invitation of Riverside in favor of Fresno, and Dr. Perce, who had seconded the invita- tion of Riverside, moved that Fresno be selected as the meeting place. The motion was seconded by Cragie Sharp and unani- mously carried. Mr. Neu thanked the delegates for their favor- able action. The chairman asked if the Committee on Credentials was ready to report, and the chairman of the committee, Clarence E. Edwords, made the following report : "To THE Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee. ^''Gntlemen: "Your Committee on Credentials begs leave to report as follows : "We find that there are present at this meeting one hundred and nine delegates, representing all of the fifty-seven counties 8 of California, a total of fifty-two organizations having repre- sentatives. (Signed) "Clarence E. Edwards of San Francisco, "H. H. Whitmore of Stanislaus County, "WiLBER Walker of Alameda County, "Geo. Henderson of Humboldt County, "D. W, Coolidge of Los Angeles County, "Committee on Credentials." On motion, duly made, seconded and carried, the report was adopted as read. G. B. Lull, State Forester, read a paper on the "Forestry Laws of California." He reviewed the principal provisions of the laws and their enforcement by the State Board of Forestry, under the immediate direction of the State Forester and his two assistants. The benefits of the policy of forest protection were pointed out and suggestions made for a further broadening of the scope of the work. Mr. Lull laid emphasis on the fact that more money was needed to pay the salaries of the assistant foresters, who should be technically trained men. Congressman Duncan E. McKinlay of the Second District was asked to address the meeting, though not on the program. He spoke of the formation of the Orland Irrigation District under the reclamation law. He explained that fifteen thousand acres of land had been set aside, no one person being permitted to hold more than one hundred and sixty acres. He stated, further, that the Secretary of the Interior had, on the report of the engineers of the Geological Survey, assigned six hundred and fifty thousand acres to the Orland Water Users' Association, and that a dam would be built at Stoney Creek, fifteen miles from Orland. He explained that the money would be paid back to the government gradually and become a revolving fund : More than one hundred and ten million dollars' worth of projects have been recommended by the government engineers, and the United States is contemplating the expenditure of one hundred million dollars at least in irrigation service. Last year the Goverrmient appropriated one hundred and forty million dollars for the construction of a great canal between the Atlantic and Pacific at the Isthmus of Panama. Each year more and more money is being appropriated for irrigation. I can assure the gentlemen of this convention that the Cali- fornia delegation, as a unit, are alive to this great question of irrigation, and stand shoulder to shoulder to obtain appropria- tions from the Federal Government. We have had it intimated that if the people of Orland meet the requirements of the law another apportionment will be given. 9 F. E. Olmsted, District Inspector for California, United States Department of Agriculture, representing Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot, read a paper entitled, "The Use of the California National Forests." He pointed out the importance, especially to •California, of the laws creating the reserves, and showed that the system encouraged homeseekers to locate on the reserves, made timber for the miners available (a most important service), regu- lated the water supply from the streams, increased the pasturage for stock, and controlled forest fires. He then sketched the modus operandi of the service. L. E. Blochman, secretary of the Santa Maria Chamber of Commerce, asked permission to say a few words, and told the delegates of the benefits to his section of the State that had resulted from the enforcement of the forest laws, particularly in the prevention or control of forest fires. Francis Cuttle, chairman of the Tri-Counties Reforestration Committee, representing the counties of Riverside, San Bernar- dino and Orange, also president of the Riverside Chamber of Commerce, read a paper on "Forestry and Irrigation South of the Tehachapi." He said, in part: "Water from the San Bernardino watershed irrigates a hun- dred thousand acres of land in San Bernardino, Riverside and Orange Counties. This land produces from fifteen to twenty mil- lions' worth of products annually. Scientific forestry, now being worked out in the San Bernardino Forest Reserve, will double the summer flow of water and make it possible to increase the irrigated area in proportion." Robert Newton Lynch, secretary of the Petaluma Chamber of Commerce, took the floor to make some announcements about ^ the program of entertainment for the following day, urging that all promptness be observed in following out the schedule. Lewis E. Aubury, State Mineralogist, was to have read a paper on the "Preservation of the Forests," but was unable to attend the meeting. A statement by him to the convention was read by the secretary. Reference was made to the Public Lands Convention to be held in Denver in the middle of the month. He stated that the call for the convention seemed to intimate that it was intended to recommend the conveyance to the States of the reserved areas within their respective borders and the throw- ing open to entry of the land. The Committee on Resolutions announced that it was ready to make its report, and Chairman Edwin Stearns, secretary of 10 the Oakland Chamber of Conunerce, presented the report as follows, which was adopted by unanimous vote: To THE Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee. Gentlemen: Your Committee on Resolutions begs to make the following report : WhereaS;, The Counties Committee of The California Pro- motion Committee fully recognizes the importance to California of other leading industries, yet it believes that irrigation and colonization are the most potent factors in the development of the State as a whole ; and, Whereas^ We believe the extension of irrigation throughout the arid and semi-arid portions of California will prove of lasting benefit to the State in fostering other industries, in creating small irrigated holdings, in converting large grain ranches into culti- vated, diversified farms, in lessening the imports and increasing the exports of soil products, in making country life more attrac- tive and in upbuilding the Commonwealth by the establishment of a large number of country homes; and. Whereas^ Through irrigation, over two million acres of bar- ren sands and unproductive stock ranches and grain fields have been converted into valuable orchards, vineyards and farms, sup- porting a dense population of enterprising citizens; and. Whereas^ We recognize its importance in the future in the reclamation of additional millions of acres of alluvial plains now yielding low returns on account of a rainless summer, of rich delta lands subject to overflow, and of fertile bench lands in the foot- hills and mountains ; therefore, be it Resolved, That we heartily commend all enterprises of a legiti- mate character, both private and public, which have for their main objects the furnishing of a water supply for low producing lands, and the establishment thereon of industrious settlers; be it further Resolved, That we earnestly recommend that more encourage- ment and financial assistance be given to all legitimate enterprises that are laboring to promote the welfare of rural communities in irrigated districts, and are striving to extend the benefits to be derived from the proper use of water to other localities; be it further Resolved, That we approve and commend the forestry policy of the State of California to perpetuate the forests by awakening public appreciation of their value, by furnishing advisory aid to owners of timber lands looking toward the adoption of cutting methods favorable to a second crop, and by aiding land owners with advice regarding forest planting. Resolved, That the efforts of the State toward forest preserva- tion are not commensurate with her interest therein, and we be- lieve that the State should bear an equal expense with the coun- 11 ties, during the dry season of the year, in protecting forest property from fires and apprehending those who violate the forest laws. Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to act in conjunction with the officers and committees of the Irrigation Congress to urge upon the Senators and Representatives of the National Congress the necessity for the creation of a strong irri- gation bureau under the United States Department of Agriculture. Resolved, That we heartily endorse the act creating the Forest Reserves, and the present policy of their administration, and we also highly commend our Chief Executive for the able stand he has taken in connection with the carrying out of this policy. Resolved, That we heartily endorse and commend the National Irrigation Congress and its work; and be it further Resolved, That the chairman is hereby empowered and directed to appoint fifty-seven delegates, one representing each county in California, from the Counties Committee of The California Pro- motion Committee to represent this committee in the deliberations of the National Irrigation Congress at Sacramento. Resolved, That we request the chairman of The California Promotion Committee to appoint from The California Promotion Committee a committee of five on California Forestry and Irri- gation for the purpose of carrying out the recommendations of this convention. Whereas^ The press of California has always exhibited a most worthy and commendable spirit of co-operation in the work of development, and has rendered great assistance to the organ- izations throughout the State; be it Resolved, That the thanks of the Counties Comjnittee of The California Promotion Conmiittee be, and are hereby, extended to the press of California for the many favors shown in the past, and the hope is expressed that the co-operation of the press, which has been of such great value in the upbuilding of the State, will be continued on the same generous lines. Resolved, By the Counties Committee of The California Pro- seventh semi-annual meeting, be extended to the citizens of Peta- motion Committee, that the thanks of the delegates to this, the luma for their hearty and cordial welcome, and we especially thank the Chamber of Commerce of Petaluma and the North of Bay Counties Association for the consideration displayed in the arrangements for the meeting, and for the liberality shown in the entertainment of the guests; be it Resolved, That a special vote of thanks be extended to the ladies of Petaluma, to the Chamber of Commerce of Sebastopol and the Chamber of Commerce of Santa Rosa for the entertain- 12 1 ment to the delegates fvirnished during the visits to those various places. (Signed) Edwin Stearns of Alameda County, L. J. Evans of Napa County, Arthur G. Nason of San Diego County, Geo. W. Pierce of Yolo County, H. A. Greene of Monterey County, Committee on Resolutions. H. H. Whitmore, at the request of Rufus P. Jennings, read a letter of greeting to the convention from J. W. Webb, secre- tary of the Stanislaus Board of Trade. Other messages to the convention were as follows: Cablegram from H. P. Wood, secretary of the Hawaiian Pro- motion Committee, formerly secretary of San Diego Chamber of Commerce: Honolulu, June 7, 1907. Jennings, Petaliuna, California, Best wishes for successful convention. From Colvin B. Brown, manager of the Eastern Bureau of The California Promotion Committee: New York, N. Y., June 7, 1907. Rufus P. Jennings, Care of Promotion Committee, Petaluma, California. Greetings from New York and best wishes for successful meeting. H. A. Greene of Monterey described the results he had in planting tan oak trees, having some of his own planting eight inches in diameter. He advised planting the acorns, seeds or cuttings in tin cans, which could be then buried and which would facilitate transplanting, preventing the roots from reaching out. The tin can, he said, rotted away in course of time. Mr. Greene stated, also, that he had planted redwood trees which were now of a height of fifteen feet. Arthur R. Briggs, secretary of the California State Board of Trade, was asked to speak, and said in part : This coming together of counties in convention — this bring- ing together of people from different parts of the State with dif- ferent interests — always does the people good. D. W. Coolidge, secretary of the Pasadena Board of Trade, expressed his appreciation of the papers read at the meeting. He said that in the southern part of the State another movement 13 had been inaugurated under the initiation of the Pasadena Board of Trade, which contemplated a connected system of good roads for California. Three million dollar bonds, he said, had been issued for macadamized roads on a vote of sixteen to one in favor of the issue, and other cities in that part of the State were getting in line, notably Los Angeles, through the efforts of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Coolidge stated a good roads association would be formed and three commissioners appointed. San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino and Santa Barbara Counties, Mr. Coolidge explained, were taking up the matter actively. C. E. Humbert, president of the Cloverdale Chamber of Com- merce, extended an invitation to the delegates to visit his com- munity and inspect the citrus groves, which, though small, he stated, showed the ability of the northern part of the State to cultivate those commodities successfully. A delegate from Santa Rosa expressed the hope that all would make the trip to that city on the following day. Rufus P. Jennings suggested that the occasion was a good opportunity for the delegates to get some information about the work of the North of Bay Counties Association, which he con- sidered one of the best district organizations in the State, work- ing as it did with representatives in various parts of the State, and he asked that Francis Hope, its special representative, be called on for a few words. Mr. Hope explained that stereopticon lectures had been given throughout the Pacific Coast, and that in five months' time fourteen thousand people had attended the lectures, resulting in much advertising to the five counties — Marin, Sonoma, Mendo- cino, Napa and Lake — represented, and in sending people to inspect the counties with a view to locating. Wilber Walker, secretary of the Oakland Merchants' Ex- change, who had been one of Alameda County's conunissioners to the St. Louis Exposition, congratulated the north of bay coun- ties on the progress they were making as evidenced by their cam- paigns of publicity. John H. Hartog, secretary of the Colusa County Chamber of Commerce, spoke briefly on the benefits of irrigation in his county. George W. Pierce of Yolo County, representing the Sacra- mento Valley Development Association, laid emphasis on the fact that irrigation benefited every citizen of the State, wherever 14 he lived and whatever his interests, for irrigation increased pro- duction and made conditions better on the farms, and this pros- perity was reflected throughout California. He paid a tribute to the late Will S. Green, formerly president of the Sacramento Val- ley Development Association, who had conceived a project for the irrigation of the whole Sacramento Valley by the building of a canal on the west side which woifld have been large enough for transportation requirements. The program of the meeting having been completed, on motion of Rufus P. Jennings, Chairman Sbarboro, with a rap of the gavel, declared the seventh semi-annual meeting of the Counties Committee of The California Promotion Committee adjourned, the Counties Committee to meet for its eighth semi-annual meet- ing at Fresno on December 14, 1907. The entertainment of the delegates had been carefully arranged and an elaborate program provided. On the day of the meeting a banquet was served in honor of the delegates by the Ladies' Improvement Club, following which a reception and dance was tendered at the club rooms of the Petaluma Lodge, No. 901, B. P. O. E. Both functions were heartily enjoyed, and the informal speeches of the delegates after the banquet expressed their appreciation of the hospitality tendered. On the following day the delegates were taken for a drive about Petaluma, being given an opportunity to visit the silk fac- tories and the incubator farms, and were then conducted by elec- tric cars to Sebastopol, where they were the guests at a luncheon given by the Sebastopol and Gold Ridge Chamber of Commerce, followed by a drive about Sebastopol, whence electric cars were taken to Forestville, visiting the Green Valley cherry cannery and Landscape View at Forestville. At Santa Rosa, visited in the afternoon, the party enjoyed a visit to Luther Burbank's home, reconstruction in the city was examined, and a drive taken to "Walnutmere" through the orchard and hop yards. In the evening a banquet was given by the Santa Rosa Chamber of Commerce in honor of the delegates, Mayor John P. Overton, president of the North of Bay Counties Asso- ciation, being toastmaster. The meeting and entertainment gave the delegates a lasting impression of the hospitality of the people of Sonoma County, and the trips throughout the valley furnished evidence in a vivid man- ner of the resources and native wealth of the Imperial County. 15 The following alphabetical list shows the accredited delegates and those present at the meeting, as well as the organizations represented : G. B. Anderson, Board of Trade, St. Helena, Napa County; Professor Leroy Anderson, director Chamber of Commerce, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County; G. E. Antoginni, Semi- weekly La Colonia Svizzera, San Francisco. Henry Barkmeyer, treasurer Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Ala- meda County; W. A. Beard, executive officer fifteenth session National Irrigation Congress, Sacramento; L. E. Blochman, sec- retary Chamber of Commerce, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County; Arthur R. Briggs, manager California State Board of Trade, San Francisco, John L. Camm, president Chamber of Commerce, Petaluma, Sonoma County; W. W. Casey, Board of Trade, San Mateo, San Mateo County; L. F. Cockroft, Advisory Committee of The California Promotion Committee, San Francisco; H. C. Coward, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; D. W. Cool- idge, secretary Board of Trade, Pasadena, Los Angeles County, and Mrs. Coolidge ; Alex. T. Crane, Chamber of Commerce, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County ; Francis Cuttle, chairman Tri-Counties Re- forestation Committee, Riverside, representing Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange Counties. E. F. De Camp, Chamber of Commerce, Willits, Mendocino County; Norman F. D'Evelyn, secretary Counties Committee, The California Promotion Committee, San Francisco; John Driver, president Board of Trade, San Leandro, Alameda County ; John Dubuis, Board of Trade, San Mateo, San Mateo County. Clarence E. Edwords, Chief of Publicity, The California Promotion Committee, San Francisco; L. J. Evans, president Chamber of Commerce, Napa, Napa County; H. F. Emlay, sec- retary Chamber of Commerce, Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. Geo. W. Fisher, Chamber of Conmierce, Oakland, Alameda County; Professor Samuel Fortier, Irrigation and Drainage In- vestigations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, and Mrs. Fortier; F. W. Foss, president Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda County; J. N. Frank, secretary Board of Trade, San Leandro, Alameda County ; Samuel Frank, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda Coupty; Amos A. Fries, Captain Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Los Angeles; N. S. Frost, City Engineer, Petaluma, Sonoma County. Theo. Gier, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; E. S. Graham, Board of Trade, Redlands, San Bernar- dino County; H. A. Greene, Promotion Committee of Merchants' Association, Monterey, Monterey County; W. T. Grubb, secretary Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Alameda County. J. V. Haire, president Chamber of Commerce, St. Helena, Napa County; John H. Hartog, secretary and manager Colusa County Chamber of Commerce, Colusa; Geo. Henderson, Hum- 16 boldt Chamber of Commerce, Eureka, Humboldt County; Geo. Hoffman, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; Francis Hope, representative North of Bay Counties Association, San Francisco, representing Sonoma, Napa, Marin, Mendocino and Lake Counties; J. W. Horn, Chamber of Commerce, Peta- Ivmia, Sonoma County; C. E. Humbert, President Chamber of Commerce, Cloverdale, Sonoma County, representing Sonoma, Lake, Napa and Mendocino Counties ; C. H. Hunt, director Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Alameda County. Rufus P. Jennings, chairman The California Promotion Com- mittee, San Francisco. R. S. Kitchener, Chamber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda County. Elmer Lamb, Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda County; P. L Lancaster, president Chamber of Commerce, Wil- lits, Mendocino County; F. A. Leach, Jr., vice-president Cham- ber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda County; Chas. F. Lee, trustee Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Alameda County, and Mrs. Lee; A. Lorsbach, Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Alameda County; G. B. Lull, State Forester, State Board of Forestry, Sacramento. Captain W. H. Marston, president Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast, trustee The Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, San Francisco ; H. M. Martin, Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda County; E. H. Marwedel, Board of Trade, Fruitvale, Alameda County; D. E. McKinlay, Congressman Sec- ond District, Santa Rosa; Geo. P. McNear, director Chamber of Commerce, Petaluma, Sonoma County; Percy E. Millberry, secre- tary Improvement Association, Lakeport, Lake County; T. H. Miller, chairman Board of Trade, Morgan Hill, Santa Clara County; C. A. Moody, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County; Francis M. Moody, Pasadena, Los Angeles County; C. M. Morse, Board of Trade, San Mateo, San Mateo County; A. E. Moutrey, Merced County Chamber of Commerce, Merced; E. F. Muller, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County. Arthur G. Nason, Chamber of Commerce, San Diego, San Diego County; John A. Neu, president Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, Fresno; Thomas Nunan, The Examiner, San Francisco. F. E. Olmsted, assistant forester, U. S. Forest Service, San Francisco. Geo. C. Pardee, Chamber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda County, and Mrs. Pardee; Dr. L. A. Perce, president Chamber of Commerce, Long Beach, Los Angeles County; Geo. W. Pierce, Sacramento Valley Development Association, Davisville, Yolo County, representing all the counties of the Sacramento Valley, and Mrs. Pierce. W. D. Reynolds, Chamber of Commerce, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County; Wm. Robertson, secretary Fresno County Chamber of Commerce, Fresno; J. C. Richardson, Mountain Counties Asso- 17 elation, Sierra City, Sierra County; Captain H. N. Royden, Board of Trade, San Mateo, San Mateo County. Andrea Sbarboro, chairman Counties Committee of The Cali- fornia Promotion Committee, San Francisco; Henry Schlucke- bier, director Chamber of Commerce, Petalimia, Sonoma County; Cragie Sharp, assistant secretary California State Board of Trade, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; J. Relmond Smith, Chamber of Commerce, Napa, Napa County; Edwin Stearns, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Oakland, Alameda County. H. A. van C. Torchiana, director Board of Trade, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County; W. A. Tough, director Chamber of Com- merce, Petaluma, Sonoma County; J. P. Twist, director Board of Trade, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. Max Vangi, LTtalia, San Francisco. Wilber Walker, secretary Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County ; Lew H. Wallace, Chamber of Commerce, New- port Beach, Orange County; J. J. White, Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; H. H. Whitmore, representative Stan- islaus Board of Trade, Modesto, Stanislaus County; H. G. Williams, president Merchants' Exchange, Oakland, Alameda County; W. W. Wilson, Chamber of Commerce, Newport Beach, Orange County; S. H. Wyckoff, secretary Chamber of Commerce, Napa, Napa County; S. N. Wyckoff, secretary Cham- ber of Commerce, Berkeley, Alameda County. F. W. Yokum, secretary Merced County Chamber of Com- merce, Merced, and Mrs. Yokum. 18 1 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JENNINGS, Chairman. I REDERICK TILLMANN, Jr.. Treastirer. . .President Tillmann & Bendel. ' AMES K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Armsby Company. ( EORGE A. BATCHELDER Vice-President E. H. Rollins & Sons. ^ WILLIAM J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Company. I IRBERT FLEISHHACKER Manager London, Paris and American Bank. > HLLIAM L. GERSTLE Secretary and Treasiirer Northern Commercial Company. .1 .. B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I W. HELLMAN, Jr Vice-President Union Trust Company of San Francisco. 1 [ERBERT E. LAW Capitalist. OHN MARTIN President John Martin & Company. '^/ILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navigation Company. I'. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Building Trades Council of California ^ WILLIAM H. METSON CampbeU, Metson &. Drew. W. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company. AMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Savings Bank. 'AMES ROLPH, Jr Hind, Rolph & Company. h. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels ft Brothers Company. yiNDREA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank. JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobin ft Tobin. iX)UGLAS S. WATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company. ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman. r. N. GILLETT Governor of California. BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER President University of California. DAVID STARR JORDAN i President Leland Stanford Jr. University. LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa. WILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Diego Counties South of Tehachapi. MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacramento Valley Counties. F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties. JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties. RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties. C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties. D. C. WILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties. W. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Coast Counties. ELIAS SQUIRES, Gibsonville Sierra Counties. LEWIS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist. ELLWOOD COOPER .., State Horticultural Commissioner. G. B. LULL State Forester. CHARLES S. FEE Passenger Traffic Manager Southern Pacific Company. W. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger TraflSc Manager Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western Pacific Railway. T. C. PECK General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Rail- road Company. S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company. A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mail Steamship Company. L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company. C. D. DUNANN General Passenger Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Company. FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM L. GERSTLE, Chairman. I. W. HELLMAN, Jr. GEORGE A. BATCHELDER. FREDERICK TILLMANN, Jr. JOHN MARTIN. CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman. JAMES K. ARMSBY. JAMES ROLPH, Jr. WILLIAM MATSON. W. S. PORTER. RECEPTION COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman. HERBERT E. LAW. HERBERT FLEISHHACKER. P. H. McCarthy. MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman. WILLIAM H. METSON. DOUGLAS S. WATSON. COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and representa- tive of all commercial organizations of each of the fifty-seven counties in California. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations throughout California, with a membership of more than thirty thousand. ^ Vol. IV. IVo.8. JULY 1907 10 Ccnis. $1.00 A Year GARDEN NUMBER FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE : A CALIFORNIA GARDEN EDITORIAL THE GARDENS OF CALIFORNM JOHANNES REIMERS THE SUNKEN GARDENS OF PASADENA D. W. COOLIDGE SEED-FARMS OF THE SANTA CLARA VALLEY JOS. T. BROOKS WILD-FLOWER GARDENING MARY ELIZABETH PARSONS CUT FLOWERS FOR THE MARKET CHARLES F. FICK OUR COSMOPOLitAN GARDENS BEUE SUMNER ANGIER FARMS OF CALIFORNIA CLARENCE E. EDWORDS PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS THE CAUFORMA PROMOTION COMMTITEE SAi riiicisco THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement ; encouragement." — Century Dictionaty. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco In California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION "FM TBtSE WIO DESIRE HE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE' GARDEN NUMBER *JULY, 190T Vol IV, No. 8 TEE CALIFORNIA PROMOHON COMMTmX CAUFORNU BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO EDITORIAL WT seems almost a redundancy of words to talk of flower-gardens in ^m California, which Is itself hardly less than an expansive and perennial ^1 garden. The population that has gathered here from every quarter of the globe does not fail to appreciate the floral possibilities of climate and soil, and throughout the State there is to be seen an indulgence in gardening more universal than elsewhere in America, or perhaps in the world. There is no little cot or bungalow too humble to have its rose- shadowed porch, and its riotous flower-jungles that grow up as Topsy grew. And the pretentious suburban estates pay not the less, but more, attention to this easy road to outdoor beauty. In California the landscape gardener finds his promised land. The hospitable climate excludes scarce a plant of any of the earth's zones, and so what happens in the human world has also transpired in the realm of plants. California is notably cosmopolitan in both. Without need of borrowing from other lands, however, California ex- hibits within her own confines a range of vegetable life well-nigh as various as that of the world as a whole. In the warm sun-bathed valleys rise many varieties of palms and other tropic and subtropic growths, and over their fronds the snow-fields and glaciers of alpine California lie against the sky. The hardy climber who scales those heights finds nestled under dripping snow-crusts many forms of flora allied closely to those of the polar zones. While midway between these two extremes occur in lusty growth all of the grains, berries, orchard fruits, and other forms of inter- mediate climes. In the basins of delicious cool, clear sea-water that remain at ebb-tide along the coast thrive the anemones and a thousand other marine forms that bespeak the cosmopolitanism of the California seas. And in the arid districts of the State there live those forms which are first cousin to the flora of the earth's great deserts. One characteristic of California as a gardenplace is the ideal situation afforded for the seed-farms. Not all the agricultural districts of the country, as Mr. Brooks points out, may aspire to this use. The rigors of the Eastern winters, and the various uncertainties of storms and seasons, all make against the craft of the seed-farmer, and all are conspicuously absent in the California realm. Another noteworthy thing is the variety and landscape value of the State's native shrubbery, the various forms needing but a transplanting to make a most charming type of garden ready grown. No choicer units for copse effects can be conceived than the various madrono and man- zanita growths that clothe the foothill slopes. The California communities are too young in their traditions as yet to have seriously considered the question of formal gardens which has for centuries engrossed the genius of the European gardeners. Here and there throughout the State, however, are already to be found effects of this sort, the sunken gardens of Pasadena, described by Mr. Coolidge, being noteworthy. As the generations come and pass there will be an increased attention given to this beautiful and mature art, for the natural landscape as well as climatic conditions provide our gardeners with every incentive to emulate and surpass the creations of their Italian exemplars in this direction. s THE GARDENS OF CALIFORNIA JOHANNEiS REIMERS WHEN winter storms come sweeping down from the arctic regions, spreading death before them over the wide prairies, over the mountains and valleys of the lands north and east of us, we here in California pick the fairest roses in our gardens. In fact, there is not a month in the year when flowers are not a-bloom, though it happens of a morning during the rainy season that there is a film of ice on still water and that the ground is a-glitter with hoar frost, which melts as soon as the sun rises. For this reason we have our winter gar- dens and our summer gardens. The former are a-bloom with all the posies of the north, and also with numberless flowers of the transequatorial coun- tries, that have brought their blooming habits with them from the summer- time of their homelands. Our summer gardens are a blending of the vegetation of the north, the semi-tropics, and the tropics — a wonderful conglomerate of form, character, and color, which the gardener must handle thoughtfully, lest he create an incongruous effect, as, for example, by planting the cool pine of the far north in consociation with the palm of the countries bordering on the hot desert. So California gardens have roses at Christmas-time, and during winter months bloom the pansies, the violets, the mignonettes, the wallflowers, the gillyflowers, and all the Dutch bulbs and the daffodils, and numberless beautiful shrubs from Japan and the transequatorial countries. Then also the calla is in full bloom along hedges and borders and where it has run wild into the adjacent fields, and the Acacia mollisima, bending under its load of pale yellow bloom, breathes fragrance far beyond the inclosure of the garden. The Japan camellia, seeking shady places, has then unfolded its rosette flowers, delighting in cool dewy nights, and the Australian euca- lypti stand in dark masses — great majestic trees of splendid color con- trasts, strong and upright, yet withal tender, with bending branches decor- ated with masses of myrtaceous flowers visited by the wild bee. Then, when spring comes the northland flowers pale before the inten- sity of the southern sun, and our summer garden opens its portal to us magnificently aglow with the voluptuous florescence of the warm lands. The stately palms unfurl new leaves; the pelargoniums and geraniums make new growth, peeping with their brilliant heads of flowers in through the windows of the first story; the orange has dropped its deliciously frag- rant flowers and is fast forming fruit; the oleander bedecks itself with bril- liant clusters of bloom, filling the garden with the warm fragrance of vanilla; the wide fields and hills, which during the winter were great won- derful gardens of wild flowers, have taken on their golden summer dress for the carnival of the sun. The migratory singers are leaving us after their winter visit; but the orioles have built their baggy nests and sing for us on early mornings — mornings so fragrant with the heavy aromas of the southlands that strange dreams fall upon one of a fair paradise. In these summer gardens grow the tender children of Eastern and Northern green- houses and hothouses. All the semi-tropics have contributed to them. Plant emigrants have come from summer islands of the Indies and the Pacific. Australian woodlands have sprung up In our gardens full of their strange unique charm. Japan has sent us her palms and numberless shrubs, her magnificent cryptomerias, her delicate, feathery bamboos, her anemones, chrysanthemums, and wistarias, her irises and peonies, ferns and creepers. Also South American countries have sent large contributions to California gardens — palms from great river-banks, cacti and yuccas from the burning deserts, magnificent semi-tropical conifers, glorious climb- ers, and shrubs from semi-tropical and tropical woodlands. It is not rare to see, incongruous and indicative of bad taste as it is, the white birch of the Far North side by side with the date-palm of the I Canary Islands. I use it simply as an illustration of the capability of Cali- fornia gardens. H California gardens are yet in their infancy, as is the State. One some- ^times wonders how they will look in the future, when trees that now are young have reached their full development, when palms that yet are mere children will have lifted their crowned heads looking far over the valleys and hills. New plants and shrubs from other lands are being introduced. The magnitude of plant material suited to California gardens is simply tremendous. And the way things grow out here! In the cold countries it takes one and two generations before a tree is worthy of that name. Here within a decade the eucalypti grow to veritable sky-scrapers. Three years ago I planted in the San Joaquin Valley a grove of eucalypti of a number of varieties. The trees came out of four-inch pots, and their stems were not as thick as a lead pencil. To-day these little seedlings, after three years' growth are more than twenty feet tall, with a trunk circum- ference of over twenty-five inches. And so with other trees and plants. The growing season is almost continuous, and effects in garden-making are reached within the limits of a year or two. To give a concise description of California gardens is almost impos- sible. They are so full of variations, so endless in form. Imagine, then, the most handsome shrubs, trees, and plants of the North, the semi-tropics, and to some extent the tropics, brought within the compass of one park, as is the case with Golden Gate Park of San Francisco. Imagine little home-gardens in towns and on farms filled with shady broad-branched trees laden with glorious fragrant flowers, fences overgrown with gerani- ums and delicate climbing tea-roses, stately palms on evergreen lawns, dark and silvery needlewood trees from the Himalayas and the Andes, from the Sierras and the Rockies, from Norway, and from New Zealand and Japan; glowing beds of cannas from the banks of the Ganges, and pale straw-colored lilies from our own great woodlands; little shy violets shaded by palm-leaves, bamboos, and feathery acacias; dark-leaved orange trees laden with golden fruit at the time of the year when the snow is deep on the Eastern prairies; tall swaying eucalypti with silvery trunks and dark bronze-green foliage, others with trunks glowing red in the sun, upholding dark masses of slender pending limbs and leaves; oleanders drinking sun- shine,— masses of brilliant flowers the whole long summer; broad-spreading fig-trees dropping sweet-burdened ripe fruit; gardens full of glowing color, of spicy fragrance under a glorious southern sky, where winter storms come not, where winter is spring, where summer is summer indeed. And about these cultivated gardens — cosmopolitan, ridiculously hospitable sometimes — are the tremendous gardens of the wild many-colored carpets stretching from the blue waves dashing over the wild west coast to the dark needle- woods and the purple snow-splashed peaks of the Sierra Nevada — "The Mountains of Light," as John Muir has named them. Then along the coast, within hearing of the restless thunder of the Pacific, are the gardens of the redwoods, — ferny, cool, moist, where the rhododendron grows and the wild lilies, where the yerba buena covers the forest ground, making every step a source of fragrance. And above it all the limitless, magnificent gar- den of our starry heaven, cloudless the whole long summer through, dripping with starlight on soft summer nights after warm days, when we are at rest under the tropical foliage of our California gardens. THE SUNKEN GARDENS OF PASADENA D. W. COOIilDGE Secretary Pasadena Board of Trade THREE years ago, perhaps the most unsightly spot in or near Pasadena was the ravines or hollows back of and belonging to the grounds of Mr. J. S. Cravens, whose palatial residence on South Orange Grove Boulevard, has for years been one of the show places in Pasa- dena. About this time, two years and a half ago, Mr. Adolphus Busch, the famous St. Louis brewer, purchased the Cravens place, and at the same time employed Mr. R. G. Fraser, one of the eminent landscape gardeners of which Pasadena has a number, and gave him carte blanche In the matter of beautifying this unsightly spot that had been used by Mr. Cravens as a horse-pasture. Subsequently Mr. Busch purchased adjoining property, so that in what is known as the Busch Gardens there are now over fifty acres and such a beauty spot as can hardly be imagined. All of the hollows and hills have been perfectly graded and terraced, and words are inadequate to picture to any human mind the indescribable beauty of the place. Think of over twenty-five acres of the most velvety of green lawns dotted here and there by ornamental shrubbery and live-oak trees ! On one of the rear slopes is a rock grotto with every imaginable varie- ty of fern and shade-loving plant growing in the niches of the rocks. It is reported that Mr. Busch has spent a sum approximating $100,000 on these gardens, which are viewed by this aesthetic millionaire for only a few weeks each year. These gardens are open to the public on Mondays and Thursdays of each week, and the sight is well worth a trip of many miles. Mr. Hulett C. Merritt is completing another sunken garden of an entire- ly different type. It is not at all extensive, covering not more than a half- acre, but It is unique, constructed on conventional lines, something after the old Roman or Grecian gardens. This garden is inclosed by concrete walls with pillars and balustrades. There is a small lake in the center. In which are growing numerous nymphaeas, or water-lilies. A few stately bay- trees at frequent intervals help to carry out the formal scheme Involved. There are other smaller sunken gardens in and about the city, but none in any way as pretentious as either the Busch or the Merritt gardens. SEED-FARMS OF THE SANTA CLARA VALLEY JOS. T. BROOKS Secretary San Jose Chamber of Commerce CALIFORNIA is now recognized as the largest seed-producing State in the Union. This industry has grown to immense proportions within the past fifteen years, and promises to increase in the future. The question has often been asked, "Why has California taken the lead in the production of seed or in seed-farming?" There must be some superiority over other States, or the farms would not have been established on such extensive scale. There are many States where during the summer seeds may be produced, but it is the uncertainty of production In the other States, while in California it is the positive surety of production. This fact brought men from the Eastern States years ago who were especially interested in this line, and they established in many counties very large seed-farms. In addition to their own farms, it is customary that they lease thousands of acres from farmers who raise the seed and Receive ample recompense for the production. In the East, the North, the liddle West, and the South there is the uncertainty of thunder-storms, and \n many sections severe wind-storms, which, when the products are matur- ing, would destroy, or at least render useless, the entire crop, so far as »e value of its seed. A wind-storm would lay an onion-field flat to the [round, or completely destroy the lettuce-seed, and in fact many other rarleties of vegetable- and garden-seed grown for seed purposes only. In California these difficulties are overcome, for our summers are free from lis danger, and on this account you will find along the Sacramento Valley ind down through the coast counties south from San Francisco and to Centura County many places where the seedmen are producing thousands )f tons, which are shipped to all parts of the world. The famous Santa Clara Valley, the northern limits of which are about thirty miles south from San Francisco, and protected on both sides by lountain ranges, which form a wedge at its southern limits, has now taken \e lead in acreage, and from a conservative estimate the various seed- farms in this valley now have under cultivation 7,000 acres, while the total icreage devoted to this industry in the State numbers 14,000 acres. The leed-farms throughout California are devoted principally to onion, carrot, lettuce, radish, salsify, spinach, and leek, and of garden seeds various varieties of sweet pea. I believe that the largest production of any one variety is the onion-seed. In addition to the above, one may secure the seed of asparagus, cauliflower, collards, endive, cabbage, brussels sprouts, kohl rabi, mustard, parsley, parsnip, squash, aster, balsam, candytuft, cal- endula, centaurea, giant cosmos, gypsophila, mignonette, nasturtium, poppy, phlox, stocks, verbena, and pinks, or dianthus. Of late years a new enterprise has been established in the raising of seeds, which was brought about through the efforts of the United States Government. It was found that canary-bird seed will mature to perfection in the Santa Clara Valley, and the result has been that within the past three years it has become an adjunct to the seed-farming industry of the State. These large seed-farms must not be conflicted with the thousands of nurseries throughout California, which propagate millions of plants and roses, and raise some seed on a small scale. The seed-farms are a distirvc- tive enterprise devoted exclusively to raising the various seeds above named on an extensive scale so that the Government and the large pickle-factories, the candy-factories, the bakeries, and various other lines of business may secure seeds in quantities which contracts could not be filled on lesser scale. The exportation of our seeds to England, Germany, France, Canada, and in smaller proportions to the other foreign countries has increased each year until at the present time it is customary for the wholesale seed-dealers of Glasgow, London, Liverpool, Berlin, Paris, Quebec, and Victoria to make annual trips to California, which, combined with the commercial element, becomes a pleasure outing as well. One does not become particularly imbued with a sense of the beau- tiful when speaking of onion, for we are so apt to think of the strong odor; but it is a beautiful sight to see a field of five hundred acres of onion-stalks, with their large clusters of bloom, bending and nodding to the gentle breeze, reminding one of the ocean ripples, a-glisten in the sunshine with every motion. A lettuce-field in bloom presents one mass of snowy white, and when the eye follows the tiny rows to the farther end of the field all seem to unite in one large mass of bloom. But the most charming and most effective combination of sweetness of odor and variety of color is found in the sweet-pea fields, where the many varieties are separated from one another by some other flower or vegetable, so that the pollen may not mingle, and that the seed may be true to its name. You may look in a straight line for a mile, until the bed tapers to apparently a point, — all one vast extension of bloom, each color separate, some white, some red, others variegated, and so on, until one has seen perhaps eighty-five varieties. The odor from the flowers so permeates the air that when driving near these farms or in traveling by on the steam-cars one becomes aware of their existence long before reaching the farms. The delicious sweet atmos- phere makes one feel that surely California is a land of fruits and flowers. With but few exceptions the cultivating of the seed-farms is done by hand, and hundreds of men are employed. There is the work of hoeing to keep back the weeds or grass, and in the early growth of the plants suf- ficient irrigation is necessary to insure a proper and continuous growth, and every detail is carefully watched that the seed may mature to perfection, as all depends on the vitality of the seed and its perfection. The reputation of the grower is at stake in this, and his sales and continued prosperity depend upon it. The California mustard-seed is used by the large pickle firms, while quantities must go for medicinal purposes, and it is found that the Cali- fornia mustard is more pungent and finds ready sale on account of its superiority. The vastness of this enterprise alone may be comprehended when one considers the millions of bottles of table mustard in use. Another industry in California, while it is not strictly classed among the seed-farms, is within that scope — ^the production of beans. The county of Ventura has taken the lead in this production, and the consumer of Boston baked beans little realizes that the bulk of Yankee beans are raised in Ventura County. The dried butter-beans which one finds in the stores all over the country have their home in this same county. In the Eastern States the butter- beans are grown on poles, while in California, on account of the dryness of the atrhosphere and the climatic conditions, the beans are permitted to run on the ground without support, or gather in bunches, supported only by the cluster of vines rising in a mass from the ground and held together by the tendrils which bind the stems. WILD-FLOWER GARDENING MARY e:lizabe:th parsons Author of "The Wild Flowers of CallforBia'> FEW people realize the possibilities of our native flowers for garden- making. We are all eager to obtain foreign plants, and willing to spend any amount of time and expense in their culture, but we neglect the magnificent things furnished us so lavishly by Nature within our own borders — things which foreign countries appreciate far better than we ourselves and which are in great demand among them. There are in our midst people who make it their business to collect and grow our native plants and bulbs to supply this demand of the foreign market. A very beautiful garden can be created by using nothing but our own trees, shrubs, flowers, and ferns. I have in mind one such garden, through which flows a little brook, now tumbling through a deep rocky gorge with fern-lined banks, now widening into a placid sheet with pebbly bottom, and again babbling along through grassy fields. In its upper reaches the shady banks are covered with the exquisite fronds of the maidenhair and five-finger ferns and the little golden-back fern and the alum-root with its beautifully mottled leaves, among which clamber the half-woody stems of the whipplea, while the long trailing stems of the fragrant yerba buena hang gracefully over the bank. Where the little stream emerges from its rocky gorge and flows quietly over the pebbles its banks are fringed on one side with the epipactis, or false lady's-slipper, one of our native orchids, and on the other by the Indian rhubarb (Peltiphyllum peltatum), whose large, fine leaves lean gracefully over and are reflected in the pool below. At this point there is a small islet in midstream, with several fine clumps of woodwardias Inter- spersed with leopard-lilies— those speckled beauties— and fringed about with the elegant fronds of the lady-fern. Back from the margin, in a small grove of noble redwoods, the ground is carpeted with the charming wood-sorrel (Oxalis Oregana) and the little yellow wood-violet (Viola sempervirens) out of which rises here and there the clintonia, most perfect of plants, with its symmetry of polished leaf, its tall cluster of fine crimson flowers, and later its beautiful blue berries. Here also two kinds of fairy-bells (Disporum) are to be seen growing with two species of false Solomon's-seal (Smilacina), and the wild ginger with its aromatic, shapely leaves and odd flowers mingling with little compa- nies of wood-anemones. At one point on the stream there is a thicket of azaleas, whose masses of white flowers fill the air with their delicious spicy fragrance in midsum- mer long after the flowering-currant, one of the earliest things to bloom, has passed away. A little way back from the stream, on the opposite side from the red- woods, the ground rises gently, and here a great oak makes a canopy of shade, and under Its picturesquely twisted branches various beds are gay with a great variety of plants, such as blue larkspurs, airy scarlet colum- bines, dicentras, hound's-tongues, woodland stars, godetias, clarkias, several kinds of pentstemons, collinsias, numerous gilias, the St. John's- wort, the eriophyllum, etc. On the upper side of the oak, still in the shade, but where the ground is well drained and where an abundance of rich leaf-mold has been placed, is the lily garden. This is the choicest spot of all, for here are growing many of our very finest flowers, — our lilia- ceous plants, — magnificent lilies, exquisite mariposa tulips in great varie- ty, globe-tulips, fawn-lilies, several kinds of fritlllarias (most graceful of flowers), brodiaeas of many species and of great variety of form and color- ing, and two or three beautiful kinds of iris, as well as a number of other lovely things. There is a little rustic bridge spanning the brook, over whose railing runs the wild clematis, which in midsummer is a mass of white bloom, and the violet nightshade, whose clusters of blue flowers are very pleasing. In another part of the garden, where two or three young trees have died, the wild morning-glory has completely covered their ruin with a bower of green foliage, flinging out its long sprays and making a beauti- ful sight with its delicate pink and white funnels. Below the oak, and somewhat lower down the stream, there is a little flat meadow. Here buttercups, white forget-me-nots, wild hollyhocks, golden pansies, cream-cups, wallflowers, gay scarlet paint-brushes, lark- spurs, shooting-stars, and wind-poppies make the ground brilliant in their seasons, and are followed by masses of tidy-tips in late spring. Where the shadow meets the sun the baby-blue-eyes draw heaven to earth. Another portion of this little field is sown entirely to eschscholtzia, and is the most brilliant mass of color in the garden on a sunny morning when every great satiny flower is open. Near by the blue-and-white lupine makes masses of amethystine color, and the pure white lupine is abundant and handsome. Here on many a late afternoon I have watched the white moons of the evening-primroses unfolding amid their silvery foliage. This garden is fortunate in having an abundant supply of water and a very considerable variety of soil and climate in a comparatively small space. To me one of its most interesting features is the shrubbery, for here are assembled a truly superb collection of fine native shrubs — a num- ber of species of wild lilac, the large-flowered dogwood, the Oregon grape or barberry, the sweet-scented shrub, the silk-tassel bush, wild roses, and spiraeas, the bridal wreath, syringa, tree-poppy, manzanita, rhododendron, fuchsia-flowered gooseberry, the Judas-tree, one or two species of rham- nus, or buckthorn, and several of rhus, or sumach, and many more — all beautiful. There is one small swampy spot which is filled with the beautiful blue kamass, and another open, exposed place which in driest summer is gay ^ with the various tarweeds, the scarlet bugler, the California fuchsia, and the blazing-star. Clumps of squaw-grass, a plant resembling a small pampas-grass with tall plumes of white flowers, and several of the mag- nificent matilija poppies and some yuccas, or Spanish bayonets, stand a little apart by themselves. The fernery is one of the most attractive portions of the whole garden on a warm day, for its dim cool shade and its delicate greenery offer a most agreeable rest to eyes overtaxed by gay color-masses. The cactus corner is another feature; but though it is remarkable for the odd forms it contains, I must confess that to me it is not so pleasing as other parts of the garden. I could continue to talk about this garden, for it is a source of par- ticular delight to me, inasmuch as it realizes a long-cherished dream of my own — to see a garden exclusively of wild plants under ideal conditions. There are many others of our native plants worthy of cultivation, some of which indeed are cultivated already, such as the wonderful crimson pea (Lathyrus splendens), the various kinds of mimulus, or monkey-flowers, ranging in color from delicate pink to yellow and even red. Then there is the beautiful thistle-poppy (Argemone platyceras), which is a close rival of the matilija poppy, the wild Canterbury-bell, the beautiful scarlet pink, the lovely polemonium, several charming nemophilas, the chia and the thistle-sage, the romero, our two species of fine trilliums, the Vancouveria with its glossy leaves, a number of lovely asters and daisies, and a couple of beautiful cypripediums, or lady's-slippers, and others too numerous to mention. For border plants the hen-and-chickens might serve as well as its cultivated relative, and the beach strawberry is very handsome for the same purpose, as it is one of the finest of the genus in its foliage and flowers. For climbers the honeysuckle and the climbing pentstemon are beautiful, the former for its translucent scarlet berries and the latter for its glossy rich foliage and gay scarlet flowers. The wild cucumber can drape any unsightly fence with its handsome foliage, and nothing could surpass in picturesqueness the wild grape festooned from tree to tree, making charming natural bowers. For hedges the toyon, or Christmas-berry, is very effective, the only objection being that when the clusters of scarlet berries are ripe the temp- tation is great to marauders who are not scrupulous in the manner of cutting them, but usually mutilate and ruin the bushes. The holly-leaved cherry (Prunus ilicifolius) is another fine hedge shrub, and its close rela- tive, the Sierra wild plum (Prunus subcordata), is a beautiful little tree in cultivation. Indeed, one could make a very interesting arboretum of our native trees if one had space and the proper condition of soil and climate. I wish that more people would try this fascinating kind of gardening and publish the results of their experiments for the benefit of others. CUT FLOWERS FOR THE MARKET CHARLES F. FICK AMONG the best attractions of San Mateo County, and especially of San Mateo City, are the large and most beautiful gardens of the San Francisco millionaires located there and also the largest nurs- eries on the Pacific Coast for growing cut flowers. It is a well-known fact that San Mateo County furnishes the finest quality of cut flowers not only to California towns, but also to Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and other States of the Union. There have never been enough 10 I grown to supply the demand for choice roses, carnations, lilies, chrysan- themums, sweet-peas, violets, and other cut flowers. The business of raising cut flowers for the market in this county is enormous, and millions of dollars are invested in it. It is nearly fifteen years since choice long-stemmed flowers, roses, carnations, and large- sized chrysanthemums, came into demand in San Francisco. The grow- ers now in business in San Mateo and vicinity were the first to see the opening for money-making, and still retain the lead in quality of product. One may go now into any of these large establishments and be convinced in a short time of the superior size and beauty of the flowers grown, and incidentally note the many prizes given by floral societies of different cities, to be seen in the offices of these establishments, having been won in competition with similar establishments in the city and elsewhere. Among the large establishments in San Mateo is one place of 120,000 square feet of glass, covering about three acres of ground. (Five thousand feet will give a house 150 feet long by 25 feet wide.) This firm raises only the very choicest of roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, lilies, and orchids. The foreman is always glad to show visitors around. Two large boilers heated with oil supply the warmth in the dark days of winter. Flowers are sold at wholesale, no retailing being done on the place. Another large place of similar dimensions in the same locality grows roses, carnations, and lilies of the valley, and the choicest of these are shipped every day to all parts of the country. Boilers are used here to supply the heat and also to pump water for the plant. Twelve thousand gallons of oil arrive weekly at the nursery for use as fuel by this and neigh- boring establishments. Ferns and miscellaneous cut flowers and plants are grown in the heart of San Mateo, one establishment having a range of about 10,000 square feet of glass. One house specializes in palms and carnations, with a capacity of about 25,000 square feet of glass. Another devotes some 30,000 square feet of glass wholly to carnations. Some 75,000 young plants leave every spring to be shipped to the North, South, and East. This grower is about the only large shipper of this kind of stock on the Coast. Another nurseryman is supplying the country round with trees, shrubs, etc., from some 250 acres in nursery stock in Millbrae. A nursery in the Visitacion Valley is the largest grower of maidenhair fern, and does a great shipping business to interior cities. Roses and carnations are also grown extensively here, their place covering about 110,000 square feet of glass. In the northerly part of the county are the violet-growers. Hundreds of acres are devoted to these flowers. This is the cooler part of the county, and well adapted for the violet, which likes cool and foggy weather. In the northern part of the county a place of about 100,000 square feet of glass is given to carnations, roses, lilies of the valley, and other stock. Other flower-growers in the vicinity are too numerous to mention. Millions of dollars are invested in this business, and a very good profit derived from the sale of the flowers goes to the successful grower. It is difficult to say how much profit is In this kind of business, as it changes every year; but there Is always enough made to pay running expenses, which, by the way, are very heavy, especially in the winter, besides what goes to swell the bank account from year to year and to furnish a comfort- able living. After a visit to the nurseries It is interesting to visit also some of our wealthy private places which congregate in San Mateo and Menio Park. It is really hard to find another city located like San Mateo where wealthy San Franciscans have settled down amongst the foothills and under the shade of the beautiful oak trees. These people know that there is not a prettier spot In the United States, and are continually striving to make it still lovelier, one trying to do a little better than the other. All have the best gardeners money can employ, and they get the best help, with green- houses stocked with the choicest ferns, palms, and every other plant imaginable. Frames with glass coverings are used to start and raise the 11 plants needed for the beautiful flower-beds which surround their homes. Large and rare trees are imported to be set out on the lawns. Almost all these estates have their swimming-tanks of concrete, some as long as one hundred feet and fifty in width. All have their tennis courts, and some have race-tracks and polo-fields, the polo-team of San Mateo and Burlingame being known the world over. OUR COSMOPOLITAN GARDENS BBLLB SUMNER ANGIER Aatbor of «The Garden Book of California" THE hooded oriole is making a great fussing and chattering out in the garden. It is "building season," and he has taken possession of the big Abyssinian banana, and, as the majority of the male kind is apt to do. Is actively "pulling down" in order that he may "build up" accord- ing to his own creative ideas. If I were not the most patient creature in the world, and a constant lover of birds, I should surely remonstrate with him, for he rips, rips, rips at the great glorious smooth green leaves with their magnificent red midrib until he gets hold of a fiber or thread, then zip — bang! a crack in the leaf, and he flies off triumphantly with his home- grown building material, which he has firmly attached to the underside of the leaf that comes nearest under my window, where he is weaving his long nest, while he leaves the rest of the tree most ragged and sorry-looking I must admit. 1 can scarce find time to write about him, so attractive do I find his yellow and black and white plumage, with its glint of orange here and there. His wife is not so gay in attire, but she is a graceful, slender creature in dun and yellow, and I do like the way in which she keeps her liege lord and master about his business! She sits on the tele- phone-wire and gives advice at intervals in low but emphatic notes. I think she does n't half approve of his belonging to a union, which he cer- tainly must, as he only works about half as long as do all the other birds about, and never overtime. Sitting here at the upstairs window of my den this lovely May morn- ing watching the oriole, I have been idly recalling the nativity of the trees and shrubs and plants in my garden. It is here I think lies one of the chiefest charms of the California garden — its cosmopolitan make-up. Here the Southern oriole with his brilliant plumage is nesting in the rarely beautiful Abyssinian banana. Over yonder a demure brown wren has housed in an Italian cypress, the linnet has her nest in a Japanese honey- suckle vine, and a quaint little brown bird that looks like a thrush has found a resting-place for the summer months in a weeping willow that tradition says formed its habit of weeping on the banks of the Tiber. Here are palms from North Africa, the south of India, and the remote canons of Northern Mexico, ivy from England, the pepper-tree (Schinus molle) from Peru, and calla lilies from the heart of South Africa. My roses are hybrids, from France perhaps, and at least one from sunny Spain. Australia has furnished acacias with golden bloom that fill the air with sweetness. A rare wistaria that may have come from either China or Japan climbs over the balcony, while brilliant-hued cannas from Guiana flank the rear walls. Mexico, South America, Switzerland, and Norway have representatives among the trees, and Holland has furnished some of the bulbs. I have only a tiny formal garden myself, but I venture to assert that the gardens of Thorne Street on this block could produce flowers that find their nativity in other lands until every nation of the world would be represented — and more, for there is always California to be remembered, and no mean place has our beloved State taken in furnishing the gardens of the world with la I ^■rondrous bloom. Our eschscholtzias, our calochortus, or Mariposa lilies, ^^ur wonderful Romneya, or "crepe poppy," our weird cacti, our magnifi- cent conifers, all have made reputation abroad for us among flower-growers, while every year adds new triumphs for the hybridizers who, following in the way of the wizard of Santa Rosa, are constantly adding new blossoms to our already long list of garden favorites. The fact that we have what ^Benjamin Ide Wheeler has aptly termed "forty-nine dooryard climates" ^prithin forty-nine miles of any given point makes it possible for us to grow ^ut-of-doors plants from almost any part of the world, and there is nothing that gives me greater personal pleasure than to take some notable botanist or flower-grower from foreign lands, as has often been my privilege, through a, few of our simple home gardens and hear their exclamations of surprise and delight at the rare plants that have been collected together from the ends of the earth and which are grown so easily and at so little expense. FARMS OF CALIFORNIA CL^RENCK E. EDWORDS Of The California Promotion Committee I WITH forty million acres of her land arable, and with ten million more of the so-called desert land waiting only the coming of water in irrigation ditches to make them blossom and bear fruit, California presents a wonderful field for the home-seeker in the way of agriculture. The remaining fifty million acres of mountain and non-arable desert forms an immense pasture, where cattle and sheep may find feed in unlimited quantity and unsurpassed quality. California land is peculiar in that it presents greater opportunities than are to be found elsewhere. The soil of California is of such richness that it will grow more to the seeding than any other soil, and the climate is so beneficent that it will permit of more crops than any other land. Here we have the elements which go to make the perfect agricultural land. It is a recognized fact among agriculturists that "everything will grow in Cali- fornia." Not only is this true, but with the same methods of farming here as are in vogue elsewhere the farmer will get double results. It must be remembered in this connection that California methods are not different from those of other lands. The farmer who comes to California from some other country has nothing to unlearn and nothing to learn so far as farming methods are concerned. Irrigation means much to the California farmer. It means a constant crop and a diversified crop. Extensive grain farming in California is grad- ually giving way to the small farm on which Is raised a diversified crop. The big wheat fields of twenty years ago are rapidly passing, and the great tracts of land are being cut up into small tracts. The land must now be made to produce the high-priced crops, and there is no product to be found in all the world that cannot be produced in California on some of its farms. Twenty acres of good California land — and there is little that is not good — will give a man all the comforts of life. Under present con- ditions in California the small farmer enjoys the most attractive home life. He has his ground under the highest state of cultivation; he is in close con- nection with his neighbors by telephone; he has electric light and power for his house and farm buildings; he has rapid transit to nearby cities; he has his neighbors so close that it is better than If he were in a city; he has his schools, the best in the land, where his children may be educated ac- cording to the most modern methods. Above all, he has his three hundred and sixty-five days in the year when he and his family can enjoy "all out doors" and when his stock fare equally as well. PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS PRELIMINARY steps have been taken to establish a country club at Palms, near Los Angeles, at an outlay of $500,000. The total outlay for five business structures, facing both sides of Sutter Street, San Francisco, in the one block between Grant Avenue and Kearny Street, will amount to nearly two millions of dollars. Every structure has been leased for twenty years, and the con- tracts for every one of the buildings have been let within the past thirty days. The business houses who have taken the leases constitute the leading firms In their lines of business in San Francisco. These new build- ings will all be^ class A structures, while those which occupied the ground before the big fire were class C. Highlands, in San Bernardino County, has shipped thirteen hundred cars of citrus fruits this season. The preliminary work is now in progress toward reclaiming 22,000 acres of rich bottom land near Marysville. Statistics based on the directories of three transbay cities give popula- tions as follows: Oakland, 210,345; Berkeley, 46,665; Alameda, 33,974. The Tulare County ranchers are reaping the heaviest hay crop in many years. Many new settlers are coming into Stanislaus County, and surveyors are plotting a new town, at Claus, near Modesto. In the Greenwater mining district, Inyo County, there was one hoist in operation nine months ago. Now there are twenty hoists being put in, and many more are contemplated. Fruit-canneries and packing-houses throughout the State are short of help. Several thousand women and girls could find immediate em- ployment. The prune-growers in the vicinity of Visalia are selling the crop on a three-cent basis, as against two and a quarter cents last year. Notwithstanding the fact that Sutter County felt the effects of the heavy spring flood, the indications are that it will have a record crop of peaches, prunes, and grapes. A big brick and tile factory at Eckley, in Contra Costa County, is nearing completion. It will have a capacity of 200,000 bricks daily. Steps are being taken to open up for settlement 14,000 acres of fertile land in the Yucaipe Valley, near Redlands. Work is now being pushed on the new cement plant at San Juan, in San Benito County. A spur track will be laid, and sixteen cars of material are already on the ground. The new power-station at Volta, in Tehama County, is now com- plete, with a water-pressure of 640 pounds to the square inch. The Women's Improvement Club of Modesto is improving twenty acres of park land in that city. The proceeds of the fiesta will be devoted to the same purpose. Last season more than eleven hundred cars of grapes were shipped from Lodi, and all signs point to a largely increased crop this year. The reconstruction of the Spring Valley Building, in San Francisco, is now under way, and there are 160 tons of structural steel on the ground. The August Number of For California Will be devoted entirely to fishing and the fisheries of California. Articles by experienced writers will be contributed on the game fishes of ocean, lake, and stream. The economic aspects of the fisheries of California will also be dealt with, and Dr. David Starr Jordan will have an article on the varieties of trout to be found in the streams of the State. 14 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Articles by men prom- inent in reconstruction work. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. Describing the fifty-seven counties of the State. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Describing the mineral spring resorts in various parts of California. Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907. Describing the mountain re- sorts in various parts of California. Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907. Describing the coast pleasure resorts of the State. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One size. (Price 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE RUFUS P. JENNINGS, Chairman FREDESRICK TILLMANN, JR., Treasurer . President Tlllmann & Bendel JAMES K. ARMSBY President The J. K. Armsby Company GEORGE A. BATCHEL.DER Vice-President E. H. Rollins & Sons "WILLIAM J. DUTTON President Fireman's Fund Insurance Company HERBERT FLEISHHACKER Manager London, Paris and American Banlc WILLIAM L. GERSTLE Secretary and Treasurer Northern Commercial Company R, B. HALE Treasurer Hale Bros. Inc. I. W. HELLMAN, JR Vice-President IJnlon Trust Company ot San Francisco HERBERT E. LAVl^ Capitalist JOHN MARTIN President John Martin & Company WILLIAM MATSON President Matson Navigation Company P. H. McCarthy President San Francisco and State Building Trades Council of California W^ILLIAM H. METSON Campbell, Metson & Drew W. S. PORTER Vice-President Associated Oil Company JAMES D. PHELAN President Mutual Savings Bank JAMES ROLPH, JR. Illnd, Rolph & Company I A. B. SPRECKELS Vice-President J. D. Spreckels & Brothers Company ANDREA SBARBORO President Italian-American Bank ! JOSEPH S. TOBIN Tobla & Tobin DOUGLAS S. W^ATSON President Metropolitan Improvement Company ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. B. SPRECKELS, Chairman J. N. GILLETT Governor of California BENJAMIN IDE WHEELER President University of California DAVID STARR JORDAN President Leland Stanford Jr. University LUTHER BURBANK Santa Rosa W^ILLIAM E. SMYTHE, San Diego Counties South of Tehachapl MARSHALL DIGGS, Sacramento Sacrrmento Valley Counties F. M. SMITH, Oakland San Francisco Bay Counties JOHN P. OVERTON, Santa Rosa North of Bay Counties RETURN ROBERTS, Madera San Joaquin Valley Counties C. P. SOULE, Eureka North Coast Counties D. C. W^ILLIAMS, Santa Barbara South Coast Counties W. A. CLARK, Mountain View Central Coast Counties ELIAS SaUIRES, GIbsoavUlc Sierra Counties LEWIS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist ELLWOOD COOPER State Horticultural Commissioner G. B. LULL State Forester CHARLES S. FEE Passenger Traffic Manager Southern Pacific Company W. A. BISSELL Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway W. J. BARTNETT Vice-President Western Pacific Railway T. C. PECK General Passenger Agent San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad Company S. H. SMITH General Passenger Agent Sierra Railway Company _« A. G. D. KERRELL General Passenger Agent Pacific Mall Steamship Company H^ L. F. COCKROFT General Passenger Agent Oceanic Steamship Company ^ C. D. DUNANN General Passenger Agent Pacific Coast Steamship Company FINANCE COMMITTEE WILLIAM L. GERSTLE, Chairman « I. W. HELLMAN, JR. FREDERICK TILLMANN, JR. 9 GEORGE A. BATCHELDER JOHN MARTIN M CONVENTIONS COMMITTEE JOSEPH S. TOBIN, Chairman JAMES K. ARMSBY JAMES ROLPH, JR. WILLIAM MATSON W. S. PORTEai RECEPTION COMMITTEE WILLIAM J. DUTTON, Chairman HERBERT E. LAW HERBERT FLEISHHACKER P. H. McCarthy MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE R. B. HALE, Chairman WILLIAM H. METSON DOUGLAS S. WATSON COUNTIES COMMITTEE ANDREA SBARBORO, Chairman, and rep- resentative of all commercial organl- Eatlons of each of the fifty-seven counties in California. AfiUlated wftth the Committee are one hundred an4 elghty-flve commercial organizations throoghoat Callfor^a, vrlth a menabershlp of more than thirty thousand. I. IV. No. 9. AUGUST 1907 11 Celts. |l.«e A Year BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee JULY 31, 1907 ALIFORNIA is in the midst of its harvest season, and from all parts of the State The California Promotion Committee is receiving splendid reports of crops and price conditions, showinij that the State is passing irough an era of unexampled prosperity. With the exception of runes, apricots and asparagus reports show that the output is cceptionally fine, with an Eastern demand that exceeds former jcords. Prices are very high, and even in crops which are short reducers will have best results. There is a dearth of labor in all agricultural districts, and lousands of people can find immediate employment at remunera- ive wages. Canneries and packing houses note great scarcity of ielp, notwithstanding a high wage that is being offered. Railway building, both steam and electric, is progressing Tapidly in many parts of, the State, many lines promising opera- tion during the coming month. Wide development of the interior is promised through this construction, and with it a more in- tensive settlement through subdivision of large tracts into small farms, for which there is great demand. Building operations in all parts of the State show great in- •I'ease. In San Francisco conditions are rapidly improving, prices of building material having returned to about normal, and much outside capital coming in for investment. There is strong financial sentiment, as is indicated by increased bank deposits and increased bank clearings. The following summary for July shows California conditions : San Francisco building permits, $4,752,778. San Francisco building permits since the fire, $78,250,620. lios Angeles building permits, $1,245,174. San Diego building permits, $149,450. Oakland building permits, $373,085.50, San Francisco real estate sales, 620 ; value, $1,650,000. San Francisco bank clearings, $176,470,396.11. San Francisco bank clearings, July, 1906. $160,631,793.87. San Francisco bank clearings, July, 1905, $148,405,121.81. Los Angeles bank clearings, $46,812,383. Oakland bank clearings, $10,262,054. San Jose bank, clearings, $2,232,139.99. San Francisco Customs receipts, $803,085.96. RELIAl^LE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA ON APPLICATION. BS3.il C M— C N F X— 7-2a-07 «,iif« ^»/»»p.'t rai »» iga«»T».ii. ji.aa»..i»ai'u >:. j»i« aeHHi S^JJ-liillUi^ ^qVH ^•l.IV. No. 10. SEPTEMBER mi le Cents. SIM A Yeir RIVERS AND HARBORS NUMBER FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE : RELIEF MAP, SHOWING OF CALIFORNIA EDITORIAL SAN JOAQUIN RIVER COMMERCE CALIFORNIA HARBOR LEGISLATION THE HARBOR OF MONTEREY HARBOR OF SAN DIEGO IMPROVING CALIFORNIA'S RIVERS PORT HARFORD, OR SAN LUIS BAY THE HARBOR AT SANTA BARBARA THE HARBOR OF SAN FRANCISCO THE VENICE OF AMERICA HARBOR HUMBOLDT HARBOR SACRAMENTO RIVER COMMERCE SAN PEDRO HARBOR HARBORS AND WATERWAYS J. M. EDDY CLARENCE E. EDWORDS NEY OTIS JDHN S. MILLS RUFIS P. JENNINGS r MYRON ANGEL IL E. BLOCHMAN SYLVESTER J. McATEE WAITER J. KENYON ABBOn KINNEY COL. W. H. HEIER JOHN C. ING AMOS A. FRIES THE CAUFORMA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO TOE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act oj promoting; ad-uancement; encouragement.'' — Century Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new. industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco In California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBLICATION FOR 11«$E WHO BESIRE TIE BEST TIERE IS IN LIFE" RIVERS AND HARBORS NUMBER SEF»XEIVIBER, lOOT Vol IV, No. 10 THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITIIE CAUFORNIA BlILDING, UNI9N Sf HARE SAN FRANCISCO SAN JOAQUIN RIVER COMMERCE J. M. EDDY Secretary of the Stockton Chamber of Commerce THE San Joaquin River as a commercial highway has been one of the most important factors in the development of interior California. For more than half a century this waterway has been regularly navigated between San Francisco and Stockton and the people of the latter city have devoted their public energies and their private fortunes more directly and persistently toward the maintenance of open waterway connec- tion with San Francisco Bay than to any other avenue of development. The lines of steamers plying daily between the wharves of Stockton and San Francisco have always been in competition with railroad traffic, and have been concededly potent in the regulation of rates and fares, not only from Stockton to the Bay, but from and to all intermediate points and on the many connecting waterways navigated by smaller craft. The distance from Stockton to San Francisco by water has been short- ened in recent years by cut-offs made by the State and Federal governments, and is now stated as 104 miles, not materially differing from the distance by rail. In addition to this main waterway, affected by the ebb and flow of the tides, and daily navigated by passenger and freight steamers, the San Joaquin River is navigated by lighter craft during many months of the year for upwards of one hundred miles above Stockton. The utility of this tidal waterway is greatly enhanced by a maze of navigable affluents, sloughs, and canals interlacing the rich delta lands of the lower San Joaquin basin between Stockton and Antioch, constituting a system of commercial highways five hundred miles in length, thus afford- ing the cheapest and most convenient means of transportation for one of the most productive regions on the American continent. The passengers carried by river steamers is estimated by the navigation companies at 70,000 annually. The Stockton Chamber quotes the report of the State Board of Trade to the effect that more than one fourth of the shipments of fruit of all kinds from the State to Eastern points is credited to the Stockton terminal, thus exhibiting the important bearing of the San Joaquin waterway on railroad shipments and rates. It is justly claimed in behalf of the improvement and canalization of the San Joaquin River that it differs from most California streams in being a tidal channel instead of being torrential in its character, and the sweep of the tides from the Golden Gate to the wharves of Stockton afford a perpetual guarantee of preservation of a deepened channel. The rich delta lands of the San Joaquin, which are below the ordinary level of the water in the river, and the fact that as late as August the stage of water at the bridge near Lathrop is fifteen feet above low-water mark, are potent arguments framed by nature itself in favor of a waterway which will permit navigation by vessels drawing fifteen feet. Stockton claims to be the only interior city of the continent where four transcontinental railroads have entered her corporate bounda/ies and sought waterfront privileges. The Central Pacific, by way of Ogden, the Southern Pacific, by the Sunset Route, the Santa Fe, and the Western Pacific are here to meet the tides and to aid in the world distribution of marvelous output of choice food which the rich valley produces. The policy of the national government should be to encourage and facilitate commerce by all reasonable efforts to extend safe and convenient navigation to the farthest points possible from the oceans into the continent. The development of the resourceful interior of California, the wonderful strides in production made by the great San Joaquin Valley, where the value of both the agricultural and manufacturing outputs have doubled in seven years demand that prompt measures be taken to place the region in touch with the world's commercial energies. CALIFORNIA HARBOR LEGISLATION CLARO'CB E:. BDWORDS EALIZING the vast importance of the State's harbor as a factor in the development of California, the Counties Committee of the Cali- fornia Promotion Committee, at its sixth semiannual meeting, held at San Diego December 15, 1906, thoroughly discussed the subject of harbor improvement and adopted resolutions requesting the national and State governments to appoint commissions for the purpose of mvestigating and reporting on the needs of the various harbors of the State, a result of this action the Committee on California Harbors of the Cali- rnia Promotion Committee prepared and presented to the State Legis- ture the following resolution: — "Resolved, that a special committee of six members be appointed from e Legislature of the State of California, consisting of three members from he Senate, to be appointed by the president thereof, and three members from the Assembly, to be appointed by the speaker thereof, to investigate the condition of the harbors of the State, and to make recommendations for legislation necessary to be enacted at the next session of the Legislature. "Resolved, that it is the sense of the Legislature that the report should be comprehensive in all respects, and that it should include not only existing conditions and facilities, but also recommendations for financing future permanent improvements." This was unanimously adopted as a joint and concurrent resolution by both houses of the Legislature, and in pursuance thereof a committee was appointed consisting of the following members: For the Senate — Leroy A. Wright (chairman), Edward I. Wolfe, and T. J. Kennedy; for the Assembly — Percy A. Johnson, Louis Strohl, and W. B. Leeds. This committee estab- lished headquarters in California Building, San Francisco, and held its first meeting there July 1 8, 1 907. This meeting was attended by representatives of all the commercial organizations of San Francisco, who presented their views regarding what was needed to improve the harbor. It was the sense of this meeting that such recommendations be made to the Legislature by the committee as would call for a State bond issue of sufficient amount to cover the requirements of all the harbors of California, as these harbors were the property of the entire State, and the whole people benefited therefrom. The legislative committee investigated the San Francisco harbor by a personal visit, and on Monday, July 21st, visited Oakland and met repre- sentatives of the commercial bodies of that city at the rooms of the Cham- ber of Commerce, listening to such recommendations as were offered, and then visited Oakland harbor for personal inspection. The committee then adjourned to meet at the call of the chairman at an Diego, and from there will proceed along the coast, visiting the harbors Long Beach, San Pedro, Los Angeles, Port Harford, Monterey, Eureka, nd other points from which information is desired. The commercial bodies of these various points have been requested to have prepared data and statistics shovving the business and needs of the ports, so that they can be examined by the committee without delay on its visit. At the San Diego meeting of the Counties Committee of the California Promotion Committee representatives were present from fifty-one of the fifty-seven counties of California, and all were of the decided opinion that the time had come when California should take care of its harbors, as the importance of these outlets for the products of the entire State Is now recognized by the entire State. The joint legislative committee will make a thorough investigation not only of present conditions but of the possibilities of commerce coming from the increased importance of the Pacific Ocean, and it is expected that this showing will result in material betterment of existing conditions in every harbor in California. « THE HARBOR OF MONTEREY NEY OTIS Secretary of the aionterey Promotion Committee LOOKING at the superb harbor of Monterey, the Idea forces itself on one's mind that its placid waters, so eloquently proclaiming shelter and safety, ought to be covered by a forest of masts and funnels. Whilst this is not as yet the case, the time is fast approaching when it will bear the same relation to the harbor of San Francisco that the harbors of Boston and Baltimore bear to that of New York. The broad- minded and far-seeing representative men among San Francisco's merchant princes and captains of industry are well aware of this and are themselves working towards the realization of a better harbor at Monterey. The devel- opment of the country tributary to the port of Monterey, — a country as large as the state of Illinois and of vastest possibilities, — the development of this country can only add to the greatness and prosperity of California and of San Francisco, and contribute its share in establishing the latter city only more firmly and lastingly as the great metropolis of the Pacific. What we need on this coast is more harbors. People in general have no idea what impetus the completion of the Panama Canal will give to shipping. Just think of it, freight may be shipped from this coast to New York by way of the recently completed railway across the isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, far cheaper and quicker than by rail overland! What a revolution in commerce may we not anticipate with the completion of the Panama Canal, when goods will go from harbors on the Pacific to those of the Atlantic in the shortest time, without the necessity of transfer and reloading on the way. There is not a safer harbor on the entire Pacific than that of Monterey, nor any where finer anchorage can be found, even for the largest vessels. The storms on the Pacific Coast come from the south and southwest, but the harbor of Monterey lies on the north side of the peninsula of Monterey and is, therefore, protected by the heights of this peninsula. No matter how severe the storm the harbor of Monterey remains unruffled and tranquil. There is one drawback to this otherwise perfect harbor. Large vessels at times find difficulties at the wharves resulting from an occasional under- tow which jams the vessel against the wharf, thus endangering both vessel and wharf. What the harbor of Monterey therefore needs is a breakwater; this would check these under currents and would insure absolute safety to large vessels when lying alongside the wharf. The Hon. H. A. Greene has very ably set forth this need of the harbor of Monterey in a booklet entitled "The Monterey Breakwater, a Necessity." This is an appeal to the Federal Government as well as to the State of California for aid in building this breakwater, and points out In a concise and masterly way the benefit the State as a whole would derive from a great harbor at this point. The harbor of Monterey is even now a lively seaport. The progressive and rapidly growing cities of Monterey and Pacific Grove, built on the beau- tiful heights encircling the bay would naturally make it such. Besides that, it is the shipping point of the crude oil of the Coaiinga oil fields. A pipe- line 112 miles long conveys the oil to Monterey, and thousands of barrels are shipped daily from here. From about 150,000 tons a few years ago, the tonnage for the present year will run up to about 700,000 tons; the value of the merchandise, to about $2,000,000. What the harbor of Santos is for coffee. New Orleans for cotton, the port of Monterey will yet be for crude oil, and the agricultural wealth of the great valleys of California, the mineral riches locked up in its mountains will also find their way to the ports of the Atlantic and to the markets of the world via Monterey. HARBOR OF SAN DIEGO JOHN S. MILLS Secretary of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce SEA-FARING men, the large shippers and the larger ocean transporta- tion companies throughout the world are reasonably familiar with the great land-locked and perfectly safe harbor of San Diego. Navigators from either the merchant marine or the navies of the world who have visited this harbor have naught to say of it but praise. The bay is thirteen miles long, perfectly land-locked, has about ten linear miles of double frontage available at the present time for wharf purposes and has sufficient depth of water to admit the largest ships on the Pacific. It is, of course, not so large a sheet of water as San Francisco Bay, but has more deep water which is practically, commercially and economically available for docks than has San Francisco. Following the sinuosities of the shore- line, it is thirty-seven miles around the bay. According to the plans of the State Board of Harbor Commissioners, it is possible to construct here one hundred and twenty-five linear miles of wharf frontage, having a depth of thirty feet at low water. This depth may be increased to any desired. In other words, if the wharves which it is possible to construct in this bay were in the form of a quay, it would be one hundred and twenty-five miles long. Supposing the average length of vessels to be three hundred and twenty-five feet (which is, perhaps, above the average), it would be possible to dock two thousand vessels at the same time. The depth of water in the channel at the present time varies from eighty feet at the entrance to thirty feet ten miles up the bay. Opposite the wharves at San Diego the depth is from forty to fifty feet. The available anchorage for deep-draught vessels is about seven square miles, leaving depth of water enough and space enough for thousands of shallow-draught vessels. The depth of water in the channel over the bar is twenty-eight feet at low tide, and the depth of water over the bar may be increased by dredg- ing to thirty-five or even forty feet at low water. This haven is necessarily destined to become the great route for Ori- ental, West Coast American, Hawaiian, and Australian trade. It is nearer to Galveston, New Orleans, St. Louis, Kansas City, Chicago, and New York than any other Pacific Coast American port. This distance may be greatly lessened by the building of new and more direct railroad routes running from this bay either to Kansas City or St. Louis. Some of these lines are already in process of construction. Roughly speaking, the saving to New York by a new direct line would be about 400 miles, to St. Louis 500 miles, to Kansas City 300 miles, over any existing route from a Pacific Coast harbor capable of accommodating deep-sea vessels to either of those points. A direct line from San Diego to a connection with the Southern Pacific would save more than five hundred miles to Galveston and New Orleans. These railroads will certainly be built. It will be then, after such railroad building, that the enormous advantages this harbor has by reason of the great eastward trend of the Pacific Coast will be felt and appreciated. The San Diego and Arizona Railway, giving us direct Eastern connection, is now being built. This harbor is of course the nearest possible naval base to the Panama Canal on the Pacific Coast, either for supplies or for refuge. There should be located here a great naval station. Already the War Department realizes this and has strongly fortified the harbor along the general appropriation which allows that department to expend such appropriation in its discretion, and such fortifications are to be further strengthened. An appropriation has also been made for a coaling station, and the preliminary work for this is now under way. IMPROVING CALIFORNIA'S RIVERS RUFUS P. JENNINGS President of the River Improvement and Drainage Association of California THE subject of restraining the waters of California's rivers, protecting and reclaiming bottom lands, and restoring the streams to their former navigable condition, has been under consideration by the people of the river counties for many years, and futile attempts have been made from time to time to bring about such conditions as were desired. Individual effort, sporadically and spasmodically expended, did little but waste money until the year 1904, when the various commercial organizations of the districts directly interested in the question, issued a call for a mass convention of people from all parts of California for the purpose of devising ways and means for the proper correction of existing evils. On May 24th and 25th of that year more than four hundred men assembled at the Palace Hotel, in San Francisco, and organized the River Improvement and Drainage Association of California. In order to crystalize the thought expressed at the meeting a General Comqiittee of twenty-five was appointed, and this committee appointed an Executive Committee consisting of Rufus P. Jennings, President; M. J. Boggs, Colusa; John W. Ferris, San Francisco; S. Frankenheimer, Stockton; George W. Patterson, Stockton; P. J. van Loben Sels, Oakland; E. W. S. Woods, Stockton. The Association began active work to secure accurate data and recommendations from men who had studied similar problems, and succeeded in having the Commissioner of Public Works of California, with the consent of the Governor and State Auditing Board, appoint a com- mission of engineers, consisting of Major T. G. Dabney, of Mississippi; Henry B. Richardson, of Louisiana; Major H. H. Chittenden, of Iowa, member of the United States Engineer Corps; and M. A. Nurse, State Engineer. After an exhaustive examination this commission of engineers made the following recommendations in a voluminous report: "(a) To confine the flood waters to the channels of the various streams by means of levees, so as to prevent destructive inundations of the fertile valley lands. "(b) To correct the alignment of the river by cut-offs where necessary, and to increase its channel capacity by mechanical means wherever current action fails to accomplish this purpose. "(c) To collect the hill drainage, which now loses itself in the basins, in intercepting canals and convey it into the rivers at selected points. "(d) To provide escapeways over the levees for surplus flood waters during the period of channel development, and to provide for the disposal of this water in connection with the hill drainage. "(e) To provide for the relief of the basins from the accumulation of rain and seepage water by means of pumps wherever gravity drainage is not practical." With this report as a guide, and as a result of the investigations of the commission of engineers, the River Improvement and Drainage Association had prepared and pushed to passage a bill in the State Legislature known as "The Sacramento Drainage Act/' establishing the Sacramento Drainage District in care of a Board of Drainage Commissioners, which was given powers to supervise and control reclamation Districts, canals and levees; to compel construction; to incur expenses; to levy assessments and Issue condemnation processes. The constitutionality of this act having been questioned by interested property-owners, suit was brought in the Superior Court of Sacramento County, which has been decided in favor of the Board of Drainage Commis- sioners, and declares the act to be constitutional. As a result of this decision the members of the River Improvement and Drainage Association, will pro- ceed actively with the further work of solving problems pertaining to the rivers, which when solved will add millions to California's wealth. 8 I PORT HARFORD, OR SAN LUIS BAY MYRON ANGBL and L. E. BLOCHM AN SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY has about ninety miles of ocean front- age, along which are several fairly good landings and one excellent harbor. These have been used in commerce ever since ships first sailed along the coast, — in fact, were visited and named by Cabrillo in 1542. The bay of San Luis he named Todos Santos, or "All Saints' Bay"; this was later named Port Harford, and quite recently is being called San Luis Bay. There are wharves at San Simeon, Cayucos, Moro, Port Harford, Oilport, and La Grande Beach. Port Harford wharf is owned by the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, the Oilport wharf by the California Petroleum Re- fineries Company, and the one at La Grande Beach by a pleasure resort company. The last three are on San Luis Bay, or Port Harford. This fine harbor is formed by an incurve of the coast from Point San Luis on the north to Point Sal on the south. The middle shore forms the famous Pizmo Beach. This well-known pleasure resort is fourteen miles in length. It is reached by the Southern Pacific Railroad at Pizmo and Oceano stations. High hills protect this incurving bay from the northwest winds and currents. From Point San Luis the National Government is constructing a break- water, now extending southerly about half a mile. When the extension is completed according to the plans of Colonel Benyaurd, it will make a perfect harbor for safety and accessibility. The protected water will then have a surface of about four square miles, and somewhat over three miles of wharf frontage. A south wall was included in the plans of Colonel Ben- yaurd to protect landing-places south of Oilport. The growing business of the future will demand the larger harbor which the great engineer designed. In the early history of the State, prior to the construction of the South- ern Pacific through the San Joaquin Valley, much of the trade of that region as far north as Merced came to San Luis harbor and then crossed the Coast Range to its destination by easy passes. Pipe-lines for carrying crude oil from the interior to this port have been surveyed across some of these passes. Port Harford wharf, through its connecting narrow-gauge railroad, is the shipping point of most of the produce of northern Santa Barbara County, including the Santa Maria, Los Alamos, and Los Olivos valleys, and also of the nearer-by southern and western parts of San Luis Obispo County. The Arroyo Grande oil wells will before another year be adding to the present production of oil, with the amount increasing as new wells are bored. Heavy shipments of grain, barley, and oats, of beans, and of poultry and dairy produce are made from this wharf. But the growing commercial importance of this port to-day Is due to the enormous oil shipments that come to it through several pipe-lines from the Santa Maria oil fields. Three pipe-lines reach the wharf, tv/o of the Union Oil Company, and one of the Standard. Each of these companies has a fleet of vessels that load here and distribute their oil cargoes along the coast and abroad. Over half a million barrels of oil are shipped monthly from this wharf. The California Petroleum Re- fineries Company will soon be shipping a quarter of a million barrels monthly from the Oilport wharf. The Standard and the Union Oil Companies have large tankage reservoirs on the near-by shore; the Union has in addition a simple refinery for topping the crude oil from the Santa Maria field. The California Petroleum Refineries Company has recently completed an ex- tensive and up-to-date refining plant at Oilport. All grades of oil are dis- tilled from the crude oil piped from the Santa Maria fields; coal-oil, dis- tillates, gasolines, benzine, naphtha, engine and other lubricating oils are some of the refined products. THE HARBOR AT SANTA BARBARA SYLVESTER J. McATEE T I HE want of renown that the Santa Barbara Channel has enjoyed as a harbor of the first class is a surprising thing, explicable only by the insignificant size and the meagre needs of the coast-wise traffic. But with the growth of commerce and against the day when the East shall send her merchandise by ship via Panama, recognition must come to the port of Santa Barbara. For here is one of the best natural harbors on the coast — seventy miles of length and twenty-five miles of width of the most placid salt water within the territory of the United States. Due knowledge is not generally had of the causes that contribute to this result. The channel may be thought nothing more than open searoom. But if the contour of the State shore-line be studied, the first of these causes will be apparent. From Point Conception the line runs almost due east, thus giving a southern exposure instead of the general north-south direction that prevails. Lying to the south and parallel with the coast at an average distance of twenty-five miles is the chain of submerged mountains known as the Chan- nel Islands, which has its continuation on the mainland in the Sierra Santa Monica. Five in number, — San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and the two Anacapas, — they form almost a continuous barrier seventy miles in length. To the west, San Miguel lies off twenty-seven miles from Point Conception. The eastern entrance to the channel, between the Anacapas and Point Hueneme, is twelve miles v»^ide. The distance between the islands does not exceed four or five miles. Thus in the largest bend of the shore off the city the harbor is almost land-locked. Storms to endanger shipping are almost unheard of. A due west wind breaks upon the rugged headland of Point Conception, and swerves to spend its force harmlessly on the shore of San Miguel. North- west, north, and northeast winds break their fury on the mountain range that abuts upon the shore. From only one direction can a serious storm blow, — from due southeast. Should the wind lie directly in that point a heavy sea will be felt in the port proper of Santa Barbara City, from which shelter may be sought by running to the lea of the islands. Should the blow swerve a point from due southeast, it will miss its ready entrance between the Aanacapas and Point Hueneme and break upon the islands or the mainland range. As a matter of fact, but twice in nearly thirty years — in 1879 and 1905 — has the wind set so precisely on the compass, and then mercantile craft easily rode out the storm. In the placid waters of this harbor the navies of the world might ride during the usual southwest gales that blow off this shore, and suffer no Injury. Here the burdened vessels from the Eastern seaboard will find ready refuge on the long course up the coast from Panama. Not a reef, not a bar, not a shallow gives the mariner concern. The sounding lead drops into seven fathoms of water close off the mainland shore and finds bottom only at much greater depth abruptly off the islands. At any time, day or night, fair weather or foul, port can be made without the aid of a pilot. In thirty years' experience along the Pacific the captain of a coastwise steamer calling as often as twice a week has never encountered fog so thick as to prevent easy docking. The only disturbing possibility is that of the chance gale from the due southeast. For this the local Chamber of Commerce is seeking to make provision. A special committee was recently appointed to formulate a memorial to the State's representatives in Congress, asking an appropria- tion for a breakwater. The proposed improvements sought would consist of a breakwater a mile in length to protect the docking and anchorage from the southeast seas, and a shorter breakwater to the west to moderate the force of a southwest ground swell that sometimes sets in after a heavy storm outside the heads. i« I THE HARBOR OF SAN FRANCISCO WALTER J. KENYON THE expansive, land-locked bay of San Francisco, with the Golden Gate as a deep-water outlet to the Pacific, constitutes one of the few great harbors of the world. Here is a protected marine area sixty-seven miles in length and as much as twelve miles in width, including within its reaches several localized harbors, such as those of Oakland and Mare Island, and hundreds of miles of fairway and anchorage. The ulti- mate possibilities of this great expanse as a harbor baffle the imagination and lead into unknown future centuries. All of the prime factors are pres- ent which constitute a harbor of the first magnitude. These are (1) a thoroughly protected arm of the sea with a deep-water outlet, (2) an ex- tensive and highly productive tributary country, (3) navigable rivers tra- versing this tributary area, (4) a favorable groundsite for the upbuilding of a great seaport, (5) a soft winter climate permitting a perpetually open port, (6) an absence of competing harbors. The adequate amount of engineering attention and State and Govern- ment money have never been devoted to the improvement of San Fran- cisco's harbor as circumstances warrant. Along the waterfronts of both San Francisco and Oakland the need is urgent of certain extensive improve- ments, including seawall and pier construction, and in the case of Oakland, dredging. All that San Francisco has to show by way of permanent water- front improvement are portions of the seawall, twelve piers on concrete piling, the Ferry Building, and the Belt Railroad. For these permanent im- provements not much over $4,000,000 has been spent to date. There is much to be done if San Francisco is to retain her primacy as the com- mercial metropolis of the Pacific. Commerce follows the wharves. The improvements of San Francisco's waterfront now being installed or contemplated for the early future are additional wharves of the improved concrete type and an extension of the seawall. At present the latter is 9,803 feet in length and extends from Taylor Street on the north to a point just south of the Ferry Building. A small section is also completed at the Pacific Mail docks. The old type of pier supported on wooden piles is a thing of the past. The teredo and the limnoria make such short work of the wooden piles that it is distinctly a false economy to put them down. The wharves that have more recently been built are supported on concrete piling, which is, by any ordinary standards, indestructible. In the wharves now building and to be built the concrete pile, in improved forms, will be used, and it is likely that concrete may enter more or less into the superstructure also. The harbor of Oakland Is an important individual feature of the water frontage included in San Francisco Bay. It is perfectly land-locked, and vessels may lie at anchor in the severest storms without fear of dragging anchor. Millions of dollars are represented in the manufactories along the Oakland waterfront, and further expenditure of millions more is contem- plated. Oakland Harbor bears a very Important place in the commerce of San Francisco, the metropolis of the State. To-day, with the docks of San Francisco overcrowded and the com- merce of the Pacific increasing very rapidly, Oakland, with Its fifteen miles of waterfront, is the logical location to which the manufacturer and shipper must look for relief. If the commerce of the Pacific that now comes to California is to continue to come, the channel of Oakland Harbor must be dredged to afford the required facility. Every day that a vessel lies idle in San Francisco Bay for want of docking facilities is a large expense to the owners of the craft. San Francisco's ability to maintain its commercial primacy on the Pacific Coast concerns very intimately the further develop- ment of Oakland's harbor facilities. 11 THE VENICE OF AMERICA HARBOR ON THE BAY OF SANTA MONICA. ABBOTT KINNEY THE Venice Harbor has received the approval of the Secretary of War of the United States, and the permit for its construction has been issued under the seal of the Government. The inner breakwater and pier with cement-cased piles have been built. The larger work, giving protection to the greatest vessels afloat, has yet to be constructed. The plan of a deep-sea harbor off the coast of Los Angeles County was first put into concrete form in the early eighties. This plan was the same as that now commenced at Venice, and was located at about the same part of the coast. Three United States engineers, of whom the late Colonel Mendel was chairman, approved of the plan and declared it to be a practical enterprise. The idea at that time was to provide a public deep-sea harbor to be built by the United States Government. After some years this project was taken up by the late Collis P. Hunt- ington. The location was changed, however, to the westerly part of Santa Monica Bay, where the Port Los Angeles wharf now is. The advantage of that location, as seen by Mr. Huntington, was the control of the approaches and of the shore-line. The disadvantage is the increased distance from Los Angeles, and the severe grade and curve necessary to get off the beach. The reasons for selecting the site at Venice for a great harbor are as follows: Venice is the nearest point on the coast to Los Angeles. It is fourteen miles into the wholesale center of Los Angeles and ten miles from the pres- ent extension of that business district. The line is direct, with the minimum of grade, allowing the maximum of efficiency to the traction power for freight hauling. Santa Monica Bay is free from any shoals, rocks, or dan- gers. Venice being at the shore-line center, is the easiest and safest point for ships to enter or leave harbor. The steady west wind at this point gives ready and reliable access and egress to the Venice harbor by sailing as well as steam vessels. The quality and quantity of water for ship use is superior at Venice to that at any other point. Steam heat, power, and electricity can be furnished at Venice at low cost. The fire protection by the salt-water high-pressure system has no superior in the world and no equal on the Pacific Coast. The Venice Harbor will cost less than any other to build. First-c!ass granite rock for the outer harbor of Venice is found in quantity in the nearby Santa Monica Range and close to railroad connection. This makes the construction of the outer breakwater cheaper at Venice than elsewhere. The outer harbor will have forty feet of v/ater at mean low tide, with ample sea room. The inner breakwater creates a shore-line for the harbor and frees the natural shore-line from all drawbacks. It also protects the outer harbor from the effect of shore v/inds. Both the southeastern and northern clearing winds blow off shore at Venice. This minimizes the dan- ger of access or egress to the Venice harbor and makes it the cheapest to build, the safest when entered, and the most convenient for all craft on the Coast, either merchant vessels or ships of war. Venice being the nearest coast point to the great distributing and com- mercial center of Los Angeles, and with no grade or costly bridge structures in the way, there is no question but what it is the place for the harbor to handle the great ocean commerce knocking at the door of Los Angeles for entry. No jetties or narrow channel approach will inconvenience or en- danger vessels entering Venice harbor. One of the great advantages of Venice as a harbor is that the harbor area can be indefinitely increased at low cost by extending the breakwater north or south. There is no limit to the attainable size of the Venice harbor. The contract price for the construction of this harbor is less than one and a half million dollars, including slips and warehouses complete. 12 HUMBOLDT HARBOR w. H. he:ue:r Colonel of the United States Corps of EBgrliteers, Retired HUMBOLDT BAY, California, is situated between the parallels of 40° and 41° north latitude, is about 200 miles north of San Francisco, and is the most important lumber port on the California coast. The bay is an estuary about fourteen miles in length and varies from one half to four miles in width. It has a high-water area of about twenty-four square miles, with a mean rise and fall of tide of 4.4 feet. A channel depth of twelve feet is carried to Areata, near the head of the bay, and eighteen feet at low water can be carried to Eureka. A narrow sand spit, less than a mile in width separates the bay fronn the ocean. It has an opening through it about 2,100 feet in width, which forms the entrance to the bay or harbor. Prior to the improvements of this entrance in 1889 by the United States Government, there was seaward of the entrance a shallow dangerous bar, having one or more channels varying from twelve to twenty feet in depth over it, the locations of which were constantly changing and which rarely occupied the same position during two consecutive years. The seas on the bar were very violent and fleets of vessels have been penned up in the harbor for a week or more awaiting an opportunity to get to sea. The plans for improvement, made by the officers of the United States Corps of Engineers, consisted of two immense rock walls to be reasonably parallel to each other about 2,000 feet apart, each to be about 8,000 feet in length and to extend from the shore to the crest of the bar. The work was estimated to cost $2,057,615. The work was commenced in 1889, and with occasional interruptions was completed in 1899, at an actual cost to the Government of $2,040,203, or for a trifle less than the estimate. The work was done by contract. These training walls of rock (jetties) were placed in position from trestle-work of piles carrying a double-track railway on which trains of cars loaded with rock were hauled by engines. The rock was dumped into the ocean by tipping the cars sideways, starting on the shore and gradually raising the wall until its top stood seven to eight feet above ordinary high-tide level. Depths of water as great as thirty feet were crossed, and in such places the width or thickness of the walls exceed- ed one hundred feet. During the progress of the work much of the trestle was destroyed by violent wave action. Some of the waves measured thirty feet in height between the crest and trough and frequently work was interrupted by the waves curling over the top of the rails on the trestle, which was at a height of twenty-four to twenty-six feet above low-water level. As the jetties were extended the channel depths increased until a maxi- mum depth of thirty-one feet at low water was reached; this channel was fully 300 feet in width; the plans only contemplated a twenty-four-foot low- water depth. , Since the completion of the work in 1899 nothing has been spent for repairs or maintenance, and a least channel depth of twenty-four feet at low water has been constantly maintained. The upper portion of the jetty walls has been battered down by violent seas. At ordinary high tide only the tops of the walls near the shore ends are visible. The outer half of the walls, where the seas were much more violent, are battered down considerably below low-water level. The effect of the work has been to concentrate and direct the currents over the bar, thus maintaining a reason- ably good channel of dimensions suitable to the commerce of the port. In the past ten years since the completion of the work the population of Eureka has nearly doubled, and the commerce of the port has increased in a greater ratio. There is no detention to vessels passing in or out, and the whole community, though yet without railroad communication with the outer world, Is exceedingly prosperous. IS SACRAMENTO RIVER COMMERCE JOHN C. ING Secretary of the Sacramento Chamber of Commerce THE head of navigation of the Sacramento River is at Red Bluff, many miles above Sacramento, and presents a navigable waterway from that point to Suisun Bay. The floor of the great Sacramento Valley embraces an area of about five thousand square miles, while the slope of the Sierra Nevadas, with their high elevations, has an area approxi- mating nine thousand square miles. The slope of the Coast Range moun- tains has an area of about three thousand square miles. All this area forms the great watershed of the Sacramento Valley, and the Sacramento River is required to carry this heavy drainage to tidewater. In this regard the Sacramento River presents a unique engineering problem from the standpoint of navigation, irrigation, and reclamation. When one takes into consideration the fact that this river, from the head of navigation to its mouth, and the country tributary to it on either side, are nearly all embraced in one Congressional district, one can then appre- ciate the reason that heretofore it has been very difficult to secure proper recognition at the hands of the Federal Government. The diversified inter- ests of the Congressional districts of California have demanded of their representatives special effort to secure appropriations for needful improve- ments. Nowhere in the United States do we find a navigable river as important as the Sacramento confined entirely within a single State. But we often find them the subject of inter-state problems, which have support- ing them in the Congress many representatives of a number of States, all working in unison in the interest of the common need. The fact, therefore, is obvious that the Sacramento River, in years gone past, has received but slight appropriations for the maintenance of its navi- gability, and these were principally for the purpose of removing snags in the upper regions of the river. The people of California, however, can now see the dawn of a new era in river improvement. Federal engineers have been appointed and made exhaustive reports upon the present conditions. The proposition of fifteen feet of water from Sacramento to the sea, the increase of the navigable depth of the river from Sacramento to the mouth of the Feather to nine feet at low water, together with the plan of the Federal Debris Commission of restraining the debris washed down by the hydraulic mines into the river, are some of the things that make the agri- culturist, horticulturist, and the people of this great valley feel encouraged at the outcome of our future development. At all times of the year the river is navigable as far north as Colusa, more than sixty miles above Sacramento. And with the incoming of new transcontinental railroads and interurban electric roads, with termini al- ready secured on the waterfront at Sacramento, it is not an unreasonable prophecy to assume that the commerce of the Sacramento River will be very materially augmented within the next few years. The farmers adjacent to the river have every facility in the shipping of their products. They need but deposit them on the banks, and the numberless steamers that ply the river convey them to the markets at a very nominal cost. The money that the State of California, through its Board of Public Works, has spent has had a most beneficial effect upon preserving the navigability of our rivers, but there is much yet to be done; and to that end was formed, by act of the Legislature, the Sacramento Drainage Dis- trict, which embraces nearly all of the country contiguous to this great waterway. The purposes are to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands and conserve the navigability of the river as well, the estimated cost of which, when completed, will aggregate nearly twenty-five millions of dol- lars, part of v/hich is to be borne by the State of California, part by the landowners, and a part by the Federal Government. SAN PEDRO HARBOR CAPT. AMOS A. FRIBS Corpa of Englneera, United Statea Army THE harbor at San Pedro is vitally necessary to the full growth not only of Los Angeles and vicinity but of the entire State. Being in only a minor degree a natural harbor, it is a product, almost in its entirety, of human skill and labor, Illustrating the maximum that "necessity is the mother of Invention." An anchorage which struggled for rec- ognition in Pacific Coast commerce for a century past has now become through a liberal government expenditure one of the most efficient ports on our western front. The improvements with which the government has had mainly to do consist of the breakwater and a deepening of the inner harbor. The break- water is now eighty-five per cent completed and represents a total expend- iture to date of somewhat over $2,300,000. The appropriation by Congress for this purpose is $2,900,000. The finished breakwater will be nine thousand feet in length. It will have a footing on the sea floor of two hundred feet in width, and its deepest portion will stand in fifty-four feet of water. The substructure to date has required nearly 2,000,000 long tons of stone, and 8,500 feet of it is prac- tically completed, already affording ample protection to a large fleet of vessels, and protecting the mouth of the inner harbor from the southeast storms. The superstructure has been completed for a length of over 6,800 feet. In the inner harbor 827,000 cubic yards of sand and clay were dredged out by suction dredge during the year ending June 30, 1907, at a cost of $66,600, and utilized in reclaiming land along the sea shore just outside the east jetty. This part of the work is more than half completed. Since the dredging work was begun in April, 1905, about 1,800,000 cubic yards have been dredged from the inner harbor by the Government dredge at a cost of about $143,000, exclusive of the first cost of the dredge, which was about $118,000. The San Pedro breakwater ranks among the biggest undertakings of its class in the world, exceeding in size either the Delaware breakwater or the Galveston seawall. It provides a smooth anchorage of about 650 acres where previously the southeast ocean storms lashed the coast without hindrance. The efficient port thus created lies nearer than any other of our Pacific Coast harbors to the great manufacturing and agricultural sections of the Middle West. Its adequate improvement, coincident with the great and rapid development of the Pacific Ocean traffic, opens before it a career heretofore hardly conceived. In the past there has not been available more than half the dockage room needed at San Pedro to accommodate the vessels reaching that port. Ships were compelled to wait for dockage room from three days to two weeks. As an illustration of the growing traffic, the lumber receipts alone mounted to 475,000,000 feet for the year 1906. Three railways now have terminals at San Pedro. These are the Southern Pacific, the Salt Lake, and the Pacific Electric, with a fourth, the Santa Fe, but a few miles distant. The expenditures of the Government have been heretofore but slightly supplemented by private enterprise, but work now under way or planned by private enterprise for increasing dockage facilities and reclaiming land in both the inner and outer harbor indicates a full appreciation of the benefits made available for this section by the work the Government has done. Already the city of San Pedro has developed a rapid growth in response to the stimulus afforded by its new harbor facilities, and there is every reason ^to look for a vigorous expansion in the years to come. 15 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. Reasons for Investment in California: An instructive summary of Cali- fornia's resources, realized and potential. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907. Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907. Garden Number, July, 1907. Fisheries Number, August, 1907. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One size. (Price 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet- ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.) i« I ol.IV. No. 11. OCTOBER 1907 10 Celts. $1.00 A Yeai BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee SEPTEMBER 30, 1907 A HEAVY tide of immigration from Eastern points has marked the month, according to returns received by The California Promotion Committee, bearing out the predictions made by the Committee prior to the open- ing of the Fall Colonist season. The number of colonists arriving during the month almost doubled those arriving for the same period one year ago. All parts of the State report good effects from this infusion of new people, and business conditions in all lines show steady increase. California's grape harvest was exceptionally good, and the net results to growers have been the largest of any season. Large acreages are being put to vines, and many new vineyards are coming into bearing, but the demand continues to increase more rapidly than it can be supplied, resulting in increasing prices. Building activity is noted in all California cities, and this is especially noted in the erection of better-class residences and business blocks. The demand for building material is steady, and prices in all lines are now normal. There has been great demand for school teachers all over California, and as a result salaries have been increased mate- rially in all parts of the State, but without achieving the desir.ed result of filling the requirements. Numerous small factories have been started in interior cities and towns, and there is consequent increased demand for operative help. Men and women are needed in large num- bers and can find steady and profitable employment. The following summary for September shows California conditions : San Francisco building permits, $4,113,732. San Francisco building permits since the fire, $85,335,477. Oakland building permits, $645,303. San Francisco real estate sales, (510; value. $2,025,000. San Francisco bank clearmgs, $182,015,230.94. San Francisco bank clearings, September, 1906, $198.- 712,503.47. San Francisco bank clearings, September, 1905, $168,- 329,716.22. Los Angeles bank clearings, $45,663,668. Oakland bank clearings, $11,078,101. San Jose bank clearings, $2,426,505. Stockton bank clearings, $2,418,505. San Francisco Customs receipts, $605,881. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS iOF CALIFORNIA. Address : The California Promotion Committee, San Fran- lisco. HiO-N C M-a-30-07-AXXX IBER lA ilECTRICin J. M. EDDY ;. KNEEDLER ROBERTSON E. EDWORDS T. BROOKS VAN FRANK : [J. KENYON M I OCTOBER F«I.IV. No.ll. 1907 lOCeits. SLOOAYew ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT NUMBER FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: A CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN STREAM GENERATING ELECTRICITY EDITORUL ELECTRIC TRACTION IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY ELECTRIC ROADS OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY STOCKTON'S ELECTRIC RAILWAYS J. M. EDDY ELECTRIC TRACTION IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY H. S. KNEEDLER ELECTRICITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRESNO COUNTY WILLIAM ROBERTSON USE OF ELECTRICnY ON FARMS CLARENCE E. EDWORDS ELECTRIC TRACTION IN SANTA CLARA COUNTY JOSEPH T. BROOKS ELECTRIC TRACTION IN SONOMA COUNTY E. M. VAN FRANK POWER FROM CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN STREAMS WAITER iJ. K^YON SOME CALIFORNIA POWER STATIONS DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC TRACTION OF THE STATE PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTTIEE SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement; encouragement." — Century Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBUCATION "FW TH«SE WH« DESIRE TIE BEST THERE IS IN UnE" ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT NUMBER OCTOBER, 190T Vol IV, No. 11 ox . H£ UNIVtKiJII Y •OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEi; CALIFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SQUARE SAN FRANCISCO EDITORIAL IT is no idle boast that California is an empire unto herself. Opening her career as the then greatest gold-producer on earth, she has added to her mineral productions until no less than forty-seven commercial minerals are now sent to market from within her borders. As a sec- ondary stage of development, the agricultural resources of the State have far exceeded the mineral as producers of revenue and as a factor in col- onization. The lumber industry and the fisheries of California have kept pace with mining and agriculture. And finally, manufacturing, which characterizes the more mature stage of any civilization, is now developing west of the Sierras with leaps and bounds which are not less than startling. Manufacturing calls upon two fundamental resources — raw material and mechanical power. Some less-favored areas have to send without their borders for both, and yet their people subsist by utilizing these wholly imported commodities. Other more fortunate localities in the industrial world have one but not the other, and send abroad for the one they lack. How favored of nature is California, then, with vast supplies of lumber, divers minerals, wool, and a hundred other commodities at hand, while the cheapest and best of all sources of mechanical power, the hydraulically derived electric current, is hers in a superabundance that cannot be used up. As elsewhere stated, there Is sufficient power now going to waste in the up- per Sacramento to drive all the wheels now moving or expected to move in California within the near future. Yet the total water-power of the State exceeds this potential supply many fold. The most significant recent progress along electrical lines has been made in improved methods of transmission, whereby the current leakage is being minimized, and it becomes feasible and profitable to send power from the canons to the distant valleys and cities of the State, there to be utilized in all of the multitude of industrial processes, including trac- tion. It is indeed in electric traction that the transmitted power attains a romantic aspect and becomes wonder-inspiring, even in this day of in- dustrial miracles. To watch a trolley-car eating space in Alameda or Los Angeles County, and then to reflect that the mysterious, intangible fluid that drives it on its way has come upon a wire from some remote Sierran canon as much as three hundred and fifty miles away, is to mar- vel afresh each time the thought is entertained. California is a region of long-distance electric transmission. Time was when the leakage in transit was so great that the Sierran water- power was available only locally. Now, however, it is common in any section of the State to receive current for light and power from a source some hundreds of miles distant. The longest transmission yet accom- plished in California is that from Shasta County, via Chico, to San Fran- cisco, a distance of three hundred and fifty miles; and this is claimed to be the longest transmission in the world. Another long line extends from the big Kern River plant to Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, a distance of fully one hundred seventy miles. "And the end is not yet." As the State fills up in population new ne- cessities will arise in transportation, manufacture and domestic facility. And as fast as these needs arise it is but to harness some one other of the countless mountain torrents of the State to amply fill the need. Stream- derived power is thus unique, as against that supplied by any fuel, in never suffering depletion. The power we now use has been there through all human time, awaiting the call of man; and will be, in undiminished meas- ure, for all time to come. b ELECTRIC TRACTION IN THE SACRA- MENTO VALLEY FOR many years the one crying need of the rapidly developing Sac- ramento Valley has been interurban rapid transit. At last this long-felt want has been met, and on the first of September, according to promise, the handsome equipment of the Northern Electric Rail- way Company was put into regular passenger service between Sac- ramento and Marysville. For years various roads have been projected northward from Sacramento, but the people of the valley cities and the rich agricultural country surrounding them hoped in vain for any outcome of these various movements. It remained for the present company to de- velop the magnificent system of which the length of track now in opera- tion is only one link in a comprehensive interurban transit scheme invest- ing the whole Sacramento Valley. The length of track between Chico and Oroville has been in operation for more than a year, having been open- ed for traffic in April, 1906. In November of the same year the road was opened for business southward to Marysville. Other lines rapidly ap- proaching completion are the arm from Marysville to Colusa and an extension of the main line northward from Chico to Red Bluff, with the idea of ultimately reaching Redding. Another projected branch will reach westward from Chico to Hamilton and Orland. Meanwhile the California Midland plans to reach eastward from Marysville and send branch roads north and south of Crass Valley and Auburn. Active preparations are in hand for the beginning of the Vallejo and Eastern, giving Sacramento elec- tric transit to tide-water at Vallejo, and the Lake Tahoe electric connect- ing the great Sierra resort with Sacramento. Thus the entire Sacramento Valley is netted with modern electric roads, either completed and in opera- tion, or in the last stages of completion, or projected for the immediate future. Meanwhile the Northern Electric is securing franchises through the towns on the west side of the valley, the plan being to build a north- and-south line that will connect Winters, Woodland, Arbuckle, Colusa, Willows, and the many other thriving agricultural towns on that side of the big river. The Vallejo and Northern will provide the southern exten- sion to tide-water. Meanwhile the line of the Central California Traction Company has just been opened (Sept. 1st) between Stockton and Lodi, and this road is being rapidly pushed to Sacramento on the north and Modesto on the south. In another year or less these extensions will have become working links, and continuous electric traction will thread the big interior valley from Chico to Modesto. The line will be extended down the valley even- tually to Fresno and Bakersfield, where as a final development southward it will meet an electric line projected northward from the Los Angeles system. Meanwhile, with the northern extension to Redding assured, there remains only the difficult mountain country between that point and Eureka to be conquered in order to bring the entire State from Hum- boldt to San Diego counties within the stimulating mesh of interurban elec- tric transit. The entire Northern Electric system, except the mileage within the various city limits, is operated by direct current, with the third-rail con- ductor, carrying a current of six hundred volts. Power is obtained from the Valley Counties Power Company, in alternating current, transformed to direct current in the Northern Electric Company's substations. The roadbed is as fine as that on any railroad in the country, and the entire equipment is of the very latest pattern, the passenger-cars being of the standard Pullman type, although some of them are combination passenger, baggage, and mail cars. When the system planned is in full operation hourly trips will be made between terminal points, ranking the service with that of the best interurban systems of the East. ELECTRIC ROADS OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY IN the early days of Redlands, about the year 1895, a company was formed to develop water power in the canon east of the city, and shortly thereafter Mr. Henry Fisher purchased an old mule line then operating over a few streets in the town, and about the year 1899 converted it into an electric street railway, securing the power for its operation from the Redlands Electric Company, which had been organized and was developing power in the canons about twenty miles away. This electric road was operated under the name of the Redlands Street Railway Company for about three years, running through the resi- dential section of Redlands and the business portion of the city, consist- ing of about seven miles of single track. In 1901 the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company was incorporat- ed, with its principal place of business in San Bernardino, and the follow- ing year constructed a line from San Bernardino to Redlands, connecting there with the Redlands Street Railway Company, and operated its inter- urban cars over the Redlands Street Railway Company's tracks into the center of town. In the year 1903 the Redlands Street Railway Company, together with the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company and the San Bernardino and Highland Railway Company, consolidated under the name of the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company, with the main office in San Bernardino, the county seat. Since that time the company has built additional lines in Redlands, and to the following places, to wit: Highland, Colton, Patton, and Arrow- head Hot Springs; now having a system of interurban roads consisting of about forty miles of track, part of which, between San Bernardino and Redlands, is double track. Along the lines of this system, and owned by the company, is located Urbita Hot Springs, one of the most unique interior parks that can be found in this part of California. There is also a one-mile race-track, ac- knowledged to be the fastest track in the State, situated on the line be- tween Redlands and San Bernardino. When these lines at the east end of the San Bernardino Valley were projected it was freely predicted by a majority of the inhabitants that they would not pay, and the country would not receive any material advantage, but, as a matter of fact, since the building of this system of electric roads the east end of the San Bernardino Valley has increased materially, and the roads have paid from the beginning of operation. This, of course, is simply a repetition of the history throughout the country of electric roads built and extended into undeveloped and unpopulated districts. Within the past year Mr. H. E. Huntington has acquired a controlling interest in this system, and intends in the near future to connect it with his various lines in and about Los Angeles, thereby affording the east end of San Bernardino Valley additional facilities for reaching the metropolis of the South, which without question will enhance the values of property in and around this end of the valley, and offer a further attraction to new- comers to make their homes in strictly residential cities like Redlands, at the same time being within easy reach of Los Angeles. An important feature of the late developments in electric traction in interior California is the provision made for moving freight as well as passengers. This is of the greatest possible significance to the farmers who depend on markets within the State for the disposal of their perish- able fruits and vegetables. STOCKTON'S ELECTRIC RAILWAYS J. M. EDDY Secretary Stockton Chamber of Commerce THE city of Stockton is supplied with two street-car systems, both of which use electricity as the motive power, and each deriving that power from a separate power line which brings the current from the Sierras. The people of Stockton boast that these two urban sys- tems are strictly competitive, that they are standard gauge, that they are well equipped with modern cars, and that they maintain a good service In all quarters of the city. The Stockton Electric Railway Company was the pioneer in affording transit service in Stockton. It was a home enterprise, having been pro- jected two decades ago by progressive Stockton men who ventured their wealth to give the city the conveniences of rapid transit at a time when there was little prospect of the profit from the operation of the road ex- cept through a rapid increase of population. About seven miles of narrow- gauge double track was constructed, the lines traversing the chief business and residence streets of the city to the northern, eastern, and southern limits of the city, and one suburban extension of the line reaching south- ward one and a half miles to the warm mineral baths, and another a mile or more northward to Oak Grove, which was acquired by the company and converted Into a playground and resort. Throughout the financial depression of 1893-97 the company main- tained a good service in the face of loss, and two years ago the system was standardized at great expense, but without interrupting travel a single day. It was then re-equipped with fine modern cars, and a branch line was constructed to the western limits of the city. The Central California Traction Company was projected as a compet- ing system, and its urban lines paralleled those of the older company. Its tracks are of standard gauge and its cars are modern and commodious. It has about eight miles of urban and suburban double tracks, affording convenient service to all parts of Stockton and its suburbs. It derives its power from the "American River Electric Company." This source of power is now being reinforced by a very complete plant within the city for the generation of electricity from steam. The company is said to have one of the finest equipments in the West, and it will be ready to operate in a few days and will be able to supply "juice" whenever, from the effects of floods or other accidents, the American River power line is incapacitated. The Central California Traction Company has just completed the con- struction of an interurban single track between Stockton and Lodi, a dis- tance of fourteen miles, which was opened for service September 1st, and carried nearly two thousand people on the initial day, by an hourly service with only two cars. The interurban line gets its power through a third rail, which is insu- lated by board hoods. This third rail terminates at the car-barns, a mile from Stockton, and the trolley is used by the interurban cars on the streets of the city. Four fine passenger-cars are ready for use on this line, each of which will seat nearly eighty passengers. The company has also a num- ber of express-cars for handling fruit and light freight at all hours, and has the privilege of transporting regular freight-cars at certain hours of the night through the city. It will soon have access to the water-front to de- liver freight to the navigation companies, and has arranged for switching cars to either the Western Pacific, Santa Fe, or Southern Pacific tracks. Thus it is not merely a competitor of the steam railroads in local transit, but is a feeder to their traffic and that of water commerce in the broadest sense. This interurban line is to be pushed on to Sacramento without delay, and the people of Stockton are convinced that they now have the nucleus of an interurban system which will soon radiate from Stockton to all im- portant points in the great central valley. 0 ELECTRIC TRACTION IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY H. s. kne:e:dl.e:r IN the present stage of electrical development, a trolley system embrac- ing approximately seven hundred and fifty miles, mostly of standard gauge line, must command attention. Yet such is the Huntington system. These lines radiating from Los Angeles and embracing the urban system of that city, Pasadena and Long Beach, are in equip- ment and operation probably the highest expression of electrical transpor- tation extant. Embracing the Pacific Electric, the Los Angeles Interurban, the Los Angeles City, and the Redondo Railway companies, they fully cover that extended territory lying east, north and south of the larger city, and em- braced by the Sierra Madre range on the one side and the Pacific Ocean on the other. Aside from its populous center of commerce and industry, this is one of the richest sections of the United States. It is rich in more than one way, — in the affluence of the people, the wonders of its natural beauties, the graciousness of its climate, the productiveness of its soil, the value per acre of its products, and its contribution to the longevity of its fortunate dwellers. With the appreciation of its present achievements and its unlimited possibilities, Mr. Huntington some five years ago began the construction of an electrical system which to-day is looked on with admiration by rail- way men throughout the world and with the intelligent understanding of the people to whose comfort it daily contributes as well as to the tourist who finds it a convenient vehicle, making possible excursions to every spot of historic, romantic, and scenic interest in the Southland. Largest of all the interurban railways centering in Los Angeles, the Pacific Electric Railway would be notable anywhere in the world. Its mileage would construct a line reaching almost from the Angel City to San Francisco. Its immense power plants, vast shops, and great industrial centers contribute largely to the productive population of the city, while in every mechanical feature the aim has been to secure and adopt the most advanced of meritorious appliances. As it is recognized as one of the most potent influences which have operated in the great development of Los Angeles and the southern part of California during the past five years, so each community it reaches has found it a beneficent agency, and the greater city has profited only in lesser degree than the thrifty hamlet which has felt the revivifying influence of its touch. Much has been done in the past five years; what will be done in the next five remains to be seen. But of one thing the southern part of California is sure — that the era of electric railway building inaugurated by the Huntington system has vastly added to its wealth, its attractions to tourists, and to the comfort and pleasure of its people. With cheap electric power for farm operations, for lighting, telephone, and interurban transit, the California farmer is surrounded with the ad- vantages and facilities of town and country at the same time. The production of electric power from California's watercourses now ranks among the great revenue-creating sources of the State. As to the ultimate possibilities of this industry the present development Is but a drop in the bucket. 7 ELECTRICITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRESNO COUNTY WlIililAM ROBERTSON Secretary Fresno County Chamber of Commerce AMONG the forces which tend to develop the resources of a district or county, none is greater than electricity. Its applicability to so many purposes and the comparatively low cost of operating make it an ideal power which has made itself felt in the rapidity of agricultural and manufacturing development in all parts of the State. Twenty years ago the application of such a force was not thought of in Fresno County, and the revolution wrought in every branch of industry since it was applied, has been marvelous. Twenty years ago coal-oil lamps formed the brightest illumination for country homes; now the electric light is to be found on hundreds of. ranches, lighting up barns as well as dwellings, thus insuring greater safety as well as improved light. Twenty years ago the rapid-transit service of Fresno consisted of a one- horse street-car, which for the want of necessary service compelled the residents to live close to the business part of town, and property in the suburbs went begging for new owners at merely nominal prices, but when the merry clang of the street-car bell sounded in the outskirts of the com- munity, things took on new life, property increased in value, making some people rich who before were poor, and incidentally making majiy rich peo- ple richer. The development thus begun in the city has been extended to the country districts, one line running a distance of seven miles out, and the freight and passenger facilities, have so increased directness of communi- cation, and caused such a tremendous increase in property values, as to be simply phenomenal in its results. Several other lines have been survey- ed through comparatively new and undeveloped country, and will in a short time be accomplished facts. Knowing as we do the wonderful fer- tility of the country through which they will pass, we are safe in stating that within a very short period the population that will follow these roads as surely as day follows night will have transformed the arid plains into a Garden of Eden, and also added greatly to the wealth of this wonderful county. Twenty years ago canal irrigation had just reached the point of demon- strating to the world what were the capabilities of this county; to-day we are solving new problems in irrigation by the help of electricity. Pumping plants, driven by electric power, are pouring water on the arid soil and making land productive which never could have been made so under the old irrigation system. Closely allied to, and in some districts even more im- portant than, irrigation is the question of drainage, and the Government has in recent years been assisting some of the ranchers in conducting drainage experiments. Dr. Fortier, the great drainage expert, has done some remarkable work along this line in Fresno County, and to him be- longs the honor of first applying electric power in pumping the water from the land. His theory was that, granted a low rate from the power com- pany, the rancher could more cheaply and effectively reduce the water- level by that means than by any other, he then induced the power com- pany to make the experiment, and the results have been excellent. Elec- trical power as applied in the development of agriculture is in its infancy, but the results already achieved would indicate that its possibilities are almost boundless. Wherever applied, it is the harbinger of increased pro- duction and commercial success, and opens up a vista of future develop- ment that must furnish ample food for reflection to every thinking person. The rapid extension of electric lines is having a tremendously stimu- lating effect on the development of small farms and intensive farming throughout the State. s USE OF ELECTRICITY ON FARMS CLARENCE E. EDWORDS IF all the latent energy which comes down from the snow-clad tops of the mountain chain which rims the eastern part of California were converted into electrical force, there would be sufficient power devel- oped to drive every engine in the world. But there is one use where it is not necessary to have the far-away streams harnessed. Every farmer who lives on the borders of a little stream has at his door the means of supplying the energy that now comes from horses or back- breaking labor of men and women. While the expense would be mini- mized, the amount of work that would be accomplished and the amount of labor saved would make farming the ideal life in fact that it is in fancy. Take the practical possibilities of electricity in use on a farm — or rather that are now in use on various farms — and apply them to one ideal farm, and see what it would mean to every member of the household. I have in mind a farm of one hundred acres, where the owner, his two sons of fourteen and sixteen and a hired man work all the year round, and addi- tional help — sometimes two and sometimes three men — is employed during the rush season of fruit gathering. Five horses are kept at work, all re- quiring feed and care. It costs $480 a year to hire the man, and it is estimated that the feed and shoeing of the horses costs $486 a year. Expenses of repair and replacement of harness, with value of time expended in care of the ani- mals, may be estimated at the low figure of $34 a year, bringing the total up to $1,000 a year. Fuel and light may be estimated at $36 a year. In the house it takes the combined time of the farmer's wife and a servant to keep things going, while extra help is required during canning and preserving season. , If this farmer were to combine with three of his neighbors they could build the necessary dam, ditch, and power-house, install the power-plant and transmission wires, put in place necessary wires, motors, and appa- ratus on each farm at a cost to each individual of $1,500. This machinery would take the place of the hired man, horses, incidental expenses, light and fuel. Interest at seven per cent on the investment would be $105 a year, or about $900 less than it cost to run the farm under present con- ditions. It is necessary to compute the value of the horses and take that from the cost of the plant. Five good farm horses may be considered worth $500, thus reducing the cost of the plant to $1,000, making the interest expense only $70 a year. The expense of maintenance of the power-plant is inappreciable, as it almost runs itself when installed, re- quiring but a few minutes' attention two or three times a week, which work can be performed by a boy. With a system of portable supply wires and converters, electricity can be applied to any point on the farm. The house may be heated and light- ed electrically, saving labor in caring for stoves and lamps, preparing fuel and the cost of oil and wood. In the house kitchen work can be lightened, washing can be done, the sewing machine run, and numerous helps can be given to the women. On the farm pumping, hay-stacking, wood-cutting, feed-chopping, churning, and hauling, besides numerous duties, can be performed by electrical appliances. The windmill can be taken down, and the farmer will not have to depend on nature for drawing water from the well or for irrigation. Electrical motors can run the wagons and all farm produce can be taken to town in automobiles run by electricity or by a neighbor- hood trolley, as is now in use in France and Germany. The day will come when California farms will be run by electricity. ELECTRIC TRACTION IN SANTA CLARA COUNTY JOSEPH T. BROOKS Secretary San Jose Chamber of Commerce SANTA CLARA COUNTY and the Santa Clara Valley constitute an ideal location for development of electric roads, not alone because of the equable all-year-round climate which attracts the tourist from every part of the world, but as well for the many points of inter- est and attractions which lie along the various routes already in oper- ation in the territory named. We now have in operation and in the course of construction one hundred and sixty four miles of electric roads in San Jose and Santa Clara County, and will eventually reach San Francisco, fifty miles away, with our electric service. At present three lines of road are operating in the County. The San Jose, Los Catos, and Interurban Railroad Company is now operating forty miles of trackage and building forty miles more. All of this is in the central and western part of the valley, and will eventually reach San Francisco. Included is a line direct to Stanford University, Palo Alto, and Mayfield, which will open up a new city, which will bear the same relative position to San Jose that Pasadena bears to Los Angeles. The San Jose Railroad Company is operating sixteen miles of trackage in San Jose which extends to the immediately surrounding towns, of which there are a number so closely connected with San Jose that it is but an imaginary line that separates them from this larger city. The San Jose and Santa Clara Railroad has thirty miles of trackage, and is now ready to extend its building operations thirty-eight miles more. This company has in the course of construction twelve of the finest elec- tric cars, costing $14,000 apiece and which will be ready for service next spring. All of this electric traction mileage, built and building, is within the County of Santa Clara. San Jose is the general center and the terminus of each road. It is the beginning and ending of all the electric railroads of the famous Santa Clara Valley. The power for this extensive electric service is rented by all of the roads at a cheaper figure than they can afford to make it. It is produced entire- ly in the mountains, where water furnishes a cheap means of making elec- tric current on a large scale. In addition to the roads now in operation, it will be but a short time when many of the local lines of the Southern Pacific system will be con- verted into electric roads so that from San Jose one may tour the entire eastern side of San Francisco Bay into Oakland and Berkeley via an elec- tric traction system. Experience has taught that wherever the electric car presents an ap- pearance values increase and the population increases rapidly. Build a road into a desert and there will people go, but when the road is extended into the most beautiful spots of a delightful country, there we find thou- sands will make their homes because of the easy access and inviting environs. Within a few years a new road will be in operation from San Jose to Gilroy, which will open up to rapid-transit one of the most fertile sections of the county. This road will run through Edenvale, Coyote, Morgan Hill, and Rucker to Gilroy. Already surveys have been made to the Big Basin and also to Mt. Hamilton for an electric roadway. Wells Fargo & Co. Express has seen the possibilities of an express ser- vice on all interurban roads in the county, and has established such service, so that the farmer or the person living at his country home may have his goods delivered at his door, or in return send products to the cities along the line. lo ELECTRIC TRACTION IN SONOMA COUNTY C M. VAN FRANK THE Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railway Company was organized in 1903 for the purpose of constructing an electric railway from Peta- luma northward, through the berry and fruit producing district of the famous Santa Rosa Valley, to Sebastopol; thence easterly to the city of Santa Rosa, and northerly to the town of Graton and Forest- ville. The operation of the road began in the latter part of 1904, conduct- ing a regular passenger and freight business. In order to afford an outlet for freight to San Francisco, the steamer "Gold," together with canal, landings, and warehouse at Petaluma, was acquirpft steamer was added to the run between Petaluma and San Francisco. The railroad proper comprises some thirty-five miles of standard-gauge single-track road, using seventy-pound steel rails, and three thousand ties to the mile, and is rock-ballasted throughout. The average schedule speed of passenger-cars is twenty-five miles an hour, including stops. The dis- trict served by this railroad comprises one of the most productive sections of the State, and the development along the line, due to rapid, frequent and cheap transportation, has been remarkable. At the time of the great fire in San Francisco plans had been perfect- ed for the extension of the road southward to the bay, and thence by ferry-boats to San Francisco, and also northward from Santa Rosa to Healdsburg, together with several branches or feeders. The calamity of 1906 put a temporary stop to these extensions, but it can be said that at the present time the outlook for additional construction along similar lines, as well as other construction in Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Lake, and Medocino counties is bright. Various propositions looking to the construction and operation of a comprehensive scheme of electric railroads have been and are under consid- eration, and from present indications it seems probable that within a few years this portion of the State will enjoy a system of interurban railways that will compare favorably with any other portion of the United States, not only as to character of construction and equipment, but also as to extent of territory covered. A great need in this section of the State at the present time Is rapid and frequent transportation to and from San Francisco, such as can be afforded only through the operation of up-to-date electric railways, and it is safe to predict that the development of the counties lying north of and adjacent to the Bay of San Francisco will be wonderfully accelerated by the construction of such a system as above mentioned. It Is the history of all interurban electric railways which parallel older steam railroads that the passenger travel enjoyed by the electrics is from five to ten times the passenger travel formerly enjoyed by the steam roads which they parallel, and that the gross earnings of the older steam rail- roads are increased rather than decreased through the construction of electric roads, because of the development of the country which immedi- ately follows electric railway construction. It is therefore to the best inter- est of all concerned that the building of electric roads be encouraged as much as possible, and at the present time in many parts of the United States steam railroads no longer oppose the development of electric traction. Fresno, San Bernardino, Stockton, San Jose, and other electric-traction centers in the State unite in testifying to the enormous increase in sub- urban values following rapidly upon the Installation of trolley service con- necting outlying tracts with town. POWER FROM CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN- STREAMS WALTER J. KEN y ON SCIENTISTS warn us that the world's coal supply will last for only a few generations to come, and that, at the present rate of oil pro- duction, this source of artificial light and heat also will fall short within a comparatively brief period of time. With these two staple light, heat, and power producers no longer to be had, what then will be the resources in this direction of the generations to come? The answer is already in sight, so far as California is concerned. Con- served by the wonderful device of electric transmission, the falling waters of the Sierran and Coast Range canons become an inexhaustible and never- diminishing store of power, light, and, finally, domestic heat. The theory is so simple that a schoolgirl may understand. A mountain torrent is so confined that its force is expended against a water-wheel. This wheel, small, but moving with tremendous velocity and power, operates a dyna- mo— a machine which makes electricity. This electric current is passed along wires, overland through field and forest, to any locality desired, even though hundreds of miles away. Arrived at the end of its wire, it actuates other machines, which drive the wheels of factories, propel the trolley-cars through city streets and from town to town, light the laborer's cottage and the capitol dome, heat, if need be, the cook-stove and the parlor floor, and thresh the farmer's grain, grind his grist, and light his barn with the safe, uniform, modern light of the electric bulb. All these things the Sierran streams are doing to-day by the wonderful device of transmission; and a thousand further electric facilities they are destined to give the coming man. And then — the imperishable plenty of it all! You burn a pound of coal and that coal is forever destroyed as a source of utility; so with the oil or the wood. But the mountain stream comes down its roaring course forever, its power unabating through the years and centuries and cycles of human time. It cannot be used up, it cannot be destroyed. It is a heri- tage of all the generations to come; something of which we cannot rob them if we would. With coal and oil our regret is for the future — that the supplies in these will inevitably fail. With canon power our only regret must be for the past — that our fathers neither possessed nor dreamt of the talisman which would one day find for their sons a million Titan slaves who serve and ask no wage. It is beyond the scope of mathematics to compute the enormous total power available in the California mountain streams. As a tree-trunk is surmounted by major branches, and these again by lesser and less again, so a river system reaches downward from the highlands in many a thou- sand tumbling streamlets, ultimately starting in the everlasting snows. And each canon, gorge, and gulch of this uplifted universe is roaring its song of present or future power for men. Is it a wild optimism to dream that coal will go a-begging long before the mines are emptied of their store? Or even that petroleum will one day cease to pay its haul? One of the present working problems in electric science is the leakage of transmitted current. One hundred horse-power transmitted from the power-house is not one hundred horse-power when it arrives at the scene of its work. The wire conveying it offers resistance, and this resistance is a consumer, so that transmitted current is said to "leak," very much as the water in an irrigation ditch suffers a loss in volume on its way. To minimize this leakage is the great remaining problem. u II SOME CALIFORNIA POWER STATIONS HE following is a partial list of the power stations, numbering 106, now de- riving "juice" from California streams, and the horse-power of each. Among the important new plants at present under construction, and not enumerated in the list, are the Pacific Power Company's Station No. 2, in the northern Sacramento Valley, 15,000 horse-power; and the immense undertaking of the estern Power Company, on the Feather River. While the power expected from this project is unstated, it is known that the plant will be one of the most formid- able in the United States. There are many other plants omitted from the list, be- ing as yet still under construction. Electric Horsepower Yuba Electric Power Co., Marysville 2,000 Development Syndicate, Butte County . . . 183 South Yuba Water Co., Newcastle 134 Santa Ysabel Mining Co., Jamestown.... 80 Nevada County Electric Power Co., Ne- vada City 1,600 Tuolumne Electric Light and Power Co., Jamestown 500 Oroville Gas and Electric Co., Oroville... 75 Spring Creek Electric Power Co., Shasta. 300 Boca Ice Co., Prosser, Placer Co 140 Big Dipper Mining Co., Iowa Hill 120 Cold Bluff Mining Co., Downieville 125 Pioneer Mining Co., Plymouth 125 Hidden Treasure Gold Min. Co., Placer Co. 200 Jumper Mining Co., Stent 400 Mountain Copper Mining Co 400 Blue Lakes Water Co., Blue Lakes 2,000 Ventura Land and Power Co 125 Griffith Con. Mining Co., El Dorado Co... 500 Central California Electric Co., Auburn.. 750 Bell Electric Co., Auburn 100 Redlands Electric Power Co., Redlands, 4th Station 400 Rawhide Mining Co 1,800 Four Hills Mining Co., Plumas County... 300 City of Healdsburg Electric Light Co., Healdsburg 200 Utica Mining Co., Angels 1,100 Weaver Mining Co., Ballarat 100 M^ County Elec. Power and Light Co.. 9,500 cKral California Electric Co., 2d Station 1,200 Truckee River General Elec. Co., Floriston 2,300 Sierra Power Co., Southern California... 1,100 Crystal Lake Gold Mining Co 450 Stanislaus Power Co., Calaveras County. 1,400 Montauk Consolidated Gold Mining Co... 100 United Electric, Gas and Power Co 100 Santa Ysabel Mining Co., Tuolumne Co... 260 Keswick Electric Power Co., Shasta Co.. . 4,500 Big Creek Power Co., Santa Cruz, 2d Sta. 1,500 Folsom Electric Power Co., Folsom 4,000 Nevada County Electric Power Co 1,000 Santa Ysabel Mine, Tuolumne Co 500 Tuolumne County Electric Co 500 Gold Valley Mining and Milling Co 250 Big Creek Electric Power Co., Santa Cruz 800 Redlands Electric Power Co., Redlands. . . 1,000 San Antonio Electric Power Co 800 Standard Con. Mining Co., Bodie 650 Mammoth Mine, Madera Co 175 Mt. Lowe Railway Co., Aitadena 200 South Yuba Canal Co., Newcastle 130 Central California Electric Co., Newcastle 1,200 Bell Electric Light Co., Auburn 100 Banner Mining Co., Butte County 160 Weaverville Electric Light and Power Co. 700 Electric Horsepower Calumet Mining Co., Shasta Co 300 Delmatia Mining Co., El Dorado County.. 230 Southern California Power Co., Santa Ana Canon 5,000 San Gabriel Electric Co 3,200 Tuolumne County Water Co 1,500 Big Creek Power Co 900 Utica Gold Mining Co 1,000 Mariposa Commercial and Mining Co 730 Oroville Electric Light and Power Co 300 Los Gatos Ice and Power Co 150 Yosemite Valley Lighting Plant 250 Eagle-Shawmut Mining Co 100 Bay Counties Power Co 2,100 Standard Electric Co 1,800 Bishop Light and Power Co 100 Bay Counties Power Co., 2d Station 1,400 Standard Electric Co., 2d Station 3,000 Bay Counties Power Co., 3d Station 1,400 Edison Electric Co 1,000 Hazel Gold Mining Co 300 Northern California Power Co., 2d Station 6,600 American River Electric Co 6,600 Cloverdale Light and Power Co 350 Siskiyou Electric Power Co 1,100 Gaston Gold Mining Co 260 Edison Electric Co., 7th Station 1,700 North Mountain Power Co 1,100 Los Gatos Ice and Power Co., 2d Station. 150 Nevada Power M. and M. Co 3,000 Redlands Electric Power Co., 2d Station. . 800 San Joaquin Power Co., Fresno 1,400 Power Development Co., Bakersfield 1,500 Mount Whitney Power Co 1,800 Colgate No. 1 5,000 Ontario Power Co 1,500 Little Bear River Co., Alta 1,350 Standard Electric Co., Electra 13,500 Edison Elec. Light Co., Los Angeles, 6 Sta.: Kern River 25,000 Santa Ana No. 1 4,000 Santa Ana No. 2 1,600 Mill Creek No. 1 400 Mill Creek No. 2 1,400 Mill Creek No. 3 5,200 Pacific Gas and Electric Co., 10 Stations: Electra (Mokelumne River) 26,000 Colgate (North Fork Yuba River) 12,000 De Sabia (Butte Creek) 18,000 Centerville (Butte Creek) 1,200 Folsom (American River) 5,000 Auburn (Middle Fork American River) 670 Newcastle (Mid. Fork American River) 1,000 Alta (South Fork Yuba River) 4,000 Rome (South Fork Yuba River) 1,760 Yuba (North Fork Yuba River) 880 13 DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC TRAC- TION OF THE STATE AS the cheap production of electric power has developed, a number of isolated electric traction lines have sprung up, independently of the great city systems, such as those of San Francisco, Los An- geles, and Oakland, and the great interurban rapid transit roads such as the Northern Electric, the Los Angefes Interurban, and the Pacific Electric. For many years such cities as San Jose, Sacramento, Fresno, Stockton, and San Diego have had thoroughly efficient trolley service, and these installations have been followed in quick succession by others in Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, Riverside, Monterey, Santa Rosa, Visalia, Santa Cruz, and Bakersfield. The United Railroads of San Francisco have meanwhile pushed a line down the peninsula to San Ma- teo, connecting the towns for a distance of twenty-five miles. The intervening space thence to San Jose will shortly be completed. Con- struction is progressing also on a line extending from Mayfield into the Los Gates vicinity. In Marin County a thoroughly modern third-rail sys- tem has been in operation for two years, connecting San Rafael and way towns with ferriage at Sausalito. In a similar way the great network comprising the Oakland traction system, besides investing Berkeley and Alameda, reached out to a half-score of the Alameda County towns as far as Haywards. An impending step of much importance is the electroli- zation of the local Southern Pacific service, which will include the Oakland, Berkeley, and Alameda ferry trains, and it is generally believed that the "Wishbone Route," extending around the bay shore southward to San Jose, and thence northward up the peninsula to San Francisco, will be similarly electrolized in the no very distant future. The main suburban areas tributary to San Francisco will thus have eventually a double, and In the territory of the Key Route a triple, system of electric rapid transit. Finally, in the development of electric traction focusing at San Francisco we have the Ocean Shore Railway, traversing the west side of the penin- sula, its nominal terminus being Santa Cruz. This road is already com- pleted for a distance of eighteen miles at the San Francisco end and four- teen extending northward out of Santa Cruz; and eighty per cent of the remaining grading has been finished. Ultimately the road will be extended southward, in the hands of another company, as far as Watson- ville, at this point tapping the projected San Joaquin Valley and Western, a steam road to connect Fresno with the ocean at Monterey. In its electrical development, therefore, the State of California is seen to compare very favorably with the most populous sections of the East. And there is this in favor of the further rapid extension of its electric trac- tion lines: that whereas the East is mainly dependent upon coal or other fuel to produce steam, and thence in this expensive and cumbrous fashion to generate electricity, the Golden State can at any time render itself absolutely independent of steam-produced electricity by drawing further on its superabundant steam-power. The upper Sacramento River, with- out recourse to any further source of power, can be made to yield a greater electric horse-power than can be used, by any stretch of the Imagination, in the entire State, for any and all purposes of manufacture. Illumination, and traction. On this powerful stream twenty-five-thousand horse-power can be taken off at every two or three miles, with the utmost ease. It must be a very remote future, therefore, in which will arise any necessity for utilizing the less accessible reaches of the high Sierran water- courses. 14 PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS TWO important interurban divisions were opened to the traveling pub- lic on September 1st. The link in the main line of the Northern Electric extending from Sacramento to Marysville, and the Central California Traction Company's line from Stockton to Lodi. The line from Marysville northward to Oroville was already in opera- tion. The gap between Stockton and Sacramento will be rapidly closed, thus giving uninterrupted electric transit from Oroville to Stockton. An electric line from Stockton to Modesto is assured for the imme- diate future. Steps are being taken to extend the Northern Electric line to Redding. The Ocean Shore electric road has its terminal reaches out of San Francisco and Santa Cruz completed for a total distance of thirty-four miles and eighty per cent of the grading finished on the remainder of the line. Construction work is in progress on an electric traction line running from Mayfield to Vasona, a station in the vicinity of Los Gates. The mileage of the Pacific Electric Railway, of Los Angeles, if extend- ed in a direct line, would fall little short of connecting that city with San Francisco. In Santa Clara County there are now in operation or construction one hundred and sixty-four miles of electric roads. Santa Rosa is already an electric railway center, with several addi- tional lines planned for the near future. Surveys have been made for electric lines from San Jose to Mt. Hamilton and the Big Basin. In the Fresno district electricity Is being employed with especial suc- cess in pumping for irrigation and for draining agricultural land. Within the past year the San Bernardino County electric lines, con- necting Redlands, San Bernardino, Highland, Colton, Patton, and other points, have changed hands; and in the near future this system is to have connections with Los Angeles. The November Number of FOR CALIFORNIA will be devoted to INTENSIVE FARMING in the State The contributors have given special study to this subject as an accomplished fact in California, and as a movement of the greatest importance in the further development of the State. IS PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 6 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists In California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. Reasons for Investment in California: An instructive summary of Cali- fornia's resources, realized and potential. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907. Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907. Garden Number, July, 1907. Fisheries Number, August, 1907. Rivers and Harbors Number, September, 1907. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); In redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One size. (Price 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet- ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.) 16 NOVEMBER VaI IV Ma 19 10117 *• Ccels. 11.00 A Y« BULLETIN OF PROGRESS PUBLISHED BY The California Promotion Committee OCTOBER 31, 1907 ONE year and a half has passed since San Francisco was devastated by fire. During those eighteen months the progress toward complete recovery has been marvelous, and while there is not such feverish activity as marked the first twelve months, work is progressing at a rate unsurpassed in any other city, except New York and Chicago. The estimated value of the buildings for which permits have been asked since the fire totals the enormous sum of $100,000,000. Of this amount $30,000,000 is represent r'd by the permits during the past six months. Careful estimate^ ici^aiding cash expended for rehabilitation and reconstruction show that figure to have reached the total of $1;JG,000,000 since the fire. That business has been on a sound basis is shown by the total of bank clearings during the eighteen months, which has amounted to more' than two and a half billion dollars. During the month considerable money has been brought to San Francisco from the interior of the State for investment. Financial conditions throughout California have been very good owing to heavy crops and high prices, and as a result the interior has been of material assistance in rebuilding operations in the metropolis. The financial crisis in the East has had no material effect on California conditions. Great activity is shown in all parts of the State in electric power development. Reports from all interior cities to The California Promotion Committee show greatly increased activity in all lines of business. The following summary shows California conditions for the month, from September 29 to October 28, inclusive : San Francisco building permits, $1,811,88(5. San Francisco building permits since the fire, $87,147,363. Los Angeles building permits, $936,070.00. Oakland building permits, $648,593.75. Sacramento building permits, $129,614.00. San Francisco real estate sales, 550; value, $2,000,000. San Francisco bank clearings, $189,551,793.30. San Francisco bank clearings, October, 1906, $189,906,956.05. San Francisco bank clearings, October, 1905, $169,259,519.64. Los Angeles bank clearings, $47,384,043. Oakland bank clearings, $10,769,663.23. San Jose bank clearings, $3,789,243.94. Stockton bank clearings, $3,766,733.33. San Francisco customs receipts, $616,749.71. RELIABLE INFORMATION GIVEN ON ALL PARTS OF CALIFORNIA. Address: The California Promotion Committee, San Fran- cisco. . 1118-R C M-10-31-07-AXXX ER lA . D. LINDLEY m S. MILLS J. M. EDDY J. W. WEBB E. EDWORDS H. WYCKOFF IE t-*''-?:i;M'''3.'»:i-'ilT,^irWi.'?>'i'i¥j ■llllllll Vol. IV. No. 12. NOVEMBER 1907 19 Cents. $1.00 A Yei DIVERSIFIED FARMING NUMBER FOR CALIFORNIA FRONTISPIECE: CALIFORNIA FARMING ON THE INTENSIVE PLAN EDITORIAL INTENSIVE FARMING IN KINGS COUNTY H. D. LINDLEY VARIED FARMING IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY JOHN S. MILLS INTENSIFYING SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY J. M. EDDY SUCCESS ON SMALL TRACTS INTENSIVE FARMING IN STANISLAUS COUNTY J. W. WEBB CONDITIONS FOR INTENSIVE FARMING CLARENCE E. EDWORDS INTENSIVE FARMING IN NAPA VALLEY S. H. WYCKOFF THE PROFITS OF THE SMALL FARM PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITM SAN FRANCISCO THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTITEE (THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION) (ORGANIZED 1902) "PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement ; encouragement." — Century Dictionary. The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro- moting of California as a whole. It has nothing to sell. Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the advancement of California as their object. It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the industries of California. It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries and invites desirable immigration. It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information regarding labor conditions. It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business and professional activity. The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes no charge for any service rendered. Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and eighty-five commercial organizations of the State, with a membership of over thirty thousand. Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California, where matters of State interest are discussed. Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco in California Building, Union Square. Correspondence invited. FOR CALIFORNIA A MONTHLY PUBLICATION FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN UFE** DIVERSIFIED FARMING NUMDER NOVEIVIBER, 190T Vol IV, No. 12 VSE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITIIE CAUFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SOUAIE SAN FRANCISCO I EDITORIAL IN every agricultural commonwealth there are definitely marked stages in the evolution of the ownership of land and the uses to which the soil is put. It is a matter of record that Staten Island, New York, was once traded away by the Indians for a pair of blankets. In a similar way far vaster holdings have changed hands for similarly paltry consideration, all along the moving frontier, throughout the history of our country. In the palmy old days of padre and hidalgo the lands now lying between the borders of California were generously parceled out into immense tracts known as Spanish grants, many of which were princely holdings that had yet to be surveyed or even explored. In the days of a young civilization and a sparse population land is cheap because the methods of turning it to use are crude and insufficient and inadequate to develop its crop value. The most archaic use to which an agricultural area can be put is that of grazing. Up to the present generation the aggregate of the California arable lands have been abandoned to this use, or, we may almost say, this lack of use. What nature offered by way of stock-feeding grasses, without tillage or irrigation, was the current measure of land value. It is impossible in a few words to trace the change that has come over the land in this respect within the past two decades. Many agencies have worked together In bringing it about. Colonists have poured into the State — people with small means who must needs tackle small projects or none at all. The large landed capitalists who previously had been characteris- tically "land poor," began to see their advantage in cutting up their hold- ings and letting the newcomers in. From the standpoint merely of sub- sistence, also the rapidly growing population of California demanded such a change, for the sake of garden truck to supply local markets. Again, the surpassing success awaiting horticulture became amply demonstrated, and when an acre in oranges or peaches or nuts is easily worth tenfold its primeval value in grain, it is sheer folly to hold to the old stagnation and the old traditions that grew out of the Spanish days. Finally, the recent scientifically developed irrigation has lent its power- ful influence toward making the grazing-lands available for the purposes of varied farming. On the one hand the rapidly growing local and Eastern market has made intensive and varied farming the logical destiny of the land, and on the other the persistent scarcity of labor has confirmed the need of small subdivisions of the farm lands, in order that every farmer may be, in a large degree, his own laborer. In the meantime collateral influences have been growing, in the light of which we say, in the happiest sense, that farming is not what it used to be. In the preceding number of FOR CALIFORNIA it was shown how mountain-developed electricity was making the farmer's life a veritable luxury, — lighting his house, and even his barn; moving his farm machinery and doing his farm work; giving him talking communication with the world about, and interurban transportation almost throughout the State. From the standpoint of the conveniences and attractions of modern living, there- fore, farm life in California has escaped from that isolation which in other days restrained so many from the agricultural life. In the California of to-day the farmer is a suburbanite, with the facilities of modern city life closely linked with the delights and health-giving surroundings, and withal the substantial rewards, of ideal practice in husbandry. INTENSIVE FARMING IN KINGS COUNTY H. D. LINDLEY INTENSIVE farming, did you say? Well, yes, somewhat. In the imme- diate vicinity of Lemoore, in Kings County, there are probably as many opportunities to view the results of intensive farming as can be found in the State. With a deep, rich, alluvial soil and an abundance of water for irrigation, the small parcels of intensely farmed land around Lemoore have produced simply marvelous crops. I have visited many small ranches of the varied agriculture sort and have collected reliable and accurate infor- mation staggering to the farmers of the East and Middle West could I but paint a word picture of the scenes as I have found them; and if it were possible so to do, it would thrill me with pleasure to place photographs before the world portraying the results in the immediate vicinity of Lemoore. But the best I can do in the limited space allotted for the purpose and for the benefit of the homeseeker who is looking for good land, a mild climate, healthy in all seasons, free from cyclones, blizzards and life-destroying electrical storms, is to recite a few dry statistics of the results of the present season's intensive farming in our section of the State. We do not claim to be the best. We do not deny the fact that there are others. We do, however, claim that for a country that will bear the most intensified of intensive farming, the broad, beautiful acres around Lemoore have few equals and no superiors. A few of the season's actual results are appended. D. L. Henley's twenty-five acres of Muscat vines brought the owner $3,300 in gold coin for the fruit on the vines, the purchasers performing all the labor and assuming all risks. This is somewhat intense. George Tilton's thirty-five acres of grapes brought him $3,500, pur- chasers doing all the work. H. V. Woodgate's eight acres of seedless Sultana grapes (20 tons of fruit) sold for $100 per ton. An income of $2,000 from an eight-acre patch of ground comes very near being intensive farming. John Kurtz, from 150 acres of peaches, received $15,000 for the fruit on the trees, the buyer assuming all risks and performing all labor. J. A. McDonald, from five acres of peaches, $1,000 cash for the fruit on the trees, purchasers doing the picking and drying. James Althouse, from seven and one-half acres of peaches, $1,200 for the fruit on the trees, buyers doing all the work. W. V. Buckner, sheriff of Kings county, sold the fruit on the trees of his thirteen-acre peach orchard for $3,300, buyers doing the work. Rather intense. And the ladies, too. Mrs. M. P. Hatch sold the fruit on eight acres of peaches and prunes for $900, retaining enough for her own use, and was released from harvesting and all responsibility. Dr. B. Hamlin received $150 for the Muscat grapes on one and one-half acres of ground. A. B. Buckner received $1,000 cash for the fruit on a six-acre prune orchard, the buyers assuming all risks and doing all the labor. A little on the intense order. Here's another method of intensifying: A quarter-section, orchard and vineyard, close to Lemoore, was sold outright for $46,000. The purchaser sold $10,000 worth of fruit from the ranch and now has an offer of $46,000 for his place. George Latham, from thirty acres of ground, harvested ninety tons of fine grain hay, worth $1,080. U. I. Newkirk, from two and a quarter acres of ground, has harvested thirty-eight tons of fine onions, which he has marketed for twenty-five dollars a ton. This is certainly intensive farming in dead earnest. Mr. Newkirk also has a family orchard, hundreds of chickens, cows, teams, all manner of garden truck, and fine buildings, and for a man who com- menced on nothing except strong muscles and a will to do, less than four years ago, and has his place paid for now, it does seem as though he has intensified farming to about the limit. Again the ladies. Mrs. Campbell is making a good living and educating her family from a five-acre chicken ranch. Sherman Brown has fifteen acres adjoining the city limits upon which he has an old vineyard, a young vineyard, family orchard, cows, horses, hundreds of chickens, a fine market-garden patch, and is there comfort- ably caring for and educating his family. In the way of fine stock, Edward Erianger, our peace justice, has a band of as fine horses as one would wish to see, some of them high up in speed. It was Mr. Erianger who raised the famous trotter "Toggles," whose accomplishments are known to everybody. Besides all these there are numerous dairy, poultry, and hog ranches from which no statistics are at hand. Note particularly our climate. No zero weather in winter, no sun- strokes In summer, yet the thermometer frequently registers more than 100 degrees in the shade. This is the weather that puts the sugar into our fruit, makes our raisins and cures our fruit, while to add to our joy and comfort we have one of the finest irrigation systems to be found anywhere. Is it any wonder we around Lemoore are healthy, wealthy, and happy? Is it any wonder we frequently thank God, who, in his infinite wisdom, held out the beacon-light that guided us to this glorious, blessed land? We have ample room for thousands more good people, and extend the hand of welcome to all who desire to join our prosperous colony of inten- sive farmers, and for the guidance of home-seeking strangers I might profitably add that Lemoore is in Kings County. VARIED FARMING IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY JOHN S. MILLS Secretary Saa Diego Chamber of Commere* THROUGHOUT its length and breadth, the county of San Diego affords opportunity for diversified farming which may be said to be unparal- leled in the United States. The husbandman tills the ground at and below sea-level, and he sows and reaps at altitudes of five thousand feet and more. It is a county with snows on its mountain peaks, oranges and lemons in the mesa lands, the growing and ripening grains on the broad expanse of cultivable land, flowers abloom everywhere, and surf-bathing in the ocean which girts Its shores at one and the same time. Ask some one of the many who engage in agricultural pursuits here- abouts whether or not intensive farming Is a source of profit, and you will be told, without getting what you may deem a correct, or, rather, a direct, answer, that any kind of farming Is remunerative where a market exists. This market Is to be found now. Ergo, farming pays. For the benefit of those who do not know what the soil of this county will produce, let it be noted that corn may be grown of as good quality as that of which the Middle West States boast, and that the yield per acre is as large here as there. The people have just found this out, and thou- sands of acres have been planted to corn during the present season. Figures recently compiled show that San Diego County Is the largest hay-producing county in the State. In addition there is raised, in large quantities, wheat, barley, oats, rye, and buckwheat. Irish and sweet pota- toes grow in plenteous abundance, and the early crops are sent out to supply the demand in other localities, and then the dealers buy at a less price the crops of other localities for home consumption. Beans, cabbage, cauliflower, onions, tomatoes, celery, beets, radishes, cucumbers, in fact anything in the cereal or vegetable line that will grow anywhere else, will thrive here. In the way of citrus fruits, suffice it to say that it is the home of the orange, the lemon, the grape-fruit, while the grape, the berry, the deciduous fruit are also grown in abundance. Irrigation is necessary in many places, but there is water in sufficient quantities to meet the demand. In numerous instances the crops which were garnered had no moisture except that which the earth retained after the rains of the winter, and the yield was satisfactory in every respect. Truck-farming is remunerative, and the men from the Orient are not slow to grasp the opportunity thus afforded. Here the vegetable gardener is in his element, for no sooner does one growth diminish than another takes its place. In short, this is the land of perennial seedtime and harvest, and the table has something fresh from the garden every month of the year. The possibilities are greater than people living remote frorn this favored region can understand, greater than even those who have lived here for years fully realize. It does not take a large tract of land to occupy the time of one or more men in its cultivation, nor is it a prerequisite to till a quarter-section in order to make a living. I call to mind one man fiving in the El Cajon Valley, a few miles east of San Diego, who cleared forty dollars a day on his strawberry patch during the past summer. He has two acres under cultivation, and he was compelled to hire assist- ants to harvest his crop. Out in that same valley hundreds of Indians find work gathering the grape crops, and this valley is but one of the many in this county where like conditions may be said to exist. In the city limits of San Diego there are thousands of bearing fruit-trees and vines. Oranges, apples, lemons, grapes, figs, olives, quinces, and many other varieties of fruits are grown, and a little garden will keep a good- sized family supplied with all the vegetables they can possibly use. I have not gone into the subject generally. It is too large to attempt to describe in an article of the length at my disposal. Instead, there has been enumerated some of the products of the soil of San Diego County, ft is not improbable that there are numerous omissions, and I would make amends by saying that if there is anything in the fruit, cereal, or vegetable line which has not been specifically named, it can be grown in San Diego County. It is a far cry from cotton to chestnuts, yet both are grown in this county; and speaking of nuts calls to mind the fact that nearly every variety known to man is produced here as abundantly as other crops. INTENSIFYING SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY J. 31. EDDY Secretary Stockton Chamber of Commerce SAN JOAQUIN consists almost entirely of cultivated land. Out of the total area of 873,600 acres, 871,165 acres are assessed. This indi- cates that the land is used. But the kind of use has undergone a material change in the past few years. In 1899 San Joaquin was the leading county of California in the production of wheat, barley, and rye, and possibly hay. It then had only 1 ,966 farms, of which 699 were less than 100 acres in extent, while 414 were over 500 acres in extent. The progress of intensification through subdivision may be shown by the fact that there are now 2,554 farms of less than 100 acres, and 4,184 separate farms exclusive of island tenancies. The wheat-fields are being converted Into vineyards, orchards, gardens, and small dairies. Alfalfa hay from irrigated land is displacing grain pro- duced without irrigation. Diversified farming on small tracts is being widely substituted for grain-farming. But the chief factors in the intensi- fication and diversification of agriculture are truck-farming on the heavy lands about Stockton, special vegetable-farming on the reclaimed delta lands along the San Joaquin River, and special fruit-farming on small upland tracts of ten to forty acres in the northern part of the county, about Lodi, and the southern part of the county, around Escalon, Manteca, and other stations. In seven years the area about Stockton devoted to truck-gardening, the production of fresh vegetables for the Stockton and San Francisco markets, has increased from 20,000 to 50,000 acres, and these gardens yield in gross returns from $250 to $500 per acre annually. This industry is largely in the hands of Italian gardeners, who not only irrigate by means of windmills and gasoline-power pumps, but persistently fertilize their lands, and intensify to the extent of growing a. succe&&k)n of crops throughout the year. • penOXXt UbnfX The fruit development has been chiefly apparent in the Lodi section* where a large percentage of the newcomers have settled, built homes, and converted a large proportion of the farmed wheat and pasture lands into orchards and vineyards. Table and wine grapes, peaches, apricots, prunes, almonds, and olives have been the favorite specialties in that district. It is perhaps peculiar that in this part of the valley, diversification arises from specialization rather than from rotation or any effort to diversify. An owner of twenty acres will plant his holding entirely to table-grapes (Tokay) another to wine-grapes, another to prunes or olives, almonds or walnuts. This is in consequence of the spirit of the age, — perhaps an age which relies on specialization for the highest culture. In 1899 the Federal census-takers found 4,158^ acres of bearing grapes in San Joaquin County, and reported a gross product of 18,000,000 pounds. This year the experts of Geo. West & Son, found 18,385 acres of bearing vines, and the output will be over 55,000 tons. The grape industry has yielded such handsome profits during the past three years — from $100 to $400 per acre annually — from well-cared-for and mature vineyards that many have been stimulated to plant grapes. There are now 35,400 acres of vines in the county, and doubtless 10,000 acres will be planted the present season. The expansion of other fruit-growing has not kept pace with that of grapes, though peach, olive, almond, and prune growers have been very prosperous, and the cherry orchards have paid enormous profits. But many peaches, prunes, and walnuts have been planted in different districts, and 400 acres are being planted to olives near Ripon. In that section (South- ern San Joaquin) there has been a marked tendency toward diversification, and now beans, onions, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, kaffir corn, melons, peanuts, and berries are being produced on land that in 1899 was devoted exclusively to rye. The most wonderful development in the direction of intensive culture, however, has occurred in the reclaimed delta district, where over 200,000 acres of the richest land in the world are made to produce immense crops of potatoes, onions, beans, asparagus, chicory, and other vegetables'. These lands are held in large tracts necessarily to protect the reclamation, but are farmed in smaller tracts by tenants who pay cash rent or return part of the yield. This season as high as twenty and twenty-five dollars cash rental was paid for island land, and yet tenants made very large profits. The profits on onions at 1907 prices run in many instances from $500 to $800 an acre, and $1 50 to $300 an acre for the potato output was com- mon. The yield of beans is also above the average, and the prices being good, the encouragement to the industry is marked. There are 5,000 acres of asparagus in San Joaquin County which will keep four canneries busy next spring to preserve the product for shipment. And yet the process of intensification has only just begun, for the 871,165 acres of agricultural land in San Joaquin County are capable of sustaining In comfort and prosperity fully 87,116 families who will limit themselves to ten acres each. SUCCESS ON SMALL TRACTS MANY a man desires to go into farming on a small scale who has but little capital. He cannot make the outlay at the start. Such a man need not be deterred from entering upon the business in Cali- fornia, for there are numerous instances where men have suc- ceeded on much smaller tracts than twenty acres, and with a very scant backing indeed. In the Sacramento Valley Samuel Cleek and his wife have made a living from a one-acre patch of ground, since 1877. When Cleek went there all the country was given over to the raising of wheat. Cleek had meager capital. He obtained an acre in a corner of a big wheat-field, near a newly plotted townsite. He built a little cabin of one room and put up a windmill, then started to raise vegetables and poultry. He had great faith in the future development of the country, and as time went by he planted berries and fruits in many varieties. Cleek cultivated his one acre to its fullest extent on the intensified and diversified plan. Every foot on the acre farm was utilized, as will be seen by the following inventory of what the place contains: Cottage and porches, 30 by 30 feet; barn and corral space, including chicken-houses, 75 by 75 feet; two windmill towers, 16 by 16 feet each; garden, 46 by 94 feet; blackberries, 16 by 90 feet; strawberries, 60 by 90 feet; citrus nursery, 90 by 98 feet (in this there are usually 400 budded orange trees); a row of dewberries along the fence, 100 by 2 feet; 4 apricot-trees, 2 oak-trees, 3 peach-trees, 6 fig-trees, 10 locust-trees, 7 eucalyptus-trees, 30 assorted roses, 20 assorted geraniums, 12 lemon-trees, seven years old; a lime tree from which were sold within one year 160 dozen limes, 4 bearing bread- fruit trees, 8 bearing orange-trees, 5 pomegranate-trees, 6 beds of violets about 65^ feet each, 1 patch bamboo, bed callas, 4 prune-trees, 6 cypress- trees, 16 stands of bees, 4 huge grapevines, 1 bed sage, 1 seed bed, besides honeysuckles and many rare shrubs. On his one acre Cleek and his wife lived and laid by some money. When it is remembered that land which is worth from $1,000 to $2,000 an acre is being cultivated and gives good interest on that amount of money. It will be seen that small acreages can be utilized to great advan- tage if properly cared for. But it must be remembered that more depends upon the man than upon the ground. California is not a lazy man's country. The instances of good results enumerated above would not have been possible had not the man worked intelligently, persistently, and to the best advantage all the time. There are frequent instances in California where a man has been fortunate enough to acquire a piece of ground with improvements at a cost which made it a bargain because the original owner of the place failed in the requisites which could have made the place a success. The new owner has started with a good place, and has made a living and laid by a good sum each year on the same place where the other man ran into debt. An instance of this sort recently occurred in one of the foothill valleys. A man purchased forty acres of land lying partly on the hill and partly on bot- tom. A stream ran through the bottom land, and on the hill were two fine springs. He built a house of nine rooms at the foot of the hill, piped and plumbed, with water from one of the springs. The outbuildings were good and substantial, and the place was put in good order, the improvements alone costing $2,500. But the owner, while a good man as men generally run, wanted to live without working very hard, and he put his bottom land in five acres of alfalfa and sixteen acres of rye grass for pasture. His hill land was left in timber with the exception of about one acre in orchard and vineyard of table-grapes. He kept two cows, a few chickens and turkeys, half a dozen Angora goats, and sat down to wait for a living income to grow. It did not grow to any appreciable extent, and debt began to accumulate. The place changed hands, the new owner paying $3,500 cash for it. He expended $1,000 more in changing conditions, and put $500 in cows and chickens, making the place stand him $6,000. He then had ten good grade cows, valued at forty dollars each, one hundred young laying hens, ten turkey-hens and two gobblers, four horses, ten hogs. He increased his alfalfa patch to eight acres and put thirteen acres into berries, fruits, and vegetables. This took in the twenty-one acres of bottom land. On the nineteen acres of hill-land he increased his orchard to five acres and his vineyard to five acres. His house grounds, with the stable, corrals, and poultry yards, covered three acres more, leaving six acres on the hill sur- rounding the spring in timber, from which he got all his firewood. The forty-acre place which ran one man into debt brought the new owner who worked with his brains and hands over $3,000 a year, and it was not an exceptional year either. INTENSIVE FARMING IN STANISLAUS COUNTY J. W. WIBBB Secretary Stanlalaus Board of Trade THE writer has been asked to contribute an article on intensive farming in this great and rapidly developing part of central California. But land is as yet so plentiful and reasonable in price, and labor com- mands such high wages, that intensive farming, as understood in European countries, is not yet followed by American farmers, orchard- ists, vineyardists, and gardeners in Stanislaus County. Object-lessons in this line are obtained from the Chinese, Japanese, French, and Italian gar- deners, who utilize every foot, not to say every inch, of good land, and with successive crops. In the fertile, well-irrigated districts of Modesto and Turlock, in Stan- islaus County, as in much of the great San Joaquin Valley, extensive farm- ing is giving away to intensive cultivation. The old way was to plow hun- dreds and thousands of acres in a tract with ten-mule teams, often with a grain-seeder and harrow attached. The crop was harvested with a twenty- horse combined harvester. But under the abundant irrigation the land is being subdivided into tracts of from five to forty or eighty acres. This naturally involves something like intensive farming or gardening. Some orchardists have planted pretty thickly between their rows of trees such products as cantaloupes, watermelons, peas, beans, Irish and sweet potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, and other garden truck. Whether it is wise thus to tax the soil and moisture, however rich the land may be, and however well it responds to the demand, is a matter of doubt with some people. Mr. Egebert Stevens, near Modesto, comes pretty near being an intensive farmer. An examination of the large number of trees and plants that he raises to the acre proves this. In Piis garden he is following the method common in Holland, his native country, of "trenching." He spades a good deep trench, throwing the top soil by itself. This he puts back on the top of a good layer of well-rotted barnyard manure, filling up with earth from the lower stratum. This plan he follows over the whole garden area. It is astonishing the quantity and quality he raises from land thus treated and properly irrigated. Perhaps some of the berry patches approach as nearly as anything intensive gardening. Hon. L. W. Fulkerth, Superior Judge of Stanislaus County, publishes the following from his own observa- tion: "One man from one fourth of an acre of berries, picked this year 125 crates which he sold at one dollar per crate. Others received even better returns from berries. One firm had seven acres in strawberries, from which it picked a ton a day for quite a period. It is said that these berries paid in the neighborhood of $600 per acre. Ten acres bought four years ago at thirty dollars an acre, which had been partially improved, sold this spring for $270 per acre. One eighth of an acre was set to loganberries, which last year produced $107 to the owner. I am informed by a local firm of grocers, who are handling fruits and berries, that one man this year picked from mixed berry vines — phenomenal, dew, and blackberries — a crop amounting to $885 from one and an eighth acres." The cultivation of strawberries is a demonstration of this kind of gardening. Mr. Markley, of Fresno, and his son at Turlock are preparing ground for twenty acres of strawberries for the San Francisco and other markets. The plants will cover the ground as thickly as compatible, with barely room for irrigating and picking the closely set rows. On some seven acres he kept from twelve to fifteen Japs busy picking during the height of the season, — quite a long one, — and he shipped a ton per day. There are still berries growing in the field, and the patch has been a producer since May. The neighbors near the patch have been living on berries since the owner quit picking. William Potts, near Turlock, has one intensive acre of strawberries from which he netted over $600 this season in actual sales. In dairying, Mr. W. P. Stevenson, near Ceres, is making a marked suc- cess. He has ten acres of alfalfa from which he is feeding fifty-one first- class milch cows. It is in ten equal checks. From the first check he cuts the green alfalfa and feeds it. While cutting and feeding the next check, he highly manures and applies gypsum to the first check, and so on down the line. Repeating the process, by the time he has fed off the last check, the first one is ready to be cut again. In the matter of alfalfa grown for hay, Mr. D. B. Thompson is at this date (Oct. 10th) almost ready to cut his crop for the sixth time. His hundred acres will average him a gross income of from sixty to seventy dollars an acre, which is more than the price he paid two years ago for the land. Others, in various parts of the county, have cut the fifth crop, and expect to harvest a sixth. And this is the result, of course, of judicious irrigation and keeping the land in a high state of fertilization. Sometimes two crops are raised on the same ground in one season, — to-wit, grain hay followed by Kaffir or Egyptian corn, or Irish potatoes, or even an early and late crop of the latter, the ground being irrigated again for the second crop. This is on virgin soil, or, strange to state, on land that has been closely cropped with grain for the last thirty or forty years, during which time no fertilizers were used. But in later years the land was often summer-fallowed. With abundant irrigation water and systematic fertilizing, intensive farming and gardening will be resorted to as the years go by and land be- comes increasingly high in price, till ten acres will be quite a ranch, and five acres yield a living for a small, industrious, managing, and economical family. CONDITIONS FOR INTENSIVE FARMING CLARENCE E. EDWORDS THERE is no land on earth where intensive farming is more profitable than in California. In those countries where vast populations on small areas of cultivable lands are compelled to farm on the intensive plan, is found the most comfort in the home, while in those countries where great tracts are held under one ownership is found the greatest poverty. But the intensive farming of other lands than California is not at its best, for neither climate nor soil is found at its best there, and the intensive farmer requires the best of both for the greatest success, and in 10 addition to this he must use his brain as well as his hands, and cultivate his land to its highest degree, and so arrange his crops that the diversity will insure him an income. The future of California agriculture depends on intensive and diversi- fied farming. To the superficial cultivation of large tracts of land is due California's lack of progress along agricultural lines in the past. Great stretches of land in California were granted by the Spanish and Mexican governments to favorites, and millions of acres were given over to loose farming and to the pasturage of cattle, horses, and sheep. To such an extent was this done in the past that at times when, owing to lack of water, the pasturage was insufficient great herds of horses which ran wild over the land, were rounded up and driven over precipices into the sea in order that the cattle and sheep might have more feed. What cultivation came to these enormous estates was in a comparatively small part of the land. The owners received such princely incomes because of their vast holdings that they paid no attention to the details of farming, but preferred to live in the cities or in the magnificent haciendas in a style the magnificence of which rivaled that of many of the princes of the old world. This was the reason the possibilities of California's incalculably rich soil were as a closed book to the world for so many years. But, as those same Spaniards say, "Otra dias, otra cosas." Other days have come and with them have come other things. The people of California are awakening to the wonderful possibilities of the soil and climate of the State, and with this knowledge comes the doom of the large holding of land. Where at one time great tracts maintained at most one hundred people now thousands are provided with homes on the same area. Thousands of acres of the richest soil in the world still lie waiting the com- ing of the small farmer to California. It is only through intensive farming that these lands will give all their best, and when the land is worked to its utmost that best is something never dreamed of by farmers of the older States. Such thorough farming without exhausting the resources of the soil requires an intelligence scientifically educated to constantly supervise the work. It will be seen from this fact that the area of land which one man can care for and supervise to its fullest advantage must of necessity be small. Hence it is that intensive farming requires a small farm. But with inten- sive work on a farm diversity goes hand in hand. It is a dangerous condition to have but one product on a small farm. In good seasons and in average seasons the crop will pay wonderfully well; but when there comes a bad season, a poor market, or any of the many things that are adverse, then the small farmer finds himself without returns for his labor, without means of sustenance, and obliged to wait an entire year before he can hope to re- cover from the mishap. The small farm, intensely cultivated with diver- sified crops, is the boon of the farmer and the hope of the State. In the small farm there must be no waste places. No weed-grown corners nor weed-lined fences must deface the farm and draw life which should go to the crops. Between tree-rows neither grass nor weed should find room to absorb irrigating water, and draw sustenance from the soil which belongs to the crop. The small diversified farm is especially alluring to the man with small means, who, while he can buy but a few acres, can feel assured that he will not only provide for his family, but will also be able to lay aside some- thing each year which will go for future comfort. His returns are sure, and if properly managed his little farm is bringing in cash every month with the regularity of a salary. Fresno is shipping from sixty to one hundred tons of figs a day, and these shipments are not keeping pace with the packing of the crop. Prices, here and in the East, remain firm. 11 INTENSIVE FARMING IN NAPA VALLEY S. H. IVYCKOPF Secretary Napa Chamber of Commerce INTENSIVE farming in Napa Valley is not practiced nor appreciated as much as it should be, although there are many farmers here who are keeping fully abreast of the times and are thoroughly informed as to all the latest and best methods in agricultural and horticultural work, both as regards the soil and in the use of up-to-date farm implements and machines, but there are yet many of the old settlers who are still farming as they did many years ago, and are raising a little hay and grain and pasturing the stock on the land after the crop is gathered, and are perhaps getting fifteen to twenty-five dollars an acre from their land. These are the people who have no use for agricultural journals, farmers' insti- tutes, etc., but their more up-to-date neighbors, who have taken advantage of the newer methods, and are practicing intensive farming, are thoroughly tilling the soil, using fertilizers, and raising the varieties of products best suited to their soil, are taking from their land from $100 to $250 an acre. In conversation with one of our fruit-growers recently, he informed the writer that he had been engaged in horticultural and agricultural pursuits for over forty years, and had lived in many parts of the country, but that he had not found any place where the soil, climatic conditions, and rainfall all work together so harmoniously for the production of fruits as they do here in Napa Valley. This man, by a careful study of his soil and adopting the fruits best suited for his locality, by fertilization, careful pruning, picking, packing, and marketing, has made fruit-raising pay him handsome profits. The past season he was sick and had to hire all his work done, but was able to be about and supervise the work to a certain extent, yet this year on his place of fourteen acres, which he values at $12,000, he has made a net profit of twelve per cent on his investment. One of our farmers, who for many years has been raising hay and grain, informed me that he put ten acres in alfalfa two years ago. This alfalfa he raised without irrigation, and the returns are just twice as much as when he was raising hay and grain. Perhaps the best proof that intensive farming in Napa Valley pays will be to give illustrations of the results obtained by our fruitmen. These are actual results and the figures can be verified. Mr. W , who owns a fruit orchard about five miles north of the city of Napa, has sold $1,100 worth of Royal Ann cherries from one acre, making a net profit of over $800 per acre. His orchard consists principally of cher- ries, peaches, prunes, and pears, and for the past four years has shown him a net profit of $250 per acre. Mr. B , three miles west of Napa in the foothills, has made a net profit of about $800 from three acres of cherries in one season. Mr. B , living south of Napa, has for three years taken from his Bartlett pear orchard an average of $225 per acre and each year from his Gravenstein apples an average of $350 per acre. These are gross returns; and as nearly all of the work is done by himself and family, it will readily be seen that a large part of this is profit. Many prune orchards that are properly taken care of are producing from eight to ten tons an acre each year. As the prune crop is one that can be handled and gathered at small expense, and good prices are pre- vailing, such yields as these will make a handsome profit. For the year of 1906 Mr. L , living in the foothills east of Napa, produced eighty-eight and one-half tons of grapes from eleven acres of ground and sold them at thirty dollars a ton. Mr. T , whose place is situated seven miles south of Napa, took from 815 apple trees, twelve years old, 4,060 boxes, which brought him la $3,654 gross. A careful statement was kept of all expense pertaining to the work and the cost of cultivating, pruning, spraying, picking, marketing, and material for boxes and packing amounted to $1,100, leaving a net profit of $2,254. These are young trees not fully matured, and it is ex- pected that when they attain their full bearing capacity the returns will be better. Mr. S , two miles west of Napa, has been taking ten tons per acre from his prune orchard for several years, and his Crawford peaches have produced from thirteen to fourteen tons per acre. This man has a small farm and does almost the entire work himself, and his little place is mak- ing him a handsome profit. Mr. H , whose farm is located five miles north of Napa, in the year 1906 took seventy-five tons of dried prunes from twenty-five acres of land. These prunes were sold for sixty dollars a ton, making gross returns $4,500. These are a few of the many instances that can be given showing that the man who puts modern methods into his farm work and uses good busi- ness judgment will make good profits. Equally good returns can be shown in other branches of farming in Napa Valley, especially among those who are keeping cows and poultry. These are splendid opportunities for the man who desires a home amid beautiful surroundings, where the soil is rich and responds readily to the efforts of the husbandman, where the rainfall is always sure and irrigation is not necessary, where he can be near the best markets in the State, with quick transportation and low freight rates, to get a home in Napa County at very reasonable prices for the land. If he will then pursue his work intelligently, making use of the latest and best methods, he can be assured of splendid financial returns. THE PROFITS OF THE SMALL FARM THERE is a demand in California for the products of a diversified farm. Thousands of carloads of poultry products, dairy products, livestock, and meats are shipped into California every year. The diversified farm brings in quick, frequent cash returns for the labor expended. The farmer gets cash for his milk from the creamery every thirty days; he gets cash for his poultry products and for his fruits and vegetables. His hogs fatten on skim milk and sell for cash. If the intensive diversified IFarm be run intelligently, there will be a monthly cash income that will be as regular as a salary, and much more satisfactory than any salary earned by a man who works at a desk or counter in the city, for it will carry with it the feeling of ownership in the business which pays the salary, and the further satisfaction that the man who draws the money is his own employer. There is a wonderful future for intensive farming in California. With the richest soil in the world, and the water which can be impounded to successfully irrigate the soil, there is no limit to its productivity. The day will come when the greater interior valley, the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, will be given over to intensive farming, and that vast area fifty miles wide by five hundred miles long will be the most productive place on the globe. In the southern part of the State the opportunities for intensive and diversified farming on small ranches are increasing every year with the development, while all along the coast, clear up to the coun- try which was formerly given over to the lumber industry, small farms are now taking the lead. Coincident with this increase of the number of small farms comes the increased demand for the products raised on them, and 13 with all the increase of production there has been no diminution of the de- mand; rather has there been an increase in demand and a consequent increase in prices paid for the farm products. With every increase in the population of the farming districts of the State, there is an increase of the city population which calls for the increased supply of farm products. Good land for intensive farming can be bought in many parts of Cali- fornia for from fifty to one hundred dollars an acre. This can be had on a small cash payment and easy terms on the balance, if a man so desire. A small house and the other necessary improvements on a twenty-acre farm, with horses, cows, and poultry, can be had for a sum that will make the total cash outlay in the beginning, not more than $3,000. This farm will give an active, energetic man a good living for himself and family, and will let him put a good sum into the savings-bank each year. The expenses of a small diversified farm are small, and one is always certain of having the table necessities. The farmer must have average intelligence and the faculty of application. California is not a shiftless man's country, and to succeed on a small farm or in any industry in this State a man must apply himself to the business at hand. Many a man who has not been able to pay down more than one fourth of the price of his small farm has achieved entire success with diversified farming, and has paid for the place within two or three years from the proceeds. Many instances might be cited of such success in California. In fact there is scarcely a locality in the State where they may not be found. Hundreds of men in California today are well-to-do who came here with just enough to pay part of the purchase price of their places and get the improvements and stock. These men devoted themselves to diversified intensive farming and are now considered among the substantial citizens of the State. There are entirely too many of these instances to attempt to enumerate them. One instance will be a fair sample of them all. A prospective farmer bought twenty acres of land at $100 an acre paying one-fourth cash and taking the rest on easy payments. His outlay at the start was: Twenty acres, $500; improvements, $2,000; horses, wagon, harness, farm utensils, etc., $350; six cows, $240; six young pigs, $30; chickens, $20; incidentals, $110, Total, $3,250. This man divided his land, laying out eight acres to vineyard, two acres to orchard and garden, and ten acres to alfalfa. Five acres of the vineyard were devoted to Tokay grapes and three acres to seedless Thompsons, for raisins, and while these vines were reaching maturity the six cows, together with the pigs and their progeny and the hens, supported the family. The lima bean crop of Ventura County is commanding from four to five cents a pound, with the price rising. The yield will be well over 500,000 sacks. The highest priced carload of fruit that ever left Yolo County was recently shipped from Winters direct to Germany. It was loaded with apricots, and its net value was $8,040.92. The cantaloupe growers of Brawley, in Imperial County, California, sent 209 carloads of cantaloupes to market this season, at a net return of $702.93 a car. There were twenty-three growers, and the net profit to each was $6,387.82. The total amount received was $146,919.86. The pulp from beet-sugar factories is coming to be an important article of fodder. A herd of fifteen hundred cattle is maintained on the output of the factory at Hamilton, in Glenn County. 14 PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS THE walnut season opened several weeks earlier than usual. The California nuts are about six weeks ahead of the foreign product, which is both late and below the standard in quantity. The Los Angeles Walnut Growers' Association is realizing prices nearly forty per cent in advance of those of other seasons. The Fresno raisin-growers are finding a very strong Eastern market for the California raisin, and prices are ruling high. Five and five and a half cents are being offered, and the growers are holding for six. The prune shipments are well along now. The crop has been light, running about 30 per cent of normal, but the quality is fine, and prices are very good. The bulk of the crop is going at ninety dollars a ton, and some of it will fetch one hundred dollars. The grape crop of the season now closing has been enormous, the prices nevertheless remaining firm. Something over three thousand car- loads of grapes were shipped from California points. The Lodi district, besides making heavy consignments of table grapes, sent immense quantities of wine grapes to the wineries. The new electric railroad between Stockton and Lodi played an important part in shipping the vineyard product. The season's crop of almonds is short in some places and consequently the Contra Costa County almond-growers, whose crop is very full, are enjoying an active market and high prices. Fifteen cents a pound is being realized, with chances for a higher figure shortly. The Marysville district shipped six or seven carloads of grapes a day for a period of some weeks. In Yolo County the grape-growers are count- ing this their banner year. All conditions have been favorable. The crop was larger than usual and the quality unsurpassed. The yield of the pres- ent season has been the largest in the history of the county. Not less than twenty carloads a day were shipped out of Yolo. The Boulder Creek vicinity, in Santa Cruz County, has specialized in fancy varieties of grapes, some of which bring as high as from twenty- seven dollars to thirty-two dollars a ton. There has never been a time in the history of the State when so many local projects in railroad building were simultaneously in hand. This means new intensive farming areas opening up, and it means better shipping facilities for the California fruit-growers throughout the State. The rapidly extending use of irrigation is opening up vast areas to the colonist and small farmer, that have been until now abandoned to pasturage. Under the stimulating influence of the irrigation ditch and the electric railroad, new colonies and towns spring up like mushrooms, and flourish like the green bay-tree. The December Number of . . . FOR CALIFORNIA will be DEVOTED ENTIRELY TO BIRDS AND BIRD LIFE OF CAUFORNIA The writers are those especially qualified, by a lifelong study of the feathered tribe, to present the different aspects of this subject. IB PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in half-tones; price, $1.00. HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each). Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul- letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics. Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of California. Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture. Intensive Farming In California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small Means. Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors should see and what it will cost. Reasons for Investment in California: An instructive summary of Cali- fornia's resources, realized and potential. SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA" San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906. Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March, 1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.) Springs Number, April, 1907. Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907. Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907. Garden Number, July, 1907. Fisheries Number, August, 1907. Rivers and Harbors Number, September, 1907. Electrical Development Number, October, 1907. MAPS OF CALIFORNIA Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10 cents); in redwood frame, $1.00. Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.) Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali- fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.) Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One size. (Price 20 cents each.) CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com- merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re- sorts. (Price 10 cents.) MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free). COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet- ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.) I I