850I

.F78

V5

VoLV. No. 1.

DECEMBER

1907

10 CcBts. $1.00 A Year

BIRD NUMBER

FOR CALIFORNIA

FRONTISPIECE: BROWN THRUSH: ONE OF CALIFORNIA'S SONGBIRDS

EDITORIAL

BIRDS IN CALIFORNIA DR. FREDERICK W. D*EVELYN

BIRDS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT

BIRDS OF MY WINTER GARDEN

THE GREATEST BIRD ROOKERY IN THE WEST

SOME BIRDS THE STRANGER SEES

BIRD BEAUTY AND PERFECTION

A BIRD WITH A LANGUAGE

BIRDS OF THE MOUNTAINS

PASADENA TOURISTS

GULLS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY

THE AUDUBON SOCIETY OF CALIFORNIA

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS

FRED W. KOCH

BERTHA CHAPMAN

MILTON S. RAY

ELIZABETH GRINNELL

WILLIAM E. RIHER

JOSEPH GRINNELL

WILLIAM W. PRICE

WALTER P. TAYLOR

CLARENCE E. EDWORDS

W. SCOTT WAY

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTITEE

SAN FRANCISCO

I^B

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITTEE

(THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION)

(ORGANIZED 1902)

"PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'uancement; encouragement." —
Century Dictionaiy.

The Calrfornia Promotion Committee has for its object the pro-
moting of California as a whole.

It has nothing to sell.

Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the
advancement of California as their object.

It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the
industries of California.

It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries
and invites desirable immigration.

It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information
regarding labor conditions.

It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business
and professional activity.

The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes
no charge for any service rendered.

Affiliated with the Committee. are one hundred and eighty-five
commercial organizations of the St^te, with a membership
of over thirty thousand.

Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California,
where matters of State interest are discussed.

Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco
in California Building, Union Square.

Correspondence invited.

FOR CALIFORNIA

A MONTHLY PUBLICATKM

"FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST TVERE IS IN UFE"

BIRD NUMBER

DECEIVIBER, 190T

Vol V, No. 1 v . h'

TOE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMiriK

CAUFORNIA BUILDING, UNION SOUARE
SAN FRANCISCO

•-3 b 9 ^ f

Bancroft UbnxT

EDITORIAL

IT would be Interesting to learn the source of that remarkable fiction
that California is deficient in bird life. It falls in the same class
with the utterances of the young lady from Boston who, after a parlor-
car tour across the Mojave Desert and up the San Joaquin Valley,
remarked, with nose elevated and manner final, "You Californians have
no trees!"

The mild climate of the State secures to it an ample feathered popu-
lation, who remain throughout the year. In addition there is a contingent
who condescend to be our guests during the winter, spending their sum-
mers in various northern latitudes. There are other species that ordinarily
may be seen here only during the summer, seeking the tropical or sub-
tropical lands for the winter months. Then there is a large class of
migratory songsters who are with us only for a few weeks in the spring
and fall, during their passage north and south. Finally, our vast sea-
frontage carries with it a heavy population of various members of the gull
family, together with other water birds. Most of these, also, remain
the year round, being wise birds and knowing a good thing. Swans,
geese, and a wide variety of ducks are with us in force during the moving
seasons, twice a year. A day's clamber among the crags of any of our
coast promontories or a stroll along one of the beaches will discover the
cormorant, murre, petrel, sand-piper, snipe, grebe, a variety of scoters,
shags, and other aquatic experts, and finally that great master seabird,
the albatross, with his superb spread of wings.

Passing to the antithesis of our bird life we find in the uplands and
the High Sierras most of the world's formidable birds of prey, including
the golden and the bald eagle, the condor, the vulture, falcons, ospreys,
kites, and lesser hawks without number, and at least ten of the various
owls. Then there are the grouse, partridge, and quail family heavily repre-
sented throughout the State, with at least seven varieties, from the smaller
sorts of quail to the immense pine grouse, which attains a length of almost
two feet.

As to the songsters, the list is far too formidable to admit of even
enumeration on this page, but we may note in passing nine of the oriole,
lark, and blackbird family; no less than thirty-eight of the finches, exclu-
sive of the obstreperous and unmusical English sparrow, and including
many of the exquisite songsters; three of the waxwings, or cedar birds;
seventeen warblers and vireos; twelve of the wren family, including mock-
ingbirds and thrashers; ten of the chickadees and wrens; and seven of the
robin, thrush, and bluebird group. To these add, for the sake of beauty
of plumage or some attractiveness other than song, fifteen of the wood-
pecker tribe, three goatsuckers, ten swifts and swallows, six humming-
birds, fifteen of the flycatchers, and eleven of the raucous jay, magpie,
and crow family. Beyond these there are still many other kinds of Cali-
fornia birds to be named, to which only a trained ornithologist could assign
their proper places.

There are enthusiastic field-farers in California who claim with con-
viction that the birds of the State attain more exquisite powers of song
than their nearest relatives east of the Rockies. This is certainly true in
at least one case, and very probably in several. The California meadow-lark
comes from a world-wide ancestry of peerless songsters, but nowhere
abroad does the liquid joy of this bird's carol attain quite the exquisite
qualities to be heard afield in California. It was a wise law, indeed, that
placed this orphic treasure of our pastures within the pale of protection
against the low-grade gunner.

And in closing we cannot resist looking once again to the unknown
oracle who sees a lonesomeness in our California feathered population, and
bidding him go to; let him cultivate the habit of a stroll before breakfast,
with an eye for plumage and an ear for song, and he will realize that here
at least is one more world to conquer.

BIRDS IN CALIFORNIA

DR, FREDERICK W. D'EVELYN
President of The Cooper Ornithological Club o£ California

AMERICAN ornithology is to-day placed in the foremost ranks of
established sciences. The time when an interest in birds was con-
sidered an indication of childish fancy or an aimless fad of some
harmless and useless crank is now only spoken of in the past
tense. The necessity of a scientific knowledge of the birds of any given
region is now deemed obligatory.

The State of California, with its wondrous climatic variations and life
zones, and the great interest inseparably associated with its agricultural
possibilities, most certainly should learn to recognize that birds are an
asset of great significance. It is now an established fact that success or
failure in the varied operations of the agriculturist very largely depends upon
the maintenance of the natural balance between beneficial and injurious
factors. In the suppression of these latter no one agency has been found
more potent than birds. Some five hundred varieties are listed as appear-
ing within the boundaries of the State, a richness of avifauna which the
city dweller, accustomed only to the aggressive English sparrow, has never
even surmised as likely, much less admitted as a reality. Of these varieties
how many are there with which the agriculturist, orchardist, or even the
nature student are familiar? It must be admitted that it is but a very
limited number. With an Increased acreage under cultivation, and a cor-
responding increase in destructive insects, does it not become a necessity
that a good working knowledge at least of the birds of the locality be
obtained, — their habits, their food, and, in short, their economic status, —
as an aid or otherwise to the agricultural interests of that region?

Recently a glaring double-column display-header in a daily newspaper
published within a hundred miles of San Francisco, in a region generally
considered eminently intelligent, announced that "An awful slaughter of
bluejays will be inaugurated during the spring months." To secure this
slaughter, prizes of many descriptions, from money to shot-guns, were
offered, and thus stimulated the "sportsmen" of that section and the
farmers' boys vied with each other in their destructiveness, each hoping to
win the blue ribbon for the greatest number of scalps. Interested in this
matter, the writer interviewed several of the leading subscribers to the
prize fund, — men of standing, men of education, both laity and profes-
sional,— and not more than five per cent of these men had any other
reason to offer for their part in the fray than that they had heard that
"the bird was no good." As a result of that "intelligent" slaughter over
six thousand scalps were counted; many more of course not even recorded.

In connection with field observations, it is very interesting and instruc-
tive to note how the regional climatic conditions of California modify the
habits of the birds, even to the extent of establishing local "dates" for
their breeding and nesting; so that the same species will present varying
nesting seasons according to the part of the State they actually occupy.
This condition is not generally recognized, more especially in connection
with legislation when prescribing closed and open seasons.

Legislators in framing game laws ought to consult scientific authori-
ties and experts who are familiar with the habits and necessities of the
animals under consideration. It is absolutely pathetic to notice at times
how "legislation is done" for the birds of the air and the beasts of the field;
total ignorance, heartless indifference, and party barter seem to be the
only factors which dominate. There is a moral responsibility and clearly
defined relationship in the welfare of the birds, and in return for giving a
good account of our stewardship we shall find "our birds" not the least in
the many factors which go to make the State of California a land of
richness, beauty, and abundance.

BIRDS OF THE CALIFORNIA DESERT

FRED W. KOCH

■ SHALL never forget my first night on the desert beside a smouldering
yucca fire, and the early morning awakening amidst these spiny desert
trees. All about me were the songs of the purple finch, the desert

sparrows, and the cactus wrens. But above all, in a class by itself,
were the clear notes of Le Conte's thrasher, more than rival of the mock-
ingbird, and a thousand times more to be appreciated in the desert waste.
I could not find the singer, but a year later, when on a trip through the
heart of the Colorado Desert, I came upon a veritable colony of these sweet
singers, and soon spied a mother-bird trying to lure me from her nest in
a palo verde tree.

Many of the desert birds are light gray in color, matching almost
completely the surrounding sand, and making it very difficult to distinguish
them. But here and there a flash of color discloses an oriole or a humming-
bird, whose brilliant plumage is only matched by the cactus bloom or the
swaying branches of the Mexican ocotea, the flaming candlebush of the
desert. Often these orioles of the deserts cross the mountains to the west,
and almost anywhere amidst the rows of fan-palms at Riverside one can
find the nests securely sewed to the under side of the broad fan leaves,
perfectly sheltered from both sun and rain.

Once in the Mojave Desert I was startled by a z-z-z-z-m, like the whir
of a rifle-bullet, which whizzed passed my face, and, like a flash, a black-
throated hummingbird curved, and, mounting again a hundred feet in the
air, fell toward me with a buzzing roar calculated to make one dodge.
Almost at my elbow I found the female on a downy little nest secure
amidst the thorns of a prickly cactus. Two days before this, I was standing
on a bare knoll, when away in the distance I heard the call of the poor-will,
a cousin to the nighthawk and whip-poor-will. I listened as the call was
repeated again and again, when suddenly, from within ten feet of me, the
mate left her eggs and flew away in the direction of the call. The eggs
were the exact color of the yellow clay on which they rested, without a
nest, unless a mere brushing of the gray dust and dried stems from the
spot constituted such. The mottled mother could not be distinguished
from a dried leaf, and so had escaped my attention.

Some years ago I ran across a number of Panamint Indian boys out
hunting with bows and arrows, and found that they had, together with
other birds, a duck which they had killed on an alkali lake just west of
Death Valley. This was the first duck I had ever seen in the desert, but
later was much surprised at what I found at Owen's Lake, that remnant of
the prehistoric inland sea which once covered a good part of Nevada and
some of eastern California. Here I found the shores of the lake literally
lined with dead ducks. I took pains to count some of them, and found
one hundred and two lying in a space two hundred yards in extent along
the shore. I could account for the strange occurrence in no other way than
that bands of ducks had journeyed over the deserts in their migrations, and
finally alighted on this great sheet of water thoroughly exhausted. The
tremendous percentage of soda and alkaline matter makes the water im-

F)ossible to most life; so these birds had been unable to find food after their
ong journey and had perished. Once I found a blue-winged teal swim-
ming in a crater-like warm spring in the Colorado Desert, and I have little
doubt that some species breed in the desert where here and there a springy
marsh is found.

BIRDS OF MY WINTER GARDEN

BERTHA CHAPMAN

COME with me into my garden this clear November day, that I may
show you some of the cheery bird visitors enjoying its food and
shelter. I would have you know that we too have birds other than
the English sparrow in our cities. Strolling quietly along the path
leading by the hedge, we shall surely see many of the gentle white-
crowned sparrows feeding on the fallen seeds. They are trim-bodied birds,
gray, with streaks of brown and black, and as we watch them bobbing
their heads we catch sight of the pure white crown that gives them their
name. A few brown buntings, or California towhees, are feeding with the
sparrows. Sometimes his shy cousin, the Oregon towhee, slips like a
shadow among the bushes in the lower garden. You can surely recognize
that cheering song of the modest brown-streaked song-sparrow, tilting on
the rose-spray above the hedge.

While we are listening to the sparrow's short but oft-repeated song,
a flock of social finches or wild canaries comes flitting over the hedge to
take possession of the drying stalks of cosmos left especially for this merry
band. A flash of white tail-feathers, and our eyes follow to the brush-pile
in the fence-corner and we know the juncos are here. On the corner of the
shed sits our melancholy black phoebe. We should miss his sad note were
he suddenly to leave us after all these years. From this same station he has
chased the gay-winged flies till he has become a part of our life. Suddenly,
with a long-sustained sweep of wing and loud squall, a bluejay swoops into
the tall eucalyptus tree behind the hedge. A flock of tiny gray bushtits has
been prying among the bushes by the gate, only visible on account of their
constant motion, and are now lost among the branches, uttering in unison
a shrill ear-confusing note. Look above to the telegraph-pole. The sharp
hooked bill, the queer bowing motion, the glint of barred gray and rusty
red tell the story, — it is the hawk! A host of angry English sparrows hurl
rude invective at this intruder in the manner of street gamins. Crowding
finally upon him to the last extreme, when with a quick cut of that marvel-
ous wing the villain is away to the wood.

The delicate blue-gray, black-streaked Audubon's warblers are the
first to return to their feeding among the masses of white waxy berries of
the dracaena. A solitary dwarf hermit-thrush slips into the path just ahead
of us. He is here all the winter, hiding in the cool damp shadows of the
bamboo. This gentle lover of silence comes to take the place of our rus-
set-backed thrush, who builds her nest and rears her young in our valleys,
so quietly that we do not know when the change is made, and we are
always blessed with a thrush. Once my garden received a visit from that
weird, shadowy bird, the varied thrush. A persistent high-pitched, husky
lisp from the trees calls our attention, for we know it is the wee ruby-
crowned kinglet.

For a few weeks in winter our hearts are made glad by the flash of
brilliant blue from our flocks of Western bluebirds on their way to warmer
lands. Another rare visitor is the cedar waxwing, coming for a brief visit
to our pepper-trees, eating the clusters of long-hanging red berries. The
voice of our meadow-lark floats'to us from across the brown fields, ringing
clear as the crisp air of this November morning. Our robin nests far from
our homes in the high altitudes of the Sierra, coming to us in the winter
months.

The low "chuck-chuck" of the quail comes from the barnyard where
they feed with the friendly fowls. The blackbirds come there too at times
to hold their noisy councils. Once I saw a great red-shafted flicker pausing
for a moment in the poplar-tree.

Here is the choicest gem of the garden, hovering in our very faces, as
if to chide us for leaving him till so near the end of our visit. Our Anna's

hummer is always with us, building in the vines beside our window, feeding
from the blossoms in our hands, a veritable treasure of the household. In
summer our joys are increased by the coming of a still smaller treasure,
Allen's hummer. I should not be just to you did I not hold you till the
golden dusk trembles with the strangely plaintive song of the golden-
crowned sparrow.

THE GREATEST BIRD ROOKERY IN

THE WEST

MILTON S. RAT

FEW people are aware perhaps that but thirty miles from that busy
metropolis, San Francisco, lies one of the greatest bird rookeries in
the world, that of the Farallon Islands. The sea-birds which make
these isles their summer home are the following: California murre,
western gull, Farallon cormorant, Brandt cormorant, Baird cormorant,
tufted puffin, Cassin auklet, pigeon guillemot. Leach petrel, and ashy petrel,
while the land-birds are limited to the rock-wren and house-finch. The
murre not only outnumbers all other species on the islands, but all of them
combined. The largest rookeries on the main island are in Great Murre
Cave and at Tower Point, on East End, on the rocky shelves and terraces
below l^ain Top Peak, and on the dizzy sides from sea to summit of the
Great Arch on West End. The birds also breed abundantly all along the
ridge and in numberless grottoes along the shore, while the surrounding
islets are covered with them in countless thousands.

Great Murre Cave, which runs in from the ocean on Shubrick Point,
with its vast bird population, is a wonder to behold. All ledges and projec-
tions, as well as the cave floor, were murre-covered, and on our approach
the great colony became a scene of animation, with a vast nodding of dusky
heads and a ringing concert of gurgling cries. The birds, at first in tens,
and then in twenties, flew out, or, by sprawling and flapping over the rocks
and into the foaming surf, gained the open sea. Some were terribly thrown
about in the breakers, but apparently received little injury. On our entrance
the main body took flight with a mighty roar of wings, and so close did
they fill the cave that it behooved us to get behind boulders for safety.
Many birds still remained in the cave, retreating deep into the branching
recesses, or sheeplike huddled into the corners, where they could be picked
up by the hand. The multitudes which took wing would wait, scattered
over the water about a quarter of a mile from shore, until the commotion
was over, and would then come trooping back to the cave.

The two species of petrel and the Cassin auklet, while very interesting
types of bird life, are more or less nocturnal in their habits, and one might
visit the islands and never become aware of their presence. For lack of
space, that curious bird, the puffin, and the pigeon guillemot also, must be
fiassed.

No visit to the islands would be complete, however, without seeing the
great cormorant colonies. The cormorant is that jet-colored bird with a
long neck which usually goes by the name of "coot." As stated, three
varieties, easily distinguished, breed on the islands. Brandt's cormorant,
the largest variety, is also the commonest. We gained our first view of the
rookery on West End when we crossed the ridge on the morning of May
30th. Right below us, with scarcely foot-space between the nests, was the
great city of cormorants. I counted one hundred and fifty-six nests, and
on June 3d they had increased to one hundred and eighty-seven, and they
were still building. The weeds that trail over the rocks form most of the
nest material, and these becoming more or less dry by the end of May are
easily detached by the birds.

7

SOME BIRDS THE STRANGER SEES

ELIZABETH GRINJVELIi

THOSE of us who have lived in this Paradise of the Pacific Slope
years enough to observe the annual appearance and disappearance,
the silence and the song of our birds, have learned when to expect
them, even to a day. For instance, the white-crowned sparrows,
return in flocks from their summer home in Alaska by the first of October,
shy at their coming, but fearless in a week. They surprise one always in
the thickest of the shrubbery by their long notes, two of them, whistled so
plaintively. One can but smife, though the notes are sad. Often we hear
a shorter, lower note after the longer ones. Sometimes the notes are
interrupted, as if the singer changed his mind. Once heard, the song of
the white-crown is never forgotten. White crown? No, the crown is not
solid white, but has three white stripes divided by two black stripes. The
impression as to general color of this beautiful bird is of gray and brown
mixed with white and black. The beak is yellow.

If a stranger to these parts be given to melancholy, let him rise before
sun-up and wander off to some blue-gum trees, where he may see and
hear things that will liven his spirits. If he be lucky enough to approach
two or three flickers at a morning game, he will be paid for a long walk,
though often these wonderful birds are seen near our houses, gesticulating,
bobbing, talking in strange tones, dodging and fencing and parrying with
one another in indescribable mannerisms. Often near the ground, — say
ten feet, — but oftener high above your head, a group of the flickers perform,
not on the boughs of the tree, but on the trunk itself, standing straight up
by means of their sharp toes assisted by the stiff tail-feathers. In this
fashion do they also sleep at night.

When they fly you will note the red flicker of the underwing and tail-
feathers, like shafts of flame, appearing and disappearing as the bird
darts here and there or off in a straight line and settles down. "Back
East" it was the yellow-shafted flicker, but here it is the red-shafted.
Always you will know it by the woodpecker habits, by the long, strong
beak, but more surely by the black crescent under the chin dividing the
pinkish brown throat from the polka-dotted breast. If you stand quite
still by the blue-gum trees, the flickers will think of breakfast and settle
down to gustatorial pleasures, probably at an ant-hill. If you count, you
will notice perhaps a hundred "bites at a cherry" before the bird takes
breath. Our walnut-growers assure me that now and then the flickers
help themselves to their best, cracking the soft-shells with perfect ease and
tossing the remnants over their shoulders at the astonished walnut-grower.

With the first cold snap that makes the visitor to our summer land
grumble, though there may not be frost enough to nip a heliotrope, the
mountain blue-birds and chickadees and kinglets come down and sing in
the shrubbery, hunting for scale or left-over apples and dried up grapes.
These chickadees and kinglets are especially fearless, paying no heed
though you stand a few feet from them. If you are up early and visit
the orange-groves (with, of course, the consent of the owner), you may
discover the varied thrush at work in the tree-mulch, scratching and feed-
ing upon the rich fat grubs that hibernate in the dead leaves.

While you are in the orange-grove you might look for the last year's
nest of the mocking-bird. It w\\\ probably be in plain sight on the outside
of the boughs, pretty well up. But that mocker bird ! Alas, he can never
be described ! One cannot be certain as to which most captivates the
attention of the average California tourist the orange-grove or the mocker
bird. The singer and his wife are so much alike one can never be certain
as to which he is gazing at until he opens his mouth to sing.

One cannot even mention all the birds that greet the stranger in
California. By sea and shore, by mountain and glen, in city and farm,
they are here before you.

BIRD BEAUTY AND PERFECTION

-WILLIAM E. RITTBR

HAVE you studied the "lines" of the white swan as he moves leisurely
about in still waters? Have you followed the black-footed alba-
tross as he swings up in the face of a gale at sea and plunges
down before it? Have you watched for an hour some big rock-pile
on the border of a mountain meadow the silent undulations of the violet-
green swallow? Have you heard the zip of the white-throated swift over
the tip-top crags of a mountain two miles high? Have you examined
close at hand the texture and color-pattern of the great northern loon's
neck-feathers? Have you seen the male wood-duck in the height of his
nuptial splendor? Have you heard 'the western meadowlark as the April
sun peeps over the eastern hills? Have you stopped to listen to the sad
cadence of the golden-crowned sparrow as it comes from a shrub tangle
dripping wet with a hugging fog? If you have done all these, do you believe
Nature can go much beyond what she has already accomplished for these
birds in the way of subtilty and balance in form, of graceful power in
motion, of brilliancy and delicacy in color, of joyousness and melancholy in
sound?

Beauty and perfection in animate nature were subjects of much dis-
cussion during the renaissance of biological science that took place in
the middle of the nineteenth century. The view that had prevailed in the
years immediately preceding was that they were placed in the world by a
beneficent Creator to gratify and ennoble men. Darwin's great work made
clear the insufficiency of this pleasant but selfish theory. It left no ground
for supposing that as to purpose beauty concerns any one but the beings
themselves which possess it. Darwin furthermore proposed the hypothesis
that beauty, like other qualities of organisms, is strictly a matter of busi-
ness; that it is a utility pure and simple, its usefulness consisting in the
help it gives toward victory in the struggle for life. This theory of Mr.
Darwin's overspread the whole face of living nature with somberness.
There can be no doubt about this. True, it afforded intelligent people a
satisfaction, in that it won another block of phenomena of nature from
the realm of miracle to that of rationality. But I believe every man of
science, not to speak of those outside its bounds, endowed with feeling
as well as intellect, has found at a level of his nature deeper than that of
pure intelligence some repellence at the heartlessness of the doctrine of
natural selection.

From now on we may, whether scientist or layman, wander through
the canons and over the ridges of our mountains and enjoy the grandeur
of the forest, the boom of the sooty grouse, the hammering of the cock-
of-the-woods, and the whistle of the solitaire, free from the depressing
background of belief that whatever of beauty our senses find has been paid
for in blood and death. We may admire the flash of the hummingbird's
gorget even as we do that of Sirius on a moonless night or of a diamond
at a lady's throat. We may then subject the one as we do the others to
severe scientific examination to learn the physics and the chemistry of
these glorious color displays; but we do not have to suppose a death-dealing
conflict to have been the cause of one any more than of the others.

As dwellers in a land among the most favored of the earth in the
variety and beauty of its animate nature, let us Californians one and all
live near to this nature, protecting it and using it always with love and
reason. As students of it, let us recognize that science cannot do her best
where a candid eager mind must ever pull along a reluctant heart.

A BIRD WITH A LANGUAGE

JOSEPH GRINNELIi
Professor of Biologry, Throop Polytechnic Institute

OF the many peculiarly Western species of birds, I can think of none
more attractive for study than the California bushtit (Psaltriparus
minimus), which ranges commonly throughout the whole length
of the State, west of the Sierras. This bird's nearest relative in
the East is the chickadee; but one would hardly guess this by either color-
ation, habits, or notes. As the second part of its scientific name implies,
the bushtit is an extremely small bird. Of the trifle more than four inches
of total length, fully half is appropriated by the tail. But this long tail is
not held vertically over the back, as with the wrens. In color the bushtit
is a very plain grayish brown all over, without any of the contrasted black
and white which renders the chickadee easy of recognition.

During three fourths of the year the California bushtits forage about
in flocks. These bands may consist of as many as thirty individuals,
but generally there are from fifteen to twenty. Although we call them
"flocks," they are not so in the sense that blackbirds or linnets form flocks;
for the bushtits never bunch together and mount high in air to take a
prolonged flight, but they form a loitering company, scattered among
several scrub-oaks or brush-clumps. There may be a general onward move-
ment; for if a person locates himself in the midst of the restless drove, in
a few minutes they will have almost all gone off in some particular direction.
At times, especially towards evening, the flocks become more restless
and move along from bush to bush, and tree to tree much more rapidly
than when feeding, the birds straggling hurriedly after each other in
Irregular succession. During these hurried cross-country excursions the
simple location-notes are pronounced louder, and are interlarded at frequent
intervals with a shrill quavering note. Should a bushtit lag so far behind
as to be out of hearing of his fellows, he may suddenly come to the reali-
zation of his loneliness; he at once becomes greatly perturbed, flitting to
the tallest available perch, and uttering the last-mentioned note re-enforced
into a regular cry for his companions. This is usually heard by the distant
band, and several similar answering cries inform the laggard of the direc-
tion the flock has taken.

A flock of bushtits will be foraging as usual, with the ordinary uncer-
tain medley of location-notes, when suddenly one or two birds utter
several of the sharp alarm-notes and then begin a shrill quavering piping.
This is taken up by the whole flock, until there is a continuous monotonous
chorus. At the same time every member of the scattered company strikes
a stationary attitude in just the position it was when the alarm was first
sounded, and this attitude is maintained until the danger is past. In nearly
every case the danger is in the shape of a hawk, more especially of the
smaller species such as the sharp-shinned or sparrow hawks. No matter
how close the hawk approaches, the shrill chorus continues, and even inten-
sifies, until the enemy has passed. The remarkable thing about this united
cry is that it is absolutely impossible to locate any single one of the birds
by it. The chorus forms an indefinably confusing, all-pervading sound,
which I know from personal experience to be most elusive. It may be
compared in this respect to the cicada. This confusion-chorus, as I think
it might be appropriately called, is a sure sign of the appearance of a small
hawk even a long way off. Often long before I could myself locate the
hawk, a neighboring band of bushtits would have set up their cry, thus
announcing its approach. It seems reasonable to infer that this monoto-
nous chorus of uncertain direction, at the same time that it sounds a
general alarm, serves to conceal the individual birds, all of which maintain
a statuesque, motionless attitude. Their colors also harmonize closely
with the shadows of the foliage. The whole evidently forms a composite
protective device, which must be, as a rule, effectual.

19

BIRDS OF THE MOUNTAINS

WILLIAM W. PRICB

THE mountain birds of California are in general entirely different from
the birds found in the valleys. Each mountain or mountain range
has different zones of bird life; that is, certain birds inhabit well-
defined areas of elevation, beyond which they do not pass. To
illustrate: the valley quail, the housefinch, and the California woodpecker
are found up into the foothills to about twenty-five hundred feet elevation.
Here they cease to be found, but their places are taken by the mountain
quail, purple finch, and the red-breasted sapsucker, which in turn reach an
elevation of about eight thousand feet. Here a new set comes in, the pine
grosbeak, the rosy finch, and the three-toed woodpecker, which are found
to timber-line, nine to twelve thousand feet.

This inhabiting of certain elevations is characteristic of almost every
species of bird found in mountain regions. One common exception is the
chipping-sparrow, a small, long-tailed, chestnut-crowned bird, which is
found from sea-level to timber-line.

The grouse is about the size of a large hen, and in different parts of the
country is called the dusky grouse, blue grouse, pheasant, spruce partridge,
and mountain-hen. The mountain quail is somewhat larger than the valley
quail, and has richer chocolate and olive markings. The plumes are long
and slender and extend backward over the shoulders, not curved forward,
as In the valley quail. The mountain quail is more retiring in its habits,
does not run so much, and has for a call-note a single short whistle.

Water-birds are not numerous about Lake Tahoe in the summer,
though many kinds stop for a few days in spring and fall, but we may see
the California gull, two kinds of tern (sometimes called "sea swallows"),
the little black tern, and the larger white bird, Forster's tern. Flocks of
white pelicans may sometimes pass over, and ducks — mallard, teal, and
perhaps some others — nest with the terns in the marshes at the southern
end of the lake. Blackbirds of two or three kinds, together with killdeer,
jacksnipe, and a few sandpipers are also found in these marshes.

The golden eagle is sometimes seen, and a pair have their nest on the
southern crags of Mt. Tallac. There are a few hawks and owls. Wood-
peckers are numerous, and two or three species may be seen in any day's
walk. The huge crow-like, pileated woodpecker, with his long scarlet
crest, the red-shafted flicker, the red-breasted sapsucker, Williamson's
sapsucker, the white-headed woodpecker, Cabanis's woodpecker, with
spotted wings and gray breast, and Lewis' woodpecker are in the list.

Next after the woodpeckers the sparrow family is the most important.
The little black-headed snowbird belongs here, the most common of the
birds. The thick-billed sparrow, a grayish bird with spotted breast and
very large bill, is found on all the brushy hillsides, and is noted for its mar-
velously rich song. Others of the family are the purple finch, the pine-
finch, small, short of wing and tail, and streaked, the green-tailed towhee,
with its cat-like call, and the white-crowned sparrow.

There are warblers, wrens, and vireos of a dozen or so species. There
are also that group of small insect-feeding, trunk-haunting birds, the
creepers, nuthatches, and chickadees. The water-ouzel, or dipper, will
be frequently seen in the mountain streams, often diving into the foaming
water in its search for insects.

Of the thrush family there are several species, the robin, bluebird, the
grayish solitaire, which looks very much like the mocking-bird of more
genial climes. One other bird you must surely hear, even if you do not see
it. It is the hermit-thrush, small, delicate, with spotted breast, a shy bird,
frequenter of the deepest willow and aspen thickets.

The western tanager is the most gaudy of our birds. Among the wind-
tossed pines high upon the ridges is found Clarke's crow.

u

PASADENA TOURISTS

WALTER P. TAYLOR

DARWIN, in the enthusiasm of his youth, used to wonder why every
man was not an ornithologist. Thoreau, when asked why he had
not accepted the offer of a friend to take him abroad, replied that
he had so much of interest to see and investigate at home that he
could not spare the time. Some birds remain with us all the year, taking
no part whatever in the migration movement. The mockingbird, the
Pasadena thrasher, the Anthony and spurred towhees, the Parkman and
Vigoro wrens, the black phcebe, the Western shrike, the Brewer blackbird,
the San Diegan song-sparrow, the linnet, the tule yellowthroat, the wrentit,.
the flicker, the sparrow-hawk and the Western and black-tailed gnatcatch-
ers belong to this class.

About September 23d the first intermediate sparrows of the season are
heard. Soon they arrive in large numbers and become the most numerous
bird in gardens and yards. Upon awakening in the morning, the first thing
one hears is the song of this pretty little white-crowned sparrow. A near
relative of the intermediate is the golden-crowned sparrow. He is a shyer
bird, and does not enjoy city life, reveling in the sandy washes which are
not in quite such close proximity to the haunts of man. As a rule, the
golden-crown is not seen until several weeks later than the intermediate,
so it is apparent that they do not travel in company.

Perching jauntily upon a hydrant or any convenient post, we often see
the black phoebe, a resident the year round. His cousin, the Say phcebe, a
very pretty gray-and-brown fellow, likes to go into higher altitudes to spend
the summer, and is only present with us during the fashionable tourist
season. The ruby-crowned kinglet is just as interesting as his name would
lead one to suppose. He is a little green bird with a brilliant ruby crown,
who arrives with the advent of autumn to spend the winter.

Second in point of numbers to the intermediate sparrow only, the Au-
dubon warbler makes his appearance with us about October 5th to 15th.
The plumage changes of this bird are marvelous. The females and imma-
ture males are so gray that one would hardly take them for Audubon
warblers. The males, in their adult breeding plumage, are clothed in
very handsome yellow, black, and white suits. It is hardly possible to leave
this discussion of winter birds without mention of the cedar waxwing, the
wanderer, one of the most delicately and artistically colored birds in North
America; the robin, which reminds one of the Eastern States; and the
varied thrush, whose size and coloring are sure to attract attention.

These birds remain with us until spring. At that time, drawn by the
irresistible migration instinct, they leave for other parts. Then a host of
bright summer birds, in brilliant nuptial plumage, come to take their
places. The happy little summer yellowbird, the thick-billed, black-headed
grosbeak, the iridescent Phainopepla niteno, the pretty pileated warbler,
the modest, russet-back thrush, the interesting Western wood-pewee, the
broad-billed, ash-throated flycatcher, and the rare Tolmie warbler are some
of the birds that make us glad at that time. The first yellow warblers, or
summer yellowbirds, are heard about the first of April. When we hear cer-
tain full, strong notes, we know that the black-headed grosbeak has come.
The phainopepla is without question one of the handsomest of summer
birds. If you see in the course of your wanderings a flash of color, the body
a brilliant yellow, the crown a shiny black, you may know it to be the
pileated warbler. The russet-backed thrush loves cool and shady places
in the canons near town. Occasionally one sees him in the city. The
Western wood-pewee. and the ash-throated flycatcher belong to the great
group, Tyrannidae.

la

THE GULLS OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY

CLARENCB E. EDWORDS

BIRD students who know all about the "Latin parts" of our avifauna
have distinctive names for species and families of the picturesque
flocks of sea-fowl which have attached themselves to the ferry-
boats on San Francisco Bay, but to the ordinary every-day passen-
ger they are all "gulls," and if there be any distinction it is solely one of
size or color. It must be confessed that a vast majority of people who know
and enjoy these birds have no desire to even know their scientific distinction,
and it is doubtful if they would obtain as much pleasure from their obser-
vations if they could tell the gull from the murre as they do now when
they devote their observation entirely to the birds themselves, and not to
their family characteristics.

If I were asked to mention the most striking feature of the bay gulls, I
would say without hesitancy that it was the individuality of the flocks
and their relation to the different boats. Each ferry-boat that crosses the
bay has its particular flock of gulls, and it is one of the peculiarities of
these gulls that the flocks never get mixed. I have watched them as two
boats met in mid-day, and while the flocks would Intermingle in passing,
they always separated and continued with the boat to which they seemed
to be attached. This attachment to different boats Is especially noticeable
at the piers about the time the boats of the various lines start out. I
have seen a large congregation of gulls sitting on the bulkheads just as
the boats of the two Oakland lines and the Marin County line were ready
to start. There would be a fraction of a minute between the movement
of these boats, and it was noticed that as each boat's whistle sounded a
different set of birds would stretch their necks, flutter their wings, and
prepare for flight. This attachment to special boats or to special lines is
so marked that the men employed on the various boats know their birds and
can tell when a stranger is in the flock.

There is a utilitarian side to these gulls of the bay. It is something
of a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous to speak of these flocks
circling above the water in snowy picturesque groups as scavengers; but
that is really their mission on the bay, and so well is this fact recognized
that the law, in all its majesty, has stepped in to protect the birds because
of their usefulness. Every particle that drops from ship, ferry, or small
boat on San Francisco Bay is made subject of investigation by the gulls,
and when the meal-hour comes on the ferries these adornments resolve
themselves into a committee of the whole, and the waters of the bay are
swept clean of every particle of rubbish that is eatable from a gull's stand-
point.

Every one wonders where the gulls sleep and when they go to rest. I
have seen them flitting by on shadowy wing as I crossed on the midnight
boat on moonlit nights, and there is never boat so early that it is not
accompanied by the birds. Their local roosting-places are the tops of the
piers and wharves, and their nesting-places out on the rockbound coast
and over at the Farallones; but they are birds of unsteady habits, for they
certainly do not go to bed at the time when all well-regulated birds are
supposed to go.

IS

THE AUDUBON SOCIETY OF
CALIFORNIA

W. SCOTT -WAY
State Secretary

WITH the beginning of tiie Audubon movement In this State, in
1904, the blue crane was the only non-game bird that had abso-
lute legal protection in California. Sea-gulls had been given
State protection within a certain distance of Santa Monica, and
there was a law protecting the meadowlark — a law with a string to It.
Any landowner or renter might shoot the meadowlark on his land if found
eating "fruit or crops." This proviso was inserted in the meadowlark pro-
tective act in the face of the fact that a meadowlark never eats fruit under
any condition, and is not only not injurious to the farmer's crops, but, on
the other hand, is one of the most beneficial birds to the grower of crops
In the whole catalogue. The reports of every ornithologist of note in the
United States will clinch this statement.

Every spring in the cities of the southern part of California, Indians
stood upon the street-corners selling our peerless mockingbirds at a dollar
each, and often to persons who had no more idea of the food-habits and
needs of this bird than the bird had of theirs. Dealers employed boys to
collect nestlings, paying usually about twenty-five cents each, and hun-
dreds of nests of songbirds were thus despoiled. One dealer in Pasadena is
known to have obtained more than fifty mockingbirds in this way in a
single season, and there were many others doing fully as well toward
exterminating our splendid songsters.

Turning to the game-bird list, we find in 1904, a horde of market-
hunters and "sports" ruthlessly killing the mourning-doves, and through
the greater part of their nesting season, a crime that was no less black be-
cause it was legal. There was then an open season of seven and a half
months for these birds, and "dove stew" was a common restaurant sign.
The birds were killed by the sackful over reservoirs or water-holes, or
"potted" from trees as they sat by their nest of helpless young. Fifty birds
a day to the man was the legal "limit," but the enterprising hunter could
easily stretch this in a lawful way by taking along a couple of boys to
"stand for" the extra hundred. These were "conditions" that confronted
the Audubon Society at the time of its organization at Pasadena less than
four years ago.

At this writing California has a fairly good law protecting all of the
non-game birds except a few species which are classed as harmful. The
trade in songbirds native to the State has been broken up, and but few
species native to the United States can now be found in bird stores.
Commercial egg-collecting is still secretly carried on, but the Audubon
Society has already secured evidence sufficient to soon bring this illegal
traffic to a sudden halt. The open season for hunting doves has been cut
to three months, the bag limit reduced to twenty-five and a non-sale clause
enacted. The crime of killing these birds in their nesting season is still
a legal crime, and the Society is pledged to oppose it just as long as the
act permitting it disgraces the Code of California.

During the past year the Audubon Society of California has printed
and distributed throughout the State more than twenty thousand pam-
phlets, warning cards, digests of the bird law, and educational leaflets. A
great deal of splendid work is being done in the public schools. The city
of Fresno alone has nearly one thousand junior members of the Audubon
Society in her schools, and these organizations of boys and girls, who
pledge themselves as bird protectors, are being reported from almost every
part of the State. It seems not unlikely that we shall have fifty thousand
of these young bird defenders in the public schools before the end of our
second year.

14

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CALIFORNIA BIRDS

The more important books, periodicals, and papers relating to Cali-
fornia birds are as follows:

Cooper, J. G. Geological Survey of California. Ornithology. Volume I.
Published by authority of the Legislature.

Belding, Lyman. Land Birds of the Pacific District. California Academy
of Sciences, San Francisco.

The Nidologist. Alameda, Cal.

Loomis, L. M. California Water Birds; Nos. 1-5, Proceedings California
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

Keeler, Charles A. Bird-Notes Afield. Elder & Shepard, San Francisco.

The Condor. (Vol. 1 published as Bulletin Cooper Orn. Club.) Vols. 1-4,
Santa Clara, Cal.; Vols. 5-7, Palo Alto, Cal.; Vols. 8 , Pasa-
dena, Cal.

Crinnell, Joseph. Check-List of California Birds, Pacific Coast Avifauna,

No. 3.
Bailey, Florence Merriam. Handbook of Birds of the Western United States.

Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. $3.50.
Wheelock, Irene Grosvenor. Birds of California. A. C. McClurg & Co.,

Chicago. $2.50.
Keeler, Charles A. Bird Notes Afield. Second edition. Paul Elder & Co.,

San Francisco and New York. $1.50.
Bailey, Florence Merriam. A-Birding on a Bronco. Houghton, Mifflin &

Co. $1.25.

Grinnell, Elizabeth and Joseph. Birds of Song and Story. A. W. Mumford,

Chicago. $1.00.
Stories of Our Western Birds. The Whitaker & Ray Company, San

Francisco. 50 cents.
Our Feathered Friends. D. C. Heath & Co., Boston. 50 cents.

"The four representative organizations of Commercial Travelers, —
namely. The Travelers' Protective Association, United Commercial Travel-
ers, Pacific Coast Commercial Travelers' Association, and the Pacific Coast
Travelers' Association, — will hold a Congress, to meet in this city December
26th, at the Golden Gate Commandery Hall on Sutter near Steiner Street,
for the purpose of unifying the interests of all commercial travelers and
commerce in general. All Commercial bodies whatsoever are invited to
send their delegates to this Congress and all Commercial Travelers are
notified to attend. The Congress will last from 9 until 6, with a luncheon
at noon and theater party in the evening at the Van Ness Theatre.
"Respectfully yours, PRESS COMMITTEE,

"H. S. Basford, Chairman,
"R. H. Davis,
"Fred Eggers,
"J. A. Enquist,
"H. L. Judell."

The January Number of...

FOR CALIFORNIA

will be devoted to THE GAME OF THE STATE.
The articles will be contributed by enthusiastic sports-
men who are intimate with their respective subjects.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA
PROMOTION COMMITTEE

SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles
Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from
the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down
to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in
half-tones; price, $1.00.

HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each).

Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul-
letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department
of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics.

Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor
of Botany, University of California.

Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on
dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small
Means.

Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors
should see and what it will cost.

Reasons for Investment in California: An Instructive summary of Cali-
fornia's resources, realized and potential.

SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA"

San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906.

Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March,
1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.)
Springs Number, April, 1907.
Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907.
Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907.
Garden Number, July, 1907.
Fisheries Number, August, 1907.
Rivers and Harbors Number, September, 1907.
Electrical Development Number, October, 1907.
Diversified Farming Number, November, 1907.

MAPS OF CALIFORNIA

Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10
cents); in redwood frame, $1.00.

Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled
by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.)

Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali-
fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.)

Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One
size. (Price 20 cents each.)

CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1907. Covering the State's History,
Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture,
Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com-
merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re-
sorts. (Price 10 cents.)

MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth
conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free).

COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet-
ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are
discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the
counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.)

VoI.V. Rio. 2.

JANUARY

1908

10 Cents. $1.00 A Year

GAME NUMBER

FOR CALIFORNIA

FRONTISPIECE: A CALIFORNIA ELK

EDITORIAL

THE CALIFORNIA QUAIL

T. W. HENRY

A HUNT IN MENDOCINO

H. W. SHUTLER

GAME OF CALIFORNIA

WALTER R. WELCH

QUAIL OF SAN DIEGO

A. D. JORDAN

GAME IN KERN COUNTY

E. A. PUESCHEL

DECADENCE OF THE JACK RABBFI

J. M. ALEXANDER

DESERT BIRDS

M. FRENCH CILMAN

GAME LAWS OF CALIFORNIA COUNTIES

PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS

lEE CALIFORMA PROMOHON COMMTTTEE

SAN FRANCISCO

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMriTEE

(THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION)

(ORGANIZED 1902)

"PROMOTION: The act of promoting; ad'vancement; encouragement." —
Centuiy Dicdonaiy.

The California Promotion Committee has for Its object the pro-
moting of California as a whole.

it has nothing to sell.

Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the
advancement of California as their object.

It gives reliable Information on every subject connected with the
Industries of California.

It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries
and invites desirable Immigration.

It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information
regarding labor conditions.

It presents the opportunities and needs in all fields of business
and professional activity.

The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes
no charge for any service rendered.

Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and ninety-five
commercial organizations of the State, with a membership
of over thirty thousand.

Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California,
where matters of State interest are discussed.

Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco
in California Building, Union Square.

Correspondence invited.

FOR CALIFORNIA

A MONTHLY PUBUCATIWI

FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE"

GAME NUMBER

•JANUARY, 190S

Vol V, No. 2

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMTmi

CALIFORNIA BlILDING, UNION SQUARE
SAN FRANCISCO

EDITORIAL

OF recent years the printer has been kept so busy telling the world
of the good things that grow on tree and stalk and plant in the
California valleys, that a certain other aspect of the State's re-
sources, appealing powerfully to men of every degree, has failed
of its just share of attention. While Ceres has been monopolizing the ear
of the publicity man, Nimrod has been content with the tall timber, whence
the crack of his rifle only infrequently reaches the ears of the plodders on
our city pavements. To the reader who has not himself fared through the
fields and forests of the Golden State, it must therefore be a matter of some
conjecture as to just the scope and character of California's game life, in
fur and fin and feather.

The primeval days of the grizzly bear have passed into history. Per-
haps in the utmost fastnesses of the least explored mountain districts a
few of his tribe still roam, but the modern hunter, sallying forth equipped
for even the heaviest game, no longer expects to meet him on the trail.
Also the reckless waste of those irresponsible days has more lately been
remedied by wisely framed laws, with the effect, as noted by one of our
contributors, of "putting the game-hog and the pot-hunter out of business."

As to the present situation, California is without doubt the richest
region in the United States, not alone in the variety, but the plenty, of its
game. And to such an extent is this true that any self-respecting sports-
man in these parts would blush to be found killing such naturally exempt
birds as the meadow lark and robin. These birds indeed, together with
several others which still pass under legal interpretation as "game birds"
in various Eastern states, are here given complete immunity by the game
laws of California, and efforts are being made to have the dove admitted
to this same privileged class. The same absolute protection is for the time
being extended to the gray squirrel, and within the limits afforded by the
State and National Park reservations game of every sort finds a permanent
guarantee against the punishments of the play to which it is no consenting
party. But elsewhere thousands of square miles of mountain eerie, sound-
less gulch, waste land, and tidal marsh contribute to make the State an
acknowledged sportsman's paradise.

Over the autumn marshes speed the countless thousands of ducks in
the utmost variance of their species, together with goose, and swan, and
loon, and that innumerable company the gunner knows as shore birds.
In the upland pipes the valley quail, perhaps of all the feathered host the
keenest antagonist of the true sportsman and the well-trained dog. So
well is this fine little bird holding his own against his adversaries, that the
farmers in some locations deem themselves persecuted by protective laws;
and the jest of the trail, that "a man may always kill a quail in self-defense"
may yet have to take a form of application for the relief of the granger
interests of the State.

Higher up the mountain slopes we have the mountain quail and his big
cousin, the mountain grouse, that commonly measures two feet in length.
And in the uplifted universe of the Sierras, as well as in the Coast Ranges,
there are several varieties of bear, wildcats, and bobcats without number,
and the mountain lion. Also a number of varieties of deer, in great abun-
dance. Even the lordly elk is to be found; to be admired and passed by,
however, since a well-considered game law protects him throughout the
year.

A point worthy of note is the uniform distribution of game over the
State. There is no county, and indeed no locality beyond the actual sub-
urbs of the larger cities, that is not generously peopled with its appropriate
wild things. The intimate adjustment of mountain wilderness to populous
valley brings some of the finest hunting in North America within two or
three hours' travel of the principal business centers of the State.

THE CALIFORNIA QUAIL

T. W. HENRY

THE ideal game bird of this State is found in the California valley
quail (Callipapla Calif ornica). Swift of flight, true to his instincts
and possessing traits adapted to the proclivities of the bird dog,
this quail affords the sportsman the keenest enjoyment.

Nimrods who have shot in various lands give testimony of his superiority
after a day's shoot among the California quail. Gregarious by nature, he
roams for most of the year in coveys of from a dozen to a hundred or more.
But when the nesting season comes every Jack finds his Jill and prepares
for family-raising. The nest is made in a hollow in the ground, in the grass
or weeds. Ten to twenty-four eggs are laid, and then the patient wait of
twenty-three days for incubation. Scarcely has the last nestling picked his
way to freedom ere all are out to follow the parent birds in the quest for
food. Even if the last to hatch are not all in readiness to leave the shell,
if legs are free, the little mite will venture forth with shell on his back.

The gallant male will occupy an eminence, where he stands as a look-
out while his family is foraging. At the approach of danger he sounds the
alarm, and if you approach in time you may see the tiny specks rush to
cover, and then — find him if you can, even though the ground be as bare
as a floor.

By the time the birds are grown the smaller coveys have united, and
the shooting season is at hand.

Thanks to the wise legislature, the closed season for the nesting period
is sufficiently long to enable the birds to become fully grown.

Two distinct varieties of California quail exist, — known locally as the
mountain quail and the valley quail. The names are somewhat misnomers,
so far as indicating the topography of the country which the two varieties
occupy. The mountain variety, however, is generally found in a mountain-
ous and wooded country, though not infrequently will he roam afield in
the lower stretches. The valley quail is found in both mountain and plain,
and seems to have little preference in his choice of location so far as topog-
raphy is concerned.

The mountain quail is somewhat larger than his cousin, is of more
beautiful plumage, the male and female being almost identical in appear-
ance, and differs to some extent in instinct. This variety cannot be classed
as a game bird of great importance. It is rapidly becoming scarce — in fact
now may be almost classed as a rara avis. It is therefore the purpose of
this article to deal with the more numerous and much more important
variety — the California valley quail.

The male bird of this variety is handsome in plumage. The topknot
of black projecting upward an inch or more, the head marked with jet
black and pure white, and the breast plumage a beautifully mottled bronze.
The female is rather plain in appearance compared with her mate. The size
of the birds is about the same as the Eastern bob-white, or perhaps a trifle
larger.

The California quail is indigenous to that stretch of country extending
from Oregon into Lower California. He is less numerous in the densely
wooded and more rainy northern section, is seldom found in the higher
altitudes of the Sierra Nevada Range, but seems to find as his ideal environ-
ment the drier and warmer sections of the plains and valleys of the south-
ern and central parts of California. Indeed he is not averse to the cactus-
covered semi-arid regions of Lower California, Old Mexico, and Arizona.
Hunting parties frequently go over the line into Lower California and find
excellent shooting where the cactus patches are so thick that the bird-dog
Is unable to work.

The great grain-fields, cattle ranges, or vineyards offer the best oppor-
'tunities for the thrift of the bird and his pursuit by the hunter. An abun-
dance of food, grassy stretches where he can find cover for protection, and
with water obtainable, make the California ranches admirably adapted for
this gamest of birds. The hunter, too, meets with less resistance from the
ever-present sign in many places: "No Hunting Allowed," etc.

The coveys are most likely to be found along the willow banks of a
creek, up the slope of a sparsely wooded hill, or in a canon, and usually not
far from a thicket where the birds can take refuge if hard pressed. The
hunter should be equipped with a twelve- or sixteen-bore double-barreled
shotgun of modified choke, shells loaded with eight to ten shot, a light
hunting coat, and good walking shoes. If he would enjoy the sport to its
fullest, a well-trained setter or pointer Is essential, for, besides being an
ideal bird for the marksman, he is as nearly perfection as possible for bring-
ing out the finer instincts of the bird-dog. When first alarmed, the covey
will take to wing without separating, and will fly to cover. The hunter-
should follow as rapidly as possible, for upon alighting the flock will con-
tinue on foot and will travel at a surprisingly rapid pace. Upon being forced
to wing a second time, the flock, now thoroughly frightened, separates and
will alight in a scattered condition. If the ingenuity or experience of the
hunter has forced the covey into dry grass or stubble, the finest sport will
follow. The trained hunting dog soon stiffens to point; the hunter ap-
proaches to within a few yards, or mayhap a few feet, and — Whir-r-r-r!
straight away goes the little target, swift, but presenting an opportunity
for a good, quick shot — a "dead bird," and the return of the happy retriever
with the fluttering feathers in his mouth. Another bird is soon up, and
another, till the hunter, flushed with the keenest excitement, stops to cool
his gun-barrels or quench his parched throat and that of his dog from a
handy canteen that should be a part of the equipment carried, especially
If on a bright autumn day.

The instinct of the bird is to make short flights and to hide close when
under cover. Frequently both hunter and dog will work past a bird within
a few feet. Ground worked a second time, when birds have set, will often
result in putting up as many birds as the first time worked over. Two, or
even more, hunters can work out a covey that has been set to a better
advantage often than can the single hunter.

While in the more thickly settled and richer agricultural districts of
California quail are now scarce, still out on the large ranges they are still
to be found in great numbers. Thanks, again, to the wise provision of the
State legislature, the game-hog and the market hunter are beings of the
past. A limit bag of twenty-five birds in one day to a hunter, and a non-
sale clause, have put both out of business.

The precious little bird has felt the opportunity given to battle against
extinction, and is now on the increase in many places. May he be given
every opportunity he deserves, — if need be, a five-year prohibitory act, —
for California would not be California without her oak-covered hills and
plains, and the plains and hills would be a solitude without their piping
quail.

A HUNT IN MENDOCINO

H. W. SHUTL.ER

I HAVE often read with interest of hunting and fishing trips in various
parts of California, and the resources of these places, but never from
Coveio, or better known as Round Valley. Very few persons outside of
those that live here know of the beauties and resources of this ideal spot,
embracing in the valley proper thirty-six thousand acres of fertile land, pro-
ducing without irrigation immense crops of wheat, barley, oats, corn, beans,
potatoes, melons, and vegetables, and hardy fruits of all kinds, with the
extension of the California and Northwestern Railroad, whose survey is only
fourteen miles from here, will bring an influx of people from all parts of
the State. The hunting and fishing is fine, as all kinds of game abound
in the valley and surrounding mountains. I have participated in many trips
with hunting parties. One in particular brings to my mind pleasant mem-
ories. Some years ago I happened to be a member of a hunting party that
left Coveio thoroughly equipped for large and small game. The party in-
cluded the well-known baseball man F. Carroll, a prince among men and
since deceased; F. Robertson, of San Rafael; D. Redmaine, a thorough
sportsman from Riverside; W. S. Osborne (better known as "Tulle Bill");
W. Swaringer, as packer; and Sam Lung, as cook. Of course, a supply
of snake medicine was included, as you can still find rattlers in the moun-
tains.

Our first evening out took us to what is known as Big Flat, on Hull's
Creek. We arrived there about five o'clock P. M., and whilst waiting for
the camp to be fixed and supper prepared we hunted and fished, the result
being a fine mess of trout, two gray squirrels, two grouse, and one wildcat.
Then what a supper we enjoyed! It makes me hungry to think of it. Of
course the cat was not included. After a quiet smoke and a few camp
stories, all retired to rest under the beautiful trees which there abound, only
to be occasionally disturbed by the jingle of the bells on our riding- and
pack-animals tethered in the luxuriant grass nearby. Bright and early the
following morning we were on the trail for Lightning Camp, so named from
the fact that two hundred and forty sheep had been killed there during a
severe thunder-storm. We unsaddled here for lunch, and as it was my first
trip over this ridge of mountains I was simply enthralled by the scene which
presented itself — its beauty and grandeur is more than I can describe.
Humboldt, Trinity, and Mendocino counties looked as though they lay at
your feet. On the south loomed San Hedrin, on the north and east the,
Jolobolahs with points of lesser dimensions, interspersed with canons; miles
of pine and fir, jagged rocks of all shapes; with the turbulent but picturesque
Eel rivers on the east and west, winding through the various turns of the
mountains, — it was a scene which a person so inclined could gaze upon for
hours, and meditate on the beauty and wonders of Nature. We then had to
cross a rugged ridge where in places a misstep meant a fall of hundreds of
feet. The trail being on the solid rock for a short distance, it had been hewn
out by the cattlemen who often pass there during the summer months. All
at once, as if by magic, a different scene presented itself. Instead of a
rocky trail we commenced a downward course toward the river, and soon
entered a beautiful grove of fir and pine, intermingled with various other
species of trees. Once in a while we could catch a glimpse of several
pretty lakes nestling below us. We finally arrived at our destinatfon — a
most beautiful green velvety spot, and not more than twenty yards distant a
magnificent spring, the water gushing out of the rocks in a stream large
enough to drive a good-sized mill, and icy cold. After pitching camp and
putting our horses in a nearby pasture, which is kept fenced and used by
cattlemen on their roundups, we enjoyed a hearty supper and retired to a
well-earned rest.

The following morning at day-break we busied ourselves preparing our
rifles for the elusive deer. After partaking of a cup of coffee (no breakfast
until we returned), we started in different directions from camp. I took a
northerly course, having noticed a rocky point the evening before which
looked like a good place to find a buck. I proceeded slowly, stopping occa-
sionally to take in the surroundings and listening for some sound or indica-
tion of deer. I saw a few coons and gray squirrels, but, being after larger
game, did not molest them. I had proceeded about half a mile when I
reached the edge of a small canon probably one hundred yards across. I
sat down, thinking I might hear or see a deer among the brush on the other
side. I had been there but a few minutes when a few small rocks, rolling
down, attracted my attention. The sun was now up, and on looking closely
I saw a fine spike buck, followed by a doe and fawn. They had evidently
winded me and had started along the side at a slow trot. I drew a bead on
the leader, but could not get a shot until it started to cross a small opening,
when I opened fire. At the first shot I felt sure I had camp meat, as the buck
jumped into the air and plunged forward out of sight in the thick brush.
I crossed over and found blood at every jump. I followed quickly, as a deer
when wounded will soon lie down unless followed by dogs. This proved
to be the case in this instance. I followed the tracks for about one hundred
yards, which took some time, the nature of the ground being very rough.
On rounding a sharp turn I caught sight of my game lying under a large
manzanita bush, raising and dropping its head. Not wishing to start it
running again, I gave it another shot in the back of the head which ended
its career. I found my first bullet had severed the windpipe and jugular
about the sticking-point, and it was slowly bleeding to death. About this
time I heard several shots from the other parties, which convinced me deer
were plentiful. I had the pleasure of taking the first meat to camp, but had
not arrived long before "Tulle Bill" reported having killed a large four
pointer, but had to come to camp and get a horse to bring It in, being too
large to carry. So we were well supplied with meat from the start. The
rest of the party this morning were not so fortunate, having missed several
good deer.

During our trip of nine days we bagged thirteen bucks, eight of which
were shot by that old sport, "Tulle Bill," who used only nine cartridges in
doing so. We also caught six hundred and fifty trout, ranging in length
from six to fifteen inches.

I could mention many amusing and exciting anecdotes of the trip, but
will defer for the present. We returned benefited In health and regretting
we could not remain from business longer.

THE GAME OF CALIFORNIA

WALTER R. WELCH
Fl>b and Game Warden of Santa Crux Connty

TRULY may it be said that "California is the sportsman's paradise"
since no other State can offer such varied inducements. From the
snow-crowned Sierras on the east, with their scenery baffling de-
scription, to the shores of the Pacific on the west, and from the
big lakes which lie on our northern boundary to the borders of Mexico on
the south, game birds and animals are to be found in great abundance,
while all over the State are to be seen and heard countless thousands of
feathered songsters, placed among us to cheer sad hearts with their glad
music. The pipe of the quail and the song of the robin and lark can be
heard from every quarter and at all seasons of the year.

The climatic conditions of California are such as to enable the sports-
man to be afield in pursuit of his favorite pastime on most every day in
the year, and the glow of his camp-fire may be seen twinkling through the
shades of the great forests at all seasons. At any time of the year the
sportsman may leave any of the large cities within the State and in a few
hours' ride be buried as deep in the wilderness with his gun and dog as he
would if he were in the wilds of Alaska, or find himself among the blooming
orange groves and singing mocking-birds, as suits his fancy and choice.

Within the past few years great interest has been manifested by the
people of California in protecting and perpetuating these great and valuable
natural resources. Hundreds of thousands of acres of land have been set
aside by the Government as "Forest Reserves" and "Came Refuges," and
wise and comprehensive laws have been passed by the State legislature for
their protection and preservation. Game wardens and forest rangers have
been placed afield to enforce these laws, and the sportsman's interests, as
well as those of the general public, are being fostered and preserved.

While California cannot boast of possessing such large game as the
moose and caribou, in some sections of the State are to be found elk, ante-
lope, and mountain sheep. In the counties of Modoc, Lassen, and Siskiyou,
and along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, are to
be found the mule-tail deer, and in every county of the State are to be
found the black-tail deer.

In the mountain districts of the State are to be found the plumed moun-
tain quail, grouse, and sage-hen. In all the valleys and foothills of the State
are to be found in great numbers that gamest of all California game birds,
the "California valley quail," whose speed and cunning will sharply test the
nerve and eye of the sportsmen and prove the good qualities of his dog.
These birds are found in large bevies in all the foothills, ravines, and valleys,
along the edges of the hay- and grain-fields, in the stock pastures, orchards,
and vineyards — in fact, most anywhere they find proper cover, water, and
feed, and are not too indiscriminately shot at or hunted.

Few birds more kindly respond to protection than do these valley quail of
ours. Unlike the "bob-white," they roost in trees, and are consequently bet-
ter protected from their natural enemies. When the warm sunshine of early
spring awakens life to renewed activities, and the buckeye and wild lilac are
bursting forth into bloom, then it is that the California valley quail turns his
fhoughts to love. Well he knows, as with pardonable pride he loudly pro-
claims that fact to all passersby, that he will not be molested during this
felicitous season. Standing erect, majestic, proud, haughty and defiant, he
calls from the top of some old stump or dead bush: "Here! Here! Here! We
camp here!" in a loud clear voice, and the country-folk all know that the
quail are nesting.

On the bevies being flushed and followed, they scatter, and lie well and
close, and afford great sport in shooting over a well-trained dog. They will
lie until almost stepped upon, and when they do flush will rise with a great
whirr of wings that will startle almost any one, and are off like a streak of
greased lightning, presenting a mark that will test the nerve and eye of the
best marksman. The sportsman who thinks he is "in it" with the best of
them at blue-rocks, jack-snipe, or bob-whites, will find that something is
wrong when he first goes up against the California valley quail and he will
burn some powder before he gets on to the knack of stopping the little blue
streaks. He will lose no opportunity to be afield fully determined to learn
how to drop some of these "little blue devils," and the better he becomes
acquainted with their gameness and cunning the better he likes his com-
pany, not caring so much for the great bag he may be able to take as for
the opportunity offered by this game little bird to test his every good quality
of marksmanship and to try out the metal of his dog.

On the great Klamath Lakes, in all the great valleys, all along the coast,
and on all the bays and rivers are to be found countless thousands of wild
ducks, geese, and cranes, English and other snipe, curlew, ibis, and plover,
as well as other shore birds in great numbers and variety. Many of these

birds breed in California and are afforded proper protection during the breed-
ing season. The wild pigeon, dove, tree squirrel, jackrabbit, cotton tail and
bush rabbit, and other small game in great numbers are to be found through-
out California. In the mountain districts are to be found the black and
brown bear, cinnamon and grizzly bear and panther, while the coyote, fox,
coon, and bobcat frequent many parts of the State. In some sections,
notably in the San Joaquin and Sacramento river basin, still remain a few
beaver, mink and otter. Throughout California every mountain, hill, valley,
and dell, river and rill presents to the sportsman and lover of nature an
invitation to pitch his tent and

"Away from the busy city, and the ceaseless clang of the street.
And the piles of brick and mortar, and the tramp of hurrying feet —
Away from the crash and clatter, and the worrying, wearying strife,
Come, ride with me o'er boundless plains, and thrill with the joy of life,
Where blue is the vault of heaven, and the Master that man adores
Is everywhere in Nature in His own great Out of Doors."

"The forests sing their welcome — they bid us a moment give.

To come and commune with Nature, and to learn what it is to live,

Where, watchful, the mighty mountains eternal vigil keep,

Or where swiftly swirling waters will lull our unrest to sleep,

Where by the evening campfire 'tis joy to forget old scores.

Remembering only that we are men in God's great Out of Doors."

THE QUAIL OF SAN DIEGO

A. D. JORDAN

THE general impression prevails that San Diego is a dry country, but
this is a mistake. Springs and rivulets abound everywhere, although
there are no large perennial rivers. The river beds, canons, hillsides
and valleys are well supplied with most excellent cover for quail.

In years past the pot-hunter killed and shipped to market thousands
upon thousands of quail, almost annihilating the valley quail throughout
the county.

Within the past five years the American sportsman's spirit has prevailed
and has assisted in the passage and execution of game protective laws that
have been enacted of late years, and while we have been handicapped with
the anti-game protective spirit of our board of supervisors, who as a body
are opposed to the protection of quail upon the ground that they destroy
the farmers' crops, and have made a sinecure of the office of game warden,
whose only duty is to draw his salary. The sportsmen have secured the
services, through the State Board of Fish Commissioners, of a competent
game warden, who, earnestly assisted by ardent and enthusiastic sports-
men, has caused the vigorous enforcement of all protective laws, and San
Diego County is now blessed with myriads of fat and healthy valley quail,
both in the valleys adjoining the city of San Diego and valley in the foot-
hills; higher up in the mountains they do not appear in large numbers.

Sportsmen from all over the world are enjoying the fruit of the efforts
of San Diego sportsmen. This morning, October 19, 1907, an Englishman,
after looking over the ground carefully, paid his twenty-five dollars for a
license and is now on his way to a nearby cover where he will have no
difficulty in securing the limit the law allows.

The habits of the quail here are possibly the same as elsewhere. While
the eggs are being hatched both male and female take part in the hatching
process, but when the eggs are hatched the little ones, to a great extent,
are compelled to look out for themselves, they follow the hen, the male
always does the looking-out act, warning of danger, while the hen looks

for food, and woe be to the weaklings who are unable to keep up with the
mother, who travels sometimes quite rapidly, paying no attention to her
weak progeny that falls by the wayside, the result being that none but the
healthy, robust bird ever reaches maturity, therefore there is no danger of
sportsmen killing a sick quail.

In the morning our quail take to the valleys to feed, but when disturbed
they fly to the hillsides and high brush, and until they are driven out they
are almost inaccessible, but when driven back to the lowlands and low cover
they will lay very readily, and the sportsman with a good dog and good gun
will soon find himself enjoying a paradise.

It is to be hoped that this noble little bird will never again be made a
subject of the pot-hunter traffic, and that the law against selling quail will
be made more strenuous year by year as public sentiment is brought to
realize the value of the bird as it really is, and to deprecate making it an
article of commerce, the more especially where, as in California, meat of
other kinds is abundant, cheap, and always accessible. We have here a
large, enthusiastic, and financially well equipped Fish and Came Protective
Association, through which we hope arid expect in the near future to add
to our game birds the Chinese pheasant, which bird, while prospering better,
probably, in a thickly wooded country, is, as I am advised, a success in
places where low cover is abundant, and this certainly is the case in San
Diego. Our mountain quail are not as abundant here as in some other
portions of the State, nor are pigeons plentiful, but of those matters, includ-
ing ducks and fish, more may be said at another time.

As to all other matters relating to the quail, every portion of the State
is more or less affected by the same adverse elements that affect us here —
the pot-hunter, the game-hog, the small boy, the bird-hawk, and coyote.

GAME IN KERN COUNTY

E. A. PTJESCHEL.
Secretary Kern County Fish and Game Protective Assot^atlon

DURING the months of July, August, and September I was camped on
Greenhorn Mountain, about sixty-five miles northwest of Bakers-
field, on Bull Run Creek. This stream is full of trout some fifteen
inches in length, and owing to its distance from Bakersfield, and
also to bad trails, is rarely visited by sportsmen. Bear and deer are very
plentiful in this locality, and if a hunter is anxious to kill a bear he will have
little difficulty. We killed several after having had them treed by dogs, and
we caught two in traps. Mountain lions are also plentiful in this mountain.
Small game, grouse, mountain quail, gray squirrels, and wild pigeons are
found in abundance. The forest service of the United States has at present
a force of men at work on a trail, which will be completed early next season.
This trail intersects the wagon road about fifteen miles from Kernville and
twelve miles from Glenville, and will make it possible for sportsmen to get
to the best fishing and hunting grounds in the State in three days from
Bakersfield.

There are other localities in this county where large and small game
can be found in abundance and can be reached by wagon road. The San
Emedio and Tejon mountains are accessible by wagon road and can be
reached in two days from Bakersfield. In the vicinity of the San Emedio
mountains, on the property of Miller & Lux, there is a band of about five
hundred elk, which is, I think, the largest band in the United States. They
are, however, protected by State laws and cannot be killed.

10

Buena Vista Lake, twenty miles south of Bakersfield, is covered with
thousands of water fowl of almost every variety, and thousands of ducks
and geese are killed annually in and around this lake. I was told that one
party killed seventy-two ducks in two shots this morning on land adjoining
this lake, where they were feeding in a corn field.

Within a few miles of Bakersfield during the open season it is easy to
bag the limit of valley quail or doves.

There are thousands of jack and cotton-tail rabbits in this vicinity
which are not protected by law and can be killed at any time.

Owing to the large area and in many parts sparsely settled, Kern County
is the best hunting ground in the State for all kinds of game.

DECADENCE OF THE JACK RABBIT

J. M. ALEXANDER

THE shadow of life has fallen upon Mr. Jack Rabbit of California.
With his long ears and big brown eyes he has become an outcast
in animal life. Like his companion of ears, Mr. Burro, he has gone
into decadence and is now reckoned only in the annals of the
years agone. The wood ticks have settled deeper into his ears and in his
age disease has touched him under the soft velvet of his skin. The sports-
man's dog that flushes the quick-winged quail now utters but a whine of
contempt if "Brer Rabbit" should cross his pathway.

The triumvirate of ears and fleas — the jackrabbit, the burro, and the
Indian, — relics of the golden days, are fast being gathered into garnered
sheaves of "has beens." The cry of the mountain and the meadow is for
their child of long ago, which with ears and eyes alert bounded from hum-
mock and hillock as a gray streak of light would flash in the frosted air.
Then, too, pierced to the heart by the speeding arrow, his soft fur would
become the portion of a warrior's robe, or hung at the entrance of the
tepee, to be touched aside only by the hand of the bronzed brave. To-day
the carrion crow or the mangy coyote tear and toss his gray fur into the
tangle of weeds and briars.

Away in the South he has been driven like sheep into great corrals,
clubbed, booted, and torn, he has died with a wild cry of pain. If to him
life was spared, boxed, caged and battered he was sent to fields afar, where
the sportsman's hound might be loosened from its leashes to give chase In
a plot from which escape is impossible, and there where sounds of bets and
jeers and jibes mingled with the wild shouts of a multitude, he is torn into
shreds to make a "Sunday holiday."

Away out in the fields in his native land his beaten pathway is beset
with traps fashioned by the barefooted farmer's boy. Between the pickets
of the old bramble-covered fence the wire noose hangs unseen to tighten
about his slender throat as he goes out in the moonlight in quest of the
dew-covered clover or the sprouting mallow. His own sharp, pearly teeth
have marked the pathway to his scaffold, for the inch between the pickets
has been gnawed into inches, making space for his lithe, sinuous body to
squeeze through. There the snare catches his throat and hangs him,
strangled in the moonlight.

On the desert the alkali dust from the great sand plain caravan fills his
eyes, and his throat grows parched for the watered grasses of the spring
side, now guarded by the miner's cabin. In the forest the sound of the*
woodsman's axe and the rushing skid of the logs holds him ever in tremb-
ling fear. On the meadow, where the grasses grew so green and tender,
now the rattling ring and the cogged wheels of the mower warn him to

11

move on, ever on, from the flowered fields he loved so well. From the
roadside comes the "honk" of civilization and he bends his ears close to his
gray fur and silently steals farther and farther out into the sheep-covered
range.

Poor Jack Rabbit, he of wild, trackless nobility, born with his coat of
fur and his eyes wide open, his kingdom a birthright; he a fleet-footed
messenger of the plains, the wood and the meadow, his long hind legs like
springs of steel bound with living sinews, would drive him in great bounds
in the race for life; his bed but a hollowed form under the spreading fern
or in the fallen leaves of the wild ivy was all his home. There the little
family of ears and eyes and legs came into being by threes and fours,
almost under every second moon. At the end of two or three weeks their
soft velvet feet were ready for the sod and the race of a rabbit's lifetime.
The open was his pride and the wooded field his playground.

To-day he is accursed and spoken of only in contempt by the returning
huntsman. The laws of the land forget him in their protection and he
wanders the fields to die at last an ignominious death. For the jackrabbit
and his progeny there is apparently no gilded future. The sunlight and the
moonlight make long shadows across his pathway. The craven coyote and
the cawing crow are companions at his death struggle without a touch of
pity, without a sigh of sorrow. Man steps across his pathway and crushes
the skeleton bones of the long-eared, brown-eyed beauty of the Golden West.

Oh sportsman, be kind to him, for he is still a part of nature! Forget
not the days when he lived in his pride, the days when your bullet flew
toward the long ears above the wild oats or mid the tangled grass. Let
him still be one of us, a part of us, and if he die, let it be by the touch of the
shot beyond the bay of the hounds.

DESERT BIRDS

M. FRENCH GIL.MAN

THESE few bird-notes refer to that portion of the Colorado Desert
extending from Banning to Yuma and lying between the desert
extension of the San Bernardino and the San Jacinto ranges of
mountains. Altitudes are from two hundred and sixty feet below
sea-level, at Salton, to eight thousand feet, on El Tore, a peak in the
Martinez Mountains. The Salton Sea furnishes pasture for many acquatic
birds, such as ducks, herons, divers, cormorants, and others.

The quail or partridge is the one that shines on the desert, and of the
three species found in the territory described, the desert quail, or Gambel
partridge, is most widely scattered and numerous. His sandy complexion
harmonizes with the gray vegetation. The red head, black breast-patch, and
lighter color readily distinguish this bird from his near relation, the Cali-
fornia quail, which is found at the west end of the desert and along the
foothills. The plumed partridge, or mountain quail, is found in the desert
mountains from 3,500 feet upward. The mourning-dove is found at all the
water-holes and occasionally the tiny Mexican ground-dove wanders across
the Colorado River or the Mexican line and visits California.

Among Raptores the condor is rarest, and is now seldom seen. The
turkey-buzzard is common. The golden eagle is sometimes found among
the desert peaks. Of hawks the red-tail is most numerous, and his big nest
can be seen placed on a ledge against a high cliff or crag. The marsh-
hawk, of course, is off his range; but if you plant a field to alfalfa he will
visit you to clean out the gophers. The Cooper hawk is thoroughly at home
wherever fryers are found. The friendly little sparrow-hawk comes near the

tz

desert ranch to watch for the grasshopper and the field-mouse. The
prairie falcon is a rare visitor. The great horned owl is the largest of his
tribe found in this locality. The long-eared owl, much smaller than the
foregoing bird, is not common, but has been seen. The little burrowing-
owl (or, more properly speaking, the ground owl) is always interesting.

The road-runner is as much at home among mesquites and palo verdes
as with the oaks and chaparral of other parts of California. Woodpeckers
are not numerous, and many of them have to resort to the telegraph-poles
for family trees. The Texan and the Saint Lucas woodpeckers are both at
home on the sandy wastes. The night-hawk is found all over the desert and
in the foothills the poor-will lives. Swallows and swifts are numerous
during migration, but do not linger. A few hummingbirds visit the flowers
of spring. The flycatcher family is not numerous here, though several nest
occasionally, kingbirds among them. Rarely the brilliant vermilion fly-
catcher ("fire-head" his Latin name signifies) wanders in from Mexico or
Arizona and excites interest and admiration. The ash-throated flycatcher
nests wherever he can find a deserted woodpecker's hole, and perhaps helps
in the process of evacuation, if not eviction outright.

Ravens are around the cliffs, and if you go into the mountains jays can
be seen. Pifion-birds wander from their mountain home down into the
junipers and nut-pines, and in local migrations sometimes visit even lower
altitudes. Blackbirds visit the cultivated fields and the barnyards, but are
not residents at all. A few sparrows and finches are found, the desert
sparrow and sage-sparrow most common, along with the housefinch or
linnet.

Among song-birds the mocker of course leads, and his song is as sweet
from a cholla cactus or a "smoke-tree" as from an orange-tree nearer civil-
ization. Leconte thrasher and Crissol thrasher are near relatives of the
California thrasher, and are both fine singers. The former is a gray or drab
color, with dark tail and frequents the cactus-fields and the dry, sandy
washes grown up to smoke-trees. Crissol thrasher is darker — much like
the California thrasher — and loves the dense mesquite thickets.

Wherever man settles and plants alfalfa there comes the meadowlark,
and while he sings less than elsewhere his notes are as sweet. The
Arizona hooded oriole and the Scott oriole are both found where the Wash-
ington fan-palm grows wild. Of wrens the most interesting is the cactus-
wren which builds the large retort-shaped nests in the cholla cactus. The
rock-wren makes his home among the rocks and the banks of dry sand
marshes. In the tops of the mesquite trees, eating the pink berries of the
mistletoe, is often seen an aristocratic-looking bird. His coat is shiny
black, he wears a tall crest, and shows a broad patch of snow white on
each wing as he flies. This is the phainopepla, whose name signifies
"shining robe," and is very appropriate.

Among small birds the "wild canary" Is most numerous, for the term,
like charity, covers a multitude of sins. Any small bird with a dash of
yellow to him is forthwith called a canary, whether he be a yellow warbler,
yellowthroat, three kinds of goldfinch, verdin, or one of several others.

In winter-time the robins come again, but not to nest. They put in their
time eating mistletoe-berries, and at the first hint of spring are off. The
same is true of the Arctic and the Western bluebird which spend a small
portion of their time here.

IS

GAME LAWS OF CALIFORNIA

Arranged by Charles A. Togelsang
Chief Deputy California Fish and Game Commission

Hunters' licenses are now required, and they are to be obtained from the
respective county clerks or the Fish Commission or their deputies. Licenses
cost for

Citizens of California $ 1 .00 per year

Non-resident citizens of the United States $10.00 per year
Non-citizens (aliens) $25.00 per year

OPEN SEASONS. — Ducks, October 1st to February 15th; doves, July
15th to October 15th; valley quail, ibis, curlew, plover, rabbits, rail and all
shore birds, October 15th to Feb. 15th; snipe (Wilson or English), October
15th to April 1st; trout. May 1st to November 15th; steelhead trout. May
1st to September 17th and October 23rd to January 1st; salmon, October
23rd to September 17; lobster and crawfish, September 15th to February
15th; black bass, June 1st to January 1st; crab, November 1st to September
1st; clam, September 1st to May 1st; deer, September 1st to October 1st;
tree squirrel, no open season.

WHAT IS ALWAYS UNLAWFUL

To buy, sell, offer for sale, barter or trade, at any time, any quail, dove,
pheasant, grouse, sage hen, snipe, ibis, plover, rail, or any deer meat or
deer skins.

To have in possession Doe or Fawn skins.

To take or kill, at any time. Does, Fawns, Elk, Antelope, or Mountain
Sheep.

To take or kill any Pheasant, Grouse, Sage Hen, Swan, or imported Quail.

To run deer with dogs at any time, except to follow a wounded deer in
open season.

To shoot half hour before sunrise, or half hour after sunset.

To trap or hold protected game or birds of any kind without having first
procured written authority from the Board of Fish Commissioners.

To take, possess, or destroy nests or eggs of any birds.

To ship game or fish in concealed packages, or without your name and
address.

To buy or sell Trout less than one pound in weight.

To take or have in possession at any time Golden Trout, Sacramento
Perch, Sturgeon, or female Crabs.

To take Red or Green Abalones less than 15 inches, or Black Abalones
less than 12 inches in circumference.

To take any Abalones with diving paraphernalia of any kind.

To take Trout, Black Bass or Steelhead, except with hook and line.

To take Salmon, Shad, or Striped Bass with a net less than 7 1-2-inch
mesh, or to use a set-net.

To fish with a boat and net without a License.

To fish for Salmon, Shad, or Striped Bass with nets Saturday and Sunday.

To take fish, in any manner, within 50 feet of a fishway.

To take, buy, sell or have in possessioin Striped Bass less than 3 pounds
in weight.

To take or kill Meadow Larks, Robins, or any other non-game birds, ex-
cept Bluejays, English Sparrows, Sharp-Shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk,
Duck Hawk, Great Horned Owl, or California Linnet.

To shoot on enclosed or cultivated land without permission.

To export dried Shrimp or Shrimp shells.

14

PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS

AS this magazine goes to press the first real storm of the season is on.
Duck hunters seem to agree that it will improve their pet sport
by driving the birds into the ponds and small inlets. Already many
of the duck hunters are reporting at their respective clubs with
limit bags.

The Suisun marshes from the bayshore far inland are reported full of
mallard and canvasback, and some widgeon are being seen on the marshes.
The sprig are coming down from the north in force, and good bags are
being made.

The rod and reel men hail the storm as a certain harbinger of good sport.
Small steelhead are already entering the tidal flows. After the storm the
large steelhead will be found in force in Paper Mill Creek and similar coast
streams. Great sport is looked for along near Duncan's Mills.

Duck hunters have been having good sport in the Yolo Basin and in the
tule lands at Clarksburg. Mallard and canvasback are being brought to
bag in quantity. Limit bags are being made in the vicinity of Dixon, also.

The delta lands that were flooded by the rise in the rivers last spring
are now affording prime sport to those who go after the ducks. Union
and Victoria islands, in particular, are giving great results. Joyce Island
is an area giving good returns this season.

Snipe are thronging the marshes of the Bay region, and hunters are
finding no difficulty in bringing in the limit of these toothsome little birds.

Tomales Bay sportsmen report the arrival there of black brant in good
quantity. This is one of the finest table birds of the goose family, and
the Point Reyes country should experience a busy season. The brant is
often a high flyer, and calls for a hard shooting gun.

Quail shooters are blessing the weather clerk for the rains, which have
the effect of driving the birds from the heavy undergrowth to the lighter
cover of the hillside. Now is the season of the keenest sport known to the
gunner, when a well trained dog can work to the best advantage.

Most of the coast counties are reporting excellent conditions in quail
shooting. Limit bags are being made all down the line. Enthusiastic
stories are coming in from Marin and Santa Cruz.

The storms have reached the southern part of the State and duck shoot-
ing is fine sport in the Los Angeles country. Playa del Rey reports quantities
of teal, canvasbacks and spoonbill over the marshes.

Good catches of yellowtail have been made throughout the season at
Monterey, with a fair supply of barracuda. Small boats are used.

The season for jack smelt is now on in Los Angeles waters, and the
usual variety of other fish are being caught in the shore waters, including
yellowtail, bonita, halibut, bass and pompano.

Time was when the inordinate slaughter of the mourning dove threat-
ened to exterminate this attractive tenant of our woods and fields. Now
however, with an open season limited to three months and a bag limit of
twenty-five, together with a non-sale clause, this bird has a good chance
of regaining its place among our sylvan beauties.

It is incumbent upon every real sportsman, not only to scrupulously
obey the game laws himself, but by precept and personal influence lend
his aid to their efficacy in the conduct of all who shoot or fish.

The February Number of . . .

FOR CALIFORNIA

will be devoted especially to the Interests of Tourists visiting

the State at all seasons of the year.

10

PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA
PROMOTION COMMITTEE

SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles
Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from
the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down
to the fire of April 18th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in
half-tones; price, $1.00.

HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each).

Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul-
letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department
of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics.

Street Trees in California. By Willis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor
of Botany, University of California.

Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on
dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Intensive Farming In California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small
Means.

Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors
should see and what it will cost.

Reasons for Investment in California: An instructive summary of Cali-
fornia's resources, realized and potential.

San Francisco, No. One.

SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA"

San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906.

Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March,
1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.)
Springs Number, April, 1907.
Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907.
Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907.
Garden Number, July, 1907.
Fisheries Number, August, 1907.
Rivers and Harbors Number, September, 1907.
Electrical Development Number, October, 1907.
Diversified Farming Number, November, 1907.
Bird Number, December, 1907.

MAPS OF CALIFORNIA

Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10
cents); in redwood frame, $1.00.

Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled
by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.)

Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali-
fornia, as compiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.)

Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One
size. (Price 20 cents each.)

CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1908. Covering the State's History,
Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture,
Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com-
merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re-
sorts. (Price 10 cents.)

MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth
conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free).

COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet-
ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are
discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the
counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.)

i«

VoLV. Nos. 3and4.

FEBRUARY - MARCH

1908

10 Cents. $1.00 A Year

TOURIST NUMBER

FOR CALIFORNIA

FRONTISPIECE: YOSEMITE IN WINTER

EDITORIAL

THE CHARM OF TAMALPAIS

MINERAL SPRINGS OF LAKE COUNTY

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN BUTTE COUNTY

ROUND ABOUT PASADENA

SANTA CRUZ

YOSEMITE IN WINTER

THE SEASONS AT RIVERSIDE

AN ALL -THE -YEAR -ROUND RESORT

MONTEREY AND ITS PENINSULA

THE CHARM OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY

THE ATTRACTIONS OF SAN DIEGO

PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS

CLARENCE E. EDWORDS

DUNCAN C. MeCALLUM

A. H. CHAMBERLAIN

SIDONA V. JOHNSON

L. E. DANLEY

II. M. MAY

FRANK WICGINS

LOUS LANGE

JOSEPH T. BROOKS

THE CAUFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITM

SAN FRANCISCO

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMriTEE

(THE STATE CENTRAL ORGANIZATION)

(ORGANIZED 1902}

"PROMOTION: The act Oj promoting; adijancement; encouragement.'' —
Century Dictionary.

The California Promotion Committee has for its object the pro-
moting of California as a whole.

It has nothing to sell.

Its energies are devoted to fostering all things that have the
advancement of California as their object.

It gives reliable information on every subject connected with the
Industries of California.

It gives encouragement to the establishment of new industries
and Invites desirable immigration.

It is not an Employment Agency, although it gives information
regarding labor conditions.

It presents the opportunities and needs In all fields of business
and professional activity.

The Committee is supported by popular subscription and makes
no charge for any service rendered.

Affiliated with the Committee are one hundred and ninety-five
commercial organizations of the State, with a membership
of over thirty thousand.

Meetings are held semi-annually in different parts of California,
where matters of State interest are discussed.

Headquarters of the Committee are maintained in San Francisco
in California Building, Union Square.

Correspondence invited.

FOR CALIFORNIA

A MONTHLY PUBUCAIKW

FOR THOSE WHO DESIRE THE BEST THERE IS IN LIFE"

TOURIST NUMBER

FEBRUARY— MARCH, 1908
Vol V, Nos. 3 and 4

THE CALIFORNIA PROMOTION COMMITnX

CAUFORNIA BUILDING, UIVION SQUARE
SAN FRANCISCO

**"iit»IH>Vt>«*.-*fc ■•

f.-^'i^^:S. id

•V V,/

YOSEMITE IN WINTER
Four thousand feet above the sea, while citrus fruits are ripening in the valley below.

EDITORIAL

IT has long been recognized that no world traveler has completed his
round unless he has visited California. There is good reason for this,
for California is a land that stands alone in the world for its many varied

and peculiar attractions to the leisure class. It is not a land that can
be seen and understood on a single visit, for it is so vast and its wondrous
attractions are so many that one must come again and again, always going
away with desire still unsatisfied, and with sights unseen and pleasures
untasted. It is this charm of the always new that implants the desire in
the minds of all who visit the State to return for further enjoyment.

All the world has heard of Yosemite, with its mighty rocks and mag-
nificent waterfalls, and when the tourist speaks of California there imme-
diately comes to mind this masterpiece of scenic beauty. But Yosemite
is but one of thousands of wonder spots in California. Kings River Canon
has its valleys and waterfalls almost equalling those of Yosemite. The
Pinnacles of Vancouver may be classed with Yosemite, even though they
be away from beaten paths of travel and are known to but the few. The
canon of the Sacramento River, with Shasta's beautiful and enchanting
falls, once seen is always remembered.

Standing guard over Golden Gate stands Tamalpais, that mountain
from whose top world travelers have gazed in awe and admiration on such
scene as is to be found nowhere else.

These be but a few of the thousands of bits of scenery that enchant
those who seek new sights and new emotions. With it all is a climate that
of itself were attraction enough for the ordinary traveler, for here is a land
where the climate is an available and tangible addition to the pleasure of
the temporary as well as permanent sojourner. It is a climate which at
all seasons of the year and in all parts of the State draws one to the Great
Outdoors. Be it in city, suburb, or wide play-ground of mountain, valley,
and seashore, one of the peculiarities is that there never seems winter
weather and never summer weather. Seasons come and go, but there is
no time when the earth is shut to its lovers. Be it spring, summer, autumn,
or winter, the outdoors is always inviting.

The camera devotee finds here grandest scenery, warmest colorature,
and softest lights and shades. The lover of pedestrianism finds roads and
trails leading over hills and through dales such as we see in our dreams,
and may wander ever to sequestered spots under great trees in forests
through whose mysterious aisles fancy may lead for days until one feels
cut off completely from the world and all its cares.

With twelve hundred miles of coast-line, California presents such vast
variety of beach and cove and wave-beaten cliff that one could spend
years along the shore without exhausting its charm. With water always
at a temperature that permits of bathing, one need never know the time
of the year, or care; the sea always invites, always refreshes and invigorates.

Europe boasts her medicinal springs, and thousands wend their pil-
grimage there annually in search of elusive health. In one county of
California there are more medicinal springs than in all of Europe, and in
the State may be found more than two hundred that are famed for their
curative qualities.

The sportsman finds game to his desire, while the lover of outdoor
sports may play golf, tennis, or polo at all times of the year. The traveler,
be he seeking health, diversion, or knowledge, can find all he seeks at
any time in California, for here there is such diversified charm from which
to choose that the State is always attractive to tourist, or health or pleasure-
seeker.

THE CHARM OF TAMALPAIS

clarbnce: e. edwords

RISING directly from the level of the Pacific, so high that it stands
as a landmark for the traveler coming from the interior as well as
for the mariner after his long voyage across the trackless ocean,
Tamalpais is the beloved mountain of all California, even though
it lacks in height the necessary number of feet to rank with mountains
proper. For scenic beauty, for grandeur, and for wildness, it is unsurpassed
by any mountain on the Coast.

Where else is there mountain that has such wonderful vista as that
which unfolds before and beneath it from the edge of the cliff overtopping
the entrance to San Francisco Bay? Where is there such other wonderful
panorama as that which spreads out from north to south along Califor-
nia's coast?

From far south, where the softened colors of the mountains of the
Sacred Cross form marvelous background for millions of blossoming trees
of Santa Clara Valley, to far north, where the glittering crown of Mount
Shasta pierces the sky at the upper end of Sacramento Valley, marking
the connecting link between the Sierra and Coast ranges, the eye ranges
over the most wonderful land in all the world. Far across to the east the
sharply outlined saw-edge of the tremendous mountain chain which rims
the State for eight hundred miles, stands a fitting frame for the gorgeous
picture.

And what a picture it is. Frowning Diablo, shadowing Eden, tries in
vain to shut out the view. Sonoma's hills sink away into slight undula-
tions. All inequalities of the land are softened. Before one's eyes lies
unrolled a topographical map of all that part of California lying between
the Sierra and the sea, from where Shasta keeps back the cold of the
north to where Tehachapi shuts off the southland. The great interior valley,
once the basin of a vast inland sea, lies level as a floor for its entire five
hundred miles of length and fifty of breadth, and the two mighty rivers,
now seeming but threads of silver as they sullenly roll to the ocean, give
added charm to the limning of the Master's hand.

Leading away to the north stretches the low-lying range of mountains
forming the coast barrier against inclement storm from the sea, dividing
and sub-dividing to form hundreds of beautiful valleys between, from the
vine-clad hills of Sonoma to where Napa gently slopes down from Mount
St. Helena, standing at the entrance of the country that is walled in.

All this is but the minor part of the picture, for this is but the outline —
the drawing — on which there is such massing of color, at once the delight
and despair of painters who have seen the glories of the world. At one's
feet lie the homes of busy thousands. City after city, town after town,
and farm after farm dot the landscape, and within view the location of one
half the population of the State of California is revealed.

To the south and right at the base of the mountain, stands one of the
magnificent redwood forests of California, within a stone's throw of the
great metropolis whose lights glitter across the bay as night falls. It is
the epitome of California, and from this mountain top may be seen every
industry that has m.ade the State famous. The eye ranges from snow-clad
peaks to orange groves with trees laden with living gold; mine and forest,
field and orchard and vineyard lie before you, and from hundreds of tall
chimneys rise the smoke from factory fires.

The tourist who has visited California without the trip to the top of
Mount Tamalpais has missed California's most wonderful view, and his
own greatest enjoyment.

MINERAL SPRINGS OF LAKE COUNTY

IT seems an anomoly, but it is a fact, that tiie medical men of Europe
are better acquainted with the wonderful curative properties of the
mineral springs of Lake County, California, than are many American

physicians living within a few hours' ride of it. Many of the residents
of the county speak with strong foreign accent, and if you question them,
you will discover that they are living here because they were sent here by
their physicians across the Atlantic, and who sent them here as a forlorn
hope. Strong men are here who tell you that they came as hopeless,
dying individuals.

In Lake County mineral springs send their healing waters from every
valley and every canon in such number as to exceed those of all Europe
combined, and of such medicinal property as to make this county one vast
sanatorium. Some day the railroad will come to this wonderful health
resort, and it will be at the doors of the metropolis of the Pacific, so close
that a few hours' ride will take the people to its very heart.

Lake County is now reached only by stage ride from Ukiah, or Hopland,
or Calistoga, for it is veritably a "walled-in county." Mountain chains
encircle it on all sides, but with each succeeding year the people are be-
coming more and more acquainted with what it holds, and greater becomes
the demand for easier and quicker access. Down its many canons rush
the waters from hundreds of springs, either of which would suffice to make
famous a locality easier to reach.

One often dreams of the spot where mountain comes down to the
water, where fruits of the tropics grow in sight of the snows of eternal
winter and where perfect scenery join with perfect climate to make an
ideal home place. In Lake County may be found the realization of such
dreams. Lying in the center of the county lies the wonderful Clear Lake,
eight miles across and thirty-five miles long, while from its very edge rise
mountains whose tops are covered with snow. Orange and lemon and fig
thrive on its shore and the balsamic odors of the pines are wafted down
from the surrounding hills, bringing a breath of health-giving ozone, from
the purest air the world knows.

Called rightfully the "Switzerland of America," owing to the beauty
of her scenery. Lake County has attracted attention of tourist and lover
of the beautiful in nature, and through these have her medicinal springs
become known. To enumerate the springs is impossible, for no one knows
of them all, and no one has analyzed them all.

The hot springs of Arkansas have become world-renowned, but in Lake
County are Witter Springs, said by scientists to exceed in curative powers
even those famous springs of the Eastern State. Others equally potent for
good are scattered over the county by the dozen, and when that day comes
when the puff of steam from locomotive, or the whirr of the electric-car,
shall be heard, there will also come a revelation of wonders that will make
the county add another jewel to California's crown, make still another
attraction for the thousands who yearly seek rest and recreation in travel.

The tourist who can spare the time to visit Lake County, and who
does not halt at a stage ride, should not miss a visit to this wonderful
corner of California. Do not be surprised on reaching there to find men
and women making their homes far from the haunts of men that they
once adorned, for there is a charm here that holds those who are world-
weary and want rest.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN BUTTE

COUNTY

DUNCAN C. McCALLUM
Secretary OrovUIe Chamber of Commerce

BUTTE COUNTY lies in the western portion of the Sacramento
Valley. The territory embraced within its boundaries is about one-
half valley land, the other half ascending the Sierra Nevada Moun-
tains to their summit. An eighty-mile ride northward from Sacra-
mento City, the State Capital, on one of the Northern Electric cars or on
the Southern Pacific steam-cars, lands you in Oroville, the county seat of
Butte, accessible over three lines of railroad — the Southern Pacific, North-
ern Electric, and the Western Pacific, now under construction. The Sac-
ramento River, forming the county's western boundary is navigable from
tidewater during all the year. Oroville is the present northern terminal of
the Southern Pacific lines on the eastern side of the valley, and is the
eastern terminal of the Northern Electric lines, which are rapidly connecting
all the principal towns of the northern part of California.

Oroville is on the dividing line between the Sierra Nevadas and the
Sacramento Valley, at a point where the roar of the picturesque Feather
River can be heard as it tumbles out of its mountain channel and is trans-
formed from a mad, dashing river into a peaceful stream that sluggishly
winds its way southward through the Sacramento Valley, contributing all
along its course water with which to irrigate the fertile valley lands.

For the first forty miles eastward into the mountains from Oroville
the new Western Pacific Railroad follows the course of the Feather. The
entire route over the mountains is a winding panorama of beautiful scenery
and is a virgin field for hunting and fishing. At almost every curve in the
road and river is a change of scenery, and nestled in the heavily timbered
mountain alcoves are shaded pools, well stocked with mountain trout.
Along the route are the Fall River Falls, 606 feet high, which, excepting
the Niagara, is the highest fall in the United States for an equal amount
of water. Very recently a traveler through these Butte County mountains,
amazed at the timber growth, dismounted from his horse and near the
roadside measured 40,000 feet of No. 1 timber on one square rod of land.

As for hunting, this is a veritable realization of a "Roosevelt" dream.
Bears — cinnamon, black, and brown, with an occasional grizzly — are to be
found. Deer are plentiful; there are a few mountain lions, innumerable
foxes, raccoons, civet cats, bob cats, coyotes, and gray squirrels, — also
skunks, if one cares to locate them. Mountain and valley quail are
abundant, and blue grouse are to be found at the 4000-foot elevation.

The mountain waters of the Feather and its tributaries furnish an
immense electric power to the extent that the combined electric power
now being developed in Butte County is exceeded only by that of the Niagara
Falls, giving the county an exceedingly cheap power. The county is
attractive to tourists for many other of its exclusive features, among which
is the only diamond mine to be found in America. It is known as the Oro-
ville Diamond Mine, situated about one and one-half miles from the city of
Oroville.

The Oroville gold-dredging field is the largest in America — possibly in
the world. In this section of California may be seen mining in all its
branches, from the very primitive methods of '49 to the most improved
methods of the present day.

Here may be seen the largest olive-pickling plant in the United States,
from which pickled olives and oil are exported to all parts of the civilized
world. The largest navel orange orchard in California under one fence
and ownership (160 acres) is located within one-half mile of the city of
Oroville. Orange-growing is becoming an important industry. Over five

hundred carloads are shipped out of the county annually to the eastern
markets.

This portion of the State enjoys the typical California climate; in the
valley the warm summers and mild winters; in the higher altitudes of the
mountains the winters are more pronounced, and during the summer
months the valley people there find pleasant camping-grounds with an
abundance of game and fish. Table Mountain is about two miles north
from Oroville. Its height is 1,400 feet. Standing upon It one has a mag-
nificent view of the entire Sacramento Valley, 130 miles to the south,
100 miles northward, and westward across its width, an average of about
fifty miles to the Coast Range Mountains.

ROUND ABOUT PASADENA

A. H. CHAMBBRLAIN
Acting Prenldent Throop Polytechnic Inatltnte

THE Eastern visitor to our Coast, who, leaving a region wrapped in
ice and snow, and finding himself at the end of his journey amid
palm trees and rose blossoms, with ripening fruit of a dozen varieties
ready at hand, with the tempting orange and its background of
green, naturally feels that California is the ideal spot in winter. But to
those who have passed a twelvemonth in this land of the sun-down sea
it is clear that the summer, when compared with the climates of the East,
is even more to be desired than the winter.

Pasadena, reached by the Santa Fe, Southern Pacific, and Salt Lake
railways, has also three direct trolley lines, requiring some thirty minutes
to Los Angeles. The Pasadena Board of Trade has the distinction of
leading in the good-roads movement in the South and the results are
highly satisfactory to all who enjoy driving or automobiling. A series of
boulevards is projected and most of the main country arteries of travel
are highly improved.

In and about Pasadena are many scenic attractions. In addition to
the beautiful natural live-oak parks, the orange and lemon groves, the
vineyards, and the city Itself, which is one vast lawn and flower garden,
there is the more majestic beauty of the mountains, towering as a back-
ground six miles distant. No mountain railroad in the world shows to the
traveler a more marvelous feat of engineering than does the incline and
electric road up Mt. Lowe. Winding in and out among the pines, it runs
along the edge of the canon a thousand feet in depth and conveys the
traveler to an elevation of six thousand feet, from which in ordinary weather
one may easily descry the ocean thirty-five miles away, or trace the water-
line at Catalina Island, an equal distance off shore.

Perhaps the most unique out-of-door pageant that may be witnessed
anywhere is the annual Tournament of Roses, given on New Year's Day
in Pasadena. Coaches, carriages, automobiles, gay outriders, floats, repre-
sentative of educational, commercial, and industrial enterprises, everybody
and everything embowered in an endless variety of flowers and greenery.
The revival of the old Roman chariot races adds zest to the occasion.

As a city of some thirty thousand people Pasadena boasts as fine
business blocks as many Eastern cities of much greater size. Manufactur-
ing and commercial enterprises center in the South. Millions of dollars
worth of fruit are yearly shipped from this section. The hotel facilities
are excelled nowhere in Europe or America. The parks reflect the natural
beauty surrounding them.

As a city of homes, Pasadena is ideal. The bungalow and mission
styles of buildings so well adapted to this climate had their origin here,
but whether the home of workingman, merchant, or millionaire, taste and
refinement are everywhere apparent. Coming as they do from all sections
of our country, and making for themselves homes in a town where for

years no saloon has existed, the moral and intellectual tone of the people
is of the highest.

Churches of every denomination flourish here, a public library of
unusual merit is universally patronized, a public school system with a corps
of teachers of the highest rank, such as to produce work of excellent
quality, is here maintained. Throop Polytechnic Institute, a school of both
secondary and college rank, is one of the best known institutions of its
kind in the country. It has had a marvelous growth in the last few years
and is rapidly developing into an engineering college ranking with the best
schools of the East. A new site of twenty acres has been purchased,
plans for a group of buildings are well under way, and construction will
soon begin.

The Solar Observatory of the Carnegie Institution, located on Mt.
Wilson, is known the world over among scientists. Owing to the clearness
and constancy of the atmosphere the opportunities for solar work are
here unequaled.

SANTA CRUZ

SIDONA V. JOHNSON

^ ^ ^^ANTA CRUZ by the Sea!" Just a few little words with which
^^^ to conjure! O'er the thirty thousand or more recreation
^^^ seekers who journey hither every summer they weave a dreamy
spell in which the eye and ear of the mind feast gratefully
from protecting, environing mountains to the alluring, opalescent Bay
of Monterey, with rythmical surf swinging gentle undulations upon sloping,
sandy beach, bold cliff and crag, or pounding 'gainst cave and rock and
beach — ominuous, suppressed thunder, whose sublime significance cannot
escape the apprehension of even the vision beholder. Here is the ever-
enthralling charm of mystery, the great interrogation point, the unanswer-
able teasing Why in a setting so picturesque, so richly endowed by nature
that the mind once fortunate enough to have been exposed to this com-
posite glamour of sea and mountain ever after prints readily a vivid repro-
duction of the indescribable picture. Here, 'neath sunny skies, in an
atmosphere glistening with exhilarating, briny, electric freshness, is to
be found everything to delight artist, poet, dreamer, health, rest and
pleasure-seeker, sportsman, philosopher, literator, and the feast is spread
for twelve months in the year.

"All things to all men" is this quaint yet modern, thriving, and alert
yet restful city by the unresting sea. And its diversified charm by no
means ends with the so-called summer season. As the prescribed "season"
draws to a close in September, and the thousands upon thousands of
summer guests "fold their tents like the Arabs, and as silently steal
away," we lucky ones privileged to remain all the year wonder that the
departing visitors do not leave even more reluctantly than they do, for
just as they are going the brisk, invigorating summer melts into an ideally
languorous autumn which does not bring with it even one touch of the
sadness so obstrusively present in other climes when all signs indicate that
summer is about at an end. By the sheltered shores of the Bay of Monterey,
though the calendar carries us forward over the autumn months to the
winter season, summer does not wave her farewells; on the contrary, with
bright smiling face she affirms her determined disposition to remain with us.
This is New Year's Day, 1908, and the writer has been in the garden
gathering roses, lilies, geraniums, daisies, gillyflowers, heliotrope, and
much other bloom and fragrance to replace similar decorations gathered
for Christmas. The sun is high in a June-blue sky, the twitter of birds
In the garden is the more musical because of a heavy, roaring accompani-
ment from the surf beating against the nearby shore with an impetus
born not of local conditions, but coming as an undulating message from
some tumultous otherwhere. On the sunny porch the thermometer regis-

ters seventy degrees, doors and windows are wide open, and there is no
fire in the house. Every window reached by the sunshine becomes a
radiator of the most agreeable kind of warmth. But as old Sol bids an
early, glowing goodnight we will close doors and windows and enjoy the
fire-light the more for its added charm of novelty, an answer, as it were, to
the ever-present human demand for change.

Christmas day was very much like to-day, a trifle warmer if at all
different. During Thanksgiving week the thermometer on the porch regis-
tered from seventy— five to eighty degrees every afternoon. By the middle
of February the spring plowing will be well under way, and the winter,
which never really came, will be gone. And then a little later come troops
of summer visitors, most of whom are wholly unaware of the fact that the
climatic and other charms to which in summer Santa Cruz bids them
succumb are offering all year round, varied only sufficiently to keep interest
and enjoyment keen.

YOSEMITE IN WINTER

li. E. DANLEY

THE completion of a rail route from Merced to the Yosemite National
Park line within the past yoar brings Yosemite into close communi-
cation by the best of transportation facilities. The new route to
Yosemite traverses the entire course of the picturesque Merced
River Canon from the foothills to the very portal of Yosemite. The river
has its source in the perpetual snows of the high Sierras, and by two great
leaps, one over the Nevada, and the other over Vernal, forms two of the
celebrated waterfalls of Yosemite and makes its descent to the floor of
the valley. Thence it passes between the rocky, mountainous walls of
the canon, taking on new life and vigor as it rushes onward over rocks
and rapids, enlarged from time to time by tributary streams. It is along
this wild, enchanting course that the tourist glides so smoothly and com-
fortably, the ever-present river always within a stone's throw of the car
window. It is an ideal trip, eighty miles of mountain scenery, a most
fascinating journey. Its beauties and delights are eclipsed only by the_ _
more sublime grandeurs of Yosemite itself. filBciufl LSbnuqr

The valley is thus made accessible the year round, winter and summer, '

and a new era of progress and popularity opens for Yosemite with its
delights and pleasures for the tourist doubled by extending his opportunity
to see it from one season to the next without interruption. The thousands
who view Yosemite in summer time with its verdure of tree and mountain
attest its grandeur. Writers have sought to describe it, poets endeavor
to reduce its sentiments to verse, artists study it in their ardent desire
to represent on canvas, but the half of its beauties have never been told.
It is indescribable. In its assemblage of sheer walls of great height, impos-
ing peaks, and the number of its stupendous waterfalls Yosemite is unique.
Each eminence and each waterfall the mind instinctively endows with
attributes of life and power. El Capitan, rising abruptly at the entrance
3,300 feet high, stands as the mighty guardian of the valley, while on the
opposite side the beautiful Bridal Veil is the first waterfall to entrance the
holder, 940 feet of water and mist with its rainbow effects, and thus is
formed the gates of Yosemite, and then the view unfolds itself in grand
succession, perfect in all parts. Cathedral Rock and Spires on the right
inspire awe and reverence. Eaejie Peak on the left looms up and spans
from the sordid earth to the vaulted sky. Sentinel Rock to the right forms
the watch-tower from which the alarm may be spread from peak to peak.
Again, to the left the world-famed Yosemite Falls attract the attention
by the roar and thunder of the river as it strikes the base sixteen hundred
feet below, and the report echoes back and forth like the boom, of distant

artillery. In front appears the Royal Arches, Washington Column, North
Dome and Half Dome, each name significantly describing its character-
istics, as you proceed along the level floor of the valley, which is watered
by the clear river and clothed with the trees of the forest. But it is too
much for the human mind and heart to comprehend in so short a space. It
requires time to understand and enjoy it. Its beauty and grandeur grow
upon you. Those who have seen it twenty times want to see it again, and
each time find new delights and inspiration.

There is another side, another view, of this superb panorama, and it
now awaits you. It is Yosemite in winter. Those who see it in its mantle
of snow and ice praise it for its enhanced beauty. The rocks and peaks
take on a fiercer aspect. The waterfalls plunging from their snow-covered
parapets assume a newer, brighter splendor, and the roar of their mighty
waters as they strike the icy depths below is almost the only sound that
breaks the stillness of the midwinter silence which hovers everywhere.
The trees of the forest are in a pensive mood, while the squirrel skips
about in search of the hidden nut, and the snow birds twitter from limb
to limb and bruin stalks unharming and unmolested. It is nature's vast
amphitheater, enclosed by towering walls, surmounted by lofty domes,
made musical by many waters, tinseled with snow and ice, surrounded
by winter but protected from it. It is the consummation of earthly beauty.

THE SEASONS AT RIVERSIDE

H. BI. MAY
Secretary Riverside Chamber of Commerce

THE hackneyed word "tourist" has no place in Riverside's vocabulary
unless tied by a hyphen to the pleasing title "guest." As a tourist-
guest in Riverside the easterner enjoys a happy lot. No pains have
been spared to make the "City Beautiful" a ceaseless delight to him.
Magnolia Avenue, famous through a quarter-century, with its double
roadway and its triple rows of wondrous shade trees, blue gums, peppers,
and the fragrant magnolias, which give to it its name, runs south and
west through a district rich in entertainment. The ostrich farm, Chemawa
Park, with polo grounds and populous zoo, Sherman Institute, with its
broad acres of lawn and its imposing mission-style school halls, shops,
and dormitories, where Uncle Sam's Indian sons and daughters are taught
the white man's crafts and sciences, all front upon the "Avenue," and a
visit to any of these will fill a half-day to overflowing.

Independent little Arlington, a well-appointed city in itself, though
wholly v/ithin the city limits of Riverside, forms the terminus of the
Magnolia Avenue trolley line. Stores, churches, schools of highest rank
proclaim the prosperity of its citizens. Seven miles further this avenue
stretches to Corona, the circle city, the center of a second orange district
of no mean rank.

Victoria Avenue, threading the thousand-acre groves of the Arlington
Heights section, parallels Magnolia one mile nearer the eastern hills. If
the visitor chooses to turn westward, the whole width of the Santa Ana
Valley is his to explore. Alfalfa-raising, truck-growing, and orange culture
are the chosen pursuits of the happy farmers through whose lands the
highways run. At the west edge of the city stands Mount Rubidoux,
winding about the sides of which the Huntington Park driveway climbs
by an easy gradient to the very crest, thirteen hundred feet above the sea
and a full five hundred feet above the valley which lies at the moun-
tain's base.

To the east of the city lie the foothill drives, to the north the main
roads to Colton and to Redlands, most alluring to the stranger who delights
to ride or drive.

10

No comfort is denied the tourist-guest in the hours which he spends
in the city itself. Hundreds of friends from other states find cozy lodgings
at all seasons in the private homes of Riverside, lodgings furnished, if
desired, with kitchen ware, so that small families of simple tastes may
play at keeping house, dining out occasionally, if fancy so directs. Room-
ing-houses and hotels offer neat and pleasant quarters to the short-time
visitor, while the matchless Hotel Glenwood, California's mission inn, wel-
comes both summer and winter guests to the happy family always gathered
beneath its hospitable roof.

The most sensitive of travelers never feels himself a means of livelihood
to the good people of Riverside, — a pleasing contrast to conditions in
many a so-called "tourist town." These happy folk already enjoy
unparalleled prosperity as growers of the orange, three million dollars being
distributed each season among the twenty-five hundred contented families
to whom Riverside is "home." Their visitors are but honored guests, and
every effort is made to please them.

Riverside's altitude and geographical setting make climatic conditions
ideal. The winter rainfall, while sufficient for the rancher's every need,
is never a barrier to the visitor's enjoyment. Showery days, alternating
with weeks of sunshine, duplicate the May weather of the prairie states
with mud — oh joy — omitted.

Even the summers, which tradition brands unbearable, are in no wise
trying to the man who has tasted the discomforts of a muggy August day
in the states lying east of the Rockies. Cooling breezes temper old Sol's
fiercest midday demonstrations, while the nights which follow are as
pleasant as one could wish.

AN ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND RESORT

FRANK WIGGINS
Manager Iros Angreles Chamber of Commerce

YOU might call the southern part of California "The Land of the
Tourident." Now, don't get peevish or excited; a diagram shall be
forthcoming at once. A Tourident is a tourist who becomes a resi-
dent, and the woods are full of them.

No, there's no patent, not even "applied for," on the word. Like as
not it will go to the junkheap along with President Roosevelt's reformed
spelling.

But let that pass. What I am getting at is, that where once the
majority of the tourists came merely to see, they now come to stay. This
is true not as to the southern part of the State alone, but as to all of
California. In evidence let me cite the 125,000 persons who came to
California this year on colonist (one-way) tickets. Some have returned,
to be sure, but that does not matter; most of these will come back.
They have been inoculated with the California microbe, and the germ is
working.

The peculiar attractions of the southern part of California are far
past the experimental stage, so to speak. Some years ago the tourist who
came here did n't know whether to stay, unless he was fully prepared to
take chances. He did n't know whether to raise oranges or not, and he
was not certain that irrigation was a dependable staff to lean upon. Los
Angeles was growing, and growing rapidly, but even its present status
was not then assured. We were not as well prepared to receive sightseers
as we should have been.

If these things were a little uncertain here at home they were much
more so in the East, where California was not so well known as it is now.
There were plenty of climate and scenery here then as now, but these were
not enough for the tourist, who wanted to stay. He could not live off

11

them, and If he remained he had to do something. This condition did not
apply, of course, to the leisure classes, but California is the land of the
worker as well as of the pleasure-seeker. This vexed problem is now in
a large measure solved. The future of Los Angeles is assured. We have
something to show besides scenery and climate.

It is scarcely necessary for me to explain at this late day that Los
Angeles is a summer no less than a winter resort, and that this applies to
the coast cities from Santa Barbara to San Diego. The status is firmly
established. I will not bore you with statistics; simply say that we have
pleasanter, more comfortable weather in summer than any other section
in the country, and without the humidity that is the summer curse of
less favored localities. We do not leave home to escape the heat; people
come here to avoid it. Los Angeles is the chosen summer resort of Nevada,
Arizona, and Mexico.

There are nearly a dozen well-equipped seaside resorts within an
hour's trolley ride from Los Angeles. There are equally as many foothill
and valley towns no further away from the city, each with its own peculiar
attractions, and possessing many charms for the tourist. It is not strange
that under such favorable conditions there should be more automobiles in
Los Angeles than in any other city in the country of equal size. There is
scarcely any comfort or pleasure sought by people with plenty of money
that cannot be obtained in Los Angeles. Hotels and theaters are on a par
with those in the largest cities.

No longer can it be said that the southern part of California lives by
climate and tourists alone. Even the envious have discarded that fling.
We are standing on our own bottom. A city like Los Angeles, that for
years has been growing at the rate of twenty thousand annually, must
have something for its people to do. Our commerce and manufactures
are increasing rapidly. Small farms and spreading trolley lines give us
a thickly populated suburban area with a self-supporting, profit-making
population. We have voted $23,000,000 for a permanent water supply
and the work is now in progress. We are selling the water bonds right
here in California. The great harbor of commerce and of refuq^e at San
Pedro, the port of Los Angeles, is more than two thirds completed, and
is already the haven for shipping.

MONTEREY AND ITS PENINSULA

liOUIS liAXGE

"Kennst du das Land?"— Goethe.

THERE are fair lands besides California, but none fairer. California
has many a mountain peak as high and noble as Mt. Blanc, many
a valley as romantic as those of the Alps, many a lake as beautiful
as Maggiore and as mystic as Titicaca, but she has only one
Monterey Peninsula. As unique and as incomparable as her only Yosemite,
a thing of beauty and a joy forever, the Peninsula of Monterey reaches
out into the Pacific. Nowhere does the immensity of the ocean impress
you as from the wondrous shores of this peninsula. Nowhere do you
behold scenery more rapturous than from her heights. The Bay of Mon-
terey! Where will you find her rival? And no fjord of Norway could be
more picturesque than Carmel Bay, on the south side of this peninsula.
Skirting this wonderful peninsula is the famous "Seventeen-mile
Drive," possible only on a peninsula like this. The Yosemite has its
groves of giant sequoias, but the peninsula has its cypress grove, the only
one of its kind, hoary with age, awe-inspiring, where linger the rays of
the setting sun. Such may have been the sacred grove at Cumae, where
Aeneas met the sibyl. Scylla and Charybdis are close by, too, where an

angry whirlpool never ceases its dull and sullen undertone. Neither must
we forget the famous Monterey pine (pinus insignis), of which there is
a large forest, the "Point of Pines" taking its name from it. Here stands
the lighthouse, guiding the seafarer by night and marking the entrance
to one of the safest and finest harbors on the Pacific.

On this peninsula we find the city of Monterey. Here is history, here
is romance. A capital city on the western horizon of the empire of
Charles V, a capital city under the scepter of the romantic Iturbide, the
capital of the young State of California. This, in brief, is historic Monterey.
After many ups and downs her destiny now lies clearly before her. Her
magnificent location and superb harbor will make her both the Naples
and the Baltimore of the Pacific. The start has been made. She is a
busy seaport. The Del Monte, the splendor of which is known the world
over, is within the city limits of Monterey. Villas and mansions adorn her
shores and hillsides. Here is the Presidio of Monterey, one of the finest
military posts in the United States, a military park in the true sense of
the word. Think of listening here to a fine open-air concert in midwinter
under a serene sky, a radiant sun, and the glory of flowers and verdure
about you ! On this peninsula is situated beautiful Pacific Grove, the
Chautauqua of the Pacific, the ideal family resort. On this peninsula is
exquisite, charming Carmel-by-the-Sea, the poet's corner, a lovely little
city. On this peninsula is the most interesting of the California missions.
Not a dull moment here for the tourist; everything intensely interesting.
And the climate? The sun of Tahiti could not be more genial than the
winter sun of Monterey, nor its sky bluer. The winter climate of the
peninsula is simply perfection. And the summer? Ask the thousands that
come here in summer. To find another such summer climate one would
have to go to the "land of the midnight sun." Is it to be wondered at that
the muses have chosen this enchanting peninsula as their abode? Much
of the poetry appearing in our great magazines to-day has been written
and inspired here. Paintings painted here and depicting the scenic beauty
of this peninsula are found in the art collections of eastern cities and of
the old world.

Tourists tarry in the dreamland south of Tehachapi. See, by all means,
the imperial city at the Golden Gate, Greater San Francisco, the city of
magnificent sights, the most pituresque, the most scenic city on the
American continent, but — but do not miss the Peninsula of Monterey, the
only, the incomparable Peninsula of Monterey.

THE CHARM OF THE SANTA CLARA

VALLEY

JOSEPH T. BROOKS
Secretary Snn Joae Chamber of Conunerce

THE tourist attractions of California, and particularly of the famous
Santa Clara Valley and San Jose, which is located in the heart
of the valley, are many, but I think one of the greatest attractions
is to look out over this beautiful valley and on either side see the
mountains rise to four thousand feet and over, and in the middle of
December or January note the contrast of the green foliage and palm
trees as compared with snow and ice in other climates.

The natural attractions of this section lead one on a trip of twenty-six
miles over a well-graded roadway to the Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton
at an elevation of 4,209 feet. This is a world attraction and here is located
the famous large telescope with a thirty-six-inch lens. Because of the
climatic condition and the atmospheric condition this observatory is noted
for its many discoveries, whether it be summer or winter.

IS

A stage line starts from San Jose in the morning at 7:30 and arrives
in return at 6:30 p. m. The trip is one never to be forgotten, for from
the different altitudes which rise higher and higher one may look out over
this entire valley and see San Francisco and the bay in the distance.

Another delightful drive is a twenty-seven-mile drive. Take the electric
interurban car from San Jose to Los Gatos, arrange there with the livery-
may for a team and start out over the summit road, returning via Saratoga.
On the summit road at an elevation of three thousand feet is located Castle
Rock, nature's freak, for in this rock are numerous chambers. The rock
rises about one hundred feet above the surface and is of sandy formation.
The wind and rain for countless ages have gradually cut out the softer por-
tions of the rock and left caverns sufficiently large to accommodate about
fifty people, perhaps seventy-five. From this point one may look out in all
directions and within the circle of the horizon see nine separate counties.
To the west Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean are visible; to the north
Marin County and San Francisco Bay, and to the east the Mt. Diablo range
of mountains. Plainly in sight are the following counties: Monterey, Santa
Cruz, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Marin, Alameda, Stanislaus,
and San Benito. Here the foliage is green throughout the year, and through
the forests trickle never-failing mountain streams. From this point a small
spring will start on its way to Monterey Bay, immediately at your foot on
the one side, and on the other side another spring of water will start upon
its course to San Francisco Bay. This is the grandest sight imaginable,
and while I appreciate the Yosemite Valley and its grandeur, I believe that
the inspiring sight from the summit of the Santa Cruz range is equal and
easier of access.

There are numerous electric urban and interurban trips to all parts of
the valley and connecting most all of the cities, but two of the most
attractive are to Alum Rock Park, a city reservation of about one thousand
acres, where sixteen mineral springs flow, free to the public. This park is
located about six miles east of San Jose in a canon, and is the city play-
ground. The other trip on the interurban electric line to Congress Springs
leads one through the famous Santa Clara Valley prune orchards, where
millions of trees in early March send forth their blossoms with an array
of beauty appreciated only by the sight. Blossom time is usually held
about the 15th of March at Saratoga, in the foothills, eight miles west of
San Jose, and this is on the interurban railroad en route to Congress
Springs. At Congress Springs one may walk for a mile through deeply
wooded canons over Lover's Lane, and by the side of a mountain stream
trickling down from the soda springs. The water is free to any who wish
to visit that park, and is one of the notable attractions of Santa Clara
County.

The seed farms of Santa Clara Valley, where seven thousand acres
are devoted to the raising of all classes of seeds for commercial purposes,
is one of the wonders of California. One may look for miles across a level
stretch of country over an onion field until one's vision fails to penetrate
the distance.

The city parks of San Jose, notably the St. James Park, are among
the most beautiful in the State. In St. James Park there is a greater
variety of trees growing in the open in this square than in any other park
in the world. The citizens took pride in planting almost every variety of
tree, and the Eastern people here find their native trees growing luxuriantly
and in the midst of this park is located the McKinley monument, placed
upon the very spot where President McKinley delivered his address to the
people of San Jose within a short time of his death.

14

ATTRACTIONS OF SAN DIEGO

CURVING along the eastern shore of Point Loma, then trending to
the south for a distance of some ten miles, separated from the
ocean for the greater part of the distance by a strip of land running
from the main land to Hotel del Coronado and the head of the
peninsula just beyond, is the beautiful Bay of San Diego, entrance to a
county which offers attractions far beyond the ordinary to the tourist and
traveler, be they seeking rest, pleasure, or health. Being free from high
winds and fully protected from the north by the long headland of Point
Loma, this broad sheet of smooth water is the ideal place for yachting,
boating, fishing, anc swimming. Many yachting and boating clubs have
their location here, and it is no unusual sight, either in winter or summer,
to see the bay dotted with row and sail boats manned by young ladies
dressed in smart uniforms.

San Diego's history is romantic in the extreme, and on every hand
in the vicinty of the splendid city one sees relics of those old days when
the padres of Spain were trying to place the banner of civilization on
these shores. In the exhibit rooms of the chamber of commerce one
may see an ancient cannon, cast in Manila in 1783, and sent from there
to form part of the defense of the old pueblo of San Diego. That pueblo
is known now as Old Town, and here the lover of the romantic may find
many things that will bring to mind those early days. The old mission,
with its tottering walls, will be shown you by willing Indian children, pupils
of the school maintained by the Sisters of St. Joseph. The old mission
bells still ring from the roof of the little church in which Ramona is said
to have been married, and three miles up the valley is the mission, the first
one founded by Father Junipero Serra in California.

All these add their charm to the land where climate makes it seem
everlasting summer time without any of the depressing heat that marks
the summers of the East. Many are the places of interest in the county.
Eight miles from San Diego are Pacific Beach and the famous rocks of
La Jolla, the jewel of the Pacific Coast, a seaside resort whose storm-worn
cliffs, honeycombed with caves, well repays a visit. Other places are here:
Del Mar, the home of the tree poppy and many other rare and beautiful
flowers; Encinitas, with its wonderful cactus garden; Carlsbad, well known
for its mineral water; Oceanside, one of the most delightful beach resorts
in California; Pala, made famous by the discovery of the new gem, kunzite;
dozens of beach and mountain resorts. All these combine to make this
county one of constant interest to the visitor.

Just across the bay from San Diego is one of the greatest summer
and winter resorts of America — Hotel del Coronado — crowning Coronado
Beach. The peninsula of Coronado is peculiarly adapted to the purposes
of a great pleasure resort, and it has been well said that it is worth journey-
ing across the continent to enjoy one moonlight night at Coronado. Seated
on the south veranda of the hotel you can see at your feet the smooth
surface of San Diego Bay, while at your back you hear the sullen roar of
the ocean's surf. A stone's throw distant the rollers of the Pacific come
rushing in, upward curls the water, and as the waves break each drop
catches a moonbeam and hurls it landward, a constant shower of stars.

It is impossible to enumerate all of the attractions of San Diego, or to
adequately set them forth so that the tourist may understand what waits
here for him. It is a county holding the romantic, the mystic, and yet at
the same time the best that is practical for the resident or the temporary
sojourner. One must visit here to understand something of the charm
which draws people back year after year to this favored land.

16

PROMOTION PARAGRAPHS

California has more than two hundred nnedicinal springs that have
established records for curative powers.

Twelve hundred miles of coast line gives California unparalleled advan-
tages for scenic beauty and bathing beaches.

One of the greatest scenic wonders of the country is to be found in
San Benito County. Vancouver's Pinnacles are said by world travelers to
exceed the famed Garden of the Gods, of Colorado.

California's climate makes the State the ideal at all times of the year
for the traveler, whether the excursion be for pleasure, information, or
for health.

There is no part of California that is not interesting to the tourist.
Magnificent scenery is to be found in all parts of the State, and the
weather is such that one may enjoy the open air at all seasons of the year.

The only diamond mine in the United States is to be found in Butte
County.

One of the most attractive parts of California is comparatively unknown
and is known as "No Man's Land." It lies to the east of the Mount
Hamilton range, and is within fifty miles of San Francisco. It is a wild
territory, where big game of all kinds is to be found.

From the top of Mount Tamalpais a grander view can be obtained
than is to be found anywhere else in the world. One can see the entire
Sacramento Valley from Mount Shasta, along the snowy range, and far
down into the San Joaquin Valley, with both of these great rivers in plain
view, while at the foot of the mountain lies San Francisco Bay and its
surrounding cities.

One may leave Pasadena in the morning, eat luncheon in the snow of
the mountain and return and bathe in the ocean in the afternoon, passing
through orange and lemon groves and constant flower land, on any day in
the year.

New tourist hotels equaling any in the State are approaching comple-
tion in Oakland and Berkeley.

Stockton and Sacramento realize the necessity of supplying the best
of hotel accommodations, and both cities are erecting large hotels for the
tourist trade.

With the opening of the Yosemite Valley Railroad that famous scenic
resort may now be visited all the year round.

Alabaster Cave, in Placer County, is to be opened and made fit for
visitors. It is considered one of the most remarkable caves in the world.

The discovery of an immense cave in the mountains south of the
Yosemite Valley will give an impetus to tourist travel in that direction as
soon as the property can be placed in condition for easy inspection.

The lover of hunting and fishing will find both at their best by a trip
to Humboldt County, which offers much to the tourist.

The next number of

FOR CALIFORNIA

will be devoted to the
UNIQUE PRODUCTIONS OF CALIFORNIA

16

PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA
PROMOTION COMMITTEE

SAN FRANCISCO AND THEREABOUT (new edition). By Charles
Keeler. A complete and beautiful history of San Francisco from
the time of the discovery of San Francisco Bay by the Padres, down
to the fire of April 1 8th. Extra fine edition, profusely illustrated in
half-tones; price, $1.00.

HANDBOOK SERIES (Price 5 cents each).

Poultry Raising in California: supplemented with a list of twenty bul-
letins of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department
of Agriculture, treating on poultry topics.

Street Trees in California. By Wiliis L. Jepson, Ph. D., Professor
of Botany, University of California.

Dairying in California: supplemented with a list of fourteen books on
dairying published by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Intensive Farming in California: Its Opportunities for the Man of Small
Means.

Tips for Tourists in California: Hints and Suggestions of what visitors
should see and what it will cost.

Reasons for Investment in California: An instructive summary of Cali-
fornia's resources, realized and potential.

San Francisco, No. One.
SPECIAL NUMBERS OF "FOR CALIFORNIA"

San Francisco Number, May-September, 1906.

Counties Numbers, Nos. One to Six, from October, 1906, to March,
1907, inclusive. (Ten cents each, or fifty cents for the set of six.)

Springs Number, April, 1907.

Mountain Resorts Number, May, 1907.

Seaside Resorts Number, June, 1907.

Garden Number, July, 1907.

Fisheries Number, August, 1907.

Rivers and Harbors Number, September, 1907.

Electrical. Development Number, October, 1907.

Diversified Farming Number, November, 1907.

Bird Number, December, 1907.

Game Number, January, 1908.
MAPS OF CALIFORNIA

Topographical Map of California, brought up to date, 1907 (Price 10
cents); in redwood frame, $1.00.

Rainfall, showing rainfall area in various parts of the State as compiled
by Government Bureau. (Price 2 cents.)

Thermal, showing isothermal line and ranges of temperature in Cali-
fornia, as cornpiled by Government experts. (Price 2 cents.)

Reconstruction Map of San Francisco, one year after the fire. One
size. (Price 20 cents each.)

CALIFORNIA ANNUAL, January, 1908. Covering the State's History,
Topography, Climate, Soil, Irrigation, Agriculture, Horticulture,
Viticulture, Live Stock, Mining, Forestry, Manufactures, Com-
merce, Finance, Education, City and Suburban Life, Health Re-
sorts. (Price 10 cents.)

MONTHLY BULLETIN OF PROGRESS; a short pamphlet setting forth
conditions and progress in California for preceding month. (Free).

COUNTIES COMMITTEE BULLETINS: Proceedings of semi-annual meet-
ings held in different parts of the State, at which special topics are
discussed, and which are attended by representatives of all the
counties of California. (Price, 2 cents.)

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