=. Tyas 4, Baht hs BF an fale December 1912 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. PART I. ahaha GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS -OUTLINE FOR ANNUAL REPORT INSTRUCTIONS UPON FORMS oe } a HARRISBURG: oO. %, B, AUOMINDAUOH, PRINTER TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Sg Shay 1912 © December 1912 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. t \ Uy iw ¢ Department of Forestry. ~FORESTER’S MANUAL. PART I. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS OUTLINE FOR ANNUAL REPORT INSTRUCTIONS UPON FORMS HARRISBURG: ©. E. AUGHINBAUGH, PRINTER TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 19 “tg * eS me D. of D. JAN 16 .915 L—. >) is ~,"h f Ce Ah Cory 7 f25 Meee. ¥ A “Mad ) lo/ 3 / TABLE OF CONTENTS. ECT MMIAS GI CLLOLS etry ate ceeiets te rares niente enone! 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Repairs to buildings: (a) Cost of such recommended repairs, $........ 4, Other suggested improvements: (a) Probable cost. Gey ae. ceed be (b) Seeds and seedlings required: 1. Seedlings needed for planting during the year. Species Quantity Spring or Fall. 2. Estimated area in acres to be covered by the above planting. 3. Quantity of tree seeds needed for planting in ex- perimental plots or nurseries. Species Quantity (a)Estimated cost of planting, $............... (c) New or altered equipment. if ME SUL TACO EOS aspx aie oa cs Se pas orth e (d) Other items of expense. 10 INSTRUCTIONS UPON FORMS. 1 and 2. Vouchers for expenses paid from appropriation to Department for contingent expenses. They are used only in the office of the Depart- ment, 3 and 4. Vouchers for all Reserve Expenses. 1. Vouchers will be made up in the Department. 2. Statements for vouchers must be submitted in detail by letter, setting forth bill, by name and amount, as Pay? MOUS Sethe aoa Sea ea ri tee ee $150 67 ODT ONES cae Heke as Beek Rea i ee 11 00 TOhMa SMT Hs ses kudaee cee er es eee Gon 3. Railroad fare must be indicated in this manner: Jan. i4. To railroad fare, Harrisburg to Summerville, P. R. R., 250 miles (mileage), << 2.5 -. Se NTR ee #5 OO To railroad fare, Summerville to Clarion, P. S. & C. R. R., 16 miles (eke). eis ae siecieeihenen cstiz: 65 16. To railroad fare, Clarion to Sum- meryilles Ps Siok e@2 Kes, 26 iW Hot Wed (RII) ta 2p) etter en aa Pel eM 2 Gy To railroad fare, Summerville to Harrisburg, P. R. R., 250 miles (MCA RR Stk tee kus Meenas.) scare 5 00 20. To railroad fare, Harrisburg to Lebanon and return, P. & R. R. Hes (CI CKEE iy lars cei eae marae eee 1 05 Mileage books should be used whenever possible. No receipt need be taken. Pullman fare checks will be accepted as receipts. 4. Trolley fare must be indicated: Jan. 24. Trolley fare, Mt. Pleasant to GrEeENSDURRS heey Soe oe ee neers $0 20 No receipt need be taken. 5. Livery or automobile hire should always be accounted for by receipt (Form 7) or by receipted bill on liveryman’s bill head, the latter preferred. The entry on the receipt or bill should he: Horse and buggy, Muncy to Eagles Mere and retumM-) 2OMMU ese Cuter eos eee og) gee ca £3 00 Or, Double team, and driver, Milford, to Blooming Grove, 21 miles, ..........%... S 00 Or, Automobile, Renovo to Crossfork and re- turn,..30° Mules: Sea cess hoe eee eee 9 00 6. Express and freight charges must be accounted for by submitting receipts on the respective company’s receipt form, 11 7. Telephone charges should be entered according to date and places between which the telephone was used. &. Charges for single meals obtained at restaurants, or on dining ‘avs enroute, must be noted as follows: Jan. 14. To dinner enroute, P. R. R. diner AT atieel ee are tones Ss Gps: wee ate oh 25 $0 90 No receipt need be taken. 9. Hotel charges should always be accounted for by receipt (Form 7) or receipted bill on hotel bill head. 10. Do not fail to itemize fully each expenditure for which no itemized receipt has been taken. The terms “incidentals,” ‘mis- cellaneous,” and the like, are not to be used. 11. In the case of surveys, hauling and boarding may be placed on pay roll (see Form 27) together with service. Separate receipts must be furnished for all other expenses incurred in the survey. 12. All expenses other than for traveling, those incident thereto, and for surveying, amounting to more than ten dollars require a sep- arate voucher, in which case there must be submitted a receipted, itemized bill, on individual bill head, or on Form 7, which will be at- tached to a voucher with the following entry: Jan. 17. To amount paid as per receipted bill At EME MMOL OUOs aie se 2 ck .puuepsve als ok $15 S85 The voucher must be signed by the individual furnishing the sup- plies. 13. Pay rolls, receipts and receipted bills of all kinds must be stamped ‘“Received-Correct-A pproved,” and countersigned by the for- ester on the line provided for signature under the above words. This, of course, implies that each item has been received and approved and the charges found to be correct. 14. Where any expense is accounted for by the piece, pound, yard, bushel, hundred, etc., the entry should be as follows: Meee Se ae A COMMS tensa hes cpane eile sora: duel fe elnsies'e $2 40 WS Wose lone Bie ak) VES Rs Se ce ens oe Bee 450 2eGOZEN LAMtERNS At p2-O0F Sees ta. bees. 4 00 15. Copies of all bills, receipts, payrolls, ete., must be kept in office of each forester, and properly filed. 16. Whenever possible, pay expenses by check, indicating clearly on the stub the items for which the check is drawn. 17. No person in the employ of the Department has any authority or legal right to sign another person’s name for any purpose what- ever. The person who is to receive the money must sign his own name and if unable to do so, must make his mark in the usual way. The mark must be accompanied by the signature of a witness. The form of signature is as follows: his Join N Smith. Witness: Charles Brown. mark 1S. The general rule of fully itemized bills prevails, and every em- plove must take notice. Follow the practice of getting, whenever possible, bills itemized on the printed bill heads of the person to whom the money is paid. 19. Be sure to forward all bills and receipts with the voucher to which they are to be attached. 20. All bills, receipts, pay rolls and vouchers should be forwarded 12 to the office not later than Tuesday previous to Commission meeting, which is on the first Friday of each month. 5 and 6. Forest Academy Vouchers. Used only for Academy expenses. fle Receipt. 1. Take receipts on this form for all expenditures possible, other than those for which receipted bills are obtained. 2. No receipt need be taken for trolley fare, railroad fare, telephone and telegraph charges, single meals at restaurants or on dining car enroute, cab or hack hire. 3. Itemize each expenditure fully. 4. Pay expenses by check whenever possible. 5. Always begin receipt by name of place where the expenditure is made and follow with date of payment. If receipts are taken for lodging or meals, indicate by date; if for more than self, indicate number of men, e. g., Aug. 1, 1911, Supper and lodging for 7 men at 2). “COMUSspetewe Coste cates eae PETE Rae de SEAS $3 50 Aug. 2, 1911, Breakfast and ‘dinner for 7 men at 25 (Ges MES etna ats arene iaeaea ae cere epee Ne Rae Oe 3 50 Aug. 3, 1911, Dinner for 2 men at 35 gents, ae 70 Aug. 3, 1911, Feed for two horses, ........ 50 . For further infor mation, see instructions under Forms 3 and 4. Be sure to stamp ‘Received-Correct-A pproved” and countersign. ). Date upon which material is furnished or service rendered should always be given. 10. Postage stamps must be receipted for by postmaster. 8. This form is used only by the Commissioner of Forestry, and is for the payment of the annual charge against the forest reserves for school purposes. OO 9: This form is used only by the Commissioner of Forestry, and is for the payment of the annual charge against the forest reserves for road purposes. 10. This form is used by the Commissioner of Morestry to accept or re- fuse title, for the Commonwealth, to vacant land, for which applica- tion has been filed with the Secretary of Internal Affairs, notification of which has been made to the Department in accordance with Act of May 3, 1909. i Land Offer. This form is given to individuals desiring to sell land to the State. A copy of the offer is made on a similar form and sent to a forester 15 or inspector with instructions to examine the land previous to pur- chase. The report of the examiner is written upon the back of the form and returned by him to the Department. This report should state, 1. Whether or not the land offered is the land shown, if it is possi- ble so to determine. 2. Whether it adjoins State land. 3. Character of the growth, species present, and relative percentage of total stand; age, height, diameter, density, quality of trees. 4, Soil. 5. Roads. 6. Streams. 7. Distance from market. 8. Other data. Then should follow an estimate of the tract’s worth, judging by past purchases in the same neighborhood. 12. Contract for Purchase of Land. Used only by the Commissioner of Forestry. 13: Timber Cut. 1. This form is sent to those who do any wood cutting or sawing from the stump. 2. Hach forester should report his cut on this form, as well as upon Form 31, so that it may be added into the total cut of the State. ». Mach forester should do all he can toward helping the Depart- ment to obtain information of this kind. Whenever he sees or hears of any individuals doing cutting of any kind, the names and addresses should be forwarded to the Commissioner of Forestry. 14. Tabulation of Timber Cut. Used only in the Office of the Department. 15. Forest Fire Report. 1. For instructions concerning this form, see the form itself. 2. Hach forester should keep a copy of each report made. _Form 19 may be made up, to a large extent, with the aid of these reports. 16. Bill for Extinction of Forest Fire. 1. For instructions, see the form itself. 2. It is important that these bills be forwarded as soon as possible after the fire has occurred. 9 5. A copy of each fire bill must be attached to the duplicate fire report, Form 15, and filed. 14 Ls : Fire Loss. 1. These forms are sent out each year by the Department in order to get data on loss by forest fires. 2. Foresters should fill out one of these blanks each year for the loss on the reserve of which he has charge. 3. The statements made should be carefully figured out before be- ing set down. The loss may be made up of actual property destroyed, whether trees are standing or not, young trees not yet marketable, humus and soil. Any special featur es making the forest particularly desirable should be capitalized if the forest is destroy ed. 18. Tabulation of Fire Loss. Used only in Office of the Department. 19. Summary of Fires. 1. This form is to be incorporated as a part of each forester’s an- nual report. 2. The record of each fire should be made as soon as possible after the fire has occurred. 5. All fires at which the forester or any of his men assisted in ex- tinction, should be reported on this form. Small fires as well large ones must be reported. 4. In reporting damage, it is better to indicate the character of the damage rather than the value. As in the case of Form 17, refer- ence should be made to extent of damage done to young and old trees, stating whether they have been killed, ‘badly or slightly damaged, the species most affected, etc. Especial mention should be made of dam- age done to any regeneration which may have been present. Sed pga damage to forest floor, it should be stated whether merely the surface leaves, or a part or the whole of the humus has been destroy ed; also something as to the condition of the live cover of the floor before and after the fire. Sometimes damage to the soil it- a may be noted. Damage to game, or birds, or other features making the forest ae attractive should be noted. 7. It will be of great interest to keep records of the time of day when fires come to the attention of the forestry officials and the time of day at which they have been extinguished. If patrol is necessary after extinction, a note should indicate the fact, and the time elapsed before everything was considered sate. 8. Total cost of extinction should include the value of the time spent by forestry officials and employees, and expenses. If individ- uals assist who are not paid by the Department or from the appro- priation for Extinction of Forest Fires, an effort should be made to learn what time and expense they have had and make proper report on this form. 9. Be sure the cause is known before recording it. Do not guess at it. If it is unknown, enter it as such. 15 20). State Forest Reserve Rules. 1. Each forester should see that his reserve is well posted with these cloth notices. 2. They should be placed along all roads, especially near where the line of the reserve crosses a road and where roads fork or cross, at the mouth of streams, along streams, and near camp sites. 3. When notices fade or are removed for any reason, see that new ones are posted. 4. Be careful not to place the notices on trees which are likely to become valuable timber trees. Try to find old, defective trees, or trees of little value. 5. Become thoroughly familiar with these rules. 21. Application for Camp Permit. 1. The important thing about the application is that each individ- ual most subscribe to the rules and regulations of the reserve. After the application has been properly filled and received at the Depart- ment of Forestry, if there is no objection to the individuals, or if there is no previous application for the same camp site, a permit will be granted. oo Camp Permit. 1. These permits must be had before any one may camp over night upon a reserve. A copy of each permit is sent to the forester in charge of the reserve upon which the camp is to be located. If any one is found to camp upon a reserve without a permit from the De- partment, he is liable to fine or imprisonment, or both. (See Act of May 5, 1911.) 2. very effort should be made by the members of the forest service to keep the Department informed as to the desirability or non-de- sirability of granting a permit to any one of the community or to any individual having improperly or illegally conducted himself upon the reserve. 3. Hach forester should report to the Department all cases in which campers fail to notify him previous to locating their camp. 4. Under no circumstance must a forest official charge or collect any remuneration for rendering assistance in the location of a camp. 5. In case of campers locating upon a reserve, where there is every reason to believe that they are ignorant of the regulations, leniency should be shown. Have each one sign an application blank and forward it with explanatory letter at once to the Department and permit will be returned to forester. 23. Surveyors Daily Notes. 1. Notes of final running are to be entered in ink each day on this form. 2 16 2. Sketches are to be made on right hand side of sheet. 3. Sheets are to be sent to the Department weekly. 4. Inter final courses and distances only. 24. Daily Record. 1. The object of this report is that the Department may keep closely in touch with the work being done on the reserves. 2. For the foresters, they are of inestimable value in that at the end of each month the work of all rangers, and foresters as well, may be properly classified and charged to the proper accounts. 3. With these ideas in view, this report should become a diary of each man in the service. The exact location and character of work done should be set forth in detail for each day, as well as the amount of time in hours spent at each operation; also in red ink the accoum or accounts to which each days work is charged. No one should hesitate to tell exactly where he has been and what he has been doing. 4. The time of foresters and rangers costs value to the State, and consequently should be accounted for just as other expenses must be, and the time spent at each operation, or kind of service, should be charged against that operation or service at a rate per hour, de- {ermined by dividing the salary per month by 250, which rate; shall be known as the “service” rate. 5. When each operation, other than distinctly administrative duties, has been properly charged for time given it at the “service” rate, the sum of the items should be taken; the difference between the forester’s monthly salary and this sum should be charged to gen- eral administration. In case the sum of the items amounts to more than the monthly salary, the difference may be credited in the gen- eral administration account. 6. It must not be assumed that 250 hours is the amount of time which a forester or ranger is expected to work, no more or no less. That number has been chosen to determine the rate per hour to be charged against operations simply as a matter of convenience and uniformity. Men in the forest service do not work overtime; they are in the service of the State from the time they enter its employ until they leave it. 7. In the case of the ranger’s time, each operation is charged prop- erly and the difference between salary and the sum of separate items is charged to general protection account. If the sum of operation charges is greater than the salary, the difference may be placed to the credit of protection account. &. Operations should be charged for rangers’ and foresters’ time in the same manner as charges for other time. If the forester would have to pay for time to and from the operation, in case a man were employed to do the work performed, then the time occupied by for- ester or ranger in getting to and from the operation should be charged against it. Otherwise an operation should. be charged only for time actually spent at it. Time in transit may be omitted in reports and consequently will be made up in charge to administration or protec- tion. 9. Absence from the reserve should be indicated by “Absent on leave.” If on Department or reserve work the nature of the work should be indicated. 1 10. This form has to do only with the time of foresters and rangers and not with expenses of any other nature. Therefore, in the space for account charges, foresters will enter on their reports only the proper charges, determined from the report of their own time. In the proper space on each ranger’s report, foresters will enter only such charges as arise from the particular ranger’s time. 11. After the forester has received a ranger’s report in duplicate he should examine it and if found to be satisfactory to him, he should stamp it with the “Received-Correct-Approved” stamp and countersign it under the ranger’s signature. All assistance necessary should be given to the ranger so that he may make his reports in proper form. 12. Each day’s record should be written in the evening of that day. Happenings will occur and observations will be made that, if not re- corded at once, may be forgotten and entirely lost. When daily en- tries are impossible the record should be made at the first oppor- tunity. . 3. Promptness in forwarding to foresters and to the Department is expected. All reports must reach the Department by the evening of the fifth (5th) of each month. For each day of delay thereafter one dollar ($1.00) will be deducted from the forester’s or ranger’s salary check.