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FORESTRY IN AMERICA

AS REFLECTED IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY
OF AMERICAN FORESTERS.

By BARRINGTON Moore.

The object of the present review is threefold:

First, to show the trend of thought and progress of American
forestry as reflected in the Proceedings of the Society of Ameri-
can Foresters. For this purpose the articles have been arranged
under headings, in chronological order under each heading.

Second, to make more available for reference the material con-
tained in the Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters,
from the first number of Volume VII, number 2, inclusive.

Third, to give a general view of the field already covered, in
order to show the degree of attention devoted to each subject.

J—HIsToRICAL,.

The Application and Possibilities of the Federal Forest Re-
serve Policy. By Edward T. Allen. Vol. I, No. 2.

Mr. Allen’s article is most interesting, throwing light on the adminis-
tration of the Forest Reserves in the Land Office days. As he says, it was

unfortunate that incompetent men, placed on the Reserves by political
pull, antagonized the people by bad management.

The Disposal of Public Lands. By George W. Woodruff.
Volit,. Ne: 2

This article has nothing to do with forestry, but is of interest to Ameri-
can foresters in that it gives an account of the development, of the policy
with regard to public lands, which gave rise to the present National
Forests. Much stress is laid on the frauds practiced to secure public land.

Objections to the Forest Reserves in Northern California.
By Albert F. Potter. Vol. I, No. 2.

_Ten objections on the part of the people of Northern California are
given to the creation of forest reserves. "These objections have since dis-
san but they serve to show the opposition with which the reserves

rst met.

Sir Dietrich Brandis. By Gifford Pinchot. Vol. III, No. 1.

This is an enthusiastic appreciation of the forester who introduced the

48 Forestry Quarterly.

science into India, by the man who has done so much for forestry in
America. It will serve as an inspiration to all American foresters.

Relation Between State and Private Forestry in Pennsylvama.
By Joseph Trimble Rothrock. Vol. IV, No. 1.

This deals with the relation of State forestry to the public, rather than
with the relation between State and private forestry. It is full of details
of the difficulties encountered by the forestry movement in Pennsylvania.

JI—GENERAL.

Forestry and Foresters. By Theodore Roosevelt. Vol. I.
INO, 1.

This is a general article showing the vital importance of forestry to the
United States as a whole. As Mr. Roosevelt says, the keynote of forestry
is and always should be the upbuilding and maintenance of prosperous
homes.

Bibliography of Southern Appalachians. By Helen Stock-
bridge. Vol. VI, No. 2.

This is a compilation which will be of great value as a reference for
those interested in the purchase of land for forest reserves in the White ©
Mountains and Southern Appalachians.

ITI—DEscrIprive.

Deforestation in China. By Bailey Willis. Vol. I, No. 3.

The treeless condition of Northern China is strikingly shown. The
forests of once densely covered mountain ranges have been destroyed to
such an extent that the rich are “reduced to sticks one inch in diameter by
eight inches long for firewood.” ‘The “saving clause,’ which does not save
the forests but modifies the effect of their destruction, is the wonderful skill
with which the Chinese terrace and cultivate the bare steep slopes.

Why Prairies are Treeless. By Alfred Gaskill. Vol. I, No. 3.

Many facts are brought together tending to prove that prairies were
caused by fire. These facts, though interesting, are not conclusive; and
the argumentative tone pervading the article reacts upon the reader.

Some Philippine Forest Problems. By R. C. Bryant. Vol.
LT INoOor- |

This article gives some of the difficulties encountered in introducing
forestry into the Philippines, difficulties naturally attendant upon studying,
tropical forests containing vast numbers of unidentified species whose
growth and silvical characteristics cannot be investigated by methods used
in temperate regions. Great as are the difficulties which Mr. Bryant brings
out, he does not touch upon the greatest obstacle of all, namely, the sys-
tem of Caingins, or shifting, cultivation by which large areas of virgin
forests are annually destroyed for the sake of two or three years’ miser-

Forestry in America. 49

able cultivation. Native hostility is also a serious drawback. For further

information on the Philippine forests, see article by H. N. Whitford in
Wall WAL INO, i

Some Forest Problems in Hawaii. By Ralph S. Hosmer. Vol.
Pe Nob ie

An account of industrial conditions in the islands. The minor impor-
tance of forestry shows rather strikingly; but eventually there will be an
opportunity for valuable silvical investigations. The main efforts must,
just now, be directed toward protecting the forest land, most of which
belongs to the government.

Some Forest Problems of the Middle West. By Hugh P.
Baker... Vol.. ITT, No. 1.

This paper presents some of the problems of small farm forestry and
advocates their solution. It is a general article of the propagandist type.
Although containing little specific information, yet it undoubtedly served
a very useful purpose.

Forest Resources and Problems of Canada. By B. E. Fernow.
Wolke Vall INos 2.

This is an account of forest conditions in Canada. The first part of
the paper is devoted to a description of the timber resources of Canada
as known at present, and is illustrated by a map of forest regions. There
is less timber, it occurs in more inaccessible regions, and is of poorer
quality than in the United States. The second part gives an instructive
and astonishng account of the Government’s policv and methods with
regard to the disposal of its timber.

State Forestry Problems. By A. F. Hawes, State Forester,
Vermont. Vol. VII, No. 2.

The bulk of this article is devoted to questions which arise in fire pro-
tection, some of which apply to other eastern States. Protection from
insects and animals (chiefly hedgehogs) is also discussed.

TV Sinvies,

Results of a Rocky Mountain Forest Fire, Studied Fifty Years
After Its Occurrence. By W.J. Gardner. Vol. I, No. 2.

This is the first forestry article appearing in the Proceedings discussing
actual forestry work on a specific problem; and it is perhaps significant
that it should have been placed at the end of the number. The author
gives his observations first in a general manner on the region, then on the
influence of aspen, and on the restocking of the burn, followed by a few
figures on the reproduction, growth, and tolerance of Engelmann Spruce.
Though no particularly important results were obtained, still this is a
distinct beginning.

sO Forestry Quarterly.

a

Principles Involved in Determining Forest Types By Raphael
Zone Vol. LN ose:

This is one of the first purely scientific articles appearing in the Pro-
ceedings, and one of the best. The author shows the scientific spirit in
reaching after fundamental principles. He states very truly that physical
factors are the causes of forest types. He makes one omission in that he
fails to point out the importance of certain temporary types in forest
management. An example of such a temporary type would be Douglas fir
on the Pacific Coast; in this case the forester should not ‘endeavor to ob-
tain in the shortest possible time the original forest type.” Aside from this
slight and natural omission, the principles laid down are those generally
recognized by foresters to-day.

Objects and Methods of Establishing Permanent Sample Plots.
By We ssterret » Vol” Tl dN o@. i:

Brief and instructive details of the objects and methods of establishing
permanent sample plots are given. The article is strictly preliminary; and
the objects given are therefore general. Some work has been done, but no
results as yet obtained. This work has since been more highly developed
at the Coconino (now Fort Valley) Experiment Station near Flagstaff,
Arizona. However, the article shows the beginnings of careful experi-
mentation.

A New Explanation of the Tolerance and Intolerance of Trees.
By Raphael Zon. Vol. II, No. 1.

. The author begins with a thorough analysis of the factors affecting
transpiration. He proves that on dry soils the influence of moisture is
greater than that of light. Then follows account of experiments demon-
strating that tree roots dry the soil. This is true enough, but does not
bring out the comparative influence of light and moisture on tree growth,
and this, after all, is the point, and one which it will be extremely difficult
to solve considering the complex inter-relation and inter-action of the
two factors. ~

His statement that the lack of reproduction under old trees is not due
to lack of light but to lack of moisture is too strong; it might be that
with the same small amount of moisture but with light, seedlings would
grow. Something might be learned by experiments which would give
seedlings the same amount of moisture as that found in the places under
the trees where reproduction fails, but which would also give them full
light. It would seem that Zon’s first enthusiasm for this discovery carries
him as far in the moisture theory as Pfeil was carried in the light theory.
For Zon’s maturer judgment see his and Graves’ bulletin “Light in Rela-
tion to Tree Growth,” Forest Service bulletin No. 92.

Some Further Considerations Regarding the Tolerance and
Intolerance of Shade. By Herbert A. Smith. Vol. ITI, No. 1.

Mr. Smith speaks a word of caution against being carried too far by
Mr. Zon’s enthusiasm for the new discoveries of the effect of moisture
on tolerance.

Silvical Notes on Lodgepole Pine. By E. R. Hodson. Vol.
TO ANOS 1

This paper gives some very interesting and important facts which were
hitherto unknown, and draws logical conclusions about the reproduction

Forestry in America. 51

of lodgepole pine. The discovery that too dense a stocking was injurious
and that about 8,000 seedlings per acre constitute an optimum full stock-
ing is well worth knowing. Some of his other facts are equally useful.

Experiment Stations in Connection With the ey as Forests.
Byes. Dana pvVols TV) INO! 5.

The author shows the far reaching significance of the new (this was
in 1909) plans of establishing experiment stations on the National Forests,
and touches upon some of the problems requiring solution. The estab-
lishment of these stations is probably the most important step taken by
the Forest Service in placing the profession on a firm foundation. The
value of the information which these stations will some day secure cannot
be over-estimated.

A Study of the Reproductive Characteristics of Lodgepole
Pine. By Gordon E. Tower. Vol. IV, No. 1.

The author gives basic facts concerning the reproduction of lodgepole
pine. Reproduction of this species is “not always so readily secured as
was at first supposed.” He discovered two forms: (1) that occurring
on lime soils with cones difficult to open; and (2) that occurring on silica
soils with cones opening readily. He also gives data on the effect of heat
and of age of the seed on the power of germination.

Economic Possibilities of Pinus Sabiana. By Charles H.
Shinn. Vol. VI, No. 1.

This article belongs under Utilization as well as under Silvics, but was
placed here because a large part of it is devoted to a description of the
silvical characteristics of this tree. Mr. Shinn calls attention to this little
known but abundant tree and gives valuable information concerning its
characteristics and uses.

Efficacy of Goats in Clearing Brush Lands in the Northwest.
By Charles S. Judd. Vol. VI, No. 1
This article gives a novel if not always practicable means of clearing

brush lands. The use of goats is probably cheaper than clearing by hand
and as effective if the object is reforestation.

Basket Willow Culture in Germany. By C. D. say Vol V,
Noite
This is a specific article giving some interesting facts, but not all the

facts. He does not say how long it takes to grow basket willow or how
much it costs.

Chaparral Areas on the Siskiyou National Forest. By H. E.
Haefner. Vol. VII, No. 1.
This article contains interesting information about the brush fields of

Southwestern Oregon, and silvical notes on the occurrence of the different
types on the different geological formations. The point that the brush

52 Forestry Quarterly.

areas were deforested by fire is well taken. It would be worth while to
impress that fact upon the settlers. His information about the natural
restocking of the brush areas is too vague. We should like to know just
what effect the brush has upon reproduction, whether it really aids repro-
duction by preserving soil moisture or is an unmitigated evil; what effect
it has upon the reproduction of the different species, that is, whether
or not. a stand formerly composed of pine will be changed to one of a
more tolerant species which can come up through the brush; what species
first comes in; and the period required for natural restocking under dif-
ferent conditions. His recommendation about reforesting the most favor-
able sites first is good.

Inier-relation Between Brush and Tree Growth of the Crater
National Forest, Oregon. By Harold D. Foster. Vol. VII, No. 2.

The author has brought together a number of interesting observations
on the distribution, classification, and causes of brush; also its relation
to reproduction. These observations tend to show that brush fs caused by
thinning of the stand due to fire. Brush keeps the soil in condition for
reproduction but, he says, injures as much as it aids the reproduction.
On this point there is room for argument; in the northern Sierras brush
is the forerunner of a second forest. His attempts to find means of
eradicating the brush show the impossibility of doing so except by
shading.

Sitka Spruce of Alaska. By Bruce EF. Hoffman. Vol. VII,
No.2:

This article contains silvical observations, chiefly on the occurrence,
form and reproduction of Sitka spruce; illuminating details of the lum-
ber industry in the vicinity of the Tongass National Forest; and definite
recommendations for reconnaissance, timber sales and methods of cutting.
At the end is a volume table based on diameter and average merchantable
length. It is the first detailed information of the tree and region pub-
lished. The article is an example of the manner in which American
foresters grapple with a new problem.

V—Eco.ocy.

Plant Formations and Forest Types. By F.E. Clements. Vol.
IV, No. 1.

Professor Clements does a marked service to the profession of forestry
by applying the principles of ecology to forest types. In so doing he lays
the foundation for a thoroughly scientific study of the relation of the
forest to its habitat. The result is that he gives a more stable starting
point from whence to attack the complex problem of determining forest
types. The article is indispensable for a proper understanding of forest
types.

The Relation of Soil Acidity to Plant Societies. By Arthur W.
Sampson. Vol. VII, No. 1.

This article is of interest not only to ecologists but to foresters. The
author has investigated in a scientific manner the effect of soil acidity and
of alkalinity upon the occurrence of plant societies. His discoveries re-

Forestry in America. 53

fute the theory maintained by: certain scientists that the physical texture
and moisture of the soil are of more importance than the chemical con-
tent. It is interesting to note that his study on the Manti National Forest
showed that most of the tree genera found there prefer acid soils. He
should, however, have stated the depth at which these tests were made,
since forest soils are liable to be acid on the surface, but may be alkaline
where the tree roots penetrate. These investigations are an important
step in determining the fundamental physical factors which form the basis
of forest types and on which Mr. Zon lays so much stress in his article
“Principles Involved in Determining Forest Types,” in Volume TomINOw 3

VI—SILVICULTURE

Silviculture Applied to Virgin Forest Conditions. By Alfred
Gaskill. Vol. I, No. 2.

This article is a plea for getting down to principles in silviculture rather
than blindly following European text books. Hence it is advice rather than
an exposition or study of a specific silvicultural problem. But the advice
is excellent and has since been followed.

A Rough System of Management for Reserve Lands in the
Western Sierras. By W. B. Greeley. Vol. II, No. 1.

This is the best article on silviculture which has appeared in the Pro-
ceedings to date. It gives in a nutshell the essential features of the region
in question and the leading silvical characteristics of the forest. From
these the author evolves a thoroughly sound and practical system of silvi-
culture. It is the work of a clear trained mind applying its training in
a practical way. It marks the beginning of the true American Silvi-
culture.

The Silvicultural Results of Marking Timber in National
Forests. By Edward E.. Carter. Vol. III, No. 1.

The author gives in a very interesting manner the growth of systems
of marking in the important forest regions of the west. Early mistakes
are shown as well as some of the difficulties encountered and imperfec-
tions in the methods used at the time the paper was delivered. ‘The
author’s one oversight is that he emphasizes the value of the information
which technical men can give the rangers without bringing out the fact
that the technical man must have a thorough acquaintance with the forest
before his advice can carry weight or even be worth following.

Condition of American Silviculture. By Henry S. Graves.
Vol: it, No. 1.

Mr. Graves shows how little actual practice American foresters have
had and how little is known about the fundamental American silvical
conditions necessary for developing proper silvicultural methods. He
emphasizes the necessity of having a definite silvicultural aim: not to for-
get what is desired and expected of the forest in the future, but at the
same time, we must not become disappointed at failures. Finally he em-
phasizes one of the most important truths in forestry, the necessity of
knowing principles rather than systems.

54 Forestry Quarterly.

Some Notes on the Yellow Pine Forests of Alabama, By R.
Ce Bryant, Vol LV, alo. 1:

The figures on the growth of longleaf pine and the facts concerning
lumbering clearly show the impossibility of forestry for private owners
of longleaf pine land. Thorough silvical studies would apparently be use-
less since there is no government land in Alabama on which the findings
could be applied, and conditions in Florida are somewhat different. The
silvicultural systems suggested are interesting, but would carry more
weight if based on more silvical facts.

The Selection System. By Henry S. Graves. Vol. V, No. I.

In this article Mr. Graves brings together much useful information
about the system of silviculture with which he has had much experience.
It is the system he recommended in his Adirondack Working Plan. The
last part of the article is particularly interesting, for he refers to the
modification of the selection system known as the “group selection sys-
tem” and now widely applied on National Forests bearing uneven aged
stands.

Management of Loblolly and Shortleaf Pines. By W. W.
Ashe. Vol. V, No. 1.

The author combines scientific information and practical application to
a marked degree. He gives specific and fairly detailed information of
considerable importance. The management, though a little crude, is
probably as good as conditions will allow. The article loses by poor
presentation some of the force which it otherwise would have.

Strip Thinnings. By ‘Theodore S. Woolsey, Jr. Vol. VI.
Nos 1:

The author gives a method of thinning dense second growth spruce and
balsam stands in the northeast. The method is adapted only to certain
infrequent conditions and will probably not be widely used.

Results of Cuttings on the Minnesota National Forest Under
the Morris Act of 1902. By Raphael Zon. Vol. VII, No. tr.

Mr. Zon’s observations indicate very poor silvicultural results from the
cuttings under the Morris act. The seed trees left are wholly inadequate,
cutting was done in poor seed years, and the areas have grown up with
such rank vegetation as to prevent further reproduction, particularly of
white pine. His recommendation about clearing off the brush with fire
at the time of cutting is of great interest, but should be most thoroughly
tried out before being put into practice.

Sivicultural Systems of Management for Central Rocky
Mountain Forests. “By Carlos G. Bates. Vol. VII, No. 1.
The author gives an interesting sketch of the determining silvical

conditions on each of the important Rocky Mountain types as far as these
conditions were known at. the time of writing. On this basis he builds

Forestry in America. 55

up sound logical methods of silviculture, harmonized on the one side
with the interests of the forest and on the other with those of lumber-
men. Since the article was written lodgepole pine has been found to be
far less intolerant than had been commonly supposed. This would make
possible the application of the selection system which the author rejects,
but would not prevent the use of the group selection system which he
advocates. ’ =

Border Cuttings: A Suggested Department in American Sil-
viculture. By A. B. Recknagel. Vol. VII, No. 2.

A detailed description of an European method of silviculture applicable
only in accessible regions where intensive forestry is possible. Although
not practicable for America’s present day conditions, the method is worth
knowing about for future reference.

Silvicultural Systems for Western Yellow Pine. By Earle H.
Clapp. Vol. -VII;; No: 2:

This valuable paper brings together all the silvicultural information
gathered by the Forest Service concerning western yellow pine. It recon-
ciles the two opposing methods of handling the tree, the shelterwood
method, and the group selection. Mr. Clapp shows that the latter is
applicable to all but unfavorable situations on which reproduction requires
shelter. Here the shelterwood system is better for securing new repro-
duction. The difficulty is that under present logging conditions much of
the stand—up to two-thirds of the volume— must be removed at the first
cut, thus largely destroying the shelter. Furthermore the area cannot be
cut again for from 30 to 50 years, by which time the reproduction will
have been shaded out, or will be badly damaged by the removal of the
remaining well distributed portion of the stand.

Natural versus Artificial Regeneration in the Douglas Fir Re-
gion of the Pacific Coast. By Thornton T. Munger. Vol. VII,
IN@22:

The author describes conditions in the Douglas fir region of the Pacific
Coast, and gives the pros and cons of both methods of regeneration. He
seems to be on the defensive throughout, and ends by saying that, except
in four exceptional classes which he mentions above, “natural regenera-
tion is practicable, reasonably sure of success, and as inexpensive as any
method of artificial regeneration.” Such opinions will, it is hoped, lead
to thorough experiments to determine the applicability of both methods
before the Service commits itself to either.

VII—ForeEstTaTIon.

Problems in Nursery Practice. By Clifford Robert Pettis.
VolsiV. No. 4.

This paper forms a very valuable contribution to all work connected
with forest nurseries. It gives in a clear manner the essential details of
the author’s experience in directing the work of the largest scientifically
managed forest nursery in the United States.

56 Forestry Quarterly.

The Growing of Eucalypts. By Fred G. Plummer. Vol. V,
No. 1.

Here is what a man wants to know before planting Eucalyptus. It is
a general article followed by eleven pages of bibliography of Eucalyptus,

so will serve as an excellent reference for anyone wishing further infor-
mation on these important trees.

Experiments in Sandhill Planting. By Carlos G. Bates. Vol.
Wie ING: ile

This article shows very distinct progress in forestry thought and prac-
tice. It is detailed, specific, and extremely instructive. The author gives
a series of very interesting experiments which were made in such a way
as to show how each factor acts and why. The effect of plant competition
on the moisture supply is particularly interesting. The article is, there-
fore, pure forestry of great future value, not only for the sandhills of
Nebraska, but for every other region, as suggesting lines of investigation
to be followed anywhere.

Hardy Catalpa; a Study of Conditions in Kansas Plantations.
By AE, Omang Vols Vi, Not:

The author gives interesting and instructive details concerning the
starting and care of hardy catalpa stands. He treats the subject in a -
careful and detailed manner, giving the causes of all the facts and recom-
mendations he brings out.. The article is therefore a valuable addition
both to the forester’s and farmer’s knowledge of handling this valuable
tree.

Eucalyptus Possibilities on the Coronado National Forest. By
RL. Rogers: Volo Vi Nor i

A thorough knowledge of conditions on the Coronado help to make
Mr. Rogers’ article of interest and value. He shows clearly that, although
certain species of Eucalyptus can probably withstand the temperatures,
it is doubtful if they could endure the drought unless previously estab-
lished by irrigation. His conclusion is the need for thorough experimen-
tation. The article is written in a careful scientific spirit, and should be
read by all foresters who have under consideration the planting of
Eucalyptus in arid regions.

Seed Production and How to Study It. By Raphael Zon and
C:.R., Pillotson) Vol. Wal, Nou:

This article is the result of painstaking and scientific effort. In the
first place the authors state the four problems involved. The mere state-
ment of these problems is a stimulus to forestry research. The history
of the study of seed production | is given in detail from its beginning to
the present time; presented last is Zon’s and Tillotson’s method of study-
ing seed production, which, briefly, consists in determining the per acre
production of seed for any given stand. The method is somewhat com-
plex and the idea is not concurred in by all foresters (see discussion
of this article in Vol. VII, No. 1). Nevertheless the article has vigor
and originality and marks a distinct step forward in the professional
thought of the country.

Forestry in America. 57

Seed Production and How to Study It: Discussion.* By S. T-.
Dana, Bristow Adams, and Raphael Zon. Vol. VII, No. 1.

This paper is wholly different from any of the others, except Mr.
Herbert A. Smith’s “Some Further Considerations Regarding Tolerance
and Intolerance of Shade,” in Vol. III, No. 1, in that it is a discussion
of an article which has already appeared in the Proceedings. Mr. Dana
takes the position that Mr. Zon’s sample-plot method of studying seed
production is too complex and expensive; furthermore it is analogous to
the use of yield tables in finding the volume of stands, and yield tables,
he says, are of but little use in our irregular forests. His alternative
would be to estimate the seed crop by single trees instead of by area,
using a previously constructed “seed-volume-table,” just. as a timber esti-
mator uses a volume table of board contents.

Mr. Bristow Adams has no faith in either method of studying seed
production and believes that there are other problems which are more
in need of solution. He gives methods of increasing the seed crop of
individual trees. Then follows Mr. Zon’s reply to Mr. Dana and Mr.
Dana’s reply to Mr. Zon, at the end apparently neither being converted.
The discussion serves to bring out the advantages and disadvantages of
each method.

Forest Planting in Northern Michigan. By Wilham B. Piper.
Vol VII,’ No: 2:

This paper relates to the planting done by the Forest Service on the
Michigan National Forest. The work has been almost wholly experi-
mental; something of value has been learned, but much further experi-
mentation will be necessary.

VIJI—MENSURATION.

Timber Estimating. By Herman Haupt Chapman. Vol, IV,
No. 1.

Professor Chapman, and one or two other foresters in the country
doubtless understand forest maps and timber estimating better than any-
one else. The interest and value of this article is therefore obvious. It
is a brief outline of some of the more important methods of timber estt-
mating and of the principles underlying them. ‘Timber estimating is of °
course the phase of the profession closest to the old timber cruisers, a
work in which foresters, lacking the experience of the timber cruisers,
have surpassed these formerly infallible men by the use of scientific
methods.

A Method of Studying Growth and Yield of Longleaf Pine
Applied in Tyler County, Texas. By Herman Haupt Chapman.
Vol. FV;-No. 2:

Of all the methods of studying yield devised by foresters, this is the
most original and interesting. There can be no question that the method

* The original paper of the same name by Raphael Zon and C. R. Til-
lotson appeared in Vol. VI, No. 2.

58 Forestry Quarterly.

is thoroughly workable and productive of excellent results in longleaf
and shortleaf pine; and also that it is equally applicable to western yellow
pine. Furthermore there seems to be no reason why the method should
not be used with any species which forms even aged groups. It is at
present being tried by the Forest Service in the mixed conifer type (west-
ern yellow pine, sugar pine, incense cedar, Douglas fir and the white fir)
of the western Sierras, and if successful will probably revolutionize the
study of yield throughout the entire country.

The Standardizing of Log Measures. By Edwin Allen Ziegler.
Vol. IV, No. 2.

This is a sound article showing clearly the variations caused by different
log scales and methods of sawing, and advocating the use of the cubic
foot. It is a specific article contributing something to professional knowl-
edge and is also partly propagandist. There is no. doubt that the author’s
recommendations will eventually be adopted, but not for a long time or
without a struggle. This should not, however, prevent. foresters from
keeping the end in view and making every effort to attain it.

Forest Mapping and Timber Estimating as Developed in Mary-
land. By Fred W. Besley. Vol. IV, No. 2.

The work herein described is instructive in that it shows how to get a
rough but sufficiently accurate idea of forest areas and stands in a woodlot
state. It will be of considerable value to those starting forestry for the
first time in a state, and to foresters in states which have for some time
applied the science.

The Log Scale in Theory and Practice. By Harry D. Tieman.
Vols V;5No: st:

This article is the result of much original research in the important
and complex subject of log measurement, in consequence the author is
able to give in considerable detail the underlying principles of his subject.
He has also evolved, as a result of the actual measurement and sawing
out of 224 perfect logs, an ideal rule which he expresses by a formula.
The article is a valuable contribution, not only to the scientific knowledge
of the profession, but also to the practical application of this knowledge
to the lumber industry.

IX—E.NCINEERING.

A System for Getting Topography in Reconnaissance Work in
the Western Cascades. By Walter H. Leve. Vol. VII, No. 2.

The article gives the details of the topographic part of the reconnais-
sance in the western Cascades of Washington. The nature of the subject,
together with the none too clear style of the author, would make this
paper difficult to understand for one without much topographic experience.
Since the article will be read chiefly by men engaged in this work it will
have value for starting discussion and suggesting improvements. One im-
provement would be to have the field man complete his sketch in the
field rather than turn in a series of short contours.

Forestry in America. 59

X—MANAGEMENT.

Some Government Timber Sales in the Southwest from the
Practical and Technical Standpoint. By Theodore S. Woolsey,
rape Vols lly Now t.

This paper gives an account of mistakes made in the earlier adminis-
tration of timber sales. These mistakes, however, laid the foundation
for the better administration of to-day.

Managing a National Forest from the Business Stand point.
By Theodore S$. Woolsey, Jr. Vol. III, No. 1.

This paper throws an interesting light on the administration of the
National Forests in 1908, and contains valuable suggestions. For example:
His point about salaries and corresponding efficiency is well taken; his
suggestions about keeping track of a Forest Officer’s work, and about cost
keeping have since been put into effect; while his recommendation of a
more conservative use of the “raw product” (timber) has, owing to the
necessity for making sales in order to put the Service on a paying basis,
not yet been followed. However, with proper silvicultural methods of
timber marking, there is no danger of depleting the capital.

The New Reconnatssance—W orking Plans that Work. By
Arthur Bernard Recknagel. Vol. IV, No. 1.

This article is full of details concerning the early attempts of the
Forest Service to regulate the cut on the National Forests. These at-
tempts produced valuable information, if small results in a timber sale
policy. The author also gives the details of the method of reconnaissance
used for securing working plan data in District 3. This method has
since been applied on nearly all the Forests of the District, furnishing esti-
mates sufficiently reliable for all practical purposes, and excellent topo-
graphic maps. ‘The emphasis placed on mapping and estimating was,
however, carried to such an extent that the silvicultural method of cutting
was, until very recently, in danger of being overlooked. Although the
author in his enthusiasm forgets that “working plans that work” cannot
be built in a day, he, nevertheless, stirred up interest in this important line
of forest activity.

Preliminary Forest Management in the Southwest. By Theo-
dore S. Woolsey, Jr. Vol. IV, No. 1.

Under the above title the author discusses the method of, fixing stump-
age rates, the timber sale policy, and the method of fixing the annual
limitation to the cut. His statement that all the timber in the Southwest
will be needed locally is, I believe, over conservative. The population of
Arizona and New Mexico is small, and will probably not increase greatly
since most of the available agricultural land is already occupied. Although
half of the article is devoted to the discussion of stumpage rates, the
only basis which the reader can discover for the all-important minimum
rate is competition ; and yet it is only in exceptional cases that more than
one bid is received. The timber sale policy of reserving certain areas for
free use or for small sales is wise, and constitutes the soundest part of
this article. The method of limiting the annual cut is correct enough, but
tends to give too sanguine an impression of conditions in the region.
The author fails to point out that this limitation of the cut, however neces-

60 Forestry Quarterly.

sary, is at present purely ideal and an object to be striven for, not by
any means an accomplished fact. Perhaps the trouble is that he is so
intent upon giving the reader an idea of what has been done that he fails
to portray the conditions to which his measures must be applied, and
consequently the effectiveness of these measures. The foreigner reading
this article would be left with an undeservedly high impression of our rate
of progress.

Regulating the Annual Cut of National Forests. By S. La
Moore. Vol. V, No. I.

This article gives a remarkably clear and truthful picture of the con-
ditions on which regulations of the cut on National Forests must depend.
By its frank statements of facts it gives a basis for future progress.

Working Plans for National Forests of the Pacific Northwest.
By Burt P. Kirkland. Vol. VI, No. 1.

In this article are two valuable contributions to the profession. First,
the author explains the principles involved in making working plans,
illustrating these principles with his own working plan; second, he de-
velops strong arguments for the making of working plans. In his ex
planation of principles in the first part of the article he effectually destroys
certain fallacies, notably the one about elastic working circles composed
of any number of National Forests.

His working plan is built on the area method with a volume check. It
is a sound, intensely interesting and instructive piece of work with which
every forester who deals with even aged stands should be familiar. His
reasons for bringing the Forests up to their full productive capacity are
logical, but he ignores the danger of overproduction in the lumber
market which such a course would involve. (See article by W. B.
Greeley, “National Forest Sales on the Pacific Coast,” in Vol. VII,
No. 1). His arguments for the making of working plans are, on the
whole, thoroughly sound, and should stir up those foresters who wait
until. the need for working plans arrives before making them. The mak-
ing of a working plan is a matter of years, not of months; it is never
too soon to begin collecting the data. Mr. Kirkland’s article is, on the
whole, one of the most thorough, detailed and specific articles, dealing
with the science of pure forestry, which has ever appeared in the Pro-
ceedings. It-is indispensable for reference.

The Essentials in Working Plans for National Forests. By
Barrington Moore. Vol. VI, No. 2.

Methods for Regulating the Cut on National Forests. By Bar-
rington Moore. Vol. VII, No. 1.

XI—UT‘TILIZATION.

Influence of Lumbering on Forestry. By Austin Cary. Vol.
DEN ota:

This is a sound, practical paper. The author shows how foresters fail
to affect the management of lumbering concerns. This he attributes to
the foresters’ inability to see a proposition from the business standpoint.

Forestry in America. 61

He also points out the increasing opportunities for the practice of for-
estry, chief among which are the large wood-using industries, such as
pulp mills, which need permanent supplies of raw material, and perma-
nent resident ownership. The keynote of the paper is the need for a
proper balance between the technical and business management. The
author must have the satisfaction of seeing that his principles are now
recognized by the best foresters throughout the country.

Shakes and Shake-making in a California Forest. By Charles
Howard Shinn. Vol. IV, No. 2.

This article is a complete and detailed account, of shakes and shake-
making from the earliest times to the present. It is in the nature of a
memorial and defense of that picturesque but rapidly disappearing in-
dustry. Interesting figures are given comparing the value of the same
class of material worked into shakes and sawn by a small portable mill.

Wood Preservation—A Determining Factor in Forest Manage-
ment. By Howard Frederick Weiss. Vol. IV, No. 2.

The author points out the importance of wood preservation in deter-
mining the composition of future forests, in increasing the value of
thinnings, in giving value to top logs hitherto a loss in lumbering, and in
accelerating the removal of dead material. He builds up a strong, but,
it must be admitted, rather one-sided, argument in favor of wood preserva-
tion. ;

Notes on Management of Redwood Lands. By Swift Berry.
Vole Vi, No. £:

Mr. Berry has given us a brief, yet complete and clear account of the
utilization of redwood. This is followed by notes on the disposal of
cleared redwood lands and suggestions for keeping certain of these lands
permanently in forest.

Conservation and Chemical Pulp. By Dr. B. Herstein. Vol.
WiieaNon 2:

The author gives a method of solving the hitherto vexing problem of
disposing of the injurious waste from the sulphite process of pulp making.
The method, now successfully used in Sweden, not only effectually does
away with the damage from the waste, but yields a commercially valu-
able by-product, alcohol.

XII—-Prorecrion.

Better Methods of Fire Control. By W. B. Greeley. Vol. VI,
No. 2.

This article gives the most clearly thought out methods of preparing
against and of handling difficult fire situations. It will, of course, be
remembered that Mr. Greeley was in charge of the District on which
the great fires of 1910 occurred. The value of this article is such that
the Forest Service had it reprinted and sent to every Forest Officer in
the Service.

62 Forestry Quarterly.

Fire Problem on the Florida National Forest. By I. F. Eld-
redge. Vol. VI, No. 2.

The author gives a striking picture of the conditions on the Florida
National Forest, and shows the impossibility of protecting the entire
Forest. He gives an alternate scheme for concentrating fire protection
on turpentined areas. The article is extremely instructive, particularly
for those unfamiliar with Southern conditions, and who would advocate
indiscriminate fire protection.

XIJI—Forest INFLUENCES.

Chaparral as a Watershed Cover in Southern California. By
Lis CosMaller Vol, No.2:

This article is a study of chaparral itself rather than of the value of
chaparral as a watershed cover. The latter fact is assumed as established,
and the writer proceeds with his facts about the density of chaparral on
different slopes, and methods to retain and increase the cover. If his
premise be granted his article is an excellent plea for fire protection in
the chaparral covered watersheds of important streams.

Striking Features of the Water Situation in California. By
E. A. Sterling. Vol. II, No. 1.

The author gives a clear and interesting account of the water situation
in California, showing the vital importance of water, and the public un-
derstanding of the needs of the case. The article is, however, not scien-
tific in that it does not show what influence the forests have. It is pri-
marily of importance for its relation to forestry.

Relation of Surface Conditions to Streamflow. By William L.
Hall and Hu. Maxwell. Vol. IV, No. 2.

This is a strong article. It is logical, sound, impartial and scientific.
The point that increased runoff causes decreased evaporation and con-
sequently decreased precipitation is excellent.

Forests and Streamflow—An Experimental Study. By Carlos
Ge Bates... Vol. Vi No: x.

This article gives full details of the starting by the Weather Bureau in
co-operation with the Forest Service of the most complete experiment
which has ever been undertaken to determine the influence of forests on
streamflow. Two forested watersheds of as similar character as pos-
sible have been selected. For a period of years all factors will be meas-
ured on each watershed, just as they now are, in order to obtain an ac-
curate comparison of the two. Then one watershed will be denuded and
the other left forested. The effect will be accurately noted and cannot
fail to yield the most accurate and convincing results.

XIV—EconomIcs.

How Shall Forests be Taxed? By Alfred Gaskill. Vol. I,
Nols.

This article is an exposé of the important principles of forest taxa-

Forestry in America. 63

tion, showing the injustice of the methods of taxation commonly used
at present. It is also an .attempt to adapt a complex problem to a crude
and difficult situation. It shows that we must build up our own Forest
Economics.

Forest Fire Insurance in Germany. By Samuel J. Record.

Woe lel NiO: 1:

Mr Record gives a brief and interesting outline of the methods of fire
insurance used in Germany, showing that the calculation is based on
one of three methods of valuation, either on the cost value of the stand,
on the forest expectation value, or on sale value; and that the rate in-
creases with fire danger of the stand. The article gives a glimpse ahead
at very intensive forestry which probably will not be applied in the United
States for a number of years, but is none the less worth knowing about.

Forestry for Railroads. By E. A. Sterling. Vol. IV, No. 5.

Mr. Sterling touches very closely the relation of the profession of for-
estry to the industrial world. The reason why the railroad has not taken
up forestry is that foresters have failed to show railroad men forestry
from a business standpoint. The importance of forestry to railroads lies
not in planting, but in the management of timber lands.

The article is extremely interesting and instructive, but of necessity
too vague. Mr. Sterling does not know enough about railroading, nor
does any other forester. This ionorance is the vital trouble with the
profession generally, for, unless forestry becomes an integral part of
the business life of the country and answers its needs it can never be
of any real value to the nation. The Service must graduate to where it
feels ashamed of being unable to answer.the questions which the railroad
puts to it, and which Mr. Sterling so clearly enumerates. Most certainly,
as he says, the Forest Service should uphold the railroad in the owner-
ship of timberlands and in the disposal of minor products.

National Forest Sales on the Pacific Coast. By W. B. Greeley.
Vole ViIE- No:. 5.

This article shows clearly the underlying economic and business princi-
ples which should and actually do guide the Forest Service in handling
the problem of timber sales. The principles are broad, sound and thor-
oughly practical and justly a deviation from the strict silvicultural re-
quirements. The article is the result of clear thinking.

Timber Bonds. By Edward A. Brainiff. Vol. VII, No. 1.

This article contains a long and very detailed account of bonds issued
by lumber companies on the security of their timber lands. The author
goes into all the features of these issues, giving many warnings to the
prospective investor, but leaving impressed upon his mind a very favorable
opinion of timber bonds and a keen desire to secure some. The article
is well written and the information imparted interesting, but its connec-
tion with forestry is too remote.

XV—LAEGISLATION.

What are the Essentials of a State Fire Law? By E. A. Ster-
ling. Vol. I, No. 3.

This paper deals chiefly with the provisions of the California fire law,

64 Forestry Quarterly.

at that time before the State Legislature. It nevertheless shows clearly
the essentials of any ideal State fire law, which are: first, the preven-
tion of fires; and second, adequate machinery for the execution of the
law. Although the paper was written eight years ago, it is still well
worth while reading and understanding, particularly for those engaged
in State forestry.

XVI—EpucartTIon.

Some Problems in Forest Education. By Henry S. Graves.
Vol. IL Norsk

In this paper the author strikes the keynote of the policy which should
and does prevail in the best forest schools of the country. It is the im-
portance of a broad and thorough technical training. He shows that
American foresters need a broader training than do foresters in Europe.
He mentions the leading subjects and shows their bearing, pointing out
especially the need of learning to do research work, and of an understand-
ing of fundamental principles in order to build up the new profession.
His proposal for giving a different kind of training for technical foresters
and for lumberman and rangers is the answer to the cry, at that time very
insistent, for a more practical training. In fact, the paper might be con-
sidered somewhat in the nature of a defense of the system of thorough
technical training.

XVII—Borany.

The Catalpa Septum: A Factor in Distinguishing Hardy Ca-
talpa. By William H. Lamb. Vol. VII, No. x.

Mr. Lamb gives one dependable characteristic by which the two catalpas
may readily be distinguished; in distinguishing two similar species one
dependable character is worth any number of variable ones.

A Synopsis of the Red Firs. By William H. Lamb. Vol. VII,
No. 2.

The author describes and illustrates with plates a few characteristics of
the leaf and bract of the three firs, Abies nobilis, Abies shastensis and
Abies magnifica, which render possible the sure and easy distinguishing of
these hitherto confusing species.

XVITI—AvuxiLiary SUBJECTS.
SOILS.

Forests as Gatherers of Nitrogen. By Treadwell Cleveland,
Jr. (Voll Vie Nowa

The author of this paper relates in a manner which can be understood
by the layman some interesting experiments proving that forests increase
the nitrogen content of the soil. He also states the opposing theories of
Boussingault and R. Hartig as to how this complex and little understood
process is carried on.

Forestry in America. 65

FOREST PATHOLOGY.

Parasitism of Phoradendron Jumiperinum Libocedri Engelm.
By PF. Meincke. Vol. VII) No.4.

In this article the author gives with scientific precision the details of
his study of this interesting and peculiar mistletoe. He discovered that
this plant, when it reaches a high age, lives without green exterior or-
gans, and concludes that from the beginning it normally abstracts not
only water and inorganic salts from the incense cedar, but organic food
as well. This conclusion, as he states, still needs anatomical proof.

Use of Soil Fungicides to Prevent Damping-Off of Coniferous
Seedlings. By Carl Hartley. Vol. VII, No. 1.

This article presents briefly the results of experiments at the Halsey
nursery in the sandhills of Nebraska, aiming to check the loss caused
by damping-off. Different acids were used in different strengths. The
results with sulphuric acid were satisfactory, but of course can not be
applied directly to other conditions. They, however, serve as a valu-
able suggestion for carrying on similar experiments elsewhere.

WOOD TECHNOLOGY.

The Philippines as a Source of General Construction Timber.
By Dr. H. N. Whitford. Vol. VI, No. 1.

The author gives a concise account of the commercially important tim-
bers of the Philippines; showing where they are found, the stand per
acre, and important technical qualities of each. He emphasizes the pre-
dominance of the Dipterocarp family of which the most important are
the lavans, the apitongs, and the yacals. It is interesting to note that
these forests, contrary to the popular idea, do not contain merely “hard,
durable timbers, scattered and hard to extract,” but large quantities of
cheap construction timbers. (For further information on the Philippines
see article by R. C. Bryant, Vol. II, No. 1.)

History of the Investigation of Vessels in Wood. By C. D.
Mell. Vol. VI, No. 1.

This article is a history of the investigation of vessels in wood, begin-
ning with Malpighi (1628-1694) to Von Mohl (1842), most space being
devoted to Von Mohl. The article contains no original researches, but
is a resumé of the investigations of European scientists, and, as such,
forms a useful contribution to this phase of wood technology.

GRAZING,

Grazing in the National Forests. By L. F. Kneipp. Vol. VII,
No. 2.

This paper deals with relationship between the live stock industry and
the National Forests, and the dependence of this industry upon the forage
which the Forests contain. The effect of grazing on the Forests, and of
forestry on grazing is mentioned, and the importance of not disturbing
the grazing industry is emphasized. The great benefits which the live
stock industry has received from regulation of the range by the Forest
Service are barely touched upon.

66 Forestry Quarterly.

Range Improvements and Improved Methods of Handling
Stock in National Forests. By J. T. Jardine. Vol. VII, No. 2.

Range management is one of the big problems of the Forest Service.
Mr. Jardine gives clearly the main fines of work; first, the improvement
of the forage crop, both through artificial reseeding (only practicable on
‘imited areas) and through natural reseeding by allowing the grass to pro-
duce seed before it is eaten, thus strengthening the plants, seeding the
area, and utilizing the forage at the same time; second, the study and
application of new methods of handling sheep, which both increase the
carrying capacity of the range, and the value of the sheep; third, experi-
ments to determine the effect of grazing on tree reproduction; fourth, a
grazing reconnaissance, to map and collect notes on the grazing resources
of the National Forests. The paper gives a glimpse of scientific grazing
work.

TRANSLATIONS.

Translations, in that they are not original articles, and do not
belong to American forestry are placed at the end. Since, how-
ever, they will be useful for reference, they are included.

A New Method of Planting. By Morris Kenzenik. Trans-
lated from the German by S. T. Dana and E. H. Frothingham.
Vol. TV, No: 2:

This article is well worth while knowing about, and adds greatly to the
American foresters’ knowledge of planting.

Experiments in the Preservation of Forest Seeds. By E.
Zederbauer. Translation by Max H. Foerster. Vol. VI, No. 1.

This article gives the results of some important German experiments in
preserving the germinating power of tree seed by different methods of
storage. The important point is to check as far as possible respiration
and transpiration. This is done by means of temperatures below centi-
grade, sufficient moisture, and, sometimes, by the exclusion of air with-
out using such low temperature.

CONCLUSION.

The foregoing papers show the subjects to which the Society
of American Foresters have given most attention. The strength
of Silvics and Silviculture stand out particularly since these are
subjects about which Americans must secure their own data and
build up their own practice. Utilization has two strong articles
which, it is hoped, are a sign of the connection which will even-
tually be established between the profession and the lumber in-
dustry,—a connection necessary for the welfare of both.

The papers taken in chronological order do not show a perfect
upward curve, some of the best papers appearing in the early
numbers, yet the general progress is noticeable. American for-
esters are more and more devoting themselves to specific prob-
lems, rather than generalities.

Alabama,
forests,
Appalachians, Southern
bibliography,
Bonds, timber,
Border cuttings, Wag-

yellow pine

ner’s method, ......
Brandis, Sir Dietrich,.
Brush and trees on
Crater Na-
tional For-
CStMee ices
s§ lands, use of
FeOEVES iin
clearing,
Business management

of National Forests,
California, water situ-
ALIONIS Mu sycpcne aa oe cats

forest re-
and __ prob-

i re ry

sources
lems,
Catalpa, distinction by
septum, :
Kansas planta-
{ONS are
Central Rocky Moun-
tain forests, silvicul-
tural management...
Chaparral on the Sis-
kiyou Na-
font
Forest,
watershed
cover in
Southern
@alitor=
nia,
Chemical pulp,
of alcohol,
China, deforestation,..
Damping off preven-

“ce

source

MER TIGIIN ISS how seetnea ns
Douglas fir, natural vs.
artificial regenera-
HONL Sst satiate.
Ecology, forest types
and plant forma-
HVOTIG Hy eintctens ttecrehs s

Education, problems...
Estimating timber,
Eucalyptus, growing of,
ce possibilities
in south-
ern Ari-
zona,

Forestry in America.

VII

VI
Ill
II

Vil
Vial
VI

Vil

Vil

VI

ew

Lal)

tt

INDEX.
oO
bb
oO
au
Experiment stations on
72 National Forests,
Fire control, better
173 methods, .....
58 “insurance in Ger-
FeNEHINA © Slowed 6 Hie
145 “problem on Flor-
4 ida National
OKeSty eee
“results in Rocky
Mountains,
212 Florida National For-
est problem, .......
Forestry, generaliza-
108 tion by Roosevelt, ..
Forest influences,
4I “ ce aren:
ey reserves, objec-
zo tions to in
noe Cal-
TLOLnIA yee
133 reserve policy,
Qo a pplication
and possibili-
CIES, ose les
a2 e types and plant
f ees ae
ecological,
106 . types, principles
in determin-
iba keane Mile
Qo ‘Fungicides in _ soil,
damping off preven-
EONS. Pcs ae Re
Grazing, improved
methods,
147 oan National
Forests,
129 Hawaii, forest prob-
141 Lermistanee a are
Insurance, forest fire
96 1 Germany eee
Way state cite wees
Loblolly and shortleaf
187 pine, management,. .
Lodgepole pine, repro-
duction,
50 5 pine, silvical
48 notes,
114 Log scale in theory
109 and) practice, wasneet
Log scales, standard-
IZATION ncehiorcnce sts one
Longleaf Pine yield,
08 Libro ae Mh Ae ANS ea

IV

Ny

Ls)

~

LS)

i)

41

50

Lumbering, influence
on forestry,
Management, prelimin-
ary in Southwest,
Mapping and estimat-
ing, methods in
Maryland, AES AGoNS
Marking timber, silvi-
cultural results of,. .
Michigan, planting ex-
PELIMENtS ese eee
Middle West,
DLODIEMS Meee eee
Minnesota National
Forest, cuttings,
National Forests—
business management,
(Minnesota ) —
cuttings,
experiment
tions,
(Florida) —
fire problem,
grazing,
regulation of cut,.
(Pacific Coast )—
sales of timber,
working plans,
(Pacific Coast, N.—
W.)—
working plans, ...
Nitrogen gathered by
POLESESF ee eeeneeaton:
Nursery practice, prob-
lems,

forest

ry

Pennsylvania, State
forestry and _ the
Pup eh se. rees

Philippines, forest
PLODIEIIS Meer:
Philippines, source of
construction timber,.
Phoradendron juniper-
inum libocedri, para-
SIGISMiny acne eee
Picea _ sitchensis of
fi Md ey et ge PSE
Pinus contorta repro-
Guction eon eee
Pinus contorta silvical
notes,
Pinus palustris of Ala-
Dama warreetekas hore eee
Pinus ponderosa, silvi-
cultural systems,
Pmus sabiniana, eco-
nomic possibilities,

Forestry Quarterly.

Vol.

Vil

Vil

VII
VI

fy
Boe
if Cy/
I 107
2 196
I 18
2 205
IT 90
I 100
ie dy be
I 100
L222
2 166
21853
I IOI
I 42

III
1, "16
t. 030
I 42
TOA:
ere)
ff = (oy
es 5
2 226
1 &
Te
ree72
2 168
r 68

Pinus taeda and Pinus
echmata, manage-
MIEN GY eicys eacsecotacenerene

Planting, experiments

in northern Michi-
Pan. hoe eye tee Marea

Planting, experiments
in. sandhills) 22-2

Planting, new method,

Policy of forest re-
serves, application
and possibilities,

Prairies, why treeless,.

Bablieutandss nee

Pulp, chemical, source
Orealcoholeae eee

Railroads, relation to
LORCSHIyA) Mates

Reconnaissance, new
TOKE WIMOUIS Soo gobasac

Red firs, synopsis of,. .

Redwood, management,

Regulation of cut—
MethOdSTOI esate
on National For-

ESES SA ential treraniere

Sales of timber—
in Southwest,
National Forests of

Pacific Coast,

Sample plots, establish-
IMETIE RS ate e eters

Sandhill planting ex-
SMITA Ghoohasoc

Seeds, preservation of,

Seed production—
discussion’ ose rere
Study eepence seyret

Selection system,

Sequoia sempervirens,
management, “22...

Shakes, making in Cal-
APOLHIAY Himsa eee

Shortleaf and loblolly
pine, management,
Sierras, system of
management, .......
Silviculture, American,

3 L, odgepole
Pine,
results of
marking
timber,
virgin for-
ests,

ae

Vol.

II
Ill

“) ee
lo)

Fs AO
I &4
2 205
ut Ge
2 221
2 QI
3 158
2158
2 120
I 30
Ls vet
2 184
I 104
ey th
I IOI
if Wile
I 42
I 63
i)
I g2
i hi

133
regia
I 104

2 I51
1 &
7 el08
I 20
1 82
Tet
2 &2

- W estern
Y ellow
Pine,
Sitka spruce of Alaska,
Soil acidity, relation
(WO) (MENG, Sudcacoare
Southern Appalach-
ians, bibliography,
Southern yellow pine
of Alabama,

State, forestry prob-
LOT Sie Set eee aa:
Streamflow, effect of

surface conditions, .
Streamflow, forest in-
fluence experiment,.
Taxation of forests,..
Thinnings, strip, .....

Timber for construc-
tion, from
Philippines,

sales,

Forestry in America.

Vol.

Vil
Vil

vil
VI

IV
VII

Le At coe I oe

Tolerance and intoler-
ance, new
planation,

further con-
siderations

Topography, getting in

western Cascades, ..
Virgin forests, silvi-
cultures eines cee

Western yellow pine,
silvicultural systems,
Willow for baskets in
Germany,
Wood, investigations
in vessels of,.
“preservation,
Working plans—
essentials for
tional Forests,
National Forests on
Pacific Northwest,
Yellow pine forests,
Alabama,
Yield, longleaf pine in
Texas,

Na-

Vol.

II
Ill

VII

IV

No.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

MUNIN
0 29 9

®
00 4

021 9