111111; pm j HI j is?5 J^^HiHiHIi ^^HBBl ^^f iii i hfifl mim jUiM! Hf) ififfig i iB^^ THE FORESTS OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY MASSACHUSETTS STATE FORESTER 1918 BOSTON WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS 32 DERNE STREET 1918 focsK-r, kv*C« BRIO — *^ J Z£v* S/V, -' ^m^' x* ^ \ y?\ : \/o^ L r oc-\/; V ,T&« ,^1 J& r *i •^ JK ! ----- ---- 7 /^ R E M /Ms^ CUP" V ISXlOLJThH . THE FORESTS OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY The Results of a Forest Survey OF THE Twenty-seven Towns in the County By JAMES J. MORRIS Under the direction of F. W. RANE, State Forester MASSACHUSETTS STATE FORESTER, 1918 BOSTON WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS 32 DERNE STREET 1918 PUBLICATION OF THIS DOCUMENT APPROVED BY THE SUPERVISOR OF ADMINISTRATION. FOREWORD. We are presenting herewith the results of the forest survey of Plymouth County, the second county to be so studied. The field work of collecting the data here included was carried out under the general direction of Mr. P. D. Kneeland, M.F., assistant forester in charge of utilization, while the crew in the field was in charge of Mr. H. E. Henshaw. The work of com- pilation and of arranging the data in the form of a bulletin was undertaken by Mr. James J. Morris. The facts developed in these county surveys are now tabu- lated for the first time, and cannot be arrived at in any other manner. It is believed that they will prove valuable to those interested in our present and future forestry development. F. W. RANE, State Forester. THE FORESTS OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY. EXPLANATION OF SURVEY. The survey of the several towns of Plymouth County is the second work of this kind attempted by the State forestry department. The other survey, that of Worcester County, was carried on at odd times, and extended over a period of three years. The data were collected and published last winter in the form of a bulletin, which was entitled " The Forests of Worcester County." In the Worcester County bulletin the reasons for making forest surveys of the different counties of Massachusetts were explained in detail, but it will not be amiss here to review briefly some of the main reasons. Every manufacturing concern or business of any kind at some time or other takes an inventory of its stock. Without such an inventory no business can be carried on to the best advantage. The stock, or raw material, of forestry work is forest land, and since the State forestry department of Massa- chusetts is just what its name implies, the raw material with which this department must deal is the forest lands of Massa- chusetts. If the woodlands of Massachusetts were made up of but one or two species of trees, or if the various species of trees were all of the same height or diameter size, this inventory would be a comparatively simple matter. But such conditions do not exist. Scattered throughout the State are many different kinds of trees differing greatly in importance, value, life habits, etc., from each other. Moreover, since the woodlands have been repeat- edly cut over at different times for many years, we find existing a variegated collection of trees of all sizes and conditions; in fact, nearly every woodlot differs to a greater or less extent from others. METHOD or SURVEY. In Worcester County each town was covered by one man, who did all the field work. In Plymouth County the men worked in a crew, each man covering a certain assigned section of the town which was being mapped. When one town was finished the men moved on to the next. There were several distinct advantages in this arrangement. Since the men camped in tents it was possible for them to choose a central location for their camp site and thus save time, inasmuch as in going to and from their work they were not obliged to cover the same ground as they would have been had they stopped at a farmhouse or hotel in one corner of the town, as was often the case in Worcester County. The cost of the survey was also lighter, the only expense incurred being for foodstuffs, since the men and camp equipment were moved from place to place by one of the department trucks. For the main part, however, the methods followed in making this survey were similar to those followed in Worcester County. The men worked by compass and pace, using a copy of the United States topographical map as a guide map for each town. Each man would start at some convenient point on a road or edge of a pond and run a straight line through to the town line and then back to the opposite town line on a course parallel to the first, but one-half mile distant. Care was taken when laying off these parallel lines to have them cut the roads so far as possible; that is, if the majority of the roads in a cer- tain town ran in an easterly and westerly direction the strips were run in a northerly and southerly direction, or vice versa. Cutting the roads in this manner enabled the men to get a truer idea of the actual forest conditions, and it was possible to obtain a more accurate average, because if the strips were run in the general direction of the roads some of them would paral- lel the roads, and since in most cases the type found along the roadsides, which is largely tillage, is not typical of the land lying a few hundred feet farther in, the data obtained in this way would not be trustworthy, as the lines would show an amount of farm and tillage land out of proportion to actual conditions. For convenience and brevity in the field, symbols representing the various types, diameter classes, moth infestations, etc., were used. These symbols are somewhat similar to those used in the previous survey. The map work of each town has been com- pleted, and photographic enlargements of the topographical maps used as a base are to be found at the office of the State Forester. These maps show the strip lines which were run in each town, and contain a symbolic explanation of the different types, size classes, etc. Tables containing summaries computed from the information obtained from the field work are. contained in this bulletin. The following diagram may serve to illustrate the method used in making this survey: - Map of northern section of Rockland, showing method of survey. Lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, running approximately east and west, represent strip lines one-half mile apart. On Line 1, and near the top of the plate, are the symbols "E S 5, 1600V Consult- ing the legend we learn that along this line for a distance of 1,600 feet were found oak and birch of sprout size in mixture, the number 5 representing the size class. Oak predominates, since the letter "E," representing oak, precedes the letter "S," representing birch. FOREST TYPES. On account of the difference in topographical and climatic conditions, the types of Plymouth County vary to a consider- able extent from those of Worcester County. Following is a list of types used and a brief explanation of each:- Wliite Pine. — This type consists of white pine in pure stands, that is, in stands made up of 80 per cent, or more of the one species. There is still a considerable amount of this type found throughout the county in spite of repeated cuttings and fires. It may be safely stated that there are several million feet of this type of good merchantable size, although it is some- what scattered and found as a rule in stands of small areas. '/ Pine and Oak. — Stands of this kind are made up of 70 per cent, or more of white pine and oak in mixture. It is a com- mon type. Sometimes the proportion of oak is greater than that of pine, while at other times there is about an equal amount of each. In all cases, however, the oak and pine in combination form at least 70 per cent, of the total stand, the remainder being made up of maple, pitch pine and unimportant hardwoods. This type is generally found on the higher gravelly lands. Pine and Maple. — Substituting maple for the oak, this type is similar to the preceding. It is not so common as that of the pine and oak, and is generally found in low or swampy lands. Oak. — This forms the largest type. It embraces stands made up of 80 per cent, or more of oak. A very large pro- portion in size class 5 is made up of the so-called scrub oak. More than one-half of the total for the county is of a diameter size too small for cordwood. There is, however, a considerable amount large enough for saw-logs. Maple (Swamp Type). — Consists of nearly pure stands of maple. This type is found on low, wet land, and is fairly com- mon. A good proportion is made up of species of cordwood size, with a moderate representation of the larger size classes. Pitch Pine Type. — Next to the oak this is the largest indi- 9 vidual type found. It is found in all size classes, but more than 50 per cent, consists of the No. 5, or smallest, class. It is often found in pure stands, but generally contains some other tree in mixture. Scrub oak is its most common associate. SIZE CLASSES. In the Worcester County survey but four size classes were used. As an experiment it was decided in the Plymouth survey to split the Xo. 4 size in two, thus forming five size classes, and differentiating the small brush from saplings. Except for for- estry purposes, such as determining more exactly the type of land on which planting might be done without preliminary brushing, the result does not warrant the distinction.. Follow- ing is an explanation of the various classes: — No. 1 forms the largest size class, and contains species whose diameters breast high average 10 inches or better, and whose height will average 60 to 80 feet. No. 2 represents trees whose average diameters run from 8 to 10 inches, and whose height will average about 50 to 70 feet. No. 3 constitutes the cordwood size, and species of this class average about 5 inches in diameter and 40 to 50 feet in height. No. 4 embraces saplings and small cordwood, or thrash. Trees falling in this diameter class average about 2 inches in diameter and 30 to 40 'feet in height. No. 5 is formed of very young sprout or stunted growth, such as scrub oak, stunted pitch pine, etc. In no case do the diameters run higher than 2 inches. NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and Hay. — Land covered by this heading is all under cultivation. Included in this type is all the farming and agri- cultural land, with the exception of pasture and cranberry bogs. Pasture. — In the Worcester survey much land which could not be classed exactly as No. 5 forest type, owing to the small amount of wood growth on it, and yet which was not actually used as grazing land, was classed as brush pasture. In this survey the heading "Pasture" includes only such lands as are actually used as such. This accounts to a certain 10 extent for the great difference in the pasture totals of Worcester and Plymouth counties. Water. — All inland waters fall under this classification: ponds, lakes, rivers and brooks. The figures are a little lower than those of the Waterways Commission, but considering the necessarily rough method in which they were obtained the results are very satisfactory. Residential. — This term explains itself. It also includes business sections, cemeteries, fair grounds, etc. Cranberry Bog. — Much of the low, mucky lands along streams is suitable for the raising of cranberries, and advantage has been taken of this fact. The area covered by these bogs, although almost negligible as compared to the total area of the county, is, nevertheless, worthy of mention because of the im- portance of the product. Marsh. — This term has been used to cover two distinct types. In seacoast towns it applies to salt marsh, while in inland towns it covers the open swamps. PLYMOUTH COUNTY. Plymouth County lies in the southeast corner of Massa- chusetts, just north of Cape Cod. It contains approximately 440,000 acres. Plymouth, a town of about 13,000 population, situated on the coast in the central and eastern part, is the county seat. Brockton is the commercial center, and is im- portant from an industrial standpoint. Other important towns are Middleborough, Whitman, Bridgewater and Rockland. All of these towns contain manufactories of various kinds, princi- pally shoes. In the western part the Cape Cod branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad runs in a northerly and southerly direction the entire length of the county, while another branch follows the eastern coast line as far south as Plymouth. A line of the same road running east and west con- nects Plymouth and Middleborough, and in the north a con- necting line runs to Plymouth. Electric roads traverse the county in various directions, connecting all the principal cities and towns. On the whole, it may be said that the railroad facilities in the county are good, except in the southern part. = 11 The products of the county are many and varied. Among the most important may be mentioned shoes, rope, cotton cloth, rubber products, boxes, crates, shooks and shoemaking tools. The important farming products are hay, potatoes, cranber- ries and miscellaneous vegetables. Dairying is not now a very important industry, and is becoming less so year after year. Stock and poultry raising is practiced to a slight extent. Along the seashore are many fine summer resorts. Hundreds of fine residences have been built, and these resorts are con- stantly attracting people in larger numbers to enjoy the ocean nery for which the shores of eastern and southern Plymouth County are justly famous. Topography and Soils. Running practically the entire eastern length of the county, along the coast, and extending inland roughly about 5 miles, is a strip of rolling, knobby land with basin-like intervales. The hills are mostly rounded, irregular of distribution, and in very rare cases rise beyond 100 feet in altitude. This strip is made up of, a terminal moraine, and is more rugged than the other sections of the county. The remainder, which means practically the whole of the county, is made up of a level to gentle rolling topography. The elevation of the hills ranges from 100 to 200 feet. Numerous ponds abound, among the principal of which may be mentioned Assawompsett, Long Pond and Quittacas, all situated mainly or in part in the town of Lakeville. Several swamps of large areas also occur, the Great Cedar Swamps of Bridgewater and Middleborough being the most important. The drainage of the county is effected mainly through several small rivers and their tributaries. TheWeweantic River drains to the south into Buzzards Bay. The Taunton River, empty- ing into Mount Hope Bay, drains part of the western and cen- tral areas. Weir and Fresh rivers are the principal streams in the north, while North, South and Jones rivers drain to the east. Other important streams are the Mattapoisett, Wankinco, Agawam and Sippican. Many of the ponds and lakes through- out the county have no apparent outlet, and it is possible, par- ticularly so in the eastern section, that they empty into the ocean through a subterranean flow which drains to a consider- able extent the whole country. Monk's Hill in Kingston is the highest elevation in the county. The soils of the northern part of Plymouth County are mostly a light to heavy fine sandy loam, with outcroppings of granite, gneiss and schist. Much of this soil is forested, but that which is cultivated produces good and various crops. The sandier and stony types are found mostly in pastures. Although the larger part of the soils of the central and south- ern sections are also sandy loam, they are coarser than those of the northern section, and carry a considerable amount of gravel and fine pebbles. Through Plymouth, Wareham and Middle- borough deposits of muck occur. This soil is used extensively for growing cranberries, and, as shown in the tables, quite a sizable area is under cultivation. Forest Conditions. In the reports of the overseers of the earlier Plymouth County settlements reference is often made to the forests, but such ref- erences contain very scanty information as to their composition. It is probable, however, that at the time of the landing of the Pilgrims the greater part of the county was forested with large and thrifty virgin stands of white and pitch pine, oak and maple, — pine in uplands, oak and maple in lowlands. We know that much of the pine was cut and shipped to England to be used for masts for the English navy, and also that England depended to a large extent upon New England pitch pine for her naval stores. The original forest types exist to-day, but in a much depleted condition. Over large areas fires have swept repeatedly, burn- ing off the humus — the forest floor covering — and greatly im- poverishing the soil in many sections. Erom these fire-swept areas the original white or pitch pine stands have disappeared, and in their places are growths of scrub pitch pine and oak. Throughout the greater portion of the county, however, white pine can be grown, and areas now given over to scrub oak should be reforested. On the sandier areas Scotch and good 13 grade pitch pine could be grown with success. In fact, refor- estation has been carried on successfully in nearly all parts of the county. The State Forest Commission has recently ac- quired a tract of several thousand acres of land in the town of Carver, and this department is planting large quantities of white and Scotch pine there every year. As mentioned above, white pine of good grade is still found in fair quantities and in pure stands distributed throughout the county. It may be well to regard briefly the distribution of the various types. Practically all of the types are universally distributed, and in nearly every case all of the various size classes are found in each town. The towns of Bridgewater, Hingham and Pembroke contain the highest percentages of white pine, while Abington, Plymouth, Rockland, Wareham and West Bridgewater contain the smallest. Good stands of the first quality may be found in all the towns, but Whitman, Scituate, Abington and Hanover are poorest in this respect. It may be stated here that these towns contain very little of the best quality of any of the different types. Plymouth shows the highest proportion of forested land (82.5 per cent.), but there are several other towns containing 70 per cent, or more of forest growth. These towns are Carver, Han- over, Hanson, Kingston, Lakeville, Marion, Mattapoisett, Middleborough, Norwell, Pembroke and Plympton. Brockton, Hingham, Marshfield, Scituate and Whitman have the smallest percentages of wooded areas. The best oak is found in largest proportional quantities in Marion, Mattapoisett, Middleborough, Plymouth, Rochester and Scituate. Maple is found mostly in cord wood sizes, but stands of first- class stock may be found in Lakeville, Marion, Mattapoisett, Middleborough, Nor well, Pembroke, Rochester and Scituate. The best stands of pitch pine occur in Carver, Duxbury, Kingston, Mattapoisett, Marion, Plymouth, Rochester and Wareham, all seacoast towns with the exception of Carver and Rochester, which are sandy plains. Of the non-forest types West Bridgewater contains the high- est proportion of agricultural land. Others of the larger culti- 14. vated areas are Bridgewater, East Bridge water, Hanover, Hing- ham, Scituate and Whitman. Brockton and Whitman contain the largest proportional resi- dential areas, although Plymouth and Middleborough have actual residential areas larger than Whitman. Abington, WThitman and Hingham contain the largest pro- portional amount of pasture land. Marshfield, Marion and Carver have large amounts of marsh land, Marshfield, as the name suggests, having by far the great- est area of this salt marsh. The largest and best cranberry bogs are found in Carver and Wareham, while Lakeville contains more actual water area than any other town in the county. Moth Infestation. Since Plymouth County contains such a proportionately large amount of oak as compared to other sections of the State, we would naturally draw the conclusion that the moth infesta- tion must be exceptionally large. This, however, is not true. Conditions here, with the exception of the town of Plymouth, are not much worse than those throughout the eastern part of Massachusetts, and at the present time the moth situation is such that, with careful supervision and a reasonable expendi- ture of money for spraying purposes, it may be kept well under control. There are, however, large tracts of land forested with oak of poor quality, not large enough for cordwood and with little chance of being so for some years to come, that present a seriou problem. These lots, most of them located in the southern p of the county, are situated far away from the centers, and account of the poor quality of the wood, and its distance from market, spraying is out of the question because of the expense entailed. These lots should be clean brushed and reforested with white or Scotch pine. The State forestry department has not at the present time the money to do this work, and any- thing that is attempted along this line must be done by the owners of the lands in question. 15 Forest Fire Protection. The destructive fires which have raged over the entire Cape country, including the southern part of Plymouth County, have caused very serious damage to forest growth. Indeed, fire has been the most serious enemy of timber propagation in this sec- tion. The geographic location of this part of the State, together with the high winds which prevail at certain periods of the year, are conditions which make each small brush fire a poten- tial holocaust. This fire menace has been recognized for a long time by the residents of the Cape counties and by the State Forester's department. A fire tower was constructed in Plymouth by that town in 1905. In 1911 the office of State Fire Warden was established, and since then towers have been erected on high points in the towns of Kingston, Hanson, Hingham and Middle- borough. These towers, with the addition of that in Bourne in Barnstable County, now cover the entire area of Plymouth County, and statistics from the State Fire Warden's reports show that the fire damage in this section has been reduced about 75 per cent, since their erection. Forest Industries. The shoe manufacturing and cranberry raising industries require very large amounts of wood in the manufacture of boxes, crates and barrels for the shipment of their products. Practically all of the wood used is obtained from the county. In nearly every town may be found mills which saw 100,000 board feet or more of pine and oak each "year. Many of these mills turn out the finished product, — boxes, crates, or barrels, as the case may be, — but a considerable number simply supply the boards, while others deliver their product in the form of shooks. The logs in almost all cases are cut short and bought locally by the cord, and are sawn into f-inch boards, which is the standard dimension for box boards. In addition to the manufacture of boxes, etc., several of these sawmills do custom work, but there is nowhere near so much of this done now as in former years. In one important respect the sawmills of Plymouth County differ from those located in other parts of the State. They are 16 permanent. Logs are hauled to them by truck or shipped by rail. Were it not for the many destructive fires, the fact that these mills are permanent ones might have had a powerful effect in influencing the forest types. Before a portable mill owner sets up his mill on a lot he must be sure that there are at least 200,000 feet of stock in the immediate vicinity that he can cut. Moving and setting up his mill to cut under that amount would hardly pay him unless the stock was exceptionally good. When large tracts of land are cut over a change in forest conditions naturally results. New species, generally hardwoods, take the place of the old. These hardwoods, which grow very rapidly during their earlier years, shade and choke out the young reproduction of the conifers recently cut, and after a few years a stand of hardwoods, often of inferior quality, occupies the land formerly forested with pine or other valuable trees. Where the mills are permanent, as in Plymouth County, the owner of a woodlot is not obliged to cut his lot clean. He can take out a few trees one year, haul them to the mill, and the following year cut out a few more. When a stand is cut gradually in this way the type under- goes no serious change, since the reproduction is generally the same as the original trees. To sum up the whole thing in a few words, permanent mills foster a system of selective cutting, and have a tendency to pre- serve the original species and types, while portable mills in many cases, through clean cutting, bring about a decided change in both. Poplar makes an ideal wood for staves, and as an experi- ment the State Forest Commission has set out about 40,000 poplar cuttings on the State reservation in Carver. White pine is the species most used in the manufacture of box boards, but of late years pitch pine is being substituted to some extent. Stock for barrel staves is in some cases shipped from outside the State, some of it being loblolly pine from Virginia. Much of the stock, however, is obtained locally, and consists of pine and poplar with oak and maples for headings. Oak is used in the manufacture of piling and mine props. These products are used in the construction of docks, wharves, etc. No attention has been given to cedar in the various tables, 17 but nevertheless quite a little of this species is found in isolated sections of the county, and generally in swamps. This wood is used in the manufacture of shingles, and on rare occasions for barrels. It is also used for posts and poles. The manufacture of lobster pots may be classed as a special industry. Oak and white pine are used in this product, and there are several concerns engaged in their manufacture. Some years ago charcoal was produced in large quantities in various parts of Plymouth County. This industry has practi- cally disappeared. Last year this department undertook the manufacture of charcoal as an experiment in the town of Mashpee. The lot was made up entirely of oak of poor quality and small size class, and the wood was too far away from a market to be put profitably into cordwood. Three pits were maintained, and about 40,000 bushels of charcoal were pro- duced. It was thought that charcoal made from oak would not sell readily, but no trouble was experienced in disposing of the entire production in near-by towns; in fact, double the quantity •could easily have been gotten rid of. In this experiment about 40 bushels of charcoal were produced from each cord of wood. Mashpee is not a town in Plymouth County, and therefore these remarks are somewhat irrelevant, but they are made because of the fact that scattered throughout Plymouth County are hundreds of acres of scraggly oak and pine too far away from a market to be cut profitably for fuel, which the results of the experiment cause us to believe could be burned for charcoal and disposed of for at least a small profit. So far as we know there is but one man in the county engaged in the manufacture of charcoal at the present time. A bulletin containing more detailed information in regard to this experiment will be issued from the office of the State Forester in the near future. Other forest products of Plymouth County are pin wood, mallet heads, ship timbers, wagon stock and hardwood rollers. In this bulletin is included a list of the sawmill operators of the county, which gives information regarding their production, stock used, etc. This list is as complete as it was possible for us to make it in the limited time we had at our disposal. Following are the percentage sheets of 26 towns in the county. The town of Hull was not considered at all in making the survey, as there is not enough wood growth there to war- 18 rant it. These tables show the proportion of forest land to non-forest land, and also the relative proportions of the indi- vidual types of the forested areas. The tables alone could not be made to show the proportion of the separate type size classes, so they have been supplemented by diagrams from which may be formed an idea of the relative amounts of mer- chantable and non-merchantable timber of each type in each town. In these diagrams the proportion of non-merchantable sizes is represented by the inked portion of each line. In arranging these diagrams size classes 1 and 2 of the white pine and pitch pine types were combined and classed as mer- chantable, while in the remainder of the types classes 1, 2 and 3 were combined and classified in the same way. The remain- der of the size classes was combined in each type and classed as non-merchantable. It will be noticed from this explanation that in the case of the hardwoods and mixed hardwoods and pine, class 3, or cordwood class, has been listed as merchantable, while in the case of the pines only classes 1 and 2, containing lumber large enough for saw logs, were so listed. FOREST TYPES AND ACREAGE IN 26 TOWNS IN PLYMOUTH COUNTY. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. 1 2 3 4 5 Total. Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 4,184 5,862 6,439 3,747 2,126 22,358 7.4 - Pine and oak, . 6,612 8,678 18,529 15,004 8,930 57,753 19.0 - Pine and maple, 2,362 3,654 5,613 3,593 836 16,058 5.3 - Oak type, . ... 5,337 9,956 24,615 30,669 24,321 94,898 31.2 - Maple type, 1,101 6,282 15,048 19,215 5,652 47,298 15.5 - Pitch pine type, 1,879 4,126 8,501 11,271 39,991 65,768 21.6 - Total, .... 21,475 38,558 78,745 83,499 81,856 304,133 69 1 Per cent 7.1 12.7 25.8 27.5 26.9 100.0 NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 67,612 - 15.3 Pasture 16 607 3 8 Residential 18,565 _ 4.2 Water, 14,101 - 3.2 Cranberry bog, 8,550 - 1.9 Marsh, 10,998 - 2.5 Total area of 26 towns, 440,566 - 100.0 19 p; » vie. Pine Pine&Maple. Oak NON-FOREST V. PiUVi Pi'ne, SHOW\NG PROPORTION OF LAND TYPES FOUND \N PLYMOUTH COUNTY • 20 ABINGTON. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, - 50 56 63 - 169 4.6 - Pine and oak, . - 31 38 - 182 251 6.9 - Pine and maple, 38 - 19 75 - 132 3.6 - Oak type, . . ' . - 63 427 251 1,330 2,071 56.6 - Maple (swamp type), - 44 182 414 257 897 24.5 - Pitch pine, - - - 25 113 138 3.8 - Total, .... 38 188 722 828 1,882 3,658 - 56.4 Per cent., . 1.1 5.2 19.7 22.6 51.4 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, ' 1,263 - 19.5 Pasture, 702 _ 10.8 709 10 9 Water 100 1 5 Marsh .... 56 9 Total area of town 6,488 - 100.0 A ta I n ft-l-O V\ WVu-te. Pme. Pine & Oak. Pme & Mdf^e. Pi'^rch Piwe- S — 21 BRIDGEWATER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 202 185 330 174 856 1,747 15.4 - Pine and oak, . 121 318 659 572 885 2,555 22.6 - Pine and maple, 46 64 532 376 185 1,203 10.6 - Oak type 115 445 492 416 382 1,850 16.3 - Maple (swamp) type, 40 162 625 1,319 752 2,898 25.6 - Pitch pine, - - 23 87 972 1,082 9.5 - Total 524 1,174 2,661 2,944 4,032 11,335 - 62.9 Per cent., . 4.6 10.3 23.5 26 35.6 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay 4,346 . 24.1 Pasture, 839 4 7 Residential, ...... 544 3 0 Water 515 2 9 Marsh, 434 2 4 Total area of town 18,013 - 100.0 22 BROCKTON. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, . . . i. 130 161 78 52 150 571 8.5 -. Pine and oak, . 114 161 171 192 62 700 10.4 - Pine and maple, - 83 150 - 52 285 4.2 - Oak type, .... 130 228 638 830 907 2,733 40.5 - Maple (swamp) type, - 119 342 767 539 1,767 26.2 - Pitch pine, - - - 83 601 684 10.2 - Total 374 752 1,379 1,924 2,311 6,740 - 49.1 Percent 5.6 11.1 20.5 28.5 34.3 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 2,411 - 17.5 716 _ 5.2 Residential 3,733 27 1 Water, 21 2 Marsh, ... 124 9 Total area of town, 13,745 - 100.0 BroC VYH tt&Pme Pi we 23 CARVER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. Totnl PER CENT. 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 302 604 685 705 - 2,296 12.4 - Pine and oak, . - 1,281 2,260 2,621 - 6,162 33.2 - Pine and maple, 163 1,016 846 622 - 2,647 14.3 _ Oak type, .... 36 24 65 812 - 937 5.1 - Maple (swamp) type, 24 496 729 1,257 - 2,506 13.5 - Pitch pine, - 314 500 3,181 - 3,995 21.5 - Total, . . m . 525 3,735 5,085 9,198 - 18,543 - 73.2 Per cent., . 2.8 20.1 27.4 49.7 - - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay 1,667 _ 6.6 Pasture 667 2.6 Residential, 121 - .5 Water, .... 761 3.0 Cranberry bog, 3,574 - 14.1 Total area of town, 25,333 - 100.0 Total for eil Area Pi we- Pi w 24 DUXBURY. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 444 233 391 42 127 1,237 11.7 - Pine and oak, . 317 550 1,004 581 222 2,674 25.3 - Pine and maple, 63 95 275 127 - 560 5.3 - Oak type, .... 254 412 1,216 1,164 560 3,606 34.1 - Maple (swamp) type, - 201 180 729 - 1,110 10.5 - Pitch pine, 53 359 349 307 317 1,385 13.1 - Total 1,131 1,850 3,415 2,950 1,226 10,572 - 67.4 Per cent., . 10.7 17.5 32.3 27.9 11.6 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay 2,729 17 4 Pasture, 784 5 0 Residential, 847 - 5.4 Water, . 314 2.0 Cranberry bog, 408 - 2.6 Marsh 31 _ .2 Total area of town, 15,685 - 100.0 D \j x t> fine ite R«e- 25 EAST BRIDGEWATER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. 1 2 3 4 5 Total. Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 75 98 230 310 17 730 10.6 - Pine and oak, . - 40 184 252 396 872 12.7 - Pine and maple, - - 52 149 - 201 2.9 - Oak type 34 120 287 1,308 1,130 2,879 41.8 - Maple (swamp) type, 23 161 361 689 625 1,859 26.9 - Pitch pine, - - 11 - 339 350 5.1 - Total 132 419 1,125 2,708 2,507 6,891 - 60.8 Percent., . 1.9 6.1 16.3 39.3 36.4 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 3,284 - 28.9 Pasture, 648 5 7 Residential, . 270 2 4 Water, 143 1 3 Marsh 103 g Total area of town, 11,339 - 100.0 few foot Aw ne. Oak Maple. 26 HALIFAX. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 139 278 285 110 102 914 12.5 - Pine and oak, . 22 22 922 - 146 1,112 15.2 - Pine and maple, - 102 241 - - 343 4.7 - Oak type - 66 666 878 1,222 2,832 38.7 - Maple (swamp) type, - 44 644 322 51 1,061 14.5 - Pitch pine, - - - - 1,053 1,053 14.4 - Total, ." v '.'-:•> 161 512 2,758 1,310 2,574 7,315 - 65.8 Per cent., . 2.2 7 37.7 17.9 35.2 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage 1,857 _ . 16 7 Pasture 278 2.5 89 .8 \Vater 889 8.0 Cranberry bog 222 - 2.0 Marsh 467 - 4.2 11,117 - 100.0 HA! i S AY 1o<*l fores* Are* v/h\*t R-ne. Pine&OAK ri we, & Maple 0*k Maf^e. PiHKftne. • =1 —= 27 HANOVER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 13 205 271 221 - 710 9.6 - Pine and oak, . - 33 545 678 - 1,256 17.0 - Pine and maple, - 20 443 638 - 1,101 15.0 - Oak type, .... - 53 1,044 1,481 - 2,578 35.0 - Maple (swamp) type, - 46 588 978 - 1,612 21.8 - Pitch pine, - - 59 66 - 125 1.6 - Total, .... 13 357 2,950 4,062 - 7,382 - 73.8 Per cent., . .2 4.8 40 55 - - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay 2,221 - 22.2 Pasture 26 _ 3 Residential , . 377 _ 3.7 Total area of town, 10,006 - 100.0 ircd fine $ Maple. Oak PttcX Pine, 28 HANSON. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 69 176 195 365 63 868 12.3 - Pine and oak, . - 19 208 309 391 927 13.1 - Pine and maple, - 19 208 - - 227 3.2 - Oak type, .... - 290 788 1,430 800 3,308 47.0 - Maple (swamp) type, 82 38 586 668 189 1,563 22.2 - Pitch pine, - - - - 158 158 2.2 - Total, .... 151 542 1,985 2,772 1,601 7,051 - 70 Per cent., . 2.1 7.7 28.2 39.3 22.7 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 1,655 - 16.3 Pasture, 422 4 2 Water, 479 _ 4.6 Cranberry bog, 265 - 2.6 Marsh, 252 2 3 Total area of town 10,124 - 100.0 | H A vi SO VI loi V 0 We. Total for &st Are a Pine, R«etO4k Pine & Maple rS& PiUK Pine, 13 — ' 38 PLYMOUTH. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 163 54 218 54 - 489 .9 - Pine and oak, . 436 381 1,526 981 2,070 5,394 9.9 - Oak type 272 1,362 3,269 2,397 3,978 11,278 20.7 - Pitch pine and scrub oak, 708 1,417 3,433 4,413 27,353 37,324 68.5 - Total, .... 1,579 3,214 8,446 7,845 33,401 54,485 82 5 Percent., . 2.9 5.9 15.5 14.4 61.3 100.0 NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 5,020 _ 7.6 Pasture, 330 .5 Residential 1 783 2 7 Water 3 500 5 3 Cranberry bog, .......... 726 1 i Marsh, 198 - .3 Total area of town, 66,042 .- 100.0 P\ V YVl 0 \J VWl WForesfArc* Pme, fmefe0*k fMWfcrubfoi r 39 PLYMPTOX. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. Total PER CENT. 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 240 278 308 75 113 1,014 13.5 - Pine and oak, . 353 330 667 225 120 1,695 22.6 - Pine and maple, 75 120 173 158 105 631 8.4 - Oak type, .... 83 188 1,019 743 728 2,761 36.8 - Maple (swamp) type, - 60 532 458 188 1,238 16.5 - Pitch pine, 30 23 30 - 83 166 2.2 - Total 781 999 2,729 1,659 1,337 7,505 - 77.2 Percent 10.4 13.3 36.4 22.1 17.8 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. 1,486 _ 15.3 331 3.4 Water, ... .... 39 .4 Cranberry bog, ........... 185 1 9 Marsh 175 1 8 Total area of town, 9,721 - 100.0 P\ Pine, P»nel Oak 40 ROCHESTER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 338 338 596 113 48 1,433 8.9 - Pine and oak, . 934 918 1,255 386 741 4,234 26.3 - Pine and maple, 580 370 306 145 - 1,401 8.7 - Oak type 1,240 547 998 612 1,208 4,605 28.6 - Maple (swamp) type, 193 757 773 885 628 3,236 20.1 - Pitch pine, 419 467 64 177 64 1,191 7.4 - Total, .... 3,704 3,397 3,992 2,318 2,689 16,100 - 69.8 Per cent., . 23 21.1 24.8 14.4 16.7 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay 3,206 13 9 Pasture, 1,107 4 8 Residential, ...... ..... 323 1 4 Water 1,338 - 5.8 Cranberry bog, 784 - 3.4 Marsh 208 _ .9 Total area of town, 23,066 - 100.0 7— v 1 : Rr>c,hp,F.fp.r . Wdl forest Area Pine Pme&Oak PmaiNaple Odk Maple, RfoHPme =J_ 41 ROCKLAND. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 20 18 10 72 - 120 2.8 Pine and oak, . - - 96 126 295 517 12.0 - Pine and maple, - - 30 193 181 404 9.4 - Oak type 30 24 138 819 1,300 2,311 53.9 - Maple (swamp) type, 24 48 277 439 30 818 19.1 - Pitch pine, - - - 102 18 120 2.8 - Total, .... 74 90 551 1,751 1,824 4,290 - 66.3 Per cent., . 1.7 2.1 12.8 40.8 42.6 - 100.0 - NOX-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 1,007 - 15.6 Pasture, . 223 - 3.4 861 13 3 Water, . . 24 4 Marsh 66 - 1.0 Total area of town, 6,471 - 100.0 R r> r ^ \ A v* A Total Forctf Area Pi vie, Pme&Odk Rnejfrtirte OaK JtW\e, Pttth Pine, m ' 42 SCITUATE. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 11 74 319 160 17 581 11.7 - Pine and oak, . 80 86 274 154 - 594 11.9 - Pine and maple, 40 268 382 103 - 793 15.9 - Oak type, .... 239 245 348 143 182 1,157 23.3 - Maple (swamp) type, 80 137 450 239 125 1,031 20.8 - Pitch pine, - - 200 194 422 816 16.4 - Total, .... 450 810 1,973 993 746 4,972 - 45.5 Per cent., . 9.1 16.3 39.7 19.9 15 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. 2 291 21 0 Pasture 325 3 0 Residential, . . ... 1 277 11 7 Water 296 - 2.7 Marsh 1,761 - 16.1 Total area of town, 10,922 - 100.0 iMjanruftta Pine- 43 WAREHAM. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine, 49 196 49 - 82 376 2.3 - Pine and oak, . 443 376 950 327 917 3,013 18.4 - Pine and maple, 82 16 49 - 49 196 1.2 - Oak type 312 655 917 327 605 2,816 17.2 - Maple (swamp) type, 16 49 65 147 82 359 2.2 - Pitch pine, 278 950 1,981 1,425 4,961 9,595 58.7 - Total, .... 1,180 2,242 4,011 2,226 6,696 16,355 - 67.2 Percent., . 7.2 13.7 24.5 13.6 41 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 2,750 _ 11.3 Pasture, 535 - 2.2 535 _ 2.2 Water 1,947 8.0 Cranberry bog, 1,047 - 4.3 Marsh 1,169 4.8 Total area of town, . . .'-•'• 24,338 - 100.0 W ^ Pine&Oak e&r Oak 44 WEST BRIDGEWATER. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine 58 105 41 17 23 244 4.4 - Pine and oak, . 12 - 76 174 145 407 7.3 - Pine and maple, - 29 105 168 23 325 5.8 - Oak type 110 116 401 657 1,418 2,702 48.2 - Maple (swamp) type, - 52 407 999 250 1,708 30.5 - Pitch pine, - - - - 216 216 3.8 - Total, .... 180 302 1,030 2,015 2,075 5,602 - 55.6 Per cent., . 3.2 5.4 18.4 36 37 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, 3,081 - 30.6 Pasture, 767 7 6 Residential, ..... 535 5 3 Water 52 5 Marsh 46 - .4 Total area of town, 10,083 - 100.0 W P. *>* BvlA8fcxA/AJrftY. 1 Ofd) roreyi Area Pi ye nntJiOak Pitte&Mdfle Oak ja*?»e PiUU Pme, 5-i _ 45 WHITMAN. APPROXIMATE SIZE CLASSES. PER CENT. Total 1 2 3 4 5 Forest. Town. FOREST TYPES. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Pine - - 122 - - 122 6.4 - Pine and oak, . - , - 30 61 55 146 7.6 - Oak type, i - 24 225 565 502 1,316 68.6 - Maple (swamp type), - - - 213 85 298 15.5 - Pitch pine, - - - 37 - 37 1.9 - Total, .... - 24 377 876 642 1,919 - 42.9 Percent., . - 1.3 19.6 45.6 33.5 - 100.0 - NON-FOREST TYPES. Tillage and hay, ' . . . 952 _ 21.3 Pasture, 475 10.6 Residential, ... 1,070 23.9 Marsh 57 - 1.3 Total area of town , 4,473 - 100.0 Considerable maple in mixture in medium and small sizes. \A/ \\ \ Pine. 46 co 1 1 1 ' i i i j ^4 § 0 1 'ft ( 1 ' 1 02 s 5 A — 1 « 1 g 1 3 g •a .5 TJ c .5 1 a 1 * a c3 Q) o3 Q Q) | a) « « ® ® j2 a> a> .2 .2 2 "3- 2 2 'S. 'ft 'ft 'a 'a ^ 'a 'a O1®I®OQ>C3 OO •** tJ L'Stiti®'tJti ^ c x c IS IS Ic -c as.c.c.ce,fl.J3 P £ £ S £ ^ 1 ^ §^^^e^^ £ P Q § i .... | 1 W Q g 1 , • 1 • • , - . 1 . • . 1 11 .1 JB i •* • •§ • • • jf • • *S ' 79 o "^ ^ 2 9 1 1 * i 11 •^ ' PH o § I g | 1 1 ^ -f I | | 1 — — O GO 1 •" U 8 S ' ffll ^§ "1 ^^^^ M^ « 1 x MfafeMMMMMB o ooooooooo J i i 1 1 • Z O • • • a £ co T^ ^ 0 i S i • -I • 1 cl B PQ 1 5 5 'LYMOU CD _=0 C C c8 03 MH - s 1 •«*• M A fM G ^ ^ w o o 3 -c -c 2 S £ •< PQ pQ pQ PQ pQ B h * S » fc * Ot* »i ><^ rnC^or^M^it^f^l^l^H^ 47 g a | 1 i i i a h "3 o, c "m 1 J2 •a 1 1 -a -a § -a 3 "H 1 1 0 ft 1 -CO 1 - • *3 "^ "C "^ "T3 *^ *"O s s i 1 1 a . 1 I . . ; . "S. a3 1 SS SSSS2S.SS.SS.S "a 'a 'a "a 'S, 'S, "a "ft "ft "ft "ft "a "ft S i § •a | -a | 1 0) ® o S E S | 1 1 «: i 1 J ' B g, ' j . g . . js . g jj i rf ^ * -i . * 1 s • • "c -s i 1? • a js | • -i w * .Ij . 3 1 1 " 1 1 . 1 . i -g |1|||||1 I! i J * i J j J J J J j •! J J i 1 , ?. i 3oo ooooooooooo O O O & § 9 TJ 1 ' " 1 ' « • 1 1 1 13 _§ ** c -^ c3 -c viaz&tD&aQto&aQi&to <£ V V -V v ' V V ;< V ill S 3) i CO =' <• I s ~ "« 5 C • C . . §. •->.-.. 4 xs J 3 X o >> 5 1 liHilljIISiyli • o ^ B w rj g a; 6 ' §• W i 5 • • «J ' J3 P '• « i OfePQ^^HQNH3^O I'- f 1 ll i §• 3 to eS 1 •g .0 03 s" C C _- C3 "c 1 il 111! 'I 0 *3 *°. o 3 fe JS o - J2 CO CQ x S § -° J -S £ ^ g X X tn ^ C X X 0 O O 0 0 C3 o O PQ PQ PQ PQ pL( ^ PQ CQ PQ 1 . ' 00 • 4 • 3 § 1 1 PQ . . .8 T3 c . 00* 00* 03 I 55 1 I ' | ' | 1 MM M MM "i eo eo eo (M CO CO ^ CO (M i-l o s Dennett Brothers, . Wm. Perkins, . Washburn & Soule, i 1 v 1 1 1 1 •§ « 1 1 * I 5 s i 2 M 1 • s § | « W. o? 8 | « £ A 0 H 0 3 •i O . . . « H Plympton, Plympton, Plympton, i i I * i § s :p oo go -S c8 s3 2 ||| § | | | | | | | | | I I 83 Pine, maple and oak. Diameters, 6 to 10 inches; heights, 50 to 60 feet. (Pine and hard- woods type, Class 2.) Oak type. Diameter, about 5 inches; heights, 40 to 50 feet. (Class 3.) Pitch pine type. (Classes 4 and 5.) Pamphlets Massachuse II3P3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY