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Se A RBI SARA PR It tN NN A SOR Peg A = NAT re me
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@ veosements Forest Statistics for ee Rhode Island — 1972 and 1985
Forest Service
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station
Resource Bulletin NE-104 David R. Dickson Carol L. McAfee
Abstract
A statistical report on the third forest survey of Rhode Island conducted in 1984 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. Statistics for forest area, numbers of trees, timber volume, tree biomass, wildlife habitat, and timber products output are displayed at the state and county levels. The current inventory indicates that the state has approximately 404 million cubic feet of growing-stock volume or 25.6 million tons, net green weight of live trees, on 372,000 acres of timberland. For use in trend analysis, this report includes estimates derived from reprocessing the 1972 data using current methods and standards.
Foreword
The third inventory of Rhode Island was under the overall direction of John R. Peters, Project Leader of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit. Eric H. Wharton assisted in the development and administration of the operating plan. Charles T. Scott was responsible for the design of the inventory and sample selection. David J. Alerich supervised the interpretation of aerial photos and collection of data. He was assisted by Joseph G. Reddan. Members of the field
Staff were: William C. Blish Patricia J. Lawler Charles F. Brown IV Ronald J. Olsen Vernon G. Gray, Jr. Ellen J. Schmidt
David R. Dickson and Carol L. McAfee applied FINSYS (Forest INventory SYStem) , a generalized data processing system, to the specific needs of the Rhode Island inventory and produced summary tables for the state and counties. Thomas W. Birch and Carol L. McAfee were instrumental in assuring that the area estimates were consistent with the two previous inventories. Anne E. Cane prepared the tables in this report for printing.
Robert L. Nevel, Jr., Richard H. Widmann, and Eric H. Wharton, with the assistance of Thomas G. Bourn, Rhode Island Division of Forest Environment, collected and compiled the data on timber products output and timber removals.
Carmela M. Hyland was responsible for administrative and secretarial services. Marie Pennestri typed the text for this report.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit would like to thank the landowners of Rhode Island for their cooperation and assistance during this inventory.
FOREST STATISTICS FOR RHODE ISLAND--1972 AND 1985
The Authors
David R. Dickson, Forester, Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Broomall, PA.
Carol L. McAfee, Forester, Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Broomall, PA.
Manuscript received for publication 23 February 1988
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008
June 1988
CONTENTS
HIGHLIGHTS okiche ct te baci tae ee eee 1 FOrest “Ame Gi: ccc de. 5 cee ee ee eee 1 Timber: Voluime:c:..cse cee eee ] Wildlife Heli alse assoc eee cease eee ee D BONA GS'S: Scone eee i ane eee ee D
[INGFERG DIC GION eee Sees eee eee ee ae eres S
MaELVNSIING OF WIE IESTMVAITES sccocccssccesccccooov0se 3
COMPARISONSBEIWEENSINVENTORIBS esse-seeeeece 4
INDEX TO eRABIEES ek eet ee eee ee ee 4 SUG tis ese hic a a ae ee 4 COW MI ace Soaeass oasis see eenea terete crac eee eee ener 6 Core Table Cross-Reference ................0ee00. 8
RESOURCE WABIER Sw 52.2 co ee eee 13
LURE RAT URES CRE Dieta et cease eee eee eee 84
AP PEN De ice rte te ry call aceneee ete Rinne reap 84 Definition: Of MerniS eeu eee eee 84 LOC —Clracle CICSSHMEGUUOM <coascaoscccenoonces0900008 90 ilinee Species ofeRinodem|sicing sees eee 95
Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Importance Value, and Species Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems Oy Species, INaoce Isieiel, VSS2ss000s5cc0e 94 Metric Equivalents of Units USE MinmthiSeiNe pO rise secs nese eee eee Sis
*
Highlights
The report contains both 1985 and updated 1972 tables.
Forest Area
Rhode Island, with 404,800 acres of forest land, is 60 percent forested. Forest area is unchanged since 1972.
Ninety—two percent of Rhode Island's forest land, 571,700 acres, is classified as timberland (formerly known as commercial forest land).
Area of timberland has decreased 7 percent between inventories.
The area of sawtimber stands has increased over 56 percent since the 1972 inventory; sawtimber stands now total 167,500 acres or 45 percent of the timberland.
An 82 percent decrease in the area of seedling and sapling stands has reduced these stands to 21,100 acres,
or 6 percent of the timberland.
Eighty—eight percent of Rhode Island's timberland is privately owned.
Timber Volume
*
Growing—stock volume is 404 million cubic feet, an average OiieOc7 cubic Teel per dere. his Is amo percent increase over the 1972 inventory.
Sawtimber volume is 860.5 million board feet, an average of 2,315 board feet per acre. This is a 36 percent increase over the 1972 inventory.
Red oaks continue to be the dominant species in Rhode Island's forests. Northern red oak accounts for 16 percent of the growing—stock volume and 18 percent of the sawtimber volume. Other red oaks make up 26 percent of the growing—stock volume and 23 percent of the sawtimber volume.
*
*
Red maple, with 22 percent of the growing—stock volume, retained its second place ranking while increasing its growing—stock volume by 47 percent to 90 million
cubic feet.
While white pine volumes are unchanged since the 1972 inventory, the total softwood growing—stock volume decreased 20 percent to 56 million cubic feet; the
total softwood sawtimber volume decreased 11 percent to 176 million board feet.
Average annual net growth of growing—stock volume in Rhode Island is 2.3 percent of the inventory.
Wildlife Habitat ~
*
Tree mast in Rhode Island is essentially an acorn resource, dominated by red oak species.
White oak is the most common standing dead tree species; northern red oak is the second most common. These two species are also the most common dead tree species with observed cavities.
Red maple is the most common live tree species with observed cavities.
Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are the most common understory woody—stemmed species in Rhode Island.
Biomass
*
The net green weight of all live trees on timberland
is 25.6 million tons or 68.9 tons per acre. Softwoods account for 2.5 million tons or 6.6 tons per acre; hardwoods account for 23.1 million tons or 62.3 tons per acre.
Fifteen million tons, or 59 percent of the net green weight of all live trees, is in growing—stock material.
1.3 million tons of biomass is contained in salvable dead trees.
Introduction
Under the authority of the McSweeny-McNary Forest Research Act of 1928 and subsequent acts, including the Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 and the Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978, the USDA Forest Service conducts periodic forest inventories of all states to provide up-to-date information on the forest resource of the Nation. The initial inventory of Rhode Island's resources was conducted in 1952. The second inventory was carried out in 1672. This report presents the forest resource Gata from tne third inventory completed in 1984. This inventory involved a cooperative effort of the Rhode Island Division of Forest Environment, the USDA Soil Conservation Service, and the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis project of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station conducted the inventory on all forest land, developed the resource tables, and prepared this report.
The sampling procedure used during the current resurvey utilized aerial photography, the remeasurenment of a sample of the ground plots established in the earlier inventories, and establishment of new ground plots. In Rhode Island this required remeasurement of 129 plots from the earlier inventories, classification of 2,542 points on aerial photographs into land-use and cubic-foot volume classes, and establishment of 95 new ground plot locations as a subsample of the photo points. The data collected were summarized using the FINSYS computer system developed at the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.
The resurvey of Rhode Island's forest resources involved several associated studies and considerable analysis. Reports discussing the State's private forest-land owners and its primary forest products industry are being prepared. An additional report will also be published containing detailed 1985 biomass statistics.
The forest area, numbers of trees, timber volume, biomass, and wildlife habitat statistics shown in this report are but a summary of the information collected. Other information or additional summaries may be developed. For information about these, contact the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit, USDA Forest Service, 370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008 (phone 215-690-3037).
The four eastern Forest Experiment Stations have agreed to include a set of 25 core tables in each of their state resource bulletins. The format of any one of these tables will be identical for all 37 states in the Statious' territories. Rather than being grouped as a set, these core tables have been interspersed throughout this publication according to their level of data and content. A list of the core
table numbers and their corresponding numbers as presented in this publication follows the index of tables.
Reliability of the Estimates
The data in this report were based on a carefully designed sample of forest conditions throughout Rhode Island. However, because the field crews did not measure every tree or every acre in the state, the data are estimates. The reliability of the estimating procedure can be judged by two important statistical measures: accuracy and precision. Among statisticians, accuracy refers to the success of estimating the true value, precision refers to the clustering of sample values about their own averages or to the variation among repeated samples. We are mainly interested in the accuracy of the inventory, but in most cases we can only measure its precision.
Although accuracy cannot be measured exactly, it ean be checked. Preliminary tables are sent to other agencies and to outside experts familiar with the resources of Rhode Island. If questions arise, the data are reviewed and reanalyzed to resolve the differences. Also, great care is taken to keep all sources of Procedural error to a minimm by careful training of both field and office personnel, frequent inspection of field and office work, and application of the most reliable inventory methods.
Because of the care exercised in the inventory process, estimates of precision afford a reasonable measure of the inventory's adequacy. The precision of each estimate is described by its sampling error. Sampling errors are given with several tables in this report. The others are available upon request.
Briefly, here is an example of how the sampling error is used to indicate reliability: The estimate of timberland for Rhode Island is 372,000 acres. Its sampling error is 2.4 percent, or 9,000 acres. This means that if there are no errors in the procedure and we repeated the inventory in the same way, the odds are 2 to 1 (66 percent probability) that the estimate would be between 363,000 and 381,000 acres (372,000 + 9,000). Similarly, the odds are 19 to 1 (95 percent probability) that the estimate would be within + 18,000 acres. It is worth noting that the state estimates have the smallest sampling errors and therefore are the most precise or reliable. County estimates are less reliable. In Rhode Island for example, the sampling error for the state area tables is 2.4 percent; while the sampling error for Providence County is 3.2 percent. Thus, county level estimates are often considerably less reliable than state level estimates. In general, as the Size of the estimate decreases in relation to the total, the sampling error, expressed as a percentage of the estimate, increases.
Cc ‘ Bet I tori
To evaluate the condition of the forest resource, it is useful to compare the current estimates with those from the previous inventory. However, for the comparisons to be valid, the procedures used in the two inventories must be similar. As a result of our ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of the inventory, we have made several changes in procedures and definitions since 1972.
Because these changes make the direct comparison of the 1985 estimates with those published by Peters and Bowers (1977) inappropriate, data collected in 1972 have been reprocessed using the 1985 procedures and standards. Seven state-level tables containing the recalculated 1972 data have been included in this report.
The tables provide area and volume data for comparison and trend analysis. They are printed in italic type to distinguish them from the
current tables. Tables of recalculated data at |
the county level could not be provided because plots were selected at the state level in 1972; therefore, individual counties do not have enough plots to develop statistically sound data. The changes that have had an effect on the results of our computations follow.
The design used in this inventory, sampling with partial replacement, involved the establishment of new plots and the remeasurement of a sample of the previously measured plots. Thus, estimates, particularly those of small segments of a population, may vary from occasion to occasion, in part because of the change in the sample. For example, the area of a minor forest type may have been estimated at the previous occasion from only two or three plots; if those plots were not selected for remeasurement, the change from occasion to occasion would differ from the change based on a current sample that by chance did include those plots. The sampling errors presented in Table 57 should be used to determine the reliability of all estimates and particularly that of change in minor components.
A major change was made in the design of the plots established in 1984. In addition to the traditional data gathered to estimate forest area and tree volumes, information was collected to deseribe forest wildlife habitat, forest soils, and forest tree biomass.
New height and volume equations were developed for both growing stock and sawtimber (Scott 1979, 1981). These equations are derived by nonlinear regression techniques; in 1972 linear regression was used. The nonlinear method is used because it yields estimates with smaller errors between predicted and actual values.
Stand size is a classification of forest land based on the size of the trees that dominate an area, i-e., seedling/sapling, poletimber, Sawtimber, or non-stocked. In the 1972 inventory only growing-stock trees were
considered in determining stand size; the 1985 procedure considers all live trees. This change caused a shift in acres among classes, especially between seedling/sapling and poletimber.
The procedures used to determine forest type have also been modified. In 1972, plots on which red maple made up the plurality of stocking were classified as elm/ash/red maple. In 1985, such plots were examined more closely and according to their moisture class and the other species present, were placed in either the red maple/northern hardwoods, red maple/central hardwoods or elm/ash/red maple type.
The basic building block for estimating forest area and timber volume has been changed from the state level or geographic unit level, to the county level. In the past, the statistics were developed at the unit or state level and prorated back to the county level on the basis of distribution of photo-interpretation points. Direct development of county-level data helps users interested in more precise local data, but can make comparisons with past county estimates developed by the proration technique uncertain. One of the prerequisites for developing direct county-level statistics is that a county must have at least 60,000 acres of timberland. Counties that do not meet this criterion have too few plots to allow reliable estimates. Such counties were grouped with neighboring counties to create a sampling base large enough to provide reliable estimates. Plots in Bristol and Newport Counties were combined with those in Washington County to provide such a base.
Index to Tables
The following tables are divided into two major sections: (1) State, and (2) County. Recalculated 1972 tables are printed in italic type.
State Tables
Area
Table No. Page
1. Land area by land class, Rhode Island, AO B5ichs wietevteke cucte everevemereree sre Rterebye Ceeev ee ee eee TS
2. Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size class, Rinoele Uses WWBosacccccss0ds & wb o.8 b8ie we ejerereul ed
3. Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size class, Rhode) Tsdandy e19O5ieccleelereere es eae
4, Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985......17
Table No. Page
5. Area of timberland by stand-size class and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985......17
6. Area of timberland by board-foot stand- volume class and ownership class, Rhode ussenels WBasaandace Sad0oddd CooOoOaGddoOdoGdole
7. Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock trees and ownership class, Raverke aisulencls iWeyosedanase Mafetetareteverslcversrelaiciiais -18
8. Area of timberland by forest-type group and cubic-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Si ari rpm OO Sievatetoteversisreuste eielerevercveie/ sie ev eieusiow erersieverc2O
9. Area of timberland by forest-type group and board-foot stand-volume class, Rhode MST andrews Obreyerevaretarsvers aisle: Cicrareievcicrsvelorsie.e sie wieicre es lO
10. Area of timberland by forest-type group and green ton stand-volume class, Rhode aleSilicara Gramma Oo severeh eyaloielel cfoye. eveiere's « cls) 6 oe) sveve.e'e/s S000 021)
11. Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode Usligmel, Ui/Bosscoadadccoscdsaccsannd00006o0bbo 23
12. Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode PsWanGie 1965 aj<cle\els SORE R TE SO OTOL OIC OIC 23
13. Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of growing-stock trees, RHOG em lstandiny 9/2 cm sere icrsce\e/eie eye e)avein'e Rate oneeerése Qu
14. Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of growing-stock trees, RH Ode tistan Gr r119:05\c..1. 15 epere cleis)evers) aie ereie Bates Syeuenses 24
15. Area of timberland by forest-type group and basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode HTeSELATIGH, wali 9;G 5 rateire, cllehcye\s\.6 61.6 eiraoyaxoicheveveiecevarsvavoeie were eD
Number of Trees
16. Number of live trees on timberland by species and ciameter class, Rhode Island, HOG Demeester totese.cie.evelais aien0 e aieiel ers) cr aiers oie evevala ce 560 025
17. Number of live trees on timberland by diameter class, tree class, and species group, Rhode Island, 1985......... ROOD Once 27
18. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species and tree class, Rhode Uslleracies WkeseaacogodT Sisiecetevots Sgairat oueteuetenehetpierersiaiere 28
19. Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Riege suse, WeacoconcgcoocooDCOOoe ayomesee 29
Table No. Page
Wildlife Habitat
20. Number of all live nut- and fruit- producing trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985........... 30
21. Number of shrubs and saplings on timberland by stand-size class, type of stem, and mast type, Rhode Island, 1985............ 31
22. Number of standing dead trees on timberland by species, condition class, and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985..... Srareovals 32
23. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) with observed cavities on timberland by species and condition class, Rhode Island,
WWEBocoaccocccocac C0DoODnDCNSCOODOOUOCOUNHOGOOOND 33
24. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs on timberland by species and stand-size class, RCC sian, Wooaccesoncacoccco0og0eco0d Ge 34
25. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs on timberland by species and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985........... FP OORROS 36
26. Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs on timberland by species and browse-utilization Class pmnnode micilandpelo Ober eciercelscietererstere -36
27. Number of trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) with observed cavities on timberland by species and presence of cavities, Rhode Island, 1985..... ho
Weight
28. Net green weight of all live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Maeele Usllame. Isososcocagocc00d0cco00000C00 44
29. Net green weight of all trees on timberland by class of timber and species Beowia, WNC Usilenvals WWkecaccccacacovccoccdac 42
Volume
30. Net vclume of ali trees on timberiand by class of timber and species group, Rhode usiem@l, IDEs asachooocwodacasoeooesoOUGOGOOGET 43
31. Net volume of ali live, growing-stock, and sawtimber trees on timberland by species group and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985...... 45
32. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type group and stand-size elassp Rhodes lstlandin GOS terete aielelelaiere elerere PRES
33. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type group and
basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode WeWleyaGl5(1OEBa so occacc0s OI GOOD HA OOD OO OOUR oor 46
Table No. Page
34. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985....... Save tayele ayelay sreveVererecetercis oun!
35. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and stand-size class, Rhodewisilandh unl Oiicteleletolekeleretelchelelsleretereteleraterereretereate
36. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and stand-size class, Rhode mlsilandi il GS 5reyperelerevarsieverelererensiekeleteneletetereterererecto
37. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and cubic-foot stand- volume class, Rhode Island, 1985............-50
38. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, iach silat, WifBosccasaccoacdoagcooon0G05606 52
39. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhodepls land il OG ditereletereroteretetelelerciersheleleletererelerrere OS
40. Net volume of growing stock in the
sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on
timberland by species and diameter class,
Rhode Island, 1985..... Sie tavaver ete avevavete)evcverstere eve - 55
41. Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhod eulsiiand(;, W912 wisierevycrave cis s/o stcveieiese sielsrerereine oO
42, Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhodeytslandiss 10 S5iciereisreielereisiote Seis sevsvo\si(alieessyaievsis 57
43. Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species, size class, and standard-lumber log grade, Rhode Island,
NOM 2s Voters sopotencyate(avehoreievela ravens atelslevevereseietereislereiasierahexe DO
4u, Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species, size class, and standard-lumber log grade, Rhode Island,
TOES: 5:2. 5 averere weve lerarelarsrercrerecovedereke ferohe ererarsvereretararenererexe DO
Growth
45. Average annual net change of growing- stock volume on timberland by species and component, Rhode Island, 1971-84........+2+2+.-00
46. Average annual net growth and average annual removals of growing-stock volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island, 1971-84..... atevehekexercNavaverote axerersycieiets sseqoracaces dO
i7. Average annual net growth and average annual removals of sawtimber vclume on timberland by species, Rhode Island,
NO idl Ol yeveverenatevekenereyarere Ad aoorsdaaacdoodnoes6 nol
Table No. Page
48. Average annual mortality of growing- stock and sawtimber volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island, 1971-84......eseee2+-02
49. Average annual net growth and average annual removals of growing-stock volume on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84........seses022203
50. Average annual net growth and average annual removals of sawtimber volume on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84...........2.2.03
Timber Products Output
51. Output of timber products by product, softwoods and hardwoods, and source of material, Rhode Island, 1984..............+.04
52. Output of roundwood products by product, softwoods and hardwoods, and source of material, Rhode Island, 1984...... anonnopoodss
53. Timber removals from growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by component and softwoods and hardwoods, Rhode Island,
[9 Bc vevcvsve sre cicvelers co storey crarcierstetecctevera etebatmereretotereners Oli]
54. Volume of unused residues from primary manufacturing plants by softwoods and hardwoods, type of residue, and industry, Rhodes tstands 19 Glereieretstersiercieloleteine eleietetareietetats Oil
Change 55. Change in area of timberland between inventories by stand-size class, Rhode) sland 4) 19 72—G5ielelelslercls)elelelel sles Seen teeeOo
56. Change in volume between inventories,
Rhode! Esdand ean Grex Obecicisicisieieiersisinieeistelste eres Sampling Errors
57. Sampling errors for estimates in
various state-level tables, Rhode
sila, JG/2 ain Wisc oncasoce wis. 5 breye, e eaverorerereniO
County Tables
58. Land area by county and land class, Rhode tistiecrric sme GG eters steleletcteraleletalets eretetetetstelatere isi
59. Area of timberland by ownership class and county, Rhode Island, 1985......sccccecede
60. Area of timberland by county and forest- type group, Rhode Island, 1985......cccccceedd
Table No. Page
61. Area of timberland by county and stand- SiZ® Oless- Weece usulemcl, WWeoocccgaqqcocdoKT 73
62. Area of timberland by county and cubic- foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, MOO yerevetetctevavevole cla cterexorelehsrarereic.verers scoocncocaccoolS
63. Area of timberland by county and green ton stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985...74
64. Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode UsilemGls WWEBacasocaccsoogocoodnCCOS soddd0000c 74H
65. Area of timberland by county and productivity class, Rhode Island, MOG keraroustetercierstetoreivere cleicsereicr ctorc¥ereteterciorouererctetctata. «fie 74
66. Wet volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and forest-type group, RHOGemMUsMandisy WO G5iererelecievel sielelsiotere eterers sleteancoowe 75
67. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and stand-size class, RHOG SwelisMamalswolG Ooisrerakevclevers overevorevaterecs s elete rs lete res 7s 75
68. Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and county, Rhode Aas aMeaT eee Drazet oer ols ieretonarcters ereherese BP alaratefoneveueRevereveili O
69. Net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber trees on timberland by county and species group,Rhode Island, 1985......... TT
70. Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and forest-type group, RrodemlsirriGdiaa19 O5)- apeyeialaraiclelatateleielalereterclovciale« ooelt
71. Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and stand-size class, HOG Supls Vans 19 Octave eicreieleis s:s\civislesiceicisciewse sell l
72. Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberiand by species and county, Rhode HLaSHIITAG PORMBTS CO aictarars cisieheret ciecevelavetetevehels;apsiste.cisvelspeveseseve 78
73. Number of all live nut- and fruit-~- preducing trees on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985.......... sonc000ne US
74. Number of seedlings, saplings, and
shrubs with observed browse and percent of total on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985...... Aeiapovece Soevers oe Se avatere claret OD
75. Number of standing dead trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species and DOI, HUoclS aisle, WkeiqdoacagusscoDoGd5de 80
76. Index to land-use edge by type of land use and county, Rhode Island, 1985...........81
77. Sampling errors for various county-level estimates, Rhode Island, 1985..... paOObAOODGE 82
Core Table Cross-Reference
Core Statistical fable table 1 Land area by county and land class, Rhode Island, AQ G5 ssc aiciarciar 6: 8)saGlateibres cis einys.c sjayeroys elesiein eiminiele ere eiertieieeieieeie coO 2 Area of timberland by ownership class and county,
Rhode stand; 1985 2s0csn.cc cc scicc ssc ee s)eisie a) slsisicsjeies asic 9
3 Area of timberland by county and forest-type group, Rhode Tsland, 19Bbsisccsccccctssscssessccscsweses tsicis nee sO
4 Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985. sccsesccsssscsessssceescstasscasasseecol
5 Area of timberland by county and productivity class, Rhode: Tsland!; 1985 icici ccis.s.c.cre 00,010,015 070101016) 6 016 seieie.eieceysic cies OD),
6 Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1985.....sseseeee2222 04 i Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership Glass; Rhode Tstand, 1985.0 occcuuciscciwcicc cis cece s s)clesielsisieisiset 8 Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock trees and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985........ss..s07 9 Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985.......s.sssseeee a23 10 Number of live trees on timberland by species and
diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985......2.c.esceesseesees510
11 Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985.....ss.sseseesee0019
12 Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985...........39
13 Net volume of growing stock in the sawlog portion of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and diameter Glass, Rhode island, 1985... osc cs se ciel « 0) s.ciais'c)s\s)eicias =paje4O
14 Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by
species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1985........... 42 15 Net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber trees
on timberland by county and species group, Rhode
TS Mandy lO. Ooe erereleleveiiers eres ddeassis sas ecibs scree jest eee teen ee09 16 Net volume of all trees on timberland by class of
timber and species group, Rhode Island, 1985.............30
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Statistical
Net volume of all live, growing-stock, and sawtimber trees on timberland by species group and ownership class, HOG ewelesilandhwnt9 OG >rveteratetatelelskarstevelebeteraiciabelevelcterolelolelalevelelelelerersycyeS il
Average annual net growth of growing-stock and sawtimber volume on timberland by county and species
ZPOUPcocecccevcsecccvrccssesecscvsesesevsecssssececes
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Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species, size class, and standard-lumber log grade,
Rhode Island,
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Land area by land class, Rhode Island, 1985
Timberland 55.1%
Noncommercial forest land 4.9%
Cropland 3.5% Pasture ./%
Other nonforest ela] §=SSute) %
12
Table 1.--Land area by land class, Rhode Island, 1985°
Land class Area Thousand acres Percent Timberland Soll 5 Dre
Noncommercial forest land:
Productive reserved 8.4 108 Unproductive? 20.5 3.0 Urban 4.2 56 Total forest 404.8 60.0 Nonforest land: Cropland©& 23.5 3305) Pasture 4.6 off Other 242.2 35.8 Total nonforest 270.3 40.0 Total land areas 675.1 100.0
Rows and columns in all tables may not sum due to rounding.
Ineludes 400 acres of reserved unproductive land
Source: 1982 Census of Agriculture.
Source: 1981 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
aodop
14
Table 2.--Area of timberland by forest type, ners type group, and
Stand-size class, Rhode Island,
1972
(In thousands of acres)?
Forest type and forest-type group
Sawt imber
Red pine 6.3 White pine 19.0 White pine/hemlock -0 White/red pine group 20d Pitch pine -0 Hard pine group -0 Wh. pine/no. red oak/wh. ash .0 Eastern redcedar/hardwood -0 Other oak/pine 6.3 Oak/pine group 6.3 Post, black, or bear oak 0 Chestnut oak -0 White oak/red oak/hickory 12.6 White oak 12.6 Northern red oak 6.3 Scarlet oak -0 Red maple/central hardwoods 31.6 Mixed central hardwoods 6.3 Oak/hickory group 69.5 Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple 6.1 Elm/ash/red maple group 6.1 Red maple/northern hardwoods 0 Northern hardwoods group 0 Aspen -0 Aspen/birch group 30 All forest types 107.2
b
Stand-size class
Poletimber
G Gh °
hm D Wr DoD Dd
ws)
CGNWADDA HM
-0
Hato
All
Sapling and classes seedling Nons tocked
6.3 -0 12.6 0 0 28.7 6.1 -0 6.1 12.4 0 47.4 6.1 -0 18.6 6.1 0 18.6 0 0 6.4 6.1 -0 6.1 12.8 0 25.4 18.9 -0 37.8 18.9 -0 25.0 0 -0 6.4 6.1 -0 Sul 53) 6.4 -0 50.6 6.4 0 48.1 12.8 0 19.1 6.5 0 69.9 6.4 0 Zit 63.4 0 263.0 0 0 Mod 0 0 12.2 0 -0 0 12.5 .0 12.5 6.1 -0 6.1 6.1 -0 6.1 119.3 -0 397.6
"The data on all 1972 tables have been reprocessed so as to be comparable to 1985 data.
In this and other tables, a zero indicates that the data are negligible or the condition
was not encountered in the sample. current Forest Service definitions.
A dash indicates that the condition is not possible under
Table 3.--Area of timberland by forest type, forest-type group, and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
Forest type and forest-type group
White pine
White/red pine group
Eastern redcedar Pitch pine
Hard pine group
Wh. pine/no. red oak/wh. ash Other oak/pine
Oak/pine group
Post, black, or bear oak Chestnut oak
White oak/red oak/hickory White oak
Northern red oak
Searlet oak Sassafras/persimmon
Red maple/central hardwood Mixed central hardwoods
Oak/hickory group Black ash/Amer. elm/red maple
Elm/ash/red maple group
Sugar maple/beech/yellow birch
Red maple/northern hardwoods Northern hardwoods group Gray birch Aspen/birch group
All forest types
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class
= All
Sawtimber Poletimber Seis cla Nonstocked PIESSES seedling
12.5 4.5 -0 -0 Ufo) 12.5 4.5 60) -0 17.0 3303} -0 -0 -0 3303} 0 9.2 0 -0 9.2 3.3 9.2 0 0 W2>55) 3.4 4.5 0 -0 7.8 18.0 3ol/ -0 0 Paloll Bil o8} 8.1 .0 -0 29.5 9.6 29.4 6.8 -0 45.7 .0 2.2 -0 -0 2.2 10.2 Hilos 0 -0 22.0 6.8 18.8 3.4 5) 29.0 16.1 29.3 4.7 -0 50.1 19.3 26.0 .0 -0 45.3 -0 3.3 -0 -0 3.3 27.2 26.8 -0 -0 54.0 4.5 -0 -0 0 4.5 93.7 147.6 14.9 -0 256.1 Wo5 3)05) 0 -0 23.0 Uifo5 B65) 0 -0 23.0 oS : -0 -0 od 11.8 8.1 0 0 19.9 19.3 8.1 0 -0 27.4 0 -0 6.2 -0 6.2 0 -0 6.2 -0 6.2 167.5 183.1 21.1 -0 Sot
US
Area of timberland by ownership class,
Rhode Island, 1985
1%
Forest industry
12%
Other public
Other private 87%
16
Table 4.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and ownership
elass,
Forest-type group
White/red pine Hard pine
Oak/pine Oak/hickory Elm/ash/red maple Northern hardwoods Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
National Other Forest Forest public industry -0 4.8 -0 -0 3.4 -0 .0 3.4 -0 -0 26.3 44 -0 363} -0 -0 6.0 -0 0 -0 0 .0 45.2 44
Other private
12.2 9.1 26.1 225.4 Piloll 21.4 6.2
322.2
All classes
17.0 12.5 29.5 256.1 23.0 27.4 6.2
Soff
Table 5.--Area of timberland by stand-size class and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stand-size class
Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and seedling Nonstocked
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
Ownership class
National Other Forest Forest public industry -0 29.2 -0 -0 16.0 4.4 0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -9 45.2 4.4
Other private
138.4 162.7 Pile 0
322.2
All
elasses
167.5 183.1 21.1 -0
B11 31
17/
18
Table 6.--Area of timberland by board-foot stand-volume class and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stand-volume class (board feet per acre)
0 - 1,999 2,000 - 3,999 4,000 - 5,999 6,000 - 7,999 8,000 - 9,999 10 ,000+
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
National
Forest
Ownership class
Other public
17 10 8 7
Forest industry
Other private
173. 90. Bille 15. 10.
° oO NO ££ AW ©
322.2
All
classes
195.7 100.9 39.7 23 | 10.2
2.2
SH all
Table 7.--Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock trees and ownership class, Rhode Island, 1985
Stocking elass
Nonstocked
Poorly stocked Moderately stocked Fully stocked Overstocked
Total, all classes
(In thousands of acres)
National Forest
e). 40°. deff ce) ve (2) ©) (Sy 12) |)
Ownership class
Other public
Forest industry
Other All private elasses -0 .0 30.6 33-5 104.5 116.1 128.1 152.3 58.9 69.8 32252 Bih lente
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Table 8.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and cubic-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (cubic feet per acre)
Forest-type group oot
0- 500- 1000- 1500- 2000- 25004 classes 499 999 1499 1999 2499
White/red pine Boil -0 -6 1.8 6.6 5.3 17-0 Hard pine 5@) 12.5 -0 -0 -0 .0 12.5 Oak/pine 9.6 4.5 iloZ -0 4.3 -0 29.5 Oak/hickory 19.9 83.7 90.9 44.1 10.4 Tok 256.1 Elm/ash/red maple -0 4,2 9.0 -0 -0 9.9 23.0 Northern hardwoods .0 8.1 4.5 4.4 Sev, 1.8 27-4 Aspen/birch 6.2 -0 -0 -0 -0 0) 6.2 Total, all groups 38.4 112.9 116.0 50.3 29.9 24.1 Syl Se/
Table 9.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and board-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres)
Stand-volume class (board feet per acre)
All HOPCEE Sty PevebeuR 0- 2000- 4000- 6000- 8000- jooope CLaSSe= 1999 3999 5999 7999 9999 White/red pine Bs 7 1.8 3.9 23.58) Byq10) 2.2 17.0 Hard pine 12.5 -0 .0 30) -0 -0 12.5 Oak/pine 14.0 11.2 4,3 -0 -O 0 29.5 Oak/hickory 138.0 80.0 27.2 3.6 {52 .0 256.1 Elm/ash/red maple 9.7 3.4 4.2 5.6 -0 -0 23.0 Northern hardwoods (255) 4.5 -0 10.5 -0 S10) Px pS! Aspen/birch 6.2 -0 -0 5(0) 0) -0 6.2 Total, all groups 195.7 100.9 39.7 23 10.2 ZA 2. 371.7
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Table 11.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode Island, 1972
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
All HOVE SAVES (SOUS Poorly Moderately Fully Over- classes NERS OEE stocked stocked stocked stocked
White/red pine 0 -0 ab 34.8 12.6 47.4 Hard pine -0 0 6.1 6.4 6.1 18.6 Oak/pine -0 0 6.4 25.4 6.1 37.8 Oak/hickory -0 Gel 35.4 164.9 56.6 263.0 Elm/ash/red maple -0 WAZ 50 0 0 WAH Northern hardwoods -0 -0 6.4 -0 6.1 458) Aspen/birch -0 -0 6.1 0 0 6.1 Total, all groups -0 18.3 60.3 ABI G 87.5 397.6
Table 12.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of all live trees, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
ee OEE eee Eee eee ee eee —E——————————E——E—————E
Stocking class
All Forest-type gro PS EECA Poorly Moderately Fully Over- classes N tock NESS ee stocked stocked stocked stocked
White/red pine 0 2.7 56) 1.8 11.9 17.0 Hard pine .0 -0 6.6 5.9 -0 12.5 Oak/pine -0 3.7 -0 22.4 3.4 29.5 Oak/hickory 0 6.3 63.2 2 Stenlt 62.9 256.1 Elm/ash/red maple -0 0 4,2 2.2 16.6 23.0 Northern hardwoods -0 50 2337/ 14.5 9.2 27.4 Aspen/birch -0 0 3.3 50 2.9 6.2 Total, all groups -0 12.7 81.7 170.5 106.8 Sialieyn
23
Table 13.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1972
Forest-type group
White/red pine Hard pine
Oak/pine Oak/hickory Elm/ash/red maple Northern hardwoods Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
Forest-type group
White/red pine Hard pine
Oak/pine Oak/hickory Elm/ash/red maple Northern hardwoods Aspen/birch
Total, all groups
24
Nonstocked
(In thousands of acres)
Stocking class
Poorly Moderately Fully Over- stocked stocked stocked stocked 0 24.9 aaa) 0
0 P25 6.1 0
0 Sito 6.3 0
25.4 142.8 76.0 18.8 Geel 0 0 0
0 6.4 6.1 0
0 6.1 0 0
31.5 224.2 117.0 18.8
Table 14.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1985
Poorly Moderately Fully Over-
Nonstoecked
(DS) (2) (2) (Se) (To) (ee)
(In thousands of acres)
Stoeking class
stocked stocked stocked stocked
Boll -6 lo! 11.9 3.3 3.3 5.9 0 ofl 3.3 19.1 3.4 19.6 99.6 97.9 39.0 4.2 2.2 13.2 3.4
5 (0) Bio 1 14.5 9.2
0 Si3 -0 2.9
33.5 116.1 152.3 69.8
All classes
47.4 18.6 Yas) 263.0 12.2 12.5 6.1
397.6
All classes
17.0 12.5 29.5 256.1 23.0 27-4 6.2
371.7
Table 15.--Area of timberland by forest-type group and basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode Island,
Forest-type group
1985
(In thousands of acres)
Basal-area class (square feet per acre)
50-99 6
100-149
150-199
All classes
White/red pine
Hard pine
Oak/pine Oak/hickory Elm/ash/red maple Northern hardwoods Aspen/birch
12.5 21.5 161.9 6.4 12.6 -0
215.5
17.0 12.5 29.5 256.1 23.0 27.4 6.2
Total, all groups
371-7
25
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Table 17.--Number of live trees on timberland by diameter class, tree class,
Diameter elass
Seedlings 1.0- 2.9 3.0- 4.9
Total seedlings and saplings
Total poletimber
9.0-10.9 11.0-12.9 13.0-14.9
Total small sawtimber
15.0-16.9 17.0-18.9 19.0-20.9 21.0-28.9 29.0 and larger
Total larger sawtimber
All classes
Growing Stock
Softwoods
15,727.9 6,328.6 6,793.3
28, 849.8 2,096.2 1,466.0
3,562.2 819.2
700.3 308.8
1,828.3
347.7
34 587.9
Hardwoods 871,889.
47,779. 22,252.
941,920. nee 12,209.
6,657. 36,591. 4,009. 2,090. 6,100. 769. 420. 149. 180. 36. 1,556.
986,169.
and species group, Rhode Island,
4 0 4
1985
(In thousands of trees)
Softwoods
8.4
551.2
Hardwoods
144,894.00 15 031.3 1,424.5
161, 349.8 3,923.1 teil sient)
790.5 6,232.3 364.1 263.0 627.1 130.3 30.3 25.2 28.6 10.0
224.5
168,433.7
Total
1,032,511.3 69, 138.9 30 ,470.3
1,132, 120.5 24 ,005.2 15, 403.0
7,448.1 46 , 856.3 892.1 5,074.2 2,661.9 8,628.3 1,062.3 552.1 230.0 245.9 46.7 2,137.0
1,189, 742.0
27
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30
Table 21.-+Number of shrubs and saplings on timberland by stand-size and mast type, Rhode Island,
Stand-size class and type of stem
Sawtimber: Shrubs Saplings Total sawtimber Poletimber: Shrubs Saplings Total poletimber Sapling/seedling: Shrubs Saplings Total sapling/seedli Nonstocked: Shrubs Saplings Total nonstocked
Total, all classes
*The data in all
1985
(In thousands of stems)
Nuts 1, 582).:7, 13,652.7 15,235.4 9,459.2 15,463.8
24 ,923.0
ng -0
40, 158.4
Mast type
Other seeds
330, 371.6 22,505.4
352,877.0 878,710.9 30, 430.5 909, 141.4 14, 233.1 11,711.9 25 ,945.0 0
-0
-0
1,287 ,963.4
Berries
1,479,424.6
6,285.1
1,485, 709.7
2,680, 303.0
4,473.2
2,684,776.2
163,678.1 1,221.3
164,899.4 -0 -0
-0
4, 335, 385.3
class, type of sten,
Other species
554,974.7 -0
554 ,974.7 557 ,969.0 -0 557,969.0 20, 762.0 -0 20,762.0 0
-0
-0
1,133,705.7
Total stems
2, 366 , 353.6
42, 443.2
2,408 ,796.8
4,126 ,442.0
50 , 367.6
4,176,809.6
198 ,673.2 12 ,933.2
211,606.4
6,797,212.8
wildlife habitat tables except Table 20 are derived from new plots only.
31
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Table 29.--Net green weight* of all trees on timberland by class of timber and species group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of tons)
Species group
Class of ERHIS Softwoods Hardwoods sel groups Sawtimber trees: Sawlog portion 928.7 5, 301-5 6,236.2 Upper stem 115.4 1,344.9 1,460.3 Total 1,044.2 6,652.3 7,696.5 Poletimber trees 481.6 6,946.7 7,428.2 All growing stock 15 52501/ 13,599.0 15,124.7 Rough cull trees? 60.8 885 .6 946.4 Rotten cull trees -0 412.5 412.5 Salvable dead trees© 49.5 1,237.8 1,287.4 Saplings« 264.9 2,251.7 2,516.6 Stumps 22.8 389.8 412.5 Tops - growing stock 566.1 5,106.7 5,672.8 Tops = rough and rotten 23.5 521.8 545.2 All nongrowing stock 987.6 10, 805.8 11), 193-5
All classes 2,513.3 24, 404.8 26,918.2
@Ineludes bark and sound cull; excludes rotten cull.
DBole portion of trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.
CInecludes entire tree aboveground.
dof all salvable dead and all live trees 5.0 inches d.b-h. and larger.
Table 30.--Net volume of all trees on timberland by class
of timber and species group, Rhode Island,
Class of timber Sawtimber trees: Sawlog portion Upper stem portion
Total
Poletimber trees Total growing stock Rough trees: Sawtimber size Poletimber size Total
Rotten trees: Sawtimber size Poletimber size Total
Total, all live trees
Salvable* dead trees: Sawtimber size Poletimber size Total
Total, all classes
@Includes noncommercial species.
(In millions of cubic feet)
Softwoods
Hardwoods 129.8 33.6
163.4 184.3
347.7
1985
All groups 167.0 38.5
205.5 198.5
404.0
20.7
456.5
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44
Table 31.--Net volume of all live, growing-stock, and sawtimber trees on timberland by species group and ownership class, Rhode Island,
1985 Ownership class Species group National Other Forest Other All Forest public industry private classes All live (In millions of cubic feet) Softwoods -0 15.1 oll 42.8 58.6 Hardwoods -0 51.2 4.7 321.3 SHWilok Total, all groups -0 66.3 5.4 364.1 435.8 Growing stock (In millions of cubic feet) Softwoods -0 14.5 sill 41.0 56.3 Hardwoods 50 47.5 4.3 296.0 347.7 Total, all groups -0 62.0 5.0 337.0 404.0 Sawtimber (In millions of board feet)@ Softwoods -0 47.8 2.2 125.8 175.8 Hardwoods -0 115.2 8.6 560.9 684.6 Total, all groups -0 163.0 10.8 686.7 860.5
*International 1/4-inch rule.
45
Table 32.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type group and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
Forest-type
(In millions of cubic feet)
ooooe Sawtimber White/red pine 29.8 Hard pine 1.4 Oak/pine 22.6 Oak/hickory 122.7 Elm/ash/red maple 238i Northern hardwoods 23 Aspen/birch 0
Total, all groups 227.4
Stand-size class
Poletimber
Sapling and
seedling Nonstocked 2 0 -0 0 -0 .0 6.4 0 -0 0 0 0 sf .0 1 e 1 . 0
All classes
Table 33.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by forest-type group and basal-area class (all live trees), Rhode Island, 1985
Forest-type group
White/red pine Hard pine Oak/pine Oak/hickory Elm/ash/red maple Northern hardwoods Aspen/bireh
Total, all groups
(In millions of cubie feet)
Basal-area class (square feet per acre)
50-99
100-149 150-199 15.4 16.8 .0 .0
9.1 .0 90.2 14.5 14.9 10.6 20.7 46 .0 .0 150.3 46.4
All classes
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Table 35.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1972
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All Species Sawt imber Poletimber pe ae Nons tocked a Red pine 8.6 -0 3.0 0 11.6 Pitch pine 2.4 7.0 Hog} 0 10.7 White pine 30.0 IG 3.6 0 45.3 Hemlock 5 -0 53 0 8 Other softwoods 0 18) .3 0 1.8 Total softwoods 41.6 20.2 8.5 0 70.3 Red maple 32.0 Bia t/ 5.4 0 61.0 Sugar maple -0 1.9 -0 0 1.9 Yellow birch Bat) 1 -0 0 6.0 Sweet birch 0 2.6 -0 -0 2.6 Paper birch -0 .0 5) -0 3G Hickory 2.4 flo} -0 0 Salty Beech 5 0 -0 -0 AD) White ash 8 1.0 -0 a0 1.8 Aspen 0 .4 1.0 -0 1.4 Black cherry A) 0 9 -0 1.4 White oak 19.1 29.5 oS} 0 50.8 Northern red oak TASS Sil al LNA a0 48.5 Other red oaks 23.9 43.6 8.8 -0 76.0 Elm 0 Bt) .4 -0 -9 Other hardwoods oH 7.0 -0 30 12.5 Total hardwoods 101.9 143.6 Bf 0 269.2 8 See, 0 339.5
Total, all species 143.5 163.
Table 36.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All SIEEELSES Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling gud Nonstocked classes seedling
Red pine 3.2 0 si -0 3.4 Pitch pine 8 5.5 0 -0 6.3 White pine 38.4 5.8 3 -0 AW 5 Hemlock -0 ont 0 -0 ai Other softwoods ‘lois 5 52 0 2.0 44. 11.6 6 0 56.3
Red maple 56.8 32.9 = -0 89.9 Sugar maple 4 55 -0 -0 9 Yellow birch 4.3 od ae 0 6.0 Sweet birch 3.8 8 iil a(@) 4.6 Paper birch aS 0 0 -0 73 Hickory 3.4 2.8 22 -0 6.4 Beech 5.0 52 0 .0 5.2 White ash 13.8 2.0 -0 -0 15.8 Aspen Uoff efi -0 -0 3.4 Black cherry -6 51 -0 -0 at White oak 19.5 18.4 5 0 38.5 Northern red oak 30.0 34.6 1.8 -0 66.3 Other red oaks 41.0 60.1 S8i/ -0 104.8 Elm Ai -0 -0 0 a/ Other hardwoods 2.0 2.3 -0 -0 4.3 Total hardwoods 183.3 157.9 6.5 (0) 347.7
Total, all species 227.4 169.5 Tot .0 404.0
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Table 38.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Rhode Island, 1972
(In millions of cubic feet)
Diameter class (inches at breast height)
All classes
13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29+
1l.0-
12.9
7.0- 8.9
5.0- 6.9
Species
16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9
14.9
10.9
11.6
1.0 1.7 6.2
5.1
5.1
Red pine
10.7
3.2 2.5
5.0
2.1
Pitch pine
45.3
oG
3.5
2.9
Boe
8.7
7.4
4.2
4.0
White pine Hemlock
1.8
Other softwoods
13.9 12.3 8.9 8.3 9.1 2.6 3.4 3.5 1.2 70.3
7.2
Total softwoods
61.0
8.0 4.6 3.2 4.8 1.3 2.6
9.9
12.6
14.0
Red maple
1.9 6.0
1.0
Sugar maple
1.1
1.2
Yellow birch Sweet birch
2.6
2.3
Paper birch Hickory Beech
1.8
1.1
White ash Aspen
1.4 1.4
50.8
1.1
Black cherry
White oak
2.1
6.9 7.4 1.6 2.2 4.1
10.6
15.4
6.3 11.2
1.4 48.5
4.0
12.3
9.7 13.5
Northern red oak Other red oaks
Elm
6.9. 16.2
76.0
1.4
1.7 3.0
3.0
7.0
14.7
11.4
12.5
1.2
3.2 4.3 0 1.4
1.6
Other hardwoods
59.5 04.3 41.3 27.0 11.9 12.3 5.1 7.3 1.4 269.2
49.1
Total hardwoods
73.3 66.6 50.2 35.3 21.0 14.9 8.5 10.8 2.6 339.5
56.3
Total, all species
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ORC 0° (0) OF 0° Ca tr° {7° t° 7° ike SpoomM4jos 19410 lI, Ok 0° 0° 0° Oe 0° (0° 0° 0° bys YOOTWSH S* tt 0° teKG) ofS gre Gre L°9 1° 6 6°9 0°sS €°t eutd 94 TUM E°9 0° 0° 0° 0° 8° ae HL 9° 0°2 ek eutd yoqtd Tees 0° 0° 0° 0° Os 9° 6° 8° O°L ae eutd pey
+62 6° 82 6°02 6° 8L 6°9L 6° tL 6°2l 6° OL 6°8 6°9
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(qUBTOY 4Seeuq 4e SeyoUT) SSeTO useqoueTG (48e3 OTQNd Jo suOTTTTW UT)
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£°ID RRR KKK OOOO KR KKK PSO SOS SSR SOREN
CH ste eeconeconeconecatenaconaconaconeconeconeconeconeconecanecaceraceraceracoraconaconacenaceracers VPM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM KO ODOODODOO OSS HK KK KOCK OOO OOOOH KKK OOO SH AOD cecceescenscanccanscntcatsoncseaceescenstansconsconscansconccanscanseanscarsearsenrennteearerarenaiennts 5252529252525 2505 2525255 G
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G°L 0° 0° 0° Gi f° 0° 6° = spoompuey u2eyu40 CH 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° On Cas = wTd g° LE €° here N° ee 8°t fbb E°9OL = SyeO peu u98U40 €°62 O°L 9° G°L L°2 0°S 9359)} GO) - yeO peu UTeYyqUON f° el 0° Si LoL f° L HL 0°S 6°2 = yeo 94TUM 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° On 0° re Aaaayo yoetT gq 9 [I Om 0° 0° 0° 0° &¢ OL c uoedsy 2° 0° 0° €*1 Pat Ne L°€ live - use o4TUM Neg 0° 0° 0° 6° 6° €° 9° = yoood eral 0° 0° 0° 0° ee de g° - kaoyory 0° 0° (0)7 0° OF ON (Qo 0° 2 youtq uodeg f° 0° 0° 0° 0° Be (s,0 (oy - youTq 4oome L°L 0° 0° 0° 0° Se 5 G° = YOuTG MOTTER tr° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° t° - eTdew uesng tr’ Ze ewe One 9° E°t 2°n ON 0 - etTdeu pay SOS (0) Gig 6°2 Ge L°ty 9°9 9° OL f°7 SpOOM4 jos Te4OL
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+62 6°92 6°02 6° SL 6°9L 6° tL 6°21 6°OL ee “O° l2 -0°6L “O° LL -O°SL -O°EL SOU -0°6 setoeds
(VUBTeYyY 4yseeuq 4e SeyoUT) sseTO ueyoweTG
(q@eJ oTqno Jo suOTTTTw UT)
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(1yB1iey 7sDauq 1D Sayoul) ssp]9 uwazewnig p(12ef papoq Jo suor}] Iw ur)
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S°098 tealie 0°89 9° St 9°S8 f° LL 6° tL2 L°0gz2 G°L2 setoeds [Te ‘Te,O] 9° 1789 in be 6°SS 7° 62 8°99 7° 96 L°?2gl 9°2t2 = Spoompuey TeqIO]
Br On 0° O° Nb ?@ {7° (0)? 2° - Spoompuey 19440 BOT OF 0° 0° Os 0° 0° inal = wid f° 96L esd Gach Gui Br LL 0°92 €°QsS 1°18 = SyeO pou s9y4d 6° LSL G°sS Oic 1° 8 Qo iil 2°92 L°6€ 0°6€ = yeO pet usey4u0. 0°89 O- ofS 6°9 S°8 0°83 ISOC? L°St = yeo O4TUM Or 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° - faaeyo yoeTa G°9 @° 0° 0° 0° 0° tL L°S = uedsy €* et 0° 0° 8°9 S°9 O°t 6° trl 2°Ol = yse o4TUM G°SL 0° Ox 0° 9°S E°sS tol Cae = yooog nas On 0° 0° Om G*l het 9° t = AJOHOTH 0° 0° OF (0) 0° 0° 0° Om = youtq uedeg 9°L @* On 0° @* Call: Gl 8°t = YouTq 7O9°MT o°S 0° 0° Oh 0° f° L Sof 9°2 = YoUTQ MOTTE L°e On (Oy Om Ol Ol 0° Log = etdew uesns Ih? es)ih 9° EL g° cl QUE 0°02 GEE O° Le 6°8S = eTdew pey B°SLL 0° iil e°9L 1° St Pole NOPE G* Lt G°le SPpOOM4jJOS Te]
S*t 0° 0° 0° (0) 6° SOT Sai) Om SPpOOMZJOS 19440 0° 0° 0° OF On 0° 0° 0)? 0° yooTwey 9°OSL Om L°?eL e°9l 1° gl G°9OL 9°Le f° LE LE auTd 34TUM T° Lb (0) 0° 0° 0° IS O°L 6°t g°l eutd yo4td Gio 0° 0° (o)” Oe ( 8°C¢ 6°E 9°¢ eutd pey
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60
Table 46.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of growing-stock volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island, 1971-84
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Species Net growth Removals White pine 790 -857 Other softwoods -1,066 0) Total softwoods -276 -857 Red maple 3,023 -689 Yellow birch 142 -147 Sweet birch 165 0 Hickory 358 -139 Beech 384 0 White ash 1,128 0 Aspen 156 0 White oak -575 -420 Northern red oak 2,525 -1,080 Other red oaks 3,154 -820 Other hardwoods -766 -46 Total hardwoods 9,694 -3, 341 Total, all species 9,418 -4,198
Table 47.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of sawtimber volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island,
1971-84 (In thousands of board feet)*
Species Net growth Removals White pine 3,218 -3,530 Other softwoods -1,532 0)
Total softwoods 1,686 -3,530 Red maple 6,739 -438 Sweet birch 612 0 Hickory 312 -195 Aspen 303 0 White oak 167 -1, 136 Northern red oak 10,589 -2,777 Other red oaks 5,309 -1,973 Other hardwoods 2,984 -363
Total hardwoods 27,015 -6, 883 Total, all species 28,701 -10,413
Se e —— —E——e—Ee—e—ee—E—e—eeeEee————e———e
*International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 48.--Average annual mortality of growing-stock and sawtimber volume on timberland by species, Rhode Island, 1971-84
Species Growing stock Sawtimber Thousand cubic feet Thousand board feet” White pine -173 -680 Other softwoods -703 -1,619 Total softwoods -876 -2,299 Red maple =200 -407 Yellow birch 0 a Sweet birch -12 0 Hickory -47 0 Beech 0 a White ash -8 a Aspen -127 0 White oak -739 -326 Northern red oak -77 0 Other red oaks -355 -1,411 Other hardwoods -777 -47 Total hardwoods =2, 342 -2,191 Total, all species -3,218 -4,490
a Included in Other hardwoods DbInternational 1/4-inch rule.
Table 49.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of growing-stock volume on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Growth Removals Ownership SSS Se SS class All All Softwoods Hardwoods groups Softwoods Hardwoods groups Public -148 1,726 1,578 0 -561 -561 Private -128 7,968 7,840 -857 -2,780 -3, 637 Total, all classes -276 9,694 9,418 -857 -3, 341 -4, 198
Table 50.--Average annual net growth and average annual removals of sawtimber volume on timberland by ownership class and species group, Rhode Island, 1971-84.
(In thousands of board feet)?
Growth Removals Ownership —— class All All Softwoods Hardwoods groups Softwoods Hardwoods groups Public 0 4,540 4,540 0 0 0 Private 1,686 22,475 24,161 -3,530 -6, 883 -10,413 Total, all classes 1,686 27,015 28,701 -3,530 -6,883 -10,413
“International 1/4-ineh rule.
63
Table 51.--Output* of timber products by product, softwoods and hardwoods, and source of material, Rhode Island, 1984
(In standard units and thousands of cubic feet)
Output from Output from
Total output
Product < roundwood mill residues and species Standard Units group Number Thousand Number Thousand Number Thousand of units ecubie feet of units ecubie feet of units cubic feet Sawlogs Softwood M board feet 2,354 360 0 0 2,354 360 Hardwood M board feet 4,290 679 0 0 4,290 679 Total M board feet 6,644 1,039 0 0 6,644 1,039 Veneer Softwood M board feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hardwood M board feet 50 8 0 0 50 8 Total M board feet 50 8 0 0 50 8 Pulpwood® Softwood Standard cords 0 0 12 1 12 1 Hardwood Standard cords 0 0) 188 16 188 16 Total Standard cords 0 0 200 U7/ 200 17 Other products® Softwood M board feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hardwood a tboarderect 81 13 0 0 81 13 Total M board feet 81 13 0 0 81 13 ALL INDUSTRIAL Softwood 360 1 361 Hardwood 700 16 716 Total 1,060 Uy/ 1,077 Fuelwood® Softwood Standard cords 807 65 47 854 68 Hardwood Standard cords 93,547 7,484 267 21 93,814 7,505 Total Standard cords 94,354 7,548 314 25 94,668 7,573 ALL proDucts! Softwood 425 5 429 Hardwood 8,184 37 8,221 Total 8,609 42 8,650
“The volume of wood received at manufacturing plants that used roundwood products.
Board feet is expressed on the International 1/4-inech rule basis and standard cords is expressed on a rough wood basis (includes both roundwood and chips).
A standard cord of pulpwood is equivalent to 85 cubic feet of solid wood.
Includes pallet stock.
A standard cord of fuelwood is equivalent to 80 cubic feet of solid wood.
Does not include 96,000 cubic feet of softwood and 265,000 cubic feet of hardwood residues used for agricultural bedding.
64
Table 52.--Output of roundwood products by product, softwoods and hardwoods, and source of material , Rhode Island, 1984
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Product Growing-stock trees Rough Salvable andespecics— eee and dead Other All group Poletimber Sawtimber Total rotten trees sources sources Sawlogs Softwood 0 285 285 44 2 32 360 Hardwood 1 564 565 54 7 53 679 Total 1 849 850 95 9 85 1,039 Veneer Softwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hardwood 0 i If 0 0) 1 8 Total 0 7 7 0 0 1 8 Pulpwood Softwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 Other products Softwood 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 Hardwood 0 12 12 1 0 0 13 Total 0) 12 12 1 0 0 13 ALL INDUSTRIAL Softwood 0) 285 285 44 2 32 360 Hardwood 1 583 584 55 7 54 700 Total 1 868 869 96 9 86 1,060 Fuelwood Softwood 0 6 6 7/ 19 23 65 Hardwood 86 543 629 1,979 2,188 2,688 7,484 Total 86 549 635 1,996 2,207 By (ii) 7,549 ALL PRODUCTS Softwood 0 291 291 58 21 55 425 Hardwood 87 1,126 Wes 2,034 2,195 2,742 8, 184 Total 87 1,417 1,504 2,092 2,216 2,797 8,609
@Growing-stock trees, rough or rotten cull trees, and salvable dead trees are from tim- berland only. Other sources include trees less than 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height and tree tops and limbs from timberland, as well as any material from nontimberland or non- forest land such as fencerows, pastureland, and urban areas.
65
‘Xe
00
bd
x
2 Xd N
w
0 mM
fon) n
A= ra)
2 S
5 rs)
oO n L (0) iS ww Oo
OX» XX Weaceces KS foes 250505 esecectctetetcs
24%
Cull
material, Rhode Island, 1984
Salvable dead 26%
Output of roundwood products by source of
66
Table 53.--Timber removals from growing stock and sawtimber on timberland by component and softwoods and hardwoods, Rhode Island, 1984
Growing stock Sawtimber Component of PIES TIBUE Neus) Softwoods Hardwoods on Softwoods Hardwoods NU species species -------- Thousand cubic feet-------- -------Thousand board Poatessoces Roundwood products: Sawlogs 285 565 850 1,862 3,563 5,425 Veneer 0) 7 7 0 4y 44 Pulpwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other products 0 12 12 0 15 75 Fuelwood 6 629 635 38 2,317 2,355 All products 291 1,213 1,504 1,900 5,999 7,899 Logging residues 19 65 84 122 410 532 Withdrawals 89 305 394 245 748 992 Total removals 399 1,583 1,982 2,267 Up USE 9,423
"Logging residue does not include material from tree tops and limbs. Land use change includes land sufficiently productive to be classified as timberland, but withdrawn from production through administrative designation, such as for wilderness or parks.
International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 54.--Volume of unused residues from primary manufacturing plants by softwoods and hardwoods, type of residue, and industry, Rhode Island, 1984
(In thousands of cubic feet)
Species group and Other All type of residue Lumber Veneer industries industries Softwoods , Coarse 3 0 0 3 Fine 3 0 0 3 Total 6 0 0 6 Hardwoods Coarse 2 0 0 2 Fine 0 0 0 0 Total 2 0 0 2
All species
Coarse 5 0 0 5 Fine 3 0 , & 3 Total 8 (0) 0 8
ee ee ee eee @Includes slabs, edgings, trimmings, veneer cores, and other material suitaple for chipping. Includes sawdust, shavings, and other materials considered unsuitable for chipping.
67
Table 55.--Change in area of timberland between inventories by stand-size elass, Rhode Island, 1972-85
(In thousands of acres)
Stand-size class 1972 1985 Change Change Percent Sawtimber 107.2 167.5 60.3 56 Poletimber flivaileenl 183.1 12.0 T Sapling and seedling 119.3 ileal -98.2 -82 Nonstocked .0 -0 -0 0 All classes 397.6 SiAlnen -25.9 -7
Table 56.--Change in volume between inventories, Rhode Island, 1972-85
Growing-stock Species group
1972 1985 Change Change --- Millions of cubic feet --- Percent Softwoods 70.3 56.3 -14.0 -20 Hardwoods 269.2 347.7 78.5 29 Total, all groups 339.5 404.0 64.5 19 Sawtimber --- Millions of board feet* --- Percent Softwoods 198.6 175.8 -22.8 -11 Hardwoods 435.6 684.6 249.0 57 Total, all groups 634.3 860.5 226.2 36
@International 1/4-inch rule.
G86l cLbL
26h 4equiya|Od oy Aequinea|od
AS) Buidos /Bulpaes Rexeroe ROS
%Z 4aquilyMos
%Gy Jequinmos
G86t pue 2Z6T ‘puels] spouy ‘sse[d azIs—pueys Aq puel[iaquity jo early
69
70
Table 57.--Sampling errors for estimates in various state-level tables, 1972 and 1985
Rhode Island,
(In percent)
Stand-size class
76 96
Area by ees See Sawtimber White/red pine 46 Hard pine 99 Oak/pine 46 Oak/hickory U0 Elm/ash/red maple 46 Northern hardwoods 46 Aspen/birch - All groups ilictirentt F Number of Species and diameter class a OSS (Table 19) (1"+) (5"+) Red pine 96 96 Pitch pine UT 54 White pine 35 22 Hemlock 69 100 Other softwoods 56 all Softwoods 25 20 Red maple 19 15 Sugar maple 75 75 Yellow birch 47 35 Sweet birch 6 34 Paper birch 100 100 Hickory 40 30 Beech 58 64 White ash 34 34 Aspen 52 52 Black cherry 68 74 White oak 14 14 Northern red oak 19 15 Other red oaks 19 13 Elm 82 82 Other hardwoods yy 59 Hardwoods 9 7 Total, all species 8.5 6.1 D.b.h. class (inches) 150) WO) Zo) 14 3.0 to 4.9 21 5.0 ito 6.9 9 oO tee) Soe) 9 9.0 to 10.9 8 a0) vO Wad) 10 13.0 to 14.9 11 15.0 to 16.9 16 7/o@ ie iisha©) 19 19.0 to 20.9 29 260 vO Aesin°) 25 29 + 66
All Poletimber Seip ene Nonstocked CESSES seedling 71 39 73 59 70 38 12 46 i 71 39 71 37 - ial 71 10.4 37.9 2.4 Growing-stock Sawtimber volume volume (Table 38 Table 39) (Table 41 Table 42) 70 94 45 55 50 53 30 29 30 33 71 100 96 - 71 74 101 83 27 26 26 31 24 16 33 23 100 66 - (2 54 30 87 if 72 38 - 58 101 100 - - 53 36 97 yy 100 72 99 83 64 48 73 59 78 52 74 62 73 65 73 = 20 13 26 23 20 14 38 17 15 12 21 16 71 73 101 100 3)\| 4O 51 50 9 Ul 15 10 oP 6.6 9.5 9.9 13 9 = - 11 9 = = 10 9 35 23 12 10 14 11 12 11 14 11 18 17 18 17 20 19 20 19 35 29 32 29 26 25 ay 5) 73 70 71 70
COUNTY TABLES
Providence
i Newport
COUNTY TABLES
72
Table 58.--Land area by county and land class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Forest land area
County Timberland Productive Urban Unproductive Total
reserved forest forest
Kent 66.1 6.1 0 53} 72.5
Providence 150.5 1.6 4.2 1.5 157.9 Bristol/Newport/
Washington 1S 5rre off -0 18.6 174.5
Total iol 8.4 4.2 20.5 404.8
Non-
forest
37.6 108.4
124.1
270.3
Table 59.--Area of timberland by ownership class and county, Rhode Island,
Ownership class Kent National Forest 0 Other federal 03} State 8.3 County and municipal 0 Total public 8.6 Forest industry 0 Farmer Ball Miscellaneous private: Individual 43.0 Corporate . 0 Other 11.8 Total private 57.5 All ownerships 66.1
(In thousands of acres)
County Providence Bristol/Newport/ Washington 0 .0 -0 3 8.9 17.0 10.4 -0 19.3 17 «3 1.8 2.6 14.2 12.9 101.0 87.8 Tol 19.1 Toll 1b 35 Siok 137.9 150.5 155.2
All counties
Total land area
110.1 266.3 298.6
675.1
1985
Table 60.--Area of timberland by county and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of acres)
Forest-type group
SSS All County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Nortiern Aspen/ groups red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwyods birch Kent 3.9 5.9 9.6 3an5 5.6 Beir 0 66.1 Providence 2.4 -0 11.0 121.0 4.2 5.6 6.2 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington divers 6.6 8.9 101.8 Stent 13.2 .0 155.2 Total, all counties 17.0 iad) 29.5 256.1 23.0 27.4 6.2 ey flav Table 61.--Area of timberland by county and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres) Stand-size class County Sapling and All Sawtimber Poletimber seedling Nonstocked classes Kent 29.8 B32 3.0 0 66.1 Providence 52.4 80.0 18.1 -0 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington 85.3 69.9 0 0) 155.2 Total, all counties 167.5 183.1 Din .0 371.7 Table 62.--Area of timberland by county and cubie-foot stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres) Stand-volume class (cubie feet per acre) County 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Ath = - e 2 Si 00 el s 499 999 1499 1999 2499 ad gees Kent 15.6 16.3 13.8 3.9 8.7 8.7 66.1 Providence 13e3 34.8 45.3 29.8 13.9 13.2 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington 9.4 61.8 56.9 17-4 7.4 2ae 155.2 Total, all counties 38.4 112.9 116.9 50.3 29.9 24.1 EHV
Table 63.--Area of timberlan= by county and gre_n ton stand-volume class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres) Stand-volume class (green tons per acre) County All 0-49 50-99 100-149 150+ classes Kent 3B0f/ 14.1 6.6 9.7 66.1 Providence 38}55) 75.9 41.2 .0 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington 22.3 124.2 8.7 -0 155.2 Total, all counties 91.5 214.1 56.5 9.7 371.7 Table 64.--Area of timberland by county and stocking class of growing-stock trees, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres) Stocking class County Poorly Moderately Fully Over- All Nonstoecked stocked stocked stocked stocked classes Kent -0 Soff 17.6 Bee 66.1 Providence -0 2.9 39.8 76.2 5 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington -0 26.9 X36 1/ 43.4 26.1 155.2 Total, all counties -0 33.5 11061 152.3 69.8 Silent Table 65.--Area of timberland by county and productivity class, Rhode Island, 1985 (In thousands of acres) Productivity class (cubic feet/acre/year ) Very good Good Fair Poor All County (120+ ) (85-119) (50-84) (20-49) classes Kent -0 6.7 16.1 43.3 66.1 Providence 1.8 11s} 41.3 96.1 150.5 Bristol/Newport/ Washington 2.2 6.6 26.8 119.5 155.2 Total, all counties 4.0 24.6 84.2 258.8 Sialvents
74
Table 66.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Forest-type group
County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Northern Aspen/
red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwoods birch
Kent 8.5 5eT 3.2 26.0 8.3 14.7 -0
Providence 3.9 -0 16.5 150.3 10.6 6.8 off Bristol/Newport/
Washington Bil oil Zo 1 8.6 92.1 10.1 13.9 -0
Total, all counties 33.4 8.8 28.4 268.3 29.0 35.4 off
Table 67.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by county and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of cubic feet)
Stand-size class
All COREY Sawtimber Poletimber SEDANS 2g Nonstocked CHESS seedling Kent 41.9 24.0 5 -0 66.4 Providence 92.1 90.0 6.6 a0) 188.7 Bristol/Newport/ Washington 93.4 55.5. .0 .0 148.9
Total, all counties 227.4 169.5 {fol -0 404.0
All groups
75
76
Table 68.--Net volume of growing-stock trees on timberland by species
Species
Red pine
Pitch pine White pine Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Soft maples Sugar maple Yellow birch Sweet birch Paper birch Hickory
Beech
White ash
Aspen
Black cherry White oak Northern red oak Other red oaks Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
and county, Rhode Island, 1985
ine) °
=3W 3 0 0 6 °
Ww Ul Cache O
a
e
ODVOOWWOONFf CON O £
(In millions of cubic feet)
County
Providence
_ inv) e
OoNwoowrFfrFnonwwnorth
- £ °
J e
; ae = oo ol wo - Oi. fol en te ure) Xe
— ~ = Ov
188.7
Bristol/Newport/ Washington
—y e
or ver 9 noOn~7 —=—MWM- = 00 0 0 eo e e
FOODOOOWO@MOM)0 FW VI
lo
All Counties
[oo \O °
- OV aleue) es, ie 20
a
= Ov @ Ww U1 U1 OV °
9S OW
e wWwNowumn fon fFwoaowvwo
ds °
Table 69.--Net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber trees on timberland by county and species group, Rhode Island, 1985
Growing stock Sawtimber
County Softwoods Hardwoods All groups Softwoods Hardwoods All groups
--------- Million cubic feet---------- ---------Million board foot =sssas=-
Kent 15.0 51.4 66.4 471.2 126.0 167.3
Providence 14.2 174.6 188.7 MG 7 326.1 367.8 Bristol/Newport/
Washington PAE | Zio 148.9 92.9 232.5 325.4
Total, all counties 56.3 347.7 404.0 175.8 684.6 860.5
@International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 70.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and forest-type group, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of board feet)*
Forest-type group
—EoEoaE—E—E—E—Ee——E—E—————E——— SS All County White/ Hard Oak/ Oak/ Elm/ash/ Northern Aspen/ groups red pine pine pine hickory red maple hardwoods birch Kent 26.1 9.5 7.0 46.9 23.8 54.0 -0 167.3 Providence 7.6 -0 43.7 279.2 23.0 13.6 -6 367.8 Bristol/Newport/ Washington (Soil 5.6 15.6 187.1 18.7 25.3 a0) 325.4
Total, all counties 106.7 15.01 66.3 513.3 65.5 92.9 -6 860.5
@International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 71.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by county and stand-size class, Rhode Island, 1985
(In millions of board feet)*
Stand-size class
All Geounty Sawtimber Poletimber Sapling and Nonstocked elasaes seedling
Kent 134.4 31.2 trail -0 167.3
Providence 259.1 95.9 12.8 -0 367.8 Bristol/Newport/
Washington 272.3 Baia .0 .0 325.4
Total, all counties 665.8 180.2 14.4 .0 860.5
*International 1/4-ineh rule.
77
78
Table 72.--Net volume of sawtimber trees on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island,
Species
Red pine
Pitch pine White pine Hemlock
Other softwoods
Total softwoods
Red maple
Sugar maple Yellow birch Sweet birch Paper birch Hickory
Beech
White ash
Aspen
Black cherry White oak Northern red oak Other red oaks Elm
Other hardwoods
Total hardwoods
Total, all species
aInternational
1 PM
= Nt hoe = °
—- WwW WFwo oo Oo O OC
GCDOMANMNODOOWWWN OC ONO
126.0 167.3
1/4-inch rule.
1985
(In millions of board feet)®
County
Providence
~ = ee
- e
Ww un Oo G0 0 0 OH DAWO DTD OHANONOONA
~]0 fo —3= = NOF oo Oo
Bristol/Newport/ Washington
1 -— e) Mel tele
OF WOOO UAW =
All counties
9.2 11.4 150.6 -0 4.5
175.8
=) Ov
YUN A
°
== ANUA uns :
ss Oo Ul OD
a - A-~A © eo Oo Od
MH FoOOOUWWWT =| OVNNM A
Table 73.--Number of all live nut- and fruit-producing trees on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Species
Eastern redcedar Hickory
Dogwood
Beech
Blaeckgum
Blaek cherry White oak Searlet oak
Pin oak
Northern red oak Black oak Sassafras
Total, all species
(In thousands of trees)
County
Providence
.0 195.9 .0
.0 .0 107.5 2,302.0 2,073.9 nO) 6,308.7 4,161.9 152.7
15, 302.6
Bristol/Newport/ Washington
22.2 543.0 108.6 439.1 198.6 642.7
3,463.3 4,549.0
-0 993.5
1,302.5
162.9
12,425.4
All counties
222 75722 108.6 948.9 198.6 750.2
7,027.0 8,359.4 84.2 8,613.8 6,604.0 315.6
33, 789.7
Table 74.--Number of seedlings, saplings, and shrubs with observed browse and percent of total on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Species
Red maple Flowering dogwood White ash
Pin cherry
Black cherry
Total trees
Spirea species Blueberry speciess
Total deciduous shrubs
All species
Kent
Number browsed
4,906.7
-0 17, 254.5
17,254.5
22,161.2
(In thousands of stems)
Percent of total
(@) (2) (©) (s) (=)
County
Provide
Number browsed
2,730.7 -0 9,394.6 -0 2,442.6 14,567.8
1565-3 -0
1,365.3
15 , 933-2
nce
Percent of total
o--—
Bristol/Newport/ Washington
Number Percent browsed of total
° (2) GOOONO
7,083.5
10, 248.9
Total browsed
22, 640.0
1,365.3 24 , 338.0
25,703.3
48 , 343.3
79
Table 75.--Number of standing dead trees (5.0+ inches d.b.h.) on timberland by species and county, Rhode Island, 1985
(In thousands of trees)
County Bristol/Newport/ All
Species Kent Providence Washington counties Red pine 86.9 .0 50) 86.9 Pitch pine 590.0 0 0 590.0 White pine 10 .0 124.8 124.8 Other softwoods 0 .0 366.9 366.9 Total softwoods 676.9 50) 491.8 1, 1687 Red maple 0 363.9 146.3 510.2 Sweet birch -0 .0 54.3 54.3 Hickory 0 -0 54.3 54.3 White ash 0 106.0 131.0 23}1( 00) Black cherry m0) 53300) .0 53.0 White oak 217.4 834.9 1,172.6 2,224.8 Northern red oak 254.0 1,O116%/ 116.8 1,382.5 Other red oaks Dilfot 317.1 229.0 663.2 Elm -0 195.5 0 195.5 Other commercial hardwoods Ae) 232.2 0 232.2 Noncommercial hardwoods -0 124.5 54.3 178.8 Total hardwoods 588.4 3,238.9 1,958.7 5,785.9
Total, all species 1,265.3 3,238.9 2,450.4 6,954.6
Table 76.--Index to land-use edge by type of land use and county, Rhode Island, 1985
Land-use edge type
Forest - forest shrub agricultural/ herbaceous eultural
Shrub - agricultural/ herbaceous eultural
Agicultural/herbaceous - eultural
Hedgerow
Transportation right-of-way
Utility right-of-way
Aquatic All types Number of edge plots
Number of edge hits
55.9 16
501
(Edge hits per thousand acres)
County Bristol/Newport/ All Providence Washington counties Lo 10.0 8.6 1.8 2.4 Bok SjaZ 6.0 4.1 flalran(s 8.2 10.51 6 .8 6 tl a5) 6 8 2.0 oS} 5 30 1.6 10.8 15.0 13.8 2.9 ofl 6 8.8 13.2 1o® 48.7 61.8 5B.al0) 38 44 95 1,036 1,418 2,955
“Edge condition on an aerial photograph sampled by a line transect (Brooks and Sykes 1984).
81
82
Table
County
Kent
Providence Bristol/Newport/ Washington
Total
77.--Sampling errors for various county-level estimates,
Rhode Island, 1985
(In percent)
Timberland Growing-stock area volume 2.6 18.9 3.2 9.6 4.8 9.9 2.4 6.6
Sawtimber volume
APPENDIX
83
Literature Cited
Brooks, Robert T.; Sykes, Karen J. 1984. Sampling land use edge from aerial photographs--line transect vs. circular patterns. Res. Note NE-321. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Stataoniy Op.
Peters, John R.; Bowers, Theresa M. 1977. Forest Statistics for Rhode Island. Resour. Bull. NE-49. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 38 p.
Seott, Charles T. 1979. Northeastern forest survey board-foot volume equations. Res.Note NE-271. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Scott, Charles T. 1981. Northeastern forest survey revised cubic-foot volume equations. Res. Note NE-304. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Appendix
Definition of Terms
Acceptable tree. (a) Live sawtimber trees that do not qualify as preferred trees but are not cull trees. (b) Live poletimber trees that prospectively will not qualify as preferred trees, but are not now or prospectively cull trees.
Accretion. The estimated net growth on growing-stock trees that were measured during the previous inventory, divided by the number of growing seasons between surveys. It does not include the growth on trees that were cut during the period, nor those trees that died.
al i/herb Al - Land with herbaceous plant cover, both grasses and/or forbs, including cropland, pasture land, and natural grass lands.
Aquatic edge. An edge condition created when a terrestrial land use abuts a lake, pond, river, stream, or major wetland.
Basal area class. A classification of forest land in terms of basal area (cross sectional area of a tree stem at breast height in square feet per acre) of all live trees of all sizes.
Board-foot. A unit of lumber measurement 1 foot
long, 1 foot wide, and 1 inch thick, or its equivalent.
84
Board-foot stand-volume class. A classification of forest land in terms of net board-foot volume of sawtimber trees per acre.
Bog /M Ss - Land that has less than 10 percent stocking with live trees; and which characteristically supports low, generally herbaceous or shrubby vegetation, and which is intermittently covered with water during all seasons; includes tidal areas that are covered with salty or brackish water during high tides.
Browse. Forage resource; defined here as current twig growth of woody-stemmed plants occurring between 1 and 8 feet in height.
Browse-utilization class. Four levels of browse use; none, light (1-10 percent available), moderate (11-40), and heavy (greater than 40 percent).
Cabin Jog. A relatively slender roundwood product that is cut to standard sizes; meets specifications of strength, straightness, and soundness; and is finished for use in constructing cabins, barns, and other buildings.
Cavity. A hollowed out space in a tree, either natural or faunal caused; frequently used as a nesting site or temporary refuge by many species of wildlife.
Coarse pesidues. Manufacturing residues suitable for chipping, such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores.
Commercial species. Tree species presently or prospectively suitable for industrial wood products. Excludes species of typically small size, poor form, or inferior quality, such as hawthorn or sumac.
Condition class. Classification of trees based on live or dead and condition of top of the tree (i.e. intact, broken, dead).
Cord. See Standard cord.
County and municipal Jands. Lands owned by
counties and local public agencies or municipalities or leased to them for 50 years or more.
Cropland. Land that currently supports agricultural crops including silage and feed grains, bare farm fields resulting from cultivation or harvest, and maintained orchards.
Cubic-foot stand-volume class. A classification
of forest land in terms of net cubic-foot volume of all live trees per acre.
Cull tree. A rough tree or a rotten tree.
Cull increment. The net volume of growing-stock trees on the previous inventory that became rough or rotten trees in the current inventory, divided by the number of growing seasons between surveys.
Cultural jJand. Land with human development as the major land cover; includes industrial, commercial, and residential land uses.
i r hei -Dishewis ee ne diameter outside bark of a standing tree measured at 4-1/2 feet above the ground.
Farmer-owned lands. Lands owned by farm operators, whether part of the farmstead or not. Excludes land leased by farm operators from nonfarm owners.
Federal lands. Lands (other than National Forests) administered by Federal agencies.
Fine residues. Manufacturing residues not suitable for chipping, such as sawdust and shavings.
Forest industry lands. Lands owned by companies or individuals that operate primary wood-using plants.
Forest land. Land that is at least 10 percent stocked with trees of any size, or that formerly had such tree cover and is not currently developed for a nonforest use. The minimum area for classification of forest land is 1 acre.
Forest type. A classification of forest land based on the species that form a plurality of live tree basal area stocking.
Forest-type group. A combination of forest
types that share closely associated species or site requirements. The many forest types in Rhode Island were combined into the following major forest-type groups (the descriptions apply to forests in Rhode Island): ;
a. White/red pine--forests in which white pine, hemlock, or red pine make up the plurality of the stocking, singly or in combination; common associates include sugar maple, red maple, red spruce, balsam fir, and paper birch.
b. Hard pine--forests in which eastern redecedar or pitch pine, singly or in combination comprise a plurality of the stocking; common associates include oaks, gray birch, red maple, and blackgun.
e. OQak/pine--forests in which northern red oak or white ash, singly or in combination, make up a plurality of the stocking but where white pine contributes 25 to 50 percent of the stocking; beech, red spruce, and sugar maple are associates.
d. OQOak/hickory--forests in which upland oaks, red maple (when associated with central hardwoods), or hawthorn, singly or in combination, make up a plurality of the stocking and in which white pine makes up less than 25 percent of the stocking; common associates include white pine, paper birch, red spruce, beech, hemlock, sugar maple, and red maple.
e. Elm/ash/red maple--forests in which black ash, elm, red maple (when growing on wet sites), willow, or green ash, singly or in combination, make up a plurality of the stocking; common associates include balsam fir, red maple, aspen, and white ash.
f. Northern hardwoods--forests in which sugar maple, beech, yellow birch, red maple (when associated with northern hardwoods), pin cherry, or black cherry, singly or in combination, make up a plurality of the stocking; common associates include balsam fir, red spruce, paper birch, hemlock, white ash, aspen, and basswood.
g. Aspen/birch--forests in which aspen, paper birch, or gray birch, singly or in combination, make up a plurality of the stocking; common associates include balsam fir, red maple, red spruce, white ash, and white pine.
Fuelwood. Round, split, or chipped woody material (with or without bark) that is converted to household, commercial, or industrial energy.
Geographic unit. A county or a group of
counties within a state that is large enough to provide an adequate sample that will yield statistically reliable estimates of timberland area, volume, and components of change.
Green ton. A unit of measure of green weight equivalent to 2,000 pounds or 907.1848 kilograms.
Green ton stand-volume class. A classification of forest land in terms of net green weight of the aboveground components of all live trees per unit area. It is usually expressed in green tons per acre.
Green weight. The weight of wood and bark as it would be if it had been recently cut. It is
usually expressed in pounds or tons.
Gross growth. The sum of accretion and ingrowth. Growing-stock trees. Live trees of commercial
species classified as sawtimber, poletimber, saplings, or seedlings; that is, all live trees of commercial species except rough and rotten trees.
85
Growing-stock volume. Net volume, in cubic feet, of growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger from a 1-foot stump to a minimum
4 .0-inch top diameter outside bark of the central stem, or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs. Net volume equals gross volume, less deduction for cull.
Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broad-leaved and deciduous.
Harvested cropland. All land from which crops were harvested or hay was cut and all land in orchards, citrus groves, vineyards, and nursery and greenhouse products.
Idle farmland. Former cropland or pasture that has not been tended within the last 2 years and that has less than 10 percent stocking with live trees, (established seedlings or larger trees) regardless of species.
Improved/maintained pasture. Land that is currently used and maintained for grazing (not including grazed cropland).
Indian lands. (a) Lands held in trust by the United States or States for Indian tribes or individual Indians. (b) Lands owned in fee by Indian tribes whether subject to Federal or State restrictions against alienation or not.
at trial 1m ial - supply yards, parking lots, factories, etc.
Industrial ts. All roundwood products except fuelwood.
In wth. The estimated net volume of growing-stock trees that became 5.0 inches d.b.h. or larger during the period between inventories, divided by the number of growing seasons between surveys.
International i1/4-inch rule. A log rule or formula for estimating the board-foot volume of logs. The mathematical formula is:
(0.22p°
- 0.71D) (0.904762)
for 4-foot sections, where D=diameter inside bark at the small end of the log section. This rule is used as the USDA Forest Service standard log rule in the Eastern United States.
Land area. (a) Bureau of Census: The area of dry land and land temporarily or partly covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains; streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 1/8 statute mile wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 40 acres in area. (b) Forest Inventory and Analysis: same as (a) except that the minimum width of streams, etc., is 120 feet, and the minimum size of lakes, etc., is 1 acre.
Land-use edge. A condition created by the juxtaposition of two differing land uses.
86
Logging residues. The unused portions of growing-stock trees harvested or killed in the process of logging.
Manufacturing plant residues. Wood materials that are generated when round timber (roundwood) is converted into wood products. This includes slabs, edgings, trimmings, bark, miscuts, sawdust, shavings, veneer cores and clippings, and pulp screening. If these residues are used, they are referred to as plant byproducts.
Mast. Seed produced by woody-stemmed, perennial plants, generally refers to soft (fruit) and hard (nuts) mast.
Mining and waste land. Surface mining, gravel
pits, dumps.
Miscellaneous private lands. Privately owned lands other than forest industry and farmer-owned lands.
Mortality. The estimated net volume of growing-stock trees at the previous inventory that died from natural causes before the current inventory, divided by the number of growing seasons between surveys.
National Forest lands. Federal lands legally designated as National Forests or purchase units and other lands administered as part of the National Forest System by the USDA Forest Service.
Net change. The difference between the current and previous inventory estimates of growing-stock volume, divided by the number of growing seasons between surveys. Components of net change are ingrowth plus accretion, minus mortality, minus cull increment, minus removals.
Net green weight. The green weight of woody
material less the weight of all unsound (rotten) material.
Net growth. The change, resulting from natural causes, in growing-stock volume during the period between surveys, divided by the number of growing seasons. Components of net growth are ingrowth plus accretion, minus mortality, minus cull increment.
Noncensus water. Streams/rivers between 120 feet and 1/8 mile in width, and bodies of water between 1 and 40 acres in size. The Burea of the Census classifies such water as land.
Noncommercial forest land. Productive reserved, urban, and unproductive forest land.
Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small size, poor form, or inferior quality that normally do not develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.
Nonforest Jand. Lard that has never supported forests, or land formerly forested but now in nonforest use such as cropland, pasture, residential areas, and highways.
Nonsalvable dead tree. A dead tree with most or all of its bark missing that is at least 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height and is at least 10 feet in height.
Nonstocked area. A stand-size class of forest land that is stocked with less than 10 percent of minimum full stocking with all live trees.
Other cropland. Includes cropland used for cover crops; legumes, soil-improvement.
Other farmland. All nonforest land on a farm excluding cropland, pasture, and idle farmland; includes farm lanes, stock pens, and farmsteads.
Ownership class. A classification of forest
land based upon ownership and nature of business or control of decisionmaking for the land. It encompasses all types of legal entities having ownership interest in the land, whether public or private.
Pasture land. Includes any pasture land other than cropland and woodland pasture. Can include lands which had applied lime fertilizer, seed, improved by irrigation, drainage, or control of weeds and brush.
Pas c it - Includes rotation pasture and grazing land that would have been used for crops without additional improvement.
Pili il - Relatively slender structural roundwood products that are cut to the maximum length possible (within top circumference and other specifications of strength, straightness, and soundness) that when nearly buried in the ground provide vertical or lateral support for buildings, foundations, bridges, docks, and other structures.
Plant byproducts. Wood products, such as pulp chips, recycled from manufacturing plant residues.
Poletimber stand. A stand-size class of forest land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of minimum full stocking with all live trees with half or more of such stocking in poletimber or Sawtimber trees or both, and in which the stocking of poletimber exceeds that of Sawtimber.
Poletimber tree. Live trees of commercial Species meeting regional specifications of soundness and form and at least 5.0 inches in d.b.h., but smaller than sawtimber trees.
Preferred tree. A high-quality tree, froma lumber viewpoint, that would be favored in
cultural operations. General characteristics include grade 1 butt log (if sawtimber size),
good form, good vigor, and freedom from serious damage.
Productive reserved forest Jand. Forest land sufficiently productive to qualify as timberland, but withdrawn from timber utilization through statute, administrative designation, or exclusive use for Christmas tree production.
Primary manufacturing plant. A plant that converts round timber into wood products such as woodpulp, lumber, veneer, cooperage, and dimension products.
Pulpwood. Roundwood converted into 4- or 5-foot lengths or chips, and chipped plant byproducts that are prepared for manufacture into woodpulp.
Recreation site. Parks, campgrounds, playing
fields, tracks, etc.
Removals. The net growing-stock volume harvested or killed in logging, cultural operations--such as timber stand improvement--or land clearing, and also the net growing-stock volume neither harvested nor killed but growing on land that was reclassified from timberland to noncommercial forest land during the period between surveys. This volume is divided by the number of growing seasons.
Ri -of- . Highways, pipelines, powerlines, canals. Rotten tree. A live tree of commercial species
that does not contain at least one 12-foot sawlog or two noncontiguous sawlogs, each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively, and does not meet regional specifications for freedom from defect primarily because of rot; that is, more than 50 percent of the cull volume in the tree is rotten.
Rough tree. (a) The same as a rotten tree, except that a rough tree does not meet regional specifications for freedom from defect primarily because of roughness or poor form; also (b) a live tree of noncommercial species.
Roundwood products. Logs, bolts, total tree chips, or other round timber generated by harvested trees for industrial or consumer uses.
Salvable dead trees. A tree at least 5.0 inches in diameter at breast height that has recently died and still has intact bark. The tree may be standing, fallen, windthrown, knocked down, or broken off.
Sampling error. A measure of the reliability of
an estimate, expressed as a percentage of the estimate. The sampling errors given in this report correspond to one standard deviation and are calculated as the square root of the variance, divided by the estimate, and multiplied by 100.
87
Saplings. Live trees 1.0 inch through 4.9 inches d.b.h.
Sapling-seedling stand. A stand-size class of forest land that is stocked with at least 10
percent of minimum full stocking with all live trees with half or more of such stocking in saplings or seedlings or both.
Sawlog. A log meeting regional standards of diameter, length, and freedom from defect, including a minimum 8-foot length and a minimum diameter inside bark of 6 inches for softwoods and 8 inches for hardwoods. (See specifications under Log-Grade Classification).
Sawlog portion. That part of the bole of a sawtimber tree between the stump and the sawlog top; that is, the merchantable height.
Sawlog top. The point on the bole of a Sawtimber tree above which a sawlog cannot be produced. The minimum sawlog top is 7.0 inches diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) for softwoods and 9.0 inches d.o.b. for hardwoods.
Sawtimber stand. A stand-size class of forest land that is stocked with at least 10 percent of minimum full stocking with all live trees with half or more of such stocking in poletimber or sawtimber trees or both, and in which the stocking of sawtimber is at least equal to that of poletimber.
Sawtimber trees. Live trees of commercial species at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods or 11.0 inches for hardwoods, containing at least one 12-foot sawlog or two noncontiguous 8-foot sawlogs, and meeting regional specifications for freedom from defect.
Sawtimber volume. Net volume in board feet, by the International 1/4-inch rule, of sawlogs in sawtimber trees. Net volume equals gross volume less deductions for rot, sweep, and other defects that affect use for lumber.
Seedlings. Live trees less than 1.0-inch d.b.h. and at ‘east 1 foot in height.
Shrub. Woody-stemmed perennial plant, generally with no well-defined main stem and less than 12 feet in height at maturity; defined by species.
Shrub land. Land with shrub and/or tree cover and an obvious herbaceous understory; average canopy height of less than 25 feet and crown closure of less than 70 percent.
- Single-family/custom house. Single-family dwelling and the immediately adjacent managed land.
Snag. Standing dead tree, with most or all of its bark missing that is at least 5.0 inches in diameter and at least 10 feet tall (does not include salvable dead).
88
Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen and having needles or scalelike leaves.
Stand. A group of forest trees growing on forest land.
Stand area class. The area, contiguous to the plot, that is of the same overall stand size and major type group (hardwood, softwood, or uniform mixture of both).
Stand-size class. A classification of forest land based on the size class (that is, seedlings, saplings, poletimber, or sawtimber) of all live trees in the area.
Standard cord. A unit of measure for stacked bolts of wood, encompassing 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. Fuelwood cord estimates can be derived from cubic-foot estimates of growing stock by applying an average factor of 80 cubic feet of solid wood per cord. For pulpwood, a conversion of 85 cubic feet of solid wood per cord is used because pulpwood is more uniform.
Standard-lumber log grade. A classification of the quality of sawtimber volume based on standard sawlog grades for hardwoods, white pine, and southern pine. (Note: In Rhode Island, red pine was graded using the southern pine guidelines. All specifications are shown under Log-Grade Classification).
State lands. Lands owned by the State or leased to the State for 50 years or more.
Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by trees, measured by basal area and/or number of trees in a stand compared to the basal area and/or number of trees required to fully use the growth potential of the land (or the stocking standard). In the Eastern United States this standard is 75 square feet of basal area per acre for trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger, or its equivalent in numbers of trees per acre for seedlings and saplings.
Two categories of stocking are used in this report: all live trees and growing-stock trees. The relationships between the classes and the percentage of the stocking standard are: nonstocked = 0 to 9, poorly stocked = 10 to 59, moderately stocked = 60 to 99, fully stocked = 100 to 129, and overstocked = 130 to 160.
Strip mine. Area devoid of vegetation due to current or recent general excavation.
Stump. The main stem of a tree from ground level to 1 foot above ground level, including the wood and bark.
Atal al! - Forest land producing or capable of producing crops of industrial wood (more than 20 cubic feet per acre per year) and not withdrawn from timber utilization. Formerly known as commercial forest land.
Timber products. Roundwood (round timber) products and manufacturing plant byproducts harvested from growing-stock trees on timberland; from other sources, such as cull trees, sSalvable dead trees, limbs, tops and saplings; and from trees on noncommercial forest and nonforest lands.
Timber removals. The growing-stock or sawtimber volume of trees removed from the inventory for
roundwood products, plus logging residues, volume destroyed during land clearing, and
volume of standing trees on land that was reclassified from timberland to noncommercial forest land (See Table 53).
Top. The wood and bark of a tree above the merchantable height (or above the point on the stem 4.0 inches in diameter outside bark). It generally includes the uppermost stem, branches, and twigs of the tree, but not the foliage.
Tract/multiple family. Multiple individual residential units or attached units (e.g. apartment buildings, condominiums) and immediately adjacent managed land.
Transportation right-of-way. Land associated
with highways and railroads.
Tree class. A classification of the quality or condition of trees for sawlog production. Tree class for sawtimber trees is based on their present condition. Tree class for poletimber trees is a prospective determination--a forecast of their potential quality when they reach sawtimber size (11.0 inches d.b.h. for hardwoods, 9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods).
Trees. Woody plants that have well-developed stems and are usually more than 12 feet in height at maturity.
Unproductive forest land. Forest land that is incapable of producing 20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial wood under natural eonditions, because of adverse site conditions.
Un d uri resid - Plant residues that are dumped or destroyed and not recovered for plant byproducts.
Upper-stem portion. That part of the main stem or fork of a sawtimber tree above the sawlog top to a diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to the point where the main stem or fork breaks into limbs.
Urban forest land. Noncommercial forest land within urban areas that is completely surrounded by urban development (not parks), whether commercial, industrial, or residential.
Utility right-of-way. Land associated with pipeline and electric transmission lines; identified only if vegetative cover differs from adjacent land use.
Veneer log or bolt. A roundwood product from which veneer is sliced or sawn that usually meets certain minimum standards of diameter, length, and defect.
V suitab 1 The sound volume (only rotten cull excluded) of growing-stock and rough trees.
Windb w. Linear areas, less than 120
feet in width; with predominantly tree and/or shrub vegetation.
89
Log-grade classification
Methods of determining scaling deduction.
(Examples based on a 16-foot log with 20-inch scaling diameter) forsee \ CULL | !
nig
Defect section (rule 1): Percent deduction = = = 25%
eee ape
60.
so) = 6-1/4%
Defect section (rule 2): Percent deduction = (&) (
a
Sweep (rule 3): Percent deduction = aa
= 30%
Crook (rule 4): Percent deduction = (30) (se) = 12-1/2%
fei tioeetl
Interior defect (rule 5): (8) (10) 4 —_ x —
(20-1)2 16
Percent deduction = = 5-5/9%
In practice each elipse axis can be divided by (20—1) BSE 16
From: Grosenbaugh, L.R. 1952. Shortcuts for cruisers and scalers. U.S. Dep, Agric. For. Serv. South. For Exp. Stn. Occas. Pap. 126.
Thus 4 = 4.72 5, and (.4) (.5) (45) = 5%
90
o
STANDARD GRADES FOR HARDWOOD FACTORY LUMBER LOGS Log grades
: ‘ [ne Grading Factors F3
Butts & uppers
Position in tree
Scaling diameter, inches Length without trim, feet
Required clear Min. length, feet cuttings‘ of each of 3 best faces* Max. number
Min. proportion of log length required in clear cutting
Maximum For logs with jess sweep & crook than 4 of end in allowance sound defects
For logs with more than 4 of end in sound defects
Maximum scaling deduction
End defects although not visible in standing trees, are important in grading cut logs. Instructions for deal- ing with this factor are contained in Forest Prod. Lab. Rpt. D 1737. ,
2Ash and basswood butts can be 12 inches if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s.
>Ten-inch logs of all species can be #2 if they otherwise meet requirements for small #1’s.
°A clear cutting is the portion of a face, extending the width of the face, that is free of defects.
4A face is 4 of the surface of the log as divided lengthwise.
"Otherwise #1 logs with 41-60% deductions can be #2.
‘Otherwise #2 logs with 51-60% deductions can be #3.
From: Vaughan, C. L., A. C. Wollin, K. A. McDonald, and E. H. Bulgrin. 1966. Hardwood log grades for standard lumber. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-63.
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HARDWOOD CONSTRUCTION LOGS.”
Position in tree Butt & upper
Min. diameter, small end 8 inches +
Min. length, without trim 8 feet
Clear cuttings No requirements.
Sweep allowance, absolute 1/4 diameter small end for each 8 feet of length.
Any number, if no one knot has an average diameter above Single knots the callus in excess of 1/3 of log diameter at point of occur- rence. Sound Any number if sum of knot diameters above the callus does surface not exceed 1/3 of log diameter at point of occurrence. defects Any number provided none has a diameter over !/3 of log diameter at point of occurrence, and none extends over 3 inches into included timber.”
Same requirements as for sound defects if they extend into Unsound surface defects included timber.” No limit if they do not.
No requirements.
End None allowed; log must be sound internally, but will admit defects 1 shake not to exceed 1/4 the scaling diameter and a longi- Unsound tudinal split not extending over 5 inches into the contained
timber.
@These specifications are minimum for the class. If, from a group of logs, factory logs are selected first, thus leaving only non- factory logs from which to select construction logs, then the quality range of the construction logs so selected is limited, and the class may be considered a grade. If selection for construction logs is given first priority, then it may be necessary to subdivide the class into grades.
>Included timber is always square, and dimension is judged from small end. I
From: Rast, E. D., D. L. Sonderman, and G. L. Gammon. 1973. A guide to hardwood log grading (Revised). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-1.
91
92
EASTERN WHITE PINE SAWLOG GRADE SPECIFICATIONS
GRADING FACTOR | LOG GRADE 1 | LOG GRADE 2 LOG GRADE 3 LOG GRADE 4
(1) MINIMUM SCALING ae DIAMETER (inches) Me
LENGTH (feet )
(3) MAXIMUM WEEVIL INJURY (number) No GOOD FACES REQUIRED. | Includes all logs not
Maximum diameter of log knots on three best qualifying for No. 3 faces: or better and judged to have at least one-third of their gross volume in sound wood suitable for manu- facture into standard lumber.
10?
Two full length or four 50‘, length good faces.*
(In addition, log knots on balance of faces shall not exceed size limita- tions of grade 2
loys. )
SOUND RED KNOTS] SOUND RED KNOTS not to exceed 1/6 not to exceed 1/3 scaling diameter and scaling diameter and 5 3 inch maximum. inch maximum.
DEAD OR BLACK DEAD OR BLACK KNOTS including KNOTS including
overgrown knots not overgrown knots not to exceed 1/12 scaling | to exceed 1/6 scaling diameter and 11/ inch | diameter and 2!/, inch maximum. maximum.
(4) MINIMUM FACE REQUIREMENTS
(5) MAXIMUM SWEEP OR CROOK ALLOW- ANCE (percent)
(6) MAXIMUM TOTAL SCALING DEDUC- TION (percent)
After the tentative log grade is established from face examination, the log will be reduced in grade whenever the fol- lowing defects are evident:
(7) CONKS, PUNK KNOTS, AND PINE BORER DAMAGE ON BARK SURFACE?
Degrade one grade if present on one face. Degrade two grades if present on two faces. Degrade three grades if present on three or more faces.
(8) LOG END DEFECTS: RED ROT, RING SHAKE, HEAVY STAIN AND PINE BORER DAMAGE OUTSIDE HEART CENTER OF LOG: Consider log as having a total of 8 quarters (4 on each end) and degrade as indicated below: Degrade one grade if present in 2 quarters of log ends. Degrade two grades if present in 3 or 4 quarters of log ends. Degrade three grades if present in 5 or more quarters of log ends.
112 and 13 inch logs with four full length good faces are acceptable. 28 foot logs with four full length good faces are acceptable.
38 foot No. 3 logs limited to one weevil injury
+Minimum 50% length good face must be ar least 6 feet.
‘Factors 7 and & are not cumulative (total degrade based on more serious of the two). No log to be degraded below grade 4 if net scale is at least one-third gross log scale.
From: Ostrander, M. D., and R. L. Brisbin, 1971. Sawlog grades for eastern white pine. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-205.
SOUTHERN PINE SAWLOGS Grade 1. Logs with 3 or 4 clear faces.! Code 1. Grade 2. Logs with | or 2 clear faces. Code 2. Grade 3. Logs with no clear faces. Code 3.
After the tentative log grade is established from above, the log will be degraded one grade for each of the following, except that no log can be degraded below grade 3.
1. Sweep. Degrade any tentative | or 2 log one grade if sweep amounts to 3 or more inches and equals or exceeds one third (1/3) the diameter inside bark at small end. This is the final grade if there is no evidence of heart rot.
2. Heart rot. Degrade any tentative | or 2 log one grade if conk, massed hyphae, or other evidence of advanced heart rot is found anywhere in it.
TA fare tcrama frre 8 2 cine ha Fane en on oA De edn Pen nn IP Dlmn Em i ns neal eo __ A face is one-fourth of the circumference in width extending full length of the log. Clear faces are those free of: knots measur- ing more than one-half inch in diameter, overgrown knots of any size, holes more than one-fourth inch in diameter. The faces may be rotated if necessary to obtain the maximum number of clear ones.
From: Schroeder, J. G., R. A. Campbell, and R. C. Rodenbach. 1968. Southern pine sawlogs for yard and structural lumber. USDA bor Serv. Res. Pap. SE-39.
Tree Species of Rhode Island (as encountered on field plots)
Scientific Name* Com Name(s Ocourrence”
Softwoods Juniperus virginiana L. eastern redcedar c Larix Mill. larch I Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine e Einue rigida Mill. pitch pine ©
Pinus strobus L. eastern white pine ve Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. eastern hemlock r Hardwoods Acer rubrum L. red maple ve Acer saccharum Marsh. sugar maple ig Betula alleghaniensis Britton yellow birch c Betula lenta L. sweet birch eC Betula papyrifera Marsh. paper birch r Betula populifolia Marsh. | gray birch r Carpinus caroliniana Walt .° American hornbeam r Carya Nutt. hickory c Cornus florida L. g flowering dogwood r Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech (o) Fraxinus americana L. white ash c Fraxinus nigra Marsh. black ash r Nyssa _ sylvatica Marsh. blackgum e
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch® eastern hophornbeam r
Populus grandidentata Michx. bigtooth aspen e Populus tremuloides Michx. quaking aspen r Prunus serotina Ehrh. black cherry c Quercus alba L. white oak ve Quercus coccinea Muenchh. scarlet oak ve Quercus palustris Muenchh. pin oak r Quercus prinus L. chestnut oak c Quercus rubra L. northern red oak ve Quercus velutina Lam. black oak ve Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees® sassafras @ Ulmus americana L. American elm r
“Names according to: Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees (native and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 375 p.
oceurrence is based on the proportion of the species among all live trees 5.0 inches d.b-h. or larger encountered on forest survey field plots: vr = very rare (<0.05%), r = rare (0.05 to 0.49%), e = common (0.5 to 4.9%), and ve = very common (>5.0%).
e s 3 Noncommercial species.
Relative Density*, Relative Frecueney”. Importance Value’, and Species Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems” by Species, Rhode Island, 1985
Relative Species Importance Species Density Frequency Value Frequency Eastern redcedar sill .87 49 8.00 Tamarack -O1 322 = alah 2.01 Red pine -05 -22 13 2.01 Pitch pine .36 1.09 57/2 10.01 Eastern white pine .18 4.56 2 37/ 42.01 Boxelder -02 -22 512 2.01 Red maple 3.04 8.90 5.97 82.01 Sugar maple .O4 .66 -35 6.01 Alder species OZ 22 tle 2.01 Azalea species Ad 52D .32 2.01 Barberry 94 44 .69 4.01 Yellow birch Ils) ao A\y VE 20.01 Sweet birch .20 1.74 .97 16.01 Paper birch -O1 -22 eels: 2.01 Gray birch 44 1.52 .98 14.00 Hickory species .16 .87 52 8.00 Pignut hickory .03 .87 45 8.00 American chestnut e OD) 1.09 52 10.01 American bittersweet = = = 2.01 Sweetfern 24 44 34 4.01 Flowering dogwood .18 .87 53 8.00 Silky dogwood 5 alal 22 BG 2.01 Hawthorn species -O4 .22 5113 2.01 American hazelnut 512 44 .28 4.01 Beaked hazelnut -02 22 ail2 2.01 American beech 24 . 87 .56 8.00 White ash 59 1.96 il 5 27/ 18.01 Black ash .02 -22 sil2 2.01 Teaberry - - - 4.01 Huckleberry 2.45 .22 1.33 2.01 Witch-hazel -90 1.96 1.43 18.01 Sheep laurel 2.55 2.82 2.69 26.01 Mountain laurel 1.35 .87 iL alal 8.00 Common spicebush .82 1.09 -96 10.01 Bush honeysuckle, oil “22 5 118} 2.01 Vine honeysuckle = = = 2.01 Black tupelo 24 .87 -56 8.00 Eastern hophornbgam .07 44 .25 4.01 Virginia creeper - - - 4.01 Bigtooth aspen -O1 22 oalil 2.01 Quaking aspen -O1 22 5 iLal 2.01 Pin cherry .07 -22 .14 2.01 Black cherry 1.84 4.99 3.42 46.01 Chokecherry B23) 44 -33 4.01
Relative Density”, Relative Beequeney Importance Value’, and Species Frequency of Lesser Woody Stems’ by Species, Rhode Island, 1985 (Continued)
Relative Species ea al MDOT LANCE Species Density Frequency Value Frequency White oak 335 5// 9.33 6.45 86.01 Scarlet oak .86 4.99 2.93 46.01 Scrub, bear oak .O4 44 24 4.01 Pin oak On -22 caked 2.01 Chestnut oak .O4 R22 13 2.01 Northern red oak 1.46 7.38 4 42 68.01 Black oak f 1.68 6.95 h 32 64.01 Poison ivy - - - 16.01 Rubus species 48 1.52 1.00 14.00 American elderberry 1.48 .22 .85 2.01 Sassafras e .79 2.82 il Gul 26.01 Greenbrier = = = 32.01 Spirea species 9.72 2.39 6.06 22 (Ohi American elm .09 44 27 4.01 Blueberry 45.09 8.68 26.89 80.01 Viburnum species .29 .66 47 6.01 Maple-leaved viburnum .87 .87 .87 8.00 Hobblebush viburnun 523 . 66 AW 6.01 Wild raisin ohtl .87 -59 8.00 Arrowwood AA .66 53 6.01 Blackhaw .O4 ee. oS} 2.01 Grape - - = 16.01 Unknown deciduous shrub 13.60 3.91 8.75 36.01 Unknown evergreen shrub 46 Ay 45 4.01 Unknown tree -02 SEE =e. 2.01
* (Total number of stems for a species/total number of stems for all species) x 100.
(Frequency of a species/total of frequencies
of all species) x 100. Frequency = Number of plots where a species occurs/total number of plots. Average of relative density and relative frequency of a species.
(Number of plots where a species occurs/total number of plots) x 100.
Includes shrub and vine species and tree stems less than 5.0 inches d.b.h.
Not included in calculations of importance value.
Metric Equivalents of Units Used in This Report
1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686 hectares
1,000 acres = 404.686 hectares
1,000,000 acres = 404,686 hectares
1 board foot~ = 0.00348 cubic meters or 3,480 cubic centimeters
1,000 board feet* = 3.48 cubic meters
1,000,000 board feet~ = 3,480 cubic meters
1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meters
1,000 cubie feet = 28.317 cubic meters
1,000,000 cubic feet = 28,317 cubic meters
1 cord (wood, bark, and air space) = 3.6246 cubic meters
1 cord (solid wood, pulpwood) = 2.4069 cubic meters
1 cord (solid wood, other than pulpwood) = 2.2654 cubic meters
1,000 cords (pulpwood) = 2,406.9 cubic meters
1,000 cords (other products) = 2,265.4 cubic meters
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meters
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters or 0.3048 meters
Breast height = 1.4 meters above ground level
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or 0.0929 square meters
1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 squarre meters per hectare
1 ton = 907.1846 kilograms
1,000 tons = 907.1848 metric tons
“although 1,000 board feet is theoretically equivalent to 2.36 cubic meters, this is true only when a board foot is actually a piece of wood with a volume 1/12 of a cubic foot. The International 1/4-inch log rule is used by the USDA Forest Service in the East to estimate the product potential in board feet. The reliability of the estimate obtained by conversion will vary with the size of the log measure. The conversion given here, 3.48 cubic meters, is based on the cubic volume of a log 16 feet long and 15 inches in diameter inside bark (d.i.b.) at the small end. This conversion could be used for average comparisons when accuracy of 10 percent is acceptable. Because the board foot unit is not a true measure of wood volume and because products other than dimension lumber are becoming important, this unit may eventually be phased out and replaced by the cubic meter.
Dickson, David R.; McAfee, Carol L. 1988. Forest statistics for Rhode Island--1972 and 1985. Resour. Bull. NE-104. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 96 p.
A statistical report on the third forest survey of Rhode Island (1984). Findings are displayed in 77 tables
containing estimates of forest area, numbers of trees, timber volume, tree biomass, and timber products output. Data are presented at two levels: state and county.
ODC (745)--905.2 Keywords: Forest survey, inventory, area, volume, biomass.
Headquarters of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station are in Broomall, Pa. Field laboratories are maintained at: e Amherst, Massachusetts, in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts. @ Berea, Kentucky, in cooperation with Berea College. @ Burlington, Vermont, in cooperation with the University of Vermont. @ Delaware, Ohio. e Durham, New Hampshire, in cooperation with the University of New Hampshire. @ Hamden, Connecticut, in cooperation with Yale University.
@ Morgantown, West Virginia, in cooperation with West Virginia University, Morgantown.
@ Orono, Maine, in cooperation with the University of Maine, Orono. e@ Parsons, West Virginia. @ Princeton, West Virginia.
e@ Syracuse, New York, in cooperation with the State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse.
@ University Park, Pennsylvania, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania State University.
@ Warren, Pennsylvania.
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