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VARSITY PALAEONTOLOGY
FUND

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July 7th, 1922. Vol. XLIV., Art. 1.

FRI i AS
28 #2 =

Brera S

JOURNAL

OF THE

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE,
IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO.

MATAJIRO YOKOYAMA,

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of

- Kazusa and Shimosa.

i he

TOKYO.
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY.

TAISHO XI,

Coleman Library

Department of Geology
University of Toronto

Publishing Committee,
>

Prof. S. Goto, Rigakuhukushi, Director of the College (¢x officio).
Prof. M. Miyoshi, Rigakuhakusht.
Prof. F. Omori, Rigakuhakushi.

Prof. S. Watase, Ph. D., Rigakuhakushi.

Al communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
Director of the College of Science.

ASBRARY -

99 1963
SEP 2 &
yor

7
Wepsiry OF

JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TOKYO IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY.
VOL. XLIV., ARTICLE I.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa
and Shimosa.
By

Matajiro YOKOYAMA, Rigakuhakushi,

Professor of Palaeontology, Imperial University of Tokyo

With 17 Plates.

General Remarks

The Upper Musashino Formation” which consists of horizontal
interstratified layers of clays, sands and gravels overlaid only by a
brown unstratified loam generally believed to be Pleistocene in age,
though without any palaeontological evidence, forms a low but ex-
tensive plateau around Tokyo whose height above the sea-level
varies from a little over ten metres near the sea-coast up to more
than a hundred in the interior. This plateau is variously dissect-
ed by valleys along whose sides it often shows steep escarpments
fairly well exposing the rock-layers of which it is composed. In
these escarpments there is frequently a sand-layer more or less
filled with fossils which are mainly Mollusca, and therefore usually
known under the name of shell-layer which is found, not only in
and around the city of Tokyo,” but also in Kazusa and Shimosa,

1) Explained in my paper entitled “ Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its Immedi-
ate North” (Art. 6, Vol. XX XIX, Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 1920),
2) The fossils found in and around Tokyo have already been studied by David Brauns in

his “ Geology of the Environs of Tokio” (Mem. Sci. Departm. Tokio Daigaku, No. 4, 1885) and

8. Tokunaga in his “Fossils from the Environs of Tokyo(Art. 2, Vol. XXI, Jour. Sci. Coll. Timp.
Univ. Tokyo, 1906). Brauns described 87 species of Mollusca and Brachiopoda all of which he
identified with the living forms and still called them Pliocene. Tokunaga recognized 168
species of Mollusca of which he found a little more than 20 not known to him as living (he
says that at least 10 are surely extinct). But unfortunately he ignored many of the small-
sized shells, as difficult of determination, whereby the percentage of extinct forms against the
living became not quite correct. Consequently his conclusion, drawn from it, that the layer is
probably Pleistocene can not be called quite certain. It is here to be noted that most of the
shells described by Brauns and Tokunaga are also found among those described by me in this

paper.

2 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

provinces lying to the east of it. The Mollusea and the Brachi-
opoda described in the present paper are those obtained from the
shell-layer of the latter.

The position which this shell-layer occupies in the Upper
Musashino is not far from the overlying loam, though at various
distances from it. At Oji, a northern suburb of Tokyo, where Brauns
and Tokunaga obtained a great deal of their materials," the shell-
layer is given by them as separted from loam by layers of clays,
sands and gravels which together make up a thickness of about 4,3
metres, and which, according to Tokunaga, grows to about 6,6
metres at Tabata, a place about 3 kilometres south-east of Oji, and
diminishes to about 2,5 metres at Shinagawa”, a suburb at the
southern extremity of Tokyo. At Otake, Shimosa, the interven-
ing layer is a sand about 3,6 metres in thickness, while at Shito,
Kazusa, it is between 2 and 4 metres. From these we know that
the shell-layer occupies a position very near to the upper boundary
of the Upper Musashino Formation.

As to the thickness of the shell-layer itself, it is sometimes
considerable. At ) take and Takatano-Seki, it attains a thickness
of nearly 7 metres in which shells are in such close heaps that the
layer is to a greater part made up of them.

The loam and the underlying layers of the Upper Musashino
are generally conformable with one another. But at Kido, Tega-
mura, on the south bank of Tega Swamp in Shimosa, the shell-
layer is superposed on a yellowish clay whose surface is full of deep
pits and holes, and this clay which is about 1,5 metres thick on an
average is again on a blue clay whose surface is very uneven.

The localities from which the fossils have been collected are in
all six, viz.: .

1. Otake, Shimosa.” Very near the railway station of Man-
zaki on the Abiko-Sawara line.

1) I have been collecting these fossils for more than 15 years, during which time I was
assisted by several gentlemen among whom I may mention Messrs, N. Fukuchi, M. Oyu, T.
Ogura, ‘I, Matsumoto and §. Tsuboi, to whom my thanks are due.

2. The shell-layer formerly exposed at Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa is at present not acces-
sible for collection.

3) “PRREDGEARA RAAT

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 3

2. Kioroshi, Shimosa.” About 14 kilometres west of Otake
and close to the railway station of the same name on the same line
as above. ;

3. Kamenari, Shimosa.” About 4 kilometres south-west of
Kioroshi.

4. Tega, Shimosa.*) On the south bank of the swamp of the

same name and about 8 kilometres west of Kioroshi. |The fossil-
layer is exposed at several places of which Kido and Kizaki are the
most important.

5. Shisui, Shimosa.” About 8 kilometres south of Otake,
and in a railway-cutting of the station of the same name on the
Narita-line.

6. Shito, Kazusa.” At places from 1,5 to 3,5 kilometres
south of the railway-station of Honda on the Boso line, which hes
about 22 kilometres south of Shisui. The shell-layer is exposed at
several places of which three may be mentioned, Semata-no-Seki,
‘Takata and Takatano-Seki.

The number of species of the Mollusca and the Brachiopoda
collected in the above named localities amounts to 335 in all, as
shown in the following table :

£\2|2 S| |e LIVING
S\3|/a|S] P| sles
MOLLUSCA Oj;a|sS|M/e/]a [A
Gastropoda
Family Actaeonidae. ;
1. Solidula strigosa (Gld.) Ft one ee we ww) 6 )hCUwE | Central, Western, Southern
2. Solidula clathrata Yok. Se i te, See! eee alte
3. Leucotinagigantea(Dkr.)|+ .. .. .. .. + ..]| Japan (Dunker).
Family Tornatinidae.
4, 'l'ornatina exilis Dkr. + + .. .. + + = ..| Western Japan.
5. Tornatina longispirata = +
Yam.
6. Retusa globosa Yam. + + +
7. Retusa truncata Yam. = +
8. Retusa minima Yam. + + +
9. Volvula angustata (Ad.) | + rs Northern Japan. Philippines.

var. N. Guinea.

1) “FeREDKeRRA My 862) ABABA 8603) RMR. Ae 4)
THRE RAR 7 HE, A, AHA 7 He

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

10.

11.

12.
13.
14,

15.
16.

av:

4 ¢
& =
i ee} =
ad.) oe A .
¢|2/¢| 2 g|s8 LIVING
4ials|e2#!] 2] +/€eé
2(2/2/2| 5) 2 |e
O1nma|/HM4INIJB]aQlr
|
Volvula acutaeformis Yok...
Family Scaphandridae
Cylichna musashiensis + + | Central Japan.

Tok.
Family Philinidae.

Philine scalpta Ad.
Philine pygmaea Yok.
Philine takatensis Yok.

Family Bullidae.

Bulla multiarata Yok.
Bulla ovula Sow.

Family Ringiculidae.

Ringicula musashinoensis| +
Yok.

Family Terebridae.

Terebra lischkeana Dkr.

Central and Western Japan.
Central Japan.

Central and Southern Japan.

Central Japan.

Central and Western Japar..

a
Terebra gotoensis Smith. | + Western Japan.
Terebra hedleyi Pils. 25 Western Japan.
Terebra recticostata Yok. | ..
Terebra chibana Yok. +
Terebra smithi Yok. + Central Japan.

Terebra quadriarata Yok.
Terebra latisuleata Yok.
Terebra suavidica Yok.
Terebra tsuboiana Yok.
Parviterebra raritans Yok.) +

Family Pleurotomidae.

Central Japan.

Pleurotoma vertebrata + Central and Western Japan.
Smith.
Genotia pseudopannus +
Yok.
Genotia ogurana Yok. +
Drillia principalis Pils. + Northern, Centra! and Western
Drillia subauriformis Japan.
Smith. = Central and Western Japan.
Drillia glabriuscula Yok. |..
Mangilia deshayesii Dkr. | + Central and Western Japan
Mangilia ojiensis Tok. “st
Mangilia fukuchiana Yok.) + Central Japan.
Mangilia (Cythara) rugo- | +
solabiata Yok,
Mangilia (Cythara)

oyuana Yok.

.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 5

Bela rugulata Tros. vare
schneideri Harm.

Bela recticostulata Yok.

Family Cancellariidae.

Cancellaria spengleriana
Desh.

Cancellaria nodulifera
Sow.

Cancellaria asperula Lam.

var. reeveana Crosse.

Family Olividae.

Olivella fortunei (Ad.)
Olivella spretoides Yok.

Ancilla hinomotoensis
Yok.

Family Marginellidae.

Otake

+

Marginella cotamago Yok|..

Marginella perovulum
Yok.

Family Volutidae.
Voluta megaspira Sow.

Family Mitridae.
Mitra hondana Yok.
Mitra pirula Yok.

Family Fasciolariidae.

Fusus perplexus Adams.

Fusus .coreanicus Smith.

Fusus niponicus Smith.
Family Buccinidae.

Chrysodomus arthriticus
Val.

Chrysodomus schrencki
¥ok.

Sipho obesiformis Yok.
Sipho (Parasipho) nip-
ponicus Yok.
Siphonalia spadicea Rve.
Siphonalia trochulus Rve.

Siphonalia kellettii
Forbes.

Volutharpa perryi Jay.
Eburna japonica Rve.

Shisui

Kamenari

Kioroshi

Tega
Shito

+

+

+++

Lower
Musashino

LIVING

(Fossil in English Crag).

From Central Japan to Aus-
tralia.

Central and Western Japan.

From Central Japan to Philip-
pines.

Central Japan, China.

Central Japan.

Northern, Central and Western
Japan.

Northern, Central and Western
Japan.

Western Japan.
Central Japan (52 fathoms).

Northern Japan.

Northern Japan.

(Very close to S. Kroeyeri M6ll.
of the Arctic).

Northern and Central Japan.
Central Japan.

Central to Southern Japan.
California.

Northern and Central Japan.
Northern to Southern Japan.,|

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

a). E
lols] 31 83lalelee LIVING
la|2|8) 8] &| sles
Sis 3 = o/|.<a/s
Slam lM IS ba} me IA
Family Nassidae.
65. Nassa (Hima) japonica Ad) + + + + + °:*| Central and Western Japan.
66. Nassa (Hima) festiva Pow. | + + + +) Northern, Central and Western
| Japan.
67. Nassa (Hima) fraterculus |+ .. .. -- -- ++ =>] Northern, Central and Western
Dkr. Japan.
Family Columbellidae.
68. Columbella (Atilia) bur- [.. .. .. .. .. + +) Western Japan.
chardi Dkr. /
69. Columbella (Atilia) smithi]+ .. + .. + .. -.| Central Japan.
Yok. |
70. Columbella (Atilia) turri-| + .. .. .- ++ «+2 =-
eulata Yok. )
71. Columbella (Atilia) prae- |+ .. .. .. + + ..| Western Japan.
cursor Yor.
72. Columbella(Atilia)masa-|4 .. .. .. + + ..| Central Japan.
kadoi Yok. |
73. Columbella (Mitrella) + + + .. + +# ++ Northern, Central and Western
dunkeri Tryon. Japan.
Family Muricidae.
74. Trophon pachyrhaphe Sm}... .. .. .. + -- -- Western Japan.
75. Trophon subclavatus Yok.|.. .. .. .. + + + | (Very close to T. clayatus Sars
: of boreal seas).
76. Typhis arcuatus Hinds. sak tier h at cee Cote Western Japan, China, Cape of
Good Hope.
77. Ocinebra falcata Sow. at peste’! Stam. oie ee ek Northern, Central and Western
Japan.
78. Ocinebra spectata Yok. $i oss ek ee oP 2c | ee eee
79. Rapana bezoar L.v.thom-, + |. 4 + +4 ..| Northern, Central and Western
asiana Cr. ‘ Japan.
80. Purpura heysiana Dkr. bt) ie jee cs oe a 2c) Opie aes
|
Family Tritonidae.
81. Triton tenuiliratusLke, |.) |. |. 2. .. + ..| Central and Western Japan.
82. Priene oregonensis Redf. | | |. |, .. .. + + North. Japan, Alaska, Oregon,
Family Cassididae. Chile, Strait of Magellan.
3. i i iE
eee +o ++ ++ ++ 4 ++ ++! Central and Western Japan.
Family Doliidae.
84. Dolium luteostomum Kist-}+ + .. + + + +4 Central and West-rn Japan,

Family Cypraeidae. Indian Ocean.

85. Erato callosa Ad.et Rve. [+ .. .. .. .. + ..| Central and Western Japan,
Family Strombide. China.

86. Strombus japonicus. + 1. 1 ae oe oe «. |. Central and Western Japan,
Bonins.

a

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 7

- ¢|
5 | = a al 2 wi LIVING
a|2| 4/5 | &| 8 \es
HY ila So) ss o/s
O;a|S/S4/R/ a2]
Family Cerithiidae.
87. Cerithium (Clava) kochi | + .. .. .. .+ «. «.| Centr. and West. Japan. East
Phil. Africa.
88. Potamides(Tympanotonos)|}+ .. .. : .. -. +) Centr.and West. Japan, Philip-
fluviatilis Mich. et Post. pines. Indian Ocean.
89. Potamides (Batillaria) Se 2. eee ou oe es P Orth, Conte, West. Jagan,
zonalis Brug. Hongkong, Australia.
90. Potamides (Batillaria) .. owe we ee) 6+) 6+ | Northern, Central and Western
multiformis Lke. Japan,
Family Cerithiopsidae.
91. Cerithiopsis nodosocosta- |.. .. .- -- --+ +
tus Yok.
92. Cerithiopsis (Seila) trisul-|.. .. .. -- -- +. ==]
catus Yok.
Family Triforidae.
93. Triforis otsuensis Yok. ke 2k te oe ew 6 - + | Central Japan.
Peereonemultivyrata VO. |¢. 9... .2 «@- +. «|
Family lrichetropidae.
O95. Trichotropisumiearinata |.. .. .- .. -+ + -- _ Northern to Western Japan.
Br. et Sow.
Family Vermetidae.
96. Thylacodes meduse Pils. |+ .. .. .. .. .. + Central to Southern Japan.
Family Caecidae. /
97. Cecum vitreum Carp. of oe ee .. | Central’ and Western Japan.
Family Melaniidae.
98. Melania niponica-Smith.|4+ .. .. .. + «- +. | Central Japan.
Family solariidae.
99. Solarium (Philippia) cin-|,. .. .. .. .. + ../| Central Japan, Philippines,
gulum Kien. | South Sea.
100. Solarium (Philippia) oe | Central Japan, Mediterranean
pseudoperspectivum Broc.| Sea. (Pliocene of Italy).
101. Torinia elegantula Yok. | eS Se a ee
Family Rissoidae.
102. Rissoa (Cingula) plebeja |.. .. .. .. .. +
York.
103. Rissoina (Moerchiella) | +
manzakiana Yok.
104. Fenella septentrionalis |; .. .. .. + .. ../| Central Japan.
Tok. ,
Family Skeneidae.
105. Skenea nipponica Yok. ee eS eee re | Central Japan.
106. Skenea planorboides Yok.|.. .. .. .. .. + ..| Central Japan.

= Te ee ee er

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Family Capulidae.
107. Capulus badius Dkr.

108. Calyptraea mammilaris
Brod,

109. Crepidula grandis Midd.
Family Naticidae.

110. Natica janthostoma Desh.

111. Polinices powisianus
Recl.
Polinices(Neverita) ampla

Phil.

113. Sigaretus (Eunaticina)
papilla. Gin.

114, Sigaretus (Eunaticina)
oblongus Rve.

112.

Family Scalariidae.

115. Scalaria aurita Sow.

116. Scalaria maculosa Ad. et
Rve.

117. Scalaria azumana Yok.

118. Scalaria kazusensis Yok.

119. Scalaria yamakawai Yok.

120. Scalaria conjuncta Yok.

121. Scalaria subfrondicula

Yok.

122. Scalaria picturata Yok.
Family Eulimidae.
123. Eulima (Leiostraca) uni-

cincta Yok.

Eulima (Leiostraca) to-
kunagai Yok.

Eulima (Leiostraca) gla-
broides Yok.

Eulima (Leiostraca)
krishna Yok.

126.

Family Pyramidellidae.
127. Pyramidella (Tiberia)
pulchella Ad.

128. Pyramidella (Agatha)
virgo Ad. var. brevis Yok.

129. Pyramidella (Syrnola)
cinnamomea Ad.

130. Pyramidella (Iphiana)

mira Yok.

Otake

+e

Shisui

Kamenari

Kioroshi

Tega

Shito

Musashino

Lower

LIVING

Western Japan.

West coast of America (Oregon
to Magellan).

Northern to Western Japan,
Behring Sea.

Northern and Central Japan,
Kamchatka.

Central and Western Japan,
Philippines.

Northern and Central Japan,
China, Australia.

Central and Western Japan,
Philippines.

Habitat unknown.

Central Japan,
Western Japan, China Sea.

Central Japan.
Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Central and Western Japan.

P. virgo lives in Central Japan,

Western Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

LIVING

Musashino

Shisui
Kamenari
Kioroshi
Tega
Shito

Lower

Otake

131. Pyramidella (Iphiana) )
siva Yok. )
132. Pyramidella (Actzopyra- | + + .. .. + + ..| Central and Western Japan.

mis) .eximia Lke. /
133. Odostomia sublimpida |+ .. .. .. .. .. +

Yok.
134. Odostomia gordonis Sac e. + 12a eee eee Japan.
135. Odostomia shimosen:is | es ie) ees epee | Central Japan.

|
'

Yok.
136. Odostomia limpida D.
et B. :

137. OdostomiadesimanaD. | + + .. .- -- +
et B

138. Odostomia kizakiensis eer act a ee
Yok.

139. Odostomia venusta Yok. kta oo. A)

OE oa pe aes ae Ee ad Western Japan.
| |
|

Central and Western Japan.

140. Odostomia toneana Yok.| + .. .. .. +
141. Odostomia suboxia Yok. ) +

142. Odostomia (Odetta) neo- |... + -- .. .. «. ..| Central Japan.
felix Yok.

143. Odostomia (Egilina) TE a ee
marielloides Yk. )

144. Turbonilla (Ptycheuli- |+ .. -. .- +
mella) misella Yok.

145. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia)|.. + -- -- + + ..| Central Japan.
imbana Yok.

146. Turbonilla(Mormula) |+ -- -- -. -- +
paucicostulata Tok. |

147. Turbonilla:(Mormula) (+ .. .. .. .. .. ..| Central Japan
scrobiculata Yok.

148. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia)
kidoensis Yok.

149. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia)|.. .. -.. .. +
teganumana Yok.

150. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia)
sematana Yok.

151. Turbonilla (Pyrgolam-
pros) planicostata Yok.

152. Turbonilla (Strioturbo-

nilla) sagamiana Yok.

153. Turbonilla (Strioturbo-
nilla) pacifica Yok.

154. Turbonilla (Cingulina)
triarata Pils.

155. Turbonilla (Careliopsis)
obscura Yok.

156. Turbonilla (Careliopsis)
angulifera Yok.

Central Japan.

Central Japan.

ak

Central Japan.

eo hes Vee oh oN Bleabes aires,

Central Japan.

+
aoe oe lao oe oe >.) Central Japan
Western Japan.
|
|

. ° + : ;
a

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

10
a = n a Es T wf a!
| 2 = 5 2 = 2 | z Z LIVING
Sige l.s iepd le
\O;m} Mt M La La \A
Family Turbinidae. /
157. Turbo(Marmorostoma) | + Central and Western Japan,
granulatus Gm. | China, Indian Ocean.
158. Leptothyra purpurescens | + + + + +/ Japan (Dunker).
kr.
159. Leptothyra pygmaea Yok.) .. + Central Japan.
160. Leptothyra crassilirata + Central Japan.
Yok.
Family Trochidae.
161. Trochus spinigera Yok. <e
162. Minolia tasmanica 4 + Tasmania.
Tenison Wood. |
163. Solariella philippensis + + + Central Japan, Sonthern
Wats. Australia.
164. Solariella angulata Tok. |.. dats
165. Turcica imperialis A.Ad. : + +) Northern, Central and Western
| Japan.
166. Calliostoma unicum Dkr.) + + + + C, unicum lives in N.-W. Japan
var. shinagawensis Tok.
167. Basilissa ? laeviuseula +
Yok.
168. Umboninum giganteum 545) Fete taper al + | Central and Western Japan.
Les.
i69. Umbonium costatum Val! 4 +4 .. + + + 4+! Northern, Central and Western
Family Cyclostrematidae. | a 2
170. Cyclostrema stillicidia- — .
tum Yok.
Family Stomatellidae, )
171. Stomatella lyrata Pils. | =e ye | Northern, Central and Western
Family Fissurellidae. ) pe
172. Macroschisma sinensis + + + | Central Japan, China Singa-
Ad. var. laevis Yok. | pore.
173. Puncturella nobilis Ad. ~ | Northern Japan.
174. Emarginula vadososi- + |
nuata, Yok.
Family Patellidae.
175. Helcioniscus pallidus Gld.| . . ey Ee _ Northern and Central Japan.
Scaphopoda
Family Dentaliidae.
176. Dentalium weinkauffi + + .. + + + +) Central Japan.
Dkr.
177. Dentalium octogonum + + . | Central to Southern Japan,
Lam. | China, Australia, Ceylon.
178. Dentalium edoense Tok. | + + + + . |

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. -* SBh

a 2 |
@ | -c a
sata a=) ea 2 ve
o}]s|@]o o |HE LIVING
a|2|2|5| S| 3 [2
Ola |MiM/H/a|F
179. Dentalium (Fustiaria) -
nipponicus Yok.
Lamellibranchiata.
Family Pholadidae.
180. Pholas fragilis Sow 4 te os ee ee ee | Northern to, Western Japan,
i : Philippines.
fe Wenwuene kamakoconcis|>- -- -- -> <- + +> | Gemtral Japan.
Yok.
Family Saxicavidae.
182. Panope generosa Gld. f+ .. .. .. + + ..| Northern Japan, Washington
| to California. (Fossil in Mio-
cene to Pleistocene of the
| West.
ipsa axicnva orientalis Yok, |... 0.6 ss «- + -+ ses
Family Corbulidae. :
184. Corbula erythrodon Lam|4 .. .. + .. .. ..| Central and Western Japan.
185. Corbula venusta Gld. l, 4 4+ .. + + + Northern Japan.
186. Corbulafrequens Yok. | + + ss gs
187. Corbula pustulosa Yok. | + + ;
a8. sConbula sematensis Wok: |. ..0..0-- .. # -s|
189. Corbula pygmea Yok. 2 eee Se, eo :
190; @orbula sub-tricta Yok. |... .. .- -- -+ +
Family Myacidae.
191. Cryptomya busoensis Naty a HE | Central Japan.
ok.
Family Mactridae.
192. Mactra sulcataria Desh. | + + 4+. ..| Northern to Southern Japan.
4 eegeiape “ 3 ii. ibe | North China, Possiet Bay.
193. Mactra veneriformis eo cw (Ee ee Northern to Western Japan,
Desh. North China.
194. Mactra ovalina Lam. a Eee Se ae ae eee, ae Central Japan, Puget Sound in
British Columbia.
195. Mactra dunkeri Yok. 65 Bie + ct or = + CCR BRaier) 4
196. Mactra sachalinensis eo 40 bg. fe. og Eielisges fives North.
Schr. var. imperialis Yok. | and Cent. Japan.
a ; ete eas | Pty in tak he _, | North. Japan, Behring Sea,
197. Spisula grayana Schr. | + Wan oce 5
198. Spisula bernardi Pils. Pe Se eee ie ere Japan.
199. Raeta yokohamensis Pils.|}+ + + -- + -- -:| Central Japan.
200. Raeta pellicula Desh. Ly 2! ote eae, | eppen (Rees).
201. Raeta elliptica Yok. gE eae Sa ea
202. Raeta magnifica Yok. ah AR 1S ee aD
203. Tresus nuttalli Conr. <a dee Saeeeeet) S- ES ( aree North. to West. Japan, Alaska
to San Diego, (Pliocene and
Pleistocene of California).
204. Lutraria maxima Jon. eS. ee ee, ee; ay | Ce Japan.

he RR ae ee TTT es

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

12
% =
a
s|/3] 5] 2
+ n 5 =
OS ete
O;n|H)]
Family So'engdae.
205. Solen grandis Dkr. +
206. Solen krusemsternii Sch.|+ + +
207. Siliqua pulchella Dkr. +
208. Solecurtus divaricatus +
Lke.
Family Donacidae.
209. Donax introradiatus Rve.| . .
Family Psammobiidae.
210. Psammobia kazusensis
Yok.
211. Soletellina violacea Lam.) + + +
212. Soletellina olivacea Jay. | + +
Family ‘ ellinidae.
213. Tellina jedoensis Lke. oe Bie
214, Tellina venulosa Schr. ay a;
215. Tellina nitidula Dkr. alae: suetet
216. Tellinaalternata Say. var.) + 2
chibana Yok.
217. Tellina ojiensis Tok. an
218. ‘Tellina miyatensis Yok. | + ory set
219. ‘Tellina delta Yok. + + +
220. Macoma pretexta Mart. | + + ..
221. Macoma nipponica Tok. | + + +
222. Macoma inquinata Desh. +
223. Macoma dissimilis Mart. | +
224, Macoma secta Conr. +
Family Veneridae.
225. Dosinia troscheli Lke. ag Wd ir Sem ©
226. Dosinia bilunulata Gray.) +
227. Cyclina chinensis Chem. | +
228. Lucinopsis divaricata
Lke.
229. Meretrix meretrix Linné,| + + +
230. Meretix chinensisChem.| + + +
231. Sunetta excavata Hanl. | + al Okey

Tega

+++

Shito

Lower

Musashino

LIVING

Central and Western Japan,
Philippines.

Northern Japan.
Central and Western Japan.
Central and Western Japan.

Central Japan.

Northern to Western Japan.
Philippines,

Northern to Western Japan,
Cheefoo.

Central and Western Japan.
Northern Japan, Okhotsk Sea.

Central and Western Japan.
Central Japan.

Northern and Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Central and Western Japan.

Northern Japan.

Okhotsk Sea to W. Japan, Alaska
to San Diego. (Pliocene and
Pleistocene of California).

Central Japan.

Centr.and West. Japan, Califor-
nia. (Pliocene and Pleistocene
of California.)

Central and Western Japan.
Central Japan.

North. to West. Japan, Cochin
China.

Central and Western Japan.

North. Japan to Moluccas.

North. to West. Japan, China
Sea, Australia.

N. to W. Japan, South Australia

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

13

232. Venus (Mercenaria)
stimpsoni Gld.

233. Venus jedoensis Lke.

Venus neastartoides Yok
Chione isabellina Phil.

234.
235.
236.

237. Venerupis semipurpurea

Dkr.

238. Tapeseuglyptus Phil. |,

239. Tapes philippinarum Ad.
et Rve. ;

240. T'ap’s variegatus Hanl.
Saxidomus purpuratus |
Sow.

241,

Family Cardiidae.

242. Cardium burchardi Dkr. |

243. Cardiuin californiense
Desh.

244. Cardium muticum Rve.

345. Cardium modestum Ad.
et Rve.

246. Cardium braunsi Tok.

247. Cardium tokunagai Yok. |

Family Leptonidae. |
248. Montacuta japonica Yok.
249. Montacuta oblongata Yok.) as
250. Montacuta yamakawai

Yok.
251. Thyasira trigonata Yok.
Family Diplodontidae.
252. Diplodonta usta Gld.
253. Diplodonta japonica Phil.|
254. Diplodonta semiaspera |

Phil.

Family Lucinidae.
255. Lucina pisidium Dkr.
|

256. Lucina borealis L.

257. Lucina contraria Dkr.

Otake

Chione mindanensis Sm. |, .

+

or

Shisui

+

Kamenari

Kioroshi

Tega

Shito

Musashino

Tower

+

+

LIVING |

Northern to Western Japan.

Northern, Central and Western
Japan.

Gentral Japan.
Japan (Dunker), China Sea.

Philippines (in depth of 52
fathoms).

Northern to Western Japan.

Central and Western Japan.

North. to West. Japan, Philip-
pines.

Central and Western Japan.
Philippenes.

North. to West. Japan, Bonin I.
Sitka to California, Chile.

_ Central and Western Japan.
| North. to West. Japan, Behring

Sea. British Columbia. Cali-
fornia.

Northern to Western Japan.
Philippines, East Indies.

Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Northern and Central Japan.
Central Japan.

Centr. and West. Japan, Mazat-
lan, West Indies, Patagonia.

North. to South. Japan. New
South Wales.

Centr. Japan. Iceland to Medi-
terranean. (Miocene to Glacial
of Europe).

Central Japan.

Family Chamidae.
258. Chama semipurpurata
Lke.

Family Carditidae.

259. Venericardia cipangoana
Yok.

|

Venericardia ferruginea
Ad.
Venericardia toneana
Yok. |
Family Astartidae
Astarte borealis Chem.

260.

261.

262.

263.
Family Crassateliidae.

264. Crassatella oblongata
Yok.

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

+

Astarte hakodatensis Yok. --

265. Crassatella kioroshiana |--

Yok.
266. Crassatella heteroglypta
Pils.
Family Cyrenidae.

267. Corbicula sandaiformis
Yok.
268. Corbicula kobelti Yok.

Family Pleurophoridae.

269. Coralliophaga corallio-
phaga Chem.

270. Trapezium nipponicum
Yok.
271. Trapezium ventricosum |
Yok.
272. Trapezium liratum Rve.
‘amily Cuspidariidae.
273. Cuspidaria ligula Yok. |
Family Lyonstidae.
274. Lyonsia pretenuis Dkr. |
275. Entodesma naviculoides |
Yok.
Family Myochamidae.
276. Myodora fluctuosa Gld. |
277. Myodora reeviana Sm. |
Family Thraciidae.
278. Thracia papyracea Poli.

ol
_l|ala

i ee eA ee

ale2|s\|e| @

SClnIMIMIE

+ + + + +

+ +

+ +
+
=

- +

+

a

+

+

+

+ + + + +

+ +

+ +

Shito

Musashino

Lower

LIVING

Central to Southern Japan.

Central and Western Japan.
(Fossil in Miocene of Hokkai-
do).

Central Japan.

North. Japan. Arctic Seas. Bri-
tain.(Fossil in English Crag.)

Northern Japan.

- Central and Western Japan.

Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Central and Western Japan.
Red Sea. W. Indies.

- | Central and Western Japan.

Central Japan.

Western Japan.

Western Japan.

Western Japan, China.

Norway to Mediterranean.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

15

a | E
= =
-« | a Q ei
2 =] 2 (=) ° aw
Ola |S |M/H] mix
279. Thracia transmontana ae os Ae gets
Yok.
280. Thracia sematana Yok. xa
Family Poromyidae.
281. Poromya flexuosa Yok. re
Family Mytilidae.

282. Modiola barbata L. + ier
283. Modiola modiolus L. ate
284. Lithophaga zitteliana | +

Dkr.
285. Crenella divaricata Yok. +
Family Anomtidae.

286. Anomia nipponensis Yok. + a ata oe ee

287. Anomia lunula Yok. be + -
288. Anomia sematana Yok. +
Family Limidae.
289. Lima angulata Sow. + + foe pe
!
290. Lima subauriculata |. + + + +
Mont.

291. Lima quantoensis Yok. + +

292. Lima vulgatula Yok. +
Family Spondylidae.

293. Spondylus cruentus Lke.} + ius

294. Plicatula cuneata Dkr. + . |
Family Pectinidae.

-295. Pecten squamatus Gm. = + ~
296. Pecten letus Gould. + + + +)
297. Pecten subplicatus Sow. ~
298. Pecten crassicostatus + +

Sow.
299. Pecten vesiculosus Dkr. + +)

LIVING

Central Japan.

Northern to Western Japan.
Mediterranean Sea. (Fossil in
English Crag).

Northern to Western Japan.
North Atlantic. (Pliocene of
Europe).

Western Japan.

Central Japan.

Northern, Central and Western
Japan.

| Northern and Central Japan.

Philippines, Panama, New
South Wales.

Greenland to Mediterranean
Sea. (Fossil in Miocene and
Pliocene of Europe.)

Central Japan.

Central and Western Japan.
Central and Western Japan,

Central and Western Japan.
Philippines.

Northern, Central and Western
Japan.

Western Japan, Philippines,
Moluccas.

| Central to Southern Japan.

| Central Japan.

16 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:
& oa z
| ray 3 a 2 ols Z
2/2/8183] &| 3/2
VS S01 sh) 0) oe cae
lOoOlai|M |] & | |r
fon rane SORE Pe is a el
300. Pecten intuscostatus ape as
Yok.
301. Pecten tokyoensis Tok. | + =p GF
302. Pecten tissoti Bern. Tn Orie
303. Pecten laqueatus Sow. Re ee ee ee pag ae
304. Pecten excavatus Ant. + a ae
305. Pecten tenuicostulatus +
Yok.
Family Osttreidae.
306. Ostrea gigas Thunb. bt ee A. ee ae ee ee
307. Ostrea denselamellosa + -
Lke.
308. Ostrea musashiana Yok. | + + +
|
Family Pinnidae.
309. Pinna japonica Hanl. +
Family Arcidae.
310. Arca kobeltiana Pils. + + +
311. Arcasymmetrica Rve. [| + .. eet ts
312. Arca (Anomalocardia) (|+ + + + oF
granosa L.
313. Arca (Anomalocardia) + + o
inflata Rve.
314. Arca (Scapharca) 1} ede ae reyes
subcrenata Lke.
315. Pectunculus albolineatus| +
Lke.
316. Pectuneculusvestitus Dkr.) + .. + + + -- +
317. Pectunculus yessoensis | + + + + + + +
Sow.
318. Pectunculus pilsbryi Yok.) .. + +
319. Pectunculus yamakawai a=
Yok.
Family Paral elodontidae.
320. Parallelodon obliquatus ep 3F
Yok.
821. Cucullaria orientalis Yok.| . . +
Family Limopsidae.
322. Limopsis woodwardi Ad. | + + a
323. Limopsis crenata Ad. + +
324 Limopsis azamana Yok. | + + +

LIVING

Japan (Dunker).
Northern, Central
Japan.

North. and Centr. Japan, China
Sea.

and Western

Northern, Central and Western
Japan. Coast of Manchuria
and Shantung

Northern to Southern Japan.

Central and Western Japan.

Northern and Central Japan.
Central Japan to Philippines.
Central Japan to Philippines.

Northern Japan to Philippines.

Central, Western and Southern
Japan.

Central Japan.

Central Japan.
Northern Japan.

Central Japan.

Northern and Central Japan.

Central Japan.

Northern. Central and
Western Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 417

— =)
a (eee 5
a| 3 :
@ on, 2 2
Fe NaS) Naor la ie o|s8 LIVING
|O|;ma|Mi|M)/a]a ja
325. Limopsis adamsiana Yok.) . . Sse
326. Limopsis areolata Yok. +
327. Limopsis nipponica Yok.|.. .. .. +
Family Ledide.
328. Leda confusa Hanl. -) t+ + .. +. + = ..| Central Japan.
329. Leda ramsayi Sm. oe ee ee ee ee) 6 )hChUt | dU New South Wales (at 950 —,
330. Yoldia notabilis Yok. ee
Family Nuculide.
331. Nucula insignis Ad. | + + ++ ++ ++ + +] Northern Japan
MOLLUSCOIDEA.
Brachiopoda.
Family Terebratulide. /
332. Terebratella coreanica A.|.. ee oe “. o- + — Northern, Central and Western
et R, Japan.
333. Terebratella pulvinata es) oie eeeehs See el Tash
aid. Puget Sound, Washington.
334. Enudesia grayi Dav. |.- «2 ++ «+ «+ + --| Northern, Central and Western
Family Rhynchonellid>. | Japan, California.
335. Rhynchonella psittacea |.. .. .. .. .. + ..| Northern to Western Japan.
Chem. var. woodwardi Ad.

The number of species yielded by each locality is as follows :

Otake 196 of which 164 or 83.6% are found in one or more of the other localities.
Shisui 81 of which 74 or 91.0% are found in one or more of the other localities.

Kamenari 56 of which 52 or 93.0% are found in one or more of the other localities.
Kioroshi 49o0f which 44 or 90.0% are found in one or more of the other localities.

Tega 117 of which 99 or 84.6% are found in one or more of the other iocalities.
Shito 218 of which 192 or 88.0% are found in one or more of the other localities.

From this it is quite clear that the faunae of all the localities
are very similar to one another. And this is what might be
expected from the position of the shell-layer in which they were
collected and which, seen from a geological point of view, can not
be considered as representing more than a single horizon. And
this horizon I propose to call Manzakian from the railway station
of Manzaki” close to which the fossil locality of Otake lies.

1) Written Matsuzaki (fi), but read Manzaki.

18 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

In the first place, the number of species which are not
yet known to be living now, amount to 103, which make
30.7% of the whole fauna. But if we take into account 16
Pteropoda” already described by Yamakawa and Ishikawa from
Semata-no-Seki in Shito and which are all living, the above per-
centage becomes 29.3, which is a little more than one-fourth of the
whole fauna. This percentage, though somewhat lower than that
of the Lower Musashino (about 37%), must still be called a tolera-
bly high one, if the overlying loam is really Pleistocene as is
believed by many. Of course, as'I have stated in the case of the
Lower Musashino, also in this case, there is a possibility of the
reduction of the above percentage by the discovery of so-called
non-living forms as living. How far this reduction goes, it is at
present impossible to say. Admitting, however, that it goes down
to one-half which is very improbable, there stillremain about 14.67%
of non-living forms, making about one-seventh of the whole
fauna. When we compare this percentage with those of the Crags
of England, for instance with the 7% of the Norwich Crag and the
10% of the Red Crag which are both considered as Pliocene, I can
not ascribe to the Manzakian an age younger than the Uppermost
Pliocene. Sometimes the occurrence of Hlephas namadicus Fale. et
Cautl. is adduced against the Pliocene age of the layer. It is true
that this elephant which was first discovered in the Narbada bed of
India and subsequently also in China is usually considered Pleis-
tocene.” But it must be remembered that it is still uncertain wheth-
er it is really distinct from 7. antiquus Fale., a species which in
Europe is not only Lower Pleistocene, but also Upper Pliocene. By so
saying, however, I am far from denying the possibility of the layer
being younger. I am only viewing the matter from the present

1) Some Pteropoda from the Neogene of Semata (Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol. XIX, 1912).
The described species are Limacina inflata (d’Orb.), Clio (Crescis) acicula Rang., Clio (Crescis)
virgula Rang., Clio (Styliola) subulata Q. et G., Clio pyramidata L., Clio cuspidata (Bose ), Clio
balantium (Rang.), Cuvieria columella (Rang.), Cavolinia (Diacria) trispinosa (Les.), Cavolinia
(Diacria) quadridentata (Les ), Cavolinia longirostris (Les.), Cavolinia glolosa (Rang.), Cavolinia
gibbosa (Rang.), Cavolinia tridentata (Foxsk ), Cavolina uncinata (Rang.) a d Cavolinia méera
(Les.), all found in Japanese waters except Clio balantium which occurs only more south.

2) Osborn seems to consider the Narbada bed Upper Pliocene. The Age of Mammals,
p. 335.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 19

state of our knowledge of its Molluscan fauna. For the layer to be
Pleistocene, there must be some unmistakable evidence, and until
that evidence is found, I deem it most expedient to assign to the
layer a place in the Upper Pliocene.

Be the age as it may, there is an important fact which
‘deserves our fullest attention. It is the general character of the
fauna in relation to that of the recent as well as of the Lower
Musashino from a climatic point of view. If we divide the living
species, 252” in all, according to their habitat, we get the following
result :

(1) Species now living only near the fossil localities (Central

Japan)” or in about the same latitudes (Western Japan)......... 114.
Percentage of the whole fauna .................. 49.1
(2) Species now living in Central or Western Japan as well
Seemerthe a! it) (Northern Japan). Wie wen. dIew Ab.
Percentage of the whole fauna .................. 19.4
(3) Species now living in Central or Western Japan as well
feeeeth of it (Southern Japam)i sisi hiss socsweloiyadt... 015.029.
Percentage of the whole fauna .................. 12.5
(4) Species now living in whole Japan (Northern-
Renter 82.5):, oh eae ir Ud ae ae chad beggar athe. 16.
Percentage of the whole fauna ...... ............ 6.9
(5) Species now living only in Northern Japan............ 14.
Percentage of the whole fauna .................. 6.0
(6) Species now living only outside of Japan ............ 8.
Percentage of the whole fauna .................. 3.5
(7) Species whose habitat is not accurately known....... 6.
Percentage of the whole fauna .............. face 6

1) The species which, though living, have been separated as varieties are not counted
in this number. They are Bela rugulata Tr, » ar, schneideri Harm., Pyramidella virgo Ad, var,
brevis Yok., Macroschisma chinensis Ad. var. laevis Yok., Calliostoma unicum Dkr, var. shina-
gawensis Tok. and Mactira sachalinensis Schr, var. imperialis Yok.

2) Japan, as in my previous paper, has been divided into four parts viz.: Northern,
Central, Western, and Soutkern Japan. Northern Japan is that part of the country lying
north of the 38th parallel north latitude, while Central Japan is the part lying south of the
same parallel and east of 136° east longitude. Western Japan is the part west of the same
longitude, including Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Southern Japan is south of Kyushu

‘including the Ryukyu Islands, Formosa and the Ogasawaras or Bonins.

20 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

It will be seen from the above that the species which form the
main mass of the fauna are still living either near the fossil localities
(Central Japan) or in the same latitudes more to the west (Western
Japan). But among these forms, we have to distinguish those
which live exclusively in Central or Western Japan from those
which at the same time live either north (in Northern Japan) or
south (in Southern Japan) of it. As might be expected, the forms
which live exclusively in Central or Western Japan amount to
about one-half (114 or about 50%), while those which live at the
same time either north or south are much iess (74 or 32%). But if
we compare the forms which at the same time live north with those
which at the same time live south, the former are considerably
more in number (45 or 19.4%) than the Jatter (29 or 12.5%).
Moreover, we must note that there are, besides, 14 species which
at present are known only from Northern Japan. They are the
following :

1. Chrysodomus arthriticus Val.
2. Chrysodomus schrencki Yok.
3. Priene oregonensis Redf.

4. Puncturella nobilis Ad.

5. Panope generosa Gd.

6. Corbula venusta Gld.

7. Spisula grayana Schy.

8. NSolen krusensternii Schr.

9. Tellina venulosa Schr.

10. Macoma nipponica Tok.

11. Astarte borealis Chem.

12. Astarte hakodatensis Yok.

13. Pectunculus yessoensis Sow.

14. Nueula insignis Ad.

And among the foreign forms, there are also two which may
be counted among the northern ones. They are Terebratella
pulvinata Gld, of Puget Sound in Washington and Leda ramsayr
Smith” of New South Wales, found at a depth of 950 fathoms. It

1) I was recently told that a form which is either identical with, or close to, this
bivalve is found in Northern Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 21

is true that there are also two forms which are hitherto known only

from tropical regions, namely : Chione mindanensis Smith of the
Philippines and Crassatella nana Ad. et Rve. of Borneo. But these
two can hardly have any weight on the sixteen northern forms
which constitute about 7% of the whole fauna. From this we are
obliged to infer that the waters on the Pacific side of Central Japan
during the Wanzakian time were somewhat cooler than at present.
However, when we compare the northerly character of the Man-
zakian fauna with that of the Lower Musashino,” it is decidedly Jess
marked, for the latter contains some 20% of the exclusively north-
ern forms, and not a single one of the southern. This shows to a
certainty that the waters of the Musashino Epoch which at one
time” were tolerably cold became less so toward its end. And this,
must be called truly remarkable,” as in Europe just the opposite
was the case. There, as is well known, the climate of the Pliocene
time which on the whole was quite temperate became gradually
cold toward its end, and in the succeeding Pleistocene it became
so cold as to cause the so-called Ice-age.

What I have stated above are plain facts as revealed by the
.study of the Musashino fossils. Why things were so is at present
difficult to say. But an opinion I have, and this opinion has
already been advanced in my paper entitled ‘* Climatic Changes in
Japan since the Pliocene Epoch.’’®”

1) Fossils from the Miura Peninsula, p. 22.

2) Koshiba zone, Ibid. p. 24.

3) Still more remarkable is the occurrence of the so-called Coral-bed of Awa which I
take for younger than the Upper Musashino, and perhaps also younger than the overlying loam,
In this bed, as already pointed out in my “ Climatic Changes,” are found, besides large reef-
building corals, Molluscan remains which contain several exclusively tropical forms together
with several others not yet known to be living. These remains will form the subject of my
next paper.

4) Jour. Sci. Coll., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. XXXII, Art. 5, 1911.

Description of the Species
Phylum Mollusca.

Class GASTROPODA.
Family Acteonide.

Genus SOLIDULA, Fischer von Waldheim.

1. Solidula strigosa (Gould).
PLI. Fig. 1.

Solidula strigosa. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll. Japan, p. 6. Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. XV,
p- 137, pl. XXA, figs. 60, 61.

Buceinulus strigosus. Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIL, p. 141. Otia Concho-
logica, p. 114.

Tornatella strigosa. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 104, pl. V, figs. 12, 13.
Buecinulus fraterculus. Dunker, Ind. Moll. Mar. Japon., p. 161, pl. XII, figs. 21-23.
Solidula fratercula. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap., p. 6.

A small rather solid shell, ellipsoidal in form, and with whorls
which number between five and six. The spire is short, being less
than one-fourth the height of the shell. The surface-sculpture
consists of fine, impressed and punctured, spiral tines which num-
ber four on the penultimate and about twenty-five on the ultimate
whorl. A fine interstitial line is also present, most conspicuons on
the lower half of the last whorl. Of the two columella-folds which
are present, the upper is weak and simple, while the lower is strong
and bilobed, the lobes being generally nearly equal in size.

All of the four specimens which were obtained are a trifle
broader than those described by the above authors. The largest
measures 11.7 millim. in height and 5 millim. in diameter.

The shell described by Dunker as Buccinulus fraterculus is
surely identical with Gould’s species.

Fossil occurrence :—Otake and Shito. *

Living :—Central, Western and Southern Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 23

2. Solidula clathrata, Yokoyama.

Pl. I. Fig. 2.

Shell moderate in size, solid, ovately oblong. Whorls about
seven, somewhat convex. Spire short and pointed, the body-whorl
occupying about four-fifths the height of the shell. The sculpture
consists of spiral sulci which number usually five on the upper
whorls and twenty or more on the body-whorl. These sulci which
are almost always narrower than the flat interspaces are finely
latticed by raised lines of growth which, though prominent on the
front-side of the body-whorl, are either indistinct or obsolete on its
back-side and also on the upper whorls. Aperture long, equalling
to almost two-thirds the height of the shell, widened and rounded
in front, narrowed and acuminate behind. Columelia-folds two ;
the upper weak and not prominent, the lower strong and bilobed,
the lower lobe being weaker than the upper. Sutures subchannel-
ed. Height 19.3 millim. Diameter 9.5 millim. Height of body-
whorl 16 millim. Length of aperture 13 millim.

This species is closely related to the preceding, but it grows
larger, and the sulci are latticed and not punctured. Also the
aperture is not so produced, and the two lobes of the lower
columella-fold are unequal in size.

Fossil occurrence :—Shito (only three specimens).

Genus LEUCOTINA, A. Adams.

3. Leueotina gigantea, (Dunker).
PLL. Fig. 3.
Leucotina gigantea. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap., p. 7. Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. XV,
p. 167, pl. XVIII, figs. 92, 93.
Act.eon giganteus. Dunker, Index Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 160, pl. II, fig. 59.
Tornatella gigantea. Tokunaga, Foss. Envy. Tokyo, p. 31, pl. I, fig. 10.

Many specimens. The largest measures 29 millim. in height
and 13 millim. in diameter. The whorls number eight with flat
spiral ribs on them, ten on the penultimate and twenty two on the
ultimate whorl. Under a lens the interspaces appear cross-striated,

94 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

the direction of the striae coinciding with that of incremental lines.
The outer lip is thin and suleate within. The margin is crenulate.
Fossil occurrence :—Frequent at Shito, rarer at Otake. Also
found at Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi.
Living.—Japan (Dunker).

Family Tornatinid2.
Genur TORNATINA, A. Adams.

4. Tornatina ewilis. Dunker.
PlLI. Fig. 4.

Tornatina exilis. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 25, pl. Il, fig. 14. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll.
j ap., p. 7. Tryon, Man. Conch., XV, p. 190, pl, XXIL, fig. 25. Tokunaga, Foss.
Env. Tokyo, p. 31, pl. II, fig. 9. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 34. Yamakawa,
Foss. Opisthobr. Diluv. Depos. Japan. (Journ. Geol. Soc. Tokyo. vol. XVIII)
p. 40, pl. X, figs. 4-7.

This small shell has already been figured by Tokunaga and
Yamakawa in the works above cited. the latter giving, morover, a
full description of it.

Fossil occurrence.—Very frequent at Otake, rarer at Shisui,

Tega and Shito. Also found at Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Western Japan.

~~

5- Tornatina longispirata, Yamakawa.

PLI. Fig. 5.
Tornatina longispirata. Yamakawa, Foss. Opisthobr. Dil. Dep. Jap. (Jour. Geol. Soe.
Tokyo, vol, XVIII), p. 41, pl. X, figs. 8, 9, 10.

Tornatina longispirata var. otakensis. Yamakawa, loc. cit., p. 42, pl. X, figs. 11, 12, 13.
A full description of this species is found in the work of

Yamakawa who distinguished a typical form and a variety, the

former having five whorls and the latter four. Besides, he says

that the spire in the variety is more pointed, which seems to be a

mistake for less pointed. Anyhow I deem the separation unneces-

sary.
Fossil occurrence.—Rarely found at Otake and Tega.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 25

Genus RETUSA, Broun.

6. Retusa globosa, Yamakawa.
P1.I. Fig. 6.

Pistiase globosa. Yamakawa, Foss. Opisthobr. Dil. Dep. Jap., p. 48, pl. X, figs. 14-16.
Yamakawa gives the diagnosis of this species as follows :
‘Shell small, subeylindrical, rather solid, mucronate above

and obtuse below. Spire very short. Whorls four, the first one

the most prominent, the second generally the shortest. Body-
whorl long, almost as long as the shell. Surface with fine, almost
obsolete lines of growth. Aperture narrow, linear, dilated below
into an oval spathulate form without any fold on the columella.

Lip curved forward. Wall of the aperture callous.’’

Some of our specimens have the aperture more produced in
front than in the figure of Yamakawa. The height of the shell is
about twice its diameter, or a little less. The largest specimen is
only 3.5 millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence.—Rarely found at Otake, Shisui and Shito,
and so also at Oji and Kurumacho (Shiba-quarter, Tokyo).

7. Retusa truncata. Yamakawa.

PLI. Fig. 7.
Retusa truncata, Yamakawa, Foss. Opisthobr. (Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol. XVIII). p.
44, pl. X, figs, 17-20.

This is a quite cylindrical shell, more slender than the prece-
ding. The spire is hidden in a sunken pit, so that the shell-top
appears truncated when seen sidewise. ‘The whorls number four,
with the surface smooth. The largest specimen measures 4.3 mil-
lim. in height and 2 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—Rarely found at Otake and Shito. Yama-
kawa mentions it also from Oji in Musashi.

8. Retusa minima, Yamakawa.

Retusa minima. Yamakawa, Foss. Opisthobr., p. 47, pl. XI, figs. 21-25. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 26, pl. I, fig. 1.

26 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

This shell like the foregoing has its top truncate and the spire
hidden in a pit. The diameter increases towards below or front,
being smallest at about one-third the shell-height from the top
and greatest near the middle or a little above it. The surface where
the diameter is smallest appears slightly concave. The height of
the largest specimen is 3 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake and Shito (rare at both). Oji.
Lower Musashino of Miyata and Naganuma Zones.

9. Volvula angustata, (A. Adams), var.
Pi, shag. 8:

Volvula angustata. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 8. Tryon, Mannal Conch., XV, p. 240, pl.
XXVI, fig. 67.

Bulla angustata, A. Adams in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., II, p. 596, pl. CXXV, fig. 153.

A few specimens. The shape agrees well with the above
mentioned species of Adams except the apex which is somewhat
blunter in our fossil. This difference, however, can hardly be con-
sidered as more than a varietal one. Ihe general shape of the shell
is cylindrical, tapering slightly towards behind. The aperture is
linear and much dilated in front. The outer lip is somewhat con-
tracted in the middle.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake and Shito.

Living.—Northern Japan. Philippines. New Guinea.

10. Volvula acuteformis, Yokoyama.

PlpE Wigs 9%

Shell rather small, thin, fusiform, with apex ending in a blunt
spine. The greatest diameter is in the middle of the shell. Aper-
ture long, linear, dilated below and bordered on the inner side by
an elevated margin somewhat bent outward. Height twice the
diameter, or a trifle less. The largest specimen measures 5.5 mil-
lim. in height.

This species is quite like Volvula minuta Bush (Tryon, Man.
Conch., XV, p. 237, pl. XXII, fig. 20, pl. XXVI, fig. 57) which is

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. oT

considered by Dall as identical with Volvula acuta d’Orbigny (not
Volvula acuta Tokunaga, a species which I unite with V. aewminata
Brug.). But the presence of the raised margin on the inner side
of the apertural end and the larger size of the shell distinguish the
Japanese fossil from the above mentioned living shell from Ameri-
ca. Volvula oxytata Bush (Man. Conch., pl. XXVI, fig. 63), also
a living American shell and allied to our fossil, is somewhat more

_ slender.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (frequent).

Family Scaphandridez.
Genus CYLICHNA, Loven.

ll. Cylichna musashiensis, Tokunaga.
Pl.I. Fig. 10.
Cylichna musashiensis, Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 32, pl. II, fig. 12. Yokoya-
ma, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 27, pl. I. fig. 4.
Bulla eylindracea. Brauns, Geol. Envy. Tokio, p. 35.

Although the shell-form is generally cylindrical, with the
greatest diameter in its middle portion, there are rarely specimens
which somewhat taper above. The height varies between 2.2 and
2.5 times the diameter. The transverse striations which Tokunaga
omitted to mention are sometimes very distinct, especially on the
lower portion of the shell. The largest example measures 16 mil-
lim. in height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui and Shito. Oji and Tabata
in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Koshiba.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Philinide.
Genus PHILINE, Ascanius.
12. Philine aera: A. Adams.
PL i. -#e i

Philine scalpta. A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1862, vol. IX, p. 160, Lischke, Jap.
Meeresconchi., III, p. 76, pl. V, figs. 15, 16.

28 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

A thin shell oblong-ovate in form and longitudinally sub-
plicate, with distant impressed spiral lines and a large aperture. It
agrees quite well with the figures and descriptions given of Adams’
species by Lischke.

We possess two specimens, about one (fig. 12) of which we
are still in doubt whether it belongs here or not, on account of its
bad state of preservation.

Fossil occurrence. —Shisui and Kioroshi ().

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

13. Philine pygmea, Yokoyama.

Pl.I. Fig 13.

Shell small, thin, roundly quadrate in outline. Spire none,
the apex being somewhat sunken. Body-whorl large with its
middle portion slightly excavated. Incremental lines distinct,
crossing the dense, wavy. punctate, impressed spiral lines. Height
4 millim. Breadth 3.5 millim.

This species is readily recognized by its small size’ and
subquadrate shape.

Fossil occurrence. —Shisui (rare).

Living.—Central Japan.

14. Phitine takatensis, Yokoyama.

PL V. Fig. 4.

Shell rather small, thin, swollen, oval in outline, with the
anterior end sharper than the posterior. About fifteen distant
elevated spiral riblets ornament the surface. Lines of growth
numerous and distinct. Aperture very large, oval, with a broad
and shallow notch at the place where it touches the coiled portion
of the shell.

A single specimen measuring 8.4 millim. in height and 7
millim. in apertural breadth.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 29

Family Bullide.
Genus BULLA, Linne.

15. Bulla multiarata, Yokoyama.

Pl.I. Fig. 14.

Shell small, moderately thick, oval. Spire sunken and with
asmall hole. Body-whorl inflated, ornamented with over thirty
equidistant puncticulate impressed spiral lines. Aperture a little
longer than the shell-height, narrowed above, dilated and rounded
below. Umbilicus open as a small hole. Outer lip thin, the
greater part running vertically downward, with only a slight cur-
vature. Height 4 millim. Diameter 2 millim.

This is a nice little shell easily known by its puncticulate
spiral lines.

Fossil ocecurrence.—Shito (rare).

16. Bulla ovula, Sowerby.
Pl.J. Fig. 15.

Bulla ovula. Sowerby, Reeve’s Conch. Icon., Bulla fig. 5.

Bulla vernicosa Gould var. ovula. Tryon, Man. Conch., XV, p. 349, pl. XXXVI, figs.
34, 35.

Bulla (vernicosa var ?) ovulum. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 10.

A single but perfect specimen.

The shell is oval in outline and smooth on surface. It mea-
sures 11 millim. in height and 7.5 millim. in diameter. In
Tryon’s Manual of Conchology above quoted, weak spiral grooves.
are mentioned as present on the inner side of the outer lip which,
however, are absent in our fossil specimen.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui.

Living.—Central, Western and Southern Japan (Ryukyu).

30 Art. 1 —M. Yokoyama 5,

Family Ringiculide.
Genus REINGICULA, Deshayes.

17. Ringieula musashinoensis, Yokoyama.

Pl... Bigs. 165 07
Ringicula musashinoensis. Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 30, pl. L. Figs, 3. 8.
Ringicula arctata. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 80. Tokunaga, Foss, Env. Tokyo, p.
"82, pl. II, fig. 11.

That this shell is not Ringieula arctata Gould as asserted by
Brauns and Tokunaga has already been explained in my work
above cited. I have here to add that there are specimens (pl. I,
figs. 16, 17) which have the outer lip not so thickened as in the
typical ones, so that they approach in this respect Ringieula doliaris
Gould living in our seas, (Tryon’s Manual, XV, p. 403. pl. VII,
figs, 82, 83). But these are connected with the typical form by
intermediate forms and differ from A. doliaris by the more abrupt-
ly sloping body-whorl below the suture. The spiral lines of the
surface which are generally distinct may often become obsolete.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very numerous), Shisui, Tega,
Kioroshi, Shito (numerous). Also Oji, Shinagawa and Tabata in
Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Terebride.
Genus TEREBRA, Adanson.
18s. Terebra lischkeana, Dunker.

Terebra lischkeana, Dunker, Index Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 71, pl. V. figs. 18-16. Pilsbry,
Catalogue, p. 12. Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 37, pl. XII, fig. 22. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 31, pl. I, fig. 10.

A few young specimens, the largest of which attains the

height of 30 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake and Shito. Lower Musashino of

Miyata.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 31

19. Terebra gotoensis, Smith.
PLT. Fig. 18.
Terebra yotoensis. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 183, pl. XIX, figs. 1, la.
Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 12. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 73.
Terebra alveolata Hinds var. gotoensis, Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. VII, p. 23, pl. V, figs.
85, 91.

Shell subulate. Whorls about seventeen, flat, slightly con-
eave on the upper third, longitudinally weakly plicate. Plicae
numerous, close together, about twenty-six on the body-whorl,
somewhat sinuous, vertical at the upper end, then bending back-
ward and then forward, the lower end being directed obliquely
forward. Periphery obtusely angulate, with the base abruptly con-
tracted, the angle formed at the periphery being about 130°. Base

-smooth, with coarse lines of growth only. Aperture subrhombic.

Canal short and curved.

There are two specimens, both of which are not quite perfect.
The height is about 20 millim. and the diameter 5 millim.

Tryon’s opinion that Terebra goloensis is only a variety of
Terebra alveolata Hinds, a species living in the Strait of Malacca, I
am at present unable to confirm. What Tokunaga calls Teredra
alveolata Hinds (Foss. Envy. Tokyo, pl. I, fig. 17) seems to be a
quite different shell.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake.

Living.—Western Japan.

20. Terebra hedleyi, Pilsbry.
Pl.L Fig. 19.
Terebra hedleyi. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Gastropoda (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei.

Philad., Jan., 1904) p. 3, pl. I, figs. 1, la.

The shell is subulate with about fifteen flat whorls of which
one and a half are embryonal and smooth ; the remaining whorls
are ornamented with flat spiral cords whose first or uppermost is
the broadest, occupying about one-third of a whorl and is tubercu-
late, the tubercles being distinct on the upper whorls and indistinct
or obsolete on the lower. The second cord is somewhat narrower

32 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :
than the first and weakly tuberculate only on the upper whorls.
The third cord is about as broad as the second, and on the whorls
near the body-whorl often splits into two by an impressed spiral
line which appears in the middle of the cord. The three further
cords which are still present are narrower. The impressed spiral
lines separating the above cords are punctate. The base of the
shell is contracted quite abruptly, giving rise to a bluntly angulate
periphery. |

Pilsbry in describing his specimens states that the height is
more than five times the diameter. In the four examples which
were obtained, it is only four times and a half. The largest
example measures 30 millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

21. Terebra recticostata, Yokoyama.

Terebra recticostata. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p, 32, pl. I. fig. 11.

A single specimen, 23 millim. in height and 5.5 millim. in
diameter. The ribs are not so sharp and strong as in the speci-
mens found in the Lower Musashino.

Fossil oceurrence.—Shisui, Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

22. Terebra chibana, Yokoyama.

Pl.I. Fig. 20.

Shell subulate. Whorls about fifteen, shghtly concave on the
upper third and a trifle convex on the lower two-thirds, longitudi-
nally plicate and spirally striated. Plicee often weak and indistinct,
about twelve on the penultimate whorl and somewhat curved with
the concave side towards front. Spiral striae about six in number,
with the uppermost at a little distance from the suture and
provided with a small tubercle at the point of intersection with the
plicae and separated from others by a wide smooth space occupying
the concave portion of the whorls. Of the remaining five striae,
the third is the most conspicuous, being found on the most convex

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 33

portion of the whorls ; the lowest.one is-close to the suture. These
striae are often very indistinct on the upper whorls. Periphery
rounded. JBase rather abruptly narrowed below, usually with
two spiral striae on its surface. Aperture subrhombic. Canal
short, bent a little backward. Height 24 millim. Diameter 5.5
millim. Length of aperture 5.5 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (numerous) and Otake.

23. Terebra smithi Yokoyama.

PILI. Fig. 21.

Shell subulate. Whorls about seventeen, flattish, longitudinally
costulate and spirally striate. Costulae about twenty on the penul-
timate whorl, more or less roof-shaped, interrupted by a shallow
spiral groove running a little above the middle of the whorls, the
part above the groove being somewhat in advance of the part below
the same. The groove is more or less indistinct on the upper
whorls. The interspaces between the costulae are furnished with
very fine spiral striations, some of which on the lower whorls may
grow into coarser ones. These coarser ones in crossing the costulae |
make them tubercular. On the penultimate whorl there are two
such coarser threads above the groove and three below it, while on
the body-whorl there are four between the groove and the
periphery, and about as many on the base. Periphery rounded.
Aperture subrhombic. Outer lip thin and sharp. Canal very
short, somewhat recurved. Height 36 millim. Diameter 8 millim.

Only a single specimen. This species is still living in our
seas, attaining a height of 80 millim. It is brown-coloured when .
fresh.

I doubt if this is not the shell called Terebra granulosa by
Smith in the Annals and Magazines of Natural History of 1873
(p. 268), a name afterwards changed by the author himself into
Terebra pustulosa (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 186). Unfor-
tunately the shell has never been figured.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living. —Central Japan.

34 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

24. Terebra quadriarata, Yokoyama.
Pl. I. Fig. 22.

Shell subulate, tolerably solid. Whorls many (more than
thirteen), nearly flat, ornamented with four impressed spiral lines.
The uppermost line is found at some distance from the upper
suture, equalling about one-third of a whorl, while the second
is nearly in its middle. The two remaining ones are on the lower
half of the whorls, the distance between the second and the third
being generally greater than that between the third and the fourth.
Periphery rounded. Base abruptly narrowed. Canal short and
recurved. The apex as well as the outer lip is broken. The shell,
if perfect, would measure about 30 millim. in height. The dia-
meter is 6.5 millim.

Fossil.—Shito (rare).

25. Terebra latisulcata, Yokoyama.
Pl. I. Fig. 23. e

Shell subulate. Whorls about thirteen, with a subsutural row
of weak distant tubercles numbering about twelve on the penulti-
mate whorl. Below this row of tubercles there is a broad shallow
groove with a deeply impressed line at its bottom which, however,
may be either indistinct or wholly obsolete. Below the groove the
surface is somewhat convex and longitudinally weakly plicate, the
number of plicae being generally equal to that of the tubercles above
the groove. Each of these plicae begins at the top with the
tubercle just mentioned, is flatly roof-shaped, often so flat as to
become indistinct or even obsolete. Periphery rounded. Base
abruptly narrowed, with faint indications of longitudinal plicae
only. Sutures deep. Aperture subrhombie. Canal short, bent
somewhat backward. Height 30 millim. Diameter 6 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 35

26. Terebra suavidica, Yokoyama.
Pl. L. Fig. 24,

Shell turrete. Whorls about eleven, the first two smooth and
rounded, the following slightly convex and longitudinally weakly
plicate on the upper whorls, the plicae generally disappearing on
the lower ones. Usually there is a somewhat depressed spiral area
in the upper part of the whorls dividing the plicae into two very
unequal parts, of which the upper often looks like an elongated
tubercle (found just below the suture). Periphery rounded. Base
rather abruptly narrowed, convex, generally only with coarse
flexuous lines of growth. Inner lip broadly angulate, making the
aperture look four-sided. Canal very short, somewhat recurved.
Height 22 millim. Diameter 6 millim.

This shell resemblés the preceding in sculpture, but is not so
subulate in shape.

Fossil occurrence.-—Shito (frequent).

27. Terebra tsuboiana, Yokoyama.
Pl. XIII. Fig. 12, 13.

Shell subulate, large. Whorls about sixteen, the upper two-
fifths flat, the lower three-fifths slightly convex, longitudinally
plicate and spirally threaded. Plicae generally weak, numerous,
equal or unequal, sometimes indistinct, oblique on the flat portion
of the whorls, nearly vertical below, varying in number (up to
thirty on the body-whorl). Spiral threads more or less unequal,
often fine and indistinct, also varying in number; but there is
invariably a coarse one at the boundary between the flat and con-
vex portions of the whorls. Above this thread there are two, the
one just below the suture and the other midway between it and the
boundary one. The latter is somewhat elevated, the surface above
as well as below it appearing a trifle excavated. Below the boun-
dary-thread, there are several finer ones which may be close and
many, or distant and few. The intersection-points between the

36 Art. 1—M. Yokoyoma :
threads and plicae are always more or less tuberculous. The body-
whorl has the periphery rounded, and the base quickly narrowed
and covered with several spiral tubercular threads down to near the
caudal end where there is a sharp spiral ridge bounded behind by
a broad groove. Aperture elongated, angulate behind and widened
in front. Canal very short, recurved. The largest of the three
specimens obtained measures 62.5 millim. in height and 13.5 mil-
lim. in diameter.

This species is still living, the specimens obtained near
Kamakura attaining a somewhat larger size than the fossil.
Contrary to the great inconstaney of the surface-sculpture, the
shape seems to be tolerably fixed. The colour is dusky brown.
Fossil occurrence.—Kioroshi, Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

Genus PARVITEREBRA, Pilsbry.
28. Parviterebra raritans, Yokoyama.
Pl. I. Fig. 25.

Shell small, solid, lanceolate. Whorls about seven, the first
two smooth and rounded, the remaining very little convex and
longitudinally weakly plicate. Plicae nearly straight, numerous
about twenty on the penultimate whorl, indistinct or obsolete on
the body-whorl. There are also impressed spiral lines numbering
a little over ten on the penultimate whorl. Body-whorl very large
higher than the spire and with the spiral lines down to the caudal
end. Aperture elongated, acuminate behind and truncate in
front. Inner lip covered with a callus. Outer lip rather sharp.
Height 8 millim. Diameter 2.2 millim. Height of body-whorl
4 millim. Length of aperture 2.3 millim.

Parviterebra paucwwolvis Pilsbry (New Jap. Mar.. Moll., Gastr.,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Jan., 1904, p. 5, pl. I, fig. 4) from
Southern Kyushu is somewhat like the present species. But in
the former the shell as well as the aperture is longer and the callus
of the inner lip absent.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rare).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 37

Family Pleurotomide.
Genus PLEUROTOMA, Lamarck.

29. Pleurotoma vertebrata, Smith.
Pl. I. Fig. 26.

Pleurotoma vertebrata. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1875. p. 416. Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1879, p. 186, pl. XIX, fig. 6a. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 15. Tokunaga,
Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 13, pl. I, fig. 22. Chemnitz and Martini, Conch. Cab., IV, pt.
3, p. 31.

The shell is quite characteristic by its fusiform shape and
angulate whorls, the angle being a little below their middle. The
sculpture consists only of spiral threads large and small, the large
ones being one at the angle, one above the suture and one below
it. The sinus is somewhat distant from the suture, deep, very
wide at mouth, and much narrowed and rounded at bottom. The
largest specimen obtained is 32 millim. high and 10 millim. broad.
Tryon unites this species with Pleurotoma violacea Hinds (Man.
Conch., vol. VI, p. 169) of the South Sea.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kamenari and Shito.
Rather rare at all the above localities, though frequent at Oji in
Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Genus GENOTIA, H. and A. Adams.

30. Genotia pseudopannus, Yokoyama.

Pl. I. Figs. 27, 28?

Shell moderately thick, subfusiform. Whorls seven and a half,
the first two and a half smooth and rounded, the remaining some-
what shouldered, the surface above the shoulder steeply sloping
and slightly excavated, below vertical and a little convex. The
sculpture consists of longitudinal plice and spiral grooves. The
plicae are obtuse and broad, wider than the interspaces and about
twenty on the penultimate whorl, while on the body-whorl they
are almost obsolete. As to the’ spiral grooves, there are two of

38 Art.—M. Yokoyama :

them below the shoulder, one of which is close to it and the other
near the lower suture. Besides the grooves, there are also very
fine impressed spiral lines on other parts of the whorls. Body-
whorl somewhat higher than the spire, convex (the shoulder indis-
tinet) and furnished with more than ten grouves below the two
above mentioned, their breadth gradually growing as they get
downward. Aperture longly oval, pointed behind. Inner lip
with a thin callus, distinctly bounded toward outside and with a
faint indication of an oblique foid. Outer lip thin, with a wide
and shallow notch at a little distance from the suture. Height 17
millim. Diameter 6 millim.

This shell is not unlike the one described as Oligotoma pannus
(Basterot) (Harmer, Plioc. Moll. Grt. Brit., II, Pal. Soe., vol. LX-
VIII, p. 215, pl. XX VII, figs. 8-11) from the English Crag and
also from the French and Italian Miocene, but the whorls in the
Jatter are nearly flat, with a cclumellar fold on the inner lip.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (only a single specimen). There is
a specimen (fig. 28) from Semata, Shito showing a similar sculp-_
ture, but more slender in form. It may possibly be only a variety
to which I intend to give the name of var. sematensis, if it should
prove hereafter to be such.

31. Genotia ogurana, Yokoyama.

Pl. L. Fig. 29.

Shell moderately thick, fusiform. Whorls about seven and a
half, the first two embryonal, smooth and rounded, the remaining
somewhat concave on the upper half and slightly convex on
the lower, and ornamented with longitudinal as well as with
spiral sculptures. The longitudinal sculpture consists of plicae
bent in the middle with the concave side toward the front; these
plicae are about twenty-seven in number on the penultimate whorl,
broad and obtuse, not quite equidistant and more or less unequal,
though generally wider than the interspaces, and on the last two
whorls interrupted by a concave surface below the suture. The
spiral sculpture is divisible into striae and sulci., the former being

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimoga. 39

on the upper half of the whorls and the latter on their lower half.
_ The striae are many, fine and _ close, while the sulci are generally
very narrow and line-like, number three as a rule and are rather
distant. Body-whorl about twice as long as spire. Periphery
rounded. Base gradually tapering toward its caudal end. The
plicae on the body-whorl become evanescent on the base, while the
spiral sulci are many, cover the whole surface and are broadest near
the middle of the base where they are wider than the interspaces.
Sutures subchannelled. Aperture elongated, angular behind.
Inner lip with a thin callus. Outer lip sharp, receding both above
and below with the sinus shallow and wide, and distant from the
suture. Canal short, straight. Height 15 millim. Diameter 6
millim.

A single specimen.

This shell looks very much like the preceding, but on a closer
examination, there are many minor distinctions, especially in the
sculpture.

Fossil ocenrrence.—Otake.

Genus DRILLIA, Gray.
32. Drillia principalis, Pilsbry.

Drillia principalis. Pilsbry, Catalogue p. 17, pl. II, figs. 9, 10.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) principalis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 14, pl. I, fig. 13.
Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 36, pl. I. fig. 20.

This species has already been described by Tokunaga and
myself in the works above quoted, the fuller description,
however, being found in Pilsbry’s catalogue also above men-
tioned. It is not found at many places, but where found, it is
rather frequent.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake and Tega. Also Oji and Shinagawa
in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Koshiba and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

40 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

33. Drillia subauriformis, Smith.
Pl, I. Fig. 30.

Drillia subauriformis. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 18. Tryon, Man. Conch., VI, p. 207, pl. 12, fig.
35. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 24, pl. IV, figs. 5-7. Smith, Pree. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, 1879, p. 195, pl. XIX, fig. 23.
Pleurotoma (Drillia) subauriformis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 14, pl. L, fig. 24.

This is a pretty little shell with about ten convex whorls,
longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate. The ribs are about
eighteen on the penultimate whorl, although sometimes less. The
spiral striae are six on the penultimate and one less on a whorl
preceding it. The outer lip is thickened by the last rib. Height
12 millim. Diameter 3.6 millim. Rare.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake and JKamenari. Also Oji- in
Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

34. Drillia glabriuscula, Yokoyama.
Pl. L. Figs. 31, 32.

Shell small, turrete. Whorls about nine, the first smooth
and mammillated, the second also smooth and rounded, the
remaining a little concave just below the sutures and somewhat
convex on the lower portion. The sculpture is made up of longi-
tudinal costulae and spiral striae. The costulae are generally
present only on the upper whorls, about twelve on the whorl pre-
ceding the penultimate, broad, low, rounded, oblique and wider
than the intervals. The spiral striae are about four in number,
equally distributed and often indistinct. Now and then there is
an interstitial stria. Periphery rounded. Base gradually tapering
downward, covered with spiral threads. Aperture elongated,
narrow, with a short straight canal. Outer lip thin, with a deep
and rather wide sinus just below the suture. Inner lip with a thin
callus.

The sculpture is often indistinct, and there are even specimens
in which the lower whorls are entirely devoid of it. Sometimes
the base narrows rather abruptly downward.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 4]

Frequent. The largest specimen measures 18 millim. in
height and 4.8 millim. in diameter.

Besides the typical form just described, there is a shorter one
(fig. 32) with a less number of whorls and the canal usually some-
what wider. I consider this merely as a variety, for which I
propose the name of brevis.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Genus MANGILIA, Risso.
35. Mangilia deshayesii, Dunker.

Mangjilia deshayesii. Dunker, Moll. Japon., p. 3, pl. I, fig. 8. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p.
19. Tryon, Man. Conch., VI, p. 256, pl. XXII, fig. 71.
Pleurotoma (Mangilia) deshayesti. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 41, pl. I, fig. 24.
A few specimens. The description of the shell is given in my
work above referred to.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake and Tega. Oji (frequent). Lower
Musashino of Koshiba. ;
Living.—Central.and Western Japan.

36. *Mangilia ojiensis, (Tokunaga).
P). IL Fig. 38,

Pleurotoma ojiensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 15, pl. I, fig. 28.

Shell smail, rather solid. Whorls seven of which five are
post-nuclear, convex, somewhat angulate a little above the middle,
with the surface above the angle steeply sloping. The sculpture
consists of longitudinal ribs and spiral striae. The ribs are about:

fifteen on the penultimate whorl, perpendicular to the suture above
the angle, somewhat oblique below with the upper end directed
somewhat forward, obtuse, much narrower than the interspaces.
Spiral striae fine, numerous, more or less unequal, often indistinct.
On the body-whorl the longitudinal ribs vanish toward the base,
while the spiral striae are quite distinct. Periphery rounded.
Aperture fusiform, pointed behind, truncatein front, with a very
short straight canal. Outer lip varicose without. Sinus very

49, Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

—

shallow, obtuse-angled at bottom. Height 10 millim. Diameter
5.5 millim.

In general, the shoulder-angle is most conspicuous in the
specimens with sharp sculptures, while in those with fainter ones
it is more or less rounded. A few specimens found at Shito show
the latter character.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito. Oji (numerous).

37. Mangilia fukuchiana, Yokoyama.

Pl. I. Fig. 34.

Shell small, tolerably solid, subfusiform. Whorls about eight,
the first two smooth and rounded, the remaining obtusely suban-
gulate a little below the middle with the surface above the angle
flat and obliquely sloping, below nearly vertical. The sculpture
consists of longitudinal ribs and spiral striae. Ribs about eight in
number, rounded, oblique, somewhat curved with the concave side
towards the front, separated by intervals of a nearly equal breadth.
Spiral striae fine, numerous, close together, rather indistinct (seen
only with a lens). Body-whorl somewhat longer than spire,
rounded, rather gradually tapering anteriorly, with the ribs evanes-
cent on the base. Aperture ovate, posteriorly acute, anteriorly
truncate, with a broad, hardly developed canal. Inner lip varicose
without. Lip-sinus moderate in depth. <A single specimen, 65
millim. in height and 4 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

38. Mangilia (Cythara) rugosolabiata, Yokoyama.
Pl, I, Fig. 35.

Shell small, rather solid, fusiform. Whorls eight and a half,
the first two and a half smooth and rounded, the remaining bluntly
angulate a little below the middle, with the surface above the angle
slightly concave and steeply sloping, below flat and nearly vertical.
Longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate. Ribs eight on the

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 43

penultimate whorl, coarse, blunt, somewhat curved above the angle,
straight and vertical below, separated by much wider interspaces,
sometimes indistinct or obsolete on the body-whorl. Spiral striae
very fine, only visible with a lens by a good reflection of light.
Body-whorl longer than spire. Periphery rounded. Base gradu-
ally tapering towards the front and usually with the whorl-ribs con-
tinuing into it. Aperture elongated, acute behind. Canal short,
straight. Inner lip with a reflexed callus on which there are seven
to nine unequal, distant, transverse striae or ridges which are most
distinct on the lower half of the lip. Outer lip varicose without,
transversely dentate within. Lip-sinus rather shallow, cut into the
concave surface above the angle and a little below the suture.
Height 12 milliim. Diameter 3.5 millim. Rather rare.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

39. Mangilia (Cythara) oyuana, Yokoyama.
Pl. L Fig. 36.

Shell small, subfusiform. Whorls eight, the first two smooth
and rounded ; of the remaining ones, the younger are subangulate,
while the older are convex. The sculpture consists of longitudinal
ribs and spiral striae. Ribs eleven on the penultimate whorl, strong,
somewhat oblique and curved, obtuse, a little narrower than inter-
spaces. Spiral striae three, the uppermost in the middle of the
whorls, the lowest close to the suture and indistinct on the whorls
preceding the penultimate. Besides these striae there are also
many very fine spiral lines on the upper half of the whorls, only
visible with a strong lens. Body-whorl a little longer than spire,
with periphery rounded and furnished with more than ten spiral
striae. The ribs on the base are nearly vertical. Aperture
elongated with a short straight canal. Inner lip with a callus on
which there are three teeth, the one which is blunt near the post-
erior end and the other two (the upper coarse and the lower not so
conspicuous) in the middle part. Outer lip thickened, varicose
without and with a few coarse teeth within. Lip-sinus moderately

44 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

deep, rounded and wide-mouthed. Height 8.5 millim. Diameter

3 millim.
Fossil occurrence.—A single specimen from Shisui.

Genus BELA (Leach), Gray.

40. Bela rugulata, Troschel, var. schneideri, Harmer.
Pl. L Fig. 37.
Bela rugulata var. schneideri, Harmer, Plioc. Moll. Grt. Brit., part Il, p. 284, pl.
XXXL, figs. 15, 16. Palaeontogr. Soc. LX VIII.

The shell is rather small, ovato-fusiform in shape, with the
spire about half as long as the body-whorl. The whorls number
between six and seven and are angulate a little above the middle,
the surface above the angle forming a sloping shelf. The sculpture
consists of longitudinal ribs and spiral threads, the former being
about sixteen on the body-whorl, somewhat narrower than the in-
terspaces and nodulous at the angle. The spiral threads number
five, one at, and four below, the angle and slightly tuberculous at
their points of intersection with the ribs. Above the angle there
are several fine spiral striae. On the body-whorl the spiral threads
increase in number to about twenty, are rather unequal and often
at unequal distances. Aperture longly obovate. Height 9 millim.
Diameter 4 millim.

The two specimens which were obtained are most like the
above species of the English Crag with which I do not hesitate to
unite them.

The typical form of Bela rugulata Tr. is now living in the
boreal seas.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake.

Fossil occurrence in foreign countries. —Coralline Crag, Wal-
tonian, Newbournian, Butleyan and Icenian of England.

41. Bela recticostulata, Yokoyama.
PL. I. Fig. 38:
Shell fusiform. Whorls convex, longitudinally ribbed and
spirally striate. Ribs about seventeen on the penultimate whorl,

Fossils from the Upper Musashino ct nazusa and Shimosa. 45

flatly rounded, wider than interspaces, somewhat oblique, nearly
straight, curving slightly toward the front at the upper end. Spiral
striae about twelve on the penultimate whorl, alternately large and
small. Body-whorl higher than spire with ribs gradually weaken-
ing on its base, while spiral striae are numerous and conspicuous
down to the caudal end. Aperture rhomboidal, pointed behind.
Inner lip with a thin callus. Outer lip thin. Sinus shallow,
rounded, close to suture. Canal short, wide, a little bent.

In the single specimen obtained, the apex and the lips are
broken. The diameter is about 6 millim. The height, if the shell
is perfect, would be about 16 millim.

This shell is closely related to Bela pyramidalis Stroem (Mart.
u. Chemn., Syst. Conch. Cab., IV, part 3, p. 159, pl. 32, fig. 14)
ef Polar Seas in which, however, the ribs are sigmoidal.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Family Cancellariide.
Genus CANCELLARIA, Lamarck.
42. Cancellaria spengleriana, Deshayes.
Cancellaria spengleriana. Sowerby, Thes. Conchi., vol. I, p. 439, pl. 98, fig. 29. Dun-
ker, Ind. Moll., p. 108. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 21. Watson, Challenger Gastropoda,

p. 273. Tokunaga, Foss Env. Tokyo, p. 11, pl. I, fig. 15. Yokoyama, Foss.
Miura Penin., p. 44, pl. II, figs. 2, 3.

Although not always in great numbers, this shell is found at
several localities.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Tega, Kioroshi, Kamenari, Narita,
Shito. Shinagawa and Oji in Musashi. Lower Musashino of
Yokosuka.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines. Aus-
tralia.

43. Cancellaria nodulifera, Sowerby.
PLL Pie

Cancellaria nodulifera. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., II, p. 440, pl. 94, fig. 57. Lischke,.
Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 55. Dunker, Ind. Moll. p. 103, pl. VI, figs. 24, 25. Pilsbry,.
Cat., p. 22. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 16.

46 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

This species is distinguished from the foregoing by its shorter
and more ventricose form and also by broadly channelled sutures.
The three folds of the columella-lip mentioned by Sowerby are
more or less indistinct in our fossils, the two lower ones being
somewhat distant from the uppermost. The shoulder-tubercles
are more or less spiny in the fossil specimens as may be seen in
our figure and also in that of Tokunaga.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Kamenari, Tega, Shito. Oji in
Musashi. Rare at all the above places.

Living. —Central and Western Japan.

44. Cancellaria asperella, Lamarck, var. reeviana, Crosse.

Pl. Il. Fig. 2.

Cancellaria asperella var. reeviana. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 22.

Caneellaria reeviana. Dunker, Index Moll, p. 104. Lisclike, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p.
56. Mart. u. Chemn., Syst. Conch. Cab., IV, part 3, p. 12, pl. I, figs. 7-9. Crosse,
Jour. de Conch., IX, p. 287.

Cancellaria elegans. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., II, p. 446, pl. 93, fig. 36, pl. 96, fig. 104.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., X, pl. III, fig. 12. (Not C. elegans Desh.).

This is a very variable species. In some specimens the shell is
thick, while in others it is rather thin. The whorls are somewhat
angulate a little above the middle and not convex throughout as
shown in the figures given in the “‘ Systematischen Conchylien-
Cabinet.’’ But the general appearance is alike. The ribs number
sixteen or seventeen on the penultimate whorl. The spiral threads
number about four above the angle and five below it. The inter-
section-points of ribs and threads are more or less tuberculous.
Columella folds three, strong and oblique. On some specimens
there isa thin callus. The outer lip is either dentate or smooth
within.

The specimens are all young, the largest measuring 19 millim.
in height and 10 millim. in diameter. Rare.

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake, Tega and Shito.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 47

Family Olivide.
Genus OLIVELLA, Swainson.

45. Olivella fortunei, (A. Adams).
Pl ieee.

Olivella fortunet. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 28, pl. II, fig. 11. Tryon, Man. Conch., V. p. 69, pl.
XVI, figs. 12-15.

Oliva fortunet. Marrat in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., IV, p. 36, pl. XXIII (Oliva), figs.
422, 425.

Olivella consobrina, Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 10, pl. IL. fig. 18. Brauns, Geol.
Eny. Tokio, p. 29. (Not 0. consobrina Lke.).

This species has been taken by Tokunaga and Brauns for
Olivella consobrina Lischke which is identical with O. fulgurata
Adams and Reeve, and possibly also with O. fabula Marrat. Com-
pared with O. consobrina, O. fortunei grows larger and is broader in
form. A fine figure of a recent shell is given by Pilsbry in his
Catalogue above referred to. Of the three oblique columella-folds
present, the uppermost is usually indistinct, while the middle is
broad and mostly obliquely striated.

Very frequent. The largest specimen measures 19 millim. in
height and 8 millim. in diameter, while the smaller ones are
generally a little more slender.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Tega, Kamenari, Kioroshi,
Shito. Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan. China.

46. Olivella spretoides, Yokoyama.

Pl. Il. Fig. 4

Shell small, longly oval, shining. Whorls about four and a
half, the first one and a half embryonal and rounded, the succeed-
ing sloping, only a little convex, smooth. Body-whorl very
large, broadly rounded, somewhat tapering below toward the
caudal end, the greatest diameter being nearly in the middle of
the shell. Sutures channelled, the channel-end being distinctly
impressed on the body-whorl as a_ broad, shallow, transverse

45 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

depression above the posterior end of the aperture which is
elongated and angular behind. Columella-lip covered with a thin
translucent glaze whose lower end is furnished with an oblique
bifid fold. Outer lip thin, the margin being nearly straight.
Height 5.5 millim. Diameter 2.5 millim.

This shell which is rather frequent is very much like the one
taken by Smith (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 216, pl. XX, fig.
55) for Olivella spreta Gould (never figured); but our fossil has the
body-whorl more curved and a little more tapering downward.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Genus ANCILLA, Lamarck.
47. Aneilla hinomotoensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. IL. Fig. 5.

Shell solid, subfusiform. Spire obtuse, entirely covered with
spirally indistinctly striated callus which on the lateral side (right
from the aperture) of the shell overlaps each other with the left end
above. The sutural portion of the body-whorl is also concealed by
the callus, while its exposed portion is covered with coarse lines of
growth as well as with fine, rather indistinct, spiral ones. Spiral
sulcus broad. Basal area with 2 spiral ridge in the middle, dividing
it into two nearly equal parts. Aperture fusiform, pointed behind,
truncate in front. Inner lip covered with a portion of the callus
extending from above and with the caudal end obliquely grooved;
grooves four or five in number. Outer lip thin, its upper portion
being also covered with the callus. Height 33 millim. Diameter
9millim. Length of aperture about 20 millim.

This fossil is not unlike Ancilla montrouzieri Souv. (Syst-
Conch. Cab., V, Ancillaria, p. 17, pl. V, figs. 5, 6) from the South
Sea. But in the former the callus on the apertural side of the shell
extends more downward, and the acute embryonal end found in
the latter is absent.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (frequent).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 49

Family Marginellide.
Genus MARGINELLA, Lamarck.
48. Marginella cotamago, Yokoyama.

Pl. Il. Fig. 6.

Shell minute, rather solid, ovoid, the greatest diameter being
a little above the middle of the shell, smooth. Spire concealed.
Apex rather rounded. Aperture as long as the shell, narrow.
Inner lip with four plaits of which the lowest is the strongest and
most oblique ; the next upper one is also prominent but more
horizontal, while the two uppermost which are nearly horizon-
tal are thin and often indistinct. Outer lip thickened, receding
both above and below, smooth within. Rare. The largest example
measures 2 millim. in height and 1.5 millim. in diameter.

This shell looks like Marginella minuta Pfr. (Tryon,
Man. Conch., V, pl. XII, figs. 60-63) of the Atlantic which,
however, has the outer lip denticulate within.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

49. Marginella perovulum, Yokoyama.
Pl. II. Fig. 7.

Shell small, ovoid, rather thin. Spire hidden. Apex very
obtusely pointed. Body-whorl smooth, broadest a little above the
middle. Aperture as long as the shell, somewhat dilated in front.
Inner lip with four plaits of which the lowest is the strongest,
while the other three are nearly equal in size and all quite distinct.
Outer lip not thickened, sharp, smooth within. Height 2 millim.
Diameter 1.2 millim.

This shell closely resembles Marginella ovulum Sow. (Thes.
Conch., I, pl. 78, fig. 188) from Australia Asta however, tapers
more Braely downward.

Fossil occurrence.—At Shito, but rather rare.

50 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Family Volutide.
Genus VOLUTA, Linné.
50. Voluta megaspira, Sowerby.

Voluta megaspira, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, p. 208, pl. 48, figs. 31, 32. Dunker, Index
Moll., p. 49. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 167, III, p. 43. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 24.
Yokoyama. Foss. Miura Penin., p. 46, pl. II, fig. 18.

Several large specimens, though all more or less broken.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata,
Kamakura, Kanazawa, Koshiba and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Mitride.
Genus MITRA, Lamarck.

51. Mitra hondana, Yokoyama.

Pl. IL. Fig. 8.

Shell small, thick, fusiform. Whorls six, the first two
smooth and rounded, the remaining convex, with a slightly
excavated area at some distance from the upper suture, longitu-
dinally weakly plicate. Plice very obtuse; vertical, separated by
interspaces of a narrower breadth, about twenty on the penultimate
whorl and indistinct or obsolete on the ultimate one which is very
large and twice as high as the spire. Sutures margined below by a
weak spiral cord which is, however, often indistinct. Aperture
longly fusiform. Columella-plaits four, somewhat oblique, the two
upper ones nearly equal in size, the third more oblique and smaller,
the fourth the smallest and most oblique. Outer lip thin, simple,
smooth within. Canal short, straight. Height 10 millim.
Diameter 4.2 millim.

This species resembles Mitra albina Adams (Tryon, Man.
Conch., IV, p. 129, pl. 37, fig. 97) from Luzon which, however, is
larger, with the aperture more parallel-sided. Also Mitra lachryma
Reeve (Man. Conch., loc. cit., pl. 37, ffg. 93) seems to be an allied
form.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 5L

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

52. Mitra pirula, Yokoyama.
Pl. Il. Fig. 9.

Shell small, thick, shortly fusiform. Whorls about four and
a half, the first one and a half smooth and rounded rendering the
apex blunt and mammillated, the remaining indistinctly shoulder-
ed with the surface above the shoulder slightly excavated, longitu-
‘dinally plicate. Plicee coarse, more or less unequal, indistinct or
obsolete on the body-whorl which is very large and about three
times as high as the spire. Periphery rounded. Base rather
abruptly tapering downward into a short straight canal. Aperture
-subsemilunar. Columella-folds four, somewhat oblique, the upper
three nearly equal in size and more or less parallel, the lowest
smaller and more oblique. Outer lip thin and simple, broadly
arcuate. Height 4 millim. Diameter 25 millim.

A single specimen. It looks somewhat like the preceding
species, but is shorter and more inflated.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Family Fasciolariide.
Genus FUSUS, Lamarck.

53. Fusus perpleaus, A, Adams.

Fusus perplecus. A. Adams, Journ, Linn. Soc., 1864, VII, p. 106. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 26. Tryon, Man. Conch., ITI, p. 54, pl. 33, figs. 102-107. Tokunaga, Foss. Env.
Tokyo, p. 6, pl. I, fig. 6. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 50, pl. I, fig. 17.

Fusus inconstans. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 34, pl. II, figs. 1-6, IT, p. 26, pl.
III, figs. 1-5. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 55.

Although not numerous, there are several fine specimens of
this shell so common among the living ones hitherto collected in
‘Central Japan.

Fossil occurrence. — Otake, Tega, Shisui, Shito. Lower
Musashino of Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

52 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

54. Fusus coreanicus, Smith.

Pl. Il. Fig. 10.

Fusus coreanicus. Smith, ‘Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 204, pl. XX, fig. 36,

Pilsbry, Catalogue p. 27.
Ptychatractus coreanicus. Tryon, Man. Conch., III, p. 72, pl. 40, fig. 186.

The three specimens which were collected all lack the apex.
The shell is fusiform with whorls convex in general, but flat or
slightly concave just below the sutures. The sculpture consists of
longitudinal ribs and spiral threads. Longitudinal ribs coarse,
rounded, slightly oblique, wider than interspaces, about twenty on
the penultimate whorls, generally indistinct on the body-whorl
and quite obsolete on its base; spiral threads many, close, unequal,
every third usually larger. Aperture oval. Canal short, bent
sideward as well as a little backward. Inner lip covered with a
smooth callus and devoid of plaits. Outer lip thin, crenulate at
margin, with distant transverse striae within corresponding in
position to larger threads without.

Smith seems to have had a young shell. -He gives the height
as 22 millim, and the diameter as 8 millim. Among our specimens
there is one with the height about 30 millim. and the diameter 12
to 18 millim.

Tryon in his Manual of Conchology brings this shell under the
genus Ptychatractus.. But as it has no columella-plaits, I deem it
more proper to let it remain under Fusus.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Shito. Rather rare at all
places.

Living.—Western Japan.

55. Fusus niponicus, Smith.

Pl. IL Fig. 11.

Fusus niponicus. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 208, pl. XX, fig. 12.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., IV, Fusus, p. 79, pl. 411 (7), fig. 70. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 26. Tryon, Man. Conch., III, p. 65, pl. 39, fig. 169. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 49, pl. Il, fig. 7.

Fusus suboblitus. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Gastr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad.,
1904, p. 18, pl. I, fig. 5.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 53

This species already described from the Lower Musashino is
represented by better preserved specimens some of which are larger
than that figured by Smith.

The fossil is up to 33 millim. in height and 11 millim. in
diameter, moderate in thickness, and quite fusiform. The whorls
number about seven and a half, of which the first one and a half are
embryonal, smooth and mammillary, the remaining sloping above
and convex below, somewhat contracted at the lower suture, longi-
tudinally plicate and spirally striate. The plicae are obtuse, broad,
wider than intervals and rather indistinct on the last part of the
body-whorl. The number is variable, but in a specimen of 30
millim. in height it is between twelve and fifteen. The spiral striae
are equal, there being generally three coarse ones on the convex
part of the whorl which on crossing the plicae elevate themselves
into transversely elongated tubercles, a character most distinct in
adult specimens. The finer striae which cover the sloping shelf
and the interspaces between the coarser ones are often unequal,
especially on the body-whorl which is provided with more than ten
tuberculated striae, the tubercles becoming indistinct and finally
obsolete toward the caudal end of the base. The aperture is ovate
with the inner lip covered with a thin glaze. Outer lip thin,
crenate at margin. Canal long, somewhat oblique.

Fusus suboblitus Pilsbry is undoubtedly a species founded on a
specimen of Fusus niponicus more grown (the height is given as
36.5 millim.) than the present fossil.

Not rare.

Fossil oeccurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata and
Koshiba.

Living.—Central Japan (Smith gives the locality as south of
Honshu at 52 fathoms). ;

Family Buccinide.
Genus CHRYSODOMUS, Swainson.
56. Chrysodomus arthriticus, (Valenciennes) Bernardi.
Pl. IL. Fig. 12,

Chrysodomus arthriticus. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 28.
Neptunea arthritica. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 14. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 37.

Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 28, pl. II, fig. 1.

54 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

Fusus arthriticus. Valenciennes, Comptes Rendues, tome 46, p. 761. Bernardi, Jour.
Conch., 1857, p. 386, pl. XII, fig. 3.

Tritonium arthriticum. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl, u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 421.

Neptunea despecta. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 7.

This is a very variable shell. But the greater part of the
fossils belongs to a form with keeled and nodulous shoulders,
although occasionally those with rounded ones are met with. The
longitudinal ribs may be distinct or not.

If this is really identical with Chrysodomus (Neptunea) despectus
Linné as mentioned in Tryon’s Manual of Conchology (vol. III, p.
116), then its distribution becomes circumpolar.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Tega, Kioroshi, Shisui, Kamenari,
Shito. Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi. More or less frequent in
all the localities.

Living. — Northern Japan (from Rikuzen northward).
Northern Sakhalin. Strait of Mamiya (Tartary).

57. Chrysodomus schrencki, Yokoyama.
Pl, Il. Fig. 13.

Chrysodomus schrencki. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin, p. 51, pl. III, fig. 1.

A few bad fragments.

This species is very closely akin to C. pericochlion Schrenck of
Northern Japan and probably a mere variation of the latter.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Northern Japan (according to Prof. Yabe).

Genus SIPHO, Klein.
5S. Sipho obesiformis, Yokoyama.
Stpho obesiformis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 52, pl. II, fig. 13.

This species which I founded on a few specimens from the
Lower Musashino is rather frequent in the Upper. All
the examples which I have show the longitudinal plicae only
on the uppermost whorls, so that its resemblance to Stpho obesus
Sow. already alluded to in my work above mentioned becomes

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 55
stronger. But the Japanese species does not grow to such a great
size as the European (Tryon figures a specimen 60 millim. in
height, while the Japanese hardly attains 15 millim. in height)
and its canal is shorter.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito, Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of
Naganuma.

59. Sipho (Parasipho) nipponicus, Yokoyama.

Pl. Il. Fig. 14.

An imperfect specimen probably belonging to a young shell.
But it exactly coincides in form with the figure of Sipho kroeyeri
Mller described as Parasipho kroeyert by Harmer in his Pliocene
Mollusea of Great Britain (part 1, p. 148, pl. XV, figs. 4, 5.
Palaeontogr. Soc., vol. LVII, 1913), the only difference being
the presence of two spiral threads dividing the surface of the whorls
into three nearly equal parts. These threads are distinctly visible
on the interspaces of the longitudinal plicae, while on the plicae
themselves they are obsolete. The body-whorl is without any
plicae. The fine spiral threads are also present, though only seen
with a lens.

This shell may possibly be a mere variety of the well known
Arctic species above mentioned. But until more specimens are
obtained, it seems to be prudent to treat it as a separate species.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake.

Genus SEPHONALIA, (Swainson).
60. Siphonalia spadicea, (Reeve).

Siphonalia spadicea. A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, XI, p. 203. Smith, Proce.
Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 205, pl. 20, fig. 38. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 16. Yoko-
yama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 53, pl. III, figs. 8-11.

Buceinum spadiceum. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Buecinum Index.

Buccinum fusoides. Reeve, Conch. Icon., spec. 64 (not spec. 9).

Neptunea (Siphonalia) spadicea. Mart. u. Chem., Syst. Conch. Cab., III, pt. 3, p. 130.
pl. 42, fig. 8.

A fine perfect specimen 40 millim. in height, but with the
canal a.little more bent than usual, and several fragments.

56 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :
Fossil oecurrence.—Shito.
Living. —Northern and Central Japan.

61. Siphonalia trochulus, (Reeve).
Pl. IL. Fig. 15-18.
Siphonalia trochulus. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 16. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 30. Tryon,
Man. Conch., III, p. 136, pl. 55, fig. 378. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 54,

pl. III, fig. 14. ;
Buecinum trochulus. Reeve, Conch. Icon., spec. 7.
Neptunea (Siphonalia) trochulus. Kobelt in Mart. u. Chem. Syst. Conch. Cab., III, pt.

3, p. 128, pl. 42, figs. 2, 3.

The great variability of this shell is well shown by numerous
examples, both young and adult, brought from several localities.

A greater part of the examples shows either no longitudinal
plicae or very weak ones only on the body-whorl. But occasion-
ally specimens are met with which possess such, though weak, also
on the penultimate whorl. The canal is generally more or less bent.
The inside of the outer lip is usually smooth, but now and then
transversely ridged, in which case the lip is thicker.

Siphonalia stearnsii, a species founded by Pilsbry (Catalogue,
p. 29. pl. II, figs. 1, 2) on a shell closely resembling the present
one in shape, but having the upper whorls longitudinally plicate
may possibly be one of the many forms of S. trochulus. -

Fossil occurrence. — Otake (frequent), Kamenari, Shisui
(frequent), Tega, Shito (very frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in
Musashi. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Living. —Central Japan.

62. Siphonalia kellettii, (Forbes).
PI. ¥,.g32. 1.
Siphonalia kellettii. Pailsbry, Cat., pp. 80 and 168. Tryon, Man. Conch., III, p. 184, pl.
54, fi, 352. Lischke, Jap. Meeres conchl, I, p. 88, pl. IIL, figs. 3, 4. Carpenter,

Report II, p. 663.
Fusus kellettii. Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 274, pl. IX, figs. 9, 10.

A large specimen 140 millim. in height, though not quite
well preserved. The species is readily recognized by the fusiform

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 57

shape, the long bent canal, and the angulate whorls with coarse
nodules at the angle and many unequal spiral threads. In
the present specimen the nodules are in many places double, that
is to say, a second somewhat smaller nodule is found below the
principal one. Lischke figures a\specimen measuring about 120
millim. in height, while Carpenter mentions one which is 160
millim. high.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central, Western and Southern Japan. California.
Lower California.

Genus VOLUTHARPA, Fischer.
63. Volutharpa perryi, (Jay).
Pl. IL. Fig. 19.

Volutharpa perryi. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 33. Pilsbry, Catalongue, p. 82. Tokunaga,
Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 8, pl. I, flg. 11. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 55, pl.
II, fig. 12.

Bullia perryi. Jay, Report on Shells coll. by Jap. Exped. under Comm. Perry, 1856,
p. 295, pl. V, figs. 13-15.

Tritonium (Volutharpa) perryi. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 347.

Numerous examples, though mostly broken. The whorls
which are generally smooth are occasionally ornamented with
spiral striations, excepting the last one. Moreover, just beneath
the sutures the whorls do not immediately slope but somewhat
bulge, so that the sutures become more or less channelled. The
figured specimen shows such a character.

Fossil occurrence.— Otake, Shisui, Shito. Also Oji. Lower

Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

Genus EBURNA, Lamarck.
64. Eburna japonica, Reeve.
Pl. IL. Fig. 20.

Eburna japonica. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Eburna spec. 3. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., III, p.
70, pl. 215, fig. 11. Schrenck. Mol]. Amurl. u.d. nordjapan. Meeres, p. 440. Lischke,
Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 67, pl. II, p. 58. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 8. Index Moll., p.

Art. 1.—-M. Yokoyama :

34. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 84. Tryon, Man. Conch., III, p. 211, pl. 82, fig. 463. Brauns,
Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 64. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 9.
This shell so common among the living ones near Tokyo
is also not infrequently found as a fossil.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Tega. Oji frequent) and
Shinagawa according to Tokunaga.
Living.—Northern, Central, Western and Southern Japan.

Family Nasside.
Genus NASSA, Lamarck.
65. Nassa (Hima) japonica, A. Adams.

Nassa (Hima) japonica. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 86. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penins., p.
56, ILL. fig. 5.

Nassa japonica. A, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, p. 110. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-
coneh., III, p. 37, pl. IL, figs 20-23. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 29, Tokunaga,
Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 9.

Nassa tenuis. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1875, p. 428, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1679, p. 211.

This species which has been fully described in my work above
cited is very frequent at some localities. It is easily distinguished
from the following species by its finer sculpture, the number of the
longitudinal costae being more than twenty on the body-whorl.

Fossil occurence. ——Otake (abundant), Shisui, Kamenari, Tega,
Shito. Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa (abundant) in Musashi.

Living.—-Cerftral and Western Japan.

66, Nassa (Hima) festiva, Powis.

Nassa (Hima) festiva. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 35. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 57,
pl. IV, fig. 6.
Nassa festiva. Powis, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1835, p, 95, Lischke, Jap. Meeres-
conch., II, p. 58. Dunker, Index Moll. p. 87. Tryon, Man. Conch., IV, p. 46, pl]. 14,
figs. 239-242.
Nassa lirata. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 7, pl. I, fig. 22.
Several examples. The shell which in its sculpture resembles
Nassa fraterculus mentioned below is easily distinguished by its
larger and more inflated form with a shorter spire. The tubercula-

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 59

ted longitudinal plicae number about eleven on the last whorl. The
largest specimen measures about 20 millim. in height and 10 mil-
lim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—-Otake, Tega, Shito. Oji, Shinagawa,
Tabata and Dokwanyama in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata
and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

67. Nassa (Hima) fratereulus, Dunker.

Pl. Il. Fig. 21.

+

Nassa (Hima) fraterculus. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 36.
Nassa fraterculus. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 7, pl. J, fiz. 15. Index Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 37.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 60, II, p. 54, pl. IV, figs. 7, 8.
Tritonium (Nassa) fraterculum. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 435.
A single example. The shell is rather thick and consists of
about seven volutions and a half of which the first one and a half
are embryonal and smooth ; the remaining whorls are convex,
separated by deep sutures, longitudinally ribbed and_ spirally
corded. The ribs are strong, convex, narrower than interspaces,
eleven or twelve on the last whorl. There is also a varix at the
end of the penultimate whorl as well as on the outer lip which is
consequently thickened. The spiral cords are usually four in
number, broad and flat ; of these four cords, the lower three are
quite close together, being separated only by an impressed line be-
tween, while the uppermost is situated midway between the upper
suture and the second cord and is comparatively distant from both.
The impressed lines above mentioned cut the ribs on crossing them,
so that the latter appear tuberculous. Their number on the body-
whorl is about seven. Height 11 millim. Diameter 5 millim.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Columbellide.
Genus COLUMBELLA, Lamarck.
68. Columbella (Atilia) burchardi, (Dunker).

Columbella (Atilia) burchardi. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 59, pl. III, fig. 17-
Columbella (Mitrella) burchardi. Tryon, Man. Conch., V. p. 129, pl. 49, fig. 17.

60 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyana:

Amycla burchardi. Dunker, Ind. Moll. p. 55, pl. IV, figs. 8, 4. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 40.

Many specimens which invariably belong to the form with a
shorter spire like those found in the Lower Musashino. The
longitudinal plicae found on the younger or upper whorls are more
conspicuous than those on the older. The outer lip is more or less
dentate within. The largest specimen obtained measures 17 mil-
lim. in height and 8 millim. in diameter.

Fossil oceurrence.—-Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata and
Yokosuka.

69. Columbella (Atilia) smithi, Yokoyama.

Pl. Il. Fig. 24.

Shell small, subfusiform. Whorls nine, the apical ones
smooth and rounded, the following somewhat convex with the
upper ones more or less longitudinally plicate and the lower ones
smooth. Plicae usually about fourteen, straight, obtuse, as broad
as interspaces, gradually becoming indistinct and obsolete on the
lower whorls, though sometimes more or less visible even on the
penultimate whorl. The whorls having no plicae are smooth
except near the upper suture where a spiral thread margins it.
This thread is also found at the periphery of the body-whorl which
is distinctly angulate. Base suddenly contracted, smooth except
near the caudal portion which is furnished with several oblique
sulci. Aperture subquadrangular, more or less resembling a
rhombic form. Columella lip bent in the middle, with the lower
half vertical. Outer lip thin, smooth within. Canal short, recury-
ed. Height 11 millim. Diameter 4.5 millim. Height of body-
whorl 6.5 millim.

This shell is somewhat like Columéella (Atilia) lisehkei Smith
(Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, p. 207, pl. XX, fig. 41.) which,
however, has the outer lip varicose without and subtubereulate
within.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (numerous), Kantenars, Tega.

Living.—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 61

70. Columbella (Atilia) turriculata, Yokoyama.
Pl. Il. Fig. 22.

Shell turrete. Whorls about ten, the two apicai ones smooth
and rounded, the following flatly convex with the two uppermost
longitudinally weakly plicate and the rest apparently smooth,
though by a good reflection of light fine spiral striae are visible.
Sutures with a raised margin below, so that they look somewhat
channelled. Body-whorl a little shorter than spire. Periphery
subangulate. Base suddenly narrowed into a rostrum which is
obliquely grooved. Aperture rhombic. Outer lip thin, smooth
within. Canal short, well defined, almost straight. A single exam-
ple which measures 14.5 millim. in height and 5 millim. in
diameter.

The species is much like the preceding, but somewhat larger,
though more slender, with the whorls a little more convex and
the periphery not so sharply angulate.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

71. Columbella (Atilia) precursor, Yokoyama.
Pl. Il. Fig. 24.

A few specimens.

The shell is subfusiform with about eight whorls, of which the
apical ones are smooth, the one or two following longitudinally
weakly costate and the remaining smooth, only a little convex and
separated by deep subchannelled sutures. The body-whorl is
somewhat higher than the spire and abruptly narrowed below into
the base whose caudal portion is furnished with more than ten
oblique grooves. Periphery rounded. Aperture four-sided with
the posterior angle acute. Columella-lip bent in the middle, the
upper half obliquely sloping and the lower half vertical.. Outer lip
varicose without, smooth within. Canal short, well defined,
curved a little sideward as well as backward. Height 12 millim.

Diameter 5 millim.
This species is closely akin to Columbella ( Atilia) niveomarginata

62 Art, 1—M. Yokoyama

Smith (Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 208, pl. XX, fig. 42)
which, however, has the outer lip tubereulated within and the
eanal broader.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito, Tega, Otake. Also Tabata and
Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Western Japan.

72. Columbella (Atilia) masakadoi, Yokoyama.
Pl. IL. Fig. 23.

Shell small, shortly fusiform. Whorls about eight with apex
pointed, only slightly convex, smooth excepting the uppermost
ones which are more or less longitudinally plicate. Sutures deep
with the raised margin. Body-whorl about twice as high as spire,
suddenly narrowed below into the base. Periphery rounded.
Caudal portion of the base with several oblique furrows. Aperture
rhomboidal with columella-lip bent in the middle. Outer lip thin,
smooth within, or as is rarely the case, somewhat thickened and
‘ssubtuberculate within. Canal short, a little bent. Height 10
millim. Diamer 4.5 millim. Several specimens.

The longitudinal plicae of the upper whorls are more or less
distinct, if the specimens are not too much worn. In one young
example, they are distinct even on the penultimate whorl.

Oolumbulla (Mitrella) aurantiaca Dall (Tryon, Man. Conch., V,
pl. 50, fig. 39) of California is nearly like the present shell in form.
But it is devoid of the longitudinal plicae as well as of the caudal
furrows.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega, Shito. Oj1 and Dokwanya-
ma in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan.

73. Columlulla (Mitrella) dunkeri, Tryon.
Pl. IL. Fig. 26.

Columbella (Mitrella) dunkerit. Tryon, Man. Conch., V, p. 129, pl. 49, fig. 15. Yoko-
yama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 59, pl. III, fig. 15.
Amycla varians. Dunker, Malak. Blitt., 1860, p. 281, Moll. Jap., p. 6, pl. I, fig. 17.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 63

Ind. Moll., p. 55. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 210, pl. XX, fig, 44.
Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 40.
This well known shell is quite frequent, especially at Otake.
The two specimens collected at Shito, one of which is represented
in the above figure, is more slender than usual, with the end of the
aperture more contracted and narrower. The transverse ridges on
the inner side of the outer lip is also obsolete in one of them.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Kamenari, Shito.
Also Tabata and Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of
Miyata and Yokosuka.
Living,—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Muricide.
Genus TROPHON, Montfort.

74. Trophon pachyrhaphe, (Smith.)
Pl. Ill. Fig. 1.

Trophon pachyrhaphe. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 40. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 10.

Coralliophila pachyrhaphe. Tryon, Man. Conch., II, p. 209, pl. 70, figs. 441, 442.

Fusus pachyrhaphe. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 205, pl. XX, figs. 37,
87a. Kobelt, Mart. u. Chem. Syst. Conche Cab., p. 202, figs. 10, 11.

A single example. The shell is fusiform with about eight
shouldered whorls which are flat and sloping above the shoulder
and vertical below it. The sculpture consists of longitudinal ribs
and spiral cords. The ribs on the penultimate whorl are nine in
number, coarse, and rounded, while they are more or less flattened
on the body-whorl. The spiral cords are close together and alter-
nately large and small. Incremental lines scaly on crossing the
cords. Aperture obovate. Outer lip crenate at margin and
furnished within with a few faint transverse striae which do not
attain the margin. Canal short, bent somewhat sideward as well
as backward. Height 19 millim. Diameter 9 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Tega.

Living.—Western Japan.

64 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

75. Trophon subclavatus, Yokoyama.
Pl. IIL. Fig. 2.

Trophon subclavatus. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 60, pl. ITI, fig. 2, pl. VI, figs.
13, 14.

There are several examples of this species which is closely
related to, if not quite identical with, the North European Trophon
clavatus Sars. The long canal is bent as in those already described
in the work above cited.

Fossil oceurrence.—Shito, Tega. Oji in Musashi. . Lower
Musashino of Miyata.

Genus TYPHIS, Montfort.

76. Typhis arcuatus, Hinds.
Pl. I. Fig. 3.

Typhis arcuatus. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 41. Hinds, Voy. Sulph., Moll., p. 10, pl. II,
figs. 1, 2. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 9. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., III, p. 320, pl. 284,
figs. 8, 4, 5. Reeve, Conch. Icon., XIX, pl. III, fig. 10 abe. Tryon, Man. Conch.,
II, p. 186, pl. 30, figs. 298, 297.

Typhis japonicus. A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 374.

This neat little shell is short-fusiform in shape. It has six
whorls of which the apical ones are smooth and mammillary, while
the succeeding ones are shouldered and furnished with varices
numbering ten on the body-whorl, every two of which approach
at the shoulders and form a tubular spine. Of these two varices,
the anterior one is more bent than the posterior. Canal long and
bent.

Several specimens, all with tubular spines broken. They are
smaller than those figured by Sowerby, the largest (only 77 millim.
in height) being not quite one-half as large.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Western Japan. China. Cape of Good Hope.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 65

Genus OCINEBRA, Leach.

rere

- Ocinebra falcata, (Sowerby).
Pl. III. Fig. 4.

Ocinebra falcata. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 42. Tryon, Man. Conch., II, p. 127, pl. 38, fig. 457.

Murex falcatus. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., IV, p. 44, pl. 394, fig. 149. Dunker, Ind.
Moll., p. 6. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 80. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo,
p. 4, pl. I, fig. 1. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nord-jap. Meeres, p. 410.

This characteristic shell already described by Tokunaga from
Shinagawa is more or less variable in shape. The number of varices
is usually five to seven, but rarely four. The spines born on the
shoulders of the varices are sometimes long and acute, sometimes
short and blunt.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (frequent), Tega. Shinagawa in
Musashi.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

78. Ocinebra spectata, Yokoyania.
Pl. IIL. Fig. 5.

Shell pyriform. Spire short. Body-whorl very large, occupy-
ing about four-fifths the total height of the shell. Whorls about
seven, shouldered. Shoulders angulate, the surface above the shoul-
ders being flat and nearly horizontal, below flat and vertical. The
sculpture consists of Jongitudinal varices and spiral threads. Varices
twelve on the penultimate whorl, thirteen on the preceding one.
and only eight on the ijast, straight, rib-like, rounded, somewhat
narrower than interspaces, spiny at shoulders. Spiral threads very
flat, weak, distinct only below the shoulders where they number
three on the penultimate whorl and the preceding one with an in-
terstitial thread in the former. Of these three threads, the upper-
most is just on the shoulder and the lowest near the lower suture,
while the middle one is just midway between the two. The spines
of the body-whorl are first directed upward and then somewhat in-
ward, hollow and canal-like, the opening being at the anterior side.

66 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

The body-whorl tapers quickly downward and is furnished on its
lateral surface with numerous, close, unequal spiral threads which
are scaly where crossed by incremental lines. Aperture oval,
thickened, uneven at margin and with some blunt tubercles at
some distance from it. Canal long, straight, closed.

Several specimens. The largest measures 30 millim. in
height, and 16 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

Genus RAPANA, Schumacher.

79. Rapana bezoar, Linne, var. thomasiana, Crosse.

Pl. Il. Fig. 6.
Rapana bezoar var. thomasiana. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll, Jap., p. 44.
Rapana bezoar. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 51. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p.51.

Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 5.
Rapana thomasiana, Crosse, Jour. de Conch., vol. IX, pp. 178, 268, pl. TX, X.

Rapana bezoar var. japonica. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 42.
Pyrula bezoar var. japonica. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 4.

This is a very frequent fossil in the neighbourhood of Tokyo.
But all the specimens hitherto found belong to a smoother form
without any strong spiral ribs, known under the name of var.
thomasiana.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Kioroshi, Shisui, Tega, Shito.
Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living. —Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Genus PURPURA, Bruguiére.
SO. Purpura heyseana, Dunker.

Pl. IIL. Fig. 7.

Purpura heyseana. Danker, Ind. Moll., p. 40, pl. XIII, figs. 10, 11. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 44.
Dunker founded his species on a single specimen of a young
shell. The adult shells have the spire a little more elevated than
in Dunker’s figure. aN

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 67

As a fossil, a single mutilated example was found with the
greater part of the spire lacking. It is about 25 millim. in dia-
meter.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Tritonide.
Genus TRITON, Montfort.
Sl. Triton tenuiliratus, Lischke.

Pl. Ill. Fig. 8.

Triton tenuiliratus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 30, pl. IL, figs. 18, 19. Tryon,
Man. Conch., III, p. 22, pl. XII, fig. 105.
Tritontum tenuiliratum. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 47.

An adult and a young specimen.

The shell is fusiform with large body-whorl. The whorls are
generally more or less angulate a little above the middle. The
surface above the angle is flat and gently sloping, while below it is
more or less vertical and somewhat contracted toward the lower
suture. The varices number three on the last two whorls with the
fourth one at the boundary between the penultimate whorl and the
one preceding it. Between the varices there are many close longi-
tudinal threads, some of which are coarser than others and often
assume the appearance of small ribs. Spiral threads about eight
on the penultimate whorl, three above the angle, one upon it and
usually double (divided into two by an impressed line), aud the
rest on the vertical wall and unequal in size. The body-whorl
possesses many spiral threads, of which the three above the angle
are equal-sized, while those below the same are alternately large
and small, although sometimes there are two smaller ones be-
tween thelarger. Periphery rounded, Aperture obovate. Outer
lip with a varix without and sulcate within. The canal in our
specimens is broken, but it is evidently long, narrow, and some-
what bent. Height about 36 milim. Diameter 13.5 millim.

Fossil oceurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

Genus PRIENE, H. et A. Adams.
S2. Priene oregonensis, (Redfield).

Priene oregonensis. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 47. A. Adams in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864,

vol. VIL, p. 106.
Triton oregonensis. Redfield, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1846, vol. IV, p. 165,

pl. XI, fig. 2 ab. Kiister in Syst. Conch.Cab. Mart. u. Chem., p. 247, pl. 66, fig. 2.
Tritoninm oregonense. Martins, Mal. Blitt., XIX, 1872, p. 30.
Tritonium cancellatum. Sebrenck, Moll. Amurl., p. 481.
Triton (Priene) oregonensis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 64, pl. III. figs. 19, 20.

Only some fragments.

Fossil oceurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Kamakura,
Yokosuka and Koshiba.

Living.—Northern Japan. Alaska, Oregon, Chile, Strait of

Magellan.

Family Cassidide.
Genus CASSIS, Lamarck.
83. Cassis strigata, (Gmelin).
Pl. Il. Fig. 9.

Cassis strigata. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 65. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 48. Tryon, Man. Coneb.,
VII, p. 276, pl. 7, fig. 85. Reeve, Conch. Icon., V, fig. 26.

Cassis undata. Kiister in Mart. u. Chem. Syst. Conch. Cab., III, part 1, p. &9, pl. 52,
figs. 1, 2.

Bueeinum strigatun. Gmelin, Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. 18, p. 3477.

Cassis zebra. Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert.] X, p. 28.

Of the four examples obtained, two are entirely devoid of
varices. The spiral grooves of the body-wherl in one of the speci-
mens are only distinct on the lower two-thirds of the surface. The
largest specimen measures 65 millim. in height, while the figured.
one is not quite 60 millim. high.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 69

Family Doliide.
Genus DOLIUM, Lamarck.
S4. Dolium luteostomum, Kuster.

Pl. III. Fig. 10.

Dolium luteostomum. Kiister in Syst. Conch. Cab., vol. III, part 1, B, p. 66, pl. 58, fig.
2. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 65, IL, p. 57. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 49. Brauns
Geol. Envy. Tokio, p. 60. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 17, pl. I. fig. 39. Yoko-:
yama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 66, pl. IV, fig. 2.

Dolium jtponicum. Dunker, Nov. Conch., p. 104, pl. 35, fig. 36.

Dolium variegatum. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl., p. 403.

Very frequent at some of the localities.

Fossil oeccurrence.— Otake, Kioroshi, Shisui, Tega and Shito.
Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka
and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Indian
Ocean (Kiister).

Family Cypreide.

Genus ERATO, Risso.

85. Erato callosa, A. Adams et Reeve.
Pl. IL. Fig. 11.

Erato callosa. Adams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, p. 25, pl. 10, fig. 32. Sowerby,
Thes. Conch., III, p. 82, pl. 219, figs. 35-37. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., IT, p. 68.
Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 9. Ind. Moll., p. 56. Tryon, Man. Conch., V, p. 9, pl. 4, figs.
38, 39. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 52. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 10, pl. I, fig. 12.

This shell is characterized by A. Adams and Reeve as follows:
“Shell pyriform, strong, thickly enamelled, callous; spire subobtuse
columella excavated, outer lip distinctly denticulate ”’

A few specimens of an Hrato obtained agree very well with
the above description and are, therefore, to be assigned to the same
species.

In Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum there is a species

70 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

called Erato lachryma Gray (vol. III, pl. 219, figs. 4, 5, 6) described
also from Japan. It is said to have ‘‘the crenulations of the outer
lip not very perceptible,’’ but in shape it is hardly distinguishable
from Erato callosa. Moreover, the specimens of the latter have
occasionally the denticulations indistinct. Therefore it is possible
that the two forms belong to the same species.

Tokunaga’s figure of Erato callosa must be said to be not quite
correct.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rare), Shito (not rare). Shinagawa.

Living.—-Central and Western Japan. China.

Family Strombide.
Genus STROMBUS, Linne.
86. Strombus japonicus, Reeve.
Pl. Ill. Fig. 12.

Strombus japonicus. Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig. 42. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 80,
pl. V, fig. 7. Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 115, pl. 5, fig, 48. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 55.
Strombus vittatus Linne, var. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 95.

Two specimens, one of which is young. The adult specimen
agrees quite well with the figure of Lischke, except in the upward
prolongation of the expanded outer lip which in the present speci-
men does not go up higher than the shoulder of the body-whorl,
while in Lischke’s figure it goes much higher, reaching the third
whorl from the last.

The younger specimen which is about 20 millim. high has the
outer lip thin and not expanded, the shell thereby assuming the
appearance of a Hemifusus. Such is also the case with young
specimens of the living shell.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.--Central and Western Japan. Bonins or Ogasawara-
jima.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 71

Family Cerithiide.
Genus CERITHIUM, Adanson.
a7. (orice: (Clava) kochi, Philippi.
Pl. Il. Fig. 13.

Cerithium kochi. Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschr., III, Cerithium, p. 2 (14), pl. I, fig. 3.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 76, ILI, p. 49. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokio, p.
24, pl. I, fig. 49.

Cerithium (Vertagus) kochi. Tryon, Man. Concb., IX, pl. 28, figs. 48, 49.

Vertagus kochii. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 108.

Clava kochi. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 56.

Two specimens of a narrowly turrete shell. The whorls are
flat and ornamented with seven close, flat, spiral ribs which are
alternately large and small. The uppermost rib which is a small-
er one is often rather indistinct, being close to the suture. The
larger ribs are all tuberculate, while the smaller are either smooth
or only indistinctly tuberculate. Columella-fold single, weak, and
oblique, but towards the interior high and strong. Height 35
millim. Diameter 1U millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. East Coast of Africa.

Genus POTAMIDES, Brongniart.

SS. Potamides (Tympanotonos) fluviatilis,
(Postiez et Michand).

Potamides (Tympanotonos) fluviatilis, Pilsbry, Cat., p. 57. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo,
j p. 25, pl. I, fig. 52. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 68, pl. IV, fig. 14.
Potamides fluviatilis. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 76, I, p. 69.
Tympanotonos fluviatilis. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 110.
Cerithium fluviatile. Postiez et Michaud, Cat. Mol]. Douai, p. 8638, pl]. 31, figs. 19, 20.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch, II, p. 891, pl. 186, figs. 295, 298.
Potamides cf. incisus. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 26, pl. I, fig. 53.

This shell is characterized by flat whorls on which there are
three flat distant ribs. These ribs are furnished with tubercles
which form longitudinal rows linked together by a thread.

72 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rather frequent). Tabata. Lower
Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines. Indian
Ocean.

S0. Potamides (Batillaria) zonalis, Bruguiere.

Potamides (Batillaria) zonalis. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 67.

Potamides (Lampania) zonalis. Tryon, Man. Conch. IX, p. 167, pl. 34, figs. 3, 4, pl. 35.
fig. 14. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 25.

Lampania zonalis. Liscke, Jap. Meeresconch.., I, p. 73, pl. VI, figs. 15, 16, II, p. 6%
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 109.

Like the living shell described by Lischke, the fossil one too
has longitudinally plicate and spirally striate whorls. The longi-
tudinal plicae which number eleven on the penultimate whorl are
somewhat oblique and are usually severed into two, sometimes into
three, tubercles by spiral grooves. The peristome is continuous
except at the anterior end where it is cut by a deep canal. The
outer lip is markedly produced near this canal.

Several examples, though more or less broken.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Kamenari. Oji and Tabata.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Hongkong.
Australia.

90. Potamides (Batillaria) multiformis, (Lischke.)

Potamides (Batillaria) multiformis. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 57. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 69, pl. IV, fig. 9.

Lampania multiformis. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 74, pl. VII, figs. 1-10, IL, p.
69. Dunker Ind. Moll., p. 109. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, p. 167, pl. 35, fig. 18, pl.
34, fig. 6, 8.

Lampania zonalis. Brauns, Geol, Env. Tokio, p. 52, pl. II, fig. 12. (non L. zonalis
Brug.).

The typical form of this shell is characterized by its short
shape, a specimen from Kamenari being such a one. Among those
from Semata, however, there are also more slender forms which
may be considered as a variety.

What Brauns described as Lampania zonalis from Surugadai,
Tokyo is evidently this variety, his figure clearly showing it.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 73

Fossil occurrence.—Kamenari, Shito (not rare). Surugadai
(Tokyo) and Dokwanyama in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Yo-
kosukay

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Cerithiopside.
Genus CERITHIOPSIS, Forbes et Hanley.

91. Cerithiopsis nodosocostatus, Yokoyama.

Pl. II. Fig. 14.

Shell small, turrete. Whorls about thirteen, the first three
embryonal, smooth and rounded, the succeeding flat, shouldered,
with a narrow sloping shelf above the shoulder and somewhat
contracted near the lower suture where there is a suprasutural
spiral thread. The sculpture consists of longitudinal riblets,
sixteen or seventeen on the penultimate whorl, straight, ver-
tical, usually made up of two nodules placed one above the other
and linked together by a low ridge. Of these two nodules the
lower may become obsolete, in which case the whorls appear to be
furnished with a single spiral row of nodules at the shoulder. In-
terspaces equal to, or slightly broader than riblets, and furnished
with a few faint spiral striae. Periphery angulate, with the
suprasutural thread elevated and sharp. Below the peripheral
thread there is a second angle marked by a thread and quite obtuse.
Base flat, smooth or with faint spiral lines. Aperture squarish.
Canal short, narrow, a little bent. Height 6.5 millim. Diameter
2 millim. |

Of the three specimens obtained, one has a single spiral row
of nodules on lower whorls.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

92. Cerithiopsis (Seila) trisulcatus, Yokoyama.
Pl. Ill. Fig. 15.

Shell small, subulate. Whorls about seventeen, the first two
smooth and rounded, the succeeding flat in the upper third and

74 Art. 1.--M. Yokoyama :

somewhat convex in the lower two-thirds, spirally grooved; grooves
three, dividing the surface of the whorls into four parts of which
the upper three are nearly equal in breadth, while the lowest is a
little narrower. Periphery subangulate. Base with two spiral
grooves near the periphery. Aperture rhomboidal. Outer lip thin
Canal short, narrow, bent sideward as well as backward. Height
11.5 millim. Diameter 2.5 millim.

In one of the specimens, which are not at all rare, the upper
portion of the spire is slightly curved, and in young ones the whorls
may be all nearly flat.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Triforide.
Genus TRIFORIS, Deshayes.

93. Triforis otsuensis, Yokoyama.
Pl, III. Fig. 16.

Triforis otsuensis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 69, pl. IV, fig. 11.

This species which I founded on a single specimen from the -
Lower Musashino of Yokosuka is represented by four specimens,
in two of which the apex is not preserved. The whorls number
about twelve, the first three being embryonal. The middle spiral
rib of the body-whorl which is equal in size to the other two in the
specimens of Yokosuka is in the present ones always more or less
weak, as on the preceding whorls. The aperture is a rounded
square. Height about 5.5 millim. Diameter 1.5 millim.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Ceuntral Japan.

$4. Triforis multigyrata, Yokoyama.
Pl. V. Fig. 5.
A single specimen of a small, subulate, subeylindrie shell with
the apex a little broken, but still with eighteen whorls preserved.

Its height is 13 millim. and its diameter 2.8 millim. The whorls
are flat and triseriately granose with interspaces narrower than the

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 75

grains which are round, close, more or less contiguous either direct-

ly or by ashort prolongation sent off from their lateral sides. These

grains are also linked vertically by a short, somewhat oblique riblet.

On the last part of the body-whorl there is an interstitial spiral

thread also granose at the extreme end (near the aperture). Aper-

ture squarely rhombic. Canal bent sideward and also backward.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Trichotropide.
Genus TRICHOTROPIS, Broderip et Sowerby.
95. Trichotropis unicarinata, Broderip et Sowerby.
Pl. XIIf. Fig. 11.

Trichotropis untcarinata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch , III, p. 323, pl. 285, fig. 10. Dunker,

Index Moll., p. 105, pl. I, figs. 11, 12. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, p. 44, pl. 7, fig.

56. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 59. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tolcyo, p. 20, pl. I, fig. 38.
Trichotropis coronata. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p, 84 (not T. coronata Gould).

This is a very characteristic shell easily recognized by its
tabularly shouldered whorls with an elevated and crenulate keel
on the shoulder, a large umbilicus surrounded by a sharp and
elevated margin, ovate aperture and a very short straight canal.
The sculpture is almost absent save some faint spiral striae or
threads sometimes visible on the body-whorl below the shoulder.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in
Musashi.

Living.—Northern to Western Japan.

Family Vermetide.
Genus THYLACODES, Guttard.

96. Thylacodes medusae, Pilsbry.
Pl. HI. Fig. 17.
Thylacodes medusae. Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, 1891, p. 471, pls. 17, 18.
Catalogue, p. 59, pls. LV, V. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 71, pl. IV, fig. 7.
Only a single fragment.
Fossil oceurrence.—Otake. Lower Musashino of Miyata and
Yokosuka.

76 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Living.—Central to Southern Japan.

Family Cecide.
Genus CAECUM, Fleming.

97. Ceeum vitreum, Carpenter.
Pl. II. Fig. 18.

Caecum vitreum. Carpenter, Monogr. Caecidae, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 432,
spec. 29. A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, p. 864. Tryon, Man. Conch.,
VIII, p. 215, pl. 66, fig. 54.

A single specimen of a small arched smooth shell, 2 millim. in
length and about 0.5 millim. in diameter. The tube is somewhat
larger near the anterior end where it is more sharply curved than
in the other parts.

A shell like this, having neither characteristic form nor
markings is extremely difficult to determine, especially when it is
a fossil. But as the presence of this species in the Japanese waters
has been already noted by A. Adams, I believe, I am justified in
assigning this to the same species.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Family Melaniide.
Genus MELANIA, Lamarck.
98. Melania niponica, Smith.
Pl. IV. Fig. 1.

Melania niponica, Smith, Descript. Some New Spec. Land a. Freshw. Shells a. Rem.
on Other Spec. found in Japan, Quart. Journ. Conchol., I, p. 118 (1876). Kobelt,
Fauna Moll. Extramar. Japon., p. 181, pl. 19, figs. 5-7, 10-14.

Two decollated specimens, both with the upper whorls broken,

The whorls grow rather rapidly and are ornamented with slightly

curved longitudinal costae, numbering sixteen on the penultimate

whorl and crossed by distant spiral cords (six on the penultimate),
the intersection-points being tubercular. On the base there are
only spiral cords, the longitudinal costae ending at the periphery.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 77

The specimens belong to the so-called short forms of the
species like fig. 6 of Kobelt.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Tega.

Living.—Central Japan (both in lakes and near sea-coasts).

Family Solariide.
Genus SOLARIUM, Lamarck.

99. Solarium (Philippia) cingulum, Wiener.
Pl. ILL. Fig. 19.

Solarium (Philippia) cingulum. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., III, Solarium, p. 237, pl. 253
(IV), figs. 55, 56. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, p. 15 pl. V, figs. 68, 64.
Solarium cingulum. Kiener, Coq. viv., Solarium, p. 6, 6a. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 65.

Shell conical. Whorls five, very little convex, spirally
striate and with two suprasutural cords, the lower of which is at
the suture and stronger than the upper which is immediately
above. Base somewhat convex with a spiral cord below, and close
to the corded periphery, and also several spiral striae on the whole
surface. Umbilicus about one-fourth the shell-diameter, with
margin broadly crenate and divided into two unequal parts by a
deep, narrow, spiral groove, the inner being broader than the
outer. Aperture triangular with sides sumewhat curved. Height
12 millim. Diameter 19 millim. Diameter of umbilicus 5 millim.

Fossil oceurrence.—Shito (rare).

Living.—Central Japan. Bonin Islands. Philippines. South
Sea.

100. Solarium (Philippia) pseudoperspectivum, (Brocchi).
Pl. Ill. Fig. 20,
Solarium (Philippia) pseudoperspectivum. Tryon, Man. Conch., TX, p. 15, pl. 5, figs.
67, 68.
Solarium perspectivum. Weinkauft, Moll. Mittelm., p. 260. Sowerby, Thes. Coneh., IL
Solarium, p. 235, pl. 254 (V), figs. 83, 84. Sacco, Moll. Terr. Tert. Piem. et Lig.,
pt. 12, p. 48, pl. I, figs. 60-65.
Trochus pseudoperspectivus. Brocchi, Conch. Foss. Subap., II, p. 359, pl. V, fig. 18.
Three examples, one of which, though the smallest, is excel-
lently preserved.

78 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama

Shell flatly conical. Whorls five, slightly convex to nearly
flat, spirally banded both above and below the suture. The infra-
sutural band or cord is single, followed by a sulcus, while the
suprasutural one is double, having a groove in the middle. A nar-
rower groove is also found just above the band. Incremental lines
very conspicuous, regular, looking like striae and causing the band
to appear crenulate. Periphery angular, formed by the lower half
of the double band. Base somewhat convex with the peripheral
portion flattened and with two spiral grooves olf which the one
next to the periphery is the broadest. The base is ornamented
with incremental striae radiating from the umbilicus which is
comparatively small with margin coarsely crenate and encircled
by a deep spiral impressed line. Aperture trapezoidal. Height
7 millim. Diameter 14 millim. Umbilical diameter 3.5 millim.
The largest specimen is 21 millim. in diameter.

Very probably this is only one form of Solariwm pseudoperspec-
tivum of the Mediterranean which has separated into several
varieties. Comparing the Japanese fossil with the figures and
descriptions of the above species given by Sacco, it seems to come
nearest to a variety called suprastriatula (fig. 65 of Sacco).

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Pliocene of Italy.

Living.—Central Japan (hitherto not mentioned in concholo-
gical works relating to Japan, but a specimen is at hand brought
from Awa (Boshu). Mediterranean.

Genus TORINIA, Gray.

101. Torinia elegantula, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 2.

Shell small, almost discoidal, with spire very low. Whorls
four, flat, ornamented with six unequal spiral threads of which the
uppermost (subsutural) and the two lowest are stronger than the
others, and of the two lowest the upper is somewhat stronger
than the lower. Crossing these threads are incremental striae which
are close and elevated with a bead at the point of intersection.
Periphery formed by a cord and angulate. Base angulate in the

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 79

middle, also with a cord at the angle; the surface between this
angle and the periphery is flat with spiral threads on it, while that
between the same and the umbilical margin is somewhat convex
and furnished with two spiral threads. All these threads together
with the angle-cords are crossed by incremental striae, the points
of intersection being bead-like. Umbilicus large with margin
erenate. Aperture quadratic. Height 1.5 millim. Diameter of
shell 3.5 milliim. Diameter of umbilicus 1.2 millim.

A single specimen.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Family Rissoide.
Genus RISSOA, Freminville.
120. Rissoa (Cingula) plebeja, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 3.

Shell small, turrete. Whorls about nine, the first three
embryonal and very small, the succeeding more or less angulate at
about one-third distance from the lower suture, the surface both
above and below the angle being a little convex. Sometimes the
angle may be rather indistinct in which case the whorls appear
strongly convex. The sculpture consists of very faint spiral striae
only visible with a magnifier under a good reflection of light.
Periphery rounded. Base abruptly narrowed, convex, smooth.
Aperture ovate. Inner lip covered with a thin glaze. Outer lip
thin, sharp. Height 5 millim. Diameter 2 millim.

The specimeus are frequent, but none of them has the outer
lip perfect, owing to its thin and fragile nature.

Fossil occurrence.— Shito. 7

Genus RISSOINA, d’Orbigny.

103. Rissoina (Moerchiella) manzakiana, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 4.

Shell small, ovately fusiform, rather solid. Whorls six, the
first two smooth and rounded, the succeeding somewhat convex,

80 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

longitudinally plicate. Plicae straight, vertical, blunt, narrower
than interspaces, about twenty in number, very weak on the
penultimate whorl and almost obsolete on the ultimate, which
latter is higher than the spire. Base spirally striate. Periphery
broadly rounded. Aperture ovately semilunar, pointed behind,
rounded in front, with peristome continuous. Height 4.5 millim.
Diameter 1.8 millim.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake (frequent).

Genus FENELLA, A. Adams.

104. Fenella septentrionatlis, (Tokunaga).

Pl. IV. Fig. 5, 6.
Rissoa septentrionalis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 26, pl. I, fig. 55.

Shell small, turriculate, pupoidal. Whorls nine, the first two
smooth and rounded, the remaining convex, usually with two
prominent spiral cords, the one on the upper and the other on the
lower half of the whorl, making its surface often subangulate at
these places. Besides these two cords, there are also two spiral
threads less prominent than the cords and situated just above and
below the suture. Sometimes there is a third thread between the
cords. These cords and threads may sometimes become nearly
equal in size on the body-whorl. The longitudinal sculpture consists
of rigid, vertical, distant riblets nearly equal in size to the cords.
The riblets, however, are often indistinct and obsolete. Intersec-
tion-points of spiral and longitudinal sculptures more or less
tubercular. Periphery rounded with a spiral thread on it, which
is a continuation of the suprasutural one of the preceding whorls.
Base convex with several spiral threads. Umbilicus sometimes
furnished with a small narrow chink. Aperture oval, bluntly
angulate behind.

The shells are very variable in shape, some being long and
slender (height 4.9 millim and diameter 1.4 millim.), while others
are short and more pyramidal (height 2.6 millim. and diameter
1.2 millim.). These, however, are connected by intermediate
forms. In several specimens, one of the upper whorls is specially

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 81

large, which is generally the case with the whorl preceding the
penultimate. The subsutural chestnut band found in the living
specimens is often preserved also in the fossil ones. Rather rare.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Tabata (according to Toku-
naga).
Living.—Central Japan.

Family Skeneide.
Genus SKENEA, Fleming.
105, Skenea nipponica, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 7.
Skenea nipponica. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 75, pl. V. fig. 1.

Two specimens, one of which is somewhat larger than that
described from the Lower Musashino, being 2.2 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence. — Shisui, Tega. Lower Musashino of
Yokosuka.

Living. —Central Japan.

106, Skenea planorboides, Yokoyama.

Pil LV. Hic. 8.

Shell small, thin, almost discoidal, broadly umbilicated,
Whorls four and a half, rapidly growing, smooth, convex, separated
by deep sutures. Periphery roundly angulate. Base somewhat
convex. Umbilical margin angulate. Umbilical wall nearly ver-
tical. Aperture roundly triangular, one of the angles being in the
middle portion of the outer lip at the extreme end of the periphery.
A single specimen which is 2.5 millim. in height and 4.5 millim.
in diameter. :

This species is closely akin to Skenea planorbis Fabr. (Tryon,
Man. Conch., IX, pl. 60, fig. 100) of northern seas from which it
is distinguished by its angulate periphery.

The living specimens of this shell obtained in the Sea of Saga-
mi (Central Japan) are milk-white and translucent, and ornamented
with very fine spiral striae which are almost obliterated in the
fossil.

82 Art, 1—M. Yokoyama :

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.
Living.—Central Japan.

Family Capulide.
Genus CAPULWS, Montfort.

107. Capulus badius, Dunker.
Pl. IV. Fig. 9.
Capulus badius. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 124, pl. XIIT, figs. 15-17. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 69. Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. VIII, p. 182, pl. 89, figs. 77, 78.

A single specimen.

The thick capuliform shell is laterally somewhat compressed
with the spirally coiled vertex extending beyond the anterior mar-
gin of the aperture. The position of the vertex is not quite in the
median line of the shell owing to a distortion by pressure. Surface
radiately costellate. Aperture ovate and posteriorly dilated.

Fossil occurrence.—Kamenari.

Living.— Western Japan.

Genus CALYPTR-EA, Lamarck.
108. Calyptrea mammilaris, (Broderip).

Calyptraa mammilaris. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 120, pl. 34, figs. 64-75, 78-81.
Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 75, pl. IV, fig. 5.
Trochita mammilaris. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., V, p. 65, pl. 450, figs. 69-71.
Many examples, but all below J0 millim. in diameter.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata.
Living.—West Coast of America from Puget Sound down to
the Strait of Magellan.

Genus CREPIDULA, Lamarck.
109. Crepidula grandis, Middendorft.
Pl. IV. Fig. 10.

Crepidula grandis, Middendorff, Beitr. zu einer Malak. Ross., II, p. 101, pl. XI, figs. 8-
10. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 382. Dunker, Ind. Moll.; p.
123, pl. VI, figs. 1, 2. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 70.

Fcssils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 83

A single worn specimen with the longer diameter of the ellip-
tical aperture about 55 millim. It agrees well with the figures
-and descriptions given in the works above mentioned.

Tryon considers this species as identical with Crepidula dilatata
Lam. (Man. Conch., IX, p. 127) which lives along the west coast
-of America from Alaska down to Patagonia.

Fossil occurrence. -—Shito.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Behring
Sea.

Family Naticide.
Genus NATICA, Adanson.

110, Natica janthostoma, Deshayes

_Natica janthostoma. Deshayes, Revue Zool., p. 361. Philippi in Syst. Concli. Cab.
Mart. u. Chemn., II, part 1, Natica und Amaura, p. 58, pl. VIII, fig. 8. Lischke,
Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 81. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 61. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 71.
Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 77, pl. V, figs. 3, 4.

Natica clausa. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 17, pl. I, fig. 31.

_Natica clausa var. janthostoma, Middendorff, Mal. Ross., II, p. 209. Schrenek, Moll.
Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 873. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 31, pl. 19, fig.
89.

Very frequent.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (numerous), Shisui (do), Tega,
-Shito (abundant). Shinagawa, Oji and Tabata in Musashi. Lower
Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka, Kamakura, Koshiba and Naga-
numa.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan, Kamchatka.

Genus POLINICES, Montfort.

lil. Polinices powisianus, (Recluz).
Pl. IV. Fig. 12.

-Polinices powisianus. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 72.
_Natica powisiana. Recluz, Proc, Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 210. Philippi in Syst.
Conch. Cab. Mart. u. Chem., II, part 1. 46, pl. VIL, fig. 4.
Natica (Mamma) powisiana. Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 42, pl. 15, fig. 42, pl. 19,
fig. 92, pl. 20, figs. 99, 100.
-Uber powisianum. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 62.

e
=

4

84 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

Characterized by the large umbilicus which in form of a deep
and broad channel surrounds the callous process of the columella,
the so-called funiculum, in a semicircle.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rare).

Living. —Central and Western Japan. Philippihes. Moluecas.

112, Polinices (Neverita) ampla, (Philippi).

Polinices (Neverita) ampla. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 72. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin.,.
p. 78, pl. V, figs. 5, 6.

Natica ampla. Philippi, Zeitschr. Malak. 1845, p. 156. Tokunaga, Foss. Env., Tokyo,
p. 18, pl. I, fig. 32. P

Natica (Neverita) anpla. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 32, pl. 10, figs, 81-83, 85, 86,
pl. 1, figs. 91-95, pl. 12, fig. 6.

Neverita vesicalis. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 61.

Natica bicolor. Schrenck (non Philippi), Moll. Amul. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 578.

Natica robusta. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 18, pl. U, fig. 24.

Natica lamarckiana. Brauns, Geol. Envy. Tokio, p. 30. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I,.
p. 80.

Natica papyracea, Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 19, pl. I. fig. 33.

The specimens of this species are usually thick-shelled, but
now and then there are thin-shelled ones which Tokunaga separated
under the name of Natica papyracea Bush. But as it is quite
certain that the latter is only an abnormal form of the former, such
a separation is unnecessary. Whether Watica papyracea of .Bush
belongs to the same species or not, [am now unable to decide.

Fossil occurrence. — Otake (numerous), Shisui, Kioroshi,
Kamenari, Tega, Shito (numerous). Shinagawa and Tabata in
Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka and Naganuma..

Living.—Northern and Central Japan. China, Australia,.
Indian Ocean.

Genus SEIGARETUS, Lamarck.
if8. Sigaretus (Eunaticina) papilla, (Gmelin).
Pl. V. Fig. 8. aie
Sigaretus (Hunaticina) papilla. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 73. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII,.
p. 58, pl. 25, figs. 78, 79, 87, 88.

Sigaretua papilla. Liisclike, Jap. Meersconch., III, p. 54.
Naticina papilla. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 68.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 85

-Natica papilla. Philippi in Syst. Conch. Cab. Mart. u. Chem., II, pt. 1, p- 36, pl. IV,
fig. 18.

Nerita papilla. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, p. 8675.

A longly oval shell, rather thin and consisting of only four
‘whorls and a half which grow very rapidly and are covered with
numerons spiral grooves. Umbilicus narrow. Aperture ovate or
pear-shaped.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare), Otake (do), Shisui, Kamenari
-and Tega. Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Phillppines and
Moluccas.

114, Sigaretus (Eunaticina) oblongus, Reeve.
Pl, IV. Fig. 11.

_Sigaretus (Eunaticina) oblongus. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 58, pl. 25, fig. 83.

This species is distinguished from the foregoing only by its
sculpture which consists not of spiral grooves but of spiral striations.
“Tryon doubts whether it is really a distinct species, an opinion
with which I quite concur.

Several specimens were obtained, some of which, however,
are apparently quite smooth on the surface.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Living.—Habitat unknown.

Family Scalariide.
Genus SCALARIA, Lamarck.

1415. Sealaria aurita, Sowerby.
Pl. IV. Fig. 13.
Scalaria aurita. Sowerby, Thes. Coneb., I, Sealaria, p. 92, pl. XXXII, fig. 62. Tryon,
Man. Conch., IX, p. 59, pl. 12, fig. 84. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 67.
Scala aurita. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 75.

Shell moderately thick, turriculate, Whorls nine, the first
two smooth and rounded, the succeeding convex with distant
4lecumbent varices which are mostly thin, thirteen on the body-
whorl, the last one being situated at the outer margin of the aper-

86 Art, 1.—M. Yokoyama:

ture. In one of the specimens, there are three broad varices on
the whole shell, two on the body-whorl and one at the end of the
penultimate. Umbilicus open, narrow. The three spiral chestnut-
bands found on the body-whorl of recent specimens can still be
seen also on the fossil. The largest example measures 11 millim.
in height and 5 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rare) and Kior tein (do).

Living.—Central Japan.

16. Seatlaria maculosa, A. Adams et Reeve.
Pl, IV. Fig. 14.

Scalaria maculosa, A. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, p. 51, pl. XI, fig. 14. Tryon,.
Man. Conch., IX, p. 59, pl. 12, fig. 86.

A. Adams and Reeve give the diagnosis of this species as
follows :

‘‘ Shell lotigly turrete, hardly umbilicate. Whorls ten, round-
ed, smooth, polished. Ribs annular, subdistant, thin, broader and
flexuous near the suture. Colour bluish white with dark spots
(two between annular ribs).”’

There are several specimens of this nice shell which measure
up to 20 millim. in height and 9 millim. in diameter. The ribs
number nine on the ultimate as well as on the penultimate whorl.
In one specimen the original dark dots are preserved as brown ones.
placed one above the other. .

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (not rare).

Living.—Western Japan (according to Iwakawa). China Sea..

17. Sealaria azumana, Yokoyama.
Pl, IV. Fig. 15.

Shell turriculate. Whorls many (about ten ?), very convex,
longitudinally costellate and spirally striate. Costellee about seven--
teen on the body-whorl, thin, lamellar, erect, aculeate at shoulders,
generally equal in size in young specimens, though in adult ones
some may grow larger and become varix-like. Spiral striae found
only between the costelle, many, equidistant, with one or more-

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of-Kazusa and Shimosa. 87

finer ones between. Aperture subcircular, surrounded by a broad
peristome. Umbilicus imperforate.

Many specimens, all of which, however, lack the apex. The
one with eight whorls is 11 millim. in height and 4 millim. in
diameter. A large specimen with only three whorls preserved and
measuring 7 millim. in diameter shows three or four costellae on
each whorl stronger than others.

Specimens from Qji where they are quite frequent show the
lamellar costellae higher and more prominent and the shoulder-
spines more acute.

This species is closely related to Scalaria eximia Adams and
Reeve (Voy. Samarang, p. 51, pl. XI, fig. 16), but longer.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rare), Tega (do), Shito (do). Oji.
in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan (Sagami).

118. Sealaria kazusensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 16.

Shell small, turriculate. Whorls many (about eight ?), con-
vex, longitudinally costellate and spirally striate. Costellae rather ©
thick, lamellar, straight, equal, about twenty on the body-whorl.
Spiral striae between costellae fine, equal, distant. Aperture
subecireular, surrounded by a somewhat broad peristome. Height
9 millim. Diameter 3,5 millim.

This species resembles the preceding, but is shorter and
without the shouldeér-spine on the costellae which are also some-
what greater in number.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

Living.—Central Japan (Sagami).

119. Sealaria yamakawai, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 17.

Shell small, ovately turrete. Whorls convex, with rather
thick, lamellar, erect, equal riblets aculeate at shoulders and num-

88 Art, 1.—M,. Yokoyama :

bering thirteen on the body-whorl. Spaces between riblets. finely
and indistinctly spirally striate. Aperture subcircular with a broad
peristome. Height 5.5 millim. Diameter 3 millim.

A single specimen lacking the apex. The number of whorls
seems to be about eight. The apical angle of the shell is about 35°.

This species looks like Sealaria denticulata Sow. (Thes.
Conch., I, pl. 32, figs. 25, 26) from the Philippines which, howe-
ver, has a less number of riblets.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

120. Sealaria conjuncta, Yokoyama.

Pl. LV. Fig. 18.

Shell turriculate. Whorls convex. longitudinally costellate.
Costellae lamellar, erect, low, equal, about twenty-five on the
body-whorl, occasionally continuous from one whorl! to the other.
Interspaces smooth. Aperture subcircular, surrounded by a some-
what broad peristome. Height about 13 millim. Diameter 4.5
millim.

A single specimen lacking the apex. The whorls preserved
are eight in number.

A very small specimen only 4 millim. high from Shito seems
to be a young of this species. The number of whorls is seven.

Fossil oeecurrence.—Tega, Shito(?)

121. Sealaria subfrondicula, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 19.

Shell turriculate, many-whorled. Whorls convex, with about
fourteen longitudinal, somewhat oblique, lamellar, equal riblets
aculeate at shoulders. Interspaces between rblets smooth.
Aperture roundly elliptical.

A single specimen lacking the apex. The whorls preserved
are eight, measuring 20 millim. in height and 7 millim. in
diameter.

This species is very much like Sealaria frondicula Wood (Crag

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 89

Moll., I, Univalves, p. 92, pl. VIII, fig. 16) of the Coralline Crag
of England in which, however, the ribs are less in number (gener-
ally twelve).

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

122. Sealaria picturata, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 20.

Shell turriculate. Whorls about twelve, the first two smooth,
the succeeding convex, longitudinally finely costellate and spirally
striate. Costellae very fine, filiform, much narrower than inter-
spaces, about sixty on the body-whorl. Spiral striae equally fine,
found only on the lower three-fifths of the whorls, about eight in

number on the penultimate, quite as distant as the riblets them-

selves and crossing them, so that the surface appears cancellated.
Periphery angulate. Aperture suborbicular. Base somewhat
convex, with Jongitudinal striae only.

Two specimens. The largerseems to be worn. It shows the
riblets obtuse and the spiral striae nearly obsolete. Its height is

20 millim. with the diameter 5.5 millim. The figured specimen is
the smaller one which is 13 millim. in height and 5 millim. in
diameter.

This species has some resemblance to Scalaria scaberrima
Micht. (Bellardi et Sacco, Moll. Piem., IX, p. 57, pl. II, figs. 45-
47) of the Italian Pliocene, although different in details.

What Tokunaga figured as Sealaria acuminata Sow. (Foss.
Eny. Tokyo, pl. I, fig. 37) seems to be this species. Sowerby’s
species, however, is more slender and has no spiral striae.

Fossil oeccurrence.—Shito. Oji in Musashi.

Living. —Central Japan.

Family Eulimide.
Genus EULIMA, Risso.
123. Eulima (Leiostraca) unicineta, Yokoyana.
Pl. IV. Fig, 21.

Shell small, subulate, polished. Whorls about ten, somewhat
convex, separated by indistinct sutures, with an interstitial impress-

90 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

ed spiral line a little below the suture, perfectly smooth elsewhere.
Body-whorl very large, a trifle higher than one-half the shell-height.
Periphery broadly rounded. Aperture elongated, acute behind,
rounded in front. Inner lip with a narrow reflexed margin cover-
ing lower two-thirds of it. Height 6 millim. Diameter 1.5
millim. Length of aperture 2.5 millim. —

This species looks somewhat like Eulima psila Watson (Chal-
lenger Gastr., pl. 35, fig. 1) from the West Indies which, however,
has no spiral line below the suture, and moreover, has the body-
whorl as well as aperture comparatively shorter.

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake (rare), Shito (do).

124. HButima (Leiostraca) tokunagai, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 22.

Shell small, subulate, polished. Apical portion sometimes
slightly curved sidewise. Whorls about eleven, flat, smooth, with
sutures indistinct. Body-whorl shorter than one-half the height of
the shell. Periphery broadly rounded. Aperture ovately conic,
acute behind, rounded in front. Inner as well as outer lip very
obtusely angulate in the middle. Height 6 millim. Diameter
1.5 millim. Length of aperture 1.5 millim.

The living shells which can be compared with the present are-
Eulima acerrima Watson (Challenger Gastr., pl. 36, fig. 1) and.
Hulima sarissa Watson (loc, cit., pl. 36, fig. 2). The former, how-
ever, has the shape of the body-whorl as well as of the aperture:
different, while the latter is in general more subulate in form.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Tege.

125. Eulima (Leiostraca) glabroides, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 23.

Shell small, high-pyramidal. Apex blunt. Whorls about
nine, nearly flat, with more or less distinct sutures. Body-whorl
a little lower than one-half the shell-height. Periphery rounded.
Base rather abruptly narrowed. Aperture ovate, pointed behind,
somewhat produced and rounded in front. Margin of inner lip-

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 9

_ reflexed outward. Height 6.5 millim. Diameter 2 millim. There
is also a specimen which measures 3 millim. in diameter, but lack-
ing a greater part of the spire.

This species is not unlike Hulima glabra Jeffreys (Tryon, Man.
Conch., VIII, pl. 69, fig. 61), a form living in the Atlantic. But:
the shape of the aperture is different.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

126. Hulima (Leiestraca) krishna, Yokoyama.

Pl, IV. Fig. 24.

Shell very small, pyramidal. Apex obtuse, with the upper
part of the spire somewhat curved. Whorls six, nearly flat,
smooth, with sutures more or less indistinct. Body-whorl a little
higher than half the shell-height. Periphery sharply rounded.
Aperture ovate, posteriorly pointed, anteriorly somewhat produced
and bluntly pointed. A single example present measures 1.7
millim. in height and 0.6 millim. in diameter.

This shell looks like Hulima yokoskensis Yok. (Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 79, pl. V, fig, 7) from Yokosuka, but is smaller and less
acute.

Fossil occurrence.—Sshito.

Family Pyramidellide.
Genus PYRAMIDELLA, Lamarck.

127. Pyramidelia (Tiberia) putchella, (A. Adams).
Pl. V. Fig. 6.
Pyramidella (Tiberia) pulchella. Dall and Bartsch, Notes on Jap., Indopac. a. Amer..
Pyramidellidae, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. XXX, p, 823, pl. XXV, fig. 4.
Pyramidella pulehella. Tryon, Man, Conch., VIII, p. 301, pl. 72, fig. 75. Pilsbry,
Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap., p. 79.

Obeliscus pulchellus. A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 282. Sowerby,
Thes. Conch., II, p. 807, pl. 171, fig. 20. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 74.

A longly conical pyramidal shell with flat whorls shouldered
at the summit, and when fresh, ornamented with a spiral chestnut

92 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

band just at the lower sutures which appears on the body-whorl] at
the subangulate periphery. Aperture subovate. Outer lip thin.
Columella straight, biplicate with the posterior fold larger. The
largest specimen measures 13 millim. in height. The diameter
somewhat varies according as the specimen belongs to a broader or
narrower form. In the former it is a little over (86%), and in

the latter a little less (30%) than one-third the shell-height.

The chestnut band is also more or less preserved in all the
fossil specimens. :

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Tega, Kamenari. Oj,
Tabata and Dokwanyama in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

128. Pyramidella (Agatha) virgo (Adams), var. |
brevis Yokoyama.
Pl. V. Fig. 3.

Dall and Bartsch give the description of Pyramidella virgo in
their ‘‘ Japanese, Indopacific and American Pyramidellidae,”’ p.
335 as follows : |

‘Shell elongate-conic, subturrited, milk-white. Nuclear
whorls two, small, well rounded, obliquely about one-half im-
mersed in the first post-nuclear whorl. Post-nuclear whorls rather
high between the sutures, inflated, well rounded, shouldered,
marked by irregular lines of growth which lend the surface a some-
what uneven appearance and many fine, closely placed, wavy spiral
striations ; sutures strongly marked. Periphery of the last whorl
with a faint suggestion of an angulation. Base prolonged, gently
rounded, marked like the spaces between the sutures. Aperture
elongate-ovate, posterior angle obtuse, somewhat effuse at the
junction of the lip and columella ; outer lip thin without internal
lirations; columella short, curved, with a very strong, acute, ob-
lique fold near its insertion which fuses directly and is continuous
with the anterior reflected portion of the columella ; parietal wall
covered by a very thin callus.”’

Numerous specimens. But they are invariably more or less

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 93>

shorter than the specimen figured by Dall and Bartsch (loc. cit. pl.
XVIII, fig. 2). The number of post-nuclear whorls is about seven.
and not ten as the authors say.

The largest example measures 13 millim, in height with the
diameter varying from 4.3 millim. to 4.9 millim. (Dall gives:
Length 13.7 millim. Diameter 4.4 millim.).

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kamenari, Tega, Shito.
Shinagawa, Oji, Tabata and Dokwanyama in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan.

122. Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea, (A. Adains ).
Pl. V. Fig. 2.
Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea. Dall and Bartsch, Notes on Jap., Indopac. and
Amer. Pyramidellidae, p. 332, pl. XX VI, fig. 1.
Pyramidella (Elusa) cinnamomea. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 82.
Elusa cinnamomea, A, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 237.

A single specimen. A long slender apically blunt shell with
about eight post-nuclear whorls which are perfectly flat and ap-
parently smooth. Periphery and base rounded. Aperture ovate,
pointed behind. Columella-fold indistinct. Height 4.8 millim.
Diameter 1.3 millim.

The specimen agrees quite well with the figure and the de-
scription of the above species, save in the absence of minute spiral
striations which are said to be found in the living one examined by
Dall and Bartsch.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.— Western Japan.

130. Pyramidella (Iphiana) mira, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 25.

Shell medium-sized, slender, Teredra-like. Whorls many
(eleven preserved), slightly convex, separated by well-marked
somewhat channel-like sutures, very finely spirally striate (only
visible with a lens). Periphery rounded. Base abruptly narrow-
ed,convex. Aperture subquadrate with a strong oblique columella-
fold. Height about 15 millim. Diameter 3 millim.

94 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Two specimens both broken at apex. In a fresh state the
shell seems to have been provided with a coloured band close to
the lower suture.

A close ally of this species is Pyramidella tenyiscripta Lke.
(Dall and Bartsch, Notes on Jap. Pyram. already cited, p. 334, pl.
XXVI, fig. 3) which Lischke himself has described as Odeliseus
tenuiscriptus (Jap. Meeresconch., III, pp. 58, 59, pl. III, figs. 7, 8).
But the present species is more slender, has the body-whorl more
rounded, the columella-fold more oblique and the antero-inner
corner of the aperture more obtuse.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito. Oji in Musashi.

131. Pyramidelta (Iphiana) siva, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 26.

Shell medium-sized, subulate. Nuclear whorls helicoid, stan-
-ding on edge but partly immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl,
Post-nuclear whorls about eight in number with surface. slightly
convex, somewhat shouldered at the summit so that the sutures
appear subchannelled, finely spirally striate, the striae usually
visible only with a lens. Periphery rounded, Base convex.
Aperture partly broken but seems to have been longly subquadrate.
Columella-fold very oblique. Height 8 millim. Diameter 1.8
millim. <A single specimen.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

132. Pyramidella (Actaeopyramis) eaimia, (Lischke).
Pl. VI. Fig. 1.
Pyramidella (Actaeopyramis) eximia. Dall and Bartsch, Jap., Indopac. a. Americ.
Pyramid., p. 827, pl. XXIII, fig. 1. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 84.
Pyramidella ewimia. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 23, pl. I. fig. 46.
Monoptygma eximium. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 59, pl. ILI, figs. 4-6.
Monoptygma puncticulata. Brauns, Geol. Envy. Tokio, p, 31.

This is a large species with many somewhat convex, spirally
incised whorls shouldered at the summit. Spiral striations about
seven on the penultimate, and about twelve on the ultimate whorl
including those of the base. Columella fold only weakly indicated.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shixaosa. 95

The largest example measures 25 millim. in height and 7
millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui (do), Tega, Shito
(do). . Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Genus Qdostomia, Fleming.
133. Odostomia (Odostomia) sublimpida, Yokoyama.
Odostomia (Odotomia) sublimpida, Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 82, pl. V, fig. 13.
A single specimen. It is a little larger and broader than the
one described from the Lower Musashino, Height 3.5 millim.
Diameter 1.6 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Oji in Musashi. Lower Musashino
of Miyata.

134. Odostomia (Odostomia) gordonis, Yokoyama.

Pl. LV. Fig. 27.

Shell small, elongately ovate. Post-nuclear whorls five or six,
slightly convex, somewhat shouldered near the upper suture with
a narrow sloping shelf above the shoulder which shows only a faint
suggestion of angulation, covered with almost microscopic spiral
striae. Incremental lines also very fine. Body-whorl large,
nearly as high as the spire or a little higher. Periphery rounded.
Base convex. Aperture ovate, pointed behind and rounded in
front. Inner lip with a thin narrow coating of glaze. Columella-
fold strong, oblique. Height 5 millim. Diameter 2.5 millim.

This shell is characterized by its more or less subtabulated
form.

What Tokunaga described from Oji as Odostomia plana Gould
(Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 22) may possibly be this species, as it is
quite common at that place. But Gould’s species whose habitat
is given as Hongkong seems to be quite different.

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui, Kioroshi, Tega,
Shito. Oji in Musashi.

Living. —Central Japan.

96 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

135. Odostomia (Odostomia) shimosensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 28.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Post-nuclear whorls six, slightly
convex, somewhat shouldered at the summit so that the sutures:
appear subchannelled, smooth. Body-whorl about as high as spire.
Periphery subangulate. Aperture longly ovate, acute behind,
produced and sharply rounded in front. Columella-fold strong,
oblique. Height 5 millim. Diameter 2 millim. Rare.

This shell resembles Odostomia limpida Dall and Bartsch (Notes
on Jap., Indopac. a. Amer. Pyamidellidae, p. 346, pl. XX VI, Fig.
7) living in our seas; but the fossil is somewhat more slender.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, JXioroshi.

Living.—Central Japan.

136. Odostomia (Odostomia) limpida, Dall et Bartsch.
Pl. XIV. Fig. 1.
Odostomia (Odostomia) limpida. Dall and Bartsch, Notes on Jap., Indopac. a. Amer.
Pyram., p. 364, pl. XXV, fig. 7.

A small elongate-conic shell with the nuclear whorls to a
greater part obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear one. Post-
nuclear whorls about five, only slightly convex, smooth. Body-
whorl a trifle longer than one-half the shell-height. Periphery
feebly angulate. Aperture subovate, with posterior angle acute and
anterior end somewhat produced and rounded. Columella with a
distinct lamellar fold. Height 3 millim. Diameter 1.5 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito, Otake.

Living.—Western Japan.

137. Odostomia (Odostomia) desimana, Dall et Bartsch.
Pl. V. Fig. 7.

Odostomia (Odostomia) destmana. Dall and Bartsch, Jap., Indopac. a. Amer. Pyram..,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, p. 362, pl. XXYV, fig. 3, pl. XXVI, fig. 2.
Odostomia lactea. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 17, pl. II, fig. 4. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 84.
Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls almost completely
immersed in the first post-nuclear one. Post-nuclear whorls about

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 97

six in a specimen 5.5 millim. high, slightly convex and apparently
smooth, though with a strong lens fire spiral lines are visible.
Periphery rounded. Aperture subovate, acute behind, produced
and ‘rounded in front. Columella-fold strong and oblique.

Dall and Bartsch figure a young as well as an adult specimen
in which the anterior end of the aperture is somewhat different.
Such a difference, though not so strong, is also found in our fossil.

Perfect specimens do not exceed 5.5 millim. in height with
diameter 2 millim. But there is an imperfect one with the last
three whorls preserved. It is 6 millim. in height and 3 millim. in
diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rare), Tega (do), Shito (not very
rare).

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

138. Odostomia (Odostomia) kizakiensis, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 29.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Post-nuclear whorls five, smooth,
only a little convex and shouldered at the summit, so that the shell
appears subtabulated. Body-whorl a little higher than one-half
the height of the shell. Periphery broadly rounded, Base convex,
Aperture ovate, pointed behind, a little produced and rounded
in front. Lamellar plait distinct, oblique. Height 4 millim.
Diameter 1.8 millim. A few specimens

Fossil occurrence. —Tega.

139. Odostomia (Odestomia) venusta, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 30.

Shell smail, elongate-oval. Post-nuclear whorls about four,
somewhat convex, shouldered at the summit. Body-whorl very
large, the height being more than double that of the spire. Peri-
phery very broadly rounded. Aperture longly ovate, acute behind,
much produced and rounded in front. Columella-fold very strong
and oblique, its anterior portion forming the inner peristome of the

98 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

anterior part of the aperture. Outer lip thin and simple. Umbi-
licus closed. Height 4 millim. Diameter 2 millim.

A. Adams describes a species found living at Awashima under
the name of Odostomia ovoidea (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1860 p.
416) which seems to resemble the present fossil in form. But he
says that the aperture is oblong and the fold small.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kioroshi, Shito (rather
frequent). Oji in Musashi.

140. Odostomia (Odostomia) toneana, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 31.

Shell small, ovate-conic, rather solid. Post-nuclear whorls
about five, smooth, convex with sutures very distinct. Body-
whorl very large, a little higher than spire. Periphery rounded.
Base convex. Aperture ovate, acute behind, produced and
rounded in front. Columella-fold very strong, oblique, its |
anterior elongation forming the inner peristome of the anterior
part of the aperture. Height 4 millim., of which the body-whorl
seen from the apertural side occupies 2.6 millim. Diameter 2
millim.

In shape this species is hke Odostomia culta Dall and Bartsch
(Notes on Pyramidellide before quoted, p. 361, pl. XXVI, fig.
9), but it is shorter and has the whorls more convex.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega (not rare). Oji in Musashi.

141. Odostomia (Odostomia) subowia, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 32.

A single specimen.

Shell small, ovate-conic. Whorls few, post-nuclear four,
slightly convex, smooth. Sutures well marked. Body-whorl a
little shorter than two-thirds the height of the shell. Aperture
ovate, pointed behind, produced and rounded in front. Fold
oblique, strong. Height 3 millim. Diameter 1.4 millim.

This shell is extremely like Odostomia oxia Watson (Challenger
Gastr., p. 484, pl. XXXI, fig. 4) from North-East Australia, and

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa 99

if not for the faint spiral lines said to be found in the latter, I
would unite the two.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

142. Odostomia (Odetta) neofelix, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 33.

- Shell small, ovate-conic. Whorls about five and a half. of

which one and a half are nuclear. Post-nuclear ones convex,
shouldered a little below the sutures giving the shell a tabulated
appearance, spirally ribbed. , Ribs flatly rounded, a trifle broader
than the interspaces which are. finely longitudinally striate, three
on the first post-nuclear whorl, four on the next one, six on the
penultimate and more than ten on the ultimate. Of the four ribs
of the second post-nuclear whorl, the uppermost is much narrower
than the others. Of the six ribs of the penultimate whorl, the
uppermost is very faint and close to the suture, the next one
rather distinct, but weak, the succeeding three larger and nearly
equal in size, while the lowest one is somewhat weaker, though
strong when compared with the second. On the body-whorl, the
first subsutural rib is very weak, the next one somewhat stronger,
the following still stronger and nearly equal in size, though they
again diminish in size and get closer toward the caudal end of the
shell. Periphery rounded. Base convex. Umbilicus open.
Aperture oval, with posterior corner blunt and anterior rounded.
‘Tooth weak but distinct, on the some level as the umbilical hole,
the peristome anterior to it being a little reflexed outward.
Height 3.2 millim. Diameter 1.6 millim. Height of body-whorl
‘seen from apertural side 1.6 millim.

The species is closely related to Odostomia feliz Dall and
Bartsch (Notes on Pyramidellide before cited, p. 358, pl. XXI,
fig. 2) now living in Japan. But the latter has fewer ribs
-and the umbilicus closed.

Fossil occurrence. —Shisui (very rare). Oji in Musashi.

Living, —Central Japan.

100 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

143. Odostomia (Egilina) marielloides, Yokoyama.
Pl. IV. Fig. 34.

Shell small, ovate-conic. Post-nuclear whorls five, nearly
flat, somewhat shouldered at the summit, so that the shell appears.
more or less tabulated, longitudinally costulate. Costule numerous,
broadly rounded, close, broader than interspaces, somewhat
oblique and flexuous, the lower end being more posterior than the-
upper. Body-whorl somewhat higher than spire. Periphery
subangulate, bounded below by x puncticulate spiral groove which
is on the same level as the suture of the last part of the body-whorl.
Below this groove there are still a few more grooves of the same-
nature. Base abruptly narrowed. Aperture ovate, posteriorly
pointed, anteriorly produced and rounded, with the margin some--
what reflexed outward. Outer lip thin, sharp. Columella-tooth
weak, but distinct. Height 4 millim. Diameter 1.8 millim.

This shell resembles Odostomia marielia Dall and Bartsch (Notes
on Pyram., p. 354, pl. XXII fig. 4) in whieh, however, the apex
is truncate and the costule oblique in the opposite sense, that is.
to say, with the lower end more anterior than the upper.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rare), Tega (do). Oji in Musashi._

Genus TURBONILLA, Risso.

144, Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) misella, Yokoyata.
PL av. Fig: 136.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls standing on edge-
at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls about» seven only slightly
convex, longitudinally plicate. Plicze about sixteen on the whorl
preceding the penultimate, flattened, with narrower interspaces,.
very weak and faint on the penultimate and obsolete on the body-
whorl, so that the latter appears quite smooth. Periphery rounded.
Aperture ovate, acute behind. Outerlipthin. Height 3.6 millim._
Diameter 1.2 millim. A single specimen.

Fossil occurrence’—Otake, Tega.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. ‘ 101

145. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) imbana, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 35.

Shell small, elongate-conic, gradually tapering posteriorly.
Nuclear whorls helicoid, standing on edge at the summit. Post-
nuclear whorls about nine, somewhat convex, separated by deep
sutures, longitudinally plicate. Plice twenty on the penultimate
whorls, very obtuse, slightly curved, oblique, the lower end being
more anterior than the upper. Interspaces between plicee very
narrow, much narrower than plice themselves which are free at
both ends. Periphery somewhat angulate. Base abruptly
narrowed, with only faint indications of plice. Aperture sub-
quadrate, obtuse behind. Height 5 millim. Diameter 1.5 millim.
Rare.

This is somewhat like Turbonilla dunkeri Clessin (Dall and
Bartsch, Pyramidellide loc. cit., p. 336, pl. XX, fig. 3) in which,
however, the interspaces between the plicee are wider and the
plicee fuse with one another at the periphery.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui (rare), Tega (do), Shito (do).
Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan.

146. Turbonilla (Mormula) paucicostulata, Tokunaga.

Pl. IV. Fig. 37.

Turbonilla paucicostulata, Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 22.

Tokunaga in the above work gives neither the description nor
the figure of this species, but simply says that it is like Turbonilla
elegantissima Mont., the only difference being in the number of
whorls and ribs. The following description is based on the speci-
mens left by him in the museum of the the Imperial University
of Tokyo.

Shell medium-sized, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls helicoid,
standing on edge at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls eleven
or twelve, flatly convex, longitudinally costellate and finely
spirally striate. Costelle rounded, about twenty on the penultimate

102 Art, 1.—M,. Yokoyama :

whorl, slightly curved and oblique, the lower end being more
forward than the upper, with broader interspaces, fused with one-
another at the lower suture. Occasionally two or three costellee
unite together to form a broad flat varix. Spiral striations very
faint, visible only on interspaces which are provided at the lower
end with a transverse pit. Periphery bluntly angulate. Base
abruptly narrowed, with only faint indications of costelle, besides
a few feeble spiral threads. Aperture squarish, the inner lip.
being bent into an angle somewhat greater than a right angle
Outer lip thin, nearly straight. Anterior margin of the aperture
broadly rounded. Height 11.5 millim. Diameter 3.2 millim.
Fossil oecurrence.—Otake, Shito. Oji in Musashi (frequent).

147. Turbonilla (Mormiula ?) screbiceulata, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig. 38.

Shell medium-sized, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls three
with the axis at right angles to that of the shell. Post-nuclear
whorls about fourteen, moderately convex, longitudinally costel-
late. Costellee blunt, generally straight though rarely somewhat
flexuous or curved, nearly vertical, slightly narrower than inter-
spaces, separate above, fused below at the suture, with a pit at the
lower end of each interspace, occasionally forming a broad flat
varix (by fusion of two or three costellae). The number of costellae-
is about twenty-three on the body-whorl on which they end at the
subangulate periphery which is marked by a spiral cord formed by
the fusion of the lower ends of the costellae. Base only with
coarse lines of growth, rather flat, the convexity being very slight.
Sutures deep. Aperture subquadrate. Inner lip bent at an obtuse
angle in the middle. Outerlip thin. Height 11 millim. Diameter
2 millim.

This shell is like the preceding, but the whorls are more:
numerous and have no spiral striations.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (rare). Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 103

148. Turbonilia (Chemnitzia) kidoensis, Yokoyawwa.

Pl. 1V. Fig. 39.

Shell rather small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls decollated.
Post-nuclear whorls many (ten ?), convex, longitudinally costellate.
Costellee numerous, about twenty-eight on the body-whorl, obtuse,
slightly oblique and somewhat flexuous, broader than interspaces,
ending at the rounded periphery of the body-whorl. Base convex,
- smooth. Aperture subquadrate, the inner lip being bent at an
angle which is a little greater than a right angle. Height 11
millim.(?) Diameter 2.5 millim. A single specimen.

Fossil occurrence.—Tega.

Living. —Central Japan.

149. Turbonilla (Chemmitzia) teganumana, Yokoyama.

Pl. IV. Fig, 40.

Shell rather small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls standing
on edge at the summit, post-nuclear whorls about eight, nearly
flat, somewhat shouldered at the upper margin, longitudinally
costellate. Costelle rounded, broader than interspaces, nearly
straight, slightly oblique with the upper end more forward than
the lower, about twenty on the penultimate, nearly obsolete on
the body-whorl. Periphery rounded. Base convex, smooth.
Aperture pear-shaped, the posterior angle being a little less than a
right angle, while the angle in the middle of the inner lip is much
greater. Height 6,5 millim. Diameter 2 millim.

Two specimens. In the smaller one (only 4.5 millim. high)
the number of post-nuclear whorls are seven and the costelle are
also distinct on the body-whorl, but they vanish near the periphery.

Fossil occurrence. —Tega.

Living.—Central Japan.

150. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) sematana, Yokoyama.
Pl, IY. Fig. 41.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls standing on edge
at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls six, a little convex, longitudi-

104 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

nally ribbed. Ribs broad, flatly rounded, separated by much
narrower interspaces, slightly flexuous and oblique, about sixteen
on the body-whorl in which they end at the periphery without
fusing with one another. Periphery subangulate. _ Base convex,
smooth. Aperture subquadrate, the inner lip bending in the
middle at a broad angle. Height 4 millim. Diameter 1.3 millim.
Rare.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

151. Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) planicostata, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 11.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls two, smooth,
rounded, standing on edge at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls
about nine, moderately convex, straight, nearly vertical, twenty-
one on the penultimate and twenty-three on the ultimate whorl,
separated by much narrower interspaces which are finely spirally
striate. On the body-whorl the costelle continue a little into the
_ convex base and then vanish, leaving the place near the umbilicus
smooth. Periphery rounded. Aperture oval, the bending of the
inner lip in its middle being slight. Height 7.3 millim. Diameter
2 millim. A single specimen.

This species is still living, and the shell, when fresh, is
ornamented with two chestnut spiral bands, the one in the middle
of the whorls and the other near the lower suture. In the fossil
the upper band is distinetly preserved.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui.

Living.—Central Japan.

152. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilia) sagamiana, Yokoyama.

Ply... Wigs a2

Shell small to medium-sized, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls
one and a half, immersed to a greater part in the first post-nuclear
whorl. Post-nuclear whorls nine, flat, somewhat shouldered at the
summit and contracted near the lower suture. The sculpture con-
sists of longitudinal costellee and spiral threads and striae. Costellze

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 105

numerous (over thirty on the body-whorl), weak, obtuse, flexuous,
oblique, wider than interspaces, very indistinct on the last part of
the body-whorl, united a little above the lower suture by a spiral
thread followed below by a suprasutural spiral one. Just above
the upper thread there is a faint impressed spiral line crossing the
costelle. Intervals between costelle furnished with very fine spiral
striations intersecting growth-lines. Periphery, obtusely angulate.
Base convex, with fine spiral line cutting those of growth. Umbilicus
with a small chink. - Aperture ovate, somewhat pointed behind,
produced and rounded in front. Inner lip bent in the middle at a
very broad angle. Outer lip thin. Height 8 millim. Diameter
2. 5 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Rarely at Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

153. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) pacifica, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 13.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls standing on edge
at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls eight, somewhat convex,
longitudinally costellate. Costelle flatly rounded, very slightly
curved or sometimes even a little flexuous, somewhat oblique,
about eighteen on the body-whorl. Interspaces very narrow, much
narrower. than costelle themselves, very finely spirally striate.
Periphery subangulate, the costelle ending at this place. Base
convex, smooth. Aperture subquadrate. Inner lip oblique in the
upper half, vertical in the lower. Outer lip nearly vertical.
Anterior margin of the aperture rounded. Height 9.5 millim.
Diameter 1.2 millim. Rare.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

154. Turbonilla (Cingulina) triarata, Pilsbry.
Pr. V. Big. -14.

Turbonilla (Cingulina) triarata. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Gastr., Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad., Jan. 1904, p. 31, pl. V, fig. am

106 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

A slender shell with flat whorls (post-nuelear thirteen) orna-
mented with three spiral grooves. Sutures channelled. The
largest specimen measures nearly 8 millim. in height and 2 millim.
in diameter. Not rare.

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake, Shisui.

Living.—Western Japan.

155. Turbonilla (Careliopsis ?) obscura, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 15.

A single specimen.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls standing on edge-
at the summit. Post-nuclear whorls six, convex, very finely
spirally striate, the striz crossing the growth-lines and giying the
surface a reticulate appearance which, However, can only be seen.
with a strong lens. Body-whorl comparatively large, about one-
fifth the shell-height. Periphery rounded. Aperture ovate,
produced and rounded in front. Inner lip describing a broad
curve. Outer lip fractured. Height 5 millim. Diameter 1.5-
millim.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

156. Turbonilla (Careliopsis ?) angulifera, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 16.

Shell small, elongate-conic. Whorls about ten, of which one-
and a half are nuclear and smooth. Post-nuclear whorls angulate-
in the middle, the angle becoming gradually obtuse as the whorls.
grow, on the penultimate and ultimate whorls almost obsolete,
so that they look quite convex. Spirally striate; strie about ten,
close, separated only by fine impressed lines. Periphery angulate.
Base flatly convex, smooth. Aperture subquadrate, the inner lip.
being bent at an angle a little greater than a right angle. Outer
lip thin. Height 6 millim. Diameter 1.8 millim. Only two-
specimens, one of which lacks the body-whorl.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 107

Family Turbinide.
Genus TURBO, Linné.

157. Turbo (Marmorostoma) granulatus, Gielin.
Pl Voie 10;
Turbo (Marmorostoma) granulatus. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 89.

Turbo granulatus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 87. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo,
p. 28, pl. I, fig. 59.

Turbo coronatus var. granulata. Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. X, p. 27, pl. 46, fig. 18.
Lunella granulata var. minor. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p, 128.
: Putting aside the question whether Turbo granulatus is an
independent species or merely a variety of Turbo coronatus Gi. as
asserted by some, a single specimen obtained is a depressed-
turbinate shell with about five whorls ornamented with a spiral
series of nodules and granules of which the sub-and supra-sutural
series are the most prominent. On the body-whorl there are four
such prominent series; the uppermost is subsutural, the next
is in the continuation of the suprasutural of the penultimate
whorl, the third is at the periphery and the fourth is somewhat
below the periphery on the base, the place where. the last three: .
are present being more or less angulate. Umbilicus open.

Fossil occurrance.—Narita near Otake.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. China. Indian Ocean.

Genus Leptothyra, Carpented.
158. Leptothyra purpurescens, (Dunkar).

Leptothyra purpurescens. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 99. Tryon, Man, Conch., X, p. 251, pl,
69, fig. 24. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 86, pl. v, fig. 22.
Collonia purpurescens. Dunker Ind. Moll., p. 129, pl. XII, figs. 1—3.

This shell already described by me from the Lower Musashino
of Miyata is very numerous wherever it is found. Yet even the
largest specimen is not larger than that found in the above forma-
tion, being only about 11 millim. in height and diameter.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito (most nume-
rous). Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Japan (Dunker)

a

108 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

159. Leptothyra pygmea, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 17.

Shell small, turbinate. Whorls four, rapidly growing, shoulder-
ed, the surface above the shoulder a little sloping and below an-
gulate in the middle. The sculpture consists of spiral threads
which are commonly alternately large and small. The shoulders
are marked with a large thread above which, that is to say, on the
sloping shelf, there are two larger-ones. The angle below the
shoulder is also marked with a coarse thread. On the body-whorl,
between the shoulder and the angle, there is another coarse thread,
though somewhat weaker, and between the latter and the angulate
periphery there is also a similar one. Between the coarser threads
there is generally found a weaker one as stated above. The base is
flatly convex with several spiral threads. _Growth-lines generally
distinct between the threads and looking like minute striations.
Umbilicus perforate, rather small but deep. Aperture circular.
Height and diameter 4 millim.

Fossil oceurrence.—Tega (frequent).

Living.—Central Japan.

160. Leptothyra crassilirata, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 22.

Shell small, turbinate. Whorls about four, angulate in the
middle with the surface above the angle flat and gently sloping,
below vertical, spirally ornamented with threads and cords which
are altogether five on the penultimate whorl, one at the angle and
two both above and below the same, the two above being weaker
than the other three. On the body-whorl there is another strong
cord at the periphery which makes it angulate. The spaces be-
tween the cords are longitudinally finely striated by incremental
lines. Base abruptly narrowed, rather flattened, with several spiral
threads which gradually diminish in size toward the narrowly
perforate umbilicus. Aperture circular. Height and diameter 3.5
millim.

—
—

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 109

Fossil oceurrence.—Tega (rare)
Living.—Central Japan.

Family Trochide.
Genus TROCHUS, Linné,

161. Trochus spinigera, Yokoyama.

PI, Vo. Hie, 18:

Shell smali, conical. Whorls about six, slightly convex,
furnished with unequal spiral threads set with numerous, close,
pointed, spine-lke tubercles. Each whorl has two main threads
which divide it into three nearly equal parts with a finer thread
on each. Periphery angulate, with a smooth thread on it. Base
flattened, spirally grooved; grooves several, the outermost the
broadest, the other ones being more like impressed lines, although
the innermost one or two are somewhat stronger. Aperture (outer
lip fractured) roundly quadrate. Height 5 millim. Diameter
4 millim.

A single specimen, but very characteristic by its spinose
tubercles.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Genus MENOLIHA, A. Adams.

162. Minolia tasmanica, Tenison-W oods.
Pl. V. Fig. 19.

Minolia tasmanica. Tryon, Man. Conch., XI, p. 263, pl. 61, figs. 38—40.
Margarita (Minolia) tasmanica. Tenison-Woods, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1876, p.
143 (1877)

Shell small, thin, depressed, with a low-conoidal spire. Whorls
about five, terraced above, convex below. Terraces horizontal,
flat or even somewhat concave, with very fine spiral lines. Convex
surface spirally striate; striz equal, close, six on the penultimate
whorl. Periphery rounded. Base convex with several close

spiral strie. Umbilicus open, with walls funnel-like and outer
margin rounded. The walls may be very steep or not; in the first

110 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

ease the hole at the bottom is comparatively large, while in
the second it is comparatively small. Aperture subcircular.
Columella-lip covered with a thin callus. Outer lip thin. Height
3.5 millim. Diameter of shell 4.5 millim. Diameter of umbilical
margin about 1.5 millim.

A few specimens, all of which are smaller than those dedtciined
by Tryon and Tenison- Woods.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shito.

Living.—Tasmania.

Genus SOLARIELLA, Woods.

163. Solariella philippensis, Watson.

Pl. V. Bigs ZA:

Solariella philippensis. Watson, Challenger Gastr., p. 73, pl. VI, fig. 10.

Shell small, turbinate-conie, thin. Whorls about five, sharply.
angulate a little above the middle. Surface above the angle flat,
nearly horizontal or a little sloping, below very steep, flat or very
slightly convex. The sculpture consists generally of two spiral
threads, the one forming the angle and the other situated near the
lower suture. Between these two, there are often one or two fainter
threads which sometimes may become rather coarse. Besides the
spiral threads, oblique lines of growth are everywhere conspicuous,
giving the shell a longitudinally striated appearance. Periphery
angulate with a thread upon it, striated by the above mentioned
lines of growth. Base slightly convex, with a few spiral threads
either on the whole surface or only near the large open umbilicus.
Umbilical margin bluntly angulate. | Umbilical wall very steep
and ornamented with spiral strie crossed by lines of growth.
Bottom-hole tolerably large. Aperture subcircular, with peristome
discontinuous. Outer lip thin. Height and Diameter 4 millim.
The original colour of the shell is preserved in many specimens.
On the terrace above, there are several lathe-shaped dark purplish
blotches in a spiral row. Such blotehes are also found on the

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 111

steep lateral surface near the suture. On the base there is a row
of rectangular patches of the same colour.

Specimens are all smaller than those described by Watson.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (not rare), Tega (rare), Shito (do).
‘Oji (numerous).

Living.—Central Japan. Off Port Phillip, South Australia.

164. Solariella angutata, (Tokunaga).
Pl. V. Fig. 20.
Trochus (Minolia) angulatus. Tokunaga, Foss, Env. Tokyo, p. 36, pl. II, fig. 5.

Shell medium-sized, turbinate-conic, rather thin. Whorls
about six, shouldered; shoulders furnished with a spiral cord, the
surface above the cord being slightly excavated (a character not
distinct in younger whorls), below somewhat convex with four
‘narrow spiral grooves. These grooves make the interspaces look
like broad flattish spiral cords of which the third from above is some
what broader and more elevated than the others. Lines of growth
elevated and prominent on the younger whorls, looking hke long-
itudinal striations. On the body-whorl these lines are not so
prominent, though quite coarse. Periphery rounded. Base convex
with several inequidistant spiral grooves. Umbilical margin round-
ed. Umbilical wall with several spiral grooves, the spaces being
convex, cord-like and often made crenate by coarse lines of growth.
Aperture circular with thin continuous peristome. Height 11
millim. Diameter 12 millim.

The original colour of the shell is present on many specimens
as brown longitudinal streaks.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (very frequent). Oji in Musashi.

Genus TURCICA, A. Adams.

165. Turcica imperialis, A. Adams.
Pl. V. Fig. 23.

Turcica imperialis. A. Adams, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 507. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 98, in Tryon’s Man. Conch., XT, p. 414, pl. 68, figs, 30, 31. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., 10. 91, pl. V. fig. 31.

112 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Trochus imperialis. Tischke, Jap. Meeresconch., IT, p. 67, pl. IV, figs. 5,6. Tokunaga,

Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 28 pl. I, fig. 60.
Trochus adamsianus. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 358, pl. XVI,

fig. 3,
A few specimens.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower
Musashino of Miyata.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Genus CALLIOSTOMA, Swainson.

166. Calliostoma unicum (Dunker), var.

shinagawensis, Tokunaga.
Pl. V. Fig. 25.

Trochus (Calliostoma) shinagawensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 29, pl. I, fig. 4.
Shel! turbinate-conic, pretty solid. Whorls eight, first two
nuclear, smooth and rounded. Post-nuclear whorls shouldered a
little above the middle; surface above shoulder flat, somewhat
sloping, below steep with a slight angulation a little above the
middle. Sculpture: Shoulders as well as angles with a coarse
spiral cord on them; flat surfaces with spiral threads which are
mostly alternately large and small. Of the larger threads, the sub-
sutural one is coarse, somewhat weaker than, or nearly as strong
as, the shoulder-cord, consisting of a series of more or less trans-
versely elongated grains. ‘The coarser threads found on the shelf
above may likewise become granulate, especially on the older
whorls. | Body-whorl angulate, with a strong cord on the angle.
Base convex, with many unequal spiral threads which are often
made graniferous by incremental lines. Umbilicus closed, though -
in some specimens it is excavated. Aperture roundly quadrate.
the breadth being a little greater than the height. Outer lip thin.
Height 21 millim. Diameter 22 millim. In younger specimens,
the cords as well as the threads are much sharper and all granulate.
The figure given by Tokunaga is that of such a specimen.
Tokunaga considered this as a new species, but it is so closely
allied to Calliostoma unicum Dunker (Moll. Jap., p. 23, pl. III, fig.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa, 113

3) living in Northern to Western Japan that it can not be considered
as more than a variety. The chief difference of the fossil is in
the angulation of the whorls being sharp and distinct, while it is
less sharp or even indistinct in the living form. Besides, the fossil
shows on its base spiral threads instead of distant spiral grooves.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui, Tega, Shito
(frequent). Shinagawa (rare).

Genus BASILISSA, Watson.

167. Basilissa ? leviuseula, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 24.

Shell thin, turbinate-conic. Whorls about six of which the first
two are nuclear and rounded. Post-nuclear whorls convex, with
two faint angulations dividing the surface into three nearly equal
parts. Each angulation marked by a fine spiral stria. Surface
between angulations very finely spirally striate, the strie being
visible only with a magnifier. Periphery sharply angulate and
somewhat projecting above the general surface of the body-whorl.
Base convex with very fine spiral lines. Umbilicus provided with
a chink. Aperture irregularly and roundly four-sided. Outer lip
very thin. Height 8 millim. Diameter 7 millim.

A single specimen. The nuclear whorls are coloured dark
brown, while the remaining part is dirty light green. These colours
may be the remains of some original coloration.

Fossil oeccurrence.—Shito.

Genus UMBONITUM, Link.

168. Umbonium giganteuwm, (Lesson).

Umbonium giganteum. Pilsbry in Tryon’s Man. Conch., XI, p. 454, pl. 58, figs. 17-19.
Catalogue, p. 100. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 134. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin.,
p. 94, pl., VI, fig. 5.

Rotella gigantea. Lesson, Tllustr. de Zool., tome 17, 1831. Kiener, Spec. et Icon.
Coq. Viv., p. 16, Pl. 8, fig. 7. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., V, p. 186, pl. 472, figs.
15, 16.

Globulus giganteus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 63.

i114 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

A single specimen, but readily recognized by its smooth
whorls.

Fossil occurrence. —Tega. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

168. Umbonium costatum, (Valenciennes).

Umbonium costatum. Pilsbry in Tryon’s Man. Conch., XI, p. 454, pl. 59, figs. 34, 35.
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 184. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 95, pl. VI, fig. 6.

Rotella costata. Valenciennes in Kiener’s Spec. et Icon. Cog. Viv., p. 10, pl. II, fig. 2.

Globulus costatus. ischke, Jap. Meeresconchylien, I, p. 91. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl.
u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 367.

Many specimens of which one is nearly as large as the preced-
ing species.

Pilsbry in his Catalogue p. 101 mentions Umbonium superbum
Gould as a mere variety of Umbonium costatum. I should go a step
further and make no distinction between the two, as it is impos-
sible to distinguish them when they are present in numerous
specimens. Pilsbry himself says that the only difference is in size,
but even this character fails to be applicable in many cases.

I leave the question open as to whether Umbonium moniliferum
Lam. which is often like U. superbum is a good species or not.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui (do), Kioroshi,
Tega, Shito. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Cyclostrematide.
Genus CYCLOSTREMA, Marryatt.

170. Cyclostrema stillicidiatum, Yokoyama.

Pl. V. Fig. 26.

Shell small, depressed-globose, thick. Whorls three, smooth,
rounded. Body-whorl with a blunt keel a little below the upper
suture, the surface between being shallowly excavate. Periphery
rounded. Base convex, with distinct lines of growth. Umbilicus
open, large, with margin bluntly angulate and wall nearly vertical.
Aperture oval, with the longer axis slightly oblique, sharply round-

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 115

-ed behind, broadly in front.. Peristome continuous, thick. Height
-25 millim. Diameter 2 millim. A single specimen.

This is somewhat like Cyclostrema suleatum, Watson (Chal-
‘lenger Gastr., pl. VIII, fig. 11) which, however, has the umbilicus
‘much larger.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Stomatellide.
Genus STOMATELLA, Lamarck.

171. Stomatella lyrata, Pilsbry.
Pl. VI. Fig. 2.
‘Stomatella lyrata. Pilsbry in Tryon’s Man. Conch., XIL, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 3-5.
Catalogue, p. 104,

A depressed-globose shell with a short spire and three convex,
‘rapidly growing whorls. The sculpture consists of distant spiral
threads with interspaces latticed by oblique raised strie.

Only three specimens, the largest measuring 6 millim. in
‘height and 8.5 millim. in diameter.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Family Fissurellide.
Genus MACROSCHISMA, Swainson.

172. Macroschisma sinensis, A. Adams, var. brevis, Yokoyama.

: Pl. VI. Fig. 3.

Shell oblong with the length a little less than twice the
‘breadth. Lateral margins straight (or very slightly concave),
parallel. Anterior margin rounded, posterior also in general round-
ed, but truncated in its middle portion. Anterior slope somewhat
-convex and a little longer than half the length of the shell. Lateral
slopes straight and flat. Posterior slope very short, a trifle longer
than the eroded portion behind the hole, broad and shallowly ex-
-cavated like a gutter. Hole wedge-shaped with nearly straight

116 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

sides, very narrow in front, gradually becoming broader toward
behind where it is broadly rounded, having the length a little
greater than one-third that of the shell. Peristome horizontal
laterally, curved up both in front and behind, less so ip the former
than in the latter.

Two specimens. The larger shows the following dimensions:
Length 15.5 millim.; breadth 8 millim. ; height 4.2 millim. ; length
of hole 5.5 millim. By comparing it with the typical specimens of
this species (Pilsbry’s Cat., p. 107 and Tryon’s Man. Conch., XII,
p. 190, pl. 59, figs. 56-59), the shell is somewhat shorter, and in
outline more like Macroschisma lischket Pilsbry (Cat., p. 108, pl. VI,
figs. 1-5) which, however, differs from the fossil in many minor.
points.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Lower Musashino of Yoko-.
suka (typical form).

Living.—The typical form of the species lives in Central Japan, _
China, and Singapore.

Genus PUNCTURELLA, Lowe.

173. Punecturella nobilis, (A. Adams).
Pl. VI. Fig. 4.

Puncturella nobilis. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 109. In Tryon’s Man. Conch., XII, p. 231, —
pl. 68, figs. 34-37.

Cemoria nobilis, A. Adams in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., ITI, p. 208, figs. 6-9. Sowerby in
Reeve’s Conch. Icon., XTX, fig. 6. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 154.

A. Adams gives the description of this species as follows:
‘* Flevated-conical,. vertex acuminate, inclined, acute; radiating
ribs strong, equidistant; interstices concentrically striated. Fissure -
narrow, lanceolate. Margin deeply crenulated. | Resembling
Cemoria cucullata Gould, but with the ribs stronger, wider apart
and equal; the apex moreover is considerably more elevated and
acute.’’

Two specimens, the larger of which is only a fragment. The .
other which is 7 millim. long, 6 millim. broad and 5 millim. high,
has about nineteen radiating ribs between which there is alwaysa .
weaker interstitial not attaining the apex.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 117

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.
Living.—Northern Japan.

Genus EMARGINULA, Lamarck.

174. Emarginula vadososinuata, Yokoyama.

Pl. VL Fig. 5.

Shell low-conic, thick, the apex recurved, situated at a little
less than the posterior third of the length of the shell. Sculpture
consisting of numerous riblets latticed by elevated lines of growth.
Riblets unequal especially on the posterior slope where they are
alternately large and small. The riblets of the anterior portion of
the shell are more equal, although occasionally with a fine thread
between. Aperture somewhat elongate-oval, tapering in front.
Slit very shallow, looking like a slight notch. Slit-fasciole a little
elevated, ornamented with raised lamelle. Height 8 millim. Length
23 millim. Breadth 15 millim. Rare.

This shell is like Subemarginula in having the slit shallow,
but the slit-band is elevated and distinct as in Hmargmmula.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Patellide.
Genus HELCIONISCUS, Dall.
175. Helcioniscus pallidus, (Gould).

Helcioniseus pallidus. Pilsbry in Tryon’s Man. Conch, XIII, p. 183, pl. 67, figs. 9, 10.
Catalogue, p. 112. Yokoyama, Foss Miura Penin., p. 101, pl. VI, figs. 16,17.

Patella pallida. Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist., VII, p. 162. Dunker, Ind. Moll.,
p. 156. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 112.

Patella lamanonii. Schrenck, Moll. d. Amur. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 308, pl. XIV,
figs. 6-9.

A single specimen. This species has already been described
from the Lower Musashino in my work above quoted.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata and

-Koshiba.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

118 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Class SCAPHOPODA.
Family Dentalinide.
Genus DENTALIUM, Linné.

176. Dentalium weinkauffii, Dunker.

Pl. VI. Fig. 6.

Dentalium weinkaufiit. Dunker, Ind. Moll, p. 158, pl. V, fig. 1. Pilsbry, Catalogue, .
p. 116. In Tryon’s Man. Conch., XVII, p. 40, pl. II, fig. 26. Yokoyama, Foss.
Miura Penin., p. 102, pl. VI, fig. 19-21.

Dentalium cf. weinkaufiit. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 38, pl. II, fig. 16.

The ribs which are present only on the apical portion of the.
shell are often unequal, being then alternately large and small.

Specimens are very frequent at some places, as at Otake and
Shito.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kioroshi, Tega, Shito.
Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Naganuma, Koshiba,
Kanagawa, and Miyata.

Living. —Central Japan.

177. Dentalium octogonum, Lamarck.

Dentalium octogonum. Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., V, p. 344. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-
conch., II, p. 103, III, p. 75, pl. V, figs. 1-8. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 153. Schrenck,
Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 381. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 95.
Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 33, pl. II, fig. 15. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 103, pl. VI, figs. 22-24.

This Dentalium already known by the names of D. octangula-
tum, D. hexagonum and D. sexcostatum is represented by a few
fragments which are either six-, eight-, or nine-sided. The angles
are ribbed in some specimens, having several finer riblets between.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake and Shito. Oji and Shinagawa.
Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. China, wee
tralia, Ceylon.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 119

178. Dentalium edoense, Tokunaga.

Dentalium edoense. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 34. pl. II, fig. 17. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 103, pl. VI, fig. 28.

This apparently smooth-shelled form is very frequent at some
places, although mostly in fragments.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito. Oji and
Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka
and Naganuma.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

179. Dentalium (Fustiaria) nipponicum, Yokoyama.

Pl. VL. Fig. 7.

Shell rather small, slightly curved, pretty rapidly growing
smooth, circular in section, provided with a deep narrow slit not
quite straight and often with the sides not strictly parallel, some
parts swelling in breadth. Posterior opening narrowed, longly ovate.

The specimens, though numerous, are more or less broken
at the larger end. The largest measures 27 millim. in length, and
3 millim. in diameter (larger end) with the slit 4 millim. in length.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Order —Teleodesmacea.

Family Pholadide.

Genus PHOLAS, Linné.
180. Pholas fragilis, Sowerby.

Pholas fragilis. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol, II, p. 488, 1 . 108, figs. 92, 98. Lischke,
Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 148. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 104, pl. Vi,
fig. 29.

Barnea fragilis, Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 170.

A right valve not quite perfect. Its anterior end is obtusely
pointed.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern and Western Japan. Philippines.

120 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Genus JOUANNETIA, Desmoulins.

1S]. Jouannetia kamakurensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. VI. Fig. 10.

A single fractured mght valve which, however, agrees
exactly with a living shell picked up on the coast of Kamakura.

Shell small, roughly four-sided in outline, with surface
divided into two parts by a mesial groove. The anterior half is
very convex with the dorsal margin very short and _ slightly
concave, and the ventral margin steeply ascending, almost twice
as long as the dorsal, and at first straight, but excavated near the
upper end, so that the front border of the shell becomes pointed,
though blunt at apex. The sculpture consists of concentric and
radiating riblets. The radiating riblets are unequal, rather distant,
about ten in number, alternately large and small in the middle
portion of the surface and quite absent in a small space immedia-
tely bordering the mesial groove. The concentric riblets are close,
rounded and going over the radiating ones, giving them a crenate
appearance. The margin is also crenate. The dorsal margin of
the posterior half of the shell is double the length of that of the
anterior half, scarcely convex, sloping, the meeting point with the
ascending, somewhat undulatory ventral margin being subtrun-
cate. Margin smooth.

The fossil specimen is only 4.5 millim. in length and 3.6
millim. in height, while a recent one from Kamakura is 7.6 millim
by 5.2 millim. | |

Allied to Jouannetia japonica Yokoyama (Fossils from Miura
Peninsula, p. 105, pl. VII. Fig. 5) from the Lower Musashino
which, however, shows a coarser sculpture.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 12]

Family Saxicavide.
Genus PANOPE, Menard.”
Is2. Panope generosa (Gould).

Pl. VI. Fig. 14, 15.

‘Panopea generosa. Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. III, p. 215. Wilke’s
Expedition, p. 385, pl. XXXIV, fig. 507. Otia Conch., p. 165. Brauns, Geol. Env.
Tokio, p. 36, pl. III, fig. 14. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 38. Dall, Tert.
Fauna Florida, pt. IV, p. 830. Arnold, Pal. & Strat. Mar. Plioc. a. Pleist. San
Pedro, California, p, 182.

‘Glycimeris generosa. H.and A, Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll., p. 350. Gabb, Pal. Cal., II,
89. Keep, West Coast Shells, p. 209, fig. 178. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap.,
eer l:

This shell excellently figured by Brauns in his work above
cited is very variable in shape as well as in thickness. The
typical form is rather thin-shelled, nearly equilateral, transversely
oblong, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly subtruncate, with the
proportion .of length to height equal to about 10 to 6.6 on an
average. But there is also a more elongated arcuate form
‘characterized by a thick and solid shell with the length nearly
twice the height.

Dall in his ,,Tertiary Fauna of Florida’’ p. 831, mentions
two varieties of the species which he calls solida and globosa, of
which var. solida seems to correspond to our longer form, although
I can not assert it with certainty, as he does not give figures of his
‘so-called varieties.

In our plate, the typical as well as the longer form is figured.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake (frequent), Tega, Semata.
Also Oji and Shinagawa.

Fossil occurrence in America.—Miocene, Pliocene and
Pleistocene of California.

Living. —Northern Japan. West Coast of N.. America from

Puget Sound to San Diego.

1) Often written erroneously Panopa (Zittel’s Text-book of Paleontology edited by
-Eastman 1913, p. 500).

122 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

Genus SAXICAWA, Fleuriau de Bellevue.

188. Saszxicava orientalis, Yokoyama.

Saxicava orientalis, Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 106, pl. VII, fig. 2, 3.

A left valve much larger than the specimens hitherto:
obtained, but not quite perfect. The general shape and the thin.
state of the shell are, however, alike.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.

Family Corbulide.
Genus CORBULA, Bruguiere.
184. Corbula erythrodon, Lamarck.
Pl. VI. Figs. 8, 9.

Corbula erythrodon. Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., VI, p. 188. Lischke, Jap. Meeres--
conch., I, p. 186. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 176. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 117.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., Corbula, pl. I, fig. 4.

This species is easily recognized by its thick, ovate, nearly
equilateral, carinated shell which is concentrically grooved on the
surface. A perfect specimen with both valves preserved measures
25 millim. in length, 14 millim. in height and 9 millim. in
thickness.

Together with the typical specimens, there occur several
which are rather thin-shelled, but without any marked difference-
in shape. Such thin-shelled ones occur also among the living,
the two being bridged over by intermediate forms.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rare), Kioroshi (do).

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

185. Corbula venusta, Gould.

Corbula venusta. Gould, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VIII, p. 25. Otia Conchologica,.
p. 164. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 505, pl. XXV, figs.
1-4. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 177. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 89, pl. II,
fig. 22. Yokeyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 107, pl. VII, figs. 4-6. Pilsbry,.
Catalogue, p. 117.

This species which is now living in Northern Japan is.
frequent at some localities.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 123:

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kamenari, Tega, Shito.
Ojyi in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka, Koshiba
and Naganuma.

186. Corbula frequens, Yokoyama.

Pl. VI. Fig. 16, 17.

Shell rather thick and solid, triangular in outline, moderately
swollen, inequivalve, subequilateral, anterior side a little longer
than posterior, anterior margin broadly rounded, posterior obliquely.
truncate (the obliquity being very variable; when it is very great,
the truncation becomes indistinct and the posterior end appears
more or less beaked), ventral margin arcuate. Surface with rough
lines of growth making it more or less concentrically undulate.
A blunt keel runs from the beak to the postero-ventral corner of
the shell. Tooth of the right valve strong and triangular, that of
the left smaller and divide 10 two lobes by a groove running
longitudinally. Pallial line distinct, with sinus very shallow.
Anterior muscular impression elongated, with the lower half
broader than the upper, posterior ovate.

The following are some of the measurements:

Length. Height. Depth.

Right valve (very obliquely truncate). 31.4 millim. 23.2 millim. 9.4 millim
moe , (ess a OO Ee 5, ot: 65 =
rs p Ueest. pC ayTraek. is, IG.3 3 ‘Fae

Left » (very obliquely alt 2h: wee at BEB or a

Although the outline is rather variable, the proportion of
length to height is tolerably constant, being 10 to 7.3-7.6.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito (abundant).

187. Corbula ptistulosa, Yokoyama.
Pl, VI. Fig. 18.
Shell moderately thick, transversely ovate, imequivalve,

nearly inequilateral, the beaks being only a little in front of the
middle; anterior margin more or less rounded, posterior obliquely

124 Art, 1—M. Yokoyama:

subtruncate, postero-dorsal convex, antero-dorsal straight, ventral
broadly arcuate; postero-ventral corner bluntly pointed. Surface
with a blunt edge running from beak to postero-ventral angle,
smooth in general, though incremental lines age more or less
rough. Tooth of right valve triangular, with a large fossa behind
it. Pallial line rather indistinct. Anterior muscular impression
elongaied and pear-shaped, posterior more rounded, though with
a short pointed process above. The interior of the shell is marked
with irregularly distributed pits which may be due to the formation
of pearls. . :

In general outline this shell resembles the preceding, but itis
thinner, less triangular, and always provided with the pits above
mentioned which are absent in the other species deseribed in this
paper.

The following are some of the measurements:

Length. Height. Depth.
Right valve 17.9milim. 12.6 millim. 5.3 millim.
: i 1b es Ta 3 4.4 ,,
Left _,, 14.3 ,, ony 4.0 ,,
5 3 53s LOOP" 7 Ae

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (rare), Shisui (do).

Iss. Corbula sematensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. VI. Figs. 19, 20.

Shell rather thin, moderately ventricose, transversely oblong,
nearly equilateral. Right valve a little longer than left, rounded at
both ends, but more sharply so behind, while the left valve has the
posterior border obliquely subtruncate. Surface with faint
radiating striae near the ventral border. An obtuse edge runs
from the beak to the postero-ventral angle, and in the left valve
there is a shallow depression running from the beak to the antero-
ventral corner. Pallial line indistinct. Anterior muscular
impression elongated, posterior more triangular.

The measurements of three valves are as follows:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa, 125°

Length. Height. Depth.
Left valve 14.3 millim. 10.2 millim. 4.] millim.
Right ,, 9.3)1,4) 6.04.» haw
atti, E88, G: ae) ee 3.Oy es

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

189. Corbula pygmea, Yokoyama.
Pl) Vil. “Bigs: 4,°5.

Several specimens, but mostly right valves.

Shell small, thick, swollen, high triangular, somewhat oblique,_
inequivalve, inequilateral; anterior side a little longer than
posterior, anterior border rounded, posterior truncate, postero-
ventral angle roundly angular, ventral border broadly arcuate.
Surface ornamented with regular concentric grooves. Beaks
inflated, with an obtuse edge running to postero-ventral corner.
Anterior muscular impression curved and pear-shaped, posterior:
ovate. Pallial line very shallowly indented, the sinus looking
only like a broad crescent.

A specimen with both valves perfect measures 4.3 millim. in
length, 3.6 millim. in height and 2.7 millim. in thickness.

Some of the specimens have the surface rather smooth, a:
phenomenon probably due to friction.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rather frequent), Kioroshi, Tega.

190. Corbula substriata, Yokoyama.
Pl. VIL Fig. 3.

A single right valve. It is small, thick, ventricose, subqua--
drate, inequilateral, with anterior side shorter than posterior,
rounded in front and quite truncate behind. The postero-dorsal.
angle is obtuse, while the postero-ventral is roundly right-angled.
Ventral margin broadly arcuate. Surface with coarse irregular-
concentric grooves. Beaks large and swollen, a sharp edge
running from them to the postero-ventral corner with a second
but weaker one near the hinge-margin. Between these edges the-
surface is somewhat excavated. Tooth bluntly pointed. Pallial
line distinct, simple. Length 4 millim. Height 3.6 millim..
Depth 2 millim.

126 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

This shell looks like Corbula striata Walther and Boys
(Wood, Crag Moll., II, Bivalves, p. 274, pl. XXX, fig. 3) from
the English Crag, although more quadrate in shape.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Family Myacide.
Genus CRYPTOMYA, Conrad.
191. Cryptomya busoensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. Vil see ae:

Shell small, thin, transversely elliptical, convex, nearly
-equilateral, rounded in front, obliquely truncate behind, the trun-
-cated border forming tolerably sharp angles both above and below.
Antero-dorsal margin arched, postero-dorsal nearly straight,
ventral broadly arcuate. Surface smooth, with beaks small, a
sharp edge running from them to the postero-ventral corner,
behind which the surface is slightly concave. Left valve with a
triangular ligamental spoon and a tooth behind it. Anterior
muscular impression elongated-fusiform, somewhat bent in the
middle, posterior short-fusiform. Pallial line simple.

Specimens are rare. The largest we have is a left valve 18.5
millim. in length, 11 millim. in height and 3 millim. in depth.
“The next largest is a right valve 17.5 millim. in length, 11 millim.
in height and 3.5 millim. in depth.

This species is closely akin to Cryptomya elliptica Adams —
(Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 178, pl. VII, figs. 17-19), but lacks the
radial striations of the latter.

Fossil occurrence-—Otake, Kamenari. Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Mactride.
Genus MACTRA, Linné.
192. Mactra sulcataria, Deshayes.
Pl. Vl: Fig

_Mactra sulcataria. Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 15. Reeve, Conch.
Icon., Mactra, sp. 5. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 570, pl.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 127

XXII, figs. 1,2. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 138. Pilsbry, Cat., p.
118. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 40, pl. II, fig. 26.
‘Trigonella sulcataria. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 182.

This rather thin-shelled species is easily recognized by its
ovately triangular shape, longer than high, somewhat equilateral
and with both extremities rounded, posterior somewhat more
sharply than anterior. Convexity moderate. The surface is
concentrically but unequally grooved. Lunula and area hardly
developed.

The shell attains a large size, the largest in our collection
being 78 millim. in length and 67 millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (in thousands), Kamenari
(frequent), Kioroshi (do), Shisui (do), Tega (do), Shito. Oji and
Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Northern to Western Japan. North China. Possiet
Bay (near Vladivostok).

193. Mactra veneriformis, Deshayes.

M 8 tra veneriformis. Deshayes, Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1858, p. 15. Reeve, Conch.
Icon., Mactra, pl. IX, fig. 78. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 188, Ii, p. 121,
pl. IX, figs. 7, 8. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 38, pl. IV, fig. 17. Tokunaga, Foss.
Envy. Tokyo, p. 40. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 109, pl. VIII, fig. 10.

Trigonella veneriformis. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 182.

This shell, which is found in thousands in the seas near Tokyo,
is represented only by two specimens, a left and a right valve.
Its rarity as a fossil in general is quite noteworthy. When
compared with the preceding species, it is usually somewhat
smaller, but higher and more inflated. :

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Lower Musashino of
Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern to Western Japan.

194. Mactra ovalina, Lamarck.
Pl. VIL. Fig. 12, 13.

Mactra ovalina. Lamarck, Hist. Nat., 2d. Ed., VI, p. 104. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Mactra, pl. XIV, fig. 66. Mart. Chemn. Syst. Conch. Cab., Mactra, p. 69, pl.
XXYV, figs. 1, la, pl. XXVIII, fig. 3.

128 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

The shell is thin, flat, transversely oval, inequilateral with:
the posterior end somewhat gaping. The area is distinct, bounded!
in each valve by a sharp edge running from beak to postero-
ventral corner. Within the area there is an obtuse ridge dividing
the surface into two longitudinal, somewhat concave parts. Lu-
nula present, but indistinct. Beaks very small, approaching.
Surface only concentrically striate. Ligamental pit triangular.
Pallial sinus large and deep, elliptical, reaching somewhat be-
yond the beak.

The largest specimen is a broken right valve 43 millira. in
height. The length, if perfect, would be about 65 millim. The
largest perfect right valve obtained measures 32 millim. in length,
20.6 millim. in height and 5.4 millim. in depth, while the largest
left measures 31.7 millim. in length, 20.8 millim. in height and
5.7 millim. in depth. Rare at all the localities.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Tega. Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan. Puget Sound in Washington.

195. Mactra dunkeri, Yokoyama.

Pl. VIL. Fig. 7,8.

Shell small, rather thin, moderately convex, triangular in
general outline, somewhat longer than high, subequilateral,
anterior end sharply rounded, posterior bluntly pointed, antero-
dorsal border broadly arched, postero-dorsal very convex, some-
what angulate in the middle so as to make the sheli appear ob-
liquely subtruncate behind, ventral broadly arcuate. Surface
smooth bluntly carinated. Pallial sinus moderately deep, finger-
hike.

This shell stands in form between MWacetra straminea (Ind.
Moll, p. 183, pl. VII, figs. 5,6) and J. erossei (Ibid. p. 183, pl.
VII, figs. 1-4) of Dunker, being more triangular than the former
and higher than the latter. Moreover, it is generally smaller.

The fossil specimens, which are pretty frequent, do not attain
more than 7 millim. in length, while the living found in the Sea
of Sagami are somewhat larger. There is a left valve measuring.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 129

11.3 millim. in length, 10.2 millim. in height and 3 millim. in
depth. It is coloured pinkish, especially near the beak.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui (frequent), Tega.

Living.—Central Japan.

186. Mactra sachalinensis, Schrenck var. imperialis, Yokoyama.
Pl. VIL. Fig. 9, 10,

Mactra sachalinensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 89, pl. II, fig. 25.

Shell large, thick, tumid, triangular, anterior side shorter than
posterior, rounded at both ends though generally more sharply
behind than in front, postero-dorsal slope either straight or only a
little arched, ventral margin broadly curved with the anterior half
sometimes less curved or even nearly straight, postero-ventral and
antero-ventral corners generally indistinctly and obtusely angulate.
Surface with very unequal and irregular concentric grooves.
Beaks comparatively small, very obtuse, with indistinct edges
running both to postero-ventral and antero-ventral corners near
which they become more or less distinct. Ligamental pit triangu-
lar, protruding downward far out of the hinge-margin. Anterior
muscular impression fig-shaped, posterior more squarely oval.
Pallial sinus deep, tongue-shaped.

There is a considerable variation in the shape of the shell,
some being more ovate than others.

The figured specimens are very large ones, if not the largest.
The right valve (fig. 10) measures 119 millim. in length, 90.5
millim. in height and 33 millim. in depth, while the left (fig. 9)
which is more triangular in shape is 111 millim. in length, 86,5
millim. in height and 33 millim. in depth. There is also a
broken right valve 110 millim. in height.

Tokunaga identified this shell with the above named species
of Schrenck. But there are several well-marked distinctions
between the two. The fossil shell is more triangular in outline,
with the anterior muscular impression shorter and the ligamental
pit larger and more protruding downward. ‘The pallial sinus,
too, is perhaps a little deeper (Tokunaga figures it as if pointed,

130 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

which is an error). On these accounts, I separate the fossil as
a variety of the living shell.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (frequent), Shisui, Shito. Oji and
Tabata in Masashi.

Genus SPISULA, Gray.
197. Spisula grayana, (Schrenck).

Pl. VIII. Fig. 1, 2.

Spisula grayana, Pilsbry, Cat., p. 119.

Macetra (Spisula) grayana. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 572.
Mactra ovalis. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Mactra, pl. IX, fig. 36.

Mactra ponderosa. Philippi, Abbild., I, Mactra, p. 1 (165), pl. I, fig, 1.

A rather thin, flatly convex, triangular shell with the
anterior side a little longer than the posterior. Both ends
rounded, much more sharply in front than behind. Surface
smooth, only with lines of growth. Pallial sinus deep, finger-
like, subtruncate or rounded at end.

The following are the measurements of the two valves
figured:

Length. Height. Depth.
Right valve 63.0 millim. 45.2 millim. 11.9 millim.
Left __,, Dass Date ef, vary

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (frequent).
Living.—Northern Japan. Okhotsk Sea. Behring Sea.
Massachusetts.

198. Spisula bernardi Pilsbry.

Pl. VIII. Fig. 3, 4.

Spisula (Oxyperas) bernardi. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Pelecypoda, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phil., July, 1904, p. 550, pl. XX XIX, figs. 4-6.
A transversely elongated triangular shell almost twice as
long as high. Surface concentrically grooved, although smooth
near the beaks. Lateral teeth normally crenulate.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 131

Although the shell is generally moderately thick, there are

-occasionally thin shelled specimens among the younger ones.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito (not rare), Kioroshi.
Living.—Western Japan.

Genus RAETA, Gray.

199. Raeta yokohamensis, Pilsbry.
Pl. VIIL Fig. 5, 6.

Fiaeta yokohamensis. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 119, pl. III, figs. 4, 5.

A thin, fragile, white, swollen shell ovately triangular in
shape, compressed, bluntly pointed and a little gaping behind,
‘with the surface concentrically corrugated.

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake (rather frequent), Tega (frequent).
Shisui, Kamenari. Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central Japan (Tokyo Bay).

200. Raeta pellicula, (Deshayes)
Pl. IX. Fig. 6.

_Riaeta pellicula. Pilsbry, Cat. Mar. Moll. Jap., p. 119.
Mactra pellicula. Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 68. Reeve, Conch. Icon.
Mactra, pl. XXI, fig. 124.

An imperfect left valve swollen and rounded in front, some-
what flattened and truncate behind. The thin shell shows
-concentric furrows on the surface. It is 23 (?) millim. long, 18.5
millim. high and 6 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake.

Living.—Japan (according to Reeve).

201. Raeta elliptica, Yokoyama.
Pi VEE hie 7-
Shell thin, fragile, transversely ovately elliptical, inflated,

‘somewhat flattened near the posterior end, with posterior side a
‘little shorter than anterior, rounded at both ends, though some-

132 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

times rather subtruneate behind. Anterior and posterior margins:
more or less straight, going over into lateral margins without any
angulation; ventral margin arcuate, slightly gaping behind. Surface
more or less concentrically corrugated, especially so toward lateral.
margins, somewhat flattened or even excavated a little behind the
middle. Pallial line and sinus generally indistinct, the latter large
but shallow and rounded.

The largest right valve measures 18.2 millim. in length, 13.
millim. in height, 4.1 millim. in depth, while the largest left
measures 14.6 millim. in length, 10 millim. in height and 3.
millim. in depth.

This shell seems to have been more or less hyaline when.
fresh, as some of the specimens show such a character and are-
translucent.

Fossil occurrence. —Tega (very frequent), Kamenari, Kioroshi..

202. Raeta magnifica, Yokoyama.

Pl. VII. Fig. 12, 13.

Shell comparatively large, thin, inquilateral, anterior side-
somewhat shorter than posterior, transversely oval, swollen and
broadly rounded in front, compressed and quickly narrowed
behind, with the end truncate and a little gaping. Surface with
numerous irregular concentric plications. Main teeth rather-
small, two in the left valve and one in the right, the posterior one
in the former being somewhat deltoid in shape. Posterior lateral
tooth very long. Pallial sinus very large and deep, horizontal,
finger-like.

A single shell with both valves perfect. Length 42.5 millim.
of which about 20 millim. belong to the anterior side. Height 37
millim. Thickness 25.5 millim.

This species is somewhat like Raeta anatinoides (Reeve) shown.
in Conch. Icon., Mactra, pl. XXI, fig. 123 from an unknown.
locality, which, however, is more pointed behind.

Fossil occurrence.—Tega (Kizaki).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 133

Genus TRESUS, Gray.

203. Tresus nuttali (Conrad).
Pl. VILL. Fig. 8.

Tresus nuttalt. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 184. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 120. Tokunaga, Foss.
Env. Tokyo, p. 42. Arnold, Pal. a. Strat. San Pedro, California, p. 178.

Lutraria nuttali. Conrad, Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. VII, 1837, p. 285, pl. XVIIT
fig. 1. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 186. Brauns, Geol Env. Tokio, p. 38,
pl. IV, fig. 6.

Lutraria maxima. Middendorff, Mal. Ross., III, p. 66, pl. XIX, figs. 1-4. Reeve,
Conch, Icon., Lutraria, pl. V, fig. 18. Non L. mawima Jonas.

This large shell excellently figured by Brauns is frequent both
living and fossil in the neighbourhood of Tokyo.

Although comparatively thin-shelled in general, some of the
fossil specimens are rather thick and attain the length of 165
millim. with the height of 120 millim.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake (quite frequent), Shisui,
Tega, Shito (frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi.

Fossil occurrence in America.—Plocene and Pleistocene of
San Pedro, California.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Alaska to
San Diego on the west coast of America. :

Genus LU TRARIA, Lamarck.

204. Lutraria maxima, Jonas.
Pl. VIII, Figs. 9, 10.
Lutraria maxima. Jonas, Zeitschr. f. Malak., 1844, p. 34 (non L. maxima Midd.).
Reeve, Conch. Icon., Lutraria, p]. If], fig. 11. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p.
138, Pilsbry, Cat., p. 120.

Characterized by a transversely elongate-oblong, compressed,
very inequilateral shell more than twice as long as high. The
surface is smooth.

This shell is somewhat like Lutraria ovalis Tokunaga (Foss.
Eny. Tokyo, p. 41, pl. II, fig. 28) from Shinagawa which is
possibly identical with Lutraria sieboldi Reeve (no. 15 of his Conch.
Icon.), but it is decidedly longer.

134 ; Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Length. Height. Depth.
Left valve 126.7 millim. 61.2 millim. 13.2 millim.
Richt:..5, °° 4272 /hay 64.3008 ii tea

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (frequent), Kioroshi, Shito.
Living. —Western Japan.

Family Solenide.
Genus SOLEN, Linné.

205. Solen grandis, Dunker.
Pl. IX. Fig. 1.

Solen yrandis. Dunker, Nov. Conch., II, p. 71, pl. XXIV, fig. 5. Ind. Moll., p. 172:
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 141. Mart. u. Chem., Syst. Conch. Cab.,
XI, part 3, Solenacez, p. 18, pl. VII, fig. 1. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 190. ©

This splendid shell is either straightly truncate or slightly
concave in front, while it isrounded behind. ‘The length is 4.3-4.4
times the height. The largest specimen obtained measures 135.
millim. in length, 30 millim. in height and 18.5 millim in
thickness.

Brauns in his ‘‘ Geology of the Environs of Tokio ’’ (p. 56).
says that this species is very frequent at Oji, but as not a single
specimen has since been found, it is very likely that he mistook
the next species for it.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very frequent), Tega.

Living.—Western Japan. Philippines.

206. Solen krusensternii. Schrenck.
Pi. TX, Wig. (5.

Solen krusensternii. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 594, pl. XXV,.
figs. 9-12. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p.190. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 86, pl.
II, fig. 19.
Ensis krusensternit. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 178.
Although smaller in size than the preceding, this species is
comparatively longer, and also somewhat longer than the living.
specimens. Schrenck says that the length is about four times and

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 185

a half the height. But in the fossil specimens the length is gene-
rally five times the height or even a little greater. The upper
margin (hinge-margin) is often somewhat concave, though it is
usually straight.

The fossil specimens are generally somewhat smaller than
the living, the largest measuring 80 millim. in length and 15
millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very frequent), Shisui (do), Kame-
nari, Tega, Shito, (very frequent). Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa in
Musashi. 5

Living.—Northern Japan.*

\

Genus SILIQUA, Mublfeld.
207. Siliqua pulchella, (Dunker).
Pl. IX. Fig 7.

Siliqua pulchelia. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p.121.

Anlus pulchellus. Dunker, Zeitschrift fiir Malakol., 1852, p. 58. Nov. Conch., pt. II,
p. 20, pl. VI, figs. 4, 5. Ind. Moll., p.174. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., IT, p.
124.

Machera pulchella. Clessin, Mart. u. Chem Syst. Conch. Cab., vol. XI, pt. 8, Solenacea,
p- 65. pl. XX, fig. 6.

The shell is thin, fragile, transversely much elongated,
subelliptical, very inequilateral, smooth (in fresh state with fine
radiating lines except on the posterior surface), with a strong inner
rib which runs from the beak to the ventral margin.

Most of the specimens have the length a little greater than
three times the height, but there is one from Tega which is shorter,
the length being not quite three times the height. It is probably
due to variation.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (pretty frequent), Tega.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

* Pilsbry mentions Akashi as one of the habitats of S. krusensternii (Catalogue, p. 190)
on he authority of Stearns. But it is evidently a mistake for Akkesht (Northern Japan).

136 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

Genus SOLECURTUS, Blainville.
208. Solecurtus divaricatus, (Lischke).

Solecurtus divaricatus. Clessin in Mart. u. Chem. Syst. Conch. Cab,, XI, pt. 3, p. 87,
pl. 21, fig. 4. Yokoyama, loss. Miura Penin., p. 112, pl. VII, fig. 14.

Macha divaricata, Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 142, pl. X, figs. 1, 2. Tokunaga,
Foss. Envy. Tokyo, p. 36, pl. I, fig. 20.

Solecurtus (Macha) divaricatus, Pilsbry, Cat., p. 121.

This shell first described and figured by Lischke is pretty
frequent as a fossil. It is readily recognized by its transversely
elongato-oblong form with distant, impressed, radiating lines on
the surface.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (pretty frequent), Tega, Shito.
(Oji in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Genus DONAX, Linne.

209. Donasx introradiatus, Reeve.
Pl. IX. Fig. 8, 9.

Donax introradiatus. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Donax, pl. IX, fig. 65. Romer in Syst.
Conch. Cab., X, part 3, p. 75, pl. XIII, figs, 5-8.

A very young shell with both valves perfect. It is charac-
terized by radiating striee which are also visible from inside. In
the anterior half of the shell, these strize are rather indistinct.
The posterior slope of the shell-margin is convex, with a somewhat
wing-like projection. Ventral margin crenulate within. Length
4.2 millim. Height 31 millim. Thickness 2.4 millim.

fossil occurrence. —Tega.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Psammobiide.
Genus PSAMMOBIA, Lamarck.

210. Psammobia kazusensis, Yokoyama.

Pl. IX. Fig. 4.

Two left valves which, however, are quite characteristic.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 137

Shell moderately large, rather thin, transversely oblong, pretty
tumid, inequilateral, posterior side somewhat more than one and
a half times the length of the anterior, rounded in front, obliquely
subtruneate behind, antero-and postero-dorsal margins nearly
straight and somewhat sloping. Surface with rude lines of growth,
pretty uniformly convex except near the postero-dorsal margin
where it is somewhat flattened. Beaks small. Teeth two, obliquely
directed backward, with the posterior more so than the anterior
which is thick and short while the posterior is thin and long.
Muscular impressions more or less irregularly ovate, with the
posterior broader than the anterior. Pallial sinus large, finger-like,
horizontal and deep, reaching almost to below the beak.

The larger of the two specimens measures 80 millim. in length,
45 millim. in height and 13.5 millim. in depth.

This species closely resembles Psammobia maxima Desh.
(Reeve, Conch. Icon., Psammobia, sp. 4) from. Panama which,
however, is more quadrate and more compressed.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Genus SOLETELLINA, Blainville.

211. Soletellina violacea, Lamarck.
Pl. IX. Figs. 13, 14.

Soletellina violacea. Lamarck, Hist. Nat., Ed. II, vol. VI, p. 60. Delessert, Recueil,
pl. II, fig. 5. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconceh., vol. I, p. 181. Pilsbry, Cat, p. 122.
Soletellina cumingiana. Deshayes, MSS. in Mus. Cuming. Reeve, Conch. Icon.,
Soletellina, pl. I, fig. 4.

Psammobia violacea. Deshayes, in Eneycl. Meth. Vers., III, p. 852. - Philippi, Abbild.,
I, p. 97. Psammobia, I, fig. 2.

Solenotellina violacea. Dunker, Moll. Ind., p. 187.

This transversely oblong flat shell rounded in front and
somewhat obliquely truncate behind is very numerous at some
localities. The violet tint of the living shell is more or less pre-
served also in the fossil. It must here be remarked that the fossil
specimens are somewhat shorter than the living figured by Reeve,
the length being not quite double the height.

138 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

The largest specimens at hand are left valves, one of which:
measures 56 millim. in length and 31 millim. in height, while
another with the same length shows the height of 35 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Northern to Western Japan. Philippines..
Moluccas.

212. Soletellina olivacea, Jay.
Ply Vik Wes Ti ee aes aie

Soletellina olivacea. Jay, Report on Shells coll. by Jap. Exped. of Commodore Perry,
1856, p. 292, pl. I, figs. 8,9. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 131, ITI, p. 98,
pl. VIII, figs. 7-12. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 122.
Solenotellina olivacea. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 188.
Soletellina japonica. Debeaux, Jour. de Conch., II, pp. 245, 254. Reeve, Conch.
Icon., Soletellina, pl. IV, fig. 16.
This shell is shorter and more oval than the preceding. The
right valve is almost flat, while the left is somewhat convex.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui, Shito (very
frequent).
Living.—Northern to. Western Japan. North China.
(Cheefoo).

Family Tellinide.
Genus TELLINA Linné.
213. Tellina jedoensis, Lischke.
Pl. IX. Fig. 15, 16.

Tellina jedoensis. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., vol. Ill, p. 92, pl. IX, figs. 1-3.
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 190. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 124. Brauns, Geol. Eny.
Tokio, p. 89. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 48, pl. II, fig. 81.

Lischke describes this little species as follows:

“Shell oblong, rather thin, swollen in front, compressed
behind. The anterior side is considerably longer than the poste-
rior, the fold being pretty strongly marked. The dorsal margin is:
straight, passing gradually into the well-rounded anterior margin
which also gradually goes over into the ventral; the latter runs at
first almost straight or only slightly curved, and then ascends:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 139-

somewhat upward, making an obtuse angle with the steeply des-
cending, broadly curved posterior margin. The sculpture consists of
fine incremental lines and some still finer radiating ones which
can only be distinguished with a magnifier. The hinge has two
cardinal teeth in each valve and two laterals in the right. Of the
cardinal teeth, the posterior one in the right valve and the
anterior in the left are strong, directed upward and split, while the
other is oblique, narrow and simple. The lateral teeth are thin
and distant from the beaks. The pallial sinus is very large,
almost reaching the anterior muscular impression, its lower border
coinciding with the mantle-line for its whole length....... =

The fossil specimens agree quite well with this, Lischke’s
species.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rare), Tega. (rather frequent).
Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

214. Tellina venulosa, Schrenck.

Plax. Mig. ot:

Tellina venulosa. Schrenck, Moll, Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 556, pl. XX, figs.
2-5. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 192. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 124.

A moderately thick, compressed, broadly triangular shell with
the length a little more than one and a half times the height.
The posterior lateral teeth are absent, while the anterior is single.

The largest specimen attains the length of 100.5 millim.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (frequent), Kioroshi, Tega, Shito.
(frequent).

Living.—Northern Japan. Sea of Okhotsk.

215. Tellina nitidula, Dunker.

Pi Vis. Piast.

Tellina nitidula. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 27, pl. III, fig. 14. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-.
conch., I, p. 129, II, p. 118, pl. X, figs. 10,11. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 39.
Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 42, pl. II. figs. 30 abe. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura.

Penin., p. 112, pl. VII, fig. 15.

140 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

This thin-shelled species already described by Brauns and
Tokunaga from the environs of Tokyo and by me from the Lower
Musashino of the Miura Peninsula is very frequent at some places.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (frequent), Kamenari, Shisui
(frequent), Tega, Shito (very frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in
Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata and Naganuma.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

216. Tellina alternata, Say var. chibana, Yokoyama.

Pl. X. Figs. 5, 6.

Shell rather thin, compressed, transversely elongated, almost
twice as long as high, a little inequilateral with posterior side
somewhat shorter than anterior, rounded in front, obliquely
subtruneate behind. Antero-and postero-dorsal margins nearly
straight; ventral margin broadly arched. Surface concentrically
grooved; grooves rather fine, pretty regular, although often
indistinct through friction. Also fine discontinuous and irregular
radiating lines present. A keel runs from the beak to the
postero-ventral corner, behind which there is a very shallow
depression. Pallial sinus large, deep and oblong. Anterior main
tooth in left valve and posterior main tooth in right valve bifid.
Lateral teeth two, one in front and one behind. Rather frequent.

The largest example is aright valve measuring 49.4 millim. in
length, 26.6 millim. in height and 4.8 millim. in depth. The
largest left measures 45.4 millim. in length, 27 millim. in height
and 4.5 millim. in depth.

This shell still living near our coast agrees quite well with
Tellina alternata Say (Philippi, Abbild., vol. II, p. 23, pl. III,
fig. 1 and Syst. Conch. Cab., Tellina, pl. XXV, figs. 10-15) from
the east coast of the United States in form, the only difference
being the shallower pailial sinus and the absence of radiating lines
in the latter. Therefore I deem it expedient to treat the Japanese
form as a variety of the American.

Fossil occurrence,—Otake, Kamenari, Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 14]

217. Tellina ojiensis, Tokunaga.

Tellina ojiensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 44, pl. II, fig. 84. Yokoyama, Foss.
Miura Penin., p. 113, pl. VII, figs. 16, 17.

A right and a left valve. The former measures 16 millim. in
length, 11.5 millim. in height and 3 millim. in depth, the latter
10.5 millim. in length, 7.6 millim. in height and 1.5 millim. in
depth.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Oji in Musashi. Lower Musa-
shino of Miyata.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

218. Tellina miyatensis, Yokoyama.

Tellina miyatensis, Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 115, pl. VII, fig. 18.

This small transversely elongated shell already described by
me from the Lower Musashino is widely distributed in the Upper.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very mumerous), Kioroshi,
Kamenari, Tega, Shito. Oji in Musashi. Lower Musashino of
Miyata.

219. Tellina delta, Yokoyama.
Pl, X. Figs. 8-10.

Shell small, rather thick, ovately and obliquely trigonal,
moderately convex, nearly equivalve, strongly inequilateral with
posterior side twice as long as anterior, rounded at both ends:
though more sharply in front than behind. Antero-and
postero-dorsal margins nearly straight, meeting at an angle of
about 110° at the beak; ventral margin broadly arcuate. Surface
uniformly convex and furnished with close, regular, concentric
furrows. Cardinal teeth two in each valve, the anterior in the
left and the posterior in the right being larger. Lateral teeth two,
one on each side of the cardinal ones. Pallial sinus large, with
the upper border obliquely ascending and terminating near the
anterior muscular impression with a blunt end.

The shell does not attain more than 8 millim. in length, 6.5.
millim. in height and 3.2 millim. in thickness.

W142 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (very common), Kioroshi, Kame-
nari, Tega (frequent).
Living. —Central Japan (Sea of Sagami).

Genus MACOMA, Leach.

220. Macoma praetexta, (Martens).
Pl. X. Figs. 2, 3.

Tellina praetecta. Martens, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XVI, p. 480. Lischke, Jap.
Meeresconch., vol. I, p. 180, vol. II, p. 113, pl. X, fig. 14. Dunker, Ind. Moll,
p. 190. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 125.

This shell somewhat resembling Tellina nitidula Dkr. in
shape as well as in its thin state is more triangular with the ventral
margin more ascending behind, so that the end appears somewhat
rostrate. The posterior fold is also more distinct than in Dunker’s
species. The lateral teeth are wholly wanting. The posterior
main tooth of the right valve is thick and bifid.

The largest specimen obtained is 31 millim. in length, 20.5
millim. in height and 7.6 millim. in thickness.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito (vather rare at
all these localities). _Dokwanyama in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

221. Macoma nipponica, (Tokunaga).

Macoma nipponica. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 117, pl. VIII, figs. 3, 4.
Tellina nipponica. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 44, pl. Il, fig. 36.
A full description of this species is given in my work above
quoted.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake (not rare), Tega, Kamenari, Shisui,
Shito (very common). Oji and Tabata in Musashi.
Living.—Northern Japan.

222. Macoma inquinata, (Deshayes).

_ Macoma inquinata. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 124. Arnold, Pal. Strat. Mar. Plioc. Pleistoc.

San Pedro, p. 162, pl. XVI, fig. 4. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 117, pl.
VIII, figs. 1, 2.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 143

Tellina inquinata. Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 357. Rémer in Syst.
Conch. Cab., vol. X, part 4, p. 227, pl. 44, figs. 1-4. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 190.
Tellina inquinata var. incongrua. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., vol. II, p. 117, pl. X,
figs. 12, 13.
Tellina incongrua. Martens, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series III, vol. 16, p. 430. Romer
in Syst. Conch. Cab., X. pt. 4, p. 225, pl. 48, fig. 11-18.
Only a small left valve.
Fossil occurrence in Japan.—kKioroshi. Lower Musashino
of Yokosuka and Miyata.
Fossil occurrence in America.—Pliocene and Pleistocene of
San Pedro, California.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Sea of
‘Okhotsk. West coast of America from Alaska to San Diego in
California.

223. Macoma dissimilis, (Martens).

Pl. X. Fig. 4.

Macoma dissimilis. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 125. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 116, pl.
VII, figs. 19, 20.

Macoma nasuta. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 45, pl. II, fig. 2.

Tellina dissimilis. Martens, Ann. Mag., Series ILI, vol. XVI, p. 430.

Tellina nasuta. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 39.

Tellina nasuta var. dissimilis, Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 115, pl. IX, figs.
15-17.

A few examples.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Oji (quite abundant),
Tabata (many) and Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of
Miyata and Yokosuka.

Living.—Central Japan.

224. Macoma secta, (Conrad).

Pl. XL Fig. 1.

Macoma secta. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 125. Arnold, Pal. Strat. Mar. Plioc. Pleistoc. San
Pedro, p. 164, pl. XVI, fig. 5.

Tellina secta. Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., VII, 1837, p. 257. Philippi,
Abbild., II, p. 22, pl. IV, fig. 2. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Tellina, pl. I, fig. 5.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 173.

144 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

The shell is comparatively large, though thin. It is trian-
gular, compressed, rounded in front and bluntly angulate behind.
The height is about three-fourths of the length. Surface smooth.
Growth-lines distinct.

The examples are all left valves. The largest measures 58.7
millim. in length and 43.8 millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake (rather rare). Tega.

Fossil occurrence in America.—Pliocene and Pleistocene of
San Pedro, California.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. California (Bodega Bay
to San Diego).

Family Veneride.
Genus DOSINIA, Scopoli.

225. Dosinia troscheli, Lischke.

Dosinia troscheli. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., ITI, p. 89, pl. VIII, figs. 1-8. Dunker,.
Ind. Moll., p. 208. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 119, pl. VIII, figs. 5,6.
Dosinia exoleta. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 41, pl. VI, fig. 22. Tokunaga, Foss.

Eny. Tokyo, p. 47.

This shell so scarce in the Lower Musashino is of a wide
distribution in the Upper. That Lischke’s species is distinct from
its European ally, Dosinia exoleta L., was explained in my work
above cited.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Kamenari, Kioroshi, Tega,
Shito. Oji (quite numerous), Tabata, Dokwanyama and Shina-
gawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata and Naganuma.

Living. —Central and Western Japan.

226. Dosinia bilunulata, Gray.

Pl. XX. Wigs: 12:13.

Dosinia bilunulata. Gray, Analyst. Quart. Jour., 1838, pars 24, p. 309. Reeve,
Conch. Icon., Dosinia, sp. 22. Romer, Monogr. Dosinia in Nov. Conch., p. 83,
pl. XVI, fig. 1. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 172, III, p. 90. Dunker, Ind.
Moll., p. 208. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 126.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimoea. 145

A large and splendid species easily recognized by its double
lunula, one within the other. There are two valves, a right
and a left. The former is 83.3 millim. long, 82.3 millim. high
and 15.7 millim. deep, while the latter is 74.1 millim. long,
72.6 millim. high and 14.2 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

Genus Cyelina, Deshayes.

w

27. Cyclina chinensis, (Chemnitz).

Cyclina chinensis. Deshayes, Traité Elément., I, pt. 2, p. 626, pl. 14, figs. 20-22.
Pfeiffer in Syst. Conch. Cab., XI, pt. 1, p. 111, pl. II, fig. 5, pl. XXVIII, fig. 1.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 126. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 53.
Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 48. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 119, pl.
XI, figs, 7, 8.

Venus chinensis. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., X, p. 356, pl. 171, fig. 1668.

Only two right valves.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Tabatain Musashi. Lower

Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. China Sea.

Cochin China.

Genus Lucinopsis, Forbes et Hanley.
228. Lucinopsis divaricata, Lischke.

Pl. X. Fig. 7.

Lucinopsis divariata. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 90, pl. VII, figs. 12-14,

A single left valve. It is rather thin, tolerably inflated,
circular in general outline and nearly equilateral. Of the three
main teeth, the middle one is very thick and bifid. The surface-
sculpture has been obliterated by friction. Pallial sinus deep,
ascending, triangular. Length 11.5 millim. Height 10.9 millim.
~ Depth 3.3 millim.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito.
Living.—Central and Western Japan.

146 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Genus MIERETRIX, Lamarck.
229. Meretrix meretria, (Linné).
Pl, XJ. Fig. 4.

Meretrix meretric. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 126. Romer, in Malak. Blatter, p. 45,
Monogr. Venus, p. 27, pl. 8, fig. 1.

Cytherea meretriz. Linné, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 686. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch, I, p.
122, II, p. 108. Dunker, Ind. Moll. p. 199. Pfeiffer m Syst. Conch. Cab., vol.
XI, pt. 1, p. 15, pl. ILL, figs, 4-9. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 53. Tokunaga,
Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 47, pl. III, fig. 5.

Venus (Meretrix) meretriv. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 545.

This well known tumid triangular shell, so common in the
seas around Japan, has already been described by Brauns and
Tokunaga from the fossil layers near Tokyo.

The specimen figured is a large left valve about 84 millim. in
length, 68 millim. in height and 25 millim, in depth. It is markedly
triangular with the curvature of the ventral margin rather small.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (rather frequent), Kamenari,
Kioroshi, Tega (frequent). Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Philippines.
Moluccas. Indian Ocean.

230. Meretria (Callista) chinensis, (Chemnitz).
Pl. XI. Fig. 5.

Meretrix (Callista) chinensis. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 127. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 120, pl. VIII, figs. 9, 10.

Cytherea chinensis. Pfeiffer in Mart. Chemn. Syst. Conch. Cab., XI, pt, 1, p. 31, X,
fig. 2. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 122. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p.
46, pl. III, fig. 4.

Callista chinensis. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 200.

Venus chinensis. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., XI, p. 227, pl. 202, fig. 1976.

Specimens are quite frequent. The largest is from Shito,
measuring 120 millim. in length and 85 millim. in height.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (common), Tega, Kamenari, Shisui,
Shito (rather frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower
Musashino of Naganuma. .

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. China Sea.
Australia. ;

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. | 147

Genus SUNETTA, Link.

231. Sunetta excavata (Hanley).
Pl. XI. Figs. 6, 7, 8.

“Sunetta excavata. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, p. 428. Pfeiffer, Syst. Conch. Cab., XI,

pt. 1, p. 83, pl. XXTX, fig. 4. Dunker, Ind. Moll. p. 201. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 127.

Cytherea excavata. Hanley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, p. 123, Descript. Cat., p.

109, pl. 15, fig. 19.

Meroe ewcavata. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., II, p. 610, pl. 126, figs. 18, 14. Reeve, Conch.
Icon., Meroe, pl. III, fig. 11. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 110.

Sunetta menstrualis. Romer, Monogr. Venus, II, p. 13, pl. IV, fig. 2. Pfeiffer, Syst.
Conch. Cab., XII, pt. 1, p. 85, pl. XXIX, figs. 10, 11, 12. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 127.

Cytherea menstrualis. Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., sp. 43. Philippi, Abbild., IT, p. 96, no.

8, Cytherea, pl. IV, fig. 3.
Meroe menstrualis. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., II, p. 742, no. 8, pl. 168, fig. 17. Reeve,
Conch, Icon , Meroe, pl. III, fig. 9.

, Meroe magnifica. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Meroe, pl. I, fig. 2.

Lischke unites the two species of Sunetia excavata Hanley and
Sunetta menstrualis Menke into one, and quite rightly. I have a
few large specimens which are typical Sunetta menstrualis and

‘many small ones which can be assigned to S. exeavata. The
former are up to 57 millim. in length, roundly oval in form,
‘compressed and rounded at both ends, the anterior more sharply

than the posterior, while the latter are more oblong or elliptical

‘in shape, with the posterior end mostly truncate or subtruneate
-and smaller in size, usually being less than 20 miliim. in length.

But on examining the young specimens of the living shell, I was
convinced that the form gradually passes from the one into the
other, so that there is no reason for separating the two.

Pfeiffer in ‘‘Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet’’ above cited

- mentions the fine radiating lines of Sunetta menstrualis as one of the
-distinetions from the other species, but as such lines are very

indistinct in young specimens, they can not be of much value in
distinguishing the two.
The largest left valve measures 57.1 millim. in length, 47.2

-moillim. in height and 10.5 millim. in depth, while the largest
‘right measures 54.3 millim. in length, 45 millim. in height and
°9.5 millim. in depth.

148 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (numerous), Kioroshi, Kamenari
(frequent), Tega.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. South

Australia.

Genus VENUS, Linné
232. Venus (Mercenaria) stimpsoni, Gould.
Pl. XI. Figs. 11, 12.
Venus (Mercenaria) stimpsoni. Gould, Otia Conch., p. 169. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio,.
p. 40, pl. V, fig. 21. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 604.
Venus stimpsoni. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 46.

Shell solid, rather compressed, ovately triangular, broader
than high, bluntly angular behind, very inequilateral, the beaks
being near the anterior margin. Surface ornamented with thin,
erect, concentric lamellae. Lunula deep, well bounded, longly
cordate. Area very long, rather distinctly bounded, taking nearly
the whole length of the postero-dorsal slope of the shell. Of the
three strong main teeth, the middle one in the left valve is bifid,
while in the right the middle as well as the posterior are bifid.
Pallial sinus small, shallow, triangular. The inner margin of the
shell is finely crenulate, though Gould calls it simple.

The largest specimen obtained is a left valve measuring 95.
millim. in length, 80 millim. in height and 25 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui (do), Shito (do).
Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Northern to Western Japan.

233. Venus jedoensis, Lischke.

Venus jedoensis. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 84, pl. VII, figs. 1-9. Dunker, Ind.
Moll., p. 196. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 127. Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 120, pl.
VIII, figs. 9, 10.

This shell fully described by Lischke is readily known by
its rather thick, tumid, transversely and shortly oval, inequilateral
form with radiating ribs crossed by concentric lines of growth.
Lunula cordate bounded by distinct grooves. Inner margin
crenulate. Pallial sinus moderately deep, narrowing towards its.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 149

end which is bluntly pointed. Of the three main teeth, the middle
in the left valve and the middle and the posterior in the right are
bifid.

The young specimens of this species are more rounded in out-
line than the adult.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (not rare), Kioroshi, Tega. Lower
Musashino of Miyata and Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

234. Venus neastartoides, Yokoyama.

Pl. XI. Figs. 9, 10.

Shell small, thick, rather compressed, triangular. Anterior
side only a little longer than posterior. Anterior end sharply
rounded. Antero-dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping. Postero-
‘dorsal and posterior margins together forming a broad curve.
Postero-ventral corner obtusely angulate. Surface smooth, only
with lines of growth. Beaks small, pointed, curved in. Teeth
three in each valve with the middle one thickest. No lunula.
Inner margin smooth. — Pallial sinus shallow, triangular, blunt at
-end. The largesteright valve measures 20.3 millim. in length, 15.6
millim. in height and 5 millim. in depth, while the largest left
measures 19.4 millim, in length, 14.6 millim. in height and 4.3
millim. in depth.

The compressed state of this shell reminds us of the genus
Astarte, but as the name astartoides is already used by Beck,
neastartoides was chosen as the specific name.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Kamenari (do), Tega
(do), Kioroshi (most frequent), Shito (rare).

Living.—Central Japan.

Genus CHIONE, Megerle von Muhlfeldt.

235. Chione isabellina, (Philippi).

-Chione isabellina. Deshayes, Conch. Brit. Mus., I, p. 124, no. 17. Dunker, Index Moll.,
p. 198. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 121, pl. VIII, fig. 13.

150 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Venus isabellina. Philippi, Zeitschr. f. Malak., p. 188, no. 65. Abbild., III, p. 83, no._
5. Venus, pl. X, fig. 5. Pfeiffer in Syst. Conch. Cab., XI, pt. 1, p. 194, pl. 25,.

fig. 9.
Venus foliacea. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 46, pl. III, fig. 3, (mon V. foliacea-

Phil).

Tokunaga mistook this shell for Chione foliacea Phil. which
has the inner margin crenulate and not smooth as in the present
species. The shape is also somewhat different, the height being”
somewhat greater in Chione isabellina.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (rare), Shisui, Tega. Oji and.
Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Living. —Japan (according to Dunker). China Sea.

236. Chione mindanensis, Smith.
Pl, XI. Figs. 2, 3.

Venus (Chione) mindanensis. Smith, Challenger Report, Lamellibr., p. 130,. pl. ILJ,.
figs. 4, 4 b.

The shell is small, rather thin, moderately convex, inequi-
lateral, subquadrate in outline, the four sides being formed by the:
postero-dorsal, posterior, anterior and ventral margins, of which
the first is the shortest and the last the longest. The antero-dorsal.
and anterior margins together form a curved line, while the.
posterior is only slightly arched, meeting with the ventral usually
in a rounded right angle. The surface has a blunt edge running,
from the beak to the postero-ventral corner, the part behind which
is slightly depressed in the middle. The sculpture consists of
radiating riblets and concentric lamellae. The former are rounded.
and generally furnished with an interstitial one which is either
indistinct or obsolete near the beaks, while the latter are elevated,
variable.in number, and at unequal distances from one another.
Lunula longly ovate, distinctly bordered by grooves and ornamented.
With a few radiating riblets. Shell-margin finely crenulate. Teeth
three in each vaive, the middle one being the strongest. As to-
the laterals, there is only one in the anterior part of the right
valve, which is thin and rudimentary. Pallial sinus very shallow,.
broader than deep, narrowed at end.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 151

Length. Height. Depth.
Right valve 9.2 millim. 7.8 millim. 2.6 millim.
Left. _,, She? dl, Cat 2 re Nh),

This shell has not yet been reported from Japanese waters.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito (very common).

Living. —Off Mindanao of the Philippines at the depth of 82
fathoms.

Genus VENERUPIS, Lamarck.

237. Venerupis semipurpurea, (Dunker).
Pl. XI. Figs. 1, 2.

Venerupis semipurpurea. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 129.
Rupellaria semipurpurea. Dunker, Ind. Moll. p. 208.

This shell which is more or less variable in outline may be
described somewhat as follows:

Shell usually rather thin, convex, transversely elongated,
oblong, inequilateral, rounded in front, more or less truncate.
behind. Dorsal margin more or less straight and mostly parallel
with ventral margin. Surface with a blunt edge running from
beaks to postero-ventral corner. The sculpture consists of numer-
ous, close, flexuous, radiating riblets crossed by rude lines of
pgrowth. Of the three teeth present in each valve, the middle
one is thick and bifid. Pallial sinus deep, reaching the middle of
the valves, with the upper border horizontal and the lower oblique,
so that the end becomes bluntly pointed.

The variability of the shell lies in its length (sometimes
double, sometimes not quite one and a half times the height), in
the degree of the parallel state of the dorsal margin with the ventral
as well as of the inequilateral state and depth, in the shape of
the anterior end (rarely truncate), ete.

The living specimens of this shell are coloured purplish in the
hinder part, while the remaining parts are more or less white.
Dunker in deseribing this species did not give any figure.

The following are some of the measurements:

152 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

Length. Height. Depth.

Left valve. 39.2 millim. 22.2, millim 9.6 millim.
iy ss 3955 4 16318, 6a ,
Right _,, BAD) 5; 1833 ©), 43 B.68. 3
‘5 Pe 34.8 ,, 2 Ae Sa

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (rather rare), Narita, Kamenari.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

Genus TAPES, Megerle von Muhlfeldt.

238. Tapes euglyptus, (Philippi).
Pl. XII. Fig. 8.

Tapes euglyptus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., vol. I, 119, III, p. 80, pl. V, figs. 8-10.
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 206. Pilsbry, Catal, p, 129. Tokunaga, Foss. Env.
Tokyo, p. 50, pl. III, fig. 8.

Venus euglypta. Philippi, Abbild., III, p. 76, pl. VII, fig. 3.

A fragment of a left valve. Yet the coarse concentric grooves
as well as the general outline leave no doubt of its being the above
named species.

Fossil occurrence. —Kioroshi. Shinagawa in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

239. Tapes philippinarum, (Adams et Reeve).
-

Tapes philippinarum. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconchylien, I, p. 115, II, p. 108, III, p. 78.
. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 180. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 125, pl. IX, fig. 6.
Venus philippinarum. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Moll., p. 79, pl. XXII, fig.
10.

Venus decussata. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 538.
Tapes decussatus. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 53.

This shell which is closely akin to the following is represented
by a few examples.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shito. Tabata and Dokwanyama
in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.’

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Philippines.
Indian Ocean.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 153

240. Tapes variegatus, Hanley.

Tapes variegatus. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., LI, p. 696, pl. 151, figs. 133-138. Lischke,
Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 118, II, p. 108, ILI, p. 79. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 209.
Pilsbry, Cat., p. 180. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 125, pl. IX, figs. 4,5.

Very frequent at some localities.

This species is distinguished from the foregoing by its longer
and less-inflated shell, The radiating riblets of the surface are
similarin both. The size attained by fossil specimens is moderate.
The largest left valve is 52.5 millim. long, 35.3 millim. high and
12.5 millim. deep. |

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very frequent), Tega (do), Kioro- ~
shi, Kamenari, Shisui. Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines.

Genus SAXIDOMUS, Conrad.

241. Saxidomus purpuratus, (Sowerby).
Pl. XII. Fig. 9.

Saxidomus purpuratus. Deshayes in Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus., p. 1388. Lischke, Jap.
Meeresconch., vol. I, p. 127. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 206. Brauns, Geol. Env.
Tokio, p. 40, pl. V, fig. 20. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 127, pl. IX, fig. 8.

Savidomus nuttali. Conrad, Jour. Acad. Sci., Phil, 1887, VI, p. 249, pl. XX, fig. 12.
Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 253. Tokunaga, Foss. Env.
Tokyo, p. 45.

Several splendid examples from several localities.
Fossil oecurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kioroshi, Shito. Oyji and

Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Ogasawara-
jima or Bonin Islands. Indian Ocean. Sitka, California, Chile.

Family Cardiide.
Genus CARDIUM, Linne.
242. Cardium burchardi, Dunker.
Pl, XI. Fie. 3.

Cardium burchardi. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 210, pl. XVIII, figs. 4-6. Pilsbry, Catalogue,
p. 181.

154 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Two right valves and one left.

The shell is somewhat obliquely ovate, higher than long,
moderately convex and ornamented with straight, rounded,
radiating ribs separated from one another by deep narrow grooves:
and numbering a little over forty. The ribs found néar the extreme
end of the flattened posterior surface are accompanied by fine
riblets which are roughly crenate, or even spiny, toward their
lower ends.

The larger of the two right valves is 63.3 millim. in height,.
59.7 millim. in length and 20.5 millim. in depth, while the
smaller has the posterior and postero-dorsal margins more arched
and is comparatively higher and less deep, being 20.8 millim. in
height 20.6 millim. in length and 5.6 millim. in depth. The
left valve is 37 millim. in height, 36 millim. in length and 11.5.
millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence. —Kamenari, Tega.

Living. —Central and Western Japan.

243. Cardium californiense, Deshayes.

Cardium californiense. Deshayes, Revue Zool., p. 1. Soc. Cuvierienne, p. 360. Mid-
dendorff, Sib. Reise, Meeresmollusken, p. 218, pl. XTX, figs. 6-11. Mal. Ross., II,
p. 40, pl. XV, figs. 283-25. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap, Meeres, p. 514.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 144, ITI, p.125. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p.
42. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 127, pl, IX, fig. 10.

The specimens, though numerous, are mostly small. But
there is a broken right valve from Shisui measuring 40 millim. in
height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui, Tega, Shito-.
(frequent). Oji and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miyata and
Yokosuka.

Living. —Northern, Central and Western Japan. Behring
Sea. British Columbia. California.

244. Cardium muticum, Reeve.
Pl. XI. Fig. 7.

Cardium muticum. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Cardium, pl. VI, fig. 32. Lischke, Jap.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 155>

Meeresconch., I, p. 144. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 42. Tokunaga, Foss. Env.
Tokyo, p. 50, pl. ILI, fig. 10. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 212. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p.-
131. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 128, pl. IX, fig. 11.

Cardium japonicum. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 28, pl. III, fig. 16.

Cardium papyraceum. Romer in Syst. Conch. Cab., X, pt. 2, p. 78, pl. III, fig. 4, pl.
XII, figs. 19, 20.

The figured specimen is a large right valve 83.5 millim. in
length and 72.5 millim. in height.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake (common), Shisui, Kamenari,.
Tega (frequent). Oji and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miya-
ta, Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Philippines.
East Indies.

245. Cardiwm modestum, Adams et Reeve.

Cardium modestum. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Zoology, p. 77, pl. XXII.
fig. 6. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 211. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 1381. Yokoyama, Foss.
Miura Penin., p. 128, pl. IX, figs. 12, 13.

This shell frequent in the Lower Musashino of Koshiba is.
rare in the Upper.
Living.—Central Japan.

246. Cardium braunsi, Tokunaga.
Pl. XII. Fig. 2.
Cardium braunsi. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 51, pl. II, fig, 11, Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 129, pl. X, fig. 1.

That this species is akin to Cardiwm tuberculatum L. and
Cardium nuttali Reeve has already been mentioned in my work
above cited. The specimens which are rather rare are more or
less decorticated on the surface. The largest specimen obtained.
is a right valve measuring about 91 millim. in length and height,
and 34 millim. indepth. The ribs number twenty-four on an aver-
age and are made crenate near the ventral margin by rude lines of
growth, a character which brings the species closer to the species
of Reeve as well as of Linné.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Tega, Shito. Oji in Musashi.
Lower Musashino of Miyata.

156 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama;

247. Cardium tokunagai, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIU. Figs. 4, 5, 6.

Shell rather thin, tolerably inflated, suborbicular, a little
broader than high, anterior border somewhat more broadly round-
ed than posterior, slightly inequilateral and oblique. The sculpture
consists of about twenty-four broad, elevated, rather flatly topped,
finely and indistinctly crenate ribs separated by somewhat broader
and deep valleys. Beaks small, approaching. Inner margin
coarsely crenate.

The following are some of the measurements of isolated

valves: ‘
Length. Height. Depth.
Left valve 26.9 millim. 24.4 millim. 8.6 millim.
= 3. ca | Di ae ye
Right ,, OB O.5105, 959.4, 10430 3
R . B53: x55 BBTit 45 BHo'h Zs

The surface in most specimens is more or less decorticated,
the crenate character of the ribs being most marked in such. As
to the shape, there is some variation. In some examples both
anterior and posterior ends are equally rounded, while in others the
posterior is subtruncate. Fig. 4 represents a right valve with such
a subtruneate posterior end. It is ovate in shape and somewhat
different in appearance from the typical form. I believe it is only
an abnormal one, but should it prove to be constant in character I
would propose for it the name of var. ovata. The specimen meas-
ures 30 millim. in length, 26.5 millim. in height and 10.5 millim.
in depth. The ribs number twenty-three and are to a greater
part decorticated.

The typical form of the species is allied to Cardiwm sinense
Sowerby (Syst. Conch. Cab. Mart. Chem., Cardium, p. 73, pl.
XII, figs. 11, 12) in which, however, the lunula as well as the
area are well developed.

Tokunaga in his “‘ Fossils from the Environs of Tokyo”
seems to have mistaken this shell for Cardium californiense Desh..,
as can be judged from his figure (pl. III, fig. 9). The two species

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 157

are indeed somewhat alike, but a closer examination shows that
Cardium califormense is flatter and longer.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (numerous), Shito, Shisui, Tega.
Oji (very frequent).

Family Leptonide.
Genus MONTACUTA, Turton.

248. Montacuta japonica, Yokoyama.

Pl. IX. Figs. 2, 3.

Shell very small, rather thin, moderately inflated, transversely
oval, very inequilateral with anterior side only about half as long
as posterior. Anterior dorsal margin steeply sloping, slightly ex-
cavated, meeting nearly at a right angle with posterior dorsal which
is less steep and somewhat convex. Anterior and posterior ends
rounded, the former a little more sharply than the latter. Surface
only with lines of growth. Beaks small, pointed. Muscular and
pallial impressions distinct. Length 3.5 millim. Height 3.1 millim.
Depth of each valve about 1.1 millim.

This species closely resembles Montacuta bidentata Mont.
(Wood, Crag Moll., Biv., p. 126, pl. XII, fig. 17) of the English
Crag, which is still living in the British seas. The English
species, however, is larger and more rhombic in outline, with the.
dorsal and ventral margins subparallel.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Shito. Oji (numerous).

Living.—Central Japan. :

249. Montacuta oblongata, Yokoyama.
Pl, XIIL Figs. 9, 10:

Shell very small, thin, compressed, transversely oblong,
very inequilateral, rounded at both ends, a little more sharply in,
front than behind. ' Dorsal and ventral margins subparallel.
Surface smooth. Beaks small and pointed, with an obtuse keel.
running to postero-ventral corner. Left valve with two diverging.
teeth which are very distinct. Length 4.5 millim. Height 3.1
millim. Depth of each valve about 1.0 millim. Very rare.

158 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

In shape this shell is much like Montacuta (?) donacina Wood, —
var. (Crag Moll., Bivalves, p. 131, pl. XI, fig. 3 a.) from the
English Coralline Crag.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Oji in Musashi.

250. Montacuta? yamakawai, Yokoyama.

Pl, IX. Fig. 10.

A few right valves.

The shell is very small, rather thin, compressed, transversely
oblong, with the anterior border more sharply rounded than the
posterior, and somewhat inequilateral, the anterior side being a
little shorter than the posterior. The ventral margin is generally
only slightly arched or straight or even concave, being as a whole
subparallel with the very broadly arched dorsal margin. Surface
with very faint radiating lines, only visible with a magnifier. Hinge
with two diverging teeth and a triangular vacancy between.

One of the specimens measures 4.5 millim. in length, 32
millim. in height, and 0.9 millim. in depth, while another measures
3.6 millim. in length, 2.7 millim. in height and 0.6 millim. in
depth.

The shell resembles in form the right valve of Kellia suborbi-
-cularis Mont. figured in Wood’s Crag Mollusca (Bivalves, pl. XII,
fig. 8b), though the hinge is quite different.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui.

Genus THYASIRA, Leach.

251. Thyasira trigonata, Yokoyama.

‘Pl. IX. Figs. 11, 12.

Shell small, rather thin, ovately triangular, moderately
swollen, very inequilateral, posterior side being about two anda
half times as long as anterior, sharply rounded in front, bluntly
pointed behind. Antero-dorsal margin concave, postero-dorsal
broadly convex, ventral strongly arcuate. Beaks small but con-
spicuous, bent forward. Surface with a weak posterior flexure,
the furrow being very broad and shallow. The sculpture consists

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 159

of concentric strie with fine radiating lines. Lunula ovate, deep

and sunken. Muscular as well as pallial impressions obsolete.
One left and two right valves. The former measures 4.7

millim. in length, 3.9 millim. in height, and 1.3 millim. in depth,

while one of the latter measures 5.3 millim. in length, 4.9 millim.
in height and 1.9 millim. in depth.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito.

Family Diplodontide.
Genus DEPLODONTA, Broun.

252. Diplodonta usta, Gould.
Pl. XIII. Fig. 3.

Diplodonta usta, Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 188. Yamakawa, On Diplodonta usta Gld.
(Japanese), Journ. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 1909, vol. XVI, p. 482, pl. XIV, figs. 1-10.
Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin, p. 130, pl. IX, figs. 14, 15. 16.

Mysia (Felania) usta. Gould, Otia Conch., p. 170.

Mysia pacifica. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tolxyo, p. 53.

Diplodonta trigonula. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 44, pl. VI, ffg. 25 (non D. trigonula
Broun).

This shell has already been described in my work above
cited. The specimens are very frequent, much more so than in
the Miura Peninsula. There is some variation in form.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (very frequent), Shisui (do), Ki-
oroshi, Tega, Shito (very frequent). Oji in Musashi. Lower
Musashino of Miyata. |

Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

253. Diplodonta japonica, Pilsbry.
Diplodonta japonica. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 182, pl. III, figs. 6,7. Yokoyama, Foss.
Miura Penin., p. 131, pl. X, fig. 4.

This shell so rare in the Lower Musashino is quite common
in the Upper.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake. Kioroshi, Kamenari. Lower Mu-
sashino of Naganuma

Living.—Central Japan.

160 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

254. Diplodonta semiaspera, Philippi.
Pl. XIV. Fig. 2.
Diplodonta semiaspera. Philippi, Archiv. f. Naturgesch., I, 1836, p. 225, pl. VII, fiig. 2.
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 48. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 131, pl. X, figs. 2,8.
Mysia aff. semiaspera. Tokunaga, Foss, Env. Tokyo, p. 58, pl. III, fig. 18.

This species which resembles the preceding in outline is
thinner, flatter and grows larger with beaks smaller and less
swollen. There is a large right valve measuring 34.4 in length.
The figured specimen is also a comparatively large one measuring
29.5 millim. in length, 27.2 millim. in height and 10 millim. in
depth. Rather frequent.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito. Oji in Mu-
sashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata and Koshiba.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. West Indies. Ma-
zatlan. Patagonia.

Family Lucinide.
Genus LUCINA, Bruguiere.
255. Lucina pisidium, Dunker.

Lucina pisidium. Dunker, Moll. Jap., p. 28, pl. III, fig. 9. Ind. Moll., p. 216.
Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., vol. II, p. 133. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 183. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 182, pl. X, fig. 6.

Iucina parvula. Gould, Otia, Conch., p. 174.

Rather rare,

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega. Oji. Lower Musashi-
no of Miyata, Yokosuka and Naganuma,

Living,—Northern, Central, Western and Southern Japan,

New South Wales.

256. Lucina borealis, (Linné).

Lucina borealis. Forbes and Hauley,. Brit. Moll., II, p. 46, pl. 85, fig. 5. Wood, Crag
Moll., Biv., p. 189, pl. XII, fig. 1. Nyst, Conch. Tert. de la Belgique, p. 176, pl.
XIX, fig. 2. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 44. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo,
p. 52. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 188, pl. X, fig. 7

Venus borealis. Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1184.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 161

This well known Altantic shell not mentioned in any work
relating to the recent conchology of Japan hitherto published is
frequently met with living in the seas near Sagami (Central Japan).
The fossil specimens are also common in the Upper Musashino as
already pointed out by Brauns and Tokunaga.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake (common), Tega, Shisui,
Shito. Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miyata,
Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Fossil occurrence in Europe.— Pliocene and Glacial of Eng-
land. Pliocene of Belgium and Italy. Miocene of Austria, Poland,
Switzerland, Russia, ete.

Living.—Central Japan. Atlantic from Iceland to the Medi-
terranean Sea.

257. Lucina contraria, Dunker.

Lucina contraria. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 215, pl. XIII, figs, 12, 13,14. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 134, pl. X, fig. 8.
Lasea striata, Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 53, pl. IIT, fig. 14.

What Brauns described as Lasea rubra Mont. in his ‘‘Geology
of the Environs of Tokio”’ p. 43, without giving any figure, seems
to be this species.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (common), Kioroshi, Kamenari,
Tega (frequent). Oji and Shinagawa in Musashi. Lower Musashi-
no of Miyata.

Living. —Central Japan.

Family Chamide.
Genus CHAMA, Linneé.

258. Chama semipurpurata, Lischke.
Pl. XIII. Fig. 5.

Chama semipurpurata. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., II, p. 180, pl. VIII, ‘fig. ‘1.
Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 184. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 136, pl. X, figs.
18, 14.

A single upper and a single lower valve of two young indivi-
duals.

162 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

The lower valve is nearly elliptical in outline, with coarse
corrugated concentric laminee on the free portion of the shell. The
inner margin is.finely crenulate up to near the beak at the anterior
side. Length 19 millim. Height 25 millim. |

The upper valve is suboval in form and very small, only 4.1
millim. in length and 2.7 millim. in height. The sculpture
consists of coarse concentric laminze which in the lower two-thirds
of the surface give out tubiform processes or spines.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Central to Southern Japan. .

Family Carditide.
Genus VENERICARDIA, Lamarck.

259. Venericardia cipangoana, Yokoyama.
Pl, XII Fig. 4.

Venericardia cipangoana. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 187, pl. XI, Fig. 2.
Venericardia compressa. Yokoyama, Verst. a. d. jap. Kreide, Paleontographica,
XXXVI, p. 196, pl. XXV, fig. 4.

A full description of this species was given in my work on the
fossils of the Lower Musashino above cited.

The figured specimen is a large left valve from Otake, 34.2
millim. in length, 28.7 millim. in height and 9.7 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence. — Otake, Kioroshi. (common), Shisui,
Kamenari, Tega, Shito (very common). Lower Musashino of
Miyata and Naganuma. Miocene(?) of Poronai in the Hokkaido.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

260. Venericardia ferruginea, (Adams).

Venericardia ferruginea. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin,, p. 189, pl. XI, figs. 3, 4.
Cardita ferruginea. Clessin, in Syst. Conch. Cab. Mart. Chemn., pt. 1, p. 17, pl. VI,
fig. 11. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 135.
Cardita rotunda. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 55, pl. III, fig. 17.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Kamenari, Shito (very common).
Oji and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka,
Koshiba and Naganuma.
Living.—Northern Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 163

261. Venericardia toneana, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIII. Figs. 6, 7.

Shell very small, thick, triangularly ovate, moderately
-convex, somewhat oblique and inequilateral with anterior side
shorter than posterior, rounded in front and behind. Antero-
and postero-dorsal margins straight, meeting each other at
somewhat less than a right angle, so that the beaks appear
pointed. Surface radiately ribbed; ribs about thirteen in number,
flatly rounded, separated by very narrow valleys, crenulate. Inner
margin coarsely crenate. Lunula longly ovate, distinct, smooth.
Main teeth accompanied by an anterior lateral. Length 2.2
-millim. Height 2.1 millim. Thickness 1.7 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega, Shito (numerous). Oji.

Family Astartide.
Genus ASTARTE, Sowerby.

: 262. Astarte borealis, (Chemnitz).
Pl. X. Fig. 11.

Astarte borealis. Forbes, Mem. Geol. Sury., vol. I, p. 413, 1846. Wood, Crag Moll
Biy., p. 175, pl. XVI, figs. 3a—d,
_Astarte corrugata. Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand., p. 37. Middendorff, Beitr. z. Malac,
Ross., III, p. 46, pl. XVII, figs. 4-9.
_Astarte arctica. Moller, Ind. Moll. Greenl]., p. 19. Forbes and Hanley, Hist. Brit.
Moll., I, p. 461, pl. XIX, fig. 7.
Venus borealis. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., vol. VII, pl. XXXIV, fig. 42.

?

A single left valve which, however, undoubtedly belongs to
the species above named. It is thick, much compressed, broadly
ovate, somewhat longer than high, rounded in front, truncate
behind. The surface is smooth and has an indistinct flattened
-earina behind. Inner margin smooth. Length 15.3 millim. Height
14.1 millim. Depth 2.9 millim. In shape it comes closest to what
Middendorff calls: var. Jactea (loc. cit., pl. XVII, figs. 8, 9).

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Shito.

Fossil occurrence in Europe.—English Crag.

Living.—Northern Japan (Kurile Islands). Behring Strait.
‘Britain (deep water). Arctic seas.

164 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

263. Astarte hakodatensis, Yokoyama.

Astarte hakodatensis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 140, pl. XI, figs. 5, 6.

This species is smaller and higher in form than the preceding.
Its description is found in my work above mentioned.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Living.—Northern Japan.

Family Crassatellide.
Genus CRASSATELLA, Lamarck.

264. Crassatella oblongata, Yokoyama.
Crassatella oblongata. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 142, pl. XI, figs. 8, 9.

A few young specimens which are somewhat flatter and more-
coarsely grooved on the surface than the adult ones. The largest
obtained is aright valve, 9 millim. long, 6.5 millim. high and 2
millim. deep, with concentric grooves about seventeen in number.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata and.
Koshiba.

265. Crassatella nana, Adams et Reeve.
Pl. XIII. Fig. 8.

Crassatella nana. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang. Moll, p. 81, pl. XXIII, fig, 2.

A single right valve. Shell thick, strongly compressed,.
subequilateral, somewhat pentagonal in outline, longer than high,
rounded in front, truncate behind. Postero-dorsal margin straight,
sloping, gradually passing into posterior margin with a curve;
ventral margin broadly arcuate with inner side crenulate and
postero-ventral corner obtusely angulate. Surface with concentric-
furrows. Beaks small, pointed, with an obtuse edge running to
postero-ventral corner. Main teeth two, oblique with lower ends
towards front and a triangular igamental pit behind; anterior
lateral tooth distinet, elongated. Anterior muscular impression
somewhat pear-shaped, posterior more rounded. Length 15.
millim. Height 12.1 millim. Depth 3 millim.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 165

This shell resembles the preceding in general outline; but
it is larger, flatter and smooth on the surface.

Fossil occurrence. —Kioroshi.

Living.—Eastern seas (according to Adams and Reeve).

266. Crassatella heteroglypta, (Pilsbry).

Crassatella heteroglypta. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 141, pl. XI, figs. 10, 11.
Crassatellites heteroglypta. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 135.
Crassatella japonica. Sowerby, Jour. Linn. Soc., XX, p. 399, pl. 25, fig. 19.
A single right valve.
Fossil oecurrence.—Kioroshi. Lower Musashino of Miyata
and Naganuma. 7
Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Family Cyrenidz.
Genus CORBICULA, Miublfeldt.

267. Corbicula sandaiformis, Yokoyama.

Pl, XIII. Figs. 14, 15.

Shell thick, roundly triangular, about as high as long, a little
‘nequilateral, moderately tumid. Anterior border rounded,
posterior subtruncate, forming an obtuse angle with broadly curved
ventral border; antero-dorsal meeting with postero-dorsal at an
angle which is nearly a right angle; ventral jess arched in posterior
half than in anterior. Surface with a very blunt posterior carina
and ornamented throughout with rude, unequai, concentric
grooves. Beaks rather large, swollen, prominent. Lunula lan-
ceolate, bounded by a fine impressed line on both sides.

The following are some of the measurements of the normal
form:

Length. Height. Depth.

Left valve 26.7 moillim. 26.5 millim. 9.0 millim.
a ns TG OT... ist 3 ae
Right ,, SAL” Ly 35 As 4, oF > 5

Besides, there are also forms which are either shorter or
longer. One of the latter measures 21 millim. in length, 19.6
‘millim. in height and 6.7 millim. in depth, while one of the former

166 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

measures 32 millim. in length, 33.5 millim. in height and 10.5-

millim. in depth.

This shell is closely allied to Corbicula sandai Reinhardt
(Kobelt, Fauna Moll. Extramar. Jap., p. 153, pl. 20, fig. 3). from
which it differs by the presence of a posterior carina.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Kamenari, Shito (common).

Living. —Central Japan (coast of Kazusa).

268. Corbicula kobelti, Yokoyama.
Pl. XIIL Figs. 18, 19.

Three left valves. The shell is decidedly longer (lower) than
the preceding with beaks smaller and less swollen. The outline is
ovato-trigonal, more or less rounded in front and truneate be-
hind. The angle at which the antero- and postero-dorsal margins.
would meet, when produced, is somewhat greater than a right
angle. Convexity of shell moderate. Surface with rude lines of
growth which make it unequally grooved.

The measurements of the three valves are as follows:

Length. Height. Depth.
29.4 millim. (10) 27.0 millim. (9.0) 8.8 millim (2.9)
09:8 |, (10). 90.5" (oe yea ey ae eee
ha (10) PLS... (9.0) Sy ee

The nearest ally of this species seems to be Corbicula pexata.
Prime (Kobelt, loc. cit., p. 157, pl. 20, fig. 2) in which, however,
the beaks are more tumid.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito, Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Pleurophoridz.
Genus CORALLIOPHAGA, Blainville.
269. Coralliophaga coralliophaga, (Chemnitz).
Pl. XIV. Fig. 5.

Coralliophaga coralliophaga. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 1386. H. and A. Adams, Genera of>
Recent Mollusca, II, p. 439, pl. 109, figs. 6, 6a.
Coralliophaga lithophagella. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 209.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa, 167

Cypricardia coralliophaga. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., IT, p. 140,
Chama coralliophaga. Chemnitz, Conch. Cab., X, p. 859, pl. 172, figs. 1678, 1674.

Only a single right valve, 38 millim. in length, 19 millim. in
height and 6.3 millim. in depth. It is characterized by a transversely
elongated, more or less rectangular or oblong form with beaks
near the anterior border and two main teeth accompanied by a
posterior lateral. These teeth are more or less horizontal in
position. The radiating ribiets found in living specimens are not
seen in the fossil, a result of friction.

On examining the recent specimens, there is a great varia-
tion in shape. The younger ones are generally shorter and
often more oblong than the adult.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. South Sea. Red Sea.
West Indies.

Genus TRAPEZIUM, Miuhlfeldt.

Q-_

270. Trapezium nipponicum, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIII. Fig. 17.

Shell rather thick, transversely elongated, trapezoidal, swollen,
very inequilateral, with anterior margin rounded, posterior trun-
cate, ventral somewhat excavated, postero-dorsal sloping and meeting
with posterior at an obtuse angle. Surface with a shallow median
depression, and coarsely concentrically corrugated. A rounded
edge runs from beak to postero-ventral corner. Area lanceolate,
bounded by an elevated, rather blunt and irregular ridge on both
sides. Beaks large, swollen. Main teeth two in each valve, oblique;
posterior lateral single.

One right and three left valves. ‘lhe former measures 27.5
millim. in length, 18 millim. in height and 8.6 millim. in depth,
while the largest of the latter measures 11.2 millim. in length, 5.1
millim. in height and 4.3 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shito.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

168 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

271. Trapezium ventricosum, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIU, Fig. 1.

Shell thick, somewhat higher than long, vefy inequilateral,
much swollen, sharply rounded in front, truncate behind, with
ventral margin only slightly arched. Beak very large, swollen,
curved forward as well as inward, with two blunt edges, one
running to postero-ventral and the other to antero-ventra] corner.
Space between these two edges flattened. The sculpture consists
only of coarse lines of growth. Behind the beak there is a lan-
ceolate area-like space bounded by a blunt ridge in each valve
with three longitudinal ribs on it. FPallial line simple.

There is only a single left valve with a large part of the beak
broken. The hinge is worn by friction, but so much is certain
that there is at least one prominent main tooth. The posterior
lateral is indistinct. It is 18.5. millim. long, 20 millim. high and
10 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake.

272. Trapeziwm liratum, (Reeve).
Pl. XII. Fig. 16.

Trapextum liratum. Pilsbry, Catalogue, p. 136,
Cypricardia lirata. Reeve, Conch, Icon., I. Cypricardia, spec. 1,

Shell moderately thick, rather tumid, transversely elongated,
strongly inequilateral, sharply rounded in front, truneate behind.
Dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight and parallel. <A flat
ridge runs from the beak to the rounded postero-ventral corner.
Surface with a shallow median depression and rugose concentrie
folds or ridges. Area lanceolete, bounded by a ridge on each side.
Main teeth two, horizontal; laterals indistinct. Pallial line simple.
Only a left valve, 20.5 millim. in length, 12 millim. in height
and 5.3 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake.

Living.—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 169

Order Anomalodesmacea.
Family Cuspidariide.
Genus CUSPIDARIA, Nardo.

273. Cuspidaria ligula, Yokoyama.
Pl. XIV. Figs. 3, 4

Shell small, thin, moderately convex, transversely piriform,
somewhat inequilateral with anterior side a little shorter than
posterior, rounded in front, rostrate and truncate behind. Antero-
dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral broadly convex except
near posterior end where it is somewhat convex. Surface convex
in general, being rather compressed only in the rostrum. Beaks
very small, directed backward. — A long lamellar tooth is present
‘both in front of, and behind, the beaks, parallel with the
hinge-margin. Sculpture present only on the area formed by a
keel running from each beak to postero-ventral corner, consisting
of fine concentric striae crossed and cut by fine impressed lines.

The following are the measurements:

Length. Height. ‘ Depth.
Right valve 6.4 millim. 3.6 millim. 1.5 millim.
ret ,, 6.1 cobs: £.0) 504 1.4

>?

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

Family Lyonsiide.
Genus LYONSKIA, Turton.

274. Lyonsia pretenuis, Dunker.
Pl. XIV. Figs. 9, 10.
Lyonsia pretenuis. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 180, pl. VII, fig. 12. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 187.
The shell in very thin and fragile, transversely ovate, rather
gibbous, rounded in front, produced and obliquely truncate behind,
and ornamented with radiating costulae on the surface.
- Only three isolated valves, more or less fractured. The least

imperfect is a right valve, 14.7 millim. long, 9.3 millim. high
and 3 millim. deep.

170 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

Fossil occurrence. —Otake.
Living. —Western Japan.

Genus ENTODESMA, Philippi.

275. Entodesma naviculoides, Yokoyama.
Pl. VI. Fig. 11.

A single left valve which is moderate in thickness, quadrately-
oblong, much longer than high, ventricose, strongly inequilateral,
rounded in front, subtruncate behind. Ventral margin somewhat
excavated, subparallel with equally excavated dorsal margin. Beak
swollen. Surface much worn, apparently only with rude lines of
growth. Teeth absent. Pallial line distinct with a shallow notch.
Length 58 millim. Height 35 millim. Depth 14.6 miliim.

The shell is extremely like Hntodesma navicula Ad. et Rve.
(Zool. Samarang, p. 83, pl. 23, fig. 11) and &. truncatissima
Pilsbry (Catalogue p. 137, pl. III. figs. 11, 12) both of which,
however, are described as thin and fragile. But itis not altogether
impossible that this fossil may turn out to be an abnormally
thick-shelled form of either of the above species.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Myochamide.
Genus MYODORA, Gray,

276. Myodora fluctuosa, Gould.
Pl. XIV. Figs. 6, 7.
Myodora fluctuosa. Gould, Otia Conch., p. 161. Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880,.
p. 583. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 87. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 39, pl
II, fig. 24. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 188. j
The shell is generally of a moderate thickness, though some-
times rather thin. It is triangular-in outline, somewhat longer
than high, and somewhat inequilateral with the anterior side longer’
than the posterior. Beaks small, pointed, directed backward.
The antero-dorsal margin is slightly convex and passes insensibly
into the rounded anterior, while the postero-dorsal is somewhat.
concave and makes an obtuse angle with the truncate p cs

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 17h

the ventral is broadly arched. The valves are very unequal; while
the right is moderately convex, the left is either flat or somewhat
concave. Moreover, the right valve has a blunt posterior keel on
the surface. The sculpture is the same in both valves, consisting
of coarse concentric undulations. Behind the beaks there is an
elongated areal excavation bounded by more or less distinct edges.
The anterior muscular impression is longly pear-shaped and curved
inward, while the posterior is ovate and upright. Pallial sinus
shallow, rounded, somewhat ascending. Length 17.2 millim.
_ Height 14.5 millim. Thickness 5.4 millim.

The variation in form lies chiefly in the degree of rotundity of
the anterior end.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (common), Tega (rather common),
Shisui, Kamenari, Kioroshi, Shito (very common). Oji and
Shinagawa.

Living.—Western Japan.

277. Myodora reeviana, Smith.
Pl. XIV. Figs. 8, 11.
Myodora reeviana. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Pelecyp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
July 1904, p, 558, pl. XLI, figs. 7-10. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 148, pl.
XI, figs. 12, 13.
This species has already been described by me from the
Lower Musashino in the work above cited.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Shito (rather common.)
Lower Musashino of Miyata and Koshiba.
Living.—Western Japan. China.

Family Thraciide.
Genus THRACIA, Leach.

278. Thracia papyracea, (Poli).
Pl; XIV. Fig. 12.

Thracia papyracea. Hornes, Foss. Moll. Tert. Beck. v. Wien, IT, p. 49, pl. V, fig. 3.
Wood, Crag Moll., Biv. Suppl., p. 156. Nyst. Conch. Terr. Tert. Belg., d. 215,
pl. XX VII, fig. 6.

Odoncincta papyracea. Da Costa, Cat. Syst. Test. Sicil., p. 23, pl. I, figs. 1-4.

Tellina papyracea. Poli, Test. Utr. Sicil., I, p. 48, pl. XV, figs. 14-18.

172 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

‘Thracia phaseolina. Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil., I, p. 19, pl. I, fig. 7, U, p. 16.
Wood, Crag Moll., Biv., p. 260, pl. XXVI, fig. 2 abe.

Two right valves and a broken left.

The shell is subquadrate, transverse, thin, convex, with the
anterior side a little longer than the posterior, rounded in front
and truncate behind. The dorsal margin is only shghtly arched
and subparallel with the straight ventral. The surface has a
posterior carina which is distinct in spite of being rather blunt.
The sculpture consists merely of rough lines of growth. Pallial
sinus large, deep, rounded.

The larger of the two right valves is 17.4 millim. long, 10.5
millim. high and 4 millim. deep. It looks quite ike the specimen
figured by Wood in his Crag Mollusca above cited.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake, Kamenari.

Fossil occurrence in Europe.—Plhocene of England, Belgium
and Italy; Miocene of Austria.

Living.—Norway, British seas, Mediterranean Sea.

279. Thracia transmontana, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIV. Figs. 13, 14.

Shell small, thin, inequivalve with right valve convex and
left rather compressed, transversely elongated, subquadrate, inequi-
lateral with anterior side a little longer than posterior, rounded in
front, truncate behind. Antero-dorsal margin slightly excavated,
postero-dorsal straight, ventral very little arched. <A distinet,
though not very sharp, posterior carina is present, behind which
the surface is somewhat depressed in the middle. The sculpture is
absent save lines of growth. Beaks small, pointed, bent back-
ward. Pallial sinus deep, rounded at end and reaching almost the
middle of the shell.

The following are the measurements.

Length. Height. Depth.

Left valve 9.9 millim. 5.0 millim. 1.1 millim.
ea ab: Vd BAY ee 1.08 38
Right ,, THO: —); SRic -s. Ba) Yay
gh Bie 43°06, Les,

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 173

Fossil oceurrence.—Otake, Kamenari, Tega, Shito (frequent),
Qji in Musashi.
Living.—Central Japan.

280. Thracia sematana, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIV. Figs. 17, 18,

Shell small, thin, longer than high, roundly pentagonal, rather -
compressed, inequilateral with anterior side a little longer than
posterior, rounded in front, truncate behind. Antero-and postero-
dorsal margins almost straight and sloping, ventral very little con-
vex, postero-ventral corner roundly angulate. Surface smooth,
with an obtuse posterior keel. Beaks small, pointed, directed
backward. Lunula longly ovate, bounded on both sides by a blunt
edge. Pallial sinus large, deep, broadly rounded, not reaching the
middle of the shell. Examples are rare. One of the left valves
measures 6.1 millim. in length, 4 millim. in height, and 1.3 millim.
in depth, while one of the right measures 6.6 millim. in length,
4.8 millim. in height and 1.7 millim. in depth.

This shell looks like a young Vhracia papyracea, but the
beaks are smaller and more pointed, and the outline is more pen--
tagonal. |

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Poromyide,
Genus POROMYA, Forbes.

281. Poromya flexuosa, Yokoyama.
Pl. XIV. Figs, 15, 16.

Shell small, thin, convex, triangularly ovate, longer than.
high, inequilateral with anterior side somewhat shorter than pos-
terior, rounded in front, somewhat obliquely subtruncate behind,
with ventral margin broadly convex. Surface with a blunt posterior
carina and a shallow depression in front of it. The sculpture con-_
sists of minute granules arranged more or less radially and most
distinct on the hinder and ventral parts, those on the other parts being -
often obliterated by friction. Lunula ovate, distinct. Hinge: In.

Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

the left valve there are two diverging eminences, with a triangular
ligamental pit behind, divided into two parts by a median
ridge; the right valve has but one tooth. Pallial sinus shallow,
-erescentiform. Not rare.

The following are the measurements:

Length. Height. Depth.
Left valve 12.5 millim. 9.3 millim 4.0 millim.
aati Oi eer SOs)
Right ,, LOB yes danny dy SOAs
be hizo ddeO) og 23 ae ae Sm &

Fossil occurrence. —Shito.

Family Modiolidz.

Genus MODIOLA, Lamarck.

282. Modiola barbata, (Linné).
Pl. XIV, Fig. 19.

Modiola barbata. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll, II, p. 190, pl. XLIV, fig. 4. Pils-
bry, Catal., p. 140. Wood, Crag Moll., Biv., p, 58, pl. VIII, fig. 2.
Mytilus barbatus. Linné, Syst. Nat., Hd. 12, p. 1156. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., I, p. 114.

Only young shells. The largest is a left valve still preserv-
ing a little of the original reddish brown colour. It is ovately
triangular in outline and obtusely pointed at the smaller and, with
the ventral margin somewhat excavated. The other specimens
which are all younger have a more posteriorly expanded shape,
though, compared with the Crag form, the posterior expansion
_as well as the ventral excavation is less. Anyhow there is a great
variation in outline as is evident on examining the specimens of
the recent shell.

The greatest extension of the largest specimen above referred
to is 11.8 millim., while the dimension across where it is greatest
is 6.3 milliim. The depth is 2.8 milliim. There is also a smaller
‘left valve 7.1 millim. long, 4.8 millim. broad and 2 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Tega (very rare), Otake (do),
Shito (rare). Oji in Musashi.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 1

Or

Fossil occurrence in Europe.—English Crag.
Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Britain.
Mediteranean. 5 .

283. Modiola modiolus, Linné.

Modiola modiolus. Linné, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 706. Lischke, J ap. Meeresconch., I,
p. 156, IT, p. 147, III, 109. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 222. Tokunaga, Foss, Env.
Tokyo, p. 63. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 145, pl. XI, fig. 21. Wood,
Crag Moll., Biv., p. 57, pl. VIII, fig. 1. Nyst, Conch. Terr. Tert. Belg., p. 163,
pl. XVII, fig. 5. .

Specimens are all fragmentary, though of a large size.
Fossil oecurrence in Japan.—Shito (rare). Lower Musashino

-of Miyata.

Fossil occurrence in Europe.—English Crag; Pliocene of

Belgium and Italy. .

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. North

Pacific. North Atlantic.

Genus LITHOPHAGA, Bolten.

284. Lithophaga zitteliana, Dunker.
Pl. XVII. Fig. 14.

Lithophaga ziteliana. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 226, pl. XIV, figs. 1, 2, 8,9. Pilsbry,
Cat., p. 140.

A transversely elongated subcylindrical shell, elliptical in
cross-section, rounded at both ends, though posteriorly somewhat
more expanded. ‘The surface has only lines of growth.

A few small fragments.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Tabata in Musashi.

Living.—Western Japan.

Genus CRENELLA, Brown.
285. Crenella divaricata, Yokoyama.
Pl. XV. Figs. 10, 11.

Shell minute, thin, translucent, longitudinally elongated,
roundly oblong, tumid, subequilateral. | Anterior and posterior
‘margins broadly rounded, the former perhaps a little more sharply.

176 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Surface with radiately divergent striae, the divergent character
being most conspicuous on the anterior as well as on the posterior
slope; striae fine, tolerably dense, with an interstitial one towards
the ventral margin and cut by fine concentric lines of growth,
whereby they become more or less crenulate, though not always
distinct. Inner margin of shell crenulate all around. Beaks
small, though somewhat inflated.

One of the left valves measures about 2 millim. in length, 2.5
millim. in height and 1 millim. in depth.

A. Adams described several species of Crenella from the Japan
Sea in the ‘‘ Annals and Magazines of Natural History ’’ of 1862,
without giving any figure. But none agrees exactly with the
present one, though it seems to be closely allied to what he called
Crenella spectabilis.

Compared with Crenella decussata Mont. (Forbes and Hanley,
British Moll., IV, pl. 45, fig. 2) which lives in the Corea Strait,
the fossil form has the cardinal margin more rounded and the
beaks less pointed, approaching in these respects Crenella elegans
Desh. of the Paris Basin (Descrip. Anim. sans Vert., Atlas, pl. 76,
figs. 6-9) in which, however, the rounded nature of the cardinal
margin is still greater.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito (not rare). Oji.

Living.—Central Japan.

Family Anomiide.
Genus ANOMIA, Linné.

286. Anomia nipponensis, Yokoyama.

Anomia nipponensis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 146, pl. XI, figs. 18, 19.

This species still living in Japan has already been described
in my work above cited. It is much like Anomia laqueata Reeve,
though more equilateral and generally provided with more
prominent radiating wrinkles which, however, are almost
obsolete in some specimens. The colour of the living shell is dull

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 177

reddish to light copper in the upper valve, and whitish to bluish
or even greenish in the lower.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Kioroshi (frequent), Kamenari,
Tega, Shito (very frequent). Oji, Tabata and Shinagawa in
Musashi. Lower Musashino of Miyata, Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

287. Anomia lunula, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIV. Figs. 22, 23.

Shell thin, subcircular, with lower or right valve only a little
convex and upper or left more or less flat. Surface either quite
smooth or radiately and sinuously striated near the margin.

The size of the shell is usually below 20 millim. in diameter,
though it is sometimes twice as large.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (not rare), Kioroshi, Shito.

288. Anomia sematana, Yokoyama.

Pl. XIV. Figs. 20, 21.

Only a few left valves. Shell small, rather thin, roundly
elliptical, usually higher than long, swollen, ornamented with
many, close, sinuous, granulated, radiating riblets which increase
in number towards the shell-margin either by bifurcation or by
the intercalation of new ones between.

The largest example measures 9.6 millim. in length, 10.7
millim. in height and 4.1 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Limide.
Genus LIMA, Bruguiere.
' 289. Lima angulata, Sowerby.

Lima angulata. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I. p. 86, pl. XXIII, figs. 89, 40. Yokoyama,
Foss. Miura Penin., p. 148, pl. XII, fig. 12.

Lima basilanica. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Zool., p. 75, XXI, fig. 6.

Lima hakodatensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny. Tokyo, p. 64, pl. III, fig. 26.

178 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Several examples, though mostly damaged on account of the
thin and fragile state of the shell.

Fossil oecurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito (rather
common). Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Fossil occurrence. —Neogene of New Zealand.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan. Philippines. New
South Wales. Panama. Bay of Caracas.

290. Lima subauriculata (Montagu).

Lima subauriculata. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 150, pl. XII, fig. 10.

Lima auriculata. Weinkauff, Conch. Mittelm., II, p. 245, no. 7. Forbes and
Hanley, Hist. Brit. Moll., I, p. 263, pl. LITT, fig. 45. Wood, Crag. Moll, Biv.,
p. 47, pl. VII, fig. 83. Hérnes, Moll. Tert. Beck. Wien, II, p. 389, pl. LIV, fig. 6.
Nyst, Conch. Terr. Tert. Belg., p. 158, pl. XVIII, fig. 3.

Pecten subauriculatus. Montagu, Test. Brit., Suppl, p. 65, pl. XXIX, fig. 2.

Specimens are quite frequent. The largest obtained is a left
valve 8 millim. high, 4.7 millim. long and 2.3 millim. deep.
The next largest is a right valve 7.6 millim. high, 4.4 millim.
long and 2.4 millim. deep. There seems to be a slight variation
in shape. ‘The radiating costellae are distinct only in the median
line of the shell toward the ventral margin.

Fossil occurrence in Japan.—Otake, Shisui, Tega, Shito
(very common). Oji. Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Fossil occurrence in Europe.—Pliocene of England, Belgium
and Italy. Miocene of France, Austria, Hungary, ete.

Living.—Mediterranean Sea, Britain, Norway, Greenland.

291. Lima quantoensis, Yokoyama.

Lima quantoensis. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 150, pl. XII, fig. 11.
This shell first described by me from the Lower Musashino is
represented by several specimens which, however, are all young.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Koshiba.
Living.-—Central Japan.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa, 179

292. Lima vulgatula, Yokoyama.

Pl. XVII. Figs. 18, 19.

A right and a left valve.

The shell is closely related to the preceding in its general
shape. It is rather thin, moderately convex and obliquely ovate,
with all the margins rounded except the antero-dorsal which is
straight or somewhat excavated. The ears are small, especially
the anterior. JLunula short-lanceolate in outline, deep, orna-
mented with a few longitudinal riblets. The surface is covered
with radiating ribs which number about twenty-two and are flattish
and broader than, or about as broad as, the interspaces. The right
valve is 15.3 millim. long, 18.5 millim. high and 4.7 millim. deep,

while the left is 14.1 millim. long, 15.9 millim. high and 4.1

millim. deep.

The distinctions of this species from the foregoing are the less
number of ribs, a somewhat flatter shell and the subangulate form
of the antero-ventral corner.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Spondylide.

Genus Spondylus, Linné.
/

293. Spondylus cruentus, Lischke.

Pl. XIV. Fig. 24.

Spondylus cruentus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I. p. 172, pl. XII, figs. 1-5. Dunker,
Ind. Moll., p. 246. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 143.

A single upper valve of a young individual. It is irregularly
roundish, tolerably compressed and ornamented with distant
radiating ribs which are mostly crenate or granular near the
hinge-margin and foliaceous or spiny in the ventral. Between
these ribs there are also several interstitial riblets. The diameter
of the shell is a little greater than 12 millim.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

180 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

Genus PLICATULA, Lamarck.
294. Plicatula cuneata, Dunker.

Pl. XIV. Fig. 25.

Plicatula cuneata. Dunker, Malak. Bl., vol. 24, p. 73. Index Moll., p. 246, pl. XI,
fig. 3.

A much worn right valve, 12.8 millim. long, 15.4 millim.
high and 2.6 millim. deep. It is thick, cuneate in shape and has
eight strong, flattened, radiating ribs with narrower interspaces.
The ribs seem to have been lamellar when fresh.

Fossil occurrence. —Kamenatri.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Family Pectinide.
Genus PECTEN, Muller.

295. Pecten squamatus, (Gmelin).

Pecten squamatus. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, Pecten, p. 70, pl. XIU, figs. 57, 58.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., Pecten, sp. 82. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 240, pl. XI, fig. 14.
Kiister, in Syst. Conch. Cab., VII, pt. 2, Spondylus and Pecten, p. 118, pl.
XXXII, fig. 4. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 151., pl. XIV, figs. 3, 4.

Ostrea squamata. Groelin, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, p. 3829.

A few right valves of young individuals. They are flattish
with a long anterior ear and ornamented with unequal radiating
ribs whose interspaces are also unequal. The scales on the ribs
are almost wholly worn away by friction.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Lower Musashino of
Naganuma.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines.

296. Pecten letus, Gould.

Pl. XIV. Figs. 26.

Peeten letus. Gould, Otia Conch., p. 177. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 169, pl.
XII, figs. 6, 7, II, p. 157. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 241. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl.
u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 603. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 57. Tokunaga,

Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 65, pl. V, fig. 2. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 152,
pl. XIV, figs. 1, 2.

>

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. TSi

Very frequent at some localities. The largest obtained has
a height of 90 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shito (very common), Tega.
Shinagawa and Oji (frequent). Lower Musashino of Miyata,
Yokosuka and Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

297. Pecten subplicatus, Sowerby.
PI. XV. Fig, 3.
Pecten subplicatus. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, p. 64, pl. XIII, fig. 37, pl. XIV, figs.

72, 73, 81. Mart. u Chem., Syst. Conchyl. Cab., VII, Pectinacea, p. 157, pl. 44,
figs, 3-5. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 242.

The right valve of a young individual. It has five radiating
folds with a weak one on each side of them. The folds as well as

the valleys are radially striated. Length 20.5 millim. Height

22.5 millim. Depth 4 millim.
Fossil occurrence. —Kioroshi.
Living.—Western Japan. Philippines. Moluccas.

298. Pecten crassicostatus, Lowerby,

Pecten crassicostatus. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 143. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 259, pl. XIII, fig.
28. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 168. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, p. 75, pl.
XV, fig. 111, pl. XVII, fig. 152. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura. Penin., p. 153, pl.
XII, fig. 7.

Pecten nobilis. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Pecten, pl. I, fig. 3.

A single left valve belonging to a young individual.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.
Living.—Central to Southern Japan.

299. Pecten vesiculosus, Dunker.

Pecten vesiculosus. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 241, pl. XI, fig. 1. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin., p. 154, pl. XIII, figs. 11, 12, 13.
Very frequent, but most of the specimens are water-worn and
lack the ears.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Koshiba.
Living.—Central Japan.

182 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

300. Pecten intuscostatus, Yokoyama.

Pecten intuscostatus. Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin., p. 156, pl. XH, figs. 9, 10.
This small shell already described from the Lower Musashino
has the outer surface concentrically striated, while within there are
coarse distant radiating riblets near the margin.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito (not rare). Lower Musashino of
Miyata and Koshiba.

301. Pecten tokyoensis, Tokunaga.

Pecten tokyoensis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 68, pl. V, figs. 1-10, Yokoyama,
_ Foss. Miura Penin., p. 158, pl. XIV, figs. 7, 8. "1
Pecten plica. Byrauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 48, (non Linne).
There are many large specimens, the largest being more than
160 millim. high.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shito (very frequent). Oji
(frequent) and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miyata,

Yokosuka and Naganuma,

302. Pecten tissoti, Bernardi.
Pl, XV. Pigs, 2:

Pecten tissoti. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 144. Bernardi in Jour. d. Conch., VIL, 1859, p. 91,
pl. I, fig. 2. Kobelt in Syst. Conch. Cab., VII, part 2, Spondylus and Peeten, p.
143, pl. XL, fig. 5.

A small neat Pecten circular in form and tolerably swollen,
with the anterior ear larger than the posterior. About twenty
radiating ribs accompanied by a smaller one on both sides
ornament the surface. Crossing these ribs, there are fine
concentric lamellae which are most distinct in interspaces where
there are one or two radiating striae. Inner margin crenate.

Only three valves of which two are right. The larger of the
right valves measures 16.8 millim. in height, 16 millim. in breadth
and 6.2 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Japan (according to Dunker).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa, 183

303. Pecten laqueatus, Sowerby.

Pecten laqueatus. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, p. 46, pl. XV, fig. 101. Lischke, Jap.
Meeresconch., I, p. 167, II, p. 157, pl. XII, figs. 1, 2. Schrenck, Moll. Amur. u.

d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 482. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 48. Tokunaga, Foss.

Envy. Tokyo, p. 64. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 160, pl. XIV, figs. 9, 10.

Very frequent.

Fossil occurrence,—Otake, Shisui, Kioroshi, Kamenari,
Tega, Shito. Oji and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Miyata
and Yokosuka. |

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

304, Pecten excavatus, Anton.
Pl X Ve. Wigs. 65.7%

Peeten excavatus. Anton, Verzeichniss, p. 19, no. 710. Philippi, Abbild. u. Beschr.,
I, Pecten, p. 201, pl. U, fig. 1.

Vola excavata. Dunker, Index Moll., p. 243. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 145,

Pecten sinensis. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., I, p. 48, pl. XVI, figs. 120, 121, 134.

This shell which resembles the preceding is smaller and
characterized by its valves being very unequal, more unequal than
in the latter, for its left valve is markedly concave instead of being
flat or only slightly concave, The right valve on the contrary
is strongly convex, more so than in Pecten laqueatus. The ears
are nearly equal, so that the shell appears to be almost equilateral.
The radiating ribs of the convex valve are broad and flattened
with lateral edges subangular and interspaces much narrower.
The number of ribs is over ten, but it is difficult to give them
exactly, for, besides the main ribs, there are one or more much
weaker ones on both extremities of the shell, and also those in
the middle portion often show a tendency to split. Near the
beaks the ribs are almost obsolete, so that the surface becomes
more or less smooth, Incremental lines very distinct. On the
concave valve the ribs are narrower than the interspaces, with
concentric growth-lines often somewhat lamellated. When
lamellae are absent, the concave valve is often difficult to
distinguish from that of Pecten laqueatus.

‘

184 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama:

The specimens are all young, the largest being only 22 millim.
both in height and length.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (not rare), Tega, Shito. Oji and
Shinagawa.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan. China Sea.

305. Pecten tenuicostulatus, Yokoyama.

Pl. XVII. Fig. 15.

Three left valves.

Shell small, thin, flatly convex, nearly circular, almost
equilateral. Surface with weak, rounded, scaly, radiating riblets
which are rather distant, more or less unequal and at unequal
distances from one another; interspaces much broader with one or
more interstitial riblets. The number of main ribs is not constant,
but usually about twenty or a little more. Ears somewhat
unequal with anterior larger than posterior.

The largest specimen measures 8.9 millim. both in length and
height and 1.5 millim. in depth.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Ostreide.
Genus OSTREA, Linne,
306. Ostrea gigas, Thunberg.

Ostrea gigas. Thunberg, Kong]. Vetensk. Akad. nya Handl., XIV, 1798, p. 140, pl.
VL. figs. 1-3. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 145. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 68, pl. IV,
fig. 5. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio; pp. 48, 51, 55. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura
Penin, p. 162, pl. XV, figs. 1, 2.

Ostrea laperousti. Schrenck, Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 475, pl. XTX.

The elongated as well as the ovate form in numerous exam-
ples. Some are rather thin-shelled and even provided with some
longitudinal folds.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kamenari, Kioroshi,
Tega, Shito. Oji and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka
and Koshiba.

Living.—N orthern, Central and Western Japan. Coast of
Manchuria and Shantung in China.

wa! A)

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 185

307. Ostrea denselamellosa, Lischike.

Ostrea denselamellosa. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 79, pl. XU, pl. IV, fig. 1.
Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 58. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 146. Tokunaga, Foss. Eny.
Tokyo, p. 68, pl. IV, fig. 6. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 162, pl. XVI,
fig. 6.

A few but good specimens of the lower valve.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Tega. Oji and Shinagawa. Lower
Musashino of Yokosuka.

Living.—Northern, Central, Western and Southern Japan.

308. Ostrea musashiana, Yokoyama.
Pl. XV. Fig. 5.
Ostrea musashiana. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 163, pl. XVI, figs. 1-5. -
A few specimens. The shell is thin and usually more or less
longly ovate, with the lower valve strongly convex.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shito. Lower Musashino of Yoko-
suka and Koshiba.

* Family Pinnide.
Genus PENNA, Linne.
309. Pinna japonica, Hanley.
Pl. XV. Fig. 8.

Pinna japonica. Hanley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858. p. 136. Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig.
47. Kiister in Syst. Conchyl. Cab., VIII, = 1, p. 72, pl. 24, fig. 3, pl. 29, fig. 1.
Pilsbry, Cat., p. 147.

Only a fragment belonging to the beak-portion. It is, however,
easily recognized by its thin shell, distant radiating costulae and
concentric corrugations‘as the above named species.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Oji in Musashi.

Living.—Central and Western Japan.

Family Arcide.
Genus ARCA, Lamarck.
310. Area kobeltiana, Pilsbry.
Arca kobeltiana. Pilsbry, New Jap. Mar. Moll., Pelec., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phil.,

186 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

July, 1904, p. 559, pl. XI, figs. 16-19. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 163,
pl. XVII, fig. 4.
Arca ocellata. Kobelt in Syst. Conch. Cab., vol. VIII, p. 87, pl. 24, figs. 1-4 (non
Reeve). Pilsbry, Cat., p. 148.
Arca rectangularis. Tokunaga, Foss, Envy. Tokyo, p. 61, pl. IIL, fig. 28.
This shell has already been described from the Lower Musa-
shino.
Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shito (frequent). Lower Musa-
shino of Miyata, Yokosuka, Kanazawa and Koshiba.
Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

311. Area symmetrica, Reeve.

Area symmetrica. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Arca, sp. 117. Yokoyama, Foss, Miura Penin.,
p. 166, pl. XVII, figs. 7, 8.

A few isolated valves much worn by friction.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Lower Musashino of Yokosuka
and Naganuma.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. Philippines. Indian
Ocean.

312. Arca (Anomalocardia) granosa, Linné.
Pl. XV. Fig. 4

Arca (Anomalocardia) granosa. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 149. Kobelt in Syst. Conch. Cab.,
VIII, pt. 2, p. 38, pl. III, fig. 7.

Arca granosa. Linné, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, p. 1142. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Arca, spec.
15. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 145. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 59,
pl. II, fig. 20.

Anomalocardia granosa. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 233.

Isolated valves from several localities which are not quite full-
grown. The largest is only 55 millim. in length. This species is
easily recognized by its thick, solid, swollen, somewhat oblique
shell ornamented with coarse granular radiating ribs whose number
in the fossil is seventeen or eighteen. It is here to be remarked
that the fossil specimens are a little more oblique and the postero-
ventral corner more produced than that represented in the figure of
Kobelt.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 187

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui, Kamenari, Tega, Shito.
Tokunaga mentions this species from Tabata. Takigashira near
Yokohama according to Brauns.

Living.—Central and Western Japan. China. Philippines.
Indian Ocean.

313. Arca (Anomalocardia) inflata, Reeve.

Pl. XV. Fig. 9.

Arca (Anomalocariia) inflata. Pilsbry, Cat. p. 149. Kobelt in Syst. Conch. Cab.,
VIU, pt. 2, p. 30, pl. X, figs. 1, 2.

Arca ingiata. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Arca, sp. 30. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p.
167, pl. XVII, fig. 9.

Arca broughtontt. Schrenck, Mol]. Amurl. u.d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 575, pl. 24, figs,
1-3.

Arca tenuis. Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 58, pl. IV, fig. 1.

Some specimens are quite thin-shelled which induced Toku-
naga to establish a new species which he called A. tenuis. The
largest attains a length of more than 110 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake, Shisui (frequent), Shito. Oji,
Tabata and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Naganuma.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan. Philippines.

314. Arca (Scapharca) subcrenata, Lischke.
Pl. XV. Fig. 12.

Arca (Scapharca) subcrenata. Kobelt in Syst. Conch. Cab., VIL, pt, 2, p. 47, pl. XII,
figs. 5, 6. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 149. Yamakawa, Fossil Scapharca of the Neigh-
bourhood of Tokyo, Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, 1912, vol. XVIII, no. 219, p. 6. pl.
III, IV, figs. 1-12.

Arca subcrenata. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., I, p. 146, pl. IX, figs. 1-3.

Scapharea subcrenata. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 284.

Area kagoshimensis, Tokunaga, Foss. Envy. Tokyo, p. 59, pl. II, fig. 21.

Distinguished from the preceding species by a less number of
radiating ribs (twenty-eight to thirty-six, while in A. iflata
usually over forty) and their suberenate nature which in the left
valve is seen on all the ribs anterior to the posterior carina, and

188 Art. 1—M. Yokoyama :

on the right only on those near the anterior end of the shell. A

fuller account is found in the work of Yamakawa above cited.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake (very common), Kioroshi, Kame-

nari, Shisui (common), Tega (very frequent), Shite (rare). Oji.
Living.—Central, Western and Southern Japan.

Genus PECTUNCULWS, Lamarck.

315. Pectuneculus albolineatus, Lischke.

Pl. XVII. Figs. 1, 2, 3.

Peetunculus albolineatus. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 108, pl. IX, figs. 11, 12.
Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 236. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 45. Tokunaga, Foss.
Eny. Tokyo, p. 61. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 150.

Lischke who first described this species had only young shells
of a more or less cireular form whose length was below 40 millim.
But there are specimens which are 80 millim. long. Such full-
grown ones are not circular, but decidedly somewhat obliquely
round-squarish, the antero-dorsal corner in front and postero-ventral
corner behind being most produced. Such a squarish form we
can also find among the young shells in which, if not both corners,
at least the antero-dorsal corner is more or less produced. From
this it is quite certain that there is a great variation in the outline
of the shell. The surface ornamention consists of white radiating
lines and fine dots.

The fossil specimens which I deem as belonging to this species
are a few isolated valves which are quite grown. They are also in
general roundly squarish, but the posterior margin is a little more
rounded than in the recent shell, so that the protrusion of the
postero-ventral corner is not so obvious. One of the left valves
measures 68.6 millim. in length, 59.5 millim. in height and 17.5
millim. in depth, while one of the right measures 68 millim. in
length, 56.5 millim. in height and 17.2 millim. in depth.

The surface-dots are obliterated in the fossil and the white
radiating lines are present as impressed ones with several finer
interstitials between.

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 189

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Oji.
Living.—Central Japan.

316. Pectunculus vestitus, Dunker.
Pl. XVI. Figs. 1, 2,3.

Pectunculus vestitus. Dunker, Ind. Moll, p. 236, pl. XVI, figs. 7, 8. Pilsbry, Cat., p.
150.
Pectunculus rotundus. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 286, pl. XVI, figs. 7, 8. Pilsbry, Cat.,

p. 150. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 167, pl. XVII, figs. 10, 11.

This species shows a great variation in the outline of the shell.
The normal form is a rounded oval, slightly oblique, somewhat
longer than high and with the beak-portion narrowed. What
Dunker gives in his figure (pl. XVI, figs. 7,8) is a less rotund form
with the length somewhat greater than in the normal type.
Young examples of this shell which can be collected in hundreds
at some localities are more circular in form, and it is quite certain
that Dunker’s Pectunculus rotundus is a species founded on such
examples. Itis here to be noted that among the adult ones there
are often forms which possess the more produced and subtruncate
posterior end.

The surface in recent specimens is ornamented with white
radiating lines as in the preceding species, which are present in the
fossil as impressed lines with finer ones between. But the dots of
the latter seem to be absent. Therefore the young circular form
of the preceding species, when the dots are obliterated, is difficult
to distinguish from the present.

The largest specimen in our collection is a right valve 76
millim. long and 68.5 millim. high.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake (numerous), Kioroshi (do), Kame-
nari, Tega (numerous). Tabata and Shinagawa. Lower Musashino
of Miyata and Naganuma.

Living.—Central Japan.

317. Pectunculus yessoensis, Sowerby.
Pl. XVI. Fig. 6, 7.

Pectunculus yessoensis. Sowerby, Deser. Fourt. New Shells fr. China, Jap. a. Andam.

190 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Isl., Proc. Zool, Soe. Lond., 1886, p. 570, pl. XXVIII, fig. 19. Pilsbry, Cat., p.
150. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 168, pl. XVIII, figs. 1, 2.

The characteristic feature of this shell usually consists in the
postero-dorsal margin being a little longer than tlie antero-dorsal,
whereby the rounded or, as is sometimes the case, subangulate
corner between the former and the posterior margin becomes more
or less conspicuous. But it is here to be remarked that this chara-
eter is not always obvious, especially in young specimens, so that
the distinction from Pectunculus vestitus sometimes becomes very
difficult, or even impossible.

The largest specimen obtained measures 65 millim. both in
length and height.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake (frequent), Shisui, Kioroshi, Tega,
Kamenari, Shito (very common). Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Northern Japan.

318. Pectunculus pilsbryi, Yokoyama.
Pl. XVI. Figs. 8, 9.
Pectunculus pilsbryi. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 170, pl. XVIII, fig. 8.

This small oblique Pectunculus is generally characterized by
the subangulate posterior end and the fine, close, unequal, radia-
ting riblets which cover the whole surface. The posterior end,
however, may sometimes be subtruncate or so produced as to
assume a rostrate appearance as shown in the figure. The granulate
nature of the riblets are not always distinct. |

The largest example attains a length of 25 millim. and a
height of 23 millim. The depth of a valve of such specimens is
about 7 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito (very common). Lower Musashino
of Miyata (rare).

Living.—Central Japan.

319. Pectunculus yamakawai, Yokoyama.
Pl. XVL Figs. 4, 5.

A right and aleft valve. Both are flattened (right valve being
30.5 millim. long, 28 millim. high and 6 millim. deep), oblique

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 191

and oval with the sharper end at the posterior ventral corner.
Antero- and postero-dorsal margins insensibly passing respectively
into anterior and posterior ends which are both rounded, with the
latter much more sharply than the former. Ventral margin broadly
arcuate, crenate within. Ligamental area comparatively narrow,
triangular, with two series of several straight. grooves, the one
parallel to the anterior and the other parallel to the posterior side of
the area, which meet at an obtuse angle below the beak. Beaks
small. Surface with fine, straight, radiating, impressed lines.

A shell quite like this fossil was found living on the coast of
Awa (Boshu) with the posterior dorsal slope sometimes more
straight, so that the posterior end appears more angulate. The
surface is coloured brownish yellow with white radiating lines like
those of Pectunculus albolineatus and P. vestitus. Although it is a
little more convex than our fossil, there is no doubt of its being
the same speceis.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Living.—Central Japan.

‘Family Parallelodontide.
Genus PARALLELODON, Meek et Worthen.
320. Parallelodon obliquatus, Yokoyama.
Parallelodon obliquatus. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 170, p]. XVIII, figs. 9-11

Only a single left valve.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata,
Yokosuka and Koshiba.

Living.—Northern and Central Japan.

Genus CUCULLARIA, Deshayes.
321. Cucullaria orientalis, Yokoyama.
Pl. XVII. Figs. 8, 9.

A few isolated right valves.

Shell very small, rather thick, moderately convex, trans-
versely elongated, narrowed in front, gradually dilated behind,
strongly inequilateral, with posterior side four times as long as

192 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

anterior. Anterior and posterior ends rounded, the former passing
insensibly into ventral margin, while the latter is oblique and forms
a rounded angle with the same. Hinge nearly straight, with three
or four short oblique teeth in front and about seyen almost sub-
horizontal teeth behind, the space between being either smooth or
provided with a few indistinct granules. Area very narrowly
triangular. Surface with an obtuse posterior carina and a broad
mesial depression which makes ventral margin straight or even
somewhat excavated. The sculpture consists of subequal radiating
ribs which are flatly rounded, broader than interspaces and number
a little more than thirty; some of these ribs show a narrow longi-
tudinal groove and a tendency to split. Occasionally some inter-
spaces are unusually broad in which case there is usually an inter-
stitial riblet, though only near the margin. Length 5.1 millim.
Height 3.milim. Depth 1 millim.

The occurrence of this shell is quite noteworthy, as related
forms have hitherto been found only in the Eocene, for example,
Cucullaria aldrichi Dall (Tert. Fauna Florida, IV. pl. 32, fig. 10)
in the Eocene of Florida and Cucullaria gracilis Desh (Anim sans
Vert., I, pl. 69, figs. 22—24) in the Paris Basin.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito.

Family Limopside.
Genus LIMOPSIS., Sasso.

322. Limopsis woodwardi, A. Adams.
Pl. XVII. Fig. 5.

Limopsis woodwardi. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 231. Dunker, Ind.
Moll., p. 287, pl. XVI, figs. 5, 6. Pilsbry, Catal., p- 150. Tokunaga, Foss. Env.

Tokyo, p. 62.

Shell thick, convex, roundly ovate, about as long as high,
somewhat oblique, rounded in front, rounded or obliquely sub-
truncate behind. Surface with numerous, rounded, radiating
riblets alternately large and small, separated by broader interspaces
and crossed by incremental lines which make them somewhat

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 1938

granular. Hinge curved, with oblique lamellar teeth ten tc four-
teen on each side of the ligamental pit which is triangular and pro-
vided in some with two diverging ridges and a few transverse striae.
Beaks small, pointed. Inner margin flattened and smooth.

There is some variation in form, the height being sometimes
a little less, sometimes a little greater than the length. The con-
vexity is also somewhat variable.

The largest specimen obtained is a left valve, 17.3 millim.
long, 17.5 millim. high and 5.4 millim. deep.

Smith in his Challenger Lamellibranchiata (p. 256) unites
Limopsis woodwardi with Reeve’s Limopsis cancellata which lives in
Northern Australia, Torres Strait, Singapore, etc. But at present
I am not in a position to utter any opinion on it.

Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Tega. Oji (common) and Shina-
gawa.

Living.—Central Japan.

323. Limopsis crenata, A. Adams.

Limopsis crenata. A. Adams, Descript. Limopsis of Cuming. Coll., Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1862, p. 230. Yokoyama, Foss, Miura. Penin., p. 173, pl. XVIII, figs.
17, 18.

A few isolated valves.

Fossil occurrence.—Otake. Lower Musashino of Miyata,
Kamakura, Kanazawa, and Koshiba.

Living. —Northern, Central and Western Japan.

324. Limopsis azumana, Yokoyama.
Limopsis azumana. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 174. pl. XVIII, figs. 12-21.

More frequent than the preceding species.
Fossil oecurrence.—Shito, Otake. Lower Musashino of Mi-

yata and Koshiba.

325. Limopsis adamsiana, Yokoyama.
Limopsis adamsiana, Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 175, pl. XIX, figs. 1, 2.

The species founded on two right valves from the Lower
Musashino is somewhat frequent in the Upper. The left valves

194 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

which were found in the latter have nearly the same shape as the
right. As to the surface-sculpture, most of the specimens are
water-worn and smooth, but in one or two unequal concentric
striae are visible which are crossed by very fine, rather indistinct,
radiating lines.

The largest of the left valves is 6.4 millim. long, 5.8 millim.
high and 1.9 millim. deep.

Fossil occurrence. —Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata and
Koshiba.

326. Limopsis areolata, Yokoyama.

P). XVU. Figs. 6, 7.

Shell small, thick, compressed, obliquely short-oblong, inequi-
lateral, rounded both in front and behind, though somewhat more
sharply in the former than in the latter. Surface with fine im-
pressed radiating lines interrupted by unequal concentric grooves.
Beaks small and rounded. Hinge bent with teeth thick, lamellar
to tubercular, about six in anterior row, somewhat less in posterior,
rapidly diminishing in size in both rows from the middle to
both sides. Ligamental pit broadly triangular. A deep narrow
escutcheon is present just above and behind the posterior row
of teeth whereby the hinge-margin behind the teeth is somewhat
pushed inward. Beaks small, pointed. Fine radiating lines
present just within the pallialline. Inner margin flattened and
smooth.

The measurements of four isolated valves are as follows:

Length. Height. Depth.
Left valve 15.0 millim 14.0 millim 3.3 millim.
» 93 1333. ‘5, 19.5" ;, 2.4 ,,
Right ,, 12.5: ;, 1225, 9.4073
ates 180-3 12a Ys; Bis ig

This shell is easily recognized by its shortly oblong shape
and the deep escutcheon behind the beak.
Fossil occurrence.—Shito (rare).

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazuca and Shimoga. 195

327. Limopsis nipponica, Yokoyama.

Pl. XVU, Figs. 16, 17.

Shell very small, moderately thick, longitudinally oblong,
somewhat oblique, convex. Anterior and posterior margins only
a little curved and subparallel; ventral rounded. Surface radiately
striated; striae many, nearly straight, subequal, with equal or
broader interspaces and cut by incremental lines, the points of
intersection being more or less grain-like. Hinge-line about as long
as shell-length, with about three teeth in front of ligamental pit
and about five behind. Beaks small, pushed a little forward. Inner
surface with fine radiating lines within the pallial line. Inner
margin flattened and smooth. Length 2.9 millim. Height 3.5
millim. Depth of each valve 1.3 millim.

Fossil occurrence.—Kioroshi (very rare), Shito (do).

Family Ledide.
Genus LEDA, Schumacher.

328. Leda confusa, Hanly.
Pl. XVII. Fig, 4.

Leda confusa. Hanley in Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., III, Nuculide, p. 119, pl. 228. fig.
85. Lischke, Jap. Meeresconch., III, p. 109. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 238.
Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 45. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 56.

Hanley describes this shell as follows:

‘‘ Beaked-oval, convex or subventricose with a shining ash-
coloured epidermis, closely, regularly, and concentrically grooved
throughout (the dorsal areas excepted); sulci shelving in front,
their intervals converted into flattened costee on the umboes and
towards the umbonal ridge which latter is neither elevated nor
defined in front. Sides equal, or very nearly so: Anterior extremity
rounded; posterior side rather abruptly beaked, the tip, which is
either in the middle or just above it, upturned and sharply angular.
Front dorsal slope very slight, convex with a sudden terminal
retusion. Hinder dorsal slope moderate, at first straightish or
plano-convex, eventually rather suddenly incurved. Ventral margin

196 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

much rising at both ends, arcuated (at the least in front), devoid
of retusion. Dorsal areas large pouting, lanceolate; escutcheon
carinately defined, sublongitudinally grooved; lunule_ impressly
defined, its sulci finer. Interior bluish white, the front edge, in
adult example, most minutely crenulated; hinge-margin broad, its
teeth rather numerous on both sides. Cartilage-pit small, tri-
angular.’’

Although in our specimens the fine crenulations of the inner-
side of the front edge are not visible, still there is not the least
doubt of their belonging to Hanley’s species.

The largest example is a right valve measuring 20 millim. in
length, 10.8 millim. in height and 3.5 millim. in depth. It is
therefore somewhat larger than the one shown in Hanley’s figure.

Fossil occurrence.—Shisui (rare). Kamenari, Tega (not rare),
Shito (do). Oji and Shinagawa.

Living-—Central Japan. China sea.

329. Leda ramsayi, Swith.

Leda ramsayi. Smith, Report on Lamellibranchiata, Challeng. Exp., p. 241, pl. XX,
fig. 3, 83a. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 176, pl. XIX, fig. 3.

Three left valves, one of which attains 9.4 millm. in length, 5.4
millim. in height and 1.7 millim. in depth. Just as in the Lower
Musashino, the specimens are very rare.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino. of Miyata and
Koshiba.

Living.—Off Sydney, New South Wales, in 950 fathoms
(Smith). Also Northern Japan (?)

Genus YOLDIA, Moller.

330. Woldia notabilis, Yokoyama.
Pl. XVII. Fig. 10.
Yoldia arctica. Brauns, Geol. Eny. Tokio, p. 47. p. VI, fig. 29.
Yoldia lanceolata, Tokunaga, Foss. Env. Tokyo, p. 57, pl. ILI, fig. 18.
The shell is thin, compressed, transversely elongated, rounded
in front, rostrated and pointed behind, inequilateral, the anterior -
side being much longer than the posterior (about 1.8 times as

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 197

long). The front dorsal margin is at first somewhat ascending and
then very gradually descending, very little arched and going over
into the rounded front end. The hinder dorsal margin is sloping,
at first straight, but eventually becomes concave, meeting with the
convexly ascending posterior margin at about a right angle. The
ventral margin is broadly convex, ascending at both ends. The
surface is subconcentrically grooved, with grooves narrow, so that
the interspaces appear as broad flat ribs. These grooves and ribs,
however, are somewhat oblique and not quite parallel with the
ventral margin, so that those situated near it end at its posterior
half. Teeth numerous, lamellar, outwardly bent in the middle,
not quite thirty in number in the anterior and about half as many
in the posterior row. Ligamental pit triangular, broader than high,
and with a somewhat concave base. [unula not developed. Area
lanceolate, bounded by a sharp carina on both sides and with a
high, elevated, very steep carina in the median line, whose lateral
faces show only fine sublongitudinal striations. Anterior muscular
impression larger than posterior, ovate in shape; posterior trans-
versely oval, bounded within by a strong rounded ridge descending
vertically from below the posterior end of the ligamental pit. Sinus
large, rounded. The largest specimen is a right valve 56 millim.
in length (anterior side 23 millim.), 18.6 millim. in height and 4.1
millim. in depth.

Brauns and Tokunaga took this shell for Yoldia lanceolata Sow.
(Y. arctica Br. et Sow.) to which, indeed, it has a great resem-
blance. But the sculpture is quite different in the two. In the
present species it consists ‘of subconcentric grooves, while in FY.
lanceolata of much more oblique striae which vanish toward the
posterior end of the shell. Moreover, the Japanese fossil is some-
what more inequilateral, with the posterior end a little sharper.

Anyhow it is very interesting that a species much like Yoldia
lanceolata was found in the Upper Musashino, as all the living
forms of Yoldia are hitherto either arctic or at least boreal, Y.
lanceolata itself being reported also from Kamchatka and Strait of
Tartary

Fossil oceurrence.—Shisui (very rare), Otake (do). Oji.

198 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama :

Family Nuculide.
Genus NUCULA, Lamarck.
331. Nucula insignis, Gould.
Nucula insignis. Gould, Otia Conch., p. 175. Tokunaga, Foss, Env. Tokyo, p. 56.
Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 179. pl. XIX, figs. 7, 8.
Several specimens, the largest being 20 miliim. in length.
Fossil occurrence. —Otake, Shisui, Shito. Oji, Tabata and
Shinagawa. Lower Musashino of Koshiba.
Living.—Northern Japan.

Phylum Molluscoidea.
Class BRACHIOPODA.

Family Terebratulide.
Genus TEREBRATELLA, ¢d’Orbigny.
332. Terebratella coreanica, Adams ct Reeve.

Terebratella coreanica. Davidson, Monogr. Rec. Brach., p. 81, pl. XIII, figs. 3-9. Dall,
Amer. Jour. Conch., VI, p. 121. Dunker, Ind. Moll., p. 252. Pilsbry, Cat., p.
151. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 184, pl. XTX, figs, 25, 28.

Terebratula coreanica. Adams and Reeve, Voy. Samarang, Zool., p. 71, pl. XXI, fig.
3. Schrenck, Moll. Amur]. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 168. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-
conch., I, p. 181.

This is a well known living shell in Japan. As stated by
Davidson, its outline is very variable. In general, the breadth is
somewhat less than the height or length, but there are specimens in
which the height is much greater than the breadth. As to the
mesial depression of the dorsal valve, it is here to be remarked that
it is either very shallow or absent in which latter case the place is
only flattish.

The largest of the perfect specimens is 36.5 millim. in height,
but there is an isolated dorsal valve nearly as high, therefore the
corresponding ventral must have been over 40 millim. in height.

Fossil oecurrence.—Shito (frequent). Lower Musashino of
Miyata.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan.

——

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. 199

333. Terebratella pulvinata, (Gould).

Terebratella pulvinata. Davidson, Monogr. Rec. Brach., p. 90. pl. XVI, fig. 18. Dall.
Amer. Jour. Conch., VI, p. 117. Yokoyama, Foss. Miura Penin., p. 185, pl. XIX,
fig. 26.

Terebratula (Waldheimia) pulvinata. Gould, Otia Conch., pp. 97, 255.

A few specimens which are all smaller than the one
figured by Davidson. The largest measures 13.5 millim. in height,
125 millim. in breadth and 6 millim. in thickness. The frontal
edge of one of the specimens is a little more sharply rounded than
in the others, a variation which must be admitted in a group of
animals like the Brachiopods.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Lower Musashino of Miyata.

Living.—Puget Sound, Washington.

Genus EUDESIA, King.
334. HEudesia grayi, (Davidson).

Pl. XVII. Figs. 11, 12.

Fudesia gray. Pilsbry, Catal., p. 152.

Waldheimia grayi. Davidson, Monogr. Rec. Brach., p. 54, pl. X, figs. 1-4. Dunker,
Ind. Moll., p. 252. Brauns, Geol. Env. Tokio, p. 58. Tokunaga, Foss, Env,
Tokyo, p. 69, pl. IV, fig. 8.

Terebratula (Waldheimia) grayi. Schrenck., Moll. Amurl. u. d. nordjap. Meeres, p. 465.

A few isolated valves.

This shell is very variable in outline. The ventral valve
which is very convex may be “‘ squarely pentagonal’’ as Davidson
says, or longitudinally oval. The dorsal valve which is only little
convex and somewhat depressed in the middle is usually subtrian-
gularly semicircular. Both valves are furnished with strong,
angular, radiating ribs which often bifureate. The strongest ribs
are in the middle of the valves.

Fossil occurrence.—Shito. Shinagawa.

Living.—Northern, Central and Western Japan... California.

200 Art. 1.—M. Yokoyama:

Family Rhynchonellide.
Genus RH YNCHONELLA, Fischer.

335. Rhynchonella psittacea, (Chempitz)
var. woodwardi, (Adams).

P], XVII. Fig. 13.
Fhynchonella psittacea var. woodwardi. Davidson, Monogr. Rec. Brach., p. 168, pl.
XXIV, figs. 12. 13. Pilsbry, Cat., p. 153.

Rhynchonella woodwardi, Adams, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., vol. XI, p. 109.

One perfect specimen and a few isolated valves.

The shell is somewhat triangular in outline, globose, broadest
in the middle and laterally rounded. From the typical form of R.
psittacea it is distinguished by the absence of radiating lines, the
smaller and less curved beaks and the rounded ventral margin
produced in the middle. The perfect specimen measures 22.3
millim. in height, 22 millim. in breadth and 16.5 millim. in thick-
ness. It is therefore somewhat larger than that figured by David-
son in his monograph.

Fossil occurrence—Shito.

Living.—Northern and Western Japan.

>

Amyela burchardi (Dkr.)

INDEX.

Acton giganteus Dkr. .......
Actxeopyramis eximius Lke. E
Agatha virgo Ad. var. brevis Yok. .

a varians Dkr.
Ancilla hinomotoensis Yok. ......

MER Pieyke.6 fe fe: e

2 montrouzieri Sow... ......
Anomalocardia granosa(L.) ......
i iifata (RVe:)e bo...
Anomia laqueata Rve.. ........
i, lunula Yok.

’. nipponensis Yok. .......

i sematensis Yok.........
Area broughtonii Schr.
ST (0 i
» iMflataRve...... =o Ome
,» kagoshimensis Tok. .......
PeeObelbiama Pus. 5) ya Soe el ew
COMI OD ies, % tm licllis(c es - «

» rectangularis Tok.........
Meesaberenate kes! Sse ss ww
feesymumetrica Rve:.. 9.5 6. 6
PERCHA LOK, Jil. fee c's se

Astarte arctica Moll. .........
Beemureadis(Chem.)...:/.....
Pe COLEUP Ata: LLV..'5 06) cere ie) oe
pe bakodatensis. YOK... 0.56...

Atilia burchardi (Dkr.)........

peeminsakado: Yok..).... 22. + -
peepraccursor YOK. 5). 'e see
» MiveomarginataSm. ..... :
PetrricHinta YOK. ..). vlaiee 2
Aulus pulchellus Dkr... .......

Barnea fragilis Dkr. ........-.
Basilissa leviuscula Yok. .......
Batillaria multiformis (Lke.). .....

» ZONaiAi (Brus). waliecl) sues ee
Bela pyramidalis Stroem. .......
seerecticostulat? YOK... « s/s +6
» rugulata Tros. var. schneideri
SS ee ee ee ea ie
Buccinulus fraterculus Dkr... ... .
+ strigosus (Gld.). . 2... -
Buceinum fusoides Rve.. ......-
re spadiceum Rve. .....-

Buccinum strigatum Gm. . .

pe trochulus Rve.
Bulla angustata Ad.

A. CY LING TACEA, LE erit ye) yeuionnel 11 ~~) =

» multiarata Yok.

» ovula Sow.

ot epi yee), Ce
ay a STOKES tele ebay! by Sie

» vernicosa Gld.

Bullia PeLLyA Jays, ets tls ee
@xenum. yitreum Carpi “twa tsneticn is
Calliostoma shinagawensis Tok. .

* unicum Dkr.
Callista chinensis (Chem.). .. .
Calyptrea mammilaris (Brod.). ....

SPAS. Se) ee ve

Cancellaria asperella Lke. var. reeviana
a elegans Sow... .. Oe ce oer
< nodulifera Sow. . . «- = -
ss reeviana, Crosse. .45 . . - «

+ spengleriana Desh... .. .
Capulus badius Dkr. ..... +--+ =:
Cardita ferruginea (Ad.).
» rotunda Tok.

a) trate es, Wis te Faeroe

Gardiunt brauis Ok... -<.0d2 aussie ees
nF burehardi Dkr.
5 ealiforniense Desh.. .

a.) ste ee 8 e

se japonicum Dkr. .....-.-.
modestum Ad. et Rve.
- MUtiGuMm WVe:, fs occu
55 nubtali Bivé.u.. asw-aeees
= papyraceam Rom. ..... -
a simense Sow. .< “io sual «
fokunacar Woke. ccu-gentte 1
56 tuberculatum L. 45; @ seu -
Careliopsis angulifera Yok. ..... -
3 Obscura: Nokes wi aestie enc
Cassis strigata (Gu.)
ee undata, Kista. e) etemsiuenies mune
5 zebra: Lait. grew burch is hes spetkeme
Cemoria cucullata Gld.
Fs nobilis: Ad. %: si. fomemem—ne. =
Cerithiopsis nodosocostatus Yok... - -
a trisulcatus Yok. .
Cerithium kochi Phil... ...-+-++-s
Chama coralliophaga (Chem.)....- -

semipurpurata Lke.

efit ry eee s

”

il
Chemnitzia imbana Yok. ......-.
~ kidoensis Yok... ...
99 sematana Yok..
7 teganumana Yok. .....
Chione isabellina (Phil.) ......
x WMiINGAneUSIS SM. sik ee e+ «ts
Chrysodomns arthriticus (Val.) ....
33 despecta Lin. = £.°."% 21.
¥ pericochlion Schr... ..
is schrencki Siok... 2 Bers

Cingula plebeja Yok. .

e triarata: Pils: 3 2.68 eee hee ens
@lsva, Kochi; (Phi.)o. (age ates) oh ie
Collonia purpurescens Dkr.

Columbella aurantiaca Dall. .

: burchardi Dkr.

: dunkeri Tryon.

“: lischkei Sm. .

i masakado Yoke *S°s.240 5":

5 niveomarginata Sm

= praecursor Yok, .

5 smithi Yok: 2°50 222

e turriculata Yok. .
Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Chem.). .

6; lithophagella Dkr.

Coralliophila pachyrhaphe (Sm.).
Corbicula kohbelti Yok.

we wee. oe

~ pexdia- Pewee Se ee
+ sandai Reinh. .
+ sandaiformis Yok. .
Corbula erythrodon Lam. ....
* frequens Yok... .
5 pustulosa Yok.
% pygmea Yok. . .
* sematensis Yok. .
a striata Walth.
ae substriata, Yokes =
= venusta Gld. are
Crassatella heteroglypta (Pils.).
Ss japonica Sow. .
5: nana Ad. et. Rve.
“ oblongata Yok.

Crassatellites heteroglypta Pils.
Crenella decussata Mont.

* divaricata Yok. . . .

3 elegans Desh.. .

a spectabilis Ad.
Crepidula dilatata Lam. .

£ grandis Midd.

Cryptomya busoensis Yok.. .

JTNDEX.

101
103
103
103

149 |

150

|
|

Donax introradiatus Kve.

Cryptomya ellipticaAd.........
Cucullaria aldrichi Dol]. .......
x gracilis Hjsh.- 3%...
bs orientalisue ok... :s ay asses
Cuspidaria ligula YokR ........
Cyclina chinensis (Chem.). .....
Cyclostrema stillicidiatu.: Yok. ...
os suleatum Wat.
Cylichna musashiensis Tok. . ...
Cypricardia coralliophaga (Chem.)... .
x lirata Rve.
Cythara oyuana Yok. .
» rugosolabiata Yok.
Cytherea chinensis (Chem.).......
<3 exeavata Hav... 20 3.- ¢aeaemeune
5 menstrualisMke. ....
is meretrix Lb. a) eee

Dentalium edoense Tok... .....

ee hexagonum Gld......
53 nipponicum Yoke sever.
55 octangulatum Don. ....
as octogonum Lam.......
3 sexcostatum Sow.. .... .
3 weinkauiii Dkrit), ae aeomete
Diplodonta japonica Pils. .......
a semiaspera Phil. . 2:2, Stee.
- trigonula Br-2935 Aa
s usta Gid.. 63382
Dolium japonicum Dkr..2 >) 23a eee
a luteostomum Kiist. ......
5 variegatum Schr." .)).) 7a

Dosinia bilunulata Gray. . ......
09 exoleta Br. . ;
5 troscheli Lke... .

Drillia glabriuseula Yok.

» princpalis Pils... 2 scene 4s
» subauriformis Sm. .

Eburna japonica Rve.. ......
Egilina marielloides Yok. .......
Elusa cinnamomea Ad. ........
Emarginula vadososinuata Yok... ..
Ensis krusensternii (S¢hr.). . . 1... .
Ento .esma navicula Ad. et R. ....
* naviculoides Yok. .....
55 trun atissima Pilsi.7e. 2
Erato callosa Ad.et Rve. ......-.
» Jachryma Gray.'x\ sees chen

117
134
170
170
170

69

70

INDEX. lil

iudesia grayi (Dav.). ...-...-.- 199 | Leiostraca krishna Yok.. ....... 91
Hulima acerrima Wat... ...... 490) = tokunagai Yoko: e- 2h: ~ 90
+ BEeSeeeEe ws se 91 = unieincta: Yoke? gaetseins - ./ 89
cs glabroides Yok... .-...... 90 | Leptothyra crassilirata Yok... .. .. 108
2 mesnneEeewOKS Ge. 2... - ss 90 = purpurescens Dkr. ..... 107
2 SUMOMICUEA alc 2 = ee 90 e pyema, Yok. sehr: . < 108
53 SESE Ero V5 pee ee 90 | Leucotina gigantea (Dkr.). . 2... . 28
= pmnndaga Yoko 2 6. LS. 90 | Lima angulata Sow... ...... oat pLZD
Es puseincia Moko f°.) oS a BS > euriculata Wemsise eases 5; 178
Prastiéine mitenteatnves 73. Se 85 » basilaniea Ad: et Rye ens) oi eT
a papilla (Gm). .;- 9... 5.) & » hakodatensisTok........ oe
> .quantoensis Yoks)o: aie muss o.. 178
Welansa usta Gld.:.: . .. 2. ee. 20 159 » subauriculata (Mont.)....... 178
Fenella septentrionalis(Tok.) ..... 80 ww. Vulgataila Yoko . v2 brads a a. 179
Fustiaria nipponica Yok. ....... 119 | Limopsis adamsiana Yok. ....... 193
masa arkariticus Val. . . 2... 54 = areolata, Yok. cit i.i/Stetle: si: 194
BeEGereatiyeun Sin. 5°. 2 So Se Ss 52 :. aZzumMana: LOK? serie tt 2 evs
BIMPRMGHBNS Ke: 2. 1 Se 8 51 - cancellata Rveiyahscieressa = 193
BeERELIGGIOMOrD. =< . 2°. 9s". ss. 56 3 erenata Ad:. 5-273) ak sner. 193
PEETEIDOMLICUS OM. . . . . +s ee 52 - nipponica Yok. .....°. . 195
» pachyrhapheSm......... 63 + woodwardi Ad. ..). 2... 192
MMEEMIeZIIS:AG. = OS'S SS 8 we 51 | Lithophaga zitteliana Dkr. . ..... 175
- ROLES OE nia al of | Tucina\ borealis (L.).. ..#22) ese eeek 160
» contraria DEN} c) cae. 161
Genotia ogurana Yok........ 26788). Sl... tparvolla Gld. .. ..xasss.eteia 160
-s pseudopannus Yok. ...... 37 se pisidiam Dkr, .«..-Gn7 aman. 160
Globulus eostatus (Val.).. ....... 114 | Lucinopsis divaricata Lke. Jtlornne, FAS
» giganteus (Les.). ....... 113 | Lunella granulata Gm. var, minor Dkr. 107
Glycimeris generosus (Gld.).. . . . . . 121 | LutrariamaximaJon.......... 133
” + Mid’) 4 .eSeenen ale 133
Helcioniscus pallidus (Gld.).. . .. -. 117 c nutiali Dit: 2. Wheaties ~ 133
Meemetechiva (Pow.)......-.--. 58 | Lyonsia praetenuis Dkr... .... >. 169
eeeracerculus(Dkr:). .. 9... ene

mumnsremizen (Ads). 5 5 2. ek ef 58 | Macha divaricata Lke.-........ 136
| Machaera pulchellaCl. ........ 135
Meeeratrra YOK. 25 2! se. 93 | Macoma dissimilis (Mart.). ...... 142
~ Siva VOKs 2 6 ss. Ce | is inquinata (Desh).. .5.... 142
= nasuta(Conr!):7 ermdenin. . - 142
Jouannetia japonica Yok. ....... 120 ss Ripponics (Tek \oeernanet. «25 Lae
- kamakurensis Yok... ... 120 “2 praetexta (Mart.).. ... ... . 142
5, . secta (Commit Atalies thes oa. 142

Kellia suborbicularis Mont. .... . . 158} Macroschisma sinensis Ad. var. brevis
Yok. -< 2 a...» sae Shee eres
Lampania multiformis (Lke.)...... 72 | Mactracrossi Dkr. ......-.... 128
” mamnlia (Beas.). of). ooo. © 72 | +o, CunkerVok..o-< seems 128
Lasea rubra Mont. ....... pe, sfichGe +) ), grayana Sebr. (i). ts sce Oe. 130
MISTI Ateh NOK stow. ee 161 i, « ovalina Tam, 2 2 > <2sparee. 127
eennra Mewti 6. lier te, . 195 | bog. , ovalis Bye... 2 heeitar es 130
PeMMROE SM. 2g Se ee 196 | Speblienia Degh: =/.2020 22 eee ee

Leiostraca glabroides Yok... ..... 90 » ponderosa Phil. ........ 128

1V

Mactra sachalinensis Schr. var. imperialis 129 |

». . sbramines Dkrs¢ spa cake - 128")
» sulcataria Desh. . .... erm cds:
,, weneriformis Desh... .... . 126
Mangilia deshayesii Dkr. ....... 41
E fnkuchiana, Yok. 4 Gane reps -, =, 42
3 opiensis (‘Toke}Fe) aitassn dete 41
+3 oyuana, Yok: <7.) sen tai eae 43
i rugosolabiata Yok. ..... 41
Maryarita tasmanica Ten. W..... . 109
Marginella cotamazo Yok.. ..... . 49
s minuta ‘Pires bh ae kect adn. 58
i ovulam, Sow) «2c ka ks 49

= perovulum Yok, ...... 49

Marmorostoma granulataGm..... . 107)

Melania niponica Sm.......... 76

Mercenaria stimpsoniGld. ...... 148)

Meroe excavata (Hanl.).. ....... 147

B. .maonihes Rive: +) so A Sees. < 147

37. 1 ensprualis,(Mke.)) ceiy.esis .. .. 147
Meretrix chinensis (Chem.) ...... 146
- mereirix((Ee)4 cimdiieet es ogpekiz 146
Minolia angulata Tok. ........ 112

. tasmanica, Wis We Pcie iti... 109 |

Mitra albina Adams. ......... 50
py) whondana, Yok. <2 2-786) sittin... YS0

io opirmla Yok: .joh) 2incsie jh erst rie

Mitrella burchardi (Dkr.)........ 59 |
2 dankeri. Tes. itd. wc). Jao

Modiola: barbate (Us) ou. cae ee uc 174
a modiolns, Te chs) 4 20k h eri: oo pls
Moerchiella manzakiana Yok. ..... 79
Monoptygma eximia Lke. ....... 94)
” puncticulataGld ..... 94 |
Montacuta bidentata Mont. ..... 157)
os donacina Wood. ..... . 158 |
7 japonica .Yoks |) Ald ship. 157
x oblongata Yok. ...... 157 |
= yamakawai Yok. ...... 158

Mormula paucicostulata Tok.) . . . . 101

BS scrobiculata, Yokse.%," 3) 46 42 - 102}

Murex faleatus Sow. ...°. 2%... 65
Myodora fluctuosaGld. .. 2... 0... 170 |
7 reeyiana Suis; . eek see eS 171
Mysia picifica Tok. . 2... Stee ist. oD
» ff. semiaspera (Phil). 2... . 160 |
» usta (Gld);.. = Amebae el « 2255
Mytilus barbataL. .......... 174
Nassa festiva Powis... ...... Sp. 5S

INDEX.

Nassa japonica Ad. ...

”

lirata Dkr. «
tents Sm. . Be. .

Natica bicolor Schr. . . .

clausa Br. et. Sow.
janthostoma Desh.
lamarckiana Reel.
papyracea Bush.
powisiana (Recl.).
robusta Dkr. . ..

Naticina papilla (Gm.). .
Neptunea arthritica (Val.).

”

”

”?

despecta L. ..
spadicea Rve. .
trochulus (Rve.).

| Nerita papillaGm. ...

Neverita ampla (Phil.). .

>

vesicalis Dkr.

Nucula insignis Ad... .

Obeliscus pulchellus Ad. .
tenuiscriptus Lke.......
Ocinebra faleata (Sow-).. 21) jis ieee

”

spectata Yok. .

Odetta suboxia Yok... .
Odoncincta papyracea (Poli). .....
Odostomia culta D. et. B.

”

pity. fo Be! ws ee

« Gre nee Se ae

desimana:. Det Bs. eee

felix D.et B. .
gordonis Yok. |
kizakiensis Yok.
lactea Dkr. . .
limpida D. et B.
mariella D. et B

lo je 8 fe eae ae

marielloides Yok. . i. 200

neofelix Yok. .
oxia Wats...
plana Gould. .
shimosensis Yok
sublimpida Yok.
suboxia Yok. .
toneana Yok. .
venusta Yok. .

os «2. So eee

Oligotoma pannus (Bast.)........
Oliva fortunei (Ad.). . 2... is Sts

Olivella econsobrina Lke.. . .

”

fabula Mar. . .
fortunei Ad. ..

fulgurata Ad... ..

spreta Gld... .

&. (ae | mite Te

Olivella spretoides Yok. ........
Ostrea denselamellosa Lke. ......
és Pee Sas
=e TAMCROOURUENSCHT ch. ss = 6 Ge
sf POUSISNTANA YOK. 7 , 2 2 se
a squamataGm...... eR er
Oxyperas bernardi Pils. .......
Panopea generosa (Gl1d.) Tae
Panope generosa (Gld.).. .......
Parallelodon obliquatus Yok. .... .
Parasipho kroyeri (Méll). ......
Parviterebra paucivolvis Pils... ...
o raritans Yok.
Patella lamanonii Schr... .
- ELGG 021 |
Pecten crassicostatus Sow. . .
38 STD: 2 rr
- intuscostatus Yok. . ar
ee eUMerEIeCe ey 2s ee tle
PEL UMIHeALIB DOW... - .....- -
_ SO TSU Eo a a
Settee Se te le
BEMMPRETICIIONA SIOW- 5 5 = se es we
a PerumieGe Ge 6 se kt ee
oe subauriculatus Mont.......
- BBUplicaiOA SOW. . 6 + . . + +
“ tenuicostulatus Yok. .
a REYOETT a, we te
. foewocnmm Loks s 5 2 2 ww fe
o RSRPIONTINOEIEES 2 2-5. ec ew
Pectunculus albolineatus Lke.. ....
= RMR CYIOK. 2.2) st a 0 0 0
= SRRGMGN ORE... 2. 6 o
fe yamakawai Yok. .....
4 yessoensis.Sow.......
4 SGSui ATS) b) 3
Philine pygmaea Yok. ........
SueeealptarAd.*. 2 5... oF aes
Se FeUCREEMETE OK. ; 5 soc 2 6
Philippia cingula (Kien... .......
e psendoperspectivum (Br.) ..
Buuumertftamilid Gow... .....---
Zamna japonica Han), ......2..~.-
Pleuzotoma deshayesii (Dkr... .....
33 PEPHRINCE DK. ss so 8
Pleurotoma principalis (Pils.)......
5 subauriformis (Sm.)......
ps vertebrata Sm. ......
ge milion ras, 6s} se

Plicatula cuneata Dkr.

INDEX.

47 |

185
184
184
185
180

130 |

121

121 |

191
55

Vv

Polinices ampla (Phil... 2... 0. 84

PR powisianus (Recl... . 2...) 83

Poromya flexuosa Yok. ........ 173

Potamides fluviatilis Pet M. .... 71

4 ef: incisus Sef FPS eS 71

$5 zonalis Brag! Inge < | 72

Priene oregonensis (Redf.\, ee oar be

Psammobia kazusensis Yok. ..... . 136

23 maxima Desh... , 137

Ss viollacea (Lam.)... . . 137

Ptychatractus coreanusSm....... 52

Pt_cheulimella misella Yok. ..... 100

Puncturella nobilis Ad... ......, 116

Purpura heyseana Dkr... ...... 66

Pyramidella cinnamomea (Ad.). 93

Ke eximig (hike jer seinee 2.7 94.

5 mira” Yok. “2t"3- UP) ee 93

Pe pulcheHa, Ad®* (72a 3 91

39 aiva “Yoks**, eu ee oie 94

» tenuiscripta Lke. . . 94

93 virgo Ad. var. brevis Yok. . 92

Pyrgolampros planicostata Yok... .. 104

Pyrula bezoar L. var. japonica Dkr, 66

Raeta anatinoides (Rve.). . ...... 132

a7 Clluptica Yok: 2951, aa oe 131

oo.) SADIE Cs VG. te Se ee 132

a Pelbeulat(Deske).> coe seen eee 131

» . yokohamensis Pull OS 22 2. = 131

Napans bemar 11>... 7." co eee oe 66

5 - », var. thomasiana Cr. 66

a ~ » 9» japonica Dkr. 66

a thomasiana Crosse. ...: .. 66

Retusa globosa Yam. ......+. 25

cs mining) Yante ss es lee aieeee 25

os trancata Yam." "> 2 =). ae
Rhynchonella psittacea Ch. var. wood-

Ward? Ado oe nats ela se 200

2 woodwardiAd.. .... . 200

Ringicula arctata Gld. 30

es doliaris Gld.> s 2» 20 esse 30

z musashinoensis Yok. 30

iesda.plebeja: Vokoioe . Foss. fe ts ses 79

oe septentrionalis Yok. ...... 80

Rissoina manzakiana Yok........ 79

fiotella costatarWals ©. 5. = o <2 smens 114

nae pipanien eres ns, 5, a <0 ep aaa 113

Rupellaria semipurpurea Dkr... ... 151

Saxicava orientalis" Yom. "2! 7s ee 122

vi

Saxidomus nuttali Conr.

+ purpuratus (Sow.). . - + + +
Scala aurita (Sow.).. .
Scalaria aurita Sow... - 2+ «sees
acuminata Yok.
azumana Yok. ..

conjuncta Yok....--++-.
denticulata Sow.
eximia Ad. et Rve.
frondicula Wood... «.- -.-
tracusensic MOK bien) Gisws, ee
maculosa Ad. et Rve. .....

picturata Yok ....-+-+--
scaberrima Micht.. .... .-
subfrondicula Yok. ..... .
yamakawai Yok. ......-.
Scapharca subcrenata (Lke.’.
Seila trisuleata Yok. ..
Sigaretus oblongus Rve.. ......--
33 papilla (Gm.)......-.+--
Siliqua pulchella (Dkr.).
Sipho kroyeri Moll... .-... wists
»» Dipponicus Yok.

wi a Oe ae

BS ODESILOLIMNIS VOKS © cy ah se es ae
» Obesus Sow. .
Siphonalia kellettii (Forbes).

” spadicea (Rve.).

= stearmsis ess, 20s 2 eben
a trochulus (Bive;)..<.....6 << »
Skenea nipponica Yok. ........
oe RSnOC Ine ADE. 28 see se

» planorboides Yok...... J:
Solariella philippensis Wat.......
angulata (Tok.).. .

Solarium cingulum Kien. .......

=“ perspectivum Wein. ....
~ pseudoperspectivum (Br.).. .
Solecurtus divaricatus (Lke.). .....

Bolen grandis Dkr. yscio se aig soe
55: eTasenRlerniiochr, oe... SHE

Solenotellina violacea (Desh.). . ....

Soletellina cumingiana Desh .....
9 japonica Deb. . .....-s
; OLIVACOR SRY = ins 1s esis esi, «2
- violacea Lam. , .... idee

Solidula clathrata Yok. .... =e
- fratercula Dkr... ... -

+ strigora (Gld:): aioe enews
Spisula bernardi Pils... .
» grayana (Schr.),......

INDEX.

153
153
85
85
89
86
88
87
87
88
87
85
89
89
88
87
187

110

136
134
134
137
137
138
138
137

24

22

22
130
130

Spondylus cruentus Lke. ......-.
Stomatella lyrata Pils,
Strioturbonilla pacifiea Yok... ..
- sagamiana Yok. ....
Strombus japonicus Rye.
Ss vittatus L.
Sunetta excavata (Hanl.),
+ menstrualis (Mke.). ......
Syrnola cinnamomea (Ad.).

« ie oe) Ss eae
S epee. 6 « Be en ieee

ob ey &, Riess See

* 2° 0 «ene

Tapes englyptus (Phil)... ... = =) seen
» philippinarum (Ad. et Rve.)....

» variegatus Hanl.
Tellina alternata Say var. chibana Yok.

53 delta Yok.

a je « jer oot eee

x inconerua Mark... .7. ane
“5 inquinata Desh... ...
» jedoensis like."S 3.0.)
»| Miyatensis Yok. . oj ae
» wvasuta Conn ... 5.5 eee
>> »nipponicay/Lok ..* ae OES
a nitidula Dkr. \4. 3 Sie
52 ojyiensis Voks\. . c) teu ‘
» papyraces Toki...) =) pene
5 practexta, Mart. ..< is elms
ae secta, Coumge «72/5. a ae e :
55 venulosa Schei 2 2. eee
Terebra alveolata: Hds., 2. -caeneeeee
es chibana Yok: ses. sen eee
- gotoensis Sm>..1 4 «pee
Me granulosa Sm:,.) . 2 Japan ee
ra hedleyi Pils... «<>. eee
= latisulcata Yoko, «2. -. usenee
af lischkeana Dkr... = 2 sane
A pustulosa:Sm.\.).;. - = 2 sues
ae quadriarata Yok. .......

a rechicostata. Yok, 3.) 50. eeeeee

» smithi Yok ©. 2. 5 522

5 suavides, Mok: cvs. . 5 Soe

+ tsuboiana’ Yok.) ., . 20s amaue
Terebratella coreanica A.etR. ....
ne pulvinata Dav. ......
Terebratula grayi Dav. .......-.
ms pulvinata GldS pea
Thracia papyracea (Poli). . ...-.-;
~ phaseolina Phil. |... 7a

5 sematana, Yok. ..\.. coon

» transmontana Yok.......
Thyasira trigonata Yok. .......
Thylacodes medusae Pilss ....-..-

179
115
105
104
70
70
147
147
93

152
152
153
140
141
143
142
138
141
143
142
139
141
171
142
142
139

198
199
199
199
171
172
173
172
158

75

Tiberia pulchella (Ad.). ...... ae
Torinia elegantula Yok, .......
Tornatella gigantea (Dkr.) .. pate

*s eitite@ysoh (C7 G 1) re

Tornatina exilis Dkr.

is longispirata Yam. .....
Trapezium liratum (Rve)........
e nipponicum Yok.) ...-. .:
* ventricosum Yok. .....
Brena nuttalr(Comr.). .......-.
Trichotropis coronata Br... .....
35 unicarinata Br, et Sow. . .
Triforis multigyrata Yok.........
és TARR RG) oe
Trigonella suleataria (Desh.). . ....
bs veneriformis (Desh.).. .
Triton oregonensis Redf. .......
Peetenuiliratus Like. .....
Tritonium arthriticum (Val.’. .
= eancellatum Schr. .....
53 fraterculum (Dkr.).. .. .
3 oregonense Redf. ......
* MEECVI(GEY). 5 « «sss alo
= tenuiliratum (Lke.). ....
Trochita mammilaris (Broad.).. . .
Trochus adamsianus Schr... ......
os anonlatus Tok... ... « « ‘
ss MISES AG. 5 5 5 ee we
~ pseudoperspectivum (Br... . ..
= shinagawensis Tok.......
35 Briar YOK, ss 2 5 ss ©
Trophon clavatus Sars. ........
= pachyrhaphe (Sm.).......
=f Bpbelavants YOK... ss. -«

‘arbo coronabus Gm, .°. ... +...
Peeeraniiatos Gm... + . « «

Turbonilla angulifera Yok.......
- Giaker: Clos . «5 2 3 8
= elegantissima Mont. ....
z MARRIED WOK. 9555 6 5 8 we
Pe Fodocusis, Yok... . . «+ »
= PRIETO ts en 5 ws ww
ey BpEGuEB NOK: aime «se ss
5 paeiien YOK. . +. » is «
ap paucicostulata Yok. ....
» planicostata Yok. .....
a sagamiana Yok. .....-

INDEX.

91
78
23

109

107
107
106
101
101
101
103
100
106
105
101
104
104

vil
Turbonilla scrobiculata Yok. 102
~~ sematansa; Woks... 7. 24). ¢ 103
Pe teganumana Yok. . 103
2 triarata; Pils.: 1S tg. watoths 105
Turcica imperialis Ad. ....-... 111
Tympanotonos fluviatilis P.et M. ... 71
Typhis arcuatus Hds. . . . 64
jarMaponieus Ads 46-0 3. tisrealts Sb 64
Uber powisianum (Pow.). 83
Umbonium costatum Val........ 114
ae giganteum (Less)... . . 113
Ps moniliferum Lam...... 114
- superburniGldiy m1 cece oe 114
Venericardia cipangoana Yok. 162
ee compressa: Yok. 524-0. i.3 162
35 ferruginea (Ad.).. . . . . 162
3 toneana Yok. 163
Venerupis semipurpurea (Dkr.). . .. . 151
Venus borealis;Chem, 5 2 <a, se se 163
= 5 Ei cunbgis’ eee Gael coreeaies 160
ES chinensis Chem... : | sslseee 145
= gecussatal Sehre: 4 +.) se bee 152
Ss euglyptar bbl. "2 2) 1 1st ee 152
a folacea EO a=, .ete eee 150
53 isabellina Phil: «sata. ono 150
Venus jedoensis Lke. .....-.. 148
#3 WIGREGTER Us as. to) eo, lamaee eee eee 146
a neastartoides Yok. 42.92. 5... 149
» philippinarum Ad. et Rve. 152
i. stn psOnd Gld.2) i. maak eee 148
Vertagus kochii (Phil... . . fi
Vola excavata (Ant.). ..... 183
Voluta megaspira Sow. .....-... 50
Volutharpa perryi (Jay). ........ 57
Volvula acuminata Brug. ....... 27
- eTIbae: OOS larch, ooo ae ee 27
ze acutaeformis Yok. ..... 2. 26

= angustata (Ad.). ......-. 2

ae mintita BUSH. \.)s\s, Ges seule 2
ss oxytata Bush. . = -. = == = 27
Waldheimia grayi Dav........ 199
Noldiaarehica bY.o-. - <= eben 196
zs lanceolata SOWs = es ss eee 196
es MOUUDISE VOKe 1 <3. ee tee . 196

vill

ADDENDA.

On page 167, to the description of Trapezium nipponicum, the following lines
should be added :

Two small left valves shown in figs. 12 and 15, plate VI, seem to be the young forms
of this species. They are comparatively longer, with the surface-keel very sharp and more

or less spiny.

Published July 7th, 1922.

M. YOKOYAMA:

: Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

ee PLATE .

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ig. 16, 17. Ringicula musashinoensis Yok. 16. Normal form. Shits. 17. Smooth

ig. 24.
ig. 25.
ig. 26.

ig. 29.

ig. 33,
ig. B4.
ig. 35.
36.
ig. 37.
. 38.

Plate [.

Solidula strigosa Gould. a. Surface enlarged to show punctured lines.
Otake, “Pr 22.

Solidula-clathrata Yok. Shits. P. 23.

Leucotina gigantea Dkr. Otake. P. 23.

Tornatina exilis Dkr. a. Apical view. Otake. P. 24.

Tornatina longispirata Yam, Shits. P. 24.

Retusa globosa Yam. a, Apical view. Otake. P. 25.

Retusa truncata Yam. a. Apical view. Otake. P. 25.

Volvula angustata Ad. var. a. Apical view. Otake. P. 26.

Volvula acutaeformis Yok. Shito. P. 26. —

Cylichna musashiensis Tok. Otake. P. 27.

Philine scalpta Ad. Shisui, P. 27.

Philine scalpta Ad. (?) Kioroshi. P. 28.

Philine pygmaea Yok. Otake. P. 28.

Bulla multiarata Yok. 14a. Surface enlarged. Shito. P. 29.

Bulla ovula Sow. Shisui. P. 29.

form. Otake. P. 80.
Terebra gotoensis Smith. 18a. Surface enlarged. Otake. P. 81.

19. ‘Terebra hedleyi Pils. a. Upper whorls enlarged. b. Lower whorls enlarged.
Otake. P. 81.

20, Terebra chibana Yok. Otake. P. 32.

21. Terebra smithi Yok. Otake. P. 33.

22. Terebra quadriarata Yok, 22a. Whorls enlarged. Shitd. P. 34.

23. Terebra latisuleata Yok. a. Surface enlarged. Shitd. P. 34.
Terebra suavidica Yok. Shisui. P. 35.
Parviterebra raritans Yok, Otake. P. 86.
Pleurotoma vertebrata Smith. a shows the slit. Shitd. P. 87.

ig. 27, 28. Genotia pseudopannus Yok. 27. Otake. 28. Var. sematensis. Shitd. P. 37.
Genotia ogurana Yok. a shows the shallow lip-notch. Otaka. P. 38.
. 80. Drillia subauriformis Smith. a shows lip-notch. Kamenari. P. 40.

ig. 31, 32. Drillia glabriuseula Yok. 31a, 82a show lip-notch. 82. Var. brevis. Shits.

P. 40.
Mangilia ojiensis Tok. a shows lip-notch. Shits. P. 41.
Mangilia fukuchiana Yok. a shows lip-notch. Otake. P. 42.
Mangilia (Cythara) rugoso-labiata Yok. a shows lip-notch. Otake.
Mangilia (Cythara) oyuana Yok. Shisui, P. 43,
Bela rugulata Tros. var. schneideri Harm. Otake. P. 44.
Bela recticostulata Yok. a shows lip-notch, Shits. P. 44.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV. Art. 1, Pl. 1.

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_ J. Iseizaxt del. M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

PLASE..tKI.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig. 11.

ODD oP w Po

10.

Fig. 12.

Fig.
Fig.

13.
14.

Plate II.

Cancellaria nodulifera Sow. Shito. P. 45.

Cancellaria asperella Lam. var. reeviana Cr. Otake. P. 46.

Olivella fortunei Ad. 3a. Basal portion of the shel]. Shisui. P. 47.
Olivella spretoides Yok. Shito. P. 47.

Ancilla hinomotoensis Yok. a. Lateral view (from left). Shito. P. 48.
Marginella cotamago Yok. a. Apical view. Shito. P. 49.

Marginella perovulum Yok. a. Apical view. Shito. P. 49.

Mitra hondana Yok. Shits. P. 50.

Mitra pirula Yok. Shito. P. 51.

Fusus coreanicus Smith. Shits, P. 52.

Fusus niponicus Smith. a. Surface sculpture enlarged. Shite. P. 52.
Chrysodomus arthriticus Val. Otake. P. 53.

Chrysodomus schrencki Yok. Shito. P. 54.

Sipho (Parasipho) nipponicus Yok. Otake. P. 56.

Figs. 15, 16,17. Siphonalia trochulus Rve. Shito. P. 56.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

= " » Otake. P. 56.
Volutharpa perryi Jay. Sluto. P. 57.
Eburna japonica Rve. Otake. P. 57.
Nassa (Hima) fratereulus Dkr. Otake. P. 59.
Columbella (Atilia) turriculata Yok. Otake. P. 61.
Columbella (Atilia) masakadoi Yok. Otake. P. 62.
Columbella (Atilia) smithi Yok. Otake. P. 61.
Columbella (Atilia) praecursor Yok. Shito. P. 61.
Columbella (Mitrella) dunkeri Tryon. Slender form. Shito. P. 62.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV. Art. 1, PI. I.

M. YoxoyamA: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

J. IsHizaxi del.

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Plate Ill.

Trophon pachyrbaphe Smith. Tega. P. 638.
Trophon subclavatus Yok. Shits. P. 64.
Typhis arcuatus Hinds. Shits. P. 64.
Ocinebra falcata Sow. Shito. P. 65.
Ocinebra spectata Yok. Otake. P. 65.
Rapana bezoar L. var. thomasiana Crosse,
Purpura heyseana Dkr. Shito. P. 66.
Triton tenuiliratus Lke. Shite. P. 67.
Cassis strigata Gm. Otake. P. 68.
Dolium luteostomum Kiist. Tega. P. 69.
Erato callosa Ad. et Rve. a. Apical view. Otake. P. 69.
Strombus japonicus Rve. Otake. P. 70.

Cerithium (Clava) kochi Phil. Otake. P. 71.
Cerithiopsis nodoso-costatus Yok. Shits. P. 73.
Cerithiopsis trisuleatus Yok. Shits. P. 73.

Triforis otsuensis Yok, Shits. P. 74.

Thylacodes medusae Pils. Shito. P. 75.

Cecum vitreum Carp. Shito. P. 76.

Solarium cingulum Kien. Shits. P. 77.

Solarium pseudoperspectivum Broce. Shits. P. 77.

nat. Size. Otake.

tole

P. 66.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. 1.

M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

J. ISHIZAKI del.

M. YOKOYAMA:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa,

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Plate IV.

1. Melania niponica Smith. Otake. P. 76.
Fig. 2. Torinia elegantula Yok. Shito. P. 78.
ig. 3. Rissoa (Cingula) plebeja Yok. Shito. P. 79.
Fig. 4. Rissoina (Moerchiella) manzakiana. Otake. P. 79.
5,6. Fenella septentrionalis Tok. 5. Otake. Vertical ribs indistinct. 6. Tega.
P30;

Fig. 7. Skenea nipponica Yok. Tega. P. 81.
Fig. 8. Skenea planorboides Yok. Shito. P. 81.
Fig. 9. Capulus badius Dunk. a. Side-view. Kamenari. P. 82.

Fig. 10. Crepidula grandis Midd, Shito. P. 82.

Fig. 11. Sigaretus (Hunaticina) oblongus Rve. Shito. P. 85.
Fig. 12. Polinices powisianus Recl. Otake. P. 83.

Fig. 13. Scalaria aurita Sow. Otake. P. 85.

Fig. 14. Scalaria maculosa Ad. Otake. P. 86.
Fig. 15. Scalaria azumana Yok. Shits. P. 86.

Fig. 16. Scalaria kazusensis Yok. Shitd. P. 87.

Fig. 17. Scalaria yamakawai Yok. Otake. P. 87.

Fig. 18. Scalaria conjuncta Yok. Tega. P. 88.

Fig. 19. Scalaria subfrondicula Yok. Shitd. P. 88.

Fig. 20. Scalaria picturata Yok. Shito. P. 89.

Fig. 21. Kulima (Leiostraca) unicincta Yok. Otake. P. 89.

Fig. 22. Hulima (Leiostraca) tokunagai Yok. Otake. P. 90.

Fig. 23. Eulima (Leiostraca) glabroides Yok. Shitd. P. 90.

Fig. 24. Eulima (Leiostraca) krishna Yok. Shitd. P. 91.

Fig. 25. Pyramidella (Iphiana) mira Yok. Shito. P. 93.

Fig. 26. Pyramidella (Iphiana) siva Yok. Shito. P. 94.

Fig. 27. Odostomia (Odostomia) gordonis Yok. Otake. P. 95.

Fig. 28. Odostomia (Odostomia) shimosensis Yok. Otake. P. 96.
Fig. 29. Odostomia (Odostomia) kizakiensis Yok. Tega. P. 97.
Fig. 30. Odostomia (Odostomia) venusta Yok. Shito. P. 97.

Fig. 31. Odostomia (Odostomia) toneana Yok. Otake. P. 98.

Fig. 82. Odostomia (Odostomia) suboxia Yok. Otake. P. 98.

Fig. 38. Odostomia (Odetta) neofelix Yok. Shisui. P. 99.

Fig. 34. Odostomia (Kgilina) marielloides Yok. Tega. P. 100.
Fig. 85. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) imbana Yok. Shisui. P. 101.
Fig. 36. Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) misella. Yok. Otake. P. 100.
Fig. 87. Turbonilla (Mormula) paucicostulata Tok. Shitd. P. 101.
Fig. 38. Turbonilla (Mormula) serobiculata Yok. Otake. P. 102.
Fig. 39. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) kidoensis Yok. Tega. P. 108.
Fig. 40. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) teganumana Yok. Tega. P. 103.
Fig. 41. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) sematana Yok. Shits. P. 103.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. [V.

M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

J. IsHizAkKI del.

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Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Plate V.

Siphonalia kellettii Forbes (somewhat reduced). Shite, P. 56.

Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinnamomea Ad. Otake. P. 98,

Pyramidella (Agatha) virgo Ad. var. brevis Yok. Otake P. 92.

Philine takatensis Yok. a (the lowest of the three figs., not shaded). Front-
view. Shits. P. 28.

Triforis multigyrata Yok. Shito. P. 74.

Pyramidella (Tiberia) pulchella Ad. Otake. P. 91,

Odostomia desimana Dall et Bartsch. Shit. P. 97.

Sigaretus (Eunaticina) papilla Gmel. Shisui. P. 84.

Sigaretus (Eunaticina) oblongus Reeve. Shits, P. 85.

Turbo (Marmorostoma) granulatus Gmel. Narita. P. 107.

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) planicostata Yok. Shisui, P. 104.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) sagamiana Yok. Otake. P. 104.

Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) pacifica Yok. Shito. P. 105.

Turbonilla (Cingulina) triarata Pils. Shisui. P. 105.

Turbonilla (Careliopsis) obscura Yok. a. Spiral sculpture (growth-lines not
shown). Shits. P. 106.

Turbonilla (Careliopsis) angulifera Yok. Shits. P. 106.

Leptothyra pygmaea Yok. Tega. P. 108.

Trochus spinigera Yok. Shits. P. 109.

Minolia tasmanica Tenison et Wood. Otake. P. 109.

Solariella angulata Tok. Shits. P. 111.

Solariella philippensis Wat. Otake. P. 110.

Leptothyra crassilirata Yok. Tega. P. 108.

Turcica imperialis Ad. Shito. P. 111.

Basilissa ? laeviuscula Yok. Shito. P. 113.

Calliostoma unicum Dkr. var. shinagawensis Tok. Otake. P. 112.

Cyclostrema stillicidiatam Yok. Shito. P. 114.

i

Jour. Sci, Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. V.

oe

oe eas

ee

M. Yokoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

J. Isnizaxt del.

M. YOKOYAMA:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

Plate VI.

Fig. 1. Pyramidella (Acteopyramis) eximia Lke. Otake. P.94.
Fig. 2. Stomatella lyrata Pils. Otake. P. 115.

Fig. 3. Macroschisma sinensis Ad. var. laevis Yok. Otake. P, 115.

Fig. 4. Puncturella nobilis Ad. Shito, P. 116.

Fig. 5. Emarginula vadososinuata Yok. Shits. P. 117.

Fig. 6. Dentalium weinkauffii Dkr. Otake. P. 118. (The concave side should have
been drawn with a more uniform curve).

Fig. 7. Dentalium (Fustiaria) nipponicum Yok. Shito. P. 119.

Figs. 8,9. Corbula erythrodon Lam. ¥ nat. size. 8. Right valve. 9. Left valve.
Otake. P. 122.

Fig. 10. Jouannetia kamakurensis Yok. Shits. P. 120.

Fig. 11. Entodesma naviculoides Yok. Shits. P. 170.

Figs. 12, 18. Trapezium nipponicum Yok. (very young specimens)?. Shito. P. 270.

Figs. 14,15. Panope generosa Gld. [eft valves. 14. Normal form. Tega. 15.
Elongated form. 2 nat. size, Otake. P. 121.

Figs. 16,17. Corbula frequens Yok. 16. Left valve. 17. Right valve. Shito. P.
128.

Fig. 18. Corbula pustulosa Yok. Right valve. Otake. P. 123.

Figs. 19, 20. Corbula sematensis Yok. 19. Right valve. 20. Left valve. Shits. P.
124.

Jour. Sci. Cotl., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. V1.

J. Isuizaxz del. M. YoxoyAMA: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

a M. YOKOYAMA:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

BATE. ¥ Le

—— _

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es

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Figs.

Fig.
Figs

Fig.

Figs.
Figs.

Plate VII.

1,2. Cryptomya busoensis Yok. 1, Right valve. 2. Left valve. a shows depth.
Otake. P. 126.

8. Corbula substriata Yok. Right valve. Shito. P. 125.

4,5. Corbula pygmaea Yok. 4. Right valve. a shows depth. 5. Left valve
Tega. P. 125.

6. Mactra sulcataria Desh. Shito. P. 126.

7,8. Mactra dunkeri Yek. 7. Right valve. 8. Left valve. Shito. BP. 128.

9,10. Mactra sachalinensis Schr. var. imperialis Yok. } nat. size. 9. Broad
and triangular form. Shito. 10. Higher and more ovate form. Otake.
Px129,

Fig. 11. Soletellina olivacea Jay. Left valve. Shits. P. 188.
Fig. 12,18. Mactra ovalina Lam. 12. Left valve. Otake. 18. Right valve. Tega.

PeAi2i;

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 7, Pl. Vil.

J. Isuizaxt del. M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

‘
7

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M. YOKOYAMA:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

mire, VIL

Plate VIII.

Figs. 1,2. Spisula grayana Schr. Shito. P. 130.
Figs. 8, 4. Spisula bernardi Pils. Kioroshi. P. 180.
Figs. 5,6. Raeta yokohamensis Pils. Otake. P. 181.
Fig. 7. Raeta elliptica Yok. Tega. P. 131.

Fig. 8. Tresus nuttali Conr. 3 nat. size. Otake. P. 138.

Figs. 9,10. Lutraria maxima Jon. 2 nat. size. Otake. P. 133.
Fig. 11. Tellina nitidula Dkr. Shisui. P. 189.

Figs. 12, 13. Raeta magnifica Yok. Tega. P. 132.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV. Art. 1, Pi. Vill.

J. Isnizaxt del. M. Yoxovama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

Re M. YOKOYAMA:

Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

Pi Bb

Fig.

Figs.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Figs.

-
Fig.

Figs.

Figs.

Plate IX.

1. Solen grandis Dkr. Left valve. Otake. P. 184.

2,3. Montacuta japonica Yok. 2. Left valve. 8. Right valve. Otake. P.
157.

Psammobia kazusensis Yok. Left valve. Shitd. P. 136.

Solen krusensterni. Schrenck. Right valve. Otake. P. 184.

Raeta pellicula Desh. Left valve. Otake, P. 181.

Siliqua pulchella Dkr. Right valve. Otake. P. 185.

, 9. Donax introradiatus Reeve. 8. Left valve. 9. Right valve. Tega.

P. 136. ;
10. Montacuta yamakawai Yok. Right valve. Shisui. P. 158.

ornare

11,12. Thyasira trigonata Yok, 11. Right valve. 12. Left valve. Shito.
P2158,

18, 14. Soletellina violacea Lam. 18. Right valve. 14. Left valve. Otake.
Pele

. 15,16. Tellina jedoensis Lischke. 15. Left valve. 16. Right valve. Tega.

P. 188.

g. 17. Soletellena olivacea Jay. Right valve. Shits. P. 1388.

J. IsH1zAki del.

Jour. Sci. Coll, Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. 1X.

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M. YoxoyaMa : Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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YOKOYAMA :

PLATE Xs. |

Fig.

Figs.

Fig.
Figs.

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Fig.
Figs.

Fig.

Figs.

Plate X.

1. Tellina venulosa Schrenck. Left valve. Otake. P. 189.

2,3. Macoma praetexta Mait. 2. Right valve. 3. Left valve. Shisui.
P42:

4. Macoma dissimilis Mart. Left valve. Otake. P. 143.

5,6. ‘Tellina alternata Say var. chibana Yok. 5. Left valve from Otake. 6.
Right valve from Kamenari. P. 140.

7. Lucinopsis divaricata Lischke. Left valve. a shows depth. Shitd. P. 145.

8,9, 10. Tellina delta Yok. 8. Right valve. 9. Left valve. 10. Seen from
beak-side. Otake. P. 141.

11. Astarte borealis Chem. Left valve. Somewhat enlarged (X1!). a. In-
side, b. Outside. Shito. P. 163.

12,13. Dosinia bilunulata Gray. 12. Left valve. 13. Right valve. Otake.
P. 144.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV. Art. 1, Pl. X.

J.Isuizaxidel. M. YoxoyamA: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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PLATE C6

Fig.

Figs.

Fig.

Fig.

Figs.

Figs.

Figs.

Plate XI.

1. Macoma secta Conrad. Left valve. Otake. P. 143.

2,3. Chione mindanensis Smith. 2. Right valve. 3. Left valve. Shito.
P. 150.

4. Meretrix meretrix Linne. Left valve. Otake. P. 146.

5. Meretrix (Callista) chinensis Chem. Right valve. Shito. P. 146.

6, 7, 8. Sunetta excavata Hanley. 6 ab. Left valve from Kioroshi, formerly
considered to be a different species under the name of S. menstrualis
Menke. 7. A young left valve from Otake (typical S. excavata). 8. A
young right valve of menstrualis-type from Otake. P. 147.

9,10. Venus neastartoides Yok. Kioroshi. 9 ab. left valve. 10. Right
valve. P. 149.

11, 12. Venus stimpsoni Gould. Otake. 11. Left valve. 12. Right valve.
P. 148.

‘ Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV. Art. 1, Pl. XI.

11

J. Isuizak1 del. M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Fig. 8.
Rie 9;

Plate XII,

Venerupis semipurpurea Dkr. 1, Left valve. 2. Right valve (a form
more truncate both in front and behind). Otake. P. 151.
Gardium burchardi Dkr. Right valve. Otake. P. 15%

gs. 4, 5,6. Cardium tokunagai Yok. 4. Var. ovata. Shisui. 5, 6. Typical

forms, Otake. P. 156.
Cardium muticum. Reeve. Right valve. Otake. P. 154.
Tapes euglyptus Phil. Left valve. Kioroshi. P. 152.
Saxidomus purpuratus Sow. Right valve. Otake. P. 153.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. XII.

M. YoxoyaMAa: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Plate XII.

Fig. lab. Trapezium ventricosum Yok. Left valve. Otake. P. 108.

2. Cardium braunsi Tok. Right valve. Otake. P. 155.

Fig. 3. Diplodonta usta Gld. Left valve. Otake. P. 159.

Fig. 4. Venericardia cipangoana Yok. Left valve. Otake. P. 162.

Fig. 5. Chama semipurpurata Lke. Convex valve. Otake. P. 161.

Figs. 6,7. Venericardia toneana Yok. 6. Left valve. 7. Right valve. Shito.
Enlarged about 4 times. P. 163.

Fig. 8. Crassatella nana Ad. et Rve. Right valve. Kioroshi. P. 164.

Figs. 9,10. Montacuta oblongata Yok. 9. Left valve. 10. Right valve. Drawn
after Oji specimens, those from Kazusa and Shimosa being too imperfect
for figuring. P. 157.

Fig. 11. Trichotropis unicarmata Brod. Shits, P. 75.

Figs. 12,13. Terebra tsuboiana Yok. 12, Kioroshi. 18. A living shell from
Sagami Sea for comparison, the sculpture being more distinct. P. 35.

Figs. 14, 15. Corbicula sandaiformis Yok. 14. Left valve. 15. Right valve. Shito.
P. 165.

Fig. 16: Trapezium liratum Reeve. Left valve. Otake. P. 168,

Fig. 17. Trapezium nipponicum Yok. Right valve. Otake. P.167. The left
valves shown in figs. 12 and 13 of plate VI may be the young forms of
this species.

Figs. 18, 19. Corbicula kobelti Yok. 18. Right valve. 19. Left valve. Shits. P.
166.

Jour, Sci, Coll., Vol, XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. XII

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Plate XIV.

Fig. 1. Odostomia limpida Dall. Otake. P. 96.

Fig. 2. Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. Right valve. Shisui. P. 160.

Figs. 38,4. Cuspidaria ligula Yok. 3. Left valve. 4. Right valve. Shits. P. 169.
Fig. 5. Coralliophaga coralliophaga Chem. Right valve. Shits. P. 166.

Figs. 6,7. Myodora fiuctuosa Gld. 6. Left valve. 7. Right valve. Otake. P.

170.

Figs. 8,11. Myodora reeviana Smith. 8. Right valve. a. Front view. 11. Left
valve. a. Shows depth. Shito. P. 171.

Figs. 9,10. Lyonsia praetenuis Dkr. 9. Right valve. 10. Left valve. Otake. P.
169.

Figs. 12. Thracia papyracea Poli. Right valve. a. Shows depth. Otake. P. 171.

Figs. 18,14. Thracia transmontana Yok. 13. Right valve. a. Shows depth. 14.
Left valve. Shits. P. 172.

Figs. 15,16. Poromya flexuosa Yok. 15. Left valve. a. Shows depth. 16. Right
valve. Shits. P. 173.

Figs. 17, 18. Thracia sematana Yok. 17. Right valve. a. Shows depth? 18. Left
valve. Shitd. P. 178.

Fig. 19. Modiola barbata L. Right valve. Tega. P. 174.

Figs. 20,21. Anomia sematana Yok. Somewhat enlarged (4). Convex valves.
Shits. P. 177.

Figs. 22, 28. Anomia lunula Yok. 4. 22. Flat valve. 23. Convex valve. Otake.
Pog:

Fig. 24. Spondylus cruentus Lke. 4. Upper valve. Otake. P. 179.

Fig. 25. Plicatula cuneata Dkr. #4. Right valve. Kamenari. P. 180.

Fig. 26. Pecten laetus Gld. Shits. P. 180.

Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. XIV.

J. Isnizaxi del. M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Plate XV.

1,2. Pecten tissoti Bern. 1. Right valve. 2. Left valve. Shito. P. 182.

8. Pecten subplicatus Sow. Right valve. Kioroshi. P. 181.

4. Arca (Anomalocardia) granosa L. Left valve. Shisui. P. 186.

5. Ostrea musashiana Yok. Lower valve. Shito. P. 185.

6,7. Pecten excavatus Ant. 6. Flat valve. 7. Convex valve. Shits. P. 183.

8. Pinna japonica Han]. Fragment of a beak-portion. Shits. P. 185.

9. Arca (Anomalocardia) inflata Rve. Left valve. Otake. P. 187.

10, 11. Crenella divaricata Yok. 10. Left valve. a shows depth. 11. Right
valve. Shits. P. 175.

Fig. 12. Arca (Scapharea) suberenata Lke. Left valve. Otake. P. 187.

Jour, Sci, Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. XV.

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. IsHizaKi del. M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa,

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M. YOKOYAMA:
Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Plate XVI.

Pectunculus vestitus Dkr. Adult specimens from Otake. 1. Right
valve. 2. Left valve. P. 189.
Do. Young right valve from Tega. P. 189.
Pectunculus yamakawai Yok. 4. Right valve. 5. Left valve. Shito.
P. 190.
Pectunculus yessoensis Sow. 6. Left valve. 7. Right valve. Shito.
P. 183)
Pectunculus pilsbryi Yok. 8. Left valve. 9. Right valve. Shits. P.
LOG:

Jour. Sci. Coli., Vol. XLIV, Art. 7, Pl. XVI.

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PLATE XVIL

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Plate XVII.

Figs. 1, 2, 8. Pectunculus albolineatus Lke. Otake 1, 3. Left yalves. 2. Right
valve. P. 188.

Fig. 4. Lela confusa Han]. Left valve. Tega. P. 195.

Fig. 5. Limopsis woodwardi Ad. Left valve. Tega. P. 192.

Figs. 6,7. Limopsis areolata Yok. Shito. 6. Left valve. 7. Right valve. P.
194,

Figs. 8,9. Cucullaria orientalis Yok. Shits. 8. Right valve. 9. Left valve. P.
191.

Fig. 10. Yoldia notabilis Yok. Right valve. Otake. P. 196.

Figs. 11, 12. Eudesia grayi Dav. Shitd. 11. Ventral valve. 12. Dorsal valve. P.
199.

Figs. 18. Rhynchonella psittacea Chem. var. woodwardi Ad. a. Dorsal view. b.
Ventral view. P. 200.

Fig. 14. Lithophaga zitteliana Dkr. Otake. Fragment of a right valve. P. 175.

Fig. 15. Pecten tenuicostulatus Yok. Shitd. Left valve. P. 184.

Figs. 16,17. lLimopsis nipponica Yok. 16. Left valve. 17. Right valve. Kioroshi.
P. 195. nee Eo -

Figs. 18,19. Lima vulgatula Yok. Shito. 18. Right valve. 19. Left valve. P.
179.

' Jour. Sci. Coll., Vol. XLIV, Art. 1, Pl. XVII.

J, Isuizaxi del M. Yoxoyama: Fossils from Kazusa and Shimosa.

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Vol. XLIV., Art. 1, published July 7th,
1922.

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Val. ALE? 3S: * rae
Art. 1. R. ‘lorm:—Etudes archéologiques et stuneloai s. Les Ainot
iles Kouriles. Avec 38 planches et 118 illustrations dans le texte. ie Ja
* ee OTY 29th, 1919. 4
Art. 2. T. Naxar:—Tentamen Systematis Coprifolycem us Japon
Publ. March 31st, 1921.
Art. 3.

Vol. XLII. :

H. Naxano:—Okologische Untersuchungen der Schwim
Japan. Publ. August 8th, 1921.

Art. 1. K. Yenpo:—A monograph.of the genus Alaria. With 19 plates.
ee : 30th, 1919.
is ee Art. 2. T. Marsusntma :—Untersuchungen tiber die Wasseraufnahr
3 abgeschnittenen Zweigen. Mit 2? Teatfiguren. Publ. July 30th, 1
Art. 3. Y. Yosur:—Oekologische Studien tiber Vegetation der Ota
Mit 2 Tafeln und 8 Textjiguren. Publ. July 30th, 1919. FS
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a -* May 10th, 1920.
. Art, 7. M. Tawara:—Cytologische Studien an Bien Kom
Tafeln und 15 Textjiguren. Publ. March 30th, 1921.- Btn
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que in Insulis Kurilensibus et Tosula Yezoensi sponte
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Vol. XLIV.: Eas
Art. 1. M. Yoxorama:—Fossils from the upnee. Musashino of
Shimosa. With 17 plates. Pubi. July 7th, 1922.
Art. 2. T. Kazvraxr:—On some Japanese Freshwater Triclads;
; on the Parallelism in their Distribution in Eur
With 1 plate and 14 slg tart Publ. June 23rd, 1922.
Art. 3. In press.
Art. 4. In press. ?

QE Yokoyama, Matajiro

801 Fossils from the Upper
Y63 Musashino of Kazusa and
Shimosa

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