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BIOIOSY;

FRANCIS WOLLE'S
FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE

BY

THE UBRMY OF THE

JAN 1-1940

UNIVERSITY OF (UtNQH

xTp^u^>>

X^V^ of *j? N

AS NATURAL ^\
r^ HISTORY +*

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 20, NUMBER 2

DECEMBER 22, 1939
PUBLICATION 460

•ral History

FRANCIS WOLLE'S
FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE

BY

FRANCIS DROUET

CURATOR OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

THE LIBRARY OF THE

JAN 1-1940

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 20, NUMBER 2

DECEMBER 22, 1939
PUBLICATION 460

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

FB

FRANCIS WOLLE'S
FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE1

FRANCIS DROUET

In 1936, Professor Wm. Randolph Taylor suggested that I

•J examine, among other historical collections of filamentous Myxo-

] phyceae, the specimens of Francis Wolle on file in the Herbarium of

-: the University of Pennsylvania. The study was gradually extended

^ to include material bearing Wolle's annotations in other North

American and European herbaria. The observations now presented

o are designed to interpret in modern nomenclature many novelties

2 and reports of species which Wolle published in this group of algae.

Francis Wolle2 (1817-1893) was a minister and educator of the

^ Moravian Church in Bethlehem and Nazareth, Pennsylvania. He

J became interested in natural history at an early age; his first serious

work among cryptogams was on local bryophytes, in company with

his friend, Eugene A. Rau of Bethlehem. When Wood's Contribution

to the Fresh-water Algae of the United States appeared in 1872, he

turned his attention to these algae and especially to the desmids.

He made large collections in Pennsylvania, New York, and New

J Jersey and reported his findings in a series of short papers in the

Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club and the American Monthly

Microscopical Journal during the years 1875-1885. He entered into

^~~ correspondence with many contemporary phycologists, including

q» F. Hauck, Anton Hansgirg, Otto Nordstedt, and W. G. Farlow.

H. W. Ravenel, J. Donnell Smith, Romyn Hitchcock, F. W. Anderson,

and various less active collectors sent all of their freshwater algae

to him for determination. He issued hundreds of duplicate specimens

o in exchanges with these and other workers and thus built up a

considerable working herbarium of both European and American

" algae. His studies in the desmids led him to publish in 1884 a volume

. entitled Desmids of the United States; this he revised and enlarged in

^ 1892. In 1887 he published a two-volume work on the freshwater

Myxophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, Fresh-water

. < Algae of the United States. With I. C. Martindale he furnished lists

<«

1 Contribution from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory of Yale University,
the Department of Botany of the Marine Biological Laboratory, and Field Museum

O of Natural History.

2 For biographical data, see Appleton's Encyclopaedia of American Biography

3 ^6: 590 (1889); The Moravian (Bethlehem) 38: 97, 103 (1893); Bot. Gaz. 18: 109-110

and Proc. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 15: 245-246 (with photograph) (1894).

17

18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

of algae for Britton's two catalogues of New Jersey plants (see
below). The publications mentioned above were based almost
entirely upon material which he had examined himself and which
is preserved for us today in his own and his correspondents' herbaria.
His one purely bibliographic work, Diatomaceae of North America,1
appeared in 1891.

As the most voluminous writer on North American algae during
the 1870's and 1880's, Francis Wolle excited considerable interest in
the freshwater algal flora of the United States. Although he was not
a botanist by profession, his accumulated herbarium and his wide
acquaintance among phycologists afforded him excellent advantage
for careful and meticulous work. His taxonomic concepts, as in-
dicated by annotations upon specimens of Myxophyceae, are on the
whole similar to those in use today; this fact is unfortunately obscured
in his publications by an often unconventional style of writing and
by the use of a contemporary nomenclature which is scarcely intel-
ligible to us unless we consult his specimens.

Wolle's studies of Myxophyceae were in major part already com-
pleted before Thuret, Bornet, Flahault, and Gomont published their
monumental treatises upon which our present understanding of the
morphology and nomenclature among the filamentous forms is based.
He worked in an age when the most usable manuals of algae were
those of Kiitzing and Rabenhorst, in which were listed hundreds of

1 Francis Wolle accumulated a very small number of diatoms in his herbarium
and consulted but few actual specimens during the preparation of this book. It
is evident that he had no particular interest in the group and that he wrote the
volume for the sole purpose of completing his series of manuals of North American
freshwater algae, not as a report of original research. He writes in the preface:
"In the present volume is collected the cream of what has already been written
on the subject, as well as the figures of all known American species together with
the most approved system of classification." In a copy of Habirshaw's Catalogue
of the Diatomaceae (1885) in Francis Wolle's library, Dr. H. H. Chase had under-
lined in red ink the species known to occur in North America. Wolle found illustra-
tions in other publications for the species included in this list. Most of the pen-
and-ink drawings of his original plates (now in the possession of Mr. Philip W.
Wolle) are direct copies or outline tracings of figures in Schmidt's Atlas der Dia-
tomaceen-Kunde, pis. 1-140 (1874-80). Other figures are obviously enlarged free-
hand sketches of those of Van Heurck, Synopsis des Diatomes de Belgique (1885).
The finished enlargements give the impression of having been made by someone
not too sympathetic toward and appreciative of the details of diatom morphology,
especially where shapes of cells and position, number, and size of markings are
concerned. The figures thus copied from Van Heurck are at best inaccurate, and
in some cases quite unlike the species which they were designed to represent.
Some of Wolle's figures are original, drawn, according to Mr. Philip W. Wolle,
from the published slides of H. L. Smith, Diatomacearum Species Typicae (1874 ff.).
The preface to his book states that Francis Wolle submitted the plates to Dr. H. L.
Smith for approval before they were photolithographed. Letters which passed
between the two men on this subject appear to be lacking in the files of Rev.
Wolle's correspondence. — RUTH PATRICK, ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILA-
DELPHIA.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 19

species and many genera distinguished from each other by means of
characters either highly imaginative or of little importance in the
classification now in vogue. Such chaotic taxonomy had a natural
sequel in the popularity of theories of polymorphism among the
algae, like those elaborated in Hansgirg's 'Ueber den Polymorphismus
der Algen', Bot. Centralbl., Bd. xxii (1885), and in the preface to
Wolle's Fresh-water Algae. In general these theories presupposed
that there is no limit to the series of diverse morphological forms
which might be assumed by a single species in the course of its com-
plete life history. They were truly revolutionary ideas, which
claimed the enthusiasm of many respected European workers on
algae; they provided a colorful and plausible raison d'etre for the vast
array of species and genera in the manuals of the time. Wolle em-
ployed the nomenclature of Kiitzing, Rabenhorst, and Kirchner in
his publications because there was no other to use; with this fact in
mind, the student today need not be astonished that Wolle con-
sidered many of the species listed in his Fresh-water Algae as equivocal
entities.

If we wish to understand the uninformative descriptions and
often ambiguous nomenclature in the filamentous Myxophyceae
of Kiitzing's Species Algarum (1849) or of Rabenhorst's Flora Eu-
ropaea Algarum (1864-68), we find it wise to examine for ourselves
the specimens upon which these authors based their descriptions or
to consult the works of the few authors who have done so. Bornet
& Flahault, in their Revision des Nostocacees H eterocystees (1886-88),
and Gomont, in his Monographic des Oscillariees (1892-93), in
establishing the modern system of classification and nomenclature
in the group, have interpreted most of these specimens in careful
scientific language in accord with present ideas of morphology and
life histories. Unfortunately, but few of Wolle's specimens fell into
the hands of these authors. Setchell in Erythea 4: 189-194 (1896)
and ibid. 7: 45-55 (1899) explained a number of additional specimens
which had been cited in Wolle's publications. Otherwise, Wolle's
Myxophyceae have remained unexamined and uninterpreted for
half a century; as a consequence, reference to his publications in
recent literature has been largely a source of confusion. A general
disinterest in herbarium study of microscopic algae since 1900 and
an increasing popularity of bibliographic research among phycophiles
have brought about this state of affairs, much to the detriment of
Francis Wolle's scientific reputation. In Forti's Sylloge Myxophy-
cearum (1907) we find Wolle's now unintelligible descriptions copied

20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

verbatim, often with errors of translation, transcription, or typog-
raphy. Forti's Latin interpretations have again been translated into
English, German, and other languages in recent manuals devoted to
Myxophyceae. Students using these manuals find themselves con-
fronted with a hodge-podge of species, the descriptions and figures of
many quite uninformative. With the specimens of Wolle and
other early authors carefully preserved and easily accessible in
herbaria, there would seem to be little reason why such confusion
should have existed for so long a period of time.

For a number of years after his death, Francis Wolle's herbarium
and other possessions remained in the hands of his family in Bethle-
hem. In December, 1906, some two-thirds of the collection, number-
ing several thousand specimens, was presented to the University of
Pennsylvania, where it has remained in the Herbarium ever since.
The rest of the specimens, along with the scientific library, note-
books, and instruments, have been carefully preserved by his grand-
son, Mr. Philip Weiss Wolle of Princess Anne, Maryland. Very
recently Mr. Wolle placed all the specimens still in his care on file in
Field Museum of Natural History.

Specimens bearing Francis Wolle's annotations are to be found in
considerable numbers in the herbaria of those botanists who received
material in exchanges or who sent specimens to Wolle for determina-
tion. The Farlow Herbarium contains many such specimens re-
ceived by W. G. Farlow. The United States National Herbarium
contains the herbaria of J. Donnell Smith and Romyn Hitchcock.
The New York Botanical Garden has much Wolle material from the
personal collection of Eugene A. Rau. The Herbarium of Oberlin
College contains the accumulated collection of F. D. Kelsey. Speci-
mens studied by Prof. W. A. Setchell are on file in the Herbarium of
the University of California. Specimens of H. W. Ravenel are to be
seen in greatest abundance in the British Museum (Natural History)
and in the Farlow Herbarium. Other material is in the Brooklyn
Botanical Garden and the University of Michigan Herbarium. It is
more than probable that specimens exist in other North American
and European herbaria not consulted in this study.

The specimens of blue-green algae which passed through Wolle's
hands are dried on paper or inclosed in envelopes. They are labeled
with specific determinations in his handwriting, and commonly with
notations of place, habitat, etc. In many instances the notes appear
on the back of the mounting paper. Along with other data, letters
or numerals are often to be noted; these refer to entries in his admir-

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 21

able series of illustrated notebooks or to pages and figures in publica-
tions consulted. Printed labels are attached to many specimens.

The scientific names used in Wolle's earlier papers are in general
the same as those which appear on the labels of his specimens. Some
of those of the Fresh-water Algae, however, cannot be correlated with
specimens because changes in his nomenclature do not appear on the
herbarium labels or in the notebooks, and because certain names
employed in earlier papers are disregarded in the citation of synonymy
in the book. Such names which have not been matched with speci-
mens appear at the end of this paper in the list of Inquirenda. Many
specimens bear incomplete labels; it is probable that this material is
the basis for certain of the dubious reports included in this list.
Future investigations may discover the missing data for some of the
specimens, and the list may be further shortened by the finding of
additional Wolle specimens in herbaria not here consulted. A few
records of species cited in the Fresh-water Algae are admittedly
dependent upon the specimens of H. C. Wood, the location of whose
herbarium is unknown to us at this time.

For convenience and to avoid repetition of such records as appear
in Tilden's Myxophyceae of North America (1910), I have omitted
reference in the treatment below, except in certain special cases, to
Forti's Sylloge Myxophycearum. Likewise, reference to Wolle's list
of freshwater algae in Britton, A Preliminary Catalogue of the Plants
of New Jersey (1881) is omitted because the same list of species in
revised form is repeated in Britton, Final Rep. State Geol. New
Jersey, vol. ii (1889). No reference is made to VanDersal & Cart-
ledge, Proc. Pennsylvania Acad. Sci. 7: 1-7 (1933), in which Wolle's
Pennsylvania records are copied.

I wish to express my gratitude for the co-operation of many per-
sons during the course of this study: some have supplied invaluable
information concerning Francis Wolle and his specimens; these and
others have offered suggestions and performed numerous other
courtesies. Among the many who have aided me I wish to thank
especially Mr. Philip W. Wolle, Prof. Wm. Randolph Taylor, Prof.
Wm. A. Setchell, Prof. John M. Fogg, Jr., Dr. Ruth Patrick, Prof.
Charles Hodge, Mrs. Hartley C. Wolle, Prof. Tracy E. Hazen, Dr.
Wm. N. Schwarze, Dr. B. E. Dahlgren, Dr. Julian A. Steyermark,
Mr. Donald Richards, Miss Sophia Prior, Prof. Frederick Grover,
Dr. F. R. Fosberg, Miss Rosalie Weikert, Dr. D. H. Linder, Dr. Ray
Dawson, Dr. Vivian Trombetta, Dr. H. K. Svenson, and Dr. Wm. R.

22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

Maxon. This work, in large part, was made possible through the aid
of the Theresa Seessel Research Fellowship at Yale University.

In the citation of specimens below, herbaria are indicated by
means of the following abbreviations: B, Brooklyn Botanic Garden;
BM, British Museum (Natural History) ; C, Herbarium of the Uni-
versity of California; D, my personal herbarium; F, Farlow Her-
barium of Harvard University; FM, Field Museum of Natural
History; G, Herbarium of Goucher College, Baltimore; Mi, Her-
barium of the University of Michigan; N, New York Botanical
Garden; O, Herbarium of Oberlin College; P, Herbarium of the
University of Pennsylvania; Pa, Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia; PW, the collection of Philip W. Wolle in Field Museum
of Natural History; T, Herbarium of Wm. Randolph Taylor; U,
United States National Herbarium. Specimens cited without name
of collector are to be understood as containing no such data or as
bearing the name of Francis Wolle. For the sake of brevity I men-
tion only the surnames of Dr. H. W. Ravenel, Capt. John Donnell
Smith, Dr. C. F. Austin, and Dr. Romyn Hitchcock. Throughout
the treatment the abbreviation 'F. W. Alg.' is employed in place of
Wolle's Fresh-water Algae of the United States (1887).

Stigonemataceae

STIGONEMA MAMILLOSUM (Lyngb.) Ag. ex Born. & Flah., Ann.
Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 5: 77 (1887). Stigonema multipartitum Gardn.,
Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 9 (1927). S. robustum Gardn., loc. cit.
(1927). S. contortum Gardn., ibid. 11 (1927). S. canadense Wm. R.
Taylor, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 80: 94 (1928). S. mamillosum f.
robustum Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 5 (1939).—
Recent studies of considerable material of this species from Europe,
both Americas, and Asia, including the original material upon which
the above names are based, point to the conclusion that plants with
slender filaments and those with broad filaments are but growth
forms of a single variable species often in various stages of licheni-
zation. Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: stones, shore of lake (0); on
rocks in stream, Sandfield, Austin, 1871 (P) ; Green Pond, 1880 (N) ;
'Sirosiphon lacustris' (P).

References: as Sirosiphon coralloides in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185 (1877),
ibid. 8: 29 (1881), F. W. Alg. 270 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605
(1889); as S. lacustris in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185 (1877); as S. pulvinatus
in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 268 (1887) in part; as Stigonema informe in Tilden, Minn. Alg.
1: 249 (1910) in part.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 23

STIGONEMA INFORME Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 75 (1887).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Scytonema callitrichoides' (P);
rocks, Onoko, July 1875 (D, P); wet rocks (N, U); July, Nov. 1875
(F). MARYLAND: Falls of Deep Creek, Garrett County, Smith, July
1878 (P, U).

References: as Sirosiphon alpinus in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185 (1877);
as S. pulvinatus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 268 (1887) in major part; as S. pulvinatus f.
alpinus in Wolle, ibid. 269 (1887) in part; as Stigonema informe in Setchell, Erythea
4: 191 (1896), in Tilden, ibid. 249 (1910), in part, in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 5 (1939).

STIGONEMA MINUTUM (Ag.) Hass. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 72
(1887). Sirosiphon lignicola Wood ex Born. & Flah. pro. synon.,
ibid. 5: 73 (1887); Wood, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 133 (1869).
S. acervatus Wood ex Born. & Flah. pro. synon., loc. cit. (1887);
Wood, ibid. 132 (1869). S. pulvinatus f. mamillosus Wolle,1 F. W.
Alg. 270 (1887). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: Onoko, 1875
(F, P); shaded rocks (C, D, P); 'Stigonema minutum var. saxicola'
(Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. exs. 669, N, PW); 'Sirosiphon compactus'
(P). MARYLAND: Deep Creek, Garrett County, Smith, July 1878 (U).
WEST VIRGINIA: Blackwater, Tucker County, Smith, July 1878 (U);
Blackwater Fork of Cheat River, Smith, July 1878 (U). SOUTH
CAROLINA: on boards, Aiken, Ravenel 39 (ISOTYPE of Sirosiphon
lignicola, C), 76 (F), 240 (P), 375 (F); Aiken, Ravenel 146 (F), 547,
549, 550, Dec. 1884 (PW) ; granite walls, Aiken, Ravenel 498, Nov.
1883 (F); in running water, Aiken, Ravenel 74, Apr. 1869 (C); Aiken,
on bark of trees, Ravenel 107, (C), 109 (BM); on limbs of Nyssa,
Ravenel 169 (C); on bark of Ilex opaca, Ravenel 44 (ISOTYPE of Si-
rosiphon acervatus, C); on Ailanthus, Aiken, Ravenel 300 (BM); on
pine boards, St. Johns, Berkeley Parish, Charleston, Ravenel 339,
Mar. 1880 (F).

References: as Stigonema minutum var. saxicola in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst.
Alg. exs. 13: 669 (1883); as Sirosiphon pulvinatus f. alpinus in Wolle, F. W. Alg.
269 (1887) in part; as S. compactus in Wolle, ibid. 271 (1887) in part; as S. lignicola
in Wolle, ibid. 273 (1887) in part; as Sligonema minutum in Setchell, Erythea 7: 47
(1899), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 248 (1910), in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot.
Ser. 20: 4 (1939); as S. tomentosum in Tilden, ibid. 246 (1910).

STIGONEMA PANNIFORME (Ag.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 71 (1887).
Sirosiphon argillaceus Wood ex Born. & Flah. pro. synon., loc. cit.
(1887); Wood, Smiths. Contrib. Knowl. 241: 73 (1872).— Specimens

1 1 find no specimens labeled thus, but it appears certain that the West Virginia
specimens labeled S. alpinus and cited here form the basis of the description and
figure of S. pulvinatus f. mamillosus. Mixed with Stigonema minutum in this
material are poorly developed filaments possibly referable to S. informe Born. &
Flah.

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

seen: SOUTH CAROLINA: damp clay, Aiken, Ravenel 79 (ISOTYPE of
Sirosiphon argillaceus, F), 216, 225 (F, P), 544 (PW).

References: as S. compactus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 271 (1887) in part; as S.
argillaceus in Wolle, ibid. 273 (1887); as Stigonema panniforme in Tilden, Minn.
Alg. 1: 245 (1910) in part.

STIGONEMA OCELLATUM (Dillw.) Thur. ex Born. & Flah., ibid.
5: 69 (1887). S. anomalum Blanchard,1 Rhodora 15: 194 (1913).—
Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: 'Sirosiphon ocellatus' (D, N); 'S.
Crameri' (P); old path, Closter, Nov. 1877 (P); with Hapalosiphon
pumilus, Bamber, Ocean County (P) ; in Bamber Lake, 1883 (Wittr.
& Nordst., Alg. exs. 668, PW, N).

References: as Sirosiphon ocellatus in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 285 (1879),
Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 13: 668 (1883), F. W. Alg. 272 (1887), Britton Final
Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889); as S. Crameri in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185
(1877), F. W. Alg. 272 (1887); as Stigonema ocellatum in Setchell, Erythea 7: 48
(1899), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 247 (1910).

STIGONEMA HORMOIDES (Kiitz.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 68 (1887).
Sommierella hormoides Borzi, N. Giorn. Bot. Ital., N. S. 24: 79 (1917).
— Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: with Stigonema informe, wet rocks,
1878 (N, U); 'Scytonema callitrichoides' (D, P).

References: as Sirosiphon compactus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 271 (1887) in part;
as Stigonema hormoides in Setchell, Erythea 7: 47 (1899).

FISCHERELLA THERMALIS (Born. & Flah.) Gom., Journ. de Bot.
9: 52 (1895). Stigonema thermale (Schwabe) Borzi ex Born. & Flah.,
Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 5: 66 (1887). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY:
rotten wood, Austin (P). FLORIDA : Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U). TEXAS:
on damp fallen logs, Houston, Ravenel 21 (P).

Reference: as Hapalosiphon Braunii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 275 (1887) in part.

FISCHERELLA AMBIGUA (Born. & Flah.) Gom., loc. cit. (1895).
Scytonema ambiguum Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 100 (1887).
S. badium Wolle ex Born. & Flah. sp. inquir., ibid. 5: 111 (1887);
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877). Phormidium interruptum var.
rigidum Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 44 (1927).— The
well preserved original material of Scytonema badium is similar to
specimens of Fischerella ambigua treated by Gomont. Specimens
seen: NEW YORK: Herkimer County, Austin, 1868 (TYPE of Scytonema

1 Isotypic material of S. anomalum distributed in Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 1952,
MASSACHUSETTS: Chebacco Pond, Essex, F. D. Lambert, Oct. 1909 (F, FM, N),
appears to me to represent a growth form of S. ocellatum with well developed
narrow branches and hyaline sheaths; in older parts of the same masses, the
filaments are similar in every respect to those of other specimens of S. ocellatum.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 25

badium, P). SOUTH CAROLINA: with Schizothrix arenaria on ground,
Aiken, Ravenel 254 (F), 502 (PW).

References: as Scytonema badium in Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 524 (1907), in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 225 (1910), in Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt-Fl. 14: 786 (1932).

FISCHERELLA MAJOR Com., Journ. de Bot. 16: 299 (1902).— The
few specimens are similar to the material (presumably isotypic)
distributed in Mus. Vindob. Krypt. Exs. 333 (N). They are: SOUTH
CAROLINA: earth, Aiken, Ravenel 102 (EM), 143 (BM, F); granite
walls, Aiken, Ravenel 498, Nov. 1883 (PW).

Reference: as Symploca lucifuga in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 303 (1887) in part.

HAPALOSIPHON PUMILUS (Kiitz.) Kirchn. ex Born. & Flah., Ann.
Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 5: 61 (1887). H. fontinalis (Ag.) Born., Bull. Soc.
Bot. France 36: 156 (1889). H. brasiliensis Borge, Ark. f. Bot. 15
(13): 94 (1919). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Swartwood Lake,
1879 (D, P); Bamber, Ocean County (P); Hammerton Pond, Aug.
1879 (P; Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. exs. 390, N. PW, U); Absecon,
July 1878 (D, P). PENNSYLVANIA: with Porphyrosiphon Notarisii
as 'Hydrocoleum heterotrichum' (P); 'Hapalosiphon Braunii' (U).
SOUTH CAROLINA: in pools of water, Aiken, Ravenel, Feb. 1878 (P),
470, Nov. 1883 (PW).

References: as H. Braunii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 285 (1879), Wittr.
& Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 390 (1880), F. W. Alg. 275 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 606 (1889), in part; as H.fuscescens of Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 285 (1879),
F. W. Alg. 277 (1885), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 606 (1889); as H. fontinalis
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 239 (1910).

Nostocaceae

NOSTOC PISCINALE Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 7: 194 (1888).— Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: pool, Aug. 1876
(F); canal below Nisky (N); pool near Bethlehem (P, U); 'N. la-
custre-comminutum' (D, P).

References: as N. comminutum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 282 (1887) in part, in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 165 (1910) in part.

NOSTOC RIVULARE Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 195 (1888).—
Specimens seen: GEORGIA: still water, Darien, Ravenel 445, Nov.
1881 (F). FLORIDA: Smith, 1878 (P, U).

References: as N. comminutum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887) in part, in Tilden,
loc. cit. (1910) in part; as Cylindrospermum flexuosum in Wolle, ibid. 292 (1887)
in part.

NOSTOC COMMUNE Vauch. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 203 (1888).—
Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Portage, 1876 (P); on moss, Niagara,
1876 (P). NEW JERSEY: rocks, Austin (P); Closter, 1863 (P). PENN-

26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

SYLVANIA: in consortis Scytonem. Myochr. (Wittr. & Nordst., Alg.
exs. 890, N, PW); Rockdale, 1863 (P). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878
(U). MONTANA: F. W. Anderson, 1886 (PW). COLORADO: on water,
on moist ground, Brandegee, 1877 (P); on Grimmia, Austin1 (U);
May 1877 (N).

References: as N. Muscorum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879), F. W. Alg.
282 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 169 (1910); as N. comminutum in Wolle, loc.
cit. (1887) in part; as N. humifusum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 170
(1910); as N. commune in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 283 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 606 (1889), Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 18: 890 (1890), in Tilden, ibid. 171
(1910); as N. sphaericum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 283 (1887) in part, in Tilden, ibid. 173
(1910) in part; as N. caeruleum of Wolle, ibid. 284 (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 177 (1910).

NOSTOC COMMUNE var. FLAGELLIFORME (Berk. & Curt.) Born. &
Flah., ibid. 7: 206 (1888).— The Texas collection is of the same
material as that distributed by Farlow, Anderson & Eaton in Alg.
Am. Bor. Exs. 100. Specimens seen: KANSAS: on red clay soil, Bar-
bour County, F. W. Cregin, 1888 (D, P). TEXAS: C. Wright (FM, P).

References: as N. flagelliforme in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 285 (1887); as N. commune
var. flagelliforme in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 173 (1910).

NOSTOC MICROSCOPICUM Carm. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat.
VII Bot. 7: 210 (1888). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: wet rocks
(D, P); Pike County (D, P).

References: as N. riparium in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 217 (1878) in part; as
N. sphaericum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 283 (1887) in part, in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 173
(1910) in part.

NOSTOC CAERULEUM Lyngb. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 213 (1888).
—One specimen: MINNESOTA: Lake of the Isles, Minneapolis, E.
Butler, 1883 (PW).

NOSTOC PRUNIFORME (L.) Ag. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 215
(1888). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: in rivulets, Closter, Austin
(P), 1870 (P), 1877 (P); 'N. cristatum-riparium' (P). PENNSYLVANIA:
'N. pruniforme' (B, O, P, U) ; river stones (0, P) ; canal below Nisky
(N) ; pool near Bethlehem, Aug. 1878 (P, U) ; in stagnis, Bethlehem,
1877 (Rabenh. Alg. 2530, N); meadow pools (D, O, P, U); rock
pool, Nisky (N); near Brofuss Lock, Aug. 1877 (N).

References: as N. cristatum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877); as N.
riparium in Wolle, loc. cit. (1877) in part; as Af. pruniforme in Wolle, loc. cit. (1877),
Rabenh. Alg. 2530 (1878), F. W. Alg. 284 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 178
(1910); as N. sphaericum in Wolle, ibid. (1887) in part, in Tilden, ibid. 173 (1910)
in part; as N. alpinum in Wolle, ibid. 285 in part (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 606 (1889); as N. parmelioides in Tilden, ibid. 181 (1910) in part.

1 This label is in Capt. Smith's handwriting. The collection is more probably
one by T. S. Brandegee than one by C. F. Austin.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 27

NOSTOC VERRUCOSUM (L.) Vauch. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 216
(1888). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: Skinner's Spring, July
1877 (D, N, 0, P); 'N. alpinum' (F, P); Derry Church, Dauphin
County, Oct. 1887 (PW).

References: as N. verrucosum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 284 (1887), in Tilden, Minn.
Alg. 1: 179 (1910); as N. alpinum in Wolle, ibid. 285 (1887) in part.

NOSTOC PARMELIOIDES Kutz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 219 (1888). —
One specimen: PENNSYLVANIA: Monocasy's Spring, 1877 (N).

References: as N. alpinum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 285 (1887) in part; as AT.
parmelioides in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 181 (1910) in part.

NOSTOC sp. — One ill-preserved specimen: CALIFORNIA: on Cla-
dophora (P).

References: as N. glomeratum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877), in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 177 (1910).

WOLLEA SACCATA (Wolle) Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot.
7: 223 (1888). Sphaerozyga saccata Wolle ex Born. & Flah. pro.
synon., loc. cit. (1888); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 44 (1880).— The
spores in the collections are by no means mature. Specimens seen:
NEW JERSEY: cranberry pond, Waterloo, 1879 (ISOTYPE, P) ; pond (0) ;
in aqua stagnante, July 1879 (ISOTYPE in Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. exs.
397, N, PW).

References: as Sphaerozyga saccata in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 397
(1880), F. W. Alg. 290 (1887); as Wollea saccata in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 607 (1889), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 181 (1910).

ANABAENA CIRCINALIS (Kutz.) Rabenh. ex Born. & Flah., Ann.
Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 7: 230 (1888). Microcystis lobata Dickie, Journ.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 128 (1880). Anabaena scabra Dickie ex Born. &
Flah. sp. inquir., ibid. 7: 239 (1888). — One specimen: MINNESOTA:
Minneapolis, E. Butler, Oct. 1882 (P).

References: as A. circinalis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 21 (1883), in Tilden,
ibid. 190 (1910); as A. flos-aquae var. circinalis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 287 (1887).

ANABAENA CATENULA (Kutz.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 232 (1888).
—One collection: MINNESOTA: Lake Stay, E. Doolittle, 1888 (PW).

ANABAENA OSCILLARIOIDES Bory ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7: 233
(1888). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Cylindrospermum flexu-
osum' (D, P). GEORGIA: salt marsh mud flats, Darien, Ravenel 311
(F). MONTANA: Helena, F.D.Kelsey, 1889 (PW); Oro Fino Gulch
near Helena, F. W. Anderson 43, June 1887 (PW).

References: as Cylindrospermum limicola in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 292 (1887) in
part; as C. flexuosum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887) in part; as Anabaena oscillarioides
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 193 (1910) in part.

28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

ANABAENA spp.? — These specimens appear to represent species of
Anabaena but are in a sporeless or otherwise unrecognizable state:
PENNSYLVANIA: 'Limnochilde' (P). SOUTH CAROLINA: Smith, Mar.
1878 (P).

References: as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 291 (1887),
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 196 (1910); as Cylindrospermum limicola in Wolle, ibid.
292 (1887) in part.

CYLINDROSPERMUM MAJUS Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 7: 252 (1888). C. janthinum Dickie ex Born. & Flah.
sp. inquir., ibid. 7: 255 (1888). — The material labeled Thormidium
congestum' by Wolle is a mixture of C. majus and several terrestrial
species of Schizothrix and Microcoleus, each varying in abundance
in specimens represented in several herbaria. There is evidence that
the collection was made on Wolle's trip to Niagara Falls in August,
1876. Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Thormidium congestum', sandy
deposit, Aug. 1876 (P). PENNSYLVANIA: wet wood (D, N, P, U);
'Cylindrospermum macrospermum' (O). MARYLAND: rocks, Balti-
more County, Smith, May 1878 (P, U). SOUTH CAROLINA: Smith,
Mar. 1878 (U); standing pools, Aiken, Ravenel, Oct. 1883 (PW).

References: as Phormidium congestum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877)
in part, in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 118 (1910) in part; as Cylindrospermum macro-
spermum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 292 (1887) in part; as C. limicola in Wolle, loc. cit.
(1887) in part; as C. stagnale in Tilden, ibid. 198 (1910) in part; as C. majus in
Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 6 (1939).

CYLINDROSPERMUM LICHENIFORME (Bory) Kiitz. ex Born. &
Flah., ibid. 7: 253 (1888).— Specimens seen: FLORIDA: Mar. 1878 (P);
southwestern Florida, Smith, Mar. 1878 (U).

References: as C. macrospermum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 292 (1887) in part; as
C. stagnale in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 198 (1910) in part.

CYLINDROSPERMUM MUSCICOLA Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 7:
254 (1888). C. caeruleum Dickie ex Born. & Flah., sp. inquir., ibid.
7: 255 (1888). — Specimens seen: GEORGIA: salt water mud flats,
Darien, Ravenel, Apr. 1878 (P). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (D,
P,U).

Rivulariaceae

AMPHITHRIX JANTHINA (Mont.) Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat.
VII Bot. 3: 344 (1886). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: on stones in
spring water (D, P, U); 'Mastigonema caespitosum' (P).

References: as Mastigonema caespitosum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138
(1877) in part; as Isactis caespitosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 245 (1887) in part; as
Leptothrix caespitosa in Wolle, ibid. 320 (1887) in part; as Calothrix parietina in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 269 (1910) in part.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 29

CALOTHRIX JULIANA (Menegh.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 3: (1886).—
One collection: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Geocyclus oscillarinus', river stones
(D, N, P).

CALOTHRIX PULVINATA (Mert.) Ag. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 3: 356
(1886). Mastigonema velutinum Wolle ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 94
(1887), as to Wolle's specimens described and distributed, not as to
the TYPE in Herb. Bornet interpreted by Bornet & Flahault?; Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879).— Wolle's M. velutinum was described
and later distributed in Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. exs. 388, as a plant of
salt water. Bornet & Flahault, however, have placed the name as a
synonym of the strictly non-marine Scytonema guyanense. Moreover,
these authors have cited this same published isotypic material in
their treatment of Calothrix scopulorum Born. & Flah., ibid. 3: 353
(1886). To dispose of the name Mastigonema velutinum properly
we must await a reinterpretation of the specimen designated as the
TYPE ('specim. auth.') in Bornet's herbarium. Specimens seen:
NEW JERSEY: on wood, submarine, 1878 (original material of M.
velutinum, N, P, U); Perth Amboy, July 1878 (Wittr. & Nordst., Alg.
exs. 388, N, PW). GEORGIA: salt water creeks, Darien, Ravenel,
Apr. 1878 (P), 308 (BM).

References: as M. velutinum in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 388 (1880);
as M. aerugineum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 241 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J.
2: 603 (1889).

CALOTHRIX PARIETINA (Nag.) Thur. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 3: 366
(1886). Mastigothrix turgida Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 632
(1907); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877) .—Specimens seen:
MASSACHUSETTS: on stones, Woods Hole, W. G. Farlow, Aug. 1876
(P). NEW YORK: old boards, Niagara, Aug. 1876 (P). PENNSYLVANIA
Tilinia diluta' (D, P); 'Mastigothrix turgida, n. sp.' (TYPE of Masti-
gothrix turgida, P; isotype, D); stones in limestone springs (D, P).
FLORIDA: 'Mastigonema pluviale', Mar. 1878 (P).

References: as Calothrix Crustacea in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 239 (1887); as C.
parietina in Setchell, Erythea 7: 45 (1899); as Mastigothrix turgida in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 273 (1910).

CALOTHRIX BRAUNII Born. & Flah., ibid. 3: 368 (1886). Inactis
obscura Dickie ex Gom. sp. excl., Ann. Sci. nat. VII Bot. 15: 329
(1892); Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 126 (1880); Drouet, Amer.
Journ. Bot. 25: 660 (1938). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: large
spring, Nazareth, July 1887 (D, PW); Derry Church, Dauphin
County, Oct. 1887 (PW).

Reference: as Isactis caespitosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 244 (1877) in part.

30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

CALOTHRIX ADSCENDENS (Nag.) Thur. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 3:
365 (1886). C. violacea (Wolle) Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 619 (1907).
Mastigonema violaceum Wolle ex Forti pro. synon., loc. cit. (1907);
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877). M. fuscum Wolle ex Forti,
ibid. 618 (1907); Wolle, loc. cit. (1877). Calothrix Fortii J. DeToni,
Noter. Nomencl. Algol. 1:6 (1934). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA:
parasitic on Lyngbya Wollei and Cladophora (TYPES of Calothrix
violacea and Mastigonema fuscum, P; isotypes, D, F).

References: as Leptothrix parasitica in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877);
as Calothrix adscendens in Setchell, Erythea 7: 46 (1899), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1:
267 (1910); as C. violacea in Tilden, loc. cit. (1910); as C. fusca in Tilden, ibid. 265
(1910).

DICHOTHRIX HOSFORDII (Wolle) Born, apud Setchell, Erythea 4:
190 (1896). Calothrix Hosfordii Wolle ex Born. & Flah. sp. inquir.,
Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 3: 370 (1886); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 38
(1881). — The specimen from Vermont is annotated by C. G. Pringle,
fellow collector of F. H. Hosford to whom Wolle ascribes the original
collection. The mass is scanty and poorly developed; the filaments
are very young, but they match well young filaments in specimens
distributed as D. Hosfordii by Prof. Setchell. The specimen from
New York is a duplicate of that upon which Bornet and Setchell
based the binomial D. Hosfordii, and which is mentioned by Set-
chell in Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 5: 215 (1896) as having been "referred
to Calothrix Hosfordii by Mr. Wolle himself." Specimens seen:
VERMONT: wet rocks, La Plata River, Charlotte (F). NEW
YORK: on submerged stones, Lake George, S. E. Jeliffe, Oct.
1892 (N).

References: as Calothrix Hosfordii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 239 (1887); as Dicho-
thrix Hosfordii in Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 640 (1907), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 278
(1910).

DICHOTHRIX BAUERIANA (Grim.) Born & Flah., ibid. 3: 375
(1886). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Morris Pond, July 1879
(Wittr. & Nordst., Alg. exs. 389, N, PW). PENNSYLVANIA: 'Calo-
thrix radiosa' (P). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U). TERRITORY
OF HAWAII: from rockery, Wailuku, Hitchcock, July 1881 (U).

References: as Schizosiphon Bauerianus in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284
(1879); as Calothrix Orsiniana in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 389 (1880),
Bull. Torr. Club. 8: 38 (1881) ; as C. radiosa var.fuscescens in Wolle, loc. cit. (1881);
as C. affinis in Wolle, ibid. 9: 25 (1882); as C. radiosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 238
(1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889); as Dichothrix Baueriana
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 276 (1910).

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 31

DICHOTHRIX ORSINIANA (Ktitz.) Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat.
VII Bot. 3: 376 (1886).— One collection: NEW YORK: Niagara, Aug.
1876 (F,P).

References: as Mastigonema Orsinianum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138
(1877); as Dichothrix Orsiniana in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 275 (1910) in part.

RIVULARIA HAEMATITES (DC.) Ag. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 4: 350
(1886). — The specimens cited here from the Farlow Herbarium were
annotated by Bornet in 1899 as the marine and brackish-water
species R. Biasolettiana Menegh. ex Born. & Flah. One collection:
NEW YORK: Niagara, Aug. 1876 (F, P).

Reference: as Zonotrichia chrysocoma in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877).

GLOEOTRICHIA ECHINULATA (Born. & Flah.) Richt., Forschungs-
ber. Biol. Sta. Plon 2: 32 (1894). Rivularia echinulata Engl. Bot. ex
Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 4: 366 (1886).— Many papers
have been written concerning why we should or should not con-
sider Gloeotrichia echinulata and G. Pisum as distinct species; the
earlier literature is reviewed by Bornet & Flahault in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France 31: 76-81 (1884), by Richter (ibid.), by Howe in Torreya 3:
150-154 (1903), and by others. Bornet & Flahault's work alone is
based upon a comparative study of collections from many widely
separated localities; these authors placed the two forms together
under the name G. Pisum. The numerous other papers which have
come to my attention contain, aside from the customary meticulous
review of literature, no more than lengthy dissertations upon the
morphology of the plants as they appear in water-blooms on local
ponds and lakes. Intimate details of the life history of each form are
still lacking. In recent studies I have had access to scarcely a hundred
different collections of the two forms, living and preserved, from
many parts of the world, including those seen by Bornet & Flahault,
Richter, Howe, and others. At present I can find no sound morpho-
logical or ecological basis upon which to separate the two as distinct
species. I retain the two names here only as a matter of convenience
to indicate, as Bornet & Flahault have already suggested, what may
be two extremes of habitat and growth relationship: G. echinulata
the small form, usually planktonic, and G. Pisum the small or large
form, known to be attached to a substratum in the juvenile state
and later floating free in the water.

Wolle's notes on Rivularia radians var. minutula in Bull. Torr.
Club 8: 38 (1881) should give us little doubt that he referred here to
Gloeotrichia echinulata. However, this report is the basis of Tilden's
inclusion (Minn. Alg. 1: 288) of Rivularia minutula (Kiitz.) Born. &

32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

Flah. in the North American flora. Specimens seen: MINNESOTA:
floating in the lake, Waterville, J. C. Arthur, July 1882 (F), Aug. 1882
(F).

References: as Rivularia echinulata in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 249 (1887), in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1:291 (1910).

GLOEOTRICHIA PISUM (Ag.) Thur. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 4: 366 (1886). Rivularia Pisum Ag. ex Born. & Flah.
pro. synon., loc. cit. (1886). R. paradoxa (Wolle) Forti, Syll. Myx-
ophyc. 672 (1907). Zonotrichia paradoxa Wolle ex Forti, ibid. 636
(1907); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877).— In the original
material of Z. paradoxa most of the vegetative cells have disappeared
from the plants, but the remaining spores are very typical of Gloeo-
trichia Pisum. Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: culms of Sagittaria
(TYPE of Zonotrichia paradoxa, P; isotypes, N, U); 'Gloeotrichia-
Rivularia' (P). MONTANA: Grand Coulee Creek, F. W. Anderson,
Sept. 1889 (PW).

References: as Zonotrichia paradoxa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877);
as Rivularia paradoxa in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 289 (1910).

GLOEOTRICHIA NATANS (Hedw.) Rabenh. ex Born. & Flah., ibid.
4: 369 (1886). Rivularia natans (Hedw.) Welw. ex Born. & Flah.
pro. synon., loc. cit. (1886) . Calolhrix scytonemicola var. brasiliensis
Borge, Ark. f. Bot. 19 (17): 5 (1925). Rivularia (Gloeotrichia) flagel-
liformis Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 71 (1927).— Speci-
mens seen: NEW YORK: ponds, Buffalo, Aug. 1876 (D, F, N, P, U).
PENNSYLVANIA: culms in stagnant water (D, P); an Halmen von
Wasserpflanzen und Sagittaria, Bethlehem, July 1877 (Rabenh. Alg.
2539, N, T). SOUTH CAROLINA: Santee Canal, Ravenel (BM).

References: as G. natans in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877), F. W. Alg.
246 (1877); as G. Pisum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877), F. W. Alg. 247
(1887); as G. parvula in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2539 (1878); as Rivularia Pisum in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 284 (1910) in part; as R. natans in Tilden, ibid. 285 (1910).

Scytonemataceae

FREMYELLA diplosiphon (Born. & Flah.), comb. nov. Micro-
chaete diplosiphon Gom. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 5:
84 (1887); Gomont, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 211 (1885).— J.
DeToni in Noter. Nomencl. Algol. VIII (1936) has pointed out
that the generic name Michrochaete was used to designate certain
phanerogamous plants before it was proposed for a similar group of
Myxophyceae. One collection: PENNSYLVANIA: pump trough (D, P).

References: as Mastigonemaparadoxum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877),
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 273 (1910).

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 33

TOLYPOTHRIX LANATA (Desv.) Wartm. ex Born. & Flah., ibid.
5: 120 (1887). T. bombycina Wolle sp. nov., Bull. Torr. Club 7: 44
(1880).— Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Lake Hopatcong, 1879
(TYPE of T. bombycina, P; isotype, D). PENNSYLVANIA: on Conomit-
rium, July 1876 (F, P); with Gloeotrichia Pisum on culms of Sagit-
taria (P); stagnant water, Sept. 1878 (U); 'Calothrix mirabilis' (U).

References: as T. muscicola in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877), F. W. Alg.
264 (1887) in part; as Plectonema mirabile in Wolle, ibid. 266 (1887) in part; as
Tolypothrix lanata in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 230 (1910) in part.

TOLYPOTHRIX TENUIS Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 122 (1887).
T. rupestris Wolle, F. W. Alg. 265 (1887), Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185
(1877); Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 733 (1932).— As Prof. Set-
chell has already pointed out in Erythea 4: 193 (1896) the original
material of T. rupestris cannot be separated from other specimens
of T. tennis. Geitler (ibid.) has shown that a few of the filaments are
broader than is usual in T. tennis; it appears to me that the method
of preparation of the specimens is responsible for such anomalies.
The habit of the filaments in the masses bears little resemblance to
that of species of Hassallia with which Geitler has placed T. rupestris.
Setchell (ibid.) has referred part of Wolle's T. muscicola to T. tennis.
Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Woods Hole, W. G. Farlow (P).
NEW JERSEY: 'T. Aegagropila' (N). PENNSYLVANIA: Delaware Wa-
ter Gap, July 1878 (TYPE of T. rupestris, P; isotypes, D, N, 0, U);
in rupibus madore continuo irroratis, Delaware Water Gap, July 1879
(Rabenh. Alg. 2573, N); T. Aegagropila' (D, N, O, P); beech woods,
July 1878 (D, P); 'Lehigh also Hopedale' (N).

References: as T. Bulnheimii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 185 (1877); as T.
rupestris in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2573 (1879), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 234 (1910);
as T. Aegagropila in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 44 (1880), F. W. Alg. 263 (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889); as T. tennis in Setchell, loc. cit. (1896).

HASSALLIA BYSSOIDEA (Berk.) Hass. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 5: 116 (1887). Anabaena cupressaphila Wolle ex Forti,
Syll. Myxophyc. 456 (1907); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 288 (1887). Tolypo-
thrix byssoidea Kirchn. ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 561 (1907); Kirchn.
(the name ineffectively published), Schizophyc. 80 (1900). Scyto-
nema (Petalonema) junipericola Farlow,1 Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 16: 756

1 The original material of this species, BERMUDA: 'Fairyland', W. G. Farlow,
Jan. 1900 (TYPE, F; isotypes in Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 756, D, FM, N, T), is to be
recognized at once as Hassallia byssoidea. In parts of the masses, the filaments
have the usual aspect of this species; in other parts, the sheaths are somewhat
gelatinized and the divergent lamellation is conspicuous. Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-
Fl. 14: 797 (1932), has suggested that Scytonema junipericola is related to S.
mirabile Born. (S. figuratum of this paper); a glance at material of the two, how-
ever, should show that such an idea is untenable.

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

(1900).- — The TYPE of Anabaena cupressaphila is a mass of hormogonia
of Hassallia byssoidea. Here also belongs, possibly, Wolle's report
of Hapalosiphon byssoideus in F. W. Alg. 276. Specimens seen:
NEW JERSEY : on red cedar, Closter (TYPE of Anabaena cupressaphila,
P). PENNSYLVANIA: old wood, wet places (D, P); moist log at canal
lock (P). SOUTH CAROLINA: on Nyssa, Aiken, Ravenel 137 (F); on
old pine board, Aiken, Ravenel 201, 334 (F, P); trunks of trees, Aiken,
Ravenel (N). GEORGIA: on pine boards and on Juniperus, Ravenel 387,
404 (F). TEXAS: trunks of trees, Houston, Ravenel (N).

References: as Trichormus incurvus in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877);
as Scytonema truncicola in Wolle, ibid. 6: 284 (1879), Amer. Quart. Microsc. Journ.
1: 207 (1879); as S. cortex f. Ravenelii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 257 (1887) as to speci-
mens, not as to name-bearing synonym?; as Tolypothrix truncicola in Wolle, ibid.
266 (1887); as Sirosiphon lignicola in Wolle, ibid. 273 (1887) in part; as Anabaena
cupressaphila in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 607 (1889), in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 195 (1910); as A. flos-aquae in Tilden, ibid. 189 (1910) in part; as
Tolypothrix byssoidea in Tilden, ibid. 233 (1910).

DIPLOCOLON HEPPII Nag. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 129 (1887).
Scytonema Heppii Wolle ex Forti pro. synon., Syll. Myxophyc. 561
(1907); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 260 (1887), as to name-bearing synonym,
not as to specimens. — Kossinskaja, Not. Syst. Crypt. Hort. Bot. Prin-
cip. URSS 4: 64-74 (1926), has endeavored to show that this species
is really a growth form of Scytonema crustaceum var. incrustans. It
is unfortunate that in making observations this author did not study
also Hepp's isotypic specimens distributed in Rabenh. Alg. 468 and
material of S. crustaceum cited by Bornet & Flahault. In the speci-
mens treated by the monographers and those cited in the present
paper, I am given the impression that the scytonematoid filaments of
the two species are easily distinguished by the nature of the lamella-
tion of the sheaths, as indicated in Bornet & Flahault's descriptions.
It would be hazardous to suggest a union of the two species, as both
Kossinskaja (ibid.) and Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 782 (1932),
have done, at least upon the basis of the few collections now on file
in herbaria. Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Niagara, Aug. 1876 (F, P).

References: as Diplocolon Heppii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877),
in Setchell, Erythea 4: 193 (1896), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 236 (1910) in part, in
Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S. 97 (1933) in part.

SCYTONEMA ALATUM (Berk.) Borzi ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 5: 110 (1887). Petalonema alatum Berk, ex Born. &
Flah. pro. synon., loc. cit. (1887). — Specimens seen: NEW YORK:
Niagara, Aug. 1876 (F, P).

References: as Scytonema alatum in Setchell, Erythea 4: 193 (1896), in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 225 (1910); as Petalonema alatum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 267 (1887).

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 35

SCYTONEMA DENSUM (A. Br.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 109 (1887).
S. evanescens Gardn.,1 Mem. New York Bot. Card. 7: 71 (1927).
Petalonema densum Mig. ex Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 793
(1932). — Specimens seen: NEW YORK: wet moss and wood, old boards,
Niagara, Aug. 1876 (F, P).

References: as Scytonema tolypotrichoides in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139
(1877) in part, F. W. Alg. 250 (1887); as Symphyosiphon incrustans in Wolle, Bull.
Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877) in part; as S. Contarenii in Wolle, loc. cit. (1877); as
Scytonema densum in Setchell, Erythea 4: 191 (1896), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 227
(1910).

SCYTONEMA CRUSTACEUM (Ag.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 106 (1887).
S. crustaceum var. incrustans (Kiitz.) Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 107
(1887). S. mirabile Wolle, F. W. Alg. 255 (1887), Bull. Torr. Club 6:
217 (1878), ibid. 6: 384 (1879), not Born. S. Wolleanum Forti, Syll.
Myxophyc. 513 (1907). Petalonema crustaceum Kirchn. ex Forti pro.
synon., ibid. 525 (1907); Kirchner (the name ineffectively published),
Schizophyc. 79 (1900). — Bornet & Flahault (ibid.) must have made
a typographical error in placing Wolle's report of Symphyosiphon
incrustans instead of his Scytonema mirabile in synonymy with their
S. crustaceum var. incrustans. Setchell in Erythea 4: 191 (1896)
pointed out this error long before Forti proposed the superfluous
name S. Wolleanum for S. mirabile Wolle instead of for its later
homonym, S. mirabile (Dillw.) Born, (see S. figuratum of this paper).
Specimens seen: SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken, Ravenel 109, 351 (F).
FLORIDA: Gainesville, Ravenel (TYPE of S. mirabile Wolle, P; isotype,
F); Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U).

References: as Schizosiphon cataractae in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284 (1879);
as Scytonema Heppii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 260 (1887) ; as S. crustaceum var. incrustans
in Setchell, loc. cit. (1896), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 226 (1910); as S. Wolleanum
in Tilden, ibid. 221 (1910), in Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 787 (1932); as
Diplocolon Heppii in Tilden, ibid. 236 (1910) in part, in Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S.
97 (1933) in part.

SCYTONEMA MYOCHROUS (Dillw.) Ag. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 5: 104 (1887). S. cataracta Wood ex Born. & Flah.
pro. synon., ibid. 5: 105 (1887); Wood, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11:
129 (1869). S. Brandegeei Wolle ex Born. & Flah. sp. inquir., ibid. 5:
111 (1887); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877).— Wolle described
the filaments of S. Brandegeei as 38-42 n in diameter, but I find none

1 The TYPE of S. evanescens in the New York Botanical Garden, PUERTO RICO:
on limestone, Arecibo to Utuado, Wille 1^82, should without hesitation be referred
to S. densum in spite of Geitler's suggestion in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 785 (1932)
that S. evanescens is an ecological or growth form of S. Myochrous. However,
other specimens cited with Gardner's description are lichenized masses of S.
Myochrous.

36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

in the original material exceeding 35 ju in diameter. Specimens seen :
NEW YORK: Niagara, Aug. 1876 (F, P; Rabenh. Alg. 2492, N). NEW
JERSEY: with S. figuratum, Morris Pond (P). PENNSYLVANIA: Beth-
lehem, 1874, 1875 (F); moist rocks, 1877 (N, U); Rockdale, 1883
(P). COLORADO: wet rocks (TYPE of S. Brandegeei, P, isotype, N).

References: as S. Hegetschweileri in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877) in
part, ibid. 6: 284 (1879); as S. cataracta in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2492 (1877) in part,
F. W. Alg. 252 (1887); as S. Myochrous in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887), Britton Final Rep.
Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889), in Setchell, Erythea 4: 192 (1896), in Tilden, Minn. Alg.
1:224(1910).

SCYTONEMA FIGURATUM Ag. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 101 (1887).
S. Austinii Wood ex Born. & Flah. sp. inquir., ibid. 5: 111 (1887);
Wood, Smiths. Contrib. Knowl. 241: 58 (1872). Symphyosiphon
Austinii Wood apud Wolle, F. W. Alg. 261 (1887). Scytonema gracile
var. tolypotrichoides Wittr. ex Born. & Flah. sp. inquir., loc. cit.
(1887); Wolle in Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 389 (1880), Bull.
Torr. Club. 8: 38 (1881). S. mirabile Born., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36:
155 (1889), not Wolle. — See notes under S. crustaceum of this paper.
The isotype of S. Austinii cited here bears the note in Francis Wolle's
handwriting: "Same as sent to Dr. Wood" [by C. F. Austin]. Speci-
mens seen: NEW YORK: Niagara, 1876 (P; Rabenh. Alg. 2492, N).
NEW JERSEY: Morris Pond, July 1879 (TYPE of S. gracile var. tolypo-
trichoides, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 389, PW; isotype, N); with
Stigonema ocellatum, old path, Closter, Nov. 1877 (P). PENNSYL-
VANIA: Bethlehem (F). NORTH CAROLINA: Warren Springs, French
Broad River, Smith, Aug. 1880 (U). SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken, on the
ground, Ravenel 545 (PW), logs under water, Ravenel 472, 475 (F,
PW), damp face of clay cliff, Ravenel 82 (BM), wet timber at Benton's
old mill, Ravenel 111, 113 (BM). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (U).

References: as S. Hegetschweileri in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877) in
part; as S. cataracta in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2492 (1877) in part; as S. Notarisii in
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284 (1879); as S. polymorphism in Wolle, loc. cit. (1879),
F. W. Alg. 255 (1887) in part; as S. turfosum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284 (1879),
Amer. Quart. Microsc. Journ. 1: 207 (1879), F. W. Alg. 253 (1887); as S. simplex
in Wolle, ibid. 259 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 229 (1910); as S. tolypotrichoides
in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 604 (1889), in Setchell, Erythea 4: 192
(1896), in Tilden, ibid. 222 (1910); as S. mirabile in Setchell, ibid. 4: 193 (1896), in
Tilden, loc. cit. in part (1910); as S. Austinii in Tilden, ibid. 220 (1910), in Geitler,
Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 759 (1932).

SCYTONEMA TOLYPOTRICHOIDES Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5:
100 (1887). — This species passes under the name S. Archangelii in
recent North American phycological literature. Specimens seen:
NEW JERSEY: 'S. calotrichoides' (U); pond (0); Browns Mills, 1879

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 37

(D, P). MARYLAND: Falls of Deep Creek, Garrett County, Smith,
July 1878 (P). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U).

References: as Schizosiphon Meneghinianus in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284
(1879); as Calothrix mirabilis in Wolle, ibid. 6: 285 (1879); as C. Meneghiniana in
Wolle, F. W. Alg. 238 (1887); as Scytonema calotrichoides f. natans in Wolle, ibid.
251 (1887); as S. natans in Wolle, ibid. 252 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J.
2: 605 (1889); as Plectonema mirabile in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 266 (1887) in part; as
Scytonema calotrichoides of Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889); as
S. tolypotrichoides in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 7 (1939); as
Dichothrix Meneghiniana in Tilden, ibid. 277 (1910) in part.

SCYTONEMA HOFMANNII Ag. ex Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 5: 97 (1887). S. cortex Wood ex Born. & Flah. pro. synon., ibid.
98 (1887); Wood, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 130 (1869). Sirosiphon
scytonematoides Wood ex Born. & Flah. pro. synon., ibid. 117 (1887);
Wood, ibid. 134 (1869). Scytonema cortex f. corrugatum Wolle, F. W.
Alg. 257 (1887). S. cortex f. brunneum Wolle, ibid. 258 (1887). S.
Hofmannii f. brunneum Wolle apud Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 515
(1907). — The many specimens in the Farlow Herbarium referred by
Wood and Ravenel to Sirosiphon scytonematoides consist of the same
types of swollen and lichenized filaments as those which occur in the
material labeled Scytonema cortex f . corrugatum by Wolle. Bornet &
Flahault (ibid.), however, have placed Wood's Sirosiphon scytone-
matoides in synonymy with their Hassallia byssoidea. In the present
study, which has involved an examination of a large series of this
lichenized form from southern United States, the West Indies, and
Central America, it has seemed more reasonable to refer it to Scy-
tonema Hofmannii. Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Haverstraw, Austin,
Oct. 1869 (P); Niagara, Aug. 1876 (P). NEW JERSEY: on stones in
damp woods, Closter, Austin (P). SOUTH CAROLINA: on bark of
Platanus occidentalis, Ravenel 47 (ISOTYPE of Scytonema cortex, F);
Aiken, Ravenel 137 (F), 211 (BM), 222, 21+1 (F), clay cliffs, Ravenel
218 (F). GEORGIA: bark, red cedar, Ravenel, Apr. 1878 (P); on
Juniperus, Darien, Ravenel 292, 322, (F) ; on oak, Darien, Ravenel 306
(F). FLORIDA: St. Lucian River, Smith, Mar. 1878 (P); on Myrica
cerifera, Ravenel 10 (ISOTYPE of Sirosiphon scytonematoides, P), 37
(BM); Smith, Mar. 1878 (TYPE of Scytonema cortex f. corrugatum, P;
isotype, U).

References: as S. chrysochlorum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877) in
part; as S. cortex var. corrugatum 'var. nov.' in Wolle, ibid. 6: 284 (1879); as S.
cortex var. brunneum 'var. nov.' in Wolle, loc. cit. (1879); as <S. cortex in Wolle,
F. W. Alg. 256 (1887); as S. tomentosum in Wolle, ibid. 262 (1887), Britton Final
Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889); as Sirosiphon scytonematoides in Wolle, F. W. Alg.
271 (1887); as Scytonema Hofmannii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 216 (1910); as S.
Hofmannii f. brunneum in Tilden, ibid. 217 (1910).

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

SCYTONEMA VARIUM Kiitz. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 97 (1887).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'S. chrysochlorum' (D, P); Bushkill,
1875 (P). FLORIDA: Fort Meade, Smith, May 1880 (U).

References: as S. chrysochlorum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 253 (1887) in part; as
S. varium in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 217 (1910) in part.

SCYTONEMA OCELLATUM Lyngb. ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5: 95
(1887). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: dry rocks, Goodwinsville,
Austin, 1869 (P). PENNSYLVANIA: clay banks, Oct. 1875 (P). GEOR-
GIA: on old bricks etc., Darien, Ravenel 449, Nov. 1881 (F); on oak,
Darien, Mar. 1881 (BM).

References: as S. Naegelii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877), F. W. Alg.
252 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 604 (1889); as S. cinereum in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877), F. W. Alg. 258 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 605 (1889); as S. ocellatum in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 218 (1910); as Tolypo-
thrix penicillata in Tilden, ibid. 232 (1910) in part.

SCYTONEMA GUYANENSE (Mont.) Born. & Flah., Ann. Sci. Nat.
VII Bot. 5: 94 (1887). Symphyosiphon Wollei Born, ex Born. & Flah.
pro. synon., loc. cit. (1887); Bornet in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139
(1877). Scytonema guyanense var. minus Gardn., Mem. New York
Bot. Card. 7: 79 (1927). — See notes under Calothrix pulvinata of this
paper. Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: Oct. 1876 (F); on limestone
rocks, Depot Hill, Oct. 1874 (ISOTYPES of Symphyosiphon Wollei,
F, N, P). SOUTH CAROLINA: on Acer rubrum., Aiken, Ravenel 176 (F);
base of Nyssa, Aiken, Ravenel 70 (F).

Reference: as S. guyanense in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 220 (1910).

SCYTONEMA STUPOSUM (Ktitz.) Born, ex Born. & Flah., ibid. 5:
92 (1887). S. caldarium Setch.,1 Erythea 7: 48 (1899). S. azureum
Tild.,1 Amer. Alg. 7: 630 (1909). — Specimens seen: FLORIDA: Smith,
Mar. 1878 (U). JAMAICA: 'Jamaica' (P).

References: as S. intertextum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284 (1879), F. W.
Alg. 258 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 219 (1910).

SCYTONEMA CINCINNATUM (Kiitz.-) Thur. ex Born. & Flah., ibid.
5: 89 (1887). S. crispum (Ag.) Born., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36:
157 (1889). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: Quaker town (P);
'Lyngbya cincinnata' (U); stagnant water (0); 1880 (N). FLORIDA:
Smith, Mar. 1878 (U).

References: as S. cincinnatum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 38 (1881), F. W.
Alg, 254 (1887); as Tolypothrix distorta in Wolle, ibid. 263 (1887) at least in part,
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 231 (1910) in part; as Lyngbya cincinnata in Wolle, ibid. 296
(1887) in part; as Scytonema crispum in Tilden, ibid. 214 (1910).

1 1 cannot distinguish the isotypes of these two species from other specimens
of S. stuposum: CALIFORNIA: Waterman Hot Springs, San Bernardino, S. B. Parish,

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 39

Oscillatoriaceae

PORPHYROSIPHON NoTARisn (Menegh.) Kiitz. ex Gom., Ann. Sci.
Nat. VII Bot. 15: 331 (1892); Drouet, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 601
(1937). Scytonema Kaernbachii Henn., Bot. Jahrb. 15 (Beibl. 33): 8
(1892). Microcoleus Ravenelii Wolle ex Gom. sp. inquir., ibid. 15:
361 (1892); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 307 (1887). Porphyrosiphon Kaern-
bachii De Toni, Nuova Notar. 3: 134 (1892). Lyngbya Notarisii
Wille ex Forti pro. synon., Syll. Myxophyc. 314 (1907). Hydrocoleum
Ravenelii Wolle ex Forti, ibid. 322 (1907); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6:
183 (1877). Lyngbya arboricola Briihl & Bisvv., Journ. Dept. Sci.
Univ. Calcutta 5 (Bot. 1): 7 (1923). L. dendrobia Briihl & Bisw.,
ibid. 8 (1923). L. splendens Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7:
40 (1927). Porphyrosiphon Notarisii var. major Gardn., ibid. 41
(1927). P. robustus Gardn., loc. cit. (1927). Phormidium durum
Gardn.,1 ibid. 45 (1927). — Wolle's specimen bearing the label 'Hy-
drocoleum heterotrichum' (apparently the basis for the sole
report of this species from North America) consists of a mass of
rather poorly preserved algae of which the principal species are
Hapalosiphon pumilus, Schizothrix Muelleri, and Porphyrosiphon
Notarisii. The published description and figure and the annotation
"with H. versicolor" on the label prove beyond doubt that Wolle
referred to the last species as Hydrocoleum heterotrichum. In my
recent treatment of the Brazilian flora in Amer. Journ. Bot., vols.
24 and 25, I discussed the synonymy of Porphyrosiphon Notarisii
displayed above and listed, among others, American specimens from
North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Missouri, Texas, Puerto
Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Ceara, Maranhao, Para, Venezuela, and Ecua-
dor. Additional American material, along with that seen by Francis
Wolle, is given here: NEW JERSEY: dryish ground along an unfre-
quented part of an old field, Closter, Austin, 1864 (P), 1866 (F).
PENNSYLVANIA: from swamp near Bethlehem (P); marsh pool below
Nisky (PW). VIRGINIA: Prince Edward County, Smith, Apr. 1878
(U). NORTH CAROLINA: Winston-Salem, L. D. de Schweinitz (Pa).
SOUTH CAROLINA: on damp earth, Aiken, Ravenel 33 (N), 59 (F), 188
(BM). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, PW, U); on ground in sandy
places, Gainesville, Ravenel 5, 7, 20, 29 (F, N, P). LOUISIANA:

Apr. 1897 (ISOTYPES of S. caldarium Setch., Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 559, FM, T). TERRI-
TORY OF HAWAII: "warm spring," Puna, Hawaii, J. E. Tilden, July 1900 (ISOTYPE
of S. azureum, Tild., Amer. Alg. 630, FM).

1 The TYPE of Phormidium durum in the New York Botanical Garden, PUERTO
RICO: on shaded rocks near Hacienda Catalina near Palmer, Wille 74.6, Jan. 1915,
is typical material of Porphyrosiphon Notarisii.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

on ground in swampy wood, A. B. Langlois, Sept. 1891 (U); on damp
soil, Albany, G. W. Prescott, June 1938 (D). NEBRASKA: on wet and
dripping sandstone, Weeping Water, T. A. Williams, Mar. 1888 (U).
KANSAS: on soil in scrub oak woodland, Chautauqua, W. E. Booth
1, July 1939 (FM). OKLAHOMA: in an abandoned field, Stroud,
Lincoln County, Booth 5, July 1939 (FM). TEXAS: on ground in
pasture, Houston, Ravenel (TYPE of Microcoleus Ravenelii, P;isotypes,
F, N). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Maidenhead Coppice, New Providence,
E. G. Britton 3244, Feb. 1905 (N), L. J. K. Brace 9916, Jan. 1919
(N). JAMAICA: with Scytonema Hofmannii, Castleton, J. E.
Humphrey, Apr. 1893 (G); Arntully, C. R. Orcutt 2708, 7021, 1927-
28 (D, F, N, U); trail to Cinchona, Orcutt 5501, 1928 (D, F, N, U);
headwaters of Buff River, Orcutt 3793 (D, F, N, U). SURINAM: Chris-
toph Weigelt in herb. Schweinitz1 (Pa).

References: as Hypheothrix pallida in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877), in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 144 (1910); as Hydrocoleum phormidioides in Wolle, ibid. 6:
183 (1877) in part; as H. heterotrichum in Wolle, ibid. 6: 283 (1879) in part, in
Tilden, ibid. 138 (1910) in part, in Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S. 84 (1933) in part;
as Phormidium Naveanum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1879), in Tilden, ibid. 102 (1910);
as Scytonema polymorphism in Wolle, ibid. 6: 284 (1879), F. W. Alg. 255 (1887) in
part; as S. Notarisii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 284 (1879) in part; as Lyngbya
Naveana in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 298 (1887); as L. pallida in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608 (1889); as Microcoleus heterotrichus f. ameri-
canus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 307 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria Froelichii var. neglecta
in Wolle, ibid. 316 (1887) in part; as Hydrocoleum Ravenelii in Tilden, ibid. 138
(1910), in Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 1154 (1932); as Porphyrosiphon Notarisii
in Smith, ibid. 82 (1933) in part.

SCHIZOTHRIX PURPURASCENS var. CRUENTA (Lespin.) Gom., Ann.
Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 15: 321 (1892). Hydrocoleum rufescens Gardn.,
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 57 (1927).— This is one of the several
species comprising the material distributed by Wolle as Phormidium
congestum: see under Cylindrospermum majus of this paper. Speci-
mens seen: NEW YORK: sandy deposit, Aug. 1876 (F). NEW JERSEY:
with Stigonema ocellatum on old path, Closter, Nov. 1877 (P). PENN-
SYLVANIA: with Schizothrix Muelleri on old wood, Rockdale, Aug.
1877 (P). SOUTH CAROLINA: ground in woods, Aiken, Ravenel 186
(BM), 500, Nov. 1883 (PW). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U).

References: as Lyngbya Phormidium in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 299 (1887) in part;
as Microcoleus terrestris in Wolle, ibid. 305 (1887) in part; as M. vaginatus in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 157 (1910) in part.

\ Dr. Barnhart's surmise (Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 16: 250, footnote. 1921)
that the Surinam plants of the Schweinitz herbarium were of the collection of
Christoph Weigelt and were communicated to Dr. L. D. de Schweinitz by Dr.
Constantine Hering appears to be correct. In the manuscript catalogue of the

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE

41

SCHIZOTHRIX LAMYI Gom., ibid. 15: 323 (1892).— Specimens seen:
SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken, Ravenel 216, 284, Feb. 1878 (F, P), 154

(BM).

References: as Microcoleus terrestris in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 305 (1887) in part;
as M. vaginatus in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 157 (1910) in part.

SCHIZOTHRIX Wollei, nom. nov. Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle
ex Gom. sp. inquir., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 15: 361 (1892); Wolle,
F. W. Alg. 305 (1887). Stratum molle, expansum, aerugineum aut
fuscum, lapides et plantas aquaticas investiens, usque ad 5 cm.

FIGURE 1. Schizothrix Wollei Drouet: upper ends of filaments.

altum, filis elongatis, substrictis aut subflexuosis, penicillatim aggre-
gatis, fasciculatim pseudo-ramosis pseudo-ramis subadpressis, inferne
subsimplicibus; vaginis hyalinis demum luteolis, non aut modice
lamellosis, chlorozincico iodurato pulchre caerulescentibus, ambitu
irregularibus aut erosis, frequenter (in speciminibus siccis) transverse
plicatis, crassis vel in statu juvenili tenuibus cylindraceisque; tricho-
matibus aerugineis, ad genicula non aut leviter constrictis, 4 n ad 6 /x
crassis, plerumque intra vaginam singulis binisve aut ad bases
filorum usque ad quinqueis, apice non aut leviter attenuata; articulis
diametro trichomatis longioribus, raro subquadratis, 3.5 M ad 10 M
longis; protoplasmate dense grosse-granuloso, dissepimentis baud
granulatis; cellula apicali rotundata vel obtuse conica (v. s.). Fig. 1.
—This species is easily recognizable among others of the section
Chromosiphon Gom. by its aquatic habit, the resemblance of its

Schweinitz collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, occurs a
list of Schweinitz's correspondents. Here we find the entry: "Hering, Dr. Surinam
— innumerae Weigelt collect."

42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

filaments to those of Schizothrix Friesii, and its sheaths which be-
come thick and yellow-brown in age. Visits to the type locality, the
mill-race at Bamber Lake, Ocean County, New Jersey, by Dr. Ruth
Patrick, Dr. Charles Hodge, and myself in early winter have failed
to discover the species in the living condition. It has fortunately
appeared in recent collections by Miss Joan Bader at a station not
far distant. Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: "attached to stones and
larger aquatic plants in rapidly running water," Bamber, Sept. 1882
(TYPE in Herb. Univ. Pennsylvania; isotype, D); gelatinous layer in
swamp, shallow water, Toms River, J. E. Bader 221, Oct. 1938 (FM).
PENNSYLVANIA?: 'Hydrocoleum tinctorium' (P); 'in Pennsylvania'
(Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 869b, N, PW).

References: as Hydrocoleum tinctorium in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183
(1877); as Stigonema ocellatum & Hapalosiphon pumilus in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst.
Alg. exs. 18: 869b (1889); as Microcoleus pulvinatus in Wolle, Britton Final Rep.
Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889), in Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 379 (1907), in Tilden, Minn.
Alg. 1: 158 (1910); as Inactis tinctoria in Tilden, ibid. 149 (1910) in part.

SCHIZOTHRIX MUELLERI Nag. ex Gom., ibid. 15: 321 (1892).
Hydrocoleum Hieronymii Richt., Hauck & Richt. Phyk. univ. 543
(1892). — Some of the specimens marked 'Dasygloea amorpha' are
excellently preserved material of Schizothrix Muelleri; others contain
masses of shrunken hormogonia which, though scarcely recognizable
at first sight, cannot but be referred to this species also. The specimen
from New York cited here is part of the material labeled Phormidium
congestum by Wolle: see under Cylindrospermum ma jus of this paper.
Specimens seen: NEW YORK: sandy deposit, August 1876, with Micro-
coleus lacustris and Schizothrix purpurascens (C, F). NEW JERSEY:
Austin (P). PENNSYLVANIA: old wood, Rockdale, Aug. 1877 (P);
Glen Onoko, Mt. Glen (D, F, N, 0, P, U). MARYLAND: with Schizo-
thrix Friesii, Falls of Deep Creek, Garrett County, Smith, July 1878
(U).

References: as Hydrocoleum versicolor in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877);
as Dasygloea amorpha in Wolle, ibid. 6: 183 (1877), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 154
(1910), in Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S. 85 (1933); as Hydrocoleum phormidioides in
Wolle, loc. cit. (1877) in part; as Phormidium fasciculatum in Wolle, ibid. 6: 283
(1879); as Lyngbya Phormidium in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 299 (1877) in part; as Mi-
crocoleus amorpha in Wolle, ibid. 304 (1887); as Schizothrix Muelleri in Tilden, ibid.
152 (1910), in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 7 (1939).

SCHIZOTHRIX CHALYBEA (Kiitz.) Gom., ibid. 15: 319 (1892).—
For notes on the distribution of this species see Drouet, Bull. Torr.
Club 64: 603 (1937). One specimen: FLORIDA: with Scytonema
crustaceum, Smith, Mar. 1878 (P).

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 43

SCHIZOTHRIX FRIESII (Ag.) Com., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 15: 316
(1892). Symplocastrum Friesii Kirchn. ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 347
(1907); Kirchn. (the name ineffectively published), Schizophyc. 68
(1900). Schizothrix Purcellii Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 80: 91
(1928). Symplocastrum Brittoniae Gardn., New York Acad. Sci. Sci.
Surv. Puerto Rico 8: 287 (1932). — Specimens seen: CANADA: Macoun
(P). NEW YORK: Suffern, E. B. (P). NEW JERSEY: Austin (P); on
the ground, Hoboken, N. L. B. & E. G. L., Oct. 1884 (N, PW);
Closter, Austin 399, 401, 455, (F, P); with Stigonema ocellatum, old
path, Closter, Nov. 1877 (P). PENNSYLVANIA: clay banks (P, U);
Lehigh Mt., Aug. 1884 (PW); 1875 (P); Sept. 1876 (F); shaded
banks (N). MARYLAND: Falls of Deep Creek, Garrett County, Smith,
July 1878 (P, U) ; Spesutie Island, Harford County, Smith, Oct. 1878
(P, U). SOUTH CAROLINA: damp clay, Aiken, Ravenel 219, 244, 245,
448 (F), Sept. 1869 (BM). FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P).

References: as Symploca lucifuga in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877)
F. W. Alg. 303 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608 (1889) in part; as
Phormidium lyngbyaceum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877) in part; as
Symploca Friesiana in Wolle, loc. cit. (1877), F. W. Alg. 304 (1887); as Phormidium
rupestre in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879); as Symploca fuscescens in Wolle,
loc. cit. (1879), F. W. Alg. 304 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 131 (1910); as
Lyngbya Phormidium in Wolle, ibid. 299 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2:
608 (1889) in part; as L. Retzii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 302 (1887) in part; as Phormi-
dium Retzii in Tilden, ibid. 102 (1910) in part; as Schizothrix Friesii in Tilden, ibid.
146 (1910).

SCHIZOTHRIX ARENARIA (Berk.) Gom., ibid. 15: 312 (1892).
Hypheothrix aikenensis Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 329 (1907) ;
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877). H. arenaria Forti, ibid. 342
(1907). Schizothrix aikenensis Philson, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
Soc. 55: 96 (1939). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Closter, 1864 (P),
1871 (F, P). SOUTH CAROLINA: sluggish pools, Aiken, Ravenel 243
(TYPE of H. aikenensis, P), 465 (PW); wet ground, Aiken, Ravenel
242, 254, 286 (F); on wet wood, Aiken, Ravenel 472, Nov. 1881 (F).
FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P).

References: as Microcoleus terrestris in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 305 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889), in part; as
Hypheothrix coriacea f. Meneghinii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877), in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 142 (1910); as Scytonema thermale in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 259
(1887) in part; as Hypheothrix aikenensis in Tilden, ibid. 141 (1910); as Microcoleus
vaginatus in Tilden, ibid. 157 (1910) in part.

SCHIZOTHRIX LARDACEA (Ces.) Gom., ibid. 15: 307 (1892). Hy-
pheothrix lardacea Hansg., Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Fl. Tirol Verarlb. &
Liechtenst. 2: 144 (1901). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: Rock-

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

dale, Aug. 1877 (P). TERRITORY OF HAWAII: 'Sandwich Islands'

(PW).

References: as H. turicensis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877), in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 141 (1910).

SCHIZOTHRIX CALCICOLA (Ag.) Com., ibid. 15: 307 (1892). Hy-
pheothrix calcicola Rabenh. ex Gom. pro. synon., loc. cit. (1892).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: greenhouse, July 1877 (D, P);
June 1876 (P); 'Oscillaria chlorina' (P). VIRGINIA: Petersburg,
Smith, Apr. 1878 (U). SOUTH CAROLINA: artesian wells, Smith, Mar.
1878 (P, U). GEORGIA: on brick walls, Savannah, Ravenel (P).

References: as Oscillaria tenerrima in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 309 (1887), in part; as Leplothrix muralis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6:
182 (1877); as Mastigothrix aeruginea in Wolle, ibid. 6: 184 (1877); as Hypheothrix
aeruginosa in Wolle, ibid. 6: 282 (1879); as Oscillaria chlorina in Wolle, F. W. Alg.
311 (1887) in part; as Leptothrix calcicola in Wolle, ibid. 319 (1887); as L. aeruginea
in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887); as L. herbacea in Wolle, ibid. 320 (1887); as L. caespitosa
in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887) in part; as Hypheothrix herbacea in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1:
140 (1910).

SCHIZOTHRIX LACUSTRIS A. Br. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot.
15: 301 (1892). Inactis lacustris Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 354 (1907).—
Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Niagara, Aug. 1876 (D, P); Portage,
Aug. 1876 (P). PENNSYLVANIA: stones, Lehigh River, Sept. 1876
(P). SOUTH CAROLINA: Northampton Swamp, Ravenel 14 (BM).

References: as Leptothrix caespitosa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 320 (1887), in part; as Mastigonema caespitosum of Wolle, Bull. Torr.
Club 6: 138 (1877) in part; as M. planum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1877) in part; as Isactis
fluviatilis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 244 (1887); as /. caespitosa in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887)
in part; as I. plana in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 281 (1910) in part.

SCHIZOTHRIX VAGINATA (Nag.) Gom., ibid. 15: 302 (1892). In-
actis vaginata Nag. ex Gom. pro. synon., loc. cit. (1892). — One collec-
tion: SOUTH CAROLINA: hillsides, Aiken, Ravenel 546, Dec. 1884 (PW).

HYDROCOLEUM GLUTINOSUM (Ag.) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot.
15: 339 (1892). — Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Woods Hole,
W. G. Farlow, Aug. 1875 (P). NEW JERSEY: Passaic River, Belleville,
Hitchcock, July 1881 (U).

References: as Lyngbya majuscula in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 297 (1887), Britton
Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 607 (1889).

MICROCOLEUS CHTHONOPLASTES (Fl. Dan.) Thur. ex Gom., ibid.
15: 353 (1892). — One specimen, apparently not mentioned by Wolle:
NEW JERSEY: submarine soil, with Lyngbya aestuarii (U).

MICROCOLEUS ACUTISSIMUS Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
7: 55 (1927); Drouet, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 603 (1937). M. pur-

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 45

pureus Gardn., ibid. 56 (1927). Oscillatoria claricentrosa Gardn.,1
ibid. 37 (1927). — One specimen: FLORIDA: with Scytonema crusta-
ceum, Smith, Mar. 1878 (P).

MICROCOLEUS LACUSTRIS Farl. ex Gom., ibid. 15: 359 (1892).—
This and several other species of filamentous Myxophyceae are
contained in the material labeled by Wolle Thormidium congestum' :
see under Cylindrospermum majus of this paper. Specimens seen:
MASSACHUSETTS: Boston, W. G. Farlow, Dec. 1876 (P). NEW YORK:
sandy deposit, Aug. 1876 (C). SOUTH CAROLINA: on the ground,
Aiken, Ravenel 237 (P).

References: as Phormidium congestum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877)
in part; as Microcoleus terrestris in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 305 (1887) in part; as M.
lacustris in Setchell, Erythea 7: 52 (1899), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 157 (1910);
as M. vaginatus in Tilden, ibid. 156 (1910).

PLECTONEMA WOLLEI Farl. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 16:
98 (1892); Farlow, Bull. Bussey Inst. 2: 77 (1877). Lyngbya Wollei
Farl. ex Gom. pro. synon., loc. cit. (1892). — Certain authors have
remarked that Plectonema Wollei and Lyngbya majuscula are diffi-
cult to distinguish from each other. In herbarium specimens and
other material upon which records in recent local floras have been
based, the confusion of the two species is very evident. The 'charac-
ters' of the greatest diagnostic value here are, of course, the presence
of false branching of the filaments of the former species and the
absence of it in the latter. My experience with Plectonema Wollei
and other Myxophyceae with branching filaments has shown that
the greatest number of branchings are to be found in the oldest parts
of the plant mass, often not at all at the surface of the mass. The
reason for this is obvious: the youngest parts of the filaments at the
surface exist in an unbranched condition before branches are formed.
P. Wollei and Lyngbya majuscula, though similar in size of trichome
and filament, have many dissimilarities, in texture and thickness of
the sheath, in granulation and color of the protoplasm, in nature of
the walls, in shapes of cells, and in the macroscopic appearance of
the masses. Such differences become instantly apparent when one
compares material growing in strictly marine waters (L. majuscula)
with that from purely fresh water (Plectonema Wollei). Specimens
seen: MASSACHUSETTS: lapidibus adnatum (Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs.
279, N, PW); Woburn, W. G. Farlow, 1876 (F, P). NEW JERSEY:
Swartwood Lake, Sussex County, 1879 (P); Hitchcock (U). PENN-

1 The TYPE of Oscillatoria claricentrosa in the New York Botanical Garden,
PUERTO Rico: in a ditch by road to the Playa, Fajardo, Willc 697, Jan. 1915, is
similar to the type of Microcoleus acutissimus.

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

SYLVANIA: Lehigh River, Sept. 1874 (P), Aug. 1876 (P), Oct. 1878
(P); Bethlehem (B, F; Rabenh. Alg. 2440, N, T) ; rivers & ponds (0).
FLORIDA: in running stream from spring near Gainesville, Ravenel 30,
Dec. 1877 (F, P). OHIO: Rat Island, B. Romig, 1878 (P).

References: as Lyngbya Wollei in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2440 (1876), F. W. Alg.
297 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608 (1889); as Plectonema Wollei
in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877), Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 6: 279 (1879),
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 208 (1910).

PLECTONEMA TOMASINIANUM (Kiitz.) Born, ex Gom., ibid. 16:
99 (1892). Lyngbya subconfervoides Borge, Ark. f. Bot. 15 (13): 91
(1919).— Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: pond, July 1879 (P). PENN-
SYLVANIA: Krause Spring, Oct. 1878 (P), Oct. 1875 (F); calcareous
springs (0, P) ; limestone spring, Feb. 1877 (F. 0) ; Heyrich Spring,
July 1876 (P), 1880 (N); in aqua stagnante prope Bethlehem, Apr.
1879 (Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 391, N, PW); Bethlehem, in Quellen
auf Holz und Wassergewachsen (Rabenh. Alg. 2493, N); Derry
Church, Dauphin County, Oct. 1887 (PW); stagnant waters (D, N,
P).

References: as Plectonema mirabile in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2493 (1877), Bull.
Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877), Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 391 (1880), F. W. Alg. 266
(1887) in part; as Tolypothrix muscicola in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 264 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria Froelichii var. phormidioides in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 7: 43 (1880); as O. Froelichii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 315 (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889) in part; as Plectonema Tomasinianum
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 207 (1910).

PLECTONEMA NOSTOCORUM Born, ex Gom., ibid. 16: 102 (1892).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: greenhouse bank (P); June 1876
(F, P). MINNESOTA: on stones, Lake Harriet, E. Butler, Nov. 1883
(PW). MONTANA: F. W. Anderson, 1886 (PW).

References: as Oscillaria tenerrima in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 309 (1887) in part;
as O. gracillima in Wolle, ibid. 311 (1887) in part; as Leptothrix rigidula in Wolle,
ibid. 321 (1887) in part; as Oscillatoria amphibia in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 73 (1910)
in part.

SYMPLOCA MURALIS Kiitz. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 16:
112 (1892). S. muralis var. minor Gardn.,1 Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
14: 6 (1927). — Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Woods Hole, W. G.
Farlow (P). SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken, Ravenel, 1877 (P, T), 469, Oct.

1 This 'variety' does not, in my estimation, deserve a name. In the ten speci-
mens cited by Gardner in the Farlow Herbarium with his original description,
it is true that many of the trichomes measure as little as 3 n in diameter; neverthe-
less, many very closely approach 4 /i. Otherwise the masses are quite similar to
those of specimens of S. muralis cited by Gomont. The TYPE, in the Farlow
Herbarium, is: CHIN^: Kushan, near Foochow, Fukien Province, H. H. Chung
A3 91.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 47

1883 (F, PW), 488, Nov. 1883 (PW), 56, 92 (F), on the ground, 378,
Dec. 1880 (F); Charleston, Ravenel 335 (F). GEORGIA: brick walls,
Savannah, Ravenel 4 (F).

References: as Phormidium inundatum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 9: 25 (1882);
as Lyngbya Retzii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 302 (1887) in part; as L. inundata in Wolle,
ibid. 303 (1887); as Oscillaria antliaria in Wolle, ibid. 310 (1887) in part; as Phormi-
dium Retzii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 102 (1910) in part.

SYMPLOCA MUSCORUM (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 110 (1892). Phor-
midium Corium var. capitatum Gardn., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 14: 4
(1927). P. interruptum var. capitatum Gardn., Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 7: 44 (1927). — Specimens seen: MARYLAND: Spesutie
Island, Harford County, Smith, Oct. 1878 (P) ; Falls of Deep Creek,
Garrett County, Smith, July 1878 (U). SOUTH CAROLINA: Langley
Mills, Aiken, Ravenel 486, Nov. 1883 (PW). FLORIDA: Smith, 1877
(P, U).

References: as Lyngbya vulgaris in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 300 (1887) in part; as
L. interrupta in Wolle, ibid. 302 (1887) in part; as Symploca Muscorum in Drouet,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 9 (1939).

LYNGBYA AESTUARII (Mert.) Liebm. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 16: 127 (1892). L. aestuarii f. aeruginosa Gom., ibid. 16: 130
(1892). — Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Woods Hole, W. G.
Farlow, 1876 (PW). NEW JERSEY: pools and wet ground, Perth
Amboy, July 1878 (N, P) ; submarine soil (U) ; Dennisville, Cape May
County (D, P) ; ad terram in fossis submarinis, Aug. 1878 (Wittr. &
Nordst., Alg. exs. 282, N, PW); salt marshes (0).

References: as L. aeruginosa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879); as L.
aestuarii f. aeruginosa in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 6: 282 (1879); as L.
aestuarii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 38 (1881), F. W. Alg. 296 (1887), Britton
Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608 (1889), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 120 (1910); as L.
obscura in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 298 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608
(1889), in part.

LYNGBYA MAJUSCULA (Dillw.) Harv. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 131 (1892).
—One specimen: MASSACHUSETTS: Woods Hole, W. G. Farlow, 1874

(PW).

LYNGBYA SEMIPLENA (Ag.) J. Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 138 (1892).
Calothrix Donnellii (Wolle) Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 629 (1907).
Mastigonema Donnellii Wolle ex Forti pro. synon., loc. cit. (1907);
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879).— One collection, FLORIDA:
Smith, Mar. 1878 (TYPE of Calothrix Donnellii, P; isotype, D).

Reference: as Calothrix Donnellii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 271 (1910).

LYNGBYA PUTEALIS Mont, ex Gom., ibid. 16: 143 (1892).—
Material seen: GEORGIA: ditches, Darien, Ravenel 446, Nov. 1881 (F).

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

FLORIDA: Smith, 1878 (P). ARIZONA: Tucson, C. G. Pringle, Apr. 1881

(F).

References: as Phormidium subtorulosum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283
(1879); as P. tinctorium in Wolle, ibid. 9: 25 (1882), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 94
(1910); as Lyngbya Phormidium in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 299 (1887) in part; as L.
subtorulosa in Wolle, ibid. 300 (1887); as L. tinctoria in Wolle, ibid. 301 (1887);
as Microcoleus subtorulosus in Tilden, ibid. 158 (1910).

LYNGBYA VERSICOLOR (Wartm.) Gom., ibid. 16: 147 (1892).
Hypheothrix tenax Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 329 (1907);
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282 (1879). Leptothrix tenax Wolle,
F. W. Alg. 319 (1887). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: State
Quarries, Aug. 1878 (TYPE of Hypheothrix tenax, P; isotypes, D, U);
pools (0); 'Hypheothrix tenax' (Mi); 'Oscillaria chlorina' (P);
Bushkill above Nazareth (N); Bethlehem (B). OHIO: Painesville,
Beardslee, 1878 (0, P).

References: as Oscillaria chlorina in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 311 (1887) in part, in
Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 75 (1910) in part; as Lyngbya obscura in Wolle, ibid. 298
(1887) in part; as Hypheothrix tenax in Tilden, ibid. 141 (1910).

LYNGBYA OCHRACEA (Kiitz.) Thur. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 149 (1892).
— Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: waterworks, Boston, W. G.
Farlow, July 1877 (P). NEW JERSEY or PENNSYLVANIA: small pools
(D, P); Apr. 1877 (F); Pennsylvania? (Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs.
1169, N).

References: as Leptothrix ochracea in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 322 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 610 (1889); as Lyngbya
ochracea in Wolle, Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 24: 1169 (1893), in Tilden, Minn.
Alg. 1: 113 (1910).

PHORMIDIUM LURIDUM (Kiitz.) Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot.
16: 165 (1892). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: aquarium (D, F,

P).

References: as Leptothrix rigidula in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 321 (1887) in part.

PHORMIDIUM TRELEASEI Gom., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 37
(1899). — One collection from the type locality of the species, anno-
tated by Wolle as Leptothrix aeruginea: ARKANSAS: Hot Springs,
H. D. Mitchell, Feb. 1888 (N), comm. L. M. Underwood (PW).

PHORMIDIUM VALDERIANUM Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 16:
167 (1892).— One specimen seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Phormidium
obscurum' (P).

Reference: as Lyngbya obscura in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 298 (1887) in part.

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 49

PHORMIDIUM TENUE (Menegh.) Gom., ibid. 16: 169 (1892).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Oscillaria amphibia' (D, P).
SOUTH CAROLINA: spring, Aiken, Ravenel 497, Nov. 1883 (PW).

Reference: as Oscillaria amphibia in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 310 (1887) in part.

PHORMIDIUM WEISSII Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser.
20: 10 (1939). — One collection, bearing the annotation 'P. Boryanum',
the Phormidium sp. referred to in Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879) as
found in company with* Capsosira Brebissonii: FLORIDA: Smith,
Mar. 1878 (P, U).

PHORMIDIUM CORIUM (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 172 (1892).— One
specimen: PENNSYLVANIA: Mar. 1877 (F).

References: as Oscillaria gracillima in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 311 (1887) in part.

PHORMIDIUM INUNDATUM Kiitz. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 172 (1892).
P. purpurascens var. elegans Drouet, Bot. Gaz. 95: 696 (1934).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: with P. uncinatum, waterfalls
(0, P, U), Apr. 1877 (N, P); 'Oscillaria antliaria' (D, N, P). MARY-
LAND: Baltimore County, Smith, May 1878 (U). SOUTH CAROLINA:
Langley Mills, Aiken, Ravenel 485, Nov. 1883 (PW).

References: as Oscillaria gracillima in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 311 (1887) in part; as Phormidium cataractum in Wolle, Bull. Torr.
Club 6: 183 (1877) in part; as P. fonticola in Wolle, ibid. 6: 283 (1879); as Lyngbya
cataracta in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 302 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria antliaria in Wolle,
ibid. 310 (1887) in part; as Phormidium inundatum in Setchell, Erythea 7: 53 (1899),
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 100 in part (1910), in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot.
Ser. 20: 11 (1939); as P. incrustatum var. cataractarum in Tilden, ibid. 100 (1910) in
part.

PHORMIDIUM PAPYRACEUM (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 173 (1892).
P. autumnale var. minus Gardn.,1 Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7:
45 (1927). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: from aquarium (P).
VIRGINIA: Prince Edward County, Smith, Apr. 1878 (P, U).

PHORMIDIUM RETZII (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 175 (1892). P. lepto-
dermum var. capitatum Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 43
(1927). — Specimens seen: CONNECTICUT: on stones in Shetucket
River, Lisbon, W. A. Setchell, Aug. 1885 (P). VIRGINIA: Prince
Edward County, Smith, Apr. 1878 (P, U). SOUTH CAROLINA: Smith,
Apr. 1878 (P, U); stream, Langley Mills, Aiken, Ravenel 486, Nov.
1883 (BM). MICHIGAN: Detroit, D, H. Campbell, 1883 (PW).

References: as Oscillaria percursa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282 (1879),
F. W. Alg. 315 (1887), in part; as Lyngbya papyrina in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club

1 The TYPE of P. autumnale var. minus in the New York Botanical Garden,
PUERTO RICO: in reservoir west of Experiment Station, Rio Piedras, N. Wille 203,
consists of well preserved P. papyraceum.

50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

12: 129 (1865), F. W. Alg. 302 (1887); as L. Phormidium in Wolle, ibid. 299 (1887,
in part; as L. vulgaris in Wolle, ibid. 300 (1887) in part; as L. rupestris in Wolle,
loc. cit. (1887) in part; as Phormidium Retzii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 102 (1910)
in part; as P. Retzii f. rupestris in Tilden, ibid. 103 (1910) in part; as Symploca
Muscorum in Tilden, ibid. 132 (1910) in part.

PHORMIDIUM SUBMEMBRANACEUM (Ard. & Straff.) Gom., Ann.
Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 16: 180 (1892).— I have discussed the North
American distribution of this species in Rhodora 40: 262-263 (1938).
One specimen, Farlow's Oscillaria subtorulosa: MAINE: Eastport,
W. G. Farlow (P).

PHORMIDIUM FAVOSUM (Bory) Gom., ibid. 16: 180 (1892).—
Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Bussey Brook, Boston (P). PENN-
SYLVANIA: 1875 (F); 1879 (D, P). MARYLAND: foul drain ditch, Bal-
timore County, Smith, May 1878 (P, U).

References: as Oscillaria tenuis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313 (1887) in part; as
O. limosa in Wolle, ibid. 313 (1887) in part; as O. nigra in Wolle, ibid. 315 (1887)
in part; as Phormidium favosum in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 11
(1939).

PHORMIDIUM SUBFUSCUM var. JOANNIANUM (Ktitz.) Gom., ibid.
16: 184 (1892). — Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: insides of wooden
sluice (U); pools (U); 'P. leptodermum' (N, P); 'Oscillaria tenuis
var. fallax' (P). MARYLAND: mill dam, Baltimore County, Smith,
May 1878 (P, U).

References: as Lyngbya cataracta in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 302 (1887) in part; as
Oscillaria tenuis in Wolle, ibid. 313 (1887) in part; as Phormidium subfuscum var.
Joannianum in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 11 (1939).

PHORMIDIUM UNCINATUM (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 184 (1892).—
Specimens seen: NEW YORK: roadside ditch, Ithaca, Hitchcock, Aug.
1879 (U). PENNSYLVANIA: waterfalls (P); with P. inundatum,
'Oscillaria antliaria' (D, P); mill dam (N). MARYLAND: foul drain
ditch, Baltimore County, Smith, May 1878 (P). OHIO: '0. f on tana'
(P); Painesville, H. C. Beardslee (0).

References: as Phormidium cataractum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877)
in part; as Lyngbya cataracta in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 302 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria
antliaria in Wolle, ibid. 310 (1887) in part; as O. tenuis in Wolle, ibid. 313 (1887)
in part; as O. limosa in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887) in part; as Phormidium uncinatum
in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 11 (1939).

PHORMIDIUM AUTUMNALE (Ag.) Gom., ibid. 16: 187 (1892).
Lyngbya hahatonkensis Drouet, Bot. Gaz. 95: 698 (1934). — Speci-
mens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: greenhouse (D, P), Dec. 1876 (P), July
1877 (P) ; wood in tank (N) ; 'Oscillaria subfusca' (P) ; 'O. tenuis var.
fallax' (P). TEXAS: on surface of damp earth, Ravenel (P).

References: as Oscillaria violacea in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877), F. W.
Alg. 311 (1887); as Phormidium vulgare var. publicum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6:

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 51

183 (1877) ; as Oscillaria subfusca in Wolle, ibid. 7: 43 (1880), F. W. Alg. 312 (1887) ;
as Lynybya vulgaris in Wolle, ibid. 300 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria tenuis in Wolle,
ibid. 313 (1887) in part; as O. aerugineo-caerulea in Wolle, ibid. 311 (1887) in
major part; as Phormidium autumnale in Setchell, Erythea 7: 53 (1899), in Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 107 in part (1910); as Oscillatoria violacea in Tilden, ibid. 79 (1910),

OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS Vauch. ex Com., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 16: 206 (1892). O.obtusa Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
7: 38 (1927). Lyngbya gigantea Lewis, Zirk. & Patr., Journ. Elisha
Mitch. Sci. Soc. 1933: 221 (1933). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY:
Hitchcock (U). PENNSYLVANIA: Rockdale, 1878 (P); 'O. imperator'
(Mi) ; in stagnis pr. Bethlehem, Aug. 1877 (Rabenh. Alg. 2535, N, T),
Aug. 1879 (Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 393a, N, PW, U); small pools
(0, U); Bethlehem (B); 1879 (P); Tobyhanna, Aug. 1878 (D, N, P);
stagnant waters (0). FLORIDA: Smith, Feb. 1878 (U), Mar. 1878

(P, U). TERRITORY OF HAWAII: Hitchcock (PW).

References: as Oscillaria imperator in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2535 in part (1878),
F. W. Alg. 317 in part (1887); as O. princeps in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282
(1879), Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exs. 8: 393a (1880), F. W. Alg. 317 (1887); as O.
percursa in Wolle, ibid. 315 (1887) in part; as Oscillatoria princeps in Tilden, Minn.
Alg. 1: 62 (1910) in part.

OSCILLATORIA PROBOSCIDEA Gom., ibid. 16: 209 (1892). 0.
refringens Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 38 (1927).— One
collection, PENNSYLVANIA: in stagnis pr. Bethlehem, Aug. 1877, with
0. princeps (Rabenh. Alg. 2535, N. T).

References: as Oscillaria imperator in Wolle, Rabenh. Alg. 2535 (1878), F. W.
Alg. 317 (1887), in part.

OSCILLATORIA SANCTA var. CALDARIORUM Gom., ibid. 16: 210
(1892). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Lacka wanna Springs, 1879
(P). PENNSYLVANIA: in stagnant waters (P).

References: as Oscillaria Froelichii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 315 (1887), Britton
Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889), in part.

OSCILLATORIA SANCTA var. AEQUINOCTIALIS Gom., loc. cit. (1892).
—Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Buffalo, Aug. 1876 (P). NEW JERSEY:
Chapman, Nov. 1875 (P).

References: as Oscillaria major in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877), F. W.
Alg. 316 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889), in part; as O. Froe-
lichii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 315 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889),
in part; as Oscillatoria major in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 67 (1910) in part.

OSCILLATORIA LIMOSA Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 210 (1892). — Speci-
mens seen: VERMONT: small brooks, Bristol, C. G. Pringle (N). PENN-
SYLVANIA: Thormidium (Lyngbya) obscurum' (0); 'Oscillaria
Froelichii' (Mi) ; Bushkill, Sept. 1878 (P) ; grown on card, Apr. 1877

52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

(D, F, P), Apr. 1879 (F, U); shallow pools (N, U), waters (U); 1880
(N, O); stagnant waters (0); slow waters, May 1877 (N); Penn-
sylvania (N). MARYLAND: Garrett County, Smith, Aug. 1878 (U).

References: as Lyngbya obscura in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 298 (1887) in part; as
L. Phormidium in Wolle, ibid. 299 (1887) in part; as Oscillaria limosa in Wolle,
ibid. 313 (1887) in part; as O. Froelichii in Wolle, ibid. 315 (1887) in part; as O.
major in Wolle, ibid. 316 (1887) in part; as Osdllatoria limosa in Setchell, Erythea
7: 53 (1899), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 65 in part (1910), in Drouet, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 12 (1939); as O. major in Tilden, ibid. 67 (1910) in part.

OSCILLATORIA CURVICEPS Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 213 (1892).—
Specimens seen: PENNSYLVANIA: 'Oscillaria Froelichii' (N, P); stag-
nant waters, Apr. 1877 (N, U).

Reference: Oscillaria Froelichii in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 315 (1887) in part.

OSCILLATORIA ORNATA Kiitz. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 214 (1892). — One
specimen: MASSACHUSETTS: Jamaica Plain, W. G. Farlow (P).

Reference: as Oscillaria tennis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313 (1887) in part.

OSCILLATORIA MARGARITIFERA Kiitz. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 16: 216 (1892). — Specimens seen: NEW JERSEY: Port Morris,
Hitchcock, May 1879 (U) ; with Lyngbya aestuarii, Dennisville, Cape
May County (D, P).

References: as Oscillaria Grateloupii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 43 (1880),
F. W. Alg. 316 (1887).

OSCILLATORIA CORALLINAE (Kiitz.) Gom., ibid. 16: 218 (1892).—
One specimen, FLORIDA: Smith, 1878 (P).

Reference: as Oscillaria anguina in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 314 (1887).

OSCILLATORIA TENUIS Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 220 (1892). 0.
tennis var. levis Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 35 (1927).—
The Colorado material which Wolle labeled 'Lyngbya cincinnata'
consists almost entirely of Osdllatoria tennis. What he meant by
"Diam. of trichomes, with sheaths, 25-30 M" I cannot guess. Other
material annotated as 'Lyngbya cincinnata' is referred in this paper
to Scytonema cincinnatum. Specimens seen: MASSACHUSETTS: Fall
River (P). PENNSYLVANIA: hot (warm) water (O, U), 1878 (D, P),
1880 (N), rolling mill (N), near Bethlehem (N) ; in heissem Wasser an
Dampfmiihlen (Rabenh. Alg. 2536, N); 'Oscillaria neglecta' (P);
'0. nigra' (N); Bethlehem (B). MARYLAND: Garrett County, Smith,
July 1878 (U); Anne Arundel County, Smith, May 1878 (P); foul
drain ditch, Baltimore County, Smith, May 1878 (P, U). FLORIDA:
Race Creek, Polk County, Smith, Mar. 1880 (U); Fort Meade,
Smith (U). OHIO: Painesville, H. C. Beardslee (0). COLORADO:

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 53

'Lyngbya cincinnata' (P). CALIFORNIA: Santa Cruz, C. L. Anderson

(N).

References: as Oscillaria Cortiana in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877),
Rabenh. Alg. 2536 (1878), F. W. Alg. 313 (1887); as Lyngbya cincinnata in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877), F. W. Alg. 296 in part (1887); as Oscillaria chalybea
in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282 (1879); as O. limosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313
(1887) in part; as O. tennis in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887) in part; as O. nigra in Wolle,
ibid. 315 (1887) in part; as O. Froelichii var. neglecta in Wolle, ibid. 316 (1887) in
part; as Oscillatoria limosa in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 65 (1910); as O. tennis in Tilden,
ibid. 71 in part (1910), in Drouet, Rhodora 40: 268 (1938), Field Mus. Nat. Hist.
Bot. Ser. 20: 12 (1939); as O. Cortiana in Tilden, ibid. 81 (1910).

OSCILLATORIA AMPHIBIA Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 221 (1892).— One
collection: NEW JERSEY: with 0. salinarum, docks, Jersey City
Waterworks, Belleville, Hitchcock, July 1881 (U).

Reference: as Oscillaria subtilissima in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 309 (1887).

OSCILLATORIA SPLENDIDA Grev. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII
Bot. 16: 224 (1892). — Specimens seen: NEW YORK: Lorillard's Estate
Pond, Bronx Park, New York, Hitchcock, Sept. 1879 (U). PENNSYL-
VANIA: aquarium (N, P); with Oscillatoria tennis (P); sluggish water
(P); Lehigh, Aug. 1878 (N); spring waters (U); quiet waters (0).
MICHIGAN: Detroit, D. H. Campbell, 1883 (PW).

References: as Oscillaria elegans in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877),
F. W. Alg. 310 (1887); as O. gracillima in Wolle, ibid. 311 (1887) in part; as O.
Froelichii var. neglecta in Wolle, ibid. 315 (1887) in part; as Oscillatoria splendida
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 77 (1910) in part; as Phormidium laminosum in Tilden,
ibid. 96 (1910) in part.

OSCILLATORIA ANIMALIS Ag. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 227 (1892). — One
specimen: SOUTH CAROLINA: from sides of a wooden trough into
which the warm water from artesian well flows, Charleston, Ravenel
328, July 1879 (F).

OSCILLATORIA SALINARUM Collins, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. 24: 1160
(1904); Drouet, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 20: 13 (1939).
0. luteola Drouet, Rhodora 39: 277 (1937). — One specimen seen:
NEW JERSEY: docks, Jersey City Waterworks, Belleville, Hitchcock,
July 1881 (U).

References: as Oscillaria tennis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313 (1887) in part, Britton
Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889).

OSCILLATORIA FORMOSA Bory ex Gom., ibid. 16: 230 (1892).— One
specimen: IOWA: Iowa City, July 1878 (P).

References: as Oscillaria limosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313 (1887) in part; as
O. nigra in Wolle, ibid. 315 (1887) in part.

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

OSCILLATORIA BREVIS Kutz. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 229 (1892). —One
specimen: PENNSYLVANIA: ditches, wet ground (U).

Reference: as Oscillaria limosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 313 (1887) in part.

OSCILLATORIA CHALYBEA Mert. ex Gom., ibid. 16: 232 (1892).—
One specimen, FLORIDA: Smith, 1878 (P).

References: as Oscillaria rufa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282 (1879);
O. limosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 315 (1887) in part.

OSCILLATORIA ARTICULATA Gardn., Mem. New York Bot. Gard.
7: 34 (1927). 0. articulata var. circinata Gardn., ibid. 7: 35 (1927).
0. Grunowiana var. articulata Drouet, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 608
(1937). — One collection, NEW YORK: inundated soil, Buffalo, Aug.
1877 (F, N, 0, P).

References: as Oscillaria brevis in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 312 (1887); as Oscillatoria
brevis in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 79 (1910) in part.

SPIRULINA SUBSALSA Oerst. ex Gom., Ann. Sci. Nat. VII Bot. 16:
253 (1892). Arthrospira subsalsa Crow apud Croasdale, F. W. Alg.
Woods Hole, Mass. 18 (1935). — Specimens seen: MAINE: with Phor-
midium submembranaceum, Eastport, W. G. Farlow (P). FLORIDA:
'Beggiatoa' (P).

Excludenda

BEGGIATOA HINNULEA Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877).
Leptothrix hinnulea Wolle, F. W. Alg. 320 (1887). Lyngbya hinnulea
Tilden, Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 235 (1895). Hypheothrix? hinnulea
Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 336 (1907). — Wolle's original material and
the Minnesota specimens distributed by Tilden in Amer. Alg. 1:
69 (1894) (FM, N, U) are truly bacterial and should find a proper
place in a species of Cladothrix or related genus. One collection:
PENNSYLVANIA: trenches, warm water (TYPE of Beggiatoa hinnulea, P).

Reference: as Hypheothrix? hinnulea in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 140 (1910).

INACTIS AUSTINII Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 351 (1907);
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877).— The specimen labeled thus
consists entirely of a lichen: NEW JERSEY: Little Falls, Passaic County
(TYPE of /. Austinii, P).

Reference: as /. Austinii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 149 (1910).

LYNGBYA PHORMIDIUM var. RIVULARIS Wolle ex Forti, Syll.
Myxophyc. 304 (1907); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 299 (1887). Symploca
Muscorum var. rivularis Tilden ex Forti, loc. cit. (1907), as to name-
bearing synonym, not as to specimens. — The specimens cited here
appear to be those indicated in Wolle's description. The filaments
are very poorly preserved, so that it is doubtful to just what genus

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 55

of Myxophyceae the material should be referred. Specimens dis-
tributed by Tilden in Amer. Alg. No. 67 (FM, N, U) as S. Muscorum
var. rivularis, contain plants of a very different type. Material seen:
PENNSYLVANIA: attached to stones in Lehigh River, 1878 (TYPE
of Lyngbya Phormidium var. rivularis, P), 15 July 1879 (F, N, P).
References: as Symploca Muscorum var. rivularis in Tilden, Amer. Alg. 1: 67
(1894), Minn. Bot. Stud. 1 (1): 235 (1894), Minn. Alg. 1: 133 (1910), in Geitler,
Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 1123 (1932).

Certain specimens, the bases of reports of species of filamentous
Myxophyceae in the literature, prove to be material of other groups
of algae or of Myxophyceae in an unrecognizable condition. The
one meager collection, FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878 (P, U), upon
which the reports of Capsosira Brebissonii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club
6: 283 (1879) and in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 251 (1910) are founded
contains masses of Entophysalis? sp. The specimen, PENNSYLVANIA:
old wooden tanks (P), referred to by Wolle, F. W. Alg. 289 (1887) as
Sphaerozyga polysperma consists of a gelatinous matrix in which
small desmids (Cylindrocystis? sp.) are imbedded. The specimens
referred to as Phormidium julianum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283
(1879), as Lyngbya Juliana in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 301 (1887), and as
L. lutea in Tilden, ibid. 114 in part (1910), FLORIDA: Smith, Mar. 1878
(P, U), are of filamentous Myxophyceae in an unrecognizable state.

. Inquirenda

Legitimate names based upon specimens of the Wolle herbarium which as yet
I have been unable to find, are the following. From their published descriptions
and figures, we may suppose that most of them will prove to be synonymous with
species treated in this paper.

SIROSIPHON BRANDEGEEI Wolle, F. W. Alg. 274 (1887); Forti,
Syll. Myxophyc. 590 (1907); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 251 (1907).

ANABAENA FLOS- AQUAE var. AESTUARII Wolle ex Forti, Syll.
Myxophyc. 445 (1907); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 287 (1887), Britton Final
Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 607 (1889).

NODULARIA PALUDOSA Wolle ex Forti,Syll. Myxophyc. 435 (1907);
Wolle, F. W. Alg. 291 (1887); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 183 (1910).

CALOTHRIX LACUCOLA Wolle, F. W. Alg. 239 (1887), Bull. Torr.
Club 8: 39 (1881), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889) ; Forti,
Syll. Myxophyc. 629 (1907); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 272 (1910).

CALOTHRIX GRACILIS Wolle, F. W. Alg. 237 (1887), Bull. Torr.
Club 9: 25 (1882).

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

ISACTIS CAESPITOSA var. TENUIOR-VIRIDIS Wolle, F. W. Alg. 245
(1887).

SCYTONEMA CORTEX f. SAXicoLA Green apud Wolle, F. W. Alg.
257 (1887).

SYMPHYOSIPHON BORNETIANUS Wolle, F. W. Alg. 261 (1887);
Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 536 (1907); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 227 (1910).

TOLYPOTHRIX RAVENELII Wolle, F. W. Alg. 265 (1887), Bull.
Torr. Club 6: 285 (1879); Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 542 (1907); Tilden,
Minn. Alg. 1: 234 (1910) ; Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 14: 732 (1932);
Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S. 95 (1933).

HYPHEOTHRIX BULLOSA Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 329
(1907); Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 182 (1877); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1:
142 (1910). Leptothrix bullosa Wolle ex Forti pro. synon., ibid. 329
(1907); Wolle, F. W. Alg. 321 (1887).

SPIRULINA DUPLEX Wolle ex Forti, Syll. Myxophyc. 216 (1907);
Wolle, F. W. Alg. 323 (1887); Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 90 (1910); Crow,
Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 46: 145 (1927; Geitler, Rabenh. Krypt.-
Fl. 14: 918 (1932).

Specimens referred to in the literature under the following names appear to
be lacking. Many of such specimens may be already included in this treatment,
but for lack of data and proper annotation they cannot be identified with the names
under which they were recorded in publications. If we can judge by Wolle's notes
and drawings, however, few of these recorded names refer to species not appearing
in the treatment above.

Sirosiphon crustaceus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 274 (1887); S. pulvi-
natus in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605 (1889); S. com-
pactus in Wolle, loc. cit. (1889); Stigonema hormoides var. rhizodes
in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 245 (1910); Nostochopsis sp. in Wolle, Bull.
Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879); Fischera thermalis in Wolle, ibid. 6: 139
(1877); Fischerella ambigua in Tilden, ibid. 242 (1910); Hapalosiphon
torulosus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 276 (1887); H. Brebissonii in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 8: 39 (1881), F. W. Alg. 276 (1887), Britton Final
Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 606 (1889); H. tenuissimus in Wolle, Bull. Torr.
Club 8: 39 (1881), F. W. Alg. 277 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 606 (1889); H. fontinalis var. tenuissimus in Tilden, ibid. 240
(1910).

Nostoc tenuissimum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 282 (1887); N. calcicola
in Wolle, ibid. 283 (1887); N. rupestre in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 606 (1889); N. macrosporum in
Wolle, F. W. Alg. 284 (1887), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 175 (1910);
N. comminutum, N. sphaericum, N. caeruleum, N, pruniforme in

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 57

Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 606 (1889); N. sphaeroides
in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 217 (1878); N. microscopicum in Tilden,
ibid. 176 (1910); Anabaena flos-aquae in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 286 (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 606 (1889), in Tilden, ibid. 189
(1910); A. gigantea in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 287 (1887); A. variabilis in
Wolle, loc. cit. (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 187 (1910); A. stagnalis in
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877), F. W. Alg. 288 (1887); A.
oscillarioides in Wolle, loc. cit. (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J.
2: 607 (1889); A. catenula and A. torulosa in Tilden, ibid. 191, 192
(1910); Sphaerozyga Hassallii and S. Smithii in Wolle, F. W. Alg.
289, 290 (1887); S. polysperma in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol.
N. J. 2: 607 (1889); S. variabilis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183
(1877); S. Ralfsii in Wolle, ibid. 7: 44 (1880); Cylindrospermum
comatum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 293 (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 198 (1910);
C. macrospermum in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 607
(1889); C. limicola in Wolle, loc. cit. (1889); C. riparium in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 6: 183 (1877); C. majus in Setchell, Erythea 7: 51
(1899).

Amphithrix villosa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877);
Calothrix Dillwynii and C. gypsophila in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 237 (1887),
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889); C. Brebissonii in Wolle,
F. W. Alg. 238 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889);
C. Meneghiniana in Wolle, loc. cit. (1889); C. Orsiniana in Wolle,
F. W. Alg. 236 (1887); C. mirabilis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 20
(1883); C. Castettii in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 271 (1910); C. Braunii
in Setchell, Erythea 7: 46 (1899); Mastigonema halos and M. sejunc-
tum in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 242, 243 (1887) ; M. elongatum, M. fibrosum,
and M, fertile in Wolle, ibid. 243, 244 (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 271, 272
(1910); M. luteum 'sp. nov.' in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 139 (1877);
Schizosiphon crustiformis in Wolle, ibid. 6: 284 (1879); Dichothrix
gypsophila in Tilden, ibid. 278 (1910); Isactis caespitosa in Wolle,
Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889); /. fluviatilis in Wolle,
Bull. Torr. Club 8: 38 (1881), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 603
(1889) : Zonotrichia haematites in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 184 (1877) ;
Rivularia dura in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 249 (1887), Britton Final Rep.
Geol. N. J. 2: 603 (1889), in Tilden, ibid. 291 (1910); R. haematites in
Tilden, ibid. 290 (1910); Gloeotrichia natans and G. Pisum in Wolle,
ibid. 604 (1889); Gloeotrichia sp. in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 44
(1880).

Tolypothrix distorta in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2:
605 (1889); T. pulchra and T. flaccida in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 264, 266

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

(1887); T. muscicola in Wolle, Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 605
(1889); T. tennis in Wolle, loc. cit. (1889), Bull. Torr. Club 10: 20
(1883), in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1: 229 (1910); T. Wartmanniana and
T. geminata in Wolle, ibid. 6: 185 (1877); T. tennis f. bryophila in
Wolle, F. W. Alg. 265 (1887), in Tilden, ibid. 230 (1910) ; Desmonema
Wrangelii in Tilden, ibid. 235 (1910); Symphyosiphon hirtulus, S.
Castellii, S. ambiguus, and S. crustaceus in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 261, 262,
263 (1887) ; Scytonema Notarisii, S. Castellii, and S. dubium in Wolle,
ibid. 254, 255, 260 (1887); S. ambiguum in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6:
284 (1879); S. mirabile, S. crustaceum, and S. hirtulum in Tilden,
ibid. 222, 226, 228 (1910).

Schizothrix hyalina in Tilden, Minn. Alg. 1 : 151 (1910) ; Leptothrix
tinctoria and L. laminosa in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 321 (1887) ; Hypheo-
thrix tinctoria in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 282 (1879) ; H. luminosa in
Wolle, ibid. 10: 21 (1883); Hydrocoleum homoeotrichum in Wolle, ibid.
6: 183 (1877), in Tilden, ibid. 137 (1910), in Smith, Freshw. Alg. U. S.
84 (1933); H. helveticum in Wolle, ibid. 6: 283 (1879); H. lyngbyaceum
in Tilden, ibid. 135 (1910) ; Microcoleus anguiformis and M. hyalinus
in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 306, 307 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J.
2: 609 (1889); M. gracilis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 44 (1880),
F. W. Alg. 306 (1887); M. lacustris in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 38
(1881); M. chthonoplastes in Tilden, ibid. 155 (1910); Symploca
terrestris in Wolle, ibid. 6: 283 (1879); Lyngbya vermicularis and L.
membranacea in Wolle, F. W. Alg. 297, 300 (1887); L. arenaria in
Wolle, ibid. 299 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 608 (1889);
L. vulgaris and L. cataracta in Wolle, loc. cit. (1889); L. major in
Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 283 (1879), in Tilden, ibid. 126 (1910);
Phormidium Retzii and P. Joannianum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1879);
P. olivaceum in Wolle, ibid. 6: 183 (1877); P. arenarium in Wolle,
ibid. 7: 43 (1880); P. membranaceum in Wolle, ibid. 8: 38 (1881);
P. interruptum in Wolle, loc. cit. (1881), in Tilden, ibid. 102 (1910);
P. tenue, P. subfuscum, and P. subfuscum var. Joannianum in Tilden,
ibid. 98, 105, 106 (1910); Oscillaria detersa in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club
9: 25 (1882), F. W. Alg. 310 (1887); 0. leptotricha in Wolle, ibid. 6:
183 (1877), F. W. Alg. 311 (1887); 0. cruenta in Wolle, ibid. 312
(1887); 0. natans in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 43 (1880), F. W. Alg.
314 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889); 0. chalybea
in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 12: 129 (1885), F. W. Alg. 314 (1887); 0.
Bonnemaisonii in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877), F. W. Alg.
316 (1887); 0. littoralis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 9: 25 (1882),
F. W. Alg. 317 (1887), Britton Final Rep. Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889);

WOLLE'S FILAMENTOUS MYXOPHYCEAE 59

0. brevis in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 6: 138 (1877), Britton Final Rep.
Geol. N. J. 2: 609 (1889); 0. gracillima and 0. limosa in Wolle, loc.
cit. (1889); 0. Porettana in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 7: 43 (1880);
0. subsalsa var. dulcis in Wolle, loc. cit. (1880); 0. crassissima in
Wolle, ibid. 9: 25 (1882); Oscillatoria Bonnemaisonii, 0. tennis var.
natans, 0. cruenta, and 0. chalybea in Tilden, ibid, 68, 72, 80, 82
(1910); Arthrospira Jenneri in Tilden, ibid. 85 (1910); Spirulina
Jenneri in Wolle, Bull. Torr. Club 9: 25 (1882), F. W. Alg. 323 (1887).

INDEX TO NOMENCLATURE

Amphithrix janthina 28

villosa 57
Anabaena catenula 27, 57

circinalis 27

cupressaphila 33, 34

flos-aquae 34, 57

flos-aquae var. aestuarii 55

flos-aquae var. circinalis 27

gigantea 57

oscillarioides 27, 57

scabra 27

stagnalis 57

torulosa 57

variabilis 57

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae 28
Arthrospira Jenneri 59

subsalsa 54
Beggiatoa hinnulea 54
Calothrix adscendens 30

affinis 30

Braunii 29, 57

Brebissonii 57

Castellii 57

Crustacea 29

Dillwynii 57

Donnellii 47

Fortii 30

fusca 30

gracilis 55

gypsophila 57

Hosfordii 30

Juliana 29

lacucola 55

Meneghiniana 37, 57

mirabilis 37, 57

Orsiniana 30, 57

parietina 28, 29

pulyinata 29, 38

radiosa 30

radiosa var. fuscescens 30

scopulorum 29

scytonemicola var. brasiliensis 32

violacea 30

Capsosira Brebissonii 49, 55
Cylindrospermum caeruleum 28

comatum 57

flexuosum 25, 27

janthinum 28

licheniforme 28

limicola 27, 28, 57

macrospermum 28, 57

majus 28, 40, 42, 45, 57

muscicola 28

riparium 57

stagnate 28

Dasygloea amorpha 42
Desmonema Wrangelii 58

Dichothrix Baueriana 30

gypsophila 57

Hosfordii 30

Meneghiniana 37

Orsiniana 31

Diplocolon Heppii 34, 35
Fischera thermalis 56
Fischerella ambigua 24, 56

major 25

thermalis 24

Fremyella diplosiphon 32
Gloeotrichia echinulata 31

flagelliformis 32 ,

natans 32, 57

parvula 32

Pisum 31, 32, 33, 57
Hapalosiphon brasiliensis 25

Braunii 24, 25

Brebissonii 56

byssoideus 34

fontinalis 25

fontinalis var. tenuissimus 56

fuscescens 25

pumilus 25, 39, 42

tenuissimus 56

torulosus 56

Hassallia byssoidea 33, 34, 37
Hydrocoleum glutinosum 44

helveticum 58

heterotrichum 39, 40

Hieronymii 42

homoeotrichum 58

lyngbyaceum 58

phormidioides 40, 42

Ravenelii 39, 40

rufescens 40

tinctorium 42

versicolor 42
Hypheothrix aeruginosa 44

aikenensis 43

arenaria 43

bullpsa 56

calcicola 44

coriacea f. Meneghinii 43

herbacea 44

hinnulea 54

lardacea 43

luminosa 58

pallida 40

tenax 48

tinctoria 58

turicensis 44
Inactis Austinii 54

lacustris 44

obscura 29

tinctoria 42

vaginata 44

60

INDEX

61

Isactis caespitosa 28, 29, 44, 57

caespitosa var. tenuior-viridis 56

fluviatilis 44, 57

plana 44
Leptothrix aeruginea 44, 48

bullosa 56

caespitosa 28, 44

calcicola 44

herbacea 44

hinnulea 54

laminosa 58

muralis 44

ochracea 48

parasitica 30

rigidula 46, 48

tenax 48

tinctoria 58
Lyngbya aeruginosa 47

aestuarii 47

aestuarii f. aeruginosa 47

arboricola 39

arenaria 58

cataracta 49, 50, 58

cincinnata 38, 53

dendrobia 39

gigantea 51

hahatonkensis 50

hinnulea 54

interrupta 47

inundata 47

Juliana 55

lutea 55

major 58

majuscula 44, 45, 47

membranacea 58

Naveana 40

Notarisii 39

obscura 47, 48, 52

ochracea 48

pallida 40

papyrina 49

Phormidium 40, 42, 43, 48, 50, 52

Phormidium var. rivularis 54, 55

putealis 47

Retzii 43, 47

rupestris 50

semiplena 47

splendens 39

subconfervoides 46

subtorulosa 48

tinctoria 48

vermicularis 58

versicolor 48

vulgaris 47, 50, 51, 58

Wollei 30, 45, 46
Mastigonema aerugineum 29

caespitosum 28, 44

Donnellii 47

elongatum 57

fertile 57

fibrosum 57

fuscum 30

halos 57

luteum 57

Orsinianum 31

paradoxum 32

planum 44

sejunctum 57

velutinum 29

violaceum 30
Mastigothrix aeruginea 44

turgida 29

Microchaete diplosiphon 32
Microcoleus acutissimus 44, 45

amorpha 42

anguiformis 58

chthonoplastes 44, 58

gracilis 58

heterotrichus f. americanus 40

hyalinus 58

lacustris 45, 58

pulvinatus 41, 42

purpureus 44

Ravenelii 39, 40

subtorulosus 48

terrestris 40, 41, 43, 45

vaginatus 40, 41, 43, 45
Microcystis lobata 27
Nodularia paludosa 55
Nostoc alpinum 26, 27

caeruleum 26, 56

calcicola 56

comminutum 25, 26, 56

commune 25, 26

commune var. flagelliforme 26

cristatum 26

flagelliforme 26

glomeratum 27

humifusum 26

macrosporum 56

microscopicum 26, 57

Muscorum 26

parmelioides 26, 27

piscinale 25

pruniforree 26, 56

riparium 26

rivulare 25

rupestre 56

sphaericum 26, 56

sphaeroides 57

tenuissimum 56

verrucosum 27
Nostochopsis sp. 56
Oscillaria aerugineo-caerulea 51

amphibia 49

anguina 52

antliaria 47, 49, 50

Bonnemaisonii 58

brevis 54, 59

chalybea 53, 58

chlorina 44, 48

Cortiana 53

crassissima 59

cruenta 58

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 20

detersa 58

elegans 53

Froelichii 46, 51, 52

Froelichii var. neglecta 40, 53

Froelichii var. phormidioides 46

gracillima 46, 49, 53, 59

Grateloupii 52

imperator 51

leptotricha 58

limosa 50, 52, 53, 54, 59

littoralis 58

major 51

natans 58

nigra 50, 53

percursa 49, 51

Porettana 59

princeps 51

rufa 54

subfusca 51

subsalsa var. dulcis 59

subtilissima 53

subtorulosa 50

tenerrima 44, 46

tenuis 50, 51, 52, 53

violacea 50
Oscillatoria amphibia 46, 53

animalis 53

articulata 54

articulata var. circinata 54

Bonnemaisonii 59

brevis 54

chalybea 54, 59

claricentrosa 45

Corallinae 52

Cortiana 53

cruenta 59

curviceps 52

formosa 53

Grunowiana var. articulata 54

limosa 51, 52, 53

luteola 53

major 51, 52

margaritifera 52

obtusa 51

ornata 52

princeps 51

proboscidea 51

refringens 51

salinarum 53

sancta var. aequinoctialis 51

sancta var. caldariorum 51

splendida 53

tenuis 52, 53

tenuis var. levis 52

tenuis var. natans 59

violacea 51
Petalonema alatum 34

crustaceum 35

densum 35

junipericola 33
Phormidium arenarium 58

autumnale 50, 51

autumnale var. minus 49

cataractum 49, 50

congestum 28, 40, 42, 45

Corium 49

Corium var. capitatum 47

durum 39

fasciculatum 42

favosum 50

fonticola 49

incrustatum var. cataractarum 49

interruptum 58

interruptum var. capitatum 47

interruptum var. rigidum 24

inundatum 47, 49

Joannianum 58

julianum 55

laminosum 53

leptodermum var. capitatum 49

luridum 48

lyngbyaceum 43

membranaceum 58

Naveanum 40

olivaceum 58

papyraceum 49

purpurascens var. elegans 49

Retzii 43, 47, 49, 50, 58

Retzii f . rupestris 50

rupestre 43

subfuscum 58

subfuscum var. Joannianum 50, 58

submembranaceum 50

subtorulosum 48

tenue 49, 58

tinctorium 48

Treleasei 48

uncinatum 50

valderianum 48

vulgare var. publicum 50

Weissii 49
Plectonema mirabile 33, 37, 46

Nostocorum 46

Tomasinianum 46

Wollei 45, 46
Porphyrosiphon Kaernbachii 39

Notarisii 39, 40

Notarisii var. major 39

robustus 39
Rivularia Biasolettiana 31

dura 57

echinulata 31, 32

flagelliformis 32

haematites 31, 57

minutula 31

natans 32

paradoxa 32

Pisum 32

radians var. minutula 31
Schizosiphon Bauerianus 30

cataractae 35

crustiformis 57

Meneghinianus 37
Schizothrix aikenensis 43

INDEX

63

arenaria 43
calcicola 44
chalybea 42
Friesii 43
hyalina 58
lacustris 44
Lamyi 41
lardacea 43
Mueller! 39, 42
Purcellii 43

purpurascens var. cruenta 40
vaginata 44
Wollei 41

Scytonema alatum 34
ambiguum 24, 58
Archangelii 36
Austinii 36
azureum 38, 39
badium 24, 25
Brandegeei 35, 36
caldarium 38, 39
calotrichoides 37
calotrichoides f. natans 37
Castellii 58
cataracta 35, 36
chrysochlorum 37, 38
cincinnatum 38
cinereum 38
cortex 37

cortex f . brunneum 37
cortex var. brunneum 37
cortex f. corrugatum 37
cortex var. corrugatum 37
cortex f . Ravenelii 34
cortex var. saxicola 56
crispum 38

crustaceum 34, 35, 36, 58
crustaceum var. incrustans 34, 35
densum 35
dubium 58
e vanes cens 35
figuratum 33, 35, 36
gracile var. tolypotrichoides 36
guyanense 29, 38
guyanense var. minus 38
Hegetschweileri 36
Heppii 34, 35
hirtulum 58
Hofmannii 37
Hofmannii f. brunneum 37
intertextum 38
junipericola 33
Kaernbachii 39
mirabile 33, 35, 36, 58
Myochrous 35, 36
Naegelii 38
natans 37

Notarisii 36, 40, 58
ocellatum 38
polymorphum 36, 40
simplex 36
stuposum 38

thermale 43

tolypotrichoides 35, 36, 37

tomentosum 37

truncicola 34

turfosum 36

varium 38

Wolleanum 35
Sirosiphon acervatus 23

alpinus 23

argillaceus 23, 24

Brandegeei 55

compactus 23, 24, 56

coralloides 22

Crameri 24

crustaceus 56

lacustris 22

lignicola 23, 34

ocellatus 24

pulvinatus 22, 23, 56

pulvinatus f. alpinus 23

pulvinatus f. mamillosus 23

scytonematoides 37
Sommierella hormoides 24
Sphaerozyga Hassallii 57

polysperma 55, 57

Ralfsii 57

saccata 27

Smithii 57

variabilis 57
Spirulina duplex 56

Jenneri 59

subsalsa 54
Stigonema anomalum 24

canadense 22

contortum 22

hormoides 24

hormoides var. rhizodes 56

informe 22, 23

mamillosum 22

mamillosum f. robustum 22

minutum 23

minutum var. saxicola 23

multipartitum 22

ocellatum 24, 42

panniforme 23, 24

robustum 22

thermale 24

tomentosum 23
Symphyosiphon Austinii 36

ambiguus 58

Bornetianus 56

Castellii 58

Contarenii 35

crustaceus 58

hirtulus 58

incrustans 35

Wollei 38
Symploca Friesiana 43

fuscescens 43

lucifuga 25, 43

muralis 46

muralis var. minor 46

64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 20

Muscorum 47, 50 penicillata 38

Muscorum var. rivularis 54, 55 pulchra 57

terrestris 58 Ravenelii 56

Symplocastrum Brittoniae 43 rupestris 33

Friesii 43 tenuis 33, 58

Tolypothrix Aegagropila 33 tenuis f- bryophila 58

bombycina 3. truncicola 34

Bulnheimn 33 Wartmanniana 58

byssoidea 33, 34 m . , „ .

dWta 38, 57 Tnchormus mcurvus 34

flaccida 57 Wollea saccata 27

geminata 58 Zonotrichia chrysocoma 31
lanata 33 haematites 57

muscicola 33, 46, 58 paradoxa 32

THF LIBRARY OF THE

^N 3 -1040

UNIVERSITY Of ILUHOK

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA