pPATER[^^ Official Bulletin For The Jan-Mar Volume 14 #1 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION 2001 Monette Gilding Photo by Ted Green INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Administrative Office: 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Phone; (760) 758-4290 Fax; (760) 945-8934 E-Mail; RBGdns@aol.com A Non-Profit Organization Bulletin published quarterly. ISSN 1005&4564 2001 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers And Editor President Dr. Harriette Schapiro Vice President Chuck Everson Secretary/Treasurer Ann Wayman Editor Emeritus Ann Wayman Editor Dale Kloppenburg Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Rosemary Peterson Ted Green William J. Wayman Dr. Vic Sencindiver Jerry Williams Correspondence Sec’y Dr. Vic Sencindiver 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven, NJ. 08008 Round Robin: Rosemary Peterson 6262 E. Killdee St. Long Beach, CA. 90808 Membership Sec’y Jerry Williams and Slide Librarian: 1444 E. Taylor St Vista, CA 92084 Honorary Board Members Representing Europe; Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing S.W. U.S.: Mary Jo Gussett Representing Central Europe; Ruurd Van Donkelaar I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Hoya Group, San Diego, CA. Svenska Hoya Saiskapet, Boddnge, Sweden Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in "Fratema". It is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. Fraterna Fratema is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at; 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA 92084-3308. Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, the Board of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non- profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one cop^ of the publication containing the rqsrint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction In whole or part by any other organization, publication or individual, is prohibited except by permission of the editor. The President’s Message f}Ca/!/iiette ^cKajii/ia I love the spring. It is a time of renewal and regrowth. It is time for all good plantsmen to repot and renew all of their old favorites. I will be spending a great deal of time this year, getting things repotted and rearranged in the yard. Almost all of my bonsai need to be repotted and my hoyas are a tangled jungle. I have just discovered that my new little dog was "lizard hunting" and turned over a pot with a brittle succulent in it. I think I will have to rearrange plants to remove temptation and opportunity from her way. It is her back yard, so we will have to figure out how to share the yard. We all have to make compromises and I guess that that will have to be one of mine with this one. With my old English bulldog, I learned to fence off my fern bed. He thought that ferns made the greatest pillow. One thing I don't want to compromise is the quality of the IHA. We continue to grow and to acquire new members. I can't possibly know all of you. All of us have strengths and weaknesses. With your help, we will continue to improve The Fratema and the Association. If there are topics you feel we have been neglecting or issues you would like discussed, let us know - even better send us even a rough outline of an article. For all of you, there are opportunities to learn of how other people grow and care for their plants. Join a Robin. We have several active groups circulating letters and information. If you enjoy occasional letter writing, drop Rosemary Peterson (Our Round Robin coordinator) a note and let her know. She will get you started meeting new people all over the world. Harriette Schapiro, President I. H. A 5217 Cassandra Lane San Diego CA 92109 (858) 273A267 Email: schapir@mail.sdsu.edu Our Cover Story: ( The Lei is composed of the following: Lime-green flowers are a small form of Hoya coronaria Blume, the black ones are H. ciliata Teijsm.& Binn. (//. madulidii Klopp.), the pink are from an Edward Gilding Eriostemma hybrid and the yellow ones are of Hoya ariadna Decaisne. Hoya Flowers for Leis? By Edward Gilding Ever wanted to clothe yourself with the elegant beauty of a Hoya vine? Sure, for most of us, Hoya plants are special things that we care for in our homes and gardens. We would normally think of them as plants that are to be admired as botanical specimens. Many of them are truly charming in that respect, and would be reluctant to pick their flowers for decoration. Many species wilt within hours of harvest and are because of this quality useless as cut flowers. Not all species wilt so quickly, particularly the species within the Eriostemma section. These plants are notoriously shy when it comes to flowering indoors or in cooler areas. Not so in Hawaii, where the excessive heat and sun stimulate these vine to bloom excessively. Here, I describe one of my quests to use novel plants in novel ways, even turning to hybridization and selective breeding of these plants. Many cultures of the Oceania and the Pacific Rim sew or weave flowers into garlands to . decorate people, statues, altars etc. The meanings regarding the materials and occasions are ' varied while the sentiment is invariably one of respect and exaltation for the receiver of the garland. The Hawaiian word lei (pronounced LAY) is used to refer to this type of garland. It may be constructed of living materials like seeds, flowers, leaves and fruits or things that are now dead but was once alive such as shells or feathers. A lei is normally thought of as being worn around the neck and with its’ ends tied to form a sort of necklace while in traditions both modern and ancient they may be left untied or worn around hats. A lei might be flowers tied to a strip of raffia or strung with needle and floss. A lei is made to be worn by one person. It is considered bad practice to pass them around after receiving them. In other words, it should be made with one person in mind and that person alone should wear it. In modern day Hawaii, people usually give and receive leis when one is being honored or congratulated (i.e. a birthday or graduation). Why not make a lei of Hoya flowers? Their sharp angular features and somber colors of green, black, yellow or red-ochre seem to mimic the features present in Oceanic art. The results so far have been outstanding. Many assume that they must be molded plastic, while others are familiar with Hoyas but never thought they could look like the species in Eriostemma. Some of the color combinations are extremely striking. On one occasion I made a lei of H ciliata which is black-burgundy and twisted a second strand of chartreuse-green H. sp. ‘Apple Green’ flowers around the H. ciliata strand. It takes anywhere from 150-250 flowers to make a single strand. Here in Pearl City Hawaii we have hot 90 degree summers with strong sun that turns the vines light yellow green and makes them burst into full flower about three times a year. One vine may produce 300-400 flowers during one of these flushes. Many lei-makers have a lei garden { specifically planted with enough plants to provide lei making materials. 2 ’ Other asclepiads that grow here and are used in leis are Crown Flower (Calotropis gigentea), Stephanotis floribunda, and Pakalana {Telosma cordata). Pakalana is a Hawaiianized name for the plant. It is corrupted from the traditional Pak Lan which refers to a tropical magnolia tree, Michelia alba. There is a Hawaiian name for Hoya believe it or not, Pua Hoku Hihi which means the twining-star-flower. I have found that in order to increase the life of picked flowers it pays to harvest them at night after watering your plants that day. Harvest as many flowers as you can the night after they open. Pick the pedicel by snapping it backward, place in a bucket with warm soapy water. Use a mild dishwashing soap this will help to dislodge any ants and other crawlies. Once you have picked as many flowers as you can wash the flowers gently under running tap water and place in a plastic bag or tub with water covering the flowers. Allow them to ‘cure’ overnight in the refrigerator, the next morning you may begin making your lei. I have stored flowers of H. ciliata, H. ‘MM’, and H. lauterbachii on the top shelf of my refrigerator for a week like this with no problems. Do not let them sit in there for the whole week though! Fresh is always best! The following species and cultivars have proven to be sufficiently profuse bloomers to warrant use in leis: UH. ciliata - The Black Hoya from the Philippines. Flowers are rather thin textured and wilt a day after cutting. The odd color, reflexed corolla and outstanding flower production keeps me interested in using them in leis and breeding projects. UH. X ‘MM’ - Hybrid that produces 30-40 flowers at any one time per vine and so ^ requires planting of many vines. The good point is that it is a strong yellow flowered Hoya that blooms quickly from cuttings and also blooms year round. This vine is without flowers barely two months a year. The flowers last very well once cut. UH. sp. ‘Apple Green’ - This is a species with which the taxon H. coronaria has been confused with in literature. This is not H. coronaria, and is a species onto itself. Hailing from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula it shares the range of the true H. coronaria. 1 have applied the nickname ‘Apple Green’ to it because the color and glossy texture is like that of Granny smith apples. Interestingly enough the fragrance and coloring of the flowers resembles that of Pakalana. One of my favorites with a single vine bursting forth into bloom twice a year with up to 400 flowers open at once. Another form grows in my collection from Borneo that has larger flowers tinged with brown. UH. X ‘Ruthie’ - This is my first hybrid selection. It is a cross between H. ‘MM” and H. ariadna. The flowers last well once cut and plants will bloom three or more times a year given enough sunlight. The coloring is like that of Rainier cherries, being lemon yellow with fuchsia-orange highlights and a glossy finish. Siblings from this cross have shown much variation owing to the hybrid H. x ‘MM’ parent. One sibling recently used in a cross has huge 60mm flowers that last 12 days or more on the vine. UH. purpurea - The particular clone I have used in lei-making is IML 86. It is a profuse bloomer for me with long lasting flowers in burgundy-red. Resembles H. sussuela in many respects. ^ In the near future I hope to bloom more hybrid seedlings within this group to select for the most productive bloomers and distribute them as lei flowers or flowering vines for the garden. 3 Some of the more exciting seedlings are H. ciliata x H. x ‘MM’, and H. coronaria (true species) x H. lauterbachii. The potential is there; it is just a matter of realizing it. Keep in mind that all domesticated plants, or plants chosen by us humans as being “useful” were once “wild” and we took it upon ourselves to use them in ways we seem fit. Why not realize the potential these plants have to deliver to popular gardening. I am not proposing that an Eriostemma will pop up at your local garden store in the sub-tropics but I do see a time when they will become a part of the tropical garden and warm greenhouses of the cooler climes. Get creative! What other uses do you have for your plants? Personally I always thought that leaves of H. subquinquenervis make excellent coasters! Some Members plants ( 4 A crested Dischidia species grown at Rainbow Gardens, Vista, California. This plant was originally collected by Chanin Thorut, in Thailand. Photos credits: page 4 by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, and page 5 by Jerr>' Williams, Vista, CA Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg sp. nov. Hoya bordenii Schlechter affmis, sed intus coronae subtiliter pubescente, non minute et sparsim granuloso-papillosa; foliolis superne latus nec anguste ellipticus. Typus (UC), Dale Kloppenburg #951074 ex hort. Dale Kloppenburg, Fresno, California. From Estrella waterfall area, Palawan Island, Philippines. Related to Hoya bordenii Schlechter but corolla inside minutely pubescent and with the coronal lobes very broad toward the inner apex, scale diamond shaped, outer apex acute, inner less so and not reaching the center so anthers are much exposed; scales horizontal, dorsal slightly concave in center, grooved below almost to the eentral eolumn, that is much thickened. Outer apex of corolla exceed the corolla sinus. An epiphyte vine in trees, branching and rebranching, glabrous, leaves opposite tend to be long narrowly elliptic curved along length, apex acute to apiculate 6.5 cm. - 1 1 .0 cm. long x ca. 4.2 cm wide, but some smaller and broader, triplinerved with faint anastomosing, only primary veins and midrib visible below, surfaces glabrous, margins sharp and slightly curved under, blade not flat. Leaf upper surface with splotchy silvering, petiole terete, corky. Pedicels straight, terete, light 5 green with rusty colored lenticels 1.8 cm. Long, glabrous, 0.10 cm. in diameter. Calyx very small with conspicuous ligules at the sinus overlap, a few cilia, edges membranous broadest 0.15 cm. length 0. 13 cm. Ovaries bottle shaped 0.16 cm. tall base 0.09 cm. wide. Corolla: rotate with edges rolled under to give a star like appearance, outside glabrous, inside finely pubescent, color off white to soft yellow. Slightly cupped under the corona. Sinus to sinus 0.39 cm. Sinus to apex 0.46 cm. Sinus to center 0.34 cm., so corolla cut much below half way. Widest 0.52 cm. Apex to center 0.80 cm., so flower diameter flattened is 1 .60 cm. Corona: sharp (acuta) outer apex, pale yellow, exceeds the corolla sinus by 0.10 cm., inner lobe dentate, short, rusty red tones. Anther wings protrude past scale sinus. Grooved below and sides finely sulcate. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Anther wing to aw. Aw. to retinaculum Ret. to center Ret. to ret. 0.40 cm. 0.48 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.28 cm. 0. 1 2 cm. 0.10 cm. 0. 1 1 cm. Pollinarium: Pollinia 0.60 mm. long, 0.21 mm. widest, apex truncate but tapering inwardly. Pellucid edge extending from outer apex to near the inner apex, vacuoles not well defined. Translators wedge shaped 0.1 5 mm long, 0.05 mm wide, attached below waist. Caudicle dense (not clear) bulb ca. 0.6 mm. in diameter. Retinaculum: Head Shoulders Waist Hip Extensions 0.23 mm. long, domed. 0.15 mm. Wide. 0.10 mm. Wide. 0. 1 1 mm. narrowing to sharp apex, close together 0.08 mm long with much undifferentiated material. This new hoya is named for its collector Eva-Karin Wiberg of Borlange, Sweden, editor of Hoyatelegrafen magazine for the Swedish Hoya Society. She is the publisher of a book "Porlinsblomman att Odla och Alska" and a cd-rom "Hoya pa cd-rom" 6 Photo of this species by Eva-Karin Wiberg. View of the calyx and pedicel enlarged about 8X. Note the very small sepals and relatively large ligules at the sepal base. The edges are slightly irregular and there are a few cilia. Pedicel is terete, with a very-very fine pubescent surface. Ovaries are dome shaped. View of the outside of the corolla with the calyx removed enlarged about 8X. (left) Note the outer apex of the corona exceeding the sinus of the corolla. Outer surface of corolla glabrous but finely granulose; inside finely pubescent (right). Edges of corolla are rolled under to give the rotate corolla a star-like shape, lobes are slightly reflexed so the crown is well exposed. 7 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The outer apices are acute, here below the scales are grooved well in toward the center where there is a thickened column. There are shelf like projections (bilobed precursors?) along the scale sides that are visible to each side of the projecting anther wings. The sides of the scale which form the groove are finely sulcate. What is unusual here is how far inward the lower side of the scale proceeds in forming the groove and how the anther wings forming the stigmatic groove extend out from the scale Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The shape of the scales are diamonds, the inner lobe is dentate- acute and does not reach the center where the anthers are exposed and slightly crepe-like. The outer apex is very acute, narrow side lobes are present and arise from the lower side of the inner apex and end at the outer apex. I have placed these species in a subsection of the Section Acanthostemma, namely Angusticarinata. The anther wings are well developed actually double sided, here slightly opened due to slight drying. The dark retinacula are visible. The scale dorsal surface has a indistinct umbo and keel in the center. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. The cycle shaped anther wing here is large, thick (depth) and well developed. The scale lies horizontal, with a short inner lobe and tapering outer lobe. The small umbo is visible just back from the inner lobe. The anther is projected beyond the inner apex. Pollinarium enlarged about 83X. The jagged edge on the inner side of the pollinia may be due to drying. The pellucid edge here begins well in on the top of the pollinia at the division between the vacuoles and pollen and seems to extend all the way to the other apex. The translators are wedge shaped, not well defined, whereas the caudicle, usually clear, is here more opaque and relatively small. The retinaculum is large with a rounded, here broad shouldered and tapers to the apex from there with extensions not well separated. I have shown two focal lengths to demonstrate that at different depths 3 dimensional structures will show different configuration. Here see the head of the two retinaculum. 8 “And Because the Breath of Flowers is far Sweeter in the Air ” P. Victor Sencindiver, M.D. I awoke at 4:30 AM, as is usual for me, came downstairs, walked into my plant room, and was assaulted by an unbelievable fragrance. Blooming were the sweetest combination of plants imaginable — Two big spikes of Eucharis ainazonica, Jasminum sambac ‘Maid of Orleans’, Stephanotus florabunda, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Hoya odorata, Hoya cumingiana, Hoya iacunosa and Hoya nummularioides. What a combined fragrance ! ! ! I stood for what seemed like an eternity mesmerized by the olfactory gift and the visual spectacle. I had moved my plant collection indoors to their winter quarters three weeks ago from their summer stay outdoors. The fragrant plant material mentioned above is surrounded by many other lesser fragrant flowering hoyas and a multitude of flowering gesneriads. Quite a spectacle ! ! ! Looking around the plant room, I thought it might be of interest to some of you what I have done to this glassed-in porch to make it what it is. Some things that each of you can easily do to your own homes to facilitate plant growth. The “room” is 25 feet in length, 8 feet in width and 10 feet high. It faces northeast, east, southeast and south. The walls and ceiling are painted white. There are eight double-hung windows (screened and storm-sashed). A Hunter ceiling fan is centered over the room. It opens into the living room via a removed door and four open windows. This arrangement provides the heat necessary to maintain a low night temperature of 60 and a daytime temperature averaging 75 -78. There are 2 three-tiered “floro carts” and a large four-tiered home-made wooden set of shelves situated along the windows that allow for variable distances of plants on the shelves from the lights. All of these are lighted by fluorescent fixtures containing 2 each of 4 foot daylight tubes for a total of 24 tubes. In addition, suspended from the ceiling, on either side of the fan, are one 1000 watt metal halide lamp and one 400 watt high pressure sodium lamp. All of these lights are controlled by timers and the use of these is documented in 2 previous articles in Fraterna by the author. (Volume 12 #3 and Volume 13 #2). The trays, (fiberglass flora cart trays) on the carts and shelves are kept filled with a one inch layer of damp perlite to help keep the humidity up and for its light reflective quality. I have about 150 different hoyas, many of which are in hanging baskets suspended from the 10 foot ceiling. This has posed a watering problem for me until this season. I solved the problem by installing an automatic ‘drip watering’ system. The sketch (fig. 1) shows how easy it is to install. The equipment needed to install this is available through Dripworks, 190 Sanhedrin Circle, Willets, CA 95490 at a very moderate cost. The drip emitters that I use deliver 1/2 gal/hour and I run them every three days for 3 minutes on each side of the room. This allows for a dry floor which keeps my wife happy. During the peak winter months, I use a 4 gallon evaporative humidifier daily in the room. This maintains a level of about 60% relative humidity in the room. This arrangement has been a most satisfactory and relatively inexpensive one for me and certainly so for a fragrant morning like today. 9 That gifted chronicler of scented plants, Louise Beebe Wilder, remarks in The Fragrant Path that fragrance “speaks more clearly to age than to youth. With the young it may not pass much beyond the olfactory nerve, but with those who have started down the far side of the hill it reaches into the heart. No other of the five senses is more subtle in its suggestions than the sense of smell or unmistakably reminiscent of a time and state in which one was something else and possibly better.” Vic Sencindiver 908 S. Beach Avenue Beach Haven, NJ 08008 j sencin@ worldnet . att . net 10 New Synonyms and Combinations By Dale Kloppenburg Hoya coriacea Blume. In Bijdragen tot de Flora von Nederlandsch Indie (1825) 1063. Synonym. Hoya angustisepala (Elmer) Burton. In The Hoyan 8/4, a-b (1987). Type Elmer #10829. {Hoya mindanaensis Elmer. In Leaflets of Philippine Botany 10 Art. 131 (1938) 3548, Name invalid.) 9/8/00 On visiting Ed Gilding at his home in Pearl City, Hawaii, I discovered that he felt this species was synonymous with Hoya angustisepala (Elmer) Burton. This later species was named H.mindorensis by A. E. D. Elmer (in English and so not valid). On my return to Fresno, California I examined a copy of the Type sheet #10829, Schlechter’s drawing, the original description also Sheet #43947 collected by M. Ramos and G. Edano in July-August 1924 at Tawitawi, Sulu Province, Philippines. It appears Ed Gilding is correct and 1 see only minor discrepancies in my data of Hoya coriaceae Blume collected by Ted Green in the Southern part of Palawan, Philippines. Hoya uncinata Teijsmann & Binnendijk. In Natuurkunndie Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 25 (1862-1863) 408. Synonym Hoya padangensis Schlechter. In Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 34/2 (1916)15. Typus R. Schlechter #15916. Discussion: The authors placed H. uncinata in (§ 3. Acanthostemma folia enervia Miq. FI. N. I. II .523) quoting Miquel (1856) 523. In my view this is incorrect since the Section Miquel designated as Section 3 is Section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel not Acanthostemma. Blume at that time had not designated a Section Acanthostemma, nor did he ever have a such a section. In addition I see nothing in this description to justify its being placed in this section. There is no mention of the bilobed outer extensions necessary for its placement in this section. Additionally no scale is given for the measurements. If the follicles are 12 cm. long then the leaves are .9 cm x 3.5 cm., which I suppose, is reasonable but that would be a very small leaf. Backer’s description in Flora of Java sheds no light on the species. In fact he says of the leaves “fleshy, glabrous (?)" which makes one wonder if he was looking at a specimen or the herbarium sheet and notes. Backer’s* key offers more detail and measurements but still no mention of a bilobed coronal scale. * It is believed by Dr. J, F. Veldkamp that this is the work of Bakh. f. Literature Citations: Bakhuizen v.d. Brink f. in Blumea 6 #2 (1950) 379. Backer & Bakhuizenv.d. Brink f. in Flora of Java 2(1965) 268. Passport to Hoya uncinata T & B. Kloppenburg l-12:May 2000. Herbarium sheet, probably non-existent. Hoya uncinata Tejsm, Malaya Java 1 862 11 Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker var. purpureofusca (Hooker) Kloppenburg, comb. nov. — Basionym: Hoya purpureofusca Hooker in Bot. Mag. t. 4520:1850 — Type: (In Botanical Magazine 1 850) tab. 4520. I decided to make this a variety (var.) instead of a subspecies (subsp.) because the foliage and growth habits are the same and there are only minor differences in the flower structure. The growth habit of both is lax with long internodes. Both have a tendency to drop one of a pair of leaves, leaving even more of the stem and internodes exposed. Leaves of both are palmately 3-5-veined. The only differences are slight: The keeled abaxial coronal scale surface of Hoya cinnamomifolia are a little more pronounced. Flower color is dramatically different. The anther wings on Hoya purpureofusca are more deeply curved and the pollinarium is slightly larger in most dimensions, otherwise similar. All the above are minor differences except for flower color which is not a good taxonomic trait. H. cinnamomifolia var. purpureofusca Corona bottom view enlarged about 8X. 12 Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Note: the keel on the dorsal surface is not as pronounced in Hoya cinnamomifolia var. purpureofusca on the right and the inner lobes are back further from the center. Side view of coronal scales enlarged about 8X. Note: the scythe shaped anther wing (light color) is much more prominent on Hoya cinnamomifolia. Angle of exposure on each is slightly different. Added notations: USDA 353449 = Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker USDA 353450 = Hoya purpureofusca Hooker Literature references for the above: Hoya cinnamomifolia: Hooker. FI. des Serres Ser. I. iv. t. 310:1848. Hoya pupureofusca Hooker: Paxt. FI. Card. 1 . 76: 1 850-1 851 . Hoya diversifolia Blume subsp. el-nidicus (Kloppenburg) Kloppenburg comb. nov. — Basionym Hoya el-nidicus Kloppenburg in Fratema 3:1. 1991. Type #41931 (CAHUP). El- nido Rest area, Palawan Island, Philippines. Hoya el-nidicus is different enough in the shape of the outer coronal lobes to be considered a subspecies. This subspecies is for me a much better blooming plant than Hoya diversifolia subsp. diversifolia. These plants prefer seashore locations in open spaces (gap plants), grow in bushes 13 and trees close to the sea or even on exposed rocky outcroppings at sea level. The retinaculum of Hoya diversifolia subsp. el-nidicus seems to be a little broader than that of Hoya diversifolia subsp. diversifolia. A drawing by Dr. Rintz of Hoya diversifolia Blume "The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya" in The Malayan Nature Journal 30 (1978) 3/4. Note: especially how the outer ends of the coronal lobes are entirely round. Top view of subsp. el-nidicus corona enlarged about 12X. Note the much more pointed outer apices of the lobes. Mir. S9. fil. bibtti li> flower 131 toi> Micw i cl in sWe ''lew: d') corima. (Op- cCNint, Ictwin R flovcr in mcdhli sEcrioa, gk ciMbnrpoll'inis Froi;! B livif^ pllflt- In reading the extensive literature on this species it is evident there are some variations in the species but this Palawan Island, Philippine species has very different coronal shape along with other more minor differences. It is here presented as a new subspecies. (The literature also contains some contradictory observations.) Eriostemma (Schlechter) Kloppenburg & Gilding genus nova. Type species Hoya coronaria Blume, in Bijdagen tot de Flora Nederlandsch Indie (Bijdr. 1825) 1063. Type description: C.L. Blume Hoya coronaria, Bl. H. folds aveniis ovalibus acutis margine recurvis coriaceis infra villosis, corollis glabris (Corona Ariadna, Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. t. 172). (1064). Crescit: in montainis et ad ripas circa Rompien. Floret: per totum annum Nomen: Aroy Kilampahan. Translation: Leaves veinless oval acute with margins recurved, leathery, beneath villose, corolla glabrous. (Corona Ariadna in Rumphia Herbarium Amboinensis 5.t 172). (1064). Growing: in mountains and frequently on the stream banks around Rompien. Flowers the entire year. Local name "Aroy Kilampahan" 14 THANK YOU! THANK YOU! A BIG THANK YOU TO ALL THE MEMBERS WHO SPONSORED THE COLOR PICTURES IN THIS ISSUE, WHICH WE ARE PROUD TO ACKNOWLEDGE BELOW. Cover picture: Frances Wilkes of San Diego, CA Page 4 Page 5 Page 7 Page 8 Page 12 Kazuko Benadom of Simi Valley, CA Shay Toner of Garland, TX Lee Miller of Washington, DC A San Diego Hoya Group member (anonymous). Milly Miniot of Eugene, OR We all thank you for your continued support of the color fund. Because of donations like the above we are able to defer the ever rising cost of the color pictures, and production of Fraterna. Should you wish to participate please see the information regarding the "Sponsor a Photo" program in the ad section of Fraterna. SAN DIEGO HOYA GROUP GETS NAME CHANGE The San Diego Hoya Group has now been existence for just about 12 years. We meet quarterly at the Quail Botanic Gardens in Encinitas, CA. We have between 50-75 members attend per meeting. We are quite a friendly group and enjoy the comaradie of the membership. Recently we decided to change the name of the group to try to diversify our interests into other groups of plants as well, and also to encourage new membership. Our members are quite varied in their plant interest, from hoyas, bonsai, cacti & succulents, to orchids, bulbs, bromeliads, etc. Because of this varied interest we have decided on a rather long name for our club: The San Diego Exotic Plant and Hoya Group. But we feel it describes our members' plant interests, and we hope it will encourage new members. Our next scheduled meeting is for Sunday, July 1, 2001. Members get together around noon, and the potluck usually begins thereafter. Our guest speaker for this meeting will be David Minks. Dave is the President of the Southern California Palm Society. He has recently returned from a World Palm Conference in New Caledonia, and will be sharing with us his slides and comments of this wonderful trip. Please join us if you happen to be visiting in the area. (For further information, you may want to contact our Chairperson, Harriette Schapiro at (858) 273-4267. 15 .)r, ''ir . 01 A ( >1 1, » It ' ■ .'.V ' A*,i' -'5£r . .; -■'■ ;'tli,lt''r»t|} ■ ■ 'I ' . •,’ :■ • ■' ‘ / i»ir>5!>J? ■V »* ,U„U.*!{ll”rtf ■ ■ ’’1 'it ' i.d i!i‘» .'ts^ Y !■» \i>':'' ;. ■■■■■., ’ ' ■ • ' ■■■'■/'' ' ■ } -■•Y I . ' '■■'■. fi"’ . .(•■ ■■ i ifi r ' .-•.. hh/.^r ■i • •’/ , '4)' ‘ , -'O-i' li‘ I'YlW . '*i*ia* "m;,;, |>«U’ ’,Sansevierias...l50 species <^Hoya Sk Dlschidia...l70 species ^Epiphyllums....l60 species <^Haworthia....l65 species <^Rebutia -Sulcorebutia - Lobivia....l50 species <$^Rhipsalis....60 species ^Stapeliacls....75 species Euphorbias - Caudiciforms - Gasterias - Aloes - Agaves - Opuntias - Jungle Cactus “ Exotic Foliage -- Winter hardy cactus Send for free catalog NOW !! Over 2y500 species listed in our 75 page catalog Web address: www.bobsmoleys.com 17 piWTERNA Volume 14 #2 Official Bulletin Of The INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Apr.-Jun. 2001 Hoya ariadna Decaisne K & G Photo by Ted Green library INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Administrative Office: 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Phone: (760) 758-4290 Fax: (760) 945-8934 E-Mail: RBGdns@aol.com A Non-Profit Organization Bulletin published quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www. inteniational-hoya.org 2001 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers And Editors I.H.A. Affdiates San Diego Exotic Pant and Hoya Group, San Diego, CA. Svenska Hoya Sdlskapet, Boridnge, Sweden Editorial Policy President Dr. Harriette Schapiro Vice President Chuck Everson Secretary/Treasurer Ann Wayman Editor Dale Kloppenburg Assistant Editor Edward Gilding & Web Administrator Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Rosemary Peterson Ted Green William J. Wayman Dr. Vic Sencindiver Jerry Williams Errors of fact may occur from time to time in "Fratema". It is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. Fraterna Fratema is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at: 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA 92084-3308. Correspondence Dr. Vic Sencindiver Secretary 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven, NJ. 08008 Round Robin: Rosemary Peterson 6262 E. Killdee St. Long Beach, CA. 90808 e-mail :rsmary940@aol.com Membership Sec’y/ Jerry Williams Slide Librarian: 1444 E. Taylor St Vista, CA 92084 Honorary Board Members Representing Europe: Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing S.W. U.S.: Mary Jo Gussett Representing Central Europe: Ruurd Van Donkelaar Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, the Board of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Editor's e-mail address: rdk03@cvip.net Our Cover Story: Genus Eriostemma (Schlechter) Kloppenburg & Gilding Eriostemma (Schlechter) Kloppenburg & Gilding genus nova. Type; Eriostemma coronaria, (species Hoya coronaria Blume), in Bijdagen tot de Flora Nederlandsch Indie (Bijdr. 1825) 1063. Type description: C. L. Blume. Hoya coronaria, Bl. H. foliis aveniis ovalibus acutis margine recurvis coriaceis infra villosis, corollis glabris {Corona Ariadna, Rumph. Herb. Amb. V. t. 172). (1064). Crescit: in montanis et ad ripas circa Rompien. Floret: per totum annum. Nomen: aroy Kilampahan. Translation: leaves veinless oval acute with margins recurved, leathery, beneath villose, corolla glabrous. {Corona Ariadna in Rumphia Herbarium Amboinensis 5. t 172). 1064. Growing: in the mountains and frequently on the stream banks around Rompien. Flowers the entire year. Local name “Aroy Kilampahan”. In establishing Section Eriostemma, Dr. Schlechter in Botanische Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 106 & 137 (translated from the German) as follows: Translated from the German 106: Section VII. Eriostemma, the stems and leaves with all surfaces (parts) covered with short soft hairs; in other respects its blooms possess marked sharp characteristics. The gynostegium stands upon a column, which goes down into the crown of the collar of the corolla that is covered with shaggy cottony hairs. The corona scales are comparatively short. The blooms are large or very large with a well-developed thickly hirsute calyx. Type species of the Section is H. coronaria Blume. Translated from 135: Section VII. Eriostemma Schlechter. I thought it best to present here this distinctive section Eriostemma. This section is so well and sharply different, that one could consider whether or not to regard it as a separate sub-genus. I have so far presented above briefly the main points, but now I wish to present them once again in more detail. In habit there is a strong similarity that can be found with EU-Hoya, but the branches are softer and more fleshy and consistently with more or less soft hairs. The peduncles are extraordinarily thick and soft textured, the calyx as with Pterostemma more strongly structured, and the large hairy blooms are likewise fleshy. The gynostegium with the corona scales stand upon a woolly matted column that is the outgrowth formed of the filaments, which are united with the corona tube. The pollinia are distinguished (marked) as opposed to the other Hoya species by means of the fact that the translators have undergone a strong development and exhibit a twist; also the retinaculum is rather large. The pollinia are more club shaped and moreover do not have the keel on the outer edge, characteristic of other Hoya sections. 1 For a long time now, we have been aware that the species in this section have very little in common with the Genus Hoya and so have made the decision to place it into the Genus statis. In addition to the differences noted by Dr. Schlechter above, the characters of the Genus Eriostemma (Schlechter) Kloppenburg and Gilding are as follows: Stems slightly fleshy, 3- 10mm thick. All parts exude milky sap when injured. Leaves and stems covered with pubescence except in a few species, in which case the plant possesses a notable covering of indumentum on young growth but becomes glabrous when mature. Stems and the upper leaf surface are of the same color. No noticeable red pigment in young vegetative shoots. Stems twining or prostrate, supple when young, later becoming lenticelate and finally with corky bark. Petiole always developed but short, l-5cm in length, round in cross section or nearly so without a channel on the upper surface. Leaves fleshy, 2-5mm thick, succulent, opposite in whorls. Leaves faintly glanduliferus on upper leaf surface where it is attached to the petiole. Leaf shape obvate, oblong, or elliptic, but always apiculate at the apex with recurved margins. Nerves always pinnate, sometimes not visible in fresh state. Inflorescence consists of a short peduncle that is of the same thickness and texture of the stem, the end developed into an extremely compressed panicle. Peduncles are either persistent, flowering numerous times or deciduous and flowering only once. Flowers are produced in clusters from the end of the peduncle in numbers from one to twenty but with a mean of six. Pedicels range from 2- 15cm in length, thick and supple occasionally pubescent. Calyx of five large lobes usually spathulate, adnate to corolla. Corolla always valvate, thick and rigid. Inside of corolla is ceraseous, being glabrous to densely villose. Lobes of the corolla short to elongate. Corolla lobe posture variable between species from recurved to flat or incurved. Tube short or non-existent, when present it is patellate to cupulate. Base of corolla beneath corona is unique, abruptly cupulate and adnate with column of corona, sericeous in all species. The corona column is also sheathed with corolla tissue that is densely sericeous in all species. Color of corolla ranges from white to green-yellow or orange to deep dull red-brown. The structure forms a deep inverted annulus from which nectar is produced. Corona lobes simple inornate, inner (central) lobe acute and laterally flattened. Outer lobe broad also inornate erect to flat but always broadly obtuse. Usually yellow or yellow with red areas, rarely all white. Pollinaria have rhomboidal retinaculum, with the unique character of twisted translator arms, pollinia always flask- Tike in shape without obvious pellucid edge, frequently found in Hoya Brown follicles large, elongate to 35cm and thick in cross-section to 5cm. Outside pubescent or glaucous, mamillate at apex. Unique character of well developed spongiform mesocarp. Seed number 250 to 450 per follicle, freshly ochre-white in color but becoming dull green-blue with age, comate. Specialized terminology to deseribe structures of Eriostemma: Exterior Corolla — Corolla tissue that is on the outside of the bloom. Inner Corolla — Corolla tissue which folded upon itself to form an deep indented annulus. Operculum — The edge around the base of the visible corona, made of corolla tissue. Outer Corolla — The portion of the corolla that is not folded upon itself and is generally visible from above. Note that this is different from the Exterior Corolla. 2 ANATOMICAL FEATURES ERIOSTEMMA CHARACTERS HOYA CHARACTERS Habit Usually terrestrial. Almost never terrestrial, epiphytic. Stems and Petioles Mostly pubescent, usually green in color, young shoots never with high anthocyanin content. Occasionally pubescent, often aging to brown-tan, young shoots often with high anthocyanin content. Leaves Never flecked, always green with pinnate veins and thick in texture. Occasionally flecked, either palmate or pinnate veins and sometimes thin textured. Peduncles Of equal thickness to adjoining stem. Usually short and blunt. Variable thickness, variable length between species. Generally more slender than those of Eriostemma. Pedicels Of equitable length to peduncle and to other pedicels. Of variable length. Calyx Leaflets thick and imbricate at the base, ovate to rotund without acuminate apices Often elongate with acuminate apices. Corolla Distinctively structured Inner corolla that is folded upon itself into an inverted annulus, very woolly inside near base of corona. Whole of corolla large and thick textured. Corolla near corona base rarely woolly. Very rarely with annulus, when present annulus is shallow or extroverted. Corolla often thick textured. Corona Simple inner corona lobe consisting of a laterally flattened tooth-like structure adnate with staminal head. Never erect. Outer corona not hollow, without open channel on underside. Inner corona of variable shape, sometimes erect. Often hollow with open channel on underside. Pollinaria Translator arms very twisted. Translator arms variable but never twisted to the degree as those in Eriostemma, Pollinia Flask-shaped without obvious pellucid edge. Variable in shape often with a visible pellucid edge. Fruit Mesocarp inflated and filled with spongy material. Seeds mature to dull green-blue. Mesocarp adnate to endocarp. Seeds mature dark-brown to white in color, never dull green-blue. 3 Eriostemma Species Eriostemma affinis (Hemsley) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Comins 57. In Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (1892) 126-127. Eriostemma ariadna (Decaisne) Klopp. & Gilding. Type ? In Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 (1844) 635. Eriostemma ciliata (Elmer ex Burton) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Elmer 11072 (A). In The Hoyan 9(4) (1988) i. Eriostemma coronaria (Blume) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: t. 1063 in Bijdragen tot de Flora Nederlandsch Indie (Bijdr. 1825). Eriostemma gigas (Schlechter) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Schlechter 19289. (B) In Botanische Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 136. Eriostemma guppy/ (Hemsley) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Guppy 188. In leones Plantarum 23 (1892) 2247. Eriostemma hollrungii {\Narburg) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Hollrung 661. In Repertorium Specierum novarum 3 (1907) 342. Eriostemma lauterbachii (Schumann) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Lauterbach 930 (B). In Dictionary of Gardening 1 (1885). Eriostemma lutea (Kostel.) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: 1083. In Algem. Med.-Pharm. FI. 3:1834. Eriostemma madulidii (Kloppenburg) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Bolster 357. In Fraterna 3 (1990) IV. Eriostemma noeguinensis (Engler) Klopp. & Gilding. Type ?. In Botanische Jahrbucher 7 (1886) 471. Eriostemma peekelii (Markgraf) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Peekel 1047. In Notizbiatt des Botanischen und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlen 10:119-110: 1927. Eriostemma pulgarensis (Elmer) Klopp. & Gilding. Type Elmer 12985. In Leaflets of Philippine Botany 10:3588-3590:1938-39. Eriostemma purpurea (Blume) Klopp. & Gilding. Type t. 182. In Rumphia 4:31-32:1848. Eriostemma velutina (Wight) Klopp. & Gilding. Type: Wall 39. In Contributions to the Botany of India t. 8150:35-36:1834. 4 ABSOLMSIA SPARTIODES - AN UPDATE Some years ago (Fratema)*, I wrote about a weird Hoya-re!ative from Borneo, Absolmsia spartiodes. The Whisk Broom plant. This is the one that I thought might be a parasite - because of the way that it grows in a crack in the bark of a host tree but actually the ant-infested roots are hidden within the hollow tree trunk. After having it in my collection for some time, I have been able to add a few things about it that might be interesting. (1) The leaves on my original collection aborted just after they got to any size for they weren’t needed — the photosynthesis being carried on by the long, persistent, green peduncles. A healthy plant under fertilization wilt keep its leaves, with a new burst of growth just after the fertilizer is applied. (2) I never saw the flowers on my original plant, only the buds. Torill Nyhuus, of Sweden, found out why. She, being a computer fiend and night owl, found out that buds open only at night and then for only about 6 hours. The buds of my plant opened at night when I was asleep, so I saw only unopened buds in the evening and then spent buds in the morning. I followed her advice and was able to see the pretty, fragrant, yellow flowers- about 10 PM at night. (3) Since I thought that it was a parasite, I collected my original plant with a 4” piece of the tree attached. I have found out that it does not need the host and cuttings will grow well in a well- draining pot — so that the roots do not remain wet. Mine is hanging Ifom a post in the greenhouse and it is impossible for it to stay damp. See picture. (4) I collected my Absolmsia in Sipitang, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, quite close to the coast. When I went back some years later, the whole area had been cleared of trees and brush and there were houses on the spot. A bit farther north we found a few plants in small trees that were completely covered with dust — from the logging tracks that passed close by on their way to the nearby SFl pulp-mill. I think that this rare plant is doomed in this situation and area and its only salvation might be in its growing farther south (nearer to the Brunei border or 50 miles north). If the material that I have starting in the lab is successful I would like to go back and plant it out in those 2 areas. Project no. 80001 This is an interesting hoya-relative but very rare and one that should be tried only by the discerning grower. I suggest one that is a night owl. Ted Green * Fratema 4/ 3-4 (1993) with plant drawing. Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 5 This is a photo by Torill Nyhuus (see following article) of one of the plants we collected at Sipitang, Sdabah, Eastern Malaysia in 1997. The roots growing internally. This plant is growing from holes in small sapling tree trunks with roots developed in the pithy interior. Here the tree trunk has been sliced to show the growth characteristics. I think we all feel this species is close to extinction. The Genus is recorded from Southern China but no species was listed not any other data, (this needs follow up). Absolmsia spartiodes Kuntz by Torill Nyhuus An odd plant for an odd plant collector, odd plant because it consists of a big broom of peduncles and few or mostly no leaves and odd plant collector because the flowers are open only a few hours during the night I want to show some pictures of another rare plant that is not a hoya, but closely related. It has been presented in Fratema years ago, but without flowers (see above and page 7 & 8). This plant was collected in Sipitang, Sabah, Borneo 1997. It grows only on certain trees with the roots inside a hole in the stem, but it is not a parasite even if it looks like one. Around the root is an ant’s nest. When we went back to Borneo 1998, locals told us that the forests around Sipitang were badly damaged by the fires earlier that year, and that maybe the area where we found this species was disturbed. This genus has only been found in Sipitang and in a place in south China. 6 I got a cutting with 4 peduncles and a part of the root, but no leaves. First thing I did when I got home was to take a walk in a forest nearby to look for an anthill. It was the last week of March and the temperatures were around the freezing point, so the Swedish ants were asleep- deep down in their home. I took a cup or two of the substance their home was built from and brought it home. I mixed it with my normal hoya soil mix. I thought that would make the plant feel more “at home”. The plant started to grow and in little more than two years it had around 40 peduncles, two new branches and two leaves. I asked Ted Green several times about the flowers, but he told me that even if he had seen flower buds on his plant, he had never seen the flowers open. So when my plant got buds on 8 - 10 peduncles last summer, I went into the room where the plant hangs almost every hour not to miss any step of the development. Finally, one night around 1 1 p.m., I saw the first open umbel with six flowers. They are orange with a white corolla, about 1 cm. across. They look just like hoya flowers. I immediately took the flower to the anthill in the forest. I let the ants crawl all over the plant for about thirty minutes to pollinate the flower, just hoping that none of my neighbors would see me. Next morning when I woke up they were closed again. To my disappointment the pollination was unsuccessful. It has bloomed from many peduncles since then, and there are always six flowers in an umbel. I have been a little scared to try to make cuttings, but last summer when it developed the third branch, I dared to try. The first one died within a week, but the second time I had more luck, and could make my friend Eva-Karin Wiberg happy too, as her plant went to heaven the year before. A picture of the flower taken by the author, Torill Nyhuus, at her home in Sweden. 7 Absolmsia spartiodes Photo of a plant of this species taken by Torill Nyhuus. A beautiful living wall decoration. Change of Genus: By: Dale Kloppenburg In taking photomicrographs of the flowers of this species that are shown on pages 9 & 10 with measurements, I determined that the reproductive parts of this species do not vary enough from the Genus Hoya for it to be placed into a separate genus. Consequently I hereby place this species in the Genus hoya. Type Absolmsia spartioides (Benth.) Kuntz {Astrostemma spartioides Benth.) Citation: Absolmsia Kuntz, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:417. Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg. The reduced foliage (many times absent) and its prodigious production of green (chlorophyll) peduncles set this species apart as a fringe member of the genus. There is nothing unusual about its corolla or corona that would differentiate it from Hoya. Its pollinarium is very close in structure to that of Hoya mindorensis Schlechter and Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg. See photos in "Hoya Pollinaria a Photographic study" 1996:181. Barbara Ertter at the University of California, Jepson Herbarium, was kind enough to copy and send to me the pertinent data from Otto Kuntze Revisio Genera Plantarum part II 1891:417-418 and the data on George Benthom’s plate 1311 and the type description of Astrostemma spartioides from Hooker’s leones Plantarum 1880-1882 IV:7-8. 8 This species was first placed in a genus Astrostelma by Bentham and named spartioides as a single species genus. Dr. Otto Kuntz in 1891 made a lengthy revision of approximately 30,000 names of plants based on his strict adherence to the 1867 Paris Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This work was ""Revisio generum plantarum”. Needless to say this upset a majority of plant taxonomists who preferred the starting date for generic names not be changed from 1753 to the earlier date insisted upon by Otto Kuntz of 1737. The genus name Absolmsia was given by Kuntz to honor Professor H. Graf of Solms-Laubach in Strassburg, Germany. Kuntz was extremely critical of such works as Durand’s Index genera plantarum, Prfeiffer’s Nomenclature botanicus, Bentham and Hooker’s Genera plantarum. Pritzel’s Thesaurus literaturae botanicae, and Jackson’s Index Kewensis. Bentham in his type description of Astrostemma spartioides mentions two collections of this species: Motley’s from Bangarmassing, Borneo and Burbidge’s from Northern Borneo. No herbarium numbers were presented but I assume if they exist they would be in the Kew herbarium (K). We also have Bentham’s drawing (by A. M. C del.) plate #1311. Bentham states, as we know, “common in holes of trees, looking as if it were truly parasitical, but the roots only line the holes. Photomicrographs of the flowers of this species follow: (flowers via Torill Nyhuus). Inside view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Inside and outside surfaces are both glabrous. The margins are thick and rough with central thickening around the collar area. Center puckered and thickened. Color inside is mostly yellow with some bronzing at the corolla apices. Outside is mahogany. Sinus to sinus 0.44 cm Sinus to apex 0.40 cm Sinus to center 0.38 cm Apex to center 0.60 cm widest 0.45 cm Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corona outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Corolla is somewhat cupped. Inner lobes reach the center. 9 Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Edges are turned under but do not appear to be distinctly grooved or channeled. Top view of the corona enlarged 8X. The corona is flat on top, inner lobe reach the center. There are two ridges down the top, flanking a wide central low keel. Inner lobe is spatulate, outer lobe apex narrowing to a sub-acute angle and is emarginate. Apex to apex 0.29 cm. Apex to center 0.29 cm. widest 0.15 cm. column 0.07 cm. Ret.- ret. 0.10 cm. Aw. -aw. 0.20 cm. Ret head- aw. 0.10 cm. Ret. head-center 0.09 cm. Pollinarium enlarged about 165X. The pollinia here are broad and short with pellucid outer edges and a cellular vacuole inward. The retinacula and pollinia are very similar to Hoya mindoremis Schlechter. Here the caudicles structurally visible. are better formed, more Pollinia length 0.36 mm. widest 0.23 mm. Translator length 0.10 mm. depth 0.03 mm. ca. width 0.03 mm. ca. Caudicles bulb diam. 0.09mm. with distinct tail. Retinaculum length 0.25 mm. width 0.25 mm. The retinaculum is nearly round with two raised sections on the upper outer edge, with the center rather open. Translators and caudicles attached about the middle, lower apex formed into a half crescent . 10 HOYA KLOPPENBURGII Green, Sp. Nova (Asclepiadaceae) Latin: Affinis Hoyae hypolasiae sed folia limbis et flora cum instita omatis subcoronis differens. English: Closely allied to Hoya hypolasia but differs in leaf edge and the flower with an ornate skirt under the corona . Type: From living collection of Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, TG 97057, from Nabawan, Sabah, Malaysia, on the under-story small trees and bushes. BISH. A rigid, wiry, moderately robust vine, rooting along stems, with hard, opposite, lanceolate leaves, matte, dark green upper surface with occasional flecking, erose, heavy, thickened edge to blade, underside dull purple with 2-4 mm green edge, 10-21 cm long and 4-5 cm wide, apex acute base cuneate. Pinnately veined, with secondary veins at 45 - 60 degrees to midvein, nearly obscure. Petiole curved, 0.7 cm long and 0.4 cm in diameter. Calyx 0.5cm in diameter, glabrous. Peduncle persistent, bearing a geotrophic, slightly concave umbel of 10 to 15 yellow-gold flowers. Sap milky white. Follicle not seen. Pleasant fragrance. Flower dimensions of clone: Corolla, 2 cm in diameter, glabrous top surface, pubescent bottom surface Corona, 1 cm in diameter with fluted skirt beneath. Coronal, lobe, ovate, 2 mm. x 4 mm. Pedicel, 0.12 in diameter x 2.5 cm long. Calyx, 0.5 in diameter, glabrous. Pollinia, 6.6 mm x 2.3 mm Etymology: This handsome hoya is named after Dale Kloppenburg, of Fresno, California, a life- time friend and researcher of the genus Hoya. Conservation: Presently under propagation and being distributed worldwide. Its distribution in Sabah is not known and with the extensive timber harvesting, clearing and reforestation, it might Be in danger of near extinction Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 11 General growth representation Typical umbel Flower umbel, tipped up for better display 12 HOYA KLOPPENBURGII Green A species collected at Tenom Orchid Center, Sabah, Malaysia. Originally collected at Rundum at 3,000 ft. elevation. A rigid, wiry plant with opposite leaves, ovate-elliptic to obtuse, dull dark green upper surface with fine silvering on the somewhat lacunose surface, edges curve under slightly, edges ragged and often thickened, underside also dull with purplish blush to irregular blotching, concave with midrib enclosed. Blade 10 cm. long and 5-6 cm. broad, apex acute base usually obtuse. Petiole curved, becoming corky with age, round but flattened on top, 1.7 cm. long and 0.6 cm in diameter. Stems with adventitious rootlets, new growth purplish, becoming corky; internodes 5-15 cm. long, 0.5 cm. ± in diameter; nodes enlarged. Photomicrographs of flowers sent to the editor (Dale Kloppenburg) by Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii in Oct. 2000. Ted's collection number 97057. Views of the calyx, ovaries and pedicel. The pedicel is glabrous, curved, terete and pinkish purple in color, rather short thick, 2.5 cm. long and 0.12 cm. in diameter. Calyx flares backwards, is 0.48 cm. in diameter, reaches only 1/3 the way to the corolla sinuses, glabrous; sepals 0.19 cm. long and 0.09 cm. widest, small ligules present. Ovaries are narrow and long tapering to an acute apex. 0.20 cm. tall base of pair is 0.09 cm. wide. Photo of outside (left) and inside (right) corolla surfaces enlarged about 8X. Outer surface is glabrous, inside pubescent except glabrous under the corona, apex with diminished hairs or glabrous. The corolla is tightly revolute. 13 View of the calyx attached to the back (outside) of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The seals are short and do not even reach 1/2 way to the corolla sinuses. Corolla tightly revolute, glabrous outside and finely pubescent inside, except under the corona. Corolla lobe flattened, inside surface enlarged about 8X. The apex is acute and the lobe broad in the middle. The corolla is cut more than 1/2 way. Sinus to sinus 0.55 cm. Sinus to center 0.45 cm. Center to apex 0.96 cm. flattened Apex to sinus 0.60 cm. Widest 0.57 cm. Bottom (left) and top (right) view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are bifid and the undersides are a fluted skirt attached to the base of the central column. This is a very unusual formation that yields an inflated hollow below each coronal lobe. The inner lobe does not quite reach the center and is 14 slightly dentate; dorsal surface is rounded, convex. View of the corona still attached to the corolla enlarged about 8X. Note the pubescent inner corolla surface and that the coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinus even though it is deeply lobed. The inner lobes are raised, the dorsal surface is rounded and broad just out from the inner apices; narrowing slightly toward the outer rounded apex. There are bilobes with their undersides modified into a skirt. Center apex to outer apex 0.30 cm. Center to outer lobe end 0.40 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.17 cm. (narrow) Retinaculum to rt. 0.12 cm. Ret. to center 0.12 cm. Side view of the crown enlarged about 8X. The outer end of the lobe where two bilobes meet are there fused into a vertical column forming one side of a cupped hollow bulb under each coronal scale. The material at the base of the fused column extends in to the central column where it is attached to this structure. The column is tall. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X, The inner angle and anther are to the upper left, then the sloping back of the scale (dorsal surface) ending in a fused bi-lobe which extends dovmward (right edge) and curves inward to connect to the long column, thus forming a cupped hollow pocket under the scale. Bottom-end view of a scale enlarged about 8X showing the curved under edges of the scale forming the lower groove but also this is fused to the bilobed extensions forming the hollow cup (lower central) and its extensions (lower left and right) extending and attaching to the lower end of the column. The flowers are yellow-orange with pink-purplish pedicels. 15 A view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X, looking from the center of the crown outward. Above is the rounded scale, just below the top in the center would be the inner lobe and below this the anther. On the left side is the shelf of the bilobed extension along the scale side extending away in this view toward the outer lobe; on this inner end this extends down along the sides of the long column (here only about 1/5 shown as a cupped light colored column). When the extensions of the scale reach the base of the column it flares outward (right and left base), the cupped hollowing is seen on the lower left side. Opposite this column would be the groove formed by the curved sides of the scale. The scale surface is very finely sulcate. Pollinarium enlarged about 122X. The pollinia are long, here turned edgewise; with a pellucid edge beginning at the outer apex and extending down the side nearly to the inner end accompanied inwardly by a vacuole (neither visible here). The bulbous clear caudicles are compressed somewhat and supported by massive fairly wide and deep translators both of which enter the relatively small retinaculum well down on this structure. The retinaculum has a rounded head and the bifid extensions are flared at their outer ends. Pollinia Caudieles Translators Retinaculum 0.66 mm. long; 0.23 mm. widest, ca. 0.06 mm. diam. drumstick like, extended 0.15 mm. 0.07 mm. in depth 0.03 mm wide, ca. 0.25 mm. long including extensions. 16 ! ^OYA PHOTO GALLEJi^ Hoya tsangii Burton Glabrous narrow leaved hoya from the Philippines. Often. confused with Other species. Very easy to grow and flower. Hoya finlaysonii wright Comes from Malaya, found in 1834. WowfDistinctive leaves-worth growing for the foliage alone. Hoya linearis Wallich Narrow, lanceolate 'stringbean-type' hoya. Dangling plant-- not a climber. From the mountains of western India. Likes growing in cool conditions. Hoya australis variegated-^mvm Beautiful variegated form, easy to grow but not easy to flower. ) Photos by Ann Wayman ■"%1 l; /*»♦ ! , .•1,1. > I. ' f'l • :i ' ".11 i , ( I ‘Epiphyllums....l60 species ^Haworthia....l65 species ^Rebutia -Sulcorebutia ~ Lobivia....l50 species <$>Rhipsalis....60 species <^5tapeliacls....75 species Euphorbias - Caudiciforms - Gasterias - Aloes - Agaves ~ Opuntias - Jungle Cactus - Exotic Foliage -- Winter hardy cactus Send for free catalog NOW 1! Over 2,500 species listed in our 75 page catalog Web address: www.bobsnioIeys.com pilATERNA Official Bulletin Of The Volume 14 #3 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Jul.-Sept. 2001 Hoya meliflua Blanco ex (Merrill) Photo by Ann Wayman LU'D.'.the'' T LIBPAf verts S£P""5'20QI YCW.-'tN BOTANICAL C'A.RTJnT INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Administrative Office; 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Phone; (760) 758-4290 Fax; (760) 945-8934 E-Mail; RBGdns@aol.com A Non-Profit Organization Bulletin published quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page; www. international-hoya.oi^ 2001 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers And Editors I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Exotic Pant and Hoya Group, San Diego, CA. Svenska Hoya SSIskapet, Boriange, Sweden Editorial Policy Dr. Harriette Chuck Everson Ann Wayman Dale Kloppenburg Edward Gilding & Web Administrator Errors of fact may occur from time to time in "Fratema". It is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. Fraterna President Schapiro Vice President Secretary/T reasurer Editor Assistant Editor Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Ted Green Dr. Vic Sencindiver Correspondence Secretary Round Robin: Rosemary Peterson WilliamJ. Wayman Jerry Williams Dr. Vic Sencindiver 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven, NJ. 08008 Rosemary Peterson 6262 E. Killdee St. Long Beach, CA. 90808 mail : rsmary940@aol.com Membership Sec’y. Jerry Williams Slide Librarian: 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA. 92084 e-mail; rbgdns@aol.com Honorary Board Members Fratema is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at; 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA. 92084-3308. Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, the Board of Directors, or its officers. Ail articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Representing Europe; Eva-Karin Wiberg Editor's e-mail address: rdk03@cvip.net Representing S.W. U.S.; Mary Jo Gussett Representing Central Europe; Ruurd Van Donkelaar Our Feature Story: Hybridizing Hoyas and Eriostemmas By Edward Gilding What exactly is a hybrid? Why hybridize? When can one apply the term ‘hybrid’ to a plant? As it turns out, there are many reasons to hybridize and some reasons not to. The term ‘hybrid’ has broader implications than its’ colloquial use may indicate. It is the aim of this article to explain a bit about the actualities of hybridization and feature a few real-world examples. Of course we’ve all heard the term ‘hybrid’ applied to many plants, a few animals, and even cars. As it turns out, the term is used to describe the outcome of mixing two different types. If plant A is crossed with plant B then the result is a hybrid plant, which will have qualities of both parents. It is a general consensus that if both parent plants are different varieties of the same species the offspring will still be hybrids. We are all hybrid progeny of our parents, regardless of their background. Just as brothers and sisters are different from each other, so are hybrid plants. Some will seem to resemble one of the parents more than the other in some cases, or they may fall in an intermediate range for many traits. Therefore, the term hybrid is not always a cross between plants of different species. It is imperative to keep records and to note the parentage of plants, particularly when it comes to collector items like Hoya species. So why bother with learning to hybridize plants? As it turns out, the big advantage is the introduction of genetic variation. For instance, if there was a clone of H. vitellina that seemed to produce more leaves per meter of vine than other clones, but it lacked the dramatic coloring of other clones, one could try crossing that clone with other more colorful clones of H. vitellina. The resultant hybrid seedlings would have some traits from both parents. Perhaps one of these seedlings would be more desirable than either parent. The first generation after a hybrid cross is made will have rather consistent results. In other words, many of the seedlings would appear to be identical to each other. This first generation is called the Fi generation. If these seedlings are grown to maturity and then two of them are crossed together, they will create a second generation hybrid noted as Fa. As one can see, this pattern of F-generations can go on forever. It is in the F2 generation that interesting things begin to happen. In a F2 cross one will begin to notice extremes and that some of the seedlings seem to be identical to one of the original parents. However, these seedlings will also show a few key traits found in the opposite parent. One of the F2 plants will probably look exactly like that desirable clone of H. vitellina with many leaves closely set on the vine while having the dramatic coloring of the other parent. This is why hybridization is so important in agriculture and horticulture. It allows the transfer of one or few extremely desirable traits to an existing crop while not changing the original crop much. Many of us growers have asked ourselves “what if there was a Hoya that... .“. Why not try and hybridize your dream plant? Of course, there is a catch. It takes patience, time, and dedication. It requires record keeping and the tricky act of hand pollinating Hoya flowers. The act of hand pollination has been explained in a previous article, this article deals with the realities of the record keeping and the implications of resulting seedlings. Keeping records is rather straight forward as long as one keeps a detailed record of parents used, dates of events like pollination dates and harvest dates, as well as notes regarding 1 seedling rearing practices and the like helps to build a valuable database for future reference. All that is required is a notebook, some vinyl labels and a pencil. Simply write notes regarding the cross in your notebook and attach the label to the peduncle with the related information. It is easier to assign each cross an arbitrary number that allows the use of that number in place of long-winded names and statistics on labels and such. Just be sure to devise a code system and stick with it, and keep track of the numbers. So let us assume we had our first batch of seedlings, and we wanted to select the fastest growing, most robust seedling of the bunch. . . how would we do this? First of all be sure that all the seedlings were grown under identical conditions, a seedling in the shade may look bigger than one grown with more light. You must evaluate your plants for traits that you desire. It cannot be overstated that conditions should be as identical as possible, and any perceptible difference in appearance of hybrid seedlings should be treated objectively. Perhaps the plant closest to the water hose is fuller and a bit more lush than its thirsty sibling at the far end of the bench. Take these small facts into account when deciding the desirability of some of these plants. The most valuable time spent in ones collection is when we observe. We must observe everything, when plants grow, when and where do they flower best. If we don’t take the time to notice the subtle changes that affect our plants we might never hit on the idea that maybe we ought to change our mix to have better drainage or that we should try our best to increase the humidity. Each species in our collection is an experiment in the process of being conducted. Write these observations in your notebook. Perhaps one of your future parents has a quirky character that you would like to transfer to hybrid offspring. The following are some observations I have personally made regarding my experiments with Hoya hybridization. My first cross is between Eriostemma ‘MM’ which is a hybrid {E. sp. ‘Gold Star ’ x E. sp. IPPS X-IO) and the species known as Eriostemma ariadna. E. ‘Mlvi ’ has lemon yellow flowers and is a very floriferous vine, blooming year round beginning at a small size. Also important are the posture of the E. ‘MM’ flowers. They are held horizontally from the vine allowing for their viewing without being propped up or moving the vine. The drawbacks of E. 'MM’ are the few number of flowers that are open in an umbel at any given time. Keep in mind that E. ‘MM’ has the species known as ‘Gold Star’ in its makeup. It is worth mentioning that the flowers of that plant are impressively large. E. ariadna on the other had has umbels with up to ten large red-orange flowers that open simultaneously. E. ariadna doesn’t flower all year round, but has seasonal spurts of flowering on large sprawling plants. It also has deciduous peduncles that never rebloom. Why not get the best of both worlds? The resulting seedlings were selected on the basis of vigor before they reached flower size. This was necessary due to lack of space. The sixteen remaining seedlings bloomed about two years after sowing. The first to bloom proved to also be the most floriferous and was later named after my grandmother as E. ‘Ruthie ’. Other seedlings have flowered, but because E. ‘MM’ is a hybrid, this is a F2 cross with much genetic variation. More appropriately, this cross could be expressed as {E. sp. ‘Gold Star ’ x E. sp. IPPS X- 10) X ariadna). This means there are three species in the background of E. ‘Ruthie’ and its’ siblings. Some of the seedlings of this cross are very different in color, number of blooms and size of flowers. One plant has very large flowers that are larger than both E. ‘MM’ and E. ariadna. There is always a drawback however, as this vine only produces one flower per umbel and only blooms seasonally. Why is the bloom of that plant so large? Simple, remember the background of E. ‘MM’ as discussed above? The genes that controlled flower size in E. sp. ‘Gold 2 Star’ have been expressed in two generations from that parent. That is what makes the F2 generation so interesting. Hoya hybridization is still a matter of unknowns, why not see what you can pull out of it? Above: Here are the offspring of Eriostemma ‘MM’ x ariadna. Eriostemma ‘MM’ in the lower left comer of this photograph is itself a hybrid, with the variation being evident in the three examples of its’ progeny. These are unnamed seedlings, the cultivar ‘Ruthie ’ is not included in this photograph. The three seedlings pictured here have different coloring, bloom and leaf shapes. Below: Although none of these have been named yet, the cross of E. ciliata x ariadna shows much promise for producing many medium-large flowers. The goal of my program is to produce floriferous vines that have long lasting flowers for their use in lei. The umbel in the lower left of this photograph is particularly beautiful because it has a much more uniform shape and coloring with an almost pure yellow corona. Notice the color of the two other seedlings seems to be fading in some blooms. Also notice the wide variation in coloring but little difference in bloom shape. 3 Picture of Eriostemma x ‘Ruthie ’ by Lup San, Singapore 4 SULAWESI TENGAH 1994 UPDATE Paul Shirley Julianastraat 16, 2771 DX Boskoop, The Netherlands. * Reprinted here by permission of Asklepios 81 (2000) pages 20-24 and the author. It is now six years since Hoya and Dischidia material was collected from Sulawesi and brought back to the Netherlands (see Asklepios 66). In the years since the trip, quite a few of the plants have been brought into flower and the flowers preserved in alcohol. A few species have been collected several times over as it was not always apparent from the leaves whether we were dealing with the same or with a different species. Of the 75 species collected, 46 are still alive-^-not all of them in my private collection — and some have been named. 8830 8831 8832 8833 8834 8836 8837 8838 8839 8840 8841 8842 8843 8844 8845 8846 8847 8848 8850 8851 8852 8854 8856 8860 8861 8863 8864 8865 8866 8867 8869 8870 8871 8872 8873 8875 8877 8880 8891 8884 8896 8897 8898 8900 8902 8904 Table 1 : showing the numbers of the species collected which are still alive. The cultivation of these plants has presented few problems. Most are easy to grow, possibly with the exception of Hoya imbricata. They all require normal hoya conditions of 1 5 — 20°C. and a fair amount of shade in the summer. A number of species show nice leaf coloration when exposed to the sun. A reasonable humidity is required although most species from Sulawesi can withstand dry periods. Usually, I water three times a week, feeding every time with 20.20.20 fertilizer and an E.C. of .50 (roughly % gram per litre). Below I have described some of my findings with species that have flowered. Some have been named, but others still need to be determined. GPS 8830: One of the last species to flower for me that I have included here. It was collected at Salopa near the Sulewana rapids. GPS 8836: Hoya incurvula. A very common species on Sulawesi and one we collected a number of times. The flowers can vary in color, but it is always free-flowering. This species is easy to grow and ideal for a hanging ,pot. Plants were collected at Tentena, Salopa, Balasika and seen in various other locations although not collected there. GPS 8838: Hoya imbricata. A real jewel that is not so easy to find because it is well camouflaged against the trunks and branches on which it grows. It has concave round leaves that are pressed against the trees. It usually lives in symbiosis with ants. So far, my 5 attempts to grow this plant have been mixed. It failed to take in the tissue culture, but I have had some success in growing them on rock wool. We found plants at Tonosu, between Tentena and Kolonodale, and at Pendolo. GPS 8840 and 8842: A very unusual Hoya species, because the flower buds hang downwards — as in many hoyas — but just before they open, they turn upright to flower. The photographs show the color variation. This species was collected at Tonosu, Balasika and at Bancea. GPS 8843: Dischidia sp. This lovely species was collected at Tonosu. It has a heart-shaped leaf similar to Hoya kerrii and a light-green leaf with a darker margin. The flowers are in clusters of about ten and are yellow. Until it flowered, we thought it was a hoya, but it is possibly a new species of Dischidia. GPS 8844: Hoya dolichosparta. Two lots were collected from this species, 8844 and 8831 at Tonosu and Tentena respectively. They have reasonably large leaves, not unlike Hoya glabra and can be grown hanging down or climbing upwards. GPS 8845: Hoya camphorifolia. A loosely formed hanging plant which will climb if given the chance, very free-flowering, but the flowers only last one or two days. Figure 9 shows a seed-pod that has formed in my greenhouse and is very inconspicuous. The seed parachutes are more noticeable (see fig. 10). Various cuttings were collected at Tonosu, Balasika and at the Ranu river. GPS 8848: Dischidia hirsuta. This is also a species which was fairly common in Sulawesi and we have seen it in flower in the wild. The flowers are very small and inconspicuous. We found these plants at Sulewana, Tonosu and at the Ranu river. GPS 8860: This beautiful free-flowering species was collected between Tentena and Kolonodale, growing in a tree that was covered in hoyas, but it proved difficult to collect. One of the first to flower in cultivation, it makes a nice hanging plant with its pink flowers against the green background. GPS 8864: This could be a Hoya incurvula, but then a small-flowering form. It is not as free- flowering as GPS 8831. It was collected from the Ranu river. GPS 8866: Hoya australis. The main features of this species are that it is a good winter flowering sort and is nicely scented. It is one of the species we collected at Balasika. GPS 8875.- This species was found when attempting to get to the Bada valley. We found it at Tineba. It is a large-leaved hanging species which must be quite large before the yellow flowers appear in the spring. GPS 8891: Eriostemma {Hoya sussuella.) This is one of the large-flowering species that can be found on Sulawesi. It was in flower when we collected it, which makes it a lot easier to find. It is not so easy to flower in cultivation, but does grow very well. We made four different collections of this plant. The one in fig. 16 was collected at Tentena quite close to the waterside. 6 GPS 8898: This species flowers very freely for most of the year. It will both climb and hang, making a thick tangle of vines. The flowers are not unlike those of the parasitica group. It was collected at Tineba on the road to the Bada Figure IS.Map showing where the plants in this article have been found orawali Reserve Bada Valley Tentena just south of Sulewana rapids Tonsu Hill Kolonadale Color Plate 3: Captions to Color Illustrations (Following pages). — Photos by the Author. Figure 1. Hoya sp. Sulawesi GPS 8830. Figure 2. Hoya incurvula GPS 8836. Figure 3. Hoya imbricata GPS 8838. Figure 4. Hoya sp. Sulawesi GPS 8840. Figure 5. Hoya sp. Sulawesi GPS 8842. Figure 6. Dischidia sp. GPS 8843. Figure 7. Hoya dolichosparta GPS 8844. Figure 8. Hoya camphorifolia GPS 8845. Figure 9. Seed pod of Hoya camphorifolia GPS 8845. FigurelO. Burst seed pod of Hoya camphorifolia GPS 8845. 7 8 Figure 11. Dischidia hirsuta GPS 8848. Figure 12. Hoya sp. GPS 8860. Figure 13. Hoya sp. GPS 8864. Figure 14. Hoya australis GPS 8866. Figure 15. Hoya sp. GPS 8875. Figure 16. Hoya sussuella GPS 8891 . Figure 17. Hoya sp. GPS 8898. All photos on pages 8 & 9 by the author: Paul Shirley 9 Morowali Reserve, spot on jungle trail where new* Hoya specie was found. Over the hill to Bada valley from Tentena. Sometimes it is better to walk ! Sulewana rapids, Poso River, Central Sulawesi. Overnight at a Longhouse, Morowali Reserve. Several hoya species here. Blow-gun lessons included. Photos taken by your editor Dale Kloppenburg 1994 in Central Sulawesi Hoya botanizing expedition. See text above for references to these places. * Specie to be published August 2001 by David Kleijn and Ruurd van Donkleaar. 10 Above HOYA CLEMENSII, typical hemispheric umbel, leaf produced in sun Below HOYA CLEMENSII, typical leaves, produced in shade 11 HOYA CLEMENSII Green Sp. Nova (Asclepidaceae) Latin: Affinis Hoyae finlaysonii sed differt maiore ornate venoso folio habenti apicem atenuatum et differt form loborum coronatorum. English: Allied to Hoya finlaysonii but differs in the much larger, ornately veined leaf with attenuate tip and the shape of the coronal lobes. TYPE: From living collection of Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii, collection number 91032, from a small piece dislodged from the top of a tall tree at the Rafflesia Center, Sabah, 16 Sept. 91, BISH A robust, tropical vine, rooting along the stems; leaves opposite, thick and rigid, petiole 7 mm x 2 cm, curved, blade 10-20 cm wide x 20-50 cm long, with raised, prominent, pinnate venation, ovate-lanceolate with attenuate tip; flowers buff with brownish-purple tips, 13 mm in diameter, 30 to 35 in a hemispheric, persistent umbel. Leaves may become red in bright light. Flower dimensions of clone: Pedicel, Calyx, Corolla, Corona, Coronal lobe, Pollinia, 1 mm in diameter x 2 cm long 4 mm in diameter 1 3 mm in diameter, 7 mm in diameter ovate, 1.5 mm x 4 mm 0.16 mm wide x 0.47 mm long The sap is white. Fragrance is pleasantly musk. Flower duration is as H. finlaysonii - about 8 daylight hours. Seed follicle not seen. Etymology: This handsome leafed Hoya is named after J. and M. S. Clemens, who spent much time botanizing on Mt. Kinabalu and other places in Sabah (British North Borneo, as it was then known), Malaysia. Conservation: This plant is widely distributed, both in collections around the world and in its native habitat, in both non-agricultural and preserve areas of the Crocker Range and undoubtedly westward into Sarawak. Culture: Of easy cultivation but should have a warm climate, high humidity and good light to show the typical growth and flowering. Under good, but shady, conditions, the leaves may reach 20 inches in length. This plant was previously offered in the trade Hoya phyllura, a different species but from the same area. Ted Green Green; Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 96730 12 Sheet of collection of H, clemensii, by the J. and M. S. Clemens, Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia (British North Borneo, at the time). Typically, this herbarium sheet does not show the beautiful venation and character as seen in the living material. JMUAJSTO «r KINj Il> K, IMrsw Ae'is* J'. * *2. s. ioujjsete it o jr « t , EwUsi. .%«Xi f«t 13 Note: the plant on page 13 was mistakenly written up as Hoya phyllura Swartz in Fraterna, 2nd quarter, 1996: 10-1 1 . If you wish you can correct the name there. This was pointed out as an incorrect determination by Chris Burton. The photo of the above species (incorrectly labeled) also appears in Fraterna, 12 #4 1999, page 8. Photomicrographs: from flowers sent to me by Ted Green 4/19/95. Photos by the Editor. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. The pedicel is very short, pubescent, 2.10 cm. long and 0.10 cm. in diameter, pale yellow. Calyx is short outside coarsely granular, inside glossy glabrous diameter 0.48 cm.; sepals have very little overlap 0.15 cm. long and 0.10 cm. at the widest, base glands not visible. Ovaries are short domed pair, glabrous 0.07 cm. tall and base of pair 0.10 cm. Top view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. The sepals are essentially oval, lay fairly flat and are relatively small. Outside (left) and inside corolla lobe (right) enlarged about 8X. Outside with scattered punctations especially on the lobes (purplish) otherwise yellow glabrous, inner surface glabrous and shiny with slight lentecular punctations. Collar oval 0.14 cm. long and 0.06 cm. wide. Note in the left photo the corona lobes exceed the sinus; visible at sinus). Top view of the corona with corolla below enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are short small and dentate. The outer lobe is emarginate, dorsal is narrowly ovate, horizontal, with as slight ridge down the center. The outer lobes exceed the sinuses. There are narrow side lobes beginning at the outer end of the anther wings proceeding along the base of the scale outward. 14 Skewed side view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Note how flat the corona is with a slight cup in the dorsal surface and a slight keel down the center. Most notable in this species is the very thick (doubled) anther wings, they occupy the entire space between the coronal scales. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Anther wing to aw. Ret. to ret. Aw. to ret. Ret. to center 0.34 cm. 0.36 cm. so diam. is 0.72 cm. 0.1 1 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.05 cm. Side view of a corona! scale enlarged about 8X. The dorsal is perfectly horizontal. Outer lobe somewhat blunt, inner lobe extended and dentate. Here the anther has folded downward, it normally just barely exceeds the inner coronal lobe. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The bottom is deeply channeled just in from the anther wings leaving a pentagonal like blank area in the central section, the surfaces are finely sulcate, the column is fairly large but short. Here again the unusually thick anther wings are visible occupying all the space between the coronal lobes. The pollinarium enlarged about 165X. This is a beautiful structure, well defined and distinctive. The pollinia are well proportioned with a pellucid edge extending from the inner apex down the side to above the inner apex. The retinaculum is very long with narrow shoulder area tapering to a widened hip area and then narrowing considerably and the extensions are very short. Pollen grains are well defined, translators are broad in depth well structures supporting small clear caudicles. Pollinia length 0.47 mm. width 0.16 mm. Retinaculum length 0.22 mm. shoulder 0.07 mm. waist 0.05 mm. hip* 0.06 mm. ext. 0.02 mm. Translators length 0.11 mm depth 0.05 mm Caudicle bulb diam. 0.05 mm *Double hip present, lower 0.098 mm. very broad. 15 BIRD TRACKS From: Robin Director Rosemary Peterson 6262 Kildee Street Long Beach, CA 90808 (562)425-4765 Attention all IHA members! Did you take time to get involved in your association? Did you join a robin and meet nice people, exchange ideas, learn new things about hoyas, exchange cuttings, increase your collection and have fun doing it ? If not be brave and do so now ! Give a membership of IHA to a friend, a plant enthusiast, or a family member, maybe best of all to a young person. Sponsor a photo Above all, enjoy life! Robin #1. Margie OR. Feb 2001. Have big fans in the greenhouse now, and I think like, the big fans in orchards, that the air circulation is enough to keep the plants from freezing. The warmer greenhouse has lights on at night, plus heat trays that hoya pots sit on, heat cables and then PVC frames over them covered with plastic. With electric costs going up, everything will be done to save on heating costs this next year. I have a new digital camera and hope to get photos put on CD's this year. My hoyas root quickest for me in coconut peat and perlite mix. They sit on top of a hot water heater. It is one of those square ones about the same height as a counter top. It has always been the best place to start things. I feel the room temperature and the bottom heat has a lot to do with success. Robin #1. Rosemary, CA. April 2001. I have one plant getting ready for its first blooms of the season. It's my little Hoya serpens. It bloomed (Aug. 1999) and has to be seen to be believed. It drapes right across the opening of the patio. Most of the hoyas are starting new growth and if it would just warm up a bit, they would be much happier. Robin #1. Mary, OK. March 2001. My hoyas look pretty good. I’ve lost one favorite that I got a number of years ago from Jean Spirling in Chicago. Sad about it because neither of us could identify it. I don’t think it liked this hot dry Oklahoma summer we had. Since I summer the hoyas outside they have to be tough to endure. If I ever get another Hoya linearis, I will keep it indoors in the air conditioning. I’ll pamper the next one. Robin #1. Harriette, CA. March 2001. I hope you can make it down to the San Diego Exotic Plant & Hoya Group meetings. The next one should be a good slide show, taking us on an exotic trip to the Jardin Botanique Gardens in Monaco (Meeting date: Oct. 14, 2001) Robin #3 Anja. My favorite Hoyas ? Well- everyone that decides to develop flowers for me... to be honest: I really enjoy the smell of Hoya lacunosa and the great appearance of Hoya nmltiflora. When I look at the hoya literature and at the fantastic photos- well there are so many, many lovely hoyas around, I can hardly say “this is the one”. I love them all. I adore, for example the flowers of H. kerrii, H. melijlua H obovata, H, fraterna, and of course the great ones like H. imperialis, H macgillivaryii, etc. I bought my first “Wax Flower” at a garden shop. Now I have over 50 different hoyas. Something I could never have imagined when I first started with H bella in 1993. 16 GREEN: PLANT RESEARCH P.O. BOX 597, KAAAWA, HAWAII 96730 Web address: rare-hoyas.com I HAVE INTRODUCED OVER 1/3 OF ALL HOYAS NOW IN THE TRADE;WITH NEW ONES EVERY YEAR. SEND FOR THE ASCLEPIAD LIST OVER 200 HOYA AND DISCHIDIA SPECIES AND VARIETIES. TED GREEN San Diego Exotic Plant & Hoya Group Held quarterly at the Quail Botanic Gardens in Encinitas, California For more information about the 2001 meeting dates: Contact HARRIETTE SCHAPIRO AT: (858 273-4267 OR EMAIL: schapir@mail.sdsu.edu HOYA, CACTUS, AND OTHER SUCCULENT PLANT BOOKS Send for free 38-page catalog featuring 500 books/items on hoyas, cacti, succulents, palms, cycads, bromeliads, ferns, sansevierias, epiphyllums. South African, desert, more. Largest Cactus Bookshop in the world! We ship anywhere in the world. Rainbow Gardens Bookshop 1444 E. Taylor St. Dept. IHA-01 Vista, CA 92084-3308, USA Phone: 760-758-4290 Fax: 760-945-8934 E-mail: rbgdns@aol.com Visa/Mastercard welcome We ship worldwide! See our entire bookshop catalog on the web: www.cactus -- mall.com/rainbow_bookshop HGA The Association for plant and flower people who grow in hobby greenhouses and windows! Quarterly Magazine Growing & Maintenance Help & Advice Hobby Greenhouse Association 8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA 01730-2048 Dues: USA $19 {Canada and Mexico, $21 US funds/MO) {$22 Overseas, US funds/MO) Sample magazine $3.50 Directory of Greenhouse Manufacturers $2.50 16 Back Issues HELP SPONSOR A PHOTO CAMPAIGN How do you like the photos that are put into each issue of FRATERNA these days! Would you like to see more? We certainly would if we could afford it, but let’s face it— one of the most expensive things about putting out an issue of FRATERNA is having all those color photos in each issue. To offset those costs and allow more pictures to be added, we are actively asking our members to help sponsor a photo. This was very popular a couple of years ago, but in the last 18-24 months, we’ve seen a lack of interest —probably because we didn’t promote it enough. Let’s rectify this! Send in your non-profit donation of $25.00-$50.00-$100.00 today! Through your generous support, everyone will benefit! Thank you. We now have the thirteen original issues of the Hoya Society-West Coast bulletin bound as one publication. Jj^ The price of this bound text is $39.95 for U.S. shipment and out U.S. $48.95 shipped surface overseas. Due to the extra pages and pictures in our new publication "Fraterna", we must, out of necessity, increase our prices for back issues of "Fraterna" to $7.00 per issue, U.S. $9.00 per issue shipped surface mail overseas Dealer Catalog Requests The IHA office does not have dealer catalogs available. Please address your catalog requests to the individual dealers, or write to our Board Member Vic Sencindiver, who will have a listing of mail order dealers available. Please send a self addressed, stamped envelope (overseas requests, please send one International Postal Reply Coupon). Vic's address is 908 S. Beach Ave., Beach Haven, NJ 08008-1520 U.S. A. In some instances there may be a charge for these catalogs.. Bob Smoley’s Gardenworld Dept. IHA-01 4038 WATTERS LANE GIBSONIA, PA. 15044 Tel. 724-443-6770 Fax. 724-449-6219 E-mail bsmoley@pgh.net WE OFFER THE FOLLOWING PLUS MANY SPECIES NOT LISTED Sansevierias...l50 species <$>Hoya A Dischidia...l70 species <$>Epiphyllums....l60 species ^Haworthia....l65 species Rebutia -Sulcorebutia - Lobivia....l50 species <$>Rhipsalis....60 species <^Stapeliacls....75 species Euphorbias - Caudiciforms - Gasterias - Aloes ~ Agaves - Opuntias - Jungle Cactus - Exotic Foliage - Winter hardy cactus Send for free catalog NOW 11 Over 2,500 species listed in our 75 page catalog Web address: www.bobsmoleys.com 17 Officlat Bulletin Of The Volume 14 #4 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Oct-Dec. 2001 Hoya gildingii Kioppenburg Photo by Torill Nyhuus INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Administrative Office; 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Phone; (760) 758-4290 Fax; (760) 945-8934 E-Mail; RBGdns@aol.com A Non-Profit Organization Bulletin published quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www. international-hoya.org 2002 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers And Editors President Vice President Secretary/T reasurer Editor Assistant Editor & Web Administrator Dr. Harriette Schapiro Chuck Everson Ann Wayman Dale Kloppenburg Edward Gilding I.H.A. Affdiates San Diego Exotic Pant and Hoya Group, San Diego, CA. Svenska Hoya Salskapet, Borlange, Sweden Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in "Fraterna". It is the policy of the I HA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. Fraterna Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Ted Green Dr. Vic Sencindiver Rosemary Peterson William J. Wayman Jerry Williams Fraterna is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at; 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA. 92084-3308. Correspondence Dr. Vic Sencindiver Secretary 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven,NJ. 08008 e-mail; jsencin@worldnet.att.net Round Robin: Rosemary Peterson 6262 E. Killdee St. Long Beach, CA. 90808 e-mail: rsmary940@aol.com Membership Sec’y* Jerry Williams Slide Librarian: 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA. 92084 e-mail: rbgdns@aol.com Honorary Board Members Representing Europe: Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing S.W. U.S.: Mary Jo Gussett Representing Central Europe: Ruurd Van Donkelaar Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fraterna do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, the Board of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fraterna for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fraterna may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fraterna and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Editor's e-mail address: rdk03@cvip.net Our Cover Story: Picture of Edward Gilding taken in the jungle by Ted Green. Ed has been on many botanizing trips to hoya habitats and has an extensive collection. He is a tall 25 year old, young man with an unusual ability to spot hoya foliage in among the jungle canopy. Many times he has to show the rest of us just where a hoya is among all the other green. As You may know Ed is continuing to study hoyas and to hybridize especially the Eriostemma's. Ed is in the process of getting his BS Degree in Biology majoring in Biochemistry. Presently living and studying in Hilo, Hawaii. It is with great pleasure that I name the following hoya in Edward’s honor. Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg Hoya gildingii Kloppenburg sp. nov. Section Physostelma (Wight) Blume, affinis Hoya epedunculatae Schlechter sed coronae folia supeme clever similis non acuta et retinaculum magnum non minuto. Typus 97009 ex hort. Eva Karina Wiberg, Borlange, Sweden. From Mt. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia (Bukit Tapai Trail) 1995. A strong growing vine with linear lanceolate opposite leaves, lax or with the petioles upright along the stem. This is a campanulate flowered hoya with a very unusual inner coronal lobe in the shape of a cleaver, thin narrow with considerable depth. Unlike nearly all other campanulate hoya species this one has a relatively long large retinaculum. Pedicel: slightly curved, terete, smooth, glabrous or with an occasional granulose based hair 2.5 cm. long; enlarged somewhat approaching the calyx. Calyx: membranous, cupped inwardly, difficult to remove from corolla, sepals narrowly ovate with obtuse outer apex, no basal overlap, ciliate, prominent dark ligules at the sinus. 0.20 cm. long with base 0.10 cm. wide. Ovaries: long narrow dome shaped pair, adjoining surface flat, glabrous, smooth; waxy yellow color. 1 Corolla: campanulate, lobes cut below the middle, lobe apex acute (flowers shaped like Hoya stenophylla Schlechter but larger), outside glabrous, inside glabrous except for a band of stiff hairs along the margins and under the crown, (hairs here are pointing toward the center), texture rather thin. Color yellow. Sinus to sinus Sinus to center Sinus to apex Apex to center wisest (lobe) 0.70 cm. 0.60 cm. 0.80 cm. 1.22 cm. so diameter flattened is 2.44 cm. 0.72 cm. Corona; cream colored, glabrous, waxy, smooth (except sides of lower groove finely sulcate) saddle shaped. Inner lobe knife-like (like raised cleavers) does not reach the center but is raised higher than the center. Ruffled edged anthers are exposed. Dorsal surface with keeled lines especially along the edges, outer apex turned over and emarginate, scale thick with basal side lobes, below openly channeled, internal edge far from the center, sides scooped into the broad, thick anther wing ends. A column in the center, much thickened. Apex to apex Apex to center Retinaculum to ret. Ret. to center 0.40 cm.; widest part of dorsal scale 0.15 cm. 0.46 cm. so diameter of corona is 0.92 cm. 0.1 1 cm. 0.12 cm. Pollinarium: relatively large with a long retinaculum with a distinctive long waist, and rounded broad hip area. Pollinia long tapering inward from the apex, caudicle bulbous, adhering to the rounded inner pollinium apex. Translators narrowly wedge shaped, broadest near the retinaculum. This species has an unusual flared skirt like structure tight at the end of the retinaculum extensions flaring out to partially envelope the retinaculum. pollinia 0.69 mm. long, widest 0.22 mm., with pellucid outer edge, a narrow vacuole inward. retinaculum 0.34 mm. long, shoulders 0.12 wide, waist 0.05 mm., hips 0.11 mm.; extensions 0.10 mm. long (included in length). translator 0.1 1 mm long, ca. 0.02 mm. depth. caudicle bulbous portion 0. 1 0 mm. diameter. 2 Photos of this new species sent via e-mail from Torill Nyhuus, Sweden. Photonucrographs follow: Top and side view of the calyx enlarged about 8X. Sepals 0.20 cm. long, base width 0.10 cm. Apex obtuse, edges ciliate; ligules at each sinus. Curved inward to conform to campanulate corolla. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Note the unusual and individualistic inner coronal lobe shaped like a cleaver. The scale is unusually thick vertically. 3 ( Outside and inside view of a portion of the corolla enlarged 8X. Outside is glabrous, inside with stiff hairs along the edges. Two views of the corona enlarged about 8X. Again showing the knife edged inner lobe the keeled edges of the dorsal surface of the lobes with the outer apex turned down. The retinaculum is well in from the outer end of the anther wings. View showing the apex of the stylar table with surrounding coronal scales (3) enlarged about 8X. The cleaver-like knife edged inner lobes are clear in this photo. Anther wings creped and cover the stylar table but are below the height of the inner coronal lobes. Under side view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are openly channeled, the groove extending only a short way inward. The central column is thickened and about medium in length. ( 4 A composite of two micro-photos of this large pollinarium, here enlarged about 83X. Details covered under pollinarium above. The most notable thing I see here is the winged head area on the retinaculum and much rounded hip area almost cordate. The retinaculum also has long well defined extensions on the lower apex. This structure contrasts to all of Dr. Schlechter's Section Physostelma species which all have very small retinaculum. The following article is here reproduced from Asklepios 82 (2001) with permission of the publication and the author Ulrich Meve. Photo of Dr. Ulrich Meve Research projects: l.Systematics of Gentianales, especially Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae. 2. Floral biology and pollination in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Department of Systematic Botany University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany 5 HOYA HEUSCHKELIANA, A NEO-ENDEMIC OF MT. BULUSON (PHILIPPINES, LUZON), AND REMARKS ON THE URCEOLATE FLOWER TYPE IN ASCLEPIADOIDEAE Ulrich Meve Introduction The southernmost tip of Luzon, the main island of the Philippines, is occupied by the Sorsogon Province, which is topographically dominated by the Mt. Bulusan Volcano. From the forested areas around Lake Bulusan at the foot of Mt. Bulusan, and only from this very restricted area, an unusual small-flowered Hoya was originally brought to our attention by Dale Kloppenburg, who described it as Hoya heuschkeliana (Kloppenburg 1989). It was named after Dexter Heuschkel, vice president of the Manila Memorial Park. Recently, J. Schneidt recollected Hoya heuschkeliana while collecting Asciepiadaceae on the Philippines and in China in 1996. Living material was brought into cultivation in Germany. Cuttings made from Schneidt’ s two different collections have been distributed by the author to German and British Hoya collectors. Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg This interesting and unusual Philippine endemic possesses globose-urceolate flowers, which only open slightly in the center by recurving the tips of the corolla lobes (Figs. 1, 2). It is the only Hoya species that does so, and for this reason has been placed in a section of its own by Kloppenburg (1993), Hoya sect. Skenostemma. Such flowers could be easily mistaken for those belonging to the genus Dischidia (Fig. 3. pitcher plants; cf. Walker 1985) where urceolate tubular flowers are the rule, while typical Hoya possesses radiate (sometimes with revolute corolla lobes) to broadly campanulate corollas (cf. Forster et al. 1998). Since the leaves are rather small, rounded and succulent, the vegetative appearance of H. heuschkeliana is also more similar to Dischidia rather than to most species of Hoya. However, the flowers of H. heuschkeliana must be regarded as “falsely urceolate” (or pseudo-urceolate), since the corolla tube, the fused part of the corolla, is shortly campanulate rather then truly urceolate and the corolla lobes are longer than the tube. Its globose-urceoate appearance is due to the erectocnivent corolla lobes, which do not separate except for the tips but with their margins adhering for most of their length. From the evolutionary point of view this is a derived character in Hoya, although, seemingly it makes a very short step. In contrast, Dischidia and also the monotypic genera related to Hoya such as Madangia (cf. Forster et al. 1997) and Micholitzia (Goyder & Kent 1994) have more completely fused corollas with only small free lobes (Fig. 3). Considering the corona and pollinaria also, there cannot be left any doubt as to the generic affiliation of Hoya heuschkeliana. The corona lobes are lanceolate and star-like arranged around the gynostegium — never found in Dischidia. The corona lobes are grooved on the lower side, which typically characterizes Hoya (but which is also present in Micholitzia and Absolmsia (the third monotypic genera in the complex, e.g., Omlor (1 997)). Finally, each pollinium bears a germination crest along the outer margin as in so many hoyas (also Absolmsia, Madangia and Micholitzia) but unlike Dischidia. Nevertheless, there is a structural peculiarity of the corona otherwise rare in the genus. These are the wings formed by the basal margins of the corona lobes, and which extend dorsally into tooth-like projections (see illustrations in Kloppenburg 1989). This character is only known from a group of species with characteristically revolute corolla lobes such as Hoya bilobata Schltr. and H. tsangii C. Burton, both endemics of Mindanao, or the Indonesian H. picta Miqu. And H. revoluta Wight. 6 Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg, Hoyan 11(1.2): 1-3 (1989). Type: Philippines, Luzon, Sorsogon, Lake Bulusan, alt. 50 m, Pancho 2175 [CAHP, holo; UC, iso]. Description: Plants epiphytic, climbing on tree trunks, with white latex: stems procumbent- creeping (stem tips twining by chance), many-branched, being attached to the undergrowth by wiry adventitious roots appearing along the nodes and internodes at the lower side of stems. Stems green, cylindrical, wiry, 1 — 2 mm in diam., with scattered, translucent, decumbent hairs; leaves stalked for 3 — 5 mm, lamina broadly ovate to elliptic, 2 — 5 cm long, 1- 2.2. cm broad, succulent to leathery, upper-side dark green (purplish when stressed by sun or drought), underside brighter, usually slightly convex, basally obtuse to cuneate, scattered hairs on the margins; inflorescences globoid, 2 — 7-flowered, inserting extra-axillary on lower face of stem; peduncle 2 — 3 mm long, scatteredly hairy with appressed, translucent hairs; pedicels 2 — 4 mm long: sepals deltate, ± 1.2 mm long. Flowers nectariferous, emitting a dull-sweetish scent mainly in the late afternoon; corolla flattened globose-urceolate, ca. 3.5 — 45 mm long, 5 — 7 mm broad, outside glabrous, inside finely papillose, corolla tube cream-coloured, corolla lobes deltoid to deltoid- cucullate, ca. 2.5 mm long, 2.5 mm broad at base, acute, erect-connivent, tips completely recurved, pinkish, margins slightly recurved, pinkish. Corona uni-seriate, staminal corona lobes lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, ascending in a 45° spiral. Yellowish, lower side canaliculate (grooved), dorsal part of corona lobe apically aproned, basally winged and bifid (wings extending into a dorsal tooth-like projection), inner parts of corona lobes acute, erect, tips connivent above the stylar head. Pollinaria: pollinia rounded rectangular, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.14 mm broad, corpuscle rhomboid, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.1 mm broad, caudicles short, cylindrical. Carpels glabrous; fruits and seeds unknown. Chromosome number; 2n=22 (Voucher: Schneidt 96-95 [MO, UBT]). Habitat: Only known from lowland to submontane forest surrounding Lake Bulusan (50—600 m). Material investigated: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Sorsogon, Prov., Mt. Bulusan Volcano, Lake Bulusan, “Lover’s Lane” footpath around lake, alt. ca. 600 m, 4th of June 1996, J. Schneidt 96-95 (MO, UBT) et 96-96 (MS UN, UBT).* Cultivation Hoya heuschkeliana is a lovely and easily pleased plant in cultivation. It roots easily, branches generously and flowers nearly the whole year round if the conditions are suitable (avoid too dry room air). Originally an epiphytic species it can be grown in a pot with ordinary soil, in a hanging basket, or (initially) fixed onto trunks (fern trunks). It is only the somewhat hidden and small inflorescences, which are usually formed on the lower side of stems and often partly hidden between the dense foliage, which might diminish growers delight. But since the emission of a distinct sweetish-dull scent (similar to some plastics) is considerable, predominantly in the late afternoon, the flowers cannot be overlooked in the greenhouse. On the distribution of urceolate flowers in Asclepiadoideae Urceolate-shaped flowers represent a wide-spread floral variation in Asclepiadoideae, which shows up in a limited number of genera, sometimes even as singular exceptions as in Hoya. Within the species-rich Old World genus Tvlophora (ca. 7 100 species from West Africa to New Caledonia). T. urceolata Meve is the single globose-urceolate-flowered species in a genus of otherwise radiate flowers (Meve 1996). Even in size, the flowers of H. heuschkeliana and T. urceolata are of similar dimensions. In the stapeliad genus Huernia (over 60 species in Africa and Arabia), with its large and fleshy flowers, we find another of these exceptions in H. urceolata L.C. Leach (cf Leach 1988). In general, urceolate-shaped flowers are quite regularly distributed in the stapeliads, in particular in Eehidnopsis (Fig. 4). Pseudolithos, Stapelianthusi, Stapeliopsis and Pectinaria. In these genera this flower structure is more or less dominant or it even serves as genetic marker (e.g., Stapeliopsis). Additional examples from the Old World are to be found in ceropegiads and marsdeniads such as Brachystelma (e.g., B. oianthum Schltr.), Heterostemma (H. sect. Oianthus), Sisyranthus, Gunnessia, Gyrnnerna and Marsdenia (e.g.. M australis R.Br. Druce, M microstoma Schltr., M. tinctoria R.Br.). Quite exceptional is the corona-less Asclcpiadeae genus Microloma (e.g., M. tenuifoliurn (L.) K. Schum.) in southern Africa (cf. Bruyns 1991). though, the flowers of most species of this genus are rather elongated to tubular. With Stenostelma (S. capense Schltr., Fig. 5) and some small-flowered species of the tuberous relatives of Asciepias found in southern Africa, there are also some representatives of the tribe Asclepiadeae that have developed urceolate- shaped flowers (or at least globose pseudourceolate flowers as in Stenostelma capense, where the general construction of the corolla is comparable to that of Hoya heuschkeliana). In the New World, which houses more Asclepiadoideae species but much fewer genera than the Old World, the urceolate flower type is quite frequently spread over some groups, typically represented by small-flowered Asclepiadeae — Metastelmatinae such as Metastelma (e.g., Metastelma sepicola Pittier), Cynanchum (C. nubicola Morillo), Ditassa (D. franciscoi (Morillo) Liede med.), Tassadia (T. guianensis Decne., T. obovata Decne.) arid Orthosia (0. urceolata Fourn.). It occurs also in the Hemipogon "Asiephanus” and Gonioanthela (e.g., G. bradeana Fontella Pereira & A. Schwarz) lineages. In Asclepiadeae — Oxypetalinae flowers with deep (cylindrical) corolla tubes are wide-spread, urceolate-shaped corollas, however, are quite rare (e.g., Amblystigma cionophoruin E. Foum., Morrenia herzogii Schltr.). Finally, urceolate flower structures are wide-spread in New World Marsdenia (e.g., M. altissima (Jacq.) Dugand, M. amazonica Morillo or M sprucei Rothe). Typically, the advantage of urceolate flower structures lies in the restriction of access for most of the flower-visiting organisms to the interior of the flower (and its nectar). This kind of specialization can finally lead to highly specific flower-pollinator relationships. Such systems are known for Microloma (pollinated by sunbirds of the genus Necctarinia, Pauw 1998) or Ditassa franciscoi (pollinated by wasps as photographed by Zarucchi: http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi- bin/search_pick?w3till=02610433_001). In the stapeliads, the urceolate flowers obviously do not differ in being fly-pollinated as the open flowers (cf Meve & Liede 1994). Only for these three examples the pollinators (pollinating groups) are known but they might demonstrate already that the urceolate flower type is involved in several fairly different pollination systems. Acknowledgements 8 My thanks go to Dr. Josefine Schneidt, Edinburgh, who abandoned the whole living material collected on the Philippines to me. * MO = Mossouri Bot. Gdn. UTB =Univ. Bereuth, Gremany MS = Univ. of Messia, Italy. References BRUYNS, P.V. (1991): Notes on Microlonia. Asklepios 52: 71 — 74. FORSTER, P.I., LIDDLE, D.J. & LIDDLE, E.M. (1997): Madangia inflata (Asclepiadaceae: Marsdenieae), a new genus and species from Papua New Guinea. -1 Astrobaileya 5(1): 53 57. FORSTER, P.I., LIDDLE, D.J. & LIDDLE, E.M. (1998): Diversity in the genus I-Iota (Aselepiadaceac Marsdenieae). 35(2): 44-48. GOYDER, D.J. & KENT, D.H. (1994): Micholitzia obcordata N.E. Br. (Asclepiadaceae — Marsdenieae) reinstated. Asklepios 62: 1 3 — 1 9. KLOPPENBURG, D. (1989): Hoya heuschke liana. Hoyan 1 1(1.2): 1 — 3. K.LOPPENBURG, D. (1993): Hoya sections, a complete study with,, modifications and additions. D. Kloppenburg: Fresno, California, USA. LEACH, L.C. (1988): A revision of Huernia R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Excelsa Tax. Sci: 4: 1— 197. MEVE, U. (1996): A new species of Tvlophora (Asclepiadaceae) from West Tropical Africa. Kew Bull. 51(3): 585—589. MEVE, U. & LIEDE, S. (1994): Floral biology and pollination in stapeliads — new results and a literature review. PI. Syst. Evol. 192: 99 — I 16. OMLOR, R. (1998): Generische Revision der Marsdenieae (Asclepiadaceae). Shaker Verlag: Aachen, Germany. PAUW A. (1998): Pollen transfer on birds tongues. Nature 394: 73 1 — 732. WALKER, C.C. (1985): Dischidia An introduction to asclepiad ant plants. Asklepios 35: 3 Correction/Notice about Hoya clemensii: It has been brought to my attention that my naming the handsome Borneo species Hoya clemensii is in error. The plant is correct, it is just that the name does not follow article 60, note 3 Ex. 25 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Since I named it after the two Clemenses, it must be Hoya clemensiorum. Those of you who have this plant in your collection please change the label to reflect this change. Ted Green Greeb Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 9 Figure 1: Hoya heuschkeliana (Schneidt 96-96). Figure 2. Hoya heuschkeliana (Schneidt 96- 95). Figure 3: Dischidia fruticulosa from Lake Balusan, flow, in cult. Bayreuth (Schneidt 96-97). Figure 4: Echidnopsis urceolata (Ethiopia, Specks 787). Figure 5: Stenostelma capense (RSA, Liede 2934). 10 Figure 1: Hoya heuschkeliana (Schneidt 96-96). Figure 2: Hoya heuschkeliana (Schneidt 96-95). Figure 3: Dischidiopsis luzonica Schlechter {Dischidia luzonica) from Lake Bulusan, flow, in cult. Bayreuth (Schneidt 96-97) Figure 4: Echidnopsis urceolata Ethiopia Specks 787). Figure 5 Stenostelma capensis (RAS, Liede 2934). DNA Comes to Hoyas The following article is by Anne-Marie Lemay, a graduate student at the Universite de Montreal. She is investigating the evolutionary history of the genus Hoya using a molecular tool. She is also interested to use the phylogenetic relationships among the species in order to understand the biogeographic pattern of this group of plants. As you can see in the article she is doing some necessary studies on the DNA of hoyas, with the aim of studying the phylogenetic relationships between the different species. Her aim is to reconstruct a genealogical tree for about 50 species of hoyas. She is able to extract the DNA from leaf samples and then compare these sequences of the different species. Anne-Marie’s Professors are Dr. Franciois-Joseph Lapointe, a molecular systematist and also Dr. Jean-Pierre Simon, a botanist. Dr. Lapointe wrote to me about her “Anne-Marie is my first student to work on the subject, but I believe that there will be others after her. In any case, the first reason why I got involved in this in the first place is because my spouse is crazy about hoyas. When I got the opportunity to do a project on the genus, I jumped at it. Being a mammalogist working mostly on the phylogenetic relationships among bats and marsupials, the switch wasn’t obvious, but that is the beauty of DNA. It is universal and so you don’t need to learn new protocols to move from animals to plants.” II Je cherche encore un titre... By *Anne-Marie Lemay Have you ever considered the possibility that Hoyas could be like us and have “sisters”, “cousins”, “parents, etc.? Effectively, plants, like any other life form, evolve with developing relationships with each other. Most surprising even, these relationships can be represented by a particular genealogical tree named a phylogeny or, if you prefer, a phylogenetic tree. In the aim of discovering the identity of your own ancestors and understanding how your family is related to them, the only requirement would be to search for wedding and birth certificates, or simply to question your family about it. But for scientists who try to break through to the mystery surrounding the evolution of plants, the task is a little bit more arduous. Since species’ birth is an event that happens progressively in a scale of several millions years. Of course, there is no witness to tell us how the actual species appeared and thus, how they are related to each other. Scientists may question the plants themselves to resolve their phylogenetic puzzle. I bring a contribution to this kind of research, with the help of collaborators, by studying the phylogeny of Hoya species. Therefore, I thought it might be interesting to share with Hoya lovers the hidden side of a phylogeny. In search of clues Maybe some of you talk to your plants while watering them. If you would ask them to describe to you their phylogeny, believe it or not, they would answer you! But not exactly in the way you think. Plants reveal information about their relationships through their morphology and even their DNA. Either morphology or DNA represents a valuable source of clues to unravel relationships between species. For my own project, I work only with DNA or, to be more accurate, with a particular part of it. As far as the morphology is concerned, it can be studied with a large range of physical characters going from something as simple as the shape of the leaves, to more complicated ones, like the pollen structure. At first sight, we can ask ourselves how two characters sources that are different from each other can provide the same kind of information. Knowing that DNA is like an instruction manual containing all the directives for the development and the functioning of each individual, the morphology is. in fact, the result of the instructions given by the DNA. Thus, we can understand why either morphology or DNA can be used for the same purpose, since both are interconnected. Now, what remains to know, is how the morphology and the DNA can reveal the relationships between species. Birds of a feather flock together The basic idea in doing a phylogeny is to compare the morphology or the DNA from different species, and to gather those sharing common features. Like the proverb says “birds of a feather flock together”! Effectively, the more species are similar, the more they are closely related to each other. To convince you, take a look at the picture taken at your last family party. You will notice that you are sharing more common traits with the members of your immediate family than with distant ones. However, scientists must be careful in their interpretation, since appearances 12 can sometimes be deeeptive. An easy case to understand would be bats and birds. Even if both of them possess wings, a bat shares more common features with the other mammals than with birds. For example, a bat is more closely related to a rabbit than an eagle. Thus, bats and birds would have developed their wings independently of each other. Such an event is named a feature convergence. What a phylogeny looks like? It’s not enough to compare the morphology or the DNA of plants. The result of the comparisons must be represented by a phylogeny. The following illustrates an example of a phylogeny where the lines, or, if you prefer the branehes connect the speeies with each other, and where an intersection between two branches, i.e. the node, indicates common features shared by the species emerging from this node. Thus, species 1 and 2 would be closer to each other than with the species located anywhere else in the phylogeny. The node of a phylogeny represents also the ancestor that gave birth to the species connected to it. Generally, only two species can emerge from an ancestor. Scientists are not able to identify these ancestors, except if they can find their fossils. For plants, there are fossils of pollen that can be used for the identification, but those from Hoya are extremely rare. Now that I have lifted the veil on the structure of a phylogeny and the tools used to establish it, I intend to show you my results about the phylogeny of Hoya species in the next issue ofFraterna. In the meantime, while watering your plants, question them. I have always believed that communication is a good way to know others better... What a Blooming Summer !!!!! By Vic Sencindiver, M.D. Indeed this has been a blooming summer for my hoy as. I have often wondered why and have been disappointed by the poor blooming performance of my collection in the past. I have about 1 50+ different species and eultivars of hoy as. They are placed outdoors for the summer beginning about the last week in May, most hanging from a pergola in either partial shade or fill sunlight. Nothing was changed in their care this year including watering and fertilizing.., and yet a full 85% of them have bloomed and bloomed and bloomed for me including some that have never bloomed before. In addition, seed pod formation has been prolific this summer. Why has this happened? I can’t blame it on El Nino or La Nina. It is my opinion the age and size of the plants are most probably responsible for this phenomenon. Nearly all of those plants that have bloomed are well over 10+ years from the rooted cutting size. A large percentage of the plants are in hanging baskets, pot bound, and average three to three and one half feet in length.. I have received many inquiries from collectors as to why their seemingly healthy plants have not bloomed. My answers have always been the usual ones — give them more light, not too 13 much fertilizer, water only on demand and allow to become pot-bound, etc. All of these are important but probably the most important piece of advice to give them is “Be patient and wait until the plants mature and see their “Golden Years”. True, some young seedlings will bloom sparsely in a year or less, but not lushly like my “old-timers” have this year. This phenomenon should not come as a complete surprise. Years ago, I noted a similar situation taking place in a very old greenhouse. Ficus pumila showed a similar happening in that the fruiting branches were stouter and had larger leaves than the thin, small leafed trailing stems of the young plant. It had nothing to do with its emergence to light sources, and was purely a matter of the size and age of the plant. Once it was large enough it would start to produce fruiting leaves and branches. Even though the majority of hoyas require relatively uncomplicated culture, there are those that do require special attention and observation. Others present a challenge to even the most experienced growers. This challenge adds to the excitement of growing them. As a grower becomes more experienced, he/she will become interested in more than the beauty of the blooms. There will be an increase of interest in their history. This knowledge will often enhance the growers appreciation of the distinctive characteristics of each species and culture. Common sense should be your guide in all aspects of houseplant growing. Observation will teach you more than any printed word can, and the possession of that mythical attribute “green thumb” is usually to be found associated with affection and keen observation. 1 hope this piece will be helpful to many of you who might have become disillusioned in growing hoyas because of their reluctance to bloom. Maintain your interest in patiently waiting for bloom to occur — and it will !!! Do not give up !! P.V.Sencindiver, M.D. 908 S. Beach Avenue beach Haven, NJ 08008 E mail; jsencin@att.net Hoya pictures by Ann Wayman, Central Point, Oregon Hoya micrantha Hooker f. Hoya plicata King & Gamble 14 BIRD TRACKS From: Robin Director Rosemary Peterson 6262 Kildee Street Long Beach, CA 90808 (562) 425-4765 Attention all IHA members! Did you take time to get involved in your association? Did you join a robin and meet nice people, exchange ideas, learn new things about hoyas, exchange cuttings, increase your collection and have fun doing it ? If not be brave and do so now I Give a membership of IHA to a friend, a plant enthusiast, or a family member, maybe best of all a young person. Sponsor a photo Above all, enjoy life! Robin #1. Margie, OR. May 2001. Hoya davidcummingii. Now a little about this flower. I have never been able to get this hoya to root for me, so when I was given a cutting I stuck it in water. A pill vial with water and superthrive. It had some buds at that time but they dropped. This tune they developed and it has roots, but almost afraid to plant it as afraid it will die. Another thing is that it is in a terrarium. Son works for lighting company and they were selling these tall terrariums, but a couple of them, a panel or two got undone, or one the bottom got broke. So he brought them home to me. They were going to throw them out. I used some silicon glue to replace the panel and set the other one into a big plant saucer and filled the bottom with sand. My husband installed lights, which are low wattage and give off a slight amount of heat. They have doors that can be opened for watering, or if it gets to humid or to hot. Also if to hot can stick a small fan in there. Some kind of computer fans that my husband wired to just plug in. I am now getting some hoyas to grow that I couldn’t grow before. Oh yes, found by putting an aluminum roasting pan that I have pots with cuttings, and set on top of these terrariums (lights on provide bottom heat) that I have lauterbachii, variegated kerrii, caudata and some others rooted. So is doing double duty. One terrarium has some orchid seedlings, but once they get big hoyas will go in there also. Robin #1. Mary, OK. June 2001. I’ve been a hoya lover since early 70’s or 60’s when one of my bosses “turned me on to succulents”. I’d loved cacti & collecting them for years - still do. They & hoyas fascinate me. I’ve just had to cut back on size and numbers. Now I keep my favorites. Robin #1. Jennifer, GA. April 2001. As for my hoyas in particular, like most things, I’ve gone a little overboard, but I’m thoroughly enjoying them. I think I have over 40 or so of them now, mostly small rooted or rooting cuttings (with the exception of some large hanging pots that I found at a local garden center). I just bought a bateh from Margie (thanks, Margie!), and they look fantastic. I especially like the ones with interesting patterns in the leaf venation, or ones that are especially succulent (my next purchase will be pachycladal). So far. I’ve had only two of them bloom — a longifolia in mid- winter, and now the lacunosa, which seems determined to bloom continuously and smells wonderful. Robin #1 RP, CA. Aug. 2001. This summer finds my hoyas in good form. Many blooms brighten the baek patio they call home. Kerii is especially nice right now, and Serpens is trying to bloom again. Compacta has those neat pink balls of color, and Red Buttons was another showy one. All 6 of my David Liddles’ bloomed, although they continue to stay quite small. Jennifer: You are certainly off to a good start with so many hoyas. I know you will always enjoy them. My oldest one is from a cutting of a carnosa that grew in Santa Barbara in the 1930’s. Its a huge old plant and always blooms and blooms. 15 ! i 1 i ■i < i t ■* • ^OYA PHOTO GALLEJ^ Photos by Ann Way man Hoya filifonnis Reichinger. Beautiful dark green foliage, making it a striking hanging basket. Easy to grow. Hoya Compacta 'Mauna Loa' One of the very popular Hindu Rope' plants with variegation in the center of each leaf. Dark pink flowers in a tight umbel. Hoya multiflora Blume. The "Shooting Star" hoya from the Philippines. Easy to grow and flower. Hoya purpureofusca Hooker. Hails from the forests of Java. Easy to grow species with beautifiil purple petals and darker purple corona. i ! i ' mI' t ^il I n««/H I I p.a BOX mr, kmawa, hawai mm W«b address: rare-ho}'jjS,c Sense vie rias... 150 species <®>HoyQ (Si Dischidfa...l70 species <^Epiphyltums.„.160 species ^Hciworthia....l65 species <^RebutiQ ”Sulcorebutici - Lobivict 150 species <^RhipsQlts....60 species ^$t0peliads....75 species .Euphorbias - Caudieifornis •» Ga.sterias - Al0e$ - Agaves •- Opunfias “ Jungle Cactus -«• Exotic Foliage “* Winter hardy cactus Semi for free eatuhg NOW U Over 2^500 species listed in our 75 page catalog Web address: ww\v.bob.smi>ley.*t.com Denier Catalog Requests The I HA office (toea^ not have dealer catalogs availabis. .Please address your catatog requests to 5bs indriadual dealers, or write to our Board MemPer Vks SencIrKfivef, tivho will have a listing of mai! order dialers available. Please sersd a sett addressed, sismped envelope (over^ss request.?, p!e»e send one Intermtlsnal Postal Reply Coupon). Vtos address i« 908 S.. Beach Avs., Beach Haven, N3 08008^1520 U.S. A, In some intstences there may be a charge tor these caidkjgs,. HELP SPONSOR A PHOTO CAMPAIGN How do you like the photos tlmt are put into eadi i-ssuc of FRATER-NA these days! Would you like to sec mofo? We certasniy would if we could aftord it. btJt let’s face ib-one of the most expensive tilings about putting out an issue of FILATERIslA h having all tirosc color photas in each i.ssuc. To offset those costs snd allow more pictui^s to be added, wc are actively asking our membem to help sponsor a plioto. This was very popular a couple of years ago, but in the last 1 8-24 months, wc’vc seen a Jack of interest — prohahJy because we didnT promote it enough. Let’s rectify this! Send in your non-profit donation of .S'25.(H)-S$O.0CbSlOO.O€ today! Through your generous support, everyone will benefit! ‘I'hattk you,