Official Bulletin Of The Volume 19 #1 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Jan. - Mar. - 2006 HOYA IMPERIALIS Lindley, 1 International Hoya Association Administrative Office: 1444 East Taylor Street Vista, CA 92084 Phone: (760) 758-4290 Fax: (760) 945-8934 E-Mail: RBGdns@aol.com A Non-profit Organization Bulletin Published Quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www.international-hoya.org 2006 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officer and Editors President Vice President S ecretary /T reasurer Editor Assistant Editor & Web Administrator Advertising Manager Dale Kloppenburg Chuck Everson Ann Way man Ann Way man Torill Nyhuus Chuck Everson Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in “Fratema”, it is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. Board Dale Kloppenburg Ted Green Dr. Vic Sencindiver Carol Noel Correspondence Secretary Membership Sec’y. Slide Librarian Of Directors Rosemary Peterson William Wayman Jerry Williams Chuck Everson (Chairman) Dr. Vic Sencindiver 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven, N.J. 08008 e-mail: jsencin@att.net Jerry Williams 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Honorary Board Members Representing Europe: Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing Central Europe: Ruurd Van Donkelaar I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Exotic Plant and Hoya Group, San Diego, California. Svenska Hoya Sallskapet, Sweden. Fraterna is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at 1444 East Taylor Street, Vista, CA 92084-3308. Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members. The Boards of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or in part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Editor’s e-mail address: “Ann Wayman” Or Be sure to mention in the subject area, Fratema or IHA so your e-mail won’t be placed in a spam folder. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4-6 Page 7-8 Page 9 Page 10-11 Page 12-13 Page 14 Page 15-16 Page 17-18 Page 19 Page 20 Front Cover: Hoy a imperialis Lindley, Photo by Ted Green Declaration Table Of Contents and comments by guest editor Feature Article: Hoya imperialis Lindley By Ted Green Hoya/Eriostemma Hybrid and Varietal List The Doctor Is In By Carol Noel (This Issue) Hoya scortechinii-A New Singapore Record By Kim Yap Hoya Photo Gallery By Ann Wayman How I Got Started In Hoyas By Dale Kloppenburg More Of My Favorite Hoyas By Ann Wayman Our Advertisers Odds and Ends Back Cover: A Very Old Photo of H. imperialis Variety rauschii GUEST EDITOR: Who am I, and what am I doing here? When Ann asked for a volunteer to be “Guest Editor”, I had all kinds of ideas, so I stepped forward; completely ignoring the old Navy Adage: Never Volunteer! I have found that “Guest Editor” means “Guest Contributor” and being part of a team that produces this magazine. As with most things, this has to be a team effort if it is going to succeed.... by sharing thoughts and un- prejudiced ideas to better understand the Hoya world. For the over 35 years that I have been involved with Hoyas, there has been constant turmoil but it needn’t have been that way. Hoya growing should be an enjoyment, a pleasurable hobby, business or whatever. This turmoil can be rectified with a better understanding and sharing of knowledge and opinions, experiences and even secrets, that might be accomplished by the publication of Fratema and if my contribution as “Guest Editor/Contributor” has helped in any way, then I am glad that I volunteered to be a part of the team. ■ T. MERTZ ^ 9 2uG5 ■ I V- \f\ 'cal garden Ted Green HOYA IMPERIALIS Lindley Regal it is! Lindley, who named it and saw it flowering for the first time (in a greenhouse in England) said “ this the most noble climbing plant that I have ever seen”. ( The original plant that was sent back to England was collected in Borneo but Rintz said that this plant grows in Peninsular Malaysia, but is very rare. To show how rare. Dr. Ben Stone taught botany for 20 years at the Univer- sity of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, and when I showed a specimen at the Hawaiian Botanical Society meeting he did- n’t recognize it — and had never seen it. We now know that it is very common through northern Borneo and in the southern Philippines. If I were to make a guess about the origin of the species I would say that it was from the Southern Philip- pines for there are several forms found there — especially on the south-western island of Palawan. Hoya imperialis is a sea level plant that is found in or at the inland side of Mangrove swamps or in areas where Mangroves previ- ously grew; as where land as been reclaimed. In healthy Mangrove trees it is hard to spot imperialis growing for the leaves are very similar and look the same from 50 feet away. The flowers are harder still to see for they are borne at the tops of the trees — 30 to 40 feet up— where the light is the brightest. When growing in reclaimed areas, the vines are easily spotted for they are a good green and the small trees and brush that they grow on are gray or wilted drab colors. The flowers are very ob- vious as are the seed pods, in the dry season. A bit about the blooming H. imperialis on the front cover. In March of 2004 I collected this plant as a seed- ling on the Mananggol River in Sabah, East Malaysia. It was about 6” high, growing on a tree beside the river. When I returned home, I planted it in a 6” plastic pot and hung it in a Euphorbia bush (E. cotiniifolia) where it got about half a day sunlight. In 22 months it has grown to the top of the Euphorbia (15 ft.) and , once into the bright sun it started to produce umbels — the first 2 flowering 2 months ago. This picture is of its second flowering — with 6, that is SIX umbels, with about 24 flowers open on the first 3 umbels. I These flowers are 3” in diameter, with a thick corolla and a heavy corona of segments (that remind me of an Elk’s tooth watch fob), the color is dark red-chestnut. Other color forms or other clones can be pink/coral to green- ish white (the alba form). Incidentally, I pollinated one of the flowers with the pollinia of a nearby H. lauterbachii (and made the re- ciprocal cross) but both failed. The story of my life! CULTURE Mature, woody cuttings root easily if given moderate light and bottom heat. The best practice is to dampen the bottom several inches of the stem, dust it with a rooting hormone, shake off the excess, and under-plant it in a light mix of perlite and peat moss. Water sparingly with slightly fertilized water. When new roots and growth have started, plant into a 6-8” pot with hanger and firmly stake. I would not let the temperature get less than 60° F (15° C) or over 100°F (38° C) with good humidity. I would let the pot dry out between waterings but check for Mealy Bugs at the base of the plant and into the roots. Treat for them if they are found. I agree with Lindley, that this is one of the finest Hoyas and should be in every collection. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 4 H. imperialis with 9” seed pod and buds, growing on a scrub tree in reclaimed, hot area, north of Kota Ki- nabalu, Sabah. A King Cobra was found in this area just the week before we collected there. Photo by David Liddle H. imperialis growing on beach trees- within 50 feet of the ocean. Hard to see? The vine is in the center of the picture, in full sun. White form of H. imperialis from the east coast of- Palawan Island, Philippines — ^just north of Puerto Princesa. This was found as a small seedling grow- ing in the litter in a crotch on a Mangrove Tree. Yellowish form of H. imperialis from Palawan Island, Philippines. This may flower pinkish, sometimes. 5 ODDS AND ENDS: HOYA INCURVULA that Dale and I collected at Bada, Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it scrambles all over the bushes and small trees. Bada Valley can get very dry for a long season so all the plants might be stressed for months. Same plant? I can imagine the argument and the confusion when pieces of the same plant are offered for identifica- tion and the only things they have in common are the flowers and the venation of the leaf. The size of the vegetative parts can be very different — one twice the size of the other My plant of Hoya incurvula grows in the open and scrambles all over a Hibiscus bush so some parts are in the shade and others are in the sun. What a difference it makes! In the picture, the flowering stem on the right has 1” leaves that are nearly round and stout; whereas, those on the stem on the left are up to 2-1/2” long and 1” wide, lanceolate and thinner textured. It is also interesting that the smaller eaves are upside down on this pendant stem. H. BUOTII, from the Philippines, with 3/8” x 8” seed pods — 1 single and a double. This is one of the benefits of growing plants in the open — where there are pollinators and unfortunately ants! 6 A HOYA/ERIOSTEMMA HYBRID AND VARIETAL LIST Some years ago, Ann Wayman and Dale Kloppenburg suggested a registry and repository for Hoya hybrids and varietal names but the whole idea fell through the cracks and other priorities took over. Also, everyone was too busy to tackle the project - and believe me that it would not be an easy one. Dale and I both agree that to prove that a plant is a hybrid is a time consuming project for the plant must be self pollinated and the seedlings grown on - to show segregation. That might take 5 years or more. The paper work is easy compared to the nursery work. With all of the international interest in compiling an accurate list of Hoya hybrids and varieties, the time is now ripe to establish a hybrid list and a varietal list. Establishing a list and repository is not easily done for no rec- ognized herbarium accepts hybrid sheets except in the case of a natural putative hybrid found in the wild. As far as I can find out, no herbarium sheets have been prepared or deposited on any of the hybrids listed below. MUTANT VS HYBRID First, we must clarify a few points. Some people make the mistake that that hybrids and mutants are the same thing; far from it, they are 2 very different things and the names are not interchangeable. Mutants are the result of a genetic change that occurs spontaneously, whether by light rays, heat, chemi- cals, etc. and are shown by (obvious) changes to the growth or (hidden) by changes to the reproduction organs. Most mutations to the reproductive parts (hidden) are lethal for the plant can not reproduce and the line dies out. Changes to the growth do not depend on seed production so they carry on; as leaf variegation, leaf twisting, flower color (melanism and albinism), etc. A mutation or a series of mutations is what creates new species. Some common examples of mutants in Hoyas are: Dimples 8, Hindu Rope, variegata in H. carnosa; Fresno Beauty, Gray Ghost, variegata in H. pubicalyx; variegation in H. australis, etc.. Hybrids are the result of a sexual act between 2 species -- the pollen (male) of one flower inseminating an- other (female). This is where the pollen is placed on the stigma and the pollen tubes grow down the style and into the ovules and viable seed develops. In nature the pollination is nearly always by a pollinator (an insect or bat) but there is another theory. Dale thinks that 50% of the hoya pods are from self pollination (cleistogamy) by the pollen tubes growing from the stigma to the ovary. In horticulture, pollination is either accidental (by 2 plants in a collection growing close by and pollinated by an insect) as. Pinkie {subcalva x australis), or deliberate (by hand of a human), as Kaimuki (archboldiana x macgillivrayi). Incidentally, hybrids are scientifically listed , with an X after the genus and in front of the name; for in- stance, Hoya X Minibelle or Hoya x Sheppardell , both a cross of {carnosa x longifolia). The X immediately shows that it is a hybrid, and not a species. The X is not used in horticultural lists. Patented names vs. copywrited names. To patent a plant it must be an original and unusual form - that has not been offered in the trade, and the patent is for the plant itself and not its name and is registered with the Patent Office. To copyright means to publish a name only, not the plant. Interestingly, orchid hybrid names are the only horticulture group that calls all of the clones of a cross by the same name, as Cattleya Chocolate Drop (guttata x aurantiaca) and an outstand variety as 'Kodama'. All other hor- ticultural groups select an outstanding clone and name that, as the “Peace” Rose. In the Hoya hybrid list shown below notice that the cross of (Xsiuterbachii x coronaria) lists several hybrids, where Ed Gilding has named each outstanding clone by a different name, as Girlie, Margaret, and Monette. 7 It should be mentioned that B. L. Cobia in Winter Garden Florida, the largest grower of Hoya varieties in the U.S., has made a business out of naming varieties and copyrighting those names. HYBRID LIST (AS OF 1/1/2006, based on all of the available information Black Star (MM hybrid x ciliata) Ed Gilding hybrid Chouke {serpens x carnosa) Emile Begine hybrid Girlie {lauterbachii x coronaria) Ed Gilding hybrid Kaimuki -{archboldiana x macgillivrayi) . Michael Miyashiro hybrid Margaret {lauterbachii x coronaria) Ed Gilding hybrid Mathilde {serpens x carnosa) Emile Begine hybrid Minibelle {carnosa x longifolia) Ed Hummel hybrid MM un-named (USDA357242 x “Gold Star”) MM Hybrid Monette {lauterbachii x coronaria) Ed Gilding hybrid Pinkie {subcalva x australis), Ted Green Ruthie {ariadna x MM hybrid) Ed Gilding hybrid Sheppardell {carnosa x longifolia) Ed Hummel Un-named -{meredithii x crassicaulis) . Michael Miyashiro hybrid MUTANT LIST OF 1/1/2006, gleaned from catalogs and personal correspondence H. carnosa (all mutants) 'Cream One’, 'Dapple Gray', ‘Picta’, 'Little One’, 'Little Star’, 'Pink One’, 'Pink Frost’, 'Pixie Krinkle’, 'Quiescent', Loyce A., 'Rubra’, 'Snowball’, 'Snowflake’, 'Superba’, 'Sweet One’, variegated Tricolor, 'Verna Janette’, ‘Waffles’, 'Mona Loa’, 'Marginalis' compacta, 'Regalis’, ‘Dimples 8’, ‘Hindu Rope’and variegata, ‘Laura Lei’ Hoya pubicalyx (all mutants) 'Bright one’. Pretty one’, 'Dapple Gray’, 'Fresno Beauty’, 'Reva’, 'Pink Silver’, 'Red Buttons’, 'Chimera’, 'Silver Leaf, 'Solid Green If Hoya australis variegata Hoya bella variegata Hoya acuta variegata Centrostemma (Hoya) multiflora variegata RECOMMENDATION Undoubtedly there are many more hybrids that have not gotten into print. Michael Miyashiro contends that he has made about 40 hybrids and Ed Glding is now making new hybrids. The naming of varieties is unlimited for growers are tempted to name unusual or (in their minds) outstanding flowers or growth of hoyas. We suggest that a registry containing photographs only (no herbarium sheets) be maintained and published by IHA and the registry be “open ended” with a periodical up-date. New names and photos would be accepted from members but with no validations, judgments or comparisons. Ted Green and Dale Kloppenburg 8 THE DOCTOR IS IN By Dr. Ann, Dr. Carol, Dr. Quack, et al. The following comments are by Dr. Carol and opinions expressed are hers — even doctor’s opinions vary!. What fertilizers should I use? How often? So much depends on how you grow your hoyas. If you grow them as an indoor plant with a dormant season and a growing season, you need a different regimen than a hoya that grows and blooms all year long. If you water FREQUENTLY and have fast drain- ing soil, you may need different quantities in the water. A good rule of thumb is a com- plete fertilizer Vi strength (that is a fertilizer with a balanced NPK, and major and mi- nor nutrients) all year.. .then one with a higher middle number (say 10-60-10) from early spring to late fall), How can I get my hoyas to bloom. A balanced fertilizing program helps. Shifting them to a site where they are happier (more light, less light, more water etc.). A foliar spray with a bloom fertilizer some- times helps. Generally, all things being equal, hoyas have their own time table. ..some are slower, some are faster. Some bloom no matter what. Sometimes just changing a location will spur it on to bloom (make it happier or threaten it into survival mode). Should I add lime to my potting mix? Some say that Eriostemmas are found where the substrate (under the soil) is limestone and that lime helps. I don’t know. I don’t add it to mine... unless I remember to :>). I have been told to put crushed coral in the bottom of a pot when repotting an Eriostemma...and I think I will try it. Be sure you are adding a form of lime (calcium) that is readily available to the plant. I have been told that crushed coral is the best. Also, if your mix is very acid (a simple pH test will tell you that), you might want to add a tiny bit of dolomite. Hoyas enjoy soil that is just a smidge on the acid side.... How can I raise the humidity around the hoyas in my house? This is a tuffy!!! But solvable!! Here are some suggestions: small water feature in the middle of a grouping of hoyas. *A tray with pebbles, water in the tray up to the top of the pebbles and the hoya pot on top of the pebbles but NOT touching the water. *Spritzing them every day (or more if they are lucky) with a fine mist. It is hell on good furniture so be careful. *A good hour in a warm (NOT HOT) shower once a week.. .then leave them in the shower with the curtain closed so they can enjoy the dampness. *Small containers (slumped glass, glass, pots, etc. full of water placed very near the pots... evaporation helps here. *In my greenhouse, I have strips of old carpet we have pulled up that run down the center. When the drying winds blow, I wet the carpet when I water and. ..VOILA... humidity and the smell of wet wool. NOTE. Hoyas don’t care about the smell of wet wool! Why is rain water better than tap water for my hoyas? Tap water, in most cities, contains a great deal of chemicals (chlorine, fluoride etc.) which (some) plants simply HATE. Hoyas are not that fussy, but they do enjoy a good rain!!! If you can collect rain water to use, or use water out of a Koi Pond or water that has stood out in the open for 23-48 hours all the better. 9 Hoya scortechinii-A New Singapore Record? Text and Pictures by K.F. Yap On February 1 1, 2006, 1 received an e-mail request from Angie Ng. She wanted to know the identity of a hoya photo attached to her e-mail. She told me the picture was taken on February 10, 2006 at one of our reservoir parks. The vine was cultivated on a tree stump together with a large Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus) and many Dragon Scale Ferns (Drymoglossum piloselloides). The tree stump was sited in the grounds of the reservoir park, situated in the Central Catchment Area (CCA). The hoya turned out to be an uncommon Peninsula Malaysian (=West Malaysian) species called Hoya scortechinii. It was named by King & Gamble in 1903. Rintz (1978) recorded it as an endemic West Malaysian species and sometimes found in the lowland forests of Perak, Pahang and Johor. It was not listed in the Singapore collection (Turner, 1993). The above combo shows the shape of the leaves and close-up of the flowers. The plant from Johor, was grown in a shaded position. The veins of the leaves will turn brick-red when the plant is grown in more exposed locations. Angie brought me to the plant on February 17, 2006. It is, indeed, Hoya scortechinii. Absolutely, there is no doubt that it is!. My son-in-law, Alfred, happened by on a visit and he drove me to the park. The plant was still in flower and I managed to grab a few reasonably good shots despite the windy conditions. Two of the pictures taken on February 26, 2006 are reproduced on the next page. 10 The leaf veins shown here are brick-red, as the vine was growing in an exposed position at the reservoir park. The pretty pink flowers are small, only 8mm in diameter. The flowering umbels are carried horizontally on the peduncles. They are not positioned erect as shown in the combination picture. The unusual branching, brick-red veination is characteristic for the species. I believe it was planted there by someone working for the Nparks. Who is this person and where did he find the plant? Was the vine collected from the CCA forest nearby? I would very much like to get in touch with this Nparks personnel. What will be the significance to our biodiversity if it turns out to be a native of Singapore It means: (1) it becomes the 5th living Hoya species in Singapore. (2) it is a new record for Singapore and (3) it will become the 1 1th Hoya species recorded for Singapore. This is heartening indeed! Thank you so much Angie for bringing it to my attention. Now we will wait patiently for a confirmation from the Nparks. References: Rintz, R.E. (1978). The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya (Asclepiadaceae). Malay. Nat. gentlemen. 30 (3/4): pp. 511 & 512. Turner, I.M. (1993). The Names Used for Singapore Plants Since 1900. 45 (1): pp 43 & 44. The Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore National Parks Board, Singapore. K.F. Yap, March 01, 2006 e-mail: kfyap@singnet.com. sg 11 PHOTO GALLERY DESCRIPTIONS Top Row Left to Right H. sp. Kunming Kina: (I assume from Kunming, China). A spectacular new species with very long, slender, dark green leaves. This plant has not been published yet to my knowledge. The half inch flowers are sparkling, sugar white with a yellow center. The leaves are so thick, they can easily be classified as succulent. It’s an easy bloomer and thrives under the same care as H. camosa. (Photo by Carol Noel) H. plicata: An old species. This one has been around for many years. Due to the ease with which it blooms and the unusual flowers (olive green petals with dark, rose red and yellow corona), it will always remain a favorite of all who grow it. The 3 inch long leaves are dark, blackish green, with indentations similar to the H. lacunosa species. Never fussy about the potting mix that is used. It grows happily year after year and blooms reliably as long as it receives sufficient light. (Photo by Ann Wayman) Center Row Left to Right H. bordenii: An impressive species from the Philippines, with very long, beautifully veined, medium green leaves. The flowers are long lasting have mustard colored petals with light rose red radiating down the center. The corona is a deep shade of pomegranate red. A very easy plant to grow. Unlike some of the Philippine species, the individual flowers last up to ten days. Through the years, the name bordenii has been attached to at least a half dozen different hoya species. The determination of this particular plant as this species, appears to be correct. (Photo by Ann Wayman) H. chuniana: Originally named H. reticulata by Schlechter, this plant had to be renamed when it was found that two other species had the same name. At first, named H. chunii by P.T. Lei, the name was later changed again when it was pointed out that the u ending on a species name (pronouced d in Latin), denotes the collector of a plant. When a species is named “in honor of’ it normally has the iana ending. I recently received an e-mail sent by David Liddle who has determined that this plant is actually H. hellwigiana, and sent a photo of the plant he believes is the species that Dr. Schlechter based his H. reticulata on. They look very similar, both are beautiful. As soon as we can get some flowers from David’s plant, we can proceed with further study on it. (Photo by Christina Karlsson) Bottom Row Left to Right H. wightii: This species has been known of for many years, but not much has been known about it. It appears to have been collected in India by Robert Wight. It was published in 1 883 by J.D. Hooker. If this photo is of the species by this name, it is truly one of the real beauties of the hoya world. I don’t own this plant, so I know nothing about its care and culture. The plant was photographed and sent to me by Christina Karlsson of Sweden, where they grow and can bloom some of the most beautiful hoyas available. (Photo by Christina Karlsson) H. onychoides: There isn’t enough superlatives in the English language to describe this species. It has everything! The foliage is beautiful. The flowers are spectacular, The fragrance is heavenly. On top of all that, it is extremely easy to grow and flowers fairly easily with lots of bright light and a nice warm growing area. I believe this species is found strictly in Australia but as intensive collecting goes on, it may crop up elsewhere. (Photo by Christina Karlsson) Gallery Descriptions by Ann Wayman 12 13 How I Got Started In Hoyas By Dale Kloppenburg (An interview by Ted Green) I really don’t know the exact year that I became interested in hoyas but it was probably 30 years ago. Actually I purchased my first hoya (Hoya bella) from the Rod McClelland Orchid Nursery in South San Francisco, California in 1973. The reason is probably evolution. From hobbies of tropical fish to orchids to hoyas. From the very beginning, and because of my biological training (genetics and crop science) I was interested in the scientific side of Hoyas. I have been able to travel and collect plants in the Philippines, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa and Malaysia. Sleeping and eating in crummy but interesting places. The late Professor Juan Pancho in 1981 advised me to first concentrate on the Philippine hoya species and then expand my studies to other areas. I spent a month at the National Herbarium in Manila and the Herbarium at the University of the Philippines at Los Banos with my microscope and camera attachment. Of great interest to me, was the large number of unidentified sheets at the various herbaria. I have also studied the Herbarium material at the herbarium of UC Berkeley (where many Philippine sheets are stored), Bogor, Universiti Pertanian, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.. What interests me most about hoyas is the vast diversity, the genetic differences and their possible evolutionary significance. I believe that the microscope is extremely important in determining species especially where the pollinarium is concerned. It remains intact and in great condition, even on herbarium sheets dating from 1920. It is difficult maintaining my collection here in Fresno. Expensive heating and cooling bills are becoming an important deterrent. Although the temperature can easily reach 105 degrees F. in the summer, it can just as easily drop to 25 degrees F. in the winter, with many dismal days below 40 degrees F. Because of my field work with crop genetics, I believe that many clones of species must be grown in quantity (as the entire contents of a seed pod) to see the variation within that particular species. I have done this in the past with H. pubicalyx, H. camosa, and H. motoskei, and a few others. I have been limited by available pods, time and the greenhouse space to do this. I am of the opinion that we have collected and identified less than 1% of the wild hoya species. I would estimate that there are over 2000 species. I feel it is important to continue to collect and study hoyas growing in the wild, and to determine where collectors and botanists do their collecting. This aspect is getting better as the collectors of today have cast off the secrecy shrouding the collecting areas that overwhelmed the botanical community in the past. In taxonomy all facets of a plant are important to proper identification. In addition to the floral parts, the foliage venation, natural growth habits and growth preferences, elevation and habitat are key observations that must Ido recognized and assessed. It has been inferred in the past that New Guinea is the center of hoya origins, but this may only be due to Dr. Schlechter’s extensive work there in the 1 900 ’s. I believe we have too little data yet to draw any firm conclusions on evolutionary distributions of this genus. What constitutes a species is fraught with controversy. There will always be an on-going argument about species since we know so little of specie variations. Controversy in this regard can only be good as it stimulates thought and further study of this genus. I have been asked about hoya prices. Are they right?, justified?, too cheap?, or too expensive?. My personal opinion is that this is a matter of free market forces and should command any price the seller believes is justified. Certainly new and different material will command a higher price than more common species. I certainly do not believe hoyas are an endangered genus, in fact some forest destruction actually encourage these species as they tend to be “Gap Plants”, and I don’t feel that they should be under CITES control. I am not getting any younger (85 now) so all my hoya data, photos, and literature have been donated to the repositories of the University of California at Berkely. I believe I have the largest collection of hoya literature in existence, so that it is now, and will be in the future available to anyone interested in the genus. I firmly believe knowledge should not be hoarded but an open source so the progression of this knowledge can proceed at a faster pace. I have named 48 species so far but that is a drop in the bucket compared to all of these handsome plants just waiting to be discovered. Each one a new species!. Dale Kloppenburg 14 More Of My Favorite Hoyas Text and Photo’s by Ann Wayman Of all of the hoyas I have ever grown and bloomed, a beautifiil plant that I acquired as H. incurvula a few years ago, has proven to be the best all around grower as far as growing to be a full, bushy plant with lots of lush, green foliage. That’s not the end of the story! It will grow in almost any kind of fast draining potting mix and has few if any bugs. After 18 months of fast growth, this year, 2006, it decided to reward me with a display of blooms like I have never seen before. About the same time, I got word from Dale Kloppenburg that the plant was not H. incurvula but was instead H. brevialata. By whatever name, it is a gorgeous plant and probably the best blooming of all the hoyas I have ever owned. Each umbel consisted of 12 to 14 quarter inch, dark pink flowers with a cranberry red corona, a picture can tell the rest of this story. H. brevialata Another recent favorite is the adorable little plant with the “tongue tangling” name of H. kanyakumariana. This plant was received as a surprise gift from a dear friend because I had another plant by this name that turned out to be a Dischidia. The thrill of finally owning this plant was beyond description. The foliage is tiny, medium gray/green, about the size of a dime, with lacy crinkled edges. The entire plant is small but even though the stories were going around that it would be several years before it got big enough to make a nice sized plant and form flower umbels, it put out peduncles within about 12 months from a cutting. These peduncles had tiny little flower buds forming that dried up and dropped off but lo and behold! within a month, there were flower buds forming again on 4 umbels, and this time they continued to get bigger and finally opened. It took almost 2 months for them to open, and I really expected them to blast and fall off.they didn’t! This plant may be the easiest to root and grow in the hoya family. The amount of blooms that it forms, all depends on the amount of light that they receive. They don’t like direct sunlight even for a short time. The leaves will bleach out and look very unhealthy. Choose a well lighted area (no direct sun), a fast draining potting mix, feed with a balanced fertilizer at half strength with every other watering, then sit back and enjoy the flower show. -> 15 How about another favorite? H. thomsonii for instance. Through the years, this species has been in my collection at least 4 times. Each time it either rotted, succumbed to mealie bug infestation or sat doing absolutely nothing until I got fed up and dumped it in the trash. About 4 years ago the time seemed about right to try it again. As a joke, I ordered 4 pounds of it and received 4 cuttings. Every single one of them rooted and grew like wildfire. This species is a very pretty plant with small, very fuzzy, elliptic leaves, even the stems are fuzzy. It doesn’t branch much but their are specimens around that have been pruned drastically and do branch very nicely. When my 3 plants started forming peduncles last summer, I felt sure they would bloom soon. However they decided to sit for another full year with Just bare peduncles. .No flower buds. In February of this past year flower buds began to form. Big disappointment! they all dried up and fell off. By the middle of March, they were all full of buds again, and this time, one single plant decided to show me its flowers. There were 8 umbels of 6 to 8 flowers to the umbel. The wonderful fragrance of these flowers is unsurpassed unless it would be by the H. macgillivrayii or H. archboldiana group. All of these plants are doing well so far and I’m optimistic that this time they will continue to grow and bloom. Top photo by Ann Wayman. Open flower photo by Christina Karlsson. One more for this session H. tomataensis This plant was received last summer (2005) as a large rooted plant with just the label H. species from Sulawesi. It had flowers on it when it arrived, however they didn’t take well to the shipping process and dried up and fell off before morning. Really early this year (about February) this plant began to form peduncles by the dozens. It has bloomed non-stop for almost 2 months with up to 13 flower umbels open at once and more peduncles forming all the time. One fly in the ointment.. they only last a few days (four at most), but new flowers are constantly opening, so it is a persistent bloomer. The flowers are small but with many to the umbel. This species has a lovely, light spice fragrance. The pretty, light pink flowers with darker pink corona has captured my heart. This photo was taken with my digital camera and the close-ups of the flowers are still in my Olympus camera to be developed. 16 ALOHA MOYAS Specializing in healthy, well grown Hoyas (as well as a good selection of Dischidia) Grown in Hawaii We are certified by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to ship to all 50 states See us online at: www.bigislandgrowers.com/AH.htm Email: carol@bigislandgrowers.com Mail: Aloha Hoyas ^hone: (808) 982-6843 P O. Box 1 359 Keaau, HI 96749 EMAIL GREENT010@HAWAII.RR.COM WEB ADDRESS - WWW.RARE-HOYAS.COM WE HAVE INTRODUCED OVER 1/3 OF ALL OF THE HOYAS NOW IN THE TRADE, WITH NEW ONES NEARLY EVERY YEAR. WE NO LONGER PUBLISH A PRINTED CATALOG BUT TAKE A LOOK AT OUR CATALOG ON OUR WEB SITE - IT’S BIGGER, BETTER AND FULL OF COLOR. 17 A new way of culture without soil... For the tropical plant lover! Originaf y\rt C]3'^ (Hand Crafted) To Order Call (541) 474-7937 (541) 664-6808 E-Mail Orders to: In My Garden cardsbydia(^aol.com How would you like to get the optimal growing conditions with the minimal care? Concepts Lecault We have a simple solution for busy people; Our way of culture is hypoallergenic, healthy, clean, reusable indefinitely and recyclable. Easy and ecological 3.5 in. starter kit. Ideal size for hoya cuttings! ■ Plants use only the quantity of water they need. ■ Saves you time on watering and feeding. ■ No pests or root sickness related to soil. ■ Purifies the air in homes, offices, etc. ■ You only add water when the indicator is down, which takes approximately 3 weeks! Order by mail, by fax or directly on the web site. Sorry, PHONE ORDERS ARE NOT AVAILABLE! We accept: Visa, Master Card, Amex or International money order (pink slip) P.O. Box 1038, Mirabel, Qc, J7J 1A1, Canada Tel: 514.906.7908 Fax: 514.906.7809 Made in Quebec, Canada www.conceptslecault.com Sets Include 16 Letter Cards Of 4 Enchanting Scenes. 8 1/2” x 1 1” Scored Letter Cards, Perfect for Easy Computer Printing Or That Special Handwritten Correspondence. Matched Envelopes Included. $24.95 Per Set Plus Shipping Childhood Bouquets Enchantments ‘Jitter Qard Stationery Natures Delights Wildflower Fires 18 ODDS & ENDS ANJMPORTANT^OTICE The rules are very simple; A) Decide if you want a 14 page ad ($25.00 per issue), a 14 page ad ($50.00 per issue), or a full page ad ($100.00 per issue). GOOD NEWS! Your ad can be in hill color. No Extra Charge! B) Place your camera ready ad copy, PDF format, (via the internet if possible) directly to Ann Wayman at hoyaannie@aol.com or hoochymama007@hotmail.com or U.S. mail: Ann Wayman, 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point Oregon, 97502. Please allow plenty of time to get the ad ready for insertion. C) Payment: The IHA accepts: Checks, cash. Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal (PayPal account name is under hoochymama007@hotmail.com D) Please include payment when you place your ad and monitor your ad expiration date, as your ad will not be included in an issue if payment has not been made. All current members renewing your membership for a 3 year period, and all new members joining for a period of 3 years will earn a boxed set of 12, beautifully embossed 8 ‘A by 11 inch handcrafted, half fold note cards with matching envelopes. Each of these cards were individually designed by Ann Wayman and display a gorgeous hoya photo from Ann’s private photo collection including some beautiful prints by Ted Green. Each one is different, each one is exquisite! In order to give everyone a chance to earn a set of these beautiful cards FREE, with postage paid, this offer will be extended for the remainder of 2005, through 2006. For those not wishing to take advantage of the 3 year membership offer, these cards are available for sale at US $25.00 per set, sent via media mail, postage paid. All foreign orders will be shipped surface mail postage paid, unless airmail is specified, in which case their will be an $8.00 postage charge. E) Deadline for 1st. quarter 2006 is January 3 1 , 2006. Magazine due out the middle of March. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE We now have back issues available. Years 1996-1999, 2000-2003 and 2004-2005. Each set of years is in a very nice Avery binder with a beautiful 8X10 full color Floya photo on the cover. The 4 year sets are $80.00 per set, postpaid anywhere in the U.S. The 2 year set is $40.00 postpaid in the U.S. Overseas orders, please check with us for postage rates. We have now added 4 more sets of cards with all new photos, making 6 sets total. The free offer cards will be sent out on a random basis with no choice as to photos in the sets, however we are almost certain that no one will be unhappy with our selection. Soon there will be a catalog out featuring thumbnail composites of the photo’s available. All proceeds, except for actual cost of production is being donated to “The International Hoya Association”. We hope to have ALL issues available very soon, beginning with the years April, 1988 through 2005. Watch for an announcement in this section of Fratema. For information on these offers, contact Ann Wayman or Jerry Williams. Addresses on masthead, page 2. 19 Official Bulletin Of The Volume 19 #2 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Apr.— June 2006 HOYA VANUATUENSIS Green 2 International Hoya Association Administrative Office: 4057 Carlton Avenue Central Point, Oregon 97502-1749 Phone: (541) 664-6808 E-Mail: hoyaannie@aol.com A Non-profit Organization Bulletin Published Quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www.international-hoya.org 2006 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officer and Editors President Vice President Secretary/T reasurer Editor Web Administrator Advertising Manager Dale Kloppenburg Chuck Everson Ann Wayman Arm Wayman Aloha Hoyas Team Chuck Everson Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Ted Green Dr. Vic Sencindiver Carol Noel Rosemary Peterson William Wayman Jerry Williams Chuck Everson (Chairman) Correspondence Secretary e-mail: jsencin@att.net Membership Sec’y. Slide Librarian e-mail : Grwche@aol . com Dr. Vic Sencindiver 908 S. Beach Ave. Beach Haven, N.J. 08008 Jerry Williams 1444 E. Taylor St. Vista, CA 92084 Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in “Fratema”, it is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. “Fraterna” is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point, OR 97502-1749 Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members. The Boards of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or in part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Honorary Board Members Representing Europe: Eva- Karin Wiberg Representing Central Europe: Ruurd Van Donkelaar In charge of renewal notices Sandra Cook In charge of hybrid registry Tamalla Frank Editor’s e-mail address: “Ann Wayman” Or Be sure to mention in the subject area, Fratema or IHA so your e-mail won’t be placed in a spam folder. I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Exotic Plant and Hoya Group, San Diego, California. Svenska Hoya Sallskapet, Sweden. LUESTER T. MERTZ LIBRARY AUG 1 1 2006 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4-6 Page 7 Page 8-10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15-16 Page 17-18 Page 19 Page 20 Front Cover: Hoya vanuatuensis Green, Photo by Ted Green Declaration/Masthead Table of Contents and comments by Guest Editor Feature Article: Hoya vanuatuensis, a New/Old Species (by Ted Green) The Doctor Is In (This Issue, Dr. Ted Green) Hoyas In Holland by Gerbrand Caspers Paul Shirley Nursery (Photos by Gerbrand Caspers) Photo Gallery Descriptions (by Ann Wayman) Hoya Photo Gallery (Photo Layout by Ann Wayman) Making Minigreenhouses (By Carol Noel) A Love/Hate Relationship With Certain Hoyas (by Ann Wayman) Our Advertisers Odds and Ends Back Cover (This Issue, Hoya Gigas Schlechter) Guest Editor Who am I and what am I doing here? When Ann asked for a volunteer to be “Guest Editor” of Fratema, I had all kinds of ideas so I stepped forward, completely ignoring the old Navy adage: Never Volunteer! I have found that “Guest Editor” means “Guest Contributor” and being part of a team that produces this magazine. As with most things, this has to be a team effort if it is to succeed, by sharing thoughts and unprejudiced ideas to better understand the hoya world. For the “over” 35 years that I have been involved with hoyas, there has been constant turmoil but it needn’t have been that way. Hoya growing should be an enjoyment, a pleasurable hobby, business or whatever. This turmoil can be rectified with a better understanding and sharing of knowledge, opinions, experiences and Yes, even secrets. That might be accomplished by the publication of Fratema and if my contribution as “Guest Editor/Contributor” has helped in any way. I am glad that I volunteered to be a part of the team. Ted Green 3 Hoya vanuatensis, Green sp. nova Asclepiadaceae Type: From horticulture. Original collection, Efate, Vanuatu, at sea level. Common at sea level to 500 feet on most islands of Vanuatu. Serambling over and within the shade of shrubs and trees. This collection was a cutting from the largest Hoya plant I have ever seen, filling the inside of a large Banyan Tree {Ficus sp.) Collection TG 76148 (7/28/76) and under cultivation to the present (6/1/06). BISH 721207 Latin analysis: Hoya vanuatuensis sp. Nova Typus 721207 (BISH) hie disignatus, similis Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg sed folds ovatis, apice acutiset floribus magnioribus cum pollinari translatora peranguste non deltoides, differt. English analysis; Hoya vanuatuensis, new species, Typus 721207 (BISH) here designated, similar to Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg but different, leaves ovate, apex acute and flowers larger with the translator of the pollinarium very narrow, not deltoid. An understory, tropical vine with slender stems, rooting at the nodes; opposite, paired, simple, ovate leaves with cuneate base and acute tip, pinnate venation, both surfaces bald and shiny; peduncle persistent, borne at the node and right angle to and between the petioles, bearing 3-16, pale yellow and green flowers in a dorso- ventrally flattened umbel; milky white sap. Flowers last 7 days, very slightly fragrant; umbels last 14-21 days. Leaves: Petiole; Peduncle: Pedicels; Umbel; Corolla: Corona: Calyx diameter: Pollinarium: Color of flower: Follicle: Etymology; Ovate, cuneate base, acute tip, 3 -4cm wide x 4-8cm long, both surfaces bald 2cm long x 2mm in diameter 2-3 cm long x 2mm in diameter Unequal, 3mm to 2cm long x 1mm in diameter Positively geotropic 17mm in diameter, lobes 5, triangular-ovate with acute tip 7mm in diameter, lobes 5, inner tips bluntly acute, top with prominent dip 6mm in diameter, lobes 5, 1mm long pollinia 0.5mm, retinaculum 0.08, translator 0.09mm Pale green corolla and pale yellow corona Not seen. Named after Vanuatu, the South Pacific country where it is endemic. Note: This species was confused with and called the Vanuatu form of the Fijian Hoya diptera Seeman, for 30 years. It was used as the comparator in the analysis of Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg, of Sarawak. Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 4 Microphotograph of pollinarium by Dale Kloppenburg Growth, umbel and peduncle by Ted Green 5 Hoya diptera versus Hoya vanuatuensis Many times when collecting hoyas in the wild, desires and expectations also go wild. I am guilty of wanting the newly found hoya to be a certain thing and calling it that, even for 30 years. My big mistake and very un-scientific! That is the case with Hoya vanuatuensis. When I collected a medium, small leafed hoya in Vanuatu, the New Hebrides Islands in 1976. 1 thought that it should be a form of H. Diptera Seemann. At that time I had not been to Fiji and seen the real H. Diptera growing wild. I was overwhelmed by the size of the plant for it filled the inside of a giant Banyan Tree and the vine was at least 35 feet wide and the ends of the branches hung down 1 0 to 1 5 feet. It was those hanging tips that were in flower. No one ever challenged the name, so it stuck, even when a good comparison showed them to be different in more than the 2 ways that I consider sufficient for the creation of a new species. I do not consider color to be one of them. With an unaided eye, one can see that the flowers are quite similar but the leaves are differently shaped and of a different thickness, also under a microscope the pollinaria are different. Look at this picture of the leaves ( H. Diptera on the left and H. Vanuatuensis on the right: The moral of the story is “Do your homework “ then re-check it the next morning, not 30 years later Ted Green Green: Plant Research Kaaawa, Hawaii 6 The Doctor Is In By Dr. Ann, Dr. Carol, Dr. Ted Quack et al The following comments are by the medical staff: Q: I have just received an unrooted cutting, how do I know which end to put in the rooting medium? A: Look at the point where the leaves start at the node. Above a petiole (stem of the leaf), is a swollen spot that that can grow into a new stem. That end should be up. Another hint is if there are roots at the bottom of the node, that end should be down. Q: I have a cutting that was rooted upside down, as shown by the new shoot that has curved up , trying to right itself Will this growth be OK, or will it be stunted or crooked from now on? A: That new growth will only be a temporary problem, for as the plant gets bigger, it will right itself Another suggestion is to repot the cutting with the node and a bit of the top stem buried horizontally, and your new roots will form with the proper orientation. Q: What is the pretty leafed Hoya shown with the stethoscope (on this page)? A: That is Hoya waymaniae with the characteristic reddish leaves it developes when grown in very bright light. Very strange, for this species is found in shady areas in the forest, yet it loves it under bright light. Q: How long should it take for cuttings to root? A: It depends. I have had good roots develop within a week of collection, when they are in a large plastic bag and with low light of a hotel room... no media, no hormones. On the other hand, we are just now seeing good roots and growth on H. Megalantha, 7 weeks after collection. Normally, good roots are developed within 2 weeks of striking them in a rooting medium (with hormone treatment). Q: Why are the names changed so much? Who can I believe will give me the correct name? A: Botanists are continually reviewing the species and if a mistake in identification shows up they change the name (species or genus) to match the new determination. Basically it is a matter of personal interpretation of the original descriptions and what the author meant and this is extremely hard for many of the descriptions and herbarium sheets are lousy. Some of the old herbarium sheets are nothing more than a stick, no leaves, no flowers and the descriptions lack some of the most necessary characteristics such as venation (vein pattern), or sap color, then of course they didn’t have the high powered microscopes that we now have, so their flower descriptions were primarily what they could see with the naked eye. As for whom to believe, let the label show all of the names and numbers that it was acquired under for eventually it may come back to the original name. Q: What’s wrong, just above the planting medium, there are cracks and vertical splits at the base of the stems and it’s beginning to look like cork? A: Sounds like nematode damage to me and since there is no safe/sure cure for nematodes, I would start the plant over by making cuttings. These should be taken from well above the damaged area. Do not use the same container or potting material to replant the cuttings. It’s best to destroy the old pot and planting medium. Q: I have a small plant that has been sitting for 6 months with no new growth,. Alive but that’s all. I have treated it like all the rest of my Hoyas, talked to it, played soothing music to it but no luck. Can you suggest some dynamite to get it going? A: The dynamite is called “Super Thrive”, a concentrated mixture of hormones and vitamins that is sold in most garden shops. Since it is a concentrate, use sparingly, a couple of drops to a cup of warm water. Spray the leaves and stems a couple of times a week, then step back for it works wonders! Q: I have found Mealy Bugs among the roots of my Hoya. How can I get rid of them? A: Drench the pot with the same insecticide you use on the plant. OR, though it’s not legal for use on plants, push a Para moth ball into the soil, the fumes will kill them. 7 Hoyas in Holland Notes from a Hoya Novice I only knew hoyas from the very weird flowering and fragrant plant hanging on the porch of our friends. We spend many summer evenings relaxing on that porch!. I liked the scent of hoyas a lot, but others, including the owners, disliked the “overdone” magnitude. However, this large plant was raised from a cutting that was taken from a plant that was in memory retraceable to the beginning of the last century and thus to at least the owners grandparents, who where bom well before the turn of that century. Some pedigree ! Like the sweet smell of cows (and what they produce) in a spring meadow, which always brings to me very happy childhood memories because I literally grew up at our neighbors farm. The happy associations with the smell of a flowering hoya may lay somewhere in my early childhood, as I was bom in the tropics of West Africa. As so often happens, my hoya affairs started when I was given (some 2 years ago) a nicely rooted little plant of that same Hoya carnosa for my birthday by my friends. Last year I bought my first greenhouse (yes, hopelessly too small, and from day 1 dreaming of bigger) and there the little plant in the next (warm) summer exploded into growth, sending out its trailers in all directions and trying to reach for everything growing in its vicinity. How remarkable! In the meantime I was trying to find out what was the fun of having a greenhouse in the first place. Through the carnosa plant my interest in the field of epiphytic plants was awakened. I started to read, and through the unequaled possibilities of the internet, I was soon getting involved in this (to me) entirely new world. To cut the story short, the path went from Tomatoes, African Violets to Holiday Cacti, the Rhipsalis and Lepsimium families through epiphyllums to hoyas. Most other plants I recently sold or gave away. Some dear ones were kept to hang out on our porch in summer. The hoya world for me is probably the most intriguing one. I tried to get ahold of what there is written in bookform and scavenged the Internet. On the matter of writings in bookform, I found Rainbow Gardens Book Shop, of course, but there is not all that much written and worse, most of the books are not available. I ordered (through Ann Wayman) Dale Kloppenburg’s books and some years of back issues of Fratema and joined the “International Hoya Association”. In the meanwhile I roamed the province of Friesland in the North of the Netherlands for hoya plants. The garden Centers sometimes offering some popular hoyas (grown by the tens of thousands to make a small profit) like Hoya bella, Hoya linearis, and Hoya carnosa ‘Krinkle 5 '. You have to search very hard to find any others. Sometimes there are suddenly some special ones offered. The reason, Paul Shirley explained to me only recently (see below). ‘ I think most collectors and enthusiasts started this way. I am familiar with every hoya displayed in the windows from most of the houses in a 1 0 mile radius from my home ( and I addressed many a complete stranger about this, not having once encountered a negative response and often resulting in a happily given cutting). Most of the surrounding hoyas appeared to be Hoya carnosa and pubicalyx varieties, but what a difference in clones I found! The owners were in almost all cases elderly people who had old family ties and dear memories for their particular plant. I learned that once upon a time these plants were very popular in the Netherlands. Hoyas are very much out of fashion today. During the first half of the last century, Christmas, Easter cacti and older Epiphyllum hybrids (mainly Ackermanii and Deutsche Kaiserin) were equally dear house plants in most homes, cared for and enjoyed when in bloom and kept in a cool place and in rest during the rest of the year. Cuttings were happily made for children, relatives and friends. My grandmothers traditions. Today Holiday cacti have become 8 throw away articles, cheaper than a bunch of flowers, to dispose of after bloom. Rhipsalis in the Netherlands are fashion plants mass produced to be put in pairs in designer pots in window displays. They will soon be replaced by others or any other profitable and easy to produce plant product. There are not many Epiphyllum enthusiasts in the Netherlands, not like in the U.S. I know of only a few collectors over here. Hoyas as houseplants are completely out of fashion. Which is strange because in all of Scandinavia hoyas are “hot” (very popular). Although very rewarding and adding to my experience and knowledge after this phase I wanted to move on. My hoya experience and collecting was not getting very much from ground level except for the above mentioned species and many Hoya carnosa clones living on my shelves. A real big Hoya calycina which was out of bloom and on its way to the garbage bin (!) in our local Garden Center (I got it for free) and a vigorously growing H. australis plant were the only additions. I realized that seeing and knowing what others had, I had to follow another path. Lately I found an H. Thompsonii which was unsold in a shop for 4 years and a lost H. densifolia in a local Do it Yourself (?) store. Through the Internet I had found Paul Shirley in Boskoop in the Netherlands. I had already bought some Epiphyllum and Ceropegia cuttings from him. Now I ordered some “Hoya collections” composed by him, a beginners collection and a fragrant collection consisting of 4-5 different cuttings. I did not know where to begin seeing so many different hoyas on his website shop and wanted to start off my new found world controlled and with some “structure” although not very certain about how to accomplish this and with what structure. Should I get the easy growing hoyas first, because of the learning process? Or the most available ones, the easy flowering ones or those with beautiful leaves? The visit to Paul cleared up a lot of things. As did my Internet research. How was it possible that Scandinavian women and housewives grew huge collections of hoyas, writing about them in detail, building websites around them and sharing their knowledge (and cuttings) gladly and happily with others and at the same time there are so little books on Hoya. And why can I not explain the popular/unpopular differences in other parts of Europe. What I do know is that when you start with hoyas, very soon you want to have, maybe not all, but more. Sweden has its own Hoya Society, (2 in fact) and writing and sharing your enthusiasm will create more followers and believers I am convinced— something like the hoya gospel!. Hoyas are a relatively carefree and easy to propagate plant, with spectacular tropical flowers, stunningly beautiful foliage and heavenly perfumes. I also think the new growth on a hoya has “something” different and special from the other plants I grow. At least I think so, but maybe I am overdoing it a bit. MY VISIT TO PAUL SHIRLEY MAY 13. 2006 I made the appointment with Paul, after finding his Internet website and shop (see below for address). I made the 2 hour drive from my home in the Northern part of the Netherlands and met him on a nice Sunday afternoon in Boskoop. Paul (after finishing his horticultiral education and training in England in 1952) worked in this field of business in the famous growing area of the “Westland” in the Netherlands from the 1960’s and has had his private growing facilities for a very long time. After my arrival he first showed me his collection of about 500 different Epiphyllums, many now flowering in an adjacent greenhouse. Here too he grows lots of special Impatiens and several other families of plants. The flowering Epiphyllums made a fantastic colorful display, with all colors you could think of except— blue. Big ones, even bigger ones and huge sized flowers. 9 We then went to see his hoya greenhouse. Some 700 plants of 180 different varieties of hoyas and hoya clones growing and wafting scent like a rainforest from hanging pots and wall-to-wall, large reliable plant tables kept year round at a minimum of 20°C (68°F). Paul told me in the beginning he had started his hoya collection with part of the former collection of Ruurd van Donkelaar, the Dutch collector and hoya researcher. The main body of this former “van Donkelaar Hoya collection” now being part of the plants collection is now at the University of Leiden’s world famous Hortus Botanicus (founded in 1594!) where the research on these hoyas by Ruurd van Donkelaar and others is still in progress. Many hoyas in Paul’s collection carry only special code numbers that were started by Van Donkelaar. Paul told me that he has been on a collecting trip with Ted Green and others to Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes. After being at several other locations Paul now houses his collection near his hometown of Boskoop, the epicenter for growers of trees, shrubs, garden plants etc.. Where you can see a landscape of greenhouses, fields and lots of canals from horizon to horizon, mile after mile. In Paul’s vast collections he also grows other epiphytic and succulent plants, such as dischidia, stapeliads , rhipsalis and ceropegias. Among his hoyas from wall to wall and from A to Z, he proudly showed me H. Imbricata which he said he managed to understand and propagate. One of the strangest and not the easiest of hoyas to propagate. Knowing most of the professional, wholesale hoya growers, Paul told me that some of them were also hoya enthusiasts sometimes growing a lesser known species in smaller quantities along with the many thousands of Hoya bella (the most popular hoya in the Netherlands) and putting these up for auctions and markets too. This being the reason why you sometimes can suddenly find a lesser known hoya like my Hoya calycina and Hoya thompsonii in Garden Centers or local plant markets. Paul is to be found 3 days a week in his greenhouse, watering and making ready the deliveries of international orders for cuttings and shipping them all over the world. Paul said “I am very sorry to have to work for a boss the other part the week because I really cannot afford the time with all the care and work these plants and the shop demand— but maybe in the future—”. Going once more through the densely populated hoya forest together, we made a nice selection of some 40 different fresh hoya cuttings to start off my own collection. Most of the taken specimens were easily divided in 2, 3 or 4 cuttings each and very reasonably priced. After making notes of all the hoya wisdom Paul gave to my many questions on a Sunday afternoon, we shook hands and I promised to return after my newly acquired treasures have grown into flowering plants and my wife has allowed me to take another part of our garden to enlarge my greenhouse. To visit Paul Shirley: Paul Shirley, Julianastraat 16, 2771 DX Boskoop, Netherlands phone: (++31)(0)172 462480 fax: (++31)(0)172 462651 E-mail: paul(^paulshirleysucculents.nl Article By: Gerbrand Caspers Netherlands Note: Our author was too shy to allow us to run a photo of him but pictured on the next page is Paul Shirley, hard at work and in deep thought at his nursery in Boskoop, Netherlands. The Editor 10 Paul Shirley Nursery 11 * ~ ■ PHOTO GALLERY DESCRIPTIONS >■ Top Row Left to Right H. Pubicalyx Merrill cv. Chimera: Registered in Fratema back in the 1990’s, it is now also known as Hawaiian Royal Purple. This is one of the flashiest and most beautiful of all the hoyas. It has everything! from gorgeous foliage with green, pink, purple and sometimes even brown and white splashes, to the most beautiful flowers in all the hoya genus. The flowers are quite large and can and often do have the same splashed pattern of colors that are displayed on the leaves, with a white fuzzy halo around each petal. Since it is a mutant plant with an odd chromosome count, many of the flowers will often have only 4 calyx lobes, 4 petals and 4 coronal lobes. (Photo by Ann Wayman) H. Mindorensis Schlechter Another red flowered hoya from the Philippines, and a real beauty! These flowers can be almost any shade of red from very dark rose/pink to purple to tomato red (There is even a white version with a bright red center). Each petal is lined with small prickly projections that resemble tiny icicles. Nice, lush green foliage that can turn reddish in bright light. And a plus in the hoya genus, the leaves are spaced very close together making a full and beautiful basket plant. This species is also one of the best bloomers. It blooms as a very young plant and if conditions are right, will continue to bloom reliably year after year in the early spring to late fall. Alas! I have never detected a fragrance from this species, though I have made the trip to the greenhouse many times in the late evening and early morning hours just to stick my nose into the flowers. (Photo by Monina Siar) Center Row Left to Right H. Macgillivrayi F.M. Bailey: Unlike the beautiful red species described above, Hoya macgillivrayi has one of the most enchanting fragrances in all of the hoya world. With individual flowers that can be 2 1/2” to 3” across and up to 8 flowers per umbel, this species can be a startling sight to those accustomed to seeing Vz flowers. And that’s not all, the different clones available to us can be any color from pink to light red, dark cranberry red, light purple, dark purple and all shades in-between. The foliage is neat and clean looking with many shades of green from medium olive green to very dark, almost black green. If it has a shortcoming at all, it’s that the nodes with the leaves are quite far apart. (Photo by Ted Green) H. Lamingtoniae Bailey. Getting into the smaller flowered red hoyas, we mustn’t leave out this pretty species from Papua New Guinea. This species was sold merely as PNG-4 and PNG- 1 for a long time (probably at least 25 years) before it was identified. The flowers are a very dark reddish purple with even darker colored coronal lobes. The foliage is dark emerald green, quite thin, but leathery, and can get rather wild if not kept pruned back. (Photo by Arm Wayman) Bottom Row Left to Right H. Litoralis Schlechter: Another red hoya, this one from the Solomon Islands. This is a very tiny flower, as you can tell from the size of the hand holding it. It’s vibrant red with an orangish yellow center. The foliage is dark green, quite thick and lance shaped. It’s a very good year around bloomer when conditions are right. (Photo by Ted Green) H. Wavetii Kloppenbur2'. Though not a true red but more in the dark, rose red tints, I personally would be inclined to elass it as a red but with a lighter pink center. The flowers are small but elegant, each petal reflexing backwards to form an almost perfect ball. The tiny tiara that sits atop of these reflexed petals is absolutely exquisite. The foliage is rather long and canoe shaped, dark emerald green with a narrow band of purple edging around the rims. It is also one of the most prolific flowering hoyas that we have available today. (Photo by Ann Wayman) Gallery Descriptions by Ann Wayman 12 HOYA PHOTO GALLERY 13 Making Minigreenhouses By Carol Noel Not having a mist house, nor a mist chamber, I have come up with alternative ideas when it comes to propagating plants. Generally in my climate, the mist chamb^er principle isn’t necessary, but sometimes there are cuttings that root faster in my “little greenhouses”. I use the large, clear soda pop bottles (1.5 litres minimum) to start cuttings requiring high humidity. Just the top portion fitted over a pot works well, as does using the entire bottle, with soil or a rooting mix in the bottom and a hinged top that closes well. I have found that leaving a “hinge” between the top and the bottom keeps the top stable and in place. Illustration # 1 — With very sharp scissors cut approximately 1/3 of the bottom portion of the bottle almost all the way around, leaving a 1 inch section to act as a hinge between the two parts of the bottle. 1 Illustration # 2 — Shows the sections with the hinge still connecting the two parts. Illustration # 3 — The finished product. On the left a bottle with the rooting medium in the bottom portion of the bottle and on the right, a small pot with the top portion of the bottle acting as the minigreenhouse. The screw on lids can always be removed for several hours if the greenhouse gets too humid. Editors Note: This fact was not mentioned in the original article, but it might be a good idea to poke several holes in the bottom of the greenhouse that is enclosed (the one not sitting in a pot), to ensure proper drainage. When it’s time to pot up the rooted cuttings, it’s also a good idea to adjust them to the drier air gradually over a few days. (Photos by Aloha Hoya Team) 2 14 A Love/Hate Relationship (With certain Hoyas) Many years ago (about 1975), I started growing hoyas as a sideline to the orchids and african violets that I kept amassing. Orchids and african violets are truly beautiful but after several years there just didn’t seem to be any challenge to growing them. They all came to me with perfectly correct names and bloomed reliably year after year with the same flowers (no deviations, no wonderful surprises). I believe Hoya bella was the very first hoya that I ever owned. I had seen the H. camosas’ of course but the full grown ones were much too big for the small greenhouse that I had at the time. I started acquiring hoya plants from one place or another until I had about 20 plants. I can’t remember which names any of them had, or if they even had names, I just called them hoya varieties. At the time I didn’t know any better, I thought they were all different, and didn’t have a clue as to what constituted a species, or that every seedling that came out of a seed pod of these plants could look slightly different, just like our children do (same parents, different looks). Except for my beautiful H. bella, all I really had was two separate species, H. Camosa and H. Pubicalyx, each with lots of different looking children. Within a few years all of them had bloomed at least once and even though the leaves were different colors and shapes, the flowers, outside of some being different colors, were basically all the same. And I’m thinking “how boring”, but they were still hoyas and they bloomed for me. At this point I thought I had acquired them all. Boy, was I ever in for a surprise! In 1987 I discovered Hill~N~Dale nursery in Fresno, California which specialized in hoyas. My hoya enthusiasm really became serious after that. I started buying hoyas by mail order that sounded interesting but still didn’t know a lot about them. As an example, I didn’t know some of them could get as big as the “Grand Canyon”, or that a few would spend a lifetime (mine) thumbing their nose and daring me to make them bloom. Number 1 at the top of my list of irritating plants that just won’t bloom, is one I purchased eighteen years ago as H. latifolia. Of course without blooms it’s pretty hard to know for sure what it is. What I do know is that it is the most impressive of all the hoya species that I have seen. The foliage on this plant is absolutely magnificent with leaves that can easily get ten inches wide and twelve inches long. The new growth almost always starts out as mottled yellow and light green and just about the time I think it will be variegated, the leaves will turn solid emerald green with huge white splashes. The leaves can also be a brilliant mahogany color in the winter sun. This is the biggest plant that I own, even bigger than H. meliflua ssp. fratema, bigger than H. loyceandrewsiana and maybe even bigger than my car. If the dam thing would just reward me once with some flowers, I would be the happiest hoya collector in the world. The second annoying hoya on my love/hate list has to be a plant that came to me from Dexter Heuschel, via Dale Kloppenburg approximately 10 years ago. This plant was labeled merely DH- 54. It is a gorgeous plant with pale but shiny, jade green leaves, however, the stems are dark red, with the red extending even into the lower part of the leaf and radiating along the main rib of the leaves which grow in clusters of four to six along the stem and at the ends of long branches. Every year since I’ve owned this plant I keep thinking this will be the year that I get to see some flowers. ..so far, it’s let me down every time. I’ve tried every trick I know to force some blooms, all have failed!. I have also shared cuttings of this plant with many hoya collectors and so far, none have been able to coax blooms from it. Article and (photos page 16) by Ann Wayman 15 Very large leaves On a very large plant In a very large pot An unknown hoya species with the number DH-54 Clumps of 4 to 6 leaves with long intemodes between 16 ALOHA MOYAS Specializing in healthy, well grown Hoyas (as well as a good selection of Dischidia) Grown In Hawaii We are certified by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to ship to all 50 states See us online at; www.bigislandgrowers.com/AH.htm Email: carol@bigislandgrowers.com M^'l- Aloha Hoyas Phone: (808) 982-6843 P O. Box 1 359 Keaau, HI 96749 EMAIL GREENT010@HAWAII.RR.COM WEB ADDRESS - WWW.RARE-HOYAS.COM WE HAVE INTRODUCED OVER 1/3 OF ALL OF THE HOYAS NOW IN THE TRADE, WITH NEW ONES NEARLY EVERY YEAR. WE NO LONGER PUBLISH A PRINTED CATALOG BUT TAKE A LOOK AT OUR CATALOG ON OUR WEB SITE - IT’S BIGGER, BETTER AND FULL OF COLOR. 17 18 ODDS & ENDS Buyers Guide & Advertising The rules are very simple: A) Decide if you want a % page ad ($25.00 per issue), a Yi page ad ($50.00 per issue), or a full page ad ($100.00 per issue). GOOD NEWS! Your ad can be in Ml color, No Extra Charge! B) Place your camera ready ad copy, PDF format, (via the internet if possible) directly to Ann Wayman at hoyaannie@aol.com or hoochymama007@hotmail.com or U.S. mail: Ann Wayman, 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point Oregon, 97502. Please allow plenty of time to get the ad ready for insertion. C) Payment: The IHA accepts: Checks, cash, Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal (PayPal account name is under hoochymama007@hotmail.com D) Please include payment when you place your ad and monitor your ad expiration date, as your ad will not be included in an issue if payment has not been made. E) Deadline for 3rd. quarter 2006 is August 15, 2006. Magazine due out the first week of September. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE We now have back issues available. Years 1996-1999, 2000-2003 and 2004-2005. Each set of years is in a very nice Avery binder with a beautiful 8X10 full color hoya photo on the cover. The 4 year sets are $80.00 per set, postpaid anywhere in the U.S. The 2 year set is $40.00 postpaid in the U.S. Overseas orders, please check with us for postage rates. We hope to have AI..L issues available very soon, beginning with the years April, 1988 through 2005. Watch for an aimouncement in this section of Fratema. AN IMPORTANT NOTICE All current members renewing your membership for a 3 year period, and all new members joining for a period of 3 years will earn a boxed set of 12, beautiMly embossed 8 '/i by 11 inch handcrafted, half fold note cards with matching envelopes. Each of these cards were individually designed by Ann Wayman and display a gorgeous hoya photo from Ann’s private photo collection including some beautiM prints by Ted Green. Each one is different, each one is exquisite! In order to give everyone a chance to earn a set of these beautiful cards FREE, with postage paid, this offer will be extended for the remainder of 2005, through 2006. For those not wishing to take advantage of the 3 year membership offer, these cards are available for sale at US $25.00 per set, sent via media mail, postage paid. All foreign orders will be shipped surface mail postage paid, unless airmail is specified, in which case their will be an $8.00 postage charge. Note Cards Available We have now added 4 more sets of cards with all new photos, making 6 sets total. The free offer cards will be sent out on a random basis with no choice as to photos in the sets, however we are almost certain that no one will be unhappy with our selection. Soon there will be a catalog out featuring thumbnail composites of the photo’s available. All proceeds, except for actual cost of production is being donated to “The International Hoya Association”. For information on these offers, contact Ann Wayman or Jerry Williams. Addresses on masthead, page 2. 19 HOYA GIG AS Schlechter Collected and photographed at Garassa, PNG by Mark Clemens of the National Botanical Garden, Canberra, Australia. The cuttings that took back to Canberra did not survive so, unfortunately, this is not in cultivation. Official Bulletin Of The Volume 19 # 3 INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION Julv-Sept 2006 Hoya macgillivrayi F.M. Bailey International Hoya Association Administrative Office: 4057 Carlton Avenue Central Point, Oregon 97502-1749 Phone; (541 ) 664-6808 E-Mail; hoyaannie(Sjaol.com A Non-profit Organization Bulletin Published Quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www.international-hoya.org 2006 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $18.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. S25.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers and Editors President Vice President Secretary T reasurer Editor Web Administrator Advertising Manager Dale Kloppenburg Chuck Everson Ann Wayman Ann Wayman Aloha Eloyas Team Chuck Everson Hoya rctusa Dalzell We have a new Research Depaitment headed by Dale Kloppenburg as director. His new assistant is Mark Randal. Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Ann Strahm Ted Green William Wayman Mark Randal Jen^ Williams Carol Noel Chuck Everson (Chairman) Correspondence Secretary Ann Strahm 1 1 50 Darlene Lane Apt. 1 3 1 Eugene, Oregon 97401 E-mail; hoya.fraterna@gmail.com Membership Sec’y. & Slide Librarian Jerry Williams 1444 E. Taylor St. e-mail:Grwche@aol.com Vista, CA 92084 Honorary Board Members Representing Europe; Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing S.E. Asia: Kim Yap In charge of renewal notices Sandra Cook In charge of hybrid registry Tamalla Frank I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Exotic Plant and Hoya Group, San Diego, California. Svenska Hoya Sallskapet, Sweden. Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in “Fratema”, it is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. “Fraterna” is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point, OR 97502-1749 Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, The Board of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless pemiission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or in part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Editor’s e-mail address; “Ann Wayman” Or Be sure to mention in the subject area, Fratema or IHA so your e-mail won’t be placed in a spam folder. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page 1 Page 2 Page 3-11 Page 12 Page 13-16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Front Cover: Hoya macgillivrayi F.M. Bailey (Photo by David Fiddle) Declaration/Masthead Table of Contents Feature Article: Floya macgillivrayi by Rob Stirling (Photos by David Fiddle) . . . The Doctor Is In (This Issue: Ann Wayman) Hoya latifolia - An Elite of the Forest Canopy by Kim Yap (Photos by Kim Yap) . . Hoya latifolia Focations in Singapore by Kim Yap (Photo by Aloha Hoya Team) . . Photo Gallery Descriptions (by Ann Wayman) Hoya Photo Gallery (Photo Fayout by Ann Wayman) Advertisement Odds and Ends Back Cover (This Issue: Peek A Boo We see You (Article and Photos by Kim Yap) Guest Editors Rob Stirling from U.K. Kim F. Yap from Singapore ' , onnQ v, 5 ilJjO 2 Hoya macgillivrayii F.M. Bailey In Habitat and Cultivation 1. Introduction The species name macgillivmyi, was published in CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF QUEENSLAND, Queensland agricultural journal, Vol. 1 p. 190 in 1914 in honour of Dr. William David KeiT Macgillivray ( 1 867 - 1 933, a physician and eminent ornithologist and naturalist who earned out several important expeditions to North Queensland, and who collected the type specimen. Hoya macgillivrai is native to the monsoonal rainforests of the Mcllwraith Range; a relatively high altitude plateau ( maximum altitude 824 m), in the Mungkan Kandju National Park, and Tozer Range in the Iron Range National Park; both of which are located on the eastern coastal region of Cape York Peninsular, Queensland, Northern Australia. 2. DESCRIPTION of Hoya macgillivrayi Hoya macgillivrayi, is a strong growing vine and is found in nature growing as a true epiphyte; living completely free of the ground, clinging with aerial roots to the bark of host trees while rooting in detritus and leaf litter that has accumulated in the crooks of the branches. Those host trees chosen are usually stunted, growing directly out of the rock face; their smaller and thinner canopies, providing this hoya with the ideal amount of dappled sunlight and air movement needed for strong growth. Hoya macgillivrayi, is also seen clinging to and clambering over, large rock piles in areas where it finds similar conditions of sunlight and humidity to those it experiences in the canopies of the trees. The plant roots into whatever leaf litter and moss has collected in the rocks’ crevices. It is usually found growing too high up amongst the rocks for it to be able to root in the ground soil. Under ideal conditions, growth is extremely fast. The stems produced are thin and wiry at first, with nodes approximately 20 ems apart. The foliage that forms at some, but not all of these nodes, is bronze and glossy when developing, maturing to mid-green, and becoming thick and oval in shape, with pointed tips. Mature leaves are approximately 1 5 ems long and 5 ems wide. Flowers are formed on peduncles that are produced on new growth throughout the spring and summer. The mature peduncles are strong. Stiff and up to 6 ems long. Each flower can be up to 6 ems wide and usually between six and ten are borne in an umbel and radiate out from the peduncle’s tip. Their size and colour varies slightly between the several named clones in cultivation, but in general they are a rich burgundy red in colour, and have a very strong and pleasant fragrance, resembling that of ‘expensive perfume’. They are produced in the autumn. In its natural habitat the flowers of Hoya macgillivrayi, are pollinated by several species of birds commonly known as Honeyeaters that belong to the Meliphagidae family. Hoya macgillivrayi, belongs to Group VI. Physostelma (Wight) Schlechter 1913 which among others includes 3 species that are closely related to H. Macgillivrayi: H. Megalaster, H. Onychoides, H. archboldiana. 3 NAMED CLONES AND THEIR COLLECTION SITES 4 2a SOME NAMED CLONES H. Macgillivrayi 'Superba’ (aka. Big Mac) IML 0220 5 H. macgiUivrayi ‘Mount Tozer' IML 0278 6 3. THE CLIMATE OF THE CAPE YORK PENINSULAR, N. QUEENSLAND 3a SEASONS Being in the tropical belt of northern Australia, The Cape York Peninsula is subject to two very distinct seasons: Wet Season: - November to April (spring and summer in the Southern Hemisphere,) Cyclones can occur any time during the wet season and are generally responsible for frequent and massive flooding. During the wet season it is not uncommon for the rivers in the region to raise their levels up to 5 - 6 metres above normal. Dry Season: - May to October (autumn and winter in the Southern Hemisphere) 3b HUMIDITY Humidity levels rise during the wetter months and decrease during the dry months when hot breezes sweep through inland areas. Months with Highest average relative humidity: February and March; 79% and 77% respectively (wet season) Months with Lowest average relative humidity: September, October and November; 67%, 66% and 67% respectively, (dry season) Annual average relative humidity: 71.9% 3c TEMPERATURE Maximum average daytime temperature: occurs in October and November; 85. 8F (29. 9C) and 87. 6F (30. 9C) respectively, (wet season) Minimum average daytime temperature: occurs in July and August; 70. 7F (21. 5C) and 70. 8F (21. 6C) respectively, (dry season) Night time temperatures in this cooler period can sometimes drop to 53. 6F (12C) to 57. 2F (14C) Average annual temperature: 79. IF (26.15C) 3d RAINFALL Maximum average monthly rainfall occurs in February and March; 14.8 inches (370.6mm) and 14.8 inches (370.9mm) respectively, (wet season) Minimum average monthly rainfall occurs in August and September; 0.4 inches (9.6mm) and 0.26 inches (6.4mm) respectively, (dry season) Average annual rainfall: 70.0 inches (1749.4mm) 7 3f INTERPRETATION OF ABOVE DATA IN RESPECT OF HOYA macgillivrayi • The wet season is the time for maximum growth in the tropics of the northern Queensland and roughly equates to spring and summer in the northern hemisphere, which is the period of maximum growth found there. Not only does rainfall dramatically rise in the wet season, with an average monthly high of 15 inches in the wettest months, but atmospheric humidity rises too - up to a daily average of 80%, while daytime temperatures soar to around 90F. Conversely, the dry season which is the period of least growth, roughly equates to autumn and winter in the northern hemisphere. Average daytime temperatures in the dry season however, are never lower than 70F. The occasional night time lows of 54F would only be experienced by the plant for a few hours, after which the temperatures would begin to rise again following the sunrise. • It is during these dryer months with less cloud cover that sunlight is likely to be more constant. • The atmospheric humidity in the rainforests where H. macgillivrayi is found is always high, even during the cooler, dry season when the average humidity never gets below 66%. This is essential for the well being of this epiphytic plant, which exists with its roots often exposed and clinging to the bark of the host tree. In drier atmospheric conditions, these roots would inevitably dehydrate and die, eventually leading to the death of the plant itself • The leaf litter and other detritus collecting in the angles of branches and the crevices of rocks into which Hoya macgillivrayi roots, is open and fibrous in structure, affording sharp drainage and allowing air to easily penetrate to the roots growing through it. It is mildly acidic and is generally low in nutrients, mainly because of the leaching effect the rains have, especially during the wet seasons. These nutrients are supplemented to a small extent, by weak solutions washed down from the branches above, from sources such as bird droppings and other decomposing organic matter. 4. GROWING HOYA macgillivrayi 4a SOIL AND CONTAINERS A loose, friable, peaty soil mixture that is mildly acidic, moisture retentive and sharply draining is essential. A potting mix that is not well drained and does not allow air to freely permeate it will usually cause the loss of the plant’s roots. It is important not to use a container that is too large for the root ball. This can result in the compost remaining too wet for too long, again resulting in root rot. Equally, too small a pot can result in the soil becoming too dry, which can damage or even kill the plant. Similarly, consideration needs to be given to the type of material from which the pot is made, as this also affects the length of time that the soil remains moist, or becomes dry. This is particularly so in summer when the soil in unglazed terracotta pots will dry much faster than soil in plastic pots, as the moisture will evaporate through the sides of the terracotta pots and in winter, when the soil in plastic pots tends to dry out much more slowly than it does in terracotta pots. As an epiphyte H. macgillivrayi has evolved a shallow root system spreading laterally in whatever leaf litter is available. Therefore, a pot that is wider than it is deep, suits it much better. 8 4b WATERING Frequency of watering is an important consideration, in view of the fact that H. macgillivrayi \n\\\ not tolerate stagnant soil conditions - and is especially so during winter in cool climates when the plant should be kept dryer - but not completely dry. In warm to tropical climates where some growth is made, watering can be adjusted accordingly. Once the main growing season begins, Hoya macgillivrayi enjoys copious amounts of water, but only if the soil is sharply draining and the temperature and humidity are both high enough to support fast growth. If in doubt, wait for the soil to approach dryness on the surface before watering again. 4c FEEDING With any plant growing in a sharply draining soil, there is a greater need for regular feeding. However Hoya macgillivrayi, like all epiphytes, can suffer root damage if the fertiliser given at any one time is too strong. Fertiliser at % to V2 strength should be given at every watering during the growing period, with a bloom booster supplied during the spring and summer, when flower peduncles are likely to be developing. It is important to aim for maximum growth and the maturing of both stems and peduncles during this period, as immature peduncles do not usually survive the winter. During the winter, when growth all but stops in cool climates, feeding should be withheld as it is not then required by the plant. In warm to tropical climates, however, where light levels and temperatures enable the plant to continue growing actively, feeding can be maintained. In intermediate climates where growth in winter slows down but does not stop, a reduced feeding schedule can be used. 4d TEMPERATURE During the growing season Hoya macgillivrayi enjoys daytime temperatures of between 80 and 90 degrees F. Ideally, there should be a drop of 10-20 degrees F during the night, in order for the plant to process the food it has made during the day. With temperatures in the 90’s and especially if grown under glass, air movement around the plant is vital in order to prevent heat damage. During the winter in cool climates, plants growing under glass or indoors, need a minimum night time temperature of around 60F rising to 70 to 75F during the day. 4e LIGHT If grown in the home, in climates where light levels are reduced during the winter, it is important to give Hoya macgillivrayi as much sunlight as is available, by placing it in a south, or south-west facing window. With the arrival of spring and summer when light levels are increasing, it is happy in an east or south-east facing window with around 4 hours of direct sunlight during the day, or light dappled shade throughout the day. 4f HUMIDITY Hoya macgillivrayi prefers a high humidity of between 65 and 80% throughout the year; although in the home, the atmospheric humidity is often as low as 20%, especially where air conditioning in summer and central heating in winter is used. Very low atmospheric humidity will cause new growth to wither, flower buds to abort and potting composts to dry out too fast. The atmospheric humidity can be increased by: 9 • grouping several plants together to form a microclimate around themselves • regular spraying of the foliage during the daytime, particularly during the growing period, but also during the winter. Spaying the plant at night in winter should be avoided however, as this can cause chilling of the plant, as well as increasing the risk of fungal infection. • filling a water-tight tray with a 2 inch layer of ‘Hydroleca’ (small, fired clay balls that are porous). Water is added to the tray so that its final level is about 1 inch below the surface of the ‘Hydroleca’. The Hoya is then placed onto it. The ‘Hydroleca’ absorbs the water and helps it to evaporate into the air around the plant. It is essential, when using this method that the pot is not standing directly in the water, but is sitting on the ‘Hydroleca’ above it. If the base of the pot does stand in the water, the soil will stay continuously wet and become stagnant. 4g AIR MOVEIVIENT Air movement around the plant is essential: • in summer, to prevent the build up of high leaf temperatures that can result in unsightly leaf burn. • in winter, to stop the formation of stagnant air that can cause the development of fungal diseases, especially if grown in high humidity, such as under glass, and in cooler conditions. Air movement can be supplemented indoors and under glass by the use of small electric fans placed in the vicinity of the plant, or by placing the plant outdoors, when temperatures allow for healthy growth. 4h IVIAINTENANCE AND PRUNING Little maintenance is required other than to regularly tie in the vines to a support to stop them from becoming a tangled mass and encroaching on neighbouring plants. Long stems which have no peduncles can be cut back to a few pairs of leaves as the peduncles are only produced on new growth and will not form on stems once they are mature. New growth is usually produced on the uppermost parts of the stems and so pruning back these unproductive stems helps to rejuvenate the lower part of the plant, preventing it from eventually becoming bare. Those stems which do have peduncles should be retained, as they should develop flowers and continue to bloom from them in the future. 4i PROPAGATION Propagation of Hoya macgillivrayi is easy using cuttings from ripened stems with leaves attached, and from one to 3 nodes in length. They root quickly when placed in the humid conditions of a heated propagator, or zip-lock bag and kept at a temperature of around 80F. Adequate light levels are important for follow-on growth after the cuttings have rooted and so the best time in cool climates is in the spring, summer and early autumn. During late autumn and winter when, for example, cuttings may need to be taken in order to rescue a plant and where natural light levels are insufficient for growth, additional fluorescent lighting can be used, with the tubes positioned between 8 and 10 inches above the cuttings and left on for a period of about 16 hours per day. Once rooted, the cuttings can be potted up in a freely draining compost mix, as described above. Cuttings also root in water and although successful, this method is usually slower than using a heated propagator, or zip-lock bag. 10 5. PROBLEMS • The new bronze growth of Hoya macgillivrayi is very soft, easily damaged and bruised and particularly sensitive are the developing peduncles. If the plant suffers a check such as getting too dry, too cold or too exposed to strong winds, the peduncles will most likely abort even though the leaves may remain quite healthy. During the growing period, it is therefore very important to maintain adequate moisture and temperatures, as well as exercising care in the handling and positioning of the plant, so that the loss of any developing peduncles is minimised • Burning of the leaves, characterised by brown or white scald marks is caused by continuous strong sunlight coupled with little or no air movement around the plant. Fungal infections are also caused by lack of air movement and high humidity that together allow the spores to settle on the leaf and germinate. • When the leaves become soft and wilted and the cause does not seem to be overly dry soil, it is most likely that the roots have rotted. Cuttings can be taken from the plant in order to save it while the plant is still in relatively good condition. If left until the leaves have yellowed or dropped, it is much more difficult, if not impossible, to rescue the plant. So quick action is important! • Although Hoya macgillivrayi occasionally experiences night time lows of around 55F during the dry season, these temperatures are of short duration only and keeping the plant continuously at this temperature for days and nights on end will weaken it and risk causing it damage. • In enclosed places, Hoya macgillivrayi is extremely susceptible to mealy bug. Methylated spirits and water (2 parts water to 1 part methylated spirits) sprayed or dabbed around the leaves, nodes or wherever the infestation is concentrated is the easiest method of control. Failing that a systemic insecticide such as one containing ‘Imidacloprid’ is very effective. Either treatment, however, may need to be repeated until all traces of the pests have gone. Mealy bugs are generally not a problem in the open garden where they are eaten by predators. • Cuttings attempted from soft, immature stems are unlikely to root and survive. Undesirable too, are those cuttings taken from very old woody stems that lack vigour and take a long time (if at all) to root and grow away. SOME HYBRIDS FI. Macgillivrayi has been hybridized with H. archboldiana, a close relative, with similar large, but campanulate or bell shaped flowers. The resulting hybrids are generally intermediate between the two species and are red in color. Crosses have also been made with H. onychoides, another close relative. FI. macgillivrayi x archboldiana cv. 'Kaimuki’ Flybridized by Michael Miyashiro and named after the district in Flawaii where he lives. H. macgillivrayi x H. archboldiana cv. 'Rainforest’ Flybridized by Michael Miyashiro and named for his Rainforest Plants et Fleurs Nursery in Hawaii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To David Liddle, who very kindly provided images of habitat and of the named clones, as well as providing valuable insights on Hoya macgillivrayi; and to Carol Noel who kindly helped with editing. January 2006 © R. M. Stirling 2006 11 The Doctor Is In By Dr. Ann, Dr. Carol, Dr. TedSQuack et al A: There are too many hoya species involved to give a pat answer to that question. Many hoyas will bloom in their frist year of growth, some will take two years, others may need three or more years before they are mature enough to bloom. If conditions aren't right, mature or not, they may never bloom until those conditions are corrected. The following comments are by the medical staff: Q: How old do hoyas have to be before they will bloom? Q: Do hoyas bloom just in the summer? A: Some hoyas bloom in the spring and summer, others bloom in the fall and early winter. Then of course there are the mavericks that bloom off and on all year long. These seemingly everblooming hoyas are found mostly among the Philippine species but there are also some of the species from India that put on a real show eveiy month of the year. H. Parvifolia is one that does Just that, as well as H. Retusa. The fall and early winter blooming hoyas are usually thought of as being in the H. australis complex, however H. Nummularioides is probably the most reliable species for always putting on a sensational flower show from early fall into winter. Q: What is the best way to remove hard water spots from hoya leaves? A: One teaspoom of vinegar (white or red) mixed in a pint of warm water will remove most water spots. Dip a soft cloth in this solution and mb each leaf gently in a circular motion, rinse with clear water and diy with another soft cloth. If you’re planning on taking photographs of a large specimen plant and want the foliage to absolutely shine, try mixing 1 teaspoon of real mayonnaise (not salad dressing) with 3 tablespoons of warm water. Apply to your leaves with a cottonball or soft cloth, then wipe dry. This formula does not clog the pores of your leaves, and your plants will glisten. Q; The botanical names on some of these plants are real tongue twisters. Is there a sensible reason behind some of these names? A; Many botanical names are descriptive of a prominent part of a plant. Sometimes it’s the foliage e.g. Hoya caniosa. which means fleshy or of fleshy consistency. Other names will refer to a description of a flower e.g. H. Pauciflora (few flowered), the flower parts e.g. H. Pubiealyx (pubescent or fuzzy calyx), or maybe even a flower color e.g. H. Purpurcofusca (reddish brown flower). These descriptive names are often very helpful to taxonomists in identifying a plant. We usually mn into the real tongue twisters when they have been named after the place where they were collected e.g. H. sipitangensis (from Sipitang) or H. Tjadasmalangensis (from Tjadasmalang). As a mle, they are easy enough to pronounce if they are broken into syllables and pronounced slowly. Q; I have had a beautiful variegated Hoya camosa for about seven years. This past summer the foliage gradually started turning solid green. The clerk at the garden center told me 1 was probably using too much high nitrogen fertilizer. I have always used a balanced 18-18-18 formula, so was wondering if there could be some other reason. A: I doubt if your balanced fertilizer had much, if anything to do with your plant reverting to solid green. What usually happens, is that a variegated plant will eventually grow a solid green branch. This all green branch has very dominent genes and contains the original blueprint, or arrangement of cells that tells this plant that “it will be green” If this branch is left to grow, it will take on the role of an over ambitious supervisor and demand that the entire plant “will be green” To counteract this, cut out solid green branches as soon as they appear. Q: Can you tell me which hoyas grow wild in Hawaii? A: There are no hoya species known to have evolved naturally in Hawaii. The hoyas that grow there now, have been lovingly planted by the “wild” but human hands of the many hoya growers who live there and plant them outside where they grow happily all year long. Dr. .Ann et al 12 Hoya latifolia - an Elite of the Forest Canopy Text and pictures by K. F. Yap We have arrived at the last of the 3 known living Hoya species still to be found in Singapore. A hundred or more years ago there were 10 resident species listed in the botanical annals for Singapore. With the passing of time, they dwindled to 3 species. It is sad to find that many of our own living things are heading rapidly into the funnel of extinction. This occurrence is taking place the world over. We must cease the wanton destruction of our natural heritage. We must learn to preserve and nurture what little we have left before they, too, into the dust descend. Hoya latifolia loves the sunny life high up among the branches of tall trees. Her flowers are seldom seen by the naked eyes, except as a magnified image through the eyepiece of a high powered telescope. This lovely milkweed rarely flowers when fallen from its lofty perch. Historical Let us take a quick look at the long history of the aristocrat of the forest canopy. Hoya latifolia was named by G. Don in 1 838. The type locality was given as Pulau Pinang for peninsula Malaysia. He cited Wallich's unnamed record as his reference. Subsequent finds by later botanists were from Kota Glanggi and Kota Tonkat in Pahang and Sungai Tebrau in Johor. (In ca. 1978, I have seen Hoya latifolia growing on an old mbber tree of a chinese- owned rubber estate at an area quite close to Gunung Pulai, Johor. The thick, strongly veined leaves, the size of saucers, were what caught my eyes as I drove past the tree. I stopped to admire the beautiful foliage before going on my way). The first sighting of this species in Singapore was made by Ridley in 1923. He discovered it at Cluny Road. Subsequent finds were from the Botanic Garden Jungle, Changi and again at Cluny Road. Synonyms: Hoya macrophylla Wight ( 1 834) Hoya polystachya Blume (1849) Recent finds are given in the Table of Hoya latifolia locations in Singapore. Ecology and Habitat In general, this species perches high up at a sunny position in the canopy of tall trees. The habitat is usually moist and with much higher ambient humidity. The branches and trunks of the old trees are usually covered with lush growths of bryophytes, ferns climbing figs and other sun-seeking epiphytes. In such high situations Hoya latifolia blooms profusely, cairying multiple persistent peduncles (flower bearing structures) on branching rachises (plural for rachis=stalk). The climbing stems range and dangle freely, bearing long, hanging sparsely leafed or leafless vines carrying numerous flowering umbels. This is best seen in the pictures of the flowering vines photographed in situ at the Bukit Batok tree. It was also observed that plants fallen from tall trees, growing on the ground or in shaded low trees and shrubs did not seem to bear flowers. This is best seen with vines in cultivation. They like to be grown hanging in a potted basket. It flowers freely and profusely only if the vines are allowed to range freely, hanging in air and bright indirect sunlight. 13 Distribution The Plant It is quite unnecessary to include a detailed description of the species here. The pictures speak eloquently enough for themselves. A full description of this milkweed may be read in Rintz monograph (1978) and references given therein. More references may be found in Turner’s checklist published in 1993. From my personal observations, there are 2 color forms of the flowers (pink and white) and 2 kinds of leaf colors (green suffused with red) and also a green form. The lighter green’s slightly raised main veins stand out prominently against the rest of the leaf blade. It is truly a beautiful foliage to behold! A compact grower; it could be grown simply for its strikingly waxy, eye catching foliage. The species was recorded for Java, Sumatra, South Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It was listed for Borneo by Rintz (1978). Lamb (2003) did not include this species for Sabah. The presence of Hoya latifolia in the continent of Borneo is therefore doubtful. Except for Singapore, Hoya latifolia appears to be uncommon elsewhere (Rintz 1978). Left: Sparsely leaved vines bearing many umbels of pink flowers. Right: Multiple branching rachises and peduncles of H. Latifolia. Pictures were taken in situ at the Bukit Batok road divider, July 26, 2004. 14 15 Bottom Row Hoya latifolia variegated Form and Flowers 16 Hova latifolia Locations in Sin£apore Location, Date and Finder Found at Bukit Batok, on Yellow Upper Thomson Road, on old Durian Flame Tree (peltophorum pterocarpum) (Durio zibethinus) trees circa 2003 by on July 2004 by Catherine Chong. Joseph Lai. Found at Bukit Brown Cemetary, on White House Park, on large roadside an old Rain Tree (Samanea saman) on Rain Tree (Samanea saman) on April July 2002 by Goh Si Guim. 2005 by Angie Ng. Bukit Kalang, on ground with main vine up a tree on March 2002 by K.F. Yap. Bukit Kalang, on fallen branch by side of boardwalk on May 2003 by K.F. Yap. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, on large tree near top of hill circa 2002 by Chuah Ai Lin. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, at Tiup Tiup Trail circa 2004 by Wang Luan Keng. MacRitchie Reservoir, on tree on side of boardwalk on April 2003 by K.F. Yap. Mandai Forest Reserve, exposed on tree near car park on March 2003 by K.F. Yap. Rifle Range Road, draped over low trees on August 2004 by K.F. Yap. Singapore Zoo (cultivated) circa 2004 by Chuah Ai Lin. Upper Seletar Resevoir, on large Kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) circa 2000 by K.F. Yap. Yishun pipeline, on Mempoyan tree (Rhodamnia cinerea) on July 2002 by K.F. Yap. 17 ' ' ■ ' PHOTO GALLERY DESCRIPTIONS Top Row Left to Right To offset the brillience of the bright reds and purples of the H. macgillivrayi complex, this issues gallery pictures are devoted to the ivory white and pure pristine whites of the hoya genus. H. pimenteliana KJoppenburg is a perfect example of the ivory white tones found among them. This species is a joy to own, blooming reliably and at an early age. The flowers last in perfect condition for up to 10 days and have a wonderful fragrance. (Photo by Lotta Backstrom) Next is the old but often misidentified H. subquintuplinervis Miquel. The foliage of this species is one of its most spectacular traits with beautiful emerald green, almost round leaves and beautiful five nerved venation. The flowers are pure white with yellow to orangish centers. (Photo by Chuck Everson) Center Row Left to Right H. pachyclada Kerr. This species appears to come in two different forms of growth, an upright shrub that developes new branches from the roots and continues to grow upright, and a sprawling shrub that forms one very heavy main branch with several heavy branches that form new branches from the lower nodes and grow horizontally. The flowers on both are identical. Sparkling sugar white and shaped almost like a ball with a tall crown when reflexed. A great bloomer, and will often form flowers underneath the first set, push them off as they age and continue blooming through several more stages of bloom periods. (Photo by Ann Wayman) Center row right, is H. longifolia Wallich. Every hoya species with long stringbean like foliage has been confused with this one which is amazing as it looks like none of them, in foliage or flowers. The foliage of this plant is very long and leathery rather than succulent, the flowers are pure white or sometimes with a slight pink tint and very fuzzy. The coronal lobes are almost completely round, with an indentation in the center. This species is among the best bloomers in the hoya family, with flowers at least nine months out of the year. (Photo by Ann Wayman) Bottom Row Left to Right H. amottiana Wight. What nice things can we not say about this beautiful species from India. It appears to have everything. The foliage is outstanding, it’s large, heavy, succulent and beautiful emerald green. The leaves are very close set and drape in a heavy mass from many sturdy branches. The flowers are pure pristine white and it flowers in masses of 30 to 50 individual flowers per umbel. Being from India, this species is tolerent of somewhat cooler temperatures and can be grown outside for most of the year in many areas of Southern California and Florida. It has a very heavy honeysuckle fragrance that is almost overpowering up close but smells nice from a distance. You can always tell when one is in bloom. If it has a fault at all, it is that it only blooms once a year for about six weeks in the early spring. (Photo by Aloha Hoya Team) I don’t know much about this next species H. montana Schlechter. I’ve had this plant for many years but it has never bloomed for me. Dr. Schlechter described this species as being very similar to H. marginata but with very different leaves. The flowers are creamy, or rather ivory white, very fuzzy and with a red ring at the base of the corona. It was discovered in the forest of the Kani Mountains of New Guinea at about 1 8 hundred feet altitude. The photos that I have seen are so very pretty that I hope someday to see this plant in bloom in my greenhouse. (Photo by Aloha Hoya Team) Photo Gallery Descriptions by Ann Wayman 18 19 ALOHA MOYAS Specializing in healthy, well grown Hoyas (as well as a good selection of Dischidia) Grown in Hawaii We are certified by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to ship to all 50 states See us online at: www.bigislandgrowers.com/AH.htm Email: carol@bigislandgrowers.com M^'l- Aloha Hoyas Phone: (808) 982-6843 P-0. Box 1 359 Keaau, HI 96749 EMAIL GREENT010@HAWA)I. RR.COM WEB ADDRESS - WWW.RARE-HOYAS.COM WE HAVE INTRODUCED OVER 1/3 OF ALL OF THE HOYAS NOW IN THE TRADE, WITH NEW ONES NEARLY EVERY YEAR. WE NO LONGER PUBLISH A PRINTED CATALOG BUT TAKE A LOOK AT OUR CATALOG ON OUR WEB SITE - IT'S BIGGER, BETTER AND FULL OF COLOR. Specializing in Hoya Books and Cards/ \ E-Mail: hoyaannie@aol.coni / 20 ODDS & ENDS Bu^ers^uide_&^dvertisi^ The rules are very simple: A) Decide if you want a % page ad ($25.00 per issue), a V2 page ad ($50.00 per issue), or a full page ad ($100.00 per issue). GOOD NEWS! Your ad can be in full color. No Extra Charge! B) Place your camera ready ad copy, PDF format, (via the internet if possible) directly to Ann Wayman at hoyaannie(^aol.com or hoochymama007@hotmail.com or U.S. mail: Ann Wayman, 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point Oregon, 97502. Please allow plenty of time to get the ad ready for insertion. C) Payment: The IHA accepts: Checks, cash. Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal (PayPal account name is under hoochymama007@hotmail.com D) Please include payment when you place your ad and monitor your ad expiration date, as your ad will not be included in an issue if payment has not been made. E) Deadline for 4th quarter 2006 is December 15, 2006. Magazine due out the first week of January 2007. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE We now have back issues available. Years 1996-1999, 2000-2003 and 2004-2005. Each set of years is in a very nice Avery binder with a beautiful 8X10 full color hoya photo on the cover. The 4 year sets are $80.00 per set, postpaid anywhere in the U.S. The 2 year set is $40.00 postpaid in the U.S. Overseas orders, please check with us for postage rates. We hope to have ALL issues available very soon, beginning with the years April, 1988 through 2005. Watch for an announcement in this section of Fraterna. AN IMPORTANT NOTICE All current members renewing your membership for a 3 year period, and all new members joining for a period of 3 years will earn a boxed set of 12, beautifully embossed 8 'A by 11 inch handcrafted, half fold note cards with matching envelopes. Each of these cards were individually designed by Ann Wayman and display a gorgeous hoya photo from Ann’s private photo collection including some beautiful prints by Ted Green. Each one is different, each one is exquisite! In order to give everyone a chance to earn a set of these beautifttl cards FREE, with postage paid, this offer will be extended for the remainder of 2005, through 2006. For those not wishing to take advantage of the 3 year membership offer, these cards are available for sale at US $25.00 per set, sent via media mail, postage paid. All foreign orders will be shipped surface mail postage paid, unless airmail is specified, in which case their will be an $8.00 postage charge. A_Note^rom_The_Editor My sincerest apologies for the late mailing of this current issue of Fraterna. The past 3 months in the life of my family has seen death, serious illness, a broken printer, and everything else that could go wrong has 'Gone Wrong’ (Murphy’s Law). I can’t make any rash promises that it will never happen again but at present everything seems to be sailing smoothly and we will be publishing 4 new hoya species in the next issue of Fraterna. Since there will be a very large amount of space dedicated to these “new species” There will be no other articles for that particular issue other than the photo gallery. The first quarter of 2007 will see a return to the familiar Fraterna with all of our regular features. Ann Wayman Editor 21 PEEKABOO, WE SEE YOU Peek a boo, you see us! The pictures featured above were the result of walking slowly and observing patiently the world around me. The images were culled from a series of 42 digital flash exposures. Nature has many strange ways of revealing herself. Sometimes, right at your own doorstep. Addendum I wanted another look and went by the sapling this afternoon (July 18, 2006). In about 14 hours, the voracious caterpillers have stripped the young fig completely of its leaves and shoots. Nothing remained, except for the skeleton that was once a small tree. There were only about 2 dozen caterpillers left on the bare twigs. They have stopped feeding, perhaps waiting to pupate. The rest of the swarm have disappeared without leaving a trace. If I had put off fetching my camera yesterday, I would have missed recording a most interesting event taking place in Nature. Here is a good example of what I mean by walking slowly and opening one’s eyes and mind to see Nature at her best. Coming home from lunch today, I took a short-cut across a sports field, up a short flight of steps, turned left and proceeded downhill. Under the shade of a large rain free, something red and yellow caught my eyes. I looked again at the sapling growing beneath. In the gloom of the large tree. There were many hungi'y, red, yellow and black cateipillers feeding on what I suspected to be a young fig. The sapling was rapidly being denuded of its leaves. Peek a boo, we see you! Pictures and a short story flashed through my mind as I rushed home for my camera. My activities under the spreading rain tree caught the attention of many curious passers-by. The young and the old came over, stared and exclaimed: “Ayah, chin chuey thangs ah!” translation: (WOW, lots of worms)! By Kim Yap July 1 7, 1 8 2006 PRATERI^^ Official Bulletin Of The Volume 19 # 4 INTERNATIONAL HO YA ASSOCIATION Oct-Dec 2006 International Hoya Association Administrative Office: 4057 Carlton Avenue Central Point, Oregon 97502-1749 Phone: (541)664-6808 E-Mail: hoyaannie@aol.com A Non-profit Organization Bulletin Published Quarterly. ISSN 10055-4564 web page: www.international-hoya.org 2007 rates for a 1 year membership (USA), which includes our quarterly publication are $25.00 per year. Outside the United States: U.S. $35.00 per year, sent via airmail. Officers and Editors President Vice President Secretary /Treasurer Editor Web Administrator Advertising Manager Dale Kloppenburg Chuck Everson Ann Wayman Ann Wayman Aloha Hoyas Team Chuck Everson Hoya retusa Dalzell We have a new Research Department headed by Dale Kloppenburg as director. His new assistant is Mark Randal. Board Of Directors Dale Kloppenburg Ann Strahm Ted Green William Wayman Mark Randal Jerry Williams Carol Noel Chuck Everson (Chairman) Correspondence Secretary Ann Strahm 1 150 Darlene Lane Apt. 131 Eugene, Oregon 97401 E-mail: hoya.fratema@gmail.com Membership Secretary Sandra Cook P.O. Box 1484 e-mail: fratema@povn.com Priest River, ID 83856 Honorary Board Members Representing Europe: Eva-Karin Wiberg Representing S.E. Asia: Kim Yap In charge of renewal notices Sandra Cook In charge of slide library Tamalla Frank I.H.A. Affiliates San Diego Exotic Plant and Hoya Group, San Diego, California. Svenska Hoya Sallskapet, Sweden. Editorial Policy Errors of fact may occur from time to time in '‘Fratema”, it is the policy of the IHA to publish corrections of fact, but will not comment on matters of opinion expressed in other publications. “Fraterna” is the official quarterly bulletin published by the International Hoya Association. The administrative office is located at 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point, OR 97502-1749 Opinions stated in articles and editorials of Fratema do not necessarily represent opinions of other I.H.A. members, The Board of Directors, or its officers. All articles submitted to Fratema for possible publication may be edited for grammar, form and content. All material in Fratema may be reprinted by non-profit organizations (unless permission is expressly denied in a note accompanying the material) provided that proper credit is given to I.H.A. Fratema and the author, and one copy of the publication containing the reprint be sent to the I.H.A. administrative office. No reproduction in whole or in part by any other organization, publication or individual, is permitted except by permission of the editor. Editor’s e-mail address: “Ann Wayman” Or Be sure to mention in the subject area, Fratema or IHA so your e-mail won’t be placed in a spam folder. 1 Page . Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5-7 Page 8- 1 0 Page 11-18 Page 19-23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 LuESTHER T. MERTZ r.IRRARY TABLE OF CONTENTS FFR 0 7 mi NEW YORK / BOTANICAL GARDEN / Front Cover: Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg Declaration/Masthead Table of Contents Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg versus Hoya ciliata (Cover Photo by Ted Green) . . . Hoya viracensis (new species) Hoya lucyae (new species) Hoya linavigariae (new species) Hoya stoneiana (new species) Photo Gallery Descriptions (by Ann Wayman) Photo Gallery (Photo Layout by Ann Wayman) Odds and Ends Advertising Back Cover 3 Our Cover Photo Ereostemma madulidii Kloppenburg In keeping with the rich, dark colors of our fall and winter theme, I have chosen to feature the very beautiful and quite unique Ereostemma madulidii Kloppenburg. This species was for many years thought to be, and was sold as Hoya ciliata. All of these fuzzy leaved plants with vei-y large flowers formerly in this section have now been reclassified as Ereostemma’s and thus a genus outside of the Hoya genus. There is still a lot of controversy swirling around these two species and probably will be for some time to come. This is what R.D. Kloppenburg has to say about the differences. In Philippine Hoya Species ( 1 996) 54. R. D. Kloppenburg. Hoya ciliata Elmer ex Burton versus Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg. I believe that the species being sold in commerce, at the present time as H. ciliata, is H. madulidii. The Type sheet of H. ciliata Elmer #1 1072 consists of stems and detached leaves and thus is of little help. A. D.E. Elmer found the type plant at 1 500' elevation at Todaya (Mt. Apo) District of Davao, Mindanao Philippines in July 1909. In 1938, in Leaflets of Philippine Botany 10:3577 Elmer wrote “Apparently it (//. c/Z/ntn Elmer) has not been recollected and cannot be matched with any specimen in the herbarium”. Indicating that this species is very rare. There were numerous sheets at this time labeled Hoya coronarioides Schlechter (unpublished) which match Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg and the plant being sold as Hoya ciliata Elmer ex Burton. See page #77 and 78 for details of H. madulidii. H. ciliata differs in a number of very critical and characteristic ways from H. madulidii {H. coronarioides) according to Elmer's Type description. Quoting Elmer: #1. “column very short and thick subtended by minute scales”. Our species has a noticeably extremely long column up to .7 cm.. As far as I can tell it is not subtended by any scales, normally it is ringed by long stiff cilia on the collar of the corolla. #2. Sepals “minutely ciliate dorsal side with only a few ciliate hairs”. Our plants have the dorsal surface covered with the most densely hirsute bristly hairs I have ever obseiwed on a calyx. #3. "Corolla with apex inflexed, glabrous on both sides”. Our species is densely hirsute on the ventral surface with ciliate edges. The corolla apex does not usually tend to inflexed but is straight. #4. Leaf “upper surface shining deep green sparsely ciliate, ciliate beneath”. Our leaves, although they vary in indentum, are definitely densely pubescent below and seldom if ever sparsely ciliate above (pubescent). #5. Pedicels “sparsely ciliate”. Ours are in all cases densely ciliate (bristly hirsute) with most pointed away from the apex. There are most likely other differences. Until we can recollect on Mt. Apo at this relatively high altitude or find a plant that fits Elmer's description I feel it is necessary to accept our plant as being H. madulidii. With these marked differences I see no alternative. Our species is generally a low land plant and appears to be relatively common. 4 Hoya viracensis Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nova This species was collected by Barbon, Garcia & Alvarez for The Philippine Floral Project on 2 Dec. 1991, at Catanduanes, Virac Biranga, Kalatang. Seashore secondary forest, on clay loam soil, a climber with white sap. Flower is white. Foliage small, 2" long, ovate with long apiculate end; 3/4' wide in the center, peipendicular venation anastomosing. This species has a broad corolla with a small corona, a very small retinacula and large pollinia. Hoya varacensis Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nova., Typus PPI 005658 (PNH) Iso. CAHUP, BISH, etc. neiwatio perpendicularis et dictoneurus similis Hoya greenii Kloppenburg sed folia parva 6.5 cm. logas et rostellatus versus 15-20 cm. longas; calycis lobus rotundatis ciliatis similis Hoya kerrii Craib; corona comparate parvus, differt. The following are photomicrographs taken of flowers from the envelope on the herbarium sheet. edges. Outside glabrous but granulose and inside pubescent (possibly punctate- granulose). Sinus to sinus 0.45 cm. Sinus to apex 0.52 cm Sinus to center 0.47 cm Center to apex 0.80 cm so corolla flattened is 1.60 cm in diameter. Widest 0.45 Inside view of the corolla with Corona still attached enlarged about 16X. Corolla lobes are broad above the sinus with a acute apex, edges roll under a little. Corona is very compact and cupped with inner lobe slightly raised, spatulate and overlap at the center covering veiy short anthers. Outer lobes are raised and very blunt. Whole corona relatively small, outer lobes a long way from nearing the sinuses. Corona sits on a short column 0.14 cm tall, ovaries are broad domed 0.09 cm. tall and 0.07 cm. at the base (pair). Stylar crown capitate, ornate. Anther cases appear to be considerably below the inner coronal scale. Calyx enlarged about 16X. Sepals are ovate, ciliate, overlap almost 3/4. 0.21 cm. tall and 0.20 cm. wide. Pedicel 0.21 cm. long and 0.05 cm. in diameter. Outside view of part of the corolla. It is thick and leathery with even thicker 5 Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Lobes sway backed, inner lobe spatulate, outer lobe well raised and obtuse. Possibly 0.25 cm. long and 0.15 cm. at the broadest. Anther wing to anther wing 0.15 cm. Retinaculum to retinaculum 0.08 cm. Pollinium length: 0.58 mm widest: 0.26 mm Retinaculum length: 0.16 mm shoulder: waist: hip: ext.: 0.03 mm Retinaculum enlarged about 165X. All pollinia had germinated and none attached to the caudieles. Translators length: 0.10 mm. depth: 0.20 mm. Caudicle bulb, diam.0.05 mm. ca. Magnified approximately 1 65 X Hoya viracensis Kloppenburg n.s. Another view of a retinaculum enlarged about 165X, showing there is a shoulder. It is difficult to determine w hich end should be up. This is a very small retinaculum. Overall lengths 0.14 cm or 0.1054 cm less extensions Two pollinia enlarged about 165X. Relatively these pollinia are very large when compared to the small retinaculum. Both have germinated with pollen tubes everywhere. Length 0.53 mm. Width 0.23 mm. Outer apex appears to be rounded, and inner apex narrowing. Pellueid edge difficult to discern. 6 Flowers from Herbarium Sheet CAHUP 5973 All flower have pedicels, calyx and ovaries but no corona. Pedicels: short with slight curve, terete, glabrous, 0.50 cm long and 0.05 cm in diameter. Calyx: ovate 0.25 cm long and 0.20 cm wide with Vi overlap or more, edges ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Ovaries: short domed, 0.08 cm tall and base pair 0.08 cm wide. Inside view of the calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Flowers with no coronas nor petals present. Side view of the pedicel and calyx enlarged about 8X, outer surface of sepals are granulate with ciliate edges. Another picture of the pedicel and calyx. Outside view of the calyx showing the veiy granulate outer surface. Inside view of the calyx. Ovaries are in center but not clear. 7 Hoya lucyae Kloppenburg & Siar Flower cluster sent by David Bicknell from Lilo-an, Cebu, Philippines. Collected by his wife, Luzviminda Bicknell who goes by the name Lucy, January 1 998 at Alcoy, Cebu in forest, elevation 500 m. epiphytic. Flowers pale purple, 0.8 cm. Pedicels 2.5 cm. pale green with purple flecks, glabrous. Calyx pale purple. Peduncle 1 .3 cm. Cluster 28 flowers, geotropic. Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg. This new hoya species is named for Lucy who others are amazed at her ability to spot these plants in the dense jungle forage. I) Uii^ II Hoya lucyae Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nova. Typus #68633 (CAHUP) hie designatus, similis Hoya tsangii Burton ex Kloppenburg cum floribus leviter, style antheras longe superantes, folia non quam succulentus, et margines non revolutis, pollinium multo longorum 0.55 mm. vs. 0.34 mm., differt. Hoya lucyae is similar to Hoya tsangii but different, with flowers only slightly larger, anthers greatly overtopping the style, leaves not as succulent and margins not revolute. Pollinium much longer 0.55 mm. versus 0.34 mm. Leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, margins entire not revolute, somewhat concave above, Enervis, base cuneate, widest toward the outer apex that is acute, fine scattered hair cells especially on new growth on blade, stems, and petioles, all surface 8 Blades 6-10 cm long and 1. 8-2.0 cm at the widest. Glossy deep waxy green above, lighter and duller on the undersurface. Petioles: straight or curved, terete, 0.25 cm in diameter, 1 .5-2 cm long, with small gland at blade juncture or none, matt finish. Intemodes: variable in length, green becoming dull, corky with age, 3-10 cm long. Peduncle: 1.3 cm long, rachis bracteated, 0.5 cm long here, and 0.30 cm in diameter. Side view of the pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 16X. Pedicel: curved, terete, filifoiTn, glabrous. Enlarged toward the calyx base. 0.8 - 2.5 cm. long. Calyx: triangular. 0.10 cm. long and 0.08 cm. wide at the base. Glabrous. upright with the anthers exceeding. Sinus-sinus 0.23 cm Sinus-center 0.20 cm Inside view of the flower enlarged about 13X. Corolla inside pubescence with some apical areas glabrous. Lobes deeply cut, texture membranous, apex acute. Crown in the center bilobed with inner lobes very Ovaries: columnar 0.13 cm. long and base pair 0.07 cm. wide, glabrous. Sinus-apex 0.40 cm Apex-center 0.50 cm Widest 0.25 cm Outside surface of the corolla enlarged about 16X. This surface is glabrous but granulate. Corolla lobes are broad above the sinuses and deeply cut, center is radially thickened outward. Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged to show more detail. The surfaces are scale upright, bilobes turned up at outer apex. Inner lobe spatulate with anther greatly exceeding it. Lobe channeled below. Apex - apex 0. 1 5 cm. Apex - end 0.30 cm. End - center 0.32 cm. 9 Pollinium enlarged about 165X, very unifonn in width the length of the structure, pellucid edge does not reach the lower end. Pollinium length 0.55 mm Widest 0.20 mm Retinaculum, translators and caudicle enlarged as above. Retinaculum length 0.19 mm shoulder 0.08 mm waist 0.07 mm hip 0.08 mm ext. 0.01 mm Translators length 0.18 mm widest 0.08 mm depth 0.02 mm Caudicle bulb diameter 0.07 There are actually two waist areas on the retinaculum and translators enter well down at the 2"*^ waste area. Plant grown in Fresno, Calif 2005 10 Hoya linavergariae Kloppenburg & Siar This hoya species was collected in Isabella Province, Luzon, Philippines and sent by Andres Golamco Jr. to Ben Vergara in Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Flowers from Dr. Monina V. Siar 2006, data from preserved flowers. We have named this new species after Lina M. Vergara who was the chief librarian for the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. She was responsible for establishing the world’s most comprehensive collection of rice literature. The library also contains literature on plants related to rice culture. She joins plant-hunter forays of members of the Philippine plant societies. A Fulbright/Rockefeller fellow, Mrs. Vergara got her introduction to botany and agricultural librarianship at USDA and Columbia University. She once said “I got my Ph.D by marrying my husband Ben Vergara, a National Scientist”. Hoya linavergagaiae Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nov. Typus 68632 (CAHUP) hie designatus, unique diversus ceterus, coronae lobis transformatus magnopere, spatula- curvlobus interiora antheris obductis, cum lobus extus habens extus contiguous, loborum caniculatus instar columnae. Like Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg this new hoya species is unique, one of those species at the extremities of a Genus. Unique in the transformation of the corona. The spatulate inner coronal lobes are curved over the anthers (center of the flower) with the outer lobe then adjacent to the inner lobe having this outer lobe elevated, with the channeled portion of the lobes forming a column below. Pedicel enlarged about 8X. Very slightly curved, terete, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long, an occasional white hair cells pointing apically. Pedicel, calyx and ovaries enlarged about 8X. Sepals are linear, long ciliate with a rounded apex, 0.20 cm. long and at base 0.08 cm. wide, no overlap with small ligules present. Ovaries: narrow columnar, glabrous, 0.18 cm. tall and base pair 0.09 cm. wide. Flower with pedicel and calyx below. Flower is campanulate; sepals do not come near the corolla sinuses, 0.20 cm. from it. Corolla very thin with thicker edges. Corolla lobe apex enlarged about 16X, deeply cut, surface is granulose, glabrous. Edges a little thickened, apex sharply acute. Corolla outside view of the sinus area, edges thickened otherwise very thin textured. Sinus - sinus 0.40 cm. Sinus - center 0.40 cm. Sinus - apex 0.60 cm. Apex - center 1 .00 cm. 12 Corolla lobe inner surfaee enlarged about 16X. Inside surfaee slightly puberulous. Corolla inner surface at the sinus. Edges again thickened. Inner flower surface enlarged as above about 16X. The corona is very small, very upright, inner lobes narrowly spatulate. Ventral surface of lobes exposed outwardly very puffy- rounded, glabrous deeply channeled. The inner lobe is long and thin, outer lobe is modified into a short upright projection (sway backed). Under side of lobe greatly extended with bulbous edges and exposed outwardly as part of a column. A definite modification of the coronal structure differing from other hoya species. Corona side view enlarged about 16X. Anthers not exposed in the center, covered by spatulate curved inner coronal lobes. What would normally be the under side of the outer lobe here forms a channeled column. Apex - apex 0.40 cm. Ret. -ret 0.11cm. Aw. -aw. 0.15 cm. Aw. -ret. 0.10 cm. Aw. - inner apex 0.15 cm. Anther wing measurements made from where the channel turns inward half way down scale exposed side. 13 Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is narrow, thin and curved over the center, hiding the attached obtuse ended anther. At the base the column is prominent. Coronal structure and placement very unusual, due to the shortening of the distance of the dorsal lobe surface and the extending of the (normally) under lobe surfaces. Bottom view of the corona. Central hole is where the ovaries have pulled free. Note the extended anther wings with squared of apices. Pollinarium enlarged about lOOX. Lower portion of the pollinium at the pelucid edge is expanded as in Hoy a australis. Pollinium length 0.77 mm. widest 0.32 mm. Retinaculum length 0.25 mm. shoulders 0.12 mm waist 0.08 mm hip 0.12 mm. ext. 0.02-0.06 mm. materian not fully differentiated Translators length 0.19 mm. depth 0.02 mm Caudicle bulb diam. 0.08 mm. Ret.: poll ratio 1 :2.6 14 More detailed data photos: Inner coronal lobe and portion of dorsal surface of lobe. To the right and at the base of the long curved inner lobe is the short sway backed, modified portion of the outer lobe. Below this is elongated bottom of the channeled lobe. Above: Side view of the coronal lobes showing more detail of the shortened lobe inner lobe area at the top of the digital photo. To the left and below (yellow) is the side of one anther wing 15 Left: View of eoronal lobes above; and below the enlarged lower portion of the lobe. Dark spot is the retinaculum and in yellow, the anther wing between the channeled lobes. Above right: Coronal scale inner apex. Inner lobes are sulcate-stipitate and completely cover the anthers inward. Short outer apical area of lobe and on either side the bulbous extended lower portion of the coronal lobes. In center the dark spot of the retinaculum and below that the anther wings, that at the widest point curve inward centerally and continue on to the base of the coronal lobe area. 16 Above left: View (top) outer lobe apex, Below structure of rest of coronal lobe. More views of the anther wing area of the corona. Inner coronal lobe apex Vertical distance from inner apex to base of the outer lobe is 0.15 cm. apex of outer lobe retinaculum anther wing extending downward channeled lower lobes forming a column. 17 Greatly enlarged apical area of the corona. Inner apex at top, centrally below the dark retinaculum and below that the anther wings; to either side the bulbous under portion of the outer coronal lobes. Two pictures of this plant species sent via e-,mail by Monina Siar. The growth of this plant is similar to Hoya cembra Kloppenburg, Hoya odorata Schlechter and Hoya paziae Kloppenburg except here the leaves are more undulant and rigid reminding me of a holly leaf. Foliage opposite, glabrous blades 4-5 x 1.1 -2. 7 cm. 18 Hoya stoneiana Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nov. The origin of this species is unknown. It has been in the trade for some time as Hoya longifolia pubescent. Under my conditions it is a rapid growing dangling plant and a profuse bloomer. I have named this species in honor of Margie Stone, an avid hoya enthusiast, of Eugene, Oregon, USA. Hoya stoneiana Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nov. Typus CAHUP #68634 ex hort. Fresno, CA hie designatus similis Hoya longifolia Decaisne 1834 Contributions to the Botany of India 36, non Hoya longifolia Miquel 1857 Flora Indiae Bataviae 2:523 cum foliis basi obtusis non attenuatis, plantae puberulous non glabermis, coronae lobis ampulam 0.40 cm. longis vs. 0.25 cm.; pollinia 0.95 mm. longam vs. 0.53 mm., differt. This new species differs from Hoya longifolia Decaisne by having obtuse leaf bases not attenuate, and by being pubescent not glabrous, the coronal lobes are much larger 0.40 cm. long versus 0.25 cm. long and the pollinium are longer 0.95 mm. versus 0.53 mm. Plant from Margie Stone, Oregon, blooming in Fresno CA 5/14/2006, only two flowers from the peduncle with more buds arising in center of rachis. Pedicels sticking straight out. Mostly 5-8 flowers per peduncle. Peduncle: 4-6 cm. long and pubescent, rachis bracteate Pedicel section greatly enlarged, terete, straight, enlarged toward the calyx, 1 .9 cm. long and 0.1 1 cm. in diameter. Pedicel calyx and ovaries side view enlarged about 1 6X. Pedicel is lime green, widest at calyx, calyx lobes sticking straight out, glabrous. Ovaries glabrous, shiny surface, shot domed, 0.15 cm. tall and base pair 0.14 cm. wide. Top view of the calyx and ovaries. Sepals are triangular with membranous edges, thickened in central region, outside tinged rust color, outer surface granulate, apex round- nearly acute, does not cone even half way to the corolla sinuses. 0.23 cm. long 0.12 cm. wide at the base, ligules present. 19 Corolla outside surface at the center, no collar thickening, surface glabrous and finely crystalline. Outside surface of the corolla at the sinus enlarged about 16X. Edges of corolla turn under and are covered with stiff stellate clear cells. Sinus - sinus 0.65 cm. Sinus - center 0.50 cm. Sinus - apex 0.87 cm. Apex - center 1.10 cm. Widest at the sinus, all measurements here in natural state not flattened. Outer surface at of the corolla at the lobe apex enlarged about 16X. Again inner surfaces rolled under and covered with white stellate hair cells. Outer surface glabrous and finely crystalline granulate. Top view of flower center with corona enlarged about 16X. Inner corolla surface is less pubescent in from the lobe edges and under the corona where the hair cells are more matted, less rigid and not nearly as dense. Corona is white with yellow anther wings and rusty colored retinacula. Bottom view of the corona, center is thickened and outer parts of lobes are channeled only for a short distance all surfaces of lobes are plump and glabrous, smoothly rounded, edged finely and diagonally sulcate. Outer lobe ends are obtuse and to some extent emarginate due to narrow side lobes. 20 Coronal center greatly enlarged, inner lobes long and spatulate, do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed, membranous with acute apices. Cupped in from center with sides extending up from there in all directions, outer apex broadly rounded.. Anther wings narrow sharp and apex extended a little and acute. Apex - apex 0.40 cm. Apex - center 0.45 cm. Widest 0.28 cm. Ret. - ret. 0. 1 5 cm. Ret. - center 0.12 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.33 cm. Aw. - center 0.30 cm. This is a very large Pollinarium. The pollinium are among the longest. 21 Pollinarium taken through monocular scope at lOOX with digital camera. Pollinium length 0.95 mm. widest 0.30 mm. Retinaculum length 0.40 mm. shoulder 0.19 mm. waist 0.09 mm hip 0.18 mm ext. 0.04 mm. Translators length 0.12 mm. depth 0.05 mm. Caudicle bulb. diam. 0.08 mm. Ratio: Ret./poll. 2.2 Poll width/length 3.2 Foliage; linear lanceolate 5-8.5 cm. long and 1.5-2. 5 cm. at the widest, waxy dark green, on both surfaces, lighter on underside. Dorsal surface with a few scattered hair cells and more along the edges, ventral surfaces covered with clear curved hair sells. Apex acute to apiculate base mostly obtuse. Petiole green colored pubescent mostly 1 cm. long and grooved above. 22 Picture of my plant, Fresno, California 2005 23 * ' ' < PHOTO GALLERY DESCRIPTIONS " — Top Row Left to Right This issue will feature what I think of as fall colors, the salmons, the pumpkin oranges and the pale melon colors. All of these colors are displayed in the hoya genus. H. chunii P. T. Li.. . This first photo is a real beauty and one of iny very favorites. It was sold commercially for many years as just PNG 6, meaning it was collected in Papua New Guinea and was the collectors number 6. There is some controversy as to whether this plant that we have under this name is the H. reticulata that Schlechter published in 1913. The name reticulata had already been taken so it was given the new name by Dr. P.T. Li in 1984. By any name it is absolutely exquisite and one of the best bloomers around Photo by Christina Karlsson H. fratema B /nine... This is it folks, the real Hoya fratema. I had a chance this past summer to see photos of these flowers in all stages of developement. I can tmly say their is not one stage that is not interesting. The buds are beautiful and when they open, they are breath taking. Within a day, the petals reflex backwards to show off the gorgeous center crown. This melon color of the petals surrounded by the fuzzy white edging and the dark red center are stunning. ...Photo by Mark Randal Center Row Left to Right H. lasiantha Blume ex Korthals...Y\e: heard two different stories about who recently rediscovered this hoya species. If anyone knows for sure, please contact me. It was published back in 1849 by Dr. Karl Blume, as Plocostemma lasianthum. Plocostemma is now a section of the hoya genus. After awhile it kind of faded out of existance for over a hundred years. Many collection trips were made in the quest to find it but to no avail. ..it remained hidden from sight. Sometime around 1997 a few members of a collection group from our organization (The IHA) brought home some cuttings of this plant not knowing what it was. When it finally bloomed it turned out to be the long lost Hoya lasiantha. What a spectacular find! These flowers look like something out of a dream. It’s a hard plant to grow, at least it is for me but well worth the effort Photo by Ann Wayman H. waymaniae Kloppenhurg... This is a plant that I grew for at least 4 years before I ever saw a bloom. Not that it wasn’t a good bloomer. ..it is! but nobody, including me really knew what it liked or didn’t like. We were stumbling in the dark and more or less guessing at how much light it required, amount of water it wanted or didn’t want. I’m sure all of us killed at least one before we finally got the hang of growing and bringing it into flower. Not only is it unique and one of a kind, it also has beautiful felt like foliage and gorgeous pumpkin orange flowers. As an added bonus, it was named in my honor Photo by Ann Wayman Bottom Row Left to Right H. cumingiana Decaisne...A well grown plant of this species is a wonderful sight to behold. The branches have intemodes that are extremely close together and so the leaves are packed very tightly against each other, and are a beautiful emerald green. When in bloom, the flowers can put on a spectacular display of 1 5 to 20 umbels of greenish yellow flowers with a cranbeiTy red crown. H. neoebudica/samoensis... Although this species has been put into synonomy with H. samoensis, I can find no literature to back up this claim, nor can I find any scientific literature on a species with the name of H. samoensis. By any name, it is a beautiful, if somewhat delicate species. The foliage being the delicate part. The flowers are sturdy and long lasting (up to 7 days). It flowers easily and often. The flower petals are flesh colored at the base, radiating into pale brownish orange toward the recurved tips. It has a lovely pearly white crown with an orange center (Photo by Ann Wayman) Gallery Descriptions by Ann Wayman 24 25 ODDS & ENDS Important Information Please Read Buyers Guide & Advertising The rules are very simple: A) Decide if you want a % page ad ($25.00 per issue), a Y2 page ad ($50.00 per issue), or a full page ad ($100.00 per issue). GOOD NEWS! Your ad can be in full color. No Extra Charge! B) Place your camera ready ad copy, PDF format, (via the internet if possible) directly to Ann Wayman at hoyaannie(@aol.com or hoochymama007(@hotmail.com or U.S. mail: Ann Wayman, 4057 Carlton Ave., Central Point Oregon, 97502. Please allow plenty of time to get the ad ready for insertion. C) Payment: The IHA accepts: Checks, cash. Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal (PayPal account name is under hoochymama007(@hotmail.com or fraterna(@povn.com D) Please include payment when you place your ad and monitor your ad expiration date, as your ad will not be included in an issue if payment has not been made. E) Deadline for 1 st quarter 2007 is March 1 st 2007. Magazine due out the 15th of March 2007. BACK ISSUES AVAILABLE We now have back issues available. Years 1996-1999, 2000-2003 and 2004-2005. Each set of years is in a very nice Avery binder with a beautiful 8X10 full color hoya photo on the cover. The 4 year sets are $80.00 per set, postpaid anywhere in the U.S. The 2 year set is $40.00 postpaid in the U.S. Overseas orders, please check with us for postage rates. We hope to have ALL issues available very soon, beginning with the years April, 1988 through 2005. Watch for an announcement in this section of Fraterna. AN IMPORTANT NOTICE In the last issue of Fraterna 19 #3, we ran a photo in our article on Hoya latifolia page number 1 7 taken by the Aloha Hoya team in Hawaii. It has been brought to my attention that Carol Noel, owner of Aloha Hoy as Nursery took that particular photo of H. latifolia with the huge leaves and sells this plant as H. sp. aff latifolia (IML-1590). Membership Subscription & Renewal Fees We are now into a new year and have had to reevaluate the expense of putting out our newsletter. Our financial advisor has made an assessment of the costs and finds that in order to continue publishing and mailing out Fraterna on a quarterly basis with all the pretty photos and to pay other underlying costs, such as State and Federal filing fees, Web Page expenses and dozens of small but necessary expenses, we must out of necessity raise our membership fees. It won’t do any good to raise them by a few dollars, we will still be operating in the hole, so we are going to take a giant step and raise them to $25.00 per year for domestic (USA) and $35.00 per year to our foreign members. This raise will not effect those who took advantage of the 3 year renewal and 3 year new member offer, those will remain paid until their expiration date. We have fought against raising our prices for the past few years, however the time has finally come for all to share the costs of the ever rising prices, instead of just the few who regularly dig into their pockets with donations to help balance out the budget. It is our hope that you will all stay with us and enjoy many more years of hoya information and photos. Ann Wayman, Editor 26