FRATERNA

Official Bulletin for
"International Hoya Association"
1st. Quarter 1994

ISSN 10055-4564

H. linearis Wall.

INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION

(Formerly Hoya Society-West Coast)

P.O. Box 5130
Central Point, OR 97502
(503) 664-6808
A Non-Profit Organization
Bulletin published quarterly.

1993 rates for a 1 year membership, which
includes our quarterly publication are $14.00 per
year, $15.00 per year Canada & Mexico,
Overseas $17.00. All publications shipped
overseas beginning 1st quarter 1994 will be
mailed via surface mail.

Officers And Editors

President
Vice President
Secretary/T reasurer

Dale Kloppenburg
John Scoville
Ann Way man

Editor

Ann Wayman
Board Of Directors

William J. Wayman
Lina Paul
Jerry Williams

David Jones
Rudy Bachmann
Harriett Schapiro

Chuck Everson (Chairman)

Editorial Board

Mary B. Welch
Advertising

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Full page camera ready ad
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You may also send us your handwritten or typed ad
on a plain sheet of paper and one of your business
cards and we will lay out your ad for you. There will
be a one time set-up fee on this extra service of $25.00
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in our newsletter. The deadline for all advertising is:

February 15 for the March issue
May 15 for the June issue
August 15 for the September issue
November 15 for the December issue
We also accept advertising on a per year basis. You
may deduct 10% for the same ad running
consecutively in four issues. Payment in advance,
Please!.

I

Back Issues

Honorary Board Members

Representing Thailand:
Representing Sweden:
Representing Calif:
Representing Hawaii:

Chanin Thorut
Eva Karen Wiberg
Dr. Seymour Linden
Ted Green

Honorary Lifetime Member Loyce Andrews

EDITORIAL POLICY

Errors of fact may occur from time to time in
"Fraterna". It is the policy of the IHA to publish
corrections of fact, but will not comment on
matters of opinion expressed in other
publications.

Catalogue Requests

We now have the thirteen original issues of the
Hoya Society -West Coast newsletter bound as one
publication. The price of this bound text is $25.00
U.S. and $35.00 shipped surface overseas. Due to the
extra pages and pictures in our new publication
"Fraterna", we must, out of necessity, increase our
prices for back issues of "Fraterna" to $4.00 per issue,
$5.00 per issue shipped surface mail overseas.

I

The IHA office does not have dealer catalogs
available. Please address your catalog requests
to the individual dealers, or write to our vice
president, John Scoville who will have a listing of
mail order dealers available by January 1 , 1994.

Please send a self addressed, stamped
envelope. John’s address is 651 Aram Ave., San
Jose, Calif. 95128. In some instances there is a
charge for these catalogs which is normally
refunded with your first order.

I

/

From the left: Frances Wilkes, Ted Green, Harriett Shapiro

Ted Green’s Slide Presentation Of 'the World Of Hoyas" Was A Big Success At
The Annual San Diego Hoya Group’s Christmas Party

In honor of our 4th annual Christmas Party, Ted Green of Hawaii was asked to be our guest
speaker and show us slides of hoyas that he has seen and collected around the world. It was a
wonderful show, with slides of Thailand’s market place, the jungles of New Guinea, Borneo, Guam,
the Philippines.. .places where Ted has been, exploring and collecting hoyas over the past 20 years.
61 people attended. ..another record breaking Christmas dinner attendance! As usual, the King’s Inn
dinner was delicious! Roast Baron of Beef, Chicken Teriyaki, all the trimmings.. .and a piece of Black
Forest Cake! Talk about the forthcoming Hoya Auction in March brought a lot of hands up in the air
from volunteers who wish to bring plants. It seems that last year’s auction was such a success, that
everyone wanted to do it again this coming year. Looks like 1994 will be a banner year once again
for the San Diego Hoya Group!

Chuck Everson
SDHG Reporter

Speaking of Hoyas

As most of you read in our last bulletin, we have a new Round Robin Director for the International
Hoya Association. She is Harriett Schapiro, and she hails from San Diego, California.

Harriett is experienced in Round Robins, having been involved in them on and off for about 15
years. Harriett just retired as a full professor of Biology at the University of California, at San Diego,
and confesses she has a "little extra time". So keep those Robins flying as we greet Harriett as our

new Director.

FROM THE STAFF AND ALL THE MEMBERS OF IHA "WELCOME HARRIETT"

2

Cover Photo
H. linearis Wallich

Photo by Bob Stone

Avery distinctive hoya species with long, narrow
and extremely furry leaves and stems. These
leaves are not just narrow, but are actually not
much thicker than heavy thread, and thus the
name linearis which means linear, or "like a line".
This species comes to us from the Himalayas and
for most of us, is one of the more difficult hoyas to
root and grow. The problems in growing this plant
seems to be due to the fact that it is excessively
sensitive to both wet and dry conditions, and also
to both heat and cold.

In its native habitat, this species is found
hanging over the sunny faces of granite rocks and
bouldersatapproximately2000m.(6000feet).The
time honored procedure for rooting cuttings of this
species has always been in a mixture of sand or
coarsely ground pumice and a small amount of
compost. They will root very readily in this mix if it
is kept evenly moist, but difficulties arise if the mix
dries out or if the plant itself becomes wet from
careless watering or from a misting system. These
fuzzy leaves will not tolerate wet or dry conditions
in the unrooted state and will demonstrate their
dislike by dropping all their leaves.. .once the
leaves are gone, so is your cutting.

If you have been lucky enough to get a good set
of roots, either leave your plant in the rooting mix
and start a regular feeding program, or repot in as
small a pot as will hold the roots. ..again using
coarsely ground pumice if available (you may have
to buy large chunks and break them up with a
hammer) and your regular potting mix. The idea is
to keep the mix as loose and fast draining as
possible. Never use harsh chemicals such as
systemic poisons on this plant. This is a perfect
candidate for the "flea collar in the pot method".
Hunt around until you find a dog flea collar that
contains lindane. ..most veterinary offices still carry
these. The new brands that are not supposed to
hurt the environment, also don’t do a thing for
insect pests. Cut a one inch piece of collar and
keep in the pot at all times.. .replace every 5 weeks

or so. If you should get a few pests even with using
the collar, a light spray with a half and half mixture
of alcohol and water should be sufficient to get rid
of them. Rinse your plant thoroughly with a hard
spray of warm water to remove the dead bugs.
Warm water will not hurt a healthy plant that is
growing well.

There isn’t much that can be said forthe flowers.
They are small, and the corolla is white and slightly
fuzzy. The corona can be pale pink or dull yellow.
It flowers on the tip ends of the stems and if the
plant has been pruned to force side branches
(which also hang down), the plant can have flowers
blooming its entire length. The flowers do have a
lovely fragrance.

The few people who have been really successful
in growing this plant all have pretty much the same
growing conditions.. .often cool, but rarely cold.
Comfortably warm in summer, but never hot.
Some of the places in the U.S.A. that fit this criteria
as far as temperature is concerned is the coastal
cities of Oregon and Washington state, and along
the California coast. There are very few areas
inland that are ideally suited for good growth
without a temperature controlled atmosphere. We
have received mail from a few members from the
coastal southern states that have reported
satisfactory but not abundant growth. The plant on
our cover was photographed in New Zealand and
judging from the size and lavish growth it would
seem that New Zealand is the worlds most ideal
place to grow this species.

By Ann Wayman

3

The New Zealand/ Australia
Adventures of Bob &
Margie Stone

On November 1 4, 1 993, our daughter Kim dropped
us at the Eugene, Oregon airport. There had been
many times during the past year that we weren’t sure
that we would be able to make this trip, but here we
were about to begin our journey.

We left Eugene about 2:00 p.m. It was clear and
cold, the temperature having dropped to 25 degrees F.
that morning. Most of the frost had disappeared except
for some shady areas. A beautiful day for our 40 minute
flight to Portland. The plane for this leg of our journey
was a real "puddle jumper", carrying only 12
passengers. Our pilot was also crew and steward. ..and
as such was responsible for all the housekeeping
chores such as storing our backpacks and explaining
what to do in case the plane went down etc.

On arriving in Portland we learned that due to a
heavy snowfall in Colorado all planes going through
the Denver airport had been delayed for an hour or
more, and that of course included ours. Once it arrived
however, it was quickly serviced and loaded for our
flight to Los Angeles. Much of the lost time was made
up and we were only one half hour behind our
schedule.

We were met at Los Angeles International Airport by
hoya friend, Krista Landrum, husband Danny and son
Glen. We had a happy but speedy reunion during our
two hour lay over, as the Landrums had to leave early
so son Glen could get to bed in order to attend school
the next day.

Once again our take-off flight was delayed as planes
were still arriving from the snowy Denver area with
passengers that would be accompanying us on our
flight.

As soon as we got off the ground, the flight
attendants served us trays of snacks (?) that were as
large as most of their meals. Since it was close to
midnight by this time, we relished it as a midnight
snack, then settled down to try to sleep for the rest of
the 1 2 hour flight across the Pacific Ocean.

Almost before we knew it breakfast was being
served and we were getting ready to land at Auckland
(pronounced Oakland) New Zealand.

After picking up our luggage and going through
customs, we started looking for our hoya friend Betty
Gross who was going to pick us up at the airport.
Having met only through correspondence.. .we were
looking for a lady carrying an epiphyllum (orchid
cactus) flower. Those big flowers are easy to spot, and
we quickly headed for Betty and David Gross.

After preliminary introductions all around, David and
Bob loaded our luggage in the boot, which is what New
Zealanders call the back end of a station wagon or
trunk of a car, then we were on our way to the Gross
home. We held our breath several times, especially
going around corners because we’re used to pulling
into the right hand lane to make our turns and driving
on the right side of the road. Over there, they do just
the opposite.. .they pull into the left lane because that’s
the lane they will be driving in. It took a bit of doing to
get used to.

I must admit that we dragged our feet considerably
before entering the house. ..we were too busy oohing
and aahing over all the beautiful flowers in the yard, but
it didn’t take Bob very long to unpack his camera and
get back out there.

As a bit of trivia for all of you folks who have grown
the Norfolk Island Pine as a house plant.. .Betty and
David have one growing in their front yard as large as
the Douglas Firs that grow in the Forests of Oregon.

We viewed the shade house and glasshouse
(greenhouse) containing hoyas and the lath house full
of beautiful blooming epiphyllums.

After lunch our hosts took us for a drive around
Auckland. Auckland has many extinct volcanoes
around town that look like small hills. Many are being
used to quarry rock and gravel. We stopped at the rose
gardens before returning to the Gross home for more
picture taking and a terrific roast pork dinner.

Needing to get my daily walk in, I joined David in
taking Honey their dog for a walk, while Bob stayed
behind to take more pictures. The walk turned out to
be longer than anticipated. We went all the way to the
top of a view point located near David and Betty’s home
called "One Tree Hill". The Maori name for this hill is
Maungakiekie, and from this view point the entire
surrounding area of Auckland is visible.

4

On Wednesday we left early for a drive into the bush.
Being a wet day the view wasn’t as good as our hosts
had hoped for, but we felt right at home as it was very
much like a typical winter day in Oregon. We stopped
at a native plant park, but the weather was too damp
to venture out. We did look around the visitors center
and ate lunch at the picnic tables (under cover).

We returned to Auckland and to the glasshouses at
the Wintergarden (A type of Botanical Garden). The
warm glasshouse had a most impressive specimen of
Hoya linearis. As a special treat for our hoya friends
who seldom get to see even a small plant of this
species, Bob took lots of pictures.

After a short afternoon rest, we went out for a
smorgasbord supper at Valentines. Yes... I blew my
diabetic diet that night! what delicious food. Lots of
seafood, and Bob even sampled the pickled octopus.

Thursday morning we took the bus into downtown
Auckland to hit the tourist traps and buy souvenirs.
After several near collisions with other pedestrians,
Bob discovered that New Zealanders use the same
side of the sidewalk as they do the street.. .the left side.

Thursday evening wasthe Auckland Epiphyllum and
Hoya Society Christmas party. I have been a member
of this society for quite some time and many new
friends were made. ..some also going on to Wellington
for the convention there.

Leaving at 6:00 a.m. on friday morning, we headed
south to Wellington with Betty and David. The terrain
and vegetation changed continually, from pastures
where sheep grazed, to desert conditions, and from
nearby snow capped mountains to the ocean beaches
outside of Wellington.

Stopping around noon for CNG* (Compressed
Natural Gas) and a bite to eat, we were greeted by a
strong, sharp, cold wind as we got out of the car.
Instead of eating at nearby picnic tables, we ate in the
car.

* The CNG tank was located inside the station
wagon and all the way to the back. When the tank is
empty it becomes icy, and food can be kept cool
against the tank. When the CNG tank is empty they can
switch to a petrol tank, but they prefer the CNG as it is
less expensive to use.

Although sheep seem to be everywhere in New
Zealand, we saw many deer and elk farms along the

way. The meat from these farms are exported. The
cattle are used mostly for milk and cheese products
rather than for meat. Many New Zealanders still use
pure cream for coffee and tea, pouring 1/4 cup of
cream into the cup first.

We arrived in Wellington at 3:30 p.m. and since Betty
was tired from driving most of the way, the two of us
decided to walk to the church where the meeting was
to be held. After getting information on the meeting
schedules, we wandered around picking up huge
sausage links (bangers) and 1/2 dozen eggs for
breakfast the next two mornings. Little mom & pop
grocery stores and meat markets with meat hanging in
the windows are among the many stores in the
downtown shopping area.

We returned to the motel with all of the details for the
convention, and since the get-acquainted session
wasn’t scheduled to start until 7:00 p.m. we all decided
to walk the short distance and stopped for fish & chips
on the way. Once again we made many new friends at
the opening session of the convention.

On Saturday morning, the first short session was
skipped due to the fact that I don’t raise any of the
plants being discussed, and besides it seemed like the
only chance we would have to walk around and do
some sight-seeing inthetown of Wellington. We arrived
back in time for morning tea, followed by a couple of
workshops. The first that we attended was of special
interest being on photography.. .especially competition
type photos. The second was on growing epiphyllums.
I learned enough to know that I will be spending the
next couple of months pruning my epis.

Lunch was served by the ladies of the church
followed by a talk given by the Reverend Jane Griffith
on "small flowered epiphyllums" (Jane is small also).
Then we were off to visit three plant collections. They
consisted mostly of epiphyllums as it is very difficult to
bring hoyas (orany othertype plant) into New Zealand.
The quarantine regulations are really tough. We even
had to sit on the plane an extra 5 or 10 minutes while
members of the crew went up and down the aisles
spraying with cans of pyrethrum. They don’t want any
pests in New Zealand.

The most impressive display we saw that day was
the epiphyllum collection of Jane and Roy Griffith. Roy
had hauled 3 tons of rock, one by one down a hill that
he had hollowed out to form the back wall of the
glasshouse. This included a shelf made out of the rock
to display the epiphyllums. A unique setup! Like so
many of us, a few plants started an addiction.

5

Our driver for the day, Herman Kortink, took us
around the harbor and showed us some other sights
around Wellington before returning us back to the
church.

While the ladies of the church put the finishing
touches on the evening meal, slides of epiphyllum
flowers were shown.

After another delicious meal, we returned to the
meeting room for hoya slides from the International
Hoya Association, some slides on aporophyllums and
the rest of the epiphyllum slides. After a fairly wet day,
the walk back to the motel around 10:00 p.m. was
pleasant and dry.

On Sunday morning tea and coffee were served at
8:00 a.m. with workshops starting at 8:30. First we
attended one on growing Christmas Cactus, and the
second was on growing hoyas. The leader of the hoya
session, Morris Tarr, has developed some unique hoya
supports. I brought back samples of 4 different styles
to show to the Eugene Hoya Society. I was so
impressed with one version, that I brought back 20 of
them. It’s a wonder all the buzzers didn’t go off at the
airport... they didn’t! but we did get some curious looks
after our luggage went through the Xray machine.

After mid-morning tea we headed for the Otari
Gardens featuring native New Zealand plants. After
listening to a short discourse about the plants, we
headed out for a nature walk. Many trees contain other
plants that root in the crotch of branches, sending roots
to the ground. Over many years, some types of plants
will completely take over the host tree eventually killing
it. One example is Ficus aurea the Strangler Fig. The
weather was wet, but didn’t seem to discourage
anyone. A box lunch was served (inside) at the
gardens, before heading out to view six more
collections. Four were small, but impressive. One
collection was growing happily in a small six sided
glasshouse, which we heard was gaining popularity
there. Other collectors had small conventional type
greenhouses or lath houses.. .another had enclosed
part of a deck forming a greenhouse.

Wellington has many micro-climates. Some areas
might get a few days of frost, but very few greenhouses
were equipped with any type of heating device. One
greenhouse we visited had a small computer fan for
circulation.

The largest collection of hoyas was that grown by
Morris Tarr. In addition to his hoyas, he also raises
bromeliads, tillandsias, and epiphyllums. Another very

impressive collection was that of Herman Kortink. His
large glasshouse displayed desert cactus. A gorgeous
specimen in the center of his glasshouse was easily ten
feet tall. ..and getting ready to bloom. His display
certainly puts many of the desert cactus collections at
the botanical gardens to shame.

A barbecue was held at Herman’s home, with
enough food to feed an army. As the barbecue was
drawing to a close, the Wellington Epiphyllum and
Hoya Society presented each of "The Yanks" with
t-shirts printed with Wellington’s logo
"Absolutely. .Positively. .Wellington". We had been
treated so well, and had such a wonderful time, that we
both sat with tears in our eyes. ..reluctant to leave.

Since our earlier driver, Pat O’Neill lived in the area,
our driver back into town was Peter Beeston. Peter and
his wife Alison asked us if we had managed to see
certain things in Wellington. ..When we said "NO", they
proceeded to show us around town, stopping for a
pitstop at their printing and binding shop. The last stop
was at Mount Victoria, where we got to see all the lights
of Wellington by night.

Monday morning our taxi picked us up at 5:30 a.m.
We had to be at the airport by 6:00 for a 7:00 a.m. flight
back to Auckland. After going through a necessary
transfer from Ansett to United airport, and a few
minutes to spend the rest of our New Zealand money
on souvenirs (mainly for grandkids) we were off to
Melbourne. Although we had five hours in Melbourne
before our flight, we decided to remain at the airport
and browse through the many shops there and I could
get caught upon the events of the weekend in my travel
journal. ..Bob slept!

From Melbourne we changed planes at Brisbane,
and was served supper on both flights. The trip from
Brisbane to Cairns was bumpy due to lightning storms
in the area.

As we stepped out of the airport at Cairns, we felt as
though we had entered a sauna. The climate was warm
and humid. Very different than the weather conditions
we had just left in Wellington.

We were up early the next morning to enjoy
breakfast in the motel dining room before boarding the
bus that was to take us to Mareeba and the nursery of
David & Iris Liddle. The bus driver let us off at the top
of Red Hill, just across the road from the nursery. Iris
had been waiting for us, but since our bus was running
late, she had given up and went back to the house. Her
guinea hens let her know that we had arrived!

6

After visiting for a few minutes, we moved out to the
huge shade houses where the hoyas are grown.
Although many pots do not have name tags.. .Iris
knows exactly where everything is and what is in
bloom. We spent 3 hours or so in the shade houses
with Iris taking hoya cuttings for me and Bob taking
pictures of the flowers.

Iris told us that kangaroos came right up to their
back yard. ..usually in the mornings. She has peacocks
roaming around, as well as the guinea fowl. She also
raises a certain type of parrot and some ducks.

She showed us some photo albums and two more
hoyas were added to my list. There were several new
arrivals from New Guinea and the Philippines, and
many of these were just starting to bloom and needed
to be identified or in a few cases they were considered
really new and not just rediscoveries of old
species. ..these would be published with descriptions
and names.

Iris served us a beautiful lunch of large prawns and
green salad with litchi fruit for dessert. After lunch she
drove us back to our motel.

It was hard to believe that we were in what was
considered to be rainforest. It sure didn’t resemble the
rainforests that we see on television. The trees were
green, but the area was extremely hot and dry. We
wondered how hoyas could survive in this habitat.
Some of the Australian hoyas come from Kuranda and
the Atherton range where they possibly have more rain
at the higher elevations.

Early Wednesday morning we were off to a different
rainforest area hoping to see some hoyas growing in
nature, but the bus was moving much too fast to
determine if any of the vines that hung down in
profusion were hoyas. We passed many sugar cane
fields and several were in the process of being
harvested. We learned that because of low prices for
sugar cane, more and more cane fields are being torn
out and replaced by palm tree farms. Large palm trees
are very profitable as they are used extensively in
landscaping.

Our first stop of the day was at the "Bat House". A
fruit bat called a "flying fox" was displayed there. Bob
tried to take some pictures and the bat kept reaching
out with the tip of her wing to grab Bob’s hand (the tip
of their wings is called a thumb). The caretaker said the
bat wanted him to come closer so she could lick him.
Bob said. .."No thanks, I’m not offering the lady lunch

on this date, I only want to take her picture". Margie
kept her distance!

I spotted a hoya and struck up a conversation with
its owner. She told me it was a native growing hoya that
she had dug out of the ground and planted near the
porch. It was a large, smooth leaf australis, and now
trailed all over the porch railing.

Another brief stop was at the kangaroo rehab center
where injured kangaroos are taken to recuperate.
Those that are nursed back to health are released back
into the wild. Others that are injured too severely to
survive in the wild are kept permanently at the rehab
center.

From there we proceeded on for morning tea at
DaintreeTea House. Tea is grown near the tea house,
and is mowed with a machine similar to a large lawn
mower. All the tea plants were mowed at the same
height. The coffee was grown near Mareeba. Hoya
lacunosa was growing in baskets along the patio of the
tea house. Outside we were shown a frog faced owl
that looked very much like part of the tree until he
turned his head. Also flying around were some beautiful
blue butterflies. They didn’t stay in one spot long
enough for picture taking, so I bought a postcard with
a picture of one on the front.

After tea we took an hour cruise down the Daintree
River. Our guide didn’t spot any crocodiles but he was
very well acquainted with the different birds, their calls
and their nests along the way.

Our bus driver met us at the end of the cruise and
we headed on to Cape Tribulation. ..so named because
of all the trials and tribulations that Captain Cook and
his crew had off the point. While we were there, I just
had to take off my shoes, walk the beach and dip my
toes in the warm Coral Sea. As an added bonus, I found
some tiny sand dollars.

In the Cape Tribulation area there is no electricity.
The motels and restaurants have large generators that
generate power to run their equipment. There was two
solar phone booths in the area. We stopped for lunch
at a place called Coconut Beach. The resort there has
no television, radio, or phones. Since there was only
one other person on this tour, we agreed to cut lunch
short in order to visit an orchid nursery that we had
seen on the way.

Heading back down the gravel road which is only
one lane in many places, it started to rain. The bus
driver told us the road crews were getting ready to put

7

an asphalt/tar combination, called betchei (Hoya
betchei is a familiar name to many hoya collectors, but
with a different connotation. I believe it was named for
a person named Betch) on the road to keep the dust
down and improve travel conditions for the many
tourist buses. This is a controversial issue as many of
the local residents feel that it will ruin the wilderness
setting that is the main attraction for the tourists. It
rained quite hard for awhile and our driver was hoping
it would continue, even though he had a ten mile ride
home on a motor scooter. The next morning we heard
that this had been the best... and for some areas, the
first rain in over two years.

By the time we reached Wonga Belle Orchids
Garden, the rain had stopped. Again we saw many
hoyas blooming on the porch. Hoya ciliata was in full
bloom with gorgeous, very dark purple (almost black
flowers). All of the orchids at this nursery are grown in
raised beds of gravel with sand underneath for fast
drainage. The only drawback being that there are no
nutrients in this medium, so the plants must be fertilized
regularly. The orchids at this nursery are used mainly
for the cut flower trade, and are shipped all over
Australia. Mostly dendrobiums as the blooms last
longer, but also some cattleya, vandas, and various
other varieties. We asked about cymbidiums, and were
told that it was too warm in this region to grow
cymbidiums.

Reluctantly we climbed aboard the bus and headed
back for Cairns. It was raining hard again when we
arrived back at the motel, never-the-less, we still
allowed ourselves a refreshing hour long dip in the
motel swimming pool.

Since we had discovered that we would have to pay
duty (a customs fee) on any purchases sent through
the mail, but were allowed $400.00 each duty free as
carry on purchases in the plane, we decided to mail our
dirty clothes home (there is no customs fee on dirty
clothes), thereby making more room in our luggage for
all the gifts and souvenirs that we had purchased.

We returned back to the motel just in time to catch
our taxi for the airport. It was a three hour flight to
Sydney, but we had to move our watches an hour
ahead to match Sydney time which is an hour laterthan
it is in Cairns. It was too late to do much except find
something to eat and relax. We decided on fish & chips
again, and were back in the motel and sound asleep
by 8:00 p.m.

Friday morning, it was up early (again), had
breakfast in our room and walked the short distance to

Wooloomooloo Hotel where we caught the tour bus for
the wild life park. We drove by the site where
preparations are already in progress for the Olympic
games in the year 2000.

Once at the park, we had to rush to see everything.
There were lots of those cute little Koalas, and an area
where we could walk right in and feed the kangaroos.
We were warned about the emu (a giant bird in the
ostrich family) who also likes to get fed and gets quite
pushy if ignored. The park contains many native
Australian animals and birds.

We were returned to the Circle Quay area where we
had transferred from the pickup bus to the wild park
bus, and told that it was up to us to get back to our
motel. We were near an area called "The Rocks" and
was where the prisoners were brought and isolated in
the early days of Sydney.

We decided to have lunch in The Rocks district and
maybe do some last minute shopping. There were little
shops everywhere, and we were able to find almost
every item that we hadn’t found in other places. After
walking around all afternoon, we decided to take the
bus back even though the motel was just across the
way through the botanical garden. After a brief rest at
the motel, we went to a small cafe we had seen nearby,
and was back to our room and sound asleep shortly
after 8:00 p.m.

The last morning in Australia we had breakfast at the
same little cafe as the night before, then headed for the
botanical gardens which opened at 8:00 a.m. To our
disappointment the tropical glasshouses didn’t open
until 10:00 making it too late to go through them at a
leisurely pace and still return to our motel in time for
the shuttle bus to pick us up for the airport. Instead we
decided to check out the noise that a group of white
cockatoos were making. An opossum was in a tree,
and one very aggressive bird kept pulling the
opossum’s tail. The cockatoos were finally chased off
allowing the little animal to come down out of the tree.

Strolling on through the botanical garden, we ended
up at the back side of what is probably the most famous
building in Sydney, the Sydney Opera House.. .a fitting
memorial to a trip filled with memories.

Before we knew it, we were headed home. The time
had gone by all too fast. There were many things left
unseen, many things left undone. ..maybe next time!

By Margie Stone

8

More on Mealies

Just when we thought it was safe to go back into the
greenhouse, WHAT.. .another outbreak of mealie
bugs! Good grief, is there no way to stop these
monsters? Everyone who has ever grown plants in the
milkweed family has, no doubt, had similar thoughts.

What are mealie bugs, and why do they find
Asclepiads so appealing? First off, mealie bugs are tiny
sucking insects that belong to the same insect order as
scale insects. They can start their lives as live young or
in some species they hatch out from eggs. At first they
are not much more than microscopic dots, too small to
be seen with the naked eye. Before their first day of life
is half over, they have begun to crawl to other areas of
the host plant. They can also drift to other plants on air
currents or hitch a ride on clothes or animal fur. On arrival
at a suitable location (usually the crotch of a branch or
main rib of a leaf), they immediately set up
housekeeping. ..usually in groups of 4 to 1 0 and begin to
suck the sap from the stems and leaves of plants. A very
probable clue to the attraction they have for these plants
is in the family common name of "Milkweed". The name
alone conjures up visions of a delicious and refreshing
beverage. As with all sucking insects, the sap of plants
is not just a refreshment, but theirtotal means of survival.
As they feed they exude a white waxy matter that
resembles small clumps of cotton. These cottony
masses expand as the bugs secrete more and more of
this waxy substance. Within these gooey shelters the
mealie bug population is increasing at an alarming rate
as each female can lay up to a dozen eggs a day, or bear
at least that many live offspring, most of them females
(there are normally 1 winged male produced for every 50
females, and only in autumn), and it is suspected that like
aphids they are born pregnant, so each has the
capability to crawl away and start other colonies, even
without the benefit of a male. It’s easy to see how an
entire collection of plants can be infested with these
pests in a very short time.

The major problem is "how to get rid of them". Is there
a cure.. .is there some way to control them without using
deadly poisons? Almost everyone seems to have a
system of control of some sort, ranging from soap and
water baths, spraying with onion and garlic soup, a spray
of red pepper, flour and water to make a light paste,
vegetable oil mixed with soap and water, rubbing alcohol
etc. etc. All of these methods help to some degree in that
many of the young are destroyed. As for the adults that
are protected within their cottony sanctuaries, a
substance that will melt this wax coating is a necessity.
Rubbing alcohol, used straight from the bottle is by far
the preferred solution for adult bugs. It will melt through
the wax and kill the bugs concealed inside. Afterthe adult
bugs have been sprayed thoroughly, spray the entire

plant, including stems and all leaf surfaces to be sure to
kill any babies that are still crawling around and yet too
small to be seen. You may use a 1/2 and 1/2 mixture of
water and alcohol for this second spraying. Since
nobody likes to see clumps of dead bugs on plants, it
would also be a good idea to rinse the plants thoroughly
with a hard spray of clear water to wash off dead bugs
and give your plant a fresh clean appearance.

Another product that is gaining in popularity as an
insect control is an Amway product called LOC. It is used
at 1 tablespoon for each gallon of water, and sprayed at
5 to 7 day intervals. Those who have used it are reporting
excellent results. Harriett Schapiro, our Round Robin
Director is asking our Round Robin participants, and
other members who have tried this product to please
write and give us your firsthand impression of this
product as an insect control.

All of the above recommendations are merely control
methods, they are not a cure! In fact, if there is a cure for
the mealie bug problem, it has been well concealed.
They seem to build an immunity to even the deadliest
poisons very quickly, and a period of from one to three
years is the longest that we can expect any poison
ingredient to be effective against them. ..then we try
something else. It’s almost impossible to discuss pests
as persistent as the mealie bug and not examine the use
of poisons to some degree. Some of the granular
systemic poisons produced for roses and other outdoor
plants are becoming popular. Their popularity seems to
arise from the fact that the granules are added directly
to the soil in the pot and watered in, they are also much
more reasonably priced than products made especially
for indoor plants and yet have much the same
ingredients. Contrary to what the label seems to suggest,
they can safely be used on most indoor potted plants,
but it is not advisable to use them in the home where food
is prepared or where people and pets are exposed to the
toxic fumes. In a greenhouse, sun porch or lath house
they can be very useful in keeping the mealie bug
population to practically zero. If you prefer a liquid that
is sprayed on, ‘ISOTOX’ is a superior product that will
eradicate aphids when all else fails, and is also very good
for total kill of exposed mealies. In order for any of these
methods to work.. .including the poisons, you must be as
persistent in your timetable as the bugs are in theirs.
Spray with whatever you prefer to use on a regular basis
even if you don’t see any bugs, add fresh systemic
granules at the proper time (usually every 5 to 8
weeks). ..and if you see just a few bugs, don’t turn your
back on them hoping they will go away, they won’t! Roll
up your sleeves, flex your muscles and Wage War.

By Ann Way man

9

Back in 1977 and for about 5 years after, David
Silverman and I were trying to find a source of H.
imbricata. I wrote to collectors and orchid nurseries in
the Philippines, sent pictures and drawings but to no
avail. I received many plants.. .all Dischidia imbricata,
but none of Hoya imbricata. About 1982 or so, Dexter
Heuschkel of Manila, sent me a box of cuttings of the
true H. imbricata, half rotted but also half alive. Those
few that hadn’t gone to hoya heaven, grew well, and I
finally got to see what this species looks like in theflesh.

I have just returned (1 November 93) from another
trip to the Philippines.. .this time to the island of
Palawan, where I spent 10 days collecting with David
and Odette Cumming of Brisbane, Australia. I wanted
to visit Palawan as its flora is closer to Borneo than the
rest of the Philippines. Incidently, Calawan (as Callery
spelled it 1 50 years ago) is the source of the type of H.
imbricata. And boy, did we see tons of it!

Puerto Princesa is the capitol of this island and is
located about the middle and on the south-eastern side
of the island. This is where we stayed most of the time
and made trips out from there. This side of the island
has a pronounced maximum rain period and a short

dry season lasting only 1 to 3 months. We arrived at
the beginning of the dry? period, but the impassable
mud holes in the roads hadn’t looked at the calendar.

From Puerto Princesa, going south toward Brooke’s
Point, for about 100 miles, we saw H. imbricata on all
kinds of trees but predominantly on Samanea (Monkey
Pod) and Mango. It and H. diversifolia were the 2 most
common hoyas of the lowland areas.

The plant might be anything from a small specimen
only 3 feet long to a giant that took over the entire inside
of a moderately large Samanea. The leaves were
between 2 and 4 inches in diameter, dark green to dark
red (depending on the light) and all with silver blotches
(I saw none that were all green) on the upper surface
and drab purple underneath. There was nu sinus of the
leaf but where the sinus should be, was always up or
toward the new growth. I make a point of mentioning
this because Von Koorders, the German botanist’s
illustrations, show these leaves with the sinus down
AND (the greatest error) with the flower umbel pointing
upward. I have also seen herbarium sheets with the
stem and flowers upside down! In this species the
umbel always hangs down with the corona pointed

10

towards the earth. A full day after opening, the corolla
(or petals) reflexes its tips to form a ball. Some
illustrators have drawn this plant with the corolla
flattened. ..showing that it was either coming or going,
and certainly not in its prime. This same mistake has
been made with drawings of H. coriacea.

All of the plants that we saw were of the smaller
flowered form with 1/4 inch, whitish-buff colored
flowers and they were all flowering in profusion. In one
view, looking up from about 15 ft. under them, I
counted 20 umbels in flower. At that distance, I couldn’t
see the zillions of black stinging ants that live under the
leaves and work the whole plant. Despite what Merrill
said, the flowers do have a fragrance. ..sweet, heavy
and a bit musty.

We traveled to another location taking the road
through the prison farm to the recreational area on the
river. There the Mango trees were loaded with red
leaved plants and some had seed pods. Of course we
collected some. Incidentally, with my eyesight, going
down a bumpy, unpaved road at 20 mph, 1 could not
pick them out but David and Odette sure could!!

Later on, during side trips to the north and east of
the island, we found other patches of H. imbricata but
nothing like the stretch between PP and BP.

Thinking back to all of the drawings that I sent out,
showing and explaining the difference between Hoya
imbricata and Dischidia imbricata. ..nowhere did I see
the two growing together. A very unfriendly attitude!.

So, if you want to see tons of H. imbricata.. .go to
Manila and turn south to Palawan.

Ted Green

Write for my free Asclepiad or Orchid lists.
Always something new from far away places
with strange sounding names.

A large tree limb reaching high into the air hosts a giant sized plant of H. imbricata.

11

BIRD TRACKS

I HA Robin # 1--1/94--John Scoville--Calif. I am much
impressed that there is so much Master Gardner
activity in our robin. Although only slightlu related to our
devoted Hoya endeavors I hope Harriette will mention it
to our editor, Ann, to see to see if there are any others. I
volunteer quite often on Wednesday mornings for
hot-line duty and was involved in same this morning. I
love doing it as it often gets me chasing through the
books and getting back to the callers. We have a great
reference library and many pamphlets, UC publications,
and personal notes to get us by. I am especially wrapped
up with the California Rare Fruit Growers and I am now
the acting chairperson until I can get a patsy to take the
thing over. Along with the docent work with the UCCE in
Santa Cruz at the 25 acre organic garden I am involved
as a special garden coordinator/patsy at the Campbell
Museum and Ainsley House gardens.

I have been battling the oleander aphid (that insipid
orange thing) and rubbing alcohol in the hand sprayer
isn’t doing the job. I brought out the mild spray, Ortho
Formula III, and it isn’t cutting it either so I must take the
sublime and use Cygon. I have never used it before as I
don’t like chemicals but I like hoyas better than bugs so
the bugs have to go! This will require work and I hate that
but it is necessary.

IHA Robin # 1 --2/94--Harriette Schapiro-Calif. The
June meeting for the San Diego Hoya Group is June 26.
It will be held at Rainbow Gardens, and the tentative topic
is growing those difficult Hoyas. A discussion on growing
conditions again. Our Pot Luck will be a bring your own
barbecue and share salads. The September meeting is
the 18th and the food theme is another Mexican Fiesta.
The Holiday Meeting is a catered dinner on December
1 1 . For those of you who have not been to one of our
meetings, you can tell we all love to eat and gossip. We
do talk Hoyas eventually. Back to your new H. linearis
cutting, John. Lee Phelps and Jean Beck both grow and
bloom their plants in a relatively cool section of their
yards: Lee on his patio, Jean under a tree in a relatively
sheltered yard. Try growing it in a cooler section of the
green house or inside the house. It might bloom better
under the harsher conditions.

One last quick comment on the oleander aphids and
other critters. At one of the meetings last year, we were
discussing bugs etc. California now has some very
restrictive rules on the use of pesticides. Lee, in his part
time nursery job, said that they had switched to
something that was not regulated, Amway’s LOG. This is
a biodegradable detergent, that he was using at one
tablespoon to the gallon. It seems to kill any insect it
contacts! You just have to be consistant and spray every
third day for two to three weeks with FRESH solution. It
cannot be stored diluted and still be effective. I have tried
it and it does seem to work. Besides that you can

effectively take a bath in the stuff and not worry about
toxicity.

IHA Robin # 3--3/94-Benigne Dohms-Florida. Early
last week the morning sun took a major shift to the north
and started its annual spring wake-up call for my "plant
room". Bangkok Red heard and is already showing new
growth. I know that I feel more perky and wonder if
houseplants experience a form of "cabin fever" that goes
away with the end of winter. Sometimes I think that I
actually sense mine stretching and taking those deep
early morning breaths, much like a bear coming out of
hibernation.

I did something really dumb a few months ago but
learned quite a lesson from it! I had gone to Wal-Mart for
a list of things and decided that ratherthan make another
stop, I would just get a small bag og potting soil there. I
had decided not to wait until spring to repot an
epiphyllum and two small hoyas; it also seemed like a
good idea to add a thin layer of soil to the potted hibiscus
I had in for the winter. As a result, everything not only
sprouted cute, little, tall and thin 1" mushrooms every
time I watered, but also the water did not want to
penetrate the soil in the epiphyllum and hoyas. The other
thing I did last week was to visit another nursery with lots
of different potting soil types. Again it was a lunch hour
and because the nursery is near my office I had time to
talk to one of the employees, who is also a Master
Gardner as well. After I told her that I wanted something
with very little peat in it because I don’t like the way it
turns impenetrable and hard as concrete overnight, she
said I must have had "Michagen peat". Her
recommendation was to use Canadian. We looked at
various mixes she had in the greenhouse and I got to see
the difference between the two. I always thought that
peat was peat, after all the bags either say Canadian peat
or peat; guess I leaned something new.

12

IHA Robin # 3-3/94-Bill Crews-Georgia. Max
Dekking says that gesneriads need 7 items for good
growth and I believe this could be true for all plants:
Mineral particles of all sizes, organic matter, living
organisms (which I may have killed in pasturizing my
compost), atmosphere (in the soil), moisture, nutrients
for micro-organisms, and nutrients for plant growth. Now
each of us has to analyze our own potting mixture and

determine if we are supplying them. We each have
different suppliers of our potting mix products so what is
available in one area may not be available in another-but
by sharing our mix secrets we can interpolate into our
own available products and do our own thing
accordingly. Now "Ain’t" that a bit of wisdom!!!

Join a Round Robin group and learn first
hand the growing secrets of other
members. Enlarge your hoya collection
through plant sharing. Form lifetime
friendships with other members who
share the same interests.

Clarifying The Confusion

In late fall of 1 992 1 received a strip of 4 photo negatives
of herbarium sheets from Ted Green along with an
article titled Hoya fraterna versus Hoya coriacea. These
film strips were not labeled and I assumed (incorrectly)
that they should all accompany the article. I had the
negatives developed and the resulting prints were
reproduced and ran along with the article in "Fraterna"
1st quarter 1993. 1 subsequently received a call from Ted
explaining that only 2 of the photos should have
accompanied the article, namely the reproductions on
pages 1 0 & 1 1 . The other 2 (pages 9 & 1 2) were merely
sheets that he had photographed for future study. The
responsibility forthis error is being shared equally by Ted
and myself. ..Ted, for not labeling the negatives and me
for not making that all important phone call to verify
which photos to reproduce. Errors of this kind are
unfortunate, however they do not effect the validity of the
article nor does my blunder cancel out the many hours
of research that went into its writing.

In "Fraterna" 2nd quarter 1 993, Dale Kloppenburg has
republished the original Latin descriptions of H. coriacea
and H. fraterna which are practically identical, along with
their translations into English. He also offers some

enlightening suggestions as to how the plant that was
identified. ..mainly through a water color drawing, done
over 1 00 years ago in "Curtis Botanical Magazine" came
to be known as H. fraterna. This water color drawing is
very obviously not the same plant that Dr. Blume
described, but instead appears to be a large leafed form
of the Philippine plant we know as H. meliflua or a very
close relative.

Ann Way man

Ted is also sharing a dab of wisdom
with us concerning some advice he
gave a few months back on keeping
H. mitrata in the shade. He says
'forget it.. .my plant bloomed
non-stop all last summer in full sun".

13

Questions

Sc Answers

Question: I’m a new collector of
hoyas and have purchased the
fewthat I own as small plants already
rooted and growing well in small
pots. Recently I received a catalogue
from a hoya dealer, and it seems that
all of his stock, including some very
expensive items are offered as
unrooted cuttings. My question is,
what is the best way to root these
cuttings? should I expect a large
percentage of loss due to not
knowing what I’m doing, or do all
hoyas root easily enough that I won’t
have to worry about losses? Should
I root them in water or in a potting
mix? C.G.

Answer: First let me say, that there
are dealers who offer some of the
very rare hoyas as young potted
plants. Personally I prefer the
unrooted cuttings, because once
rooted they seem to adapt better to
the different growing conditions that
each grower can provide. As for a
rooting medium for the individual
species, most hoyas will root very
easily in plain water. I don’t happen
to like the texture of roots that form
in water, but once again this is just a
personal preference.. .and many
growers won’t root their cuttings any
other way. I would definitely stay
away from trying to root cuttings in
regular potting mixes. This type of
mix is normally formulated for plants
in good growth and is of a heavier
consistency than is wanted or
needed for forming a good strong
root structure and often leads to
more rot than root. The most popular
rooting medium among hoya
enthusiasts is a half & half mixture of
Canadian sphagnum peat moss and
sponge rock or perlite, or my
favorite: a half & half mixture of very
coarse vermiculite and sponge rock
(perlite) or coarsely ground pumice.
The major secret

to getting good roots with as few
losses as possible is to keep the
medium moist (not wet), keep your
cuttings as short as possible, but
with at least one leaf node buried in
the rooting medium, keep them in a

warm spot under subdued light for
several days before moving them to
brighter light conditions (never in the
sun). You will find that hoyas root
and start new growth very fast in
spring and early summer.. .usually
within 10 days. 1 know of only a few
hoyas that are a real challenge to
root and grow and these few are also
difficult for the dealers, so you will
find that they are always the items
with the most expensive price tag.
My best advice is to stick with the low
to medium priced species on any
dealers list until you get a little more
experience.

Question: Everyone that I have
ever talked to about hoyas advises
me to stay away from H. darwinii. I
have ordered it from several dealers
only to be told that it is no longer in
stock. Why is this? Is it so difficult to
grow? I love a challenge and would
really like to give it a try. Is there
anyone who grows this species and
how hard would it be to get a cutting
of it? R.F.

Answer: That’s the wrong

question for me to answer. ..I’ve
never been able to keep it alive long
enough to find out how difficult it is
to grow! Seriously.. .I’ve only known
one person who has ever
successfully grown this plant to
blooming size. About five years ago
a beautiful specimen in full bloom
was brought to one of our local
meetings. I didn’t have my camera
set up and the lady was in a hurry to
get to a speaking engagement and
had to leave. Fortunately someone
had taken pictures of the flowers and
was kind enough to present us with
a photo negative of an umbel of
flowers in gorgeous color. A very
satisfactory alternative to H. darwinii
is H. mitrata. These two plants are
practically identical with the
exception of leaf and flower color,
and the fact that H. mitrata is an
extremely easy plant to grow and
flower while H. darwinii is stubborn
as a mule and can (and does) die
overnight for no apparent reason. H.
darwinii is from the Philippines and

H. mitrata is from the Malay
Peninsula. I’m not sure whether this
has anything to do with the ones
ease of growth and the others
obstinate nature, but I keep hoping
that someone will go on a collecting
trip and perhaps find a clone of H.
darwinii that is a sturdier version than
we have seen so far.

Question: A few years ago I saw a
picture of a beautiful pink leaved
hoya in a magazine. There was no
name on this hoya but the leaves
looked like the leaves of Hoya
carnosa. I have ordered several
plants that were described as having
pink leaves but when they arrive they
are never the plant that I saw in the
magazine, and the leaves are never
very pink. Do you know what this
plant is, and how can I get one? F.F.

Answer:This lady sent a picture of
the hoya that she has described
above. It is the hoya that we all know
as "Crimson Queen". The mature
leaves of these plants in low or
normal light conditions are either
white, light pink or cream colored in
the center with a wide dark green
border, or they can be mostly green
with just a bit of white, pink or cream
in the center. Young plants or the
new growth on older plants that are
subjected to brighter than normal
light conditions can bring on the
brilliant pink leaves that are
displayed in the picture. You must
realize that the plant in the magazine
was probably photographed at its
very peak of pinkness and it’s very
unlikely that the leaves will remain
this color for more than a month or
so, if even that long. Keep your pink
leaved plants in the brightest light
available but out of direct sun and
keep the humidity around your
plants high with frequent misting. Be
aware that you won’t have the
dazzling display of gorgeous pink
leaves all year long, but try to be
happy with the occassional
spectacle of pink, silver and even
maroon leaves. In this bright light
you will even have a bonus of more
than the usual number of flowers.

14

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT

THE OFFICIAL I.H.A. SLIDE PROGRAM IS NOW AVAILABLE TO ALL

MEMBERS!

140 beautiful slides of hoyas (flowers and foliage shots)! If you would like to
show these 35mm slides to your local garden or succulent club (or to get a few
members together to see the lovely presentation), please write to the person
listed below on how to obtain the slide show. No fee required other than
shipping charges and a reasonable deposit to cover possible loss. Write to:
Gerald Williams 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA 92084

Dr. Benjamin C. Stone

1933- 1994

Dr. Benjamin C. Stone, well-known expert on the flora of S.E. Asia and
principal investigator for the "Flora of the Philippines Project", suffered a fatal
heart attack on March 19, 1994 at the Philippine National Museum, Manila.

Dr. Stone’s death is a great loss to the botanical world, as well as a
personal loss to his family and his many friends world-wide. His life was one of
inspiration which made a lasting impression on the lives of many people, even
those who had never met him personally. An example of this has been
expressed many times over the past few years by the president of our
organization, Dale Kloppenburg.

Dale was acquainted with Dr. Stone only through the many letters that
passed between them. Dr. Stone was never too busy to answer dale’s
numerous questions, or to review his manuscripts, but was always helpful and
encouraged him to continue with his writing and his research in the hoya
genus.

Dr. Stone’s presence on this earth was all too short, but memorable and
inspiring to those who knew him.

Ann Wayman

15

r

HUB

The Association for plant
& flower people who grow
in hobby greenhouses and
windows!

Quarterly Magazine

Growing & Maintenance

Help & Advice

Hobby Greenhouse Association

8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA 01730-2048

Dues $15 USA, $17 Canada and Mexico (US funds)
$18 Overseas (US funds)

Sample magazine $3

Directory of Greenhouse Manufacturers $2

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GREEN: PLANT RESEARCH

P.O. Box 735, Kaaawa, Hawaii, 96730

Write for my latest Asclepiad or Orchid Lists.

Always something new from far away places with
strange sounding names

16

We now have twelve complete volumes of pictures ready as

follows

$5.90 per set of ten prints
or any two sets for $10.50
first class postage paid.
Overseas & Canada $15.50
per two sets.

Volume 1

H. australis
H. lacunosa

H. pubicalyx ‘Fresno Beauty’

H. multiflora
H. serpens
H. sp. tanna
H. sp. Bangkok #4
H. obovata (foliage)

H. globulosa (foliage)

H. meredithii (foliage)

Volume 2

H. ‘Mini Belle’

H. latifolia

H. subquentuplinervis
H.variegata
H. compacta
H. obscura

H. pubicalyx ‘Bright one’

H. bella

H. shepherdii

H. polystachya (foliage)

Volume 3

H. cinnamomifolia
H. gracilis

H. pubicalyx (dark red seedling)

H. sp. PNG 4
H. arnottiana
H. kenejiana
H. kerrii (Fuzzy leaf)

H. acuta (Green Form)

H. pachyclada
H. obovata

Volume 4

H. fuscomarginata
H. # 454 (unidentified Hoya
species)

H. polystachya
H. acuta (lemon)

H. species # CI-1244
H. species # F-484
H. species USDA #354246
H. pubicalyx Cv. Red Buttons
H. species (New Guinea Gold)

H. nicholsoniae # IML 37

Volumes

H.diversifolia
H. nicholsoniae # IML 39
H. cumingiana
H. neo ebudica
H. padangensis
H. camphorifolia
H. inconspicua
H. caudata var. crassifolia
H. Spec. PNG-1
H. erythrina

Volume 6

H.fraterna
H. coronaria Form 1
H. limoniaca
H. bilobata
H. spec. PNG-6
H. tsangi
H. diptera
H. acuta (bronze)

H. fungii
H.diversifolia-B

Volume 7

H. carnosa cv. "Krinkle 8"

H. sp. Saba, Malaysia
H. Sp. WMZ
H. polyneura

H. sp. WMZ (Back of flower & calyx)
H. nummularioides (formerly called
H. pubera)

H. acuta Penang
H. plicata

H. carnosa cv. "Dapple Gray"
H.sanae

Volume 8

H. purpureo fusca
H. odorata
H. pottsii
H. Sp. IML 33
H. picta

H. pseudo littoralis
H. nicholsoniae (from Logee’s)
H. micrantha
H. vitiensis
H. curtisii (foliage)

Volume 9

H. sp. USDA #354236 (calycina)
H. merrilli
H. affinis
H. darwinii

H. pubicalyx ‘Chimera’

H. sp. ‘Gold Star1
H. sp. # BSI-1

H. archboldiana (Red Form)
H.finlaysonii
H. naumanii

\folume 10

H. pubicalyx (Silver Pink)

H. rupicola
H. vitellina

H. sp. IML # 234 (obscura)

H. meliflua
H.engleriana
H. megalaster

H. archboldiana (Pink Form)

H. sp. Bangkok Red
H. sp. cebu

\blume 11

H. mitrata
H.sp. DAV-817
H. dimorpha
H. multiflora

H. sp. Sabah, Malaysia #IML 557
H. erythrostemma
H.sussuella (ariadna)

H. kentiana
H. incrassata
H.chuniana

Volume 12

H.eitapensis

H. curtisii/pruinosa

H. sp. (New Guinea White)

H. poolei
H. pallida

H. sp. Kuching, Borneo # IML 232
H. chlorantha var. tutuilensis
H. diptera (from Fiji)

H. cominsii
H. vitellina

Pictures

International Hoya Association
P.O. Box 5 130
Central Point, OR. 97502

17

At long last!

What every Hoya enthusiast has longed for. A picture book on Hoyas. This book combines the
expertise of basic writing on the culture and care of all types of Hoyas, with the dazzling
brilliance of over 140 large, quality color photographs depicting the most beautiful and captivating
Hoyas available today.

Author Dale Kloppenburg, along with Ann Wayman (long time acknowledged Nurseryperson,
Hoya grower, photographer and editor of the InfemationarHoya Association’s ("Fraterna") gives
the reader the basic knowledge needed today to successfully grow Hoyas.

Expert tips and suggestions for growing specific varieties are also included, as well as thorough
descriptions of 30 favorite species to aid the grower in deciding which species is right for him/her.
The question and answer chapter is invaluable and is a definite added plus to this great book.

A specialty Item The first of its kind

Mr. Kloppenburg has a winner this time! A beautiful
book!!" says Lina Paul, former owner, Marin Cactus Patch.

151 pages total

8-1/2" x 11 "

144 large color photographs
Hardbound in beautiful classic library binding
color dustjacket
$42.95 + $3.00 U.S.A. postage
Postage on foreign orders will be billed at cost
Visa & Mastercard available
Please specify airmail or surface
Available from Orca Publishing Co.

P.O.Box 1003

Medford, Oregon 97501-0071

This book is also available from:

Rainbow Gardens Bookshop, 1444 E. Taylor St., Vista, CA, 92084

Art Knapp Plant Land, 4391 King George Hwy, Surrey, B.C. V4P 2J9, Canada

Whitestone Gardens LTD, Sutton-Under White Stonecliffs, Thirsk, North Yorkshire, Y07 2PZ,
England

Touchwood Books, P.O. Box 610, Hastings, New Zealand

Molbak’s, Greenhouse-Nursery-Florist, 13625 N.E. 175th St., Woodinville, WA, 98072-8558

Heffer’s Booksellers, Rustat House, 60 Clifton Rd., Cambridge, CB1 4FY, England

Architectura & Natura, International Booksellers, Leliegracht 44, 1015 DH Amsterdam, The
Netherlands

Koeltz Scientific Books, 1911 N. Duncan Rd., Champaigne, ILL, 61821
The Book Galleries Inc., Ill East Puainako, Hilo, Hawaii, 96720
Powell’s Books Inc., 7 N.W. 9th St., Portland, OR, 97209
Florilegium, 30 Cameron St., Balmain NSW 2041 , Australia

18

Acknowledgments

This study started out at the suggestion of David Liddle of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia.
David called and encouraged me to write up the "Section Acanthostemma" since so many of
its species were found in the Philippines where I have concentrated my studies. Many species
have, over time, been placed in the incorrect section. It has been stated that the sections were
useless and that few people understood them. Moreover, they were not being used as study
tools in understanding this complex genus. My study of one section soon expanded to the study
of all sections and their origin and organization.

It was not long before after much compiling, that I found I was generating as many
questions as answers. Some questions I couldn’t answer. I was soon seeking help namely from
Professor Benjamin Stone. Dr. Stone is working on the "Philippine Flora Project", a full time
job. In spite of time constraints, Ben took the time to provide me with invaluable assistance.
He has been most gracious in giving me advice on organization, translations, form and
substance and above all, motivation. I guess I should add education. I have found his "tutoring"
process to be immeasurably valuable and worthwhile. I wish here to publicly express my deep
gratification and thanks for all his assistance.

I would like also to express my appreciation to Dr. J.F. Veldkamp of Leiden, The
Netherlands who took the time to point out a lot of errors and a conflict in my sectional key.
Thanks to him these have now been corrected and entered.

It is my wish that others will find herein a useful tool and stepping stone towards a fuller
and better understanding of this complex Genus Hoya.

Dale Kloppenburg

6427 N. Fruit Ave.

Fresno, CA 93711 U.S.A.

Copyright © All rights reserved

Hoya Sections by Dale Kloppenburg

1. Introduction

Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) a plant can be assigned
to taxa of the following ranks below Genus and of higher status than species (in
descending sequence): subgenus, sectio, subsectio, series, and subseries. To date the Genus
Hoya has been subdivided into subgenera and sectio (sections). Since only one subgenerus
was ever designated I will discuss this later. The sectional divisions are established in an
attempt to group species with recognizably similar characteristics together. By descriptions
based on a species Type in each section it is hoped in this way to delineate as precisely as
possible the probable phylogeny, and to bring out the salient structures which indicate
relationships. A section is a taxonomic category. Sections, if natural have evolved over time
just as a species or genera has. As a better understanding of the entire complex of hoya species
has grown so to have more sections been defined; several originally as genera in their own
right. Eventually many of these genera were incorporated into the genus Hoya. Since they
represented a delineated species or group of species it was natural that they were incorporated
as sectional representatives of this complex genus.

Articles #21 and #22 of the ICBN establish the rules for the nomenclature of subdivisions
of genera. ..See appendix #1 for these specific rules.

These sections when organized and studied can be an invaluable aid to species
identification. In addition through this grouping of species into sections a better understanding
of the relationships of development and evolutionary progression should evolve. This work is
not complete and additional sections need to be created. The Section Hoya needs further
delineation and division into additional sections to avoid what Dr. Ken Hill has termed the
"amorphous remainder or paraphyletic residue". Actually a sort of dumping ground for species
which we are not able to classify within other sections. This is due mostly to the short
comprehensive nature of this sectional description. Dr. Hill has added some additional
delineations. As for the need of further refinement and additional sections, I am establishing
three new sections. (1) One to house the species H. heuschkeliana Kloppenburg. (2) Another
to segregate out the two presently known species which have rudimentary pellucid margins on
their pollinia outer edges, namely H. darwinii Loher and H. mitrata Kerr. (3) The last to cover
species related to Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill.

The first sectional division of the Genus Hoya was made by G. Don in 1837 (2) followed
by Endlicher in Genera Plantarum (1838) 595-596 and by Decaisne, Blume, Miquel & Zollinger,
J.D. Hooker, K. Schumann, King & Gamble, S.H. Koorders, R. Schlechter and K. Hill. (See
authors under Sectional descriptions).

I

II. A List of Synonyms

1810 Sperlingia Vahl, Act. Hafn. 6: 112. Type: S. verticillata Vahl= (Hoya verticillata
(Vahl) G. Don).

1811 Schollia Jacq. f., Eel. PI. Rar. 1:5, t.2. T: S. crassifolia J.F. Jacquin. = (Hoya
crassifolia Jacq.).

1834 Physostelma Robert Wight, Contributions to the Botany of India 39. P. Wallichii
Wight = (Hoya campanulata Blume).

1834 Pterostelma Robert Wight, Contributions to the Botany of India p. 39. Type: P.
acuminata = (Hoya acuminata Hooker f.).

1838 Centrostemma Decaisne, Annales Les Science Naturelles 9 #2:271 t. 10-c. Type:
C. multiflorum Blume = (Hoya multiflorum Blume).

1838 Cyrtoceras Bennett, Plantae Javanicae Rariorae p. 90, t. 21. Type: C. reflexum
Bennett = (Hoya multiflora Blume).

1 843 Cystidianthus Hasskarl, Tijdschrift van. Natur. Geschieden Physiol. 1 0: 1 25, Hoev.
& de Vriese. Type: C. campanulatus (Blume) Hassk. = (Hoya campanulata Blume).

1848 Otostemma Blume, Rumphia 4:30. Type: O. lacunosum Blume = (Hoya lacunosa
Blume).

1 848 Cathetostemma Blume, Rumphia 4:30 Type: C. laurifolium Blume = Hoya laurifolia
(Bl.) Decaisne.

1849 Plocostemma Blume, Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1:59 fig. 14. Type:
PI. lasianthum Blume = (Hoya lasiantha Korth.). Mentioned by name in Rumphia 4:30 (Genus)
by Blume (1848).

1849 Acanthostemma Blume, Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1:57. No Type
mentioned.

II

III. The Type Descriptions of these Genera Follows.

Acanthostemma Blume

In Rumphia 4 (1848) 49-50.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotata, quinquefida laciniis revolutus. Coronae staminea
pentaphylla, gynostegio abbreviato adnata, foliolis sagittatis carnosa erectis, angulo superiore
in dentem antherea incumbentem producto. Antherae membrana stigmati incumbente
terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa subdivergentia oblonga compressa, anguste marginata. Stigma
apiculatum. Folliculi laeves. Semina plurima, ad umbilicum comosa. - - Herba
pseudo-parasiticae, late in insulis Asiae tropicae et Nova Ginea dispersae, scandentes
radicantes: foliis oppositis vel verticillatis carnosa, umbellis vel racemis scandentes radicantes:
foliis oppositis vel verticillatis carnosa, umbellis vel racemis umbelliformibus saepe multifloris;
floribus parvis fuscis vel dilute purpurascentibus.

Translation: Calyx 5 parted. Corolla rotate, pentamerous, with the lobes revolute. Corona
of 5 segments, adnate to the short gynostegium, segments sagitate, fleshy, erect, with the
superior (inner) angle produced into a tooth, incumbent upon the anther. With the anther
terminal membranaceous, incumbent upon the stigma. Pollinia affixed at the base erect
somewhat divergent, oblong with compressed narrow sides. Stigma apiculate. Follicles (seed
pods) smooth. Many seeds with a hairy-tufted umbilicus. Herb, falsely parasitic, rooting climber,
widely dispersed in insular Asian tropics and New Guinea; foliage fleshy opposite or verticillate
(whorled); umbels or racemes shaped like umbels often many flowered; with flowers small
dark or light (dilute) purplish.

Cathetostemma Blume

In Rumphia 4 (1848) 30.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotata, quinquepartita, laciniis reflexis. Corona staminea
pentaphyllia, gynostegio abbreviato adnata; foliolis scutiformibus, carnosis, erectis, convexis,
basi bifidis, apice attenuatis et angulo interiore in dentem antherae incumbentem producto.
Antherae membrana stigmati appressaterminatae. Pollinia ellipsoidea, compressa, basi affixa,
erecta. Stigma umbonatum.-Frutex Timorensis, volubilis; foliis oppositis, oblongis
lanceolatisve, coriaceis, subvenosis, glabris, supra petiolum glanduliferis; wmbellis brevissime
pedunculatis, axillaribus et interpetiolaribus, multifloris; floribus longissime pedicellatis,
mediocribus, flavo-viridulis.

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla rotate, pentamerous, the lobes reflexed.
Corona of 5 segments, adnate to the short gynostegium; corona segments shield shaped,
fleshy, erect, convex, with the base bifid, at the apex narrowed and with the lower side
prolonged into a tooth lying upon the anther. With the terminal membrane of the anther
appressed to the stigma. Pollinia ellipsoidal, compressed attached at the base, erect. Stigma
dome shaped. A shrubby climber of Timor, with leaves opposite, oblong lanceolate, leathery,
slightly veined, glabrous, with glands above the petiole; umbels very shortly peduncled, from

HI

the axils and between the petioles, many flowers on very long pedicels, medium-size,
yellow-green.

Centro stemma Decalsne

In Annales les Science Naturelles 9 #2 (May 1838) 271.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla profunde quinquefida, reflexa, circa basin gynostegii in
annulum barbatum prominens. Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio elongate superne
adnata; foliolis carnosis, erectis, supra depressis, marginibus subtus revolutis, basi in cornu v.
calcar patens v. recurvatum productis, apice in dentem stigma superantem attenuatis.
Antherae membrana stigmati appressa terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa, erecta, oblonga,
compressa, hinc peliucido-marginata. Stigma apiculatum. Folliculi solitarii, elongati,
cylindracei, laeves. Semina comosa.-Frutices volubiles in Archipelago Indico, Moluccis et
Philippinis crescentes; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, subvenosis, glabris; umbeliis pedunculatis
interpetioiaribus v. terminalibus, multifioris; floribus saepe majusculis, flavidis.

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla deeply divided into 5 reflexed lobes, with a
prominent beard about the base of the gynostegium. Corona of 5 stamens, attached at the
upper part of the elongated gynostegium; corona segments fleshy, upright, depressed above,
with the lower margins inrolled, at the base prolonged into a spreading or horn-like spur, at the
apex narrowed into a tooth longer than the stigma. With the terminal membrane of the anther
oppressed to the stigma. Pollinia affixed at the base, erect, oblong, compressed, here with a
sub transparent margin. Stigma apiculate. Follicles single, elongate, cylindrical, smooth. Seed
hairy-tufted.-The climbing plant growing in the Indian Archipelago, the Moluccas and the
Philippines with leaves opposite, leathery, somewhat veined, glabrous; with the many flowered
umbels pedunculate between the petioles and terminal. With flowers often large, yellowish.

Note: this and the following genus (Cyrtoceras) are to be combined as they have the
same Type species. Cyrtoceras becomes a heterotypic Synonym.

Cyrtoceras Bennett

In PI. Jav. Rar. (4-7 July 1 838) 90 1. 21 ,

Corolla rotata, quinquefida, reflexa, Tubus starnineus longe excertus; corona pentaphylla,
foliolis carnosis lanceolatis erectis, basi in cornu recurvatum productis. Antherae membrana
terminatae, massae pollinis basi affixae, conniventes, compressae. Stigmatis discus
depressus, papilla acutiuscula. Styli elongati. Frutex. Folia opposita membranacae. Umbellae
interpetiolares vel terminales, pedunculatae, multi-florae. Flores majusculi, annulo corollae
faucis barbato.

Translation: Corolla rotate, pentamerous, the lobes reflexed. Staminal tube long erect;
corona pentamerous, its segments lanceolate, erect with the base produced into a recurved
horn. With the anther terminating in a membrane, with the pollen masses attached at the base,
connivent, compressed. Stigma disc depressed. Style elongated. A shrub with opposite,

IV

membranaceous leaves. With the umbels between the petioles and terminal, pedunculate,
many flowered. Flowers rather large with a hairy ring in the throat.

Cystidianthus Hassk.

In Tijdschrift van Natur. Geschieden Physiol. 10 (1834) 125.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla subcampanulata, repande-quinquedentata, primo patens,
dein reflexa. Corona staminae pentaphylla, gynostegio abbreviato connata; foliolis carnosis,
patentibus, compressis, marginibus subtus revolutis, angulo exteriore assurgente, interiore in
dentem antherae incumbentem productis. Antherae membrana stigmati appressa terminatae.
Pollinia basi affixa, erecta, oblonga, compressa, hinc peilucido-marginata. Stigma convexum,
pentagonum, muticum. folliculi abortu solitarii, elongati, cylindracei, laeves. Semina
comosa.--Frutices Archipelagi Indici, facie Centrostemmatis.

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla somewhat campanulate, shallowly 5 lobed, at
first the lobes spreading, later reflexed. Corona of 5 segments, fused to the short gynostegium;
corona segments fleshy, spreading, flattened with the lower margins inrolled, the exterior angle
rising upward, interior produced into a tooth lying upon the anther. With the terminal membrane
of the anther appressed to the stigma. Pollinia attached at the base, erect, oblong, flattened,
here with an almost transparent margin. Stigma convex 5-sided blunt. With the seed pod
solitary through abortion, elongate, cylindrical, smooth. Seeds hairy-tufted. Shrubs of the Indian
Archipelago with the general appearance of a Centrostemma.

Note: this genus becomes a heterotypic synonym of the genus Physostelma Wight since
they both have the same type species.

Otostemma Blume

In Rumphia 4 (1848) 30.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla rotata, quinquefida, laciniis revolutis. Corona staminea
pentaphylla, gynostegio elevato adnata; foliolis navicularibus, carnosis, divaricatis, supra
concavis, angulo interiore in dentem antheram superantum producto, subtis appendice
deorsum bidentata auctis. Antherae staigmati incumbentes, apice simplices, acutae. Pollinia
basi affixa, erecta, approximata, linearia, compressa. Stigma obsolete apiculatum. Folliculi
laeves. Semina plurima, ad umbelicum comosa.- Herba Archipelagi Indici, in arboribus
radicans; foliis oppositis v. radius verticillatis, carnosis, glabris; umbellis longiscule
pedunculatis; floribus parvis, albidis.

Obs. Ad Hoya recedit dentibus coronae stamineae supra antheras productis, eujus foliola
subtus esuicata singula appendice bidentata sunt praedita, nee non antheris simpleibus haud
membrana terminatis. Alias quoque stirpes sub Hoya militantes ad hoe Genus referendas
esse probabile videtur; qua de re dilligens florum exploratio docebit. Nomen derivatum ad oto,
aures, et stemma, corona.

V

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla rotate pentamerous, the lobes revolute.

Corona of 5 segments, adnate to the elevated gynostegium; corona segments boat shaped,
fleshy, spreading widely, above concave, with the interior angle prolonged into a tooth
overtopping the anthers, and beneath with 2-toothed, acute appendix bent downward. With the
anthers incumbent on the stigma, with the apex simple, acute. Pollinia attached at the bases,
close together, linearly compressed. Stigma scarcely apiculate. Follicles smooth. Seeds many,
with a hairy-tufted umbilicum. Herbs of the Indian Archipelago, rooting in trees; leaves opposite
or rarely whorled, fleshy, glabrous, umbels with moderately long peduncles; with small white
flowers.

Observation: Differing from Hoya in the corona segments being produced above the
anthers, and each segment with a groove beneath but furnished with a single 2-toothed
appendage, and also the simple anthers not terminating in a membrane. Each Hoya of the
Genus till now was grooved below, it seems probable this represents a mutant; but the floral
structure must be diligently observed. The name is derived from oto (ear) and stemma (crown).

Physostelma Wight

In Contributions to the Botany of India (1843) 39.

Note: Section Cystidianthus (Hasskarl) King & Gamble is a Synonym based on the same
Type species. In addition King & Gamble in Materials for the Flora of the Malaya Peninsula
used it as a section but without description.

Calyx 5 partitis. Corolla rotata, patens, repande 5-dentata. Corona staminae 5-phylla,
foliolis inflatis, antheris oppositis. Antherae membrana terminatae. Filamenta e basi ad apicem
bipartita, cruribus cum crure segmenti utrinque proximi arete coalitis, filamenta 5 antheris
coronaeque folis alternantia corpusculis stigmatis opposita efformantibus. Massae pollinis basi
afixae, erectae, subcylindraceae. Stigma depressum.-Frutux volubules indici v. javanici. Folia
opposita carnosa; wnbellae laterales longuscule pedunculatae, flores magmi.

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla rotate, spreading, the 5 lobes spreading wavy.
Corona of 5 segments, these are inflated, with opposite anthers. Anthers terminated by a
membrane. Filaments 2-parted from the base to the apex, the shanks with each segment on
both sides closely approaching its neighbor, filaments 5 with the anthers and corona segments
alternating, together forming a body opposite the stigma. With the pollen masses basely
attached, erect, almost cylindrical, Stigma depressed.-lndian and Java climbing shrubs.
Leaves opposite, fleshy; umbels lateral on long peduncles, few flowered, flowers large.

Plo co stemma Blume

In Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1 (1849) 57. Name mentioned in Rumphia 4
(1848) 30.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla quinquifida patens v. reflexa, intus ad basin stuposa.
Corona staminea pentaphylla, gynostegio subsessili adnata, foliolis carnosis, erectis,

VI

compressis, subtus conduplicatis, angulo interiore in dentem antherae incumbentem producto.
Antherae membrana stigmati incumbente terminatae. Pollinia basi affixa erecta, oblonga,

compressa, hinc marginata. Stigma apiculatum. Follicul ?— Frutices Archipelagi Indici,

volubiles; foliis oppositis coriaceis subvenosis glabris; umbellis pedunculatis terminalibus v.
interpetiolaribus multifloris.

Translation: Calyx pentamerous. Corolla pentamerous the lobes spreading or reflexed,
near the base inside with a tuft of matted hairs. Corona pentamerous, adnate to the somewhat
sessile gynostegium, the compressed segments fleshy, erect, pleated beneath, with the interior
angle prolonged into a tooth lying upon the anther. With the anther terminating in a membrane
lying upon the stigma. Pollinia erect, oblong, compressed, attached at the base here marginate.
Stigma apiculate. Follicles not known. Twining shrub of the Indian Archipelago; leaves opposite,
leathery somewhat veined, glabrous; with the umbels pedunculate terminal or between the
petioles, many flowered.

Pterostelma Wight

In Contributions to the Botany oflndia (1834) 39.

Corolla rotate, 5-fida. Corona staminea 5-phylla; foliolis membranaceis lateribus reflexis,
angulo interiore in dentem subulatum erectum producto. Antherae membrana terminatae.
Massae pollinis erectae, approximatae, ad dorsum corpusculi basi afixae. Stigma apiculatum.
-- Frutex volubilis ? aut decumbens ? Folia opposita, oblonga, acuminata, carnosa. Flores
majusculi. Corolla alte 5-fida, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis, tubo piloso. Coronae foliola lata,
lateribus arete reflexis marginibusque conniventibus, ita ut Papilionis sedentis alae.

(In English when this was considered a separate genus) This genus is allied to Hoya both
in habit and in the structure of the flowers, differing principally in having foliaceous in place of
fleshy crown-leaves, and in the dorsal not lateral attachment of the pollen masses to the
corpuscle.

Translation: Corolla pentamerous, rotate. Corona 5-segmented, the segments
membranaceous, with the sides reflexed, the interior angle produced into a subulate tooth.
With the anther terminating in a membrane. Pollen masses erect, close together, basely
attached to the back of the corpuscle (retinaculum). Stigma apiculate, -- Twining shrub or
prostrate ? Leaves opposite, oblong, acuminate, fleshy. Flowers somewhat large. Corolla not
deeply 5 lobed, with the lobes linear-lanceolate, the tube shaggy within. Corona segments
broad, the sides strongly reflexed and the margins connivent, in the manner of the wings of a
sitting butterfly.

VII

FRATERNA

Official Bulletin for
"International Hoya Association"
2nd. Quarter 1994

ISSN 10055-4564

H. compacta

OCT 1 j 1994

YORK

1TANICAL GARDEN

INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION

(Formerly Hoya Society-West Coast)

P.O. Box 5130
Central Point, OR 97502
(503) 664-6808
A Non-Profit Organization
Bulletin published quarterly.

1993 rates for a 1 year membership, which
includes our quarterly publication are $14.00 per
year, $1 5.00 per year Canada & Mexico,
Overseas $17.00. All publications shipped
overseas beginning 1st quarter 1994 will be
mailed via surface mail.

Officers And Editors

President Dale Kloppenburg

Vice President John Scoville

Secretary/Treasurer Ann Way man

February 15 for the March issue
May 15 for the June issue
August 15 for the September issue
November 15 for the December issue ,

We also accept advertising on a per year basis. Yo.
may deduct 10% for the same ad running
consecutively in four issues. Payment in advance,
Please!.

Back Issues

We now have the thirteen original issues of the
Hoya Society -West Coast newsletter bound as one
publication. The price of this bound text is $25.00
U.S. and $35.00 shipped surface overseas. Due to the
extra pages and pictures in our new publication
"Fraterna", we must, out of necessity, increase our
prices for back issues of "Fraterna" to $4.00 per issue,
$5.00 per issue shipped surface mail overseas.

Honorary Board Members

Editor Ann Wayman

Board Of Directors

William J. Wayman David Jones

Lina Paul Rudy Bachmann

Jerry Williams Harriett Schapiro

Representing Thailand:
Representing Sweden:
Representing Calif:
Representing Hawaii:

Chanin Thorut
Eva Karen Wiberg
Dr. Seymour Linden
Ted Green

i

Honorary Lifetime Member Loyce Andrews

Chuck Everson (Chairman)

EDITORIAL POLICY

Editorial Board Mary B. Welch

Advertising

We have advertising available at the following
rates:

Full page camera ready ad $35.00 per
issue

Half page camera ready ad $22.00 per
issue

Quarter page camera ready ad $10.00 per
issue

1/8th page camera ready ad $7.00 per
issue

You may also send us your handwritten or typed ad
on a plain sheet of paper and one of your business
cards and we will lay out your ad for you. There will
be a one time set-up fee on this extra service of $25.00
to be added to our research fund. A copy of your ad
will be sent to you for proofing before final printing
in our newsletter. The deadline for all advertising is:

Errors of fact may occur from time to time in
"Fraterna". It is the policy of the IHA to publish
corrections of fact, but will not comment on
matters of opinion expressed in other
publications.

Catalogue Requests

The IHA office does not have dealer catalogs
available. Please address your catalog requests
to the individual dealers, or write to our vice
president, John Scoville who will have a listing of
mail order dealers available by January 1 , 1994.

Please send a self addressed, stamped
envelope. John’s address is 651 Aram Ave., San
Jose, Calif. 95128. In some instances there is a
charge for these catalogs which is normally
refunded with your first order.

l

TEXAS LEARNS ABOUT HOYAS!!

Mary Jo Gussett

Newly-appointed Honorary Board Member of the I.H.A. talks about hoyas at Texas State Seminar.
Photo sponsored by Rainbow Gardens Nursery & Bookshop
1444 E. Taylor St.

Vista, Calif. 92084

We are delighted to inform our members of a newly appointed Honorary IHA Board Member
from Texas. Her name is Mary Jo Gussett (Houston, T exas), current president of the Cactus
& Succulent Society of America. She is an avid fan of hoyas and promotes them whenever she has
an opportunity. And she had that opportunity in Houston in early March when the Texas Association
of Cactus & succulent Societies held their semi-annual seminar. Mary Jo gave an excellent talk on
hoyas.. .where they come from, what they look like and how to take care of them. She brought in
over a dozen hoyas for the audience to look over. After her lecture, she had Jerry Williams (IHA
Board Member from Rainbow Gardens in Vista, Calif.) show the official IHA slide show to the
audience. The response was overwhelming! Everyone thoroughly enjoyed the talk and slide show,
and many "Hoya Handbooks" were sold that day. Hopefully, we’ll even get a few new IHA members
as a result of the talk!

Chuck Everson

Editor’s note.. .Actually, we got more than just a few new members from Mary Jo’s wonderful
presentation. Our Texas membership has grown dramatically in the past 3 months and continues to
climb.

If there are others interested in the promotion of hoyas through programs or talks, please let us know.
We have a very nice slide show available for just the cost of mailing and insurance. A.W.

2

Questions
& Answers

Question: How many hoya species are there? I have
heard many different answers on how many. Are the
ones that aren’t species hybrids, or are they
sub-species? Do you know a hoya by the name of H.
‘jungle garden’ ? I have that species but now am
wondering if it could be a pubicalyx. How do hoyas like
to twine. .clockwise, counter-clockwise, or does it
matter? Can any hoya grow in a hanging basket, or are
there certain ones that would rather be trained to wires
or trellises? How many hoyas like lime in their potting
mix? Can I tell just by looking at a plant if this one needs
lime and another one don’t? One last question. ..what
does the name Fraterna stand for? E.K.

Answer: I have probably he^rd as many answers as
you have on how many hoya species there are. Most of
the available literature says there are somewhere
between 150 and 175 actual species. Of the many
hundreds of hoyas in cultivation, probably 99% are
species with the remaining 1% being made up of
man-made or insect pollinated hybrids that are merely
crosses between two different species. Most of the
confusion comes from among the newer and even some
not-so-new flower growers as to just what the difference
is between a species, sub-species, and a hybrid. When
we talk about a species in the plant kingdom, we are
talking about a plant that has evolved to its present state
over many thousands of years. Every single plant in that
species looks basically the same, grows in the same
manner, has the same fragrance etc. but may be different
in color or even have foliage that is a little bit different,
the reproductive parts of the flowers in a species
however, are identical. A sub-species is merely a species
that took a genetic side road. In other words, it was (and
is) a recognized species but for some reason, (probably
a genetic defect), veered off its genetic course somewhat
and evolved enough of a difference to warrant a
sub-species classification but not enough to be
classified as a different species. Hybrids are created
when two different species are crossed sexually to
produce seed. The seedlings that grow and flower from
these crosses normally display some characteristics of
both parents. Creating hybrids sounds a lot easier to do
than it actually is. Hoyas do not cross easily and even
with mans help, luck plays a larger part than either
technique or skill.

I know the plant ‘jungle garden’, and it is as you have
guessed the species Hoya pubicalyx. There are
hundreds of other plants out there with some very fancy
names that are also nothing more than the species H.
pubicalyx. The same thing has happened to the species
we know as H. carnosa, with hundreds of seedling plants
being introduced with fancy names.

Hoyas for the most part will twine counter-clockwise,
but there are exceptions and some will twine clock-wise.
I have also seen them grow counter-clockwise for a
distance, run into a barrier that they can’t get around and
continue on their way by twining clock-wise.

I have most of my hoyas in hanging baskets, even
some very large ones. The hoyas that I finally gave up on
trying to grow in baskets, were the ones that form such
huge root balls that they break out of the baskets and
are left dangling from the rafters of my greenhouse. Also,
some hoyas get so top heavy that they definitely need a
heavy clay pot and to have their vines tied to something
very strong.

The question of putting lime in potting mix for hoyas
is one question that I’m not terribly anxious to answer.
Lime is used to neutralize acid and most purchased
potting mixes have been adjusted to a pH between 61/2
and 7, which is pretty close to neutral or very slightly on
the acid side. Almost all tropical and semi-tropical plants
do well in this pH range with few exceptions. In my
greenhouse, I use the exact same potting mix for all my
hoyas with only a difference in the amount of drainage
material that I use for those species that like to grow on
the dry side. Frankly, I wouldn’t be concerned about
adding lime to any of my plants unless they begin to look
like they are suffering from a nutrient deficiency in spite
of regular feeding.

For your last question: The name Fraterna comes
from the latin word fraternal and means brotherly or a
brotherhood, friendly, devoted and affectionate. It is also
the name of one of our hoyas.

Question: Recently I ordered some cuttings and they
arrived with very few leaves and black streaks on the
branches and leaves. Very few of these cuttings have
survived. Could this be some kind of disease, and what
should I use to effect a cure? K.T.

3

OUR COVER PICTURE
H. compacta

Photo by Alan Oakford (Australia)

Photo sponsored by Richard Dobson as a "Get-Well" wish for Jean Spierling

It would be hard to imagine a more tortured
and agonized looking plant than H. compacta.
Weird looking? Yes it is! but beautiful in its own
way? Absolutely!

For many years this plant was available quite
often from the house plant stands at
super-markets, dime stores and even
sometimes in nurseries. Very few sales people
(at least here in America) knew what kind of
plant it was, where it came from or how to take
care of it. In spite of much neglect at times and
over enthusiastic tender loving care at others,
this plant survived and became a much loved
member of many window sill collections. Can’t
you just imagine the surprise and amazement
of hobby growers that purchased this plant as
a delightful green conversation piece, only to
discover that hiding within its tormented and
twisted leaves lay the ability to produce some of
the most beautiful flowers ever created.
Because I thought the plant was downright ugly
and looked like it suffered from some horrible
malady I refused to purchase one and swore I
never would. Then several years ago my
husband and I were guests of Henry and Elsie
Raphael at their beautiful home in San Diego
California, and while being given a tour of the
huge patio, which is Henry’s hoya growing area,
we came upon a sight to behold. Hanging from
the eaves of the roof and facing east where they
received early morning sun, were 4 monster
sized plants of H. compacta with somewhere
over 200 umbels of flowers on each plant. We
could smell the heavy but pleasant honey scent
long before we actually found them. Thick piles
of dead flowers lay under each plant as proof
that they had been blooming profusely. This
species is now a real favorite and I never want
to be without it. The usual flower color of this
species is white or pale pink with a darker pink

center. Alan tells me the buds of this particular
clone are deep scarlet red, and the flowers open
a dark rose-pink with a brilliant red center. He
also says this plant flowers practically non-stop
year around.

By Ann Way man

A REPORT ON LOC

In our last issue I commented on a product that
has recently gained some favor as a control for
mealie bugs. To be honest, at that point I had
not personally tried this product and skeptic that
I am, I probably wouldn’t have had I not been
forced by a near fatal incident to switch to
something less destructive than the quick fix
that deadly pesticides give. I’ve lost count of the
many times that I’ve cautioned others about
working with poisons but like most mothers in
the world, my motto was "Do as I say, not as I
do". I had to learn the hard way that there are
alternatives to pest control, and the product that
I had been hearing about and finally settled on
was AMWAY’S LOC. I don’t have any idea what
LOC stands for and I don’t know what’s in it
except that it has a coconut oil base and is an
excellent and completely safe cleaning agent. I
guess I don’t really care what’s in it.. .it works!!!
After only 1 spraying using 1 tablespoon of LOC
per gallon of water, I could see that a huge
population of mealies no longer existed. It also
kills spider mites and aphids. Of course it’s
almost impossible to kill off every single bug on
a plant because of the many hiding places that
are available to them. When spraying your
plants hang them up high or elevate your pots
so that you can lift the leaves and thoroughly
spray every square inch of your plant including
the stems and under the rims of the pots.. .and

4

don’t forget to spray the handles of your
hangers. Bugs of all kinds congregate and
breed in all those places. Another plus to using
LOC is that after a good rinsing with clear water,
your plants will dry clean and shiny. Like any
other product that you may use for pest control
(including poisons) LOC is not a cure-all, you
will have to spray on a regular basis of say every
1 0 days or so during the summer when the bugs
are at their worst, but it smells wonderful and
just the thought that you are doing no harm to
yourself or the environment makes it a rather
pleasant chore. To purchase this product
contact the AMWAY distributor in your town, or
write Henry (Hank) Leines, 71 1 No. Keene Way
Dr., Medford, OR 97504 or Phone (503)
772-281 9 for Visa or Mastercard order, or for
information. Henry has agreed to give our
members a special price.

• Ann Way man

Questions & Answers

continued from page 3

Answer: There are several plant diseases that
have the same symptoms that you have
described. One is the relatively tame and easy
to control "sooty mold", a fungus that feeds on
the honey-dew that is secreted by aphids and
mealie bugs. This fungus growth wipes off the
plant easily with soap and water, and a follow-up
spray with a fungicide or sulphur dust will
normally stop any further spread of this disease.
Another is the often fatal plant disease of
anthracnosis. This disease may be present but
not noticeable in a well ventilated growing area
as the spores of the fungus can lay dormant until
conditions are just right. Four or five days in
transit, packed (usually wet or moist) in an
airtight box creates the ideal situation for this
disease to erupt. Any plants that are already
infected will form black slimy streaks or spots
on the leaves and stems. Leaves will fall in great
numbers and the cuttings will usually die before
rooting. This disease is highly contagious and
under the right conditions can spread through
an entire greenhouse or collection of plants in a
matterof weeks killing everything in its path. The

"right" conditions for any fungal disease is low
temperature with high humidity and little or no
air circulation). Anthracnosis can be stopped if
treatment with the proper medication is started
in time and continued until all threat of a further
outbreak is over. Products containing benlate
(Benomyl) or daconil (Funginex) are excellent.
Follow directions on the bottle carefully, and do
everything in your power to correct the
conditions that helped to spread this disease.
Crack your windows open a bit to let out excess
humidity, add a small air circulating fan or two,
and try to raise your nighttime temperature by
a few degrees. Be sure to inform the person that
you ordered your cuttings from of the problem.
All of the hoya dealers that I know are happy to
replace cuttings that fail to root if the problem
stems from conditions in their growing area.
Informing that person will also make him (or her)
aware that they do have a problem that needs
correcting before they ship out any more plants
or cuttings.

Question: Every year I lose more and more of
my hoya plants to the heat. Can you please do
an article on hot weather hoyas? L.V.

Answer: An article pertaining to hoyas that
survive well in hot weather is planned for an
upcoming issue. For now, it may help to know
that with the exception of a few that have come
to us from the Himalayas, hoyas as a general
rule seem to prefer temperatures above 75
degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius). What
they don’t like is hot sun shining directly on them
and the low humidity that hot weather often
brings. Never let your plants dry out completely
during extreme hot spells, but on the other hand
they don’t like their soil mix to be kept overly
moist either as it literally steams the roots to a
sloppy mush.

Question: Besides H. carnosa, what is the
easiest hoya to start a collection with? Please
don’t name any real expensive ones. C.G.

Answer: A few years ago Michael Miyashiro of
Rainforest Plantes et Fleurs in Hawaii had the
plant we know as H. incrassata listed as the
beginners hoya... I think he was right!

5

HOYA

by Mary Jo Gussett

FAMILY: Asclepiadaceae (The
Milkweed Family)

GENUS: Hoya

SPECIES: There are 150 to 175
actual species plus many varieties.

DISTRIBUTION: Hoyas are found
in tropical Asia such as in areas of
the Philippines that include 7,000
tropical islands, East Indies, Japan,
Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Malaya,
India, Bali, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
Burma, Himalayas, Thailand, Indo
China, Indonesia and Siam. The
largest concentration of hoyas are in
New Guinea, the 2nd largest island
in the world. ..400 miles wide by 1 500
miles long with mountains up to
16,400feet.

HABITAT: Many hoyas are from
lowland tropical rainforests where
they wrap around and/or hang from
pockets in the high jungle trees and
are semi-epiphytic (not parasitic).
They like constant moisture (200
inches of rain per year for some) and
high humidity. Some hoyas are more
succulent than others as they go up
so high in the trees that they lose
contact with the ground. Some
prefer limestone ledges of higher
altitudes and misty mountain tops. In
the tropics, they don’t have seasons
only periods of wet and dry times.
Those hoyas that come from places
like inner Australia have periods of
drought and the monsoons may be
every 3 to 5 years so they have
developed thick succulent leaves.

DESCRIPTION: Hoyas are mostly
enjoyed for their interesting leaves
and because they make nice
hanging baskets. The leaves are all
shades of green, green with silver
flecking, green edges with colorful
centers, green center with pink &
white variegation on the edges, and
the veins in some make dark
patterns on the leaves. The leaves
can be shiny, dull, fuzzy, leathery,
velvety, rough or smooth. ..or one

side can be fuzzy and the other side
smooth. Leaf size varies from 1/2"
long, to 1/2" wide by 8" long (H.
longifolia), to 6" wide by 6 3/4" long
(H. diversifolia), to perfect
heart-shaped leaves (H. kerrii), or
leaves that twist and curl (H.
compacta), to 10" leaves (H.
polystachya).

FLOWERS/BLOOMS: Hoya

blooms are the prizes we receive for
good cultivation. They are
star-shaped and many are fragrant.
Usually they have 20 to 30 flowers
per umbel, some will have many
more (up to 60), others can have as
few as 2 to 4 blooms per umbel. The
size will vary from 1/2" to 3" in
diameter.

SOIL should be 1/2 sterile soil and
1/2 perlite or vermiculite to make a
fast draining potting mix. Use small
pots because the root system is
small (in nature they grow in crevices
where only a small amount of debris
gathers). When you repot, do it when
the plant is growing and increase the
pot size to just a little larger then its
last pot. Roots need to fill most of the
pot as hoyas bloom more freely
when roots are restricted.

LIGHT needs to be bright to insure
blooms. Hoyas prefer early morning
sun from 7:00 A.M. to 10: A.M. They
grow well when hung under trees for
filtered light and protection from
storms.

WATER when soil is dry about 1/2
the pot depth. ..never let the soil dry
out completely. Reduce watering
somewhat during the winter.

FERTILIZE when signs of growth
resume in spring. Use 1/4 strength
Superthrive, Superbloom or BR61
with each watering. ..or you can use
Osmocote with low nitrogen. Always
feed when roots are wet.

PRUNE hoyas for new growth and
blooms. Long stringy growth can be
cut back. Peduncles (bloom spurs)

6

should not be pruned unless
desired. All blooms keep returning to
these same spurs. A few hoya
species shed these bloom spurs
after blooming and form new ones
each year. Do not spray hoyas with
anything but water if temperatures
are over 80 degrees Fahrenheit (26
degrees Celsius).

PESTS you must guard against are
mealie bugs and aphids. Always
keep a spray bottle filled with 1/2
alcohol and 1/2 water for quick kill of
visible pests. Checking your plants
for these bugs should be done often.
For root mealies, dip entire plant and
pot into a container with a solution of
1/2 tablespoon of Malathion to a
gallon of water. If your soil is too full
of mealies, take cuttings and get rid
of the pot, the old soil and the roots
(burn these items, never dump them
into your compost pile). A fungus
may develop (spots on leaves) if the
plants are kept wet for too
long. ..Spray with a fungicide and
repot.

Here is a list to help with some
problems that may occur.

Yellow leaves

• 1 . roots too cold

• 2. soil too wet (or excessively
dry)

• 3. too much sun

• 4. nitrogen deficiency

• 5. anemia--soil mix too acid or
too alkaline

Plant dropping flower buds

• 1 . excessive heat

• 2. lack of humidity

• 3. soil too dry

s 4. hot or cold draft

No blooms

• 1. not enough light

• 2. improper feeding

• 3. extremely low humidity

• 4. pot size too large

A few hoya species by
type and size

Large growing hoyas

• 1. H. diversifolia B

• 2. H. obovata

• 3. H. macrophylla

• 4. H. latifolia

° 5. H. polystachya

• 6. H. kerri

• 7. H. fraterna

• 8. H. imperialis

• 9. H. archboldiana

• 10. H. macgillivrayii (formerly
called H. megalaster)

Bushy hoyas

• 1. H. multiflora

• 2. H. cumingiana

• 3. H. densifolia

Pendant forma

• 1. H.bella

• 2. H. polyneura

Mini creeper

• 1. H. serpens

Small growing hoyas

• 1. H. gracilis

• 2. H. serpens

• 3. H. angustifolia

• 4. H. curtisii

• 5. H. lacunosa

• 6. H. camphorifolia

• 7. H. obscura

Easy to grow

• 1. H. fungii

• 2. H. pubicalyx

• 3. H. australis

• 4. H. carnosa

FLOWER COLORS range from
white to ivory, yellow to tan and from
pink to red, purple and cordovan
brown. There are also some species
with lime and mint green flowers. The ^
flowers can also be fuzzy or waxy.

The color of the blooms is not a
good taxonomic characteristic
because the colors often vary and
the weather and growing conditions
can also effect the bloom colors. It is
the structure of the reproductive
parts of the flower that is important
in distinguishing one species from
another.

PROPAGATION:The easiest way
to propagate hoyas is from fresh
cuttings taken from spring to
mid-summer. Cut off a length of vine
or branch at least 2 to 3 joints
(nodes) long, just below the leaf
node. Remove the leaves at the base
of the cutting, dip in root hormone,
and insert it into a moist rooting
medium containing perlite,
vermiculite or a half and half mixture
of these two products. Use a 3" or 4"
pot. Place the pot into a Zip-Lock
baggie sealed all but an inch. Do not
disturb until you see some growth (2
to 3 weeks). OR, hoyas can be
rooted in warm water and when the I
cuttings grow 1/2" roots, plant in the
above mix. A single leaf does not
make a new plant.. .you must have
leaf nodes. Growing from seed is
possible but the seed must be fresh
and the seed growing mix must
never be allowed to dry out or you
will lose your seedlings. Tiny
seedlings are also very susceptible
to the fungus disease called
"damp-off" which can wipe out an
entire seed tray of seedlings in a few
hours. Spray your seed tray with
fungacide before you plant your
seeds and every 5 to 7 days
thereafter until your seedlings are
mature enough to survive on their
own.

CULTIVATIONrSince these plants
are tropical, they do not require a
winter rest. 50 degrees Fahrenheit
(10 degrees Celsius) is a winter
minimum for them. They grow best
and are at their happiest with
temperatures between 60 and 80
degrees Fahrenheit (15 to 26 ,

degrees Celsius). A humidity level of |
50%-plus is their preference.

7

HOYAS ARE BUSTIN OUT ALL OVER

From Argentina to Australia, and from Swaziland to Sweden the temptation to own and display hoyas by
the dozens (sometimes hundreds) has overcome the masses.

Eva-Karin Wiberg of Borlange, Sweden is shown here
with a beautiful specimen plant of H. meredithii
(formerly known as H. Sp. from Borneo 80-05).

Many months ago we received a horticulture
magazine from Sweden. One of the featured
articles was all about our very own member Eva-Karin
Wiberg and herfantastic collection of hoyas. This article
was absolutely full of gorgeous hoya photos taken in
every room of her home, because that’s where she
grows them. In fact every window is fitted with glass
shelves in order to make room for more hoyas.

After searching around here for a translator for
several months, I finally
sent the article to
Eva-Karin in Sweden
Who graciously
translated the Swedish
text for us.

I learned from this
magazine story that
growers in Sweden grow
their hoyas in pretty
much the same way that
we grow ours here in
America and also the
way they are grown in
Germany, Australia, New
Zealand, Switzerland,

England, France,

Canada, Norway, Italy,

Japan, Thailand and
Yes...evenChina!

What we wouldn’t
learn from this magazine
article is about Eva-Karin
herself and the many
hours each month that
she devotes to furthering
interest in hoyas in her
country. It’s time that
these folks who put in so
much effort are given
some recognition for
their hard work and
integrity.

Eva-Karin became one of our first over-seas
members shortly after we filed for International status in
the latter half of 1990. At that time she expressed an
interest in eventually starting a hoya club in Sweden. We
hear that often from well meaning members that have
an idea that sounds like fun, but none of the
stick-to-it-iv-ness that it takes to stay with it once they
find out that their fun idea has turned into work.
BUT.. .Once in awhile a real hurricane Eva comes along
and things begin to happen. Mail with new
memberships from Sweden began to dribble in at first,
then started coming in batches. Within a month or so
we had 5 new members in Sweden, then 1 0, 1 5, 20 and

on and on. At last count
there was about 40
members in Sweden with
Germany running a close
second.

AN the members in
Sweden tell the same
story of how Eva-Karin
helped them get started
in hoyas with cuttings,
how-to information and
lots of valuable advise.
We understand that they
do have their hoya
organization started now
and have a newsletter
being published.

Eva-Karin is also
involved in translating
The Hoya Handbook into
Swedish. When this work
is complete, we will
publish her address so
that she can be
contacted directly.

By Ann Wayman

Photo sponsored by Frances Wilkes

H. meredithii Green & Friend

8

H. scortechini King & Gamble

Photo sponsored by Bill Woodard (Iowa)

This plant was purchased as H. scortechini from Liddle’s Nursery in Australia.

The entire shipment of
cuttings arrived here in
fine shape and this plant
was well rooted and putting
on new growth within a
month. As with all hoyas this
species should be potted in
a loose fast draining potting
mix. It will quickly grow into
a nice cascading
semi-miniature plant. It
should be pruned quite
drastically while small to
force new branches. This
plant started putting on
buds at about 12 months
from a small cutting, these
buds however did not
mature and bloom. Many
hoyas will adapt to dryer
conditions and grow and
bloom very well. This is not
the case with H. scortechini.
It moped, pouted, sulked
and dropped blossoms by

the dozens until I finally
gave in and arranged for
more humidity in the
immediate growing
area. Finally at about 22
months of age it put on a
glorious display of 7
umbels of blossoms all
opened at once. These
small ivory colored
flowers are very
distinctive with their
pretty pink tips. The
potting mix should be
kept rather damp while
the plant is in flower but
allow to dry out some
after the flowers have all
fallen. This is also a
species that doesn’t
seem to require quite as
much light for blooming
as some of the others.

AnnWayman

9

Hoya madulidii Kloppenburg

In early November of 1 993 1 received a telephone call from a very excited Vicki Graves of "Vicki’s Exotic Plants".
Seems that she had been greeted that morning by blooms on 3 different hoya species. Talk about a BONANZA!
She had hit the Jackpot with the big 3...H. mitrata, H. ciliata and the plant we call H. fraterna all open at once. I
grabbed my camera, dove into my car and headed for Eagle Point.

All of the blooms on these plants were gorgeous but since the article and the picture are of the plant I purchased
from Ted Green as H. ciliata, the comments will be confined to this plant.

As you can see from the picture this flower is huge. ..it measured over 2" across. The umbel consisted of seven
of these huge flowers, but Vicki wraps her vines around themselves so they don’t hang to the floor and the flowers
were partially buried within the heavy foliage. I couldn’t pull the entire umbel into a position to get a good photo,
so with Vicki’s permission I removed one of the flowers and balanced it between a leaf and a stem.

This is one of the
more expensive
hoyas and rather
difficult to bring into
bloom, but of the
hoyas in the
Ereostemma section,
it is probably the
easiest to grow. It is
also one that I would
scrape together my
last dollar to buy.

Dale Kloppenburg
believes this species
to be the same
species depicted on
herbarium sheets as
the unpublished H.

coronarioides
Schlechter. A few
years ago, Dale
published this never
before published

All of the pictures that I have seen of this species has deep purple or almost black flowers. The color of

these particular
flowers were what I
would call "blood red"
or more in the reddish
brown tones.

species, and
renamed it H.

madulidii.

I will let him tell
you in his own
words why he
believes this is the
species that he
published as H.
madulidii and not
H. ciliata as has
been claimed.

H. madulidii Klopp.

Photo sponsored by various I.H.A. members.

"I believe that
the species being
sold in commerce
at the present time
as H. ciliata, is H.
madulidii. The
type sheet of H.

ciliata Elmer
(#1 1 072) consists
of stems and
detached leaves
and thus is of little
help. A.D.E. Elmer
found the type
plant at 1 500 feet

10

elevation at Todaya (Mt Apo) District of Davao, Mindanao Philippines in July 1 909. In 1 938 in Leaflets of
Philippine Botany volume 10, p. 3577 Elmer wrote "Apparently it (H. ciliata Elmer) has not been recollected
and cannot be matched with any specimen in the herbarium". ..Indicating that this species is very rare. There
were numerous sheets at this time labeled Hoya coronarioides Schiechter (unpublished) which match H.
madulidii Kloppenburg, and the plant being sold as H. ciliata Elmer ex Burton.

Elmer’s written description of H. ciliata differs in a number of very critical and characteristic ways from H. madulidii
(H. coronarioides).

Quoting Elmer:

# 1. "column very short and thick subtended by minute scales".

# 2. Sepals (or calyx) "minutely ciliate... dorsal side with only a few ciliate hairs".

# 3. “Corolla with apex inflexed, glabrous (or bald) on both sides".

# 4. Leaf "upper surface shining deep green sparsely ciliate, ciliate beneath".

# 5. Pedicels "sparsely ciliate".

My observation of this plant that is being sold as H. ciliata is:

# 1 . It has a noticeably extremely long column (up to .7 cm.). As far as I can tell it is not subtended by any scales,
normally it is ringed by long stiff cilia on the collar of the corolla.

# 2. Our plants have the dorsal surface covered with the most densely hirsute bristly hairs I have ever observed
on a calyx.

# 3. Our species is densely hirsute on the ventral surface with ciliate edges. The corolla apex does not usually
tend to inflex but is straight.

# 4. The leaves of this plant being sold as H. ciliata, although they do vary in indentum, are definitely densely
pubescent below and seldom, if ever, sparsely ciliate above but are instead quite pubescent.

# 5. Our plant in all cases are not sparsely ciliate, but are instead densely ciliate (bristly hirsute) with most hairs
pointed away from the apex.

There are most likely otherdifferences.Ourspecies is generally a lowland plantandappears to be rather common.
Until we can recollect on Mt. Apo at this relatively high altitude or find a plant that matches Elmer’s description,
I feel it is necessary to accept our plant as being H. madulidii. With all of these conflicting differences in the
descriptions, I see no alternative".

By Ann Wayman

Quoting extensively from the works of Dale Kloppenburg

11

IV. Sections of Hoya R. Br. Originally Published as such

(1) Invalid names (not usable under the current nomenclatural rules):

1837.. Hoyae Verae G. Don, General System of Gardening and Botany 4:125, no type
mentioned.

1856.. Eu-Hoya Miquel, Flora van Nederland Indie 1:516, no type mentioned.

1885.. Euhoya Hooker, J.D., Flora of British India 4:53.

(2) Valid names:

1837.. Hoya in General System of Gardening and Botany, G. Don 4:125. Type: Hoya
carnosa R. Brown. The section was automatically created (as an "autonym") with the division
of the genus into sections, (see appendix under Article 6.8 and 22.2).

1 883.. Ancistrostemma J.D. Hooker, in Flora of British India 4:53. Type: Hoya edenii King
ex Hooker.

1911.. Kloiphora King in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch "Flora of the
Malayan Peninsula" 2:559. Type: Hoya curtisii King & Gamble.

1913.. Oreostemma Schlechter, in Botanische Jahrbucher 50:105. Type: Hoya
oreostemma Schlechter p. 126.

1 913.. Ereostemma Schlechter, in Botanische Jahrbucher 50:1 06. Type: Hoya coronaria
Blume p. 135.

1916.. Peltostemma Schlechter, in Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 43 # 2 p. 15,
"Neue Asclepiadaceen von Sumatra & Celebes" Type: Hoya maxima (Karst.) Warburg.

1993.. Skenostemma Kloppenburg (here published) Type: Hoya heuschkeliana
Kloppenburg.

1993.. Rudimentalia Kloppenburg here published) Type: Hoya darwinii Loher.

1993.. Amblyostemma Kloppenburg here published) Type: Hoya meliflua Blanco) Merrill.

1994.. Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg here published) Type: Hoya rumphii (Bl.) ex
Hooker f..

V. Names of Genera Placed at the Rank of Section

1848.. Physostelma (Wight) Blume, in Rumphia 4:32. Type: Hoya campanulata Wight:
Synonym Cystidianthus Hasskarl) King (genus placed at the rank of section 1 901).

vm

1856.. Otostemma (Blume) Miquel, in Flora Van Nederlandsch Indie 1:525, Type: Hoya
lacunosa Blume.

1856.. Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel, in Flora Van Nederlandsch Indie 1:523 Synonym:
Acanthastemma Blume. Type: Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don.

1 856.. Cathetostemma (Blume) Miquel, in 1 .c. (as the proceeding one) p. 525. Type: Hoya
laurifolia (Bl.) Decaisne.

1856.. Plocostemma (Blume) Miquel, in l.c. p.526. Type: Hoya lasiantha Korthals.

1883.. Crytoceras (Bennett) Hooker f., Flora of British India p.52. Type: Hoya multiflora
Blume. A misspelling of Cyrtoceras Bennett.

1883.. Pterostelma (Wight) Hooker f., l.c. p.53, Type: Hoya acuminata Wight.

These sections when organized and studied can be an invaluable aid in species
identification. Understanding the characteristics governing how and why hoya species fit into
each section is a valuable aid in placing a name to an unknown hoya plant. To disregard these
sectional characteristics entirely is to fall into the trap of false identifications. As with most
classification structures, becoming familiar with them greatly aids in our understanding of
species relationships. A note of caution: it does not follow that every species placed in a section
by an author actually belongs there. All of us are prone to make misjudgments,
misunderstandings and incorrect conclusions (there are quite a number in the literature).
Furthermore it may be possible to refine these sections and/or add new ones by closer study.
By constant correction and refinement, progress will be made toward better, clearer
classification. This will lead to greater understanding of the complexities within the Genus Hoya.

Note: Miquel placed the Sperlingia and Acanthostemma Genus (as a synonym) together
in a section. In Dec. 1 993 after studying the description of H. verticillata (Vahl) Miquel, it became
evident to me that this species was in the section Hoya. Dr. J . F. Veldkamp of the Rijksherbarium
of the Netherlands obtained the original publication of the Genus Sperlingia along with Vahl’s
species descriptions. This confirmed that this genus was based not on bilobed coronal hoya
species, but on species in the Section Hoya.

Subsequently the species Sperlingia verticillata Vahl and S. opposita Vahl ((H. Verticillata
(Vahl) Don and H. opposita (Vahl) Don)) were determined by Ruurd Van Donkelaar (also in
The Netherlands) to be Hoya parasitica Wall, ex T raill. The implication then is that all the bilobed
species of hoya included by Miquel under the Section are incorrectly placed there. Thus the
formation of a new hoya section to house these bilobed species. This new section was created
in April 1 994 by me and is named Hoya Section acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg. Its type
species is Hoya rumphii Blume ex Hooker f..

IX

OPEN LETTER TO ALL MEMBERS

Dear Friends;

Please accept my sincerest apologies for the long delay in getting 1st and 2nd
quarter Fraterna mailed out. From the middle of February to the first of August I was
extremely ill and unable to work on it except for very short periods of time. After
nearly 6 months I was finally diagnosed correctly and put on the proper medication.
I feel very optimistic that I will continue to improve and should be able to get Fraterna
out on time from now on.

Thank you all for being patient.

When 1st quarter Fraterna was mailed out, I didn’t look it over real careful and
Dale Kloppenburg’s series on "Hoya Sections" began and ended in a rather abrupt
manner. I had written a cover page to explain that this series was a reproduction of
Dale’s book on the different sections in the hoya genus, and that being
knowledgeable about the different sections would lead to a better understanding of
what the identification of hoyas was all about. This page did not even get printed.
The last page should have had a paragraph explaining that the series would continue
in succeeding issues.. .and so it will.

A note to all of you folks who sent for my catalog. Others (husband and
grand-kids) were taking care of my plants while I was ill, as well as picking up my
mail. I need to take an inventory of my plants before sending out a catalog. I know
I lost many of my big plants from over/under watering but usually have several
back-up plants in several stages of growth just for situations such as this. I have the
catalogs typed into the computer and only need to make some corrections and
delete any plants that I no longer have. I have neat little stacks of mail everywhere
that nobody bothered to open but will do that as soon as this Fraterna goes into the
mail.

I heard from Dieter Paul, that you folks in Germany did not receive your 1st
quarter Fraterna by surface mail. I sent out 26 new ones via airmail but 16 of those
came back.. .not enough postage. Since the post office here weighed them and put
the wrong postage on them, they said they would furnish the remaining 28 cents
and mail them again.

P.S. Wait till you see what we have in store for you in the next issue!!

Best Wishes To All
AnnWayman

'

VI. A Key to the Hoya Sections

By Dale Kloppenburg

la. Leaves not paired, circular (shield-shaped) imbricate, one aborts Section

Peltostemma Schltr..

lb. Leaves paired, opposite.

2a. Corona scale outer lobe below, not sulcate; pentamerous skirt (annulus) and 2 teeth

like projections pointing away from the median line Section Otostemma (Blume)

Miquel.

2b. Corona scales sulcate below, no pentamerous skirt.

3a. Flowers small under 1 .6 cm. in diameter flattened, natural form much smaller.

4a. Corona scales almost columnar Section Oreostemma Schltr.

4b. Corona scales otherwise.

5a. Corona scales outer lobe raised above inner lobe, corolla reflexed, subtended by an

inflexed annulus Section Kloiphora King.

5b. Corona inner lobe higher than outer lobe, corolla not reflexed, no annulus present.

6a. Corolla urceolate Section Skenostemma Klopp.

6b. Corolla revolute... Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Klopp..

3b. Flowers larger than 1.6 cm., flattened.

7a. Pollinia with rudimentary or no pellucid edge.

8a. Pollinia with no pellucid edge.

9a. Translators long and twisted, affixed centrally or above to the retinaculum; column
long woolly matted Section Eriostemma Schltr..

9b. Translators not twisted, narrow, basely affixed to retinaculum; gynostegium
sessile Section Cathetostemma (Blume) Miquel.

8b. Short rudimentary edge, pollinia stubby Section Rudimentalia Klopp..

7b. Pollinia with well developed pellucid sterile edge.

10a. Corona scales very upright, long inner lobes.

1 1 a. Prominent beard at base of gynostegium, column long, inner corona apex attenuate,
flower mid-size Section Centrostemma (Decaisne) Hooker.

1 1 b. Column sessile, bald, inner corona apex 2-fid incurved, hooked Section

Ancistrostemma Hooker f..

X

10b. Corona scales otherwise, short inner lobes.

12a. Corona scales outer lobe erect.

13a. Calyx small, lobes 2 mm. long.

14a. Corolla densely wooly at base, reflexed, coronal outer lobe erect Section

Plocostelma (Blume) Miquel.

14b. Corolla not wooly at base, campanulate, coronal outer lobe raised Section

Physostelma (Wight) Blume.

• 13b. Calyx large, lobes +/- 8 mm. long Section Pterostelma (Wight) Blume.

• 12b. Corona scales horizontal.

15a. Corolla revolute, coronal outer lobe obtuse Section Amblyostemma

Kloppenburg.

15b. Corolla rotate, corona outer lobe tapering (acute) Section Hoya

VII. Sections Accepted

I here present the sections in the order in which they appear in the key with
an English translation and possible discussion. They are as follows:

Section Peltostemma Schlechter

In Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 34 (1916) 5.

Hoya maxima (Karst.) Warburg together with Hoya imbricata Decaisne from the
Philippines constitute the section which I here name Peltostemma, because of the shield
forming leaves, as well as in the habit (of growth), but also the structure of the blooms which
are remarkably characteristic. The apparently dove-tailed (imbricate) regular, almost circular,
close-fitting leaves, which are fastened to the substrate, are pretty little things and stand upon
a pedestal, complete growing leaf pairs, that in their arrangement are closely fitted in such a
manner, botanically speaking that resembles the Conchophyllum and for sure the Dischidia
species of the Section Collyris. In the blooms the Section Peltostemma is distinguished through
the inclined corona scales and the long extended anther appendages. In addition the stigma
head is hollow on the point and slow to open in comparison to the rest of the sections. Type
species (designated here (Hoya maxima (Karst.) Warburg.

Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel
Section 4. Otostemma Miquel Flora van N ederlandsch Indie 1:5

Flowers small white; corolla revolute; corona scales boat-shaped, below are two tooth-like
processes. Anther apex acute. I add that the most prominent character of this section is the
pentamerous skirt which hangs from the base of the outer corona scale lobes and lack of
sulcation below. Type species for the section is Hoya lacunosa Blume.

XI

Section Kloiphora King

in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Branch 2:53.

Corona-processes with lower lobe globose, hollow; upper shorter-curved; corolla tube with
a broad annular ring (corolline corona?). Type for the section is Hoya curtisii King & Gamble.

Section Skenostemma Kloppenburg

Sect. nova. Pedunculus pedicillisque brevis, floribus parvibus, corolla urceolata laciniis
recurvis, coronae stamineae phylla lateris bifida. Skeno = covered and stemma = crown. The
covered crown hoya.

Found in the Philippines with at least two color forms. Type species: Hoya heuscheliana
Kloppenburg, Pancho #2175, CAHP. (see under Sectional descriptions for further
delineations).

Section Acanthostemma ( Bl .) Kloppenburg

In Hoya Section Acanthostemma (Blume) Kloppenburg (1994) 2. Type species: Hoya
rumphii BS. ex Hooker f..

Description same as for the Genus Acanthostemma Blume in Rumphia 4 (1848) 49-50.

Section Eriostemmna Schlechter
In Botanische Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 106 & 135.

Translated from the German 106:

Section VII. Eriostemma the stems and leaves with all surfaces (parts) covered with short
soft hairs; in other respects its blooms possess marked sharp characteristics.. .The
gynostegium stands upon a column which goes down into the crown of the collar of the corolla
which is covered with shaggy cottony hairs. The corona scales are comparatively short. The
blooms are large or very large with a well developed thickly hirsute calyx. Type species of the
Section is H. coronaria Blume.

Translated from 135:

Section VII. Eriostemma Schlechter. I thought it best to present here this distinctive section
Eriostemma. This section is so well and sharply different, that one could consider whether or
not to regard it as a separate sub-genus. I have so far presented above briefly the main points,
but now I wish to present them once again in more detail. In habit there is a strong similarity
that can be found with EU-Hoya, but the branches are softer and more fleshy and consistently
with more or less soft hairs. The peduncles are extraordinarily thick and soft textured, the calyx
as with Pterostemma more strongly structured, and the large hairy blooms are likewise fleshy.
The gynostegium with the corona scales stand upon a woolly matted column that is the
outgrowth formed of the filaments, which are united with the corona tube. The pollinia are
distinguished (marked) as opposed to the other hoya species by means of the fact that the
translators have undergone a strong development and exhibit a twist; also the retinaculum is
rather large. The pollinia are more club shaped and moreover do not have the keel on the outer
edge characteristic of other hoya sections.

The number of species belonging to this section is still small, but certainly with the wider
search into the Malay-Papua Flora Sphere, many yet belonging here will be added.

XII

For example the most western species H, coronaria Blume, is to be considered which
comes from the Malayan Peninsula and Sunda Islands, as is known. H. ariadna Decaisne is
described from the Island of Amboina. Two more unpublished species I know of come from
the Philippines and the Celebes, the others are from Papua. Of the latter are H purpurea Blume
and H. neo-guineensis Engler from Dutch New Guinea and H. guppyi Hemsl. as well as H.
affinis Hemsl. come from the English Solomon Islands. In the German parts of Papua I know
of at present the four species mentioned here, namely H. purpurea Blume, H. hollrungii
Warburg, H. gigas Schlechter and H. lauterbachii k. Schumann. The first of these four species
I know from locations in close proximity to the sea coast, but they also go further inland into
the forests of the hills, to about 300 meters altitude. The other three species remaining of the
section are inhabitants of the hill forests, and are likewise terrestrial growers, but with their
vines often enveloping whole bushes and small trees. In particular they are found along stream
and forest edges.

Section Cathetostemma (Blume) Miquel

Section V. Cathetostemma in Miquel, Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, 1 (1856) 525.

Latin text of the above not available , but was translated thus:

Flowers midsize, yellowish green, corolla lobes reflexed, corona scales sickle-shaped,
convex, 2 parted at the base, stigma dome-shaped. Type for the section is Hoya laurifolia (Bl.)
Decaisne.

Section Centrostemma (Blume) Hooker

Section 1: in Flora of British India 4 (1883) 52.

Note: This section was named by J.D. Hooker Section Crytoceras, evidently a misspelling
of Bennett’s Cyrtoceras. This is based on a genera which is a heterotypic synonym of the Genus
Centrostemma. In addition to these two errors, the status of this species (or group of species)
as being in the Genus Hoya is in question.

Corolla reflexed, lobes longer than broad, column stipitate; coronal-processes very long,
erect, with a long spur diverging from the base of each. Type for the section is Hoya multiflora
Blume.

Section Rudimentalia Kloppenburg

Sect. nova, umbellae multiflorae, flores glabrae magnae glaberrimae nitidae, corolla
profunde lobata tubo perbreve; lobi cordato-ovati, reflexi. Coronae foliola erecte,
triquetro-conicae, magnae, subtus usque ad basin sulcatae, pollinia subcompressa in glandulo
rhomboideo fere sessilie, sterilis margine brevis vel rudimentalis. Pollinia with rudimentary
pellucid sterile margine (between full edged and none). Type species for the section is H.
darwinii Loher.

Section Ancistrostemma Hooker

In Flora of British India 4 (1883) 53. In English:

Corolla reflexed, lobes longerthan broad. Column sessile; coronal-processes gibbous and
2-lamellate below, produced upwards into long erect points, each with a 2-fid incurved hooked
tip. Type species is Hoyi edenii King ex Hooker.

Section Pterostelma (Wight) Hooker

Hooker, J.D. in Flora of British India 4 (1883) 53.

XIII

Corolla reflexed, lobes longer than broad. Column sessile, obconic; coronal-processes
laterally compressed, semi-cordate, 2-winged, with an erect subulate point in the inner angle.
Plocostemma Blume. Type species is Hoya acuminata Hooker f.

Note: Hooker has placed this with Blume’s Genus Plocostemma. The sections, however,
are based on different type species. In addition the two descriptions are different. As pointed
out by Dr. R. Schlechter they differ in their calyx. I feel this alliance is incorrect.

Translated from Schlechter in Botanische Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 124-125.

Section IV Pterostelma (Wight) Hooker, distinguished through the corona scales that are
deeply (strongly) bent up and whose outer parts stand rather erect (straight up), opposed to
this the forward extremity stretches up to the anther apex. The blooms are like the previous
section, (Plocostemma) rather conspicuous with open corolla, only the calyx is different, the
segments in this section are larger throughout. Type of the section is for the Western species,
H. acuminata Hooker f. (Pterostelma acuminata Wight), for the Eastern species H. albiflorum
Zipp. (Pterostelma albiflorum Blume). Type is Hoya acuminata Wight.

Hill in Telopea 3 (2) 1988 adds the following data: Peduncles ageotropic. Pedicels equal.
Corolla campanulate. Coronal scales ovate concave above, inner angle apiculate, outer angle
rounded. Caudicles unwinged. Mesophyll differentiated. Epidermal spotting absent.

Section Physostelma (R. Wight ) Blume

Blume in Rumphia 4 (1848) 32 (as Physostemma).

The leaflets of the staminal corona somewhat inflated, with revolute margins, below with
a gaping longitudinal fissure.

From Schlechter’s German in Botaniscbe Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 105.

Section VI. Physostelma (Wight) Bl. contains the species with the broad bell shaped
corolla, and a corona which reminds one of Eu-Hoya, which is rarely somewhat compressed
laterally. Perhaps subsequently two sections will be needed here, in which case a section
named for the species with the laterally compressed corona lobes, as seen from above, will be
needed. Viewed from above the corona looks small, the calyx is always small. The blooms
are rather large, at times very large. Type species of the section is H. campanulata Blume.

Hill in Telopea 3 (2) (1988) 244/246 adds: Peduncles ageotropic. Pedicels equal. Corolla
campanulate. Coronal scales oblong-linear, rounded above, inner angle acute, produced
forward, outer angle rounded, produced forward. Caudicles unwinged. Mesophyll strongly
differentiated. Epidermal spotting absent.

Section Oreostemma Schlechter

In Botanische Jahrbucher 50 (1913) 106.

Section V. Oreostemma is at the present the only one known to me by the species here
described which is hereby distinguished through the almost cylindrical fleshy corona scales
with the outer parts almost completely bent perpendicularly (vertically) upwards, so that the
forward as well as the other end falls off abruptly to the anther (extremity) apex. The blooms
are midsize (medium large) with small calyx, the corolla bent back strongly. Type species of
the section is H. oreostemma Schlechter.

XIV

Section Plocostemma (Blume) Miquel

In Miquel Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1 (1856) 526.

Section 6. Corolla somewhat large, with hairy tomentum near the throat and at the base
of the flap hairy-tomentose, corona scales erect, pleated below; stigma apiculate. Leaves often
slender, fleshy, and membranaceous when dry. Type species is Hoya lasiantha (Bl.) Korthals.
Translated from Schlechter’s German in Botanische jahrbucher 50 (1913) 105.

Section III. Plocostemma (Blume) Miq. containing only a few species with strongly open
corollas and large upright, laterally compressed corona scales, with the forward extremity
stretched upward to the anther extremity. The blooms are rather large and pretty to look at, the
calyx is small. Type of the section is H. lasiantha (Blume) Korth. (Plocostelma lasianthum
Blume).

Section Amblyostemma Kloppenburg

Sect. nova. Folia crasso-carnosa utrique glabra, marginibus reflexa, pedunculi breves
petiolo breviores, corolla cum lobis revolutis, extus glabra, intus papillisa. Coronae lobi
crasso-carnosi dorso canaliculati, supra concavo-excavati cum tuberoello parvo in cavitate;
subtus sulcatis, stigmate apiculata flores magma. Type species: Hoya meliflua (Blanco) Merrill.

Section Hoya

In G. Don, General System of Gardening and Botany 4 (1837) 125.

Twining, scandent, or decumbent shrubs, usually radicant. Leaves fleshy. Leaflets of the
corona furrowed beneath. Type species is Hoya carnosa R. Br.

VIII, Salient Features of the Hoya Sections

There have been some additions by various taxonomists to the original sectional
descriptions. Now as they appear in the "accepted list" I will proceed to discuss these sections
and point out the salient characters:

Peltostemma Schlechter. Pelto = a shield and stemma = crown. A shield crowned hoya.

This section was estiblished to cover a small group of hoyas in which one leaf of a pair
aborts or otherwise fails to develop. The leaves are circular convex on top with the concave
surface covering the stem and appressed to the substrate (usually tree trunks). Many rootlets
develop from under these leaves attaching to the substrate, and often the spaces are occupied
by small ants. The corona scales are very upright with long emerging anther appendages
extending from the flower center, rising above the scale’s inner lobe. The anther wings are
prominent. The pollinia are rather long and narrow, and the translators broad and scapulate
with the caudicles long and narrow as is also the retinaculum.

The delineating features are thus:

• 1 . One circular shield-like leaf per node

• 2. Leaves appressed to the substrate

• 3. Leaves tend to be imbricate

• 4. Coronal scales upright

• 5. Anther appendage very long and narrow, extended

• 6. Anther wings prominent

XV

• 7. Styler head hollow at apex

• 8. Translators broad, scapulate

• 9. Pollinia, caudicles and retinacula long and narrow

Otostemma (Blume) Miguel, oto = ear and stemma = crown (The Ear Crowned Hoya).

There is little dispute regarding this section since its characteristics are well delineated
and up until now very few species have been discovered with the sectional characteristics. The
flowers are small with revolute very pubescent corollas. Hoya lacunosa Blume is the type
species. From the lower surface of the coronal scale project two dentate structures, but even
more striking is the pentagonal skirt or annulus extending below with each corner being below
the anther wing area. It is continuous (in H. lacunosa) except for a visible short slit at the
intersecting corners. In the Borneo species the corners are rounded slightly and slightly spread
like bifid tongues. Another species from Borneo sold in commerce as H . sp. F-484, is somewhat
intermediate but with a very distinctive pollinarium. There has been speculation recently about
the 2 acute dentate structures on the ventral side of the thin coronal scales outer coronal lobe.
These structures are clearly visible in my photo-micrograph of Hoya lacunosa Blume. They
were drawn as two adjacent triangles in Blume’s figure. The thickening of the central portion
of the lower surface of the outer lobe spreads outward to form the tooth. There are species that
evidently belong in this section from Borneo that do not possess these teeth. I feel this character
should be removed from the sectional traits so as to include these Bornean species. It is the
column that extends the gynostegium and not the skirt that surrounds it. These teeth should
not be confused with the bilobed extensions in the section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel.

• 1 . Gynostegium elevated

• 2. Flowers small

• 3. Corolla rotate, revolute

• 4. Corona scales boat shaped, fleshy thin translucent on outer edges

• 5. Corona scales diverticulate

• 6. Corona scales concave above

• 7. Corona scales interior angle toothed, superior or equal to the anthers

• 8. Corona scales below with bidentate appendage and annulus, not sulcate

• 9. Stigma (styler head) rudimentary, apiculate*

• 10. Leaves glabrous

• 11. Umbels with moderately long peduncles

* Stigma (styler head) on H. obscura Elmer ex Burton has a columnar base (slightly
tapering upward) with a triangular mealy head.

XVI

Kloiphora King...Cloe = a collar and phoro = to bear. A collar bearing hoya.

Again this is a monotypic section consisting at present of only H. curtisii King & Gamble,
from Malaya, designated as Section at its conception.

Sectional characters:

• 1 . Corolla tube with a broad annular ring

• 2. Corona scales lower lobe globose

• 3. Corona scales lower lobe hollow

• 4. Corona scale upper lobe short curved

Specific characters could be added from the species, however doing so may narrow the
diagnosis too greatly.

Skenostemma Kloppenburg.-Skene - covered place and stemma = crown.

The covered crown Hoya. Containing at present only one species. A branching small
epiphyte with urceolate flowers on short peduncles and pedicels, almost sessile, The corolla
lobes are reflexed, with the corolla 5-fid cut to above the middle. The crown is upright and with
bifid outer lobes as in the Section Sperlingia (Vahl) Miquel (Acanthostemma). The pollinarium
have winged translator arms. The translators are attached low down on the retinaculum. The
stigma (styler head) is columnar with a nipple-like apex. Key features are:

• 1 . Crown covered by corolla (corolla urceolate)

• 2. Flowers small

• 3. Peduncles and pedicels very short almost sessile

• 4. Corona upright

• 5. Corona scales bilobed as in Sperlingia

• 6. T ranslator arms winged, attached low down on retinaculum

• 7. Stigma head (style) columnar apex nipple-like

Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg... Acanthus = a thorn and stemma = crown.

Thorny crowned hoya. This section has small pubescent ball shaped flowers (revolute
corolla) with the flowers looking much like those of the Section Otostemma. Most have geotropic
umbels which are concave or flat. The calyx is small, the gynostegium short adnate. The apex
of the corolla lobes are bare and hidden in the revolute fold, difficult to discern in herbarium
material. The corona is upright to very upright, with a tooth-like inner apex and blunt outer apex,
the lateral sides of the scales are shelved and extended beyond and often above the outer
apex as two ligule-like structures, the lower part of the scale is sulcate recurved to form a
groove. The pollinia have curved translator arms supporting clear caudicles (described as
winged). The pollinia are affixed at the base and have a pellucid outer border but not all the
way to the caudicles. The styler head (stigma) is apiculate.

XVII

Sectional characteristics are:

• 1 . Flowers small

• 2. Corolla rotate, revolute

• 3. Gynostegium short, adnate

• 4. Corona segments fleshy, erect

• 5. Coronal inner angle tooth-like

• 6. Coronal outer angle with 2 extensions

• 7. Stigma (styler head) apiculate

• 8. Flowers often many

Ereostemma SchIechter...erio = wool and stemma = crown. A woolly crowned hoya.

This section is so distinctive and has so many sharp differences from other hoyas that it
has been proposed to make it into a subgenus of Hoya (Schlechter) or even a distinct genus
in its own right (Dr. Ken Hill). With this in mind the diagnostic features are as follows:

• 1 . Stems and leaves with soft short hairs

• 2. Gynostegium stands on a column

• 3. Column covered with shaggy cotton-like hairs

• 4. Corolla with distinct collar

• 5. Large flowers

• 6. Thick hirsute calyx

• 7. Branches soft and fleshy

• 8. Peduncles extraordinarily thick and soft

• 9. Flowers hairy and fleshy

• 10. Pollinia club shaped with no pellucid border

• 1 1 . T ranslator arms long, twisted

• 12. Retinaculum large

Cathetostemma (Blume) Miguel.. .from cathetos = perpendicular and stemma = crown.

Perpendicular crowned hoya. The drawing in Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1
(1 849) 59 tab. 1 3 shows a very upright crown with a bifid outer apex. The pollinia are ellipsoidal
and do not show the distinct pellucid margin (sterile keel). They are similar in appearance to
those of Section Eriostemma Schlechter. It definitely does not have a long narrow pellucid
edged pollinia as in Section Centrostemma (Bl.) Hooker. Pollinia are basely attached to the
retinaculum by translators, whereas those in Section Centrostemma are laterally attached.

XVIII

No species of the Centrostemma that I have examined has this type of pollinarium. The calyx
depicted here is very small in relation to the corolla or corona.

Sectional characteristics are:

• 1 . Corolla reflexed

• 2. Gynostegium short

• 3. Corona scales sickle-shaped

• 4. Corona scales erect, fleshy; convex

• 5. Corona scales at base bifid

• 6. Stigma (styler head) umbonate

• 7. Leaves glabrous, leathery

• 8. Umbels of many flowers

• 9. Peduncle short

• 10. Pedicels long

• 11. Flowers often very large (yellowish)

• 12. Pollinia basely attached

Rudimentalia Kloppenburg...mdimentum = a beginning.

(transitional poiiiniatype, rudimentary). Glabrous leaved hoyas, sometimes dimorphic
or effected by formic acid from ants, with many flowered umbels, flowers large, glabrous,
shiney. corollas deeply cut, tubes short, lobes reflexed; corona leaflets erect, large triangular
conic, on the lower surface deeply sulcate; pollinia compressed, short ovate, sterile pellucid
margin rudimentary, almost lacking, retinaculum large broad, translators cone shaped, staminal
head obconic.

• 1 . Leaves fleshy glabrous

• 2. Foliage often modified (formic acid)

• 3. Flowers large, many

• 4. Corolla deeply lobed, reflexed

• 5. Tube short

• 6. Corona erect, large

• 7. Corona deeply sulcate below

• 8. Pollinia broad, ovate

• 9. Sterile (pellucid) edge rudimentary

XIX

10. Retinaculum short broad, prominent

• 11. Styler head obconic

Centrostemma Decaisne) Hooker f... centro = a point and stemma = crown.

(a pointed crown) Hoya multiflora Blume the Type is such a distinctive species that one
should have no difficulty placing species into this section. It is so distinctive that some
taxonomists have felt it should be a genus in its own right and thus not be incorporated into the
Genus Hoya R. Brown. Note: J.D. Hooker in his "Flora of British India" apparently misspelled
Bennett’s Cyrtoceras...cyrto = arched and cerae (cer) = a horn (arched horn) as Crytoceras
while placing it as a hoya section.

Sectional Characteristics:

• 1 . Corolla rotate, reflexed

• 2. Gynostegium with prominent beard about base

• 3. Gynostegiwm elongated

• 4. Corolla inner lobes overtopping gynostegium

• 5. Coronal scales fleshy, erect

• 6. Coronal scales at base horn-like or with apex tooth-like

• 7. Leaves glabrous, leathery

• 8. Peduncles short

• 9. Umbels, many flowered & often large on long pedicels

• 10. Stigma (styler head) dome shaped

A ncistro stemma Hooker.. .Ancistros = a fish hook and stemma = crown.

Hook crowned hoya. To date only one hoya species falls into this section (H. edenii King).
The name was created as a sectional designation and not first as a genus as with many of the
other sections.

• Sectional characteristics are:

• 1 . Corolla reflexed

• 2. Corolla lobes longer than broad

• 3. Column sessile

• 4. Corona gibbous

• 5. Coronal scales below 2 lamellate

• 6. Coronal inner lobe extended upward, erect

• 7. Corona inner lobe bifid, incurved, hooked

XX

Pterostelma (Wight) Hooker.. .Ptero = winged and stemma = crown

"wing crowned hoya." (leaflets of corona membranaceous). Both Blume in Rumphia 4
(1848) 32 and Wight’s description say "corolla rotate" with no mention of the corolla being
reflexed, and the same holds true for the Type description of Hoya acuminata Benth., however,
by the time J.D. Hooker in the Flora of British India 4 (1885) 53 describes the Pterostelma
section he adds "corolla reflexa". This is true of the section Plocostemma but should not be in
this sectional description. ((The coronal scales (foliola) are reflexed but not the corolla)). Both
the drawing of Pterostelma albiflorum (Rumphia tab. 188) and Schlechter’s drawing of Hoya
calycina show the calyx lobes as large and in H. calycina also pubescent, (neither of these
species have reflexed corolla).

The distinguishing features are thus:

• 1 . Corolla rotate

• 2. Corolla lobes longer than broad, linear-lanceolate

• 3. Corolla tube pilose

• 4. Corona scales membranaceous

® 5. Corona scales, sides reflexed

• 6. Corona subulate erect (folded in the middle like a butterfly’s wings)*

• 7. Corona scales broad

• 8. Dorsal not lateral attachment of the pollen masses to the retinaculum (corpusculum)

• 9. Sepals of the calyx large

• 1 0. Stigma (styler head) apiculate

• 11. Flowers conspicuous (large)

• 12. Pedicels equal

• 1 3. Corona scales ovate

• 14. Caudicles (translators) unwinged

• 15. Mesophyll differentiated

Note: characters 12-15 are from Dr. K.D. Hill’s additional observations.

*See Schlechter’s drawing of H. calycina on p. 65 (from the Berlin type

sheet) in Hoyas of Northeastern New Guinea 1992 - ORCA Pub. Co., This
shows the folding of the corona and other details. It is clear also, as Dr. Hill
stated that the H. australis complex belong here. In Rumphia 4 (1848) 33 Blume
placed Hoya albiflora Herb. Zipp. as Pterostelma Wight; P. (Rhytistelma) al-
biflorum, thus in a section (non Hoya) Rhytistelma. Fig. 88 shows a hoya with
rotate corolla but with no flowers showing reflexed corolla, most possibly still

in the process of opening.

XXI

Physostelma (Wight) Blume...from physa = a bladder and stelma = a crown.

(leaflets of crown inflated). This can be combined with the section Cystidianthus
(Hasskarl) King & Gamble (1 843). The umbels of few large flowers are borne on long peduncles.
Under section Cystidianthus we find the additional key character (not mentioned in
Physostelma Wight) "corolla somewhat campanulate" and that the corolla margins are
undulate; "at first spreading then reflexed". Wight says "stigma convex and blunt". Schlechter
emphasizes the "bell shaped" corolla and that 2 sections might be needed to separate the
broad coronal types from those whose coronal lobes are laterally compressed, (e.g. H.
epedunculata Schlechter from H. campanulata Blume). Blume’s Physostemma also seems to
belong here. He says coronal scales "sub-inflated" and that the margins are revolute with a
gaping longitudinal fissure (sulcation). In summary the salient features are: (W=Wight,
S=Schlechter, H=Hasskarl, B=Blume, K=Hill).

• 1 .W Corolla margins rotate later reflexed

• 2.W Bladder-like corona (inflated)

• 3.W Large flowers

• 4.W Few flowers

• 5.W Long peduncles

• 6.W Flattened stigma (styler head) somewhat sunken in center

• 7.HS Bell shaped campanulate corolla

• 8.S Calyx small

• 9.S Corona small in relation to corolla

• 10.H Exterior angle of corona scales rising

• 1 1 .B Corona with gaping longitudinal fissure below

• 12.K Pedicels equal

• 13.K Caudicles (translators) unwinged

• 14.K Mesophyll strongly differentiated

Oreostemma Schlechter... oreo = a mountain and stemma = crown.

A mountain crowned hoya. A section originated by Dr. Schlechter as such and not first as
a genus. Its type species is H. oreostemma Schlechter. Dr. Schlechter felt it might possibly fit
in the Pterostelma section but for the very small calyx and the fact that the outer lobe of the
coronal scales stand up vertically (almost columnar) and the inner ones taper off in a line almost
perpendicular to the tip.

XXII

Thus the sectional characteristics are:

• 1 . Calyx very small

• 2. Corona scales almost columnar

• 3. Corona scales outer lobe stand up vertically

• 4. Corona scale inner lobe tapering to a thin line almost perpendicular at tip

• 5. Corona scale inner lobe ca. 1/2 as high as body

• 6. Corolla strongly reflexed

Plocostemma (Blume) Miguel.. .from ploco = a bladder and stemma = crown.

Bladder crowned Hoya. Dr. Schlechter’s H. piestolepis and H. hypolasia were both placed
in this section. They seem to belong here based on the coronal scale formation and the recurved
corollas. Dr. Schlechter, however, has not drawn the stigmas so we do not know if these two
species have the distinctive apiculate stigmas mentioned and also depicted in Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat. 1:60 fig. 14. (PI. lasianthum Bl.). This drawing, if accurate, also depicts a very
distinctive prominent attachment of the pollinia to the translators. Burton in "The Hoyan" 13
(1991) 28 states "H. cumingiana Decne. is a Plocostemma. This species does not fit the
sectional characteristics in a number of key respects. Its coronal lobes are entirely different in
shape, not laterally compressed, but rather broad in the middle, and not overly upright. The
corolla is not densely woolly. The translators are very small at the attachment point. Most of
all, however, H. cumingiana Decaisne has a very distinctive ornate capitate head to the styler
(stigma) head. I feel it more nearly belongs in Section Cathetostemma (Bl.) Miquel.

Sectional characteristics:

• 1. Corolla densely woolly especially near the base

• 2. Corolla spread or reflexed

• 3. Corona upright

• 4. Coronal scales fleshy, inner apex tooth-like

• 5. Coronal scales laterally compressed

• 6. Gynostegia adnate, somewhat sessile

• 7. Coronal scales below folded upon self

• 8. Calyx small

• 9. Many flowered

• 10. Stigma apiculate

Amblyostemma Kloppenburg...from amblyo = blunt and stemma = crown.

The blunt crowned hoya. Very vigorous growth, large glabrous foliage with revolute edges
to the leaves. Short glabrous peduncles and pedicels. Flowers medium large, many per umbel.

xxin

Corolla glabrous outside densely puberulous inside with revolute lobes. Crown with short blunt
outer apices, scales above concave with an umbo; exuding a colored honeydew which stains
the pubescence of the corolla. Staminal column very short, staminal head apiculate.

Sectional characteristics:

• 1 . Large glabrous foliage

• 2. Leaf edges revolute

• 3. Flower size medium large

• 4. Many flowers per umbel

• 5. Corolla revolute, inside densely pubescent

• 6. Outer corona lobes blunt

• 7. Scales above concave with an umbo

• 8. Exuding a colored honeydew

• 9. Styler head apiculate

Hoya; The original descriptions are very brief, so with few clear characteristics, the
section has become the "dumping ground" for many hoya species. Further sections
should be added to more clearly distinguish those species in this "dumping ground".

Sectional characteristics:

1 . Leaves fleshy

2. Corona furrowed below (sulcate or channeled)

3. Staminal corona approximating horizontal

4. Flowers large

5. Corona scales flat above or slightly cupped

6. Corona scales, outer end acute

7. Calyx small

8. Pedicels equal

9. Corona with slight median ridge

10. Caudicles (translators) unwinged

1 1 . Mesophyli weakly differentiated or undifferentiated.
Note: characters 9-11 are from Dr. K.D. Hill’s additional

characters. I have added 3-7.

XXIV

■~\ r

hGr

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$5.90persetoftenprintsoranytwo
sets for $10.50 first class postage
paid. Overseas & Canada $15.50
per two sets.

Volume 1

H. australis
H. lacunosa

H. pubicalyx ‘Fresno Beauty’

H. multiflora
H. serpens
H. sp. tanna
H. sp. Bangkok #4
H. obovata (foliage)

H. globulosa (foliage)

H. meredithii (foliage)

Volume 2

H. ‘Mini Belle’

H. latifolia

H. subquentuplinervis
H. variegata
H. compacta
H. obscura

H. pubicalyx ‘Bright one’

H. bella

H. shepherdii

H. polystachya (foliage)

Volume 3

H. cinnamomifolia
H. gracilis

H. pubicalyx (dark red seedling)

H. sp. PNG 4
H. arnottiana
H. kenejiana
H. kerrii (Fuzzy leaf)

H. acuta (Green Form)

H. pachyclada
H. obovata

Volume 4

H. fuscomarginata

H. # 454 (unidentified Hoya

species)

H. polystachya
H. acuta (lemon)

H. species # Cl- 1244
H. species # F-484
H. species USDA #354246

H. affinis
H. darwinii

H. pubicalyx ‘Chimera’

H. sp. ‘Gold Star’

H. sp. # BSI-1

H. archboldiana (Red Form)
H. finlaysonii
H. naumanii

Volume 10

H. pubicalyx Cv. Red Buttons
H. species (New Guinea Gold)

H. nicholsoniae # IML 37

Volume 5

H. diversifolia
H. nicholsoniae # IML 39
H. cumingiana
H. neo ebudica
H. padangensis
H. camphorifolia
H. inconspicua
H. caudata var. crassifolia
H. Spec. PNG-1
H. erythrina

Volume 6

H. fraterna
H. coronaria Form 1
H. limoniaca
H. bilobata
H. spec. PNG-6
H. tsangi
H. diptera
H. acuta (bronze)

H. fungii
H. diversifolia-B

Volume 7

H. carnosa cv. "Krinkle 8"

H. sp. Saba, Malaysia
H. Sp. WMZ
H. polyneura

H. sp. WMZ (Back of flower &
calyx)

H. nummularioides (formerly
called H. pubera)

H. acuta Penang
H. plicata

H. carnosa cv. "Dapple Gray"

H. sanae

Volume 8

H. purpureo fusca
H. odorata
H. pottsii
H. Sp. IML 33
H. picta

H. pseudo littoralis
H. nicholsoniae (from Logee’s)
H. micrantha
H. vitiensis
H. curtisii (foliage)

Volume 9

H. sp. USDA #354236 (calycina)
H. merrilli

H. pubicalyx (Silver Pink)

H. rupicola
H. vitellina

H. sp. IML # 234 (obscura)

H. meliflua
H. engleriana
H. megalaster

H. archboldiana (Pink Form)

H. sp. Bangkok Red
H. sp. cebu

Volume 11

H. mitrata
H. sp. DAV-817
H. dimorpha
H. multiflora

H. sp. Sabah, Malaysia #IML 557
H. erythrostemma
H. sussuella (ariadna)

H. kentiana
H. incrassata
H. chuniana

Volume 12

H. eitapensis

H. curtisii/pruinosa

H.sp. (New Guinea White)

H. poolei
H. pallida

H. sp. Kuching, Borneo # IML 232
H. chlorantha var. tutuilensis
H. diptera (from Fiji)

H. cominsii
H. vitellina

International Hoya Association
P.O. Box 51 30
Central Point, OR. 97502

FRATERNA

Official Bulletin for
"International Hoya Association"
3rd. Quarter 1994

ISSN 10055-4564

JAN 3 1 1995

NEW YORK
■'VTANICAL GARDEN

H. campanulata Biume

INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION

(Formerly Hoya Society-West Coast)

P.O. Box 5130
Central Point, OR 97502
(503) 664-6808
A Non-Profit Organization
Bulletin published quarterly.

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overseas beginning 1st quarter 1994 will be
mailed via surface mail.

Officers And Editors

President Dale Kloppenburg

Vice President John Scoville

Secretary/Treasurer Ann Wayman

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Honorary Board Members

Editor Ann Wayman

Board Of Directors

William J. Wayman David Jones

Lina Paul Rudy Bachmann

Jerry Williams Harriett Schapiro

Representing Thailand:
Representing Sweden:
Representing Calif:
Representing Hawaii:
Representing Texas:

Chanin Thorut
Eva Karen Wiberg
Dr. Seymour Linden
Ted Green

Mary Jo Gussett |

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Chuck Everson (Chairman)

EDITORIAL POLICY

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l

OUR COVER PHOTO

HOYA campanulas Blume

By Ted Green
Photos by Ted Green

Rintz said in his article that Hoya campanulata is common in the river valleys of Peninsular
Malaysia. Ever hopeful that I would find the handsome H. campanulata, I returned 3 times over
a 15 year period, to Peninsular Malaysia to collect hoyas. I went exactly to the place noted on a
herbarium sheet (Ula Gombok, 1 7 miles from Kuala Lumpur). I had a feeling that the place noted was
the university agriculture research station which is on a river. I went to the research station 3 times
(Dale Kloppenburg went with me once (1981) and Dorothy, my wife, went with me the last time, 1 989).
We were practically led by the hand, wading up the river, to a large scrambling vine that one of the
men swore was what I was looking for.. .white flowers and all. It didn’t look like a hoya to me but I
brought it back. It is a big vine now, scrambling into a Cacao Tree in my yard, but still no flowers to
prove or disprove what it is. Perhaps an Apocynaceous vine (they look so much like hoyas with white
sap, opposite leaves, no tendrils etc.)?

A thousand miles away in the Danum Valley of Eastern Sabah (part of old British North Borneo), 1
collected in January 1 993. It is illegal to collect within the Danum Conservation Park where we were
staying, so my partner and I went outside into an old logged-over area to collect. Interestingly, this
is an area where the wild elephants strip and eat the bark off the Acacia T rees and leave their calling
cards on the trail (a pile 2 feet high).

On that day, my collection number 93017 didn’t look like a hoya but definitely an Asclepiad. It was
mixed up with a zillion other plants that all had similar leaves. I brought it back and in 18 months it
has grown into an 1 8" high by 24" wide, loose, scraggly thing. ..halfway between a bush and a vine. I
still would have made book that it was not a hoya, and absolutely nothing like the thing that I had
collected at Ulu Gombok.

About the first of this month (August 1994), I noticed a peduncle starting and crossed my fingers
that it would go to maturity. About 2 weeks later, the swollen buds showed that this was going to be
a white or light colored, campanulate (bell-shaped) flower. I got all excited that this might be the long
sought after H. campanulata but still a far cry from what I thought it should look like. Those buds kept
ballooning out for another 10 days or so and then opened. To my delight, I discovered that I had a
beautiful plant of the large flowered form of H. campanulata.

As you can see from the photographs, this plant has glossy 3 to 3 1/2" leaves on fairly rigid stems.
It does not twine and does not root along the stem.. .quite similar to H. multiflora both in leaf form and
genera! growth. It appears to be a good grower for it is branching at several lower nodes. This plant
does not resemble the one on the cover of the Malayan Nature Journal, where Rintz’s article on the
Malayan hoyas is found.

2

H. campanulata cont. from pg. 2

The flowers are 1 1/4" wide by 3/4" deep. I have not detected any fragrance, night or day. Rintz said
that it is in flower for about 8 days.. mine lasted 5 days and the peduncle is persistent for there is
another set of buds already developing.. .A Good Sign, for I like plants that bloom regularly.

Since I have only the one plant, I am watching over it carefully, making every effort to propagate it
both from cuttings and in the lab. I now have it started in vitro and my hopes are high, for this is an
outstanding hoya that should be widely distributed and never lost.

After the serendipity finding this Hoya campanulata, I would like to go back to Danum Valley, despite
the leeches, and see what other goodies are there waiting for me!

Ted Green

Green: Plant Research

Kaaawa, Hawaii

r

v

H. campanulata Biume

3

An Apparent Virus Disease in Hoyas

by Mary Jean Sargent
Photo by Mary Jean Sargent

■ have been growing plants of the genus Hoya for
many years and have considered their culture
quite easy: good light, well drained planting mix,
and not too big a pot. Pests principally are two,
aphids and mealie bugs, the former controlled by
most any insecticide, including insecticidal soap,
and the latter with a twice repeated spray and
drench of Cygon.

It’s not as simple as that. More than a year ago
I began to notice an occasional bright yellow leaf
on some of the 200+ plants that fill my windows
and greenhouses. Gradually the numbersof yellow
leaves increased, and there were darker rings in
the yellow, or leaves still green but with circular
discolorations. Last summer I had many large

plants outdoors in light shade, where they were
stressed by heat and dry winds. There was no
mistaking that certain plants of the same or
different species or cultivars were affected by a
similar condition. I suspected a virus. My OSU
Extension agent agreed. I took plants and leaves
showing the symptoms to the October 1994
Master Gardener Regional Conference in
Portland, Oregon where a panel of horticulturists
from Oregon, Washington and Idaho concurred,
without doubt, these symptoms are those of a virus
disease.

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and
cannot be observed with a light microscope but
must be viewed with an electron microscope. They

4

consist of a protein shell containing the genetic
material, RNA (sometimes DNA) and cannot
function as living organisms without a host
organism. They inject their RNA/DNA into the host
organism’s cells and take over the cell’ functions.
Viruses can be somewhat variable or very specific
as to their hosts. One of the first plant viruses to be
studied was the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV),
another was T urnip Yellows Mosaic Virus (TYMV).
They sometimes cause death of the cells that they
infect while other strains of the same virus may
cause no apparent symptoms. The same virus may
affect other plants in the same genus or even the
same family or the plant may only show symptoms
when it is stressed by environmental conditions.
Many of our favorite vegetables are vulnerable to
viruses. My 1994 Thompson and Morgan Seed
Catalogue lists seed for beans resistant to
Common Bean Mosaic Virus, summer squash
resistant to Cucumber Mosaic virus, and tomatoes
resistant to TMV (could be either Tomato or
Tobacco as they are in the same family). Viruses
are usually spread by insect vectors such as
aphids, leaf hoppers, and mealie bugs. These
insects suck up plant juices from an infected plant
and transferthem to other plants. Root nematodes
may do the same thing. It has been proven that a
virus infection can be transmitted via eggs through
seven generations of leaf hoppers. Another way
viruses can be spread is mechanical, when sap
from an infected plant is transferred into an injury
of an uninfected plant. This may be done
intentionally in a laboratory or accidentally by a
contaminated knife or pruning shears that are not
disinfected between plants. Some viruses may be
transmitted by seed, some are not. Cuttings from
an infected plant are always infected.

Cure of a virus infection once it is established is
very difficult, as the treatment must kill the virus but
not the cell that is its host. Prevention is the
practical approach. Soak used pots, trays, etc. in
5% to 10% bleach and water solution overnight.
Never reuse soil. Disinfect pruners and knives in
alcohol between plants as bleach will corrode
them. Insects must be strictly controlled. Never
use suspected plants for propagation. Discard
infected plants in garbage or burn them, never put
them in the compost pile. If you suspect an

infection, isolate the plants while you observe
them.

Finally you may wonder why the title reads "An
Apparent Virus Disease—". That is, while these
plants show symptoms of a virus caused disease,
for verification the virus responsible must be
isolated, studied, and used to produce identical
symptoms in healthy plants.

reference: Plant Virology, R.E.F. Mathews,
Academic Press, 1970.

Editors Note: Before dashing out to the plant
growing area to destroy valuable plants that exhibit
any of these leaf spot symptoms, please be aware
that any disease.. .fungal, bacterial or virus that
effects a plants plumbing and root system can and
do cause many of the same symptoms. Intense
stress from wind, heat, ozone damage, chemical
burn of the root system from fertilizer salts, or
over-use of pesticides and/or soap, and heavy
insect infestation can also cause yellowing of
leaves and suspicious looking ring spots in that
they all cause plant cell death. There is obviously
a serious disease or a very stressful situation of
some sort present in all of the leaves displayed in
this photo, and they could very well be infected
with a virus. As Mary Jean states in her article.. ."To
be absolutely sure, the virus responsible must be
isolated, studied and used to produce identical
symptoms in healthy plants". If you have any of
these symptoms in your plants, it would be wise to
undertake a spraying program with a good
multipurpose fungicide (every 7 days for several
weeks) to see if there is any improvement.
Fungicides will not cure or improve the looks of a
virus infected plant, nor will it cure a bacterial
infection. They will however keep a fungal infection
from spreading through your entire plant
collection, and in due time your new growth will
grow normally and be disease free. A.W.

The Organic Gardener’s Handbook of Natural
Insect And Disease Control, published by
Rodale Press is an excellent book for plant
disease reference...complete with hundreds
of color pictures.

5

H. excavata Teijam. & Binn

A very large leaved hoya species in the H. diversifolia family.

I received a cutting of this plant as an unknown Hoya species from the Celebes in the fall of 1991 .

My plant grew rampant and developed a peduncle within the first year of growth. This peduncle
was a disappointment however for it withered and fell off. The plant continued to grow into a massive
vine with beautiful, thick, unblemished leaves. Insects always seem to pass it by and converge on
any other plants surrounding it.. .probably because of its extra thick leaves.

Three years later, my plant still had not bloomed or showed signs of developing any more peduncles.
True to form, a cutting of this plant that I shared with Vicky Graves of "Vicky’s Exotic plants" in the
spring of 1992, not only formed peduncles (several of them) but burst into bloom late this past
summer. Vicky brought it to my house so I could photograph the blooms for you all to see. The first
blooms were past their prime but there was only a two day wait before the other umbels began to
open. As you can see the flowers are quite large (about 1 inch across), mellow yellow with beautiful,
furry, soft pink petal tips. There is also a halo of white fur fringing each petal. These lovely colors are
only evident the first day as they soon turn brownish orange from the nectar that oozes out from
between the scales of the cranberry red corona.

This is a worthwhile addition to a plant collection if you have room for such an enormous plant. It is
extremely easy to grow and could completely cover a large trellis in a very short time.

Ann Wayman

6

Questions
& Answers

Question: Can you give me some tips for getting H.
macgillivrayi to bloom? E.K.W.

Answer: The secret to getting flowers from almost
any mature hoya is to give it more light than it is
currently receiving. You might also try a feeding or two
with a bloom booster which is high in phosphorous. In
the case of macgillivrayi. ..make sure it is kept warm.
This is one species that feels a definite chill if the
temperature drops much below 60 degrees fahrenheit
(16 degrees Celsius).

Question: I would like to try growing hoyas from
seed. Do you know of anyone who sells hoya seed, or
can you help me find a source for buying seed? I
would be willing to share my seeds with other
members if I can get some hoyas growing and
blooming. K.M.

Answer: I believe at one time there was a nursery in
Texas that offered hoya seed for sale. I’m sorry, I don’t
have an address for this nursery nor do I know if they
are still in business. As I understand it, all of the seeds
came from insect pollinated Hoya carnosa or Hoya
pubicalyx (the pink silver vine) plants. Now that we
have over 100 different hoya species in cultivation with
every type of leaf and flower variation conceivable, it’s
hard to imagine a growing area full of nothing but
hoya carnosa plants. The reason that you don’t see
seed for sale is because hoyas do not set seed very
easily under cultivation. Either we don’t have the
necessary insects that are able to pollinate them in
their native habitat, or we humans just haven’t learned
how to pollinate them artificially. If you would seriously
like to try growing and setting seed on hoya plants but
don’t want the expense of purchasing the rare and
expensive types, you might consider joining one of
our round robins. The robin participants often
exchange cuttings. There may even be some who
occasionally have seed to share.

Question: What is the object of fertilizing potted
plants, don’t they get the necessary nutrients from the
potting soil? A.M.

Answer: A potted plant will do very well without
added fertilizer for a short period of time, depending
on what kind of potting mix is used. Most nurseries
today, even hobby growers rely on what is called

soilless mixes which has a proportion of peat moss as
its main ingredient, then a certain ratio of other
ingredients are added to improve drainage. These
other ingredients can be vermiculite, perlite, pumice,
sand, leaf mold or any number of other things. Most of
us try to stay away from soil based mixes to avoid soil
borne pests and diseases that thrive in soil, and also
to keep the potting mix light-weight when we ship
them as rooted plants. These types of mixes are
almost totally without nutrients of their own, so we
must resort to fertilizers in order to furnish the plants
root system with the necessary minerals to enable
them to make their own food. Soil based potting mix
will also be depleted of many nutrients overtime as a
little leaches out with each watering. You will
especially notice this in the fast growing vine type
hoyas which can suffer from many nutrient
deficiencies if they are not on a regular feeding
schedule.

Question: I ordered all of your back issues awhile
back and noticed that several of the issues contained
hoya species with numbers only. Have any of these
hoyas been identified or given a name? V.P.

Answer: Several of the numbered hoyas that were
featured in Fraterna have been tentatively identified.
That means that we’re pretty sure we know what they
are, but more research needs to be done before we
make any announcements.

Question: What are the chances of anyone ever
collecting some of the rare hoyas listed in The Hoya
Handbook? A.H.

Answer:There are hundreds of hoyas listed in "The
Hoya Hand Book". This was merely a list of all hoya
names that have been published, and does not
represent a different hoya for each name. We now
know that many of these hoyas were published
several times under different names, and are
synonyms with hoyas we already have in cultivation.
This doesn’t mean that there are not many rare hoyas
still to be collected. Almost every collector that goes
out comes back with a few new or rediscovered
species that we imagined was lost forever. A good
example is H. campanulata featured in this current
issue. A few years ago, bets were being made that it
would never be found.

7

BIRD TRACKS

Do you like to write letters to friends? Are you
interested in making new friends and at the same
time learning more about Hoyas? Do you want the
opportunity to swap cuttings of Hoyas? If you can say
yes to any or all of these questions, why not join a Round
Robin? If you are interested, write to Harriette Schapiro,
5217 Cassandra Lane, San Diego, CA 921 09

Editor’s Note: The round robin groups are without
a doubt our best source of information on methods for
growing hoyas in all parts of the country and under all
types of conditions, making cuttings, growing under
lights, watering, fertilizing procedures, insect and
disease control, amount of light needed for blooms,
and even growing plants from seed. All of these things
should be discussed and reported on often! Out of
four packets of round robin letters received by me in
the past 4 months for inclusion in our robin section of
Fraterna... there is approximately 12 mentions of hoyas
which make up roughly 1/4 of a page dedicated to the
kind of information that readers of the round robin
letters expect to obtain. I need at least a full page in
each issue to justify continueing the round robin
series. Please remember that becoming a member of
a round robin group brings with it a responsibility to
report your latest conquests or failures with the
different hoya species, not only among your particular
group but so that your trials or triumphs can be
shared in "Fraterna" where all members can benefit
from your experiences.

Our Robin Director is a hard working and
thoroughly dedicated hoya enthusiast who needs
your co-operation in order to keep the robins flying
in a timely manner with lots of good hoya
information.

Guidelines for Round Robin
Members:

• 1 . Keep the subject to Hoyas or closely
related plants.

• 2. Do not send copies of dealer catalogs
through the round robins. This makes too
many pages for each robin member to send
on. An address or phone number of the dealer
is sufficient, then each interested member can
send for his or her own catalog copy.

• 3. A brief mention of a favorite hobby is
acceptable. Those who are interested in
hearing more can correspond with you
personally.

• 4. Please type your letters if at all possible, or
print plainly. Many times letters are not used
because the writing is undecipherable.

• 5. Robins should never be kept longer than 1 0
to 15 days. If you are too busy or otherwise
unable to write within this time frame, send it
on to the next person in line and write the next
time.

NOTICE TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE SAN DIEGO
HOYA GROUP (BOTH PRESENT, PAST AND
FUTURE)

Another Society has admitted in print that they have
received two copies of the names and addresses of
the members of the San Diego Hoya Group. We regret
that this has happened. It was not the intention of the
S.D.H.G. that this list be circulated other than between
members.

Because of this other Society’s breach of the
security of our mailing list, we will never again
circulate a mailing list. To those of you in the S.D.H.G.
who have received any critical letters or comments
from anonymous people supposedly representing
another Society, we apologize. If you receive any
unsolicited mail of this type in the future, and it offends
you like it has so many others who’ve been receiving
this type of mail, and the outside of your envelope has
a return address, simply return it to the sender,
explaining your feelings about the matter.

Chuck Everson, Harriette Schapiro
San Diego Hoya Group

These next pages will conclude the text of Dale Kloppenburg’s book on Hoya sections.
There were many line drawings of hoyas and hoya parts included in the original
manuscript. These drawings will be reproduced (a few at a time) in future issues of
"Fraterna" until the series on Hoya sections is complete.

8

r

The Association for plant
& flower people who grow
in hobby greenhouses and
windows!

Quarterly Magazine

Growing & Maintenance

Help & Advice

Hobby Greenhouse Association

8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA 01730-2048

Dues $15 USA, $17 Canada and Mexico (US funds)
$18 Overseas (US funds)

Sample magazine $3

Directory of Greenhouse Manufacturers $2

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VICKIE’S EXOTIC PLANTS"

Vicki Graves owner 522 Vista Park Dr.

(503)826-6318 Eagle Point, OR

Catalog $1.00 97 52*

\ /

IMPORTANT

ANNOUNCEMENT

THE OFFICIAL I.H.A. SLIDE PROGRAM IS NOW
AVAILABLE TO ALL MEMBERS!

/

140 beautiful slides of hoyas (flowers
and foliage shots)! If you would like to
show these 35mm slides to your local
garden or succulent club (or to get a
few members together to see the lovely
presentation), please write to the
person listed below on how to obtain
the slide show.

SLIDE SHOW C/O Gerald Williams

1444E. Taylor St.

Vista, CA 92084

GR^^P^^ES E /\R C H

P.O. Box 597, Kaaawa, Hawaii, 96730

Write for my latest Asclepiad or Orchid Lists.

Always something new from far away places with
strange sounding names

IX Some Representative Species From Each section

Section Peltostemma Schlechter:

• H. imbricata Decaisne

• H. maxima (Karsten) Koorders

• H. pseudomaxima Koorders

Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel

• H. lacunosa Blume

• H. obscura Elmer ex Burton

• H. brittonii Kloppenburg

Section Skenostemma Kloppenburg

• H. heuschkeliana Klopp.

Section Kloiphora King

• H. curtisii King

Section Speriingia (Vahl) Miquel

• H. bilobata Schlechter

• H. micrantha Hooker f.

• H. burtoniae Kloppenburg

• H. microstemma Schlechter

• H. gracilis Schlechter

• H. panchoi Kloppenburg

• H. gigantanganensis Kloppenburg

• H. picta Miquel

• H. hasseltii Miquel

• H. plicata King & Gamble

• H. inconspicua Hemsley

• H. pruinosa Miquel

XXV

• H. kuhlii Koorders

• H. pubera Blume

• H. leytensis Elmer ex Burton

• H. quisumbingii Kloppenburg

• H. littoralis Schlechter

• H. revoluta Wight

• H. loheri Kloppenburg

• H. rizaliana Kloppenburg

• H. tsangii Burton

• H. rumphii Blume

• H. uncinata Teijsm. & Binn

• H. flavida Forster & Liddle

• H. longifolia Miquel

Section Eriostemma Schlechter

• H. coronaria Blume

• H. guppyi Hemsley

• H. ariadna Decaisne

• H. affinis Hemsley

• H. madulidii Kloppenburg

• H. hollrungii Warburg

• H. ciliata Elmer ex Burton

• H. gigas Schlechter

• H. purpurea Blume

• H. lauterbachii K. Schumann

• H. neoguineensis Engler

Section Cathetostemma (Blume) Miquel

• H. laurifolia Decaisne

XXVI

Section Rudimentalia Kloppenburg

• H. darwinii Loher

• H. mitrata Kerr

Section Centrostemma (Blume) Miquel

• H. muitiflora Blume

• H. laurifolia Blume?

• H. platipetala Merrill?

• Section Ancistrostemma Hooker f.

• H. edenii King

Section Pterostelma (Wight) Hooker f.

• H. acuminata Wight non Hooker

• H. sana Baily

• H, albiflora Zipp. ex Blume

• H. rupicola Hill

• H. calycina Schlechter

• H. oligotricha Hill

• H. australis R. Brown ex Trail

• H. bicarinata A, Gray

• H. magnifica Forster & Liddle
Section Physosteima (Wight) Biume

• H. collettii Schlechter

• H. stenophylla Schlechter

• H. campanulata Decaisne

• H. oligantha Schlechter

• H. cystiantha Schlechter

• H. papuana Schlechter

• H. betchei Schlechter

XXVII

H. oleoides Schlechter

• H. patella Schlechter

• H. torricellensis Schlechter

• H. megalaster Warburg

• H. epedunculata Schlechter

• H. microphylla Schlechter

• H. rhodostemma Schlechter

• H. venusta Schlechter

• H. macgillivrayi Bailey

• H. pulchella Schlechter

Section Oreostemma Schlechter

• H. oreostemma Schlechter

• H. poolei White & Francis

• H. alata Hill

Section Plocostemma (Biume) Miquel

• H. lasiantha Korthals

• H. blumeana Schlechter (P. pallidum Biume)

• H. piestolepis Schlechter

• H. hypolasia Schlechter

Section Ambiyostemma Kloppenburg

• H. meliflua (Blanco) Merrill

• H. diversifolia Biume

• H. kerri Craib

• H. obovata Decaisne

• H. excavata Teijsm. & Binn.

XXVIII

Section Hoya

• H. carnosa R. Brown

• H. pubicalyx Merrill

X. A Chronology as to the Sectional Uses by Different Authors follows:

1837 General System of Gardening and Botony 4 s. 23 (A) G. Don

• 1, Hoyaverae p. 125 with description

• 2, not designated p. 127 with description

1838 Genera Plantaram (1836-1844) pub. 1841 Endlicher

• 1 . Hoya verae p. 596 with description H, carnosa

• 2, Wattahaka* p. 596 with description

1844 Decandolle, Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8 Decaisne

• 1 . Hoya verae p. 364 with description

• 2. not designated p. 639 with description

• 3. Wattahaka p. 639 with description

1848 Rumphia 4 C.L. Blume

• 1 . Hoya verae p, 30 Hoyae carnosae, described

• 2. Physostemma p. 32* described

1849 Museum Botanicum Lugduno -Bata vu tn 1 C.L. Blume

• 1 , Hoyae verae p. 43 no description

• 2. Physostemma p, 44 no description

1856 Flora von Nederlandsch Indie 1 Miquel

• 1. Euhoya p. 516 with description

• 2. Physostemma Bl. p. 521 with description

• 3. Sperlingia Vahl p. 523 (Acanthostemma Bl.) described

• 4. Otostemma p. 525 with description

• 5. Cathetostemma p. 525 with description

• 6. Plocostemma p, 526 with description

1885 Flora of British India 4 J.D. Hooker

• 1 . Crytoceras p. 52 described

• 2. Pterostelma p. 53 described

• 3. Ancistrostemma p. 53 described

XXIX

• 4. Euhoya p. 53 described

1895 De Naturl. Pflantzenfamilein 4 (Engler’s) K. Schumann

• 1 . Cyrtoceras p. 289 described

• 2. Ancistrostemma p. 289 described

• 3. Pterostemma p. 289 described

• 4. Euhoya p. 289 described

* Now considered Dregia Meyer nom. cons, or by some Wattakaka Hassk. by others.

1901 Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2 King & Gamble

• 1 . Cyrtoceras p. 559 described

• 2. Pterostelma p. 559 described

• 3. Kloiphora p. 559 described

• 4. Euhoya p. 559 described

• 5. Cystidianthus p. 561 described

1912 Exkursions Flora von Java 3 S.H. Koorders

• 1 . Cyrtoceras p. 96 described in key

• 2. Euhoya p. 97 described in key

• 3. Acanthostemma p. 98 subsection in key *

• 4. Ancistrostemma p. 100 described in key

* Koorders lists this as a subsection designated by Miquel in FI. Ned.

Ind., however, Miquel has only placed this in a section (#3) into
synonymy with Sperlingia, and not as a subsection. In addition
Koorders quotes this on p. 525, however, it is on p. 523.

1913 Botanische Jahrbucher 50 R. Schlechter

• 1. Otostemma p. 105 described

• 2. Euhoya p. 105 described

• 3. Plocostemma p. 105 described

• 4. Pterostelma p. 105 described

• 5. Oreostemma p. 105 described

• 6. Physostelma p. 105 described

• 7. Eriostemma p. 106 described

1988 Telopea 3 (2) K. Hill

• 1 . Hoya p. 244 described

XXX

• 2. Physostelma p. 224 described

• 3. Otostemma p. 246 described

• 4. Pterostemma p. 246 described

Appendix:

Article 22.1 The name of any subdivision of a genus that includes the type of the adopted,
legitimate name of the genus to which it is assigned is to repeat that generic name unaltered
as its epithet, but not followed by the authors name (see Art. 46). Such names are termed
autonyms (Art. 6.8; Art. 7.2) and must include the type of the adopted name of the genus (i.e.
H. carnosa R. Brown). Dr. Blume in Rumphia 4 (1848), 30 in conjunction with Section 1 . Hoyae
verae used Hoyae carnosae (Hoya carnosa R. Br.). The section becomes Hoya (repeating the
generic name unaltered) and becomes an "autonym".

Article 32.6 Autonyms (Art. 6.8) are accepted as validly published names, dating from the
publication in which they were established (see Art. 1 9.4, 22.2, 26.2) whether or not they appear
in print in that publication.

Note Article 6.8 Autonyms are such names as can be established automatically under Art.
19.4, 22.2 and 22.6, whether they were formally created or not. (Section Hoya was not
automatically created).

Article 22,2 The first valid publication of a name of a subdivision of a genus that does not
include the type of the adopted, legitimate name of a genus automatically establishes the
corresponding autonym.

XI. Chronology of Genera Use

Note: Below I have selected the uses of the Generic names, most of which have been
incorporated into Genus Hoya R. Br. as sections. I do this only to show the sequence of events
leading to the formation of the Hoya Sections. Chronologically they are as follows:

1834 Contributions to the Botany of India Robert Wight

• 1 . Physostelma Wight p. 39

• 2. Pterostelma Wight p. 39

1837 General System of Gardening and Botany V. 4 s. 23 (A) G. Don

• 1. Hoya R. Brown p. 125

• 2. Physostelma Wight p. 128

• 3. Pterostelma Wight p. 128

XXXI

1838 Genera Plantarum Endlicher

• 1. Hoya R. Brown p.595

• 2. Pterostemma Wight p. 596

• 3. Physostelma Wight p. 596

1843 Tijdschrift von Natur. Geschieden V. 10 Hoev. & De Vriesse

• 1. Cystidianthus Hasskarl p. 125

1844 Decandolle, Prodromus Syst. Veg. V.8 Decaisne

• 1. Plocostemma Blume p. 630

• 2. Physostelma Wight p. 633

• 3. Pterostelma Wight p. 633

• 4. Centrostemma Decne. p. 634

• 5. Hoya R. Br. p. 634

1848 Rumphia V.4 C.L. Blume

• 1. Acanthostemma Blume p. 29

• 2. Otostemma Blume p. 30

• 3. Cathetostemma Blume p. 30

• 4. Pterostelma Wight p. 32

1849 Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum V.l C.L. Blume

• 1. Hoya R. Brown p. 43

• 2. Centrostemma Decaisne p. 57

• 3. Cathetostemma Blume p. 45

• 4. Cystidianthus Hassk. p. 57

• 5. Plocostemma Blume p. 59

1852 Annales Botanices Systematicae V.3 G.C. Walpers

• 1. Acanthostemma Blume p. 64

• 2. Cathetostemma Blume p. 64-65

• 3. Otostemma Blume p. 65

• 4. Hoya R. Brown p. 65

• 5. Plocostemma Blume p. 67

XXXII

1856 Flora van Indie V.2 F.A.W. Miquel

• 1, Cystidianthus Hassk. p. 515

• 2. Hoya R. Brown p. 516

1858 Botanical Magazine, Curtis’s

• 1 , Plocostemma Blume t. 5081

1858 Annales Botanices Systematicae V.5 C.G. Walpers

• 1 , Physostelma Wight p. 505

• 2. Hoya R, Brown p. 505

1860 Botanical Magazine, Curtis’s

• 1. Centrostemma Decaisne t. 5173

1876 Genera Plantarum V.2 Bentham & Hooker

• 1 . Acanthostemma Blume p. 772

• 2. Otostemma Blume p. 772

• 3. Cathetostemma Blume p. 772

• 4. Plocostemma Blume p. 772

• 5. Cyrtoceras Bennett p. 772

• 6. Centrostemma Decaisne p. 772

• 7. Pterostelma Wight p. 772

• 8. Physostelma Wight p, 772

1885 Flora of British India V.4 J.D. Hooker

• 1 . Hoya R. Brown p. 52

• 2. Physostelma Wight p, 62

1895 De Naturl. Fflantzenfamilein V.4 (Engler’s) K. Schumann

• 1 . Physostelma Wight p. 289

• 2. Truetleria Hooker p. 289

• 3, Hoya R. Br. (Sperlingia Vahl.) p. 289

1910 Systematisches Verzeichnis Java Ko orders

• 1 . Physostelma Wight p. 5

• 2. Hoya R. Brown p. 5

XXXIII

1912 Exkursionsflora, Flora Java V.3 S.H. Koorders

• 1. Physostelma Wight p. 96

• 2. Hoya R. Brown p. 96

1965 Flora of Java V.2 Backer

• 1. Physostelma Wight p.265

* It should be noted that Blume in Rumphia 4 (1844) originally retained the spelling of
Pterostelma but changed Physostelma when designating it as a Hoya Section to
"Physostemma" p. 32.

XII. Hoya R. Brown

Chronology of Literature References

The following publications, here arranged in chronological order, carry descriptions of
Hoya.

• 1809

• 1810

• 1811

• 1826

• 1834

• 1837

• 1837

• 1838

• 1839

• 1844

• 1845

• 1848

• 1848

• 1848

• 1849

• 1849

• 1850

• 1856

• 1858

R. Brown Mem. Wern. Nat Hist. Society 1:26-27
R. Brown Prodromus "Florae Novae Hollandiae" 459
W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis ed. alt. 2:84

C. Blume Bijdagen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie (Bijdr. 1825) 1062

R. Wight Contributions to the Botany of India 29
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine t. 3425

G. Don General System of Gardening and Botany 4 s. 23 (A), 125

S. Endlicher Gen. Pi. 3501 3:177 pi. 270 & 595-596
Lindley in Edwards’ Botanical Register 18
Decaisne in Decandolle Prodromus Syst. Veg. 8:634
M. Blanco Flora de filipinas ed. 2, 142

Curtis’s Botanical Magazine t. 4347, 4397
C. Blume Rumphia 4: 29
Fleur des Serres Ser. I. 4:310, 393, 399, 6: 579
Paxton’s Magazine 15: 243

C. Blume Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1: 42
Fleur des Serres 6: 143; 8: 12
Miquel Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1: 516
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine t. 5081, 5148

XXXIV

1860 Curtis’s Botanical Magazine t, 5173

1869 G. Bentham Flora Australiensis 4: 324

1876 Bentham & Hooker Genera Plantarum 2: 775-6

1882 C. Lauerssen Handbook der Systematic Botany 1066

1883 Hooker f. Flora of British India 4; 52

1883 F.M. Bailey Synopsis of the Queensland Flora 319

1891 O. Kurtz Revisio Genera Plantarum pt. 2

1895 K, Schumann in Englerde Naturl. Phlantzenfamilein 4: 288-289

1895 H, Trimen Handbook of the Flora of Cylon 2 pt. 3: 162

1900 F.M. Bailey Queensland Flora pt. 3: 1012

1901 K. Schumann & K. Lauterbach Die Flora der Deutchen Schutzegebiete in der
Sudsee 512

1901 G. King & J.S. Gamble Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2: 559

1905 K. Schumann & K. Lauterbach Nactrage zur Flora der Deutschen Schutzgebeite in
der Sudsee 351

1912 S.H. Koorders Exkursionsflora, Flora von Java 3: 96

1912 J. Constantin in LeConte Flore Generate des Indo Chine 4: 125

1912 E.D. Merrill A Flora of Manila 380

1913 R. Schlechter Botanische Jahbucher 50: 104 "Die Asclepiadaceen von Deutch Neu
Guinea"

1918 S.H. Koorders Flora von Tjibodas 64

1920 P.F. Fyson Flora of the Nilgiri & Pulney Hill-Tops 3: 283

1922 H.H. Haines Botany of Bihar & Orissa 560-561

1923 H. Ridley Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2: 369-394
1923 J.S. Gamble Flora of the Presidency of Madras 2: 848
1927 H.E. Osmastan A Forest Flora for Kumaon 356

1927 K. Heyne De Nuttige Piantem von Nederlandsch Indie 2: 1296-1297
1936 W. Tsiang Sunyatsenia 3: 171

XXXV

1939 E.D. Merrill Sunyatsenia 4: 124

1950 R. Bakhausen van der Brink & C.A. Backer & Van Stennis Blumea 6 "Notes on the
Flora of Java" 1 : 378

1960 Paham-Hoang Ho Flora du Vietnam 436
1965 C.A. Backer Flora of Java 2: 266
1965 J. Ohawi Flora of Japan 751
1967 J. Ohawi Flora of Japan 216

1973 H. Huber A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon 1: 50

1974 M.R. Henderson Malayan Wildflowers 229 (reprint ed.)

1976 C. Salanha & D. Nicholson Flora of Hassan District Karantaka India 449

1978 R.E. Rintz Malayan Nature Jour. "The Peninsular Malaysian Species of Hoya" 3: 467

1978 Lu Fu Yuan Flora of Taiwan 4: 226; 6: 238

1 981 H. Huber in Dassanayake & Fosberg A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon
110

1983 S.J. Ali Flora of Pakistan 150: 1

1988 K.D. Hill Telopea "A Revision of Hoya in Australia" 3: 241-244

1990 P.l. Forster & D.L. Liddle Hoya R. Br. in Australia, An Alternative Classification
Austrobaileya 3: 217-218

Footnotes:

1 The Greek prefix ‘Eu-’ (=true) added with or without a hyphen, to the generic name, forms
a word which earlier botanists used to indicate the same thing as G. Don intended with his
"hoyae verae" i.e. the true, or original, Hoyas. This implies that the original type species and
its closest relatives were members of the group so named, (in practice this did not always prove
to be the case). Under the current ICBN nomenclature rules such names are illegitimate, and
usually prove to be synonymous with the taxon which includes the type species of the genus
and which bear, as its name, the generic name itself plus the indication of rank (viz., Section
Hoya) without indication of separate authorship so as not to confuse it with the Genus.

2 There is, it appears no article in ICBN to cover the changing of the spelling of a genus
name lowered to a section as Blume has done with the section "Physostemma". It appears,
however, that precedence would dictate that the original spelling be applied.

XXXVI

We now have twelve
complete volumes of
pictures ready as
follows

$5.90 per set of ten prints or any two
sets for $10.50 first class postage
paid. Overseas & Canada $15.50
per two sets.

Volume 1

H. australis
H. lacunosa

H. pubicalyx ‘Fresno Beauty’

H. multiflora
H. serpens
H. sp. tanna
H. sp. Bangkok #4
H. obovata (foliage)

H. globulosa (foliage)

H. meredithii (foliage)

Volume 2

H. ‘Mini Belle’

H. latifolia

H. subquentuplinervis
H. variegata
H. compacta
H. obscura

H. pubicalyx ‘Bright one’

H. bella

H. shepherdii

H. polystachya (foliage)

Volume 3

H. cinnamomifolia
H. gracilis

H. pubicalyx (dark red seedling)

H. sp. PNG 4
H. amottiana
H. kenejiana
H. kerrii (Fuzzy leaf)

H. acuta (Green Form)

H. pachyclada
H. obovata

Volume 4

H. fuscomarginata

H. # 454 (unidentified Hoya

species)

H. polystachya
H. acuta (lemon)

H. species # Cl- 1244
H. species # F-484
H. species USDA #354246

H. pubicalyx Cv. Red Buttons
H. species (New Guinea Gold)

H. nicholsoniae # IML 37

Volume 5

H. diversifolia
H. nicholsoniae # IML 39
H. cumingiana
H. neo ebudica
H. padangensis
H. camphorifolia
H. inconspicua
H. caudata var. crassifolia
H. Spec. PNG-1
H. erythrina

Volume 6

H. fraterna
H. coronaria Form 1
H. limoniaca
H. bilobata
H. spec. PNG-6
H. tsangi
H. diptera
H. acuta (bronze)

H. fungii
H. diversifolia-B

Volume 7

H. camosa cv. "Krinkle 8"

H. sp. Saba, Malaysia
H. Sp. WMZ
H. polyneura

H. sp. WMZ (Back of flower &
calyx)

H. nummularioides (formerly
called H. pubera)

H. acuta Penang
H. plicata

H. carnosa cv. "Dapple Gray"

H. sanae

Volume 8

H. purpureo fusca
H. odorata
H. pottsii
H. Sp. IML 33
H. picta

H. pseudo littoralis
H. nicholsoniae (from Logee’s)
H. micrantha
H. vitiensis
H. curtisii (foliage)

Volume 9

H. sp. USDA #354236 (calycina)
H. merrilli

H. affinis
H. darwinii

H. pubicalyx ‘Chimera’

H. sp. ‘Gold Star’

H. sp. # BSI-1

H. archboldiana (Red Form)

H. fmlaysonii
H. naumanii

Volume 10

H. pubicalyx (Silver Pink)

H. rupicola
H. vitellina

H. sp. IML # 234 (obscura)

H. meliflua
H. engleriana
H. megalaster

H. archboldiana (Pink Form)

H. sp. Bangkok Red
H. sp. cebu

Volume 11

H. mitrata
H. sp. DAV-817
H. dimorpha
H. multiflora

H. sp. Sabah, Malaysia #IML 557
H. erythrostemma
H. sussuella (ariadna)

H. kentiana
H. incrassata
H. chuniana

Volume 12

H. eitapensis

H. curtisii/pruinosa

H. sp. (New Guinea White)

H. poolei
H. pallida

H. sp. Kuching, Borneo # IML 232
H. chlorantha var. tutuilensis
H. diptera (from Fiji)

H. cominsii
H. vitellina

Pictures

International Hoya Association
P.O.Box 51 30
Central Point, OR. 97502

FRATERNA

Official Bulletin for
"International Hoya Association"
4th. Quarter 1994

ISSN 10055-4564

Hoya paziae Kloppenburg

INTERNATIONAL HOYA ASSOCIATION

(Formerly Hoya Society-West Coast)

P.O. Box 5130
Central Point, OR 97502
(503) 664-6808
A Non-Profit Organization
Bulletin published quarterly.

1995 rates for a 1 year membership, which
includes our quarterly publication are $14.00 per
year, $15.00 per year Canada & Mexico,
Overseas $17.00. All publications shipped
overseas are mailed via air.

Officers And Editors

President Dale Kloppenburg

Vice President John Scoville

Secretary/Treasurer Ann Wayman

May 15 for the June issue
August 15 for the September issue
November 15 for the December issue
We also accept advertising on a per year basis. Yoyi
may deduct 10% for the same ad running
consecutively in four issues. Payment in advance,
Please!.

Back Issues

We now have the thirteen original issues of the
Hoya Society -West Coast newsletter bound as one
publication. The price of this bound text is $25.00
U.S. and $35.00 shipped surface overseas. Due to the
extra pages and pictures in our new publication
"Fraterna", we must, out of necessity, increase our
prices for back issues of "Fraterna" to $4.00 per issue,
$5.00 per issue shipped surface mail overseas.

Honorary Board Members

Editor Ann Wayman

Board Of Directors

William J. Wayman David Jones

Lina Paul Rudy Bachmann

Jerry Williams Harriett Schapiro

Chuck Everson (Chairman)

Representing Thailand:
Representing Sweden:
Representing Calif:
Representing Hawaii:
Representing Texas:

Chanin Thorut
Eva Karen Wiberg
Dr. Seymour Linden
Ted Green
Mary Jo Gussett

Representing Holland/Germany
Ruuard Van Donkelaar
Honorary Lifetime Member Loyce Andrews

Editorial Board Mary B. Welch

Advertising

We have advertising available at the following
rates:

Full page camera ready ad $35.00 per
issue

Half page camera ready ad $22.00 per
issue

Quarter page camera ready ad $10.00 per
issue

1/8th page camera ready ad $7.00 per
issue

You may also send us your handwritten or typed ad
on a plain sheet of paper and one of your business
cards and we will lay out your ad for you. There will
be a one time set-up fee on this extra service of $25.00
to be added to our research fund. A copy of your ad
will be sent to you for proofing before final printing
in our newsletter. The deadline for all advertising is:

February 15 for the March issue

EDITORIAL POLICY

Errors of fact may occur from time to time in
"Fraterna". It is the policy of the IHA to publish
corrections of fact, but will not comment on
matters of opinion expressed in other
publications.

Catalogue Requests

The IHA office does not have dealer catalogs
available. Please address your catalog requests
to the individual dealers, or write to our vice
president, John Scoville who will have a listing of
mail order dealers available by January 1 , 1994.

Please send a self addressed, stamped
envelope. John’s address is 651 Aram Ave., San
Jose, Calif. 95128. In some instances there is a m
charge for these catalogs which is normally ^
refunded with your first order.

l

Our Cover Photo

Hoya paziae Kloppenburg

This particular hoya species was collected by E.D. Merrill in a mossy forest at 900 meters altitude on Mt.
Halcon, Mindanao, Philippines in November 1906. It is Schlechter’s unpublished H. eugenioides, and has
been sold for several years in the United States with this name. In 1990 Dale Kloppenburg published this
species with the name H. paziae in honor of his wife Paz who is from the Philippines. In the Filipino language
this name means peace.

This plant is not a vine, but rather a shrub type plant with many leaves on willowy branches that spread
out in many directions and then arches gracefully over the pot edge. It flowers September to November here
in Oregon with 4 to 6 pure white 1 inch flowers per umbel and with a beautiful rose red crown with white tips.
The very thin leavesofyoung growth are extremely subject to attacks by mealie bugs and spider mites (aphids
too if they’re around). I have detected no fragrance on these flowers...day or night. It is an easy plant to grow
but is not overly happy in soil based potting mixes. I keep mine in a half & half mix of sphagnum peat moss
and perlite with a liberal amount of oyster shell to neutralize the acidity of the peat moss. Fertilize very lightly
but often during the spring and summer with a
balanced fertilizer or one higher in phosphorous
than in nitrogen. It loves bright indirect light but
absolutely no direct sun which will bum these
delicate leaves beyond recognition in a very short
time. Ted claims to grow his in full sun in Hawaii but
I found it hiding and blooming its little head off
amoung some very big leaved hoyas that were
shading it from the sun.

This photo was taken by me (Ann) atthe home
of Ted Green in September of 1 994 while attending
a board of directors meeting. Ted has this plant
available from his Green: Rant Ftesearch...which
is actually a very large yard that looks more like a
jungle with a clearing of green grass in the center.

Hill & Dale Nursery also has this plant available. If
you have not received their catalogs, write to them
and ask for one.. .See our ad page for addresses.

Ann Wayman

2

I

MOYA. U3 rcEAN PRE'HSiAM'JA (j

H. loyceandrewsiana Green
Photo by Ann Wayman

H. sp. Diversifolia B

About 1968, I received from Loyce Andrews of
Granbury, Texas, a cutting of a hoya she called
Diversifolia B - for what reason I don’t know for it is
nothing like H. diversifolia Blume. I asked Loyce
about this plant last year and she said that her records
were unfortunately destroyed a few years ago and
she doesn’t remember much about it.

Loyces’ collection came from many sources and I
have a suspicion that this plant came from one of her
trades with the University Botanic Garden of Utrecht,
Holland. I wrote to Utrecht but have gotten no
response. Who knows where Utrecht got it but by its
growth, under my outdoor, natural conditions, I
believe that it came from a monsoonal area, one that
goes through an extended dry season, such as the
Tenasserims (The range between Burma and
Thailand) or Southern Indonesia. I bet on the
Tenasserims for it seems to have the rugged growth
of some of those from that area - H.
subquintuplinervis, pachyclada, rigida and some
forms of kerri.

At one time, 1 considered Diversifolia B to be a
species variation of Schlechters’ H. dolichosparte
from Indonesia but it differs on several points.
Schlechters’ written description could be our
Diversifolia B but his herbarium sheet (from Berlin)
with its sketches shows a different species - one
without the large, thick leaves, of a slightly dissimilar
shape and with different flowers. Some branches of
my plant, under certain conditions (but very seldom),
produce leaves and growth that resemble that of
Schlechters’ herbarium sheet, but never the flowers.

In my nearly 30 years of study of the hoyas, I have
looked at hundreds of sheets in about 10 herbaria
around the world, read all of the original descriptions
and have not found Loyces’ Diversifolia B. Based on
my fruitless search, I propose that the plant in our
collections, now known as H. sp. Diversifolia B be
named Hoya Loyceandrewsiana, after Loyce
Andrews, The long time collector of these interesting
plants.

Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green, New species
(Asclepidaceae)

4

continued from pg. 4

Affinis Hoya dolichosparte Schl. sed robustiore
incremento et foliis maioribus et floribus maioribus
glabricorollis differt.

Translation: Allied to H. dolichosparte Schl. but
differs in that the growth is more robust with larger
leaves, larger flowers with a glabrous corolla.

A robust vine, readily rooting along the internodes;
loosely leafed with flat to conduplicate leaf blades,
1 0-20 cm wide, 1 5-25 cm long; leaf petiole 1 cm thick
x 1x8 cm long with a thick callus on the dorsal side
at the blade attachment; leaf blade thick, 2 to 5 mm,
ovate to widely cordate with acute tip and obtuse to
cordate base; palmately veined with 3 major veins, 2
secondary palmate veins and network of tertiary
veins; peduncle thick, 2-8 cm long, usually presented
vertically, bearing approximately 50-100 flowers on
equal pedicels, 20 mm long, creating a globose
umbel, up to 15 cm in diameter; calyx 5 mm in
diameter, individual lobes ovate-deltoid 1 mm long,
reddish; corolla rotate, 15-20 mm in diameter,
spreading with reflexed, glabrous, triangular lobes
with recurved tip, ivory-white, inner lobes may be
yellow; corona 8 mm in diameter, ivory-white, coronal
outer and inner lobes acute, top convex, ridged,
overall ascending about 20 degrees. Pollinia golden,
oblong with rounded end, shoulder down outer edge,
short, thick, twisted translator and dark red, short
retinaculum. Follicle not seen.

This plant has milky white sap. Flower fragrance is
sweet, pleasant and similar to those of the H. acuta
complex. Flowers last 2 to 4 days.

Collection: Area of origin unknown. From Hort.
Green 9301 , TYPE Bish. duplicate NYBG.

Culture:

From that original small cutting that I received from
Loyce, I have maintained two large plants and
subsequently sent cuttings to collectors all over the
world. More people have sought this plant than any
other hoya for they want to see the heaviest leafed
hoya. I hope that these collectors understand that this
plant needs very bright light and room to show its
natural growth and to flower regularly.

I grow my plants in the open, here in Kaaawa,
exposed to at least 75% sunlight, 50% or more
humidity, planted in firbark waste in 1 0“ cement pots.
I fertilize with slow release fertilizer every 3 months
and fish emulsion fertilizer every week. I give
supplemental water if it has not rained lately. I give no
special treatment to these plants but I do try to grow
them on the dry side.. .and they really perform! In fact,
it is a continual job to entertwine the robust new
stems so that they do not take over the world.

I believe that, after all this time, our Div B should
have a proper name, and that proper name should
be Loyce Andrews’ Hoya...(ie) H. loyceandrewsiana

Ted Green

Green: Plant Research

Kaaawa, Hawaii

Legend for Drawing:

A General Growth; B Flower, flattened out: C Flower, profile view; D Corona lobe, ventral view; E Corona
lobe, dorsal view; F Corona lobe, profile view; G Calyx; and, H Pollinarium.

Editors Note:

Of all the hoya species that I grow, this has
perhaps been the most rewarding for flowers, and
also the most enigmatic as to what it might be. I, along
with a handful or so researchers who like searching
out puzzles and solving them have gone over and
over every piece of hoya literature available trying to
identify this species. Some written descriptions have
come close but never close enough to convince
100% any astute student of hoya taxonomy of its
actual identity. The very thick peduncles are 4" to 6"
long, dark dull purple in color and are held absolutely

upright with a huge umbel of 70 or more flowers that
can remain in the bud stage for several weeks (this
photo shows unopened buds) before finally
opening. ..all at once, within a few minute time frame.

If this new name seems to be a tongue twister. ..just
say Loyce Andrews.. .then put iana on the end.

Ann Wayman

5

Questions
Sc Answers

Question: How long should it take hoya cuttings to
root? I’ve had several cuttings down for about a
month with no sign of rooting as yet. M.M.

Answer: Several factors contribute to the amount of
time that it takes any plant to form roots from a
cutting. I’ve had hoyas root in as few as 4 days or take
as long as a month or more. The average time is
normally about 10 days. Obviously a cutting from old
over-aged woody growth will take much longer to
form roots and sometimes they never do. The object is
to try to get cuttings from mature but still firm and
springy, green growth. They should have a few rows
of leaves left on but remove any bottom leaves that
might touch the rooting mix. On very large leafed
cuttings, at least one node should be buried in the mix
if possible, even if you have to plant the cutting
horizontally. Rooting hormones can help speed up the
process, as can gentle bottom heat. Always keep your
cuttings moist but not sloppy wet which can rot the
stem instead of promoting roots.

Never tug on a cutting to see if it has rooted. Most
of the time you will just break off any tender new roots
that are beginning to form. Instead, watch for new
growth which is your signal that your cutting has
rooted and is starting to grow.

Question: For a long time, the leaves on some of
my hoya plants have been shrinking and after several
months, now have a crinkled or curled up appearance,
they are also getting very yellow and the leaves fall off
at the merest touch. Is this from a plant disease or a
bug of some sort? P.M.

Answer: The condition that you have described
could possibly be from spider mites, however, the fact
that you say that this has happened over a long period
of time makes me suspect that it is from other causes
(spider mites kill plants very fast). Always remember
that anything that affects the roots of your plants will
also affect the appearance of the leaves. The ailment
that you have described sounds to me more like a
nutrient deficiency than either a disease or a bug
infestation. Without seeing the plants in question or
knowing more about how long they have been in the
same pot it is almost impossible to diagnose this
problem. I would suggest that you rows your plants in
fresh potting mix removing as much of the old mix as
possible. After a month or so in the new mix, start a
regular feeding program with a balanced fertilizer. It’s

possible that your plants will never look as lush and
pretty as they once did, but just the repotting will bring
on a splurge of new growth that you can use for
cuttings to make new plants, or drastically cut back
your original plants to 3 or 4 inches and let the new
growth fill the pots. This usually takes longer than to
start new plants from cuttings but your plants will
bloom faster.

Question: I have several hoya plants that looked
great for awhile then began to form funny little stubs of
stems at the soil line that keep multiplying. Any
cuttings that I take from these plants eventually start
forming these same stubby stems. What could cause
this? D.K.

Answer: I also have seen this in some of my plants.
One was an H. obscura that finally stopped forming
stubs after about two years and grew into a very pretty
plant. Another.. USDA 354243 formed stubs on the
original plant but cuttings from this plant grow normal
without any stubs. A year or so ago, a lady told me it
was from damage caused from using Benlate, but I’ve
used Benlate at one time or another on almost all my
plants, so why aren’t all of them deformed? I’ve also
heard that it is caused from a zinc deficiencies, so I
spray all my plants with kelp occasionally which is a
rich source of zinc. Someone else told me it was from
nematodes so I panicked and called out the dept, of
Agriculture.. .after extensive testing I was told there
were no nematodes present. When I had an infestation
of soil mealie bugs a few years ago, I noticed that
these bugs would congregate on any new growth that
would start from the soil line and any new growth was
killed but it left these strange looking little gnarled
stubs. Could it be from soil mealies? I don’t know.

Most of the original plants are still gnarled and
deformed. ..they don’t grow and they don’t die, they
just sit and look pitiful. I wish I could give you a better
answer but I really don’t know what causes them. I
haven’t had any new ones crop up lately so whatever
the cause, either one of my treatments either
corrected the ailment or it just went away by itself.

Question: Last spring all the new growth on my
hoyas died before it even had a chance to form
leaves. The plants themselves seemed to be healthy
but I had no blooms at all last year. I repotted all the
plants in the fall and now (February) they are putting
on new growth that seems normal and stays alive.
Could this have been from something in the potting

7

soil that I was using at the time? Answer: It’s
possible, but I have a suspicion that it’s something
that was put there deliberately for a particular
purpose, but in an excessive amount. What usually
causes new growth to die off is an over-abundance of
fertilizer or other chemicals. New growth will start and
even look normal until the temperature rises, then the
tender new growth heats up to a point beyond what it
can safely handle, the plant cells literally explode from
the heat and the new growth collapses and dies.

Question: I get discouraged looking at the same old
names on all the catalogs that come out. Have there
been any new hoya species discovered recently?

Answer: I don’t know which catalogs you’ve been
looking at, but all of the catalogs that are put out by
the collectors (these are the guys that go out into the
jungles and personally collect these things) all have
many new or rediscovered items almost every year.
Many of these rediscovered items haven’t been seen
or heard from for over a hundred years and in various
cases were thought to be extinct. Because in days of
old...hoyas as well as other plants were only collected
along well traveled trails, stream banks etc. the only
plants that were brought into cultivation were the easy
to get at plants. Seldom did the collectors ever venture
into the canyons or deep forests to collect plants.
Today, collectors go in by helicopter, land in the
deepest valleys and canyons and in some cases
follow the bulldozers to collect plants never seen
before outside of their native habitat from giant trees
as soon as they fall. Yes, we will see many new
species in the future.

1994 IHA Board Of Directors Annual
Board Meeting Coincides With San Diego
Hoya Group’s Trip To Hawaii

Back in 1993, it was decided that the Board of
Directors of the IHA would hold their first meeting
outside the continental U.S.A. We were invited by Ted
Green to hold the Oct. 27, 1994 meeting at his
home/nursery. The invitation was gratefully accepted. 21
people from the San Diego Hoya Group decided to
attend the open meeting as well as visit Hawaii. Ted
Green decided to make it a whirlwind tour of the island
of Oahu for all of us by planning a full schedule for four
days of visiting Rainforest Plantes et Fleurs (Michael
Miyashiro), a Hoya Nursery, plus three botanic gardens,
the Dole Pineapple plantation fields, Pali Lookout, and
more. Ted even hosted a barbecue for 29 people at his
home where everyone saw dozens of beautiful hoyas in
bloom. We all had a wonderful time, and thanked Ted for
all of his efforts on our behalf. The last 3 days were left

for individual sightseeing and lounging as well as
shopping.

Our next Board Meeting will be held on Saturday,
September 30, 1 995 at Rainbow Gardens Nursery &
Bookshop. It will coincide with the San Diego Hoya
Group’s meeting which will also be held at Rainbow
Gardens on Sunday, October 1 st.

The Board Meeting is open to all members of the
IHA.. .You’re welcome to attend. The SDHG meeting
the next day should be lots of fun. ..everyone is
welcome.

Chuck Everson

Announcements From The Editor

Bill Herrera, charter member of IHA and a friendly
sort of guy, has graciously volunteered to head up a
plant swap shop via the mail. Bill says, if you have
plants that you want to swap, bargain, barter,
exchange, switch or trade for, he will take your
requests and try to match them up with those who
have these plants. As a starter.. Bill is looking for H.
kerri variegated form, and is willing to trade almost
anything he has for one.

Contact William Herrera, 5938 Gallup St.,
Lakewood, CA, 9071 3

It is with sadness that I have to report the passing of
Dieter Paul, a long time IHA member from Escondido,
California. Forthe past seven years, Dieter was a tireless
worker for the IHA, working behind the scenes,
corresponding with European members and getting
them very interested in hoyas. The recent explosion of
interest in hoyas in Europe can be directly attributed to
the efforts of Dieter.

It was not unusual for Dieter and his wife Lina to open
up their home and welcome hoya lovers from all over for
a bite to eat, a place to sleep or a trip to or from the
airport.

Dieter was also a charter member of the San Diego
Hoya Group acting as treasurer, staff photographer and
welcoming committee forthe last five years, culminating
recently with his election as president of their
organization.

For all those who knew him and loved him, he will be
sorely missed.

AnnWayman

8

H. sp. Borneo 85-1 981

Photo sponsored by San Diego Hoya Group

As everyone who collects hoyas knows there are
many species in cultivation that have not yet been
identified. ..this is just one of them. Ted Green who
collected this plant in Borneo in 1981 tells me he gave it
these numbers because it was the 85th plant collected
that year. Whether you call it weird, bizarre or just
peculiar, it is kind of cute. It’s a rather small plant with
very stiff branches and rigid 3 to 4 inch long dark green
leaves that are blotched with white and have wavy edges.
The new growth is chocolate brown and covered with
short white fuzz. Cuttings from this plant will root very
fast and even start showing new growth, but because
this species (at least for me) seems to grow in spurts and
stops, it takes a few years to get a well established plant
that will bloom.

This photo was taken at the home/nursery of Michael
Miyashiro in Honolulu, Hawaii last year, and finally
removed my skepticism about it being a hoya. Had I
encountered this plant on a hoya collection trip... I
wouldn’t have collected it, it doesn’t even faintly
resemble any other hoya i’ve ever seen. Just goes to
show us all how clever nature can be at disguises.

The adorable little orange, ball shaped flowers are
almost as fuzzy as a cotton ball while the corona is

completely glabrous and very large for the size of the
corolla. These flowers were unfortunately past their
prime and I accidentally knocked off four of the flowers
while trying to maneuver it into position for a good shot
with the camera.

Particular care should be taken when choosing a
potting mix for this plant. It is very sensitive to
overwatering and the mix should have extra drainage
material added. Cactus mix works well, but even with
cactus mix I usually add some gritty pumice or sand to
the mix. Cut or pinch back the tips of the new growth
while young to force many side branches, otherwise you
will have one long stem with few leaves and even fewer
flowers. In summer I water this plant generously then let
it almost dry out completely before watering again, but
never to a point of wilting. They are slow to recover from
lack of water, and often they never do. Naturally in winter
or cool weather it requires very careful watering.

They can handle very bright light but no direct sun.
This plant is almost completely pest free. I have never
seen mealie bugs, aphids, ants or spider mites on it.
Perhaps it has a natural repellent.

Ann Way man

9

Techniques for Propagation

3

Some people collect art, some collect old cars,
buttons, bells, magazines, old quilts.. .some just
collect junk in general. Remember the old saying "One
mans trash is another mans treasure". We are an entire
universe of collectors.

With practically every new member application
there comes a whole array of questions. Some are on
growing under lights, how and when to fertilize, how
much water, which hoyas are cold tolerant etc. Most
however ask how to propagate hoyas or root
cuttings.. .to add to their collections. The fastest,
easiest and least expensive way to accumulate a large
number of plants is through the use of stem cuttings,
each of which will eventually grow into a full sized
plant.

I for one have to remind myself real often that
everyone doesn’t naturally know how to do these
things, and the ones who do are not necessarily
confident that they are doing it correctly, or maybe
they just worry that they’re not using the proper
method for the type of plant. With most hoyas we
don’t have to worry.. .if it forms roots and shows new
growth in a reasonable amount of time, it’s correct.
Even cuttings planted upside down will form roots and
grow, but they don’t normally do very well. Look your
cuttings over carefully to determine that the leaves will
point downwards towards the ground when the
branches get heavy enough to drape over the pot
edge.

Hoyas as a whole are probably the easiest plant on
earth to propagate from cuttings. If you have water,
you can root a hoya. However, they seem to form
much stronger root systems in some type of very light,
airy rooting medium such as vermiculite, perlite,
shredded sphagnum moss or even sand. There are
those who plant their cuttings in wet cotton, rock wool
or any number of other things that will stay moist. The
trick is to keep them moist but not soggy wet which
will rot the stems.

When we obtain cuttings through the mail, we
pretty much have to work with what we receive. In
most cases the cuttings will consist of one or two 6 to
12 inch pieces of the original plant. In the case of a
slow growing or very rare plant, you may receive a
cutting that is only an inch or so long. This is because
the demand for all new or rare species is so great that
the dealer would soon deplete his own supply if
everyone were to be sent a larger cutting. The size of

the cutting makes no difference as long as the cut is
from mature but not over-aged or woody growth.
Cuttings with one leaf will usually root just as easily as
one that has ten. An exception to this is some of the
very thin stemmed species which should have enough
leaves to allow at least one row to be removed to
expose fresh leaf nodes. Most cuttings will show a little
wilting on arrival but this can be treated with a soaking
in a small tub of warm water for an hour or so in which
a 1/4 cup of table sugar has been dissolved, or you
can use about 50 drops of Super-Thrive if you have it
available.

Work in a cool area out of direct sunlight. Have
your rooting media moist, and the pots filled. I have
found that small cuttings, never over about 6 inches
long will root and begin new growth much faster than
a long heavy cutting that may wobble around in the
pot. For very small cuttings, use very small pots. Use
your index finger or a pencil to make a hole in the
rooting medium. Make a fresh, new cut with a razor
blade or very sharp knife, dip your cutting in rooting
hormone if like.. .it does help to keep the stems from
rotting. Shake or blow off any excess powder, and
insert the stem portion of your cutting an inch or so
into the hole, making sure that some of the bare leaf
nodes are covered with the rooting medium. Press the
rooting medium firmly around the stem and water
again. I like to cover the thin stemmed cuttings with a
small plastic bag which has had a few vent holes cut
into it to keep the leaves from losing moisture. Don’t
tie these bags down, just place them loosely over the
cuttings. For the large leaved species that have long
bare spaces between sets of leaves, it is best to keep
the stems short, and the leaves few. By that I mean cut
your stems short, leaving one leaf or two leaves and
bury them all the way to the base of the leaf, covering
part of the leaf stem. The new roots will form directly
under the stem that the leaves are attached to, and
your new growth will develop from the upper side of
the leaf stems. This makes a nicely shaped plant very
quickly. When several sets of leaves are left on a large
leaved species, it seems to take much longer for new
growth to begin.

One word of warning about propagating from
cuttings.. .it is addictive!. When we find that we can
make 1000 plants or more, each identical to the
original, starting from one small cutting, we tend to
over-collect.

AnnWayman

10

BIRD TRACKS

Robin # 5. .06/94.. .Anne Geaudreau, Idaho. Right now
I have in bloom H. lacunosa, bilobata, obscura,
carnosa "lime cream", pubicalyx and multiflora. I have an
overgrown bella that I moved out of a window and now
it isn’t doing very well.

Robin # 5.. 04/94... John Scoville, Calif. You bring up
a point about feeding hoyas and there are many
underlining points that we can easily overlook. One is
that some of us (like myself), use completely inert
ingredients in our potting medium and I know that
fertilizers, iron, and trace elements are absolutely
necessary for plant growth. I use 14-14-14 slow
release that contains chelated iron and trace elements
and has a replenish time of 1 10 days. It works for me
but I sure wish more time and energy could be spent
studying this and other requirements of hoyas and
other milk weed family members. The only things that
flower here in California are blooming idiots! Wasn’t it
Ted Green, when in Wales on a visit looking at over a
thousand blooms from a single Hoya linearis plant,
that said "I can’t believe it" I have trouble keeping it
alive.

Robin # 1 ..03/94. ..Mary Jean Sargent, Oregon.
Seems like all my big plants are in bloom or budded.

H. macgillivrayi has a cluster of 9 buds about to open
and that’s so exciting as it only had 2 flowers last
summer, also several more clusters coming. John the
H. linearis that I took your cutting from has a cluster of
buds coming on the end of a 20 inch branch. It is in
the kitchen window above the sink with an eastern
exposure. Gets misted most days. Will take a picture
for you.

Robin # 1.. 04/94.. .John Scoville, Calif. I have H.
acuta (spearmint scent) in gracious bloom and it
smells so good. H. pachyclada Kerr, a usually fine
early summer bloomer did not repeat last years
performance. I don’t expect any of the H. australis R.
Brown to make it this year due to the cold but
hopefully the mid to late ones will put on some kind of
display. I have Dale’s H. sp. # 900118 in suitable size
and adequate vine length so perhaps it will do
something. It is one I believe he collected while in the
Philippines over four years ago and it doesn’t seem to
want to set a peduncle. I want it to bloom so I can run
it down to him and get another lesson in taxonomy.

Robin # 1 .. 03/94.. .Audry Kantor, Oregon. My large
leaf cinnamomifolia is in bloom, along with obscura,
the first bilobata?, Ted Green’s angustifolia and
polystachya. I have buds on minima, fungii, silver pink,
several of the carnosa types, bangkok 4 and maybe

poolii. The H. micrantha bloomed in February and just
dropped last week. They sure lasted a long time. Most
of my hoyas don’t get enough light, yet all those in the
east window bloom first then those in the south and a
few on the west. When they are four or five deep not
much sun gets to them.

Robin # 3..07/94...Harriette Shapiro, Calif. Jackie,
your plan for a potting area sounds great. If you have
not solved the hose problem, look for Gardena hose
accessories. They make the best snap fit connectors.
The nozzle I like for watering is one that will put out a
fine rain-like flow. These have been made in at least
two nozzles, one looks like a ray gun and also
provided a jet and two fan sprays. The seals on the
fittings and the snap connectors is an o-ring and really
works. One of mine lasted 6 years before I had to
replace the o-ring.

Robin # 3..07/94...Dale Kloppenburg, Calif. For
now, I am mostly interested in photo-documenting all
the new material and trying to separate out all the
synonymous material. So many species have been
lumped under FI. acuta that I must work on that group
to see if a cline exists or not. I discovered a mistake in
the early literature so that the correct name for the H.
acuta complex now is FI. verticillata (Vahl) Don. This
dates from 1 81 0 (same year as the genus Ftoya) so
believe this may be the final name. This means a
catalogue change next year. I have been doing a lot of
organizing once again. It seems keeping things so
they are readily obtainable is more work than the
research. I am labeling all the outsides of my photo
albums so I will not have to open every cover to find
out where to look up a hoya to compare it to another. I

11

still have not really started on the new Philippine
material collected for the new Flora. Have finished one
more book, this one is on the meaning of all hoya
names and a dictionary. Lots of things blooming, all
the old favorites and a few new ones like H.
cardiophylla, and a new yellow one from the Baguio
area with sloping pagoda-like coronal lobes. This latter
one I can’t seem to place anywhere so far. If all
researchers would have made drawings like
Schlechter did, it would make identification a lot
easier.

Robin # 3..08/94...Benigne Dohms, Florida. Right
after I last wrote I made the "annual summer move"
with the hoyas from inside to out. This year I took one
additional step; I selected a half dozen plants and
hung one in a dense oak tree, another in a less dense
oak, and the rest in a popcorn tree. The oaks are a
fairly rigid tree in terms of the branches and tight, stiff
leaves. On the other hand, the popcorn tree is flowing,
with fluttery leaves. I put pubicalyx cultivars in the
oaks and although they look very happy, they had
moderate growth. Best growth was from those pots in
the popcorn tree, with 4 foot octopus arms typical,

especially on fuscomarginata, which is also the only
plant to bloom this summer. Not only is there a lot of
new growth, but old and new leaves have wonderful
color and a very healthy look. The arms are merrily
wrapping themselves around every branch they can
find. I will have to go by the nursery soon and pick up
some pre-made wire hoops and begin untangling and
retraining the growth.

Robin # 3..12/94...Harriette Shapiro, Calif. Well, it’s
now Monday. The Christmas party was great fun. The
slide show of the Hawaii trip and Board Meeting had
some photos of spectacular plants. Chuck Everson of
Rainbow Gardens was the photographer and narrator.
His only complaint was that there were few hoyas in
bloom when they went. Probably the most spectacular
hoya was H. imbricata. It had grown way up into a
palm tree and was in flower when they were at Ted
Greens. The biggest news was the second hand tale
of Ted and Dale Kloppenburg’s trip to the Celebes.
Dale brought home over 70 hoya cuttings, some of
them totally unidentified. Ted brought home over 100
cuttings. We will all have to sit back and wait to see
what appears in the next few years.

Do you like to write letters to
friends? Are you interested in
making new friends and at the
same time learning more about
hoyas? Do you want the
opportunity to swap cuttings of
hoyas? If you can say yes to any or
all of these questions, why not join
a Round Robin? If you are
interested, write to Harriette
Schapiro, 5217 Cassandra Lane,
San Diego, CA 92109

12

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V

Photo sponsored by Ann Wayman

H. limoniaca S. Moore

We have just visited with a hoya that is practically
bug-free (H. sp. # 85-1 981 ), now lets take atour
to Bug City and visit with H, limoniaca.

As much as we are attracted to this beautiful
foliaged plant and handsome flowers, all kinds of
bug pests are attracted even more. I can’t imagine
what allure this species holds for so many types of
insects, but it seems to entice every bug within a mile
radius and pulls them in like a magnet.

Maybe I’m just not being fair, I did grow this plant
for several years before the bugs found it. it is a
stunning plant. The foliage is outstanding. ..with
glossy, bright green, leathery, distinctly veined

leaves. The flowers are typical of flowers in the H.
nicholsoniae complex.. .not spectacular but very
pretty, from pale yellow to slightly tan in color. They
have a nice fragrance, and it is a reliable bloomer.

If you want to try your hand at growing this
species, most dealers have it on their lists. It is
certainly easy enough to grow, with no special
requirements as far as potting mix, watering etc. I
would highly suggest using some kind of systemic
insecticide granules in the potting mix, and reapply
a few granules at least once a month. Keep the
humidity high to discourage spider mites.

Ann Wayman

13

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■\ r

VICKIE’S EXOTIC PLANTS"

The Association for plant
& flower people who grow
in hobby greenhouses and
windows!

Quarterly Magazine

Growing & Maintenance

Help & Advice

Hobby Greenhouse Association

8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA 01730-2048

Dues $15 ( Canada and Mexico, $17 US funds/MO)
($18 Overseas, US funds/MO)

Sample magazine $3

Directory of Greenhouse Manufacturers $2.50

V

J

\

Vicki Graves owner
(503)826-6318
Catalog $1.00

522 Vista Park Dr.
Eagle Point, OR

97524

IMPORTANT

ANNOUNCEMENT

THE OFFICIAL I.H.A. SLIDE PROGRAM IS NOW
AVAILABLE TO ALL MEMBERS!

140 beautiful slides of hoyas (flowers
and foliage shots)! If you would like to
show these 35mm slides to your local
garden or succulent club (or to get a
few members together to see the lovely
presentation), please write to the
person listed below on how to obtain
the slide show.

SLIDE SHOW C/O Gerald Williams
1444E. Taylor St.

Vista, CA 92084

P.O. Box 597, Kaaawa, Hawaii, 96730

Write for my latest Asclepiad or Orchid Lists.

Always something new from far away places with
strange sounding names

'I

14

We now have twelve
complete volumes of
pictures ready as
follows

$5 . 90 pe r set of ten pri nts o r any two
sets for $10.50 first class postage
paid. Overseas & Canada $15.50
per two sets.

Volume 1

H. australis
H. lacunosa

H. pubicalyx ‘Fresno Beauty’

H. multiflora
H. serpens
H. sp. tanna
H. sp. Bangkok #4
H. obovata (foliage)

H. globulosa (foliage)

H. meredithii (foliage)

Volume 2

H. ‘Mini Belle’

H. latifolia

H. subquentuplinervis
I H. variegata
H. compacta
H. obscura

H. pubicalyx ‘Bright one’

H. bella

H. shepherdii

H. polystachya (foliage)

Volume 3

II. cinnamomifolia
H. gracilis

H. pubicalyx (dark red seedling)

H. sp. PNG 4
H. arnottiana
H. kenejiana
H. kerrii (Fuzzy leaf)

H. acuta (Green Form)

H. pachyclada
H. obovata

Volume 4

H. fuscomarginata

H. # 454 (unidentified Hoya

species)

H. polystachya
H. acuta (lemon)

| H. species # Cl- 1244
H. species # F-484
H. species USDA #354246

H. pubicalyx Cv. Red Buttons
H. species (New Guinea Gold)

H. nicholsoniae # IML 37

Volume 5

H. diversifolia
H. nicholsoniae # IML 39
H. cumingiana
H. neo ebudica
H. padangensis
H. camphorifolia
H. inconspicua
H. caudata var. crassifolia
H. Spec. PNG-1
H. erythrina

Volume 6

H. fratema
H. coronaria Form 1
H. limoniaca
H. bilobata
H. spec. PNG-6
H. tsangi
H. diptera
H. acuta (bronze)

H. fungii
H. diversifolia-B

Volume 7

H. camosa cv. "Krinkle 8"

H. sp. Saba, Malaysia
H. Sp. WMZ
H. polyneura

H. sp. WMZ (Back of flower &
calyx)

H. nummularioides (formerly
called H. pubera)

H. acuta Penang
H. plicata

H. carnosa cv. "Dapple Gray"

H. sanae

Volumes

H. purpureo fusca
H. odorata
H. pottsii
H. Sp. IML 33
H. picta

H. pseudo littoralis
H. nicholsoniae (from Logee’s)
H. micrantha
H. vitiensis
H. curtisii (foliage)

Volume 9

H. sp. USDA #354236 (calycina)
H. merrilli

H. affinis
H. darwinii

H. pubicalyx ‘Chimera’

H. sp. ‘Gold Star’

H. sp. # BSI-1

H. archboldiana (Red Form)

H. finlaysonii
H. naumanii

Volume 10

H. pubicalyx (Silver Pink)

H. rupicola
H. vitellina

H. sp. IML # 234 (obscura)

H. meliflua
H. engleriana
H. megalaster

H. archboldiana (Pink Form)

H. sp. Bangkok Red
H. sp. cebu

Volume 11

H. mitrata
H. sp. DAV-817
H. dimorpha
H. multiflora

H. sp. Sabah, Malaysia #IML 557
H. erythrostemma
H. sussuella (ariadna)

H. kentiana
H. incrassata
H. chuniana

Volume 12

H. eitapensis

H. curtisii/pruinosa

H.sp. (New Guinea White)

H. poolei
H. pallida

H. sp. Kuching, Borneo # IML 232
H. chlorantha var. tutuilensis
H. diptera (from Fiji)

H. cominsii
H. vitellina

Pictures

International Hoya Association
P.O. Box 51 30
Central Point, OR. 97502

LIBRARY

MAY 1 7 1995

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

FRATERNA

Official Bulletin for
"International Hoya Association"
1st. Quarter 1995

ISSN 10055-4564

About The Price of Hoyas

Did I hear or read somewhere that
hoyas are outrageously expensive?
Well let’s consider how we came to have all
these new and wonderful hoyas in our
possession. Obviously we can’t just jump in
our cars and go buy them cut-rate from the
nearest garden center (at least not yet).
They come from far away jungles, mountain
tops and rainforests in Southeast Asia,
many of the South Pacific Islands, India,
China and even Australia. How do they get
here? Because we have a few dedicated
men in our midst that go out to collect them
and bring them back for us to enjoy, and for
identification and research work. These
men are not wealthy philanthropists that
have nothing else to do with their time and
money than search the world overfor plants
that will make us hoya nuts a little happier.
The men that I know personally are hard
working individuals that surrender a month
or more of their time, not to mention several
thousand dollars of their own money each
year to make these collecting trips for our
benefit. What could they possibly get out of
it? They battle leaches in the streams,
snakes in the grass, tarantulas as big as
dinner plates, scorpions up their pant legs
and worst of all ants. They don’t get paid for
it. ..seldom do they get any recognition or
even hear a thank you. What they do hear
and often read about is a lot of complaining
about prices from people who have
absolutely no idea what collecting plants
from far away places is all about.

I have often wondered if the people who
wage these smear campaigns have ever
given a thought to how many years a plant
has to grow before cuttings can be offered
for sale, how many cuttings can be made
from a slow growing plant in a years time,
or stopped to consider how many hoya
cuttings would have to be sold each and
every day to pay for even one of these trips.

I can assure you that the men I know are
not getting rich from selling cuttings. I can
just as easily assure you that few if any are
even coming out with enough money to
cover the barest essentials of such a trip.
The few people that do invest in one of the
more expensive hoya cuts from these
collectors very quickly become potential
competitors, with each person setting their
own price for items that they have made
very little investment in. Cuttings are given
away and traded through the round robins
or among friends. Cuttings are also rooted
by the dozens and sold at flea markets
thereby reducing, even further, the original
collectors chances of recapturing little if any
of his collecting costs.

I’m not suggesting for a moment that
anyone discontinue trading cuttings. ..in
fact, sharing cuttings, friendship and the
knowledge that we gain from growing these
plants is sort of what our organization is all
about. What I am suggesting is that we as
individuals and as members of a world-wide
Hoya association should not be guilty of
even one thoughtless word about these
committed persons. It can’t change the
price that these collectors must get for these
rare items and can only do harm to the
progress that has been made in the
promotion of hoyas.

Remember, everyone is entitled to a fair
profit, and cannot remain in business for
very long if their costs exceed their returns.
I am very doubtful that there is anyone out
there who will be devoted enough to
continue this work if our present collectors
decide that they can no longer support
these trips year after year?

Ann Wayman

3

H. loheri Kloppenburg

I’m aware that this species was featured in Fraterna in
the not too distant past. However, since the picture
that appeared with the previous article was of a single
flower, and I now have this beautiful photo of an entire
umbel plus some of the foliage in the background, I
couldn’t pass up the chance to share this exquisite little
plant with you again.

This plant was collected in the Philippines and was
grown for several years by collectors who felt pretty
certain that it was a Dischidia. Sometime during 1990
Dale Kloppenburg spent 5 days atthe University of Calif
at Davis, going through their herbarium sheets and
making photo copies. When he arrived home, he called
to say that he had found herbarium sheets of some
really unusual hoyas, and proceeded to describe a few
of them. He was right.. .at least two sounded extremely
unusual. As fate would have it, the little Philippine plant
that was thought to be a Dischidia decided that this was
the year it was going to bloom. As peduncles began to
form, I received phone calls from Dale at least twice a
week, giving me the latest update on their progress.
Since the very first peduncle formed, he was fairly sure
that this was no Dischidia, on the other hand, it didn’t
look much like a hoya either. Now my home in Oregon
is 480 miles from Dale’s home in Fresno, California, but
the day these flowers opened... I swear, I heard him

holler from here. Everyone who knows Date is aware
that he can get a little excited, especially over new
hoyas. Maybe excited isn’t exactly the word to use
here, he was more like delirious. Not only did he have
a hoya that he had never seen or heard of before. ..but
he had the type sheet to back it up. This type sheet of
Loher’s from the herbarium at U.C. had no name and
no number, so it is probable that Loher couldn’t decide
either whether it was a hoya or something else.

This is truly an oddity and a surprise in the Hoya
genus but a very gratifying one. The leaves roll
backward like an upside down canoe and grow stiffly
upright. The flowers are unique, both in color and form.
The corolla is fuzzy and is a brilliant, glistening burnt
orange. The corona is extremely upright like a
Dodecatheon flower and forms a sharp peak. Perhaps
a close inspection of the picture can provide a better
description than I can give.

This is one of the easiest hoyas to grow, with not
much more care than to be kept moist, fertilized on a
regular basis and given bright light. Much of the new
growth comes directly from the roots, so you can have
a full pot in no time at all.

Ann Wayman

4

Questions

& Answers

Question: I keep seeing the expression reticulate as
applied to a leaf used in some of the hoya literature.
What does this term mean? L.V.

Answer:The term reticulate in a leaf means
net-veined or overlaid with a network of lacy looking
(usually white but can be brown, maroon or dark
green) vein patterns.

Question: Why doesn’t your magazine contain
articles about Dischidias? D.M.

Answer: Our magazine was established for the
purpose of furthering knowledge and interest in the
Hoya genus. Although I grow several species of
Dischidia, I do not have the personal knowledge to
write about them. No articles on Dischidia have been
submitted for publishing, and certainly no-one has
volunteered to do any writing about them. Your best
source would be the International Asclepiad Society,
based in England. Write to their American
Representative, D. Craig, 67 Hill Street, Norwood, MA,
02062.

Question: I’m sending a picture of a hoya that I
purchased several years ago as H. bandaensis. My
neighbor grows several varieties of hoyas and tells me
that this is not bandaensis because it sure doesn’t
look like hers. Can you tell me what it is? Or if maybe
hers is wrong. K.P.

Answer: I can’t tell you what it is. ..but I can tell you
what it ain’t, and it ain’t bandaensis! (that’s terrible
grammar Ann!). The plant in this picture appears to be
H. australis, although it’s taken from such a long
distance away that it’s hard to tell. The actual H.
bandaensis is a member of the H. diversifolia family
which includes the plant we know as H. fraterna, H.
meliflua, H. excavata and of course H. diversifolia. All
these species are huge plants and have thick,
leathery, shiny leaves. The flowers are all fuzzy to
some degree and all exude a thick very dark nectar
from beneath the corona scales. H. bandaensis is
described as having white flowers with a red stripe
down the center of each petal. I’m of the opinion that if
we have H. bandaensis in cultivation at this time, it
sure is being stingy with its flowers, for I’ve never seen
any flowers that match the description.

Question: In your opinion, which hoya is the best
bloomer? J.W.

Answer:Three years ago, I would have
immediately answered H. obovata. That was the year
that obovata bloomed practically non-stop for a 10
month period. Last year it reverted back to being a

seasonal bloomer with heavy bloom in the spring and
a short bloom period in the fall. This year the shrub
type of H. pachyclada has been in constant bloom
since the middle of January and shows no sign of
stopping. ..each set of buds push the old ones off to
make room for the new ones. Of course the carnosa
and pubicalyx types are almost always in bloom to
some degree, and multiflora puts them all to shame.
There have been years that my entire greenhouse was
ablaze with blooms from early spring to well into the
winter with nearly all the plants having some flowers,
and each one a favorite. I guess my answer would
have to be. ..whichever plant is performing best in that
particular year.

Question: I have several plants that lost all their
leaves during the winter. I was going to throw them
away but they don’t look dead. Is there a chance that
they may get new leaves and become decent looking
plants again? A.B.

Answer:The chances are very good that your
plants will survive and in time become nice looking
plants again. Not only is it possible for them to get
new leaves but also new growth can come directly
from the roots making whole new plants alongside of
the old stems. Never throw a valuable plant away until
you are absolutely sure it is dead. Many times a plant
will suffer such stress (too cold, too hot, not enough
humidity etc.) that they throw off their leaves in an
attempt to conserve energy. As soon as the stressful
situation is corrected, they perk up and begin to thrive
again. To speed up the process of rejuvenation, It
helps to spray a light mist on the bare stems several
times a day.

Question: I’ve tried to grow H. serpens for years
and kill them almost as fast as I buy them. What’s the
secret? P.M.

Answer: I’ve heard a lot of different theories and
what works for one may not necessarily work for
another. I tried unsuccessfully to grow serpens in a
soil based mix which it didn’t like at all. I grew one
beautifully on a piece of pumice in a dish of water for
about five years but it finally died when I went back to
work and kept forgetting to put water in the dish. I
finally arrived at a satisfactory mix consisting of 1/2
Canadian sphagnum peat moss and 1/2 perlite with 2
teaspoons of dolomite lime per quart of mix. I have 4
pots of these growing and all are doing well and flower
regularly. I keep them moist but not wet. They grow
great in dim light but will not flower unless they get a
few hours of bright indirect light each day. They also
grow and bloom abundantly under fluorescent light.

5

BIRD TRACKS

The first thing I would like to type out is an apology to
all of the robin members and especially to Harriette,
our robin director for sheer oversight on my part. In the
3rd quarter 1 994 Fraterna, I wrote what amounted to an
editorial, reprimanding the robin members for holding up
the robins and for writing about things other than hoyas.
Well. ..as the saying goes, "the shoe is now on the other
foot". I ventured into one of the spare bedrooms the other
day to do some cleaning, and found 6 stacks of
unopened robin packets. They had been put there while
I was ill, either by my husband who is a classic neat nik
and thinks that if things are shoved out of sight, the house
is clean. ..or by one of the ladies who came in to help me.
Each of these are full of hoya news, and will be appearing
in this and future issues. A.W.

Robin # 3. .04/94.. .Jackie Pendergast, MN. I bought
the packet of 60 Hoya foliage photos (advertised in
Fraterna) and am delighted with them! Much better
than a book. On the soil subject: I usually buy bagged
potting soil when our nursery has it on sale. Then I
add vermiculite, perlite and peat depending on what I
have on hand to lighten it. For cactus and succulents
I’ll add sand from my beach (inland lake), strain it
through a colander and add oak leaf mold. Also
doctor it with bone meal and lime. So far; no
^ mushrooms!

Robin # 3. .03/94. ..Harriette Shapiro, Calif. Binkie,
your comments on bargain soil brings up a good
question. Why don’t we exchange notes on two highly
related topics in this round? First, what is our favorite
(best) soil mix, and second, how do you get ready for
spring/summer and the good growing times. I just
took a quick turn outside, Cheng-Mai and Cl 1244 are
both showing bud formation. H. nicholsoniae, broad
leaf form is showing the most magnificent leaf color. It
turns deep red when grown in higher light than usual.

Robin # 3.. 04/94.. .Dale Kloppenburg, Calif. I
recently received new that my taxonomist friend Dr.

Ben Stone died of a heart attack in Manila where he
was the head of the Philippine Flora Project. I had just
consulted with him the day before he flew to Manila. I
had discovered a major error in the hoya literature and
needed his confirmation on my discovery. I have been
very busy trying to systemize all the data on hoyas. I
obtained some original literature from Denmark which
was enlightening. I hope it will appear in Fraterna. In
the mean time it was sent to Leiden for publication and
review.

Robin # 3.. 04/94... Rosemary Peterson, Calif. My
I favorite soil mix is from a local cactus and succulent

place called House of Cactus. It is very sandy and I
add other things to it, mainly vermiculite or perlite and
a little potting soil. To get ready for the new season all
I do is increase the watering.

Robin # 3..05/94...Benigne Dohms, FL, Most of the
hoyas are looking good. I fed them lightly in March
and increased the watering frequency as temperatures
warmed. The new potting soil, Metro Mix 300 (same
company as Peters products), is doing very well. It is
loose, drains thoroughly, yet retains moisture and
doesn’t pack. I am not adding anything to it at this
point because the "ingredients" seem well balanced.
This is the best brand of store-bought soil I have found
thus far. For whatever reason, tsangii and both pots of
globulosa went from very healthy to very dead, all at
the same time.

Robin # 3. .06/94.. .Joyce Blumenstock, Ml. I don’t
know why the hoyas are blooming so well. I just
counted and there are at least 21 different kinds
blooming. ..some for the first time. All are very healthy
and mealybug is almost eradicated because we
sprayed with dormant oil last month. I have found
mealies on only one plant so far. If I were not so lazy I
would spray them again. I have mentioned dormant oil
so many times as an alternative to insecticides and
have been poo-pooed. But now there is a milder
(lighter) version of it being sold by Gardens Alive and
a handful of garden stores. Even the Rose Society in
its latest bulletin raves about mixing it with 2
tablespoons of baking soda and water for a rose
spray.

6

7

H. heuschkeliana Kloppenburg

Photo and article by Ann Wayman

This photo was taken in Sept. 1 994 at the home/nursery
of Michael Miyashiro, in Honolulu, Hawaii. We have
featured the dark pink version of this species, and this one
is identical except for the golden yellow flowers. It seems
to be slower growing than the pink form with not quite as
many flowers. Culture is exactly the same.

Please take a close look at the drawings on the opposite
page. These are just a small sample of the bizarre shapes
that flowers in the Hoya genus can evolve. Since our photo
feature this time is spotlighting H. heuschkeliana which
has been subjected to some controversy as to whether it
should be placed in the Hoya genus, I felt that it would be
appropriate to take a look at some of the other species
that, on the surface at least, appear to "not quite belong".

When we think of hoyas, the picture that most often
comes to our mind is that of the H. carnosa types. ..those
in the Section Hoya. The species of that section are briefly
described as 1) Leaves fleshy 2) Corona furrowed below
(sulcate or channeled) 3) Staminal corona approximating
horizontal 4) Flowers large 5) Corona scales flat above or
slightly cupped 6) Outer end of corona scales acute 7)
calyx small 8) pedicels equal 9) Corona with slight median
ridge 1 0) Caudicles (translators) unwinged 1 1 ) Mesophyll
weekly differentiated or undifferentiated. NOTE:
characters 3-7 added by Dale Kloppenburg. ..characters
9-11 added by Dr. K.D. Hill.

Most of us think we know what a hoya looks like, but
flowers in the Hoya section are just the tip of the iceberg.
The characteristics that place a particular species in the
Hoya genus are of course the reproductive parts,
combined with its general outward appearance. Outward
appearance alone cannot be depended on to identify any
plant with any degree of accuracy. For instance, a few
years ago I saw what I thought was the most beautiful hoya
I had ever seen, and had to have it. It proved to be a
Marsdenia, a member of the Asclepiad family to be sure,
but not a hoya. Had I not been examining under a
microscope all of the flowers that bloomed that year, I
would never have known this. The shape and placement
of the different reproductive organs were very different
from those of hoyas. If the reproductive parts of a flower
are representative of other species in an established
genera, then the new species should be placed in the same
genera.

The drawings shown on the opposite page are a rather
hodge-podge mixture of hoyas with very diverse shapes.
There are many more weird and wonderful hoyas that are
different in appearance than what we are accustomed to
seeing. Are they hoyas?. .of course they are. ..their
reproductive parts tell us so! Is H. heuschkeliana with its
urceolate shaped corolla a hoya?. .Based on what I have
seen. ..and because Dale Kloppenburg and Professor
Juan Pancho says so, I believe it is!

8

Three New Hoya Species
from Myanmar

These new Hoya species were
discovered recently by Dr. P.T. Li
while visiting Harvard University to
prepare treatment of the
Asclepiadaceae for the Flora of China.

Hoya Dickasoniana P. T. Li, sp. nov.
TYPE: Myanmar, Mogok, 1800 m,
April 1934, F. G. Dickason 3032
(holotype, A).

Frutex epiphyticus;ramulis
pubescentibus; folia opposita etiam 3

- vel 4 - verticillata, elliptica vel ovata,
9 ~ 19 mm x 5 ~ 10 mm, basi late
cuneata vel rotundata, apice obtusa,
glabra; petiolo 1 mm longo; umbellae
terminales, 3 - 6 - florae; pedicelli 1 cm
longi, pubescenti; segmentis calycinis
oblongis, 2 ~ 2.5 mm x 1 mm,
pubescentibus; corolla alba, ca. 1.7
cm diam., tubo 4 mm longo, extus
glabro, intus basi pubescenti, lobis
ovato-deltatis, ca. 5 mm x 5 mm;
corona 5 - lobata, carnosa, ovato -
oblonga, ca. 2.5 mm longa,
marginibus revolutus; polliniis
oblongis, ca. 1 mm longis, erectis,
margine pellucido.

Translation: Epiphytic shrubs.
Branches pubescent, internodes
shorter than leaves. Leaves
approximate, overlapping, opposite
and in whorls of 3 or4, elliptic or ovate,
9 ~ 19 mm x 5 ~ 10 mm, fleshy,
glabrous, base broadly cuneate to
rounded, apex obtuse; mid and lateral
veins obscure; petiole 1 mm long.
Umbels terminal, 3 - 6 flowered;
peduncles 5 mm long, pubescent;
pedicels 1 cm long, pubescent. Calyx
with 5 basal glands inside; lobes
oblong, 2 ~ 2.5 mm x 1 mm,
pubescent outside, glabrous inside.
Corolla white, 1 .7 cm in diam., fleshy;
tube 4 mm long, glabrous outside,
pubescent basally inside; lobes ovate

- deltate, ca. 5 mm x 5 mm, glabrous.
Corona scales 5, fleshy, ovate -
oblong, ca. 2.5 mm long, margin
revolute, outer angle obtuse, inner
angle acuminate and as high as the
apical membrane of anthers. Pollinia
oblong, ca. 1 mm long, erect, outer
margin pellucid. Ovaries glabrous;

stigma apex rostrate. Follicles not
seen.

Hoya dickasoniana which is so far
known only from the type collection, is
most closely related to H. imbricata
Callery ex A. DC. It is readily
distinguished by its opposite and
whorled, elliptic or ovate leaves and
pubescent branches, peduncles, and
pedicels.

Hoya kingdonwardii P.T. Li. sp. nov.
TYPE: Myanmar, Triaingle, 1300 m, 14
July 1953, F. Kingdon Ward 21152
(holotype, A).

Frutex epiphyticus, ramis
pubescentibus; folia opposita,
succulenta, elliptica, 1 ~ 1.7 cm x 0.5
- 1 cm, utrinque acuta, glabra; petiolo
1 mm longo; umbellae axillares, 2 ‘ 2.5
cm longae; pedicellis 1 cm longis;
calyce eglanduloso, segmentis
oblongis ca. 3 mm x 1 mm,
pubescentibus; corolla ca. 1.4 cm
diametro, tubo ca. 2 mm longo, intus
basi pubescenti, lobis ovato - deltatis,
ca. 5 mm x 5 mm, glabris; corona
segmentis oblongis, ca. 2 mm longis,
stellato - patentibus, marginibus
revolutis; polliniis oblongis ca. 0.8 mm
longis, margine externo pellucido,
caudiculis brevibus, retinaculo
elliptico.

Translation:Epiphytic shrubs. Stem
terete, branches pubescent. Leaves
opposite, fleshy, elliptic, 1 ~ 1.7 cm x
0.5 ~ 1 cm, glabrous, base and apex
acute; mid and lateral veins obscure;
petiole flattened, 1 mm long. Umbels
axillary, 2 ~ 2.5 cm long, 3 - or 4 -
flowered; peduncles 7 ~ 10 mm long,
pubescent; pedicels ca. 1 cm long,
pubescent. Calyx not glandular inside;
lobes oblong, ca. 3 mm x 1 mm,
pubescent outside. Corolla ca. 1 .4 cm
in diam.; tube ca. 2 mm long,
pubescent basally inside, lobes ovate
- deltate, ca. 5 mm x 5 mm, glabrous;
corona scales 5, fleshy, oblong, ca. 2
mm long, stellate - patent, margin
revolute, outer angle obtuse, inner
angle acuminate and as high as apical
membrane of anthers. Pollinia oblong,
ca. 0.8 mm long, outer margin
pellucid, caudicule short, retinaculum
small. Ovaries ovate, glabrous.
Follicles not seen.

Hoya kingdonwardii differs from the
related H. bella Hooker in having
smaller corolla (1 .4 cm in diam.) with

a tube shorter than lobes and
pubescent basally inside.

Hoya myanmarica P.T. Li, sp. nov.
TYPE: Myanmar, Triaingle, 1 500 m,21 j
July 1953, F. kingdon Ward 21190^
(holotype, A).

Frutex epiphyticus; folia opposita,
succulenta, oblonga, 4.5-16 cm x 1

- 3.3 cm, basi cuneata vel rotundata,
apice acuminata; petiolo 2-3 mm
longo, apice 2 - vel 3 - glandulifero;
umbellae terminales, 6 - 8 cm
longae; pedicellis 2 - 4.5 cm longis;
segmentis calycinis lanceolatis vel
lineari - lanceolatis, 5-7 mm x 1 -
1.5 mm; corolla membranacea, ca. 4
cm diam., tubo 6-7 mm longo, lobis
lanceolatis 2 - 2.3 cm x 0.7 - 0.9 cm,
reflexis; corona segmentis carnosis,
erectis, 6 mm longis, marginibus
revolutis; polliniis solitariis, erectis,
oblongis, ca. 1 mm longis, caudiculis
brevibus, retinaculo elliptico.

Translation: Epiphytic glabrous
shrubs. Stem terete. Leaves opposite,
fleshy, oblong, 4.5 - 16 cm x 1 - 3.3
cm, base cuneate or rounded, apex
acuminate; mid and lateral veins
slightlyelevatedabaxiallyjateralveins
5 or 6 pairs, anastomosing before
margin; petiole 2-3 mm long, apexJ
with 2 or 3 glands. Cymes terminal, 6*

- 8 cm long, 3 - or 4 - flowered;

peduncles 1 .2 - 1 .7 cm long; pedicels
2 - 4.5 cm long. Calyx lobes
lanceolate or linear - lanceolate, 5-7
mm x 1 - 1.5 mm. Corolla

membranous, about 4 cm in diameter;
distinctly veined; tube 6-7 mm long;
lobes lanceolate, 2 - 2.3 cm x 0.7 -
0.9 cm, reflexed; corona scales 5,
fleshy, erect, ca. 6 mm long, margin
revolute, outer angle truncate, inner
angle acute and as high as apical
membrane of anthers. Pollinia oblong,
ca. 1 mm long, base attenuate, margin
pellucid, caudicle short, retinaculum
elliptic. Ovaries oblong lanceolate,
glabrous; stigma apex conical.
Follicles not seen.

Hoya myanmarica is easily
distinguished by its oblong,
acuminate leaves and membranous,
distinctly veined corolla. In habit it is
very similar to H. obtusifolia Wight
from which it differs by being glabrous
and by its petioles 2-3 mm long,
peduncles 1.2 - 1.7 cm long, andj
reflexed corolla. ^

9

Photo sponsored by San Diego Hoya Group

A Hoya Species in the
Eriostemma Section

Happily, growing and blooming in the jungle
gardens of Ted Green in Kaaawa, Hawaii. ..Sept
1994.

Most of the species in the Eriostemma section of
hoyas are total mysteries as far as identification is
concerned, especially since so few of them ever bloom
under our greenhouse conditions. Occasionally, when
all requirements have been met and everything is "just
right" they can put on a show-stopping performance
with a brilliant display of over-sized blooms. The
flowers of this particular species were not unusually
large, only about 11/2 inch in diameter but the corona
was exceptionally large for the size of the flower. The
leaves were thick, a beautiful emerald green, smooth
on top and slightly velvety (peltate) on the underside;
oblong-ovate with an abrupt sharp tip (mucronate) at
the apex. Corolla velvety on the outside and the same
emerald green as the leaves; inside glabrous and a
rather muddy yellowish green. The corona is the same
color.

I have no idea what this species is for sure, but it
sounds very close to the written description of H.
coronaria var. papuana. If you have this plant, please
do not put this name on your label. I didn’t bring any
flowers home to study, so this is pure conjecture on my
part and sure to be attacked from every angle. When
and if we get a positive identification for this, or any
other species, we will announce it in the pages of
Fraterna.

There has been a proposal to remove the species in
the Eriostemma section of Hoya to a separate genus,
but as far as I know this has not been accomplished at
this time.

All of the species in this section seem to prefer a
neutral or very slightly lime based potting mix. If you
are interested in the pH balance analysis, this would be
approximately 6.5 to 7 on the pH scale. They are also
warmth loving plants and with the exception of a
handful. ..need to be kept in a warm, humid
environment with lots of bright light. Water very
sparingly during the winter.

by Ann Wayman

10

Fig. 1. Hoya lanceolata stems. 2. Hoya polyneura stem tip. 3. Hoya
engleriana flowering stem. All life size. Drawings by Ken Harold.

«

<

(

HANGING BASKET HOYAS

By Les Wood

Among some of my favorite plants in the Asclepiadaceae family are the hanging basket plants of the
genus Hoya. While there are more pendant plants than the text describes, I will concentrate on the
following five species which are H. bella, lanceolata, linearis, engleriana and polyneura.

Hoya Culture

Most of the hoya vines take up quite a lot of room but there must be room in most greenhouses for
at least one of the above mentioned plants. All can be grown in hanging pots or baskets. Most hoyas
prefer indirect sun and do grow and flower well in filtered light.

My compost mix consists of approximate measures 30% forest bark, 40% compost, 20% vermiculite,
10% grit/perlite with a little bit of bone meal added to the mix. Whatever growing medium is used, a
porous mix is preferred.

Hoyas prefer a high humidity, never any less than 50%. Temperatures may go to as much as 90 -
95$F provided that a high humidity goes with a high temperature. A minimum winter temperature of
50$F is advisable.

Red spider mite can be a problem but if the humidity is kept up this nuisance is minimized. Any other
pests or diseases are kept at bay by regular applications of a systemic insecticide and fungicide.

The most common of the pendant hoyas are:

H- bella

This species is available in most garden centers at a reasonable price. It is a shrubby plant. Stems do
not appear to hang too low. It is a pretty quick grower and even a small plant can have quite nice
blooms.

H. bella comes from Burma, its leaves are approximately one and a quarter to one and a half inches
long and some half inch wide at the widest point. The leaves are lanceolate.

The flowers are white with a deep red crown and have a nice fragrance in the evenings, the
peduncles drop after flowering.

This plant appears to like wet feet in the growing season and along with other hoyas will show its
displeasure at low humidity. It may be a common hoya but certainly not one to be without.

H. lanceolata

H. lanceolata comes from the Himalayan area and Nepal region. Although it is similar to H. bella it is
quite easy to tell the plants apart. H. lanceolata stems are longer, more pendant and the whole plant is
bushier. The leaves are smaller, more close-set and not quite as succulent as H. bella, it appears to like
wet feet and high humidity. The leaves appear to want to curl at the edges and always looks as though it
wants watering.

The flowers are white, the corona being pinkish in color and quite translucent. The corona lobes are
more pointed than H. bella. The flower’s scent is likened to Lily of the Valley. The peduncles are terminal.

12

<

i

Fig. 4. Hoya bella tip of flowering shoot (xl). 5. Hoya linearis, a, part

of a stem (xl). b. flowering plant (much reduced). 6. Hoya polyneura tip
of flowering stem, from below (x2). Drawings by Ken Harold.

H. linearis

H. linearis comes from the sub tropical Himalayan region.

This one is my favorite, a really beautiful plant. If you can have only one plant of the Hoya family,
then this is the one to choose. Its slender stems can reach five feet or more, mine are approximately 30
inches in length and started life some two and a half years ago as a 6 inch unrooted cutting. It is a
pretty quick grower.

The leaves are 25-50 mm in length and 4-5 mm wide. They are dark green uppermost and a lighter
green underneath. The margins are revolute and the leaves hang very close to the stems except near
the flowers and are covered with fine soft hairs. It is a very graceful plant and appeals instantly to the
onlooker.

H. linearis grows well in filtered light and likes high humidity. The flowers are some half inch across,
white in color with a whitish translucent corona. It has terminal peduncles. The beautiful odor that comes
from the plant in the evening more than compares with the scent from any other plant on God’s earth. A
drier compost is preferred for this hoya.

H. enaleriana

H. engleriana is described as a rare species from Thailand. Its leaf structure is like that of H. linearis,
and its flowers are like those of H. bella. The stems are pubescent and can get quite long. Leaves of H.
engleriana are some 20 mm long and 4 mm wide, pubescent with revolute margins and the leaves are
opposite.

The flowers are very much the same as those of H. bella but has only four flowers to the umbel
whereas H. bella has considerably more. The peduncle again drops off when the flower has gone. H.
engleriana will not tolerate wet compost. Too much water will cause the leaves to drop and in my case
caused the stem to topple over so please give this one some respect.

H. polyneura

Known as the "fishtail hoya" this beautiful plant comes from the Himalayan-Sikkim area where it
grows at an altitude of some four thousand feet. It will withstand quite low temperatures and it is very
easy to grow.

The extremely attractive leaves are about 3 or 4 inches long and one and a half inches wide, darkish
green on top and a lighter green underneath. Outstanding green veins on the leaf of the plant are its
main feature, once seen it makes it very difficult to mistake this plant for anything else.

The flowers are some half inch or more in diameter, white to cream in color with a red to purple
corona. While very attractive it has no noticeable scent. It prefers indirect sun. My plant receives about
two hours of sunshine a day during the summer months. This is a plant that when stood in water
flowered well and when the humidity dropped so did the flower buds.

I hope this little article on pendulous hoyas has wetted your appetite.

Reprinted with permission from Asklepios # 33

I

14

The Association for plant
& flower people who grow
in hobby greenhouses and
windows!

Quarterly Magazine

Growing & Maintenance

Help & Advice

Hobby Greenhouse Association

8 Glen Terrace, Bedford, MA 01730-2048

Dues $15 (Canada and Mexico , $17 US funds/MO)
($18 Overseas, US funds/MO )

Sample magazine $3

Directory of Greenhouse Manufacturers $2.50

J

\

Vicki Graves owner 522 Vista Park Dr.

(503)826-6318 Eagle Point, OR

Catalog $1.00 97524

V s

IMPORTANT

ANNOUNCEMENT

THE OFFICIAL I.H.A. SLIDE PROGRAM IS NOW
AVAILABLE TO ALL MEMBERS!

140 beautiful slides of hoyas (flowers
and foliage shots)! If you would like to
show these 35mm slides to your local
garden or succulent club (or to get a
few members together to see the lovely
presentation), please write to the
person listed below on how to obtain
the slide show.

SLIDE SHOWC/O Gerald Williams
1444E. Taylor St.

Vista, CA 92084

Write for my latest Asclepiad or Orchid Lists.

Always something new from far away places with
strange sounding names

15

We now have twelve
i complete volumes of
pictures ready as
follows

$5.90 per set of ten prints or any two
sets for $10.50 first class postage
paid. Overseas & Canada $15.50
per two sets.

Volume 1

H. australis
H. lacunosa

H. pubicalyx ‘Fresno Beauty’

H. multiflora
H. serpens
H. sp. tanna
H. sp. Bangkok #4
H. obovata (foliage)

H. globulosa (foliage)

H. meredithii (foliage)

Volume 2

H. ‘Mini Belle’

H. latifolia

H. subquentuplinervis
) H. variegata
H. compacta
H. obscura

H. pubicalyx ‘Bright one’

H. bella

H. shepherdii

H. polystachya (foliage)

Volumes

H. cinnamomifolia
H. gracilis

H. pubicalyx (dark red seedling)

H. sp. PNG 4
H. amottiana
H. kenejiana
H. kerrii (Fuzzy leaf)

H. acuta (Green Form)

H. pachyclada
H. obovata

Volume 4

H. fuscomarginata

H. # 454 (unidentified Hoya

species)

H. polystachya
H. acuta (lemon)

^ H. species # Cl- 1244
H. species # F-484
H. species USDA #354246

H. pubicalyx Cv. Red Buttons
H. species (New Guinea Gold)

H. nicholsoniae # IML 37

Volume 5

H. diversifolia
H. nicholsoniae # IML 39
H. cumingiana
H. neo ebudica
H. padangensis
H. camphorifolia
H. inconspicua
H. caudata var. crassifolia
H. Spec. PNG-1
H. erythrina

Volume 6

H. fraterna
H. coronaria Form 1
H. limoniaca
H. bilobata
H. spec. PNG-6
H. tsangi
H. diptera
H. acuta (bronze)

H. fungii
H. diversifolia-B

Volume 7

5 : '• •' r V !■ * *■ • < • n Vi . ' - *

H. carnosa cv. "Krinkle 8"

H. sp. Saba, Malaysia
H. Sp. WMZ
H. polyneura

H. sp. WMZ (Back of flower &
calyx)

H. nummularioides (formerly
called H. pubera)

H. acuta Penang
H. plicata

H. carnosa cv. "Dapple Gray"

H. sanae

Volume 8

H. purpureo fusca
H. odorata
H. pottsii
H. Sp. IML 33
H. picta

H. pseudo littoralis
H. nicholsoniae (from Logee’s)

H. micrantha
H. vitiensis
H. curtisii (foliage)

Volume 9

H. sp. USDA #354236 (calycina)
H. merrilli

H. affinis
H. darwinii

H. pubicalyx ‘Chimera’

H. sp. ‘Gold Star’

H. sp. # BSI-1

H. archboldiana (Red Form)

H. finlaysonii
H. naumanii

Volume 10

H. pubicalyx (Silver Pink)

H. rupicola
H. vitellina

H. sp. IML # 234 (obscura)

H. meliflua
H. engleriana
H. megalaster

H. archboldiana (Pink Form)

H. sp. Bangkok Red
H. sp. cebu

Volume 11

H. mitrata
H. sp. DAV-817
H. dimorpha
H. multiflora

H. sp. Sabah, Malaysia #IML 557
H. erythrostemma
H. sussuella (ariadna)

H. kentiana
H. incrassata
H. chuniana

Volume 12

H. eitapensis

H. curtisii/pruinosa

H.sp. (New Guinea White)

H. poolei
H. pallida

H. sp. Kuching, Borneo # IML 232
H. chlorantha var. tutuilensis
H. diptera (from Fiji)

H. cominsii
H. vitellina

Pictures

International Hoya Association
P.O. Box 51 30
Central Point, OR. 97502

LIBRARY

MAY 1 7 1995

NEW YORK
ROTANICAL GARDEN