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Sab e ee ne a ee ee ek ee ie ne Ea Se me ON ee 3") he ye & oe SS ea 6 ie ve ae . ~~ er ae ae ” A ee a a ee < © $5 8 te pane oT oe Ld te Ot Sem inkl Mare. at an ty Dd - 8 pt ete we” wae a Digitized by the Internet Archive In 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/freshwaterfishesOOscot -- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY RO No. 51 iy wt Onneep To, lTy ss » hy RON, ro Ys: 28 ug ‘ORG ae S } Op TAR IC Sadie THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF NEW BRUNSWICK: “ANAD A CHECKLIST WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES By W. B. Scott and E. J. Crossman 100 Queen’s Park TORONTO, CANADA June 20, 1959 uw °SOUSTF HYOTAMSuNaAGg MON FO STI C UT YF SuTpnTouy soF uosved,, poet p[noys Ef OUTT TCFLO4RU YoOnS --- p{nom ‘fsoystTy,, OFOTOP ET SUTT 2Z€ Obed Vaveaa ee ie 4 ne} ; | | = sf 4 . ary if : ‘ ia J | ee U =, a0 ie , | a Se ee gee oe rs ontt, RSE OO6F 4. , | . ; ied és c | fstteton g9ug --= bivow ,eereit otoieb ¢ a = = & ; ia Paid . Beet, Bigosa Et ents. te Seal 6 Hi. 78, On thelend. ee cannes" . nee tg ni Fit ees ae et . “,aodeit Hoiwaausnd wok CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY No. 51 THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF NEW BRUNSWICK: A CHECKLIST WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES By W. B. Scott and E. J. Crossman 100 Queen’s Park TORONTO, CANADA. June 20, 1959 Tinie ve, Deeeeey Las ia “Ms de. rie “Olse (ue ; io fe) ear et ee oe 9%) Heir SHT oe i TOM LAAT elf Tiw 7 TcSHITHD A: af alt — ' ‘ a woe | ove (o * ae 7 — = /* ‘ue f { | / —. ieee a THE FRESHWATER FISHES OF NEW BRUNSWICK: A CHECKLIST WITH DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES By W. B. Scorr and E. J. CRossMAN INTRODUCTION Nor since the 1896-1900 period, when Dr. Philip Cox published his “Catalogue of the marine and freshwater Fishes of New Brunswick”, and other papers, has there appeared a comprehensive work on the freshwater fish fauna of New Brunswick. During the first half of this century introductions of exotic species, fishery biology and production of game species were, and have continued to be, subjects of most of the papers on freshwater fishes. Atlantic salmon and speckled trout provide excellent sport fishing in New Brunswick and have received considerable attention. The freshwater fish fauna of the whole pro- vince, however, appears to be hardly better known than it was 50 years ago. As a matter of fact, even Dr. Cox, writing in 1896, states on page 62 “.. . the writer, in assigning localities and ranges, quotes from Moses H. Perley.” Perley’s catalogue was published in 1852! The purpose of the present paper, therefore, is to draw together all data currently available in order that the need for an ichthyological survey may be emphasized, and to provide a basis for any such study. During May and June, 1958, the present authors collected exten- sively, particularly in the upper Saint John River system and in the St. Croix River system of New Brunswick. The present paper includes the results, not only of these collections but also the records of New Brunswick freshwater fishes contained in the research collections of the Royal Ontario Museum, and the National Museum of Canada. The material collected by the authors in 1958 is listed by stations in Table 2. Fishes used in this study but collected by other workers and retained in the research collections of the Royal Ontario Museum and the National Museum of Canada are listed in Tables 3 and 4. The exact locations of these stations and collections are shown in Figures 1 and 2. (See Appendix, p. 38, for Tables 24. ) While time has not permitted us to examine material in the research collections of the United States National Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Dr. E. A. Lachner has informed us that worthwhile material is retained in the former and possibly in the latter. That map of New Brunswick, scale 1:500,000, published in 1955 by the New Brunswick Department of Lands and Mines, was used in the preparation of the figures and tables. 3 2 =, CHALEUR BAY j a aus 63 1 # 65) / ek Pe FOE I Ge BOM GT %, © ae E / : a: % y VY as; © / ” ab ye Ty) i ¢ ligne vy BaTHURST E 2 as Yot* v2 47) ‘ad "ee = DRA Bee U 6; £4 ie A. f, (1) a 4 =~ UPSALQUITCH a i) 6) % (3) 2 hie e ae } Le 4e ENG L | ve Fx \ SS (5) pEOMUNDSTOm m | 4 ee i Nip\ 7 Rly. 43) ssusiny, oH e GULF eo. yaaa e. | ‘al 7 of oar \ eh @d ST LANRENCE @ ‘ yw a (11) F Ye * +\ N () R 2! a ic eotnen X nya d ie 2 Gr U2 m A / VR CNIAO Vel A / \ ; G3) £9 A LS ‘ xy ~% : fs ra t (= c er MAINE Oe RE = =, . Ta rf @ \(F “ORL A WD P : e aE asso % — v1) JLYVdVNOS= i : 4 Neo We } \ = WOHYLd 1S rb uBNUNeSNIT f:| 8) So ee eae MOIMSNNYE MAN ALMIOID = FLLOTH VHD N3Hd31S 1S $u3110d Gre ~AINNOD AuMENnS . 5 ¥ — . an +! some jouer $ ¢ereee ** Se oy ey ve - —— —— ———eeme +" . . re es Se ee < ALNNODMYOA ‘ ) SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 7 Cox wrote very highly of Perley’s work and considered him to be responsible for laying the groundwork of the science of ichthyology in that province. A. Leith Adams, on the other hand, was considered by Cox to be a most able observer and a tireless traveller but one gains the impression that he did not greatly admire Adams’ published work. There is, however, no doubt but that Adams’ writings show a grasp of the ichthyological knowledge of the day that was most unusual, particularly in view of his recent arrival (1866) in North America. For example, during a discussion of the lake trout, three kinds of which had been described, he noted (p. 235): “it is, therefore, not unlikely, when their geographical distributions are better worked out, that this seeming partiality to certain waters may, after all, be more apparent than real. Further, it appears that their claims to be con- sidered distinct species rest altogether on certain minor details of structure and colouring in each, which, however, have been further abridged by late researches. It will not, therefore, be surprising to such observers as may have enjoyed opportunities of studying them in their native haunts, should these so-called species turn out to be only varieties of seasonal or sexual conditions of one grey-spotted lake trout, common to the boreal regions of the continent.” In addition, Adams, unlike most workers of that time, presented in his book considerable morphometric data, comparisons with closely related forms and often concluded with statements that are as true today as when they were written. His descriptions and accounts of the salmonid fishes are well worth perusual by serious students of these fishes. Mention must be made here of three papers credited to Charles Lanman,* published in the Report of the United States Fish Com- mission for the year 1872-1873, but published in 1874. These papers represent an extreme case of plagiarism for they are direct word for word copies of sections of Perley’s (1852) account, but without appropriate credit. According to the introduction of the second article, Professor Baird (U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries), was an unwitting dupe in the affair. Philip Cox’s work on New Brunswick freshwater fishes is contained in papers published in 1893, 1896a, 1896b, 1899, 1901, 1905, 1921, 1Chas. Lanman, 1874: The whitefish of eastern Maine and New Brunswick; The Salmonidae of eastern Maine, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; The shad and gaspereau or alewife of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. FicurE 2. Map of Charlotte County, New Brunswick, showing where collections of fishes have been made. ©)—Collection, National Museum of Canada (See Table 4), ( )—Collection, Royal Ontario Museum (See Table 3). [_]—Station, Royal Ontario Museum (See Table 2). 8 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS 1923, 1924. His Catalogue of the Marine and Freshwater fishes of New Brunswick has not really been superseded. Both Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) and Halkett (1913) relied on Cox for data on New Brunswick fishes, although the former were aware of only two of a total of six papers that had been published by Cox up to that time. Dr. Cox's last work on freshwater fishes appears to be his 1924 paper and after this time he seems to have taken a greater interest in marine species. In this early period certainly the three most important names in the development of knowledge of the freshwater fishes were Moses H. Perley, A. Leith Adams and Philip Cox. Since Dr. Cox’s last paper in 1924 interest in the freshwater fisheries has greatly increased, largely as a result of the establishment of a permanent federal fisheries station at St. Andrews. The staff of this station has been largely responsible for the existing wealth of litera- ture on New Brunswick’s freshwater fishes. ANNOTATED LisT OF SPECIES The following list includes the anadromous and catadromous fishes in addition to the strictly freshwater fishes. The freshwater fish fauna recorded to date includes 46 species in 18 families. Five species included in three families are introduced forms. Two species not previously recorded from New Brunswick are included. Localities of known occurrence of each species are shown in two series, (a) Stations, numbering 1 to 30 (see Table 2 and Figures 1 and 2), and (b) Collections, numbering ROM? 1 to 47 and NMC* 1 to 16 (see Tables 3 and 4 and Figures | and 2). Station numbers refer to collections made by the authors in May and June of 1958. These fishes also are in the museum’s collection. Collection numbers designate material irregularly collected in the province by various workers and incorporated into the collections of the Royal Ontario Museum and the National Museum of Canada before May, 1958. The nomenclature and systematic arrangement follows Scott (1958), except common names which, when in italics, indicate New Brunswick usage. 3 A complete list of synonyms for each species is not given. Rather the synonyms listed are the names used by respective authors when they referred to the species being dealt with. When, however, the name in current use was used by an author it was omitted from this list. Prior to preparing the annotated list a provisional list was prepared and circulated. Comments received as a result of this have been in- corporated. 2Royal Ontario Museum. 3National Museum of Canada. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 9 PETROMYZONIDAE-—lampreys 1. Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus—sea lamprey COLLECTIONS: ROM. 26 (Napan River, Northumberland County ). sTATIONS: Not collected. This species is of general distribution in coastal New Brunswick but is not known in the Saint John River above Grand Falls. While obviously common in coastal watersheds, the species is poorly repre- sented in study collections. Cox (1893) observed lamprey attacks on sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus ), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cod (Gadus morrhua) and squirrel hake (Urophycis sp.). He observed many “young” sturgeon which he considered to have been killed by lampreys. It is said to be common in the Miramichi River system (McKenzie, in press ). ACIPENSERIDAE-—sturgeons 2. Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill—Atlantic sturgeon COLLECTIONS: None. sTATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852 )—“Accipenser oxyrhinchus” Cox (1896b )—Acipenser sturio Linnaeus This is a coastal species, which ascends larger New Brunswick rivers. Perley’s (1852, pp. 220-221) account appears to have been the source for subsequent writers such as Adams, Cox, Evermann and Goldsborough and Halkett. Perley noted “This fish ascends the River Saint John in considerable numbers in May, and is then often taken in the Harbour of Saint John, .. . it basks on the Oromocto shoals, about 70 miles from the sea”; “This fish also basks on an extensive sandy shoal to the southward of Grand Point, in the Grand Lake, about 60 miles from the sea.” 3. Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur—shortnose sturgeon COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: Not collected. Although previous reports of this fish in Canada were shown to be erroneous (Scott, 1958), a specimen has recently (29th May, 1957) been captured in the estuary of the Saint John River. This fish, taken by personnel of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, has been identified and retained by Dr. V. D. Vladykov. 10 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS CLUPEIDAE-—herrings 4, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson )*—alewife, gaspereau COLLECTIONS: ROM. 29a ( Miramichi River ). STATIONS: 24 (St. Croix River system ). Perley (1852 )—Alosa tyrannus Cox (1896b )—Clupea vernalis Mitchill Huntsman (1922 )—Pomolobus pseudoharengus ( Wilson ) Although represented by only one collection (29a) and taken at only one station it actually is rather widely distributed coastwise. Perley (1852) reported that it ascended the Saint John River almost to Fredericton. Possibly it is a permanent resident in some New Bruns- wick lakes. The alewife is an anadromous species, coming into freshwater in the spring at which time it affords a commercial fishery in several large river systems. 5. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson )—American shad COLLECTIONS: ROM. 28a, 37, 47. STATIONS: Not collected. Cox (1896b )—Clupea sapidissima Wilson For detailed distribution of the shad in New Brunswick see Leim (1924, p. 168). Perley (1852) makes the following remarks about the distribution of this species—“The shad which ascend the Saint John, resort for spawning to Darling’s Lake, (Kennebecasis, ) Douglas Lake, (Nerepis,) the Washademoac Lake, the Ocnabog Lake, the Grand Lake, and the Oromocto River. They are caught in the Saint John near Fredericton, but not above, the water being too rapid.” The shad ascends and spawns in the Miramichi River going up both the northwest and southwest branches (Leim, p. 12). In the southwest Miramichi they ascend at least as far as Boiestown, about 60 miles from the mouth, also Tabusintac River, north of the Mira- michi River. Spawning also occurs in the Petitcodiac River above Salisbury (Leim, Huntsman, 1922). Leim (p. 9) noted that the shad ascends the Saint John River as far as Grand Falls, in Victoria County, and in the lower reaches of that river it moves into Kennebecasis Bay, Washedemoak Lake, Canaan River and in Grand and French lakes. Leim also noted that the most important shad-producing regions in New Brunswick are the Saint John and Miramichi rivers and Chignecto Bay. 4For A. aestivalis see p. 29. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES ll SALMONIDAE-—salmon 6. Oncorhynchus’ tshawytscha (Walbaum )—chinook COLLECTIONS: None from freshwater. STATIONS: Not collected. Plantings of this species were made in the Saint John River in 1881 and 1882, but these did not result in the establishment of the species. In 1939 a specimen was taken in the Bay of Fundy, eight miles off the mouth of the Saint John River (Huntsman and Dymond, 1940). This specimen, now in the Royal Ontario Museum collections (Cat. No. 12,477), was presumed to have been a survivor of the numerous plant- ings made in the waters of the neighbouring states of Maine and New Hampshire. 7. Salmo salar Linnaeus—Atlantic salmon COLLECTIONS: ROM. 5, 8, 18, 28b, 34a, 34d, 44. STATIONS: Not collected. Gilpin (1866 )—“Salmo gloveri” The Atlantic salmon is the object of special study by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, the publications of which contain numerous references to this species in New Brunswick. The long history of its valuable fisheries and the ensuing abundance of information place summarization beyond the scope of this paper. 8. Salmo trutta Linnaeus—brown trout COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852) lists Salmo trutta as a New Brunswick species, al- though it was not introduced until 1921. He referred to it as the “Salmon Trout, or White Sea Trout.” It is almost certain that Perley’s “Salmo trutta’ was in fact Salvelinus fontinalis. Further, Perley (p. 198) noted that Storer’s description of salmo immaculatus “is accurately that of salmo trutta marina.” The fish that Storer described was also Salvelinus fontinalis. Although no specimens exist in collections, the occurrence of the brown trout in New Brunswick waters is well documented in the literature. 5Huntsman (1922) noted that Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), the pink salmon, was introduced into American waters and reportedly taken in weirs in Passa- moquoddy Bay in 1919 and 1920. Its presence in New Brunswick waters has not been verified. 12 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Catt (1950a) summarized the introduction of the species into the Maritime Provinces, noting that it was first brought into New Bruns- wick in 1921 and planted in the Loch Lomond system, Saint John County. Catt noted that further plantings “were made over the years in Nigger or Shadow Lake, Ping Pong Lake, Ashburne Lake, Blind- man’s Lake and the Loch Lomond and Little River watersheds, Saint John County; and in Rays Lake, King’s County, New Brunswick.” 9. Salmo gairdneri Richardson—rainbow trout COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: Not collected. The first introduction of rainbow trout into New Brunswick waters was described by Catt and Needler (1946). Rainbow trout fingerlings were introduced in 1900 into MacFadden’s Lake, Albert County, and subsequently became established, not in the lake but in Crooked Creek, which drains the lake. Dymond (1955) reported that rainbows “,.. have prevailed not only in Crooked Creek but have spread pre- sumably through salt water to one or two neighbouring streams.” Rodd (1930) noted that “.. . rainbow trout . .. were introduced in Pisquid Lake, P.E.I., and Clear Lake, N.B., in 1925.” Wilson (1958) made no mention of rainbows in Clear Lake but did list the Big Salmon River, Saint John County, where the species “. . . was estab- lished from introductions made in Dicks Lake and Crow Brook in 1944.” Wilson (ibid.) noted that 12 specimens “were put through the Beechwood fishway in the Saint John River,” in 1958. 10. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill )—brook trout COLLECTIONS: ROM. 1, 12, 38, 39, 43. sraTions: 1,2, 3,-5, 7,.8, 9) 11,14, 17, dS) 22123. 25 ae Perley (1850)—Salmo fontinalis; Salmo trutta Storer (1850)—Salmo immaculatus This salmonid is possibly the most widely distributed freshwater species in New Brunswick. As in the case of the Atlantic salmon, the brook trout has been the object of many special studies and is of such wide distribution in the province that no detailed survey of the literature has been attempted. 11. Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus )—arctic char COLLECTIONS: ROM. 13, 39, 46. stations: Not collected. The arctic char was first taken in New Brunswick waters in Walton Lake, King’s County, Kingston Parish, in August, 1949, by James Catt and D. Alderdice (Catt, 1950b). In June of the following year Dr. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 13 G. F. M. Smith caught specimens in Upsalquitch Lake, Northumber- land County, Northesk Parish. The arctic char has thus far been found only in two lakes in New Brunswick but collecting in the northern part of the province may reveal the presence of this species in other deep lakes. Vladykov (1954) made a comparative study of eastern North American chars, including Walton Lake specimens. He considered these to be typical arctic char, quite distinct from Salvelinus aureolus Bean and Salvelinus oquassa (Girard) which occur in the neighbouring state of Maine. 12. Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum )—lake trout, togue COLLECTIONS: ROM. 34a (Chamcook Lake ). STATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852 )—Salmo ferox Adams (1873 )—Salmo confinis DeKay Cox (1893 )—Salmo namaycush Walbaum Perley (1852) referred to this species as Salmo ferox as a result of the work of Yarrell (1836). Perley stated—“On a careful examination and dissection of this fish, it was found to correspond exactly with the fish described by Mr. Yarrell as salmo ferox, the great grey trout of Loch Awe.” The account of Salmo ferox Jardine and Selby given by Day (1880-1884) indicates that this is a synonym for Salmo trutta. There is no doubt that the fish with which Perley was concerned was actually a lake trout. He stated, for example, that it was found “... in all the large lakes of New Brunswick” and “. . . it is called by the lumberers the ‘togue.’” Perley also listed Salmo ferox from many lakes that are known to contain Salvelinus namaycush. According to the literature it has been reported to occur in the following waters: Perley (1852)—St. Francis Lakes, which includes Glasier Lake; Matapediac, Cheputnecticook and St. Croix Grand lakes. Perley also listed Loch Lomond and Miramichi Lake but Cox (1899, 1896b) cast considerable doubt on the occurrence of this species in these waters. Cox (1893)—Lakes of the Saint John, Restigouche and Tobique river systems, Chamcook Lakes, Long (Lepreaux River) and States lakes. In the same paper Cox commented on the absence of this trout from the Miramichi and Nepisiguit river systems. In summary, the lake trout occurs in the headwaters of the Saint John, St. Croix and Restigouche rivers, and in some isolated lakes in southwestern New Brunswick but not in the Miramichi River system. Whether or not the lake trout is indigenous to Chamcook Lake is questionable (Smith, 1952b, p. 416). 14 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS COREGONIDAE —whitefishes 13. Prosopium cylindraceum (Pallas )—round whitefish, whitefish COLLECTIONS: ROM. 45 ( Restigouche River, Restigouche County, Grimmer Parish). STATIONS: 5 (Baker Brook, Madawaska County, Baker Brook Parish). Cox (1896a )—Coregonus quadrilaterale Richardson Cox (1896a ) reported the first record for this species in the province. He and W. M. McLean collected it in July, 1893. The available evidence even today indicates that the round white- fish is restricted to the watersheds of the Saint John and Restigouche rivers in Madawaska County, western Restigouche County and northern Victoria County. This extends the range only to the Restigouche since Dr. Cox (1896b) gave the distribution of this species as “Madawaska and upper St. John.” In Madawaska County and vicinity this fish, rather than Core- gonus clupeaformis, is known as the whitefish. It is also sometimes called “pointu blanc.” 14. Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill—lake whitefish, gizzard fish COLLECTIONS: ROM. 3, 9, 42.° STATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852 )—Coregonus albus Adams (1873 )—Coregonus sapidissimus Cox (1893 )—Coregonus clupeiformis Cox (1896a )—Coregonus labradoricus Richardson The lake whitefish has been said to occur in the following waters: Madawaska River, St. Francis Lakes, Grand Lake (St. Croix system), lower Saint John River, in the harbour of Saint John, Darling’s Lake near Hampton Ferry (Perley, 1852); Tobique Lakes (Adams, 1873) and upper Restigouche River (Cox, 1896b). Cox (1893) commented on the absence of this species from the Miramichi and Nepisiquit river systems. A report of this species in Glasier Lake was ascribed to Kendall (1903) by Evermann and Goldsborough (1907). In an examination of Kendall (1903) no mention of Glasier Lake could be found. In recording this species from Kerr Lake, Charlotte County, Smith (1952a ) also provides the only published biological data for lake white- fish in this province. 6Following completion of this paper another specimen was provided by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, St. Andrews, having been caught in a Dutch herring trawl in Long Reach, lower Saint John River (Lat. 45° 27’N., Long. 66° 09’W.) in 60 to 90 feet of water. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 15 OSMERIDAE-—smelts 15. Osmerus mordax ( Mitchill )—American smelt COLLECTIONS: ROM. 25, 30, 34a; NMC. 2, 11. STATIONS: Not collected. Adams (1873), when writing about the smelt, noted: “I carefully compared many specimens from land-locked lakes, open rivers, and the sea, but could not discover any distinctions, all agreeing with the O. viridescens of Lesueur, and O. operlanus of Artedi .. .” In the same account Adams implied that the smelt in Utopia Lake were landlocked. The smelt, an anadromous species which aggregates in all the major rivers and their estuaries in winter, ascends freshwater streams to spawn in the spring. It is these aggregations that are fished commer- cially. The smelt is supposedly landlocked in many lakes. Huntsman (1922) recorded landlocked smelt in two lakes, Chamcook and Utopia. ESOCIDAE-—pikes 16. Esox niger LeSueur—chain pickerel COLLECTIONS: ROM. 10, 13. STATIONS: 18 (c), 18(g), 24. Adams (1873 )—Esox reticulatus Kendall (1895 )—Lucius reticulatus This is an introduced species in New Brunswick waters but the exact time and place of introduction has never been fully documented. Perley (1850) noted that “. .. no Pike or Pickerel have yet been found in any of the Rivers of New Brunswick. .. .” Perley (1852), although listing the family Esocidae as one of the members of his order of “soft- finned fishes,” does not include E. niger in his list of New Brunswick forms. However, Adams (1873) implied that about 1863 this species was introduced into Maine, in the Grand Lake portion of the St. Croix River system. Kendall (1895), reporting on a collection of this species from the New Brunswick side of the St. Croix River immediately up- river from St. Stephen, apparently provided the first published record of this species for New Brunswick. This record was erroneously re- ported by Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) as “. . . small stream near Baring, New Brunswick. .. .” The town of Baring is actually in Maine. Also, Cox (1896a) erroneously attributed the first record of the occurrence of this species to Adams (1873). Cox misinterpreted Adams’ concept of the faunal connections of Maine and New Brunswick to mean that any species found in Maine could be included for New Brunswick. Adams’ list of fishes is not entitled Fishes of New Bruns- wick, but more likely refers to the area of Maine and New Brunswick, 16 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS since he also includes such species as Salmo oquassa, known to occur only in Maine. Although reported by Cox (1896b) as “Quite common on Lower St. John and its affluents” evidence of its origin in the Saint John River was not given until 1899 when Cox wrote “. . . twenty odd years ago, the Eastern Pickerel, Esox reticulatus, LeS., . . . made its appearance in the St. John, but inquiry revealed the fact that a few years before it had been artificially introduced into the Meduxnakik, a branch of the St. John.” The present range of this species is apparently restricted to the lower Saint John River system and the entire St. Croix River system. Catt (1949 ) noted that chain pickerel were abundant in Darling’s Lake and the delta of the Hammond River. CATOSTOMIDAE-suckers 17. Catostomus commersoni (Lacépéde )—white sucker COLLECTIONS: ROM. 1, 18, 27, 28b, 34c, 37, 40; NMC. 5, 12b, 18. sTATIONS: 1, 4,5,6(a),6(b), 8, 10, 12(a), 12(b), 18(a), 18(b), 14, 16, 18(a), 18(c), 18(e), 18(2), 19(a), 19(b), 19(c), 20; 21, 24, 27, 28.29, Sl. Perley (1852 )—Catostomus communis Gill (1865 )—Catostomus Bostoniensis LeSueur This species was included by Perley (1852) in the family Cyprinidae. The available data would suggest that the white sucker is of general distribution in the province. Indeed the situation has probably not changed since Perley (1852) wrote—“This fish abounds in all the rivers and streams of New Brunswick.” Some rate of growth data for Charlotte County lakes was given by Smith (1952b). 18. Catostomus catostomus ( Forster )—longnose sucker COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: 5, 6(a), 10, 12(b). Adams (1873) reported the longnose sucker as Catostomus longiros- tris, but did not include it in his list of New Brunswick fishes. Recent collections and literature records (Cox, 1896a; 1896b—“Mada- waska and Upper St. John” ) would suggest that the species is restricted to the upper Saint John River system. Although Cox (1899) implied that it did not occur in the Restigouche River system, more extensive collecting in cool or deep bodies of water, particularly in the north, should extend the known distribution to other watersheds. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 17 The record of this species by Adams (1873) from “. . . the Sciff Lake stream of the eastern Schoodic chain of lakes. . . ,” although interpreted by Cox (1896a) as being in the St. Croix River system in York County, is open to question. The Sciff Lake mentioned may well have been in Maine. Therefore, the omission from the New Brunswick list by Adams (1873) may have been intentional rather than an oversight as sug- gested by Cox (1896a). Adams (1873) and Cox (1896a) came in contact with specimens of a length of about 6 inches only. Cox inferred from this that in New Brunswick this species was not as large as in other parts of its range. However, specimens collected from Baker Brook (Station 5) were 11 to 15 inches in length, and are thus comparable to fish in other parts of the range. CYPRINIDAE—minnows The only paper concerned solely with this group of fishes in New Brunswick waters was that written by Cox (1901), entitled “Cypri- nidae of eastern Canada.” This paper, an outgrowth of his 1899 publi- cation, deals extensively with the taxonomy and distribution of eight species. 19. Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill)—golden shiner COLLECTIONS: ROM. 37 ( Petitcodiac River ); NMC. 15 (Baie-Verte Road). sTATIONS: 18(e), 18(g), 19(a), 20, 31. Perley (1852 )—Leuciscus chrysoleucas Evermann and Goldsborough (1907)—Abramis crysoleucas (Mitchill ) Adams (1873) listed a species, Leucosomus Americanus Storer, which probably should have been Leuciscus Americanus Storer, a synonym for the golden shiner. The New Brunswick distribution of this species would appear to have resulted by invasion of major river systems from coastal areas. It is known to occur in the following river systems: St. Croix (Stations 18(e), 18(g), 19(a), 20), Digdeguash (Station 31), lower Saint John (Perley, 1852), Petitcodiac (Collection 37, White 1957) and Miramichi (Cox, 1893, 1896b). Its occurrence in the Restigouche River is sug- gested by Cox’s (1899) record of it in the Matepedia River, a tributary of the lower Restigouche River. The species has also been reported to occur in Gibson Lake and Kerr Lake, Charlotte County (Smith, 1952b). 18 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS 20. Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill)—creek chub COLLECTIONS: ROM. 37, 41a; NMC. 6 ( Brook at Fredericton ). STATIONS: 1, 6(a), 6(b), 12(a), 18(a), 15, 16, 18(d), 19(a), 19(b), 19(c), 20, 22, 25(b); 28, 29, 30, Si, 32. Perley (1852 )—Leuciscus cephalus Cox (1893 )—Semotilus corporalis The nomenclature used by early writers for this and the following species was confused to the extreme owing to the similarity of the two species. The creek chub is a wide-ranging species in New Brunswick, occur- ring in all major river systems north to and including the Miramichi (Smith, 1952b; White, 1957). Cox (1899) included the Cascapedia River system of Gaspé in the range and from this we may assume that the species occurs northward in New Brunswick to the Restigouche River system. Although there appear to be no postive records, Johan- sen (MS) reported the species from Papineau River, a tributary of the Nepisiguit. 21. Semotilus corporalis ( Mitchill )—fallfish COLLECTIONS: ROM. 1, 16, 17, 19, 21, 28b, 31. STATIONS: 2,6(a.), 12:(b,), 16; 19(c),.20,215 26, 29531. Perley (1852 )—Leuciscus pulchellus; Leuciscus argenteus Adams (1873 )—Leuciscus nitidus DeKay Cox (1893 )—“Semotilus bullaris Raf.” In 1893 Cox erroneously reduced Leuciscus argenteus of Perley to the synonymy of Semotilus atromaculatus instead of to that of this species but corrected this error in 1896 (Cox, 1896a ). Although of common occurrence in some parts of the province as far north as the Miramichi system, it is not as widely distributed as S. atromaculatus. There are no records of its occurrence in the Petit- codiac, Nepisiguit or Restigouche river systems. 22. Margariscus margarita (Cope )—pearl dace COLLECTIONS: None. | STATIONS: 4, 6(a), 6(b), 11, 18(a), 32. Cox (1896a )—Couesius plumbeus Agassiz Cox (1921 )—Leuciscus rubrilateralis Cox The first report of this species in New Brunswick was given by Cox (1896a ), but he erroneously used the name Couesius plumbeus Agassiz. Later, the same author (1921) described as a new species a separate SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 19 population of this form under the name Leuciscus rubrilateralis Cox. (For a more complete account of the nomenclature see Hubbs, 1926. ) The current distribution of the pearl dace in New Brunswick is virtually unknown. Recent work showed it to be present in the upper Saint John and Digdeguash rivers and it has also been reported from the Miramichi River system (White, 1958, pers. comm. ). As a result of the confused nomenclature, a survey of the early literature adds nothing to our knowledge of its distribution. 23. Chrosomus eos Cope—northern redbelly dace COLLECTIONS: ROM. 18, 37; NMC. 9, 15. STATIONS: 11, 12(a), 18(a), 14, 15, 16, 17, 19(a), 19(b), 20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. Cox (1896a )—Chrosomus erythrogaster Agassiz Cox (1896a ) first reported the presence of this species in New Bruns- wick. The specimens were taken in “Clear Lake, Lepreaux.” Specimens in the collection of the National Museum of Canada (Cat. No. NMC. 58-32, Clear Lake, Lepreau, Charlotte Co., Aug. 1895. Collector P. Cox) were examined. This collection is probably the one referred to by Cox (1896a, 1896b, 1899, 1901) who, however, located Clear Lake in Saint John County. The northern redbelly dace has a somewhat spotty distribution in New Brunswick. It occurs in the Saint John River system as far north as Grand Falls, but not above; in the Meduxnekeag, Digdeguash, Mag- aguadavic and Petitcodiac rivers. It has been reported from the Mira- michi River by McKenzie (in press). A single specimen was taken at Station 20, the only record for the St. Croix River system. 24. Pfrille neogaea (Cope )—finescale dace COLLECTIONS: ROM. 6 (Stephenson's Pond near Saint John). STATIONS: 6(a), 14, 15, 27, 28, 30. Cox (1893 )—Phoxinus neogaeus Cope Evermann and Goldsborough (1907)—Leuciscus neogaeus (Cope ) This dace was first published as a part of the New Brunswick fauna by Cox (1893), although Cox (1896a) claimed to have reported it in 1888. No such report apparently exists. This species has a limited and scattered distribution in the province. It has been reported to occur in the lower Saint John River system near Maugerville, Sunbury County; Dark, Waterworks and McDonald lakes, near Saint John; Garnett’s Lake, near Loch Lomond and near Anagance, King’s County (Cox, 1896a, 1899). It was collected in 1958 in the 20 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Saint John River in Madawaska and York counties, and in the Maga- guadavic River. White (1958, pers. comm.) reports its occurrence in the Northwest Miramichi River. 25. Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz )—lake chub COLLECTIONS: ROM. 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28b, 34b, 34c, 37, 40; NMC. 12a, 14. STATIONS: 4, 6(a),6(b), 10, 12(b), 138(a), 19(a), 81. The names used to describe this species and Margariscus were much confused by Dr. Cox and other writers of the period. Cox (1896a) used the name Couesius prosthemius Cope and later (1899) Ceratichthys Plumbeus Gunther, when referring to the lake chub. When Dr. Cox used the name Couesius plumbeus in his papers (1896a, 1896b, 1899, 1901, 1921) he was actually referring to Margariscus margarita, the pearl dace. The lake chub is one of the most wide-ranging minnows in the province, but is perhaps more abundant in the northern parts of its range, although White (1943) noted that it was one of the most abundant and widespread species in the Petitcodiac system. The pre- sent distribution includes the Saint John River system from Madawaska County southward to the Meduxnekeag River, the upper St. Croix River system, miscellaneous watersheds in southern Charlotte County, Digdeguash, Petitcodiac and Miramichi rivers. As in the case of M. margarita, the nomenclature of this species is so confused that a survey of the early literature adds little to our know- ledge of its distribution; for example, Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) relied on the work of Cox for their distribution of Couesius plumbeus. However, they combined in this distribution localities given by Cox for both Margariscus margarita and Couesius plumbeus. 26. Rhinichthys atratulus Hermann—blacknose dace COLLECTIONS: ROM. 1, 18, 27, 41b; NMC. 4b, 6. STATIONS: 1, 2,5, 6(a),6(b), 7, 12(b), 18(a), 14, 15, 16, 17, 19(a), 19(b), 1906) 720, 22,237 25(D 26, 25.29.31 3) Perley (1852 )—Leuciscus atronasus Cox (1896b )—“Rhinichthys atronasus ( Mitch.) Agassiz” The blacknose dace appears to be the most wide ranging and most abundant of all freshwater fishes in New Brunswick, since it has been recorded from every major watershed. Records of occurrence for water- sheds other than those covered by Collections and Stations (above) are as follows: Petitcodiac (White, 1943), Nepisiguit and Restigouche rivers( White, 1957). SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 21 27. Notropis cornutus (Mitchill)—common shiner COLLECTIONS: ROM. 1, 18, 20, 28b, 32, 84c; NMC. 5 (Saint John River, Sunbury County ). STATIONS: 1, 2, 4, 6(a), 6(b), 12(b), 18(a), 14, 16, 17, 18(e), 19(a), 19(b), 22, 28, 29, 31. Perley (1852 )—Leuciscus cornutus Adams (1873)—Leuciscus cornutus DeKay; Leuciscus vitta- tus DeKay Cox (1893 )—Minnulus cornutus Mitchill The common shiner is widely distributed in New Brunswick waters, including the Saint John, St. Croix, Digdeguash, Magaguadavic, Napan and Miramichi river systems. Although records of occurrence are lacking for some watersheds, such as the Petitcodiac and Restigouche, intensive collecting should reveal its presence. 28. Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann and Eigenmann—blacknose shiner COLLECTIONS: ROM. 85, 37; NMC. 3 (Harvey Station, York County ). STATIONS: 13(a), 16, 19(a), 19(b), 20, 31. The blacknose shiner would appear to be of limited distribution in the province. Except for the Petitcodiac River record (Collection 37), it has been reported only from the waters of southwestern New Bruns- wick. 29. Pimephales promelas Rafinesque—fathead minnow COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: 6(a) (creek near Edmundston ). This is the first record for this species in New Brunswick waters. It was taken in the flood plain of a small creek between the Saint John River and Highway No. 2, 8 miles south of Edmundston, Madawaska County, St. Basil Parish. Two specimens only were taken (Cat. No. 19,705). Since the species was collected on this occasion only and was not previously recorded from the province, we must assume that it is rare. ICT ALURIDAE~—bullheads 30. Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSueur )—brown bullhead, horned pout COLLECTIONS: ROM. 24, 31. STATIONS: 18(a), 18(b ), 18(c). Perley (1852 )—Pimelodus catus Gill Cox (1896b )—Amiurus catus Gill Evermann and Goldsborough (1907 )—“Ameuirus nebulosus (LeSueur )”; Ameiurus lacustris (Walbaum ) 22 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS In an account of the brown bullhead, Perley (1852) noted “. . . found in all those ponds and streams where the yellow and white perch are taken . . .” Existing collections and literature references are available for only North Lake (St. Croix), Potter’s Lake (Smith, 1941), and the Miramichi River. Mr. R. A. McKenzie has secured specimens from brackish water in the lower Miramichi River (pers. comm. ). ANGUILLIDAE—freshwater eels 31. Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur )—American eel COLLECTIONS: ROM. 34c, 36; NMC. 4a (Glenwood Wharf, King’s County ). STATIONS: 16, 18 (f)", 28, 33. Perley (1852 )—Anguilla vulgaris Adams (1873)—“Anguilla Bostoniensis. Les.”; “Anguilla tenuirostris. DeKay” Evermann and Goldsborough (1907)—Anguilla chrysypa Rafinesque The American eel is a catadromous species which probably enters all New Brunswick freshwaters which have a free access to the sea. That it does not occur in the Saint John River above Grand Falls has been known at least since Cox’s (1896b) publication. An excellent account of the eel, including the standing crop in lakes in comparison with other species, movements, age, growth and observa- tions of general biological interest has been given by Smith and Saunders (1955). CYPRINODONTIDAE-~killifishes 32. Fundulus diaphanus (LeSueur )—banded killifish, minnow COLLECTIONS: ROM. 18, 24, 36, 37, 40; NMC. 1, 7, 16. STATIONS: 13(a@), 16, 17, 31. The first New Brunswick specimens reported by Cox (1896a) were taken in French Lake, Sunbury County, Sheffield Parish. Available data suggests that the banded killifish occurs in freshwaters south of a line drawn from the Miramichi River to the Meduxnekeag River on the Maine-New Brunswick border. Smith (1952b) noted that it was very common in Charlotte County lakes. 7Sight record only. One specimen caught by hook and line but escaped. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 23 33. Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus )—mummichog COLLECTIONS: ROM. 24, 33. STATIONS: 33 (St. Andrews ). Perley (1852 )—Fundulus fasciatus Adams (1873 )—“Fundulus pisculentus Val.” Cox (1896a)—Fundulus nigrofasciatus LeSueur; Fundulus heteroclitus The mummichog is a marine species which is frequently found in the lower reaches of streams. Although not well represented in our collections, the species is generally distributed in the coastal waters of New Brunswick. GADIDAE—cods 34. Lota lota (Linnaeus )—burbot, cusk COLLECTIONS: ROM. 7, 14. STATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852 )—Lota maculosa Adams (1873 )—Lota maculosa DeKay Cox (1893 )—Lota maculosa LeSueur Although Perley (1852) noted that “Some hundreds are taken annually in the River Saint John, by night-lines . . .” there is a singular lack of interest in this species at the present time. While the dis- tribution of this species probably closely parallels that of the lake trout or togue, because of this lack of interest few records exist and little is known of the extent of the range of the burbot in the province. Burbot or cusk are known to occur in the following waters: Glasier, Baker and First Green lakes, Madawaska County (pers. comm. Dept. Fish. offr.); Saint John River (Collection 7); St. Croix River (Col- lection 15) and “Restigouche waters and Lake Utopia” (Cox, 1896b). Cox (1893) has contrasted the absence of this species in the Mira- michi and Nepisiguit river systems with the occurrence in the Saint John and Restigouche river systems. 35. Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum )—Atlantic tomcod COLLECTIONS: ROM. 24 (Miramichi River). STATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852 )—Morrhua pruinosa Adams (1873 )—Gadus pruinosus Mitchill Cox (1893)—Gadus tomcod Walbaum Although a marine species, the tomcod, or frostfish, frequently enters freshwater, ascending rivers to a point many miles from the sea. 24 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Adams (1873) noted that he had “. . . occasionally seen individuals captured through the ice at a distance of ninety miles from the sea.” Various authors have noted that the tomcod is common in the coastal waters of the region (Vladykov and McKenzie, 1935; Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953), although published records appear to be limited to “St. John Harbour and the St. Andrews region” (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953), and lower Kennebecasis (Squires, 1950). The occurrence of this species in freshwater, however, is not well documented, perhaps largely because when caught in river systems it is considered a not uncommon fish and, therefore, not reported. How- ever, Carter (1958, pers. comm.) has noted that it occurs in the follow- ing rivers: Petitcodiac, Memramcook, Tantramar, Aulac, Missaquash, Scoudouc, Shemogue and Gaspereau. SERRANIDAE —basses 36. Roccus americanus (Gmelin )—white perch COLLETIONS: ROM. 36 (Wheaton Lake, Charlotte County ); NMC. 4a (Glenwood Wharf, King’s County). STATIONS: 18(a), 18(b), 18(c), 18(g) (North Lake, York County ). Perley (1852)—“perca labrax nucronatus of Cuvier”; “small American basse” or “white perch” (p. 22). Labrax pallidus; “The little white Basse,” “. . . white perch.” (p. 182) Adams (1873 )—Morone Americana Gill The distribution of the white perch in New Brunswick, if well know, is not well documented. Except for records from the Miramichi River (McKenzie, in press) it seems to be restricted to the St. Croix River system, the Saint John River system from Fredericton southward and the intervening watersheds. Outside of this area, Johansen (MS) recorded it from Richibucto, Kent County. Although generally considered to be a euryhaline species, Huntsman (1922) noted—“In the Bay of Fundy region this species seems to be entirely land-locked, occurring only in freshwater.” 37. Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum )—striped bass COLLECTIONS: 29b ( Miramichi River ). sTATIONS: Not collected. Perley (1852)—“perca labrax” (p. 22); “Labrax Lineatus” (p. 181) Adams (1873 )—“Roccus Lineatus Gill” Cox (1896b )—“Roccus lineatus (Bloch) Gill” Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) erroneously attributed to this species the distribution given by Cox (1896b) for Roccus americanus. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 25 The distribution of the striped bass in New Brunswick is well known because it is highly regarded as a game species. Although basically a euryhaline fish, in New Brunswick its range appears to be primarily restricted to freshwater. Striped bass have been reported from the following localities: Perley (1852 )—Richibucto, Miramichi, Tabusintac, Tracadie and Pokemouche rivers. Wilson (1958)—Saint John River watershed: Aroostook River, Beechwood Dam (below), Fredericton area, Grand Lake, Long Reach (Oak Point area), Nerepis River, Hammond River, Kennebecasis River, Grand Bay and Reversing Falls. No reports of occurrence in the Nepisiguit or Restigouche rivers could be located. According to Huntsman (1922) Atkins (1887, p. 700) noted that striped bass were formerly abundant in the St. Croix River. A search of the article in question failed to verify this comment. On the contrary, Atkins (ibid., p. 695) wrote “... and at no time has this species been marketed in any considerable numbers from the Penobscot or any river farther east.” The St. Croix River is east of the Penobscot. CENT RARCHIDAE-—sunfishes 38. Micropterus dolomieui Lacépéde—smallmouth bass COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: Not collected. The smallmouth bass gained access to the St. Croix River system of New Brunswick as a result of plantings in Maine which commenced about 1870 (Smith, 1942). The history of the introduction of this species into the various waters of the province has been given by Smith (1942) and Catt (1949). This bass has been reported to occur in the following localities: Smith (1942 )—St. Croix River system: Potter's Lake. Catt (1949 )—Saint John River system: Kennebecasis River, King’s County; Spruce, Ashburn, Sunset, Shaw and Clark’s lakes, Saint John County. Bocabec River system: Wheaton Lake, Charlotte County. Magaguadavic River system: Magaguadavic Lake, York County; Magaguadavic River, York and Charlotte counties; Utopia Lake, Charlotte County. Miscellaneous Bay of Fundy drainages: Lockhart Lake, Albert County; Big Meadow Pond, Deer Island; Miller's Pond, Grand Manan. Wilson (1958 )—Saint John River system: Hammond River, King’s County. Bocabec River system: Wheaton Lake, Charlotte County. 26 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Pers. comm.—St. Croix River system: Mud Lake, Chiputneticook Lakes, York County. 39. Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus )—yellowbelly sunfish COLLECTIONS: ROM. 2, 4. STATIONS: Not collected. Cox (1924)—“Eupomotis auritus Lunn.”* Cox (1896a and 1896b) reported “Lepomis auritus (Linn.) Raf.” based on a listing by Adams (1873) of “Pomotis appendix Mitch.” But Pomotis appendix is a synonym for the pumpkinseed, the common name applied to this fish by Adams. Cox, however, erroneously applied to this same species (Pomotis appendix ) the common name “long-eared sun-fish” and, assuming that Adams meant Lepomis auritus, included New Brunswick in its range since it occurred in Maine. There is no reason to believe that Cox ever saw Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus); indeed, this is substantiated by a statement made by Cox and published by Halkett (1913). However, in 1924 Cox reported “Eupomotis auritus” and “Apomotis cyanellus” (see p. 73) from Yoho Lake, Oromocto drainage, York County. Specimens were said to be deposited in the collection of the New Brunswick Museum but efforts to locate these have been unsuccessful. The first valid record of the yellowbelly sunfish in New Brunswick resulted from its capture in the Canaan River, nine miles north of Havelock, Queen’s County, September 3rd, 1948, by H. C. White (Cat. No. 18,883). The species was caught again by White in the Kennebecasis River, King’s County, on August 22nd, 1949. These are the only records of its occurrence in the province, although White (1958, pers. comm.) noted that abundant resident populations exist. 40. Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus )—pumpkinseed COLLECTIONS: ROM. 19 (Bonaparte Lake, Charlotte County ); NMC. 4a (Glenwood Wharf, King’s County ). sTATIONS: 18(b), 18(f), 18(g) (North Lake, York County). Perley (1852 )—Pomotis vulgaris Evermann and Goldsborough (1907 )—Eupomotis gibbosus The pumpkinseed is restricted to southwestern New Brunswick, according to the following records: St. Croix River drainage—( Station 18, Kendall (1895) ). Digdeguash River drainage—Bonaparte Lake, Charlotte County (Collection 19). Reid (1930)—Charlotte County: Utopia Lake, Chamcook Lakes (see also Kurata, 1927). York County, McAdam Parish: Snowshoe Lake. 8Linn. undoubtedly intended. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 27 Smith (1952b)—Charlotte County: Welch, Johnson, Kerr, Lime- burner, St. Patrick and Gibson lakes. Smith and Saunders (1955 )—Charlotte County: Potter’s and Cook lakes. The only comprehensive study on the biology of this species in New Brunswick is that of Reid (1930). PERCIDAE—perches 41. Perca flavescens (Mitchill)—yellow perch COLLECTIONS: ROM. 19 (Bonaparte Lake, Charlotte County); NMC. 4a, 10. STATIONS: 4, 6(a), 18(c), 18(e), 18(f), 18 (g), 24 Perley (1852, p. 82)—perca fluviatilis Cox (1896b )—Perca americanus Schranck The yellow perch, as noted by such early writers as Perley and Cox, has a widespread range in the province but, unfortunately, the number of river systems for which there are positive records is small. Literature records for various river systems are listed below: Saint John River system: Glasier Lake (Evermann and Golds- borough, 1907), Stephenson’s Pond (Smith, 1935-1937 ). St. Croix River system: Lower St. Croix and associated waters (Kendall, 1895; Smith, 1941, 1952b; Smith and Saunders, 1955). Miramichi River system: (McKenzie, in press; White, 1957). COTTIDAE-—sculpins 42. Cottus cognatus Richardson—slimy sculpin COLLECTIONS: ROM. 7, 11, 17, 28. STATIONS: 2, 9. Cox (1896a)—“Uranidea boleoides Girard”; “Uranidea for- mosa Girard’”®;“U. gracilis (Heckel) Putnam” Cox (1896a) remarked that he first reported this species for New Brunswick in 1894. The locality for this report was Green River, Madawaska County. He also noted that he had collected it in the Restigouche River and in the lower Miramichi. White (1943) noted that in the Petitcodiac River system it occurred “,.. only in three of the colder spring streams. . .” It is obvious that the distribution records are few. There are records from the four corners of the province but with very few intervening ones. Although early reports suggest that it was not rare (Cox 1896a), present day evidence is in contrast to this. 9Hubbs (1920, p. 2) stated this record by Cox “. . . was probably based on a specimen of Cottus gracilis.” 28 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS GAST EROST EIDAE-sticklebacks 43. Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus )—ninespine stickleback COLLECTIONS: ROM. 18, 29a, 34b, 37. STATIONS: 1, 2,6(a),6(b),7, 13(a), 14, 16, 19(a), 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, o2 Adams (1873)—“Gasterosteus occidentalis. Brevort’; “Pygo- steus DeKayjii. Brevort” Although distribution records for the ninespine stickleback are con- centrated in western New Brunswick, it is probably more widely distributed. Our knowledge of its distribution is based on the following literature references (in addition to the collections and stations noted above ): Lakes in extreme southwestern New Brunswick: Crecy and Gibson lakes (Smith, 1952b); Chamcook Lake (Kurata, 1927); Cook's Lake (Smith and Saunders, 1955). Saint John watershed: Stephenson’s Pond (Smith, 1935-1937). Miramichi watershed: Miramichi River (McKenzie, in press); Sevogle River (White, 1957); Bill's Lake (Smith and Saunders, 1955). 44, Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland )—brook stickleback COLLECTIONS: None. STATIONS: 28, 29 (Magaguadavic River). Cox (1893, 1896a, 1896b )—“Gasterosteus inconstans Kirtland” Cox (1896a) stated that this species was first reported for the province “...a few years ago by the writer.” No reference was given, but Cox (1893) stated in reference to this stickleback—“This species has its greatest distribution in the southern parts of the province, occurring but rarely in the north.” Except for these general statements no locality records have been given by any writers previous to 1950, although Cox (1896b) noted that it was not uncommon on the lower Saint John. Johansen’s diaries record it from the Papineau River, 8 miles from Bathurst, and from the head of Scoudouc River, West- morland County. Recent records are few indeed. Reports for the Miramichi River have been given by White (1957). In an earlier paper White (1953) listed it as rare in the province. 45. Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus—threespine stickleback COLLECTIONS: ROM. 15, 34b, 37. STATIONS: 1, 6(a), 6(b), 7, 8, 12(b), 27, 28, 29, 33. Perley (1852 )—“Gasterosteus biaculeatus” Cox (1896b )—Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus—Gasterosteus biaculeatus SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 29 It is difficult to isolate literature references to this species because of the confusion in the nomenclature of Gasterosteus aculeatus and a form referred to as Gasterosteus wheatlandi Putnam.’ Distribution records other than those noted above are as follows: Saint John watershed: Madawaska River and upper Saint John (Cox, 1896b ); Tobique River (White, 1957); Kennebe- casis Bay and Saint John Harbour (Huntsman, 1922). Lakes in the St. Andrews area: Gibson and Crecy lakes (Smith, 1952b). Petitcodiac watershed: Lower Pollett River (White, 1957). Miramichi watershed: Southwest Miramichi, Renous and Cains rivers (White, 1957). Restigouche River: (Cox, 1893; 1896b ). The threespine stickleback is, according to all available data, of general distribution in the province. This is to be expected considering that all the major rivers run directly to the sea, thus providing a means of access for this euryhaline species. 46. Apeltes quadracus ( Mitchill )—fourspine stickleback COLLECTIONS: ROM. 29a (Miramichi River); NMC. 8 (Quaco, Saint John County). STATIONS: 16, 23. This stickleback was first reported from New Brunswick by Cox (1896a ), who noted that it was first collected in October, 1893, at the mouth of Little River, near Saint John. In addition to the records noted above the species has been reported from the following localities: Kennebecasis estuary, Bay du Vin estuary, Napan estuary (Cox, 1923). In addition the following localities have been noted by Johansen (MS): mouth of Eel River (near Dal- housie ); outlet of Little Black River, Kouchibouguac Bay; Richibucto Harbour inlet; Black River (at Chatham ); creek near Belledune River; Tracadie Lagoon, Tracadie; Buctouche River at Buctouche. The fourspine stickleback, primarily a marine or brackish water species, is occasionally found in freshwater. That it is primarily marine is obvious, since almost all our locality records are of a coastwise nature. This stickleback is generally included in lists of freshwater fishes on rather tenuous grounds but two specimens were taken at Station 16, Saint John River. This locality is approximately 100 miles from the sea and at least 50 miles from salt water, and is the farthest inland record known to the authors. 10No freshwater records of this species have been found. 30 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS SPECIES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED TO OccuR IN NEw BRUNSWICK The following species have at various times been reported to occur in the province. In all cases, however, it has not been possible to verify their occurrence and, consequently, they have been omitted from the annotated list. The reasons for this action are given for each species. It should be pointed out, however, that some of these species may appear at any time and with appropriate documentation become a valid part of the New Brunswick fish fauna. Clupea harengus Linnaeus—Atlantic herring Although included by Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) in a list of freshwater fishes, it is here considered to be solely a marine species and is not included. Alosa aestivalis ( Mitchill )—blueback This species, sometimes recorded as Pomolobus aestivalis, was re- ported by Cox (1896a ), Huntsman (1922) and Bigelow and Schroeder (1953). No positive records for the occurrence of this species in New Brunswick are known. Investigations currently being conducted by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (St. Andrews Station) may clarify its status. Dorosoma cepedianum (LeSueur )—gizzard shad The gizzard shad does not occur in New Brunswick, although it has been reported by an anonymous writer (1909), Halkett, (1913), Hubbs and Lagler (1941) and Radforth (1944). The source for all of these is the anonymous article referred to above which appeared in the Ottawa Naturalist (1909) signed only with the initial “C”. It seems much more likely that this article was written by Philip Cox rather than E. E. Prince, as noted by Vladykov (1945, p. 86). The statement “... it is a native Canadian fish, and was recorded by the late Edward Jack on the St. John River, at Frederiction, N.B. ...” is more likely to have come from Cox, a resident of New Brunswick. Vladykov (1945) and Miller (1957) have both drawn attention to this erroneous exten- sion of range. It should be noted that this confusion probably arose since the lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, is commonly referred to in New Brunswick as the “gizzard fish”. Erimyzon oblongus ( Mitchill)— creek chubsucker Adams (1873) listed a species, Moxostomus oblongus Ayres, pre- sumably in reference to this form. Cox (1896a) repeated Adams listing but in (1896b) he listed “Moxostomus oblongus (Gunther) Adams,” as a synonym for “Erimyzon sucetta Jordan.” The species was said to occur rarely in the small tributaries of the lower Saint John River. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 31 Halkett (1913) noted that Cox, not having seen the species for thirty years, considered it to have been eradicated by Esox niger. However, since no one has professed, even since that time, to have seen a specimen, it seems highly unlikely that it ever occurred in New Brunswick, although it does occur in Maine, but only in the Andro- scoggin river drainage and the area south of this (Everhart, pers. comm., 1958). Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes )—longnose dace The longnose dace was reported to be of general distribution in New Brunswick by Cox (1899, 1905) and these reports were repeated by Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) and Halkett (1913). Thus, although often reported, its occurrence has not been verified by speci- mens. Everhart (pers. comm., 1958) stated that it occurs in Maine only in the southwestern quarter. Roccus chrysops ( Rafinesque )—white bass This species was first reported by Adams (1873) as Labrax albidus DeKay and subsequently repeated by Cox (1896a, 1896b ) as L. albidus and Roccus chrysops. This report was based on two specimens seen only by Adams. Halkett (1913) noted that Cox considered the record to be “open to question”. Since the white bass is not indigenous to the Atlantic coastal region, the specimens described by Adams could not have been Roccus chrysops. Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque—green sunfish The green sunfish was reported from Yoho Lake, York County, by Cox (1924) as Apomotis cyanellus. He specifically noted that it was rare and that he had not deposited specimens in a museum collection. The green sunfish is not indigenous to the Atlantic coastal region and its occurrence in New Brunswick then, or now, would be most unlikely. Stizostedion canadense (Smith )—sauger The sauger was listed by White (1953) and Scott (1954) as a result of the statement of range by Hubbs and Lagler (1941, 1947), which included New Brunswick. No valid records that would sub- stantiate these reports are known to the authors. Rostlund (1952) reviewed the eastern distribution and noted that it occurs nowhere in the Atlantic coastal drainage. Stizostedion vitreum ( Mitchill )—yellow walleye New Brunswick was included in the range of the yellow walleye by Radforth (1944) and Scott (1954) as a result of an erroneous range statement by Hubbs and Lagler (1941, 1947) “. . . to Labrador; south- ward on the Atlantic slope to North Carolina.” There are no valid records of occurrence for this walleye in New Brunswick. 32 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Cottus bairdi Girard—mottled sculpin This species was erroneously reported to occur in New Brunswick by Scott (1958, p. 24). The specimen on which the report was based has been re-examined and found to be a typical example of Cottus cognatus. Although reported to occur in the province by various authors (Cox, 1896a, 1896b, 1899; Evermann and Goldsborough, 1907; Halkett, 1913; Hubbs, 1920 and Hubbs and Lagler, 1947) and under various names, the present authors were unable to locate specimens of this sculpin from New Brunswick. All specimens examined to date have proved to be Cottus cognatus. Thus, although valid records of its occurrence in the province may be found in the future, at the present time there appears to be no fishes, would welcome the opportunity to house such material. DISCUSSION One result of the present work is an indication that most information on freshwater fishes is available for areas in which the Fisheries Research Board has been active. These areas are either coastal or directly associated with commercial fisheries. For almost every species the distribution is apparently discontinuous as a result of localized rather than province-wide collections. For example, the fishes of Charlotte County are well known but except for the Miramichi River system and the 1958 collections, those of the whole region north of Fredericton are practically unknown. A more complete understanding of the distribution is dependent upon the study of collections from the following counties: Restigouche, Gloucester, Kent, Westmorland, Albert, Saint John and the north east portions of Victoria, Carleton and York. While sufficient numbers of preserved specimens are on hand for preliminary systematic studies of more than half the known species, the following fishes are insufficiently represented in any collection: Petromyzon marinus, Acipenser oxyrhynchus, A. brevirostrum, Alosa pseudoharengus, Salvelinus namaycush, Prosopium cylindraceum, Coregonus clupeaformis, Osmerus mordax, Esox niger, Catostomus catostomus, Margariscus margarita, Pfrille neogaea, Pimephales pro- melas, Anguilla rostrata, Lota lota, Roccus saxatilis, Lepomis auritus, L. gibbosus, Cottus cognatus, Eucalia inconstans, Apeltes quadracus. It should be noted that of the twenty-one species listed above, eight are anadromous forms. Of the truly native freshwater fishes some are known only by single or widely scattered records. The distribution of such forms can be adequately studied only after the results of more intensive collecting are made known. Species falling in this category can be easily determined by consulting the annotated list. It is hoped this list will SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 33 serve as a guide in acquiring the additional locality records which will make it possible to describe the complete distribution of the various species. Locality records, to be fully acceptable, must be sub- stantiated by preserved specimens. Collections of fishes are of value not only for such directly associated subjects as zoogeography, evolution, comparative systematics and general fisheries science, but can also aid in an understanding of post- glacial geological changes. In order to be available for study, pre- served fishes should be deposited in the research collection of some recognized institution equipped to maintain them. The Royal Ontario Museum, which has taken a special interest in Canadian freshwater fishes and which has at present the largest collection of New Brunswick fishes, would welcome the opportunity to house such material. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A publication of the scope of this one, being essentially a compila- tion, is dependent upon the co-operation of a large number of organiza- tions and individuals. It is with sincere pleasure that we extend our thanks to the National Museum of Canada and the Department of Fisheries, Ottawa; Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, St. Andrews, and the New Brunswick Department of Lands and Mines, whose willing co-operation made this paper possible. We are grateful to the many persons who so kindly returned, with comments, the provisional list of New Brunswick freshwater fishes. We owe a particular debt of gratitude to the many people who assisted immeasurably in the field and in the preparation of the paper by providing information, accommodation, specimens and _ various equipment, such as maps, canoes and motors. In this respect we wish to extend special thanks to the following individuals: D. Alderdice, Charles Atkinson, F. A. Beairsto, Brian Carter, James Catt, L. R. Day, W. Harry Everhart, A. G. Huntsman, E. A. Lachner, A. H. Leim, D. E. McAllister, R. A. McKenzie, Henry Paillaird, A. L. Pritchard, W. F. Saunders, George B. Smith, M. W. Smith, W. A. Squires, J. L. St. Cyr, G. A. C. Wilson, H. C. White. Figures 1 and 2 were drawn by J. G. Sweet. LITERATURE CITED ANONYMOUS 1909 Review: Fishes of Ontario, Ottawa Nat., vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 251-254. ApAms, A. L. 1873 Field and forest rambles with notes and observations on the natural history of eastern Canada. London, King & Co., 1873, pp. 1-333. ATKINS, C. G. 1887 The river fisheries of Maine. In The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States. Edit. by G. B. Goode; U.S. Comm. Fish and Fish., sect. 5, vol. 1, pp. 673-728. 34 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS ATKINSON, W. C. 1844 A historical and statistical account of New Brunswick, with advice to emigrants. Edinburgh. BIGELOw, H. B. Anp W. C. SCHROEDER 1958 Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Dept. Int., Fish and Wildlife Serv. Fish. Bull. 74, pp. 1-577. CATT, JAMES 1949 Small-mouthed black bass in the waters of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Can. Fish Cult., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 15-18. 1950a Some notes on brown trout with particular reference to their status in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Can. Fish Cult., vol. 7, pp. 25-27. 1950b = Salvelinus alpinus in Walton Lake, New Brunswick. Can. Field- Nat., vol. 64, no. 5, p. 189. Catt, J. AND A. W. H. NEEDLER 1946 Restoration of an abundant trout population by poisoning introduced yellow perch and restocking. Can. Fish Cult., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-12. Cox, PHILIP 1893 Observations on the distribution and habits of some New Brunswick fishes. Bull. Nat. Hist. Assoc., N.B., no. 11, pp. 33-42. 1896a History and present state of the Ichthyology of New Brunswick. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. N.B., no. 18, pp. 27-61. 1896b Catalogue of the marine and freshwater fishes of New Brunswick. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. N.B., no. 13, pp. 62-75. 1899 Freshwater fishes and batrachia of the Peninsula of Gaspé, P.Q. and their distribution in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., ser. 2, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 141-151. 1901 Cyprinidae of eastern Canada. Proc. Nat. Hist. Assoc. of Mira- michi, no. 2, pp. 36—45. 1905 Extension of the list of New Brunswick fishes. Proc. Miramichi Nat. Hist. Assoc., no. 4, pp. 41-44. Chatham, New Brunswick. 1921 A cyprinid new to science. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 35, pp. 66-67. 1923 Regional variation of the four-spined stickleback, Apeltes quadracus Mitchill. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 146-147. 1924 New and rare records of certain freshwater fishes in Canada. Can. Field-Nat., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 85-86. Day, FRANCIS 1880-1884 The fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2, pp. 1-338, Williams and Northgate, London. Denys, NICHOLAS 1672 L’Histoire naturelle de l’Amerique Septentrionale. Paris. DyMoNnp, J. R. 1955 Introduction of foreign fishes in Canada. Proc. Int. Assoc. Theor. App. Limn., vol. 12, pp. 543-553. EVERHART, W. H. 1950 Fishes of Maine. Dept. of Inland Fish and Game, pp. 1-53. EVERMANN, B. W. AND E. L. GOLDSBOROUGH 1907 A check list of the freshwater fishes of Canada. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 20, pp. 89-120. GESNER, A. 1847 New Brunswick. London. Cr aiaN, 1865 Synopsis of the fishes of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Fundy. Can. Nat., vol. 2, pp. 244-266. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 35 GILPIN, BERNARD 1866 On the food fishes of Nova Scotia. Trans. N.S. Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, pp. 76-91. HALKETT, ANDREW 1918 Check list of the fishes of the Dominion of Canada and Newfound- land. Ottawa, pp. 1-138. Hopes, 'C. L: 1920 Further notes on the cottoid fishes of the Great Lakes. Copeia, no. 77, Jan. 1920, pp. 1-3. 1926 A check list of the fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters, with nomenclatorial notes and analytical keys. Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. Mise. Pub., no. 15, pp. 1-77. Husss, C. L. ann K. F. LAGLER 1941 Guide to the fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters. Cran- brook Inst. Sci., Bull. no. 18, pp. 1-100. 1947 Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci., Bull. no. 26, pp- 1-186. HuNTSMAN, A. G. 1922, The fishes of the Bay of Fundy. Contrib. Can. Biol., no. 3 (1921), pp. 49-72. HUNTSMAN, A. G. AND J. R. DyMOND 1940 Pacific salmon not established in Atlantic waters. Sci., vol. 91, no. 2367, pp. 447-449. JOHANSEN, F. MS Unpublished diaries and manuscripts. R.O.M. Dept. Ich. and Herp. files, circa 1920-1926. KENDALL, W. C. 1895 Notes on the fresh-water fishes of Washington County, Maine. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 14 (for 1894), art. 7, pp. 43-54. 1903 Notes on some fresh water fishes from Maine. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 22 (1902-1903), pp. 353-368. Kurata, T. B. 1927 Fishes collected in Chamcook Lake, New Brunswick. Can. Field- Nat., vol. 41, p. 202. LAMONTHE-CADILLAC, M. 1855 Extracts from the memoirs of M. Lamonthe-Cadillac respecting Acadia, New England, New Netherland and Virginia. N.Y. Hist. Coll. 1855, vol. 9, pp. 546-550. Ler, A. H. 1924 The life history of the shad (Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) ) with special reference to the factors limiting its abundance. Contrib. Can. Biol. n.s., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 163-284. McKeEnziE, R. A. 1959 Fishes of the Miramichi River (in press). MILLer, R. R. 1957 Origin and dispersal of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus and the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum in the Great Lakes. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., vol. 86 (1956), pp. 97-111. PERLEY, M. H. 1850 Report on the sea and river fisheries of New Brunswick, within the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Chaleur. Queen’s Printer, Frederic- ton, pp. 1-137. 1852 Reports on the sea and river fisheries of New Brunswick. Queen’s Printer, Fredericton, pp. 1-294. 36 1859 R.O.M., Z. AND P. CONTRIBUTIONS Report on the fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Can. Nat. and Geol., vol. 4, art. 4 and 6. RADFORTH, [SOBEL 1944 Rep, HELEN 1930 Ropp, J. A. 1930 Some considerations on the distribution of fishes in Ontario. Contrib. Roy. Ont. Mus. Zool., no. 25, pp. 1-116. A study of Eupomotis gibbosus (L.) as occurring in Chamcook Lake, New Brunswick. Contrib. Biol. and Fish., vol. 5, no. 16, pp. 457-466. Unproductive waters made productive. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., vol. 60, pp. 116-118. ROSTLUND, ERHARD 1952 Scott, W. B. 1954 1958 Smit, M. W. 1935-1937 194] 1942 1947 1952a 1952b Smi1TH, M. W. 1955 Freshwater fish and fishing in native North America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Geog., vol. 9, pp. 1-313. Freshwater fishes of eastern Canada. Univ. Toronto Press, pp. 1-128. A checklist of the freshwater fishes of Canada and Alaska. Roy. Ont. Mus. Div. Zool. Paleo., pp. 1-30. Stephenson’s Pond near Loch Lomond, New Brunswick. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. MS. Repts., Biol. Sta. (Atlantic), no. 346, pp. 1-9. Treatment of Potter's Lake, New Brunswick, with rotenone. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., vol. 70 (1940), pp. 347-355. The smallmouth black bass in the maritime provinces. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. Prog. Repts. (Atlantic), no. 32 (note no. 86), pp. 3-4. Food of killifish and white perch in relation to supply. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 22-34. The lake whitefish in Kerr Lake, New Brunswick. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 340-346. Limnology and trout angling in Charlotte County Lakes, New Brunswick. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 383-452. AND J. W. SAUNDERS The American eel in certain fresh waters of the maritime provinces of Canada. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 238-269. Sogurres, W. A. 1950 Storer, H. R. 1850 VLADYKOV, V. 1945 1954 1935 Wuite, H. C. 1941 New Brunswick fauna: the freshwater fishes. MS., pp. 1-10. Observations on the fishes of Nova Scotia and Labrador, with descriptions of new species. Boston J. Nat. Hist., vol. VI, pp. 247-270. 1): Trois poissons nouveaux pour la province de Quebec. Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 73, nos. 1 & 2, pp. 27-39. Taxonomic characters of the eastern North America chars (Salveli- nus and Cristivomer). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 904-932. The marine fishes of Nova Scotia. Proc. N.S. Inst. Sci., vol. 19, pt..1, pp. 1-H. Migrating behaviour of sea-running Salvelinus fontinalis. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 258-264. SCOTT & CROSSMAN: NEW BRUNSWICK FRESHWATER FISHES 37 1942 Sea life of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 471-473. 1943 Fishes of the Petitcodiac River. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Atlantic salmon and trout invest., Atlantic Biol. Sta. app. 28, pp. 1-38. 1953 The eastern belted kingfisher in the Maritime Provinces. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Bull. no. 97, pp. 1-44. 1957 Food and natural history of mergansers on salmon waters in the maritime provinces of Canada. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Bull. no. 116, pp. 1-63. Witson, G. A. C. 1958 Maritime sport fisheries (a compilation of information revised to June, 1958). Dept. Fish., Fish Cult. Br. MS., pp. 1-10. YARRELL, W. 1836 A history of British fishes. 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