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This book ujas presented

34935

THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN
FROM THE LIBRARY BUILDING.

THE FEUIT MANUAL;

CONTAINIXG

THE DESCEIPTIONS & SYNONYJMES

OF

THE FRUITS and FRUIT TREES

C03LM0NLY MET WITH IN THE

GARDENS & OPiCHARDS OF GREAT BRITAIN,

SELECTED LISTS of THOSE MOST WORTHY of CULTJVATIOX.

By ROBERT HOGG, LL.D., F.H.S.,

SECRETAET TO THE FRUIT COMMITTEE OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX,

AUTHOR OF " BRITISH POMOLOGY," " THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM AND

ITS PRODUCTS," AND CO-EDITOR OF "THE COTTAGE GARDENER."

LONDON:
COTTAGE GARDENER OFFICE,

162, FLEET STREET, E.G.
MDCCCLX.

'%11%'SG

U^-i

PREFACE.

Fifteen years ago I publislied a Manual of Pruits,
wliicli at the time included most of the varieties found
in nurseries and private gardens. This being favour-
ably received, the whole impression was sold within a
twelvemonth, and I was repeatedly urged to prepare a
new edition.

About that time numerous new varieties of fruits
were introduced to British gardens, and it was there-
fore necessary that their merits should be fairly tested
before a new edition could be published of a work pro-
fessing to furnish information respecting the fruits and
fruit trees commonly cultivated in this country.

During the interval that has elapsed I have examined
the greater number of the new, and many of the older
varieties not formerly included, and I am now enabled
to present a work more complete and useful than I could
have done had I entered upon it at an earlier period.

In the present volume I have not attempted to enu-
merate all the varieties of fruits known to exist in the
country, but to describe those only which either are in
cultivation, or are worthy of being cultivated for their
superior merits. In some instances there are sorts
mentioned, not because of their excellence, but because

ir PEEFACE.

of their popularity from long usage, and in such cases
I have stated their true character in comparison with
others.

My object has been to prepare a convenient manual of
reference for amateur fruit-growers, nurserymen, and pro-
fessional gardeners, and to condense in a space as small
as possible all useful information respecting the varieties
of fruits mentioned. I have been particularly careful
in regard of the synonymes ; and at the end of each of
the kinds of fruits I have given selections of varieties
for limited gardens, and for different situations and
aspects. In most cases I have given a synoptical ar-
rangement of the different fruits by which to facilitate
their identification ; and I trust that the pains which
have been bestowed upon the work generally, will secure
for it a favourable reception, and an indulgent considera-
tion for any errors that inadvertently may have occurred.

EGBERT noaa.

Gl, WINCHESTER STREET, PIMLICO.
Sej>t. Istf 1860.

MANUAL OP BRITISH TEUITS.

♦

APPLES.

[D. signifies that varieties so marked are to be used only for the dessert ;
K., for kitchen purposes; and C, for cider-making-. Those marked
K.D. are applicable either to kitchen or dessert use.]

Adams' Peaemain, d. — Large and peai^main-sliaped.
Skin pale greenish yellow, tinged and streaked with red
on the side next the sun. Eye open. Stalk half an inch
long, obliquely inserted. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy,
and sugary, with a pleasant perfumed flavour. A very
handsome and excellent dessert apple. Eipe from De-
cember to February.

Alexander. See Emperor Alexander.

Alfeiston, k. {Lord Gicydyrs JVetcfoion Pippin, Old-
akers New). — Large, roundish, and irregularly ribbed.
Skin light orange next the sun, greenish yellow in the
shade, reticulated with russet. Stalk short and deeply
inserted. Eye open, set in a deep basin. Flesh yellowish
white, crisp, sugary, and sharply acid. A good bearer,
and one of the best kitchen apples. November to April.

American Plate. See Golden Pippin.

Aporta. See Emperor Alexander.

Arbroath Pippin. See Oslin.

Arley. See WyJcen Pipp)in.

Aeomatic Eusset, d. (Broivn Spice, Burntisland,
Pip)pin, Pook's Nest, Spice Apple). — Medium sized,
conical, flattened at the ends. Skin green and russety.
Eye small. Flesh greenish white, richly aromatic. An
excellent bearer. October.

Ashmead's Keenel, d. — Medium sized, roundish, and
compressed. Skin greenish yellow and russety, tinged
with brown next the sun. Eye small. Stalk short, and

B

Library

2 APPLES.

deeply inserted. Flesli yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary,
and rielily flavoured ; of first-rate quality, extensively
cultivated near Gloucester, of winch neighbourhood it is
a native, and well deserving of more general distribution.
November to May.

Astrachan. See White Astrachan.

Balgone Pippin. See Golden Pippin.

Baecelona Peakmain, d. {Speckled Pearmain,
SpecMed Golden Eeineite).—ls^cdi\\\m. sized, oval. Skin
yellow in the shade, and a beautiful red next the sun,
covered with large russcty species. Stalk short. Eye
small. Flesh yellowish, highly aromatic. Abundant
bearer, and good dessert apple. November to March.

Bay. See Drap d'Or.

Bayfordbury Pippin. See Golden Pippin,

Beachamwell, d. [Moiteux' Seedling). — A small,
ovate, 3^cllow apple, of first-rate quality. December to
March.

Beauty of Kent, k. — Very large, roundish, flat and
russety at the base. Skin greenish yellow, streaked with
beautiful red next the sun. Stalk short, slender, and
deeply inserted. Eye small. Flesh crisp, tender, and
juic}''. An abundant bearer. October to February.

Bedfordshiee Foundling, k. [Cambridge Pippin). —
Large, roundish, and slightly ribbed. Skin dark green,
becoming paler as it ripens. Stalk short, and deeply in-
serted. E3'C open and deep. Flesh yellowish, and
pleasantly acid. Handsome and excellent. November
to March.

Bell's Scarlet. See Scarlet Peajvnain.

Bess Pool, k.d. — Above medium size, conical, and
handsomely shaped. Skin yellow, washed and striped
with red on the side next the sun. Eye small, and rather
deep. Stalk short. Flesh white, tender, and juicy, with
a fine sugary and vinous flavour. November to March.

Blenheim Obange, k.d. {Woodstock Pippiji, North-
wick Pippin). —Jjarsre, round, and widest at the base. Skin
yellowish, red next the sun. Eye open and hollow. Flesh
yellow, sweet, and juicy. A first-rate dessert fruit, and
excellent for kitchen use. November to February.

BoEoyiTSKi, D. — Medium sized, roundish, and angular.

APPLES. 8''

Skin bright red on one side and pale ^rcen on tlie other.
Stalk long and deeply inserted. Flesh v.hite, brisk,
juicy, and sugary. Middle of August.

BoESDoEPFEE, D. [Garret Pijypin, King George,
Queen s).—^mi\\\, oval, bright yellow, and red next the
sun. Sialic short and slender. Eye shallow. Flesh
yellowish white, crisp, rich, and perfumed. An apple of
very superior quality. ISTovember to March.

Boston Eusset, d. {JRoxhuri/ Basset). — Medium sized,
roundish, flattened at the ends. Skin dull green, covered
with brownish-3-ellow russet, rarely tinged with red.
Stalk nearly an inch long, slender. Flesh greenish white,
rich, sub-acid, and juicy, like Eibston Pippin. Of first-
rate quality. January to April.

Beabant Bellefleub, z.d. — Large, roundish, oblong,
and ribbed. Skin pale yellow, slightly striped with red.
Eye large and wide. Flesh juicy, rich, and pleasantly sub-
acid. November to April.

Beaddick's Nonpaeeil, d. [Ditton I'on'pareil). —
Small, roundish, and compressed at both ends. Skin
smooth, green, tinged with yellowish brown, brownish red
next the sun. Eye small and deejply set. Stalk short.
Flesh yellow, sugar}', and aromatic. An abundant bearer*
and first-rate table fruit. December to March.

Brandy. See Golden Sarvey.

Beingevtood Pippin, d. — Small and round. Skin of
a fine rich j'ellow colour. Eye small and OT)en, set in a
shallow basin. Stalk short and slender. Flesh yellowish,
firm, cris]), juicy, and with a rich flavour. A first-rate
dessert apple. January to March.

Beownlees' Busset, k. d. — Large, roundish-ovate,
and rather flattened. Skin green and russeted, with,
brownish red next the sun. Eye closed. Stalk short,
deeply inserted. Flesh greenish white, tender, juicy,
sweet, and aromatic. An excellent late apple. January to
May.

Brown Spice. See Aromatic Russet.

Burntisland Pippin. See Aromatic Russet.

Calville, Winter "White, k. [WJiite Calville).—^
Large and flattened, marked on its sides with pro-
minent ribs. Skin smooth, shining, rich yellow, and

4 APPLES.

tinged with red. Eye small and deep. Stalk slender and
dee"ply inserted. Flesh white, tender, sweet, and juicy.
January to April.

Cambridge Pippin. See Bedfordsliire Foundling.

Card's Seedling. See Piiiner Seedling.

Caelisle Codlin, k. — Fruit above medium size, ovate,
•and angular. Skin smooth, pale yellow. Eye closed. Stalk
very short. Flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy, and brisk.
An excellent culinar}" apple. From August to December.

CELLI^'I, K. D. — Above medium size, roundish, and
liandsomely shaped. Skin deep 3'ellow, beautifully
streaked and mottled with red next the sun. Eye large
ntid open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk very short.
! 'Ji'sh white, tender, juicy, with a fine, brisk, balsamic
llavour, and high aroma. A first-rate culinary apple, and
^Iso useful in the dessert. October to November.

Chalmers' Large. See Dutch Codlin.

Cheistie's Pippin, d. — Eather small, round, and com-
pressed. Skin deep yellow, mottled with red next the
sun. Stalk short. Eye small. Flesh yellowish white.
tender, brisk, and juicy, with a pleasant flavour. A first-
rate dessert apple. December to February.

Claremont. See French Crab.

Claygate Peaemaix, d. — Medium sized, conical. Skin
dull greenish yellow, with brownish red next the sun.
Stalk medium. Eye large. Flesh yellow, tender, and
aromatic, with the flavour of tlie E,ibston. An abundant
bearer, and first-rate fruit. November to March.

CUfton Nonesuch. See Fearns Pippin.

Coates'. See Yorkshire Greening.

Cobbett's Fall Pippin. See Reinette Blanche d' Fsp ague.

CoBHAM, D. — Above medium size, roundish. Skin
greenish yellow, mottled with red. Eye small and closed.
Stalk slender and deeply inserted. Flesh pale yellow,
crisp, sugary, and aromatic. An excellent dessert apple,
with something of the character of Eibston Pippin.
September to January.

Coccagee, c— Medium sized, ovate, fine yellow. Skin
red next the sun. One of the best cider apples. October
to December.

APPLES. 5

Cockle Pippin, d. {Nutmeg Pijopin). — Medium sized,
conical or ovate. Skin fine brownish yellovr, russety at
the base. Stalk slender. Eye in a narrow and shallow
basin. Flesh yellow, rich, and perfumed. Excellent
flavour, and first-rate dessert fruit. January to Aprik

Coe's Golden Deop, d. — Small and conical. Skin
yellow, with a few crimson spots next the sun. Eye small
and open. Stalk long. Flesh firm, crisp, sugary, and
vinous. A first-rate dessert apple. November to May.

Copmanthorpe Crab. See Dutch Mignonne.

CoENiSH Gilliflower, d. — Eathcr large, oval, and
angular towards the eye. Skin deep yellowish green,
tinged with red, intermixed with streaks of deeper red next
the sun, russety. Stalk an inch long. Eye nearly closed,
set in an uneven basin. Flesh yellow, firm, rich, and
perfumed, like the Clove Gilliflower. Eather a shy bearer,
but one of " the best of apples." November to May.

Court OF Wick, D. {Fry s Pippin, Golden Drop, Kniglit-
wicJc Fippin, Phillips' Reinette, Wood's Huntingdon^
Wee7cs' Pippin, Yelloto Pipp)in). — Eather small, roundish,
ovate, and compressed at the ends. Skin greenish yellow,
orange and russety next the sun. Stalk short and slender.
Eye open and shallow. Flesh deep yellow, juicy, and
highly flavoured. An abundant bearer, and first-rate
fruit. October to March.

Court Pendu Plat, d. {Garnons Pippin, Princesse
Nohle Zoete, Russian, Wbllaton Pippin). — Medium sized,
round, and compressed. Skin rich deep red, greenish
yeUow in the shade. Stalk short and deeply inserted.
E5^e large and open, set in a wide shallow basin. Flesh
yellow, rich, and briskly acid. An abundant bearer, and
excellent fruit. November to April.

Cox's Orange Pippin, d. — Medium sized, roundish-
ovate, and regular in its outline. Skin greenish yellow,
and streaked with red in the shade, but dark red where
exposed to the sun. Eye small and open. Stalk half an
inch long. Flesh yellowish, very tender, crisp, and juicy,
with a fine perfume. A first-rate dessert apple. October
to February.

Cox's Pomona, k. — Above the medium size, sometimes
large, ovate, and somewhat flattened and angular. Skin
yellow, and very much streaked with bright crimson. Eye
slightly open and deep. Stalk an inch long, deeply in-

6 APPLES.

serted. FIcsli -VThite, tender, delicate, and pleasantly
acid. October.

Cgofton' Scaelet, d. — Medium sized, flattish. Skin
yellowisli russet, bright red and russety next tlie sun.
Eye \vide. Stalk short. An abundant bearer. October
to December.

Devoksiiiee Quaeeenden, d. {Bed Quarrendeyi, Sack
Apple). — Medium si.^ed, round, compressed at tlie ends.
Skin deep crimson. Stalk short and deeply inserted. Eye
■with long segments, verj^ shallow. Elesh greenish white,
crisp, juicy, and pleasantly sub-acid. A good bearer.
" No better autumn fruit." August.

Devonshiee Queen, k.d. — A line, large, ovate fruit,
entirely covered with rich, dark crimson, and a delicate
bloom. The flesh is sometimes tinged with red, and. is
crisp, juicy, and balsamic. October.

Ditton Nonpareil. See JBraddich's Nonpareil.

DowNTOX PirpiN, D. — Larger than the Golden Pippin,
roundish, flat at the ends. Sldn yellow. Stalk short ancl
deeply inserted. Eye in a wide and shallow basin. Elesh
yellow, brisk, and richly flavoured. A seedling from the
Golden Pippin. November to January.

Deap d'Oe, k. {Bay Ajjple, Early Summer Bip)p)in). — •
Eather large, roundish, narroAving towards the eye. Skin
yellow, dotted with brown specks. Stalk short. Ej-o
shallow. Elesh crisp, juicy, and of a pleasant mild,
flavour. October to December.

Duchess OF Olde:>buegh, d. — Medium sized, roundish.
Skin rich yellow, streaked with red. Eye large, nearly
closed, set in a wide hollow. Elesh brisk and juicy.
September.

DuMELOw's Seedling,k. {Normanto7iWonder, Wellinrj-
ion). — Large, round, and compressed at both ends. Skin
yellow, ligiit red next the sun. Stalk very short. Eye
large and open. Flesh yellow. A good bearer, and an
excellent kitchen apple. November to March.

Dundee. See Golden Beinette.

Dutch Codlin, k. {Chalmers' Large, Glory of the
West). — Very large, irregularly roundisji, or oblong, with
prom.inent ribs extending ii'om the base to the eye. Skin
pale greenish-yellow, slightly tinged with orange, red

APPLES. 7

next the sun. Stalk short and thick. Eje set in a deep
angular basin. Flesh white, slightly acid. A good bearer,
and one of the best kitchen apples. August to September.

DuTcn jMtgxonne, k.d. {CopmantJiorpe Crah, Stettin
Pippin). — Esther large, roundish, and handsome. Skin
dull orange, half mottled with large yellow russet specks.
Eye open, deeply set in a round basin. Stalk an inch
long, deeply set. Flesh highly aromatic. A great bearer,
and one of the most desirable apples for any garden.
December to April.

Earl}^ Crofton. See Irish Peach.

Eaely Harvest, d. {Yellow Harvest). — Medium sized,
round. Skin clear pale yellow. Eye small and closed.
Stalk half an inch long, not deeply inserted. Flesh white,
tender, crisp, juicy, with a pleasant refresliing flavour.
A first-rate early dessert apple. July and August.

Eaely Julien, k.d. — Medium sized, roundish, ana
slightly flattened. Skin pale yellow, with an orange
tinge next the sun. Eye closed. Stalk short. Flesh
3'^ellowish white, crisp, very juicy, with a fine brisk and
rather balsamic flavour. An excellent early apple. Eipe
in the second week of August.

Early IN'onpareil, d. {Hicl's' Fancy, New Nonpareil,
Staff r/'s Nonpareil). — Small, roundish, narrowing towards
the eye. Skin greenish yellow, changing to deep yellow
as it attains maturity, russety, and spotted with grey
spots. Eye open, set in a wide basin. Stalk short and
deeply inserted. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, juicy,
brisk, and aromatic. October to December.

Early Red Margaret. See Margaret.

Early Summer Pippin. See Drap cV Or.

Easter Pippin. See French Crah.

Edmonton Aromatic. See Kerry Pijjpin.

Elizabeth. See Golden Iteinette.

Emperor Alexander, k, {Aporfa, Russian Fmperor).
— Yery large, heart-shaped. Skin gr-ionish yellow,
streaked with bright red next the sun. Eye large and
deex)ly set. Stalk slender, an inch long, much inserted.
Flesh yellowish white, rich, juicy, and aro natic. A very
handsome apple. September to December.

English Codlix, k. — Large, conical, and irregular in

8 APPLES.

its outline. Skin line yellow, witli a faint red blusli on
the side exposed to the sun. Eye closed. Stalk short
and stout. Flesh white, tender, and agreeably acid.
August to October.

English Pippin. See Golden Reinette.

Fall Pippin. See Beinette Blanche d'Espagne.

Eeaen's Pippin, k.d. {Ferris' Pi^ypiii, Clifton Nonesuch).
— Medium sized, round, flat at the ends. Skin greenish
yellow, russety round the stalk, and bright red next the
sun. Stalk short. Eye shallow, in a plaited basin. Flesh
greenish white, sweet, and richly flavoured. A good
apple. November to February.

Federal Peaemain, d. — Below medium size, pearmain-
shaped. Skin yellowish, with a little red, and a few dark
streaks on the side next the sun, russety. Eye deeply
set. Stalk half an inch long. Flesh fine, delicate, very
juicy, and of excellent flavour. A first-rate apple. De-
cember to March.

Five-crowned Pippin. See London Pippin.

Flowee of Kent, k. — Large, roundish, flattened, and
irregularly ribbed. Skin dull yellow, tinged with red,
bright red next the sun. Flesh greenish yellow, exceed-
ingly juicy. Eye small. Stalk an inch long. October
to January.

FoEGE,K. — Medium sized, round. Skin a golden-yellow
colour, mottled with crimson, and dark red next the sun.
Eye small and closed. Stalk very short. Flesh yellowish
white, tender, juicy, sweet, and finely perfumed. A
useful apple. The tree a great and constant bearer.
October to January.

Forman's Crew, d. — Below medium, oval, broadest at
the base. Skin yellow and russety. Stalk short. Eye
small. Flesh greenish yellow. One of the best dessert
apples. November to April.

Formosa. See Ribston Pippin.

Franklin's Golden Pippin, d. [Sudloio's .Fall).--'
Medium size, conical. Skin bright yellow, dotted with
dark spots. Stalk short, slender, and deeply set. Eye
deeply sunk. Flesh pale yellow, tender, and ricmy
aromatic. A first-rate fruit. October to January.

French Crab, k.d. [Claremont Pippin, Easter Pippin,
Ironstone, Young's Long Keeping). — Large, globular.

APPLES. 9

Skin dark green, \Yitli a l)ro^Yn blush next tlie sun. Stalk
sliort and slender, deeply set. Eye small, almost closed.
Flesh pale green, firm, and pleasantly sub-acid. An im-
mense bearer, and remarkable for keeping, under favour-
able circumstances, for two years.

Frith Pitcher. See Manks Codlin.

Fry's Pippin. See Court of WtcJc.

Garnon's. See Court Pendtc Plat.

Garret Pippin. See Borsdorffer.

Girkin Pippin. See IVylcen.

Glokia Mundi, k. {Baltimore, Mammoth, Ox Ajoj^Ie,
Ifonstroiis Pippin. — Of very large size, roundish, and
flattened. Skin pale yellowish green, with a faint tinge
of blush on one side. Eye large and open. Stalk short
and stout. Flesh white, tender, and juicy. October to
Christmas.

Golden Knob. d. — Small, ovate, and a little flattened.
Skin yellow, much covered with russet, with a reddish
tinge on one side. Eye open, stalk very short. Flesh
greenish white, firm, crisp, and juicy. December to
March.

Glory of the West. See Dutch Codlin,

Glory of York. See Ribston Pippin.

Golden Drop. See Court of Wick.

Golden Harvey, d.c. (Brandt/). — Small, nearly round.
Skin roughly russety, on a yellow ground, tinged with
red next the sun. Stalk half an inch long, slender. Eye
small, open, and shallow. Flesh yellow, rich, aromatic,
and sub-acid flavour. A first-rate dessert fruit. De-
cember to June.

Golden Monday, d. — Small, roundish, and flattened.
Skin clear, golden yellow, with markings of russet. Eye
small, and rather open. Stalk very short. Flesh yel-
lowish white, crisp, sugary, briskly flavoured, and with a
nice aroma. October to Christmas.

Golden Noble, k. {W'aUham Abbey Seedling). — A very
large, globular, and handsome apple. Skin of a uniform
clear, bright yellow. Eye small and deep. Stalk short.
Flesh yellow, tender, and pleasantly acid, and bakes of a
clear amber colour. A valuable kitchen apple. September
to December.

10 APPLES.

Golden Pippin, d. [American Plate, Bale/one Pi_pphi,
Bai/fordhiiry Pippin, Herefordshire G.P., London G.P.,
Melton G.'P., Russet G.P., Wartcrs (^.P.) — Small,
roundish. Skin deep golden yellow, ■^ith ^Tllite specks
under the skin, dotted v.-ith russet. Stalk long and
slender. Eye small and shallow. Flesh yellowish, rich,
brisk, and highly flavoured. The queen of dessert apples.
November to March.

Golden Eeinette, d. [Dundee, English Pippin, JEli-
zaheth, KirTce's Golden Eeinette, Megginch Favourite,
Princess Nolle, Wylcer Pippin, Wygers).—3e\o\x medium
size, round, and compressed at the ends. Skin greenish
yellow, flushed and streaked with red next the sun. dotted
with russet. Stalk long. Eye large, open, and shallow.
Flesh yellow, sugary, and richly flavoured. October to
January.

Golden Russet, d. — Medium sized, ovate. Skin
greenish yellow, covered with yellow russet. Stalk short.
Eye small and close. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, and
pleasantly aromatic. December to March.

Golden AYinter Peaemain, k.d. [King of the Pippins,
Hampshire Yellow, Jones' Southampton Pippin). — Medium
sized, abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin rich 3'ellow, tinged
and strcal:cd with red next the sun. Eye large and open,
set in a deep basin. Stalk long and stout. Flesh yel-
lowish white, firm, juicy, and sweet, with a somewhat
aromatic flavour. A valuable apple. October to January.

GoosEurr.RY Pippin, k. — Medium sized, roundish.
Skin deep lively green. Eye open. Stalk short. Flesh
greenish white, very tender, and delicate. A very valu-
able, late-keeping, culinary apple. In use from November
till the following August.

Gravenstein, k.d. — Large, round, flattened at the
ends, and angular. Skin fine straw colour, streaked with
red next the sun. Stalk very short and deeply set. Eye
large, wide, and deeply set. Flesh ])ale yellow, crisp,
aromatu', and vinous. A very valuable apple. October
to December.

Greenup's Pippin, k.— Above medium size, round.
Skin of a pale straw colour, with a fine bright red cheek
next the sun. Eye closed. Stalk short. Flesh pale •
yellowish white, juicy, sweet, and brisk. October to
December.

APPLES. 11

Grey Leadington, d. — Medium sized, oblong or
conical, and ribbed. Skin yelloTr and russety, Trith. pale
red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye large and sunk.
Stalk short and A^ery stout. Flesh tender, juicy, sugary,
and finely perfumed. An excellent dessert apple. In
use from September to January.

Hall Door, d. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin
greenish yellow in the shade^ and streaked with red on
the side next the sun. Ej^e small, and set in a rather
deep basin. Stalk short, and inserted in a deep cavity.
Flesh white, firm, and juicy. In use from November to
March.

Hambledon Deux Ans, k.d. — Large, roundish, rather
broadest at the base. Skin yellowish green in the shade,
and dull-red, streaked with broad stripes of a deeper red,
on the side next the sun. Eye small and closed. Stalk
stout and short. Flesh greenish white, firm, crisp, and
richly flavoured. One of the most valuable keeping
apples. In use from January to May. .

Hampshire Yellow. See Golden Wintej' Pearmain.

HAiS'v>'ELL Souring, k. — Medium sized, roundish-ovate.
Skin greenish yellow, with a red blush. Eye closed.
Stalk, very short. Flesh firm, crisp, and briskly acid.
Worthy of general cultivation. December to March.

Harvey Apple, k. — Large, roundish-ovate. Skin
greenish j-ellow, with markings of russet. Eye small.
Stalk short and slender. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, and
pleasantly acid. A first-rate culinary apple. October to
January.

Hardingham's Husset. See Pine Apple Russet.

Hawbcrry Pippin. See Hollandhury.

Hawthornden, k. — Large, flat, ovate, and angular.
Skin delicate yellowish-green, covered with bloom, a red
blush next the sun. Stalk slender, half an inch long.
Eye small, nearly closed. Flesh white, juicy, and plea-
sant. An abundant bearer. September to January.

Hawthornden, jSTew, k.— The appearance of the fruit
is very much the same as that of the old Hawthornden,
but is much more solid and briskly flavoured. It also
keeps longer, and the tree has a more robust and vigorous
growth. December to January.

Herefordshire Golden Pippin. See Golden Pijyphi.

12 APPLES.

Herefordshire Pearmain. See Royal Fearmahi.

Hicks' Fancy. See Early Nonpareil.

Hoary Morning, k. (Dainty, Doicny,Sani Raidings).—
Large, roundish, somewhat liattencd, and angular. Skin
yellowish, marked with broad, pale-red stripes on the
shaded side, and broad broken stripes of beautiful red on
the side next the sun, and covered with a fine thick bloom,
like thin hoar frost. Eye very small. Stalk short. Flesh
yellowish white, tinged with red at the surface under the
skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid. This is a beau-
tiful and very excellent kitchen apple. In use from
October to December.

Holbert's Victoria, d. — Small and ovate. Skin
yellow, covered with pale grey russet Eye small and
slightly open. Stalk short. Flesh yellowish, firm, very
juicy, vinous, and aromatic. An excellent dessert apple,
of the first quality. December to May.

Hollandbury, k. [Sau'herry Pippin, Horsley Pippin,
KirJccs Admirable). — Large, roundish, flat at the ends,
prominently ribbed. Skin greenish yellow, beautiful
bright red next the sun. November to January.

Holland Pippin, k. — Large, roundish, and flattened.
Skin yellow, inclining to green, dull red next the sun.
Stalk short, thick, and deeply set. Eye small, in a slightly
plaited basin. Flesh pale yellow and pleasantly acid.
November to March.

Hood's Seedling. See Scarlet Pearmain.

HoRMEAD Pearmain, k.d, {Arundel Pearmain, JSor-
mead Pippin). — Medium sized, ovate conical. Skin of a
uniform bright yellow. Eye large, closed, and set in a
shallow, irregular basin. S"talk very short and stout, in-
serted in a deep cavity. Flesh white, tender, very juicy,
and pleasantly acid. An excellent dessert apple. In use
from October to March.

Horsley Pippin. See Hollandbury.

Hubbard's Pearmain, d.— Small and conical. Skin
covered with thin russet, sometimes without russet, and
thm yellowish green. Eye small and closed. Stalk short.
Flesh yellow, firm, sugary, richly flavoured, and aromatic.
One of the best dessert apples, deserving extensive culti-
vation. November to April.

Hughes' Golden Pippin, d. — Small, round, com-

APPLES. 13

pressed at the ends. Skin yellow, spotted with green,
and russety. Stalk thick and short. Eye small, in a
hollow, plaited basin. Flesh yellow, rich, sweet, and
agreeable. A first-rate dessert apple. December to
February.

Hunt's ISTonpareil. See Nonpareil.

Ingesteie Ked, d. — Small, oblong ovate. Skin bright
yellow, tinged with red next the sun, speckled with dots.
Eye in a round, wide basin. Stalk short and slender.
Flesh pale yellow, of very rich, juicy flavour, resembling
the Golden Pippin. One of the best autumn apples.
September to November.

Ingestrie Yellow, d. — Small, ovate oblong. Skin
deep bright yellow all over. Eye small and shallow.
Stalk slender. Flesh tender, and very juicy when first
gathered. A good bearer. October.

Ieish Peach, d. [Early Croffon). — Medium sized,
roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin yel-
lowish green and dotted with brown in the shade, dull
red next the sun. Eye large and closed. Stalk short.
Flesh white, tender, juicy, and richly flavoured. This
is one of the best summer dessert apples, and is ripe in
August.

Irish Pitcher. See JUanhs Codlin,

Irish Eusset. See Sam Young,

Ironstone. See French Crab.

Isle OF Wight Pippin, k.d. — Medium sized, round,
and a little flattened. Skin fine rich yellow, and covered
with thin grey russet on the shaded side, and of a rich
orange and red on the side next the sun. Eye open.
Stalk short. Flesh of a fine yellow colour, firm, juicy,
and pleasantly acid. September to January.

JoAXXETiN'G, D. [Juneating, While Janeating, Owens'
Golden JBeaidy). — Small, round, and slightly flattened.
Skin light yellow, with a red blush next the sun. Eye
moderately sunk. Stalk long and slender. Flesh crisp
and pleasant. A good bearer. July to August.

Jones' Southampton Pippin. See Golden Winter
JPearmain.

Klddleston Pippin, d. — Small, conical, and regularly
formed. Skin of a uniform yellow colour, with veiuings
and specks of russet. Eye half open, set in a shallow,

14 APPLES.

plaited basin. Stalk short. Flesh yellowish, crisp, very
juicy, sugary, and aromatic. A first-rate dessert apple.
•November to March.

Kentish Fill Basket, k. {Lady De Grey s, Potters*
Large). — A^ery large, roundish, and angular. Skin yel-
lowish green, with a brownish red blush next the sun,
streaked with darker red. Eye large, in a deep irregular
basin. Flesh juicy, sub-acid. November to January.

Keeet Pippin, d. {Edmonton Aromatic Fijrpin). —
Medium sized, oval, flattened and wrinkled at the e5''e.
Skin pale yellow, tinged and streaked with red next the
sun. Eye obliquely inserted in a plaited basin. Stalk
large. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a
rich sugary flavour. One of the best dessert apples.
September to October.

Xeswick Codlin, k. — Large, conical, irregularly an-
gular. Skin greenish yellow, with a blush tinge next the
sun. Eye large, deeply set. Stalk short, much depressed.
Flesh yellowish white, juicy, and pleasantly sub-acid.
An excellent bearer. August to September.

King George. See JBorsdorjfev.

King of the Pippins. See Golden Wintei* IPearmain,

Kirke's Admirable. See HoUandbiiry.

Kirke's Golden lleinette. See Golden Pchiettc.

Kirke's Lemon Pippin. See Lemon Pippin.

Kieke's Loed Nelson, k. — Large, roundish. Skin
smooth, pale yellow, streaked all over with red. Eye
open. Stalk short and slender. Flesh yellowish white,
sweet and juicy, but lacks acidity. November to February.

Knight's CodUn. See Wormsley Pipjnn.

Knightwick. See Court of Wick.

Lady De Grey's. See Kentish Fill PasTcet.

Lamb Abbey Peaemain, d. — Medium sized, conical,
slightly flattened at the ends. Skin yellowish green ;
orange, streaked with red, next the sun . Eye rather large,
deeply sunk. Stalk short. Flesh yellow, greenish at the
core, crisp, juicy, sweet, and aromatic. One of the best
dessert fruits, and "keeps well without shrivelling."
December to April.

Lancashire Crab. See Minc/iall Crab.
Leathercoat. See Poyal Pusset.

APPLES. 15

Lemon Pippix, k.d. {Kii'l^es Lemo7i Pippin). — Medium
sized, oval. Skin j^ellowisli green, turning to lemon-
yelloTV." E^'c small. Stalk short, Tvith a fleshy protube-
rance growing on one side. Flesh firm, brisk, and plea-
santly acid. October to April.

Lewis' Ixcompaeable, k.d. — Large and conical. Skin
deep lively red, streaked with red of a darker colour ;
but on the shaded side it is deep yellow, faintly streaked
witli light red, and strewed with numerous minute dark
dots. Eye small and open. Stalk very short. Flesh
yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, ^vith a slight musky
flavour. A large and handtome apple. In use from
December to February.

LixcoLNSHiEE HoLLAKD PiPPiN, K. (St)'iped Holland
Pi2:)pin). — Large, roundish, and flattened. Skin 3'ellow,
dotted with green dots in the shade, and pale orange,
streaked with bright red, next the sun. Eye small, set in
an angular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a shallow de-
pression. Flesh white, and slightly acid. A kitchen
apple from October to December.

Little Heebeet, d. — A small, round apple, covered
with brown russet. Much esteemed in Gloucestershire
as a first-rate dessert fruit ; but is, in fact, only second-
rate. Tree a shy bearer. December to March.

Loan's Peaemaix, d. — Eather large, oval. Skin dull
green, with brownish red next the sun. Flesh greenish
■white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sweet. JN'ovember to
February.

London Golden Pippin. See Golden Pippin.

London Pippin, e:. {Fiv)e-croicned.Tippin,Itoyal Somer-
set).— Above medium size, roundish, flattened, and an-
gular, with five prominent knobs round the crown. Skin,
yellow, becoming deep j-ellow when ripe. Stalk short
and slender. Eye small and shallow. Flesh yellowish
white, of an agreeable sub-acid flavour. Good bearer.
October to January.

Longville's Keenel, d. (Sam's Crah). — Medium
sized, ovate, and slightly angular. Skin greenish yellow,
streaked with dark yellow on the side next tne sun.
Eye small and open. Stalk short. Flesh yellow, firm,
slightly acid, and sweet. Only a second'-rate apple.
August and September.

Lord Gwydyr's Newtown Pippin. See Alfrision.

IG APPLES.

LoED Nelson, k.d. — Bather large, roundlsli, broadest
at tlie base. Skin pale yellow, bright red next the sun.
Stalk slender and short. Eye open, set in a large, slightly-
plaited basin. Flesh yellowish, juicy, higlily aromatic.
November to Januar}'-.

LoED SuFFiELD, K. — Above medium size, conical. Skin
pale greenish yellow, with sometimes a tinge of red next
the sun. Eye closed. Stalk short and stout. Elesh
white, tender, and firm, very juicy, and briskly flavoured.
August and September.

Lovedon's Pippin. See Nonjaareil.

Lucombe's Pine, d. — Below medium size, ovate or
conical. Skin clear pale yellow, with an orange tinge
next the sun, and marked Avith patches of russet. Eye
small and closed. Stalk short and stout. Elesh tender^
crisp, very juicy, sugary, and aromatic. A first-rate
dessert apple. October to Christmas.

Luco3IBe's Seedling, k. — Large, roundish, and an-
gular. Skin yellowish green, covered with dark spots,
and streaked with crimson next the sun. Stalk short
and thick. Eye small and open. Flesh white, juicy,
and pleasant flavoured. October to March.

Maclean's Favoueite, d. — Medium sized, roundish.
Skin yellow. Flesh crisp and richly flavoured, resem-
bling Ihe Newtown Pippin. An abundant bearer, and
"of the highest excellence." October to January.

Mammoth. See Gloria Mundi.

Manks Godlin, k. {Irish Pitcher, Friih PitcJier). —
Medium sized, conical. Skin pale yellow, flushed with
red next the sun. Stalk short and fleshy. Eye shallow.
Flesh yellowish white, slightly perfumed. One of the
best kitchen apples. September to November.

Mannington's Peaemaix, d.— Medium sized, abrupt
pcarmain-shaped. Skin rich golden yellow, covered with
russet, and dull brownish red next the sun. Eye closed.
Stalk long. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and
aromatic. A first-rate late dessert apple. October to
March.

Maegaeet, d. [Early Bed Margaret, Bve, Bed Juneaf.
ivg. Striped Juneaf ing, Striped Qu a r rend e)i).—JJnder tho
medium size, roundish-ovate, narrowing towards the eye.
Skm greenish yellow, with deep red stripes on one side.

APPLES. 17

Eye small, closed, and set in a sliallow plaited basin. Flesli
white, brisk, juicy, and vinous. " One of the best early
apples," generally eaten off the tree. August.

Makgil, d. {Neverfail). — Small, ovato-conical, slightly
angular. Skin orange, streaked and mottled with red
next the sun, slightly russety in the shade. Stalk short.
Eye small, set in an irregular basin. Flesh yellow, firm,
and richly aromatic. November to March.

Megginch Favourite. See Golden Beinette.

Melon Apple, d. — Medium sized, roundish, and nar-
rowing a little towards the eye. Skin lemon yellow on
the shaded side, and light crimson next the sun. Ej-e
small and half open. Stalk half an inch long, very slender.
Flesh yellowish white, very tender, crisp, juicy, sweet,
and vinous, with a delicate perfume. A first-rate Ame-
rican apple, which ripens in this country. December and
January.

Mere de Menage, k. — Large, conical. Skin red,
streaked with darker red all over, except a little on the
shaded side, where it is yellow. Eye sunk in an angular
basin. Stalk very stout, inserted in a deep cavit)", so
much so as to be scarcely visible. Flesh firm, crisp, brisk,
and juicy. A valuable and beautiful kitchen apple. In
use from October to January.

Milton Golden Pippin. See Golden Pijipin.

Minchall Ceab, k. {Lancashire Or ah). — Large, round,
and considerably depressed. Skin dull green on the
shaded side, and tinged and striped with dull red on the
side next the sun. Eye large and open. Stalk rather
short. Flesh white, firm, crisp, and briskly acid. jS'o-
vember to March.

Minier's Dumpling, k. — Large, roundish, somewhat
flattened, and angular. Skin dark green, covered with
dark red next the sun. Stalk an inch long, aud stout.
Flesh firm, juicy, and sub-acid. jS'ovember to May.

Monstrous Pippin. See Gloria Mundi.

MoREis' iS'oNPAREiL EussET, D. — Small, conical, and
with the eye placed laterally. Skin green, covered with
large patches of russet. Eye small and open. Stalk
short and deeply inserted. Flesh greenish, firm, crisp,
juicy, sugary, and aromatic. An excellent dessert apple.
October to March.

c

Ig APPLES.

Mother Apple. Sec OsUn.

Mother Apple, American, d.— Above medium size,
conical and aiiL^ular. Skin deep j'elloTV, but liigbly
coloured, ^Yilll veins and mottles of crimson. Eye small
and closed. Stalk half an inch long, slender. Flesh
yellowisli white, vey tender, and juicy ; crisp, sweet, and
with a balsamic flavour. A first-rate American a^^ple,
■which ripens well in this country. October.

Mottcux' Seedling. See JBeachamicelL

Nanny, d. — Medium sized, roundish, angular and
ribbed round the eye. Skin greenish yellow, streaked
with crimson, and often with a deep red cheek. Eye
open. Stalk short. Flesh yellow, soft, and tender,
juicy, sugary, and with the Eibston Pippin and Margil
flavours. A first-rate dessert apple. In use in October,
but soon becomes mealy.

Nelson Codlix, k.d. [Nelson). — Large and handsome,
of a conical or oblong shape. Skin of a uniform rich
yellow, and covered with rather large dark dots. Eye
open, set in a deep, plaited, irregular basin. Stalk very
short. Flesh j^ellowish white, delicate, tender, juicy, and
sugary. A valuable apple for the kitchen or even the
desdcrt. Season from September to January.

Neverfail. See Margil.

New Nonpareil. See Early Nonpareil.

Nkwtown Pippin, d. — Medium sized, roundish,
rather irregular, and obscureh' ribbed. Skin dull green,
changing to olive green when ripe, v»ith a brownish blush
next the sun. Eye small and closed, set in a shallow
basin. Stalk short, slender, and deeply set. Flesh
greenish white, tender, juicy, and crisp, with a fine
aroma, llcquires a wall in this country. December to
April.

New York Gloria Mundi. See Gloria Mtmdi.

Nonesuch, k.d. — Medium sized, round, and flattened.
Skin greenish yellow, striped with dull red next the sun.
Stalk short and slender. Eye small, set in a wide, shallow
basin. Flesh white, tender, and x')leasantly sub-acid.
September and October.

Nonpareil, d. [Rmifs Nonjjareil, Lovedons Pippin)
— liatlior below medium size, roundish, slightly ovate.
Sk;n greenish yellow, with pale russet, and brownish.

iPPLES. 19

red next the sun. Stalk long and slender. Eye small,
set in a narrov^-, round basin. Piesh greenish ^Yl]Lite, firm,
crisp, and riclily flavoured. A first-rate dessert apple.
Jauuar}^ to Ma}'.

JSToEFOLK Beaeer, s. — About medium size, roundish,
angular round tho eye. Skin green, with a yellowish
tinge on the shaded side, but covered with dark crimson
next the sun. Eye small and slightly open. Stalk half
an inch long, slender. Flesh greenish, tender, crisp,
with a brisk and agreeable flavour. Tree a great bearer.
December and January.

NoEEOLK Beefing-, k. {Catshead Beefing, BeacVs
Baker). — Large, round, flat at the ends. Skin green,
and deep red next the sun. Stalk short, fleshy, and
deeply inserted. Eye large, set in a deep and irregularly
plaited basin. Flesh greenish white, firm, and sub-acid.
"Excellent for drying." I^ovember to July.

Norfolk Colnian. See Winter Colman,
Norfolk Pippin. See Adams' Pearmain.
Norfolk Storing. See Winter Colman.
Normanton Wonder. See Dumeloio's Seedling.

NoETHEEN Gkeening, K. (Walmer Court). — Above the
medium size, roundish ovate. Skin dull green, brownish
red next the sun. Stalk short and thick. Eye small.
Flesh greenish white, sub-acid. A first-rate kitchen
apple. November to April.

NoETHEEN Spy, d. — Large, conical, and angular. Skin
yellow on the shaded side, but streaked with crimson on
the side next the sun. Stalk three quarters of an inch
long, slender. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, rich, and
aromatic. An American apple, which ripens well in this
country. December to May.

Northwick Pippin. See Blenheim Orange.

Nutmeg Pippin. See CocTcle Bijopin.

Oldaker's New. See Alfriston.

Old Maid's. See Knohhed Russet.

Orange Pippin. See Isle of Wight Pippin.

Oed's Apple, d. — Medium sized, conical, with promi-
nent and unequal ribs, forming ridges round the eye.
Skin smooth and shiny, light greeu^and with pale brownish

20 APPLES.

red next the sun. Eye small and closed. Stalk sliort.
I"iesli tender, crisp, and brittle ; very juicy, viuous, and
perfumed. An excellent dessert apple. January to May.

OsLiN, D. {Arhroaih P'qjpin, Mother Apple). — Medium
sized, roundish, flattened. Skin green, changing to lemon
yello^% dotted with greyish-green specks. Stalk thick
and sliort. Eye in a shallow, plaited basin. Elesh
yellowish, firm, crisp, and highly aromatic. One of the
best summer apples. August.

Owen's Golden Beauty. See Joanneting.

Ox Apple. See Gloria Micndi.

Oxford Peach. See Scarlet Pear main.

Pearmain. See Winter Pearmain.

Pearson's Plate, d. — Small, roundish, and flattened.
Skin greenish yellow, red next the sun. Ej^e open and
shallow. Stalk half an inch long. Flesh greenish yellow,
firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a fine brisk flavour.
A first-rate dessert fruit. December to March.

Pennington's Seedling, d.— Medium sized, flat, and
slightly angular. Skin covered with yellow russet, pale
brown next the sun. Stalk long, thick, and set in a wide,
irregular cavity. Eye with long segments, shallow.
Elesh yellowish, firm, crisx?, and highly flavoured. No-
vember to March.

PhilUpps' Eeinette. See Court of Wick.

Piles' E-usset, d. — Rather large, irregular. Skin pale
green, and covered with thick russet. Stalk short. Eye
closed. Flesh greenish j^ellow, firm, sugary, and aro-
matic. March and April.

Pineapple Eusset, d. — Above medium size, roundish
ovate, and angular. Skin greenish yellow, dotted with
white spots on one side, and covered with thick yellowish
russet on the other. Stalk an inch long. Eye small, set
in a shallow, plaited basin. Flesh pale yellow, crisp, very
juicy, tender, with a highly aromatic perfume. One of
the best dessert apples. September and October.

Pinner Seedling, d. {CareVs Seedling). — Isle^mm
sized, roundish ovate, and slightly angular. Skin greenish
yellow, nearly covered with' russet, and with a reddish-
brown cheek next the sun. Eye small and closed. Stalk
short. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, sugary, and brisk.
'December to April.

APPLES. 21

PiTMASTON Nonpareil, d. [Busset Coat Nonpareil). —
Medium sized, flat, compressed at the ends. Skin dull
green, covered "witli a thin yellow russet, -vTith a faint
red next the sun. Stalk short. Eye open, large, and
placed in a broad, shallow, and irregularly plaited cavity.
Flesh greenish yellow, firm, and richly aromatic. No-
vember and December.

PoMME Grise, d. — Small, roundish, or ovate. Skin
russety, with a brownish-red tinge on the side next the
sun. Eye small and open. Stalk short. Flesh yellowish,
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and aromatic. October to
February.

Portugal. See Reinette chc Canada,

Potter's Large. See Kentish Fill BasJcet.

Powell's Russet, d. — Small, roundish, flat at the ends.
Skin yellowish green, and russety. Stalk short and slender.
Eye small. Flesh pale yellow, rich, and aromatic. No-
vember to January.

Princess Noble. See Golden Beineite,

Princess Noble Zoete. See Court-pendu Plat.

Queen's Apple. See Borsdorffer.

Eavelston Pippin, d. — Medium sized, roundish, irre-
gularly shaped, and ribbed. Skin greenish yellow, covered
with red streaks. Eye closed. Stalk short and thick.
Flesh yellow, firm, sweet, and pleasantly flavoured.
August.

Eead's Baker. See Norfolh Beejing.

Hed Astrachan, d. {Anglesea Bippin). — Medium sized,
conical, and angular. Skin entirely covered with bright
red on the side next the sim ; deep yellow in the shade,
and covered with a bloom. Stalk short, deeply inserted.
Eye closed. Flesh white, and richly flavoured. Very
prolific, and an excellent dessert apple. August and
September.

Bed Quarrenden. See Devonshire Q,uarrenden.

E-ed-Streak, c.k. {Scudamore's Crah). — Medium sized,
roundish. Skin deep yellow, and streaked all over with
red. Eye small. Stalk short and slender. Flesh firm,
crisp, and rather dry.

Eeinette Blanche d'Espagne, k.d. {Colhetfs Fall
Bipjain, Fall Bippin).—'L^rge, roundish, oblong, angular.

22 APPLES.

TTitli broad ribs ; apex nearly as broad as the base. Skin,
ycllowisk green in the shade ; orange, tinged with red,
next the sun ; dotted with black. Stalk half an inch long,
set in a small cavity. Eye large, open, deeply sunk in an
irregular basin. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, tender,
and sugary. One of the largest apples, and of excellent
quality. jS"oYember to March.

Heinette du Canada, k.d. {Portugal JRusset, St. He-
lena Riissct) . — Large, conical, and flattened. Skin greenish
yellow, brown next the sun. Stalk short, inserted in a
wide hollow. Eye set in a deep, irregular basin. Elesh
white, firm, and juicy. November to May.

E-EiNETTE Geise, d. — Mcdium sized, round, and com-
pressed at both ends, rather broadest at the base. Skin
yellowish green in the shade ; dull orange, tinged with
red, next the sun ; covered with grey russet. Eye small,
set in a rather shallow, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk
short, inserted in a wide and deep cavity. Elesh yellowish
white, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a pleasant sub-
acid flavour. A dessert apple of the first quality. In
use from November to April.

Eeinette Van Mons,d. — Below medium size, flattened,
and almost oblate, having five rather obscure ribs, which
terminate in distinct ridges round the eye. Skin greenish
yellow in the shade, but with a dull and brownish-orange
tinge next the sun ; the whole surface has a thin coat-
ing of brown russet. Eye closed, set in a rather deep
depression. Stalk half an inch long. Flesh yellowish,
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and aromatic. December
to May.

Ehode Island Greening, k.d. — Large, roundish, and
compressed. Skin dark green, changing to pale green,
dullish red near the stalk, which is long, curved, and
thickest at the bottom. Eye small, closed, and sunk in
an open cavity. Flesh yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, rich,
and aromatic. November to March.

IhBSTON Pippin, d. [Glory of York, Formosa Pippin,
Iracers P/>^i>0-— Medium sized, roundish, broadest at
tlic base, irregular. Skin greenish yellow, changing when
ripe to deep yellow ; mottled and streaked with red and
russet next the sun. Stalk half an inch long, slender, set
in a wide cavity. Eye small, closed, and sunk in an irre-
gular basm. Flesh deep yellow, fine, crisp, sharp, and

ArPLEs. 23

riclily aromatic. T'le king of Englisli dessert apples.
October to May.

Hook's I^est. See Aromatic j^ussct.

Rosemary FvUsset, d. — Ivlediiini sized, ovate. Skin
yellovr, tinged witli green, tinged v.itli red on the side
next the sun, and covered -witli thiii pale brown russet.
Eye small and generally closed. Stalk ver}^ long. Elcsli
yellow, crisp, tender, very juicy, sugary, and highly
aromatic. A first-rate dessert apple. In use from De-
cember to February.

Hoss NoNPAEKiL, D. — Medium sized, roundish, narrow-
ing towards the eye. Skin covered, witli thin russet, Avith
faint red next the sun. Stalk long, slender, and deeply
inserted. Eye sot in a shallow basin. Elesh greenish
white, tender, and richly aromatic. l!^ovember to xipril.

EouxD AYixTER Nonesuch, h. — Large, roundish, and
depressed. Skin lively green, ah.v.ost entirely covered
with broken streaks and patches of fine deep red, and
thickly strewed with russcty dots; in some specimens ilic
colour extends almost entirely round the fruit in \ov.<^,
broad patches. Eye large, closed, and prominetly set on
the surface. Stalk short, deeply inserted in a funnel-
shaped cavit}^ Elcsh yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and
slightly acid. A first-rate kitchen apple. In nso from
November to February.

EoTAL Peaemain, k.d. {Hereford-sldre Pearyuain). —
Rather large, oblong, and slightly angular. Skin yel-
lowish green in the shade, and marked with russet}^ specks ;
tinged with dull red next the sun, and sometimes vv ith a
few stripes of red. Eye small and open, set in a small,
shallow basin. Stalk short, deeply inserted. Flesh yel-
lowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and particularly rich and
aromatic. In season from November to Z\Iarch.

Royal Russet, e:. {Leather coat). — Large, conical. Skin
yellowish green, covered with grey russet. Stalk short.
Eye small. Fiesli greenish white, slightly aromatic.
November to May.

Royal Somerset. See London Pljppin.

Roxbury Russet. See Boston JR.asset.

Russetcoat Nonpareil. See Pitmaston NonpareiL

Russet Golden^Pippin. Sec Golden Pi^pyin.

Russet Taele Peaemaim, d.— Below the medium size,

2i APPLES.

oblong ovate. Skin very russety, with yellowish green
shining out on the shaded side ; and orange, with a flame
of red breaking through the russet, on the side next the
sun. Eye open. Stalk half an inch long. Flesh yellow,
firm, sugary, rich, and juicy, with a ]3leasant perfume.
A first-rate dessert apple. In use from November to
February.

Russian. See Court-penclu Plat.

Hussian Emperor. See JLm^peror Alexander.

Eymee, k. — Large, roundish, regularly formed, and
angular. Skin pale yellow, tinged all over with delicate
rose, and of a deep bright red next the sun. Eye open,
placed in an irregular, angular basin, which is surrounded
by several prominent knobs. Stalk short and deepl}" in-
serted. Flesh 5^ellow, delicate, juicy, and briskly acid.
One of the best culinary apples, admirably adapted for
sauce, or for baking. In use from October to December.
Tree health^-, vigorous, and an abundant bearer.

Sack Apple. See Devonshire Quarrenden.

Sack and Sugae, d. — Below medium size, roundish,
inclining to oval, with prominent ridges round the eye.
Skiji pale yellow, with a few broken streaks of red. Eye
large and open. Stalk short. Flesh white, very tender,
and juicy, with a brisk and balsamic flavour. Early in
August.

St. Helena Eusset. See Reinette du Canada.
Sam Eawlings. See Hoary Morning.

Sa^i Young, d. {Irish Russet). — Below medium size,
roundish, compressed, and regular. Skin bright yellow,
with grey russet, and dotted with brown spots on the
yellow ground; russety red next the sun. Stalk short.
Eye large and open, set in a broad basm. Flesh greenish
yellow, tender, juicy, and richly flavoured. November
to February.

Sam's Crab. See Longvilles Kernel.

Scarlet Nonpaeeil, d.— Medium sized, roundish,
flattened, handsome, and regularly formed. Skin green,
tinged with russet ; deep red, streaked with brown, next
the sun. Stalk long and stout. Eye set in a regular,
slightly-plaited, shallow basin. Flesh firm, yellowish
white, rich, and juicy. January to March.

Scablet Peaemain, d. {fielVs Scarlet, Oxford Peach).

Library
N. C. State Colicu-e

APPLES. 25

—Medium sized, conical. Skin deep red, with yellow in
the shade ; bright crimson next the snn. Stalk long,
slender, and deeply set. Eye full and deeply sunk.
Flesh white, tinged with pink, juicy, crisp, and pleasant.
September to December.

ScEEYETON GoLDEN PiPPix, D. — Larger than the old
Golden Pippin, and little, if at all, inferior to it in flavour.
Skin yellowish, considerably marked with russet. Flesh
yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin.
December to April.

Scudamore's Crab. See 'Red-Streak.

Shepherd's Seedling. See Alfriston.

SiE Waltee Blackett's, d. [EdinhiirgJi Cluster). —
Small, roundish-oyate. Skin pale lemon yellow, very
much dotted with pale brown russet and patches of the
same, and with a faint orange tinge next the sun. Eye
small and closed. Stalk long, deeply inserted. Flesh white,
tender, juicy, and brisk, with a peculiar aroma. A first-rate
dessert apple for northern districts. jN'ovember to January.

Small's ADiiiEABLE, k.d. — Above medium size,
roundish-ovate, and flattened obtusely angular on the sides.
Skin of a uniform lemon-yellow colour. Eye small, closed,
and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk an inch long, slender.
Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, sweet, and agreeably acid,
with a delicate perfume. I^fovember and December.

SoMEESET Lasting, k. — Large, oblate, and irregular on
the sides. Skin pale yellow, streaked and dotted with a
little bright crimson. Ej^e large and open. Stalk short.
Flesh yellowish, tender, crisp, with a rough acid. Octo-
ber to February.

Sops iisr Wine, d. — Small, globular, narrow towards the
eye. Skin crimson in the shade, stained and striped with
purplish crimson next the sun; covered with white bloom.
Stalk long and slender. Eye open, set in a shallow basin.
Flesh white, stained with pink, firm, crisp, and juicy.
October to February.

Speckled Golden E-einette. See Barcelona PearmaiHy

Speckled Pearmain. See JBarcelo7ia Pearmain.

Spice Apple. See Aromatic Russet.

Speingeove Codlin, k. — Medium sized, conical, broad
at the base, and narrow at the apex. Skin greenish yel-
low, tinged with orange on the side next the sun. Eye

26 APPLES.

closed. Stalk sliort. Flesli greenisli yellow, soft, STreet,
sliglitly acid, and agreeably perfumed. An excellent
summer Idtclien apple. In use from July to October.

Spring Eibstox, d. (Baddoic Flppin). — Below medium
size, roundish, or rather oblate, ribbed on the sides, and
knobbed round tlie apex. Skin yellowish, green, covered
with dull red next the smi. Eye large and open. Stalk
very short. Flesli greenisli wliitc, crisp, juicy, sugary,
with an aromatic flavour. A flrst-rate dessert apple.
November to May.

Stagg's Nonpareil. See Early Nonpareil.

Stamfoed Pippin, d.k. — Large, roundish, inclining to
ovate. Skin yellow, with a slight tinge of orange on one
side. Eye small and half open. Stalk short. Eiesh
yellowish, firm, but quite tender, crisp, and very juicy,
with a sweet, brisk flavour, and pleasant aroma. De-
cember to ]\Iarch.

Stettin Pippin. See Dutch Mignonne.

Steiped 13eefing, k. — Large, roundish, and somewhat
flattened. Skin green, changing to greenish yellow, and
almost entirely covered with broken streaks and patches
of red. Eye large and open. Stalk rather short, deeply
inserted. Elcsh yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly
acid. A very fine culinary apple. In use from October
to May.

Striped Holland Pippin. See Lincolnshire Holland
Pippin.

Striped Joannetiug. See Margaret,

Striped Quarrenden. See Margaret.

Stuemer PipriN, D.— Medium sized, roundish, and
flattened. Skin yellowish green, and brownish red next
the sun. Eye small and closed. Stalk long and straight.
hlesh yellow, firm, brisk, sugary, and richly flavoured.
January to June.

Sudlow's Fall. See FranUins Golden Pippin.

SuGAELOAF Pippin, k.— Medium sized, oblong. Skin
fine light yellow, dotted with green ; becoming almost
white when fully ripe. Eye small. Stalk long. Elesh
whitish, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a pleasant, sweet,
a:Kl sub-acul flavour. Eipe in August.

SuMiiEE Golden Pippin, d._ Below medium size.

APPLES.

ovate, and flattened at tlie ends. SHn pale yellow in tlie
sliade, tiuged with, orange and brownish red next the snn.
Eye open. Stalk thick and short. Flesh yellowish, firm,
very juicj'', with a rich vinous and sugary flavour. A
delicious, early dessert apple. End of August.

Summer Nonpareil. See Early Nonpariel.

Sr:-iiiER Peae3j:ai2>", d. (Aniumn Pear main). — Medium
sized, conical. Skin rich yellow, thickly dotted with brown
dots in the shade, and striped and mottled with orange
and bright red next the sun. Eye small. Stalk short,
fleshy at the base, at its union with the fruit. Elesh yel-
lowish white, crisp, and richly perfumed. October to
January.

SuMMEB Steawbeert, d. — Below medium size, oblate,
even, and regularly formed. Skin smooth and shining,
striped all over with yellow and red stripes. Eye not
at all depressed, surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long. Flesh white, tender,
juicy, briskly and pleasantly flavoured. September.

Sweeny Nonpareil, k. — Above medium size, roundish-
ovate. Skin bright green and russety, sometimes with a
tinge of brown next the sun. Eye small and half open.
Stalk long. Flesh greenish white, firm, crisp, and power-
fully acid. An excellent sauce apple. January to April.

Sye:ehouse Eusset, d.— Small, roundish, compressed.
Skin greenish yellow and russety in the shade, brownish
red next the sun. Eye open, deeply sunk. Flesh greenish
yellow, and richly flavoured. An excellent apple, and
deserves general cultivation. November to February.

Thorle Pippin. See Whorle Pi^jpin.

Toker's Incomparable, e:. — Large, ovate, broad, and
flattened at the base. Skin yellowish green, with a tinge
of red next the sun, and a few crimson streaks. Eye
large, nearly closed. Stalk very short. Flesh yellowish,
firm, crisp, tender, juicy, with a pleasant acid. November
to Christmas.

Tower of G-lammis, e. (Carse of Goivrie). — Large,
conical, and distinctly four-sided. Skin deep sulphur
yellow. Eye closed and deeply set. Stalk an inch long,
deeply inserted. Flesh greenish white, very juicy, crisp,
brisk, and perfumed. November to February.

Transparent Pippin. See Court of Wick.

28 APPLES.

Travers' Pippin. See Rihston Pipinn,

Tulip, d. — Below medium size, ovato-conical. Skin,
all over deep red, except on tlie shaded side, where it is
golden yellow. Eye open. Stalk short. Flesh greenish
yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and sub-acid. Kovember to
April.

Wadhuest Pippin, k. — Above medium size, sometimes
large, conical, and angular. Skin yellow, and mottled
with brownish red on the side next the sun. Eye closed
and deeply set. Stalk short and stout. Flesh yellowish,
crisp, juicy, and briskly flavoured. October to February.

"SYalmer Court. See Northern Greening.

"VYaltham Abbey Seedling. See Golden Noble.

Warter's Golden Pippin. See Golden Pippin.

"Warwickshire Pippin. See Wi/ken Pippin.

Week Pearmain. See Wic/cham's Pearmain.

Weeks' Pippin. See Court of WicJc.

Wellington. See Dumeloio's Seedling.

Wiieelee's Eusset, d. — Medium sized, roundish, com-
pressed, and irregular. Skin pale russet in the shade,
bright brown next the sun. Stalk short. Eye small.
Flesh greenish white, firm, and brisk flavoured. iNo-
vember to April.

White Astrachan, d. — Medium sized, conical. Skin
pale yellow, or almost white, with faint streaks of red next
the sun. Stalk thick and short. Eye small. Eemarkable
for the transparency of its flesh. August and September.

White Paradise, d. {Ladys Finger, Egg Apple). —
Medium sized, oblong. Skin smooth, fine deep yellow,
marked with broken streaks and dots of red. Eye open.
Stalk an inch long. Flesh yellowish, tender, crisp,
sugary, and pleasantly flavoured. October.

_ WnoRLE Pippin, d. {Thorle Pippin),— Below medium
size, oblate. Skin smooth, shining, and glossy, entirely
covered with fine bright crimson, except where shaded,
and then it is clear yellow. Eye large, half open, and
frequently rent. Stalk very short. Flesh yellowish white,
firm, crisp, very juicy, with a pleasant, refreshing flavour.
August.

^ Wickham's Pearmain, d. (Wee Jc Pear maiji).— Medium
sized, conical. Skin yellow, and almost entirely covered

APPLES. 29

with briglit red next the sun. Eye half open. Stalk half
an inch long. Flesh greenish yellow, tender, crisp, juicy,
sugary, and highly flavoured. October to December.

WiNTEE CoDLiN, K. — Large, conical, five-sided, and
ribbed. Skin smooth, yellowish green, and sometimes
with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye very large and
open. Stalk very short. Flesh greenish white, tender,
juicy, sweet, and sub-acid. September to February.

WiNTEE CoLMAN,K.(iVb?/oZ^ Colman, Novfolh Storhig).
— Large, round, and much flattened at both ends. Skin
pale yellow, spotted with red on the shaded side, and
lively red next the sun. Eye small and open. Stalk
short and deeply inserted. Flesh firm, crisp, and briskly
acid. An excellent culinary apple. From J^Tovember to
March.

Winter Greening. See French Crah.

WiNTEE Majetin, k. — Large, roundish, terminated at
the apex by five prominent crowns. Skin green, tinged
with dull red on the side next the sun. Eye small and
closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk
long and slender. Flesh greenish white, firm, and of an.
agreeable acid flavour. This is a very desirable culinary
apple. In season from November to March. The tree
is a very prolific bearer.

WiNTEE PEAEiiAiN, K.T). {Old Pearmain). — Large,
conical, somewhat five-sided towards the crown. Skin
smooth and shining ; greenish yellow on the shaded side,
but covered with deep red and red streaks next the sun.
Eye large and open. Stalk short. Flesh yellowish, firm,
crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavour.
December to April.

"Winter Steaw^beeey, k.d. — Medium sized, round.
Skin yellow, striped with red. Eye prominent, sur-
rounded with plaits. Stalk about an inch long, inserted
in a shallow cavity. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, briskly
acid, and with a pleasant aroma. November to March.

WiNTEE Qi'oixiNG, K.D. {Winter Queening). — Medium
sized, abrupt-conical, five-sided, and angular at the a])ex.
Skin pale yellow, almost entirely covered with red. Eye
small and closed. Stalk half an inchloug. Flesh greenish
yellow, tender, sweet, and perfumed. November to May.

Wollaton Pippin. Court-^pendu Flat.

3ft APPLES.

"VYoocVs Huntingdon. See Court of Wich.

Woodstock Pippin. Se3 Blenheim Orange.

WoRMSLEY PiPPix, K.D. {luiigJifs CocIUii).— 'Medium
sized, roundisli, narrow towards the eye. Skin pale
green, becoming deeper towards the sun, and marked
■vvitli dark specks. Stalk an inch long, deeply set. Eye
deeply sunk, placed in a plaited basin. Flesh ^Yhite,
crisp, and highly flavoured. September and October.

Wygers. See Golden Bcinctte.

AVyken Pippin, d. {Arlej/, GirJchi Pir)pin, Warii-ick-
shire Pijjpin). — Small, roundish, and compressed. Skin
pale yellowish green, with dull orange next the sun. Stalk
short. Eye small. Flesh greenish j'ellow, tender, very
juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. December to April-

Wyker Pippin. See Golden Beinettc.

Yellow Harvest. See Earlij Harvest.

YoRKsniFvE Geeening, k. (Coafes'. Yorhshire Goose
Sauce). — Large, roundish, irregular, and flattened. Skin
dark green, striped with dull red next the sun. Stalk
short and thick. Eye closed. Flesh white, and pleasantly
acid. One of the best kitchen apples. October to January.

LISTS OF SELECT APPLES,

ADAPTED TO YAEIOUS LATITTDES OF GEEAT BEITAIN.

I. SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND,

AKD NOT EXTE^'DI^-G PUETHER KOETU T^A^' THE EH'EB TEEKT.

1. SuMMEE Apples.

Desseet. Sack and Sugar

Borovitsky Summer Golden Pippin
Devonshire Quarrendeu Eitchex.

Early HaiTest Carlisle Codlin

Early Julien Duchess of Oldenhurgh

Insli Poach Keswick CodHn

Joanneting Lord Suffield

Ecrry Pippin Manks Codlin

Margaret Springrove Codlin

APPLES.

31

2. Autumn Apples.

Desseet.
Adams' Peai-main
Araevican Mother Apple
BorsdOrlTei'
Blenheim Pippin
Ciaygate Pearmain
Coe's G-olden Drop
Cornish Aromatic
Court of Wick
Cox's Orange Pippin
Downton Pippin
Early Xonpareil
Fearn's Pippin
Frankhn's (jolden Pippin
Golden Pippm
Grolden Peinette
Groiden Winter Pearmain
Lucombe's Pine
Margil
Melon Apple
Nanny

Pine Apple Eussct
Hibston Pippin
Sjkehouse Eusset
Red luges trie
Eeinette Van Mons

White Ingestrie

KiTCHEjS".

Bedfordshire Foundling
Cellini

Cox's Pomona
Emperor Alexander
Flower of Xenfc
Forge

Gloria Mundi
Golden Koble
Greenup's Pippin
Harvey Apple
Hawthornden
Hoary Morning
Kentish Fill Basket
Lemon Pippin
Mere de Menage
Nelson Codlin
Nonesuch
Tower of Glammis
Wadhurst Pippin
Winter Quoining
Wormsley Pippin
Yorkshire Greenins

3. Winter Apples.

De33ERT.

Ashmead's Kernel
Barcelona Pearmain
Boston Eusset
Braddick's Nonpareil
Ciaygate Pearmain
Cockle Pippin
Cornish GilUflower
Court-pendu Plat
Downton Nonpareil
Di'cdge's Fame
Datcli Mignonne
Golden Harvey
Golden Eusset
Hughes' Golden Pippin
Hubbard's Peai'main
Kcddleston Pippin
Lamb Abbey Pearmain

Maclean's Favourite
Maunington's Pearmain
Nonpareil
Ord's Apple
Peai'son's Plate
Pinner Seedling
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Eoss Nonpareil
Eusset Table Pearmain
"Sam Young
Spring Eibston
Sturmer Pippin
Wyken Pippin

Kitchen.

Alfriston
Beauty of Kent
Bess Pool

32

APPLES.

Brabant Bellefleur
Erownlccs' Kusset
Dumclow's Seedlmg
French Crab
Gooseberry Apple
Hambledon Deux Aiis
Hanwell Souring
Minciiall Crab
Norfolk Beefing
Norfolk Colman

Norfolk Stone Pippin
Nortliern Greening
Heinette Blanche d'Espagne
Bhode Island Greening
Round "Winter Konesuch
Eojal Pcarmain
Eoyal Russet
Striped Beefing
Winter Majetin
Winter Pearmain

II. NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND,

EXTENDING PEOM THE EIVEE TEENT TO THE EITER TYKE.

1. Sr:!j:MER Apples.

Desseet.
DcYonshirc Quarrenden
Early Harvest
Irish Peach
Joanneting
Kerry Pippin
Margaret
Oslin

Whorle

XlTCHEX.

Carlisle Codlin
Keswick Codlin
Lord Suffield
Manks Codlin
Nonesuch
Springrove Codlin

2. Autumn Apples.

Desseet.

Borsdorffer
Downton Pippin
Early Nonj^areil
Eranklin's Golden Pippin
Golden ]\Ionday
Golden Winter Pcarmain
Red Ingestric
Ribston Pippin
Stamford Pijipin
Summer Pcarmain
Wormsley Pippin

Yellow Ingestrie

Kitchen.

Cellini

Emperor Alexander

Gloria Mundi

Greenup's Pippin

Hawthornden

Lemon Pippin

Mere de ]\lcnage

Nelson Codlin

Nonesuch

Tower of Glammis

3, W^iNTER Apples.

Desseet.
Adams' Pearmain
Barcelona Pearmain
Bess Pool
Braddick's Nonpareil

Claygate Pearmain
Cockle Pij^pin
Court of Wick
Court-pendu Plat
Golden Pippin

APPLES.

o:S

Desseet.
Golden Reinette
Iveddleston Pippin
Margil
Nonpareil

Pitmaston Nonpareil
Koyal Pearmain
Scai-let Nonpareil
Sturmer Pippin
Sjkehouse Eusset

Kitchen.
Alfriston

Bedfordshire Foundling
Blenheim Pippin
Dumelow's Seedling
French Crab
Mere de Menage
Nelson Codlin
Northern Greening
Bound Winter Nonesuch
Yorkshii'e Greening

III. BOEDER COUNTIES oe ENGLAND axd SCOTLAND,

AND THE WAEM AND SHELTEEED SITUATIONS IN OTHER

paets of scotland.
1. Summer and Autumn Apples.

Desseet.
Bess Pool
Cellini

Devonshire Quarrenden
Early Julien
Federal Pearmain
Golden Monday
Greenup's Pippin
Grey Leadiugton
Irish Peach
Kerry Pippin
Margaret
Nonesuch
Oslin

Eavelston Pippin
Eed Astrachan
Red Ingestrie

Sir Walter Blackett's
Summer Pearmain
Summer Strawberry
White Paradise
Whorle

Woi-msley Pippin
Yellow Ingestrie

Kitchen.

Carlisle Codlin
Dutch Codlin
Hawthornden
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Nelson Codlin
Springrove Codhn

2. Winter Apples.
Tliose mai'Jced * rtrqidre a wall.

Desseet.
*Adams' Pearmain
♦Barcelona Pearmain

Bess Pool
*Braddick's Nonpareil

Court of Wick
*Downton Pippin

■•^Golden Pippin

♦ Golden Eusset

*Margil

♦Nonpareil

♦Pearson's Plate

*Penniugton's Seedlirsg

*Eibstou Pippin

:u

APPLES.

•Scarlet Noupareil
"Sturmer Pippin

Sykehouse Russet

^V'yken Pippin

Kitchen.
Bedfordshire Foundling
Brabant Bellefleur

Dumelow's Seedling
French Crab
Kojal Russet
Rymer

Tower of Glammis
Winter Pearmain
Winter Strawberry
Yorkshii'O Greening

lY. NORTHERN PARTS OF SCOTLAND,

AND OTHEE EXPOSED SITUATIONS IX ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND.

1. Summer and Autumn Apples.
Those marJced * require a wall.

Desseet.
Devonshire Quarrenden
Early JiJien
Kerry Pippin
Nonesuch
♦Ravelston Pippin

Summer Strawberry

Kitchen.
Carlisle Codlin
Hawthornden
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin

2. Winter Apples.

Dessert. Kitchen.

♦Golden Russet French Crab

Grey Leadington Tower of Glammis

*^I^i-gil Yorkshire Greening

Winter Strawberry

Y. FOR ESPALIERS, OR DWARFS.
These succeed well when grafted on the Paradise or Doucin stock ;
and, from their small habit of growth, are well adapted for
that mode of cultiu-e.

Adams' Pearmain
American Mother Apple
Ashmead's Kernel
Borovitski
-Boston Russet
Braddick's Nonpareil
Cellini
Christie's Pippin

Claygate Pearmain
Cockle Pippin
Coe's Golden Drop
Cornish GilHflower
Court of Wick
Court-p->ndu Plat
Cox's Ci'ange Pippin
Downton Pippm

APPLES.

35

Dutch Mignonne
Early Harvest
Early Julien
Early Nonpareil
Franklin's Golden Pippin
Golden Harvey
Golden Pippin
Golden Reinette
Golden Eusset
Hawthorn den
Holbert's Yictoria
Hubbard's Pearmaiu
Hughes' Golden Pippin
Irish Peach
Isle of Wight Pippin
Joanneting
Keddleston Pippin
Keri'y Pippin
Keswick Codlin
Lamb Abbey Pearmain
Lucombe's Pine
Maclean's Eavourite
Manks Codlin
Manniugton's Pearmain

Margaret
Margil
Melon Apple
Nanny
Nonesuch
Nonpareil
Osim

Pearson's Plate
Pennington's Seedling'
Pine Apple Eusset
Pinner Seedling
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Eed Ingestrie
Eeinette Yan jMons
Eoss Nonpareil
Eusset Table Pearmain
Sam Young
Scarlet Nonpareil
Scarlet Pea.'main
Stiu'mer Pippin
Summer Golden Pippin
Summer Pearmain
Sykehouse Eusset
Y^ellov/ Ingestrie

YI. FOE OECHAED PLANTING AS STANDAED3.
These are generally strong-growing or productive varieties, the
fruit of which being mostly of a large size, or showy appear-
ance, they are, on that account, well adapted for orchard
planting, to supply the markets.

Alfriston

Barcelona Pearmain
Beauty of Kent
Bedfordshire Foundling
Bess Pool
Blenheim Pippin
Brabant Belletleur
Brownlees' Eusset
Celhni

Cox's Pomona
Devonshire Quarrenden
Duchess of Oldenburgh
Dumelow's Seedhug
Dutch Codlin

Emperor Alexander

English Codlin

Fearn's Pippin

Flower of Kent

Forge

French Crab

Gloria Mundi

Golden Noble

Golden "Winter Pearmain

Gooseberry Apple

Hambledon Deux Ans

Hanwell Souring

Harvey Apple

Hoai-y Morning

36

APPLES.

Hollanclbury

Kentisli Fill Basket

Kerry Pippin

Keswick Codlin

Lemon Pippin

Lewis' Incomparable

London Pippin

Longvilles' Kernel

Manks Codlin

Margaret

M^re de Menage

M inch all Crab

Minier's Dumpling

Nelson Codlin

Norfolk Bearer

Norfolk Beefing

Northern Greening

Eeinette Blanche d'Espagne

EeincLte du Canada
Rhode Island Greening
Bound Winter Nonesuch
Eoyal Peavmain
Royal Russet
Rymer

Small's Admirable
Striped Beefing
Toker's Incomparable
Tower of Glammis
Winter Codlin
Winter Colman
Winter Majetin
Winter Pearmain
Winter Quoining
Wormsley Pippin
Wyken Pippin
Yorkshire Greenings

37

APRICOTS.

SYNOPSIS OF APRICOTS.

I. KEENELS BITTER.

* Bach of the stone imjJervlous.

A. Freestones. Shipley's

Brussels White Masc-ulina
Large Early
Pine Apple

Red Masculine ^- Clingstones,

Eomau Black

Royal Montgainet

St. Ambroise Portugal

** Bach of the stone pervious (i).

Alsace Mooi-park

Hemskerk Peach

Large Red Yiard

II. KEENELS STVEET.

A. Freestones. Turkey

Angoumois Proveuce
Breda
Kaisha B- Clingstones.

Musch Muscli Orange

Alberge de Montgamet. See Montgamet.

D'Alexandrie. See Musch Musch.

Alsace. — This is a variety of tlie Moorpark, and is of
a very large size, with a rich and juicy flavour ; and the
tree, unlike the others of the race, is vigorous and hardy,
and does not die off in branches, as the Moorpark does.

Amande Aveline. See Breda.

(1) The bony substance at the back of the stone is pervious by i
passage, through which a pin may be passed from one end to the other.

38 APEICOTS.

Angoumois {Violet ; A}}jou; Bouge), — Small, oval, flat-
tened at the apex, and marked on one side with a shallow
suture, the sides of which are raised. 6kin clear, deep
yellow on the shaded side, but dark rusty brown on the
side next the sun. Flesh deep orange, juicy, and melt-
ing, separating from the stone ; rich, sugary, and briskly
flavoured ; but, when highly ripened, charged with a fine
aroma. Back of the stone impervious. IC^rnel sweet.
End of July,

Ananas. See Pine Apple.
Anjou. See Angoumois.
Anson's. See MoorparJc.
Aveline. See Breda.

Black {yoir ; Finple). — About the size and shape of
a small Orleans plum, to which it bears some resemblance.
Skin of a deep black-purple colour next the sun, but
paler on the shaded side, and covered with delicate down.
Flesh pale red, but darker near the stone ; juicy, but
tasteless and insipid, and quite worthless to eat. Stono
small, impervious on the back. Kernel bitter. Eipe iu
the beginning of xiugust.

Blanc. See White Masculine.

Blenheim. See Shiplei/s.

Breda {Aveline; Antancle Aveline). — Rather small,
roundish, compressed on the sides, and sometimes entirely
four-sided. Skin deep orange, dotted Arith brown spots
next tlie sun. Suture well defined. Flesh deep orange,
rich, highly flavoured, and free. Stone small, roundish,
impervious on the back. Kernel sweet, with the flavour
of a hazel-nut. End of August.

Brussels.— Medium sized, rather oval, flattened on
the sides. Skin pale yellow, dotted with white j red, in-
terspersed with dark spots, next the sun. Suture deep
next the stalk, diminishing towards the apex. Flesh
yellow, firm, brisk flavoured, and free. Stone small
impervious on the back. Kernel bitter. The best to
cultivate as a standard. Middle of August.

Common. See Eoman.

Crotte. See Montgamet.

Dunmore's. See MoorparJc.

Early Orange. See Portugal. '

APBICOTS. 39

Gros d'Alexandrie. See Large Earli/.

Gros Commun. See Roman.

Gros PecKe. See Peach,

Gros Precoce. See Tiarge JSarly,

Gros Houge. See Large Med.

Hemskerk. — Rather large, round, flattenea on tlie
sides. Skin orange, reddish, next the sun. Suture dis-
tinct, higher on one side than the other. Plesh bright
orange, tender, rich, and juicy, separating from the stone.
Stone small, pervious on the back. Kernel bitter. This
very much resembles, and, according to some, equals, the
Moorpark. The tree is certainly hardier than that variety.
End of July and beginning of August.

Hunt's Moorpark. See Moorparh,

Kaisha. — Medium sized, roundish, marked with a
suture, Avhich is deep towards the stalk, and gradually
diminishes towards the apex, which is pitted. Skin pale-
lemon coloured on the shaded side, and tinged and mottled
with red next the sun. Flesh transparent, separating
freely from the stone, clear pale yellow, tender, and
very juicy, sugary, and richly flavoured. Stone small,
roundish. Xernel sweet. Middle of August.

Large Early {Precoce cVEsperen ; Gros Precoce ;
Ch'os d' Alexandrie ; De St. Jean; Precoce d'Hongyne).
— Above the medium size, rather oblong, and flattened
on the sides. Skin pale orange on the shaded side ;
bright orange, and spotted with red, next the sun ; slightly
downy. Suture deep. Flesh deep orange, rich, juicy,
separating from the stone, which is very flat, oval, sharp
at the point, and impervious on the back. Kernel bitter.
End of July and beginning of August.

Large Eed {Gros Bouge). — This is a variety of the
Peach apricot, and of a deeper colour than that variety.
It is large, and of a deep orange-red colour. The flesh
is rich and juicy, and separates freely from the stone.
Stone pervious along the back. Kernel bitter. ^ The tree
is said, by Mr. Eivers, who introduced this variety, to be
hardier than the Moorpark.

MoNTGAMET {Crotte ; Alherge de Montgamet). — Of
small size, oval, somewhat compressed on the sides, and
marked with a shallow suture. Skin pale yellow, with
a slight tinge of red on the side next the sun. Flesh

10 APEICOTS.

yellowish, firm, adherinEj to the stone, juicy, and agree-
ably acid ; but when well ripened it is highly perfumed.
Stone impervious, roundish. Kernel bitter. Eipe in the
end of July ; and generally used for preserving.

MooEPAEK [Ayisons ; Dunmores ; Sunfs Moorparh ;
Oldalcers M'oorparlc ; Sudloio's Moorparh ; Temple s).—
Large, roundish, more swollen on one side of the suture
than the other. Skin pale yellow on the shaded side, and
deep orange, or brownish red, next the sun, and marked
with dark specks. Flesh bright orange, firm, juicy, and
of rich luscious flavour ; separating from the stone, which
is rough and pervious on the back. Kernel bitter. End
of August and beginning of September.

MuscH MuscH (D'Alexandrie). — Small, almost round,
and slightly compressed. Skin deep yellow ; orange red
next the sun. Flesh yellow, remarkably transparent,
tender, melting, and the sweetest of all apricots. Stone
impervious. Kernel sweet. Excellent for preserving.
!Ripe in tlie end of July.

De Nancy. See Peach.

JSToir, See Black.

Oldaker's Moorpark. See Moorparh.

Peach {Peche ; Gros PecJie ; De Nancy ; De Wi7^tem-
herg ; Royal Peach). — Large, oval, and flattened, marked
with a deep suture at the base, which gradually diminishes
towards the apex. Skin pale yellow on the shaded side,
and a slight tinge of red next the sun. Flesh reddish
yellow, very delicate, juicy, and sugary, with a rich and
somewhat musky flavour. Stone large, flat, rugged, and
pervious along the back. Kernel bitter. This is quite
distinct from the Moorpark, now cultivated under that
name ; and is, doubtless, the parent of all the varieties so
called. It may always be distinguished from the Moor-
park by nurserymen ; for, while the Moorpark may be
budded freely on the common plum stock, the Peach
apricot will only take on the Muscle stock. Eipe the
end of August and beginning of September.

Peche. See Peach.

Pine Apple (Ananas).— Large, roundish, and flattened,
and marked with a rather shallow suture. Skin thin and
delicate, of a deep golden yellow on the shaded side, but
with a highly-coloured red cheek where exposed to the

APEICOTS. 41

gun, and speckled with large and small red specks. The
flesh is reddish yellow, tender, but somewhat firm ; never
becomes mealy, but is juicy, and with a rich pine-apple
flavour. Stone oval and three-ribbed, and impervious
along the back. Kernel bitter. Ripens in the middle of
August.

Portugal {Early Orange). — ^Very small, resembling,
in shape and size, the Ked Masculine. It is round, and
divided on one side by a deep suture. Skin pale yellow on
the shaded side, and deep yellow, tinged with red, and
marked with brown and red russet spots on the side next
the sun. Flesh deep j^ellow, tender, melting, with a rich
sugary and musky flavour ; adhering somewhat to the
stone. Stone almost round, impervious along the back.
Kernel bitter. Eipe in the beginning and middle of
August.

Precoce d'Esperen. See Large Early.

Precoce d'Hongrie. See Large Early.

Purple. See Blach.

Eed Masculine. — Small, roundish. Skin bright yel-
low on the shaded side ; deep orange, spotted with dark
red, next the sun. Suture well defined. Flesh yellow,
juicy, and musky. Stone thick, obtuse at the ends, im-
pervious along the back. Kernel bitter. July.

Roman {Common). — Above medium size, oblong, sides
compressed. Skin pale yellow, with rarely a few red
spots next the sun. Suture scarcely perceptible. Flesh
dull yellow, soft, and dry, separating from the stone, and
possessing a sweet and agreeable acid juice, that makes
it desirable for preserving. Stone oblong, impervious.
Kernel bitter. Middle of August.

Houge. See Angoumois.

Royal. — Large, oval, and slightly compressed. Skin
dull yellow, tinged with red where exposed. Suture
shallow. Flesh pale orange, firm, juicy, rich, and vinous,
separating from the stone. Stone large and oval, im-
pervious. Kernel bitter. An excellent apricot, and little
inferior to the Moorpark. Beginning of August.

Royal Orange. — Above medium size, roundish, one
side swelling more than the other. Skin pale orange in
the shade ; "deep orange, tinged with red, next the sun.
Suture well defined, deep towards the stalk. Flesh deep

42 4.PBTC0TS.

orange, firm, and adhering to tlie stone, wHcli is small,
smooth, thick, and impervious Kernel sweet. Middle
of August.

Koyal Peach. See PeacJu

St. Ambeoise. — This is a large, early apricot, almost
the size of the Moorpark. It is compressed, of a deep
yellow colour, reddish next the sun. Flesh juicy, rich,
and sugary. Hipe the middle of August. The tree is
said to be very vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer.

De St. Jean. See Large Early.

Shipley's {BlenJicim) . — Large, oval. Skin deep yellow.
Flesh yellow, tolerably rich and juicy. Stone roundish,
and impervious. Kernel bitter. Yery productive and
early, but not so rich as the Moorpark. End of July
and beginning of August.

Sudiow's Moorpark See MoorjparTc.

Tardive d'Oeleans. — This is a late variety, ripening
a fortnight after the Moorpark.

Temple's See Moorjparh,

Turkey. — Medium size, nearly round, not compressed.
Skin deep yellow; brownish orange next the sun, and
sjjotted. Flesh pale yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, and plea-
santly sub-acid, separating from the stone. Stone large,
rugged, and impervious. Kernel sweet. Middle of
August.

ViAED. — This, according to Mr. E-ivers, is an early
variety of the Peach apricot, with rich, juicy flesh. The
tree is hardy.

Violet. See Angoumois.

White Masculine {Blanche). — Small, round, and
somewhat compressed at both ends. Skin covered with
a fine white down; pale yellow, tinged with brownish
red, next the sun, and dull white in the shade. Flesh
pale yellow, adhering in some degree to the stone ; fine
and delicate, juicy, sugary, and excellent. Kernel bitter.
Eipe the end of July.

De Wirtemberg. See Feach.

APKICOTS.

LIST OF SELECT APEICOTS.
L EOR THE SOUTHEEN" COUIsTIES OF ENGLAND

EXTENDI^S^G AS TAB NOETH AS THE EITER TEE2iT.

For Walk

J,

Heiuskerk
Kaisha
Large Early
Lai-ge Red
Moorpark

Peach
Pine Apple
Eoval
Shipley's
Turkey

For Standa)

•ds.

Breda
Brussels

Moorpark
Turkey

II. FOE THE NOETHEEN COUNTIES OF ENGLAND,

EXTE^DIXG FEOil THE TEE2;T TO THE TXKE.

Breda Eed Masculine

Brussels Eoman

Hemskerk Eoyal Orange

Moorpark Shipley's

III.BOEDEE COUNTIES or ENGLAND and SCOTLAND,

A^'D OTHEE EAYOIJEABIE SITUATIONS IN SCOTLAND.

Breda Eed Masculine

Brussels Eoman

Hemskerk Eoyal Orange

ly. VAEIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOE PEESEEVING.

Kaisha Peach

Moorpark Eoman

Musch Musch Turkey

u

BERBERftlES.

Beebebries, though not cultivated to any extent, ma
be enumerated among the British fruits. The Commois
Beebebey is found wild in hedgerows, and is also some-
times grown in shrubberies, both as an ornamental plant,
and for its fruit, which is preserved in sugar, for use in
the dessert. The best variety to cultivate for that pur-
pose is the following, but it is difficult to be obtained
true.

Stoneless Beebebey. — A variety of the Common Ber-
berry, without seeds. This character is not assumed
till the shrub has become aged ; for young suckers, taken
from an old plant of the true variety, very frequently, and
indeed generally, produce fertile fruit during the early
years of their growth ; it is, therefore, necessary to be
assured that the plants were taken from an aged stock,
in which the stoneless character had been manifested, to
be certain that the variety is correct.

^

CHERRIES.

SYNOPSIS OF CHERRIES,

Tit tlie following arrangement I have endeavoured to classify
all those varieties of cherries that are most nearly allied to each
other, for the purpose of facihtating their identification.

All the varieties of cultivated cherries will be found to consist
of eight races, into which I have arranged them : — I. The sweet,
heart-shaped cherries, with tender and dark-coloured flesh, I have
called Black-Geaxs. II. The pale- coloured, sweet cherries, with
tender, light yellow, and translucent flesh and skin, I have distin-
guished by the name of Ambee-Geans, as at once expressive of
their character. III. Here we have the dark-coloured, sweet
cherries, with somewhat of the Bigarreau character. Their flesh
is not so firm and crackling as that of the Bigai'reaus, but con-
siderably harder than in the Black Geans, and these I propose to
call Heakts. TV. Includes the Bigaeeeatjs, properly so called,
with light-coloured mottled skin, and hard, crackling flesh.
Y. These are called Dukes, as they include all those so wel!
known under that name. YI. Embraces all those nearly allied
to the Dukes, but with pale-red skin, translucent skin and flesh,
and uncoloured juice ; they are, therefore, distinguished as Ked-
DuKES. YII. Includes all those, the trees of which have long,
slender, and pendent shoots, and dark-coloured fruit, with
acid, coloured juice, and appropriately termed Moeellos ;
and Ylll. I Irnve called Kentish, as it includes all those
pale-red, acid varieties, of which the Kentish cherry is the
type.

The advantages of such an arrangement and nomenclature are,
that they not only facilitate identification, but assist description
and interchange of ideas. If, for instance, a new cherry is in-
troduced, and it is said to belong to the Ked-Dukes, we know at
once that it has some affinity with those famihar varieties Belle
de Choisy and Carnation ; or if it be a Morello, we know it is a
dark-fleshed, acid cherr)' ; while if we are told it is a Kentish,
then we know it is a pale-fleshed, acid variety j and so with all
the other divisions.

I. GEANS.

Branches rigid and spreading, forming roimd-headed trees.
Leaves long, waved on the margin, thin and flaccid, and feebly
supported on the footstalks. Flowers large, and opening loosely.

46 CHEIIKIES.

with tliin, flimsy, obovate, or roimdisli-ovate, petala. Fruit heart-
shaped, or nearly so. Juice sweet.

§ Fruit ohiuse heart-sJiaped. Flesh tender and melting.
* Flesh darJj ; juice coloured. — Black-Geaxs.

Baumaiin's May Knight's Early Black

Black Engle Luke Ward's

Early Purple Gean Osceola

Hog|,^'s Black Geau Waterloo

Joc-o-sot Werder's Early Black

** Flesh ^ale I juice uncoloiired. — Ambee-Geans.

Amber Gean Hogg's Bed Gean

American Doctor Manning's Mottled

Belle d'Orleans Ohio Beauty

Delicate Sparhawk's Honey

Do\vnei-'s Late Transparent Gean
Early Amber

§§ Fruit Jieart-sliaped. Fleshhalf-tender,Jirm,or cracJcling.
*^ Flesh darks juice coloured. — Heaets.
Black Hawk Monstrous Heart

Black Heart Ox-Heart

Black Tartarian Pontiac

Brant Powhattan

Biittner'g Black Heart Tecumseh

Corone Tradescant's Heart

Logan

** Flesh i^ale ', juice uncoloured. — Bigaeeeavs.

Adams' Crown Florence

Belle Agathe Governor Wood

Bigarreau Keimicott

Bigarreau de Hildesheim Lady Southampton's

Bigarreau de Hollande Late Bigarreau

Bigarreau Napoleon Mammoth

Bowyer's Early Heart Mary

Eiittner's Yellow Bed' Jacket

Cleveland Bigarreau Eockport Bigarreau

Downton Tardive de Mans

Gascoigne's Heart Tobacco-Leaved

Harrison's Heart White Heart

Early Prolific White Tartarian
Elton

II. GEIOTTES.
Branches either upright, spreading, or more or less lon^r,
Blender, and drooping. Leaves flat, dark green, glabrous under.

s>

CHEERIES. 47

ueath, and borne stiffly on the leafstalks ; large and broad in §,
and small and narrow in §§. Flowers in pedunculate umbels,
cup-shaped, with firm, stiff, and crumpled orbicular petals. Eruit
round or oblate, sometimes, as in the Morello, incliiiing to heart-
Bhaped. Juice sub-acid or acid.

§ Branches upright^ occasionally spreading. Leaves large

and broad.
* Flesh dark ; juice coloured. — DuKES.

Ai'chduke Jeffreys' Duke

Bdttner's October May Duke

Duchesse de Palluau Eoyal Duke

Griotte de Chaux De Soissons

** Flesh pale ; juice imcoloured. — E-ed-DukES.

BeUe de Choisy G<i,eat Cornelian

Belle Magnifique t> ■ rr ^

n 4.- ^ Heme Hortense

(Jarnation

Coe's Late Carnation I^ate Duke

§§ Branches long, sle^ider, and drooping. Leaves small
and narroiv.

* Flesh darh t juice coloured. — jMoeellos.
Double Natte Ostheim

Early May t? f fi

Griotte de Kleparow liatana

Morello Shannon Morello

^* Flesh pale ; juice uncoloured. — Kentish.

All Saints Gros Gobet

Cluster Kentish

Elemish Paramdam

Adams' Ceown. — Medium sized, obtuse heart -sliaped,
and sliglitly compressed on one side. Skin pale red,
mottled with, yellow. Stalk two inches long. Flesh
white, tender, juicy, and richly flavoured. An excellent
bearer, and a first-rate early cherry. Beginning of July.

All Saints' {Autumn-hearing Cluster; De St. Martin;
Toussai7it).— Small and oblate. Skin red, becoming dark
red as it hangs on the tree. Stalk two inches long. Flesh
white, reddish next the stone, juicy, and acid. This is
generally grown as an ornamental tree.

48 CHEREIES.

Amarelle du Nord. See Eatajia.

Amber Gean. — Below medium size, generally in
triplets; obtuse lieart-sliaped. Skin thin and trans-
parent, pale yellow, or amber, tinged with delicate red.
Stalk slender, an inch and a half long. Flesh white,
tender, and juicy, with a rich, sweet, and delicious flavour.
Beginning of August.

Amber Heart. See White SearU

Ambree. See Belle de Choisy.

American Amber {Bloodgood's Amher ; Bloodgood^s
Honey). — Medium sized, growing in clusters; roundish,
inclining to heart-shaped. Skin thin and shining, clear
yellow, mottled with bright red. Stalk an inch and a
half long. Flesh amber coloured. Beginning of July.

American 'Docto'r {The Doctor). — Medium sized, ob-
tuse heart-shaped. Skin clear yellow, washed with red.
Stalk an inch and a half long. Flesh yellowish white,
tender, juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. End of June.
I have named this " American Doctor " to distinguish it
from the German " Doktorkirsche."

Auglaise Tardive. See Late DuTce.

Angleterre Hative. See May DuTce.

Ansell's Fine Black. See Black Heart.

Archduke. — Larger than May Duke, obtuse heart-
shaped, witli a deeply-marked suture at the apex, diminish-
ing towards the stalk, and very slightly pitted at the apex.
Skin thin, pale red at first, but becoming dark red, and
ultimately almost black. Stalk very slender, an inch and
a half to two inches long. Flesh deep red, very tender
and juicy, sweet, and briskly flavoured ; but sugary when
highly ripened. Middle and end of July. Tree some-
what pendulous when old.

D'Aremberg. See Beine Kortense,

Armstrong's Bigarreau. See Bigarreau o.e HoUande.

Baramdam. See Faramdam.

Baumann's May (Bigarreait de Mai; Trempee Pre-
cocY').— Medium sized, ovate, inclining to cordate, and
irregular m its shape. Skin of a fine dark-red colour,
changing to deep, shining black. Stalk about two inches
long, llesh purple, tender, juicy, and excellent. Kipe
the middle of June.

CHEEEIES. 49

Belclier's Black. See Corone.

Belle Agathe. — Small, produced in clusters ; lieart-
sliaped. Skin dark crimson, with, minute yellow mottles
over it. Stalk an inch and a half to an inch and three
quarters long. Flesh yellowish, firm, sweet, and very
nicely flavoured. This is a small Bigarreau, which hangs
on the tree as late as the first week in October ; and
neither birds nor wasps touch it.

Belle Audigeoise. See Beine Hortense.

Belle de Bavay. See JRelne Hortense*

Belle de Chatenay. See Selle Mag7iifique»

Belle de Choisy {Amhree ; Daupliine; Doucette ^ De
JPalemhre). — Large and round. Skin very thin and
transparent, showing the texture of the flesh beneath ;
amber coloured, mottled with yellowish red, or rich cor-
nelian, next the sun. Stalk an inch and a half to two
inches long, rather stout, swollen at the upper end. Flesh
amber coloured, melting, tender, rich, sugary and de-
licious. Early in July.

Belle de Laeken. See Heine Hortense.

Belle Magnifique {Belle de Chatenay; Belle de
Sceaux ; Belle de Spa; I)e Spa). — Very large, roundish-
oblate, inclining to heart-shaped. Skin clear bright red.
Stalk an inch to an inch and a half long. Flesh yellowish,
tender, and sub-acid. Middle and end of August.

Belle d'Orleans. — Medium sized, roundish, inclining
to heart-shaped. Skin pale yellowish white in the shade,
but of a thin bright red next the sun. Flesh yellowish
white, tender, juicy, and rich. Beginning and middle of
June. One of the earliest and richest of cherries.

Belle de Petit Brie. See Heine Hortense.

Belle Polonaise. See Griotte de Kleparoio

Belle de Prapeau. See Heine Hortense.

Belle de Sceaux. See Belle Magnijique.

Belle de Spa. See Belle Magnijique.

Belle Supreme. See Heine Hortense.

Bigareeau ( Grafton). — Large, and obtuse heart-shaped,
flattened at the stalk. Skin whitish yellow, marbled with
deep bright red next the sun. Stalk stout, two inches

50 CHEEEIESi

long, deeply inserted. Tlesli i^ale yellow, firm, rieli, and
highly flavoured- Stone Icirge and round. End of July.

Blgarreau Gaboulais. See Monstrous Heart.

Bigarreau Gros Coeuret. See 3Ionstrous Heart.

Bigarreau Gros Monstrueux. See Monstrous Heart.

Bigarreau Gros Noir. See Tradescanf s Heart.

BiGAEREAU DE HiLDESHEiM {Bic/arrcau Tardif de
Hildesheim). — Medium sized, lieart-shaped, flattened on
one side. Skin shining, pale yellow, marbled with red
on one side, but dark red on the other. Stalk two inelies
long. Flesh yellow, very firm, not particularly juicy,
but with an excellent sweet flavour. Eipe the end of
August and beginning of September. An excellent late
cherry.

BiGAEEEAU DE HoLLANDE (Sjjotted Bigarreau ; Arm-
si ron/s Bigarreau). — Very large, regularly and hand-
somely heart-shaped. Skin pale yellow on the shaded
side, but of a light red, marbled with bright crimson, on
the side exposed to the sun. Stalk an inch and a half
long, stout, inserted a little on one side of the fruit. Flesh
pale yellowish white, juicy, and sweet, with an agreeable
piquancy. Stone small for the size of the fruit. Middle
of July.

Bigarreau Jaboulais. See Monstrous Heart.

Bigarreau Laucrmann. See Bigarreau Napolevn.

Bigarreau de Lyons. See Monstrous Heart.

Bigarreau de Mai. See Baumanns May.

Bigarreau Monstrueux de Mezel. See Monstrous Heart.

Bigarreau Monstrueux. See Monstrous Heart.

BiGAEREAU Napoleon [Bigarreau Lauermann). — Large,
and oblong heart-shaped. Skin pale yellow, spotted with
deep red, marbled with fine deep crimson next the sun.
Stalk stout and short, sot in a narrow cavity. Flesh very
firm, juicy, and of excellent flavour. An abundant bearer.
July and August.

Bigarreau Tardif de Hildesheim. See Bigarreau de
Hildesheim.

Black Bud of Buckinghamshire. See Corone.

Black Caroon. See Corone.

Black Circassian, See BlaeJc Tartarian.

CHEBEIE3. 51

Black Eagle. — Meclinm sized, oLtuse lieart-s"haped,
compi-essed at botli ends. Skin deep purple; when ripe
nearly black. Stalk an inch and a half long, and slender.
!Flesb. deep purple, tender, very rich, and juicy. JBegia-
Bing of July.

Black Hawk. — Large, obtuse lieart-sliaped, uneven in
its outline, and compressed on the sides. Skin deep,
shining, blackish-purple. Stalk about an inch and a half
long. Flesh dark purple, tolerably firm, rich, and sweet.
Middle and end of Ju^y.

Black Heart {AnseIVs Fine BlacTc ; Early Blach;
La cure ; Spanish Blade Heart). — Above medium size,
heart-shaped, rather irregular, compressed at the apex.
Skin dark purple ; deep black when quite ripe. Stalk an
inch and a half long, slender. Flesh half tender, rich,
juicy, and sweet. Early in July.

Black Morello. See Morello.

Black Orleans. See Corone.

Black Hussian. See JSlach Tartarian.

Black Tartarian {Blaclc Circassian ; Blade Hussian;
Frascrs Blade ; Bonalds' Blach ; She^pparcVs Seedlijig).
— Large, obtuse heart-shaped; surfa.ce irregular and un-
even. Skin deep blac-k. Stalk an inch and a half long.
Flesh purplish, juicy, half tender, and rich. Stone smal],
roundish oval. Succeeds vrell against a wall, when it is
ready by the end of June.

Bleeding Heart. See Gascoignes Heart.

Bloodgood's Amber. See American Araher.

Bloodgood's Honey. See American Amber.

Bouquet Amarelle. See Chester.

Bowyee's Early Heart. — Bather below medium size,
obtuse heart-shaped. Skin amber coloured, mottled with
red. Flesh white, very tender, juicy, and sweet. A good
bearer, and an excellent early cherr}^. End of June.

Brant. — Large, roundish-heart-shaped, and uneven.
Skin deep dark red. Stalk an inch and a half long, set
in an angular cavity. Flesh dark purplish-red, half
tender, juicy, sweet, and richly fiavoured. Beginning, of
July.

Brune de Bruselles. See B.atafia.
Bullock's Heart. See Ox- Heart,

62 CHEBEIES.

Buttner's Black Heaet.— Larger than the common
Black Heart; lieart-sliaped, and flattened on one side.
Skin gloss3^ deep blackisli-purple. Stalk an inch and a
lialf long. Flesh half tender, juicy^ dark red, and with
a particularly pleasant flavour. A superior variety to
the common Black Heart. Eipe in the middle of July.

Bxjttner's October Morello. — Large,< round, and
somewhat oblate, and indented at the apex. Skin thin,
and of a reddish-brown colour. Stalk slender, two inches
long. Flesh light red, reticulated with whitish veins,
juicy, and with a pleasant sub-acid flavour. This is an
excellent culinary cherry, and ripens in October.

Buttner's Yellow. — About medium size, roundish-
ovate. Skin entirely yellow, becoming a pale-amber
colour when highly ripened. Stalk an inch and a half
long. Flesh firm, yellow, sweet, and very nicely flavoured.
The best yellow cherry there is. The birds do not touch
it. Middle of July, and hangs till the end of August.

Carnation {Nouvelle d' Angleierre ; De Villenne ;
JRoiige pule ; Wax Cherry). — Large, round, and flattened,
inclining to oblate. Skin thin, light red at first, but
changing to a deeper colour as it hangs ; pale yellow, or
amber, where shaded. Stalk an inch and a half longf and
stout. Flesh pale yellow, rather firmer than in Dukes
generally, juicy, and with a fine, brisk, sub-acid flavour,
becoming richer the longer it hangs. Kipe in the end of
July and beginning of August.

Cerise a Bouquet. See Cluster.

Cherry Duke of Duhamel. See Jeffreys' Duke.

Cleveland Bigarreau (Cleveland). — Large, obtuse
heart-shaped, sometimes with a swelling on one side near
the stalk. Skin pale yellow, with bright red next the
sun, and mottled with crimson. Stalk two inches long..
Flesh yellowish white, half tender, juicy, sweet, and
richly flavoured. Eipe the third or last week in June
and early m July.

Cluster {Cerise a Bouquet; Bouquet Amarelle ;
Flanders Cherry). — Small, produced m a cluster of two,
three, four, or iive together at the end of one common
stalk. Skin thin, at first of pale red, but changing to
darker red the longer it hangs. Flesh white, tender, and
juicy, very acid at first, but "becoming milder as it hangs
on the tree. Ripe froci the middle to tho end of July.

CHEEEIES. 53

CoE*s Late Caenation. — Medium sized, roundish.
Skin reddish yellow, clouded and mottled with brioht
red.^ Stalk two inches long. Flesh tender, juicy, with
it brisk sub-acid flavour, becoming mellowed the longer it
hangs. Eipe from the middle to the end of August, and
continues to hang till September.

Coeur de Pigeon. See Monstrous Heart.

Common Eed. See Kentish.

CoEONE {Belcher s BlacTc ; Blach JBucl oj* BucMnqham-
shire ; Black Corone ; Blach Orleans; Herefordshire
Blach). — Small, roundish-heart-shaped. Skin deep black-
ish-purple. Stalk two inches long, inserted in a deep,
narrow cavity. Flesh dark purple, very firm, juicy, and
sweet. Eipe in the end of July and beginning of August.

Dauphine. See Belle de Clioisy.

Delicate. — Large, roundish, and flattened. Skin thin
and translucent, fine rich amber coloured, quite covered
with mottling of crimson. Stalk two inches long. Flesh
pale yellow, translucent, tender, juicy, sweet, and with a
rich, delicious flavour. A very excellent cherry. Eipe in
the middle of July.

Doctor. See American Doctor.
Donna Maria. See Moyal Duhe.
Double Glass. See Great Cornelian.

Double ISTatte. — Eather large, roundish, a little com-
pressed, and inclining to ovate. Skin dark brown, or
brownish black. Stalk slender, sometimes nearly three
inches long, and bearing leaves. Flesh very red, tender,
and very juicy, with a brisk, sprightly acidity. Eipe in
the beginning and middle of July.

Doucette. See Belle de Choisy.

Downeb's Late.— Fruit produced in large butjehes,
medium sized, obtuse heart-shaped. Skin of a delicate
clear red on the exposed side, but paler and mottled with
pale yellow where shaded. Stalk an inch and a half long.
Flesh pale, tender, juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured.
Eipe the middle and end of August.

Downton. — Large, roundish-heart-shaped, much com-
pressed, nearly round. Skin pale yellow, stained with
red dots, semi-transparent, marbled with dark red next
the sun. Stalk an inch and a half long, slender. Flesh

51 CHEEEIES.

yellowish, without any stain of red, tender, delicLously
and richly flavoured, adhering slightly to the stone,
Eipens in the middle and end of July.

Dredge's Early White. See White Heart.

DucHESSE DE Palluau. — Very large, oblate, and ]Ditted
at the apex. Skin thin, of a brilliant red colour, becom-
ing dark red as it ripens. Stalk an inch and a half long.
Flesh very tender and juicy, with a brisk and agreeable
acidulous fhiA^our ; juice coloured. A very fine cherry.
Eipc in the end of July.

Duke. See 3Iai/ Duke.

Dutch Morello. See Morello.

Eaely Ambee [Early Amber Heart; Rivers E irly
Amber Heart). — Above medium size, heart-shaped. Skin
pale amber, with a flush of red next the sun. Stalk two
inches long. Flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet, and richly
flavoured. Beginning of July.

Early Black. See Blade Heart.

Early Duke. See May Dulce.

Early May [Small May ; Indulle ; Nain Freeoce). —
Small, round, slightly flattened. Skin lively light red.
Stalk an inch long, slender, deeply set. Flesh soft, juicy,
and acid. Middle of June.

Early May Duke. See May Duke.

Eauly Prolific. — Above medium size, obtuse-heart-
shaped. Skin pale amber, mottled with crimson. Stalk
two inches long. Flesh tolerably firm, juicy, rich, sweet,
and delicious. End of June.

Eaely Pueple Geax [Early Purple Grlotie-, German
May DuJce). — Large, obtuse heart-shaped, sxightly flat-
tened on one side. Skin shining, dark purple, almost
black. Stalk slender, from two to two and a half inches
long. Flesh dark purple, tender, and very juicy, with
a very sweet and rich flavour. Eipe in the middle of
June.

Early Purple Griotte. See Early Bmyle Gean.

Early Eichmond. See Kentish.

Elkhorn. See Tradescanfs Heart,

Elton. -- Large, and heart-shaped. Skin thin, pale
yeUow m the shade, but mottled and streaked with bright

CHERRIES. 55

red next tlie sun. Stalk two inclieslong, slender. Tlesh
half teader, juicy, very rich and luscious. Early iu July.

Flanders. See Cluster.

FLEiiisH.— Pomologists have fallen into great mistakes
with regard to this cherry, particularly those who make
it synonymous with Gros Gobet ; others think it the
same as the Kentish. The latter is nearer the truth ; but
the Kentish and Flemish are decidedly different. The
fruit of the two could not be distinguished the one from
the other ; but the trees of the Flemish are less drooping
than those of the Kentish, and the fruit is smaller, and
about eight or ten days later. Anyone who examines
the two varieties as they are grown in the Kentish
orchards will see at once that the varieties are different.

Florence {Knevetfs Late Jjigarreau), — Large and
obtuse heart-shaped. Skin pale amber, marbled with
red, and mottled with bright red where exposed. Stalk
two inches long, slender, deeply set. Flesh yellowish,
firm, very juicy, sweet, and rich. Beginning and middle
of August.

!Four-to-the-Pound. See Tobacco-Leaved.
Fraser's Black Tartarian. See Blach Tartarian,
Eraser's AYhite Tartarian. See White Tartarian.
Fraser's White Trans]Darent. See White Tartarian.

Gascoigxe's Heart {Bleeding ILeart ; Herefordshire
Seart ; Ited. Heart). — Above medium size, heart-shaped,
broad at the stalk, and terminating at the apex in an.
acute, swollen point. Skin entirely covered with bright
red. Stalk tv>'0 inches long, slender. Flesh yellowish
white, half-tender, juicy, and sweet. Beginning and
middle of July.

German May Duke. See Early Pm^ple Gean.
Gobet a Courte Queue. See Gros Gohet.

Governor Wood. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped. Skin
pale yellow, washed and mottled with bright red. Stalk
an inch and a half long. Flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet,
and very richly flavoured. Beginning of July.

Graffion. See Bigarreau.

Great Cornelian {Double Glass). — Very large, oblate,
marked on one side with a very deep su.ture, which quite
divides the fruit. Skin thin and translucent, at first of

50 CHEBEIES.

a liglit rod, "but becoming darker as it ripens. Stalk an
incii and a half long. Elesh yellowish, tender, very juicy,
Tvitli a fine sub-acid, vinous, and rich flavour. Beginning
of July.

GiiioTTii DE Chaux. — Large, roundish-oblate. Skin
dark red, and shining. Stalk two inches long, and slender.
Flesh dark, tender, melting, and very juicy, with a brisk
sub-acid flavour. End of July.

G-iaoTTE DE Kleparow' {Belle Polonaise). — Medium
sized, roundish-oblate. Skin dark red. Stalk two inches
long. Elesh dark, tender, and juicy, with a rich, sweet,
and sub-acid flavour. End of July.

GuioTTE DE Portugal — This is by some considered
sjniouymous with the Archduke. It certainly bears a
considerable resemblance to it in the size, form, and colour,
of the fruit ; but I have not yet had an opportunity of
comparing trees of equal age, and growing under the same
circumstances. I am, however, inclined to believe that
they will prove to be, if not really identical, at least very
similar.

Gros Coeuret. See Monstrous Heart.

Gnos GoBET {Montmorency ; Montmorency a Courte
Queue). — Medium sized, oblate, marked on one side with
a very deep suture, which forms quite a cleft at the stalk.
Skin smooth and shining, of a fine clear red, but becom-
ing darker as it ripens. Stalk very short and thick, half
an inch to an inch long. Elesh white, tender, very juicy,
and briskly acid ; but when it hangs long it is agreeably
flavoured. Middle and end of July. This has been,
very incorrectly, made eynonymous with the Flemish,
and even with the Kentish.

Grosse de Wagnelee. See Seine Sortense.

Guigne Noire Tardive. See Tradescant* s Heart.

Harrison's Heart {White Big arreau).— Very largo,
-distinctly heart-shaped, and uneven in its outline. Skin
at first of a yellowish white, but becoming all over mottled
with red. Stalk an inch and a half long.~ Elesh firm, but
less so than the Bigarreau, rich, and deliciously flavoured.
Middle and end of July.

Herefordshire Black. See Corone.

Herefordshire Heart. See Gascoignet Heart,

CHEBEIES. 57

Hogg's Black Gean. — Medium sized, obtuse lieart-
shaped. Skin black and shining. Stalk an inch and a
half long. Flesh dark, very tender, richly flavoured, and
very sweet. Beginning of July.

Hogg's Bed Geax. — Medium sized, roundish, inclining
to heart-shaped. Skin red, freckled with amber yellow.
Stalk an inch and a half long. Flesh yellowish, very
tender and juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. Beginning
of July.

Hybrid de Laeken. See Beine Hortense.

Indulle. See Early May.

Jefeeeys' Duke (C//e;-r^ D^^^^e of Duhamel; Jeffreys
"Royal; Moyale). — Medium sized, roimd, and a little
flattened, produced upon stalks of about an inch long,
which are united in clusters on one common peduncle
half an inch long. Skin deep red, changing to black as
it attains maturity. Flesh red, firm, very juicy, rich, and
highly flavoured. The juice is quite sweet, and not acid,
like the May Duke. Bipe the beginning and middle of
July.

Joc-o-soT. — Large and handsome, somewhat obtusely
heart-shaped, compressed on the sides, and deeply in-
dented at the apex. Skin shining, of a deep brownish-
black colour. Stalk two inches long. Flesh dark brownish-
red, tender, juicy, rich, and sweet. Middle of July.

Kennicott. — Large, roundish-heart-shaped, and com-
pressed on the sides. Skin of a fine amber yellow, con-
siderably mottled with deep glossy red. Flesh yellowish
white, firm, juicy, rich, and sweet. Beginning and middle
of August.

Kentish {Common Bed ; Early Biclimond; Pie Cherry;
Sussex ; Virginian May). — Medium sized, round. Skin
bright red. Stalk an inch and a quarter long, stout,
deeply set, and adhering so firmly to the stone, that the
latter may be drawn out. Flesh acid. For kitchen pur-
poses. Middle and end of July.

Kirtland's Mammoth. See Mammoth.

Kirtland's Mary. See Mary.

Knevett's Late Bigarreau. See Florence.

Knight's Eaely Black. — Large, and obtuse heart-
shaped, irregular, and uneven. Skin black. Stalk two

58 CHEBKIES.

inches long, deepl}^ inserted. FlesK purple, tender, juicy,
and rickly flavoured. End of June and beginning of
July.

Lacure. See Blach Heart.

Lady Southampton's. — This is a medium sized, yellow,
lieart-sliapett clierry, of the Bigarreau class, ^Tith firm,
but not juicy, ilesh. It is no\v very little cultivated, and
is but a worthless variety. End of July and beginnmg
of August.

Large Black Bigarreau. See Tradescani' s Heart.

Late Bigaekeau. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped, and
uneven in its outline, broadly and deeply indented at the
apex. Skin of a fine rich ^'ellow, with a bright red cheek,
which sometimes extends over the whole surface. Stalk
an inch and a half long. Elesh yellowish, considerably
firm, sweet, and agreeably flavoured. Middle of August.
Tree very productive.

Late Duke {Anglaise Tardive). — Large, obtusely heart-
shaped, and somewhat compressed. Skin shining, of a
fine bright red, which becomes darL'er as it ripens. Stalk
one inch and a half to two inches long. Elesh pale yellow,
tender, juicy, and richly flavoured. Beginning and
middle of August.

Late Morello. See Morello.

Lemercier. See Heine Jlortense. There is a Lemercier
grown by Mr. Elvers which is later than Eeine Hortense,
and, before it is quite ripe, considerably more acid than
that variety. The tree has also a more rigid and upright
growth, like the Dukes; but it is evidently a seminal
variety of Eeine Hortense, and, being a better bearer, is,
perhaps, the x^referable kind to grow of that admirable
cherry.

Lion's Heart. Sec Ox Heart.

Logan. — Above medium size, obtuse heart-shaped.
Skin deep blackish-purple. Stalk an inch and a half long.
Flesh brownish-red, almost firm, juicy, sweet, and richly
flavoured. Middle and end of July. The tree blooms
late.

Louis XVIII. See Heine Hortense.

Luke Waed's (Lulewards). — Medium sized, obtuse
heart-shaped. Skin dark brownish-red, becoming almost

CHEKBIES. W

black as it ripens. Stalk about two inclies long. Elesli
half-tender, dark purple, juicy, sweet, and richly tiaroured.
End of July and beginning of August. Superior to the
Black Heart and the Corone.

Mammoth {KirtlancV s Mammoth). — Very large, often
an inch and an eighth in diameter ; obtuse heart-shaped.
Skin clear yellow, flushed and marbled with red. Stalk
an inch and a quarter long. Flesh half-tender, juicy,
sweet, and rery richly flavoured. Middle and end of
July. This is a magnificent cherry.

Manning's Mottled. — xibove medium size, obtusely
heart-shaped, and flattened on one side. Skin amber
coloured, finely mottled, and flushed with red, somewhat
translucent and shining. Stalk slender, two inches long.
Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured.
Middle of July.

Marcelin. See Monstrous Heart.

Maey {KirtlancV s Mary). — Large, roundish-heart-
shaped, and handsome. Skin very much mottled with
deep, rich red on a yellow ground, and, when much ex-
posed to the sun, almost entirely of a rich glossy red.
Stalk from one inch and a half to two inches long. Flesh
pale yellow, firm, rich, and juicy, with a sweet and high
flavour. Middle and end of July. This is a very beauti-
ful and very fine cherry.

May Duke [Dul^e ; JUarly DiiTce ; JEarly May Dul'e ;
Angleten^e Hdtive ; Roy ale Hdtive). — Large, roundish,
inclining to oblate. Skin at first of a red-cornelian
colour, but gradually becoming dark red, and ultimately
almost black, as it ripens. Stalk about an inch and a
half long. Flesh red, tender, juicy, and richly flavoured,
with a fine, subdued acidulous smack. Beginning of July.

De Meruer. See Heine Horiense.

Merveille de Hollande. See Reine Hortense.

Merveille de Septembre. See Tardive de Mans

Milan. See Morello.

MoNSTEous 'H.EX'RT{]5iffarreait Gros Coenrct ; Bigarreau
Jahoulais ; JBigarreau Gahoulais ; Bigarreau de Lyons;
JBigarreau Gros Moiistriieiix ; JBigarreau Monstrueux de
Mezel; Marcelin; Gros Cceuret ; Ward's Bigarreau). —
Very large, obtuse heart-shaped. Skin at first yellowish,
tinged and streaked with red, but changing to a deep,

60 CHEEEIES.

sliining red, and approaching to black tlie longer it liangs.
Stalk one inch and a half to two inches long, stout. Flesh
purplish, firm, and juicy, with a rich and excellent flavour.
Kipe the middle and end of July.

Monstrueuse de Bavay. See Heine Hortense.

Monstrueuse de Jodoigne. See Heine Hortense.

Montmorency. See Gros Gohet.

Montmorency a Courte Queue. See Gros Gohet.

MoKELLO {BlacJc Morello ; Dutch Morello ; Late
Morello ; Ronalds' Large Morello; Milan). — Large,
roundish, inclining to heart-shape. Skin dark reel, be-
coming almost black the longer it hangs. Stalk an inch
and a half to two inches long. Flesh purplish red, tender,
juicy, and pleasantly sub-acid. Used for culinary pur-
poses. July and August.

Mores tein. See Heine Hortense,

Nain Precoce. See Early May.

Nouvelle d'Angleterre. See Carnation.

Ohio Beauty. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped. Skin
pale yellow, overspread with red. Piesh x^ale, tender,
brisk, and juicy. Beginning of July.

Osceola. — Above medium size, heart-shaped, and with
a deep suture on one side. Skin dark purplish-red,
almost black. Stalk about two inches long. Flesh liver
coloured, tender, very juicy, rich, and sweet. Middle
and end of July.

^ OsTHEiM. — Large, roundish-oblate, compressed on one
side. Skin red, changing to very dark red as it ripens.
Stalk an inch and a half to two inches long. Flesh dark
red, tender, and juicy, with a pleasant, sweet, and sub-
acid flavour. An excellent preserving cherry, not so acid
as the Morello. End of July.

Ounce Cherry. See Tohacco-Leaved.

Ox Heaet (5wZ^ocF5 Heart; Lions Heart).— Lsirge,
obtuse heart-shaped, flattened on one side. Skin shining,
dark purplish-red. Stalk two inches long. Flesh some-
what firm, dark red, with a brisk and pleasant flavour,
which is considerably richer when the fruit is highly
ripened. End of July.

Paeamdam {Baramdam).^Qmd]l and round, not quite

CHEKEIES. 61

half an inch in diameter. Skin pale red. Stalk an inch
long. Flesh pale, tender, with an agreeable and lively
acidity. End of July. The tree is of very diminutive
growth ; one in my possession, not less than 100 years
old, being little more than seven feet high, and the stem
not so thick as a man's arm.

De Palembre. See Belle de CJioisy.

Pie Cherry. See Kentish.

PoNTiAC. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped, compressed on
the sides. Skin dark purplish-red, nearly black. Stalk
an inch and a half to two inches long. Flesh purplish
red, half-tender, juicy, sweet, and agreeable. The latter
end of July.

PowHATTAN. — Medium sized, roundish-heart-shaped,
compressed on the sides, uneven in its outline. Skin
brownish red and glossy. Stalk two inches long. Flesh
rich purplish-red, half-tender, juicy, sweet, but not highly
flavoured. End of July.

Quatre a la Livre. See Tohacco-Leaved.

Eatafia {Brune de Bruxelles). — Medium sized, round,
and a little flattened at both ends. Skin dark brown^^
nearly black, and very shining. Stalk an inch and a half
to two inches long. Flesh dark red, tender, and juicy,
with a brisk acid flavour, which becomes subdued the
longer it hangs on the tree. August.

Red Heart. See Gascoignes Seart.

Eeixe Hoetexse {D'Aremherg; Belle Atuh'geoise ;
Belle de Bavay ; Belle de LaeTcen ; Belle de Prapeau;
Belle de Petit Brie ; Belle Supreme ; Grosse de Wagnelee ;
Hybrid de LaeTcen ; Louis XVLLL. ; Lemercier ; Be
Meruer; Merveille de LLollande ; Monstrueuse de Bavay ;
Monstrueuse de Jodoigne ; Morestein; Llouvroy ; Seize a
la Livre). — Very large, one inch and one-twelfth long
and an inch wide, oblong, and compressed on the sides.
Skin very thin and translucent, at first pale red, but
assuming a bright cornelian red, and changing to dark
brilliant red the longer it hangs. Stalk very slender,
about two inches long. Flesh yellow, netted, very tender,
and very juicy, with a sweet and agreeably acidulous
juice. Middle of July.

Eed Jacket. — Large, heart-shaped. Skin amber,
covered with pale red, 'but when fully exposed entirely

G2 CHEBEIES.

covered with bright red. Stalk two inches long, slender.
Flesh half-tender, juicy, and of good, but not high, flavour.
Beginning and middle of August. Valuable for its lateness.

Eivers' Early Amber Heart. See Early Amber.

EocKroET BiGAEREAU. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped,
uneven in its outline, and with a swelling on one side.
Skin pale amber, covered with brilliant deep red, mottled
and dotted with carmine. Stalk an in-.h to an inch and
a half long. Flesh yellowish white, firm, juicy, sweet,
and richly flavoured. Beginning and middle of July.

Konalds' Black. See Blach Tartarian.

Eonalds' Large Morello. See Morcllo.

Eouge Pale. See Carnation.

Eouvroy. See Heine Hortense.

EoYAL Duke {Donna Maria). — Large, oblate, and
handsomely shaped. Skin deep, shining red, but never
becoming black, like the May Duke. Stalk an inch and
a half long. Flesh reddish, tender, juicy, and richly
flavoured. Middle of July.

Eoyale. See Jeffreys' Dulce.

Eoyale Hative. See May DuJ:e.

St. Margaret's. See Tradescanfs Heart.

Seize a la Livre. See Reine Hortense.

Shannon Moeello. — Above medium size, round, and
flattened at the stalk. Skin dark purplish red. Stalk
long and slender. Flesh tender, reddish purple, juicy,
and acid. August.

Sheppard's Bedford Prolific. See Blach Tartarian.
Small May. See Early May.

De Soissons.— Medium sized, roundish, inclining to
heart-shaped, and somewhat flattened at the apex. Skin
dark red. Stalk not more than an inch long. Flesh
red, tender, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant sub-
acid flavour. A good cherry for culinary purposes.
Eipe in the middle and end of July.

Spanish Heart. See Blach Heart.

^ Sparhawk's Honey {Sparrov^liaioh' s Honey). —WQ^mm
sized, obtuse heart-shaped, and very regular in shape,
bkm thm, of a beautiful, glossy, pale amber, becoming a

CHEEEIES. 63

lively red wlien fully ripe, and somewliat translucent.
Stalk of moderate length, rather slender. Flesh pale,
juicy, and sweet. Middle of July.

Spotted Bigarreau. See Bigarreau de Hollande.

Sussex. See Kentish.

Tardive de Mans {Mcrveille de Seiytemhre). — Small,
ovate, flattened at the stalk. Skin smooth and shining,
clear red in the shade, and mottled with purplish red
where exposed. Flesh firm, sweet, juicy, and nicely
flavoured. This, like Belie xigatlie, hangs very late, but
it is not so large nor so good as that variety.

Tecijmseh. — Above medium size, obtuse heart-shaped,
flattened on one side. Skin reddish purple, or dark
brownish-red, mottled with red. Flesh reddish purplej
half-tender, very juicy and sweet, but not highly fla-
voured. Middle and end of August. Valuable as a late
variety.

Tobacco-Leaved {Foiir-to-tlie-Pound ; Ounce Cherry ;
Quaire a la Livre). — Eather below medium size, heart-
shaped, and somewhat flattened on one side, and termi-
nating at the apex in a curved fleshy point. Skin thin,
pale amber, mottled and spotted with red. Stalk slender,
two inches long. Flesh pale-amber coloured, Arm, juicy,
and with a sweet, rich flavour. Beginning of August.
Leaves nearly a foot long.

TrvADESCA:sT's Ji-EAT.T {Elkhorn ; St. Margaret'' s; Large
Slach Bigarreau ; Bigarreau Gros Noir ; Guigne Noire
Tardive). — Of the largest size, obtuse heart-shaped, in-
dented and uneven on its surface, and considerably flat-
tened next the stalk ; on one side marked with the suture.
Skin at first dark red, but changing when fully ripe to
dark blackish-purple. Stalk slender, an inch and a half
to an inch and three quiirters long. Flesh dark purple,
adhericg firmly to the stone, firm, sweet, and briskly
sub-acid. End of July and beginning of August.

Transparent Gean. — Small, regularly heart-shaped.
Skin thin, transparent, and shining, pale yellow, and
finely mottled with clear red. Stalk two inches long,
slender. Flesh pale, tender, and juicy, with a sweet and
somewhat piquant flavour. Middle and end of July.

Trempee Precoce. See Baumanns May.
De Villenne. See Carnation.

64, CHERRIES.

Virginian May. See Kentish.

Ward's Bigarreau. See Monstrous JSeart,

Waterloo. — Large, obtuse heart-shaped, depressed
at the apex, and flattened on one side. Skin very dark
reddish-purple, almost black, and covered with minute
pale dots. Stalk an inch and a half long, very slender.
Flesh light reddish-purple, but dark purple next the stone;
tender and juicy, with a sweet and rather rich flavour.
End of June and beginning of July.

Wax Cherry. See Carnation.

Werder's Early Black.— Very large, obtuse heart-
shaped, with a deep suture on one side. Skin tough,
shining, deep black-purple. Stalk short and stout, about
an inch and a half long. Flesh purplish red, tender, very
juicy, and with a very sweet and rich flavour. Middle
and end of June.

West's White Heart. See Bigarreau.

White Bigarreau. See Harrison s Heart.

WniTE Heart [Aniber Heart ; Dredge's Early Wliite;
White Transparent). — Above medium size, oblong heart-
shaped. Skin whitish yellow, tinged with dull red next
the sun. Stalk two inches long, slender, set in a wide
cavity. Flesh half-tender, sweet, and pleasant. Stone
large. End of July.

White Tartarian {Frasers White Tartarian). —
Medium sized, obtuse heart-shaped. Skin pale yellow.
Stalk two inches long, slender. Flesh whitish yellow,
half-tender, and sweet. Early in July.

White Transparent. See White Heart.

LIST OF SELECT CHEREIES,

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR ORDER OF RIPENING.

I. FOR aARDEXS.
These all succeed well in the open ground, or as espaliers ;
and those for dessert use are all worthy of being grown against

CHE2EIES.

65

a ^all, wlien they are much improved both in quality and
earhness.

For Dessert Use,

JTJNE.
Belle d' Orleans
Early Purple Gcan
!Baun:iann's May
Early ProliGc
"VVcrder's Early Black
Bowyer's Early Heart

JULY.

Knight's Early Black
Black Tartarian
Waterloo
Governor Wood
Belle de Choisy
May Duke
JelFreys' Duke
Cleveland Bigarreau
Eockport Bigarreau
Black Eagle
Elton
Osceola

Eoyal Duke

Delicate

Duchcsse de Palluau

Monstrous Heart

Joc-o-sot

Mammoth

Mary

Bigarreau

AUGUST.

Late Duke
Florence
Kennicoit
Bed Jacket
Tecamseh

SEPTET.rBEI?.

Coe's Late Carnation
Biittner's Yellow
Bigarreau de Hildesheim
Belle Agathe

For KUcJien Z^se.

Kentish

Griotte de Chaux

Belle Magnifique
Morello

II. EOE OECHARDS.

These being vigorous-growing and hardy varieties, and all, in
vai-ious degrees, abundant bearers, are well adapted for orchard
planting.

Early Prolific
Knight's Early Black
Black Tartarian
Adams' Crown
May Duke
Elton

Black Hawk
Biittner's Black Heart
Hogg's Black Gean
Hogg's Eed Gean

Kentish
Mammoth
Mary
Bigarreau
Amber Gean
Late Duke
Kennicott
Eed Jacket
Tecum sell
Belle Agathe

66

CHESTNUTS.

We can hardly call the chestnut a British fruit. It is true,
that in some situations in the southern counties it ripens fruit,
but that is generaUv so very inferior to what is imported from
Spain and the South of France, that no one would think ot
planting the chestnut for its fruit alone. It is as a timber tree
that it fs so highly valued in tliis country. , •- •

The following are the varieties that succeed best ; but it is
only in hot summers that they attain much excellence: —

Deyonshiee Peolific {Neio Prolijic).— This is by far
the most abundant bearer, and ripens more thoroughly a
general crop than any other.

DowNTON {Knic/hfs Prolijic).— This is distinguished
by the very short spines on the busks, and is not so pro-
liliic as the preceding.

67

CRABS.

These are gro^^n mainly for oiijameiit. Their fvuif, being
generally very highly or delicately coiourecl, contribute to the
decoration of shrubberies in the autumn ; -uliile tiieir flowers make
them gay with blossoms in the spring. But there are some of
the varieties which, besides being ornamental, are also very useful
for preserving. Of tiiese, the following are the most esteemed : —

Chebey Ceab {Cherry Apple; Scarlet Siberian). —
Very small, the size jincl color v of a clierry, roundish,
oblong, flat at tlie ends, of a bright shining scarlet colour,
with the appearance as if it had been varnished. Stalk
very long and slender. Eye small. Flesh crisp, with a
fine agreeable aciditj'-. Used for preserying. September
and October.

EoYAL Chaelotte. — Medium sized, ovate. Skin of a
delicate waxen yellow, tinged with red all over, but
covered with a dark red cheek next the sun. Eye with
long, pointed segments, and moderately sunk. Stalk
slender, an inch long. Flesh white, very tender, ■with
a fine, agreeable acidity. September and October.

SiBEEiAX {Yelloio Sihcrian). — Small, conical. Skin
w^axen yellow in the shade, and streaked with red next
the sun. Eye large and protruding, closed. Flesh
briskly acid. September and October.

Teanspaeent. — Belovr medium size, oblate. Skin
yellowish white, and waxen-like. E5^e with very long
and spreading segments, sunk. Stalk long and slender.
Flesh translucent, opaline, "with a brisk and agreeable
acidity. October.

68

CRANBERRIES.

THorOH these cannot be grown so generally as the other kinds
of fruits, tliere are some wlio, having devoted their attention to
tlie subject, have s'acceeded in forming artificial sviramps where
cranberries have been cultivated with great success. Wherever
there is a command, and a plentiful supply of running water,
with abundance of peat soil, no difficulty need be experienced in
growing cranberries. The two species most worth cultivating
are the English and the American.

1<1-^ GLiSB.{0 jc^coccnspahistris). — This grovrs abundantly
in bogs, or swamps, in many parts of England. The fruit
is the size of a pea, and the skin pale red ; they have a
somewhat acrid flavour and a strong acidity.

American {Oxy coccus mac7'ocarpus), — Of this there are
three varieties : —

1. Cherry Cranlerry, is large, round, and of a dark re''
colour, resembling a small cherry.

2. Bugle Cranberry, so called from the shape being
like a bugle bead, long, and approaching an oval. Skin
pale, and not so deep a crimson as the other varieties.

3. Bell Cranberry, is bell-shaped, or turbinate, and of
a dark coral red. This is a very large variety, and is a
great favourite with American growers.

09

CURRANTS.

Black Grape. See Ogdens Black.

Black Naples {New Blade). — Bunclies sliorfc, but pro-
duced iu great abundance. Berries larger than any other
variety, frequently measuring about three quarters of an
inch in diameter. Milder and sweeter than any other
black currant, and the best of all the black varieties.

Cerise. See Cherry.

Champagne {PheasanVs Eye; Couleur de Chair). —
Bunches of medium length. Berries medium sized, pale
pink, or flesh coloured, with darker red veins ; more acid
than Hed Dutch.

Cheery {Cerise). — Bunches short. Berries very large,
of a deep red colour ; more acid than Bed Dutch. Tiiis
is the largest red currant, and comes in earty.

Common Black. — This is very much inferior to Black
Naples and Ogden's Black, and not worth cultivation,
the bunches and berries being inferior in size to both
of those varieties.

Couleur de Chair. See Chamjpagne.

Goliath. See Bahy Castle.

Houghton Castle. See Bahy Castle*

Jeeves' White. See White Butch.

Knight's Early Bed, — The chief merit this variety is
supposed to possess, is its greater earliness than the Bed
Dutch ; but the slight advantage it has in this, is lost by
its inferiority iu other respects.

Knight's Large Bed. — Bunches large and long.
Berries large, bright red. Does not differ materially
from Bed Dutch.

Knight's Sweet Bed. — Bunches of medium size.
Berries large, paler in colour than Bed Dutch, and less
acid ; but not so sweet as White Dutch.

La Fertile. — This variety I have not seen ; but, ac-
cording to Mr. Bivers, it is a large red currant, and " a
most prodigious bearer."

70 CUKE ANTS.

La Hative. — This is a new variety, and, like tlie
preceding, of foreign origin ; but I have had no op-
portunity of examining it. Mr. Rivers states, in his
catalogue, that it is "a very early red currant, and

excellent."

LoNG-BUNCHED Eed {Wilmof s Long-huncJied Hed). —
Bunches very long, sometimes measuring six inches
and a half. Berries large, and of a deep red colour.
A decided improvement on Red Dutch, and differs
also in being somewhat later. It is not unlike Kaby
Castle.

May's Yictoria. See liah^ Castle,

Morgan's White. See WJtite Dutch.

New Black. See BlacJc Naples.

New White Dutch. See White Dutch.

Ogden's Black {Blaclc Grape). — This is not so large
as Black: Naples, but considerably better in every respect
than the Common Black. The bush is hardier than that
of Black Naples.

Pheasant's Eye. See Champagne.

Eaby Castle {Houghton Castle; Mays Victoria; Vic-
toria; Goliath). — Bunches longer than those of lied
Dutch ; berries larger, and of a brighter red, but
rather more acid. It is an abundant bearer, and the
fruit ripens later, and hangs longer, than any other
currant.

Eed Dutch {Large Red Dutch ; New Bed Dutch ; Red
G^r(7/>(?).— Bunches from two to three inches long. Berries
large, deep red, with a subdued acidity. Superior in
every respect to the old Common Red, which is unworthy
of cultivation.

Red Grape. See Red Dutch.

White Crystal. See White Dutch.

"WniTE Dutch {New White Dutch; Jeeves' White;
Morgans White; White Crystal; White Leghorn;
White Grape). — The buuclies and berries are of the same
size as the Red Dutch ; but the berries are of a yellowish
white, and the skin somewhat transparent. The frait is
very much sweeter, and more agreeable to eat, than the
Redvariet3^ It is, therefore, preferred in the dessert, and
for winc-makinsr.

CURRANTS. 71

"White Grape. See White Dutch.

White Leghorn. See White Dutch.

Wilmot's Long-buuched Red. See Long-hunched Red.

LIST OF SELECT CUEEANTS.

BLACK. Long-bunched Ked

Black Naples I^aby Castk

O^den's Black Eed Dutch

EED.

Cherry ^^ITE.

Knight's Large Bed White Dutch

72

FICS.

SYN.,PSIS OF FIGS.
I. FEUIT EOUXD, EOUXDISH, OR TUEBINi.TE.

§ Sl'hi darJc. Flesh red.

Black Bourjas3otte Early Yiolet

Black Genoa Malta

Black Ischia Pregussata
Brovni Iscliia

§§ Skin pale.
* Flesh red.
Large White Genoa White Ischia

Savantine Yellow Ischia

White Boviijassotte

** Flesh tvhite.
Angelique Marseilles

Early White Eaby Castle

II. FEUIT LONG, PYEIFOEM, OE OBOVATE.

§ Ski)i dark. Flesh red.

Black Provence Brunswick

Bordeaux Peau dure

Brown Turkey Violette Grosse

Angelique (Melitte; Madeleine; Coucourelle Blanche).
— Below medium size, about two inches long and an inch
and three quarters broad ; obovate. Skin yellow, dotted
with long greenish-white specks. Flesh white under the
skin, but tinged with red towards the centre. When
well ripened, the fruit is of good quality, and perfumed.
It requires artificial heat to bring it to perfection, and
forces well.

Ashridge Forcing. See Brown Turkey.

fiGS. 73

D'Athenes. See Marseilles.

Aubique Violette. See Bordeaux.

Aubiquon. See Bordeaux.

Aulique. See Violette Grosse.

Barnissotte. See Black Bourjassotte.

Bayswater. See Brunsivick.

De Bellegarde. See BlacJc Bourjassotte.

Black BorEJASSOTTE {Precoce Noire; Barnissotte ; De
Bellegarde). — Large, roundisli. Skin darli: purple. Flesh
red at the centre, and of good quality ; but requires heat
to bring it to perfection. September. Tree an abundant
bearer.

Black Genoa [Nigra; Negro d'Espagne; Noire de
Languedoc). — Large, oblong, broad towards the apex,
and very slender towards the stalk. Skin dark purple,
almost black, and covered with a thick blue bloom.
Flesh yellowish under the skin, but red towards the
interior, juicy, with a very sweet and rich flavour. End
of August. Tree very hardy, and a good bearer.

Black Ischia [Blue Ischia ; Early Forcing ; Bonde
Noire ; Nero). — Medium sized, turbinate, flat at the top.
Skin deep purple, almost black when ripe. Flesh deep
red, sweet, and luscious. Tree hardy, and an excellent
bearer ; succeeds well in pots. August.

Black Marseilles. See Black Provence.

Black Naples. See Brunswick.

Black Peovence {Black Marseilles). — Below medium
size, oblong. Skin dark brown. Flesh red, tender, very
juicy, and richly flavoured. Tree bears abundantly, and
is well adapted for forcing.

Blanche. See Marseilles.

Blue. See Brown Turkey.

Blue Burgundy. See Brown Turkey.

Blue Ischia. See Black Ischia.

BoEDEAUX ( Violette ; Violette Longue ; Violette de
Bordeaux; Auhiquon; Auhique Violette; Petite Aubique ;
Figue- Poire). — Large, pear-shaped, rounded at the head,
and tapering to a small point at the stalk. Skin deep
violet, strewed with long green specks. Flesh red, sweet,.

74 FIGS.

and well flavoured. Only a second-rate variety, and tlie
tree is so tender, that it is apt to be cut down, even to the
ground, by severe frosts.

Bourjassotte Blanche. See White JBourjassotte.

Bourjassotte !Noire. See Black Bourjassotte.

Brocket Hall. See White Ischia.

Brown Hamburgh. See BrunsivicJc.

Beown Ischia {Chestnut-coloured Ischia). — Medium
sized, roundish-turbinate. Skiu light brown, or chestnut
coloured. E3^e very large. Flesh purple, sweet, and
high-flavoured. Fruit apt to burst i-y too much wet.
This is one of the best of figs, ripening in the beginning
and middle of August. Tree an excellent bearer, pretty
hardy, and bears as a standard in favourable situations.
It forces well.

Brown Italian. See Broion Turlcey.

Brown Naples. See Brown Turlcey.

BROvrN Turkey {Ashridge Forcing ; Blue; Common
Blue; Blue Burgundy ; Broicn Italiayi; Brown Najjles ;
Bone/ Naples; Early; Howich ; Italian; Jerusalem;
Large Blue ; Lee s Perpetual ; Murrey; Purple; Small
Blue; Fleur Rouge; Walton). — Large and pyriform.
Skin brownish red, covered with blue bloom. Flesh red
and \evy luscious. Tree very prolific, hardy, and one of
the best for out-door culture, as a standard. August and
September.

Bruxsw^icz (Bayswater ; Black Naples ; Brown Ham-
hurgh ; Clementine ; Hanover; Madonna; Large White
Turkey; Hose Blanche; Bose Beyronne; Peronne ; Pose;
Bed). — Very large and pyriform, oblique at the apex,
which is very much depressed. Skiu greenish yellow in
the shade ; violet brown on the other side. Flesh yellow
under the skin, tinged with red towards the centre. Very
rich and excellent. Middle of August. The tree is very
hardy and an excellent bearer, and certainly the best for
out-door cultivation against walls.

Cliestnut-eoloured Ischia. See Broim Ischia.

Clementine. See Brunsioick.

Common Purple. See Brown Turkey.

Cyprus. See Yellow Ischia.
> Early. See Brown Turkey.

FIGS. 75

Early Purple. See Black Ischia.

■ Eakly Violet. — Small, roundish. Skin brownisb. red,
covered with blue bloom. Flesh red, and well flavoured.
August, Tree hardy, and an abundant bearer ; well
adapted for pots and for forcing, when, according to Mr.
llivers, it bears three crops in one season.

Early White (^»2aZZ White; Small JSarly White). —
Fruit roundisli-turbinate, somewhat flattened at the apex.
Skin thin, pale yellowish white. Flesh white, sweet, but
not highly flavoured. August.

Figue-Poire. See Bordeaux.

Fleur Eouge. See Brown Turkey.

Ford's Seedling. See Marseilles.

Hanover. See BrunsicicJc.

Howick. See Brown Turkey.

Italian. See Brown Turkey.

Jerusalem. See Broicn Turkey.

Large Blue. See Brown Turkey.

Laege White Genoa. — Large, roundish-turbinate.
Skin thin, of a pale yellowish colour, when fully ripe.
Flesh red throughout, and of excellent flavour. End of
August. This is a variety of first-rate excellence, but
the tree is a bad bearer.

Large White Turkey. See Brunswick.

Lee's Perpetual. See Broion Turkey.

Long ISTaples. See Brown Turkey.

Madeleine. See Angeliquc.

Madonna. See Brunstoick.

Malta {Small Brown). — Small, roundish-turbinate,
compressed at the apex. Skin pale brown, when fully
ripe. Flesh the same colour as the skin ; very sweet,
and well flavoured. End of August. If allowed to hang
till it shrivels, it becomes quite a sweetmeat.

Marseillaise. See Marseilles.

Maus-eilles {Ford's Seedli)iff ; Pocock's; WJiite Mar-
seilles; White Xa_ples ; White Standard; B^At/ienesj
Blanche; Marseillaise).— 2\Ledinm sized, roundish-turbi-
nate, slightly depressed, and ribbed. _ Skin yellowish
white. Flesh white, very melting and juicy, with a rich.

76 FIGS.

sugary flavour, l^i-pe in August. One of tlie best for
forcing ; and also succeeds well in the open air against a
wall.

Murrey. See Brown Turkey.

Negro d'Espagne. See Blach Genoa.

JSTerii. See WJiite Iscliia. Tkere is no fig bearing
this name distinct from White Ischia ; and the variety
Mr. Knight introduced under that designation was the
same. EjMhe name " JSTerii," is intended the "Nero,"
or Black Eig, of the Italians, and the variety Mr. Knight
received under that name was evidently incorrect ; the
true Fico JSTero being the Black Ischia, and not the White
Ischia.

Nero. See Blach Ischia.

Noire de Languedoc. See Black Genoa.

CEiL DE Perdrix.— Small. Skin yellowish, with a
brownish tinge, having a small, bright red circle under
the surface round the eye : hence the origin of the name.
Flesh white, tinged with red, rich, and highly flavoured.
Tree an abundant bearer.

Peau Dure {Peldure ; Verte Brune). — Medium sized,
oblong ovate. Skin thick and tough, dark violet. Flesh
purplish red, and well flavoured ; but, w hen over-ripe, it
acquires a little acerbity.

Peldure. See Peau Dure.

Peronne. See Brunsioick.

Petite Aubique. See Bordeaux.

Pocock's. See Marseilles.

Precoce Noire. See Blach Bourjassotte.

Pregussata. — Small, round, compressed at the ends.
Skin purplish brown in the shade ; dark brown, covered
with pale spots, next the sun. Flesh deep red, rich, and
luscious. August to October. Well adapted for forcing.

Purple. See Brown Turhey.

Eaby Castle. — A variety closely resembling Mar-
seilles, but distinguished from it by having a longer stalk.

Red. See Brunswich.

Bonde Noire. See Blach Ischia.

Bose. See Brunswich,

FIGS. 77

Hose Beyronne. See BrunswicTc.

Hose Blanche. See JBrunsioich.

Savantine {Cordelliere). — Priiit round, marked along
its length with prominent nerves. Skin pale yellow.
Plesh pale red.

Singleton. See White IscMa.

Small Blue. See Brown TiirTcey.

Small Brown. See Malta.

Small Early White. See Earli/ White.

Small White. See Early White.

Verte Brune. See JPeau Dure.

Violette. See Bordeaux.

Yiolette de Bordeaux. See Bordeaux.

Violette Grosse [Auhique). — Large, oblong, and per-
haps the longest-shaped of any of the figs ; its length
being three times its diameter. Skin deep violet. Flesh
red.

Violette Longue. See Bordeaux.

Walton. See Broion Turlcey.

White Bouejassotte {Bourjassotte Blanche). — This is
extensively cultivated about Marseilles. The fruit is
turbinate. Skin yellowish white. Flesh red. The tree
attains a large size.

White Ischia [Green IscMa; Nerii ; Singleton;
BrocJcet Hall). — Small and turbinate. Skin pale greenish-
yellow, very thin, so much so, that when fully ripe, the
flesh, which is purple, shines through and gives the fruit
a brownish tinge. Rich, highly flavoured, and luscious.
End of August. The tree is of small habit of growth, a
great bearer, well adapted for pot-culture, and forces
well.

White Naples. See 3Iarseilles.

White Standard. See Marseilles.

Yellow Ischia {Cyprus). — Large, turbinate. Skin
yellow. Flesh dark red, tender and very juicy, with a
rich and sugaiy flavour. September.

78

FIGS.

LIST OF SELECT FIGS.

I. FOR STANDAEDS.
Black Ischia Bro\va Ischia Browu Turkey

Black Genoa
Black Iscbia
Brown Ischia

IL FOB WALLS.

Brown Turkey

Brunswick
Marsciiles

III. FOR FORCING, OR POT-CULTURE.

Angelique "White Ischia

Early Yiolet

Black Ischia
Brown Ischia
Browu Turkey

Marseilles
Pregussata

79

GOOSEBERRIES.

SYNOPSIS OF GOOSEBERRIES.
I. SKIN RED.

§ "Round or Roundish.

A. SJcin smootJi.
Prince Eegent (Boardman's)
Small Eed Globe

B. SJcin dovony.
Miss Bold

Scotch Nutmeg

C. SMn Tiairy,
Hairy Eed (Barton's)
Irish Plum

Ironmonger

Lancashire Lad (Hartshorn's)

Easpberry

Eifleman (Leigh's)

Eough Eed

Scotch Nutmeg

Shakespere (Denny's)

Small Eough Eed

Top Sawyer (Capper's)

Victory (Lomas')

§§ Ohlong, oval, or ohovate.
A. SJcin smoofJi.

Emperor Napoleon (Eiyal's)
Old England (Eider's)
Eed Turkey
Eingleader (Johnson's)
Eoaring Lion (Farrow's)
Sportsman (Chadwick's)
Wihnot's Early Eed

B. SJcin downy.
ZTarmer's Glory (Berry's)
Hagistrate (Diggle's)
lied Walnut

C. SJcin Jicdry.
Atlas (Brundrett's)
Beauty of England (Hamlet's)
Crown Bob (Melling's)
Early Black
Early Eough Eed
Eeens' Seedling
Over- All CBratherton's)
Pastime (Bratherton's)
Eed Champagne
Eed Mogul
Eed Oval
Eed "Warrington
Eob Eoy
Yaxley Hero (Speechley's)

II. SKIN YELLOW.

§ Round or RoimdisJi.

A. SJcin smootJi. c. SMn Jiairy.

ySow Ball Eockwood (Prophet's)

Sulphur

B. SJcin downy, Tellow Champagne
Golden Drop Yellow Warrington
BumbuUion

gQ GOOSEBEEEIES. ,^

§§ Oblonff, oval, or ohovate.

A. Skin smooth. Invincible (Iley wood's)

^ , . ,^ 1 .„, V Prince of Orange (Bell s)

Lord Combcrmere (Forester's) ^ gj^i^^ hairy.

Smiling Be.n;ty (Beaumont's) ^ • ^^^^ (Callow's)

Victory (Mather s) ^J g^ o^^^^

Viper (Gorton s) ^J^^^ ^\^^^^ ^p^^^^,^)

B. Shin doivny. Golden Gourd (Hill's)

Husbandman (Foster's) YeUowsmilh

III. SKIN GBEEN.

§ Mound or Boundish.

A. SJcin smooth. Joke (Hodkinsons's)
Glory of Kingston Perfection (Gregory's)
Green Gage (Horsefield's) C. SJcin hairi/.

Green Gascoigne

B. SMn doiony. Green Eumbullion
Green Willow Hebburn Prolific

§§ Oblong, oval, or ohovate.
A. SJcin smooth. B. Skin doivny.

Favourite (Bates') Jolly Angler (Collier's)

Glory of Ratcliff (Allen's) Laurel (Parkinson's)

Green Gage (Pitmaston) Profit (Prophet's)
Green Walnut r.T • 7 •

Heart of Oak (Massey's) ^' ^^'"^ ^^«"'y-

Independent (Briggs') Glenton Green

Jolly Tar (Edwards') Wistaston Hero (Bratherton'e)

IV. SKIN WHITE.

§ Bound or Boundish.

A. Skin smooth. C. Skin hairy.
Crystal Hedgehog

White Basp Hojal White

B. Skin downy. Snowball (Adams')
Early White

§§ Oblong, oval, or ohovate.

A. Skin smooth. Queen Caroline (Lovart's)

Lady Delamere (Wild's) White Eagle (Cooke's)

Lionness (Fennyhaugh's) White Fig

GOOSEBERRIES. 81

B. Skin downy. C. SUn hairy ^

Cheshire Lass (Saunders') Abraham Newlaud

Sheba Queen (Crompton's) Bonny Lass (Capper's)

WelUngton's Glory Briglit Yenus (Taylor's)

White Lily G-overness (Bratherton's)

White Lion (Cleworth's) Lady of the Manor (Hopley's)

Whitesmith (Woodward's) Princess Royal

White Champagne

Those v.r ^ties marked l.p. are of very large size, and are known
as Lancuiinre Prize Gooseberries." For the whole of these
descriptions I am indebted to the Horticultural Society's Cata-
logue, as I have had no opportunity of personally examining tliis
portion of the fruits of Great Britain.

Abraham Newland (Jackson's), l.p.— Large and ob-
long Skm white and hairy. Highly flavoured and
excellent. Bush erect.

Amber (Yelloto Amber; Smooth u4w5er). — Medium
sized, roundish. Skin smooth, greenish yellow. Of good
flavour, but not first-rate. Bush a good bearer : spread-
ing. ^

Aston. See Bed Warrington.

Aston Seedling. See Bed Warrington.

Atlas (Brundrett's), l.p.— Large, oblong. Skin red,
hairy. Of good flavour, but not first-rate. Bush erect.

Beauty of England (Hamlet's), l.p.— Large and ob-
long, bkm red, hairy. Of good flavour. Bush spreading.

Belmont's Green. See Green Walnut.

^BoNNT Lass (Capper's), l.p.— Large, oblong. Skin
wnite and hairy. Of second-rate quality. Bush spreadmg.

Bright Venus (Taylor's), L.p.-Medium sized, obo-
vate. fekin shghtly hairy, white, and covered with a
bloom when it hangs long. Sugary, rich, and excellent,
and hangs till it shrivels. Bush rather erect, and a good
bearer. "

British Prince. See Prince Regent (Boardman's).

Champagne, Eed {Dr. Davies Upright ; Countess of
^rro/).— Bather small and oblong, tapering a little to-
wards the stalk. Skm rather thick, light red, and hairy.

82 GOOSEBEEEIES.

Early. One of tlie ricliest flavoured of all the gooseber-
ries ; vinous, and very svreet. Bush very erect, and an
excellent bearer. This is frequently, and in Scotland
particularly, called " the Ironmonger."

Cheshike Lass (Saunders'), l.p. — Large and oblong.
Skin very thin, downy, and white. Flavour rich and
sweet. Bush erect, and a good bearer. Excellent for tarts,
on account of its early attaining a size for that purpose.

CuowN Bob (Melling's), l.p. — Very large and oblong.
Skin thin, hairy, bright red, with a greenish tiuge to-
ward the stalk. Of good flavour, and a first-rate variety.
Bush pendulous, and an abundant bearer.

CiiYSTAL. — Small and roundish. Skin thick, smooth,
or very slightly downy, and white. Of good flavour, and
chiefl}" valuable for coming in late. Bush spreading, and
rather pendulous ; leaves not hairy above.

Dr. Davies' Upright. See Seel Champagne.

Double Bearing. See Red Walnut (Eckersley's).

Duck Wiis^g (Buerdsill's), l.p. — Large and obovate.
Skin yellow, and smooth. A late variety, and only of
second-rate quality. Bush erect.

Eaelv Black. — Medium sized, oblong. Skin dark
red, and hairy. A second-rate variety. Bush pendulous.

Early Eough Bed.— Small, roundisli-oblong. Skin
red, and hairy. A well-flavoured variety, but not first-
rate. Bush spreading.

Eaely ^vj.v'kvr {Golden Ball ; Golden Bull; Mosss
^S'c?e(Z/?';?^).— Medium sized, roundish-oblong. Skin ycl-
iow, and hairy. Of second-rate quality. Bush erect,
very early, and a great bearer ; leaves downy.

Eaely White. — Medium sized, roundish-oblong. Skin
thin, transparent, yellovrish white, and slightly downy.
Very sweet, good, and early. A first-rate variety. Bush
spreading and erect ; an excellent bearer.

Empeeoe Napoleon (Eival's), l.p.— Large and obo-
vate. Skin red, and smooth. A second-rate variety.
Bush pendulous, and a good bearer.

Faemee's Gloey (Berry's), l.p.— Very large and obo-
vate. Skin thick, downy, and dark red, with a mixture
of green. A first-rate variety, and of excellent flavour.
Bush pendulous, and an abundant bearer.

G00SEBEREIE3. 83^

Favourite (Bates'). — Medium sized, oblong. Skin
smooth, and green. Plavour second-rate. Bush pendu-
lous.

Glenton Geeen {Yorlc Seedling). — Medium sized,
oblong, narrowest at the base. Skin rather thick, very
hairy, green, and with whitish veins. Of a sweet and
an excellent flavour. Bush pendulous, and au excellent
bearer. Young shoots downy, and sprinkled near the
base with small prickles. Leaves downy above.

Gloey of Kingston. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin
smooth, and green. Not highly flavoured. Bush spread-
ing, and a bad bearer.

Gloey of Eatcliff (Allen's). — Medium sized, oblong.
Skin thick, quite smooth, and light green. Of excellent
flavour, and sweet. Bush spreading and somewhat pen-
dulous, and a good bearer.

Golden Ball. See Early Sulphur.

Golden Bull. See Early Sulphur.

Golden Deop {Golden Lemon). — Medium sized,
roundish. Skin downy, and yellow. Of second-rate
quality. Bush erect.

Golden Fleece (Part's), l.p. — Yery large, oval. Skin
yellow, and hairy. Of first-rate quality.

Golden Goued (Hill's), l.p. — Yery large and oblong.
Skin greenish yellow, and hairy. Of second-rate quality.
Bush pendulous.

Golden Lemon. See Golden Drop.

GovEENESS (Bratherton's), l.p. — Large, roundish-
oblong. Skin greenish white, and hairy. Of second-
rate quality. Bush spreading.

Geeen Gage (Horsefield's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin green and smooth. Flavour only third-rate. Bush
spreading.

Geeen Gascoigne {Early Green; Early Green Sal ry).
■ — Small and round. Skin thin, dark green, and hairy.
Yery early, and sweet. Bush very erect, and an excel-
lent bearer.

Green Laurel. See Laurel,

Geeen Walnut {Belmont Green; Smooth Green;
Nonpareil). — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin very

84 GOOSEBEEEIES.

thin, dark green, and smootli. An ea,rly variet ", of ex-
cellent flavour. Bush with long-spreading shoots ; leaves
close to the branches ; and a great bearer.

Green Willow. See Laurel.

Grundy's Lady Lilford. See Whitesmith (Woodward's).

Hairy Amber. See Yellow Champagne.

Hairy Black. See Ironmonger.

Hairy Bed (Barton's). — Small and roundish. Skin
thick, red, and slightly hairy. Briskly and well flavoured.
Bush erect, and an excellent bearer.

Hall's Seedling. See Whitesmith (Woodward's).

Heart of Oak (Massey's), l.p. — Large and oblong,
tax^ering to the stalk. Skin thin, green, with yellowish
veins. Eich and excellent. Bush pendulous, and an
abundant bearer.

Hebbltrn Prolific. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin
rather thick, dull green, tmd hairy. Very rich and sweet.
Bush erect, with broad, thick leaves, and an abundant
bearer.

Hedgehog. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin thin,
white, and hairy. A richly -flavoured variety. Bush
erect ; the shoot's thickly set with small briskly^ spines.
This name is also applied to Glenton Green, in Scot-
land.

Husbandman (Foster's), l.p. — Large and obovate.
Skin yellow, and downy. Of second-rate quality. Bush
erect.

Independent (Brigg's), l.p. — Large and obovate.
Skin green and smooth. Of second-rate quality. Bush
erect, and a good bearer.

Invincible (Hey wood's), l.p. — Large and roundish-
oblong. Skin yellow, and clowny. Of second-rate qua-
lity. Bush erect.

Irish Plum. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin dark
red, and hairy. A first-rate dessert sort. Bush erect.

Ironmonger {Hairy Slack). — Small and roundish.
Skin red, and hairy. A first-rate variety, of excellent
flaA'our, but inferior to Bed Champagne, which is also
known under this name chiefly in Scotland ; and from
which it is distinguished in having rounder and darker red

GOOSEBEEEIES. 85

fruit, and a spreadin,^ bush — that of the E-ed Champagne
being erect ; leaves downy.

Jolly Anglees (Collier's), l. p. {Lays Jolly Angler). —
Large and oblong. Skin green, and downy. Of first-
rate quality, and a good late sort. Bush erect.

Jolly Tae (Edwards'), l.p. — Large and obovate. Skin
green, and smooth. Of first-rate quality. Bush pendu-
lous, and a good bearer.

Keens' Seedling {Keens Seedling Warrington). —
Medium sized, oblong. Skin brownish red, hairy. Of
first-rate quality. Bush pendulous ; a great bearer, and
earlier than Red Warrington.

Lancashiee Lad (Hartshorn's), l.p. — Large and
roundish. Skin dark red, and hairy. Of second-rate
quality. Bush erect, and a good bearer.

Lancashii'e Lass. See Whitesmith ("Woodward's).

Laueel (Parkinson's), l.p. {G-reen Laurel; Green
Willoio). — Large and obovate. Skin pale green, and
downy. A first-rate variety, somewhat resembling Wood-
ward's Whitesmith. Bush erect, and a good bearer.

Lay's Jolly Angler. See Jolly Anglers (Collier's).

LoED CoMBEEiiEEE (Forestcr's), L.p. — Large and obo-
vate. Skin yellow, and smooth. Of second-rate quality.
Bush spreading.

Magistbate (Biggies'), l.p. — Large and obovate. Skin
red, and downy. A first-rate variety. Bush spreading.

Miss Bold {Pigeon s Egg). — Medium sized, roundish.
Skin red, and downy. Of first-rate qualit}^, and early ;
it somewhat resembles Red Walnut, but is better. Bush
spreading.

Moss' Seedling. See Red Warrington.

Murrey. See Red Walnut.

Nonpareil. See Green Walnut.

Nutmeg. See Raspberry.

Old England (Eider's), l.p. — Large and roundish-
oblong. Skin dark red, and smooth. Of second-rate
quality, resembling Wilmot's Early Eed. Bush pendu-
lous.

Old Preserver. See Raspberry.

86 GOOSEBEEEIES.

Ovee-All (Bratherton's), l.p. — Large and oblong.
Skin red, and hairy. Of second-rate quality. Busli
pendulous.

Pasti^ie (Bratlierton's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin dark red, and hairy. Of second-rate quality. The
fruit is often furnished with extra bracts attached to its
sides. Bush pendulous.

Pebfection (Gregory's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin green, and downy. A first-rate variety, and late.
Bush pendulous.

Pigeon's Egg. See Miss Sold.

PiTMASTON Geeen Gage. — Small and obovate. Skin
green, and smooth. A first-rate variety, very sugary,
and will hang on the bush till it becomes shrivelled.
Bush erect.

Prince of Oeange (Bell's), L.r. — Large and oblong.
Skin yellow, and downy. Of second-rate quality. Bush
pendulous.

Prince Eegent (Boardman's), l.p. — Large and
roundish. Skin dark red, and smooth. A second-rate
variety. Bush spreading.

Princess Eoyal, l.p. — Large and obovate. Skin
greenish-white and hairy. Of first-rate quality. Bush
pendulous, and a good bearer.

Profit (Prophet's), l.p. — Large and oblong. Skin
green and downy. Of second-rate quality. Bush
spreading.

Queen Caroline (Lovart's). — Medium sized, obovate.
Skin white and smooth. Of second-rate quality. Bush
erect.

Easpbeery {Old Preserver; Kutmeg). — Fruit small,
roundish-oblong. Skin thick, dark red, and hairy. Eichly
flavoui-ed and sweet. Eipens early. Bush spreading,
and a good bearer.

Eed Champagne {Br. Davies Uf right ; Countess of
Errol; Ironmonger, in Scotland). — Small and roundish-
oblong, sometimes tapering towards the stalk. Skin
rather thick, light red, and hairy. Flavour very rich,
vinous, and sweet. Bush very erect, and a good bearer.
This is known in Scotland by the name of " Ironmonger.'

Bed Mogul.— Small, and roundish-oblong. Skin thin.

600SEBEREIES. fe7

red, ^vitli a mixture of green, and hairy. Of first-rate
quality. Busk spreading, and a good bearer ; leaves
smooth., by which it is distinguished from Ironmonger.

Eed Oval, l.p. — Large and oval. Skin red, and hairy.
Of first-rate quality. Bush spreading.

Red Wal^iut [Murrey ; Eckersleys Double-hearing).
— Medium sized, obovate. Skin red, and downy. An
early variety. Of second-rate quality. Bush spreading.

IvED Waeeington {Asto)i ; Asfoti Seedling ; Yolunteer).
— Above medium size, roundisli-oblong. Skin red, and
hairy. A first-rate late variety, and highly esteemed for
preserving. Bush pendulous.

EiFLEMAN (Leigh's), L.p. {AlcocTcs Dul-e of York;
Yates JRoyal Anne ; Grrange's Admirable). — Large,
roundish. Skin red, and hairy. A first-rate late variety.
Bush erect, and a good bearer.

EiNGLEADER (Johusou's), L.P. — Large and oblong.
Skin red, and smooth. A second-rate variety. Bush-
pendulous.

HoAEiXG Liox (Farrow's), l.p. {Great Chance). — Very
large, oblong. Skin red, and smooth. A second-rate
variety as to flavour, but one of the largest in size. Bush
pendulous.

E.OB E.OY. — Medium sized, obovate. Skin red, and
hairy. A first-rate variety, and very early. Bush erect.

RocKWOOD (Prophet's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin yellow, and hauy. Flavour second-rate. Bush
erect.

EouGH Bed [Little Bed Hairy; Old Scotch Red;
Thick- shinned Red). — Small and round. Skin red, and
hairy. A first-rate variety, of excellent flavour, and
highly esteemed for preserving. Bush spreading.

Rough Yellow. See Suljphur.

Bound Yellow. See Rumbullion.

Royal White. — Small and round. Skin white, and
hairy. A first-rate dessert variety. Bush erect.

Rumbullion [Yellon^ Globe; Round Yellow). — Small
and roundish. Skin pale yellow, and downy. Flavour
of second-rate quality. Bush erect, and a great bearer ;
and the fruit much grown for bottling.

88 GOOSEBEKEIES.

EtTMBULLioN, Gbeen. — Small and round. Skin green,
and hair}'. Flavour second-rate. Bush erect.

Scotch Nutmeg. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin red,
hairy, or downy. Flavour second-rate. Bush erect.

Shakespeee (Denny's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin red, and hairy. Of first-rate flavour. Bush erect.

Sheba Queen (Crompton's), l.p. — Large and obovate.
Skin white, and downy. Flavour of the first quality.
Bush erect. Very similar to Whitesmith.

Sir Sidney Smith. See Whitesmith (Woodward's).
Small Dark Eough Eed. See Small RougJi Red.

Small Bed Globe {Smooth Scotch). — Small and
roundish. Skin smooth, and red. Of first-rate quality,
and with a sharp, rich flavour. Bush erect.

Small Eough Bed {Small Dark JRough Red). —
Small and round. Skin red, and hairy. Of first-rate
quality, and early. Bush spreading, and the leaves
pubescent.

Smiling Beauty (Beaumont's), l.p. — Large and ob-
long. Skin thin, yellow, and smooth. Of first-rate
flavour. Bush pendulous, and a good bearer.

Smooth Amber. See Amber.

Smooth Green. See Green Walnut.

Smooth Bed. See Turlcey Red.

Smooth Scotch. See Small Red Glohe.

Snowball (Adams').— Medium sized, roundish. Skin
white, and hairy. Of first-rate flavour. Bush pendulous.

Sportsman (Chadwick's), l.p. —Large and obovate.
Skin dark red, and smooth. Flavour second-rate. Bush
spreading.

SuLPHUE {Rough Yelloio) .~^mdX\ and roundish. Skin
yellow, and hairj-. Flavour of first-rate quality. Bush
erect, and the leaves not pubescent, by which it is dis-
tinguished from Early Sulphur.

Thick-skinned Red. See Rough Red.

Top Sawyee (Capper's), l.p. — Large and roundish.
Skin pale red, and hairy. Flavour of second-rate quality.
Bush pendulous.

TuEKEY Bed {Smooth JSet/).— Small and obovate. Skin

GOOSEBEBRIES. 89

smootli, and red. Of first-rate flavour. Bush spread-
ing.

VicTOEY (Lomas'), l.p. — Large and roundish. Skin
red, and hairy. Of second-rate flavour, but much es-
teemed for cooking. Bush pendulous.

YiCTOEY (Mather's), l.p. — Large and ohovate. Skin
yellow, and smooth. Flavour only second-rate. Bush
spreading.

ViPEE (Gorton's), l.p. — Large and obovate. Skin
greenish yellow, and smooth. Flavour second-rate. Bush
pendulous.

Volunteer. See Red Warrington.

Wellington's Gloey, l.p. — Large and roundish-
oblong. Skin thin, while, and downy. Flavour of first-
rate quality. Bush erect.

White Champagne. — Small and roundish- oblong.
Skin white, and hairy. Flavour of first-rate quality.
Bush erect ; leaves pubescent.

White Eagle (Cook's), l.p. — Large and obovate.
Skin white, and smooth. Flavour of first-rate quality.
Bush erect.

White Fig. — Small and obovate. Skin white, and
smooth. Flavour of first-rate quality, and rich. Bush
spreading, but tender.

White Lily. — Medium sized, obovate. Skin white,
and downy. Flavour of second-rate quality. Bush
erect.

White Lion (Cleworth's), L.p.—Large and obovate.
Skin white, and downy. Of first-rate quality, and a good
late sort. Bush pendulous.

White Easp. — Small and round. Skin white, and
smooth. Flavour of second-rate quahty. Bush spreading.

Whitesmith (Woodward's), l.p. {Whitesmith; Sir
Sidney Smith; HalVs Seedling; Lancashire Lass;
Grundy s Lady Lilford).— Large, roundish-oblong. Skin
white, and downy. Flavour of first-rate excellence. Bush
erect, and a good bearer.

Wilmot's Eaely Eed.— Large and roundish-oblong.
Skin dark red, and smooth. Of second-rate quality.
Bush pendulous.

Wistaston Hebo (Bratherton's), l.p. — Large and

w

GOOSEBEEEIES.

oblong. Skin green, and liairy. Flavour second-rate.
Bush erect.

Yates' Uoyal Anne. See Rijieman.

Yaxley Heeo (Speecliley's), l.p. — Large and oboyato.
Skin red, and hairy. Flavour of first-rate quality. Eush
erect.

Yellow Amber. See Amber.

Yellow Ball. — Medium sized, roundish. Skin j-eliow,
and smooth. Flavour of first-rate quality. Bush erect.

Yellow Champagne [Hairy Amher). — Small and
roundish. Skin yellow, and hairy. Of first-rate excel-
lence. Bush erect.

Yellow Globe. See Rumhullion.

Yellow^smith. — Small and roundish-oblong. Skin
yellow, and hairy. Of first-rate quality, resembling
Yellow Champagne. Bush erect.

Yellow Waeeington {Yellow Aston). — Middle sized,
roundish-oblong. Skin yellow, and hairy. Of first-rate
quality. Bush pendulous.

York Seedling. See Glenton Green.

SELECT GOOSEBEEEIES.

Ironmonger
Keens' Seedling
Miss Bold
Easpberry
Eed Champagne
Eed Globe

Early Sulphur
Glory of KatchJQP
Bockwood

Green Gascoigne
Green Pronfic
Green Walnut

¥0R DESSEET USE.
Bed.

Yello2v.

Gr

een.

Eed WaiTington
jvouglx Eed
Scotch IS' lit meg
Small Eougli Eed
Turkey El-cI
Wilmot's Kurlv Eed

Eumbullion
Yellow iJall
Yellow Champagne

Heart of Oak
Hebbm-n Prolific
Pitmaston Green Gage

GOOSEBEEEIES.

91

Bright Yenu3
Crystal
Earlv Wliite

White.

Hedge i)og

Wliite Champagne

Whitesmith

FOE EXHIBITIOIS",

WITH THEIR GREATEST WEIGHTS.

Dwts.

Cboipanion 26

Conquering Ilei'o . 28
Lion's ProTidcr... 25

Red,

Gis.
8
3

Yelloto.

Dwts. Grs.

Catherhie 27 14

Drill 27 9

Gunner 20 23

Green,

Dwts. Grs.

General 23 21

Gretna Green 22 7

Over- All 23 10

White.

DMt>-. Grs.

Eagle 20 0

Freedom 23 16

Lady Leicester ... 22 9

Dwtr. Grs.

London 34 7

Slaugliterman ... 24 17
Wonderful 28 12

Dwts. Gr.s.

Leader 24 12

Pilot 23 0

EailvTay 22 21

Dwts. Grs,
Queen Yictoria... 23 8

Thumper 25 6

Turnout 22 0

Dwts. Grs.
Queen of Trumps 25 12

Snowball 23 8

Snowdrop 23 0

92

GRAPES.

SYNOPSIS OF GRAPES.

I. BERRIES ROUND, OR NEARLY SO.

A. 3Iuscats.f
August Muscat
Black Frontignan
Caillaba

Earlj Black Muscat
July Muscat
Purple Coiistantia
Sarbelle Muscat

B. Not Muscats.
Barbarossa

* Black or Purple.

Bidwill's Seedling
Black Corinth
Black ! 'amascus
Black July
Black Muscadine
Black St. Peter'8
Black Sweetwater
Dutch Hamburgh
Esperione
Erankenthal
Miller's Burgundy

** Red, Tawny, or Striped.
A. Muscats. B. Not Muscats.

Catawba Aleppo

Red Frontignan Chasselas de Falloux

Madeira Muscat Gromier du Cantal

Negropont Chasselas
Red Chasselas

*#* White,
A. Muscats.
Chasselas Mu?que
Early Saumur Muscat
Muscat Ottonel
White Frontignan

B. Not Muscats.
Buckland Sweetwater
Calabrian Raisin
Chaptal

Chasselas Duhamel
Chasselas Vibert

Yellow, or Green.

Ciotat

Early Chasselas
Early Malingre
Early White Malvasia
Pitmaston White Cluster
Prohfic Sweetwater
Royal Muscadine
White Corinth
White Nice
White Rissling
White Sweetwater

+ The term " Muscats " includes, besides the true Muscats, the American
Grapes, with their peculiar foxy flavour.

GEAPES.

93

II. BERRIES OVAL, OE NEARLY SO.

* Black or

A. Unseats.

Black Muscat of Alexandria

Isabella

Muscat Hamburgh

B. Not Muscats.
Black Champion
Black Cluster
Black Hamburgh
Black Muscadine

Purple.

Black Prince

Blussard Xoir

Burchardt's Prince

Cambridge Botanic Garden

Gros Maroc

Ischia

Kempsey Alicante

Lady Downe's Seedling

CEillade

Trentbam Black

West's St. Peter's

** Red, Tawny, or Striped.

A. Muscats. Morocco

■^o^YQ Purple Fontainbleau

Schiras

B. Not Muscats,
Lombardy

*4.* White, Telloiv, or G-reen.

A Muscats.
Bowood Muscat
Charlesworth Tokay
Canon Hall Muscat
Muscat of Alexandria
Muscat St. Laurent

B. Not Muscats.

Alexandrian Ciotat
Burchardt's Amber Cluster
Cornichon Blanc

Early Green Madeira

Golden Hamburgh

Marchioness of Hastings

St. John's

Scotch White Cluster

Syrian

Trebbiano

Verdelho

White Lisbon

White Komain

White Tokay

Aiga Passera. See Black Cot^nth.

Aleppo (Striped Mtiseadine ; Variegated CJiasselas ;
Chasselas Panache ; Morillon Panache ; Raisin d'Alep ;
Raisin Suisse). — Bunches medium sized, loose, and not
shouldered. Berries medium sized, round, of various
colours, some being black, others white or red, \vhile
some are striped with black, or red and white ; sometimes
a bunch will be half white and half black ; and others
arc wholly white or wholly black. The flesh is inferior

94 GRAPES.

in flavour. Tlie vine succeeds in a warm vinery, but
requires tlie liotliouse to bring it to perfection. The
leaves are striped with green, red, and yellow.

Alexandrian Ciotat. — Bunches large, long, and loose,
with narrow shoulders. Berries oval. Skin thin, pale
yellow, but becoming of an amber colour as the fruit
are highly ripened, and covered with numerous russety
dots. Flesh firm and bi:eaking, juicj% and well flavoured.
Eipens with the heat of a vinery. A good bearer, but
the bunches set badly.

Alexandrian Frontignan. See Muscat of Alexandria.

Alicante. — This is a name given to several varieties
of grapes in the south of France and in the Peninsula,
but is not applicable to any variety in particular. In
the department of Gard, it is applied to Gromier du
Cantal. In Andalusia it is the same as the Tintilla and
Tinto of the same vineyards, the 3Iourvede of Provence,
and Mataro of the Eastern Pyrennees. Then the Alicante
of Bauches-des-Elione vineyards is the Granaxa of Arra-
gon, and Gra^ar/ze of Eastern Pyrennees ; while, in the
neighbourhood of Alicante, the name is given to two or
three different sorts. In Great Britain, JBlack Prince
and JBlaclc St. Peter s are sometimes called Alicante ;
but a distinct variety from all the above, being sent to
me simply under the name of Alicante, I have, to dis-
tiuguish it, called it Kem^psey Alicante, which see.

Alicantweine. See Black Prince.

Amber IMuscadine. See Royal Muscadine.

Ansley's Large Oval. See Morocco,

Arkansas. See Cataioha.

D'Arboyce. See Royal Muscadine.

ArGUST !MrscAT [Muscat d'Aoiit). — Berries medium
sized, round, inclining to oval. Skin deep purple. Flesh
very rich and juicy, with a slight Muscat aroma. An
early grape, ripening about the end of August. The
vine forms a dwarf bush, and on that account is well
adapted for pot culture, but it is a delicate grower. It
ripens against a wall.

August Traube. See JBlack July.

Auvergne. See Placlc Cluster.

Auvernat. See Black Cluster.

GfiAPES VO

Baebaeossa {Brizzola ; Rossea ; Prince Alheri). —
Bunches twelve to eighteen inches long, shouldered,
tapering, and compact. Berries round, inclining to oval.
Skm tough, but not thick, of a deep black colour, covered
TTith thm bloom. Flesh tender, juicy, and of good flavour,
though not rich. A valuable late grape, hanging all the
winter ; and requires the aid of artificial heat to ripen it.
The vine is a bad bearer, except in poor soils.

Barbarous:. See Gromier du Cantal.

Bar-sur-Aube. See Early CJiasselas.

Bee d'Oiseau. See CornicJion Slanc.

BiDV/iLL 's Seedling. — This variety, raised at Exeter,
has a considerable resemblance to Black Prince, of which
it is probably another form. It ripens very well against
a wall in the west of England by the end of October.

"Black Alicante. See BlacJc Prhice.

Black Burgundy. See Black Cluster.

Black Champion {Champion Samhurgh). — Bunches
with short, thick stalks, not shouldered, thickly set.
Barries large, roundish-oval. Skin thin, black, or dark
purple, covered with fine thin bloom. Flesh tender, but
somewhat firm, very juicy, rich, and sweet ; having rarely
any stones, or more than one. This is about a fortnight
earlier tlian Black Hamburgh in the same house, and
always colours better and more freely than that variety ;
the berry is also more oval, and the wood shorter jointed.
Ptipens in a cool vinery.

Black Ci.v&T^^{Auvergne; Aiivernat; Blade Burgundy ;
Black JSIorilloni Burgundy ; Blauer Clavner ; Early
Black; JSIorillon jSfoir ; Pineau; Schwa rzcr Pi esslincf). —
Bun 'hes small, very compact, cylindrical, and occasionally
sliouldered. Berries generally oval, inclining to roundish.
Skin thin, blue-black, covered with blue bloom. Flesli
juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. Bipens well against
a wall in the open air, and is one of the best for this pur-
pose. The bunches are larger than those of Miller's
Burgundy. This is one of the varieties most extensively
cuUivated for wine on the Ehine and the Moselle, and it
also furnishes the greater part of the Champagne and
Burgundy wines.

Black Constantia. See Pu}ple Constantia.

Black CoEiNTH {Currant; Corinthe Noir ; PassoVina

96 GRAPES.

ISI'era; Aiga Passera ; Zante). — Bunches compact, small,
and short. Berries small and round, not lari^er than
a pea, with some larger ones interspersed. Skin thin,
black, and covered with blue bloom. Flesh .luicy, sweet,
richly flavoured, and without stones. Requires the heat
of a Vinery. This variety furnishes the " Cui'rants " of
commerce.

Black Da^mascus (Worksop Majior). — Bunches larp:©
and loose. Berries large and round, interspersed with
others of small size. Skin thin, but tough, of a deep
black colour. Flesh juic}', sweet, and richly flavoured.
A first-rate late grape, requiring the heat of a hothouse
to bring it to perfection.

Black Feontignan {Muscat Noir ; Muscat Noir
Ordinaire ; Sir IVilliam Roicleys Slack). — Bunches
pretty large, cylindrical, somewhat loose, and occasion-
ally shouldered. Berries small, round, and unequal in
size. Skin thin, blue-black, and covered with blue
bloom. Flesh firm, red, and juicy, with a rich vinous
and musky flavour. Eipens against a wall in favourable
situations and in warm seasons ; but is generally grown
in a vinery.

Black Hambuegh {IIampto)i Court; Knevett's Black
Hamburgh ; JRed Harnhurgh ; Warners Hamburgh;
Blaucr TroUinger ; Maroquin d' Espagne). — Bunches
large, broadly shouldered, conical, and well set. Berries
roundish-oval. Skin thin, but membranous, deep blue-
black, covered with blue bloom. Flesh rather firm, but
tender, very juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavoured.

This highly-popular grape succeeds under every form
of vine culture. It ripens against a wall, in favourable
situations, in the open air. It succeeds well in a cool
vinery ; and it is equally well adapted for forcing. The
vine is a free bearer ; and the fruit will hang, under good
management, till January and February.

Black July {Early Black July ; July ; Madeleine ;
Madeleine Noir ; Morillon Hat if ; Raisin Precoce ; De
St. Jean; August Trauhe ; Jacob's Traube). — Bunches
small and cylindrical. Berries small and round. Skin
thick, deep purple, covered with blue bloom. Flesh
sweet and juicy, but not highly flavoured. Its chief
recommendation is its great earliness, and the facility
V. iih which it ripens against a wall in the open air. The
liowers are tender, and, consequently, unless grown iu a

GSArES. 97

cool vinery, the bundles are loose, and tlie berries thin ;
but wken protected, the plant produces close, compact
bunches, and is an excellent bearer. Although tliis is
the earliest grape, it is not so highly flavoured as Black
Cluster and Miller's Burgundy.

Black Lisbon. See Black Prince,

Black Lombardy. See JVcsfs St. Feter&.

Black Morillon. See Black Cluster,

Black Morocco. See J^Iorocco.

Black Muscadel. See 2forocco.

Black Muscadine {Black Chasselas ; Chasselas Koir).
— Bunches medium sized, compact. Berries about medium
sized, round, inclining to oval. Skin thick, deep purplish-
black, covered with blue bloom. Flesh juicy, sweet,
sugary, and richly flavoured. When well ripened, this,
is an excellent grape, and has a trace of musky aroma in.
its flavour i but, to obtain it thus, it recjuires to be grown
in a warm vinery.

Black Muscat of Alexandria {Hed Muscat of Alex-
andria).— Bunches large and shouldered. Berries large
and oval. Skin thick, dark reddish-purple. Flesh firm
and crackling, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavour.
A lirst-rate grape. The berries are rather smaller than
those of the ^Yhite Muscat of Alexandria, but are equally
rich m flavour, and ripen more easily. It may be grown
eith ^r in a warm vinery, or a hothouse ; but the latter is
not 'ndispensable.

731ack Palestine. See Black St. Peter s.
Black Portugal. See Black Prince.

Black Peince {Alicante; Boston; Pocock's Damascus;
Sir A. Pytcht s Black ; Steivard's Black Prince; Blauer
von Alicanf ; Alicantemcein). — Bunches long, and gene-
rally without shoulders ; but occasionally shouldered.
Berries above medium size, oval. Skin thick, deep
purplish-black, covered with thick blue bloom. Flesh
white, or greenish, tender, very juicy, with a rich, sugary,
and sprightly flavour. The seed- bearing string (placenta),
which is drawn out when the berry is separated from the
stalk, has a crimson streak in it. This is a grape of first-rate
quality, ripens Avell in a cool vinery, or against a wall, in
i'avgurable situations j and always colours well. The vine

98 GBAPES.

is a good bearer ; the leaves in autumn die off, beautifully
variegated Trith red, green, and yellow.

This is the Alicani and Blach SjmnisJi of Speedily,
and, according to him, it is also called Lombardy ; hxxt
the true Black Spanish is Blade St. Feters, and it is
sometimes called Alicante. It is also the Blauer von
Alicante of Fintlemann, and the AUcanttoeine of Christ.

Black St. Petee's {Alicante; Blach Lisbon; Blach
Port I' gal ; Blach Palestine ; Blach Spanish ; Blach
Valcntia; .St. Peters; lEspagne Noir ; Sanct Peters
Traube ; ScJiwarzer Spanisc/icr). — Bunches large and
long, sometimes shouldered. Berries above medium size,
round. Skin thin, deep blue-black, and covered with
bloom. Flesh tender, juicy, and with a rich, brisk flavour.
An excellent late grape that will hang till March. It
requires to be grown in a warm vinery ; but will not
bear much forcing, otherwise the berries are liable to
crack.

Blacksmith's White Cluster. See Scotch White
Cluster.

Black Spanish. See Blach Prince.

Black Spanish. See Blach St. Peter's.

Black Sweetwatee [Water zoet Noir). — Bunches small,
short, and compact. Berries round. Skin very thin,
and black. Flesh tender, juicy, and very sweet ; but has
little aroma or richness. This succeeds well against a
wall, where it ripens early, or in a cool vinery; but it is
impatient of forcing, and the berries are liable to crack
when subjected to too much heat.

Black Tripoli. — The Black Tripoli grown at Welbeck
since the time of Speechly has long been considered a
distinct variety. By some it has been stated to be iden-
tical with the Black Hamburgh, and others have as dis-
tinctly asserted that it is totally different from that
variety. When it is considered that there are two
varieties of grapes cultivated in the country under the
name of Black Hamburgh, this diversity of opinion is
easily accounted for. From the true Black Hamburgh
it is certainly distinct ; but with the Franhtnthal, which
is also grown under that name, it is as certainly identical.
See Pranhenthal.

Black Valentia. See Blach St. Peter's.

GEAPES. 0&

Blanc Precoce de Kienzlieim. See Early KienZ'
heim.

Blanche. See St. JoTin s.

Elauer von Alicant. See Blade Prince.

Blauer Clavner. See Blade Cluster.

Blauer Miillerrebe. See Millers Burgundy.

Blauer Trollinger. See Blade Hamhurgh.

Blue Frontignan. See Burple Constantia.

Blussaed Note. — Bunches small and rather loose, not
shouldered. Berries medium sized, roundish-oval. Skin
rather thin, black, and covered with bloom. Flesh tender,
juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. The vine is a very
strong grower, but a bad bearer. It is earlier than Black
Hamburgh.

Boston. See Blade Prince.
Boudales. See GEillade.

BowooD Muscat. — This Is a seedling raised from Mus-
cat of Alexandria, to which it bears a close resemblance,
but it differs from its parent in setting its fruit better,
and in being a better bearer, and much earlier. It is an
excellent grape.

Brizzola. See Barharossa.

BucKLAND SwEETWATEE. — Bunchcs large, shouldered,
and well set, heart-shaped. Berries large, round, inclining
to oval. Skin thin, transparent, pale green, becoming
pale amber when ripe. Flesh tender, melting, and very
juicy, sweet, and well flavoured. Seeds rarely more than
one in each berry. It ripens in a cool vinery.

Buechaedt's Ambee Clustee. — Bunches medium
sized, conical. Berries medium sized, oval. Skin thin,
yellowish-white, becoming amber coloured when ripe.
Flesh very juicy, rich, and sugary. Earlier than the
Royal Muscadine, and a first-rate grape.

Buechaedt's Peince. — Bunches long and tapering,
larger than those of the Black Prince. Berries medium
sized, roundish-oval. Skin thick, of a deep black colour,
covered with dense bloom. Flesh firm, juicy, melting,
rich, and vinous. An excellent late grape, requiring
heat.

Burgundy. See Blade Cluster.

100 GHAPES.

Busby's Golden Hamburgli. See Golden HamhurgJi,

Caillaba {Caillaha Noir Musquee). — Bunclies long.
Berries rather belo^v medium size, round. Skin thia,
but membranous, black. Flesb tender, juicy, and sweet,
witli a Muscat flavour. Tkis is a moderately earlj'- grape,
and ripens in a cool vinery about the beginning or middle
of September. The vine is delicate, and requires high
cultivation.

Calabkian Eaisin {Raisin de Calahre). — Bunches
large, slightly shouldered, long, and tapering, sometimes
upwards of a foot in length. Berries large, quite round.
Skin thick, but so transparent that tlie texture of the
flesh and the stones are distinctl}'' visible ; white. Flesh
moderately firm, with a sugar}^ juice and good flavour.
This is a late and long-hanging grape, forming an excellent
white companion to Black St. Peter's. It is not of first-
rate quality as to flavour ; but is, nevertheless, a valuable
grape to grow on account of its late-keeping properties.
The vine is a strong grower and a good bearer ; succeeds
in a cool vinery, and will also stand a good deal of heat.

Cambeidge Botaxic Gaeden. — This has been said to
be identical with Black Prince, with which it lias now,
in many instances, got confounded ; but it differs from
that variety in having shorter and much more compact
bunches. Bunches rarely shouldered. Berries large and
oval. Skin brownisli-blaek. Flesh Arm, juicy, sweet,
and highly flavoured ; with from two to three stones in
each berry : vrhile in Black Prince they vaiy from three
to five.

An excellent out-door grape, ripening well against a
wall, and well adapted for a cold vinery. Mr. Elvers has
found it well suited for pot culture.

Campanella Bianca. See Royal Muscadine.

Canon IIall Muscat. — This differs fiom its parent,
the Muscat of Alexandria, in having better-set and more
tapering bunches, and rather larger and longer berries.
The vine is of more robust growth, and the flowers have
six. and sometimes seven, stamens ; but the fruit is not so
highly flavoured as Muscat of Alexandria.

CK.Tkv>"Qk [ArJcansas ; Cataioha ToJcay ; Lchanon Seed-
ling; Red Murrey ; Singleton). — Bunches medium sized,
shouldered. Berries medium sized, round. Skin thick,
pale red, becoming a deeper colour as it ripens, and

GEAPES. 101

covered with a lilac bloom. FlesL. somewhat glutinous,
juicy, sweet, and musky. A popular American dessert
grape, and used also for wine. It is very productive, and
very hardy.

Champion Hamburgh. See Blade Champion.

Chaptal. — Bunches large. Berries large and round,
inclining to oval. Sldn white. Flesh juicy and sweet.
This is a new French grape of excellent quality, well
adapted for a cool vinery, when it ripens about the middle
of September. The vine is a great bearer, and, accord-
ing to Mr. Elvers, is well adapted for pot culture.

Chaeleswoeth Toeay. — This is very much like Mus-
cat of Alexandria. Some consider it quite distinct, but
I have as yet failed to observe wherein it differs. If it
is distinct, it is not sufficiently so to make two varieties
of them.

Chasselas. See Itoyal 3fiiscadine.

Chasselas Blanc. See 'Royal Muscadine.

Chasselas Bleu de Windsor. See Esperione

Chasselas Doree. See Itoyal Muscadine.

Chasselas Duhamel. — This is, in all respects, very
much like Chasselas Vibert, and was raised in the same
batch of seedlings. Mr. Elvers describes it to me as a
fine, large, amber-coloured Sweetwater-like sort, which is
likely to prove very valuable. He imported it for the
first time into this country three or four years ago.

Chasselas de Falloex {Chasselas Rose de Falloux). —
Bunches long and compact. Berries large, round, and
somewhat flattened. Skin tough, of a pale yellow colour
at first, but gradually changing to a x^ale red. Flesh firm,
juicy, sweet, and refreshing, with a distinct musky flavour.
The vine is a great bearer, and well suited for pot culture.
The fruit ripens in September in an ordinary vinery.

Chasselas de Fontainbleau. See Royal Muscadine,

Chasselas Musque {Josling's St. Allans; 3fnscat
Fleur d' Orange ; Muscat de Jesus ; Muscat JPrimavis;
Rascal Musque ; Tohai Musque). — Bunches long, taper-
ing, rather loose, and shouldered. Berries above medium
size, round. Skin greenish- white, changing to pale
amber when highly ripened, and covered with a deli-
cate white bloom. Flesh firm, rich, sugary, and with a

102 GKAPES.

high Muscat flavour. A most delicious grape of first-
rate quality. It may be grown either in a cool or warm
vinery ; but the berries are very liable to crack, unless
the vine is growing in a shallow border, and the roots
are kept moderately dry when the fruit is ripening. It
is rather an early variety, and ripens in a vinery in the
beginning of September.

Chasselas de Negrepont. See Negropont CJiasselas.

Chasselas Panache. See Alepjjo.

Chasselas Eose de Ealloux. See CJiasselas de Falioux.

Chasselas Yibeet. — Bunches long and loose. Berries
large and round. Skin thin and transparent, yellowish-
white, but when highly ripened of a fine pale amber
colour. Flesh tender, juicy, and sweet. This, in the
form and size of the bunches and berries, resembles the
Prolific Sweetwater ; but it is readily distinguished from
all the Sweetwaters, to which section it belongs, by the
bristly pubescence of its leaves, both above and beneath.
Mr. jKivers informs me, that it ripens with him ten or
twelve days before the Royal Muscadine ; that the vine
is hardy and prolific, and well adapted for pot culture.
It may be grown in a cool vinery.

Cinq Saous. See Q^illade.

CiOTAT [Farsley-leaved ; Raisin d'Autric/ie; Peter-
silieii Gidedel). — Bunches medium sized, not quite so
large as those of Eoyal Muscadine, shouldered and loose.
Berries medium sized, round, uneven, with short, thin
stalks. Skin thin, greenish-yellow or white, covered with
bloom. Flesh tender, sweet, and with the flavour of
Eoyal Muscadine, of which this variety is a mere form,
difl'ering in having the leaves very much cut. It ripens
in a cool vinery.

Le Coeur. See Morocco.

Corinthe Blanc. See White Corinth.

Corinthe jN^oir. See Black Corinth.

CoENicHON Blanc {Finger Gra-pe ; White Cucumber ;
Bee d'Oiseau; Teta de Yaca). — Bunches rather small,
round, and loose. Berries very long, sometimes an inch
and a half, and narrow ; tapering to both ends, and just
like very large barberries. Skin thick, green, and covered
with white bloom. Flesh fifm and sweet. A late-ripen-

GBAPES. 103

ing and late-banging grape of little value, and requires
stove lieat to ripen it.

Cumberland Lodge. See ^Esperione.

Currant. See Black Corinth,

De Candolle. See Grcmier du Cantal,

Dutch Hambuegh {IVilmofs Kamhurgli), — Bunclies
medium sized, compact, and rarely sliouldered. Berries
very large, roundish-oblate, uneven and hammered. Skin
thick, very black, and covered with a thin bloom. Flesh
pretty firm, coarse, and not so highly flavoured as the
Black Hamburgh. It ripens in an ordinary vinery.

Dutch Sweetwater. Sec White Sioeetwater.

Early Black. See Blade Cluster.

Early Black Muscat {Muscat Precoce d'AoTit. — Mr.
Sivers' description of this variety, which I have not seen,
is — Berries below medium size, and round. Skin black.
Flesh rich and juicy, with a rich Frontignan flavour.
The vine is more robust in its habit than the August
Muscat, and the fruit ripens against a wall. This is one
of the seedlings of the late M. Vibert, of Angers.

Eaely Chasselas (Chasselas Hatif; Bar-sur-Auhe ;
Krach Gutedel). — This is very similar to the Eoyal Mus-
cadine in general appearance, and has, therefore, been
frequently confounded with it ; but it is a very distinct
variety when obtained true, and is readily known by its
very firm crackling flesh, which is richly flavoured. The
vine may be distinguished by its small quantity of foliage,
which is somewhat hairy, and by the leaftstalk being
frequently warted.

Early Leipzic. See Early White Malvasia,

Eaely Kienzheim [Blanc Precoce de Kienzheim;
Precoce de Kienzheim). — Bunches small, cylindrical and
well set. Berries about medium size, roundish-oval or
oval. Skin tender, white, and transparent, covered with
a very thin bloom. Flesh very tender and juicy, sweet
and pleasantly flavoured, like the Sweetwater.

This is one of the earliest grapes known, and ripens in
a cool vinery from the beginning to the middle of August.
It will also succeed against a wall in the open air ; but,
of course, is not then so early.

Early Malingre {Malingres Precoce de Malingre g

lOi GEAPES.

JPrecoce Blanc). — Bundles of pretty good size. Berries
round, incliuinir to oval, and of medium size. Skin wliito.
Plcsli rallier riclily flavoured, juicy and suf;ary. One
of tlie earliest grapes, ripening in a cool vinery in the
beginning of August ; and, in the open air, against a
vrall, it is the earliest ■uhite grape. The vine is a most
abundant bearer, forms a handsome bush, and is well
suited for pot culture.

Early Saumur Muscat (Muscat de Saumtir ; Made-
Jeine Musque de CouriiUcr ; Precoce Musque). — Bunches
rather compact. Berries medium sized and round. Skin
white, assuming an amber tinge towards maturity. Flesli
firm and crackling, rich and sugary, with a distinct, but
not stroDg, Muscat flavour. This is one of the earliest
grapes, ripening with the Black Jul}", from seed of which
it was raised.

The vine is an abundant bearer. It is an excellent
grape, and may be grown either in a cool vinery, or
against a wall in the open air.

Early White Malvasia {Grove-End Siveetwafer ;
Harly Leipzic ; Morna Chasselas ; IVhite Melier ; Melier
JBlanc Ildtif ; Frilhcr Le'vpzlrjer ; Weisse Cihele).-^
Bunches rather large, six to eight inches long, loose,
tapering, and occasionally shouldered. Berries large,
round, inclining to oval. Skin thin and transparent,
greenish-'^hite, but becoming yellow at maturity, and
covered with white bloom. Elesh abundant, very juicy,
sweet, and with a rich flavour. Eipens in a cool vinery
about the end of August, and also against a wall, in the
open air.

The vine is an excellent bearer, and succeeds well when
grown in pots.

EsPERioNE {Cumherland Lodge; Turners BlacJc ;
Aspirant JS'oir; Esjnran ; Chasselas Bleu de Windsor).
— Bunches large and shouldered. Berries large, round,
and inclining to oblate. Skin dark blackish-purple,
covered with blue bloom. Elesh rather firm than tender,
juicy, sweet, and well flavoured; but inferior to the
JBJack Hamburgh.

This is avarietj^ bearing a close resemblance to theFrank-
enthal. Its great recommendation is its ripening so well
out of doors against a wall, for which it is said to be better
adapted, and where it ripens better than the Black Ham-
burgh, and ten or fifteen days earlier. It is distinguished

GEAPES. 105

from Black Hattiburgli by its leaves dyicg off a ricli purple
colour, and not yellow.

Finger Grape. See Corniclion Blanc.

Flame-coloured Tokay. See Lomhardi/.

Frankenthal. See page 121.

Froc de la Boulaye. See Frolific SweeUvaier.

Frillier Leipziger. See Early White Malvasia.

Golden HAiiBUEGH {Bushy s Golden HamhurgJi ;
iSlockiL'OGd Baric Golden Hambtircfh). — Bunches large,
loose, brandling, and shouldered. Berries large and oval.
Skin thin, of a pale yellow colour ; but when highly
ripened, pale amber. Flesh tender and melting, very
juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous. An excellent grape.
Eii^ens in a cool vinery, and forces well.

Grec 3\ouge. See Gromier dit Cantal.

Geomier du Cantal (Barharonx; JDe Candolle ; Grec
Hoiiffe; Gros Gromier du Cantal; Malaga; Baisin du
Pauvre ; Baisin de Servie). — Bunches large, a foot long,
broad, and shouldered. Berries large and round. Skin
\ery thin, amber coloured, mottled with light purplish-
brown. Flesh tender, juicy, and sweet, with a brisk
vinous flavour. Eequires a warm vinery to ripen it ; and
it does not keep long after being ripe. In some of the
vineyards of France, and particularly in those of Tarn-et-
Garonne, it is called Alicante.

Gros Coulard. See Brolijic Siceetwater.

Gros Gromier du Cantal. See Gromier du Cantal,

Geos Maeoc [Marocain). — Bunches large, long, and
shouldered, and with a long stalk. Berries large and
oval. Skin thick, of a deep reddish-purple, and covered
"with an abundant blue bloom. Flesh tender, sweet, and
richly flavoured.

Tliis is an excellent grape, and ripens along with the
Black Hamburgh. It is frequently confounded with the
GrosDamas, from which it is distinguished by its smoother
and more deeply-cut leaves, shorter-jointed wood, and
earlier ripening.

Geos Eomain.— This is a variety introduced by Mr.
Elvers, of which he speaks very highly. I have never
yet seen the fruit ; but he informs me that it is a most
delicioua grape, with very large, i;^und, amber- colom-ed

106 GEAPES.

berries, almost yellow. It is quite a distinct variety from
White Remain, or, as it is sometimes called, Muscat
Homain.

Grove-End Sweetwater. See JLmly White Malvasia.

Gutedel. See Royal Muscadine.

Hampton Court. See Blach HamhurgJi,

Horsfortli Seedling. See Morocco.

Isabella. — Bunches large. Berries large and oval.
Skin thin, of a dark purple colour, almost black, and
covered with bloom. Flesh tender, juicy, sweet, and
vinous, with a musky flavour.

This is a variety of Yitis Labrusca, a native American
grape, cultivated in the open air in the United States,
both for the dessert and for wine ; but it is not of much
account in England.

IscHiA {Noir Trecoce de Genes ; Uva di tri volte). —
The bunches and berries of this variety very much re-
semble those of Black Cluster ; but the fruit ripens as
early as that of Black July, and is very much superior in
flavour to that variety. Berries medium sized, black,
very juicy, sweet, and vinous. The vine is very vigorous
and luxuriant in its growth, and bears abundantly, if not
pruned too close. In Italy it produces three crops in a
year by stopping the shoot two or three joints beyond
the last bunch just as the flower has fallen and the berries
set ; new shoots are started from the joints that are left,
and also bear fruit, and these being again stopped, a third
crop is obtained.

This variety succeeds admirably against a wall in the
open air.

Jacob's Traube. See JBlach July.

Jew's. See Syrian.

Joannec. See St. Johns.

Joannenc. See St. John's.

Josling's St. Alban's. See Chasselas M'unq:i6.

July. See Black July.

July Muscat (Muscat de Juillet). — This is a very early
Variety, having a distinct Muscat flavour. It was intro-
duced by Mr. Hivers, who describes it as follows : —
Berries round, purple ; of medium size ; rich, juicy, and
excellent. This grape will ripen on a wall, as it is one of

GEAPES. 107

the earliest of its race, and is well adapted for pot culture
in the orchard-house.

Kempsey Alicante. — Bunches six to eight inches long,
not shouldered, and rather thickly set. Berries very-
large, from an inch to an inch and a quarter long, and
three quarters to an ii-<ih wide ; oval. Skin thick and
tough, of a deep blue-black colour at the apex when ripe,
but towards the stalk of a greenish-yellox, mottled with
dark purple. Flesh greenish, firm, sweet, and with a
fine aroma when fully ripe. Seeds generally one or two
only, but sometimes four.

The berries, in size and colour, are more like plums.
The vine is a free grower, a good bearer, and requires a
high temperature to ripen the fruit thoroughly. The
foliage when young is very thin and tender, and covered
with a delicate down. This is a very late grape, being
fully three weeks or a month later than any other variety;
still it forces well, and may also be grown in pots. It
will hang till May.

Enevett's Black Hamburgh. See BlacTc HamhurgTi.

Krach Gutedel. See Early Oliasselas.

Laan H^tif. See Scotch White Cltistet\

LadyDowne's Seedling. — Bunches shouldered, eight
to ten inches long, and rather loose. Berries above
medium size, ten-twelfths of an inch long and nine-
twelfths wide ; oval. Skin rather thick, tough, and
membraneous, reddish-purple at first, but becoming quite
black when fflUy coloured, and covered with a delicate
bloom. Flesh dull opaline white, firm, sweet, and richly
flavoured, with a faint trace of Muscat flavour, but not
so much as to include it among Muscats. Seeds gene-
rally in pairs.

This is a very valuable grape, and may be ripened with
the heat of an ordinary vinery. It forces well, and will
hang till the month of March without shrivelling or dis-
coloration of either berries or stalks. The vine is a
vigorous grower and an abundant bearer, seldom pro-
ducing less than three bunches on each shoot. I have
seen bunches of this grape ripened in August, hang till
March, and preserve all their freshness even at that late
season, when the berries were plump and delicious.

Lashmar's Seedling. See ;S^. John's.

Lebanon Seedling. See Catatoha.

103 GJ1APE3.

LoMBAEDY {Flame-coloured Toltay; Red Rheyiish ; Red
Taurida; Wantage). — Bunches very large, sliouldered,
closely set, and handsome ; sometimes iiveighiug from six
to seven pounds. Berries large and round, inclining to
oval. Skin pale red or flame coloured. Flesh, firm,
sweet, and well flavoured, but only second-rate.

This requires a high temperature to ripen it. The vine
is a very strong grower, and requires a great deal of
iKDom ; but it is a good bearer. The only recommenda-
tion to this variety is the great size of the bunches and
beauty of the fruit.

Macready's Early White. See St. Johns.

Madkiea Muscat. — Bunches of medium size, rather
compact. Berries above medium size, round. Skin red-
dish-purple. Flesh very juicy and rich, with a high
musky flavour.

This is an excellent grape, and ripens well in a cool
vinery at the same season as the Black Hamburgh.

Madeleine. See Blach July.

Madeleine Blanche dc Malingre. See Early Malingve.

Madeleine Musquc de Courtiller. Sec Early Saumiir

Muscat.

Madeleine Noir. See Blach July.

Malaga. See Gromier die Cantal.

Malaga. See Muscat of Alexandria.

Malingre. See Early Malingre.

Maechioxess of Hastings. — Bunches large, loose,
and broadly shouldered. Berries upwards of an inch
long and about an inch wide ; oval. Skin thin, greenish
white, covered with thin grey bloom. Flesh squashy
and watery, without much flavour. This is an early
grape, and ripens in an ordinary vinery. Its only recom-
mendation is the size of the bunches, which may be grown
to weigh four pounds.

Maroquln d'Espagne. See Blach HamhurgJi.
Melier Blanc Hative. See Early Wliite Malvasia.
Merrick's Victoria. See Frankentlial.
Meunier. See Miller s Burgundy.

Mill Hill Hambuegh. — This is so much like Dutch
Samhurgh as not to be distinguishable from it, but there

GEAPES. 109

are some wlio maintain tliat they are distinct. The only
difference I have ever been able to detect is, when the
foliage is young that of Mill Hill appears paler and more
waved than that of Dutch Hamburgh, but that character
soon disappears, and the two become to all appearance
the same.

Miller Grape. See Miller s Burgundy.

Millee's Buegundy {Miller Grape; Meimier ; Blauer
Milllerrehe) . — Bunches short, cylindrical, and compact,
with a long stalk. Berries small, round, inclining to
oval, uniform in size, with short-warted stalks. Skin
thin, black, and covered with blue bloom. Flesh red,
sweet, juicy, and highly flavoured, and contains two
seeds.

An excellent grape for out-door cultivation, as it ripens
well against a wall. It is easily distinguished from all
other grapes by its very downy leaves, which, when they
are first expanded, are almost white, and this they in
some degree maintain during the greater part of the
season. On this account it is called '* The Miller."

Mogul. See Morocco.

Money's St. Peter's. See West's St. Peter's.

Morillon Hatif. See Black Jahj.

Morillon ISToir. See Black Cluster.

Morillon Panache. See Aleppo.

MoEocco {Ansley s Large Oval; Black Morocco; Black
Jfuscadel ; Le CcBur ; Horsforth Seedling ; Mogul; Red
Muscadel). — Bunches large and shouldered. Berries of
unequal size ; some are large and oval. Skin thick, red-
dish-brown, becoming blackish-brown when fully ripe ;
beginning to colour at the apex and proceeding gradually
towards the stalk, where it is generally paler. Flesh
firm, sweet, but not highly flavoured ; the small berries
are generally without stones, and the large ones have
rarely more than one.

This is only a second-rate grape as regards flavour. It
is very late, and requires stove heat to ripen it thoroughly.

Moscatel Commun. See White Frontignan.

Moscatel Menudo. See Red Frontignan.

Muscat of Alexandria {Alexandrian Frontignan;
Ilalaga; Muscat of Jerusalem ; Muscat of Lunel ; Banse
Miisque; Passe Musque ; Tottenham Park Muscat).—

110 GliAPES.

JBunclies large, long, loose, and shouldered ; stalk long.
Berries large, oval, unequal in size, and with long, slender,
■vvarted stalks. Skin thick, generally greenish 5^ellow ;
but, when highly ripened, a fine pale amber colour, and
covered with thin wliite bloom. Flesh firm and break-
ing, not very juicy, but exceedingly sweet and rich, with
a fine Muscat flavour.

A well-known and most delicious grape, requiring a
high temperature to ripen it thoroughly ; but it may be
sufficiently ripened in a warm vinery, provided it has a high
temperature at the time of flowering and while the fruit
is setting. The vine is an abundant bearer, but the
bunches set badly. To remedy this defect, a very good
plan is to draw the hand down the bunches when they
are in bloom so as to distribute the pollen, and thereby
aid fertilisation.

It is this grape which furnishes the Muscatel Raisins,
imported in boxes from Spain.

Muscat d'Aoiit. See August Muscat.

Muscat Blanc. See White Frontignan.

Muscat Fleur d' Orange. See Chasselas Miisqui.

Muscat Gris. See Red Frontignan.

Muscat Hajibuegh [Snow's Muscat Hamhurgh). —
Bunches above medium size, compact, and shouldered.
Berries rather large, varying from round to oval. Skin
tough, but not thick, deep purplish-black, covered with
thin blue bloom. Flesh tender, very juicy, rich, and
sugary, with a fine Muscat aroma.

This excellent grape may be ripened in a house sub-
jected to the same amount of heat as is generally given
to the Black Hamburgh, and it has also been ripened in
a cool vinery.

Muscat of Jerusalem. See Muscat of Alexandria.

Muscat de Jesus. See Chasselas Musquc.

Muscat de Juillet. See JuIt/ Muscat.

Muscat St. Laueent. — Bunches similar to those of
Boyal Muscadine. Berries small, roundish oval. Skin
thin, greenish-yellow, becoming j)ale amber when tho-
roughly ripened. Flesh very tender, melting, and juicy,
with a refreshing, juicy, and a distinct Muscat aroma.
This variety, introduced by Mr. Bivers, that gentleman
says, is very early, and will ripen on a wall with the

GBAPES. Ill

Sweetwater. It ia well adapted for pot culture itt tlie
orchard-liouse, and in cool vineries.

Muscat of Lunel. See Miiscat of Alexandria.

Muscat de Naples. See Purjple Consiantia.

Muscat JSToir. See Black Frontignan.

Muscat Noir d'Espagne. See Trentham Blach.

Muscat Noir Ordinaire. See BlacJc Frontignan.

Muscat Ottonel. — Tliis is an early variety of Muscat
grape, introduced by Mr. Eivers, of Sawbndge worth,
and which ripens its fruit in a cool vinery. That gentle-
man describes it as having a compact bunch, and round,
white, and rather small berries, "A very hardy, nice
Muscat grape."

Muscat Precoce d'Aout. See Early Blach MuscaL

Muscat Primavis. See Chasselas Musque.

Muscat Homain. See White JRomain.

Muscat Eouge. See Bed Frontignan.

Muscat de Sarbelle. See Sarhelle Muscat.

Muscat de Saumur. See Farly Saumur Muscat.

ISTegropont Chasselas {Chasselas de Negrepont). —
This is a variety which, in the bunches and foliage, re-
sembles the Eoyal Muscadine. The berries are at first
of a pale green colour, and gradually become of a fine
clear red as they attain maturity. In this respect they
differ from those of the Eed Chasselas, which, from their
settmg, are of a bright red colour. Like the Eoyal Mus-
cadine, it is of excellent flavour, and early.

Nepean's Constantia. See White Frontignan.

Noir Precoce de Genes. See Ischia.

CEi'LIjA'Di: (Ulliade; Boudales : Cinq Saous ; Priinelas).
— Banches medium sized, and with long stalks. Berries
large, oval, uniform in size, and dangling from long stalks.
Skin thin, of a dark purplish-black colour, and covered
with bloom. Plesh rather firm, and breaking, juicy,
sweet, and of good flavour.

The vine is a very abundant bearer, and ripens its fruit
in a cool vinery.

Oldaker's St. Peter's. See West's St. Peters.

Palestine. See Syrian,

1X3 GEAPES.

Panse Musque. See Muscat of Alexandria.

Parsley-leaved. See Ciotat,

Passe Musque. ^qq Muscat of Alexandria,

Passolina Nera. See Black Corinth.

Perle Blanclie. See IVJiite Sweetwater,

Pstersilieu Gutedel. See Ciotat.

Pineau. See. Blade Cluster.

PiTMASTON White Clustee. — Bandies medlmn sized,
compact, and sliouldered. Berries medium sized, round,
inclining to oblate. Skin tkin, amber coloured, and fre-
quently russety. Flesh tender and juicy, sweet and well
liavoured. An excellent early grape ; succeeds well in a
cool vinery, and ripens against a wall in tlie open air.

Pocock's Damascus. See Black Prince.

Poonali. See Jfest's St. Peters.
I'opc Hamburgh. See Frankenthal,

Precoce JJlauc. See Plarly Malingre.

Prt'coce de Kienzheim. See Early Kienzlieim.

Precoce de Malingre. See Early Malingre.

Precoce Musque. See Early Saumur Muscat,

Prince Albert. See Barharossa,

Peolific Sweetwatee {Froc de la Boulaye ; Gros
Coulard). — Bunches medium sized, cylindrical, loose, and
not shouldered. Berries large and round, uniform in
size. Skin thin, greenish-yellow, but pale amber when
fully ripe. Flesh tender, juicy, and sweet, with an ex-
cellent flavour.

This is an excellent early white grape, and sets its fruit
much better than the old Sweetwater. It ripens well in
a cool vinery, and is well adapted for j)ot culture.

Prunelas. See (Elllade.

PuEPLE Cots ST Aj&Tix {Black Constantia ; Purple Fron^
tignan ; Blue Frontignan; Violet Frontignan; Muscat
. de Naples; Violctte Muskateller). — Bunches long and
tapering, very much more so than those of Black Fron-
tignan, and with small shoulders. Berries large and
round. Skin dark purple, covered with thick blue bluum.
Flesh juicy, very richly flavoured, and with a Muscat
aroma which is less i)Owerful than in Black Frontignan.
This is a most delicious grape, and requires to be grown

GBAPES. 113

ill a warm vinery. It is the Blade or Purple Frontignac
of Speeclily ; but is very different from what is generally
cultivated for Black Frontignan — that variety being the
^lue or Violet Frontignac of Speeclily.

PuEPLE FoNTAiNBLEAU. — I have nevcr Seen this grape,
but Mr. Elvers speaks of it as a very hardy variety,
ripening against a wall in the open air; well adapted for
pot culture, and a prodigious bearer. The berries are
oval, light purple, sweet, and juicy.

Purple Frontignan. See Furj>le Constantia.

Uaisin d'Alep. See Aleppo,

Eaisin d'Autriche. See Ciotat.

Haisin de Calabre. See Calahrian Raisin.

Haisin des Carmes. See West's St. Peter s.

Eaisin de Cuba. See Wesfs St. Peter s.

Baisin de Frontignan. See WJiite Frontignan^

Paisin du Pauvre. See Gi'oviiier dio Cantal.

Paisin Precoce. See Blach July.

Paisin de St. Jean. See St. Johns.

Paisin de Servie. See Groviiier du Cantal.

Paisin Suisse. See Alejypo.

Ped Chasselas [Bed Muscadine; Cliasselas Bcuge ;
Chasselas Bouge Fonce ; Cerese ; Se])teml)ro) . — Bunches
medium sized, loose, rarely compact, shouldered; witli
long, thin, and somewhat reddish stalks. Berries medium
sized, round. Skin thin, red, covered with a violet bloom.
Flesh juicy and sweet. The vine is a great bearer, and
will ripen its fruit in a cool vinery. The most remark-
able character of this variety is, that from the time the
germ is visible, or, as Mr. Pivers says, " no bigger than
a pin's head, it changes to red," and it becomes gradually
paler as the fruit ripens. Mr. Pivers^ says, " it is as
good as Poyal Muscadine when fully ripe, and a great
bearer."

Ped Feontignan {Grizzly Frontignan -, Muscat Gris;
Muscat Bouge ; Moscatel Menudo ; CevanaBinka; Bother
MusTcateller ; Grauer 3Iuskatalle7^).— Bunches large, long,
and generally cylindrical, but occasionally with very
small shoulders. Berries above medium size, rouud.
Skin rather thick, yellow on the shaded side, clouded with

I

Ill GRAPES.

pale red on tlie side next the sun, and covered with grey
bloom. Flesh rather firm, juicy, but not very melting,
with a rich, sugary, and musky flavour.

Ripens about the end of September when not forced,
and requires the heat of a warm vinery.

Bed Hamburgh. See Black Samhiirgh.

Eed Muncy. See Catawba.

Red Muscadel. See Morocco.

Red Muscadine. See Red Chasselas.

Red Muscat of Alexandria. See Black Muscat of
Alexandria.

Red Rhenish. See Lomhardy.

Red Taurida. See Lomhardy.

Rheingauer. See White JRissliny.

Riessling. See White Rissling.

Rosslinger. See White Rissling.

Rossea. See Barharossa.

Rother Muskateller. See Red Frontignan.

Royal Muscadine {Amber Muscadine; Muscadine;
Wliite Chasselas; D'Arboyce ; Chasselas; Chasselas
Dore ; Chasselas de Fontainbleau ; Campanella Bianca ;
Weisser Gutedel). — Bunches long, loose, and shouldered;
sometimes compact and cylindrical. Berries large, round,
and, in the compact bunches, inclining to oval. Skin thin
and transparent, greenish-yellow, becoming pale amber
when quite ripe, and sometimes marked ^^'ith tracings
and dots of russet ; covered with thin white bloom.
Flesh tender and juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured.

This excellent and well-known grape ripens well in a
cool vinery and against walls in the open air. The many
names it has received have arisen from the various forms
it frequently assumes, and which are occasioned entirely
by the nature of the soil and the diiferent modes of treat-
ment to which it is subjected. There is no real diflference
between this, the common Chasselas, and Chasselas de
Fontainbleau. The White Muscadine of some authors is
the Early Chasselas.

Riidesheimer. See White Rissling.

St. Jean. See Black July*

St. John's {Raisin de St. Jean; Joannec ; Joannenc;

GEAPES. 115

JDlancJie; Lashmar s Seedling ; Macready's Early TFhite).
— Bunches about five inclies long, ^Yith a very long stalk,
loose, and witK many undeveloped berries. Berries
medium sized, roundish oval. Skin thin, and green.
Flesh very thin and watery, and though without much
flavour is agreeable and refreshing. It ripens against
a wall in the open air, and is weU adapted for this mode
of cultivation.

St. Peter's. See JBlacJc St. Peters.

ScHiEAS {Ciras ; Scijras ; Sirrah; Sirac). — Bunches
long, loose, and shouldered. Berries large, oval. Skin
thick, reddish-purple, covered with blue bloom. Flesh
rather firm and juicy ; juice pale red, sugary, and with a
delicious aroma. Eipens in a cool viner}' ; and is as early
as the Eoyal Muscadine.

This fine, large, oval, black grape is that which is grown
almost exclusively in the vineyards of the Hermitage, and
furnishes the celebrated Hermitage wine. It is said to
have been originally introduced from Schiraz, in Persia,
by one of the hermits who formerly resided there.

Schwarzer Eiessling. See Black Cluster.

Scotch "White Cluster (Blacksmith's White Chester ;
ILaan JELatif; Van der Laan Precoce; Diamant). —
Bunches medium sized, very compact. Berries some-
what oval, or roundish oval. Skin white, covered with
thin bloom. Flesh tender and juicy, sweet and richly
flavoured. This is a very hardy grape, an excellent bearer,
and ripens its fruit against a wall in the open air.

Singleton. See Catawba.

Sir A. Pytche's. See Black Prince.

Sir W. Eowley's Black. See Black Fro7itignan.

Snow's Muscat Hamburgh. See Muscat Ramhurgh.

Steward's Black Prince. See Black Prince.

Stillward's Sweetwater. See White Sweeticater.

Stockwood Park Hamburgh. See Golden Ramhurgh,

Stoneless Eound-berried. See White Corinth.

Striped Muscadine. See Aleppo.

Syeian [Palestine; Jew's; Terre de la Promise).—
Bunches immensely large, broad-shouldered, and conical.
Berries large, oval. Skin thick, greenish-white, changing

116 GBAPES.

to pale yellow ^Yllen quite ripe. Flesli firm and crackling,
sweet, and, wlien well ripened, of good flaronr.

This is a very good late grape, and generally produces
bunches weighing from 7 lbs. to 10 lbs. ; but, to obtain
the fruit in its greatest excellence, the vine requires to
be grown in a hothouse, and planted in very shallow, dry,
sandy soil. Speechly states that he grew a bunch at
.Welbeck weighing 20 lbs., and measuring 21f inches long
and 19| inches across the shoulders. It is a strong
grower and an abundant bearer.

Terre de la Promise. See Syrian.

Tata de Vaca. See Cornichon Blanc.

Tokai Musque. See Chasselas Musque.

Tokay. — The Hungarian wine, called Tokay, is not
produced from any particular description of grape nor
grown in any particular vineyard ; the name is applied
to all wine grown on the hills of Zemplen, of which Tokay
is the chief ; and the ground so cultivated extends over
seven or eight square leagues of surface. The name
Tokay is, therefore, applicable to many varieties of grapes,
and it has thus been applied to several varieties in this
country. But there is one which, being distinct from
all the others, I have described under the name of White
Toliay, which see.

Tottenham Park Muscat. See Muscat qf Alexandria.

Trbbbiki^o {Trehhia7io JBi a }i CO ; Trchhiano Ycro ; Erha-
his ; Z'gni Blanc). — Bunches very large, broad-shouldered,
and well set. Berries medium sized, roundish-oval, some-
times oval and sometimes almost round. Skin thick,
tough, and membranous, somewhat adhering to the
flesh ; greenish-white, covered with a very delicate bloom.
Flesh firm and crackling, sweet and richly flavoured
when well ripened.

This is a late grape, requiring the same heat and treat-
ment as the ^Muscats, and will hang as late as the end of
March. It requires fire heat in September and October
to ripen it thoroughly before winter sets in. I have seen
bunches of this 14 inches long and 10 inches across.

Teentham Black {Muscat Noir d'Espagjie). — Bunches
larg-e, tapering, and shouldered. Berries above medium
size, oval. Skin, though not thick, is toagh and mem-
branous, separating freely from the flesh, of a jet black

GBAFES. 117

colour, and coTered with tbin bloom. Flesh very melt-
ing, abundantly juicy, very rich, sugary, and vinous.

A very excellent grape, ripening with Black Ham-
burgh ; but keeping plump long after the Black Ham-
burgh shrivels. TJie vine is a free grower and a good
bearer ; and ]\Ir. Fleming informs me that it resists power-
ful sun better than any other variety he knows. It was
introduced by Mr. Elvers under the name given as a
synonyme ; but, not being a Muscat, its present name
was adopted.

Turner's Black. See 'Esjper'ione.

Ugni Blanc. See Trehhiano,

Ulliade. See (Eillade.

Uva di tri Volte. See IscJiia.

Van der Laan Precoce. See Scotch Wliite Chisier.

Variegated Chasselas. See AlepiJo.

Veedelho. — Bunches rather small, conical, and loose.
Berries small, unequal in size, and oval. Skin thin
and transparent, yellowish-green, but becoming a fine
amber colour when highly ripened, with sometimes
markings of russet. Flesh tender, sugary, and richly
flavoured.

It IS from this grape that the Madeira wine is princi-
pally made.

Vert Precoce de Madere. See Earh/ Green Madeira.

Victoria Hamburgh. See FrankcntJud.

Violet Frontignan. See Furple Constantia.

Violette Muskateller. See Furple Constantia.

Wantage. See Lomhardy.

Warner's Hamburgh. See BlacJc KainhurgJi,

Waterzoet Noir. See Blach Sweetivater.

Weisser Cibebe. See JEarli/ White Malvasia.

Weisser Muskateller. See White Frontignan.

Weisser Eiessling. See White Eissling.

West's St. Peter's {Blach Lomhardy , Moneys St.
JPeters; Foonah ; Baisin des Cannes; Raisin de Cuba).
—Bunches large, tapering, and well shouldered^ Berries
large, roundish-oval, and varying in size. &km thm,

118 GBAPES.

very black, covered with a blue bloom. Flesh tender,
very juicy, sweet, and with a fine sprightly flavour.

This is a very fine late grape, and requires to be grown
in a house v»-ith stove heat.

White Chasselas. See JRoyal Muscadine.

White Constantia. See White Frontignan.

White Corinth (White Kishmish; Stoneless Hoimd-
berried; Corinthe i?/rt«c).— Bunches small, shouldered,
and loose. Berries very small. Skin yellowish-white,
changing to amber, covered with white bloom. Flesh
very juicy, sub-acid and with a refreshing flavour. The
seeds are entirely wanting. Of no value.

White Cucumber. See Cornichon JBlanc.

White Feontignan [White Constantia; Nepeaiis
Constantia ; Muscat Blanc ; Moscatel Commun ; Raisin
de Frontignan ; Weisser MusJcateller) . — Bunches large,
long, cylindrical, and compact, without shoulders. Ber-
ries medium sized, round. Skin dull greenish-white, or
yellow, covered with thin grey bloom. Flesh rather firm,
juicy, sugary, and very rich, with a fine Muscat flavour.

This will ripen either in a cool or warm vinery, but ia
worthy of the most favourable situation in which it can
be grown. The vine is an abundant bearer, and forces
well.

White Hamburgh. See White Lisbon,

White Kishmish. See White Corinth.

White Lisbon [White Hamburgh ; White Tortugal;
White J?a^s^w).— Bunches large and loose. Berries oval.
Skin greenish-white. Flesh firm and crackling, not very
juicy, but with a sweet and refreshing flavour.

It is this grape which is so largely imported from
Portugal during the autumn and winter months, and sold
in the fruiterers' and grocers' shops under the nume of
Portugal Grapes.

White Melier. See Early White Malvasia.

White Muscadine. See JRoyal Muscadine.

White Nice. — Bunches very large and loose, with
several shoulders. Berries medium sized, round, and
hanging loosely on the bunches. Skin thin, but tough,
and membranous ; greenish- white, becoming pale amber
coloured as it ripens. Flesh firm and sweet. Bunches

GEAPES. 110

of tliis variety have been grown to weigh 18 lbs. The
leaves are very downy underneath.

White Portugal. See White Lisbon.

White Eaisin. See White Lisbon.

White Eissling {Weisser Biessling) . — Bunches small,
short, and compact, scarcely, if at all, shouldered. Ber-
ries round, or somewhat oblate. Skin thin, greenish-
white, and, when highly ripened, sometimes with a
reddish linge. Flesh tender, fleshy, and juicy, with a
sweet and agreeably aromatic flavour.

This may be grown either in a cool vinery, or against
a wall in the open air. The vine is a great bearer, and is
very extensively grown in the vineyards of the Bhine
and Moselle.

White Eomain {Muscat Romain). — Bunches below
medium size, and rather closely set. Berries medium
sized, oval. Skin thin, and so transparent that the seeds
can be seen through it; yellowish white, and with a thin
bloom. Flesh tender, very juicy, and sweet. An excel-
lent early grape. The wood is very short-jointed, and the
vine forms a small bush ; it is well suited for pot culture.

Mr. Bivers introduced this variety, expecting it to be
a Muscat ; but when it fruited it was found not to be so,
and he, therefore, adopted the present name.

White Sweetwateb {StilhcarcV s Sweetwater ; Dutch
S^veeticater ; Perle Blanche). — Bunches rather above
medium size, shouldered, and very loose, containing many
badly-developed berries. Berries large and roimd. Skin
thin and transparent, exhibiting the veins of the flesh ;
white, and covered with a thin bloom, and when highly
ripened streaked with traces of russet. Flesh tender,
very juicy, sweet, and with a fine delicate flavour.

A well-known and excellent early grape, whose greatest
fault is the in-egularity with which its bunches are set.
T%ere is another Sweetwater, called, by the Dutch, Water-
zoet Witte, which is a very inferior variety to this.

White Tokay. — Bunches rather large and compact,
from nine inches to a foot long, and broad-shouldered.
Berries large and oval. Skm thin, pale coloured, but
assuming an amber colour at maturity. Flesh tender
and juicy, with a rich flavour. This, in the size of the
bunch and form and size of the berries, resembles Muscat
of Alexandria j but the bimches are much more compact,

120

GRAPES.

and tlie fruit lias not the sli^litest trace of tlie Muscat
flavour.

Wilmot's Hamburgh. See Dutch SamhurgJu
Worksop Manor. See Black Damascus.
Zante. See Black Corinth.

LIST OF SELECT GEAPES.

For small estahlishments those marked * should he chosen.

1. FOR WALLS IN THE OPEN AIR.

Muscats.
♦Early Black Muscat

Early Saumur Muscat

July Muscat
♦Muscat St. Laurent

Not Muscats.
Black July

♦Early Malingre
Early White Malrasia

♦Esperione

♦Miller's Burgundy
Pitmaston VVhite Cluster
Purple Fontainbleau

♦Royal Muscadine

11. FOR COOL

Mtiscais.

Black Frontignan

Chasselas Musque
♦Early Black Muscat

Early Saumur Muscat

July Muscat
♦iladeira Muscat
♦Muscat St. Laurent

VINERIES.

Not Muscats.
♦Black Cliampion
♦Black Hamburgh

Black Prince
♦Chasselas Vibert

Early White Malvasia
♦Golden Hamburgh

Pitmaston White Cluster
♦Royal Muscadine
♦White Romain

HI. FOR POTS IN

Muscats.
August Muscat
Early Saumur Muscat

♦July Muscat

♦Muscat St. Laurent

♦Sarbelle Muscat

Not Muscats,
Chaptal

ORCHARD-HOUSES.

♦Cambridge Botanic Garden

♦Chasselas Yibert

♦Esperione

Early White Malrasia
Prolific Sweetwater

♦Purple Fontainbleau

♦Royal Muscadine

♦White Romain

GEAPES.

121

IT. FOR rORCINa

Unseats,
*Chasselas Musque

Muscat Hamburgh

Purple Constantia

Red Frontignan
*White Frontignan

Not Muscats.
Black Champion

FOR EARLY CROPS.

*Black Hambui'gh

Black Prince
*Ear]y Chasselas

Grolden Hamburgh
*Royal Muscadine
*Trentham Black

White Sweetwater

Y. FOR FORCING FOR LATE CROPS.

Unseats.
Bowood Muscat
Canon Hall Muscat
*Muscat of Alexandria

Not Muscats,
*Barbarossa

Black Damascus
Kempsey Alicante

*Lady Downe's Seedling

*Trebbiano

^West's St. Peter's

The folloioing was accidentally omitted in the alphaletical
arrangement,

Feankenthal {Blach Tripoli; Merrich's Victoria;
IB ojpe Hamburgh; Victoria JEEamhurgh). — Bunches large
and. heavily shouldered. Berries roundish, frequently
oblate and rarely roundish-oval, sometimes hammered
and scarred as in the Dutch Hamburgh. Skin thick,
adhering to the flesh, deep black purple, covered with
bloom. Flesh firm, and often forming a hollow cell round
the seeds, juicy, sugary, sprightly and richly flavoured.

This is very frequently met with in gardens under the
name of Black Hamburgh, from which it is easily dis-
tingjiished by its round, frequently oblate, and hammered
berries.

122

MEDLARS.

Broad-leaved Dutcli. See Didth.

D-UTCB. {Broad-leaved Di'.ich ; Gros Fruit; Gros Fruit
Monstrueux; Large Dutch). — This is by far the larajest
and most generally grown of the cultivated medlars. The
fruit is frequently two inches and a half in diameter, and
very much flattened. The eye is very open, wide, and
unequally rent, extending in some instances even to the
margin of outline of the iruit. It is of excellent flavour,
but, in that respect, inferior to the following. The young
shoots are smooth.

Gros Fruit. See Dutch.

Gros Fruit Monstrueux. See Dutch.

Large Dutch. See Dutch.

Narrow-leaved Dutch. See Nottingham.

Ts^OTTiNGHAM {Navrow-leaved Dutch; Small Fruited).
— This is consicterably smaller than the Dutch, rarely
exceeding an inch, and a half in diameter ; turbinate, and
is more highly flavoured. The young shoots are downy.

Sans Noyau. See Stoneless.

Sans Pepins. See Stoneless.

Small Fruited. See Nottingham.

Stoneless [Sans Noyau; Sans Pejpins). — In shape this
resembles the Nottingham ; but it rarely exceeds three
quarters of inch in diameter. The eye is smaller and less
rent than in the other varieties. It is quite destitute of
seeds, and woody core ; but the flavour, though good, is
inferior to that of tlie others, being less piquant.

123

MULBERRIES.

The only variety cultivated in tliis country for its fruit
is the Black Mulbeeey {Morus nigra), and it is only in
the southern counties wliere it attains perfection. In the
midlands it ripens its fruit when trained against a wall ;
but it is doubtful whether the crop so obtained is suffi-
cient remuneration for the space the tree occupies.

124

NECTARINES.

SYNOPSIS OF >-ECTARINES.

I. FEEESTONES.

Flesh separating from the stcne*

* Leaves icithout glands.

A. Flowers large, n. Floicers small.

Bowden Hunt's Tawny

Hard wick e Seedhng

** Leaves with round glands.

A. Flowers large. a. Floicers small.

Pitmaston Orange Boston.

^^^ Leaves tuith hidney-sJia^ed glands.

A. Floicers large. Due du TelherB
Pairchild's Early Elruge
JRivers' Orange Imperatrice
Stanwick Late Melthig
White Murrey

Oldenburg

B. Flotoers small. Peterborough
Palgowan Yiolette Grosse
Downton Violette Hative

II. CLI>\1ST0NES.

Flesh adhering closely to the stone.

t Leaves loitJwid glands.

A. Floioers large. B. Flotoers small,

Eai'ly Xewington !None

Old Newington

tt Leaves icith kidney- sharped glands.

A. Flowers large, b. Floicers small,

Roman Golden

Anderdon's. See Old Keioington.

Aromatic. See Violette Ildtive.

Balgowan {Balgone). — Fruit very large, roundIt;h, in-

NECTAEIXES. 125

elining to ovate. Skin pale green, mottled -witli red on
the shaded side ; but entirely covered with deep, bright
red on the side next the snn. Flesh with a greenish tinge,
veined with red at the stone, melting, very rich, and highly
flavoured. Mowers small. Glands kidney-shaped.

A very excellent variety, nearly allied to Violette
Hative, but is much hardier and a more vigorous grower
than that variety. It ripens in the end of August and
beginning of September.

Black. See JEarly Neicington,

Eiack Murrey. See Murrey.

Boston {Leicis' ; Perlcins' Seedling), — Fruit very large,
rouDdish oval. Skin bright yellow on the shaded side,
and deep red on the side next the sun. Flesh yellow,
without any red at the stone, with an agreeable, but not
rich, flavour. Flowers small. Glands round.

Remarkable only for the size and beauty of the fruit,
which ripens in the middle of September ; and requires a
warm season to bring it to maturity. It is an American
variety.

BowDEN. — This is a very large variety, of a round
shape. Skin greenish on the shaded side, dark red next
the sun, and with a disposition to be russety. The flesh
is melting, rich, and sugary, with a slightly astringent
flavour. Glands none. Flowers large. Hipe in August.

The tree is a very dwarf and compact grower.

Brinion. See Violette Hative.
Brugnon Musque. See RGman,
Brugnon Eed-at-stone. See Violette JSdtive,
Claremont. See Elruge.

DowNTOX. — Fruit rather larger than Yiolette Hative,
roundish oval. Skin pale green in the shade, but deep
red next the sun. Flesh pale green, reddish at the stone,
melting, juicy, and richly flavoured. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small.

A first-rate variety, ripe in the end of August and be-
ginning of September. The tree is a vigorous grower,
and an excellent bearer. It was raised by Mr. Knight
from the Elruge and Yiolette Hative.

Due DU Telliees {Due de Telia; Butilly's). — This
variety bears a close resemblance to Elruge, with which
it is, by some, considered synonymous. I;; is, t:o doubt.

126 NECTARINES.

another form of that variety, and differs only in the
greater hardiness and vigour of the tree. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small.

Early Black. See Early Neicington.

Early Newington {BlacJc ; Early JBlacTc i Tjucomhes
Black; Lucomhes Seedling; Neio BarJc Neicingion). —
Fruit large, roundish ovate, enlarged on one side of the
suture ; apex ending in a swollen point. Skin pale green
in the shade, but bright red, marbled with deeper red
next the sun, covered with a thin bloom. Flesh greenish-
white, very red next the stone, to which it adheres'; rich,
sugary, A'inous, and very excellent. Earlier and much
richer than the Old Newington. Flowers large. Glands
none. Ripens early in September.

Early Violet. See Violette Hdtive.

^LUVGE (Claremord ; Oatlands ; S^pi'ingrove ; Tem2^le).
— Fruit medium sized, roundish oval. Skin pale greenish
in the shade, deep red next the sun, interspersed with
dark brownish russet specks. Flesh pale green, reddish to-
wards the stone, melting, juicy, and richly flavoured. Stone
oval and rough. Flowers small. Glands kidney -shaped.
Eipens in the end of August and beginning of September.

This is one of the very best nectarines. The tree is
an excellent bearer, and forces well.

Emmerton's "White. See Wh'de.

Faiechild's. — Fruit small, round, slightly flattened
at the top. Skin yellowish-green, bright red next the
sun. Flesh yellow to the stone, dry, and sweet. Stone
nearly smooth. Flowers large. Glands kidney-shaped.
Eipens in the beginning and middle of August ; but it is
of little merit, its only recommendation being its earliness.

Flanders. See White.

French Ncwington. See Old Newington.

Golden {Orange). — Fruit medium sized, roundish-
ovate. Skin fine waxen yellow in the shade, and bright
scarlet, streaked with red, where exposed. Flesh yellow,
adhering to the stone, juicy, and sweet. Flowers small.
Glands kidney-shaped. Early in September.

Grosse Yiolette Hative. See Violette Grosse.

Hampton Court. See Violette Hdtive.

Hardwicke Seedling. — Fruit very large, almost

NECTARINES. 127

round, and sometimes inclining to oval. Skin pale green
on the shaded side, entirely covered with dark purplish-
red next the sun. Flesh greenish, with a tinge of red
next the stone, melting, juicy, rich, and highly flavoured.
Glands none. Flowers large. Bipens in the middle and
end of August.

This was raised from the Elruge at Hardwicke House,
near Bury St. Edmunds, and is one of the hardiest and
most prolific of nectarines.

Hunt's Tawny {Hunfs Early Tawny). — Fruit rather
below medium size, roundish-ovate, narrow towards the
top, compressed on the sides, enlarged on one side of the
suture. Skin pale orange, deep red next the sun, spotted
"vvith russety specks. Flesh deep orange, rich, and juicy.
Tree hardy and prolific. Flowers small. Glands none.
Kip ens in the middle and end of August,

Impebatrice. — In size and appearance this has a con-
siderable resemblance to Yiolette Hative ; but the flesh
is not so red at the stone as in that variety. It is very
richly flavoured, and when allowed to hang till it shrivels
— a property which few of the Freestone Nectarines
possess — it becomes quite a sweetmeat. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small. Ripens in the beginning of
September. The tree is hardy, and an excellent bearer.

Large Scarlet. See Violette Hdtive.

Large White. See White.

Late Green. See PeterhorougJi.

Late Melting. — This appears to be a variety of Peter-
borough, but the fruit is double the size. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small.

This is a very late variety, and is well worth growing
in large collections when it is desired to extend the sea-
son of this kind of fruit.

Lewis. See Boston.

Lord Selsey's Elruge. See Violette Sdtive,

Lucombe's Black. See Early Neioingtoji.

Lucombe's Seedling. See Early Neioington.

Murrey {Blach Murrey). — Fruit medium sized,
roundish-ovate, enlarged on one side of the suture. Skin
pale green on the shaded side, and dark red next the
sun. Flesh greenish-white, melting, and richly flavoured.

128 NECTAEINES.

Stone nearly smooth. Glands kidney-sliaped. Flowers
small.

An excellent variety, ripe in the end of August. Tree
hardy, and a good bearer.

I^eat's White. See White.

New Dark Wewington. See Early Neivhigton,

New Scarlet. See Violette Hdtive. \

North's Large. See Old Neioington.

Oatlands. See Elriige.

Oldenbueg. — Fruit medium sized, ovate. Skin pale
yellow on the shaded side, but very much covered with
very dark red on the side next the sun. Flesh yellowish-
white throughout, and without any trace of red next the
stone, very melting and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and
vinous flavour. Glands kidney-shaped. Flowers small.
Ripens in the end of September, and hangs well till it
shrivels, when it is very rich.

Old Kewington [Anderdons ; French Newington;
North's Large; JRoiigh Horn an ; Scarlet Neivington;
Smith's Neioington; Sioii Hill). — Fruit rather large,
roundish. Skin pale next the wall, bright red next the
sun. Flesh pale yellow, red at the stone, to which it
adheres, juicy, sweet, rich, and vinous. Stone small and
rough. Flowers large. Glands none. Bipens in the
middle of September.

Old Eoman. See Boman.

Orange. See Golden.

Perkins' Seedling. See Boston.

Peteeboeough {Late Green; Vermash). — Fruit me-
dium sized, round. Skin green, with a very faint dull red
next the sun. Flesh greenish-white to the stone, juicy,
but nothing very remarkable except as being the latest
nectarine known. Flowers small. Glands kidney-shaped.
Bipens in October.

PiTMASTOjsr Oeange {Williams' Orange; Williams*
Seedling). — Fruit large, roundish-ovate, narrow towards
the top, which ends in an acute swollen point. Skin rich
orange, brownish-red next the sun, streaked where the
two colours blend. Flesh deep yellow, red at the stone,
juicy, rich, and excellent. Stone small, sharp-pointed,
and very rough. Flowers large. Glands round. Bipens

NECTARINES. 129

in tlie end of August and beginning of September. Tree
an excellent bearer.

Bed Koman. See Homan.

RiYEEs' Oeange.— This is a seedling raised from Pit-
maston Orange, and difiers from its parent in having
kidney-shaped instead of round glands. The fruit is
similar to that of Pitmaston Orange, and very richly
flavoured; and the tree, in Mr. Elvers' estimation, is
more robust in its habit, bears, perhaps, more profusely,
and is hardier than that variety.

lioMAN {Brugnon JSIusqiie ; Brugnon Yiolette 3fusque ;
Old Roman; Red JRoman). — Fruit large, roundish,
flattened at the top. Skin greenish-yellow, brown mudd}'-
red, and rough with russety specks next the sun. Flesh
greenish-yellow, deep red at the stone, to which it
adheres, rich, juicy, and with a highly vinous flavour,
particularly when allowed to hang till it shrivels.
Flowers large. Glands kidney-shaped. Beginning of
September.

In many collections Yiolette Hative and Elruge are
grown for this variety ; but from both of these it is readily
distinguished by its flowers, which are large.

Eough Eoman. See Old Neicington.

Scarlet. See Old Newiugton.

Sion Hill. See Old Newington.

Smith's Newington. See Old Newington.

Spriugrove. See Elruge.

Stanw^ick. — Fruit large, roundish oval. Skin pale
lively green where shaded, and purplish-red where ex-
posed to the sun. Flesh white, melting, rich, sugar}^
and most delicious. Kernel sweet, like that of the sweet
almond. Glands kidney-shaped. Flowers large. Eipe
the middle and end of September.

The fruit is very apt to crack, and requires to be grown
under glass. Hitherto it has generally failed to ripen
thoroughly against walls in the open air, except in one
or two instances, with which I am acquainted, where
grown in a light sandy soil and a good exposure, it then
ripened thoroughly without cracking.

Temple. See Elruge.

Vermash. See Peterborough.

K.

130 NECTARINES.

Violet. See Violette Hcdive.

Violette de Courson. See Violette Grosse.

Violette Geosse {Grosse Violette Hative ; Violette de
Courson). — Fruit larger than Violette Hative. Skin pale
green, marbled with violet-red. Flesh less vinous than
Violette Hative, but an excellent fruit. Flowers small.
Glands kidney-shaped. Early in September.

Violette HItive (^roma^zc; Early Brugnon ; Early
Violet; Hampton Court; Large Scarlet; Lord Selseys
Elruge; Neio Scarlet ; Violet; Violette Musque). — Fruit
large, roundish-ovate. Skin yellowish-green in the shade,
dark purplish-red, mottled with brown, next the sun.
Flesh yellowish-green, deep red next the stone, rich, sweet,
and vinous. Stone roundish, deep reddish-brown, and
deeply furrowed. Flowers small. Glands kidney-shaped.
Hipens in the end of August and beginning of September.

Violette Musque. See Violette JSdtive.

White {Emmertons White ; Flanders; Large White;
Neafs White; New White; White Gowdray). — Fruit
large, uearh^ round. Skin white, with a slight tinge of
red next the sun. Flesh white throughout, very juicy,
with a rich vinous flavour. Stone small. Flowers large.
Glands kidney-shaped. Eipens in the end of August and
beginning of September.

White Cowdray. See White.

Williams' Orange. See Pitmaston Orange.

Williams' Seedling. See Pitmaston Orange.

LIST OF SELECT iS"ECTAEmES.

Those marked * are suitable Jbr small collections.

*Balgo\van Pitmaston Oranrre

Dowiiton *Eiver3' Orange ^

Early Xewington *Eomau

* Elruge . Stan wick

*Hard\vicke Seedling Violette Hative

Oldenburg *White

131

NUTS AND FILBERTS.

SYNOPSIS OF NUTS.

I. NUTS. — The hush shorter than, or as long as, iho liiut*

Bond Downton Square

Cob Pearson's Prolific

Cosford

II. FILBEETS. — Eitsh longer than the Nut

Frizzled Eed

Lambert White

Purple

Bond Nut.— Hust hairy, shorter than the nnt. Nut
of medium size, ovate and oblong. Shell thin. Kernel
large.

This is an excellent nut, and the tree is a good bearer.

Cape Nut. See Frizzled Filbert.

Cob {JRound Cob). — Husk hairy, shorter than the nut,
and much frizzled. Nut large, obtusely ovate. Shell of
a light brown colour, rather thick. Kernel large.

A good nut for early use, but does not keep well.

CosFOED {3Iiss Young's; Thin-slielled). — Husk hairy,
as long as the nut, and deeply cut. Nut large, obloug.
Shell of a light brown colour, very thin, so much so as to
be easily broken between the finger and thumb. Kernel
large, and well flavoured.

An excellent early nut, and the tree is an abundant
bearer.

DowNTON Squaee. — Husk smooth, shorter than the
nut. Nut large, short, four-sided. Shell thick. Kernel
fall, and well flavoured.

Dwarf Prolific. See Fearsons Frolific.

Filbert Cob. See Lambert Filbert.

Feizzled Filbeet {Frizzled Nut; Cape Nut) .—'Rw^'k
hairy, twice as lon^' as the nut, deeply frizzled, and spread-

132 NUTS AND FILBERTS.

ing open at the mouth. Nut small, oblong, and tlattened.
Shell thick. Kernel full. _

This is rather a late Tariety. The tree is an excellent
bearer, and the nuts are produced in clusters.

Kentish Cob. See Lamhert Filbert.

Lambert Filbert {Kentish Cob ; Filbert Cob). — Husk
nearly smooth, longer than the nut, and very slightly cut
round the margin. Nut large, oblong, and somewhat
compressed. Shell pretty thick, of a brown colour.
Kerael full, and very richly flavoured.

This is, perhaps, the best of all the nuts. The tree is
a most abundant bearer ; some of the nuts are upwards
of an inch in length, and they have, ■v^itli care, been kept
for four years. It is only after being kept for some time
that their full richness of flavour is obtained.

Miss Young's. See Cosford.

Nottingham Proliflc. See Pearson s Proline.

Pearson's Prolific (Dwarf Prolific; Nottingham
Prolific). — Husk hairy, sJiorter than the nut. Nut me-
dium sized, and smaller than the Cob ; obtusely ovate.
Shell rather thick. Kernel full.

A very excellent vaviet3^ The trees are most abun-
dant bearers, and I have seen them not more than two
feet and a half high laden ^Yith fruit.

Purple Filbert {Purple-leaved). — This diff'ers from
the Ked Filbert in having the leaves of a dark blood-red
colour, like those of the Purple Beech. The fruit is
similar to, and quite as good as, that of the Eed Filbert,
and is of a deep purple colour. It is, therefore, not only
valuable as an ornamental shrub, but produces excellent
fruit.

Red Filbert {Bed Hazel). — Husk hairy, longer than
the nut. Nut of medium size, ovate. Shell thick. Kernel
full, covered with a red skin.

Hound Cob. See Cob.

Thin-shelled. See Cosford,

"White Filbert ( Wrotham Park). — Husk hairy, longer
than the nut, round the apex of which it is contracted.
Nut medium sized, ovate. Shell thick. Kernel full,
and covered with a white skin.

Wrotham Park. See White Filbert,

133

PEACHES.

SYNOrsiS OF PEACHES.

I. FEEESTONES.

Flesh separating freely from the stone.

* Leaves without glands.

A. Flcicers larcje, Eecl Magdalene

Early Anne Sulhamstead

Early Savoy Vanguard

Early York "White Magdalene

Hemskerk White IS'utmeg
Malta

Montaubon b. Floivers smalL

Isoblesse Early Tillotsou

Princesse Marie Iioyal Ch.arlotte

Pucelle de Malines Eoyal George

** Leaves with

A. Floicers large.
Abec

Acton Scot
Barrington
Belle Beauce
Early Admirable
Early Grosse Mignonne
Grosse Mignonne
Hative de Ferrieres
Leopold the First
Mountaineer
SpringroYC

B. Floicers small.
American Xewington
Belle de Doue

round glands.

Bellegarde

Boudin

Cooledge's Favourite

Crawford's Early

Desse Tardive

George the Fourth

Gregory's Late

Incomparable en Beaute

Late Admirable

Morrisania

Kivette

Teton de Tenus

Yiolette Hative

Walburton Admirable

Yellow Alberge

^^^ Leaves loith kidnei/shajoed glands.
A. Floivers large. Bed ^'utmeg

Early Purple Shanghai

Flat Peach of China
Prince Eugene

Yellow Admirable

13-1 PEACHES.

-^,*^ Leaves with kidney -sli a jyed glands.
B. Flowers small. Keine des Yergers

Belle Chevrcuse TJosanna

Belle cle la Croix Salway

Chancellor Small Mignonna

II. CLINGSTONES.
Flesh adhering closely to t'ne stone.

f Leaves toitJiout glands.
A. Floioers large.
Early Newington Old Newington

tt Leaves with Icidney-slLaped glands,
A. Floioers large. B. Flowers small.

Pavie de Poinpone Catherine

Incomparable

Abec. — Fruit of medium size and roundish, pitted at
the apex, one side of which is higher than the other, and
with a shallow suture, which is also higher on one side.
Skin remarkably thin and tender, of a lemon-yellow colour,
with crimson dots on the shaded side, but covered with a
crimson cheek and darker dots of the same colour on the
side exposecl to the sun. Flesh white, with a very slight
tinge of red next the stone, from wliich it separates
very freely ; remarkably tender and melting, sweet, and
with somewhat of a strawberry flavour. Glands round.
Flowers large.

This is a very fine and early peach. It ripens in the
third week of August.

Abricotee. See Yellow Admirable.

Acton Scot. — Fruit small, narrow, and depressed at
the top. Skin pale yellowish-white, marbled with briglit
red next the sun. Suture well marked. Flesh pale
throughout, melting, rich, and sugary. Flowers large.
Ghsnds round. End of August. A delicious little peach.

Admirable. See Early Admirable.

Albcrge Jaunc. See Yelloiv Alberge.

Amektcan JN'ewington [Early Neivlngton Freestohe).
— Fruit large, round, and marked with a suture, which is

PEACHES. 135

higher on one side. Skin yello^yish-white, dotted with
red in the shade, and bright red next the sun. Flesh
white, red at the stone, to which some strings adhere ;
juicy, rich, and vinous. Glands round. Flowers small.
Bipe in the end of August.

Anne. See Early Anne,

Avant. See G-rosse Mignonne.

Ayant Blanche. See White Nutmeg,

Avant Peche de Troyes. See Red Nutmeg.

Avant Eouge. See Red Nutmeg.

Baerington {BucTcinr/hamMignonne; ColonelJrvsleys).
— Fruit large, roundish-ovate. Skin down}^, yellowish-
green, marbled with red next the sun. Suture well de-
fined. Flesh yellowish, slightly tinged with red at the
stone, rich, vinous, and of first-rate quality. Flowers
large. Glands round. Middle of September.

The tree is very hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer.
This is one of the best mid-season peaches, and bears
carriage well.

Belle Beauce. — This is a variety of Grosse Mignonne,
but considerably larger, and ripens from ten to fourteen
days later. Glands round. Flowers large. Eipens in
the middle of September.

Belle Cheveetjse {Early Chevreuse). — Fruit elongated,
with rarely a nipple on the summit. Skin unusually
downy, yellowish, except next the sun, where it is flesh-
coloured and marbled with dark red. Suture distinct.
Flesh whitish-yellow, tinged with red under the skin
next the suu, and marbled with rose colour at the
stone, sweet, and juic}^. Flowers small. Glands kidney-
shaped. Beginning of September.

Belle de la Ceoix. — This is a new peach raised at

Bordeaux eight or ten years ago, and introduced to this
country by Mr. Sivers. It is large and round. The
flesh is very sweet and richly flavoured, equal to the
Early York. Glands kidney-shaped. Flowers small.
Eipens in the end of August and beginning of September.
The tree is hardy and a robust grower.

Belle de Doue {Belle de Douai). — This is a fine, large,
melting peach, an early variety of Beilegarde. It is of
first-rate quality, with a vinous and richly-flavoured
flesh which separates freely from the stone. Glands

136 PEACHES.

round. Plovrers small. Ripens in the last week of
August and beginning of September.

Belle de Paris. See Malta.

Bellegaede {Galande ; French Galande ; Noire de
Montreiiil; Ronalds' Brentford Mic/nonne). — Fruit round,
sliglitl}^ compressed and hollow at the summit, with a
small projecting nipple. Skin deep red all over, striated
with dark purple, so much so as to be almost black. Suture
sliallow. Flesh pale yellow, slightly red at the stone,
rich, vinous, and juicy ; healthy and a prolific bearer.
Flowers small. Glands round. Beginning and middle
of September.

This is a very excellent peach, and the tree is a good
bearer.

BouDiN {La Roy ale ; Xarhonne). — Fruit large, nearly
round, sometimes terminated by a very slight nipple. Skin
greenish-white, reddish next the sun, covered with very
fine down. Suture deep. Flesh whitish-yellow, deep
red round the stone, very rich, sugary, and vinous. Stone
small and turgid. Is produced from seed. Flowers small.
Glands round. Beginning of September.

Brentford Mignonne. See BeUegarde.

Brown !Xutmeg. See Red Xutnieg.

Buckingham Mignonne, See Barrington.

De Burai. See Yellow Admirable.

Catheeine. — Fruit large, roundish, elongated, swollen
on one side of the suture, and terminated by a small
nipple. Skin yellowish-green, dotted with bright red in
the shade, bright red striated with darker red next the
sun. Flesh adhering to the stone, firm, yellowish-white,
dark red at the stone, juicy, rich, and excellent. Requires
heat to bring it to full perfection. Flowers small. Glands
kidney-shaped. September and October.

Chancelloe {Edgar s Late Melting ; Late Chancellor ;
Noisette; Steicard's Late Galande). — Fruit large, oval,
pale yellow, dark crimson next the sun. Suture well
defined. Flesh free, pale yellow, very deep red at the
stone, sugary, rich, and vinous. Stone oblong. Flowers
small. Glands kidney-shaped. Middle of September.

China Peach. See JFlat Peach of China.

Colonel Ansley's. See Barrington.

PEACHES. 137

Cooledge'sFavoukite. — Fruit medium sized, roundisli,
vrith a well-defined suture, which is most marked towards
the apex, and rather higher on one side than the other.
Skin white, covered with crimson dots, and with a crim-
son cheek on the side next the sun. Flesh very tender
and melting, separating freely from the stone, juicy and
sweet, and with a fine delicate flavour. Glands round.
Flowers small. This is a very fine peach. Eipens in the
last week in August.

Ckawfoed's Early {CrawfonVs Early Malecoton). —
Fruit very large, of a roundish and slightly oblate shape,
depressed at the crown, from which issues a rather
shallow suture, much higher on one side than the other.
Skin thin, of a deep lemon colour, but on the side next
the sun it has a reddish-orange blush, strewed with nu-
merous, distinct, dark crimson dots. Flesh yellow, red-
dish at the stone, from which it separates freely ; very
tender and melting, remarkably succulent, with a deli-
cious saccharine and vinous juice. Glands round. Flowers
small. End of August and beginning of September.

This is a very large and most delicious peach, with a
yellow flesh like an apricot, and is deserving of very
extensive cultivation.

Desse Taedive. — Fruit large, round, fiat at the top
and marked with a deep suture at the stalk. Skin of a
very pale colour, covered on the shaded side with minute
red dots, and a light tinge of red next the sun. Flesh
pale greenish-white, with a faint rosy tinge next the
stone, melting, very juicy, sweet, richly flavoured, and
vinous. Glands round. Flowers small. Eipeintheend
of September and beginning of October.

This is one of the very best late peaches. There is a
Desse Hdtlve quite distinct from this, which ripens in the
middle of August, having kidney-shaped glands and large
flowers.

Dorsetshire. See Nivette.

Double !Montagne. See Montauhon.

Double Swalsh. See Royal George.

Dubbele Zwolsche. See Boyal George.

Eaely Admirable (Admirable). — Fruit large, round-
ish. Skin fine clear light yellow in the shade, and bright
red next the sun. Suture distinct. Flesh white, pale

138 PEAcnES.

red at the stone, rich, sweet, and sugary. Flowers large.
Glands round. Beginning of September.

Eakly Anne (Anne). — Fruit medium sized, round.
Skin wliite, tinged and dotted with red next the sun.
Suture shallow. Flesh white to the stone, pleasant,
but rather inclined to be mealy, its earliness proving
its chief merit. Flowers large. Glands none. Early ia
August.

Early Chevreuse. See Belle Chevreuse.

Eakly Geosse Mignonne {Mignonne Hdttve). — Fruit
medium sized, roundish, pitted at the apex, with a small
nipple on one side of it, and with a shallow suture. The
skin has a pale red cheek on the side exposed to the sun,
and is thickly dotted all over witJi bright crimson dots.
The flesh is white, with veins of red throughout, separating
freely from the stone, sweet, very juicy, and vinous.
Glands round. Flowers large.

This is a very fine peach, ripening in the second week
in August.

Eaely jS'ewixgton {SmitJts JLarl >) 2\ewington). — Fruit
medium sized, rather oval. Skin oi' a pale straw colour
on the shaded side, and streaked with purple next the
sun. Flesh pale yellow, tinged with light red next the
stone to which it adheres; juicy and well flavoured.
Flowers large. Glands none. !Ripe the end of August
and beginning of September.

Early Newington Freestone. See American Neivington.

^AULY VuuvL'E {Pourpree Hdtive ; JPoiuyree Hdtivc a
Grandes Fleurs ; Vineuse). — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
depressed at the apex, divided on one side by a deep su-
ture extending from the base and across the apex. Skin
covered with a thick down, pale sulphur yellow, thinly
dotted with red on the shaded side, and deep purplish
red next the sun. Flesh white, separating from the
stone, red under the skin on the side w Inch is exposed to
the sun, and very deep red at the stone ; of a rich vinous
and sugary flavour. Flowers large. Glands kidney-
shaped. Eipe the middle and end of August.

Early Purple Avant. See Grosse 3Iignonrie.

Early Savoy {JPrecoce de Savoie). — This is a variety
of Grosse Mignonne, but more ovate in shape, and paler
colour on the side next the sun. It is an excellent variety,

PEACHES. 139

and ripens in the end of August. Glands none. Flowers
large.

Eaely Tillotson. — Yery like Eoyal George.

Early York. — Fruit medium sized, roundish, inclining
to ovate ; marked on one side -with a shallow suture.
Skin very thin, delicate greenish- white, dotted with red \
in the shade, but dark red next the sun. Flesh greenish
white, melting, very juicy, vinous, and richly flavoured.
Ghmds none. Flowers large. Eipe in the beginning and
middle of August.

One of the best early peaches.

Early Vineyard. See Grosse Mi(jnonne.
Edgar's Late Melting. See Chancellor.
Enghsh Galande. See Violette Ildtive^

Flat Peach of China {China Peach ; Java Peach). —
Fruit small, so much depressed at both ends as to form a
deep hollow on each ; in the top one is set a broad, rough,
and five-angled eye. Skin pale yellowish-green, mottled
with red next the sun. Flesh pale yellow, free, red at
the stone, sweet, juicy, and noyeau flavoured ; forces
well in pots. Middle and end of September. Flowers
large. Glands kidney-shaped.

I believe this peach does not now exist in this country,
all the trees having been killed by the severe frost of
1838.

Forster's Early. See Grosse Mignonne.

French Galande. See 'Bellegarde.

French Magdalen. See Ped Magdalen.

French Mignonne. See Grosse Mignonne.

Galande. See JBellegarde.

Geoege the ForETH. — Fruit large, round, swollen on
one side of the suture. Skin yellowish-white dotted with
red, and rich dark red next the sun, mottled with dark
red where the two colours blend. Suture deep at the
summit. Stalk set in a hollow depression. Flesh pale
yellow, rich, vinous, and juicy. Flowers small. Glands
round. Early in September.

This is a very large and very excellent peach.

Golden Fleshed. See Yelloiv Alberge.
Golden Mignonne. See Yellow Alberge.

140 PEACHES.

Geegoet's Late. — Fruit large, ovate, and pointed.
Skin pale green on the sliaded side, and with a dark red
cheek, like Eoyal George, on the side next the sun. Flesh
very melting, vinous, sugary, and highly flavoured.
Glands round. Flowers small. Eipe in the end of
September, or beginning of October.

This is an excellent late melting peach, somewhat later
than Late Admirable.

Griffith's Mignonne. See Royal George.

Grimwood's Hoyal Charlotte. See Royal Charlotte.

Grimwood's Hoyal George. See Grosse Mignonne.

Grosse Jaune. See Yelloiv Admirable.

Grosse Malecoton. See Pavie de Pompone.

Gbosse Mignonne {Avant ; Early Purple Avant ;
Early Vineyard; Forsters Early; French Mignonne ;
Griniicood's Royal George; Johnson's Early Purple
Avant; Neil's Early Purple; Padleys Early Purple ;
Ronalds' Galande; Royal Kensington; Royal Sovereign ;
Smooth-leaved Royal George; Superb Royal). — Fruit
large, roundish, somewhat flattened, and furrowed with
a deep suture at the top, which seems to divide it in two
lobes. Skin pale greenish-3'eliow mottled with red, and
deep brownish-red next the sun, covered with fine soft
down. Flesh pale yellow, red under the skin on the side
next the sun and at the stone, rich, and delicate, vinous,
and highly flavoured. Stone small, very rough. Flowers
large. Glands round. August and September.

Grosse Peche Jaune Tardive. See Yellotv Admirable.

Grosse Perseque Eouge. See Pavie de Pompone.

Hardy Galande. See Violette Hdtive.

Hative de Peeeieees. — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
marked with a shallow suture, which is higher on one
side than the other. Skin white, almost entirely covered
with bright red. Flesh white, with a slight tinge of red
at the stone, melting and juicy, with a rich vinous flavour.
Glands round. Flowers large. Eipens in the beginning
of September.

Hemskeek. — Fruit medium sized. Skin yellowish-
green, spotted with scarlet, bright red mottled with darker
red next the sun. Flesh greenish-yellow throughout, rich
and delicious. Stone small, and smoother than any other

PEACHES. 141

peacb. A good bearer. Flowers large. Glands none.
Eipens in tbe end of August.

Hoffmann's. See Morrisania.

Incompaeable. — Very similar to tbe Catberine, but
not so good, riesb clingstone. Flowers small. Glands
kidnej-sbaped.

Incompaeable en Beaute. — Fruit large, round, and
depressed at botb ends. Skin pale yellowisb-green in tbe
sbade, but streaked witb crimson and covered witb deep
brownisb-red next tbe sun. Flesb wbite, dark red at tbe
stone, melting and juicy, vinous, and witb a somewbat
musky flavour. A very sbowy fruit, but is not of first-
rate quality. Flowers small. Glands round. Middle of
September.

Italian. See Malta.

Java Peacb. See Flat JPeach of China.

Jobnson's Early Purple Avant. See Grosse Mignonne.

Judd's Melting. See Late Admirable.

Kew Early Purple. See Royal Charlotte.

Late AriiiEABLE {Judd's Melting -, Motteux Seedling).
— Fruit very large, elongated, terminated witb an acute
swollen nipple. Skin yellowisb-green, pale red and
marbled and striped witb deep red next tbe sun. Suture
deep. Flesb greenisb-wbite, witb red veins at tbe stone,
delicate, juicy, ricb, and vinous. Flowers small. Glands
round. Middle and end of September.

One of the best late peacbes.

Late Cbancellor. See Chancellor.

Leopold the Fiest. — Fruit very large, round, pitted
at tbe apex, and marked witb a distinct suture on one
side. Skin pale yellow, tiuged witb red, and very sligbtly,
or not at all, wasbed witb red next tbe sun. Flesb
tender, very melting, vinous, and perfumed. Glands
round. Flowers large. Eipens in tbe middle of October.

Lockyer's Mignonne. See Royal George.
Lord Fauconberg's. See Royal Charlotte.
Lord Montague's. See Noblesse.
Lord Nelson's. See Royal Charlotte.
Madeleine Blancbe. See White Magdalen.

142 PEACHES.

Madeleine de Courson. See Red Magdalen.

Madeleine Eouge. See Eed Magdalen.

Madeleine Eouge a Petites Fleurs. Sec Royal George,

Malta {Belle de Paris ; Italian; Malte de Normandie ;
Peche de Malte). — Fruit large, roundish, flattened at tlie
top. Skin greenish-yellow, blotehed with dull purple
next the sun. Suture broad and shallow. Flesh greenish,
light red next the stone, rich, vinous, juicy, slightly
inusky, and deliciously flavoured. Bears carriage better
than any other peach. Flowers large. Glands none.
August and September.

Mellish's Favourite. See Noblesse.

Mignonne Hative. See Early Grosse Mignonne.

Mignonne Petite. See Small Mignonne.

Millet's Mignonne. See Royal George.

Monstrous Pavie of Pompone. See Pavie de Pompone,

Montague. See Montauhon.

Montague Blanche. See White Magdalen.

MoNTAUBON {Double Montagne; Montagne). — Fruit
medium sized, roundish, narrow at the top. Skin pale
greenish-yellow, red, marbled with darker red next the
sun. Suture distinct. Flesh white to the stone, rich,
and juicy. A good bearer. Flowers large. Glands
none. End of August.

MoEEiSANiA [Hojfmann s I Morrison s Pound). — Fruit
very large, round. Skin dull greenish-white, and brownish-
red next the sun. Flesh pale yellow, juicy, sugary, and
riclily flavoured. Flowers small. Glands round. Middle
aud end of September.

Motteux' Seedling. See Late Admirable.

Mountaineer. — Fruit large, roundish, somewhat
pointed at the apex. Skin nearly smooth, pale yellow,
dotted Avith red on the shaded side, but dark red next
the sun. Flesh pale yellowish-green, rayed with red
at the stone, melting, juic}^ and richlj^ flavoured. Glands
round. Flowers large. Early in September.

Neil's Early Purple. See Grosse Mignonne.

New Eoyal Charlotte. See Royal Charlotte.

I^IYHTTE {Dorsetshire J Veloutee Tardive).— 'FruU round,

PEACHES. 143

elongated, depressed at the top. Skin pale green, bright
red with deep red spots next the sun, covered with a fine
velvety down. Suture shallow. Flesh pale green, deep
red at the stone, rich, and sugary. Flowers small.
Glands round. Middle of September.

Noblesse {Lord Montague s ; 3IeUisJis Favourite). —
Fruit large, roundish-oblong, terminating with a small
nipple. Skin pale yellowish-green in the shade, delicate
red, marbled and streaked with dull red and purple next
the sun. Flesh white, tinged with yellow, slightly veined
with red next the stone, juicy, sweet, and very luscious.
Tree hardy and healthy. Flowers large. Glands none.
End of August and beginning of September.

!Noire de Montreuil. See Bellegarde.

Noisette. See Chancellor.

Newington. See Old Newington.

Old Newington {Newington). — Fruit large, roundish,
marked with a shallovr suture. Skin pale yellow in the
shade ; and fine red marked with still darker red on the
side next the sun. Flesh yellowish-white, deep red at
the stone, to which it adheres ; of a juicy, rich, and very
vinous flavour. Flowers large. Glands none. Eipe the
middle of September.

D'Orange. See Yellow Admirahle.

Padley's Early Purple. See Grosse Mignonne.

Pavie Camu. See Pavie de Pompone.

Pavie Monstrueuse. See Pavie de Pomjione.

Pavie de Pompone {Gros Malecoion ; Gros Perseque
Bouge ; Monstrous Pavie of Pompone; Pavie Camu;
Pavie 31onstrueux ; Pavie Rouge de Pomjoone; Pavie
Rouge). — Fruit immensely large and round, terminated by
an obtuse nipple, and marked on one side with a shallow
suture. Skin pale yellowish-white, slightly tinged with
green on the shaded side, and of a beautiful deep red
next the sun. Flesh yellowish-white, deep red at the
stone, to which it adheres ; in warm seasons it is of ^
vinous, sugary, and musky flavour, but otherwise it is
insipid. In this climate it rarely if ever attains perfec-
tion. Flowers large. Glands kidney-shaped. Eipc the
middle and end of October.

Pavie Eouge. See Pavie de Pompone,

144 PEACHES.

Pavie Kouge de Pompone. See Pavie de Pompone,

Peclie d'Abricot. See Yelloic Admirable.

Peche de Malte. See 3falta.

Peclie Jaune. See Yellow Alhet^ge.

Petite Mignonne. See Small Mignonne.

Petite Rosanne. See Posanna.

Pound. See Morrisania.

Pourpree Hative. See Early Purple.

Pourpree Hative a Grandes Fleurs. See Parly Purple,

Precoce de Savoie. See Parly Savoy.

Peince Eugene. — Fruit medium sized, rouudisK. Si^in
pale yellowisli-wliite, and wlien ripe of a pale waxen
colour, faintly tinged with red next the sun. Flesh melt-
ing, and somewhat deficient in flavour ; but Mr. Elvers
says, if forced or grown in a very warm soil and situation
it is a very excellent variety. End of August. Glands
kidney-shaped. Flowers large.

Peincesse Maeie. — Fruit medium sized, roundish.
Skin yellowish-white, dotted with pale red on the shaded
side, and dark red on the side next the sun. FJcsh
3''ellowish-white, rayed with red at the stone; melting,
juicy, rich, and vinous. Glands none. Flowers large.
Ripens in the middle of September.

Pucelle de Malines. — Fruit pretty large, round, and
depressed, having a well-marked suture. Skin clear
yellow in the shade, but lightly coloured with red next
the sun, and marked with brown spots. Flesh yellowish-
white, slightly marbled with red round the stone, melt-
ing, juic)^ sugary, and with a delicious perfume. Glands
round. Flowers large. End of August and beginning
of Sex)tember.

Purple Alberge. See Yelloto Alherge.

Red Alberge. See Yellow Alherge.

Red Avant. See Red Nutmeg.

Red Magdalen {French Magdalen-, Madeleine de
Courson ; Madeleine Rouge).— Yrmt rather below medium
size, round, and flattened at the stalk. Skin pale yel-
lowish-white in the shade, fine bright red next the sun.
Suture deep, extending on one side. Flesh w^hite, veined

PEACHES. 145

with red at the stone, firm, ricli, sugary, and Tinoua.
Flowers large. Glands none. End of August and be-
ginning of September.

Eed jS"utmeg {Avant Feche de Troyes ; Avant Rouge;
Brown Kuhneg ; Red Avaiit). — Fruit small, roundish,
terminated by a small round nipple. Skin pale yellow,
bright red, marbled with dark vermilion next the sun.
Suture distinct. Flesh pale 5^ellow, reddish under the
ekin on the side next the sun and at the stone, sweet and
musky. Very early and hardy. Flowers large. Glands
kidney-shaped. July and August.

^ aluable only for its earliness.

!Reine des Yeegees. — This is a large, handsome peach,
somewhat oval in shape, with a melting flesh of good
flavour, but is apt to become pasty unless grown in a
warm soil and situation. The tree is very hardy, and,
accordmg to Mr. Elvers, succeeds admirably in pots.
Eipens in the middle of September. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small.

Eonalds' Brentford Mignonne. See Bellegavde.

Eonalds' Galande. See Grosse Mignonne.

EosANNA [Petite Rosanne ; St. Laurent Jamie). — Fruit
medium sized, roundish. Skin yellow, deep purplish
next the sun. Flesh deep yellow at the circumference,
and deep red at the stone ; firm, rich, sugary, and vinous.
Tree bears well as a standard, and is very productive.
Flowers small. Glands kidney-shaped. Middle of Sep-
tember.

This is very different from Alberge Jaune, which is
sometimes called Eosanna.

Eouge Paysanne. See Red Magdalen.

Eoyale. See Boudin.

EoTAL Charlotte {Grimrcood's Royal C/iarlotte; Kew
Early Purple; Lord Fauconhcrg' s ; Lord Nelsons;
Neio Royal Charlotte). — Fruit rather large, roundish-
ovate. Skin pale white, deep red next the sun. Suture
moderately distinct. Flesh whitish, pale red next the
stone, juicy, rich, and vinous. Flowers small. Glands
none. Beginning of September.

EoTAL Geoege {Double SwalsJi ; Duhhele Zwolsche ;
Gi^iffltlis Mignonne I Lockyers Mignonne; Madeleine
Rouge a Petites Fleurs ; Millefs Mignonne ; SuiDerh). —

L

146 PEACHES.

Fruit large, round, and depressed. Skin very pale,
speckled \ritk red in the sliade, marbled with deeper
colour next the sun. Suture deep and broad at the top,
extendinsf round almost the whole circumference of the
fruit. Flesh pale yellowish-white, very red at the stone,
very juicy, rich, and high flavoured. Flowers small.
Glands none. August and. September.

Eoyal Kensington. See Grosse Mignonne.

Eoyal Sovereign. See Grosse Mignonne.

St. Laurent Jaune. See Hosanna.

Sal WAT. — Fruit medium sized, round. Skin of a deep
rich yellow colour. Flesh deep orange colour, very melt-
ing, juicy, and vinous. Glands kidney-shaped. Flowers
small. Eipe in the end of October and beginning of
November.

This is a very excellent late variety. The skin and
flesh are like tliose of an apricot, and the latter is very
juicy and highly flavoured.

Sandalie Hermaphrodite. See Yelloio Admirable,

Scandaiian. See Yelloic Admirable.

Shanghai.— Fruit very large, roundish. Skin pale
yellowish-green on the shaded side, and light red next
the sun. Flesh pale yellow, very deep red at the stone,
to which some of the strings adhere ; melting, juicy, and
richly flavoured. Glands kidney-shaped. Flowers large.
Ripens in the middle of September. The tree is an ex-
cellent bearer, and requires a very warm situation to
ripen the fruit properly. It was introduced from China
by Mr. Fortune.

SiiALL IVIiGNONXE {Petite Mignonne; Double deTroyes).
— Fruit small, roundish, flattened at the base, marked on
one side with a deep suture. Skin yellowish-white in
the shade, and bright red next the sun. Flesh white,
pale red next the stone, melting, very juicy, rich, and
excellent. Stone small and oblong. Glands kidney-
shaped. Flowers small. _ Ivipens early in August.

This ripens after the lied JS'utmeg, and is one of the
best early peaches. The tree is well adapted for pot
culture.

Smith's Early I^ewington. See Early Newington.

Smooth-leaved lloyai George, bee Grosse Mignonne*

PEACHES. 147

Spbingeove. — Fruit medium sized. Skin pale green
in the shade, bright red next the sun. Exce'lent,
very much resembles Acton Scot. Flowers large.
Glands round. End of August and beginning of Sep-
tember.

Steward's Late Galande. See Chancellor.

SuLHAMSTEAD. — Fruit rouudish, depressed. Skin pale
yellowish-green, with fine red next the sun. Flesh very
excellent. This very much resembles the Noblesse.
Flowers large. Glands none. End of August and be-
ginning of September.

Superb. See JRoyal George.

Superb Eoyal. See Grosse 3Iignonne.

Teton de Yenus. — Fruit elongated, larger than the
Boudin, but much paler, having but little colour next
the sun, and pale yellowish-white in the shade, surmounted
by a large turgid nipple. Flesh white, red at the stone,
delicate, sugary, and very rich. Flowers small. Glands
round. End of September.

This is quite distinct from Late Admirable.

YA2«GrAED. — This is a variety of Noblesse, and so
similar to it that the fruits cannot be distinguished the
one from the other. The only anparent distinction is in
the habit of the trees, which in l^anguard is much more
robust and hardy than in the Noblesse ; and the maiden
plants rise with a prominent leader, while the Noblesse
makes a roundheaded bush. Glands none. Flowers
large.

Yeloutee Tardive. See Nivette.

Yiolette Hative {English Galande; Hardy Galande).
— This is evidently a variety of Bellegarde or French
Galande, but is not so large in the fruit, and of a paler
colour, although it also is of dark red colour next the sun.
It may readily be distinguished by nurserymen, as it
grows freely on the Muscle, while the Bellegarde requires
the Pear-Plum or Brompton stock. It is a large and
very excellent peach, ripening in the middle of Septem-
ber. Glands round. Flowers small.

Walburton Admieable. — Fruit large and round.
Skin pale yellowish-green on the shaded side, and crim-
son, mottled with a darker colour, next the sun. Flesh
yellowish- white, melting, juicy, rich, and highly flavoured.

14<8 PEACHES.

Glands round. Flowers small. Eipens in the end of
September and beginning of October.

This is one of the best late peaches, and the tree is
very hardy and a good bearer.

White Avant. See White Nutmeg.

White Magdalene {Madaleine BlancJie ; Montague
BlancJie). — Fruit medium sized, roundish, flattened at
the base, and divided by a deep suture which extends
from the base to the apex, and terminates in a very slight
nipple, which is sometimes wanting. Skin easily de-
tached from the flesh, yellowish-white in the shade, and
delicately marked with red next the sun. Flesh white,
with some yellowish veins running through it, which are
tinged with red next the stone, from which it separates ;
juicy, melting, rich, sugary, and slightly vinous. Flowers
large. Glands none. Hipe the middle of August.

White Nutmeg {Avant BlancJie; White Ava7it). —
Fruit small, roundish, terminated by a pointed nipple,
and divided b}'- a deep suture, which extends from the
base to the apex. Skin white in the shade and lightly
tinged with pale red next the sun. Flesh white even to
the stone from which it separates ; rich, sugary, and per-
fumed. Flowers large. Glands none. Hipe the middle
of July.

Yellow Admirable [Abricotee ; Admirable Jaime
de Burai ; Grosse tTaune ; Grosse Peche Jaune Tardive;
dj' Orange ; PecJie d'Abricot ; Sandalie Hermaphrodite ;
ScandaUan). — Fruit very large, roundish, narrowing to-
wards the crown, Mhere it is somewhat flattened, and
from which issues a shallow suture, which diminishes
towards the base. Skin fine yellow in the shade, and
washed with light red on the side next the sun. Flesh
firm, deep yellow, tinged with red under the skin, and at
the stone, from which it separates ; and of a rich sugary
flavour resembling both in colour and taste that of an
apricot. Flowers large. Glands kidney-shaped. Eipe
in the middle and end of October.

Yellow Alberge (Alberge Jaime; Gold Fleshed;
Golden Mignonne ; Peche Jaune; Purple Alberge). —
Fruit medium sized, round, divided by a deep suture
which extends from the base to the apex, where it termi-
nates in a considerable depression. Skin adhering to the
flesh, covered with fine down, of a deep rich golden

PEACHES.

149

yellow on a portion of the shaded side, and deep red on
the other, ^hich extends almost over the whole surf\ice
of the fruit. Flesh deep yellow, but rich vermilion at
the stone, from which it separates, and of a rich vinous
flavour. Plowers small. Glands globose. Eipe the be-
ginning of September.

This in favourable situations succeeds well as a standard,
and IS frequently grown in nurseries under the name of
JKosanna, but erroneously.

LIST OF SELECT PEACHES.

Arranged in the order of ripening.

Small Mignonne Noblesse

Early Grosse Mignonne Bellegarde

Early York Barrington

^^^% ^, ^ , Walburton Admirable

Crawford s Early Gregory's Late

Grosse Mignonne Desse Tardive

Kojal George Salway

150

PEARS.

Abbe Mongein. See Uvedales St. Germain,
Abondance. See Amour.

AcHAN {Blade Achan; 'Black Bess; Bed ArTian ;
Winter Beurre). — Fruit medium sized, obovate, flattened
tO'.vards the eye. Skin varying from pale greenish-
yellow, to dark gre3nsh-green, and covered on one side
with dull brownish-red. Eye open, set in a slightly de-
pressed basin. Stalk about an inch long. Flesh tender,
rich, melting, sugary, and highly perfumed. Eipe in
jN^ovember.

Though an excellent Scotch dessert pear, this is
perfectly worthless in the south of England.

Adam's Flesh. See Chair a Dames.

Adele de St. Denis. See Baronne de Mello.

Ah! Mon Dieu. Qee Amour.

Albert. See Beurre d'Amanlis.

Albeetine. — Fruit above medium size, Doyenne
shaped. Skin smooth and shining, of a pale lemon
colour, strewed with very large russet dots, and with a
faint blush of red next the sun. Eye half open, set in
a shallow depression. Stalk short and stout. Flesh very
tender, melting, and buttery, piquant and perfumed. A
first-rate pear, with a slight musky flavour. Eipe in
September and October.

Alexandee Bivoet. — Fruit rather below medium size,
obovate. Skin shining, clear yellow, and covered with
pale brown and green dots. Stalk woody, half an inch
to three-quarters long. Flesh white, with a reddish
tinge, buttery, melting, and very juic3^ richly flavoured,
and with a high aroma. A first-rate pear. E-ipe in the
end of December and continues till February. The tree
has a bushy habit of growth.

Alexandee Lambee. — Fruit medium sized, round or
roundish-oval, uneven in its outline. Skin smooth,
greenish-yellow, with sometimes a tinge of red next the

PEAKS. 151

sun, and considerably covered with lines and dots of
russet. Stalk an incli long, and tkick. Flesli white,
half-melting, very juicy, sweet, and aromatic. December
till February.

ALEXANDKiNA. — A medium sized, early, melting pear,
which succeeds well on the quince, perfectly hardy, and
forming a handsome pyramid. E.ipe in September. —
Eiv. Cat.

Althoep Crasanne. — Medium size, roundish-obovate,
narrowing rather towards the eye than the stalk. Skin
pale green, dotted with russet, brownish next the sun.
Stalk an inch and a half long, curved, slender, and mode-
rately depressed. Ej^e with the segments much divided,
set in a slightly plaited shallow basin. Flesh white,
buttery, juicy, rich, and perfumed. October to Is'ovem-
ber. A first-rate pear in some situations.

Ambree Gris. See Amhreite d'Siver.

Ambrette. See Amhrette d' Hiver.

Ambrette Grise. See Amhrette d'Hiver

Ambbette d'Hiter {Amhrie Gris; Amhrette; Amhrette
Grise; Belle GaorieUe; Tromve Valet). — Fruit medium
sized, roundish, almost oval. Skin pale green, or greenish-
grey. Eye small and open, with flat and retiexed seg-
ments, and set in a shalloTT basin. Stalk about an inch
long, stout, and inserted in a small cavity. Flesh white
when grown on the quince, and tinged with green when
grown on the pear stock, rich, melting, and juicy, with an
agreeable musky perfume, supposed to resemble that of
Ambergris, and from which its name is derived. A very
good dessert pear ; in season from I^ovember to January.

Ambrosia {Early JBeurre). — Fruit medium sized,
roundish, depressed, and rather more swollen on one
side than the other. Skin greenish-yellow, covered with
grey specks. Eye small, closed with short segments, and
set in a wide and rather deep basin. Stalk long and
slender, rather deeply inserted. Flesh tender, melting,
juicy, and highly perfumed. Eipe in September.

Amiral. See Arhre Courhe.

Amiee Joannet [Joannet; Petit St. Jean; St. Jean;
Early Sugar; Harvest Pear). — Fruit small, regularly
pyriform. Skin very smooth, at first of a pale greenish-
yellow colour, which changes as it ripens to deep waxen

152 PEARS.

yellow, and with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye open,
with, stout, erect segments, placed even with the surface.
"Stalk an inch and a half to an inch and three quarters
(ong, stout and fleshy at the insertion. Flesh \vhiLe,
tender, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavoured, but soon
becomes meal3^

One of the earliest summer pears. liipe early in July,
and requires to be gathered as it is changing to yellow

Amire Roux. See Summer ArchduTce.

Amoselle. See Bergamotte cV Hollayide.

Amour {Ahondance ; Ah! Mon Dieu ; Belle Fertile).
— Fruit small and obovate. Skin pale yellow or citron
in the shade, and fine red covered with darker red dots
on the side next the sun. Eye small, scarcely at all de-
pressed, surrounded with a ^e'w plaits. Stalk an inch
long, curved, and inserted in a swollen cavity. Flesh white,
tender, and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavour. Eipens
in succession from September onwards, but will not keep
longer than a fortnight after being ripe.

Ananas {Ananas d'Ete). — Fruit large, obtuse pyri-
form. Skin yellowish-green, almost entirely covered with
rough brown russety dots, and with a brownish tinge
next the sun. Eye open, with short stiflf segments, and
set in a shallow basin. Stalk about an inch and a half
long, scarcely at all depressed, but generally with a swell-
ing on one side of it. Flesh delicate, melting, buttery,
with a pleasantly-perfumed flavour. Hipe in September.

The tree succeeds well as a standard, and is a good
bearer.

Angelique de BoKDEAt'x {Franc-real Gros ; St.
Martial). — Fruit medium sized, obtuse pyriform. Skin
smooth, yellowish-green in the shade and pale brownish-
red next the sun; strewed with brown dots. Eye small,
set in a narrow and rather shallow basin. Stalk thick,
an inch and a half long, fleshy at its insertion. Flesh
tender, buttery, juicy, and sugary.

An excellent dessert pear from January to April ; "but
to have it in perfection late in the season it requires to
be grown against a wall in a deep, rich soil.

Angleterre d'Hiver. See JBcUissime d' Hiver,

Angoise. See Winter Bon Chretien.

Angora. See TJvedales St. Germain.

PEARS. 153

Arbre Courbe {Amiral; Colmar Charnay).—l^T\nt
above medium size, oval pyriform. Skin pale green,
mottled and dotted witli pale brown-russet. Eye open,
set in a broad, shallow basin. Stalk three quarters to an
inch in length, and stout. Flesh greenish-white, half
buttery, juic}^ and somewhat astringent. October and
November. The tree has crooked branches.

Arbre Superbe. See Fondante d'Automne,
Archduke d'Ete. See Sutnmey Archduke.
Arteloire. See St. Germain.

Aston Town. — Below medium size, roundish-turbinate.
Skin greenish-white, thickly dotted with russet ; rough,
like a Crasanne. Stalk an inch and a half long, straight
and slender, inserted without any cavity. E3''e small,
nearly closed, and in a ver}^ shallow basin. Elesh yel-
lowish-white, buttery, perfumed, and high flavoured.

A dessert pear of first-rate qualit}^. E.ipe in the end
of October and beginning of jN'ovember. The tree is a
vigorous grower, attains a very large size, and bears
abundantly.

D'Auch. See Colmar.

Auguste Benoit. See Beicrre Benoit,

Austrasie. See Jaminette.

AuTUiiN Bergamot {Bergamot; EncjlisJi Bergamot ;
Yorh Bergamot). — Below medium size, roundish, and
flattened. Skin yellowish-green, brownish-red next the
sun, dotted with grey-russet. Stalk short and thick, set
in a wide, round, hollow. Eye small, placed in a shallow
basin. Flesh greenish-white, juicy, melting, exceedingly
sugary, and richly flavoured.

A fine old dessert pear, ripe in October. The tree is a
vigorous grower, hardy, forms a handsome standard, and
is a most abundant bearer.

Autumn Colmar {De Bavay). — Medium sized, oblong
pyriform, irregular, and uneven. Skin pale yellow,
spotted with russet. Stalk an inch long, straight, and
placed in a small, uneven cavity. Eye small, set in a
very shallow basin. Elesh buttery, gritty at the core,
rich, sugary, and perfumed. October to November.

The tree is a good bearer, and succeeds well as a
standard.

D'AvEiL.— Emit large, pyramidal, uneven in its out-

154 PEAKS.

line, and considerably bossed round the eye. Skin smootli
and shining, of a livel}' dark green colour, witk a dark
brown tinge next the sun, and patches of ashy-grey
russet on the shaded side ; the whole surface covered
with very large pale-coloured specks. Flesh crisp, juic}^
and sweet. March and April.

Badham's. See JBroion Beurre.

Bancreif. See Crawford.

Banneux. See Jamhiette.

Baeonne de Mello {Adele de St. Denis ; Beurre Vah
Mons ; Sis). — Fruit large, of a curved pyramidal shape.
Skin almost entirely covered with dark brown russet,
which is thin and smooth. Eye small and open, placed
in a very slight depression. Stalk half an inch long,
slender, and inserted on the surface of the fruit. Flesh
greenish-yellow, fine-grained, melting, and buttery ; very
juicy, rich, sugary, and with a fine aroma.

An autumn dessert pear of first-rate excellence. Hipe
in the end of October, and continues three weeks. The
tree is very hardy, an excellent bearer, and succeeds well
as a standard or pyramid.

Bartlett. See Williams' Bon Chretien.

De Bavay. See Autumn Colmar.

Beadxell's Seedling. — Fruit medium sized, tur-
binate. Skin pale j-ellowish-greeu, with a blush of red
on the side next the sun, and strewed with grey dots.
Eyo rather open, set in a shallow depression. Stalk
about an inch long. Flesh tender and melting, very juicy
and sweet. Hipe in October. Tree hardy, and an excel-
lent bearer.

Beauchamps. See Bergamotte Cadet.

Beau de la Cour. See Conseiller de la Cour.

Beau Present. See Jargonelle.

Beau Peesent d'Aetois {Present Boyal de yaples). —
Fruit large and pyriform. Skin greenish-yellow, covered
with patches and dots of brown russet. Eye small and
closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk about an inch long,
slightly depressed. Flesh melting, juicy, sweet, and
pretty good flavoured. Bipe in September.

Bedminster Gratioli. See Jersey GratioU.

Bein Armudi. See Bezi de la Motte.

PEAES. 155

Bell Pear. See Catillac.

Bell Tongue. See Windsor.

Belle Alliance. See Beurre Sterclcmans.

Belle Andrenne. See Vicar of Winhfield.

Belle d'Aout. See Belle de Bruxelles.

Belle Apres NoeL See Fondante de Noel.

Belle d'Austrasie. See Jaminette.

Belle de Berri. See Vicar of Winkfield.

Belle et Bonne (Crracieuse). — Fruit large, roundish.
Skin pale yellowish-green, covered with numerous russety
and green spots. Eye open, set in a wide shallow basin.
Stalk long and slender, fleshy at the base, and inserted in
a narrow cavity. Flesh white, rather coarse, tender,
buttery, sweet, and pleasantly flavoured. Eipe in Sep-
tember, but not at all a desirable variety to grow.

Belle de Beuxelles {Belle d^'AoiU; Belle sans
JEj?ines ; Bergamotie d' Mtt Grosse ; Bergamotte dcsBay-
sans ; Farfarean). — Fruit large, abrupt pear-shaped.
Skin smooth, of a fine clear lemon-yellovr colour, with a
tinge of red next the sun, and strewed with freckk^s of
russet. Eye small and half open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk an inch long, without a cavit}^ Flesh white, tender,
juicy, sweet, and perfumed.

A good and handsome summer pear, ripe in the end of
August. The tree is verj- hard}-, and a great bearer.

Belle Epine du Mas {Colmar dii Lot; Comte de
Limoges; Due de Bordeaux; Einne Dumas; Epine de
RochecJwuart). — Fruit medium sized, pyriform. Skin
pale lively green, thickly covered with large dots and
patches of brown russet on the shaded side ; but next the
sun marked with reddish-brown and orange. Eye small
and open, set in a deep and furrowed basin. Stalk an
inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity promi-
nentl}" knobbed round the margin. Flesh tender, half
melting, juicy, and sweet, but with little flavour. In use
during JNovember and December.

Belle d'Esquerme. See Jalousie de Fontenay.

Belle Excellente. See Due de Brahant.

Belle Fertile. See Amour.

Belle de Fiandree. See Flemish Beauty.

156 PEAES.

Belle Gabrielle. See Anihrette d'Siver.
Belle Heloise. See Vicar of WinJcJield.
Belle de Jersey. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Belle Julie. — Fruit rather below medium size, oval.
Skin clear olive-green, with a faint tinge of dull red on
the side next the sun, and considerably marked with russet,
particularly round the eye. Eye open, with spreading
segments siiglitly depressed. Stalk an inch long, inserted
in a small cavity. Flesh white, buttery, and melting,
juicy, sugary, and with a fine aroma.

An excellent pear, ripe during November. The tree
forms a beautiful pjTamid, and is a good bearer.

Belle Lucrative. See Fondante d' Automne.

Belle de Noel. See Fondante de Noel.

Belle Noisette. See BelUssime d' Siver.

Belle sans Epines. See Hampden s JBergamot.

Belle Vierge. See Jargonelle.

Belle de Zees. See Bonne d'Fzee.

Bellissime. See Windsor.

Bellissime d'Hiver {Angleteri^e d'Hiver; Belle
Noisette; De Bure ; Teton de Venus). — Fr nit veiy large,
turbinate, flattened on the apex. Skin fine green, changing
to brownish-yellow on the shaded side, and fine lively
red next the sun ; covered all over with russety dots.
Eye large, set in an open depressed basin. Stalk an
inch long, inserted in an irregular cavity. Flesh white,
tender, fine, sweet, mellow, and free from grittiness. A
stewing pear, in season from November to April.

Belmont. — Fruit large, obovate. Skin yellowish-green,
tinged with brown next the sun, and covered with dots.
Stalk very long, slender, and curved. Flesh coarse, but
sweet, and juicy. I have found this one of the best stew-
ing or baking pears in use in November and December.

Benvie. — Fruit small and obovate. Skin yellowish-
green, sometimes tinged and streaked with dingy red next
the sun, almost entirely covered with thin grey russet
and large russet specks. Eye large and open. Stalk
long, fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted. Flesh
yellowish, buttery, juicy, and perfumed.

A Scotch dessert pear of great excellence, ripe in
August and Sentembor. The tree bears immensely, and

p^,\E«!. 157

attains a great size. The fruit is inferior when grown in
the south.

Bequene Mus que. —Fruit large obovate, and irregular
in its outline. Skin pale yellow in the shade, and slightly
tinged with dull red next the sun, thickly covered with
large patches of grey russet. Eye small and open. Stalk
an inch long. Flesh white, gritty, crisp, sweet, and musky.

A stewing pear, in use during November, but it is not
one of the best for culinary purposes.

Bergamot. See Autumn Bergamot.

Bergamotte d'Alen^on. See Bergamolte cV Hollande.

Bergamotte d'Austrasie. See Jaminette.

Bergamotte de Bugi. See Easter Bergamot.

Bergamotte Cadette {De Cadet; Beauchamps; Beicrre
Beaucliamjps). — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin
greenish-yellow in the shade, and dull brownish-red next
the sun, and marked with patches and large dots of pale
brown russet. Eye open, set in a wide and rather deep
basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, inserted in
a small cavity. Flesh white, tender, melting, and very
juicy, with a rich sugary and musky flavour.

An excellent dessert pear, in use from October to
December.

Bergamotte Crasanne. See Crasanne.

Bergamotte Dussart. — Fruit rather above medium
size, turbinate. Skin lemon-yellow when ripe, strewed
with greenish and grey dots over the surface, and a few
traces of russet. Eye frequently wanting. Stalk half
an inch long. Flesh half-melting, very juicy, sweet, and
vinous. December and January.

Bergamotte Esperen. — Fruit medium sized, turbi-
nate, and uneven in its outline. Skin rough from being
entirely covered with dark brown russet. Eye very
small, with incurved acute segments. Stalk an inch long,
woody, and obliquely inserted. Flesh tender, juicy and
melting, sweet and richly flavoured.

This is one of our best late pears, ripening from the
end of January up till March and April. The tree forms
a handsome pyramid, and is an excellent bearer ^ but in
late situations requires a wall.

Bergamotte d'Ete Grossc. See Belle de Bruxelles.

rr:AT?s.

33eri?amotte Ficve. See Fondante d'Automne.

Bergamotte Fortunee. See Fortunee.

Bergaraotte de Fongere. See Bergamotte d' Hollande.

Bergamotte d'Hiver. See Easter Beurre.

Bergamotte d'Hollande (Amoselle; Bergamotte
d'AIengon ; Bergamotte de Fougere ; Beurre d'Ale7igon;
Lord Cheney s ; Holland Berg amot ; Winter Green). —
Fruit large, roundish. Skin greenish-yellow, covered
with brown russet. Stalk an inch and a half long, slender,
curved, set in a shallow, one-sided cavity. Eye small, in
a wide, deep basin. Flesh white, crisp, very juicy and
sprightly. April till June. Eequires a wall.

Bergamotte de Paques. See Easter Bergamotte.

Bergamotte de Paysaus. See Belle de Bruxelles.

Bergamotte de la Pentecote. See Easter Beurre.

Bergamotte de Steykee. — Fruit small, roundish, of
an even and regular shape. Skin smooth, and somewhat
shining, of a greenish-yellow colour, and marked with
russet dots. Fye very large and open, set even with the
surface. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, quite
green, and inserted without depression. Flesh white,
half-molting, and very juicy, sweet, and pleasantly fla-
voured, llipe in the end of October.

Bergamotte Tardive. See Easter Beurre.

Bergamotte Tardive.. See Colmar.

Bergamotte de Toulouse. See Easter Beurre.

Besidery. See Bezi d/Heri.

Beurre d'Albret. See Fondante d'Automne.

Beurre d'Alen^on. See Bergamotte d'Hollande.

Beueee d'Amanlis {d'Amanlis; d' Albert; Delhert ;
Huhard ; Kaissolse ; Thessoise ; Plomgastelle : Wilhel-
'}nine).—Fr\x\i large, obovate. Skin yellowish-green on
the shaded side, but washed with brovrnish-red on the
side next the sun, and considerably covered with dots
and patc;hes of russet. Eye open, set almost even with
the surface. Stalk an inch long, obliquely inserted m a
shallow knobbed cavity. Flesh white, melting, very
buttery and juicy, with a rich sugary and slightly per-
fumed flavour.

One of our best autumn pears, ripe in September. The

tree is liardy, witli a straggling habit of growth, and ig
an abundant bearer.

Beurue d'Amanlis Panache. — This is a variety of the
preceding, and differs from it merely in having variegated
leaves and fruit striped with yellow or orange bands. It
ripens at the same time, and is of the same merit.

Eeurre Amboise. See Broion Beuy^re.
Beurre Anglaise. See Easter Beurre.

Beubee d'Anjou {Ne Plus Meuris of the French).—
Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform. Skin greenish-yellow, with
sometimes a shade of dull red next the sun, marked witli
patches of russet, and thickly strewed with brown and
crimson dots. Eye small and deeply inserted. Stalk
short and stout. Flesh white, rather coarse-grained, but
melting and juicy, with a brisk and perfumed flavour.
Sipe in December and January.

This is quite distinct from the JNTe Plus Meuris of Van
Mons. It is not unlike Beurre d'Aremberg in appearance.

Beurre d'Apremont. See Beurre Bosc.

Beurre d'Aremberg {Beurre Deschamps ; Beurre des
Orjyhelines ; Colmar Deschamps ; Delices des Orplielines ;
Bescliamps ; Due d'Aremherfj ; L' OrjjJielinc ; Orplieline
d' Engliein ; Soldat Lahoreur). — Fruit medium sized, obo-
vate. Skin yellowish-green when ripe, and considerably
covered with patches, veins, and dots of cinnamon-
coloured russet. Eye small, with short segments, which
frequently fall off, and set in a deep hollow. Stalk from
half an inch to an inch long, obliquely inserted on the
surface of the fruit. Flesh white, melting, buttery, and
very juicy, with a rich vinous and perfumed flavour.

A first-rate dessert pear, ripe in December and January.
The tree forms a handsome p3a'amid, and is a good bearer,
but is apt to canker in cold soils.

Beurre d'Argenson. See Basse Colmar.
Beurre Aurore. See Beurre de Capiaumont.
Beurre d'Avranches. See Lotdse Bonne of Jersey.

Beurre Bachelier. — Fruit large and obovate, some-
what irregular in its outline. Skin greenish-yellow,
strewed with russety dots. Eye small and closed, set in
a Siiallow basin. Stalk short. Flesh buttery and melt-
ing, rich, juicy, sugary, and aromatic.

An excellent pear, ripe in December. The tree is

160 PEARS.

liardy, forms a handsome pyramid, and is a good
bearer.

Beurr^ Beauchamps. See Bergamotte Cadette.

Beurre Beaumont. See JSezi Vaef.

Beurre Bennert. — Fruit medium sized, turbinate
and irregular in its outline. Skin pale yellow, -with a
red blusli on the side next tlie sun, and covered with, a
net-work of russet. Eye small. Sialk an inch long.
Plesh juicy, sweet, and aromatic. Hipe in January and
Februar}''.

Beurre Benoit {Augusfe Benott: BcnoU). — Fruit
medium sized, obovate. Skin pale yellow, strewed with
patches and dots of pale brown russet. Eye open, placed
in a round and shallow basin. Stalk three quarters of
an inch loug, inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh white,
fine-grained, melting, and very juicy, sugary, and per-
fumed.

A good pear, ripe in September.

Beurre Berckmans. — Fruit medium sized, turbinate.
Skin of a rich lemon-yellow colour, thickly covered all
over with russety specks and dots, but round the stalk
and over the crown it is complete!}' covered with a coat
of cinnamon-coloured russet. Eye open, set in a round
furrowed basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted without
depression. Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy,
sugar}', aud richly flavoured.

A handsome and very excellent pear, ripe in November
aud December. The tree makes a handsome pyramid,
and is a good bearer.

Beurre Blanc. See White Doyenne.

Beurre Blanc de Jersey. See Bezi de la Moite.

Beurre du Bois. See Flemish Beauty.

Beurre Bosc {Beurre d'A2:)remont; Beurre Bose ,-
Calehasse Bosc ; Marianne Nouvelle). — Fruit large, pyri-
form. Skin almost entirely covered with thin cinnamon-
coloured russet, leaving here and there only a small por-
tion of the yellow ground colour visible. Eye open,
placed in a shallow basin. Stalk about an inch and a
half long, inserted without depression. Flesh v.hite,
melting, and buttery, very juicy, rich, and aromatic.

A dessert pear of first-rate quality, ripe in October and
November. The tree is a good bearer j but unless grown

PEARS. IGl

against a wall, or in a warm situation, tlie fruit is apt to
be cri^ or only half-melting.

Beurre de Bourgogne. See Flemish Beauty.

Beueee Bretonneau {D}\ Ijretonneau).— Yrm.t large,
more or less pyriform. iSkin rougli, with brown russet,
which considerably covers the greenish-yellow ground,
and sometimes with a brownish-red on the side next the
sun. Eye uneven, set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk
an incli long, stout. Flesh yellowish-white, and when it
ripens tender, juicy, and well flavoured.

A late dessert pear, in use from March till May ; but
as it rarely ripens except in very warm summers, the
flesh is generally crisp, or at best only half-melticg.

Beurre Buenicq. — Fruit medium sized, obovate.
Skin rough, from a covering of thick russet, and strewed
with grey specks. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a
small cavity. Flesh greenish-white, buttery, and melting,
with a powerful aroma. Eipe in the end of October.

Beurre Cambron. See Gloiit Mcrceau.

Betjrre de Capiaumont (Av.rore ; Beurre Atirore ;
Capianmont ; Ccdehasse Vasse). — Fruit medium sized,
obtuse-pyriform. Skin pale yellow in the shade, almost
entirely covered with cinnamon-coloured russet, and nu-
merous grey specks, and orange-red next the sun. Eye
large and open, level with the surface. Stalk an inch
long, fleshy at the base, inserted without depression.
Flesh white, delicate, buttery, and melting, juicy, rich,
and sugary.

An excellent autumn pear, ripe in October. The tree
is hardy, an abundant bearer, and succeeds well either as
a standard or a pyramid.

Beurre des Charneuses. See Fondante des Charmnses.

Beurre de Chaumontel. See Chaumontel.

Beurre Clairgeau. — Fruit large, curved-pyriform.
Skin smooth and shining, of a fine lemon-yellow colour,
and with a tinge of orange-red on the side next the sun ;
it is thickly covered all over with large russety dots and
patches of thin delicate russet, particularly round the
stalk. Eye small and open, level with the surface. Stalk
half an inch long, stout, and rather fleshy, with a swollen
lip en one side of it. Flesh white, crisp or half-melting,
coarse-grained, juicy, sweet, and slightly musky.

-<62 TEAES.

A Landsome and sliowy pear, ripe in November. Its
appearance is its greatest recommendation.

Beurre Cornice de Toulon. See Vicar of Winlcjteld.

Beueee Copeetz. — Fruit below medium size, oval,
even, and re;^ularly formed. Skin smooth, of an uniform
greenish-yellow colour, covered with large iiatches and
dots of russet. Eye small and open, set in a very shallow
basin. Stalk very thick and fleshj^, inserted without a
cavity. Flesh greenish-white, coarse-grained, juicy, and
sugary, but with little flavour. November.

Beurre Curtet. See Comte de Laray.

Beurre Davis. See Flemish Beauty.

Beurre Davy. See Flemish Beauty.

Beuree Defais.— Fruit large, pyramidal. Skin of a
pale golden-yellow colour, dotted with large brown russety
dots, and witli an orange tinge next the sun. Ej'^e very
small and open, sometimes wanting, placed in a deep,
narrow cavity. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a cavity.
Flesh melting, juicy, sugary, and well flavoured. Eipe
in December.

Beuere Delfosse {DeJfosse Bourcjmestre ; FhilijJpe
JDelfosse). — Fruit above medium size, obovate. Skin pale
yellow, with a blush of pale red on the side next the sun,
and covered with patches and dots of thin russet. Eye
closed. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, and slender.
Flesh buttery, melting, richly flavoured, and highly
aromatic. December and January.

Beueee Desouineau.— Fruit medium sized, obovate.
Skin green, changing to yellowish as it ripens on the
shaded side, and clouded with brownish-red on the side
next the sun. Eye open. Stalk half an inch long, thick
and woody. Flesh rather gritty, pretty juicy, sweet and
aromatic.

A second-rate pear, ripe in November and December.

Beueee Diel {Beurre Incomparahle ; Beurre Marj-
nifique ; Beurre Boyal ; De Trois Tours; Bill en ; Gros
Billen ; Dorothee Roy ale ; Gratioli cV Hirer ; Grosse
Borothee ; Melon). — Fruit varying from medium size to
very large ; obovato. Skin greenish-yellow, covered with
numerous large russety dots, and some markings of russet.
Eye open, v.ith erect segments set in an uneven basin.
Stalk an inch long, stout, and inserted in an open uneven

TEAES. 103"

cayity. Flesli yellowisli-^liito, tender, very buttery and
meltinr!^, rich, sugary, and aromafic.

A first-rate pear, ripe during Oci.ob?r and KoA-ember.
The tree is hardy, and an abundant bearer. Succeeds
well as a standard.

Beurre Deschamps. See JBeurre cVAremherg.

Beurre Dore. See JBroivn Beiirre.

Beurre Drapiez. See Zh^haniste.

Beukke Duhaume. — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
and very much flattened. Skin rough to the feel, covered
with thin russet, which is thickly strewed -^ith large
russet dots. Eye open, set in an uneven basin. Stalk
short, thick, and fleshj'-, obliquely inserted by the side of
a fleshy lip. Flesh buttery, melting, and very juicy,
with a rich and vinous flavour.

A very excellent pear, in use from December to
February. The tree has a diffuse and bushy habit of
growth.

Beukee Duval. — Fruit medium sized or large, of a
sliort pyramidal shape. Skin greenish-yellow, covered
with large dttrk-brown russet freckles, and with a flush of
red next the sun. £3-6 large and open, full of stamens,
and set in a wide shallow basin. Stalk oblicjuely inserted
on the end of the fruit. Flesli yellowish, melting and
juicy, sugary, and with a fine piquancy.

A very fine and distinct-looking pear, in use during
November and December. The tree is hardy, and a good
bearer as a pyramid.

Beurre d'Elberg. See Flemish Beauty.

Beurre Epine. See Beurre de Ranee.

Beurre de Flandres. See JBeurre de Ranee.

Beurre Foidard. See Flemish Beauty.

Beurre Geerards. See Gilogil.

Beuere Giffaed. — Fruit about medium sized, pyri-
form or turbinate. Skin greenish-5^cllow, mottled with
red on the side next the sun. Eye closed, set in a shallow
basin. Stalk an inch long, slender, and obliquely in-
serted on the apex of the fruit. Flesh white, melting,
and very juicy, with a vinous and highly aromatic flavour.

An early pear of first-rate quality, ripe in the middle
of August.

1G4 PEAES.

Beurre Goubault. — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
and inclining to turbinate. Skin green, even when ripe.
Eye large and open, inserted in a shallow basin. Stalk
long and slender, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh melt-
ing and juicy, sugarj'^, and with a fine perfumed flavour.
Eipe in September.

The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit should be
watched in ripening, as it does not change from green to
yellow.

Beurre Gris. See JBroion JBeurre.

Beurre Gris d'IIiver {JBeurre Gris d'Siver Nouveau ;
Beurre de Lugon). — Fruit large, roundish. Skin entirely
covered with thin brown russet, and tinged with brownish-
red next the sun. Eye small, set in a ver}'- shallow basin.
Stalk short and thick, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh
white, melting and juicy, sugary and slightly perfumed.

A good late pear when grown in a warm situation, but
otherwise coarse-grained and gritty. Eipe from January
till March. It is best from a wall.

Beurre Hamecker. — Fruit large and round, bossed
about the stalk. Skin greenish-yellow, mottled with
brown, covered with patches and dots of fine brown
russet. Eye small and open. Stalk an inch long. Flesh
buttery, melting, and juicy, sugary and perfumed. Ripe
in October and November.

Beurre d'Hardenpont. See Glou Morceau.

Beurre Hardy. — Fruit large and pyramidal, of a
handsome shape and even outline. Skin shining, yel-
lowish-green, thickly covered with large russet dots, and
a coat of brown russet round the stalk and the eye. Eye
large and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long,
stout and fleshy, warted at the base, and inserted without
depression. Flesh white, melting and very juicy, sweet
and perfumed with a rosewater aroma. Hipe in October.

The tree forma a handsome pyramid, and is a good
bearer.

Beurre d'Hiver. See Chaumontel.

Beurre d'Hiver de Bruxelles. See Easter Beurre.

Beurre Incomparable. See Beurre Diel.

Beurre Isambert. See Broion Beurre.

Beurre Kennes. — Fruit about medium sized, abrupt
pear-shaped, truncated at the stalk end. Skin rather

PEAES. 165

rougli to the feel, from a coat of brown russet ; on tlie
side next the sun, and over a great part of the shaded
side, it is of a vermilion red colour. Eye small and open,
set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk three quarters of
an inch long, stout, fleshy at the base, and without a
cavity. Flesh yellow, coarse-grained, half-melting, juicy,
sweet, and aromatic. Ripe in the end of October.

Beurre de Kent. See Glou Morceaic.

Beuree Langelieb. — Fruit medium sized, obtuse-
pyriform. Skin pale greenish-yellow, with a crimson
blush on the side next the sun, and covered with nu-
merous russet dots. Eye open, set in a shallow and wide
basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh tender, buttery and melting, with a rich and
vinous flavour.

An excellent pear, ripe during December and January.
It requires a warm situation.

Beueee Lefevee {BeurrS de Mortefontaine). — Fruit
large and obovate, sometimes oval. Skin greenish-
yellow on the shaded side, and considerably covered
with brown russet ; but on the side next the sun it is
brownish-orange, shining through a russet coating and
marked with a few broken streaks of red. Eye very
large and open, set in a deep uneven basin. Stalk an
inch long, fleshy at the base, and set on the surface of the
fruit. Flesh white, rather gritty at the core, melting
and ver}'' juicy, richly flavoured, and with a peculiar
aroma, which is very agreeable.

A delicious pear, ripe in the middle and end of October.
The tree is hardy, and an excellent bearer.

Beueee Leon le Cleec. — Fruit medium sized, obo-
vate. Skin smooth, of a lemon-yellow colour, having a
tinge of red on one side, and covered with numerous
large russet specks. Eye very small and open, set in a
narrow and deep basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted in
an uneven and rather deep cavity. Flesh white, melting
and juicy, sweet and well flavoured, but without any
'• particular aroma. End of October.

1 Beurre Lombard. See Glou Morceau.

\ Beurre de Lu^on. See Beurre Gris cV Hirer .

' Beurre Lucratif. See Fondanie d/Automne.

Beurre Magnifique. See Beurre Diel.

166 PEAKS.

Beurre de Malmes. See Winter Nelis.

Beurre dc Merode. See Doyenne JBoussock.

Eeueee Moire. — Pruit above medium size, oLtnse-
pyriform. Skiu greenish-yellow, considerably covered
witli pale bright yellow russet and russety dots. Eye
small, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, stout,
inserted in a cavity. Flesh buttery and melting, but not
richly flavoured, and with a high perfume. Eipe in
JN'ovember.

Beurre de Mortefontalne. See Beitrre Lefevre.

Beukre JN'antais (Beurre de Nantes). — Fruit large
and round. Skin covered with a coat of pale brown
russet, like the Brown Beurre, through which a little of
the greenish-yellow ground colour appears. Eye very
small and open, set in a small and narrow basin. Stalk
short, stout, and woody, placed on one side of the axis.
Flesh rather coarse-grained, gritty at the core, not melt-
ing nor very juicy, but with a sweet and peculiar vinous
flavour. ^November and December.

Beurre Napoleon. See Najpoleon,

Beurre de Noir chain. See Beurre de "Ranee.

Beurre de Noir Chair. See Beurre de Bance.

Beurre des Orphelines. See Beurre d'Arerahcrg.

Beurre de Paques. See Easter Beurre,

Beurre de Paris. See Jargonelle.

Beurre de Payence. See Calehasse.

Beurre de la Pentecote. See JEaster Beurre.

Beurre Picquery. See TJrhaniste. '.

Beurre Plat. See Crasanne.

Beurre Quetelet. See Comie de Bamy.

BeuPvRe de Eance {Bon Chretien de Bans; Beurre
JE^ine ; Beurre de Flandres ; Beurre de NoircJiain;
Beurre de Noir Chair ; Beurre de Batis ; Beurre du
Ehin; JIardenpont de Printemps). — Fruit varying from
medium size to large; obtuse-pyriform, blunt, and rounded
at the stalk. Skin dark green, and covered with nume-
rous dark brown russety spots. Eye small and open, set
in a slight depression. Stalk an inch and a half long,
generally obliquely iusertcd in a wide, shallow cavity.

PEAES. iG7

Flesh greenisli--?rliite, buttery, meltiDg, and rei*}' juicy,
with a rich vinous flavour.

A first-rate and delicious late pear, in use from
February till May. The tree is perfectly hardy, and a
good bearer. In northern and exposed situations it
requires a wall.

Beurre du Ebin. See JBeiirre de Ranee,

J3eurre du Hoi. See Broioii JBeiirre.

Beurre Eose. See Beurre Bosc.

Beurre Eoux. See Brown Beurre.

Beurre Eoj^'al. See Beurre JDiel.

Beurre St. Amour. See Flemish Beauty.

Beurre St. Nicholas. See DucJiesse cV Orleans.

Beueee Six. — Fruit large, pyriform, bossed on the
surface. Skin smooth, pale green, dotted with green and
brown dots, and somewhat russeted. Eye closed. Stalk
over an inch long, wood}^. Flesh white, tender, buttery
and melting, rich and sugary, and with a high aroma.

A first-rate pear, ripe in November and December.

Beurre Spenee. See Flemish Beauty.

Beuere Steeczjiaxs {Belle Alliance; Calehasse StercJc-
mans ; Doyenne Fsierkman). — Fruit large, turbinate.
Skin smooth, of a fiuc bright grass-green colour on the
shaded side, and dull red on the side next the sun, marked
with traces of russet. Eye open, set in a wide, shallow
ba'in. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, set in a small
round cavity. Flesh Avhite, with a greenish tinge, ver}'
melting, buttery and juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous, with
a fine aroma.

A first-rate dessert pear, ripe during January and
February. The tree is an abundant bearer, succeeds
admirably on the quince, and forms a handsome pyramid.

Beukke Supeefin. — Fruit above medium size,
roundish-obovate or turbinate. Skin of a beautiful
lemon colour, very much covered with thin cinnamon-
coloured russet. "Eye small and open. Stalk inserted
on the apex of the fruit without depression. Flesh very
fine grained, buttery, melting, and very juicy, with a
brisk piquant flavour, and fine aroma.

A first-rate dessert pear, ripe in the end of September
and beginning of October. The tree is a vigorous grower.

IGS PEAES.

liardy and prolific, and succeeds well as a standard or
pyramid.

Beueee Thfeelinckx {ThuerlincJcs). — This is a large,
coarse pear, of a roundisli-obovate shape, five to six
inches long and four or five broad. The flesh is some-
what tender and juicy, but without any aroma, and very
soon becomes mealy. Not worth growing. !Ripe in
November and December.

Beurre de Tervverenne. See Broion Beurre.

Beurre Van Mons. See Baronne de Mello.

Beueee de Wetteeen. — Fruit large, roundish, in-
clining to turbinate, widest in the middle and tapering
obtusely towards each end, uneven in its outline. Skin
bright green and shining ; dull red on the side next the
sun, and covered with large russet spots. Eye open,
deeply set. Stalk an inch long, stout, and deeply inserted.
Flesh yellowish, coarse-grained, and soon becomes mealy.
A showy and peculiar-looking pear, but of no value.
Bipe in October.

Bezi de Beetagne. — This is very similar in appearance
to Passe Colmar, to which race it evidently belongs. The
flesh is crisp, breaking, and very coarse-grained, very
juicy and sweet, and exactly the flavour of Passe Colmar.
It is a very good late pear, at least as good as pears
generally are in March and April.

Bezi de Caissot [Besi de Quessol ; Nitimeg ; Petit
Beurre d' Ilivcr ; Bousselet d'Avjou; Small Winter
Beurre ; Wilding of Caissoy ; Winter Boplin). — Fruit
produced in clusters, small, roundish-turbinate. Skin
rough, and entirely covered with brown russet. Eye
open, set almost even with the surface. Stalk half an
inch long. Flesh white, tender, buttery, sweet, and
aromatic.

A very nice little winter dessert pear, ripening in
succession from November till March. The tree attains
a large size, and is a most abundant bearer.

Bezi de Chaumoutel. Sec Chaumontel.

Bezi d'Echassery. See JEclmssery.

Bezi d'Espeeen. — Fruit about medium size, pyriform,
and tapering from the bulge to either end. Skin clear,
yellowish-green, mottled and shaded with fawn-coloured
russet, and with a tinge of deep red. Stalk about an inch

PEiRS 169

Ions:, slender. Eye open, set in a moderately deep basin.
■-Flesh white, meltiDg, and buttery, very juicy, sugary,
and perfumed. An excellent pear, ripe in Kovember,
but does not keep long.

Bezi Goubault. — Pruit medium sized, roundish-obo-
vate. Skin lemon-yellow, considerably covered with
cinnamon-coloured russet, and strewed with numerous
russety dots. Eye large and wide open, with broad
segments, and very slightly depressed. Stalk slender
and woody, set in a very narrow cavity, with a fleshy
lip on one side. Elesh tender, half buttery, rather gritty
at the core, and with a powerful rose-water aroma.
March and April.

Bezi d'Heri {Bezi Royal ; JBesidery). — Fruit medium
sized, roundish. Skin thin, smooth, greenish-yellow, with
a tinge of red next the sun. Eye open, and set in a small
round basin. Stalk slender, an inch and a quarter long,
inserted without depression. Elesh white, fine-grained,
crisp, rather dry, and with somewhat of a fennel flavour.
In use from October to December.

This is one of the best stewing pears ; and the flesh is
generally smooth and well-flavoureS when cooked.

Bezi de Landry. See 'Echassery.

Bezi de ia Motte {Bein Armiidi ; Beiirre Blanc de
Jersey). — Fruit medium sized, roundish, inclining to
turbinate. Skin yellowish-green, thickly covered with
brown russet dots. Eye small and open. Stalk an inch
long. Flesh white, fine-grained, buttery, melting, with
a sweet and perfumed flavour. E,ipe in October and
JN'ovember.

Bezi de Quessoy. See Bezi de Caissoy.

Bezi Hoyal. See Bezi d'Heri.

Bezi Yaet {Bezi de St. Waast ; Bezi de St. Wat).^
Fruit above medium size, roundish, very uneven on its
surface, being bossed and knobbed, the general ap-
pearance being that of a shortened Chaumontel. Skin
greenish-yellow, very much covered with brown russet ;
and on the exposed side entirely covered with russet.
Eye open, with erect segments placed in a deep and
uneven basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch long,
stout and somewhat fleshy basin. Flesh yellowish- white,
crisp and breaking, very juicy and sweet, with a pleasant

1 70 TEAKS I

nronia, tlie flavour being very mucb. like tliat of the
Cliaumontei.

A first-rale dessert pear, ripe in December and January.
Though not richly llavoured, it is so juicy and refreshing
as to be lilce eating sugared ice.

I3isnop's Thumb. — Fruit large and oblong. Skin
yellowish-green, covered with large russoty dots, and
with a rusty red colour on one side. Eye small and
open, with long reflexed segments. Stalk one inch long,
fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted. Flesh greenish-
yellow, meltiug and juicy, with a rich sugary and vinous
flavour.

An old-f\ishioiied and very excellent dessert pear, ripe
in October. The tree is hra'dy, an abundant bearer, and
succeeds well as a standard.

Black Achan. See Achan,

Black Bess. See Achan,

Black Beurre. See Verulam.

Black "Woecestes {Parlcuisons Warden; Pound
Pear). — Fruit large and obcvate. Skin green, entirely
covered with rather rough brown russet, and with a dull
red tinge next the sun. Eye small and open. Stalk an
inch long. Flesh hard, crisp, coarse-grained, and gritty.

A stewing pear, in use from November till February.

Bloodgood.— Fruit medium sized, turbinate, inclining
to obovate. Skin yellow, strewed with russcty dots and
russet network. Eye open, with stout segments. Stalk
obliquely inserted. Flesh yellowish-white, buttery and
melting, sweet, sugary, and aromatic.

An American pear of good quality, ripe early in August.
TJie tree bears well, and, being so early, is well worth
growing.

Bo de la Cour. See Cunseiller de la Cour.

Bolivar. See Uvedale's St. Germain.

Bonaparte. See jS'cqyoh'on.

Bon Chretien d' Amiens. See Catillac.

Bon Chretien d'Espagne. See S^ninis/i Bon Chretien.

BoN Chretien Fondante. — Fruit large, oblong, and
regularly formed. Skin green, covered with a consider-
able quantity of russet, and marked with numerous
russety dots on tlie shaded side, but covered with dark

P.EAllS. 171

brownisli-red uext the sun. Eye sniuil and closed. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long. Flesh yellowish-white,
very melting and very juicy ; the juice rather thin, and
not highly flavoured, but very cool, pleasant, and re-
freshing.

A very nice pear, ripe during October and November.
The tree bears well as a standard.

Bon Chretien d'Hiver. See Winter Bon CJireiicu.

Bon Chretien Napoleon. See Napoleon.

Bon Chretien ISTouvelle. See Flemish Bon Chretien.

Bon Chretien de Bans. See Beurre de Ranee,

Bon Chretien de Tours. See Winter Bon Chretien.

Bon Chretien Turc. See Flemish Bon Chretien.

Bon Chretien de Yernoise. See Flemish Bon Chretien.

Bon Papa. See Vicar of Winlcfield.

Bonne d'Avranches. See Louise Bonne of Jersey.

Bonne Ente. See White Doyenne.

Bonne d'Ezee {Belle de Zees ; Bonne de Zees). — Fruit
large, pyramidal. Skin straw, with a tinge of green, and
thickly marked with traces of brown russet. Eye open,
■with long linear segments. Stalk slender, an inch long,
and obliquely inserted. Flesh white, coarse-grained, and
inclining to gritty, half-melting and juicy, with an agree-
able perfume.

This is only a second-rate pear, the texture of the flesh
being coarse. Eipe in October.

Bonne de Kienzheim. See Vallee Franche.

Bonne de Longueval. See Louise Bonne of Jersey.

Bonne Louise d'Avranches. See Louise Bonne of Jersey.

Bonne Malinaise. See Winter Nelis.

Bonne de Malines. See Winter Nelis,

Bonne de Noel. See Fondante de Noel.

Bonne Eouge. See GanseVs Bergamot.

Bonnissime de la Sarthe. See Figue de Naples.

De Bordeaux. See Bezi d'Heri.

Bosc Sire. See Flemish Beauty.

Boss Pere. See Flemish Beauty.

172 PE^KS.

Bouche Nouvelle. See Flemish Beauty.
Braddick's Field Standard. See Marie Louise,
Brilliant. See Flemish Ueaiity.
Brocas' Bergamot. See GanseVs JBergamot.

Bkoompark. — Fruit medium sized, roundisli-obovate.
Skin yellow, sprinkled with cinnamon-coloured russet.
Eye small, dry and horny, set in a slight depression.
Stalk an inch long. Flesh yellowish, melting, juicy and
sugary, with a rich musky flavour.

An excellent dessert pear, ripe in January. The tree
is very hardy and vigorous, an excellent bearer, and
succeeds well either as a dwarf or standard.

Beough Bergamot. — Fruit small, roundish-turbinate,
tapering into the stalk. Skin rough, being entirely
covered with brown russet, except in patches where the
green ground colour is visible ; on the side next the sun
it is tinged with dull red. Eye open, with short-stunted
segments. Stalk half an inch long, not depressed. Flesh
yellowish-white, rather coarse-grained, but very juicy
and sugary, with a rich and highly perfumed flavour.

An excellent pear for the north of England, ripening
during December.-

Brougham — Fruit medium sized, roundish-obovate,
inclining to oval or ovate. Skin rather rough to the feel,
yellowish-green, and covered with large brown russet
specks. Eye clove-like, full of stamens, set in a shallow
and plated basin. Stalk an inch and a quarter long, and
slender. Flesh yellowish-white, tender, and juicy, but
somewhat mealy, and having the flavour of the Swan's

Eo^o^.

ft)-)'

A second-rate x^ear, ripe in November. The tree is a
great bearer.

Brown Admiral. See Summer Archclul^e.

Brown Beuree {Beurre Gris ; JBeur-re Doree ; JBeurre
d'Amboise; Beurre jRoux ; JBeurre du Hoi; Beurre de
Terwerenne ; Badham's ; Isamhcrt le Bon). — Fruit large,
obovate. Skin yellowish-green, almost entirely covered
with thin brown russet, and faintly tinged with reddish-
brown on the side next the sun. Eye small and open,
set in an even, shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, set
in a small, round cavit}', with generally a fleshy lip on
one side. Flesh greenish-white under the skin, but yel-

PEAES. 173

lowisK at the centre, tender, buttery, with a rich piquant
flaTOur and musky aroma.

A well-known pear of first-rate excellence, ripe in
October. The tree requires to be grown against a wall
to have the fruit in perfection ; but it succeeds very well
as a dwarf in a warm situation.

Buchanan's Spring Beurre. See Verulam.

Eujaleuf. See Yirgouleuse.

Bujiarda. See Summer Thorn.

De Bare. See JBellissime cVHiver,

BuRGEKMEESTEK. — Fruit large, oblong or pyramidal,
curved, and very uneven on the surface ; round at the
dipex and knobbed about the stalk. Skin yellowish-
green, entirely covered with rough russet. Eye very
small, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, ob-
liquely inserted. Flesh yellowish, melting, juicy and
sweet, with a fine musky flavour.

A good second-rate pear, ripe in JN'ovember.

De Cadet. See "Bergamotte Cadet.

Caillot Bosat {English Caillot Rosat ; King Pear).
— Fruit above medium size, pyriform. Skin smooth,
greenish-yellow in the shade, and quite covered with a
brownish-red cheek and streaks of brighter red on the
side next the sun. Eye open, set in a shallow cavity.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long. Flesh tender, very
juicy and melting, sweet, and nicely perfumed.

A nice early pear, ripe in August ; and the tree is aa.
excellent bearer. This is not the Caillot Bosat of the
French, which is the same as our Summer Rose.

Calebasse {Beurre de Payence ; Caleb asse d' ILollande;
Pitt's Calebasse). — Fruit medium sized, oblong, undu-
lating in its outline. Skin yellow, covered with thin
grey russet in the shade, and cinnamon-coloured russet
next the sun. Eye open. Stalk an inch and a half long,
obliquely inserted, with a fleshy lip on one side. Flesh
crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary. Bipe in October.

Calebasse Bosc. See Peurre Bosc.

Calebasse Carafon. See Calebasse Grosse.

Calebasse Delvigne. — Fruit above medium size,
pyriform. Skin yellow, strewed with cinnamon-coloured
russet. Eye open, with stout segments, set in a shallow

in PEASS.

oasin. Stalk short and stout. Flesh, white, rather coarse-
grained, juicy, melting, with a rich and perfumed flavour,
iiipe in October.

Calebasse d'Ete. — Fruit medium sized, pyramidal.
Skin yellow, covered with brown russet. Flesh white,
half-melting, very juicj'- and sweet. A good early pear,
ripe in September.

Calebasse Geosse [Calebasse Carafon ; Calehasse
j\Ivnsire ; Calehasse Monsimieuse du Norcl ; Calehasse
Moyale ; Triomphe de Ilasselt ; Van Marura). — Fruit
very large, sometimes measuring six inches long, i)yra-
miclal. Skin greenish-yellow, considerably covered with
dark grey russet in the shade, and entirely covered with
light brown russet on the side next the sun. Eye small,
set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk an inch long. Flesh
coarse-grained, crisp, juicy, and sweet, llipe in October,
Its size is its only recommendation.

Calebasse d'Hollande. See Calehasse.

Calebasse Monstre. See Calehasse Grosse.

Calebasse Monstrueuse de ISTord. See Calehasse Grosse.

Calebasse Eoyale. See Calehasse Grosse.

Calebasse Sterckmans. See Beurre StercJcmans.

Calebasse TorGAED. — Fruit medium sized, some-
times large, pyramidal and curved, uneven in its outline.
Skin greenish-yellow, entirely covered with brown
russet. Stalk short and thick. Flesh yellowish-
white, crisp, juicy, and sweet. Kipe in October and
November.

Calebasse Yasse. See Beurre de Ca^iiaumont.

De Cambron. See Glow Morceati.

Canet. See Due de Nemours.

Canning. See Easter JBeurrc'. ^■-

Canning d'Hiver. See Easter Beun^e.

Capiaumont. '&ee Beurre de Cajoiaumont.

Captif do St. Helene. See iSapolcon.

Cassante de Maes.— Fruit produced in clusters, below
medium size,roundish-obovate. Skin deep yellow, speckled
and traced with light brown russet. Eye large, and wide
open. Stalk about an inch long, inserted without de-

PEAPo. 175

rression. riesli yellowisli-wliite, crisp and breaking,
juicy, sweet-, and riclily flavoured.

An excellent ]3ear for so late in tlie season. Eipe i:i
April and May.

Catillac (i?(5;2 CJiretieji (V Amieyis ; CJi art reuse ; Grand
Monarque ; Gros Gilot ; Jlfonsirueuse de Landes ; Teton
de Venus ; JJell JPear ; Pound Pear). — Fruit very large,
flatly turbinate. Skin at first of a pale green colour,
changing to lemon-yellow, with a tinge of brownish-red
next the sun, and covered with numerous large russet
specks. Eye open. Stalk an inch and a half long. Flesh
white, crisp, gritty, and with a musk}' flavour.

One of the best stewing pears, in use from December
to April.

Catinka. — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin of a
fine deep lemon-yellow colour, thickly covered with large
cinnamon-coloured freckles and tracings of russet. Eye
rather small, and open. Stalk three quarters of an inch
long. Flesh yellowish, melting, but slightly gritty, juicy,
very sugary, with a rich full flavour, and a fine aroma of
the rose.

A very first-rate pear, with rich saccharine juice, ripe
in December.

Cellite. See Passe Cohnar.

Chambers' Large. See Uvedale's St. Germain.

Chambrette. See Virgoidetise.

Chapman's. See Passe Cvlmar.

Chapman's Passe Colmar. See Passe Cohnar.

Chaeles d'Auteiche. — Fruit large, roundish, hand-
some, and regularly formed. Skin gi-eenish-yellow,
thickly covered with russety specks and thin patches of
grey russet ; and with a few streaks of faint red on the
side next the sun. Eye open, set in a smooth shallow
basin. Stalk an inch long, scarcely at all depressed.
Flesh tender, half-buttery and melting, juicy, sugary, and
richly flavoured.

A dessert pear, ripe in October. This name is by the
French sometimes applied to 'Naiioleon, but erroneously.

Chaeles Ya^t Hooghtex. — Fruit large, roundish-oval,
even in its outline. Skin of a uniform straw colour,
considerably covered with large russety dots, and traces
of pale brown russet. Eye wide open. Stalk an inch

176 PEAKS.

lon^;, slender. Flesli wliite, coarse-grained, gritty, lialf-
meitiug, and not very juicy ; sweet, sugary, and ratlier
richly flavoured, and with a musky perfume. Ripe in the
end of October and November.

Chaklotte de Beouwee. — Fruit large, roundish, in-
clining to ovate, similar in shape to a large Ne plus Meuris.
Skin entirely covered with a coat of light brown russet,
with a little of the yellow ground shining through on the
shaded side. Eye very small, with short, erect segments.
Stalk ver}'^ short, jDlaced in a knobbed cavity. Flesh
white, half-melting, and rather crisp, very juicy, but very
astringent. Hipe in October and November.

CnARNOCK {Drummo7id ; JEai^ly CJiarnocTc ; Scot's
Cornuck). — Fruit small, pyriform. Skin greenish-yellow
in the shade, and entirely covered with dark dull red
next the sun. Eye small and open. Staiii fleshy, obliquely
inserted. Flesh yellowish, half-buttery, juicy, sweet,
and with a high aroma.

A Scotch dessert pear, ripe in September, but soon
becomes mealy.

Chartreuse. See Catillac.

Chaulis. See Messire Jean.

Chaumontel {Bezl de Chaumonfel ; Beurre de CJiau-
moniel ; Beurre d' Iliver ; Guernsey Chaumontel ; Grey
AcJian; Oxford Chaumontel ; Winter Beurre). — Fruit
large, oblong, or obtuse-pyriform, irregular and undu-
lating in its outline. Skin rather rough, yellowish-green,
covered with numerous russety spots and patches, and
with brownish-red next the sun. Eye open, set in a deep,
irregular basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a deep
knobbed cavity. Flesh yellowish- white, buttery and melt-
ing, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed.

A dessert pear of high merit, in use from November till
March.

De Chypre. See Early Rousselet.

Citron des Carmes {Gros St. Jean ; Madeleine ; Early
Rose Angle). — Fruit below medium size, obovate. Skin
smooth and thin, yellowish-green when ripe, and with a
faint tinge of brownish-red on the side next the sun.
Eye small, and set in a shallow depression. Stalk an
inch and a half to two inches long, inserted without de-
pression. Flesh yellowish-white, tender, melting, very
juicy and sweet.

PEAKS. 177

A delicious summer pear, ripe in tlie end of July and
beginning of August. It is very apt to crack.

Citron de Septembre. See White Doyenne.

CoLMA'R {D'Avch ; BergamotteTavdive; Colmar DorS-^ -^
De Maune). — Fruit above medium size, obtuse-pyriform.
Skin smooth, pale green, changing to yello'oish-greeu,
strewed with grey russet specks. Eye large and open.
Stalk an inch to an inch and a half long, stout and curved.
Flesh greenish-white, buttery, melting, tender, and with
a rich sugary flavour.

An old and justly-esteemed dessert pear, ripening in
succession from November till March. The tree is" not
an abundant bearer, and requires to be grown against
a wall.

CoLiiAE d'Aeembeeg {Fondante de Joffard ; Karto-
fell). — Eruit large, obovate, uneven, and bossed in its
outline. Skin lemon coloured, marked with spots and
patches of russet. Eye rather small and partially closed,
set in a very deep round cavity. Stalk short, and rather
slender, deeply inserted. Elesh yellowish-white, coarse-
grained, half-melting, juie-y, and briskly flavoured.

A fine-looking but very coarse pear, ripe in October.

Colmar Charnay. See Arhi^e Conrhe.
Colmar Deschamps. See Deurre d'Aremherj.
Colmar Dore. See Fasse Colmar.
Colmar Dorc. See Colmar.
Colmar Epineux. See Fasse Colmar.
Colmar Hardenpont. See Passe Colmar,
Colmar d'Hiver. See Glou Morceau.
Colmar Jaminette. See Jaminette.
Colmar du Lot. See Belle Fpine du Mas.

ColmaeNeill. — Eruit very large, obovate. Skin smooth
and glossy, of a uniform yellow colour, dotted and lined
with cinnamon-coloured russet. Eye open, set in a wide
and rather deep basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a
small, close cavity. Elesh white, very tender, buttery
and juicy, with a high musky flavour. Ivipe in October,
but soon becomes mealy.

Colmar Nelis. See Winter Nelis.

Colmar Preul. See Basse Colmar,

178 FEASS.

Colmar Souverain. See Fa^se Colmar.

CoLMAE Van Moks. — Fruit medium sized, pyramidal,
irregular and uneven in its outline. Skin yellowish-
green, muck covered with a thick coat of smooth brown
russet. Eye small and open, set in a small round basin.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long, obliquely inserted
in a narrow cavity. Flesh j-ellowish, buttery and melt-
ing, very juicy and sweet, but not highly flavoured.
Bipe from November to January.

CoMTE d'Allos. — Large and pyriform, very much the
shape of Marie Louise. Skin pale yellow, with a greenish
tinge, covered all over with large russety freckles, and
with a coating of russet round the eye. Eye very small
and open. Stalk three quarters of an inch long. Flesh
yellowish, coarse-grained, and rather gritty, melting,
juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured, but soon rots at the
core. Bipe in December.

CoMTE DE Flandee. — Fruit very large, pyriform.
Skin almost entirely covered with large freckles of cinna-
mon-coloured russet. Eye open, and rather large, with
very short deciduous segments. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, slender. Flesh j^ellowish, melting,
juicy, and sugary, with a rich and agreeably perfumed
juice.

A first-rate pear, well worth growing, ripe iu Kovember
and December.

CoMTE DE Lamy (Betcvve Qiietelet ; JBeurre Curtet ;

Dingier; JHfarie Louise Nova). — Fruit medium sized,
roundish-obovate. Skin yjcllowish-green, with brownish-
red next the sun, and strewed with russety dots. Eye
small, set in a slight dex^ression. Stalk an inch long, set
in a small cavity. Flesh white, tender, buttery, melting,
sugary, and richly flavoured.

A delicious pear, ripe in October. Tree hardy, a
good bearer, and succeeds well either as a standard or
pyramid.

Comte de Limoges. See Belle E^pine du Mas.

Comtesse de Frenol. See Figue de Naples.

Comtesse de Treweren. See Uvedales St. Germain.

^ CoKSEiLLER DE LA Cous {.lio dc la Cour ; Beazi de la
Coxir:, MarecJial de hi Com-}. — Fruit below medium size,
•j-yriibrm. Skin siaocth, yeliowieh-grccn, covered with

PEAES. 179

dart green dok, and ^vitli a patck of russet round llic
stalk. Eye large and open, set in a deep, wide hollow.
Stalk above an inch long, slender, obliquely inserted,
without depression, by the side of a fleshy lip. Flesh
white, half-melting, juicy, and briskly flavoured, but not
particularly rich. Kipe in January.
Coule Soif. See Summer Franc Real.

Ceasanne {Bcrgamotte Crasanne ; Beiirre Flat ; Cra-
sanne d'Automne). — Fruit large, roundish, and fattened.
Skin greenish-yellow, marked all over with veins and dots
of grey russet. Eye small and open, set in a deep, round,
and narrow basin. Stalk two to two inches and a half
long, slender and curved, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh white, buttery, melting, rich and sugary, with a
fine perfume.

A fine old pear, ripe during November and December.
The tree is not a good bearer, and requires to be grown
against a wall.

Crasanne d'Austrasie. See Jaminette.

Crasanne d'Automne. See Crasanne.

Crasanne d'Ete. See Summer Crasanne.

Craweoed {JBancrief; Lammas [of the Scotch]). — Fruit
below medium size, obovate. Skin greenish-yellow,
changing to pale yellow, with sometimes a tinge of
brownish-red next the sun. Eye open. Stalk an inch
long. Flesh white, buttery, juicy, sweet, and with a
aiiusky flavour. Kipe in the middle of August.

Ceoft Castle. — Fruit medium sized, oval. Skin
greenish -yellow, covered with large brown dots. Eye
large and open, with long recurved segments. Stalk an
inch and a half long, slender and curved. Flesh very
juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Eipe in October.

The tree is a most abundant and regular bearer, suc-
ceeds well as a standard, and is well adapted for orchard
culture.

Cuiellette. See Jargonelle.

Cure. See Vicar of WinJcJield.

Cypress. See Early Rousselet.

Davy. See Flemish Beauty.

Dean's. See White Doyenne.

Deasboen's Seedling. — Fruit small, turbinate. Skin

180 PEAES.

smooth, of a pale yellow colour, strewed with small
russety dots. Eye large and open, set in a shaiidvv de-
pression. Stalk long and slender, inserted in a small
cavity. Flesh white, very juicy and melting, sweet and
pleasantly flavoured. An early pear, ripe in August.

Delbert. See JBeurre d'Amanlis.

Delfosse Bourgmestre. See Beurre Delfosse.

Delices d'Hardenpont.— Fruit above medium size,
obtuse-pyriform, irregular and uneven in its outline.
Skin smooth, bright lemon-yellow when ripe, thickly
covered with pale brown russet. Eye small and open,
set in an uneven and considerable depression. Stalk an
inch long, thick and fleshy. Elesh white, tender, buttery,
and melting, ricli, sugary, and perfumed. A good pear,
ripe in November.

Delices d'Hardenpont d'Angers. — Fruit medium
sized, roundish-obovate. Skin pale yellow, with a tinge
of clear red next the sun, strewed with russety dots and
patches of russet. Eye small and open. Stalk short and
thick, obliquely inserted in a small cavity, and fleshy at
the base. Flesh white, rather coarse-grained, juicy,
ugary, and agreeably perfumed. Ivipe in November.

Delices de Jodoigne. — Fruit medium sized, pyri-
form. Skin thin, pale yellow, marked with flakes and
dots of pale brown russet. Eye open. Stalk short, very
thick and fleshy. Flesh half-melting, sweet, _ sugary,
and aromatic. Kipe in the beginning and middle of
October.

Deschamps. See Beurre d'Aremherg.

Desirce Van Mons. See Fondante de CJiarneux,

Deux Sceurs. — Fruit large, oblong, and ribbed. Skin
green, changing to yellowish-green, and strewed with
dark dots. Stalk an inch long, curved. Flesh greenish-
yellow, buttery, melting, very juicy and sugary. Bipe
in November.

Diamant. See GanseVs Bergamot.

Dingier. See Comte de Lamy.

Dix. — Fruit very large, Calebasse shaped. Skin deep
yellow, covered all over with rough russet dots and mark-
ings of russet. Eye small, set in a wide, shallow de-
pression. Stalk upwards of an inch in length, stout, a^kd

PEAES. 181

inserted without depression. Flesli rather coarse-j^rained,
juicy, sweet, and slightly perfumed. A second-rafcc pear,
ripe in iS^cvember.

Dr. Bretonneau. See JBeurre Bi etonneau.

De. Teoltsseau,- -Fruit large and pyriform, wide to-
wards the apex. Skin rough, greenish-yellow, covered
with numerous grey specks and russet flakes. Eye o^en,
sometimes wanting. Stalk three quarters of an inch
long, woody, and inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh
white, buttery, melting, and very juicy, sugary, and with
a powerful aroma. A very excellent pear, ripe in De-
cember.

Dr. Udale's "Warden. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Dorothee Hoyale. See JBeurre Diet.

Double Philippe. See Doyenne Boiissoch.

Downham Seedling. See Hacons Incomparable.

Doyen Dillen. — Fruit above medium size, pyramidal
or pyriform. Skin yellow, very much covered with dots
and patches of russet. Eye small, half open, and set in
a slight depression. Stalk short, thick, and fleshy, in-
serted without depression. Flesh buttery and melting,
very juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured. An excellent
pear, ripe in November.

Doyenne d'Automne. See Bed Doyenne.

Doyenne Blanc. See White Doyenne.

Doyenne Boussoch (Beurre de Merode ; Doubts
"Pldlippe ; Nouvelle Boussoch). — Fruit very large,
roundish-obovate, or Doyenne shaped. Skin lemon
coloured, covered with large, rough, russety dots. Eye
open, placed in a shallow basin. Stalk short and stout,
inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh j^ellowish-white,
tender, very melting and juicy, with a fine brisk vinous
juice, and a delicate, agreeable perfume.

A delicious and very handsome pear, ripe in October.

Doyennee Crotte. See Bed Doyenne.

Doyenne Defais. — Fruit small, roundish-obovate, or
Doyenne-shaped, bossed at the stalk end. Skin yellow,
very much covered with cinnamon-coloured russet. Eye
rather large and wide open, set in a shallow depres-
sion. StaGv about an inch long, set in a deep, wide,
and furrowed cavity. Flesh tender, buttery, melting,

182 PEABS.

atd very juicy, ricli, sugary, and rinotis, "with a fine
muskv aroma.

A most delicious pear ; one of the best. E-ipe in De-
cember. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer.

Doyenne Esterckman. See Beurre Sterclcmans.

Doyenne d'Ete. See Summer Doyenne.

Doyenne Galloux. See Red Doyenne.

Doyenne Gris. See Red Doyenne.

DoYEXNE GouBArLT. — Fruit aboTC medium size, obo-
v^ate, inclining to pyriform. Skin pale yellow, with
markings of russet about the stalk and the eye, and
covered with russety dots. Eye small, set in a rather
deep hollow. Stalk short and thick. Flesh melting,
juicy, rich, sugary, and aromatic. An excellent pear,
ripe in January.

Doyenne d'Hiver. See Easter Beurre.

Doyenne d'Hiver Kouveau. See JEaster Beurre,

Doyenne Jaune. See Red Doyenne.

Doyenne de Juillet. See Summer Doyenne.

Doyenne de Paques. See Easter Beurre.

Doyenne Pictee. Sje White Doyenne.

Doyenne de Printemps. See Easter Beurre.

Doyenne Rouge. See Red Doyenne.

Doyenne Koux. See Red Doyenne.

Drummond. See CJiarnocTc.

Dry Martin. See jlartin sec.

Due d'Aremberg. See Beurre d'Aremhcrg.

Due de Bordeaux. See Belle Ejpine du Mas.

Due de Brabant. See Fondante de Charneux.

Due DE I's'EirorES (Canet). — Fruit growing in clusters,
oblong-obovate. Skin yellow, strewed with reddish and
grey dots. Eye open. Stalk an inch long, thick, inserted
« ithout depression on a flesliy knob. Flesh rather coarse-
grained, juicy and sweet. A second-rate pear, ripe in
December.

Duchesse. See DucJiesse d' Angouleme.

DucHESsE d*Angouleme {Duchesse; E_paronnais ; de

PEABS. 183

JPezenas). — Fruit large, sometimes very large, rouiidlsli-
obovate, very uneven and bossed on its outline. Skin
pale dull yellow, covered with veins and freckles of pale
brown russet. Eye open, set in a deep, irregular basin.
Stalk an inch and a half long, stout, inserted in a deep
irregular cavity. Elesh white, buttery, and melting, with
a rich flavour when well ripened ; but generally it is
coarse-grained and half-melting, juicy, and sweet.

A dessert pear, sometimes of great excellence, ripe
during October and ^N'ovember.

Duchesse de Berri d'Ete. See Summer Doyenne.
Duchesse de Berri d'Hiver. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Duchesse de Beabant. — Fruit medium sized, short
pyriform, even in its outline. Skin very thin, smooth
and shining, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed with russety
dots, and with a patch of russet round the eye. Eye large
and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long,
inserted without depression. Elesh yellowish-white,
b ittery and melting, very juicy and sweet, with a plea-
sant aroma.

An agreeable and refreshing pear, ripe in November.

DrCHESSE DE Maes. — Fruit medium sized, obovate.
Skin yellow, with a tinge of reddish-brown next the sun,
and considerably covered with brown russet. Eye small
and closed, set in a shallow depression. Stalk an inch
long, inserted without depression. Flesh buttery, melt-
ing, juicy, and well flavoured. Eipe in liovember.

Dttchesse d'Oeleans {JBeurre St. Nicholas ; St.
Nicholas). — Fruit large and pyriform. Skin yellow on
the shaded side, but with a tinge of red on the side next
the sun, mottled with greenish-brown russet. Eye open,
set in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk three quarters of an
inch long. Flesh yellowish-white, melting, buttery and
juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavour, and fine
aroma. A most delicious pear, ripe in October.

DuNMOEE. — Fruit large, oblong-obovate. Skin greenish,
marked with numerous dots and patches of brown russet,
and with a brownish-red tinge next the sun. Eye small
an<i open, set in a rather deep and narrow basin. Stalk
an inch and a half long. Flesh yellowish-white, buttery,
and melting, with a rich sugary flavour. Eipe in Sep*
tember and October.

Early Beurre. See Ambrosia,

184 PEARS.

Early Catherine (of America). See JEarlij JRousselet.

Early Charnock. See CharnocJc.

Early Eose Angle. See Citron dcs Carmes.

Eaely EorssELET {De Chypre ; Cypress; Early Ca-
tlierine ; JPerdreatix ; Perdreaux Miisquee ; JRovsselet
Hdtif). — Fruit small, pyriform. Skin smooth, yellow in
the shade, and bright red next the sun, covered with
grey dots. Eye small, placed in a shallow basin. Stalk
an inch long, inserted without depression. Flesh yc\-
lowish, crisp, tender and juicy, sweet and perfumed.

An early pear, ripe in the end of July and beginnicg of
August.

Early Sugar. See Amire Jbannet.

Easter Beegamot {Bergamotte de Bugi ; JBergamotte
de JPdques ; JBergamotte de Toulouse; Paddington ;
Hoherts Keeping; Royal Tairlon ; Tarling). — Fruit
medium sized, roundish-turbinate. Skin pale green at
first, but changing to pale yellow, and covered with
numerous brownish-grey dots. Eye small, set in a
shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, set in a small cavity.
Flesh white, slightly gritty, crisp and juicy, sweet and
aromatic. In use from March to April.

Easter Beurre {Beurre de la Pentecote ; Peurre An-
glaise ; Beurre de Pdques; Beurre d' Hiver de Bruxelles ;
Bergamotte d' Hiver ; Bergamotte de la Pentecote ; Ber-
gamotte Tardive ; Cabining; Canning d' ILiver ; Doyenne
d' Iliver ; Doyenne d' Siver Nouveau; Doyenne de Pdques;
Doyenne de Printemps ; Du Pdtre ; Philippe de Pdques ;
Seigneur d'Hiver ; Sylvange d'Hiver). — Fruit large,
obovate, inclining to ovate. Skin pale green at first,
but inclining to yellowish-green, and sometimes with a
brownish tinge next the sun, marked with a few patches
of russet, and strewed with numerous large russet dots.
Eye small, with long, narrow, incurved segments set in a
pretty deep cavity. Stalk an inch long, stout, inserted
in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh white, buttery, and
melting, very juicy, sugary, and richly flavoured.

One of the best late pears, in use from January till
March.

EcHASSEEY {Bezi d' JEchassery ; Bezi de Landry;
Muscat de Villandry ; Viandry ; Verte Longue d' Hiver).
Fruit produced in clusters : medium sized, roundish-
oval. Skin clear yellow, covered with numerous dots

PEAKS. 18j5

and patches of greyisli-brown russet. Eye small and
open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch and a half
long, inserted in a small knobbed cavity. Flesh white,
buttery and melting, sugary, and with a musky flavour.
In use from November till Christmas.

Elisa d'Heyst. — Fruit above medium size, or large
irregular-oval, widest in the middle and tapering towards
the eye and the stalk. Skin smooth and shining, yel-
lowish-green, clouded with russet about the stalk, and
covered with russet dots. Eye closed, set in a deep,
irregular basin. Stalk half an inch long, stout, and in-
serted without depression. Flesh melting, juicy, sugary,
and richly flavoured. Eipe in February and March.

Ellanrioch. See Hampden s Bergamot.

Elton. — Fruit medium sized, oval. Skin greenish,
almost entirely covered with thin grey russet, and marked
with patclies of coarser russet, with a tinge of orange on
the part exposed to the sun. Eye small, very slightly
depressed. Stalk stout, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh
firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and excellent. It is frequently
without a core and pips, the flesh being solid throughout.
Bipe in September, but does not keep long.

Emerald. — Fruit medium sized, obovate, rather un-
even in its outline. Skin pale green, with pale brownish-
red next the sun, and covered with russety dots. Eye
open, set in a small irregular basin. Stalk an inch and a
half long, obliquely inserted in a small cavity. Flesh
buttery, melting, and richly flavoured. Eipe in Novem-
ber and December.

Emile d'Heyst. — Fruit above medium size, pyramidal.
Skin bright yellow when ripe, marked with patches and
veins of ciunamon-coloured russet. Eye small, set in a
narrow and rather deep basin. Stalk about an inch long,
set in a narrow uneven cavity. Flesh tender, buttery,
and melting, very juicy, sugary, and perfumed. No-
vember.

English Bergamot. See Autumn JBergamoU

English Caillot Eosat. See Caillot Rosat.

Epargne. See Jargonelle.

Eparonanais. See Duchesse d'Angouleme.

Epine Dumas. See Belle Epine du Mas*

Epine d'Ete. See Summer Them.

186 PEAKS.

Epine d'Ete Couleur de Eosc. See Summer Thorn,

Epine d'Ete Vert. See Summer Thorn.

Epine d'Hiver. See Winter Thorn.

Epine de Eocliecliouart. See Belle JEpine du> Mas,

Epine E-ose. See Summer Hose.

Epine Eose d'Hiver. See Winter Thorn..

Etonrneau. See Winter Nelis.

Excellentissime. See Fondante d'Automne.

Etewood. — Fruit below medium size, Ber^amot-
shaped. Skin greenish-yellow, very mucli covered with
pale brown russet, and large russet dots. Eye small and
open, slightly depressed. Stalk above an inch long,
slender, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellowish,
exceedingly tender and melting, very juicy, with a
sprightly vinous flavour, and a fine aroma..

A very excellent pear, ripe in October. The tree is
very hardy, and a good bearer.

Fanfareau. See Hampden s Bergamot.

FiGUE d'Alen^on {JBojinissime de la Sartlie ; Figue
d'Hiver. — Fruit medium sized, pyriform. Skin greenish-
yellow, strewed with russety dots. Eye small, set in a
shallow basin. Stalk half an inch long, inserted obliquely,
without depression. Flesh greenish, melting, juicy, sweet,
and vinous. Eipe in November and December.

Figue d'Hiver. See Figue d'Alengon.

Figue Musquee. See Windsor.

FiGtJE DE ]^5"aples {Comtesse de Frenol ; Vigne de
Pelone). — Fruit above medium size, oblong. Skin
greenish-yellow, entirely covered with thin, delicate
russet, and dark reddish-brown on the side next the sun.
Eye open, set in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, inserted without depression.
Flesh greenish-white, buttery and melting, with a rich
sugary flavour.

An excellent pear, ripe in November.

Fingal's. See Hamjiyden s Bergamot.

Fin Or d'Ete. See Summer Franc Heal,

Fin Or d'Hiver. See Winter Franc Real,

Flemish 'QE^.X!TY {Belle de Flandre ; Beurri des Bois s

PEABS. 187

JDenrre de Botirgogne ; JBeurre Davy ; Beurre Davis;
Beurre cV Elberg ; Beurre Foidard ; Beurre St. Amour;
JBeurre Spcnce ; Boss Pere ; Bosc Sire ; Douche Nouvelle ;
Brilliant; Fondante des Bois ; Gagnee a Seuze ; Impe-
rairice des Bois.) — Fruit large and obovate. Skin pale
yellow, almost entirely covered with yellowish-brown,
russet on the shaded side, and reddish-brown on the side
next the sun. Eye open, set in a small, shallow basin.
Stalk an inch long, inserted in a rather deep cavity.
Plesh yellowish-white, buttery and melting, rich and
sugary. Eipe in September.

To have this excellent pear in perfection it should be
gathered before it is thoroughly ripe, otherwise it is very
inferior in quality.

Flemish Bon Cheetien {Bon CJiretien Nouvelle;
Bon CJiretien Tare ; Bon Chretien de Vernois). — Fruit
medium sized, obovate. Skin yellow, thickly strewed
with russety dots, which are thickest on the side next
the sun. Eye open, set in a small and shallow basin.
Stalk an inch and a half long, inserted by the side of a
fleshy swelling. Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, and
perfumed.

An excellent stewing pear, in use from November till
March.

Florence d'Ete. See Summer Bon Chretien.

FoNDA>"TE d'Auto3INE [Arhre Superhs ; Belle Ltccra'
tive ; Bergamotte Fieve ; Beurre d'Albret; Beurre Lu'
cratif; Excellentissime ; Gresiliere ; Lucrate ; Seigneur ;
Seigneur d'Fsperen). — Fruit large, obovate, and hand-
somely shaped. Skin lemon-yellow, with tinges of green
over the surface, marked with patches of yellowish-brown
russet. Eye small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk
long, fleshy at the base, and obliquely inserted without
depression. Flesh white, very tender, fine-grained and
melting, very juicy, sugary, and aromatic.

A delicious autumn pear, ripe during September and
October.

Fondante des Bois. See Flemish Beauty.

FoxDAXTE DS3 Chasneux [Belle FxceUente ; Beurre
des Charneusos ; Dcsiree Yan Mons ; Due de Brabant;
Miel de Waterloo). — Fruit large, pyriform, uneven in its
outline. Skin greenish-yellow, with a faint tinge of red
on the side next the sun, and thickly strewed with russet

188 PEABS.

dots. Eye large and open, set in a sliallow, uneven basin.
Stalk upwards of an inch long, curved and inserted with-
out depression by the side of a fleshy lip. Flesh tender,
buttery, and melting, sugary, and richly flavoured. Kipe
in November.

Fondante de JafFard. See Colmar d'Avemherg.

Fondante de Malines. See Winter Nelis.

Fondante de Mons. See Passe Colmar.

Fondante Musquee. See Summer Thorn.

Foif DANTE DE ISToEL (Belle apres Noel ; Belle de Noel;
Bonne de Noel). — Fruit medium sized, turbinate. Skin
yellow next the sun, covered with traces of russet and
numerous russet dots, sometimes tinged with red on the
side. Eye closed, set in a broad, shallow basin. Stalk
long, obliquely inserted by the side of a fleshy lip. Flesh
melting, juicy, sweet, and well flavoured. December
and January.

Fondante de Parisel. See Passe Colmar.

Fondante Van Mons. — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
and somewhat depressed. Skin thin and delicate, of a
fine waxen-yellow colour, mottled with very thin cinna-
mon-coloured russet. Eye open, set in a very shallow
depression. Stalk an inch long, set in a narrow and
rather deep cavity. Flesh white, juicy, melting, and
sugary, with a slightly perfumed flavour. September
and October.

An excellent dessert pear, but not so rich as Fondante
d'Automne, which is ripe at the same time.

FoRELLE {Trout ; Triiit). — Fruit medium sized, oblong-
obovate, but sometimes assuming a pyriform shape. Skin
smooth and shining, of a fine lemon-yellow colour on the
shaded side, and bright crimson on the side next the sun,
covered with numerous crimson spots, which from their
resemblance to the markings on a trout have suggested
the name. Eye small, set in a rather shallow basin.
Stalk an inch long, slender, inserted in a small shallow
cavity. Flesh white, delicate, buttery, and melting, with
a rich sugary and vinous flavour.

An excellent pear, in use from November till February.
The tree is hardy, and a good bearer.

FoETUNEE [Bergamotte FortunSe ; Fortunee Parmen-
tier). — Fruit below medium size, roundish-turbinate, un-

PEAES. 189

even in its outline. Skin deep yellow, covered all over
with, flakes and lines of brown russet. Eye closed, deeply
sunk. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, stout. Flesh
half-melting, juicy, and sweet.

A stewing pear, in use from January till May.

De Fosse. See Jargonelle.

Franc Eeal d'Ete. See Summer Franc Heal.

Franc Eeal Gros. See Angelique de Bordeaux.

Franc Eeal d'Hiver. See Winter Franc Eeal.

Feedeeic Le Cleec. — Fruit above medium size, short,
pyriform. Skin green at first, but changing as it ripens
to yellow ; slightly mottled with russet. Eye open, set
in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, woody. Flesh
yellowish, buttery, melting, and very juicy, sugary, and
rich. Eipe in November.

Feedeeic de Wuetembueg. — Fruit large, obtuse-
pyriform. Skin smooth, deep yellow, marbled and dotted
with red on the shaded side, and of a beautiful bright
crimson next the sun. Eye large and open, placed almost
level with the surface. Stalk thick. Flesh very white,
tender, buttery, r.nd melting, rich, juicy, sugary, and
delicious.

A remarkably fine pear, ripe in October. In the year
1858 it was as finely flavoured as the Jargonelle.

Gagnee a Heuze. See Flemish Beauty.

Galston Mooefowl's Egg. — Fruit below medium
size, short obovate. Skin greenish-yellow, entirely covered
with thin pale brown russet, and mottled with red next
the sun. Eye open, set in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk
about an inch long. Flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, and
j^icy. ^ _

An excellent Scotch pear with a peculiar aroma, ripe in
the end of September.

Gambler. See Passe Colmar.

Gansel's Beegamot {Bonne Bouge ; Brocas' Berga-
mot ; Diamant ; Gurle's Beurre ; Ives Bergamot ; Staun-
ton).— Fruit above medium size, or large; roundish-
obovate, and flattened at the apex. Skin greenish-yellow
on the shaded side, and reddish-brown next the sun, the
whole thickly strewed with russety dots and specks. Eye
small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk short and

190 PEAES.

fleshy. Plesli wlilte, "buttery, melting, and very juicy,
sugary and aromatic.

A fine old dessert pear, ripe during October and No-
vember. In warm situations it ripens well on a standard,
but it generally requires a wall.

Garde Ecosse. See Gilogil.

Gendesheim: {Verlaine ; Verlalne d'Hte). — Fruit
medium sized, obtuse-pyriform. Skin pale greenish-
yellow, thickly covered with grey russety dots. Eye
small and open, placed in a shallow depression. Stalk
an inch long, inserted in a small cavity. Elesh buttery,
with a rich sugary and somewhat musky flavour.

An excellent x^ear, in use during October and No-
vember.

Geneeal Todtleben. — Fruit very large, pyriform.
Skin yellow, covered with dots and patches of brown
russet. Eye open, set in a wide furrowed basin. Stalk
an inch long, set in a small cavity. Flesh with a rosy
tinge, very melting and juicy, slightly gritty, with a rich,
sugary, and perfumed juice.

A new Belgian pear, which fruited for the first time in
1855, said to be very excellent. In use from December
to February.

German Baker. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Gilogil {Beiirre Geerards ; Garde JEcosse ; Gil-6-gile ;
Gohert ; Gros Gohet). — Fruit \Gvy large, roundish-turbi-
11 ate. Skin yellowish in the shade and brownish next
the sun, entirelj^ covered with thin brown russet. E3^e
large, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk an inch
long, deeply inserted. Flesh firm, crisp, sweet, and
juicy.

An excellent stewing pear, in use from November to
February.

De Glace. See Yirgouleuse.

Glou Mokceau (Beurre de Canibronne ; Beui^^e
d' Sardenpont ; Ijeurre de Kent; 'Beurre Lomhard ; De
Camhron; Col.mar d' Illver ; Got Luc de Camhron ; Goulu
3forceau ; Hardenpont d'Hlver; Linden d'Automne;
Moi de Wnrtemhurg). — Fruit above medium size, obovate,
narrowing obtusely from the bulge to the eye and the
stalk. Skin smooth, pale greenish-yellow, covered with
greenish-grey russet dots, and slight markings of russet.
Eye open, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk an inch

PEAES. 191

and a half long, inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh
white, tender, smooth, and buttery, of a rich and sugary
flavour.

A first-rate dessert pear, in use from December to
January.

Gobert. See Gilogil.

Golden Knap. — This is a very small roundish-turbi-
nate russety pear, of no great merit. It is grown ex-
tensively in the orchards of the border counties and
in the Carse of Gowrie; and, being a prodigious and
constant bearer, is well adapted for orchard planting
where quantity and not quality is the object. Kipe in
October.

Got Luc de Cambron. See Glou Morceau.

Goulu Morceau. See Glou Morceau.

Gracieuse. See Belle et Bonne.

Grand Monarque. See Catillac.

Geand Soleil. — Fruit large, roundish-turbinate. Skin
very rough to the feel, entirely covered with dark-brown
russet of the colour of that which covers the Hoyal Husset
apple. Eye open, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk an
inch and a quarter long, thick and fleshy, swelling out at
the base into the substance of the fruit. Flesh white,
coarse-grained, crisp and very juicy, sweet and sugary,
with a pleasant flavour. November.

Gratioli. See Summer Bon Chretien.

Gratioli d'PIiver. See Beurre Dlel.

Gratioli di Roma. Sec Summer Bon Chretien.

Great Bergamot. See Hamjpden s Bergamot.

Geeen Chisel. — Fruit very small, growing in clus-
ters, roundish-turbinate. Skin green, with sometimes a
brownish tinge next the sun. Eye large and open. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted without depres-
sion. Flesh juicy and sweet.

An old-fashioned early pear, of little merit. Eipe in
August.

Green Windsor. See Windsor.

Geeen Yaie. — Fruit below medium size, obovate.
Skin smooth, dark green, changing to yellowish-green as
it ripens, and strewed with patches and dots of russet.

192 PEAKS.

E^'e large, open, and prominent. Stalk three quarters of
an inch long, ohliquely inserted. Flesh tender, juicy,
and sugary.

A good Scotch pear, ripe in September.

Gresiliere. See Fondante d' Automne.

G-rey Achan. See Chaumontel.

Grey Doyenne. See Red Doyenne.

Grey Goose. See Gros Housselet.

Groom's Princess Eotil. — Fruit medium sized,
roundish. Skin greenish, marked with russet, and with
a brownish tinge next the sun. Eye small and open, set
in a slight depression. Stalk short and thick. Flesh
buttery, melting, rich, and sugary. In use from January
till March.

Gros Gilot. See CaUllae.

Gros Gobet. See Gilogil.

Gros Micet. See Winter Franc JReal.

Gros Eousselet [Gros Housselet de RJieims ; Grey
Goose; Hoi d'Fte). — Fruit medium sized, obtuse-pyri-
forra, and rounded at the apex. Skin of a fine deep
yellow colour, with brownish-red next the sun, and thickly
strewed with russety dots. Eye small and open. Stalk
an inch and a half to two inches long. Flesh white,
tender, half-melting, very juicy, vinous, and musky,
August and September.

Gros Eousselet de Eheims. See G7'os Housselet,
Gros St. Jean. See Citron des Carmes.
Grosse Cuisse Madame. See Jargonelle.
Grosse Dorothee. See Beurre Diel.
Grosse Jargonelle. See Windsor.
Grosse Ognonet. See Summer ArcMuTce.
Guernsey Chaumontel. See Chaumontel.
Gurle's Beurre. See GanseVs JBergamot.

Hacon's Incomparable {Doivuham Seedling). — Fruit
above medium size, roundish. Skin pale yellowish-
green, sometimes with a brownish tinge on one side, and
strewed with russety dots. Eye small and open, set in a
shallow basin. Stalk an inch long. Flesh white, buttery

TEAES. 193

and melting, -witli a rich, sugary, vinous, and highly per-
iunied flayour.

An excellent hardy pear, in use from November to
Januar}'.

Hampden's Bergamot {Belle cVAoiU; Belle de
Bruxelles ; Belle sa)is JEpines ; Bergamotte cV JEte Grosse ;
Bergamottede Bay sans; ILllanriocli ; Fanfareau; Fingacs;
Great Bergamot ; Longueville ; Scotch Bergamot). —
Fruit above medium size, abrupt pyriform. Skin smooth,
of a fine clear lemon yellow, strewed with dots and flakes
of thin pale brown russet, and with a tinge of bright red
on the side next the sun. Eye rather small, set in an
uneven shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted with-
out depression. Flesh pure white, tender, melting, and
juicy, sweet, and with a high aroma.

A fine showy and excellent early pear, ripe in the
middle and end of August, but soon decays at the core.

Hardenpont d'Hiver. See Glow Morceau.

Hardenpont de Printemps. See Beurre de Mance.

Harvest Pear. See Amire Joannet.

Hazel. See Sessle.

Heliote Dundas [Rousselet Janmin). — Fruit medium
sized, pyriform, even, and regularly formed. Skin smooth
and somewhat shining, lemon yellow, with a brilliant red
cheek, dotted with large dark-red specks. Ej-e small,
and deeply set. Stalk upwards of an inch long. Flesh
white, half-buttery, and not very juicy ; very sweet,
piquant, and perfumed. Hipe in October, and soon rots
at the core.

Henei Caprox. — Fruit medium sized, egg-shaped.
Skin pale yellow, mottled with pale brown, sprinkled
with flakes and dots of delicate russet. Eye nearly
closed. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, stout.
Flesh yellowish-white, buttery, and highly aromatic.
!Ripe in October and JSTovember.

Henri Quatre. See Senry the Fourth.

Heneietts BorviEE. — Fruit about medium sisa,
rouudish-obovate. Skin pale yellow, covered with patches
and network of smooth cinnamon-coloured russet, and
sometimes with an orange tinge next the sun. Eye small,
and almost level with the surface. Stalk an inch or more
in length, inserted without depression. Flesh ver}^ tender,

o

194 PEAES.

buttery and melting, very ricTi and sugary, with a fine
perfume.

A very fine pear, ripe in the beginning and middle of
December.

Henky the Foukth {Henri Quatre; Jarqui?i). — Fruit
small, obtuse-pyriform. Skin greenish, pale yellow, con-
siderably covered with pale cinnamon-coloured russet,
and grey specks. Eye small and open. Stalk an inch
long, obliquely inserted. Flesh white, rather coarse-
grained, but very juicy and melting, with a rich, sugary,
and aromatic flavour.

A most delicious little pear, ripe in September.

Hessle (Hazel; Hessel). — Fruit below medium size,
turbinate. Skin greenish-yellow, very much covered
with large russety dots, which give it a freckled appear-
ance. Eye small and open, slightly depressed. Stalk
an inch long, obliquely inserted without depression.
Flesh tender, very juicy, sweet, and with a high aroma.

An excellent market-gardening pear, ripe in October.
The tree is a most abundant and regular bearer.

His. See Baronne de Mello.

Holland Bergamot. See Bergamotte d' Hollande,

Hubard. See Beurre d' Amanlis.

Huntingdon. See Lammas.

Huyshe'sBergamot— Fruit large, inclining to obovate.
Skin tolerably smooth, considerably covered with russet.
Eye somewhat open, moderately depressed. Stalk short,
thick, and obliquely inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh
yellowish-white, exceedingly melting and juicy, some-
what gritty at the core ; rich, sugary, and delicious.

A remarkably fine pear, in use iu the end of December
and January.

Huyshe's Yictoeia. — Fruit medium sized, oval and
almost cylindrical, flat at the ends. Skin yellowish,
freckled with russet. Eye small, set in a shallow de-
pression. Stalk very short and thick, not deeply inserted.
Flesh melting, rather gritty at the core, juicy, rich, and
sugary, with a brisk acidity. In use during December
and January, but not equal to the preceding.

Imperatrice de Bois. See Flemish Beauty.

L'Inconnue {Vlnconmce Van Mons). — Fruit large
and pyriform. Skin rough to the feel, greenish-yellow,

PEAES. ]95

covered with large grey dots and patclies of cinuamon-
coloured russet. Eye small and sometimes wanting, set
in a deep basin. Stalk an inch, to an inch and a quarter
long, inserted without depression. Flesh yellowish, firm,
very juicy, ricli, and sugary, with an agreeable aroma.
A very excellent winter pear, ripe in February.

Inconnue la Fare. See St. Germain.

Isambert le Bon. See Broicn Beurre.

Ive's Bergamot. See GanseVs Bergamot,

Jackman's Melting. See King Edward's,

Jacquin. See Senry the Fourth.

Jalousie de Fontenay [Belle d' Esqiierme ; Jalousie
de Fontenay Yendee). — Fruit medium sized, obtuse-pyii-
form. Skin greenish-yellow, tinged with red on the
exposed side, and covered with russety dots and patches.
Eye closed. Stalk an inch long. Flesh white, buttery,
melting, and richly flavoured. October and November.

Jaminette (^^^5^;'a5^e ; Banneaux ; Belle d' Austrasie ;
Bergamotte d'Austrasie ; Colmar Jaminette ; Crassanne
d'Aiistrasie ; Josephine; JMaroit ; By role ; Sabine). —
Fruit medium sized, turbinate. Skin pale yellowish-
green, thickly covered with brown dots, and "marked with
cinnamon-coloured russet next the sun and round the
stalk. Eye open, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk
about an inch long, obliquely inserted. Flesh white,
very juicy and melting, sugary and vinous.

A first-rate pear, in use from Is^ovember to January.

Jargonelle {Beau Present; Belle Vierge j BeurrS
de Paris; Chopine ; Cueillette ; Fpargne ; De Fosse;
Grosse Cuisse Jfadame ; ATouille Boicche d'Fte; Sweet
Summer; St. Lambert ; St. Samson; De la Tahle des
Princes). — Fruit large and pyriform. Skin smooth,
greenish-yellow, with a tinge of dark brownish-red next
the sun. Eye large and open. Stalk about two inches
long, slender, and obliquely inserted without depression.
Flesh yellowish-white, tender, melting, and very juicy,
with a rich piquant flavour, and slight musky aroma.

A first-rate pear, ripe in August.

Jean de "VYitte. — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin
smooth, of a greenisli-yellow colour, covered with nume-
rous small grey dots, and a few markings of thin cinna-
mon-coloured russet. Eye small and closed, rather

196 PEAES.

deeply set. Stalk an inch or more in length. Flesh
yellowish, fine-grained, buttery, and melting, with a rich
sugary flavour not unlike that of Glou Morceau.
A first-rate pear, in use from January till March.

Jeusey Gektioli (Bedmijister Gratioli J Norris' Pear).
— Fruit above medium size, rouudish-obovate. Skin
greenish-yellow, covered with large, rough, russet spots,
and tinged with pale brown next the sun. Eye open,
set in an even, shallow basin. Stalk an inch long,
in a narrow cavity. Flesh yellowish-white, very melt-
ing, rich, sugary, and with a fine sprightly vinous
flavour.

A very excellent pear. Eipe in October.

Jeavess {La Juive). — Fruit medium sized, pyramidal.
Skin of a uniform pale yellow colour, mottled with pale
brown russet, and thickly covered with russet dots. Eye
small and open, with short, erect segments even with the
surface. Stalk about an inch long, stout, and tapering
into the fruit, or obliquely inserted. Flesh yellowish,
buttery, and melting, very juicy, sugarj-, and rich.

A most delicious pear. !Eipe in December.

Joannet. See Amire Joannet.
John. See Monsieur Jean.
John Dory. See Monsieur Jean*
Josephine. See Jaminette.

Josephine de Malines. — Fruit about medium size.
Skin yellow, with a greenish tinge on the shaded side
and with a tinge of red on the side next the sun ; the
whole surface strewed with large russet spots. Eye
open, set in a rather shallow depression. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a narrow
cavity. Flesh yellowish, with a tinge of red, melting
and very juicy, sugary, vinous, and richly flavoured, with
a high rosewater aroma.

A most delicious pear, in use from February till May.
The tree is hardy, and an excellent bearer.

La Juive. See Jeivess.

Kaissoise. See JBeiirre d'Amanlis.

Eartofell. See Cohnar cVAremherg.

De Xienzheim. See Vallee Franche,

King Pear. See Caillot Mosat.

PEABS. 197

King Edwaed's {JacJcmans Melting). — Fruit very
large, the size and sliape of Uvedale's St. Germain. Skin
smooth and shining, of a beautiful grass-green colour,
which it retains even when ripe, and with a flush of
reddish-brown on the exposed side, thickly dotted all
over with large brown russet dots. Eye open, set in a
narrow, plaited basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted
without depression. Flesh fine-grained, tender and melt-
ing, juicy, but not very sugary, and with a perfume of
musk.

The largest really melting pear, and, for its size, very
good. Eipe in September and October.

Knight's Monarch. See Monarch.
Konge. See Windsor.
Lafare. See St. Germain.

Lammas {Himtingdoji). — Fruit below medium size,
pyramidal, regular and handsome. Skin pale yellow,
streaked with red, and covered with red on the side next
the sun. Eye open, very slightly depressed. Stalk half
an inch long, inserted without depression. Flesh tender,
juicy, and melting, with an agreeable flavour. Eipe in
the beginning and middle of August.

The tree is hardy, and a most abundant bearer.

Lammas [of the Scotch]. See Craxi^ford,

Lauee de Glymes. — Fruit above medium size, j^yra-
midal. Skin entirely covered with a coat of fawn-coloured
russet, with mottles of lemon-coloured ground shining
through. Eye open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an
inch long, stout and fleshy, not depressed. Flesh white,
tender and juicy, sweet and highly perfumed. Eipe in
the beginning of October.

De Lavault. See Williams Bon Chretien.
Lent St. Germain. See Uvedale's St. Germain.

Leon le Clebc de Laval. — Fruit large, long-obovate,
and rounding towards the eye. Skin smooth and shining,
yellow, strewed with brown dots, and marked with
tracings of russet. Eye large, with long, straight, nar-
row segments, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch and
a half long, inserted without depression by the side of
a fleshy lip. Flesh white, half-melting or crisp, juicy,
sweet, and perfumed.

An excellent stewing pear, which in some seasons is

198 PEAES.

half-melting, and is in use from January till May and
June.

Leon le Clerc de Louvain. — Fruit medium sized,
longisli-oval, and blunt at both ends. Skin of a yeJlow
colour, washed with red on the side next the sun. Eye
large and closed. Stalk an inch long, and pretty thick.
Flesh yellowish, half-melting, juicy, sweet, and pretty
well flavoured. Ripe in the middle of November.

Both of the above are very distinct pears from Van
Mons Leon le Clerc.

Leopold the Fiest. — Fruit medium sized, oval, in-
clining to pyriform. Skin greenish-yellow, covered with
flakes and dots of russet. Eye open, irregular, slightly
depressed. Stalk an inch long, thick and curved. Fiesh
yellowish-white, melting, very juicy, rich, sugiiry, and
highly perfumed.

A first-rate dessert pear. Eipe in December and
January. The tree forms a very handsome pyramid.

Lewis. — Fruit medium sized, oblong-obovate. Skin
pale green, assuming a yellow tinge as it ripens, thickly
covered with brown russet dots and with patches of
russet round the stalk and the eye. Eye large and open,
slightly depressed. Stalk an inch and three quarters
long, slender, and inseited without depression. Flesh
yellowish-white, very tender, melting, and very juicy,
rich and sugary, with a somewhat aromatic flavour.

An excellent pear, in use from November to January,
The tree is an abundant bearer and hardy.

Liard. See 3"a/)oZeoM.

Linden d'Automne. See G-lou Morceau,

Lodge. — Fruit about medium size, obtuse-pyriform.
Skin smooth and shining, yellowish-green, mottled with
darker green ; marked with a few flesh-coloured dots on
the side next the sun, and strewed all over with faint
tracings of delicate russet. Eye closed, set in a shallow
basin. Stalk upwards of an inch long, slender, inserted
without depression. Flesh white, tender, melting, and
juicy, but with no particular aroma or flavour. Ripe in
October.

This is somewhat like Louise Bonne of Jersey, but very
inferior to that variety.

Longueville. See Hampden s Bergamot,

TEAES. 199

London Sug-ab. — Fruit below medium size, turbinate.
Skin pale green, becoming yellow when ripe, with a
brownish tinge when fully exposed to the sun. Eye
small, half-open, prominent, and surrounded with puckered
plaits. Stalk an inch long, slender, obliquely inserted.
Flesh tender, melting, very juicy, sugary, and musky.
Ripe in the end of July and beginning of August.

Lord Cheyne's. See Bergamotte d' SoUande.

Louise d'Avranches. See Louise Bonne of Jersey.

LoiTiSE Bonne of Jersey {Beurre d' Avranches ; Bonne
d' Avranclies ; Bonne de Longueval ; Bonne Louise
d* Arandore ; Louise d' Avranches ; William the Fourth).—
Fruit medium sized, pyriform. Skin smooth, yellow on
the shaded side, but crimson next the sun, covered with
crimson and russety dots. Ej'e small and open, set in a
rather deep basin. Stalk three quarters of an inch long,
oblique]}' inserted without depression. Flesh white, but-
tery, and melting, with a rich, sugary, and brisk vinous
flavour.

A most delicious pear, ripe in October. The tree is a
good bearer, and succeeds well as a pyramid on the quince,

Lucrate. See Fond ante d'Automne.

Mabile. See Napoleon.

Madame. See Windsor.

Madame Dueieux. — Fruit medium sized, bergamot-
shaped. Skin greenish-yellow, mottled with large patches
of russet, particularly^ about the stalk, and dotted and
streaked with the same. Eye closed, slightly depressed.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long. Flesh white,
melting, buttery, juicy, and with a bergamot flavour.
Ripe in the end of October and beginning of JN^ovember.

Madame de France. See Windsor.

Madeleine. See Citron des Carmes.

Maech Beegamot. — Fruit medium sized, bergamot-
shaped. Skin yellow, covered with minute russet dots,
which cause it to feel rough. Eye open, set in a wide,
even basin. Stalk an inch or more long, woody, inserted
in a deep, round cavity. Flesh j^ellowish, firm, breaking
half-melting, very juicy, and with a high bergamot flavour,

An excellent pear for the season. Ripe during March.
and April.

200 PEAKS.

Marianne Nouvelle. See JBeurre Bosc.
Marie Chretienne. See Marie Louise.

Marie Louise {BraddicFs Field Standard; Marie
Chretieyine ; Marie Louise Delcourt ; Frincesse de Panne ;
Van Doncldelaar). — Fruit large, oblong or pyriform.
Skin smooth, greenish-yellow, marked with tracings of
thin brown russet. Eye small and open, set in a narrow,
rather deep and uneven basin. Stalk an inch and a half
long, inserted obliquely without depression. Flesh white,
delicate, buttery, and melting, very juicy, and exceed-
ingly rich, sugary, and vinous.

One of our very best pears. Ripe in October and
November. The tree is an excellent bearer ; but the
bloom is tender. It succeeds well either on the pear or
the quince, forming a handsome pyramid.

Marie Louise Delcourt. See Marie Louise.

Marie Louise Nova. See Comte de Lamy.

Marechal de la Cour. See Conseiller de la Cour*

Maroit. See Jaminette.

Marotte Sucre. See Passe Colmar.

Martin Sec {Dry Martin ; Martin Sec de Champagne;
Martin Sec d'Hiver). — Fruit medium sized, obtuse-pyri-
form. Skin smooth and delicate, entirely covered with
cinnamon-coloured russet on the shaded side, and bright
red next the sun. Eye small and open, set in a plaited
basin. Stalk an inch and a half long, inserted in a
small cavity. Flesh breaking, rather dry, but sweet and
perfumed.

An excellent stewing pear, in use from November till
January.

Martin Sec de Champagne. See Martin Sec,

Martin Sec d'Hiver. See Martin Sec.

De Maune. See Colmar.

Medaille. See Napoleon,

Melon. See Beurre Diel.

Messire Jean {Chaidis ; John; John Dory ; Messire
Jean Blanc; Messire Jaune Dore ; Monsieur John). —
Fruit medium-sized, turbinate, inclining to obovate.
Skin greenish-yellow, thickly covered with brown
russet. Eye small and open. Stalk an inch and a

PEAKS. 201

half long. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sugary, aud
gritty.

A dessert pear of little laerit. Eipe in November and
December.

Miel de Waterloo. See Fondante Charneux,

Milanaise Cuvelier. See Winter Nelis.

Millet de Nancy. — Fruit rather below medium size,
pyriform. Skin smooth, light green, becoming yellow at
maturity. Flesh pale yellow, buttery, melting, and juicy,
sugary, and agreeably perfumed. Kipe in October and
November.

MoccAs. — Fruit medium sized, oval, uneven and bossed
in its outline. Skin lemon coloured, marked with patches
and veins of thin pale brown russet, and strewed with
russet dots. Eye somewhat closed, set in a deep, uneven,
and furrowed basin. Stalk an inch long, rather deeply
inserted. Flesh yellowish, fine-grained, tender and melt-
ing, with a rich vinous juice and musky flavour.

A very fine pear. Eipe in December and January.

Monarch {Knight'' s Monarch). — Fruit medium sized,
roundish. Skin y^lowish-green, very much covered with
brown russet, and strewed with grey -russet specks. Eye
small and open, set in a shallow undulating basin. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small cavity,
frequently without depression. Flesh yellowish, buttery,
melting, and very juicy, with a rich, piquant, sugary, and
agreeably perfumed flavour.

One of the most valuable pears. Eipe in December
and January. The tree is very hardy, an excellent
bearer, and forms a handsome pyramid.

Monsieur de Clion. See Vicar of Winlcjield.

Monsieur le Cure. See Vicar of WinTcfield,

Monsieur John. See Messire Jean.

Monstrueuse de Landes. See Catillac,

MoEEL. — Fruit about medium sized, obovate. Skin
yellow, thickly freckled with large russet spots. Eye
half open, not depressed. Stalk an inch and a quarter
long, stout. Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, and
sweet, with an agreeable flavour.

This in colour and flavour is like Hessle, but ripens in
April, and is a good variety for that late season.

Mouille Bouche. See Verte Longue.

202 PEAES.

Mouille Bouche d'Automue. See Verte Longu€^

Mouille Bouche d'Ete. See Jargonelle,

Muiefowl's Egg. — Fruit below medium size, roundish.
Skin entirely covered -with line cinnamon-coloured russet,
brownish-red next the sun, and thiclily covered with grey-
russet dots. Eye half open, set in a round depression.
Stalk an inch long, set in a small, round cavity. Flesh
tender, juicy, sweet, and brisk, with a strong musky per-
fume. Eipe in October.

Muscat de Villandry. See Echassery.

Napoleon {Bonaparte; Bon Chretien Napoleon; Beurrs
Napoleon; Capiif de St. Helene ; Charles X.. , Gloire
de VJEmpereur; Liard ; Ilahile ; Medaille ; Napoleon
d' Hiver ; JRoi de Borne; Sitcree Bore; Wurtemhurg). —
Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform. Skin smooth, greenish-
yellow, covered with numerous brown dots. Eye par-
tially oi^en, moderately depressed. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a round, pretty
deep, cavity. Flesh white, tender, melting, and very
juicy, with a rich, sugary, and refreshing flavour.

A first-rate pear. Eipe in November and December.
Succeeds best against a wall.

Navez Peintee. — Fruit medium sized, egg-shaped,
even and regularly formed. Skin yellowish-green on
the shaded side, and marked with bands of brown russet,
but with a blush of brownish-red next the sun. Eye
open, very slightly depressed. Stalk an inch long, rather
slender, not depressed. Flesh yellowish, melting very
juicy, piquant, and sugary, with a fine aroma.

A very fine pear. Eipe in the end of September.

Neige. See White Boyenne.

Neige Grise. See Bed. Boyenni.

Nelis d'Hiver. See Winter Nelis.

Ne Plus Meueis. — Fruit medium sized, roundlsh-turbi-
nate, very uneven, and bossed on its surface. Skin rough,
dull yellow, very much covered with dark brown russet.
Eye half open, generally prominent. Stalk very short,
not at all depressed, frequently appearing as a mere knob
on the apex of the fruit. Flesh yellowish- white, buttery
and melting, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavour.

A first-rate pear. Pipe from January till March. It
succeeds well as a pyramid, but is best from a wall.

PEABS. 203

Ne Plus Meuris [of the Frf*ncli]. See Beiirrc' (V Anjou.

Neuye Maisons. — Fruit large, pyramidal, even and
regularly formed. Skin smooth, of a uniform yellow
colour, thickly strewed -with large russet dots, and a few
patches of thin russet. Eye open, set in a narrow and
round basin. Stalk an inch or more in length, very
stout, inserted in a narrow depression. Flesh coarse-
grained, melting, with a thin, somewhat vinous, juice,
but without much flavoui*. Eipe in October and K'o"
vember.

New Autumn. See Jargonelle.
New York Eed-Cheek. See SecMe.

NoTAiEE MiNOT. — Fruit medium sized, roundish-
obovate. Skin pale yellowish-green, cousiderabl}^ covered
with patches and large dots of rough brown russet. Eye
open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk an inch
long, stout, inserted by the side of a fleshy lip. Flesh
yellowish, rather coarse-grained, but melting, and with a
fine brisk, vinous, and sugary flavour.

A very good pear. Eipe in January and February.

NouvEAU PoiTEATJ {Tomhd de r Amateur). — Fruit
very large, obtuse-obovate or pyramidal. Skin greenish-
yellow, or pale yellow, mottled and streaked with pale
brown russet. Eye closed, placed in a slight depression.
Stalk an inch to an inch and a quarter long, obliquely
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh fine-grained, buttery,
melting, and very juicy, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed.

A nrst-rate pear. Ripe during November, but keeps
only a short time.

Nouvelle Boussoch. See Doyenne Boussock.

Nutmeg. See Bezi de Caissoy.

CEuF. — Fruit small, oval. Skin smooth, greenish-
yellow, marked with light red on the exposed side, and
strewed with grey russety dots. Eye small and open,
set in an uneven depression. Stalk an inch long, in-
serted in a small cavity. Flesh whitish, tender and
melting, rich, sugary, and musky.

A very good summer pear. Eipe in August, and keeps
for three weeks without decaying, which is a recom-
mendation at this season.

Ognonet. See Summer ArchduJce.

Ognonet Musque. See Summer ArcJtduTce.

204 FEABS.

Oken d'Hiver. See Winter Oken.
L'Orpheline. See JBeurre d* Aremherg .
L'Orplieline d'Ensrheiu. See Beurre d'Aremherg.
Oxford Chaumontel. See Chaumontel.
Paddington. See Easter Bergamot.

PAKADisfe d'Autojine. — Fruit below medium size,
pyriform. Skin covered with a coat of rough, dark-
cinnamon coloured russet, which is strewed with grey
dots. Eye very small and open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk an inch and a quarter long, obliquely inserted with-
out depression. Flesh fine-grained, buttery and melting,
rich, sugary, and with a fine piquant and perfumed flavour.

A remarkably fine pear. Eipe in October and No-
vember.

Parkinson's Warden. See Blaclc Worcester.

Passans de Portugal. — Fruit medium sized, oblate.
Skin pale yellow, with a lively red cheek. Eye open,
set in a shallow depression. Stalk an inch long, inserted
in a small round cavity. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sugary,
and perfumed. Eipe in the end of August and beginning
of September.

Passe Colmae {Beurre d' Ar gen son ; Cellite ; Chap-
mans; Chapman's Passe Colmar ; Colmar Dori ; Col-
mar JEpineux ; Colmar d' Sardenpont ; Colmar Preul;
Colmar Soiiveraine ; Fondante de Parisel ; Fondante de
Mons ; Gamhier ; Marotte Sucre; Fasse Colmar Dore ;
Passe Colmar Fpineux ; Passe Colmar Oris; Precel ;
Present de Malines ; Pucelle Condesienne ; Pegentin ;
Souverain). — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin smooth,
of a fine uniform deep lemon colour, with a tinge of red
on the side next the sun, strewed with numerous brown
dots and veins of russet. Eye open, set in a wide shallow
basin. Stalk from three quarters to an inch long, in-
serted in a small sheath-like cavity. Flesh yellowish-
white, buttery, melting, and very juicy, with a rich,
sugary, vinous, and aromatic flavour.

An excellent pear. Eipe during November and De-
cember. The tree is an excellent bearer, and forms a
handsome pyramid. It requires a rich, warm soil, other-
wise the flesh is crisp and gritty. In exposed situations
it requires a wall.

Passe Colmar Dore. See Passe Colmar.

PEAKS. 205

Passe Colmar Epineux. See Passe Colmar.
Passe Colmar Gris. See Passe Colmar.

Passe Madeleine. — This is a small oblong pear witli
an uneven surface. Skin green, covered ■with dots. The
flesh is dry and very astringent, crisp and without much
flavour.

An early pear. Ripe in August, and grown to some
extent in the market-gardens round London ; bu^ it is a
very worthless variety.

Paternoster. See Vicar of WinTcfield.

Du Patre. See Easter Beurre.

Peach {PecJie). — Fruit medium sized or large; irregu-
larly oval or roundish. Skin smooth, greenish-yellow,
with a blush of red on the side next the sun, and covered
with patches and dots of russet. Eye open, set in a
slialiow bossed basin. Stalk an inch or more long, not
depressed. Elesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, and very
melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, and with a delicious
perfume.

An excellent early pear. Bipe in the middle and end
of August.

Peche. See Peach.

Pengthley. — Fruit medium sized, obovate, inclining
to oval. Skin pale green, covered with dark dots, and
becoming yellow as it ripens. Eye large and open, set in
a shallow depression. Stalk long and slender, curved,
and set in an uneven cavity. Flesh coarse-grained, crisp,
very juicy and sweet. Ripe in March.

Perdreau. See Early Pousselet.

Perdreau Musque. See Early Pousselet.

Petit Beurre d'Hiver. See Bezi cle Caissoy.

Petit Muscat {Little Muscat ; Sept-en- gueule), — ^Fruit
very small, produced in clusters, turbinate. Skin bright
yellow when ripe, and covered with brownish-red next
the sun, and strewed with russet clots. Eye open, not
depressed. Stalk about an inch long, not depressed.
Flesh melting, sweet, juicy, and with a musky flavour.

A very early pear. Ripe in the end of July.

Petit St. Jean. See Ami re Joan net.

De Pezenas. See JDuchesse d' Angouleme.

Philippe Delfosse. See Beurre Belfosse.

206 PEAES.

Philippe de Paques. See Easter Beurre.
Pickering Pear. See Uvedales St. Germain.
Pickering's AVarden. See UvedaWs St. Germain.
Pine. See White Doyenne.
Piper. See Uvedales St, Germain.
Piquery. See Urhanisfe.
Pitt's Calabasse. See Calehasse.

Pirs IX.— Fruit large, conical, and regularly formed.
Skin of a deep, clear yellow colour, with a blush of red
on the side next the sun, considerably covered with
streaks and flakes of russet. Eye open, slightly de-
pressed. Stalk thick and woody, very short. Flesh
melting, juicy, sugary, and highly perfumed.

An excellent pear. Hipe in September. The tree is
hardy, of small habit, forms a nice pyramid, and is a good
bearer.

Plombgastelle. See Beurre d' Amanlis.

Poire de Prince. See Chair a Dames.

Pound Pear. See BlacTc Worcester.

Pound Pear. See Catillac.

Precel. See Passe Colmar.

Present de Malines. See Passe Colmarm

Present Royal de !N'aples. See Beau Present d'Artois.

Peevost. — Fruit rather large, roundish-oval. Skin
clear golden yellow, with a bright red blush on the ex-
posed side, and marked with flakes of russet. Eye open,
not deeply sunk. Stalk about an inch long. Flesh fine-
grained, half-melting, and half-buttery, pretty juicy, and
highly aromatic.

A good late pear. Pipe from January to April ; but
unless grown in a warm soil and situation it rarely attains
the character of a melting pear.

Peince Albeet. — Fruit medium sized, pyriform. Skin
smooth, of a deep lemon-yellow colour, and frequently
with a blush of red next the sun. Eye small and open,
set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, not depressed.
Flesh yellowish-white, melting, juicy, sugary, and richly
flavoured.

An excellent pear, in use from February till jVIarch.

PEAKS. 207

The tree is a liardy and vigorous grower, and forms a
handsome pyramid.

Prince's Pear. See Chair a Dames.

Princesse de Parme. See Marie Louise.

Pucelle Condesienne. See Passe Colmar,

Pyrole. See Jaminette.

Bameau {Surjyasse Beine). — Fruit large, oblong-oral,
and uneven in its outline. Skin lemon-yellow, mottled
and dotted with russet. Eye open, slightly depressed.
Stalk about an inch long, not depressed. Flesh yellowish,
half-melting, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. In use from
January till March.

Red Achan. See AcJian.

!Red Doyenne {Doyenne d' Aidomne ; Doyenne Crotte ;
Doyenne G alien x ; Doyenne Gris ; Doyenn6 Jaune ;
Doyenyie JRoufje ; Doyenne JRoux ; Grey Doyenne ; ISeige
Grise ; St. Michel Dore ; St. Michel Gris). — Fruit
medium sized, obovate. Skin yellowish-green, but en-
tirely covered with thm, smooth, cinnamon-coloured russet,
and sometimes with a brownish-red tinge on the side next
the sun. Eye small and closed, set in a narrow depres-
sion. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a
narrow, rather deep cavity. Flesh white, tender, melt-
ing, very juicy, sugary, and vinous.

A first-rate hardy pear. Eipe in the end of October.
The tree is an excellent bearer, and forms a handsome
pyramid.

Kegentin. See Passe Colmar.

Seine des Poiees. — Fruit medium sized, obovate.
Skin smooth, pale yellow, and dotted with russet on the
shaded side, and bright red next the sun. Eye small
and open, placed in a small, irregular basin. Stalk au
inch long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy, and sweet. Eipe in October.

Roberts' Keeping. See faster Bergamot,

E/oi Jolimont. See Doyenne d' Ete.

E-oi de Wurtemburg. See Glou Moreeau.

EoNDELET. — Fruit below medium size, roundish. Skin
greenish-yellow, considerably covered with very fine and
smooth pale brown russet, having an orange tinge next

208 TEABS.

the sun, and speckled with large grey dots. Eye gene-
rally wanting. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a narrow
cavity. Flesh fine-grained, buttery and melting, very
juicy, rich, sugary, and with a powerful perfume of
musk.

A most delicious pear, E,ipe in the beginning and
middle of November. The tree is quite hardy, an excel-
lent bearer, and succeeds well as a standard or pyramid.

Hose. See Summer Rose.

EosTEiTZEE. — Fruit small or below medium size, pyri-
form. Skin yellowish-green, with reddish-brown on the
exposed side. Eye open, set in a shallow, plaited basin.
Stalk an inch and a half long, not depressed. Flesh
melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Kipe
in the end of August and beginning of September.

HoussE Lench. — Fruit large, oblong or oval. Skin
pale green, changing to lemon-yellow, with a slight
russety covering. Eye large and open, like that of a
Jargonelle. Stalk an inch and a quarter long, inserted
without depression. Flesh yellow, buttery, juicy, sugary,
and pretty well flavoured. Hipe in January and February.

Rousselet dAnjou. See Bezi de Caissoy.

BoussELET Enfant Peodigue. — Fruit medium sized,
pyriform. Skin green, considerably covered with rough-
brown russet, and with a brownish-red tinge on the ex-
posed side. Eye large and open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk about an inch long, obliquely inserted without
depression. Flesh greenish-white, melting, very juicy
and sugary, and with a rich, vinous, and musky flavour.

An excellent pear. Hipe in December. The tree '\%
hardy, a good bearer, and forms a handsome pyramid.

Housselet Jamain. See Hciiote Dundas.

EoussELET DE Meestre. — Fruit large, obtusc-pyriform
or pyramidal. Skin smooth and shining, of a golden
yellow colour, thickly dotted all over with large brown
russet freckles. Eye open, set in a wide, flat basin.
Stalk an inch and a half long, not depressed. Flesh half
buttery, firm, pretty juicy, and well flavoured, but with
nothing to recommend it. Ripe in October and No-
vember.

Rousselet Musque. See Mousselet de JRJieims,

Eousselet Petit. See Mousselet de MJieims.

PEAKS. 209

E,ousSELET DE Eheims {Roiisselet Musque ; Rousselet
Petit). — Fruit small, pyriform, and rounded at the apex.
Skin green, changing to yellow at maturity, and thickly
covered with grey russet specks, tinged with brown next
the sun. Eye small and open, slightly depressed. Stalk
an inch long, thick and not depressed. Flesh lialf-melt-
iug, rich, sugary, and highly perfumed.

One of the oldest and best early pears. Ripe in Sep-
tember, but does not keep long.

Eousselet de SirTTGAEDT. — Frult medium sized, pyri-
form or pyramidal. Skin yellowish-green, with brownish-
red on the side next the sun, and strewed with dots. Eye
open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk upwards of an inch
long, inserted -without depression. Flesh half-melting,
very juicy and sugary, with a rich and perfumed flavour.

A good early pear. Ripe in September. The tree is
an excellent bearer, and forms a handsome pyramid.

Royal d'Angleterre. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Royal Tairlon. See Easter JBergamot.

Sabine. See Jaminette.

Saffran d'Automne. See Spanish JBon Chretien.

SaflFran d'Ete. See Summer Bon Chretien.

St. Denis. — Fruit small, turbinate, and uneven in its
outline. Skin pale yellow, with a crimson cheek, and
thickly dotted with, crimson dots. Eye open, set in
a shallow basin. Stalk an inch and a half long, not de-
pressed. Flesh half-melting, very juicy and sweet, with
a fine aroma.

A nice early pear. Ripe in August and September.

St. GERiiAix [Arteloire ; Inconmie la Fare ; Lnfare ;
St. Germain Gris ; St. Germain cVIIiver; St. Germain
Jaune ; St. Germain Vert). — Fruit large, oblong-obovate,
rather irregular in its outline. Skin pale greenish-yellow,
thickly covered with small brownish-grey dots and some-
times tracings of russet. Eye open, set in a narrow, un-
even depression. Stalk an inch long, curved, and in-
serted without depression. Flesh white, very juicy,
buttery and melting, with a sprightly refreshing sugary
and perfumed flavour.

A fine old dessert pear, in use from November till
January. The tree requires to be grown against a wall.

St. Germain d'Ete. See Summer St. Germain.

P

210 PEARS.

St. Gcrmaia Gris. See St. Germain.

St. Germain d'Hiver. See St. Germain.

St. Germain Jaune. See St. Germain.

St. Germain de Martin. See Summer St. Germain.

St. Germain Vert. See St. Germain.

St. Ghislain. — Fruit medium size, obtuse-pyriform or
turbinate. Skin smooth, clear j^ello^^', with a greenish
tinge, and ^vith a blush of red next the sun. Eye open,
slightly depressed. Stalk an inch to an inch and a half
long, inserted without depression. Flesh white, very
juicy, buttery and melting, rich, sugary, and vinous.

An excellent pear. E/ipe in September.

St. Jean. See Amire Joannet.
St. Lambert. See Jargonelle.

St. Lezin. — Fruit very large, pyriform. Skin of a dull
greenish-yellow colour, covered with flakes of russet. Eye
open, set in a deep furrowed basin. Stalk two ioches
long, not depressed. Flesh firm, crisp, juicy, and sweet.

A stewing j)ear, in use during September and October.

St. Marc. See Urhaniste.
St. Martial. See Anjelique de JBordeaux.
St. Martin. See Winter Bon Chretien.
St. Michel. See White Doyenne.

St. Michel Aechange. — Fruit above medium size,
obovate. Skin smooth and shining, of a goJden-yellow
colour, speckled with crimson on the shaded side, and
with a bright crimson cheek on the side next the sun.
Eye small and closed, set in a narrow depression. Stalk
half an inch to an inch long, not depressed. Flesh yel-
lowish-white, tender, melting and juicy, with a sugary
juice, and a very agreeable perfume.

A very excellent and beautiful pear, covered with
crimson dots like Forelle. liipe in the end of September.

St. Michel Dore. See Red Doyenne.

St. Michel Gris. See Red Doyenne.

St. Nicholas. See Duchesne d' Orleans,

St. Samson. See Jargonelle.

Scotch Bergamot. See Hampden s Dergamot,

PEAES. 211

Scot's Cornuck. See Charnoch.

Seckle {New York Mcd-clieeh ; SJiaJcespear ; Sicker).
— Fruit small, obovate. Skin yellowish-brown on the
shaded side, and reddish-brown next the sun, Ej-e small
and open, not depressed. Stalk half an inch lono:, in-
serted in a narrow depression. Flesh butter^'-, meltin<^,
and very juicy, very sweet and rich, with a powerful
aroma.

A most delicious pear. E-ipe in October. The tree is
an abundant bearer, and rery hard}^ ; but does not suc-
ceed well on the quince.

Seigneur. See Fondante d'Antomne.

Seigneur. See White Doyenne.

Seigneur d'Esperen. See Fondante d'Atctomne,

Seigneur d'Hiver. See Faster BeurrS.

Sept en Gueule. See Petit Muscat.

Serrurieur d'Automne. See Urhaniste.-

Seutin. — Fruit medium sized, ovah Skin yellowish,
covered with flakes and dots of russet. Eye prominent
and open. Stalk an inch and a half long. Flesh half-
melting, coarse-grained, pretty juicy and sweet. Eipe in
December and January.

Shakespear. See SecMe.

Shobden Couet. — Fruit below medium size, oblate,
even in its outline. Skin deep, rich yellow, with a blush
of red next the sun, and covered with rough russety dots.
Eye very small, almost wanting, set in a small, round,
rather deep basin. Stalk very long and slender, inserted
in a small cavity. Flesh white, coarse-grained, juicy,
briskly acid and sweet, but not highly flavoured. Eipe
in January and February.

Short's St. Germain. See Summer St. Germain.

Sicker. See Seckle.

SiETJLLE (Berqamotte Sieulle ; Beurre Sieulle ; Doyenne
SieuUe). — Fruit medium sized, roundish-turbinate. Skin
smooth, pale yellow, thickly covered with russet dots,
and sometimes with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye
open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch loug, set in a
small cavity. Flesh coarse-grained, buttery, and very
juicy, rich, sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Bipe in Octo-
ber and Kovember.

212 PEAES.

Simon Bouvier. — Fruit below medium size, obtuse-
pyriform. Skin smooth, bright green, becoming yellowish,
as it ripens, and dotted and mottled with brown russet.
Eye small, placed in a slight depression. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, slightly curved, and inserted
without depression. Flesh white, tender, and melting,
rich, sugary, and finely perfumed. Eipe in September.

Small Winter Beurre. See Bezi de Caissoy,

Snow. See White Doyenne.

SoLDAT EsPEREN. — Fruit large, obovate. Skin pale
lemon-yellow, marked here and there with tracings of
russet, and considerably covered with minute dots. Eye
large, slightly closed, and placed in a shallow depression.
Stalk an inch long, inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh
yellowish-white, buttery, melting, and very juicy, rich
and sugary, having somewhat of the flavour of the Autuinil
Bergamot.

A very excellent pear. Kipe in November.

Souveraine. See Passe Colmar.

Spanish Bon Chretien [Gratioli d'Aiitomne; Saffran
d'Automne; Spanish Warden). — Fruit large, pyriform.
Skin greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-coloured
russet, and with a deep lively red colour next the sun.
Eye open, set in a depression. Stalk an inch and a half
long, slender, inserted without depression. Flesh white,
fine-grained and crisp, with a brisk flavour, and fine
musky aroma.

A fine stewing pear, in use from ISTovember till March.

Spanish Warden. See Spanish Bon Chretien.

De Spoelberg. — Fruit about medium size, somewhat
turbinate and uneven in its outline, being considerably
ribbed and undulating. Skin smooth, pale straw coloured,
sprinkled with green dots and patches of russet. Eye
large, half open, and prominently set. Stalk an inch
and a quarter long, inserted without depression. Flesh
yellowish, buttery, not very juicy, sweet, slightly musky,
and richly flavoured. Eipe in November.

Spring Beurre. See Verulam.

Staunton. See GanseVs Bergamot.

SucREE Vert [Green Sugar). — Fruit medium sized,
roundish-turbinate. Skin pale yellowish-green, covered
with numerous greea and grey dots, and a few tracings

PEAKS. 213

of russet. Eye small and open, set in a wide and sballovr
basin. Stalk an incK long, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh yellowisk-wliite, melting and very juicy, sugary
and perfumed. Hipe in October.

Suffolk Thoen. — Fruit medium sized, roundisli-turbi-
Date. Skin pale lemon-yellow, covered with, numerous
small dots and irregular patches of pale ashy-grey russet,
which are most numerous on the side next the sun. Ej^e
very small and open, set in a deep basin. Stalk short
and stout, not deeply inserted. Flesh yellowish-white,
exceedingly melting, buttery, and juicy, with a rich
sugary juice exactly similar in flavour to Gausel'a
Bergamot.

A most delicious pear. Eipe in October. The tree
is quite hardy, and an excellent bearer, forming a hand-
some pyramid on the pear stock.

Summer Archduke {Atnire Houx ; Arcliduke d'JEte;
Srotvn Admiral; Grosse 0 g nonet ; 0 g nonet ; Ognonet
3f usque). — Fruit medium sized, turbinate. Skin smooth
and shining, yellowish-green, covere'd with dark brownish-
red next the sun. Eye open, set in a shallow depression.
Stalk an inch long, stout, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh whitish, rather gritty, juicy, and sweet. Hipe in
the beginning of August.

The Summer Rose is also called Ognonet^

Summer Bell. See Windsor.

Summer Bon Chretien {Floreiice d'Ete; Gratloli;
Gratioli di Roma; Saffran d'Ete). — Fruit large, pyri-
form, very irregular and bossed in its outline. Skin
yellow, with a tinge of pale red next the sun, and strewed
with green specks. Eye small, set in an uneven, shallow
basin. Stalk two inches and a half long, curved, and
obliquely inserted in a knobbed cavity. Flesh yellow,
crisp, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavoured. Eipe in
September.

Summer Crasanne {Crasanne d'Ete). — Fruit small,
roundish, and flattened. Skin pale yellow, entirely
covered with cinnamon-coloured russet. Eye wide open,
set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch and a half long.
Flesh half-melting, very juicy, sweet, and aromatic. Eipe
in the end of August and beginning of September.

Summer Doyenne {Doyenne d'Ete; Doyenne deJuillet;
Buchesse de Berri d'Et6; Roi Jolimont).—¥vmi small,

214 PEAKS.

roundisli-obovate. Skin smooth, of a fine yellow colour,
and frequently with a red blush on the side next the
sun, and strewed with dots. Eye small and open,
set in a shallow plaited basin. Stalk short, not de-
pressed. Flesh white, melting, and very juicy, rich
and sugary.

An excellent early pear. Ripe in the end of July,
but requires to be gathered before it becomes j^ellow,
otherwise it soon decays. The tree is hardy, and a good
bearer.

SuMiiKR Feanc Heal (Coule Soif; Fin Or d'Ete;
Franc Real d' Ete ; Great MoutJnvater ; Gros Micet
d'Ete; Grosse Mouille BoiicJie). — Fruit medium sized,
obovate. Skin smooth, pale yellowish-green, strewed
with numerous brown and green dots. Eye small and
open, set in a small undulating basin. Stalk short and
thick, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh white, fine-
grained, buttery and melting, rich and sugary.

An excellent early pear. Eipe in September,

Summer KosE (JS);?^2e i?05e; O g nonet ; Rose; Thorny
Rose). — Fruit medium sized, oblate. Skin greenish-
yellow on the shaded side, and bright reddish-purple on
the side next the sun, strewed with russet dots. Eye
open, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk an inch
and a half long, slender, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh
half-meltiug, tender, juic}^ sugary, with a pleasant, re-
freshing flavour and musky aroma.

A very nice early pear. Hipe in August.

Summer St. Germain {St. Germain d'Ete'; St. Ger-
main de Martin; Shorfs St. Germain). — Fruit medium
sized, obovate. Skin greenish pale yellow, mottled and
speckled with brown russet. Eye open, set in a narrow
and slight depression. Stalk an inch and a quarter long,
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh juicy, slightly gritty
and astringent, with a brisk, sweet, and rather pleasant
flavour.

A second-rate pear. Eipe in the end of August.

Summer Thorn {Bugiarda ; Epine d'Ete Couleur de
Rose; Epine d'Ete Vert; Fondante Musque). — Fruit
medium sized, pyriform or long pyriform, and rounded at
the apex. Skin smooth, and covered with greenish-
russet dots, green in the shade, but yellowish next the
sun and towards the stalk. Eye small, set in a shallow
and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, curved, and

PEARS. 215

obliquely inserted without any depression. Flesh white,
melting, juicy, and of a rich musky flavour.

It is an excellent autumn pear, ripe in September, but
does not keep long.

Supreme. See Windsor.

Surpasse Eeine. See Bameau.

SuzETTE DE Bavay. — Fruit medium sized, turbinate.
Skin yellow, covered with numerous large russet dots and
traces of russet. Eye open, placed in a shallow, undu-
lating basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a small
cavity. Flesh melting, juicy, sugary, and vinous, with
a pleasant perfume. Eipe in January and February.

Swan's Egg. — Fruit medium sized, roundish-ovate.
Skin smooth, yellowish -green on the shaded side, and
clear brownish-red next the sun, and covered with pale
brown russet. Eye small, partially closed, slightly de-
pressed. Stalk an inch and a half long, inserted without
depression. Flesh tender, very juicy, with a sweet and
piquant flavour and musky aroma.

A fine old varietj^. Eipe in October. The tree is very
hardy, and an excellent bearer.

Sweet Summer. See Jargonelle.
Sylvange d'Hiver. See JEaster JBeurre.
Table des Princes. See Jargonelle.

Taedif de Mons. — Fruit oblong-obovate, even and
regularly formed. Skin of a uniform yellow colour, paler
on the shaded side, and with an orange tinge next the
sun, strewed with large russety dots. Eye open, very
slightly depressed. Stalk an inch long, rather slender,
not depressed. Flesh white, tender, buttery, melting,
and very juicy, rich and sugary. Eipe in November.

Tarling. See Easter JBergamot.

Teton de Venus. See Bellissime d'Hiver.

Teton de Venus. See Catillae.

Theodore Van Mons.— Fruit large, pyramidal. Skin
greenish-yellow, strewed with russety dots and tracings
of russet. Eye closed, set in a small, uneven basin.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long, inserted without
depression. Flesh yellowish-white, juicy and melting.
Eipe in October and November.

Thessoise. See Beurr^ d'Amanlis,

'U6 PEARS.

Thompson's. — Fruit medium sized, ol)oyate. Skin
pale yellow, and considerably covered with a coating and
dots of pale cinnamon-coloured russet. Eye open, set in
a shallow basin. Stalk an incli and a quarter long, in-
serted in an uneven cavity. Plesk white, buttery and
melting, very juicy, exceedingly rich and sugary, and
with a fine aroma.

One of our best pears. Eipe in November. The tree
is quite hardy, an excellent bearer, and succeeds best on
the pear stock.

TiLLiNGTON.— ^Fruit about medium size, short pyriform,
rather uneven in its outline. Skin smooth, greenish-
yellow, covered with a number of light brown russet dots.
Eye open, scarcely at all depressed. Stalk short, fleshy,
and warted at its insertion. Flesh yellowish, tender,
buttery and melting, not very juicy, but brisk and vinous,
with a peculiar and fine aroma.

This is an excellent pear, ripe in October, the fine
piquant flavour of which contrasts favourably with the
luscious sweetness of the Seckle, which comes in just
before it.

Tonibe de I'Amateur. See Nouveau Poiteau.

De Tonnoau. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Tres Grosse de Bruxelles. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Triomphe de Hasselt. See Calehasse Grosse.

Triomphe de Jodoigne. — Fruit large, obovate, regular
and handsome, bkin yellow, covered with numerous
small russety dots and patches of thin brown russet. Eye
open, set in a slight depression. Stalk an inch and a
quarter long, curved, and inserted without depression.
Flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, melting, juicy,
sugary, and brisk, with an agreeable musky perfume.
Ripe in November and December.

Teiomphe de Loutain. — Fruit medium sized, obovate.
Skin covered with fawn-coloured russet, and densely
strewed with light-brown russet dots ; except on the
exposed side, where it is of a deep dull red. Eye
open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, thick,
with a fleshy protuberance on one side. Flesh white,
crisp, juicy, and sweet; but decays at the core before it
begins to melt. Eipe in the end of September.

De Trois Tours. See Beurre JDiel.

rEAE8. 217

Trompe Valet. See Amlrette d'Hiver^

Trout. See Forelle.

Truite. See Forelle.

Union. See Uvedales St. Germain.

Uebaniste {Beurre Drapiez ; Beurre Ficqiiery ; Louise
d' Orleans ; Picquery ; St. Marc; Serrurier dAutomne ;
Virgalieu Musquee). — Fruit medium sized, obovate, or
oblong-obovate. Skin smooth and thin, pale yellow,
covered -with grey dots and slight markings of russet,
and mottled with reddish brown. Eye small and closed,
set in a deep, narrow basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted
in a wide and rather deep cavity. Flesh white, very
tender, melting, and juicy, rich, sugary, and slightly
perfumed.

A delicious pear. Eipe in October. The tree is hardy
and an excellent bearer, forming a handsome pyramid
either on the pear or the quince.

TJvedale's St. Germain {Ahhe Mongein ; Angora ;
'Belle de Jersey ; Bolivar; Chambers' Large; Comtesse
de Treioeren ; Dr. TJdales Warden; Duchesse de Berri
d'Hiver; German Baker ; Ijent St. Germain ; Piclcering
Pear; Bickering's Warden; Bi]per ; Boy ale d'Angle--
terre ; Be Tonneau ; Tres Grosse de Bruxelles ; Union).
i'—Fruit very large, sometimes weighing upwards of 3 lbs.,
of a long pyriform or pyramidal shape. Skin smooth,
dark green, changing to yellowish-green, and with dull
brownish-red on the exposed side, dotted all over with
bright brown and a few tracings of russet. Eye open,
set in a deep, narrow cavity. Stalk an inch to an inch
and a half long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh w^hite,
crisp, and juicy.

An excellent stewing pear, in use from January to
April.

Vallee Feanche {Bonne de Kienzlieim ; Be KienZ'
Jieim). — Fruit medium sized, obovate or obtuse-pyriform.
Skin smooth and shining, yellowish-green, becoming
yellowish as it ripens, and covered with numerous small
russet dots. Eye set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch
long, inserted without depression. Flesh white, rather
crisp, very juicy and sweet.

A good early pear. Eipe in the end of August. The
tree is an immense and regular bearer, very hardy, and
an excellent orcharding variety.

218 PEABS.

Yan Assche. — Fruit large, roundivsh-oval, ]>03sed and
ribbed in its outline. Skin yellow, covered -svith flakes
of russet on tlie shaded side, and with beautiful red on
the side next the sun. Eye half open, set in a ribbed
basin. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh, half-melting, very juicy, rich, and aromatic. In
use during November and December.

Van Donckelaar. See Marie Louise.

"Van Marum. See Grosse Calehasse.

Van Mons Leon le Clerc. — Fruit very large, oblong-
pyramidal. Skin dull yellow, covered witli dots and
tracings of russet. Eye open, set in a shallow basin,
talk an inch and a half long, curved, and inserted in a
shallow cavit)^ Flesh yellowish-white, buttery and melt-
ing, very juicy, rich, sugary, and delicious.

A remarkably fine pear. Eipe in November. The
tree is an excellent bearer, succeeds well as a standard
in warm situations, and forms a handsome pyramid on
the pear stock.

Van de Weyer Bates. — Fruit below medium size,
roundish-obovate. Skin pale lemon yellow, covered with
small brown dots and a few veins of russet of the same
colour. Eye very large and open, set in a moderate
depression. Stalk an inch and a quarter long, inserted
between two lips. Flesh yellow, buttery, and very
juicy, rich and sugary, with a pleasant aroma.

One of the finest late pears. Eipe from March till May

Vergalieu Musquee. See Urbaniste.
Verlaine. See Gendesheim.
Verlaine d'Ete. See Gendesheim,

Vert Longue [Mouille JBouclie ; Mouille JBouche
d' Automne ; New Autmnn). — Fruit medium sized, pyri-
form. Skin smooth and shining, pale green, becoming
yellowish about the stalk as it ripens, and covered with
numerous minute dots. Eye open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk an inch and a half long, not depressed. Flesh
white, melting, very juicy, sugary, and richly flavoured.
Eipe in October.

Verte Longue d'Hiver. See JEcliassery.

Veeulam {BlacTc Heurre ; Buchanan s SfringBeurre;
Spring Beurre). — Fruit large, obovate, resembling the
Brown Beurre in shape. Skin dull green, entirely covered

PEAHS. 219

with, thin russet on the shaded side, and reddish-brown
thickly covered with grey dots on the side next the sun.
Eye open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long,
slender, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh crisp, coarse-
grained, rarely melting, unless grown against a wall in a
warm situation, which is a position it does not merit.

An excellent stewing pear, in use from January till
March. When stewed the flesh, assumes a fine brilliant
colour, and is richly flavoured.

Viandry. See JEcliassery.

ViCAE OF WiNKFiELD {Belle Andrenne; Belle de Berri;
Belle Heloise ; Beurre Cornice de Toulon; Bon Papa;
Cure; Motisieur de Clion ; 3fonsieur le Cure; Pater-
Tioster). — Fruit very large, pyriform, frequently one-
sided. Skin smooth, greenish-yellow, with a faint tinge
of red on the side next the sun. Eye open, set in a
shallow basin, and placed on the opposite side of the
axis from the stalk. Stalk an inch and a half long,
slender, obliquely inserted without depression. Flesh
white, fine-grained, half-melting, juicy and sweet, with a
musky aroma.

A handsome pear, which in warm seasons, or when
grown against a wall, is melting. It is also a pretty good
stewing pear. In use from November till January.

Yigne de Pelone. See Figue de Naples.

ViNEUSE. — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin smooth,
pale straw colour, with slight markings of very thin
brown russet, interspersed with minute green dots. Eye
open, frequently abortive, set in a shallow depression.
Stalk short and fleshy, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity.
Flesh yellowish-white, exceedingly tender, melting, and
very juicy, of a honied sweetness, and fine delicate perfume.

A delicious and richly-flavoured pear. Ripe in the
end of September and beginning of October.

ViNGOULEUSE {Tlujaleuf; Chamhrette ; De Glace). —
Fruit large and pyriform. Skin smooth and delicate,
pale lemon colour, with a tinge of brown on the side next
the sun, thickly strewed with russet dots. Eye small
and open, set in a small, narrow basin. Stalk an inch to
an inch and a quarter long, inserted without depression.
Flesh yellowish-white, buttery, melting, and very juicy,
sugary, and perfumed. November till January.

Warwick Bergamot. See White Doyenne.

220 PEAB1.

Welbeck jJergamot. — Fruit above medium size,
roundish, uneven in its outline, and bossed about the
stalk. Skin smooth and shining, of a lemon-yellow
colour, thickly sprinkled with large russet specks and
with a blush of light crimson on the side next the sun.
Eye small and open, set in a shallow depression. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in an uneven
cavity. Flesh white, rather coarse-grained, half-melting,
very juicy, sweet, and sugary, but without any flavour.
End of October and November.

White Autumn Beurre. See White Doyenne,

White Beurre. See White Doyenne.

White Doyenne {Beurre Blanc ; Bomie Enie ; Citron
de Septemhi'e ; Deans; Doyenne Blanc ; Doyenne Picte ;
Neige ; Bine; St. Michel ; Seigneur; Snoto ; Warwick
Bergamot ; White Autumn Beurre; White Beurre). —
Fruit above medium size, obovate, handsome, and regu-
larly formed. Skin smooth and shining, pale straw colour,
sometimes with a faint tinge of red next the sun, and
strewed with small dots. Eye very small and closed, set
in a small, shallow basin. Stalk three quarters of an
inch long, stout, fleshy, set in a small, round cavity.
Flesh white, fine-grained, buttery, and melting, rich,
sugary, with a fine piquant and vinous flavour, and a
delicate perfume.

A delicious fruit. Eipe in September and October.
The tree is hardy, a free bearer, and succeeds well as a
pyramid either on the pear or quince.

Wilding of Caissoy. See Bezi de Caissoy

Wilhelmine. See Beurre d'Amanlis,

Willeemoz. — Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, ribbed and
bossed in its outline. Skin of a golden yellow colour,
with a red blush on the exposed side, and covered with
fine russet dots. Stalk an inch long, woody. Flesh
white, fine-grained, buttery, and melting, very juicy,
sugary, and highly perfumed. Eipe in October and
November.

William the Fourth. See Louise Bonne of Jersey.
Williams'. See Williams Bon Chretien.

Williams' Bon Chretien {Bartlett; De Lavault ;
Williams'). — Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, irregular and
bossed in its outline. Skin smooth, of a fine clear yellow,

PEAKS. 221

tinged with green mottles and witli faint streaks of red
on the exposed side. Eye open, set in a shallow de-
pression. Stalk an inch long, stout and fleshy, inserted
in a shallow cavity, which is frequently swollen on one
side. Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, buttery, and
melting, with a rich, sugary, and delicious flavour, and
powerful musky aroma.

One of the finest of pears. Eipe in August and Sep-
tember. It should be gathered before it becomes yellow,
otherwise it speedily decays. The tree forms a handsome
pyramid, and is a good bearer.

Windsor {Bell Tongue; Bellissime ; Figue; Figue
Musquee; Green Windsor; Grosse Jargonelle; Konge ;
Madame; Madame de France ; Summer Bell; Supreme).
— Fruit large, pyriform, rounded at the eye. Skin
smooth, green at first, and changing to yellow mixed
with green, and with a faint tinge of orange and ob-
scure streaks of red on the exposed side. Eye open,
not at all depressed. Stalk an inch and a half long,
inserted without depression. Elesh white, tender,
buttery, and melting, with a fine, brisk, vinous flavour,
and nice perfumo.

A fine old pear for orchard culture. Eipe in August.
It should be gathered before it becomes yellow.

Winter Beurre. See Achan.
Winter Beurre. See Chaumontel.

Winter Bon Chretien {D'Angoisse; Bon Chretien
d'Siver; Bon Chretien de Tout's; De St. Martin). — Fruit
large, obtuse-pyriform, very irregular and bossed in its
outline. Skin dingy yellow, with a tinge of brown next
the sun, and strewed with small russet dots. Eye open,
set in a deep basin. Stalk an inch to an inch and a half
long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh white, crisp, juicy,
sweet, and perfumed.

This requires a wall, but is not worthy of such a situa-
tion. It is in use from December to March ; and is more
adapted for stewing than for the dessert.

Winter Franc Real {Fin Or d'Hiver; Franc Beal
cVSiver; Gros Micet). — Fruit medium sized, obovate,
uneven in its outline. Skin of a fine lemon-yellow colour,
with light brownish-red next the sun, thickly covered
with pale brown dots and markings of russet. Eye open,
set in a rather deep basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted

222 PEABS.

in a deep cavity. Flesh yellowisli, coarse-grained, juicy,
sweet, and aromatic.

A fine stewing pear, in use from January till March.
When coolicd tlie flesh becomes of a fine bright purple
colour, and richly flavoured.

Winter Green. See Bergamotte cV Hollande.

Winter Oken {OJcen; OTcen d'JIioer).—¥rmt below
medium size, roundish. Skin lemon yellow, marked with
patches of cinnamon-coloured russet, ^ye open, set in a
round, deep basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted without
depression. Flesh buttery, melting, and juicy, rich,
sugary, and well flavoured. E-ipe in December.

WiNTEK ISTelis {Beurre de Mallnes ; Bonne Malinaise ;
Bonne de Mali nes ; Colmar Nelis ; JEtonneau ; Fondante
de 3f alines; Malinaise Ciivelier ; Nelis d' Hi oer). — Fruit
below medium size, roundish-obovate. Skin dull yel-
lowish-green, covered with numerous russety dots and
patches of brown russet. Eye open, set in a shallow
depression. Stalk from an inch to an inch and a half
long, set in a narrow cavity. Flesh yellowish, fine-
grained, buttery and melting, with a rich, sugary, and
vinous flavour, and a fine aroma.

One of the richest flavoured pears. It is in use from
November till February. The tree forms a handsome
small pyramid, is quite hardy, and an excellent bearer.

Winter Poplin. See Bezi de Caissoy.

Winter Thokn {Epine d' Hiver ; Ermine Rose d' Hiver),
— Fruit above medium size, obovate. Skin smooth,
yellowish-green, covered with greyish-brown dots. Eye
small and open, set in a wide basin. Stalk an inch long,
inserted without depression. Flesh whitish, tender, and
buttery, with a svreet and agreeable musky flavour. In
use from November till January.

Winter Windsor (Pehvorf/i). — Fruit large and
handsome, obovate-turbinate. Skin smooth and shining,
greenish-yellow in the shade and orange, faintly streaked
with brownish-red next the sun ; covered all over with
minute dots. Eye large and open, set in a shallow basin.
Stalk half an inch long, slender, inserted without de-
pression. Flesh crisp, juicy, and pleasantly flavoured.
Eipe in November.

Yat (Yutte). — Fruit below medium size, obtuse-pyri-
form. Skin thickly covered with brown russet and

PEAKS. 223

sprinkled with numerous grey specks, sometimes with
brown 'sli-red next the sun. Eye small and open, set in
a shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, obliquely inserted
without depression. Flesh white, tender, juicy, and
melting, with a rich, sugary, and highly perfumed flavour.
An excellent early pear. Eipe in September. The tree
is hardy, and a great bearer.

York Bergamot. See Autumn Bergamot.

Yucte. See Yat.

Zephhun Gbegoike. — Fruit about medium size,
oundish. Skin pale greenish-yellow, sometimes becoming
of a uniform pale waxen yellow, covered with russet
dots and markings. Eye very small, slightly depressed.
Stalk an inch long, inserted without depression. Flesh
yellow, buttery, melting, and very juicy, very rich, sugary,
and vinous, with a powerful and peculiar aroma.

A most delicious pear. Eipe in December and January.
The tree forms a handsome pyramid, succeeds best on the
pear stock, and is an excellent bearer.

LISTS OF SELECT PEAES,
Arranged in their order of ririening.

I. COLLECTIONS OF SIX VARIETIES FOR PYRAMIDS, BUSHES,
OR ESPALIERS.

1.

Jargonelle Soldat Esperen

William a' Bon Chretien Catinka

Urbaniste Ne Plus Meuris

2.

Citron des Carmes Nouveau Poiteau

Louise Bonne of Jersey Eousselet Enfant Prodigue

Jersey Grratioli Beurre Sterckmans

3.

Bem-re Giffard Van Mons Leon le Clerc

Beurie d'Amanlis Doyenne Defais

Baronne de Mello Grlou Morceau

224

PEARS.

Blooclgood
Beuvre Superfin
Seckle

Hampden's Bergamot
Fondaiite d'Autonine
Paradise d'Automne

Summer Rose
iffavez Peintre
Duchesse d' Orleans

Ambrosia
Albertine
Comte de Lamy

Flamisli Beauty
Henry tlie Fourth
Ejewood

Early E-ousselet
Beurre Govibault
Eed Doyenne

4.

5.

6.

•7.

8.

a

Marie Louise
Knight's Monarcli
Beurre de Kance

Bondelet
Winter Nelis
Josephine de Malines

Eigne de ^Naples

Jewess

Zephirin Gregoire

Bcun*e Berckmans

Moccas
L'Inconnue

Thompson's
Beurre Duval
Eorelle

Suffolk Thorn
Henriette Bouvier
Huj she's Bergamot

II. COLLECTIONS OF TWELVE VARIETIES FOR PYRAMIDS,
BUSHES, OR, ESPALIERS.

Citron des Carmes

Hampden's Bergamot

Beurre d'Amanlis

Louise Bonne of Jersey

Seckle

Van Mons Leon le Clerc

Doyenne d'Ete

Jargonelle
Beurre Giffard
Williams' Bon Chretien
Albertine
Beurre Hardy

1.

2.

De Spoelberg
Dr. Trousseau
Beurre Berckmans
Winter Nelis
Beurre Sterckmans
Easter Beurre.

Beurre Diel
Soltlat Esperen
Henriette Bouvier
Glou Morceau
Ne Plus Meuris
Bergamotte Esperen

PEARS.

225

Early Rousselet

Siimmei' Bose

Flemish Beauty

Pencil

Henry the Fourth

Dai'ouue de Mello

Duchesse d'Aiigouleme

Noureau Poiteau

Beurre Bosc

Jewess

Moccas

Zephirin Gregoire

Bloodgood
St. Denis
Beurre Superflii
Fondante d'Automns
Comte de Lamy
Mapie Louise

Suffolk Thorn

Thompson's

Catinka

Knight's Monarch

Josephine de Malines

Van de Weyer Bates

Yat

Beurre G-oubault

Vincuse

Jersey Gratioli

Eyewood

Rondelet

0,

Beurre Duval

Doyenne Defais

Forelle

Hwy she's Bergamofc

L'Inconnue

Beui'Ki de Ranee

Vallee Tranche
Bjurre Benoit
Navez Peintre
Doyenne Boussoch
Duchesse d' Orleans
Paradise d'Automne

Figue de Naples
Comte de Eland res
Rousselet Enfant Prodigue
Alexandre Bivort
Jean de Witte
Cassante de Maia

TIL VARIETIES REQUIRIXG A WALL, OR WHfCH ARE IMPROVED
BY SUCH PROTECTION.

Bergamotte Espex'cn

Beurre Bosc

Beurre Diel

Beurre de Ranee

Beurre Sterckmans

Brown Beurre

Colmar

Crassanne

Duchesse d'Angoulemo

Easter Beurre

Forelle

Gansel's Berganiot

Glou Morceau

Knight's Monai'ch

We Plus Meuris

Passe Colmar

Prince Albert

St. Germain

Tan Mons Leon le Clerc

Winter ISTelis q

226

PEAKS.

IV. VARIETIES FOll OKCHAUD STANDARDS.

Astou Town
Autumn Borgamot

Beurrc Capiaumont
Jjisiiop's Tlmmb
Caillot Rosat
Croft Castle
liiyewood

Hampden's Eergamot
Ilessle
Jargonelle

Jersey Gratioli

Jjammas

Louise Eonnc of Jersey

Safiblk Thorn

Swan's Egg

"VVilliains' Bon Chretien

Windsor

AVinter Neiis

Vallee Franclie

Yat

V. VARIETIES FOR STEWIXG AND TRESERVING.

Belmont
Bezi d'lleri
iJIack WoYCCstev
Catillac

Flemish Bon Chretien

Gilogil

A^erulam

"Winter Trauc Keal

Yl. VARIETIES FOR NORTHERN LATITUDES, AND EXPOSED
SITUATIONS IN THE MIDLAND AND SOUTHERN COUNTIES.

Those marJced * require a toaU.

Doyenne d'Ete

Citron des Carnies

Jargonelle

Williams' Bon Chretien

Bt'urre d'Amanlis

Louise ^onne of Jersey

Ilessle

Comte de Larav

Jersey Gratioli
Red Doyenne
Thompson's

Duchosse d'AngouIeme*
Marie Louisa*
Beurre Dicl'-'^
Knight's Monarch
Beurre de Ranee*

o.->7

SYNOPSIS OF TLUMS.

I. TEUIT EOUND.

* Suinmer sJioois smooth.

1. SSIN DArtK.

A. Freestones.
Angelina Bardett
Coi'se's Nota Bene
Danias de Zvlangeron
Italian Damask
Kirlie's

Late Orleans

Do Montfort

Tfeciarine

Peach

Pui'pb Gage

Queen Mother

Woolston Black Gage

B. Clinkstones.
Belgian Purple
Prost Gage
Lombard.

^Nelson's Victory
Px-ince of "Wales
Suise-e

2. Skik pale.

A. Freestones.
Abricotee do Braunau
Aunt Ann
General Hand
Green Gage
July Green Gage
Late Green Gage
Heine Claude de BaTay
White Damask
Yellow Gage

B. Clingstones.
Large Green Drying
Lncombe's Nonesuch
McLaudilin

** Si'.jnmer shoots clozcny,

1. Skin dars.

A. Freestones.
Blue Gage
Goe's Late Bed
Columbia
Damas IMusqiie
Damas de Provenca
Early Orleans
Orleans
Eoyale

Eoyale Hiltive
Eoyale de Tours
TardiYe dc Chalons

E. CUngstcncs,
Morocco

2. Sein pale.

A. Freestones.
Apricot

Dennistcn's Superb
Drap d'Or
Lawrence Gage

B. Clini/stones,
Hillings' Superb
Imperial Ottoman
White Eulkice

228

PLUMS.

II. FBUIT OTAL.

t Simmer shoots smooth.

1. Skin daek.

A. Freestones.
D'Agen

Autumn Compote
Coopcv's Large
Early Prolific
FotheringliDm
Italian Quetsche
Qnetsche

Eed jMagnum Bonum
Koyal Dauphin
Standard of England

B. CUnrjstones.
Blue Imperatrice.
Cherry

Ickworth Imperatrice
Imperiale de Milan
Pond's Seedling
Prince Engleberfc
Smith's Orleans

2. Sein pale.

A. Freestones.
Autumn Gage
Da mas Dronet
Dunmore
Jefferson
Mamelonne

St. Etienne
St. Martin's Quetsche
Transparent Gage
Wiiite Imperatrice

B. Clingstones.
Coe's Golden Drop
Downton Imperatrice
Emerald Drop
Guthrie's Apricot
Guthrie's Late Green
Mirabelle Tardive

St. Catherine

Topaz

White Magnum Bonum

Yellow Ijnperatrice

ft Summer
1. Skin daek.

A. Freestones.
Chest on

Damas de Septcmhre
Damson
Diamond
Diapree Eouge
Early Favourite
Isabella

Perdrigon Yiolct Hatif
Red Perdrigon
Eeine Claude Eouge
Stoneless
Victoria
Violet Damask

B. Clingstones.
Belle de Septembrs
Blue Perdrigon

shoots doicny.

Corse's Admiral
Goliath
Isabella

Precoce de Tours
Pr\ine Damson
Winesour

2. Skin pale.

A. Freestones.
Bleekcr's Gage
Gisborne's
Imperial Gage
Mirabelle Petite
Precoce de Bergthold
Washington
White Perdrigon
White Primordian

E. Clingstones.
White Damson

PLUMS. 229

Abricotee Blanclie. See AjDvicot.

Abricotee de Braunau. — Pruit about medium size,
roundish, and marked -with, a deep suture. Skin green,
like tlie Green Gage, covered with, a white bloom, and
becoming yellowish as it ripens, and sometimes with a
blush of red next the sun. Stalk an inch long, stout,
riesh greenish-yellow, rather firm in texture, juicy and
rich, with a fine and remarkable piquancy, and separating
freely from the stone. The kernel is rather sweet. Shoots
smooth.

A most excellent plum. Hipe in the beginning of
September. Its fine sprightly flavour is as remarkable
among dessert plums as that of the Mayduke is among
cherries.

Abricotee de Tours. See Apricot.

D'Agen {Agen Date ; Prune D' Ast ; Prune du JRol ;
Rohe de Sargent; St. Maurin). — Fruit medium sized,
obovate, and somewhat flattened on one side. Skin deep
purple, almost approaching to black, and covered with,
blue bloom. Stalk short. Flesh greenish-yellow, sweet
and well flavoured. Shoots smooth.

An excellent drying and preserving plum. Bipe in
September. It is this which, in a dried state, forms the
celebrated pruneaiix d'Agen.

Agen Date. See D'Agen.

Alderton. See Sharp's PJmjJeror.

Amber Primordian. See White Primordian.

American Damson. See Frost Gage.

Angelina BuRDETT. — Fruit above medium size, round,
and marked with a suture, which is deepest towards the
stalk. Skin thick, dark purple, thickly covered with
brown dots and blue bloom. Stalk about an inch long.
Flesh yellowish, juicy, rich, and highly flavoured, sepa-
rating Yrom the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert plum. Kipe in the beginning of
September, and if allowed to hang till it shrivels, it
forms a perfect sweetmeat. The tree is a good bearer
and hardy.

Anglaise IToire. See Orleans.

Apricot {Abricotee Blanche ; Ahricotee de Tours ; Old
Apricot; Yelloio Apricot). — 'Fvmt larger than Green

230 riuiis.

Gaf;o, roundisli, and sliglitly elongated, uitK a deep
suture on one side of it. Skin yeliowish, uith a tinge of
ted on the side next tlie sun, strewed '.vitli red dots, and
covered with a wliile bloom. Stalk about half an inch
long. Elesh yellow, melting and juicy, with a rich,
pleasant flavour, and separating from the stone. Young
shoots covered with a whitish down.

A dessert plum, requiring a wall to have it in perfec-
tion, and when well ripened little inferior to Green Gage.
Ripe in the middle of September.

AsL'ew's Golden Egg. See White Magmtm Bomrm.

Askew's Purple Egg. Sec Sed Marjmim Bonum.

Aunt Ann {Guthrie s Aunt Ann). — This is a largo,
round plum, of a greenish-yellow colour. The flesh of a
rich, juicy flavour, and separates freely from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

It ripens in the middle of September. The tree is very
hard}' and productive.

Autumn Compote. — This is a very large oval-shaped
plum, raised by Mr. Pavers, of Sawbridgeworth, from
Cooper's Large. It is very handsome, and the skin is of
a bright red colour. As a culinary plum, or for preserv-
ing, it is of the first quality. When preserved the pulp
is of an amber colour, flavour rich, and possessing more
acidity than the Green Gage does when preserved. It is
ripe in the end of September. Shoots smooth.

Autumn Gage {lioe's Autumn Gage). — Eruit medium
sized, oval or rather cordate, marked v.ith a shallow suture,
which extends to half the length of the fruit. Skin pale
yellow, covered with thin whitish bloom. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, not depressed. Elesh greenish-
yellow, juicy and sweet, with a rich and excellent flavour.
Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert plum. Pipe in the middle of
October. The tree is an excellent bearer.

Avant Prune Planche. See White Primordian.

D'Avoine. See White Primordian^.

Azure Ilative. See Plue Gage.

Battle Mor.unient. See Plue Perdrigon.

Becker's Scarlet. See Lomhard.

Beekman's Scarlet. See Lombard.

riuMS. 231

Belgian Purple {Bleu de Bclgiqiie). — Fruit medium
sized, rouudisli, marked with a shallow suture, one side
of which is a little swollen. Skin deep purple, covered
with blue bloom. Stalk about an inch long, inserted in
a cavity. Flesh greenish, rather coarse, very juicy,
sweet, and rich, slightl}- adherent to the stone. Shoots
smooth. Ripe in the middle of August.

Belle de Septembre {Reina Nova; Gros Houge do
Septenihre). — Fruit large, roundish-oval, marked with a
shallow suture. Skin thin, violet-red, thickly covered
with yellow dots, and a thin blue bloom. Stalk half an
inch long, slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh
yellowish-white, firm, juicy, sweet, and aromatic. Shoots
downy.

A first-rate plum for cooking or preserving ; it furnishes
a fine crimson juice or syrup. Uipe in the beginning
and middle of October.

Black Damask. See Morocco.
Black Morocco. See Morocco.
Black Perdrigon. See Blue Gage.
Bleeker's Gage. See BlceJcers Yellow Gage.
Bleeker's Scarlet. See Lomhard.

Bleeker's Yellow Gage {Bleelccrs Gage; German
Gage). — Fruit medium sized, roundish-oval, marked with
a faint suture. Skin yellow, containing numerous im-
bedded white specks, and covered with thin wliite bloom.
Stalk downy, an inch and a quarter long, not depressed.
Flesh yellow, rich, and sweet, separating freely from the
stone. Shoots downy. Eipe in the middle of September.

Bleu de Belgique. See Belgian Purple.

Blue Gage {Azure Sdtive ; Blade Perdrigon ; Cooper s
Blue Gage). — Fruit of medium size, quite round. Skin
dark purple, covered with a blue bloom. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long. Flesh j^ellowish-green, juicy,
briskly and somewhat richly flavoured, separating from
the stone. Shoots downy.

A second-rate plum. Eipe in the beginning of August.

Blue Tmpeeatrice {Lnperatrice ; Empress). — Fruit
medium sized, obovate, tapering considerably towards
the stalk, and marked with a shallow suture. Skin deep
purple, covered with a thick blue bloom. Stalk about an
inch long, not depressed. Flesh greenish-yellow, of a

232 PLUMS.

rich sugary flavour, and adhering to the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A first-rate plum either for the dessert or preserving,
^ipe in October. The tree requires a wall, and the fruit
"will hang long on the tree, when it becomes shrivelled
and very rich in flavour.

Blue Perdrigon {JDrignole Violette ; Battle Monu-
ment; Terdrigon Violette; Violet Perdrigon). — Fruit
medium sized, oval, widest at the apex, flattened on the
side marked with the suture, which is shallow. Skin
reddish-purple, marked with minute yellow dots, and
covered with thick greyish-white bloom. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small and rather
deep cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, rich, and sugary.
Shoots downy.

A good old plum, suitable either for the dessert or
preserving. The tree requires to be grown against an
east or a south-east wall; the bloom is very tender and
susceptible of early spring frosts.

Bolmar. See Washington.

Bolraar's "Washington. See Washington.

Bonum Magnum. See White Magnum Bonum

Bradford Gage. See Green Gage.

Bricette. See Mirahelle Tardive.

Brignole. See White Perdrigon.

Brignole Violette. See Blue Perdrigon.

Brugnon Green Gage. See Green Gage.

Bullace. See White Bidlace.

Bury Seedling. See Goes Golden Drop.

Caledonian. See Goliath.

De Catalogue. See White Priinordian.

Catalonian. See White Primordian.

Cerisette Blanche. See White Primordian.

Chapman's Prince of "Wales. See Prince of Wales.

Cheery {Early Scarlet; Miser Plum ; Myrohalan ;
Virginian Cherry). — Fruit medium sized, cordate, some-
what flattened at the stalk, and terminated at the apex
by a small nipple, which bears upon it the remnant of
the style like a small bristle. Skin very thick and acrid

PLUMS. 233

pale red, and marked uitli small greyisli-wliite dots.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long, slender, and inserted
in a small cavity. Flesh yello'.v, sweet, juicy, and sub-
acid, adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

More ornamental than useful in the dessert, but is good
■when baked, or in tarts. Eipe in the beginning or middle
of August.

Cheston [Dennie ; Diapree Violeite ; Friars). — Fruit
medium sized, oval, and rather widest at the stalk ; suture
scarcely discernable. Skin purple, thickly covered with
blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long, slender, and not
depressed. Flesh deep yellow, firm, brisk, and with a
sweet, agreeable flavour, separating from the stone.
Shoots downy.

A dessert or preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning
and middle of August.

De Ch3'pre. See Damas Musque.

Coe's. See Goes Golden^DrojJ.

Coe's Golden Drop {Bury Seedling; Coe's; Coes.
Imperial; Fair s Golden Drop ; Golden Drop ; Golden
Gage). — Fruit very large, oval, with a short neck at the
stalk, and marked with a deep suture, which extends the
■whole length of the fruit. Skin pale yellow, marked
■^ith a number of dark red spots. Stalk about an inch
long, stout, and not depressed. Flesh yellow, rich,
sugary, and delicious, adhering closely to the stone.
Shoots smooth.

One of the finest plums, and adapted either for the
dessert or preserving. It ripens in the end of September.
It is much improved by being grown against a wall.

Coe's Imperial. See Coe's Golden Drop.

Coe's Late Red {St. Martin; St. Martin Rouge). —
Fruit medium sized, round, marked on one side with a
deep suture. Skin bright purple, covered with a thin
blue bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, not
depressed. Flesh yellowish, firm and juicy, with a sweetj
and sprightly flavour, and separating from the stone.
Shoots downy.

As a late plum, ripening in the end of October, and
hanging for a month or six weeks later, this is a valuable
variety.

Columbia {Columhia Gage). — Fruit very large, almost
round. Skin deep reddish-purple, dotted with yeU

234 PLUMS.

lowisL. dots, and tlilclfly covered witli blue bloom. Stalk
an inch long, inserted in a small, narrow cavity. Flesh,
orange, with a rich, sugary, and delicious flavour, sepa-
rating from the stone. Shoots downy, liipe in the
iiiddle of September.

Columbia Gage. See Columbia.

Cooper's Blue Gage. See She Gage.

CoorER's Large [Cooper s Large American ) Coopers
Large Bed ; La Delicicitse). — Fruit above medium size,
oval, considerably ealarged on one side of the suture,
which is broad and shallow. Skin pale j'ellow on the
shaded side, and dark purple on the side next the sun,
covered with numerous brown dots. Stalk an inch long,
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellowish-green, juicy,
with a rich and delicious flavour, separating from the
stone. Shoots smooth. Hipe in the end of September
and beginning of October. ^.

Coese's Admiral. — Fruit large, the size of Eed Mag-
num Bonum ; oval, considerably swollen on one side of
the suture, which is deep and well defined. Skin light
purple, dotted with yellow dots, and covered with pale
lilac bloom. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a small
cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, brisk and juicy, pleasantly
flavoured, and adhering closely to the stone. Shoots
downy.

A preserving plum. Bipe in the end of September.

Corse's Nota Bene. — Fruit large, round. Skin,
brownish-purple, with somewhat of a greenish tinge on
the shaded side, and thickly covered with pale blue
bloom. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a small round
cavity. Flesh greenish, firm and juicy, with a rich,
sugary flavour, separating from, the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A dessert plum. Bipe in the middle and end of
September.

Damas Blanc. See White Damaslc.

Damas Blanc Gros. See White DamasJc.

Damas Blanc Hatif Gros. See White DamasJc.

Damas Deonet. — Fruit small, oval, and without any
apparent suture. Skin bright green, changing to yel-
lowish as it ripens, covered with a very thin light bloom.
Stalk half an inch long, slender, inserted in a narrow and

TLUiis. 235

rather deep cavity. Flesh greenish, transparent, firm,
very sugary, and separating freely from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A dessert plum. Eipe in the end of August.

Damas d'ltalie. See Italian DamasJc.

Da:mas de MANGEEOiSr [Mangeron). — Fruit above
medium size, round, and inclining to oblate, without
any apparent suture. Skin adhering to the flesh, lively
purple, strewed with minute yellowish dots, and thickly
covered with blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long,
slender, inserted iii a small cavity. Flesh greenish-
yellow, firm, not very juicy, but sugary, and separating
from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A baking or preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning
and middle of September.

DAiiAS MusQUE (De CInjpre ; Prune de IJaltJie). —
Fruit small, roundish, flattened at both ends, and marked
with a deep suture. Skin deep purple or nearly black,
thickly covered with blue bloom. Stalk half an inch
long, inserted in a small cavit3^ Flesh yellow, firm, very
juicy, with a rich and musky flavour, and separating from
the stone. Shoots slightly downy.

A dessert or preserving plum. Hipe in the end of
August and beginning of ISeptember.

Damas de Pkove2s^cs {JDamas de Provence Hdtif). —
Fruit above medium size, roundish, and marked on one
side with a deep suture. Skin reddish-purple, covered
with blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a
small cavity. Flesh yellowish-green, sweet and pleasantly
flavoured^ separating from the stone. Shoots slightly
downy.

A baking plum. Ripe in the end of July and begin-
ning of August.

Damas de Septembke {Prune de Yacance). — Fruit
small, oval, marked on one side with a distinct suture.
Skin brownish-purple, thickly covered with blue bloom.
Stalk half an inch long, slender, inserted in a narrow and^
rather deep cavity. Flesh j^ellow, firm, rich, and agree-
ably flavoured Avhen well ripened, and separating from
the stone. Shoots downy.

A dessert or preserving plum. Eipe in the end of
September.

Damas de Tours. See Precoce de Tours.

236 PLUMS.

Damas Yert. See Green Gage.

Daraaseen. See Prune Damson.

Dame Aubert. See White Magnum Bonum.

Dame Aubert Blanclie. See White Magntim Bonum.

Darae Aubert Violette. See Bed Magnum Bomun.

Damson {Conimo)i Damson; Bound Damson). — Fruit
very small, rouudisli-ovate. Skin deep dark purple or
black, covered Avitli thiu bloom. Flesli greenish-yellow,
juic}^ very acid, and rather austere till hipjhl}'^ ripened,
and separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A well-kuowu preserving plum. Ripe in the end of
September.

Dauphine. See Green Gage.

La Delicieuse. See Cooper s Large.

Dennie. See Cheston.

Denniston's Supekb. — Fruit above medium size,
round, and a little flattened, marked with a distinct
suture, which extends quite round the fruit. Skin pale
yellowish-green, marked with a few purple thin blotches
and dots, and covered with bloom. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellow,
firm, not very juicy, but rich, sugar}^ and vinous, sepa-
rating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A first-rate dessert plum. Kipe in the middle of
August.

Diamond. — Fruit very large, oval, marked on one side
with a distinct suture, which is deepest towards the stalk.
Skin dark purple, approaching to black, and covered with
pale blue bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch long,
inserted in a narrow and deep cavity. Flesh deep yel-
low, coarse in texture, juicy, and with a brisk agreeable
acid flavour ; it separates with difficulty from the stone.
Shoots downy.

One of the best preserving or cooking plums. EIpe in
the middle of September.

Diaper. See Diapree Bouge.

DiAPEEE EorGE [Diaper ; Imp)erial Diadem ; Mimms ;
Bed Diaper; Boclie Corhon). — Fruit large, obovate.
Skin pale red, thickly covered with brown dots, so much
so as to make it appear of a dull colour, and covered with
thin blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a

PLUMS. 237

sliglifc cavity. Plesli greenish-yellow, firm, and fine-
grained, separating, but not freely, from the stone, juicy,
and of a rich, sugary flavour. Shoots downy.

A good plum for preserving, or the dessert. Ripe in
the middle of September.

Diapree Violette. See Cheston.

DowNTON Impeeateice. — Fruit medium sized, oval,
narrowing a little towards the stalk, and slightly marked
with a suture on one side. Skin thin and tender, pale
yellow. Flesh yellow, separating from the stone, juicy
and melting, Avith a sweet and agreeable subacid flavour.
Shoots smooth.

An excellent preserving plum, but only second-rate for
the dessert, llipe in October.

Deap d'Oe {Cloth of Gold ; Mirahelle Double; Mira-
helle Grosse ; Yellow Perdrigon). — Fruit below medium
size, round, indented at the apex, and marked on one
side by a distinct but very shallow suture. Skin tender,
fine bright yellow, marked with numerous crimson spots,
and covered with thin white bloom. Stalk slender, half
an inch long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellow,
melting, with a rich, sugary flavour, separating from the
stone. Shoots downy.

A good dessert plum. Bipe in the middle of August.

DuNMOEE. — Fruit medium sized, oval. Skin thick,
greenish-yellow, becoming of a bright golden yellow when
ripe. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a small cavity.
Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured,
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert plum. Eipe in the end of Sep-
tember and beginning of October.

Early Damask. See Morocco.

Eaely Favoeite {Bivers' Early Favorite; Hiver/
iVo. 1). — Fruit rather below medium size, roundish-oval,
and marked with a shallow suture. Skin deep dark
purple, almost black, marked with russet dots, and
covered with thin bloom. Flesh greenish-yellow, juicy,
sweet, and of excellent flavour, separating from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

An excellent early plum, raised by Mr. Bivers, of
Sawbridgeworth, from Precoce de Tours. It ripens in
tlie end of July ; and is deserving of a wall, when it
will ripen in the middle of the month.

238 PLUiis.

Early Morocco. See Morocco.

Eaely Orleans {Grinncood Early Orleans ; Hampton
Court'; Monsieur lldtif ; Monsieur Hat if de Montmo'
Q'encij ; Neio Orleans; WilmoVs Earlij Orleans; Wilmofs
Orleans). — Fruit medium sized, round, flattened at the
apex, and marked uitli a suture, wliicb. extends tlie
v.hole length of one side. Skin deep purple, mottled
Avith darker colour, and covered 'v\itli thin blue bloom.
Stalk slender, about half an mch long, inserted in a rather
deep cavity. Flesh yellowish-green, tender, of a rather
rich flavour, and separating freely from the stone. Shoots
downy.

A second-rate dessert plum, but excellent for culinary
purposes, llipc in the beginning and middle of August.

Eaely Peolific {Rivers' Earl?/ ProUJic; Eivers'
jVo. 2). — Fruit medium sized, roundish-oval. Skin deep
purple, covered with thin bloom. Stalk half an inch
long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellowish, juicy,
sweet, with a pleasant brisk acidity, separating from the
stone. Shoots smooth.

A valuable early j)lum, ripening in the end of July.
The tree is great bearer, and very hardy, rarely ever
missing a crop. It was raised b}'- Mr. liivers, of Saw-
bridgeworth, from Precoce de Tours.

Early Eoyal. See Eoyale Ildtive,

Early Eussian. See Qnetsche.

Early Scarlet. See Cherry.

Early Yellow. See White JPrimordian.

Egg Plum. See White Magnum Bonuni.

Emeeald Deop. — Fruit medium sized, oval, marked
with a deep suture, which is higher on one side than the
other. Skin pale yellowish-green. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, inserted in a very shallow cavit3^ Flesh
greenish-yellow, juic}'", sweet, and of good flavour, sepa-
rating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

Eipe in the end of August and beginning of September.

Empress. See Blue Imjjeratrice.
Fair's Golden Drop. See Coe's Golden Drop.
Fellemberg. See Italian Quetsche.
Florence. See JRed Magnum ]3oniim.
Flushing Gage. See Imperial Gage.

PLUMS. 239

Fontliill. See Pond's Seedling.
Potheringay. See Fotheringhain.

FoTHERiXGHAM {Fotlicrhigay ; Grove ^ouse Viirjple ;
Med Fotlieringliam ; Sheen). — iFniit medium sized, obo-
vate, with a well-defined suture, wliicli is liiglier on one
side tkan the other. Skin deep reddish-purple on the
side next the sun, and bright red where shaded, covered
with thin blue bloom. Stalk an inch long, not deeply
inserted. Flesh pale greenish-yellow, not juicy, sugary,
with a pleasant subacid flavour, and separating froin the
stone. Shoots smooth.

A good dessert plum. Eipe in the middle of August.

Franklin. See WasJnngton.
Friar's. See Cheston.

Frost Gage {American Damson ; Frost Flum). — ■
Fruit small, roundish-oval, and marked with a distinct
suture. Skin deep purple, strewed with russet dots, and
covered with a thin bloom. Stalk about three quarters of
an inch long. Flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, and
rather richly flavoured, adhering to the stone. Shoots
smooth.

An excellent little plum. Eipe in October. The tree
is a great bearer.

Frost Plum. See Frost Gage.

General Hafd. — Fruit very large, roundish-oval,
marked with a slight suture. Skin deep golden yellow,
marbled with greenish-yellow. Stalk long, inserted in
a shallow cavity. Flesh pale yellow, coarse, not very
juicy, sweet, aud of a good flavour, and separating from
the stone. Shoots smooth.

A preserving plum. Ilipe in the beginning and middle
of September.

German Gage. See Bleelcers Yellow Gage.

German Prune. See Q,uetsche.

German Quetsche. See Quetsche.

Gisborne's {Gishorne's Farly ; Patersons). — Fruit
rather below medium size, roundish-oval, marked with a
distinct suture. Skin greenish-yellow, but changing as
it ripens to fine amber, with a few crimson spots, and
numerous grey russet dots interpersed. Stalk half an
inch to three quarters long, inserted in a ver}' shallow

240 PLUMS.

cavity. Flesh yellow, firm, coarse-grained, and not very
juicy, briskly acid, witli a slight sweetness, and separating
from the stone. Shoots downy.

A cooking plum. Eipe in the middle of August. The
tree is an early and abundant bearer.

Gisborne's Early. See Gishornes.
Gloire de New York. See Kulings Swperh.
Golden Drop. See Goes Golden Dro]).
Golden Gage. See Coes Golden Drop.

GoLTATTi {Caledonian : St. Cloud; Steers' JEmperor ;
WihnoVs Late Orleans). — Fruit large, oblong, with a
well-marked suture, one side of which is higher than the
other. Skin deep reddish-purple, but paler on the shaded
side, and covered with thin blue bloom. Stalk three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh
yellow, juicy, brisk, and of good flavour, adhering to the
stone. ShooLs down3^

A fine sho^'y plum, and though only of second-rate
quality for the dessert, is excellent for preserving and
other culinary purposes. Eipe in the end of August,
This is sometimes, but erroneously, c^Wedi Nect arine Flum.

Gonne's Green Gage. See Yellow Gage.

Great Damask. See Green Gage.

Geeen Gage {Abricot Vert; Bradford Green Gage;
JBrugnon Green Gage; Damas Vert; Daupldne ; Great
Green Damash ; Grosse Heine; Ida Green Gage; Isle-
ivorih Green Gage; Mirahelle Vert Double; Queen
Claudia; Heine Claude; Heine Claude Grosse; Hens-
selaar Gage; Schuyler Gage; Sucrin Vert; Tromphe
Gargon ; Trompe Valet; Verdacia ; VerdocJiio ; Vert
JBonne ; Verte Tiquetee ; Wilmofs Green Gage). — Fruit
medium sized, round, and a little flattened at both ends ;
dimpled at the apex, and marked on one side by a shallow
suture, which extends from the stalk to the apex. Skin
tender, yellowish-green, but, when fully ripe, becoming
of a deeper yellow, cloudcdwith green, and marked with
crimson spots, and covered with thin ashy-grey bloom.
Stalk half an inch to three quarters long, inserted in a
small cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, melting,
and very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and most delicious
flavour; it separates freely from the stone. Shoots smooth.

One of the richest of all the plums. Hipe in the middle
and end of Ausust.

PLUMS. 241

Grimwood's Early Orleans. See Early Orleans.
Grosse Luisante. See White 3fagnum Bonum.
Grosse Eeine. See Green Gage.
Grosse Kouge de Septembre. See Belle de Sepfemhre.
Grove House Purple. See FotJieringham.

Guthrie's Apeicot. — Fruit above medium size,
roundish-oval. Skin yellow, strewed with crimson dots,
and covered with thin bloom. Stalk rather long, set in
a small depression. Flesh yellow, rather coarse, juicy
and sweet, adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

A second-rate dessert plum. Eipe in the end of August.

Guthrie's Aunt Ann. See Aimt Ann.

Gutheie's Late Geeen. — Fruit above medium size,
round, marked with a suture, which is swollen on one
side. Skin yellow, clouded with green, and covered with
a thin bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch long,
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellow, firm, not very
juicy, but exceedingly rich and sugary, adhering slightly
to the stone. Shoots smooth.

A very fine dessert plum, rivalling the Green Gage,
and ripening about a month later — the end of September.
The tree is hardy, and a good bearer.

Hampton Court. See Early Orleans.
Howell's Large. See Nectarine.

HuLiNGs' SuPEEB {Gloive de Neio York; Keysers
Plum). — Fruit very large, roundish-oval, marked with a
Bhallow suture. Skin greenish-yellow, covered with a
thin bloom. Stalk short and stout, inserted in a small
round cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, rather coarse, but
rich and sugary, and with a fine brisk flavour ; it adheres
to the stone. Shoots downy.

A fine, large, and richly-flavoured plum. Eipe in the
end of August.

Ickwoeth's Impeeateice {KnigMs No. 6). — Fruit
large, obovate. Skin purple, marked with yellow streaks.
Stalk stout, an inch or more in length. Flesh greenish-
yellow, tender and juicy, with a rich, sugary flavour,
and adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent late dessert plum. Eipe in October. It
will hang till it shrivels, and is then very rich in flavour.

Imperatrice. See Blue Jmperatrice.

2i2 PLUiis.

Imperatrice Blauclie. See WhUe Tnqjeratrice.

Impeeial Gage {Flushing Gage ; Prince s Imperial
Gage). — Fruit above medium size, oval, marked with a
distinct suture. Skiu grecuisli-yellow, marked vritli green
stripes, and covered with thick bloom. Stalk an inch
long, inserted in a small, even cavity. Flesh greenish,
tender, melting, and very juicy, with a rich and brisk
llavour, separating from the stone. Shoots slightly downy.

A dessert x^lum. E.ipe in the middle of September.

Imperial Diadem. See Diapree Itouge.

Imperial Ottoman. — Fruit below medium size,
roundish. Skin dull yellow, covered with a thin bloom.
Stalk slender, curved, three quarters of an inch long,
inserted in a slight cavity. Flesh melting, juic}^ and
sweet, adhering to the stone. Shoots slightly downy.

An early dessert plum, ripening in the beginning of
August.

Imperial e. See Ited Magnum Bonum.

Imperiale Blanche. See White Magnum Bonum.

Impeeiale de Milan (Prune de Milan). — Fruit large,
oval, somewhat flattened on one side, where it is marked
with a rather deep suture extending the whole length of
the fruit. Skin dark purple, streaked and dotted with
yellow, and covered with thick blue bloom. Stalk about
an inch long, inserted in a narrow and rather deep cavity.
Flosii yellowisli, firm and juicy, richly flavoured and
sweet, with a slight musky aroma, and adhering to the
stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent late dessert and preserving plum. !Eipe
in the beginning of October.

Imperiale Ixouge. See JRedj Magnum Bonum,

Imperiale Yiolette. See Bed Magnum Bonuin.

Irving 's Bolmar. See Washington.

Isabella. — Fruit medium sized, obovate. Skin deep
dull red, but paler red where shaded, and strewed with
darker red dots. Stalk three quarters of an inch long.
Flesh 3'ellow, juicy, rich, and adhering to the stone.
Shoots downy.

A dessert and preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning
of September.

Isleworth Green Gage. See Green Gage,

PLUiis. 213

Italian Bamase {Damas cVItalie). — Fruit medium
sized, roundish, sliglitl}'- flattened at tlie base, and marked
■with a well-defined suture. Skin thick, membranous,
and rather bitter, of a pale purple colour, changing to
brownish as it ripens, and covered with fine blue bloom.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted
in a deep cavit3^ Flesh yellowish-green, firm, rich,
sugar}^, and excellent, separating from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A dessert and preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning
of September.

Italian Quetsche (Altesse Dozihle ; Fellemherg ;
QuetscJie d'ltalie ; Frune d'ltalie; Semiana). — Fruit
large, oval, narrowing a little towards the stalk, and
marked with a shallow suture. Skin dark purplish-blue,
marked with yellow dots, and covered with thick blue
bloom. Stalk half an iuch long, stout, and inserted in a
pretty deep cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, not very
juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured ; when highly ripened
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert or preserving plum, llipe in the
beginning of September, and will hang till it shrivels,
when it is very rich and delicious. This, I believe, to be
the true Semiana. It well deser^^es a wall.

Jaune de Catalogue. See White Primordian.

Jaune Htitive, See White Frimordian.

Jefferson. ^ — Fruit large, oval, narrowing a little to-
wards the stalk, and marked with a very faint suture.
Skin greenish-yellow, becoming of a rich golden yellow,
flushed with red on the side next the sun, and dotted
with red dots. Stalk an inch long, thin, and inserted
in a shallow cavity. Flesh yellow, firm and juicy, rich,
sugary, and delicious, separating from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A richly-flavoured dessert plum. Eipe in the begin-
ning and middle of September.

Jenkins' Imperial. See Nectarine.

July Geeen Gage {Heine Claude Hative). — Fruit the
size and shape of the Green Gage. Skin thin, of a fine
deep yellow colour, flushed with bright crimson on the
side next the sun, and strewed with darker crimson dots ;
the whole covered with a delicate white bloom. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, slightly depressed. Flesh

244 pr,U3tsf.

deep yellow, very; tender and juicy, sugary, and richly
flavoured, separating from tlie stone. Shoots smooth.

A first-rate and most delicious early plum, equal in
all respects to the Green Gage, and ripening in the end
of July.

Keyser's Plum. See Sulings Superb.

Kirke's. — Fruit above medium size, round, and marked
with a very faint suture. Skin dark purple, with a few
yellow dots, and covered with a thick blue bloom. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a slight de-
pression. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sugary,
and very richly flavoured, separating from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

A delicious dessert plum. Eipe in the beginning and
middle of September.

Kirke's Stoneless. See Stoneless.

Knevctt's Late Orleans. See Nelsons Victor^/.

Knight's Green Drying {Large Green Drying). —
Fruit large, round, and marked with a shallow suture.
Skin greenish-yellow, and covered with thin Mhite bloom.
Flesh yellowish, firm, not very juicy, sugary, and richly
flavoured when highly ripened ; adhering to the stone.
Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum. Eipe in the middle and end of Sep-
tember ; and succeeds best against a wall.

Knight's IsTo. 6. See IcJctoorth Imperatrice.

Large Green Drying. See Knight's Green Drying.

Late Green Gage (Reine Claude d' October; Reine
Claude Tardive). — Fruit of the same shape but smaller
than the Green Gage. Sldn greenish-yellow, covered
with thin white bloom. Stalk stout, three quarters of an
inch long. Flesh green, juicy, rich and sugary, separat-
ing from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum. Eipe in the end of September and
beginning of October.

Late Orleans {Monsieur Tardive; BlacJc Orleans). —
Fruit very similar in appearance to the Orleans, but
larger. The flesh is more richly flavoured and sugary.
Shoots smooth.

A valuable late dessert plum. Eipe in the end of
September and beginning of October, and will hang till
November.

PLUMS. 215

Lawrence's Favorite. See Lawrence Gage.

Lawrence Gage {Laiiarence s Favorite). — Fruit large,
round, and flattened at both ends. Skin dull yellowisli-
green, streaked with darker green on the side exposed to
the sun, veined with brown, and covered all over with
thin grey bloom. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a
narrow cavity. Flesh greenish, tender, melting, and juicy,
rich, sugary, and with a fine vinous, brisk flavour, sepa-
rating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A delicious dessert plum. Eipe in the beginning of
September.

Leipzig. See Quetsclie.

Little Queen Claude. See Yelloto Gage.

Lombard (Bleeker's Scarlet; BecJcmaris Scarlet). — ■
Fruit medium size, roundish-oval, and marked with a
shallow suture. Skin purplish-red, dotted with darker
Ted, and covered with thin bloom. Stalk half an inch
long, slender, set in a wide funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh
yellow, juicy, and pleasantly flavoured, adhering to the
stone. Shoots smooth.

A preserving or culinary plum. Ripe in the end of
August and beginning of September.

London Plum. See White Primordian.

Long Damson. See Prune Damson.

Lucombe'8 Nonesuch. — Fruit above medium size,
round, and compressed on the side, where it is marked
with a broad suture. Skin greenish-yellow, streaked
with orange, and covered with a greyish-white bloom.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather
wide cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, rich,
and sugary, with a pleasant briskness, and adhering i&
the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert and preserving plum, bearing considerable
resemblance to the Green Gage, but not so richly flavoured.
Eipe in the end of August.

McLaughlin. — Fruit large, roundish- oblate. Skirt
thin and tender, of a fine yellow colour, dotted and
mottled with red, and covered with thin grey bloom. Stalkr
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a small round
cavity. Flesh yellow, firm, very juicy, sweet, with a rich
luscious flavour, and adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent plum, ripening in the end of August.

2i6 PLUMS.

Maitre Clauae. See White JPerdrigon,

Mamelon>:e {Mamelon Sageret). — Fruit medium sized,
roundisli-oval, tapering with a pear-shaped neck towards
the stalk, and frequently furnished with a nipple at the
apex. Skin j'ellowish-green, mottled with red next the
sun, and covered with grey bloom. Stalk short, inserted
without depression. Flesh yellowish, firm, very juicy,
sugary, and richly flavoured, separating freely from the
stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert plum, ripening about the middle
of August.

Mimms. See Diajoree Rouge,

MiEABELLE Petite {Mivohelle i Mirabelle BlancJie;
3Iii'ahelle Jaune ; Mirabelle Perle ; Mirahelle de Vienne ;
White Mirahelle). — Fruit produced in clusters, small,
roundish-oval, and marked with a faint suture on one
side. Skin of a fine yellow colour, sometimes marked
with crimson spots on the side exposed to the sun, and
covered with thin white bloom. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, inserted without depression. Flesh deep
yellow, firm, pretty juicy, sweet, and briskly flavoured,
separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A valuable little plum for preserving, and all culinary
purposes. Eipe in the middle of August. The tree forms
a handsome pyramid, and is a most abundant bearer.

Mirabelle Blanche^ See Mirahelle Fetite,
Mirabelle Double^ See Bra}-) d' Or.
Mirabelle Grosse. See Drap d' Or.
Mirabelle Jaune. See Mirahelle Petite.
Mirabelle d'Octobre. See Mirahelle Tardive,
Mirabelle Perle. See Mirahelle Petite.

MiEABELLE Taedive [Bricette ; Mirahelle d'Octolres
Petite Bricette). — Fruit small, roundish-oval, sometimes
quite round, and marked with a distinct suture. Skin
thin and tender, yellowish-white, dotted and speckled
with red, and covered with thin white bloom. Stalk
half an inch long, slender, inserted in a shallow and nar-
row cavity. Flesh yellowish-white, firm, very juicy,
with a brisk vinous flavour, and adhering partially to the
stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent preserving and culinaiy plum. Eipe in

pLUiis. 247

October. The tree forms a liandsome pyramicl, and is an
excellent bearer.

Mirabelle de Yienne. See 2Iiralc4Ie Petite.

Mirabelle Vert Double. See Green Gage,

Miser Plum. See Cherry.

Miviam. See 'Roy ale Ildiive.

Mogul Eouge. See Red Magnum JBonum*

Monsieur. See Orleans.

Monsieur a Fruits Jaune. See Yellow Orleans,

Monsieur Hatif. See Early Orleans.

Monsieur Hatif de Montmorency. See Early Orleans.

Monsieur Ordinaire. See Orleans.

Monsieur Tardive. See Late Orleans,

Monsieur Tardive. See Suisse.

Monstrueuse de Bavay. See Reine Claude de JBavay.

De Montfoet. — Fruit medium sized, roundish, in-
clining to ovate, with a well-marked suture on one side.
Skin dark purple, covered with a tiiin pale blue bloom.
Stalk half an inch long, not deeply inserted. Flesh
greenish-yellow, tender and melting, with a thick syrupy
and honied juice, and when it hangs till it shrivels is
quite a sweetmeat ; separates from the stone, which is
small. Shoots smooth.

A delicious dessert plum. Eipe in the middle of August.
It bears considerable resemblance to Hoyale Hative, but
is larger, and appears to be an improved form of that
Tariety.

MoEocco {Blade DamasJc ; Blade Morocco ; Early Da-
mask; Early Morocco). — Fruit medium sized, roundish,
flattened at the apex, and marked on one side with a
shallow suture. Skin very dark purple, almost black,
and covered with thin pale blue bloom. Stalk stout,
about half an inch long. Flesh greenish-yellow, juicy,
with a sweet, brisk flavour, and slightly adhering to the
stone. Shoots downy.

An excellent early plum. Eipe in the beginning of
August.

Myrobalan. See Cherry.

Neciabine {SoicelVs Large ; Jenkins' Imperial;

218 PLU3IS.

Peach; Prune Pcche). — Fruit large, roundish, and liand^
somely formed. Skin purple, covered with fine azure
bloom. Stalk half an inch long, stout, inserted in a wide
and shallow cavity. Flesh dull greenish-yellow, with a
sweet and brisk flavour, separating from the stone. Shoota
smooth.

A good plum for preserving and other culinary pur-
poses. Eipe in the middle of August. This is quite
distinct from the Goliath, which is sometimes called by
the same name.

Nelson's Victoey [Knevetfs Late Orleans). — Fruit
medium sized, round, and marked with a shallow suture.
Skin deep purple, and covered with blue bloom. Stalk
half an inch long, set in a shallow cavity. Flesh firm,
rather coarse, sweet and briskly flavoured, adhering to
the stone. Shoots smooth.

A culinary plum. Eipe in the middle of September.
The tree is a very abundant bearer.

New Orleans. See Early Orleans.

Noire Hative. See Precoce cle Tonrs,

CEuf Houge. See Red Islagnum Poniim.

Old Apricot. See Apricot.

Orleans {Ajifjlaise Noire ; Mojisieur ; 3fonsietir Ordi-
naire ; Prune d' Orleans ; Ped Damask). — Fruit medium
sized, round, somewhat flattened at the ends, and marked
with a suture, which is generally higher on one side than,
the other. Skin tender, dark red, becoming purple when
highly ripened, and covered with blue bloom. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a considerable
depression. Fksh yellowish, tender, sweet, and briskly
flavoured, separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A preserving and culinary plum. Eipe in the middle
and end of August.

PiLrker's Mammoth. See ¥/as7iington,

Paterson's. See Gishornes.

Peach.— Fruit large, roundish, inclining to oblate,
marked with a shallow suture on one side. Skin bright
red, dotted with amber. Flesh tender, melting, juicy,
very sweet and luscious, separating freely from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

An early dessert plum. Eipe in the beginning of August.
It is quite distinct from the Nectarine Plum, which is

PLUMS. 249

also known by tliis name ; and was introduced some years
ago by Mr. Elvers, of ^awbridgewortli.

Peach. See Nectarine.

Perdrigon Blanc. See WJiite Perdrigon

Perdrigon Eouge. See Ited Perdrigon.

Perdrigon Violet. See JBlne Perdrigon.

Peedkigon Violet Hatif. — Fruit medium sized,
roundisli-oval. Skin purple. Plesli rich, juicy, and
excellent, separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A first-rate dessert plum. Eipe in the middle of
August. The tree is veiy hardy, and an abundant
bearer. This is not the same as Perdrigon Hatif and
Moyeu de Bourgogne with which it is made synonymous
in the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, both of these
being yellow plums.

Petite Bricette. See Mirahelle Tardive.

Petite Damas Vert. See Yellow Gage.

Pickett's July. See White Primordian.

Pigeon's Heart. See Queen Mother.

Pond's Purple. See Pond's Seedling.

Pond's Seedling {FoniJiill ; Pond's Purple).— "Fimi
very large, oval, widest at the apex and narrowing to-
wards the stalk, marked with a wide suture. Skin fine
dark red, thickly strewed with grey dots, and covered
•with thin bluish bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch
long, inserted without depression. Flesh yellowish,
rayed with white, juicy, and briskly flavoured, adhering
to the stone. Shoots smooth.

A valuable culinary plum. Eipe in the beginning and
middle of September.

Peecoce de Beegthold. — This is a small, roundish-
oval plum of a yellow colour, similar in appearance to,
but of better flavour than. White Primordian. The flesh
is juicy and sweet, separating from the stone. Shoots
downy. It is very early, ripening before the White
Primordian in the latter end of July.

Peecoce de Toues {Damas de Tours ; Noire Hdtive ;
Prune de Gaillon ; Violette de Tours). — Fruit below
medium size, oval, sometimes inclining to obovate, and
marked with a shallow indistinct suture. Skin deep

250 PLUMS.

purple, almost black, thickly covered with blue bloom.
Stalk half an inch loni^, slender, inserted in a very slight
depression. Flesh dull yellow, rather juicy and sweet,
with a pleasant flavour, and adhering closely to the stone.
Shoots downy.

A second-rate dessert plum, but well adapted for
culinary use. Eipe in the beginning of August.

Peince Englebeet. — Fruit very large, oval, and
marked with a shallow suture. Skin of a uniform deep
purple, covered with minute russety dots, the whole
thickly covered with pale grey bloom. Stalk half an
inch long, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh
yellow, rather firm, sweet, juicy, with a brisk and rich
flavour, and adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent plum either for the dessert or for culinary
purpose, and " delicious when preserved." Eipe in Sep'
tember. The tree is a great bearer.

Peince of AVales {Chapman s Prince of Wales). — •
Fruit above medium size, roundish, inclining to oval,
marked with a distinct suture. Skin bright purple,
covered with thick azure bloom, and dotted with yellow
dots. Stalk short and stout, inserted in a slight cavity.
Flesh coarse-grained, yellowish, juicy, and sweet, with a
brisk flavour, and separating from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A dessert plum of second-rate quality, but suitable for
all culinary purposes. Eipe in the beginning of Septem-
ber. The tree is a very abundant bearer.

Prince's Imperial Gage. See Inqjerial Gage.

Prune d'Allemagne. See Quetscke,

Prune d'Ast. See d'Agen.

Peune Damson {Damascene; Long Damson; Skrop^
shire Damson). — The fruit of this variety is much larger
than that of the common Black Damson, and more fleshy.
It is generally preferred for preserving, and of all the
other Damsons makes the best jam. The flesh adheres
to the stone. Shoots downy.

The tree is not such a good bearer as the common
Damson. Eipe in the middle of September.

Prune de Gaillon. See Precoce de Tours.

Prune d'ltalie. See Italian Quetsche.

Prune de Milan. See Imjjeriale de Milan.

PLUMS. .25^1

Prune d' Orleans. See Orleans »

Prune Peclie. See Nectarine,

Prune Peclie. See Peach.

Prune du Eoi. See d'Age??.

Purple Egg. See Hed Magniun JBonum.

PuKPLE Gage {Reine Claude Violette ; Violet Gage).
— Fruit medium sized, round, slightly flattened at the
ends, and marked with a shallow suture. Skin fine
light purple, dotted with yellow, and covered with pale
blue bloom. Stalk an inch long, inserted in a small
cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, with a rich, sugary,
and most delicious flavour, and separating from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum of the greatest excellence, and particu-
larly richly flavoured if allowed to hang till it shrivels.
Hipe in the beginning of September.

Queen Claudia. See Green Gage.

Queen jMother {Pigeons Heart). — Fruit below
medium size, round, and marked with a slight suture.
Skin dark red next the sun, but paler towards the shaded
side, where it is yellow, and covered all over with red-
dish dots. Stalk half an inch long, inserted in a small
depression. Flesh yellow, rich, and sugary, separating
from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum. Kipe in September.

QuETSCHE {Early Pussian ; German Prune ; German
Quetsc/ie ; Leipzig; Prune d'Allemagne ; Sioeet Prune ;
TurMsh QuetscJie ; Zwetsche). — Fruit medium sized, oval,
narrowing towards the stalk, flattened on one side, where
it is marked with a distinct suture. Skin dark purple,
dotted with grey dots and veins of russet, and covered
with blue bloom. Stalk an inch long. Flesh firm, juicy,
sweet, and brisk, separating from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A culinary plum. Eipe in the end of September,

Quetsche d'ltalie. See Italian Quetsche,
Hed Damask. See Orleans.
Red Diaper. See Diapree Rouge.
Eed Fotheringham. See Pother ingliam.
Eed Imperial. See Red Magnum Boniim,

252 PLVMS.

Bed Magnum Bonum {Asl-eiv's Purple Egg;I)ame
Auhert Violette; Florence; Imperiale ; Imperiale Eouge;
Imperiale Violette ; 3Iogul Bouge ; (Euf Bouge ; Purple
JEqq; Bed Egg; Bed Imperial).— Frmt large, oval, and
narroTving a little towards the stalk ; marked yritli a dis-
tinct suture, one side of whicli is frequently higher than,
the other. Skin deep red where exposed to the sun, but
paler in the shade ; strewed with grey dots, and covered
with blue bloom. Stalk an inch long, inserted m a smaU
cavity. Flesh greenish, firm, rather coarse, not very
juicy, and briskly flavoured, and separating from the
stone. Shoots smooth. , . . i -jji

A culinary plum. Eipe in the beginning and middle
of September.

Bed Pekdeigon {Perdrigon JBow^e). —Fruit small,
roundish-oval. Skin fine deep red, marked with fawn-
coloured dots, and thickly covered with pale blue bloom.
Stalk an inch long, stout, inserted m a round cavity,
riesh clear yellow, firm, rich, juicy, and sugary, and
separating from the stone. Shoots downy. . ^ ^

A dessert plum. Bipe in the middle and end ot Sep-
tember.

Eeina Nova. See Belle de Septemhre.

Eeine Claude. See Green Gage.

Eeine Claude de Bavay {Monstrueuese de Bavay).-^
Truit large, roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin
greenish-yellow, mottled and streaked with green, and
covered with a delicate white bloom. Stalk half an inch
long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellow, tender,
melting, and very juicy, with a rich, sugary flavour, and
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A first-rate dessert plum of exquisite flavour. Eipe in
the end of September and beginning of October.

Eeine Claude Diaphane. See Transparent Gage.

Eeine Claude Grosse. See Green Gage.

Eeine Claude d'Octobre. See Late Green Gage,

Eeine Claude Petite. See Yelloio Gage.

Eeine Claude Eouge (Eeine Claude Bouge Van lions).
— Fruit very large, roundish-oval. Skin reddish-purple,
dotted with yellow russet dots, and covered with very
thick bluish-white bloom. Stalk thick, about an^ inch
long, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh tender, juicy,

PLUMS. 253

sugary, and deliciously flavoured, and separating from
the stone. Shoots downy.

An excellent dessert plum. Ripe in the end of August
and beginning of September.

Eeine Claude Tardive. See Late Green Gage.

E,eiue Claude Yiolette. See Purple Gage.

Rensselaer Green Gage. See Green Gage.

Robe de Sargent. See d'Agen.

Roche Corbon. See Diapree 'Rouge.

Roe's Autumn Gage. See Autumn Gage,

Rotherham. See Winesour.

Round Damson. See Damson.

RoYi-L Dauphine. — Fruit large, oval. Skin pale red
on the shaded side, marked with green specks, but darker
red next the sun ; mottled with darker and lighter shades,
and covered with violet bloom. Stalk an inch long, stout.
Flesh greenish-yellow, sweet, and subacid, separating
from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A culinary plum. Ripe in the beginning of September.

Royal. See Moyale.
Royal Red. See Hoyale.

RoYALE {Royal; Royal Red; Sir Charles Worsley's).
— Fruit rather above medium size, round, narrowing a
little towards the stalk, marked with a distinct suture.
Skin light purple, strewed with fawn-coloured dots, and
covered with thick pale blue bloom. Stalk about an inch
long, stout, and inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yel-
lowish, firm, melting, and juicy, with a rich, delicious
flavour, and separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A dessert plum of first-rate quality. Ripe in the middle
of August.

RoYALE Hative (Early Royal; Miviam). — Fruit
medium sized, roundish, narrowing towards the apex.
Skin light purple, strewed with fawn-coloured dots, and
covered with blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long, stout,
and inserted without depression. Flesh yellow, juicy
and melting, with an exceedingly rich and delicious
flavour, and separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A first-rate dessert plum. Ripe in the beginning and
middle of August.

254 YLuaig.

EoYALE DE TouES. — Fruit large, roundisli, flattened at
tlie apex, and marlred with a distinct suture. Skin light
purple, strewed with small yellow dots, and covered with
thick blue bloom. Stalk tliree quarters of an inch long,
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh greenish-yellow, tender,
very juicy, and richly flavoured, separating from the
stone. Shoots downy.

An excellent plum either for the dessert or for pre-
serving. Eipe in the middle of August.

St. Barnabe. See irhiic Primordian.

St. Catherine.— Fruit medium sized, obovate, taper-
ing towards the stalk, and marked with a suture which
is deepest at the stalk. Skin pale yellow, dotted with
red, and covered with pale bloom. Stalk three quarters
of an inch long, slender, and inserted in a narrow cavity
Flesh yellow, tender and melting, rich, sugary, and
briskly flavoured, adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert and preserving plum. Eipe in the middle
of September,

St. Cloud. See Goliaili.

St. Etienne. — Fruit medium sized, roundish-oval, fre-
quently somewhat heart-shaped. Skin thin, greenish-
yellow, strewed with red dots and flakes, and sometimes
with a red blush on the side next the sun. Stalk half an
inch long, inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh yellow,
tender, melting and juicy, rich and deliciouSj separating
from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A first-rate dessert plum. Eipe in the beginning and
middle of August.

St. Martin. See Coes Late Bed.

St. Martin Eouge. See Coe's Late Bed.

St. Martin's Quetsche. — Fruit medium sized, ovate,
or rather heart-shaped. Skin pale yellow, covered with
white bloom. Flesh j^ellowish, sweet, and well-flavoured,
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A very late plum. Eipe in the middle of October,

St. Maurin. See d'Agen.

Sans IS'oyau. See Stoneless.

Schuyler Gage. See Green Gage.

Semiana. See Italian Quetsche.

Shailer's White Damson. See WJiiie Damson,

PLUMS. 255

Sharp's Emperor. See Victoria.
Sheen. See Fotkeringluxm.
Shropshire Damson. See T'rune Damson.
Sir Charles Worsley's. See Boyale.

SiiiTn's Obleans. — Fruit large, oval, or roimdish-oval,
■^videst towards the stalk, and marked with a deep suture.
Skin reddish-purple, strewed with yeUow dots, and covered
with thick blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long, slender,
inserted in a deep cavity. Piesli deep yellow, firm,
juic}^, richly briskly flavoured, and perfumed, adhering
to the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent plum. Hipe in the end of August.

Standaed of England. — Emit above medium size,
obovate, and marked with a shallow suture. Skin pale
red, strewed with yellow dots, and covered with thin
bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, inserted in
a small cavil}'. Skin rather firm, juicy, and briskly
flavoured, separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A culinary plum. Ivipe in the beginning of September.

Steer's Emperor. See Goliath.

Stoneless [KirJces Sionelcss ; Sans Koyau). — Eruit
small, oval. Skin dark purple, or rather black, covered
with blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long. Elesh greenish-
yellow, at first harsh and acid, but when highly ripened
and when it begins to shrivel it is mellow and agreeable.
The kernel is not surrounded by any bony deposit.
Shoots downy. Eipe in the beginning of September.

Sucrin Yert. See Green Gage.

Suisse [Monsieur Tardive; Su'itzers Plum). — Eruit
medium sized, round, slightly depressed at the apex, and
marked with a very shallow suture. Skin of a fine dark
purple next the sun, but paler on tlie shaded side, strewed
with yellow dots, and covered with blue bloom. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather w ide
cavil)'. Elcsh greenish-yellow, juicy and melting, with
a rich, brisk flavour, and adhering to the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning of October.

Sweet Prune. See Qnetsc/ie.

Sw itzer's Plum. See Suisse.

Tardive de Chalons. — Eruit rather small, round,
inclining to oval, and marked with a well-defined suture.

256 PLUMS.

Skin brownisli-rcd, thinly strewed witli minute dots.
Stalk three quarters of an inch long. Flesh, firm, tender,
sweet, and well flaTOured, separating with difficulty from
the stone. Shoots downy.

A dessert or preserving plum. Eipe in October.

Topaz {Guthrie s Topaz). — Fruit medium sized, oval,
narrowing at the stalk, and marked with a distinct
suture. Skin fine clear j^ellow, covered with thin bloom.
Stalk an inch long, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh
yellow, juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured, adhering to
the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum, ripening in the middle and end of
September, and hanging till it shrivels.

Tkanspaeent Gage (Prune Transparente ; Seine
Claude Dia2Jhane). — Fruit rather larger than the Green
Gage, roundish-oval, marked with a shallow suture.
Skin thin and so transparent as to show the texture of
the flesh, and also the stone when the fruit is held up
between the eye and the light ; pale yellow, dotted and
marbled with r.ed. Stalk three quarters of an inch long,
thin, and inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh yellow,
rather firm and transparent, very juicy, and with a rich
honied sweetness, separating with difficulty from the
stone. Shoots smooth.

A most delicious dessert plum. Eipe in the beginning
of September.

Trompe Gar^on. See Green Gage.
Trompe Yalet. See Green Gage.
Turkish Quetsche. See Quetsche,
Verdacia. See Green Gage.
Verdochio. See Green Gage.
Verte Bonne. See Green Gage.
Yerte Tiquetee. See Green Gage.

ViCTOKiA [Aldei'ton ; Denyers Victoria ; Sharp's
Emperor). — Fruit large, roundish-oval, marked with a
shallow suture. Skin bright red on the side next the
sun, but pale red on the shaded side, and covered with
thin bloom. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, stout.
Flesh yellow, very juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavoured,
separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A culinary plum. Kipe in the beginning and middle
of September.

PLUMS. 35y

YioLET Damask {Damas Violet). — Fruit medium
sized, oval, narrowing towards the stalk, and slightly-
flattened on one side. Skin reddish-purple, covered with
delicate blue bloom. Stalk half an inch long. Flesh
yellow, firm, sweet, and briskly flavoured, separating from
the stone. Shoots downy.

A dessert or preserving plum. Hipe in the end of August.

Violet Gage. See Purple Gage.
Violet Perdrigon. See Blue Terdrigon.
Violette de Tours. See Precoce de Town;
Virginian Cherry. See Cherry.

WAsmxGTON {Bolmar ; Bolmars Washington ; Franh-
lln ; Irving' s Bolmar; Barkers Mammoth). — Fruit
large, roundish-ovate, with a faint suture on. one side.
Skin of a fine deep yellow, marked with crimson dots,
and covered with grey bloom. Stalk three quarters of
an inch long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity.
Flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavoured,
separating from the stone. Shoots downy.

A handsome plum, suitable for the dessert, but better
adapted for preserving. Eipo in the middle of September.

Wentworth. See White Magnum Bonum.

"White Bullace (Bullace). — Fruit small, round. Skin
pale yellowish-white, mottled with red on the side next
the sun. Flesh firm, juicy, sweet, and subacid, adhering
to the stone. Shoots downy.

A culinary plum. Eipe in October.

White Daiiask (Damas Blanc ; Damas Blanc Gros ;
Damas Blanc -Hdtif Gros). — Fruit rather below medium
size, roundish, inclining to oval, and swollen on one side
of the suture. Skin greenish-yellow, covered with white
bloom. Stalk half an inch long, stout. Flesh sweet,
pleasantly flavoured, and separating from the stone.
Shoots smooth.

A culinary plum. Eipe in the beginning of September.

White Dahson {Shailers White Dcfmson). — Fruit
small, oval. Skin pale yellow, covered with thin white
bloom. Stalk half an inch long, slender. Flesh yellow,
sweet, and agreeably acid, adhering to the stone. Shoots
downy.

A culinary plum. Eipe in the middle and end of Sep-
tember.

258 PLUMS.

White Impebatetce {Imperatrice Blanche). — Fruifc
medium sized, oval. Skin bright yellow, covered with
very thin bloom. Stalk half an inch loDg, inserted in a
narrow cavity. Flesh firm and transparent, juicy, sweet,
and separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum, requiring a wall, and ripening in the
beginning and middle of September.

White MagnumBonum (Askew's Golden Egg; Bonu)?i
Ilagnum ; Dame Aulert ; Dame Auhert Blanche; Egg
Blum; Grosse Luisante ; Imperiale Blanche; White
Mogul ; Yelloio Magnum Bomun). — Fruit of the largest
size, oval, with a rather deep suture extendhig the whole
length of one side. Skin deep yellow, covered with thin
white bloom. Stalk an inch long, inserted without de-
pression. Flesh yellow, firm, coarse-grained, with a brisk
subacid flavour, and adhering to the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A culinary plum, highly esteemed for preserving. Eipe
in the beginning of September.

White Mirabelle. See Mirahelle Petite.

White Mogul. See White Magnum Bonum.

White Perdeigon (FW^woZe; Maitre Claude ; Vev
drigon Blanc). — Fruit medium sized, oval, narrowing
towards the stalk, with a faint suture on one side. Skin
pale yellow, strewed with white dots, and marked with a
few red spots next the sun. Stalk three quarters of an
inch long, slender, inserted in a small cavity. Flesh
tender, juicy, rich, and slightly perfumed, separating
from the stone. Shoots downy.

An excellent plum for drj'ing and preserving. Bipe in
the end of August.

White Peimordian (Amber Primordian ; Avant
Prune Blanche ; D'Avoine; De Catalogue ; Catalo?iia)i;
Cevisctte Blanche ; Early Yelloio ; Jaune de Catalogue ;
London Plum; Pickett's July; St. Barnahe). — Fruit
small, oval, narrowing towards the stalk, marked with a
shallow suture. Skin pale yellow, covered with thin
white bloom. Stalk half an inch long, very slender,
inserted in a small cavity. Flesh yellow, tender, sweet,
and pleasantly flavoured, separating from the stone.
Shoots downy.

A very early plum, but of little merit. Kipe in tlie
end of July.

PLUMS. 259

AVilmot's Early Orleans. See Early Orleans.

Wilmot's Green Gage. See Green Gage.

Wilmot's Late Orleans. See Goliath.

Wilmot's Orleans. See Early Orleans.

WiNESouR [JRotherham). — Fruit below medium size,
oval. Skin dark purple, coverei^ with, darker purple
specks. Stalk half an incli long. Flesh greenish-yellow,
agreeably acid, and having red veins near the stone, to
which it adlieres. Shoots down}^.

A very valuable preserving plum. Eipe in the middle
of September.

"NYooLSTON Black Gage.— Fruit about medium size,
round, and marked with a shallow suture. Skin deep
purple, almost black, strewed with small dots, and covered
with blue bloom. Flesh melting, juicy, sugary, and rich,
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

A dessert plum of excellent quality. Eipe in tl:e be-
ginning of September.

Yellow Apricot. See Apricot.

Yellow Gage {Gonne's Green Gage; Utile Queen
Claude; Heine Claude Petite; Petit Damas Vert;
White Gage). — Fruit below medium size, round, and
marked with a shallow suture. Skin greenish-yellow,
thickly covered with white bloom. Stalk half an inch
long, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh yellowish-
white, firm, rather coarse-grained, but sweet and plea-
santly flavoured, separating from the stone. Shoots
smooth.

A dessert plum of second-rate quality. Eipe in the
beginning and middle of September.

Yellow Imperatrice {Altesse Blanche ; Monsieur a
Fruits Jaune). — Fruit large, roundish-oval, marked with
a suture, which is deep at the apex and becomes shallow
towards the stalk. Skin deep golden yellow, with a few
streaks of red about the stalk, which is half an inch long.
Flesh yellow, juicy and melting, sugary and richly
flavoured, and adhering to the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent dessert plum. Eipe in the middle of
August.

Yellow Magnum Bonum. See White Magmim Bonum.

Yellow Perdrigon. See Draj) d' Or.

Zwetsche. See Quetsche. '

OAi

GO PLUMS.

LISTS OF SELECT PLUMS,

Arranged in their order of ripening.

I. FOR DESSERT.

July Green Gage Abricot^e de Braunnu

Peach Jefferson

De Moutfort Kirke's

Denniston's Superb Topaz

Perdrigon Yiolet Hatif Coe's Golden Drop

Gi'een Gage Eeine Claude de BavaiT

Hulings' Superb Cooper's Large

Purple Gage Late Orleans

Transparent Gage Coe's Late Red

II. FOR COOKING.

Early Prolific Victoria

Early Orleans Diamond

Gisborne's Autumn Comp6te

Goliath Belle de Septembre
Prince of Wales

III. FOR PRESERVING.

Green Gage Winesour

White Magnum Bonum Damson

Diamond Autumn Comp6i€)
Washington

IV. FOR WALLS.

July Green Gage Italian Quetsche

De Moutfort Coe's Golden Drop

Green Gage Blue Imperatrice

Purple Gage Ickworth Imperatrice

V. FOR ORCHARDS AND MARKETING.

Early Prolific Victoria

Early Orleans Pond's Seedling

Gisborue'a Damson

Orleans Coe's Late Red
Prince of Wales

261

RASPBERRIES.

STKOPSIS OF KASPBEREIES.

I. SrMMEE BEAEEES.

1. Fruit Black.
Black Black Cap

2. Fruit Bed.

Bamet NorthumberlandFillbasket

Carter's Prolific Prince of Wales

CornvreU's Yictoria Eed Antwerp

Cashing Eound Antwerp

Fastolf Vice-President French

Franconia Walker's Dulcis
Knevett's Griant

3. Fruit Telloto.

Brinckle's Orange Sweet Yellow Antwerp

Magnum Bonum Yellow Antwerp

II. AUTUMNAL BEAEEES.

1. Fruit Black.

Autumn Black Ohio Everbearing

New Rochelle

2. Fruit Red.

Belle de Fontenay October Bed

Large Monthly Kogers' Yictoria

3. Fruit Yellow.
October Yellow

A Gros Frnits Eouges. See Red Antwerp.

American Black. See BlacTc Cap.

D'Anvers a Fruits Eonds. See Round Antwerp.

Autumn Blace. — This is a variety raised by Mr. Elvers
from the new race of Black Easpberries which he has for

2G2 KASPBKEEIES.

some years been experimenting upon. These Black Easp-
berries are evidently the result of a cross between the
Blackberry and the E-aspberry, possessing the rambling
growth of the former with the large succulent fruit of
the latter. The Autumn Black produces from its summer
shoots a full crop of medium-sized dark fruit of the
colour of the Blackberry, and partaking much of its
flavour. Kipe in October.

'Bk-RSiET {Barnet Cane ; CornweW s Prolific ; CornwelVs
Seedling; Large Red; Lord JExmoutlis). — The fruit is
large, roundish-ovate, of a bright purplish-red colour
This is larger than the Eed Antwerp, but not equal to it
in flavour ; it is, nevertheless, an excellent variety, and
an abundant summer bearer.

Barnet Cane. See Barnet.

Belle de Fontenay {Belle d' Orleans). — An autumn-
bearing variety of dwarf-habit, and with large leaves,
quite silvery on their under surface. The fruit is large,
round, of a red colour, and good flavour. Hipe in
October.

The plant is a shy bearer, and throws up suckers so
profusely as to be almost a weed; but if the suckers are
thinned out it bears better.

Belle d'Orleans. See Belle de Fontenay.

Black. — This is a hybrid between the Blackberry and
the Haspberry, and is the parent of all the black autumn-
bearing varieties ; although itself a summer-bearer. It
has long dark-coloured canes, and small purple fruit, with
much of the Blackberry flavour. This variety was ob-
tained at Wethersfield, in Essex, upwards of forty j-ears
ago, and has since been cultivated by Mr. Rivers, who
has succeeded in obtaining from it his new race of autumn-
bearing black varieties.

Black CAf {American Blach). — This is the Eubus
occidentalis, called Black Easpberry, or Thimbleberrj^,
by the Americans. The fruit has a fine brisk acid flavour,
and is much used in America for pies and puddings. It
ripens later than the other summer-bearing varieties.

Bkinckle's Oeange {Orange). — A variety introduced
from America, where it is considered the finest yellow
sort in cultivation. In this country it is smaller than
the Yellow Antwerp, and more acid. The plants throw
up an abundance of suckers. It is a summer bearer.

EASPBEBEIES. 263

Barley. See Red Antwerp.

Carter's Prolific. — Fruit large and round, of a deep
red colour, with a firm flesh of excellent flavour. A
summer-bearing variety.

De Chili, See Yelloio Antiocrp.

Cornwell's Prolific. See Barnet.

Cornwell's Seedling. See JOarnet.

Cornwell's Yictoria. — The fruit of this variety is
large, and of fine flavour, but its drupes adhere so closely
to the core as to crumble ofl* in gathering. A summer
bearer.

CusHiNG. — Fruit large, roundish, inclining to conical,
of a bright crimson colour, and with a briskly-acid
flavour. A summer bearer.

Cutbush's Prince of Wales. See P^^ince of Wales.

Double-Bearing Yellow. See Yelloto Anticerp.

Fastolf {Filhy). — Fruit large, roundish-conical, bright
purplish red, and of excellent flavour. A summer bearer.

Filby. See Fastolf.

Feanconia. — Fruit large, obtuse-conical, of a dark
purplish-red colour, and good flavour, briskly acid. A
summer bearer.

French. See Vice-President Frencli.
Howland's Bed Antwerp. See Ped Antwerp.
Knevett's Antwerp. See Med Antvoerp.

Knevett's Giant. — Fruit large, obtuse-conical, deep
red, and of good flavour. A summer bearer.

Large Monthly {Largefndted MontJily ; Elvers'
Monthly; do Toils le Mois a Gros Fruits jRougcs). — This
is a most abundant bearing autumnal variety, producing
fruit above the medium size, roundish-conical, of a crim-
son colour, and of excellent flavour.

Large Bed. See Barnet.

Late-bearing Antwerp. See Bed. Anttuerp.

Lawton. See JVeto Bochelle.

Lord Exmouth's. See Barnet.

Magnum Bonum. — A yellow summer-bearing variety,
inferior in size and flavour to Yellow Antwerp. The

264 raspberhtes.

fruit is of a pale yellow colour with firm flesh. The plant,
like Brinckle's Orange and Belle dc Fontcnay, becomes a
perfect weed from the profusion of suckers it throws up.

Merveille de Quatre Saisons Jaune. See October
Yellow.
Merveille de Quatre Saisons Eouge. See Octoher Bed.

New Eochelle (Laiotoii; Seacors Mammoth). — An
American autumn-bearing variety, having the rambling
habit of growth of the common Bramble. It produces
fruit in great abundance of a large oval shape, and a deep
black colour, very juicy, and agreeably flavoured.

This has not been sufficiently proved in this country to
admit of a correct estimate being formed of its merits.

NoETHUMBEELAND FiLLBASKET. — Fruit rather large,
roundish, inclining to conical, of a deep red colour, and
good flavour. The plant is a strong vigorous grower, and
an abundant summer bearer.

OcTOBEE !Red (Merveille de Quatre Saisons Rouge.) —
The fruifc of this variety produced from the old canes
left in spring is small and inferior ; but the suckers put
forth in June furnish an abundant crop of large-sized
bright red fruit, which commences to ripen in September
and continuing far into November, if the autumn be dry
and mild.

OcTOBEE Yeliow [Merveille de Quatre Saisons Jaune)»
— This possesses the same qualities as the preceding, and
is distinguished from it by the fruit being yellow. It is
not quite so large as the Yellow Antwerp, and in a fine
season is sweet and agreeable.

Ohio Eveebeaeing.— This is an American variety,
similar in all respects to Black Cap, with this exception
that it is an autumnal-bearing variety, and produces
abundant crops of fruit late in the season.

Orange. See 'Brinc'kles Orange.

Peince of Wales {CuthusJis Prince of Wales). — Fruit
large, roundish, inclining to conical, of a deep crimson
colour, and with a brisk, agreeable flavour. This is a
summer-bearing variety, remarkable for its strong pale-
coloured canes, which in rich soils grow from ten to
twelve feet in one season. It does not sucker too much,
and is very desirable on that account.

Red Antweep {Burley ; a Gros Fruits Rouges ; Mow-

KASPBEEEIES. 265

land's Hed Antioerp ; Knevett's Anttoerp ; Late Bearing
Antwerp). — Fruit large, roundisli, inclining to conical, of
a deep crimson colour, very fleshy, and with a fine brisk
flavour and fine bouquet. There are several forms of this
variety difi'ering more or less from each other both in the
fruit and the canes. The true old Red Antwerp produces
vigorous canes, which are almost smooth.
E-ivers' Monthly. See Large Monthly.

KoQEEs' YicTOEiA {Victoria). — This is an autumnal-
bearing variety, producing rather large, dark-red fruit of
excellent flavour, and earlier than the October Eed. The
plant is of a dwarf and rather delicate habit, and the
canes are dark coloured.

EouND Antweep {d'Anvers a Fruits Bonds). — Fruit
large and round, of a deep red colour j and much superior
in flavour to the Old Eed Antwerp.

Seacor's Mammoth. See Netv MocJielle.

Sweet Yellow Antweep. — The fruit of this variety
is larger and more orange than the Yellow Antwerp, and
is the richest and sweetest of all the varieties. The canes
are remarkably slender, and with few spines.

Yice-Peesident Feench {French). — Fruit large,
roundish, inclining to conical, of a deep red colour, fleshy
and juicy, and with an excellent flavour. It is a summer
bearer, producing very strong canes of a bright brown
colour.

Victoria. See Rogers* Victoria.

Walkee's Dulcis. — A summer-bearing variety, pro-
ducing red fruit inferior in size to the Antwerp, and not
sweet, as the name implies.

White Antwerp. See Yellow Antwerp.

Yellow Antweep {Do Chili; Douhle-hearing Yelloio ;
White Antwerp). — Fruit large, conical, of a pale yellow
colour, and with a fine, mild, sweet flavour. It produces
pale-coloured spiny canes.

LIST OF SELECT EASPBEEEIES.

Autumn Black October Yellow

Carter's Prolific Kogers' Victoria

Fastolf Kound Antwerp

October Eed Sweet Yellow Antwerp

•2^6

STRAWBERRIES.

Aberdeen Seedling. See Hoseherry.

Adaie. — Fruit medium sized, round isli-ovate, even and
ren;ular in its shape. Skin of a uniform, dark red colour.
Seeds not deeply embedded. Fleslideep red throughout,
rather soft and woolly, hollow at the core, not richly-
flavoured.

Admieal Dundas. — Fruit very large, roundish, in-
clining to conical, irregular and angular, sometimes cocks-
comb shaped ; the smaller fruit conical. Skin pale scarlet.
Flesh firm, juicy, brisk, and highly flavoured.

This is the best of all the very large strawberries, and
was raised by Mr. Myatt.

Ajax. — Fruit large, irregularly-roundish, very deeply
furrowed. Seeds deeply embedded, with prominent ridges
between them, which give the surface a coarse appear-
ance. Skin dull brick-reel. Flesh deep red, and solid
throughout, juicy, briskly flavoured, and tolerabl}' rich.

The plant is of a luxuriant habit, and bears badly in
the open ground ; but when grown in pots it produces an
abundance of fruit, and is a good forcer.

Alice Maude. See Princess Alice Maude.

Belle Bordelaise. Somewhat similar to Trolific JEaiit-
hois.

BiCTON Pine. — Fruit large, roundish and even in its
outline. Skin pale yellowish-white, sometimes faintly
tinged with red next the sun. Flesh tender and soft,
juicy, brisk, and with a pine flavour.

Black Pine. See Old Pine.

Black Peince {CuthilVs BlacJc Prince). — Fruit small,
obovate. Skin glossy, of a dark red colour, which, when
the fruit is highly ripened, becomes almost black. Seeds
rather prominent. Flesh deep orange, brisk, rather
rich, and with a little of the pine flavour.

A very early strawberry, a great bearer, and well
adapted for forcing.

STEAWBERKIES. 267

British Queen {MyatVs British Queen). — Yrmt large,
sometimes very large, roundish, flattened, and cockscomb
shaped, the smaller fruit ovate or conical. Skin pale recJ,
colouring unequally, being frequently -white or greenish -
white at the apex. Flesh white, firm, juicy, and with a
remarkably rich and exquisite flavour.

The great fault of this variety is that the plant is so
very tender ; it will not succeed in all soils and situations,
and it is generally an indiflerent bearer.

Captain Cook. — Fruit large, roundish-ovate, and irre-
gular. Skin deep scarlet, and frequently greenish at the
point. Flesh pale scarlet, solid throughout, juicy and
T'ichly flavoured, but not of first-rate quality.

Carolina. See Old Pine,

Carolina Supeeba. — Fruit very large, ovate, some-
times inclining to cockscomb shape, with an even surface.
Seeds not deeply embedded. Skin pale red, extending
equally over the whole fruit. Flesh clear white, very
firm and solid, with a fine vinous flavour and rich aroma,
equalling the British Queen.

The plant is much hardier, a freer grower, and better
bearer than British Queen.

CoMTE DE Paris. — Fruit large, obtuse-heartshaped,
even in its outline. Skin scarlet, becoming deep crimson
when highly ripened. Flesh pale red, and solid through-
out, with a briskly acid flavour.

This is a favourite with those who prefer a brisk fruit;
and it is an excellent bearer.

Crimson Queen [Douhledays No. 2). — Fruit large,
cockscomb shape, very much corrugated and irregular,
with a coarse surface. Skin bright cherry-scarlet.
Flesh red throughout, solid, and firm, with a briskly
acid flavour.

This is a late variety, and a great bearer.

Cuthill's Black Prince. See Blach Prince.

CuiniLL's Prince of "Wales. — Fruit medium sized,
conical. Skin bright red. Flesh firm, very acid, and
without much flavour.

Cuthill's Princess Koyal. See Princess Royal of
England.

Deptford Pine. — Fruit large, and cockscomb shaped,
the smaller fruit conical. Skin bright scarlet, glossy as

268 STEAWBEEEIES*

if varnislied, and even. Flesh scarlet, firm, and solid
throughout, with a rich vinous flavour, similar to British
Queen, with a little more acid.

A valuable firm-fleshed, highly -flavoured strawberry.
Excellent for preserving.

Downton. See Downton Pine.

DowNTON Pine (Doivnton). — Fruit medium sized,
conical, with an even surface. Skin deep scarlet. Seeds
embedded. Flesh scarlet, firm, and solid throughout,
briskly and richly flavoured.

Doubleday's No. 2. See Crimson Queen.

Dfchesse de TntriSE (Mat'quise de la Tour Mauhourg ;
Vicomtesse Sericart de Thury). — Fruit above medium
size, conical, with an even surface. Skin deep scarlet,
becoming deep red as it ripens. Seeds yellow, slightly
embedded. Flesh pale red throughout, firm and solid,
brisk, sweet, and richly flavoured.

This is an extraordinarily abundant bearer, and a valu-
able variety for general cultivation.

Eleanoe {Myatt's Eleanor). — Fruit very large, conical
or wedge-shaped, regular and handsome in its outline.
Seeds considerably embedded, with prominent ridges be-
tween them, which give the fruit a coarse appearance
on the surface. Skin scarlet, changing as it ripens to
deep crimson. Flesh scarlet, and becoming paler to-
wards the core, which \s, large and hollow j subacid, and
with a little of the pine flavour.

A large and handsome strawberry, but not possessing
any other merit.

Eliza. See MyaWs Eliza.

Elton {Elton Pine). — Fruit large, ovate, frequently
cockscomb shaped, with embedded seeds, and prominent
ridges between them. Skin bright crimson, and shining.
Flesh red throughout, firm and solid, with a brisk sub-
acid flavour.

A valuable late variety, and an excellent bearer.

Elton Pine. See Elton.

Empress Eugenie. — Fruit very large, irregular, an-
gular, furrowed, and uneven. Skin of a deep red
colour, becoming almost black when highly ripened.
Seeds small, not deeply embedded. Flesh red through-

STEAWBEEEIES. 269

out, hollow at the core, tender, very juicy, and briskly
flavoured.

Bather a coarse-looking and very large strawbg>rry,
not remarkable for any excellency of flavour.

Exhibition. See Great Exhibition.

^ Filbert Pine [Myatfs Seedling).— 'Frmt above medium
size, conical and regular in its outline. Seeds large and
prominent. Skin dull purplish-red next the sun and pale
red in the shade. Flesh pale, pink at the core, firm, solid,
rich, and briskly flavoured, with a fine aroma.
A very prolific and excellent late variety.

FiLLBASKET. — Fruit rather large, roundish, sometimes
flattened on the sides. Skin dark red. Flesh pale red
throughout, very acid, and without much flavour.

Goliath. See Kitleys Goliath.

Great Exhibition {Fxhihition). — Fruit medium sized,
oblong, ovate, or irregular. Seeds prominent. Skin
bright red. Flesh dull yellow, very woolly and worthless.

The plant is a great bearer, but otherwise not worth
growing.

Highland Chief.— Fruit large, roundish-ovate, and
somewhat flattened. Seeds not deeply embedded. Skin
fine, clear red, becoming darker red as it ripens. Flesh
dark red throughout, very firm and solid, veiy juicy and
vinous, and with a rich pme flavour.

A very excellent strawberry. The plant is a most
abundant bearer, and deserves universal cultivation.

Hooper's Seedling. — Fruit large, conical, rarely
flattened, but sometimes deeply furrowed. Seeds rather
deeply embedded. Skin dark red, assuming a very deep
blackish tinge as it ripens. Flesh crimson at the exte-
rior, but paler towards the centre, sweet, brisk, and
richly flavoured.

A good bearer, and an excellent variety for general
purposes.

Ingram's Prince Arthur. — Fruit medium sized,
conical, even and regular in shape, with a glossy neck.
Seeds not very numerous, nor deeply embedded. Skin
of a brilliant scarlet, like Sir Charles Napier, paler at the
tip. Flesh white, solid, very juicy, brisk, and with a rieli
pine flavour.

A first-rate variety, an abundant beareo", and forces well^

270 STRAWBEREIE3.

Ingram's Prince of Wales. — Fruit very large,
rouDdish, flattened and wedge-shaped, Ike smaller fruit
ovate. Seeds not deeply embedded. Skin deep crimson,
becoming darker as it ripens. Flesh, pale red, very firm
and solid, brisk, sweet, and richly flavoured.

An excellent variety, and admirably adapted for forcing.

Keens' Seedling. — Fruit large, ovate, sometimes in-
clining to cockscomb shape. Seeds not deeply embedded.
Skin dark crimson, becoming very dark when liigkly
ripened. Flesh scarlet, firm and solid, juicy, brisk, and
richly flavoured.

An old and well-establislied variety, wliicli, for general
purposes, lias not yet been surpassed.

Kitley's Goliath {Goliath). — Fruit very large, com-
pressed and wedge-shaped, the smaller ones ovate. Seeds
deeply embedded, which gives the surface a rough ap-
pearance. Skin deep red, colouring equally all over.
Flesh white, solid, briskly and richly flavoured, but not
equal to British Queen, to Avhich it is similar. It is,
however, a better grower and better cropper.

Mammoth [Myatt's Mammoth). — Fruit immensely
large, flattened, deeply furrowed and ribbed, irregular
and uneven in its outline. Seeds small and very slightly
embedded. Skin glossy, of a fine deep red colour. Flesh
scarlet throughout, firm and solid, even in the largest
specimens, and of a brisk and pleasant flavour, which is
rich in the well ripened fruit.

The foliage is small, and on short footstalks, and permits
the fruit to be well exposed to the influence of the sun.

Marquise de la Tour Maubourg. See Ducliesse de
Trevise.

Myatt's British Queen. See British Queen.

Myatt's Eleanor. See Eleanor,

Myatt's Eliza.— Fruit above medium size, ovate or
conical, with a glossy neck. Seeds not deeply embedded.
Skin light red, becoming deep red when highly ripened.
Flesh scarlet on the outside, but paler towards the core,
firm and solid, very juicy, and with a particularly rich
and exquisite flavour.

This is one of the richest flavoured of all the varieties.
The plant is a pretty good bearer, and hardier than the
British Queen, to which it is, under all circumstances,
superior in flavour.

STEAWBEBEIES. 271

Myatt's Globe.— Fruit large, roundisli-ovate, even
and regular, and with rather prominent seeds. Skin
pale red, or rose coloured. Flesh white, but not solid at
the core, of a rich and excellent flavour.

The plants are most abundant bearers.

Myatt's Mammoth. See Mammoth.
Myatt's Seedliug. See Filbert Fine.
Myatt's Surprise. See Sinyrise.

Ne Plus Ultra. — Fruit large, cylindrical or oblong,
frequently assuming a digitate shape. Skin very dark
red. Flesh remarkably firm and solid, with a rich and
pleasant flavour.

This is a singular variety, many of the fruit being so
divided at the apex as to appear like fingers.

NiMEOD. — I have not yet been able to meet with what
is said to be the true form of this variety, all the plants
I have seen in fruit having proved to be the same as
Fleanor.

Old Pine {Black Fine; Carolina; Scarlet Fine). —
Fruit medium sized, ovate, even and regular, and with a
glossy neck. Seeds prominent. Skin deep red. Flesh
pale red, very firm and solid, with a fine sprightly and
very rich pine flavour.

After all there are very ^ev7 that equal, far less surpass,
the Old Pine in flavour ; but it is not a good bearer.

Omae Pasha (i?2vaZ Queen). — Whereverlhave met with
this variety it has proved to be the same as Myatt's Eliza.

OscAE. — Fruit large, ovate and angular, sometimes flat-
tened and wedge-shaped. Seeds rather large, and deeply
embedded, which give the surface a coarse appearance.
Skin dark shining red, becoming almost black when fully
ripe. Flesh red throughout, very firm and solid, juicy
and richly flavoured.

An excellent variety for a general crop, coming in a
few days after Black Prince ; a most abundant bearer ;
and from its firmness bears carriage well.

Pein CESS Alice Maude {Alice Maude). — Fruit medium
sized, ovate or conical, and frequently large and kidney-
shaped. Seeds prominent or very slightly embedded.
Skin scarlet, becoming dark crimson when ripe. Flesh
scarlet throughout, tender, juicy, sweet, and with a rich,
brisk flavour.

272 STRAW BEEBIB8.

Princess Royal of England {CuthilVs Princess
Royal). — Fruit medium sized, rouudisli-ovate or conical,
with a neck. Seeds deeply eml3edded. Skin deep scarlet,
where exposed to the sun, and paler in the shade. Flesh
pale red at the surface, whitish towards the core, very
rich and highly flavoured.

An abundant bearer, and an excellent variety for
general cultivation.

Prolific Hautbois. — Fruit below medium size, conical.
Seeds prominent. Skin light purple in the shade, and
blackish-purple on the side next the sun. Flesh firm,
sweet, and with the rich peculiar flavour of the Hautbois.

Prolific Pine. See Roseherry.

Eival Queen. See Omar Pasha,

EiVERs' Eliza {Seedling Eliza). — This is a seedling
from Myatt's Eliza, but rather more ovate in shape, and
possessing all the character and flavour of that excellent
variety, but is a more abundant bearer, and of a hardier
constitution.

EosEBERRT {Aberdeen Seedling ; Prolific Pine). — Fruit
large, conical, and pointed. Seeds deeply embedded, with
prominent ridges between them. Skin dark red, becom-
ing blackish as it ripens. Flesh pale scarlet, firm, with
an agreeable flavour.

Royal Pine. See Swainsfone's Seedling.

Ruby — Fruit large, roundish, dark red. Flesh pale
red, soft, and woolly, with a large core, and inferior
flavour.

Scarlet Pine. See Old Pine.

Seedling Eliza. See Rivers' Eliza.

Sir Charles Napier. — Fruit very large, ovate, flat-
tened, and wedge-shaped. Seeds not deeply embedded.
Skin shining, of a fine bright pale scarlet colour. Flesh
white, firm and solid, briskly acid, and not highly
flavoured.

This is a fine handsome strawberry, well adapted for
forcing and for early market purposes. The plant is
remarkably tender, perhaps more so than any other
variety.

Sir Harry. — Fruit very large, roundish, irregular,
frequently cockscomb-shaped. Seeds large, and deeply

STRAWBEEBIES. 273

fcmbedded. Skin dark crimson, becoming almost black
when fully ripe. Flesh dark red, not very firm, but
tender, very juicy, and richly flavoured.

Sir "Walter Scott. — Fruit medium sized, conical, and
pointed, vrith prominent seeds. Skin deep red. Flesh
pale, firm, and inferior in flavour.

Stirling Castle Pine. — Fruit large, ovate or conical,
pointed, even and regular in shape. Seeds small, not
deeply embedded. Skin of a bright scarlet colour, be-
coming dark red as it ripens. Flesh pale scarlet, brisk,
and of excellent flavour.

Swainstone's Seedling {Royal Pine). — Fruit above
medium size, ovate, even and regular iu its shape. Seeds
small, and rather deeply embedded. Skin pale red. Flesh
pale, rather holloa round the core, and with a fine rich
flavour.

This is a good variety for forcing, and is a good bearer.

Teollope's Yictoeia. — Fruit very large, roundish-
ovate, even and regular in its outline. Skin light crim-
son. Flesh pale scarlet, tender, juicy, sweet, and richly
flavoured.

This is a good early strawberry, and an excellent
bearer.

Yiscomtesse Hericart de Thury. See Ducliesse de
Trevise.

Wilmot's Prince Arthur. — Fruit medium si^ed,
conical, even, and regular. Seeds small, not deeply em-
bedded. Skin deep red and glossy. Flesh scarlet, firm,
but hollow at the core, of a rich flavour when highly
ripened.

The plant is a great bearer, forces well, and the fruit
bears carriage better than many other varieties.

LIST OF SELECT STEAWBEEEIES.

Black Prince Highland Chief

British Queen Eeens' Seedling

Carolina Superba Myatt's Eliza

Deptforcl Pine Oscar

Fuchesse de Trevise Princess Eoyal of England

Elton Swainstone's Seedling

274

walnuts:

A Bijoux. See Large Fruited.

Common. — The common Tvalnut being raised from seeds
there are a great number of varieties among those grown
in this country, varying in size, flavour, thickness of the
shell, and fertility. To secure a variety of a certain
character, it must be perpetuated by grafting in the same
way as varieties of other fruit trees are propagated.

A Coque Tendre. See Thin Shelled,

Double. See Large Fruited.

DwAEF Peolific {Early Bearing ; Fertile; Prcspar-
turiens ; Precocious). — This is a dwarf-growing, early-
bearing variety, which I have seen produce fruit when
not more than two and a half to three feet high ; and a
tree in my possession, not more than six feet high, bears
abundant crops of good-sized and well-flavoured fruit.
This variety reproduces itself from seed.

Early Bearing. See Dioarf Frolijic,

Fertile. See Dioarf Prolijtc.

French. See Large Fridted.

Highflyer. — This variety ripens its fruit considerably
earlier tlian the others, and is of good size and well
flavoured.

De Jauge. See Large Fruited.

LaegeFeuited {a Bijoux; Doulle; French; de Jauge ;
a Tres Gros Fruit). — I^uts very large, two or three times
larger than the common walnut, and somewhat square
or oblong in shape. The kernel is small for the size of
the nut, and does not nearly fill the shell. It requires
to be eaten when fresh, as it very soon becomes rancid.

The shell of this variety is used by the jewellers for
jewel-cases, and is frequently fitted up with ladies' em-
broidery instruments.

Late {Tardif; Saint Jean). — The leaves and flowers of

WALNUTS. 275

this variety are not developed till near the end of Tnn.
after all danger from frost J has passed The nuts are of

Sue^fe the^^e^' " '"^ ^^^'"^*^^^' -^ - -P^o-

A Mesange. See TAin Shelled.

Prteparturiens. See Dwarf Prolific,

Precocious. See Dtcarf Prolific.

Saint Jean. See Late.

Tardif. See Late.
nhT^^"^ Shelled (a Coque Tendre ; h MSsanqe) -Nufq

A Tres Gros Fruit. See Large Fruited.

YoEKSHiEE.-This is of large size, but not so large as
the Large Fruited. It fills and ripens weU. ^

276

SUPPLEMENT.

APPLES.

Baeon Waed. — Fruit below medium size, ovate. Skin
smooth and sliining, of a fine uniform deep yellow colour.
Eye slightly open, and not much depressed. Stalk short.
Flesh tender, crisp, juicy, and agreeably acid. January
till May.

This is an excellent apple for culinary purposes, but its
small size is a great objection to it. It keeps well with-
out shrivelling.

Clissold's Seedling. See Lodgemore Nonpareil.

Duke of Devonshire. — Fruit medium sized, roundish-
ovate. Skin of uniform lemon-yellow colour, with a dull
red cheek ; the surface veined with russet. Eye large
and open, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk very short.
Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a
fine aroma.

An excellent dessert apple, in use from February till
May.

LoDGEMOEE NoNPAEEiL {CUssolcV s Seedling). — Fruit
about medium size, roundish. Skin deep yellow, dotted
with minute grey dots, and with a blush of red on one
side. Eye slightly closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk
short, deeply inserted in the cavity. Flesh yellowish,
firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a fine aroma.

A first-rate dessert apple, in use from February till the
beginning of June.

SUPPLEMENT. 277

APRICOTS.

Caniko Grosso. — This is a fine large apricot, ripening
at the same time as E-oyal ; remarkably robust in its
habit of growth, and likely to prove a desirable sort ; but
it has not been sufficiently proved iu this country to know
what its real merits are .

Pbecoce de WiTTEiiBERG. — This is an early variety of
the Peach Apricot, and as such is highly valuable. It
ripens ten or twelve days before that variety, and is of
the largest size.

GOOSEBERRIES.

Companion. — Large, roundish-oval. Skin hairy, of a
pale red colour in the shade, and brownish-red next the
sun. Flavour very rich and excellent.

This is one of the best gooseberries, combining size and
flavour. Its greatest weight is 26 dwts. 8 grs.

Freedom:. — Large and oval. Skin thin, smooth, green-
ish-white, with streaks of red on the side next the sun.
Flavour sweet and good. G-reatest weight 22 dwts. 22 grs.

Leader. — Large and round. Skin yellow, rather
thick and smooth. Flavour excellent. Greatest weight
23 dwts. 20 grs.

Lion's Provider. — Large and oval. Skin rather thick,
hairy, dark red, and somewhat transparent. Flavour
sweet and brisk. Greatest weight 25 dwts. 8 grs.

"Wonderful. — Large and oval. Skin smooth, rather
thin, transparent, and deep red. Flavour rich. Greatest
weight 28 dwts. 12 grs.

GRAPES.

Black Monukka. — Bunches very large, and well set ;
ovate, and broadly shouldered. Berries of an oblong-
ovate shape, like those of the Finger Grape, dark red or
nearly black, and set on long slender stalks, which are

278 SUPPLEMENT.

very brittle. Skin very thin, adhering so closely to the
flesh as to be inseparable when the fruit is eaten. Flesh
very firm and crisp, juicy, sweet, and nicely flavoured.
The berries are stoneless.

This is a strong, vigorous-growing vine, and very
productive.

Due DE Malakoff {Chasselas Due de Malakoff). —
This is a form of the Sweetwater, and in all respects so
nearly resembles that variety that it is not worth keeping
distinct. From what I have seen of it, it sets as badly
as the Sweetwater, and produces a bunch with a few
large and a great many small berries.

Early Green Madeira ( Vert Precoce de Madere). —
Bunches of good size, cylindrical, slightly compact. Ber-
ries medium sized, oval. Skin of a green colour, which
it retains till its perfect maturity, when it becomes a little
clearer, but still preserving the green tinge. Flesh with
a rich and sugary flavour.

This is one of the earliest grapes, and ripens in a cool
vinery from the beginning to the middle of August. It
will also succeed against a wall in the open air ; but, of
course, is not then so early. It bears considerable re-
semblance to the Verdelho, but is said to be earlier than
that variety. I have not been able to examine the two
growing under the same circumstances.

Ingram's HardyProlific Muscat. — Bunches long and
tapering, not shouldered, from nine inches to a foot in
length. Berries medium size, perfectly oval, and well
set. Skin quite black, covered with blue bloom. Flesh
moderately firm, juicy, sugary, and with a fine piquant
and rich flavour, having a faint trace of Muscat.

This is an excellent hardy grape, and remarkably pro-
lific. The wood is very short-jointed, and the vine suc-
ceeds well in a cool greenhouse. It has all the appearance
of being a good out-door grape.

Jura Frontignan (Muscat Noir de Jura). — Bunches
long and tapering, very slightly shouldered, and larger
than those of Black Frontignan. Berries above medium
size, oval, and well set. Skin deep purplish-black, covered
with thin blue bloom. Flesh tender, very juicy, richly
flavoured, and with a fine, but not powerful, Muscat
aroma.

This is a valuable grape. The vine is a prolific bearer ;

SUPPLEMENT. 279

the wood short-jointed; and will be well adapted for
growing in pots.

Mill-Hill Hamburgh. — Since the preceding portion
of this work has passed through the press I have had new
opportunities of examining the characters of this grape,
and in addition to the distinction of foliage I find there
are other difierences to separate it from the Dutch Ham-
burgh than those mentioned at page 109. The Dutch
Hamburgh has a firm, coarse flesh adhering to the skin;
but that of the Mill-Hill is perfectly tender, and both in
texture and flavour resembles the true Black Hamburgh,
while the berries are as large and of the same shape as
those of Dutch Hamburgh. It is a very fine variety, and
perfectly distinct.

Muscat Citkonelle. — Bunches small, and not shoul-
dered. Berries below medium size, like those of Boyal
Muscadine, round. Skin thin, and somewhat transparent,
white, and covered with thin bloom. Flesh very tender,
juicy, and sweet, with a slight Muscat flavour. An early
grape, ripening in a cool greenhouse in the middle of
August.

Veedal. — Bunches long, loose, and tapering, not shoul-
dered. Berries above medium size, oval, on long slender
stalks. Skin thin, green, covered with thin bloom.
Flesh tender, very juicy, sweet, and richly flavoured.

This is an excellent early grape, ripening in a cool
vinery in the middle of August.

PLUMS.

Mitchelson's. — Fruit above medium size, oval, not
marked with a suture on the side. Skin black when fully
ripe, dotted with a few very minute fawn-coloured dots,
and covered with a very thin blue bloom. Stalk half an
inch long, stout, and inserted in a depression. Flesh
yellow, tender, very juicy, sweet, and of good flavour,
separating from the stone. Shoots smooth.

An excellent preserving plum. Eipe in the beginning
of September. In general appearance it is like the
Diamond, but smaller, and does not possess that very
brisk acidity which characterises that variety. It is a

280 SUPPLEMENT.

prodigious bearer, the fruit being produced in clusters,
and it is invaluable as a market plum.

OuLLENs' Gage {Beine Claude d' Oullens ; Heine Claude
Precoce). — Fruit not so large as tlie Green Gage, but of
the same shape. When ripe the skin is of a rich yellow
colour, dotted with crimson on the side exposed to the
sun, and covered with a very delicate white bloom. Stalk
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather wide
depression. Flesh yellow, very tender and juicy, rich,
sugary, and delicious, adhering slightly to the stone.
Shoots smooth. Hipe in the middle of August.

This is a remarkably fine dessert plum, and valuable
for its earliness. The tree has a robust pyramidal growth.

STRAWBERRIES.

Culveewell's Sanspakeil. — Fruit long and tapering,
rarely assuming any other shape ; very much furrowed
and irregular on its surface. Seeds not deeply embedded.
Skin very dark red, becoming almost black when highly
ripened. Flesh very firm and solid, red throughout, and
very richly flavoured.

Feogmoee Late Pine. — Fruit very large, conical, and
cockscomb-shaped, with a glossy neck like the old Pine
Seeds not deeply embedded. Skin glossy, bright red.
becoming dark red and almost black when ripe. Flesh
tender, and very juicy, red throughout, richly flavoured,
and a good deal of the Pine aroma when well ripened.

This is a late variety, and an abundant bearer, coming
in with the Elton, but much less acid that that variety.

Highland Maey. — Fruit above medium size, conical,
and inclining to cockscomb shape. Skin dark red. Seeds
small, not deeply embedded. Flesh white, rather hollow
at the core, briskly and agreeably flavoured.

The plant is an abundant bearer.

EiGHAED the Second. — This is an improved variety of
Black Prince, to which it is similar in form and colour,
but of a larger size. It is above medium size, and almost
round ; of a dark red colour, and almost black when
highly ripened. Flesh pale scarlet, firm, but hollow
round the core.

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