Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Biological Survey Wildlife Research and Management Leaflet BS-41 Washington, D. C. * PW it April 1936 FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS — NORTHWESTERN STATES REGION No. 1 [Washington, Oregon, and Idaho] By W. L. McATEE, Principal Biologist and Technical Adviser Office of the Chief Contents (ae) Regions for which leaflets on fruits attractive to birds are available . . ITAL SCTE ISLC HE TLOTH. ae eM Ieee ong ba Ao aa a Cee a a Table 1.--Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States ° ° e « e ° . ° e ° ° ° ° . . . ° ° . ° . ° . . e e a Table 2.--Generally distributed native fruits of Wasnington, Oregon, and Idaho for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are Mg ean OMS ay gc ay Sta TSR ger ore See aaa Na Nie ly NR gee hil Rk a Table 3.--lative fruits of Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are av Bal 1 aol e . e ° ° ° e . ° e e ° . ° ° e . . e ° ° ° e e . . 2 ° ° ° ° 9 Table 4.--Native fruits of Washington and Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains, and Idaho for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are av eal AL. abl ie ° ° ° e ee e e e e e e . s e ° . es e e e ° e . e e e ° © CO Table 5.--ilative fruits of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho for which less Sense C vor aie (Onl aiua Lame Seasons are avellable) « ~ + « «| «= 19 0 Table 6.—-Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for Washington MSRM OmmmmuIn Or Sein Glen Mo ann eamenes ly faliliot.! ied Wiel ver relay iypriewi wo ce lay. ellie (etal yea oe eteeiitesy eatlaale Table 7.--Extrelimitel fruits that have been recommended for Washington (Gelleicim ont based mainly) on experience at Pullman) ./) 4.2.08... 2 ll Table 8.--Extralimital fruits that have been recommended for cultivation LNGeh Ao uand |i conditions dnweasiermm Wasimime bon. Fk 66 . ae bo Table 9.-- Extrelimital fruits that have been recommended for irrigated Sach? Gos LSs on os waxes Ohne or Ps ay esa ecsirie oh He eae animes erUeCRUne inact cil, DELS) Table 10.*eExtralimital fruits that have been recommended for Idaho ... 16 Li terature ° .e ° ° e ° e . ° . ° e e « 2 e ° e e ° ° ° e ° ° 6 e e e e o e 14 \ REGIONS FOR WHICH LEAFLETS ON FRUITS ATTRACTIVE TO BIRDS ARE AVAILABLE FIGURE 1.--Map of the United States, showing the 10 regions used in. presenting information on fruits attractive to birds. As an aid in requesting leaflets, it should be noted that No. BS-41 is for region 1; BS-42, for region 2, etc., with BS-50 for region 10. -2= INTRODUCTION The States Wasnington, Oregon, and Idano (Region 1, see map, p.2) make a good geographical and a fair floristic unit. It is well kmowmthat the territory west of the Coast Ranges is characterized by high numidity and abundant precipitation, so that it is a distinct habitat for plants. The three northwestern States embrace desert areas and hign mountains also, but there are, nevertheless, a surprising number of rather generally distributed plants that furnish fruits attractive to birds. They are named in tne principal table (2) for this region. Separate tables (For 10))} Listing cultivatable, noncommercial fruit-bearing plants, are given for Some of the ecological subdivisions, including the humid west and the erid east. The mountain regions are largely ignored because of the sparse population. Table 1 shows groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States and lists desirable kinds of birds most fond of the fruit. No barberries, currants, or buckthorns are listed, because they harbor rusts destructive to plentsof economic importance. Junipers are in almost the same category, as they serve as alternate hosts for apple rust, but there is no reason why they cannot be used in districts where apples are not commercially grown, es they are among the most valuable plants for wildlife. Omitted also cre plents poisonous to man on contact, aS poison ivy end poison sumac, as well as various kinds dangerously poisonous to domestic animals, as yews, wild cherries, and nigntshades, mY spite Of the Pact that wild cherries are greatly relisned by birds. Browsing animals are known to have been killed by feeding on the leaves of wild cherries but:do not seem to be so seriously affected by those of plums. Certein plants included smong fleshy fruit bearers in previous publications heve been transferred to the list of seed producers, hence do not appear in the present series of leaflets. These include magnolia (Magnolia), bittersweet (Celastrus), and burningbush (Euonymus). It should be noted that the fruit—bearing seasons recorded, being eolsiected from vacied Sources, tend to be maxima. AS a rule they are not likely to be realized or even approached in a Single locality unless Numerous specimens of a given species are present and so distributed in Sun and snade as to fsvor both early and late fruiting. The word "“extralimitel" as here used in certain table headings covers plants from other States or regions of the United States as well as wholly introduced, exotic, or foreign plants. al TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States Name of fruit e e -. Speciés. of birds known to eat the fruit Common eo fo Generic : Nums/? Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit ber Juniper; pet 27, Greenbrier ceecece BANVDCISV ales sete eles eve HACKDE TI) ‘rele sel cle e Ni DSTINVE alelsie eisle cre Pokeberry .scsese. Syonlefo bla CASAS AGS SasSSaiiarasiteleteisielercie Strawberry ccecsee eo ©e 00 eo ee oo 0° ef Juniperus .... Smilax ae WNBA KEELES Sa GABA Celitiis) Hyevereietelle Morus e@eesoeoeee jay COMACE A) sists BENIZOMNersioleo 6 + Sassafras’ ss. ° Fragaria CHO NL O) oo 00 ef ef 50 59 o2 7 18 02 -4= Flicker, mockingbird, robin, eastern : bluebird, cedar waxwing, myrtle warbler, : evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch. eo 8° cf Mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, hermit thrush, cardinal. Bobwhite, flicker, downy woodpecker, eastern phoebe, tree swallow, black- capped chickadee, Carolina wren, cat- bird, brown thrasher, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, white-eyed vireo, myrtle warbler, meadowlark, towhee. Flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker, mockingbird, brown thrasher, robin, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, eardinal. Yellow-billed cuckoo, red=-bellied, red- headed, and downy woodpeckers, eastern kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin, wood thrush, cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, yellow warbler, orchard and Baltimore orioles, scarlet tanager, cardinal, purple finch. Mourning dove, flicker, eastern kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, robin, hermit, olive-backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern bluebird, cardinal. : Eastern kingbird, wood thrush, veery, red-eyed vireo. : Bobwhite, eastern kingbird, catbird, robin, veery, red-eyed vireo. : Catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood thrush, towhee. TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued — Name of fruit Species of birds known to eat the fruit Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit Common ; eee | 8 BES : : ber Raspberry, black- : Rubus eeooeaese A 146 berry : : Rose @eeeoeeeevevoee e000 : Rosa eeeeeeee a 38 Mountain-ash ..... : Sorbus ...... : 13 Chokeberry .....-. : Aronia ....ee : 21 Hawthorn e@ceoeesn0000 is Crataegus eee * 39 Apple eeoeveeneeeoee : Malus ecoeocee «6 43 Juneberry ........- : Amelanchier . 42 ene soooneon0o : IRDUWSieletelelelsiels : 97 ee ee 0@ 8% 9 08 @o 9% BEPPSEDOrTyY s.cees > SChHINUS ...e-e 3 12 -5= \ ee ee ©© ce 00 oe @e 2° 68 28 80 60 08 00 00 o@ % oe ee @8© e808 @0 2 68 eo Ruffed. grouse, bobwhite, flicker, red- headed woodpecker, eastern kingbird, tufted titmouse, wren tit, mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood and olive-backed thrushes, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red-eyed vireo, orchard and Baltimore orioles, cardinal, rose- breasted, black-headed, and pine grosbeaks, red-eyed, spurred, an& California towhees, white-throated, fox, and song sparrows. Ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse, prairie chicken, bobwhite. Red-headed woodpecker, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, Bohemian and cedar waxwings, Baltimore oriole, evening and pine grosbeaks. Brown thrasher, meadowlark. Ruffed grouse, robin, purple finch, pine grosbeak. Ruffed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, mockingbird, robin, cedar waxwing, purple finch, pine grosbeak, red erossbill. Flicker, catbird, robin, hermit thrush, veery, cedar waxwing, Baltimore oriole. Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, valley quail, northern and red-shafted flickers, red= bellied and downy woodpeckers, phoebe, black-capped and Carolina chickadees, wren tit, Carolina wren, mockingbird, eatbird, brown and California thrashers, robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, white-eyed vireo, towhee, Audubon's warbler, goldfinch, golden-crowned Sparrow. Robin, varied and hermit thrushes, cedar waxwing, phainopepla. TABLE 1. - Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued Name of fruit : Species of birds known to eat the fruit : ‘ : Num ; j 5 Common Generic pon. Desirable kinds most fond of the fruit HOLY -cccccesccccse 3 LICK ccccccee « 48 = Rutfed grouse, bobmiite, svaldey quam. : : : flicker, yellow-bellied sapsucker, : : : mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, : : : robin, hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, : : : cedar waxwing. Supplejack........ : Berchemia ... : 15 : Mockingbird, robin. GRAPE .cccccccecee > WitiS ...e-e- : 87 : Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and : ; red-shafted flickers, pileated and red- bellied woodpeckers, eastern kingbird, mockingbird, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, wood thrush, veery, eastern and : western bluebirds, cedar waxwing, : cardinal. Virginia creeper . : Ampelopsis .. : 38 : Flicker, red-bellied and red-headed wood- : peskers, yellow-bellied sapsucker, tufted titmouse, mockingbird, brown : thrasher, robin, hermit, olive-backed, : and gray-cheeked thrushes, eastern blue- : bird, red-eyed vireo, scarlet tanager, : evening grosbeak, purple finch. Buffaloberry occ. Shepherdia .. 18 ; Sharp-tailed grouse, pine grosbeak. ee 9@ 98 ee 0% 0 Silverberry, Rus- Elacagnus cee : 5/ Prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse, sian olive, etc.: : : catbird, robin, cedar waxwing. eo ee Bobwhite, robin. ee 00 Wild-sarsaparilla J ieBey Boi Gou a4 aus) Ruffed grouse, bobwhite, northern and Dogwood ..sceccccece COPnUS esis sicsuere : : red=shafted flickers, downy woodpecker, : : : eastern kingbird, catbird, brown : 3 :. thrasher, robin, wood, hermit, olive- R : : backed, and gray-cheeked thrushes, : 5 : eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, red- : eyed and warbling vireos, cardinal, : ; evening and pine grosbeaks, purple finch, white-throated and song sparrows. Sourgum, tupelo .. : Nyssa ....... : 39 : Flicker, robin, olive-backed and gray- : : : cheeked thrushes, cedar waxwing, purple finch. ee ° Crowberry ...e+ee.+. : Empetrum.....: 40 :; Pine grosbeak, snow bunting. Bearberry, manza- : Arctostaphylos: 34 : Dusky and ruffed grouse, valley and nita : : mountain quail, wren tit, fox sparrow. =6e iy TABLE 1. = Groups of fleshy fruits most attractive to birds throughout the United States--Continued Name of fruit Species of birds known to eat the fruit Common Generic ie ual? Gleci rable kinds most fond of the fruit Wintergreen ...... : Gaultheria .. : 10 : Ruffed grouse, wren tit. Huekieberry ...... ; Gaylussacia ..: 46 : Robin, pine grosbeak, towhee. Blueberry .....s+c. : Waccinium ... : 93 :; Ruffed grouse, valley quail, eastern $ - 3 °° 3 kingbird, black-capped chickadee, tufted : : - -: :- titmouse, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, 3 7° -**3; hermit thrush, eastern bluebird, cedar : a ee : waxwing, orchard oriole, pine grosbeak, : ; NG -> towhee. ice ele tae e ° Beautyberry ...... : Callicarpa . : 11 : Mockingbird, brown thrasher. Partridgeberry ... : Mitchella ... : 10 : Ruffed grouse. Hiderberry ....... ; Sambucus .... : 118 : Valley quail, flicker, red—headed wood- ; : ; pecker, eastern and Arkansas kingbirds, black phoebe, wren tit, mockingbird, catbird, brown and California thrashers, ee 08 ee : 5 : robin, olive-backed thrush, eastern and = : : western bluebirds, phainopeple, red- ie S : eyed vireo, rose-breasted and black- : sae _: headed grosbeaks, California towhee, 2 : : white-crowned sparrow. Snowberry, coral- : Symphoricarpos:. 33 : Sharp-tailed grouse,. varied thrush, berry S : : evening and pine grosbeaks. Blackhaw, cran- ; Viburnum .... : 35 :; Ruffed grouse, yellow-billed cuckoo, berrybush 5 Bi: s flicker, catbird, brown. thrasher, robin, 5 ;)60Cfl«wsw «6)~=6C astern bluebird, cedar. waxwing, rose- : Hoe ;. breasted grosbeak, purple finch. Honeysuckle segoon § Jem Ago : 18 : Bobwhite, catbird, brown thrasher, robin, = A hermit thrush, pine grosbeak, white- G “ ; throated sparrow. 1/ parberries (Berberis), buckthorns (Rhamus), and currants (Ribes) are omitted because they serve as alternate hosts of rusts, attacking wheat, oats, and white pine, respectively. Yews (Taxus), wild cherries (Prunus), and nightshades (Solanum) also are omitted as being dangerous stock poisoning: plants. 2/ When 10 or more. 3/ Carries apple rust; should not be planted near valuable orchards. 4/ Only nonpoisonous species of sumac are considered. 5/ Data given are based entirely on field observations; total number of birds eating the various species of Blaeagnus unknown. =~ TABLE 2.--Generally distributed native fruits of Washington, Oregon, and I@an for wnich satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available Common name Colorado juniper ... Strawberry Thimbleberry Blackberry Californie dewoerry Vhitebark raspoerry ei Gla P rOSS sl ste sc. < oee ee eee sb AUK EOS Cle he) sim acl Oliva —saSint sc. Lh TD Yo) gta ia weet Pee se Serva COmer Gy aeiareies Black Mew nown. 4s see (ie ylEGhsr oil erases meee Nees Skunkbush . BUS OWE I Vs) sistas. Devi Tse wsisii. i, s ROG—OSUESM. i Sivee: ei deve Bumichibewe ay: LS She) eevee Wintergreen .. SATO CSIR Od pees wireie avons Dwarf baer ry, 6 cielo Red wnortle!l DEM Wess Big whortleberry ... STMOM MONT) els Move cole val Uiceie PONMSYSUCILEC. his.', 26s he Do Do. Pye ak Tec hein Do. Oren be TVS! .o.10.s. Rhus trilobata Shepnerdia canadensis ig ASL ES alONeIeILOls eyo 5c Cornus stolonifera Cornus canadensis Gaultneria ove enreee e} (elitainie) fee ee . Gi tolia Arctostaphylos uvae-ursi Vaccinium caespitosum Vaccinium scoparium ..«. Vaccinium membrsnaceum Sympnoricarpos rsacemosu GAWnOSie: utanensis involucrat gleuca Lonicerea Lonicers Lonicere Sambucus Ssmbucus Sembucus Viburnum Viburnum Pa melenocarpa cellicarpa peuciflorum ellipticum . Fruiting season Ali year. Early April to late July. Eerly June to early October. Barly July to early September Late June to late September. r Wid-June to late August. Addl years Dek y August to late December. ee to late November. eral ee ate April to mid-October. t at <4 ” ee e June to late September. e June to early September. al year. Early June to mid-September. Mid-July-to late October. Mid-June to early January. Late May to mid-October. Barly August to late October. All year. Late May to late September. Late July to late September. ae er wy) Mid-July to late September. Mid-July to late May. Late June to mid-September. Late May to mid-August. Harly June to mid-Scptember. Herly July to late December. Mid-June to mid-September. arly June to late November. June to late December: ly July to late September. Es ee bl 8, ct © TABLE 3.--Native fruits of Washington and Oregon west of tne Cascede Mountains for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available Common name scientific name ; Fruiting’ season en ee SS —_— ee rs California greenbrier Si iebe (sillalioiepaiies) LIRA RAEME ‘ Mid-July to late December. alifornia waxnyrtile Paiva CS CalirorniCa i... =. pended Amelie California laurel .... : Umbellularia californica 1/...: Mid-June to early September. ISOS cork aa :. 1 Ruibus SOS Cala LS Ata ewe. .. , Early May to early October. ValLwonbeGey 1... ° RbUS LasI@coCeuSs, .46..4aeeere whanly Ausust to ecarlya@etober SiO I aw aah «> EMR cari a Chi OeMS US we suet a »» 'Mid-April to early August. BUM LOSS vo shows. isis Meyer. Mid-—June to late November. RO Se SSO ake) pave hieuewen eur: RAE hewunonnisn. sale yOmabac sus Ti vail Ari! Sips ays byeyens Serviceberry ........ :Amelenchier pallida 1/........: Late June to late August. INGESNOOGS eis oAcg ata 5's a8 ‘Cornus cecidentalis...........:Mid-June to mid-October. Lome CONUS mm balla "scl sa eee Mad=dune™ to mid=Newembeors Sele geet 4a 4). seeeCoul Cherie shallon wieyek..ce6 | Barly July. to late Manch. Bed woo mplenerry 2.°.. 5 Black whortleberry .. ev Vaccinium parvifolium ........:‘Mid-May to mid-November. Vaccinium ovalifolium ........: Early May to late December. Meee Ws eis ceuside. succes ioe eA G USMS MICS iki eouuea =I yanto. mid=Januamye. Manzanita ........... ‘ Arctostapnylos nevadensis ....:Mid-June to mid-October. WOeo see wes .... | Arctostaphylos menzenita 1/...' All year. Dorks REx -«-+..... ‘Arctostaphylos tomentosa .....'Mid-May to mid-December. BVeCESreen Whoruleberry: Vaccinium ovatum ..... ..i tt ..ae © Mid=June to mid-December. CEEMWetekitey as «et. cms Oyeoceus intemmedius) 2... wiiewhawe July to Gari Aearanlee HOMEYVISUCKIC “eno. ... jleOnai. Cee COEISRHLER Eos anoodoont ‘Harly July to late September. aif Native only in southwestern Oregon. TABLE 4.--Native fruits of Washington and Oregon, east of the Cascade Mountains, and Idaho for which satisfactory data on fruiting seasons are available = — — en Fruiting season Common name a ne ee All year. Mid-July to mid-January. © Western juniper ..... ‘Juniperus occidentalis........ Pegenenaayn ys. «as so.. “Celtis dongelasit ain. eles PBA DeeaMbemry «50... ++- KYataria platypetala ....0....0) bate May to Hate, August. BEGmeEASOOLTY siiece.s §RUDUS Sbrigzosus |).¢08.02.5.06e.0 Mid-July to early Seprembems MeceaGm@eral TOSS %.oc.. «SOSa macdousala Uji... es: -..e.: Mid-July to late December. Serviceberry ........ :Amelancnier cuneata .......... : Late May to mid-September. ORs: - 3) 6) Sxejcaiiccms Spianeney was Barly June to early September. Mok... ..sson ses. 2 hmellanchtem wtaheusisy 4.) cd tiind=sune to. mid=Aususte Smootua Sumac win... - PEERS GANA IEAh alscicvanies: LOR ae dri tulle ai (eken Genes eee eee erste es Ibltueberry .....¢.-..+. ‘Vaccinium oreophilum .........: Mid-July.to late September. MSIL SIN GlaalSere = GUUS CAL, 6 holo o WoO TABLE 5.--Native fruits of Washington data on fruiting seasons are s¥ailable Common name Common juniper Strawberry Dowoerry, wh ac YVintergreen ... Blueberry eves evs Snowberry ....-. | IDO) = 5.5.6 een Opec Honeysuckle ... =o sibrawberry .... Wild wrose cs... Iaidiatayar go lam! 76: Hike EMME 275 22! Deewood eine, Manzanita ..... ‘ Dove: Sweet bilberry Bog bilberry .. Rock cranberry Cranberrybush . Honeysuckle ... Dow, Strawberry .... Do. Black raspberry WALG soSewie ss xi. Serviceberry .. Dots Squaw-apple ... TELSINY Ehalo are My aie Sere IBlOy ce. sire three DD Glietensyaweiovay iss Wild sarsaparilla Miami Zaria bia), coite. cus Snowberry ..... . “ev eeeve Oregon, and Idsho for wh Generally distributed Scientific name ich-less Sabtistactory Remarks ips, ote ta) tee) ee! 10) wile @retivhserts) is. s0)x0720) (enol te wate lives eee wienelks./ el isiie . Juniperus communis WEarar Tae CUMS aahOlwele aes Rubus nivalis Gaultheria humifuse Vaccinium occidentale Symphoricarpos mollis elem) @) we: $e! Je) (re, aise sete verte Sympnoricarpos rotundifolius eeoeeeveneee ‘ Lonicera conjugialis Cascade Mountains Wagerecuenlrslyeetsre\Ginl ae onesie Alo mio. 4 4 Rosia) Splthanea ssc. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Neeley @sllalakonanswer Figo. ° ComtsnSmis GSisnmlinns naeiaea Arctostapnylos-hispidula ..... Arctostepnylos viscida Arctostaphylos cinerea Vaccinium deliciosum Vaccinium uliginosum .. Vaccinium vitis-idaea var.minus Ompulus jae. californica .. Ihspacdullbaa. Viburnum Lonicera Lonicera Alpine but can be cultivateé generally. Fruits require two years for ripening, hence are present at all times. June. ; Alpine. July to September. ‘ huzust to October. ‘July to August. Do. and westward 7 Alpine; August Alpine. Fruit persists East of the Cascade Mountains Frageria truncata Pragaria ovalis . Rubus hesperius ROSA) SEATS to September. througn winte SNOACIO a 0 080200 eee) (| ete) 6) 0 ee imelancntex> Oreo pawalis) wayereieyeneren Amelanchier besSalticcla : Perapnyllum ramosissimum, .... : eevreoererve Crataegus shcridana Crataegus columbiana CRG AC US) OTC Has Neleuaveiois AeA a MuUdcauler Sie. = Hors ele, olen eue ‘ Arctostaphylos obtusifolia .. ‘Symphoricarpos oreophilus ..... August to September e t | TABLE 6.~-Extralimital fruits tnat have been recommended for Washington west of the Cascade Mountains Scientific name Common meme. - - Remarks Evergreen blackberry... SHUe ic louse BOs o 6 scone Si Gawhet sae GMO Manes a6 Vurten tere Goren 2.2 6. Wneatesioy Ody 65 dc tales Rubus laciniatus .......... ‘| Harly July to mid=sanuary. ROSa Publ Lino Sia weerasercea sei, 5 ye years Pyracanthea coccinea ....... ‘October to February. Fyracantha yunnanensis .... |: frst ata Mex aqui tolaun ss qnceen ey, uel. yea. OPM irri aes | Daphne CneOTUM, 4 ieee cierc ss INS.o ac 4914 0 oe edie a Stoloo un DkerolobalS Sellonecien cg alga od 46 cool COmMewotICGke) Hatiecseese ' MONTCerS Wi brUa a casa cee se TABLE 7,--Extralimital _fruits. Lelogiti .t have. been recommended for ashinaton ~ (selection base based mainly on experience at_ Pullman) Common neme “Sciéntific name : .. Remarks ComMmom MIPS Seeeisieis «SUNIL peTUS COMMUNIS |... 66 “A variety: is: native in the bid ap at ES Sowa] ‘ mountains;- the plant can be ‘ cultiveted: almost. anywhere. Fruit always: present. Juniperus virginiana ...... :Fruit lone persistent. cas Der US cea a ooea iy itoessuisrtaek Do. Do. Morus alba tatarica siemeiaieiene TERS to Ingust. RERSC. cya ere eee ee Cimese Guniper wi... TCS OHGIAYT 9 6 o\Fe, is 6.50 eae ae RuSSian mulberry ..... CTE TEMES IVE os ss ie 0 (esis QUCO TOE IAYS. 6esikire s a's es eis SHGWT, 5.5 a elec ores 0 es SES SEI Sa 8 en a eRe E UWA OS OSC velevelss ss 0 BGOGTEM! LOSE «sus c0 0 ese Mounte in-a Solaire) @ a)/aie) sllens Phytolacca decendra’....... Benzoin aestive SEC Hbredetiatian ive en ere ae Sassafras “ugtesticre salina gag ows RNOSisy AUROS Aw 5s oe Glogs Sto ee allen ¢ Rosa spinoSissima’......... ; Sorbus américana .......... ‘Holds fruit until middle of Na eat March at Pullman, Wash. MOA e a a nes © SOLDUS SUCUDAIIA . syes)eresus ee Do. Dich be a a a pee Oe rere are a DEM WCC RING .5 6 ve ee ae Wil Tol Ge | oe aaa eee ‘Malus coronaria Lehi i sai PEGS Rts CLAD) 404s ose ‘Malus tlorinund= SUOS Si 2m OLIYS Adi qdo : Hlaeagaus AUER OS WALOI ILE GOGO ono S Spinyaralia .......- ‘Acanthopenax sieboldianum ...,.: Se IOEMISUMAG wale (ORNS TOME 2554 00's sce base ek Beg bergiow amas ssl 9) NECLOS tapay lot UVesUrSd 2... 0. ' All year. ite vackan honeysucklesLonucers tataviCa <...s..++-s+6<: a ? TABLE 9,—-Ext tralimit al fruits that heave been recommended for irrigated sandy Soames os Or eastern Oregon SS | 8 Common name = | Scientific name Remarks ‘ 4 ‘ - — £ RECCEMeah er anise UMS US VENTSIMANA os acct oases Uso deMeMEe pemnye Fy.) Morus ellba tatarica ........-..- SHIOO al SUNEO) oe Ieee ‘Rhus AINSI SRO Gro CD CUS eTR ONO 50 Russian olive ...... ‘Elaeagnus angustifolia sese.us- Virginia ¢veeper ... ‘Ampelopsis quinquefolia ....... Japanese creeper ... ‘Ampelopsis tricuspidata ...ce.- CobieoOmnmanOmIVvet) «. Thigustrum, OVel 1 TOlIUM, 6.06 e100 | PULOPOMMeDEIVe 6. “LisuStrum VOLZATC sscceeeeeseee' Pit aieGae aie) Sambucus Sauce ecco vs ojone Mid-July to end om wear, June to August. Mid-September to mid-Ja onuary. Do. TABLE 10.--Extrelimital fruits that nave been recommended for Idenho ee . — — — ————— Common name Scientific name Remarks 1 ‘ ‘ TUBLPEX ooossoobadso IM pemUS OCeMClemoAlNS Gloonoduoe MLE wSene. DS digs bop 0 Os SHO Metoaael To SNeS or relarenal sain yan) Ss eta we DO. Eee sd sae ee UCOlbis: OGclidentalis i 5.cs nse nne Eeunt tone persistent. BEMLAGEMN tak eaiescce VOmatacsus previ Spinal os - Wompiiaiewieie ae OmauAcCeUS GOUSTAST Gh... cece. ns lake June vor Sepiembeus MOM — ASM Belaeieie NOOMUS ame miCana sa,e.8s sane) LGULt Lone) persistent. Virginia creeper ... ‘Ampelopsis quinquefolia .......; Mid-September to mid-January. Mameamese Creeper wee sAMPelOMSTS GeiCuSprdaba, pecs. ee * Do. ESSAI, OLIVES) cieierele ‘Else agnus ZAAUS CULO Aoodooas Raeraic dofwood™..s. ‘Cotmus mubtaldi 4.45....c.-+-56° Mid-june to mid-October. Mapleleaf viburnum ‘Viburnum acerifolium Publicetions of -intzrest in connecticn with fruits for the Norta— western Sta e pal es include: Northwest flora, by Theodore CS. Frye end George B. Rigg. 453 pp., 1912 (7) re es to price from the University Bookstore, University of Wasnington, \Seatidie, Wash. Farm tree planting, by Stanley C€. Clarke. Idaho Agr. Col. mxt. Circ. 46, 12 po., May 1933. Inquire ss to conditions soverninge distribution from tne College of Agriculture, Moscow, Idano. Washington Hardy flowers, shrubs, trees, and vines for Washington homes, by J. Raymond é r Weshs Svate™Col. 2xt. Sula. Jel oop... ume: Joop Inquire es to conditions governing distribution from the State Collcge of Washington, Pullman, Wash. a5 Ub ee Ce