Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. junta es Fungi Associated with Principal Decays in Wood Products in the United States U.S. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER WO-4 Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. October 1965 a 21K DIE iM | th y) [He I/\\ ? Vi 2) DO i A in } FUNG ASSOCIATED WITH PRINCIPAL DECAYS IN WOOD PRODUCTS (IV THE UNITED STATES By Catherine G. Duncan, Pathologist Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. (Maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin) and Frances F, Lombard, Mycologist Forest Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, Md. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to present sum- mary data on the associations between Basidio- mycetes and decay in various wood products. Basidiomycetous fungi are predominant among the mico-organisms adapted to completely sub- sist upon wood. The Forest Products Lab- oratory, Madison, Wis., and the Forest Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, Md., have been accumu- lating the data over a period of nearly 30 years. The data indicate the associations between type of decay, the host species of wood and product, its preservative content if any, the geographic area where the decayed product was found, and the decay fungus. Such knowledge will permit intelligent selection of fungi for pure culture experimentation and will facilitate sound inter- pretation of observations and analysis of data in decay research. Because of the economic importance of the damage caused to wood products by Basidio- mycetes, numerous investigations have been conducted in the United States on the nature of decay, the associations between the fungi and decay, and the identification and physiology of the fungi. A complete bibliography relating to the role of this group of fungi in decay is too ex- tensive for inclusion in this report. Notable among the surveys dealing with the decay in special groups of products are those on houses and buildings (1, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21)', in aircraft and boats made during World War II (2, 8, 11), and railroad ties (13, 17). In 1957 Cowling compiled, from the literature of the United States, a partial list of the fungal species associated with products decay (5). Infection Decay fungi may infect wood at many places and times. Some Basidiomycetous species in the forest attack and decay the heartwood and sapwood of living trees, while others attack pri- ! Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature Cited, pp. 14-15. marily slash. Products fungi make their primary attack on the wood at some stage after it has been removed from the tree. In reviewing the aceumu- lated data, an attempt was made to distinguish between the fungi that infect mainly slash in the forest and those that significantly infect the wood after it has left the forest. Few of the heartrot fungi in standing trees cause serious decay in wood products. They generally seem unable to continue their develop- ment in logs or converted timber. After a tree is felled, the primary products such as logs, poles, piling, pulpwood, ete., become liable to infection by other fungi, some of which are on slash in the forest. After wood becomes “‘dry’’ (usually a log never dries completely), it is not permanently immune to decay. Unless naturally durable or sufficient- ly preservative-treated, wood is vulnerable to infection in any damp situation in which its moisture content rises above the fiber saturation level for any extended period of time. Spores or mycelial fragments, readily airborne, are a means of infecting wood exposed under a variety of conditions. Soil, which is prevalently damp and abounds with micro-organisms in its uppermost layers, is also a ready source of in- fection for any wood placed in contact with it. , Identification of the Fungi The staffs of the Forest Products Laboratory and the Forest Disease Laboratory received and examined 1,920 decayed wood items. Of this number, the decay fungi have been identified to the species name for 1,464 specimens, and to the generic name for 143 specimens. For 71 speci- mens of unknown species that have readily rec- ognizable cultural characters, letters or other designations were assigned. The fungi associated with the remaining 242 products specimens have not been identified and were not included in this report. The fungi were identified by an associated sporophore, if one was present, or by the cultural ] characters of the vegetative mycelium after iso- lation from the decayed wood. Sporophores are not commonly found on wood products because decayed wood is usually discarded before the fungus has formed a fruiting body. When they are present, such sporophores are often so atypical or deformed that they defy positive identification. Nearly 70 percent of the fungi have been identi- fied through study of cultures isolated from the decayed products. Durbin’s techniques (10) for the observation and isolation of soil micro- organisms adequately cover most of the methods used by various personnel through the years. Cultural identification methods used at the Forest Disease Laboratory involve comparative study of the macroscopic and microscopic char- acters of the unknown isolate with those of one or more named species from the Reference Culture Collections at the laboratory. The Bavendamm method as modified by Davidson et al. (7) is used to test for the oxidase reaction. As a further aid to positive identification, haploid isolates, secured from fruiting in an unknown isolate, are paired with haploid isolates of known species when necessary and when the haploids are available. Cultures of the species of the Polyporaceae, many of which have large and conspicuous sporophores and are readily secured in pure culture, have been studied more adequately than have those of species of the Agaricaceae, the Hydnaceae, and the ‘Thelephoraceae. Many species of the latter families, which may well be products fungi, have never been secured in culture, and their sporophores are difficult to identify. Many of the presently unidentified cultures from products probably will be found to be species in these three families. Limitations of the Observations It should be recognized that there are potential sources of error in summaries of data from any survey or collection such as this. For example: 1. The association of the fungus with decay is not proof that the fungus initiated or caused any or all of the decay. 2. Fungi which produce durable and con- spicuous fruiting structures are more likely to have been reported than those producing incon- spicuous fructifications or rarely producing any. 3. A summary includes surveys which place emphasis on certain products. 4. Separate studies have been restricted to particular geographic regions, so that the data are not representative of the country as a whole. 5. The relative number of products associated with fungi does not necessarily provide the best index of its prevalence. The number of isolations from different sites, from different woods, etc., must be taken into account. 6. The number of fungi that can be identified in culture is dependent on the number of reliably named species available in culture and the number of species adequately characterized in culture. TAXONOMIC GROUPING OF THE FUNGI Essentially all of the fungi were found to be members of 4 families in the order Agaricales (table 1), and of 6 to 10 genera in each family. The Polyporaceae, with 71 species, was associated with more than 60 percent of the products, the Thelephoraceae and Agaricaceae with 17 and 13 percent, respectively, and the Hydnaceae with less than 3 percent. It is interesting to note that although 152 species were associated with wood products, over 70 percent occurred in five genera: Coniophora, Lentinus, Lenzites, Polyporus, and Poria. The genus Porta was two to three times as frequent as any of the other four. TABLE 1.—Prevalence of families and genera of Basidiomycetes associated with products Order and family Genus Number of | Number of species collections Tremellales Tremellaceae____________- Guepinia_________ 2 5 Agaricales Thelephoraceae _____-____- Asterostroma_____ 2 4 Coniophora_____- 5 162 Corticium_______- ial 35 Peniophora______ 10 43 Stereum----=-___ 11 43 Wararias 2 sees 3 42 293 TABLE 1.—Prevalence of families and genera of Basidiomycetes associated with products—Con. Order and family Genus Number of | Number of species collections Hrydnaceae=_- === === = Efericiume =. see. it 1 Hydnum______ 1 1 Tnpexs sso eee 2 3 Odontia=======— 5 33 Oxydontia_-_-___- 1 6 Porogramme_-_-__- 1 st Radulumess= == 1 1 12 46 Polyporaceae_____________ Daedalea_________ 3 32 ING WAS = 10 64 Ganoderma_ __ 1 1 Lenzites__________ 3 231 Merulius________- 5 57 Polyporus_-_-____- 21 127 leila 22 494 Ptychogaster_____ 2 13 Trametesi=-s--—== 4 28 71 1, 047 Agaricaceae___--__________ Armillaria__-_____ 1 1 Coprinus-_-_---_--- il 6 . Gymnopilus- -_-- 1 it Hypholoma______ 1 5 Lentinus__-_---_- 3 153 Naematoloma__-__ 1 2 Paxiis eee eee it 21 Pholiota_---__- 3 3 iPlenmrovusmeseee 1 4 Schizophyllum_ 1 20 14 216 (Unknown) <=. 0 3 oe eee 11 71 INN woe 5 33 152 1, 678 i / . : | No single fungus species represented more than 10 percent of the total collection (table 2). How- ever, Lentinus lepideus Fr. was associated with 9 percent of the products, Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr. with 8 percent, Poria incrassata (Berk. & Curt.) Burt with 7 percent, and P. monticola Murr. with 6 percent of the products. Four more were each associated with 3 to 6 percent of the collection: Coniophora arida (Fr.) Karst., L. saepiaria (Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr., P. vaillantii (Fr.) Cke., and P. xantha (Fr.) Cke. Fifteen were represented as the decay fungus in 1 to 3 percent of the products: C. puteana(Schum. ex Fr.) Karst., Fomes cajanderi Karst., Merulius laerymans Wulf. ex Fr., Paxillus panuoides Fr., Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Mass., Polyporus palustris Berk. & Curt., P. versicolor L. ex Fr., Poria carbonica Overh., P. cocos (Schw.) Wolf, P. nigrescens Bres. complex?, P. oleracea Davidson & Lombard, P. radiculosa (Pk.) Sace., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Trametes serialis Fr., and Unknown J. The remaining 128 species occurred in less than 1 percent of the products. 2 Includes the following species that have not been clearly defined taxonomically: Polyporus rigidus Lév., P. zonalis Berk., Poria nigrescens Bres., P. sanguinolenta (Alb. & Schw.) Cke., and P. undata (Pers.) Bres. TABLE 2.—-Associations of Basidiomycetous fungi with kind of wood, decay type, and geographical location Host wood Location ! Un- Fungus Type of North- | South- | West- | Cen- | known Angiosperm |Gymnosperm| Unknown decay ? eastern} ern ern tral or (hardwood) | (softwood) U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. | outside U.S. Tremellales Tremellaceae Quepinia spathularia (Schw.) Fr._....-......-..----|_--.-.----- - 2.12: = re YE seule COTO PO ai a 2 a a TS ES ee 1 7) eae SIRE SS 3 | aie Se IE BS | oa ee 21s 1 ESA = = Agaricales Thelephoracese Asterostroma cervicolor (Berk. & Curt.) Mass.. See: Tae 1M Remorse eee Wroltes cesses 22: 1 ee See (eee | ee SO Asterostroma spp... ---.--.------.-------.-.---.-- . 1 1 ft] SES eee 1G) EE 1 1 Coniophora arida (Fr.) Karst.............-..--.--.-- 7 62 2] Brown....-- 1 6 20 44) |, 352 == mntencen (Ris OXF GFSs) Ar Stes none os - soak Seen | ase ccewucens 6 pO IS ses (Fee Sosa) Pee Sa Slee Vil eee Perrreon (OUP Gx hrs) BOrsts252-eeewceece| OCA MB ee do- 8 14 12 14 POET DCMS See ee se eet et aanactnescene|\e © fk AD ee eee 8 GW) RES SOS Eee 10 1 1 A Sana Sith es oe aa Se Fe ee mm 1S te 7) ee ee rcaman st (ieee do_._. 3 5 4 12 m alutaceum (Schrad.) Bres. Brown ess. ale se seule aencaee 25 oO Sh 2 Si ee ae ee eee a eee Winn Ges eee Stk ee Yb ee 3 MINION AED UL Ge ae oh ne ee Se le oe Whee ae (eee OF eal ae C. galactinum (Fr.) Burt._...........-..-.-- ae White......- 2 ll Pee ee ce eee Po the THAR: 2c ot se ete RS Se SEY Teenie: Cy] fo ge eters) | ace aceeetye eal (hye ee pe ee 1 ae eel Es eeuuseritie BOUrG. a Gales Tao oo ee Browne. s)-.| cores nae gana |Sapeekt PY ee eS = C. suecicium Litsch wee White* 1 Seen ee as Corticium A Wate ene G Seal a eae eee 7 Corticium B 1 en Le) Sant soe eet Corticium C 3 ~~ = 3 LUO So) Sle ee See eee eee 2 2h ee 1 4 Peniophora affinis Burt... Soe eee ldomnabeees tans 1 Wier oe |e a | Re ao | eee 1 Gy a * s 2 P, dryina (Berk. & Curt, ) “Roge rs & Jacks..__._.__- 2 1 | eee Sarre Brown*____- YO eae fs eee ||P PeerInatienn CTS tT RARER ee ae oe ro oc 0 P. mollis (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Sone oR} SP UG TT Ny 9 Ey So al S. murraii (Berk. & Curt.) Burt S. purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr S. sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Fr.. 5 ~ eR eee Pil ae a = Nae UE | do Lee Bea eee S. eubpileatum Berk. & Ourt..........-........-.-. 1 fee eee oe | ee ea White 1 pl (PS i ae ae pocket Stereum A YO ee secede) Hee Seer SES] |b ea De Be | Pe es he pore 2 Stereum B-. 1 [oSee Ate ee) Root ee aes ata, any | ES a2 Ui) Pee | |= pe Stereum C... ‘ 1G) Eee Whiter oso. 1 BH eee Stereum s 1 pm Gets Seeks 38) ee ee eee) Pee) Ey PSS ) i DERE = Se Vararia ¢ffuscata (Cke. & Ell.) Rogers & Jacks. Sa eee = ys] Te 6 ( 7: Se Ea) RR EA fT ee aoe on 1 V. pallescens (Schw.) Rogers & Jacks.............--|.-....-- » tee es | eee (Feel Lee oe 1 a 8 et VU a ek, SC Sie a Sle IR i el 1 bY a os SS) NE aa do 1 +P eet Hydnaceae Tarictuneermnacets Clr.) F Ors... 222-235. cece 1 [SS ae ae od (ey ae pe Oe We EG eae ol ee a af eee oll = te ee | eee 1 Hydnum pete? = hI eee aeeee 1) 0 eee ee Ce US SSS) Bee 1 Oy ae eae PEs ey ee. ippen MOUs: Derk. o& OUrt.. 20 oo cee oe Ce =F. ees a ee White....._- 1 : Ir rg be atiteen) Vi RE SS ee aes eee 71 See 2 eta ee nee ae 1 Wil FERS Rese Odontia bicolor (Fr.) Bres.- Lo a PUES Ee RE BR Se 1S cee eee Wihites = tees. oe 2 1 1 9 Bee WMUREMET STUNG Gt CHM oe SS dn soe ou lkuacen|desnadeconeeen Ved Lee SS ee) bn ‘acl (Se | RR) fk | Ge LCA Gy 8 | +.) 1 7 31) 2 1 7 Sl BESS ey Rae ose TO LS Sn Sie ag SEE ae ae ee Sis meee WO? ane eee coe 2 | cacee = | os sete leer EO ny gn a nS el a ee ae oe 1 UH Pei Sha 32 5a eee eee se 1 4 | Li eekaans Geedontic. Le sorhiza (Torr.) Rogers & Martin. .___|_- el ne Gi cen WIC eon j BB Do ain ace ie pcs ee ee Porogramme fuligo oes & OE Pater eee te. 1A pe Sea Ae i) aie ate) eS C0 Fy ee SS Wig. ti aes Radulum sp.....----.---- PRS Ea eS y ~e 1h) = Pete EEE find Sees Dil saosin See footnotes at end of table. TABLE 2.—Associations of Basidiomycetous fungi with kind of wood, decay type, and geographical location : —Continued , Host wood Location ! Type of Un- Fungus decay ? North- | South-| West- | Cen- Angiosperm |Gymnosperm| Unknown eastern| ern ern tral oe (hardwood) | (softwood) U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. |outside s. Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae Waedaleaberkeleyi SaCCsaewe sae a D, juniperina Murr.------------------- IDNquencina nex. see ee Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst.----------- " cajanderi Karst. 2---------=--- == . igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx._____-_- pini (Fr.) Karst. --.----------- pinicola (Swartz ex Fr.) Cke._______ Pay jay Pay Merulius sp Polyporus abietinus Dicks. ex Fr.-_--------- . adustus Willd. ex Fr. GMarUspHed¢g Chea assess a = ONCOD Spe kaa ee eee balsameus Pk croceus Pers. ex Fr.--------- Gich;OUSEM Ine = eee OG Se ee ee giluus (Schw.) Fr._------- hirsutus Wulf. ex Fr.----- palustris Berk. & Curt._- pargamenus Fr._--------- Schweinitzii Fr.----------- spraguei Berk. & Curt.___ sulphureus Bull. ex Fr._-__- . tulipiferae (Schw.) Overh.-- versatilis (Berk.) Rom.--_-_- . versicolor Li. ex Fr.-------- revue yyy tyhyy WPolyporws Spp.2=-------=-- Poria ambigua Bres.------- P. carbonica Overh.----------- P. cinerascens Bres. complex 4- . mappa Overh. & Lowe-_----------------- P P. P. monticola Murr. -------- P. nigra (Berk.) Cke.--------- P. nigrescens Bres. complex §___-_--_---_-_- P. oleracea Davidson & Lombard. --------- P. pannocincta (Rom.) Lowe a radiculosa (Pk.) Sace.---_- Poria sp Ptychogaster rubescens Boud.--------------- Pi chogasteneAc esas semen eae ee Trametes hispida Bagl.-_--.----------------- T. odorata (Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr T. sepium Berk. -------- 9 CATS I Dee ee ean Sao Agaricaceae Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quél.-_------------- Coprinus radians (Desm.) Fr.-_ ------------- Gaininopilisispiesaas ee EIU ROLOTVONSD Dee eee ee Lentinus kauffmanii A. H. Smith_----_--- SLE DIC EUS HA eee a L. tigrinus Bull. ex Fr.-----.------------- Naematoloma sublateritium (Fr.) Karst.--- Pazillus panuoides Fr._------------------- Pholiota adiposa (Fr.) Quél._------------- P. flammans (Fr.) Kumm._--_------------ PH CLOLAISD eae eee ee Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kumm.- - Schizophyllum commune Fr._--------------- See footnotes at end of table. 4 igniarius var. laevigatus (Fr.) Overh._____ igniarius var. populinus (Neuman) Campbell -- officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) Faull_-_--------- . robiniae (Murr.) Sace. & D. Sacce._--_--- F. roseus (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Karst.____- Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat.__-_.- Lenzites betulina (L. ex Fr.) Fr.._---------- L. saepiaria (Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr.-_-- a 7 RET ADE ORE CLSS.C Xo Lye ee ee eal Merulius himantioides Fr..------------------ M. lacrymans Wulf. ex Fr._---------------- M. pinastri (Fr.) Burt--------------------- ‘M; tremellosus Schrad.--_------------------ arcularius Batsch ex Fr.----------------- TABLE 2.—Associations of Basidiomycetous fungi with kind of wood, decay type, and geographical location —Continued Host wood Location ! Type of Un- Fungus decay ? North- | South- | West- | Cen- | known Anglosperm |Gymnosperm] Unknown eastern} ern ern tral or (hardwood) | (softwood) U.S, U.S. U.S. U.S. |outside U.S. Unknown groups Ch ui hl) ee SS es ae ‘ 4 Pee He Brows foe ec, oe eee oe ee 1 1 UE OTN GIG ES Oa a ea ae Cr ae see oe 2 |. Whité....2-: yD) Smee ee EASE = PRE eet neo Sapo is cba denen Commies 1 dl Ca ae Brown’. ____ 2 1 1 Via Cy ary iy VE Sa SS ee ee ee ed Pee ae 3 eer eee White?®...... Fees | ees ie RE by Nee Lay oe eS eee Sp edetatea ete as ea cke [e eck teat os et 13 |. Browne eee 5 eo eee 5 8 Pa ee ere eee acs case een dane nonnl wancdlonewews=anes == Rileuenaks WItGe sy. 3 ve Gclees ee Unknown F_. 6 7? Te Nee ee Sp re! ja do. 1 e ry (eA 2 = Lo ty tee Se MEST Eyes ae ee Se eee | eee 21 Brown’. OU ee Cel U2 58 See SS ae eae ns Seger) Eee aps Se Se 4]. Wiilteesses Ls bY [eee Liutoty: it) oa Se ae a ae eae Bae ee ore ph) Pas Seaton PTS 2) eee doz. : é kos Beare (Sos Cod ay i ag St le Se ee eee ae CU by ce dake 4 3 #) 1 1 Northeastern United States: Connecticut (13), Maine (8), Massachusetts (18), New Hampshire (0), New Jersey (24), New York (64), Pennsylvania (49), Rhode Island (5), and Vermont (0). Southern United States: Alabama (5), Arkansas (2), Delaware (3), Florida (110), Georgia (24), Kentucky (2), Louisiana 37), Maryland (121), Mississippi (152) North Carolina (14), Oklahoma (1), South Carolina (29), Tennessee (19), Texas (24), Virginia (106), and West Virginia ( (2). Western United States; Arizona (3), California (35), Colorado (42), Idaho (2), Montana (34), Nevada (0), New Mexico (12), Oregon (124), Utah (1), Wash- ington (26), and Wyoming (6). Central United States: Lowa (2), Illinois (42), Indiana (9), Kansas (8), Michigan (26), Minnesota (14), Missouri (15), Nebraska (4), North Dakota (17), Ohio (40), South Dakota (13), and Wisconsin (181). 3 Ba ed on appearance of wood or the Bavendamm oxidase reaction as modified by Davidson, et al. (7). Determinations by the Bavendamm reaction are indicated by asterisks as follows: (*) conclusive reaction, (**) doubtful reaction of either staining negative or weak positive, (***) negative reaction on gallic and positive reaction on tannic acid media. ? Question mark following species name indicates a tentative identification. 4 Includes the following species that are difficult to separate culturally: Poria cinerascens Bres., P. rivulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Cke. (P. albipellucida Baxter), and P. subvermispora Pilat. * Includes the following species that have not been clearly defined taxonomically: Polyporus rigidus Léy., P. zonalis Berk., Poria nigrescens Bres., P. sanguino- lenta (Alb. & Schw.) Cke., and P. undata (Pers.) Bres. RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF BROWN AND WHITE ROT The Basidiomycetes cause two general types of decay—brown and white rot. These two types are distinguishable partly by the color of the decayed wood (brown vs. ‘‘white’’); however, the color distinction is sometimes obscured by con- taminating organisms or by the stage of decay at the time of observation. The metabolism of brown-rot and white-rot fungi in attacking wood differs considerably. The brown color has been attributed to the lignin-rich residue left by the brown-rot fungi as a result of preferential utiliza- tion of the wood carbohydrates. The lighter color caused by the white-rot fungi has been attributed to the change of certain chromogenic materials in the wood. Other characteristics that separate the brown- and white-rot fungi by their enzymatic action on wood have been reviewed by Cowling (6). The Bavendamm oxidase reaction is a valuable diagnostic test, being about 95 percent accurate in separating the brown- and white-rot fungi (7). In this test, fungi that secrete an extracellular polyphenol oxidase of the laccase type form a colored zone in nutrient agar containing a poly- phenolic material. White-rot fungi secrete this enzyme and produce a colored diffusion zone; brown-rot fungi do not possess this enzyme and give a negative reaction. Some confusing re- actions occur and, as a result, a small proportion of fungi can be classed as neither brown nor white rotters by this method. Information is not available on the type of decay or oxidase reaction produced by 30 of the collected species but, where known, 67 of the species caused white rot and 55 caused brown rot. However, 76 percent of the products were decayed by brown-rot fungi compared with 18 percent by white-rot fungi. The survey indicates that both brown- and white-rot fungi attack products of gymnospermous wood (softwoods) more frequently than those of angiospermous wood (hardwoods) (tables 2 and 3). White-rot fungi actually seem to be associated more often with angiospermous than gymno- spermous woods used above ground. This appar- ent host preference in nature was also indicated in a survey of mycological literature (5). Labo- ratory stud’es by Duncan (9) have shown a greater capacity of several white-rot fungi to cause decay in nondurable angiospermous than in nondurable gymnospermous woods. With respect to wood in ground contact, however, white-rot fungi were observed as often and in some cases more frequently on softwoods than brown-rot fungi in a like situation. In stake tests made by Zabel and Moore (22), using gymnospermous wood, white-rot fungi were more prevalent than brown-rot species. In considering the prevalence and distribution of brown and white rot in the collection data, it should be recognized that approximately four times more softwood than hardwood products were available for study. It is also significant that more than half of the products were in con- tact with the soil. u TABLE 3.—Prevalence of white and brown rots in angiospermous and gymnospermous products * Number of collections from indicated types of host woods Number of species by type of decay 2 Angio- QGymno- sperm sperm Unknown Total White 43 Wels a ame eee ee 121 101 11 233 W hite* 24 ee 11 57 2 70 132 158 13 303 Brown 0 | ee a ee eee ee 157 973 83 1, 213 Brown* De oe aa a 5 58 3 66 162 1, 031 86 1, 279 ] Inconclusive result**: i} Pa a ae peer ien 10 27 6 43 4h) Inconclusive result*** I GEG To ety 0 1 0 1 i] Unknown: i fg Sean ie Ose ene Sie 12 31 9 52 ii i} 22 59 15 96 | Atal senate eel 316 1, 248 114 1, 678 i 1 Summary based on table 2. | 2 Based on appearance of wood or the Bavendamm oxidase reaction as | modified by Davidson, et al. (7). Determinations by the Bavendamm | reaction are indicated by asterisks as follows: (*) conclusive reaction, (**) doubtful reaction of either staining negative or weak positive, (***) negative / reaction on gallic and positive reaction on tannic acid media. | | GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FUNGI Table 2 includes the associations of all species in the collection with the location. The geo- graphic areas having the higher numbers of collections are the Eastern, Southern, and Central States, where concentrated efforts to collect have been made. States principally represented in these areas are New York, Pennsylvania, Mary- land, Virginia, Florida, Mississippi, and Wiscon- sin. However, it is probable that many of the fungal species are equally well represented in other areas. Thus, the data in table 2 do not indicate con- clusively that any fungus or group of fungi are markedly more prevalent than others in a given area with a variety and abundance of wood products. However, general observations or studies of collections by others point to a few definite regional prevalences. For example, Poria incrassata normally inhabits the southern and coastal regions of relatively mild climates. Merulius lacrymans, on the other hand, prefers a cool climate and will not fully develop in areas where warm temperatures prevail. These distri- bution responses to temperature probably would be conspicuous if a large-scale study were made. Occurrence of these two fungi in regions generally unfavorable to them usually can be attributed to transportation of infected lumber and its place- ment under conditions of favorable temperatures. Such distribution is artificial, and thus the associ- ated decay problem tends to be small. Daedalea berkeleyz, limited to the South probably by its temperature requirements, is another species that might show regional predilections upon more comprehensive sampling. The local climate, site, and availability of favorable host species are probably the dominant distribution factors for the majority of the fungi. Additional information on the geographic distri- bution of the fungi can be found in the literature on the taxonomy of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes. PREVALENT SPECIES ON ANGIOSPERMOUS AND GYMNOSPERMOUS WOODS Table 4 shows the more prevalent of the fungal species associated with wood in the angiospermous and gymnospermous groups by various levels of decay resistance. Approximately 40 percent (78) of the species were associated with angiospermous 6 woods, which represented 19 percent of the col- lection; but only about 7 percent occurred more than 5 times and 3 percent more than 10 times. These more prevalent species were about equally associated with nonresistant and moderately . ‘resistant hardwoods, but as might be expected, _ they were considerably less on those hardwoods considered most durable. Of the 6 fungi occurring - more than 10 times, Lenzites trabea, Poria incras- sata, and P. oleracea are brown-rot species whereas Polyporus versicolor, Schizophyllum commune, and Sterewm frustulatum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fekl. are white- rot species. One-half of the fungi occurring most frequently on hardwoods also occurred on softwoods: Conio- phora arida, Lenzites trabea, Poria incrassata, P. monticola, P. oleracea, P. xantha, and Polyporus versicolor. The first six of these are brown-rot fungi and except for Portia oleracea were more prominently associated with softwoods than hardwoods. Polyporus versicolor, a white-rot fungus, and Poria oleracea, a brown-rot fungus, were found more frequently on hardwoods than on softwoods. TABLE 4.—Occurrence of the more common fungi on gymnospermous and angiospermous woods (softwoods and hardwoods) abs of collections from wood having various levels of Collec- decay resistance tion Fungus total Non- Mod- | Resistant resistant | erately | or very resistant | resistant GYMNOSPERMOUS WOODS ! Species one more than 6 times:| No. No. No. No. annus pideuUs. ee 143 125 1th) Re Jaen ae resize (raved 2 so) oo eae 92 59 8 25 VOR Ee Se 81 75 5 1 PORE ONLICOLG 82- = =e ewe 81 45 34 2 SRNSRCTAMURIEGE Rn Bes oe 74 64 9 1 Coniophora arida 2 62 55 (Gl eee Poria vaillantii_-- 47 36 9 2 P. zantha 3__.___- 44 27 1 ial Eee See | Coniophora puteana___...__.__._-- 43 31 6 6 On WOMICUlORd.. 22 -- 8-8 34 33 1 baa eee ee LE i ht a a eS a ae 27 5 by 1 Re See umes cajandert. 2-22-2228 23 18 1 4 Coniophora spp. 21 >) ih] (ese ee ee ee ee Sa hee 21 71 (et 8 2 Oe eee i ml Te See ES 19 (| (Sake, 5S See) ae Merulius lacrymans__..........-_- 17 13 2 2 Trametes serialis...............-.. 18 7 1 WO | Sate ea Fomes pini... 16 10 5 1 Poria cocos___ 15 14 1 Ae oe eS Odontia bicolor. 13 1. | pase eee Lo ees ATION CAS pe ee oe 13 CD) SS see 5 CU TN ee aS ee ea 12 1b eS SSeS Pee ee orig migraacens:...-- 5. ..2..--:- 111" ope Bae eee 12 Parillus panuoides__............-- 12 10 j----.---.. 2 Daedalea juniperina_._.-.......--- tT) Bae es | Pee ee ll LOT a ee 10 | s(t) | ee Se ee Polyporus balsameus__..-........- 10 | TO pee oan BORINOMMUB SS. eee SE 9 7 1 1 Merulius himantioides Z 9 | 5 3 1 Polyporus palustris. =| 9 7 J Be ee P. versicolor 3_._____ 9 | Miles feos 2 Poria cinerascens.__......_....---- | 9 8 | Vi | coe sce: poeeeoransr TUDSICONS so LS 8 (§ | REAP ere 1 1s donde ys eae ae 8 pl foes phy ao 7), Ot hs a a Se a | 8 See ees eee Cortichars 1 a ae 7 (| Pes sahe Otel Aes ase Odontia spathulata. ._...........-- | 7 | (1) Bae Sees ae ree Merulius pinastri_.............-.- | 7 5 pS) RS eae St 1 Resistant: Incense-cedar, redwood, cypress, cedar, and yew. ? Occurred on both angiospermous and gymnospermous woods. 4 Resistant: Chestnut, white oak, and locust. Moderately resistant: Larch and Douglas-fir. Moderately resistant: Sweetgum, oak (except white), and mahogany. | re uency of collections from wood having various levels of Collec- decay resistance tion Fungus total Non- Mod- | Resistant resistant | erately | or very resistant | resistant GYMNOSPERMOUS Woops !—Con, Species occurring more than 5 times No. No. No. No. —Continued DM CReMmbllOMe: © oe ect eennee cae 7 6 BOTig. O ee eee eee 7 7 Schizophyllum commune.....-.----- 7 3 VP Orig ASS sae oe 7 5 Coniophora olivacea__- 6 6 Orydontia chrysorhiza_ 6 6 Fomes officinalis. ____- 6 1 Povigialey deed 92 eee eee sean 3 Potali(48) esse sons ce enn cee 1,113 854 174 85 Species (67) occurring less than 5 CU OSs ota te eens seca cee 140 114 8 18 |, Species occurring more than 6 times: Lenzites trabea 2_ ANGIOSPERMOUS WOODS ? | } | Polyporus versicolor BS ry ttaneiete OTA OLET ACER Arno noe n eee PU ICL AMR Re ono eee ee eee Stereum frustulatum.._......-..---- Schizophyllum commune___..------- aes ass palustris___-_..----.----- Daedalea quercina.___......-------- Poria zantha ?_________- P. monticola ?_______- Stereum complicatum . Coniophora arida 3____ Stereum purpureum_._- | Polyporus aatistus..- 252.2022 | 5 | Total (14)... a ee ee | Species (64) occurring less than 5 | Tres ee ee REE OR Nonresistant: Fir, spruce, pine, hemlock. Nonresistant: Maple, alder, madrone, birch, hickory, yogruma, beech, ash, poplar, tanoak, sweetbay, panarium, willow, basswood, elm. About 60 percent (113) of the species were associated with gymnospermous woods, which represented 81 percent of the collection. Of these species, 24 percent occurred more than 5 times and 13 percent more than 10 times. The 10 most prevalent fungi on softwoods were Coniophora arida, C. puteana, Lentinus lepideus, Lenzites saepiaria, L. trabea, Poria incrassata, P. mon- ticola, P. radiculosa, P. vaillantii, and P. xantha. Five of these also occurred on hardwoods. The occurrence of the species attacking soft- woods was in inverse order to the decay-resistance of the wood. In the case of the species attacking hardwoods, there was, with some exceptions, a similar but less pronounced relationship to decay- resistance. As exceptions, about one-fourth of the softwood products attacked by Lenzites trabea possessed considerable natural resistance. In addition, Daedalea juniperina Murr. and Poria nigrescens complex were also notably tolerant of naturally resistant gymnospermous wood prod- ucts. FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PRODUCTS The associations of the different species of fungi with various kinds of products are shown in table 5. The species most prevalently associated with each of the major product groups are: Unseasoned raw products Poria incrassata (Berk. & Curt.) Burt (15)? Polyporus versicolor L. ex Fr. (12) 3 Number in parentheses refers to number of times the species was observed. Fomes pint (Fr.) Karst. (9) (originating in the tree as heartrot) Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Mass. (8) Poria cinerascens Bres. complex‘ (8) Lenzites saepiaria (Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr. (6) L. trabea Pers. ex Fr. (6) Stereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. (6) 4 Includes the following species that are difficult to separate culturally: Poria cinerascens Bres., P. rivulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Cke. (P. albipellucida Baxter), and P. subvermispora Pilat. TABLE 5.—Basidiomycetes associated with various types of wood products! Fungus Unseasoned | Posts, poles, Taw piling, ties products Transportation items Buildings Miscellaneous Experimental material Tremellaceae Guepinia spathularia___ Guepinia spp.----~----- Thelephoraceae Asterostroma cervicolor- Asterostroma spp.------ Coniophora arida____._- C. olivacea Coniophora B____-_-__- Coniophora spp.------- Corticium alutacewm C. atrovirens ? 2 C. fuscostratum C. galactinum CRrosei mse ee ee ee ee C. subseriale ? 2 C. swecicium__-___-__-- Old lumber pile (1). COT Cy rT pA ee ET ea a Lara Nk ates a De as ae La oT Wh SUM ltl (GH og oth ea RCT AS a | Stakes (7) (ORLA IVI yl XE Ra BEG RF WY NN nr Nl Be ee ee eens Window:frames() 2s |S Sas ee eae ee +. 42s OTL CE TRC ee ES | EFS Sie) ATTA NC Sea | Bs eh a eee Re kay Siding: (3)4.0.2 22 ee a ee |e eee ee (QeGATEILA DAS Oe eee een ae OE ee Tees GET Se ee ee Sill Bod ols (1); floor- Wheelbarrow handle} | =e Stakes (2) ing (1). Yio Peniophora affinis___..- (Ree UU Gece ua Byte a ere ae Lie ye eA ae rle AOI ILS Se NEES J ala a EEE na rel oe poate. oe A Ae eee |B Stake (1) JOS CNT pag Se ae eae OE PES SG BE 1 RE Sie es Rn pk A RO House: (1); cabins (2)U2}.2_ S12 eee eS eee OIG ANLE =e eee Pulpwood Rai TOa CRG e ym | meses eee eee Beams and trusses (2)-| Magazine igloo (1)_.__|_-_-.----__----|------------ (6); log in (1); poles cabin (1); (5); posts lumber (1). tase piling i))5 EPRIMOLUI Sy PARE as aN aE ERE SOT ee LS re | Bory a en RG Dee Be ees ela oat Bern Sia Cooling:towers!(4)eoc2s |e ee | ee SRE TiO DNOTAE Ne eee | Wiemann nye nein POLESE C2) ae eS eB EN OS So Ln ST LL eae Sep etn | (ep Stakes (3) ERAT LOY 8) XA Be & Va a ee | ARC Ap pn pe ey) | dS SNS BTN ape HE Sp) a NE Se oe eee keene noes Stake (1) PEC TUL OD ILO A motes eel | ee reer aa Hellroes tie.) |S SESE Ee a Ape 2 | ee a a ee eee 1). PRETO D WOT GD ne ea eae Br RTI eA IE A SA RG STEN ea SA ys 0 fe Pa et | ae | PO Stake (1) Peniophora E_________- Storedilog() =| aia wee tees Ne Se Cs eed SO NS ES eg Rd A Ee aie va ee eee | eee 2 |e Peniophora spp..------| Lumber (2)_-| Railroad tie |__.._.__..._-.-_---_____- Sills (2). 2 2S a ee a ee ee ye post 1). Stereum complicatwm__|.....---------- Posts (2)-_--- BOSE CL) sMCOLTOT A DOSES secre ee eee eee er | eam | Stake (1) (3); launch fender 1). SSDS LOLIL 11 ep ee | eee ee eae Post:(1);:rail-: |: Tugboat; frames (2)'\)}-2 252 = 2-22 eo ee road ties boats (2); tugboat (5). railing (1); tugboat planking (1); tug- boat (1); boat tim- ber (1); ferryboat rail (1); barge cush- ion deck (1). ISERIES OAL ee oP Ne Ne Re NE I | PE Se ee ge ea re ee ses ee a Piers) = Post rail’ ()2|sseeseeee ee Sb WIR Lumber’ (l)j22| 2s. 022-22 oa eee ue a ee oe eae ern ee eee | ee S. purpureum_._------- Pulpwood (6) |-2520--55---2)_ 3. se ee et eee ace a eos et ee ee | er ee S. sanguinolentum....- S. subpileatum SCH I se ee Slereum sp Vararia effuscata____._- Pulplog (1); lumber (2). Lumber (1); pulplog (1). Pulplogs (3) See footnotes at end of table. Pole (1)_--_-- Poles (2)____- Boat batten (1)_------ Boat (1) Insulating board (1); porch step (1). Houses (2) Sill ()_ -_- Joist and sills (7); tim- bers (8); flooring (2). Flooring (4); Stored boards (1); joist (1). Greenhouse board (1)_ Unknown (1) Cold storage room (1); beer vat support (1); cellar bin (1); root cellar (1). Icebox (1); wood fiber product (1). Above Below ground ground “Stake (1) Post rail (1) Stakes Stakes (69) Stakes (5) Stakes (25) Stakes er TABLE 5.—Basidiomycetes associated with various types of wood products '\—Continued Experimental] material Unseasoned | Posts, poles, Fungus raw piling, ties ‘Transportation items Buildings Miscellaneous products Above Below ground ground : Do. “> ROSIN OSs ee ce See ae See ie do_. Do, ead Con hil (ee WS EM fa a 2 an TP od 0 oe ae |e OS Cae ee Window frame. Ses Central \" 8. ie SUPT 10 Sees ee ey a Baldeypress._____- ; House siding. _______. _| Louisiana r 1 bE ES eee) ere CG (pe ee eee a .do_. Do. a Cortictum spp. ...-.-.-.-- 15a): Conifer_. “House sills & joists ae Rhode Island “" MP MOSI72-S ps2 at nee ae Wheelbarrow handle__| Maryland t; FP 103868-Sp_......___.- House flooring.._______ Do. Ng |e rep ie on Test stake _.| Louisiana Phenyl mercury oleate___....._...]____- 0s ees Do. Peniophora affinis Burt__- M Depa ces ae OGredsotes 3 sees She eae do......-..........] Wisconsin POOL OMAre TE (BT haw |e O40G-Sre eee Sees | (On ers se stele aok cae ee ee ee 13 Chit eae SF Connecticut I MOURN Rogers. leh 104862-Sp, 9° |. *) |! Hardwood. :._. l------ 22-2 2--- se el cece Board in cabin________ Maryland bg Jacks. FP 104400-S. Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) | FP 71881_____._________. Pulpwood fe eee North Carolina ’ Mass. WORE Ste eee POSE oe ae eae Arkansas } WP O4S40- Ge eee ei a do Pulpwoddes 2232s Florida Wi 4 (ioe Se ea aid EEO PLT C) aft) (ee) p EEE St Boke * ee ee ee hed do iN sorens ee ee : Pine, PEC a ae ae | [Sa EE ee ee oe See Pr Por (ee ee eer Louisiana Pine, Norway_-___- Baiting beam_______- Pennsylvania ’ Pine, southern __ ‘Téleplione pole_z.32 5°: [2s eee ee 8 MERO=-16 8 ee acs (a ee ee Post. eee ee Virginia SES Piling cesses Tilinois a ee ee do_. Pulpwoed___ Louisiana ac do= Telephone pole_- Do. 58 OE ene y eee do... Lumber__._._____..___| Pennsylvania ae aes SES (

B= UB ao aa eg het fee a conc Sc Se Stored logs) = 22-32 |- (Al derseee Seer ee Copper-chromate MRESTADOS tae ete _| Oregon Pine, southern____} Petroleum _-___-_--_____- Test stake_________ Mississippi DD Og as= fir eer | Re eae ee ee ey ee | eee doe Sle eae _| Wisconsin Oy ee Pe ER Ge No Toa | Ni RR taco a Saale Oe Se Crate a ae | Pe hilippine Islands Ly SNS RLS 0 AS aimee Sy pS oh a aed Greenhouse board_____| Maryland INUEH ON) Test'stake 2532" a= Wisconsin Pine, southern____ es evel (ee ee 0. NED aA 7 a SO GL et PS EA RCL reese s SUA Cao ent ee ca | HORE GO nha ere Mississippi L2G 22 AOU ee OE Ee Beeches: 225 aes Ferryboat frame_____- Ontario Locust, black AT: DOLD OSt== = =seee nee Maryland CORRES ae reemipe Grapevine post_______ Do. Cedarsea Shing lesstaes een Wisconsin Douglas-fir Subioo eee California ML-5, ML-6, ML-9, MLI-11, MI-12, ML-13, MS-10, MS-11, MS-12. a eS Se eA BR ee me Cold storage door_____} Florida Fluor-chrome-rocksalt dinitro- | Test stake_____________ Oregon phenol. Pentachlorophenatessasa assess |paeee do Bays Se Sea eee: = Florida Zine naphthenate Wisconsin GTR ARE aor [Byes Dah a eae POU ae ORL ee eo Virginia WVPM05079=Sprens seen ene Odk-wihitet= 552s Sao eS ee ee eee Beach house step_____- Maryland IMO =aly} lia we aS ee Pine, southern Mestistaker=ssenaa aaa Florida HEP EG44 R46 paw Fact I Set es ees Sk TEL ihe | Sp ea Re See rae ee ee ELOUSC Seer e: District of FP 94486-Sp. Columbia PHT O39 71H S pee a reel | 0) as al A | en a ee a ee oop ee ee a | 02. 7 Sees Maryland mS teesl Coalitars = Sate! 3 eRe eee ee Test post__._.__.._._____| New Jersey Fluor-chrome-arsenate- Test stake_______--___- Oregon dinitrophenol. Oleoresins se eos seek Testi pos t= Do. EVOST1 201] eee Mestistakele wwe sees Do. ZNTNCHCH OTA © eee eee ene ape nee Gost ans See Florida PETES RE LE UP | PRONG SIAL thers Bank eceegany v) OARS are Cooling tower ladder__| Tennessee RD Ste A AL eg carey ee ee House timber_____-_-_] Pennsylvania US Dye Sta phe pute A ANTS) OUI BAS fL Peat eer es | eeee i Neen eaceae ce pie ee phen Motor launch_________] Virginia Eb eee pe She BLES o CAO | RATS Cl) AMS le AI | UR on aE a La oe aed Boat esc e e oe Do. SC Te ies | See deg enna a reaene Ata a oe a Nabreat Porch! Sele eae | Wasconsin) OSU see Hardwood STE Nees at | PEE eae a ca ip a eg eu House timber_~_--_--- Tennessee FP 94360 Pine, longleaf CrEOSO Lome eee Telephone pole_______- South Carolina MD-144, MD-267_____-- Pine, southern____-| Copper naphthenate Testistake=se) meee Mississippi 1D) o)0) Jb\ob(opre eke We el OM ae Re Do. Olecoresinaae seein eevee eh (c (ee ee es Ae Do. Pentachlorophenole 225 222-2 es sees do 22ers Do. peas 2a han coh alae a ge cl dn ei es Oe en umber ees AU tors) BSUS en oe | gee ee ek 0 oe See ae aT SNL Shingles=eee eee Do WP ORES FP 104048-Sp__________- FP 39163_—- 2-2 FP 21244 ae aes as ee P1537 ee eels Se FP 71582-R, FP 71583-R, FP 71584-R, FP 71585-R, FP 71586-R. HPN03280-Reee eee FP 104414-Sp, FP 105489-Sp. Pine, northern Test ammunition box_| Panama Louisiana Florida Mississippi Texas Florida Texas District of Columbia Lead (6 (coe ees (Nhe Abou: | Postsc22 ee eee Do. Post & brace__.--22 2 Georgia docs2-8e 2 ase eee Maryland LE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Host wood Name Collection number Species | Preservative treatment Product Exposure __ Agaricales—Continued _ Polyporaceae—Continued - Daedalea quercina L. ex Fr.| FP 24098-S___...----- Ghiostnit:= Shoe dae gece e tw awoncanw ne dcchauaames sine swinging | Maryland A ISA Des a a ees (Ofrin (Gy Read. SS, 2 Sy OMEN atk IME SS he aon aa vial Le Se ves ie See Mahogany-.---....-|.- eres planking~ 4 RR Ss ee Oaku Sees Rowboat oarlock- J Marine pe ee eee! (ene G (eee een Bs Yacht butt block. New York 1 (0) eee Se ee ee Lee ee PE Ci (a sR Id Tug decking GY Oe ee oe me! Pec ad GC ipa sea Sens Dal Bar ze hatch coamin (| Pee es. See Te oS ee Se ( eae ee += PMG joe = on Be ee Oak, white_____._- Barge cushion dec CR Se ee eae Pine, southern... Pie chime 141 7 () eee ee (0]: eae ee anes eee (Fr.) FP 90898-R_.........--- Pinus virginiana - - arst. Fomes cajanderi Karst...-- L V3) ie Sage Sees ae OAT CD sWOStern woe «| nck aceeta stun cace chews bac ace ane 2) UUM Uere eae oe eee om Mads P=655 35 oe Pine, lodgepole.___ a V7 0s eee Pine, southern. ___|-~- 4p Sept Re SEE ee oll EET (2 (ee ahs ee oe Do. i} fd DES eee ea ae en ane a) ete (3 (SE Ne : .| Mississippi (USS a ee ee Pine, hard____-__- pom il. _| Wisconsin [.} Caren az a= eee eee eee Gli ere Sete Eau Canada r UY) 2) [Se ee Te eee pee oe dope Ss bis d _.| Northwest ‘ rae Le SESE Ree oem Redcedar, western |--- =t Michigan eee Whitecedar_______ oe Maryland FP 6628425 ree Whitecedar, z Boat hull planking___- Do. f Atlantie. IN OSS fo Ua oe ee Sree ee se noe ee on ee ee ee ae teen eee ae . California { IV 420 oR Sas Pine, southern._._| Chromated copper arsenate - _- Stistake: “22325 _| Florida { 15 SLO IY. SR ea ey ened |e (CL Seo Se fed Chromated copper zine arsenate__|_-.-- ( ( Eee ¥ Do. i TV aa es en donee Copper naphthenate____-_______ Pees Do. ; MD [Re 8s eee ae esal sess dose Greosotest Se i ..| Ohio MD-356, MD-360___-__.]----- ( [eae ae See a |S dove sees y $ _.| Florida 2 IMD =1 Ban ear ee eh as domes Drop liquor___- Be eee d _| Oregon MD- ~206, BOGG=BO 2 Foe eee dose ..| Petroleum-__-- .| Wisconsin en 1) 8 MID-2e en oe fcc (i (eer aD ea ee 4 aise nee Nee _ _| Mississippi ee | ee es NT = So. 02 28 oo oe ES dose eee dO aoe ease cee scent F Oregon ‘ EE 0) | ee Michigan PRCT EM ITY StES OTR OXSECY IIR) eee ee ee | Brahe nae ate ee Minnesota f. Kickx. New Jersey r : Wisconsin Fe , Fomes igniarius var. District of if laevigatus (Fr.) Overh. Columbia. 1 Fomes igniarius var. Wisconsin populinus (Neuman) Camp - Fomes 0, cinalis (Vill. ex California Fr.) British Columbia { Oregon Ee a Li See Sp nC aaPORE ES) (OSS « (0 EEE Se [ope merce BE CO eos see ohtheee California Ree = _....---.-| Massachusetts ee OSs ape Smee ay ROLE (SREP =O Louisiana ‘ Mumma (neh Arst.2- 1 G472c-22-.L 2-0 e- =|) Douglas-fir... ..|-92.-5.2--- we i Utah EE EE SE 1 a eee (RE (, eee eee me |e ee i California ET Nt ee ene ee (een eee! nema ae Wisconsin ES RN (ee Ee Set ae ee ee ene arise ee [oni 2 do... Bao sees on on ee a 1 Se EE Sn sens So amen eee an cent ae | MEO LORS ee seme uebec ee i 6 | S002.) <0) 2 2) remlock, western: |-.-.----.----nce- ne nc oc eo. scat e | -ecetO0secno-en sce ccnae Do. 7 Louisiana M Alberta ee ee | O12 oak laa ee |! Pine; loblolliyoooae [be oon sas oe eee oe aes) ROSEZ == Louisiana ‘ Illinois rn O70 -< 2-2... -.._] Pine, sugar:s2-.2_. Michigan i New York > Michigan h S)o pr Coyne) (Av! fon BO) [aus Se a ee ES ae ere -| Oregon WY hitecetar sees ee pee ee tp oe veel ety Be ee ee ..| Kansas Fomes pinicola (Swartz Dong laser eer es oe ea Vie eee Telephone pole___.__-- Oregon ex Fr.) Cke. Bee eae (sfarr,) OCIS be cet slo, 6 es Fee oe ae POS Ae Sah sei ae a ee ee Sace. & D. Sacc. Fomes roseus (Alb. & Gomnifents 2a=-- 5 ils anes we Se ee ees es SoS. House. sce 55 eS District of Schw. ex Fr.) Karst. Columbia Oypross = SACL Se oat ..| North Dakota iy eee : Pulp logs22 2-—- ..| Quebec Hemlock Cold storage room_.__| Michigan TAO: ooo. Fee Dm berets coe Wisconsin Pine, white Sek fy ee Re es Se Do. Spruca*=2- 25. Polpwood 2 ss250223 Ohio Bas Se F ae do Furring strip__........| Canada Be eae ae Sa House sill__...........| Maine Pine, southern....| Pentachlorophenol._-.......-..--- Test: atake 22 3.5 cs2 Mississippi Ganoderma applanatum PeRARHOMMing ree |. fans ae een Oo eee ee oe Boatoe es. ae Wisconsin (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat. Lenzites betulina Sweetgum____._.._/__- hin See ee eels ALS om beri. Sana on Do. (L. ex Fr.) Fr. Titer es sae LE REE Ey Se aay ee ee Teena ama ae Railroad tie____..._._- Oregon Lenzites saepiaria Op—42-26, 14N5; * Oona = 356 acts Pe eke ont Boe ada ase Be aaea se a Telephone pole_...._-- South Dakota (Wulf. ex Fr.) Fr. Coa 15N11; | FP fo5t68-Sp et RB ee COV TINGRA eee te or fees eR es, concinckdod VR en06 10@ == wate ee Maryland a yh ait (1.7. 5 RN ec | Douglas-fir_....... Leber as i mo aa tr warn Winter 12x12 beam on ground! Virginia See footnotes at end of table, 19 TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items Fungus Name Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae—Continued Lenzites saepiaria (Wulf. x Fr.) Fr.—Continued Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr.- See footnotes at end of table. 20 —Continued Host wood Collection number MC-43, MC-44, 4807_-_- MS-1, MS-2, MS-3, Ms, MS-5, MS-6, FP 103227-Sp FP 104090-Sp FP 104083-Sp_.---_-_-_- ODN 7=b seen 4, 5096-57, 5096-66. IVD =5 00a enn FP 104087-Sp_---------- FP 104050-Sp_______--_- EP 104086-Sp, EP 104088-Sp. ASR-329, ASR-404____- ASR-391, ASR-392, ASR-394, ASR-396, ASR-397, ASR-398, ASR-399, ASR-401, ASR-402, ASR-408. ASR-395, ASR-409___-_- INSIREND eo ee eee Pine, white Pine, ponderosa___ Preservative treatment Species Product Douglas-fir________ Pine, lodgepole Pine, southern___- Pentachlorophenol______ Phenyl mercury oleate Acid copper chromate__-________ dosnaiss Naee Chromated copper arsenate____ -| Test stake Aircraft carrier deck___ ROSt-ral] eae eee Tower top_------ Tower brace____ Test platform_________ Rail-post test___ Lumber-___-_--_- = Garage dora Raas Re deck planking__ Barge hull plank______ Barge deck plank_____ House joist umber Mill weaving shed roof Utihty poles == =a Bridge timber___ Test stake____ Test post Test sae es ee Telephone pole (top) _- Test stake Gate brace__-_-------- Mestistakes2=-o es Motor launch fore- peak fillers. Motor launch deck-___- Motor launch locker seat. Motor launch oar-_---- Whaleboat forepeak thwart. Motor launch thwart - Auto eee! Sess eee Exposure Oregon Mississippi .| New York Mississippi _| Wisconsin Do. Arkansas Florida Illinois Missouri Wisconsin Connecticut _| Wisconsin Do. Oregon Wisconsin Florida Midwest U.S. North Dakota Virginia Louisiana District of Columbia Virginia Louisiana Massachusetts North Carolina Florida Pennsylvania Maryland Mississippi South Dakota North Dakota Florida Mississippi Do. Florida Georgia Mississippi Louisiana Mississippi Wisconsin Mississippi Louisiana North Carolina Mississippi Wisconsin Mississippi Do. Do. Virginia Do. Do. Do. Do. _ Do. Wisconsin District of Columbia _| New York Wisconsin Illinois ee pea aie -— , arcales— Continue ‘olyporaceae—Continued “Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr.—Continued See footnotes at end of table. Fungus | Y” —Continued Host wood Collection number | Species Preservative treatment “Pine, sugar Pine, white ea do_- | Shingle Willow... 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items Product Exposure Michigan Wisconsin South Dakota Michigan Wisconsin Florida Virginia Wisconsin Do. District of Telephone pole__ Sailboat cabin. _- Auto frame. Fence post. _ Manca logs. ces ececen Srna frame.......- Pennsylvania llino New York Delaware New Jersey New York eee ee Do. Virginia California Boa Tele shone booth__ Porch trim__------ Auto body District of Columbia Steamer seat.-.-...-.--- Outdoor theater seat. Garage siding. _-_.-._- Builoinpse- sone Sutgnionie body- Maryland Pul i Wisconsin Railroad tie__......._. Do. Cruiser New York Michigan Railroad tie Pennsylvania Laminated panel_- Wisconsin Boat gun whale-_- Railroad tie District of Columbia South Dakota New York Minnesota Wisconsin Do. Ohio Wisconsin Pennsylvania Wisconsin Tennessee Do. Illinois South Dakota Kansas Illinois Kentucky New Jersey Missouri Iowa Illinois Wisconsin Gane Moar ae we roe shutter. _.__- Do. v irginia Do. Wisconsin Telephone pole Siding Cooling tower. .320 22 |e Boat plywood... .._- Lawn, chair........... RlOGrNg i < eetecencenu Wisconsin Boat plywood_.______. California 21 TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Collection number Name Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae—Continued Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr.—Continued Merulius himantioides Fr._ FP 104405-Sp FP 104425-Sp FP 104042-S Merulius lacrymans Wulf. ex Fr. Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt. MD- 312 Merulius tremellosus VD S4.5 es eI A ae Schrad. Lo-10-Sp------ 12 7a Cees bei FP 103954-Sp B1-58, B1-68, B1-77____- JP 12-5la_ FP 103869-Sp__ FP 103954-Sp FP 104040-Sp Merulius spp.--- Polyporus abietinus Dicks. ex Fr. Polyporus adustus Willd. ex Fr. Polyporus amarus Hedge. Polyporus anceps Pk,--__- Polyporus arcularius Batsch ex Fr. Polyporus balsameus Pk... MD-445, MD-446, MD-448. See footnotes at end of table. 22 Host wood Species Douglas-fir________ Hemlock, western_ Pine, lodgepole____ Pine, southern ___ Pine, lodgepole____ Pine, southern_ ___ Douglas-fir________ Pine, ponderosa___ Pine, southern____ Douglas-fir________ Locust, black_-_-_- Pine, jack Spruce, northern white. Pine, southern. -__ Fir, balsam Pine, southern____ Preservative treatment do Chromated copper arsenate_______ Creosote Fluor-chrome-arsenate- dinitrophenol Pentachlorophenol-__- d Petroleum Rosinamine D copper acetate Vaccinol Copper chromate Ammoniacal copper arsenite______- Copper chromate__--___-_-________ Ammoniacal copper arsenite Copper naphthenate Cope, chromate_-____- Acid copper chromate_____________ Chromated zine arsenate__ Product Boat plywood__----__- Canibodiyasnae eae Railroaditie:-- === Telephone pole________ Railroad tie Railroad tie== Baggage car Test post Board from house “Stake on ground Mestipostass= ssa House foundation House beam TBE from house attic. Board from old house_ House timber Fence post Vineyard post____ Pl pywio0 dese Pienic table____ Old fence post Wood piled as road- block. Stored log pulpwood_- Stored log Machiner y foundation Lumber Exposure Virginia Delaware Illinois South Dakota Illinois South Dakota South Carolina New York Midwest U.S, Wisconsin Mississippi Louisiana Do. Wisconsin Illinois Oregon Maryan Oregon Delaware Washington Illinois Connecticut Missouri North Carolina New York Do. Montana Pennsylvania New York Massachusetts Minnesota Virginia California Oregon Colorado Maine New York Pennsylvania Massachusetts New York Wisconsin Do. Do. Do. Indiana Maryland New York Maryland South Carolina Indiana Mississippi Oregon Maryland Do. District of Columbia Wisconsin New York Wisconsin Do. Do. Missouri Oregon California Canada Wisconsin Massachusetts Wisconsin Florida Mississippi Wisconsin ot es balsameus Pk. _ —Continued. + Polyporus croceus Pers, ex a lyporus dichrous Fr... _. olyporus fragilis Fr 0 lyporus bh Ae (Schw.) =F porus hirsutus Wull. ex Fr. olyporus palustris Berk. & Curt. Pi /porus pargamenus Fr._ yporus schweinitzii Fr._ a Pot spraguei Berk, Be Uph Sole sulphureus ears gine ens *) ml ¥ res oe ee — Basic fomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Host wood Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product Exposure (1 te Sete eh ee Pine, southern. __- Coppensas chromated zine chlo- | Test stake..........._- Wisconsin ride. b 2 ee. Ae (i( ja Ses ae Pentachlorophenol._...........-..|----- eee = Se Do. WP 70088=Re 5 eee RGHGSHRUT oases ees | eo eee MORES or ae ae mera Nn ape son ee pi Maryland UP WLOGSOS=S Dane te oo] PU ese oe et ee ok eet dees awe dnak's ch deacons et eabin joists and Do. Ogs. ~ POLO A Se eer we oe | at a ee ee AE i oe a ee ee Sole eee Root cellar roof board. Do. eee Reet eo SEI Pind: GOUT NOrm mend |e Leet ee ee ec Saas | OR OYOD OSC, nee del eter ees IT) =2558ece Se oS ee (: (nce 5 Oe -Pentachlorophenol Test stako.. =o yee Wisconsin LOE Go ase sae . Pa uiteunbibnh Lave Z YWO0Gs-) og cease New Jersey HG} Us See BG) 0} :) re see Dt en cele tae wiles owe sen ROLL COO ODL eee eens Michigan f(y oe ee ee Pe Oak, NUDES see = ICE ps rt eens Son ake te ai eects CLO ee see cae Illinois IS: 2 ee eee Sweetgum_ PE se ok aie oer se ne Re eS i ees ae eee Georgia a Pdi meee eet e os Pine, lodgepole___| Creosote.....__.._........-...-.--| Telephone pole...____- North Dakota fan oe eee oe ae) 7 OR Bee eee eal SF PPE EIS : Warship bridge. -- South Carolina Motor Isunch.__ Virginia Boat deck plan Gilbert Islands do Virginia Hardwood E Do, Mahogany B Do. Maple, suga Do. Do. Dyenorss roof and | New Jersey trusses. Schooner decking ____- District of Columbia POSt. ae ears 2 Georgia do. Mill roof__ South ae Pine, southern a HT South U.S. ley coach- Louisiana PAO Tro ...| Railroad tie__- Mississippi Foca Ons e See Do. Surface flume carry- | Louisiana ing water. Telephone pole___- Maryland Boat planking Ontario -| Lumber----- Massachusetts Acid copper chromate. f a cae ate Mississippi Chromated copper arsenate-- Do. Chromated copper zine arsenate__|__._- Ok eee) eee Do. Nickelistearate-c2225e.02 seen ena Do. ee temioub od nceues ceane cal eeees U0 seeeeeeamee Do. EEL See et ne ee ee Ieee Do. A RE [a (ere oa oe rs SOI oF Ae NE Virginia Sane Ohio ee ee 0. Porch chair___-- ..| New York 517-- 2 ...| Mine structure........ Pennsylvania FP 104022-R, SOIT OSG oe ie eh | ese ee eee apse, Sarees Utility pole on ground_| Florida FP 104023-Sp. RPM OGGUS = Rano. sane sens pests aseten pscees pease coe tiie Saas cee enae OSb2 =e eon eet Do, Discarded bolts used Do. as support. Motor launch locker seat. Pulpwood Stored log-.-<2--cae2s0 | sense eens Outdoor seataseesee ee ee ener oe Arkansas Ontario Maryland New Jersey Boat pla ‘Tennessee Cruiser cat Michi Boat gusset. Virgin: Laminated s New York Pulp chips_- Michigan Laminated t Wisconsin Boat chime California 00> Pennsylvania Virginia mold. Wagon body__._.-_- Pennsylvania Lumber. Virgin — bat Pennsylvania Onks whites coe |e~ ane OSS errand bet (i ee ae < _| Boa Sie sie Ee Se ee online tower Garage plank. _- Boat floor tread. Railroad tie. Copper chromate..................| Test post..... eg Greosi testes saekn Soe aued Telephone pole.- North Dakota Tetrachlorophenol Test stake be aU ae d .| Pentachlorophenol d Eee aha fs ee i Sy d Oregon RP PBS a 0 SE eS Ae eee (1 EPS. SER SEES Re ee So ...-.--.-.| Mississippi s sent , TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Name Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae—Continued See footnotes at end of table. 24 Polyporus versicolor L. ex Fr.—Continued POL DON USHA we eee ee Poly pOnwsiSPDsese= eee Poria ambigua Bres.__----- Collection number Host wood Species Preservative treatment Poria carbonica Overh. _--- 156 Poria cinerascens Bres. complex.? Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf__ Poria ferruginosa (Schrad. ex Fr.) Karst. Poria incrassata (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. ME-90, ME- 94, ME-97, ME-98. nee 50 4808 CZ-1, CZ-2, CZ-3, CZ-4, CZ-5, CZ-6, MD-109 MD MD-411 M D-215 Nickel-sulphate/sodium phosphate Pentachlorophenol Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol__ Pentachlorophenol 1 eae GOEL 2S: wees Re esd Oe ee ee ae ae sae do___..__......| Chromated copper zine arsenate _ - Pine, southern__-_.| Chromated copper arsenate______- ial COL ees Creosote: a este ane) HEare do__..___.__...] Petroleum_- POA ee Teal Conifer: 2232 2s | Gee lea Dou glas-finkas eee eee Hemlock, western_ Alderan siete se ei INO Gre peels Se GO SSR ae fF ieee es Douglas-fir sees | Bless GOR OSs Sree ae ee ed rae Een] OC keene Fluor-chrome-arsenate dinitrophenol. Pine, lodgepole____| Copper chromate_-________________ a0 Chromated copper zine arsenate _ _ Copper naphthenate______________ do Product Motor launch locker seat. Cooling tower_________ caren do Telephone pole________ Test stake___-_________ Telephone pole________ Boat frame & fillers___ Tug deck house sill___ Telephone pole________ Power pole__----____-- House cellar beam ____ Dockipiling= = IBoatimas (aaa aaa Tug hatch closing____- Tug planking. ________ Mire iceilin pass ae eae Boat anchor post____-_ Subflooring___________ Telephone pole spar arm. Telephone pole_______- TReStTIDOS i =aeee ne eee met Stake ees Subflooring___________ Chips from storage piles. Jest DOS lassen =e Lumber in Navy shop_ House kitchen floor___ MDeStipOs (eae see Barn window sill_ —___ Stud din pees House floor & joists ___ Warehouse post_______ O_- House flooring__ House supporting post- Flooring d Exposure Do. Pennsylvania Idaho Virginia Illinois Wisconsin Wisconsin Pennsylvania New Mexico Virginia Ontario Do. Oregon Do. Washington Massachusetts New York Oregon New Jersey West Coast Washington Do. Do. California Oregon Do. Do. Florida Do. Mississippi New York California Washington Georgia Oregon Virginia Maryland Oregon Louisiana Florida Mississippi Florida Do. Do. Mississippi Maryland California 0. Illinois Nebraska Oregon Nebraska California Florida Pennsylvania Florida District of Columbia Wisconsin New York Florida Tennessee South Carolina Oregon Pennsylvania Nebraska Virginia ‘Tennessee Washington Pennsylvania ‘ TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Host wood Name Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product Exposure Agaricales—Continued olyporaceae—Continued Poria incrassata aoe ep RO S9070 ene ok ee House timber. ......_- District of Curt.) Burt.— Columbia FP 59125-R ate : Building timbers... ._- Do. FP 71984-R __ d ais House flooring... ..._- Do. FP 94330-R __ i Building timbers_____- Virginia FP 94343-R House joists and floor- | District of . ing. Columbia : Mloorings=o- 222 ence New York & Subflooring..........- Louisiana ~ Mlooring!= ee eeoceee Missouri &. ae are Gas 98 | CR Te ee oo Seatac ans | paeen 10 seme eis seers | ROT RIEL “| Re ee ane renee South Carolina RE Ss (iT EE ce UR (a ioe) ost Sec = erro cae a ee |e dot aes eee Alabama ra Flooring. .-.------ ..--| Virginia Rao A eee ated Florida Plooring=2 ee she Missouri re er ee LG 2402) COLI enn ob ee dO se coos ee Soc oe ones ce pede ememnunaay susnasomenecee|fadan dop2-i4 ee ee Texas | SSG cane So Ee qu a Ee Se OL oe ae see SORE do..............-.-] New Jersey 5 Sadi bcbeee ste Hes Spe cee ae fae GO eee eee | Ae Drie IIE CER ECE Se Se eae pee P ET, (, Te ee Ree) hee ee Sek Soe eee eral meee (: (eee ee ee ee |S fe eo Siditig 2s aa Ohio z Dum berise ses toeee ue Louisiana mre 8 ADL SI DGQ ee ac don eo sek cde crnepe ae censtevaceneeee | sdoa GO 22 eee ee Florida 7 Door. ee Virginia x Blooringsj==22 eee District of 4 Columbia y Baseboard___...._..-.} Ohlo . MOOK ge ene see eee Florida : nm bere ee Mississippi Basement stairway --| Pennsylvania Subflooring. ....._....| Georgia House flooring._....__| Virginia JOISt =e eee ee Georgia a 3|\ Wlooring 33.3 2 Soe a er ee fe OCR O00: 1950 et = do ne eee eae ee Ora een d. ae Newey. or, Lumberss25- 52 ee Illinois ETO SO My oe eae Louisiana G Plooring= = <-<*_<<.--=* Tennessee a, Dum bens. 8 ee Pennsylvania - Moldings Seo Florida & Doors tee Do. Tam bere soe 2 ess Indiana Blooring=< 2222s Louisiana Walle 23 a Florida Ioumibers: ee ees Missouri Blotise oe et Georgia 22] *PlOOrINg. 5 =: 528 8 Kentucky | eee do__........--.....] North Carolina SS SUS ee eee Mississippi 4 dorstep sess eeeeee oe Pennsylvania 7 Flooring? 222-38 ‘Tennessee , eee (: See ae Se SYN eT: See cage ees Do. 4 a (1 eRe eee Virginia 1, Baia wallcitess Oregon Stake... 6223-2 eee ’ Building. ___._- sooo Georgia an 13 Git Vee ae SE Se District of é Columbia , House floors & walls__| South Carolina i House studs & flooring} Virginia House timber__..__._-| District of ~ Columbia Boilding- 252-2 2 oes. Oregon House... -- Pennsylvania e wee il ..-| Oregon " House subflooring..__. District of , Columbia ERD Ov hee a rel | Me ee cae |e tered i ete ate is Sn ee House plers-_-_---...--.- North Carolina ee. ae 3] Ses cem ena Oa dee eat a aa aan ane House floor & joists___| District of Columbia , L-11504-Sp__._._.-. | | Oe Bel ee i ee a ee eee Wooden bridge plank_| Florida , MD-331_- Mt, E Chromated copper arsenate ake Mississippi MD-261- Chromated copper zine arsenate at ...| Wisconsin M D-64__ ¥ _.| Copper naphthenate Mississippi be toate tk Seas! (Paes oe FJuor-chrome-arsenate- 3 Do. dinitrophenol. a mappa Overh. & | L-3377-R__.._--..------ Bal Bridge handrail____.___.| New York we. Poria monticola Murr. --_-|__- eh Ae eee a i ......--.-| Boat compartment____| Pennsylvania 138__ ye tt er ae | pet ASE : a Boronia hull plank- Do. ng. eA id SARE Fl do. Se oe 3 ......| Cruiser hull bottom___ Do. H-460-Sp_ 4-3 ee aces ‘ House sills & piers__..| Ohio H-490-R - aed =t a aie SS 2) Joneses aU ee Do. R- 21551 - J See ee E : ...-| Boat compartme nt__..| Massachusetts ens be House joists & string- Maryland | ers. (Peas Onna ier ed _..| Cypress. i | oP Be ee ee Ait Seo , Cruiser chime._...___- | Michigan 1 Oe OEE a a ee eee | Popes ees | Saha. eee Tanibercie sae | Ohio See footnotes at end of table. 4 25 TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, —Continued Fungus Name Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae—Continued Poria monticola Murr.— Continued. Poria nigra (Berk.) Cke.__| § Poria nigrescens Bres. complex. See footnotes at end of table. 26 Host wood Collection number 69: 4763, 4764 Franklin 5, White Plains 108. FP 94153-Sp FP 94182-R__. Lo-13-R, Lo-20-R, Lo-21-R, Lo-22-R, Lo-45-R. Species Preservative treatment Series Sitka Whitecedar, Atlantic. Chromated copper arsenate_______ Creosote Be SC OE Seren ee ei | eae aa LO ES TICE ee hay eer tee eats Pinemlodzepolewes| meses GO keaten ees ee eee een aneena ame Pine, southern____| Acid copper chromate____________- Chromated copper arsenate_ Copper naphthenate do Fluor-chrome-arsenate- dinitrophenol. do Locust, black ____ and preservative treated items Product Exposure Washington Pennsylvania Wisconsin California New Jersey Maryland West Coast Florida Washington 0. Boat covering board __ Boat ceiling Restistake== epee Mississippi Motor launch ceiling__| Virginia Motor launch rising___ Do, Motor launch studding Do. House District of Columbia Oregon Do. Maryland Washington Massachusetts Ohio Oregon Maryland Oregon Wisconsin Maryland Washington Window shade picket_ Structural timber_____ Ohio New York Seer lll Oregon New York Do. Do. Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Whaleboat beam Connecticut House subflooring New York House’ beam.--\-2_vi22|02 See Florida Oregon New York Cruiser hull Cruiser planking______ Schooner stringer______ Yacht planking_______ Ferryboat planking __ Post Colorado California Oregon Virginia Do. Oregon Oregon California Do. New Jersey Telephone pole spar | Oregon arm. Telephone pole Mest posteanssee= Telephone pole__ Test sae ee: eee Do. North Dakota Wisconsin Washington Mississippi Wisconsin Connecticut Ohio North Carolina New Jersey Wisconsin Mississippi Wisconsin Mississippi Louisiana Florida Louisiana Wisconsin Louisiana Florida > HS 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items : —Continued : Fungus Host wood Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product Exposure _Poria nigrescens Bres. L/P er REG WOd0 Mey eee | ean a ee ete rea ete tedimeerenne as Cooling tower struc- | Kansas 2 complex *—Continued. tural member, ML-36, 4795, 4850, 4855, |_____ OO eee ats an | Ses pane Oe one tote cute cas abl ee ae d0s.3. Texas 4897, 4900, 4933, 4963 856, District of Columbia West Virginia Michigan , Florida Maryland New York Do. Florida Cruiser knet Michigan a es Boat timbe Florida Cruiser chi Michigan Cruiser frame _- New York __........| Barge timbers = Poria oleracea Davidson | MD-21.................- TL OQUIR p setethen ca esc [cesarean eee net ore Insulator pin____- 7 & Lombard. WOMARQNG oe, oo ecpede ened Mahogany; “al sseenascuaneccetes _.| Cruiser planking. ee Oe oe ook no eee ce \ PES Sy ase | See ees Bore post_- som. Bee OO aaace Cura eaten sane aed pSoeoecneeebeoecupecse Tug boat frame. -._-___- Pennsylvania ek dy i ..-| Cooling tower______--- Texas ‘ “ pas S| Pennsylvania “ p Boat... Massachusetts y 5096-50 a Creosote. ..--.-- i South U.S. Copper chromate- ‘Tennessee Fluor-chrome-dinitrop Z Wisconsin : Oleoresin_-____- Do. “a M Drop liquor-_- ES e Do. " yok arenocinice® (AOD. |) Kora LOSL6G—Spa-- 2.2222) ard wood. os. ce] 2s eee el) Log foist in cabin 222 Maryland = we. SR DETTIIIRELOMTSA CF? Re ie Es aoe eS eK genate fo i nes we dees ap nace tcc coe ae!) BGS POstsc eas ee Do. , Sace. = Florida 2) Bse. Fos eee bas | eS 4 3 Georgia \y Pentachlorophe i Oregon 5 Pine, southern. Chromated zine chiori Wisconsin Bot, (eee eee Pr di d y Florida Chromated copper zinc arsenate - -|_ dos oe __| Wisconsin Chromated zine arsenate__________ e Florida sey Mississippi ‘ Florida ‘i MD-377, MD 379, i‘ Bou 5, pis 19, P-70, South Carolina p-361, 4614, Roe nel Re fs eee eae ol Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol Florida Pentachlorophenate Do. eRe o VAN CAC) 11 (+) u (: (; Do. Beare di Ea pec dons o-® “| Georgia Greenhouse bench. __-| Maryland ___— Poria subambigua Bres. - -- 8 Outdoor seat___..____- Wisconsin x al __ Poria tenuis (Schw.) Cke.- FP 94361-R- La WE aon body. 22222 Wisconsin hy 103661-Sp_. =A Poabu =. 2 .eeocoseee Virginia Motor boat cabin__-_- District of Columbia Leta eme anne Maryland .| Colorado Pennsylvania New York es Wisconsin Subflooring California Testistake- 2. 2c. Ses Wisconsin Harness doubletree. .- S| tle House porch step...._. BLOUBG ae eee Shei one ....--| District of Columbia House girder. _......_- Pennsylvania | House sill_------ 22° Illinois Soil test blocks._._.._- New Jersey | EIOURB Siok om ee coane Vv ine | House sills & joists___. House timber____...-- New. Toate = 2 Cy RS ee SE District of | | Columbia 4 _ Poria unita (Pers.) Cke... ___ Poria vaillantii (Fr.) Cke.- 80... =| MC-4, MC-19, MC-21, MC~26, MC~27. . See footnotes at end of table. 27 TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items Fungus Name Agaricales—Continued Polyporaceae—Continued Poria vaillantii (Fr.) Cke. —Continued. Poria xantha (Fr.) Cke.-__- POT Ane eae en ee rte Poria B See footnotes at end of table. 28 —Continued Host wood Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product HYIP 943.22 eee eese eee a aes Fen © sae es ttiemtyen VED) =3 54a eee nes ine wiackeeees seas MC-2, MC-16, MC-18, | Pine, lodgepole-_-_- MC-22. AAT 222 Ake ee eee Pine; southernse ao hehe Se ra ee eae eee eee Sheathing Seen aes House timbers--__----- Wood under house_-_- Housesst ho see eae Laser sjobems doses! Old barre: iPineysouthern sss | see eee Test stake_ Red cad ar swes terri] | eae ean am mien aunlgmannes teense |Eaimen dos == NGD=279 ee es Douglas-fir Seas Copper chromate___-.____-_------- Test post_____ i chromates copper zine arsenate - - Ee ee Bose MD-155, MD-156, MD-175, MD-176. 197: FP 103870-Sp FP 105494-Sp Pine, southern- __- Douglas-fir_____--_ min’ lodgepole____ Copper zine chromate__ Creosotestz i ee es Drop liquor Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol_ Pentachlorophenol Petroleum~--__----- Pyrosote__-.-_--- Rosin oil______-_- Zine chloride Chromated copper arsenate- Pine, ‘oneleat paibeie Ty ES eae ements oe Pine, southern Cottonwood, black] Pentachlorophenate________- Douglas-fir_______- Creosotes. ae ta eee sass Os ee Se I ad OMLIES Peo PEES Re See dons anes | PRentachlorophenoleasessees= Pine, lodgepole____| Creosote__-_----_------------ Acid copper chromate_______ Chromated copper arsenate_ do G seosie pentaenlorooencll Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol_ Pentachlorophenol-_-_----__- Chromated copper zine arsenate _ _ Copper naphthenate________ do Aircraft carrier_- Cruiser transom---__--- Cruiser planking_-__--_- Boat butt block___-__- Sailboat horn timber_- Boat upright2:2 = Cruiser floor support __ Cruiser transom______-_ Barge deck______ umbes Cruiser transom_ Barge deck beams_ Yacht planking_-_____ Log in old cabin___-___ Board on ground-_____- Barge planking________ Test stake_______ Boat decking _- Concert barge Test post Telephone pole_______- ee d 3 Testipost=ss-sh 2 ae Telephone pole_______- Test stake rielephone Dolemunaeae Testistakes:-<- 2 -sase2 Telephone pole__-_-_-- Test stake___- a Taiepnone polesee aes Test post welephone poles ses Exposure Pennsylvania Michigan Wisconsin New York District of Columbia Maryland New York Pennsylvania Do. Wisconsin Do. Oregon Florida Mississippi Wisconsin Connecticut Florida Wisconsin Maryland Connecticut Maryland Do. .| Washington Virginia Do. California Do. Washington California Washington Florida Gilbert Islands Massachusetts New York Virginia Do. Washington Virginia Michigan Maryland Virginia Mississippi Wisconsin Connecticut New Jersey California District of Columbia Oregon Washington Oregon Do. North Dakota Oregon Mississippi Florida j Virginia i Oregon , Illinois : Wisconsin New Jersey Wisconsin Florida Colorado oT rs a Do. Washington Oregon Do. Mississippi Georgia Wisconsin Do. ae BL! BT. —Basidiomycetes associated with decay é, cae woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continue Fungus Host wood Name Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product Exposure aricales—Continued aba eee Continued eet ee eer H ste a Ae MS, ee en ae a eee Pennsylvania ae k Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol Mississippi ae aye | es dO cosse nw aen ae NOlbOTeSIN. 2e 8s ee che wadees Eat Do. Jee ee: Se ee SS Sel ese es Pentachlorophenate__ eee Do. 3 poe ee pel (SE | eer oes eee el Phenyl] dichlor arsine aE Do. Seat Rosinamine D-copper-acetate _____ $ Do, cas f ...| Copper naphthenate________- _| Porch flooring. Oregon ene peer [ers s spon eed | Seater erewen fee! eacn nese ceca: | OUSG TOOL BUD Vv a ete DOUBIES-firszo2 a5. S| SoS eases oe eo en |r Indiana Gee oe Locust, black - Maryland west L House joist.__- 0. 0 (ES ee we SES I eee be dee ese ae House floor sills. Pennsylvania DOCUMENTA CACO MRES | Mee ee cae ee a aoe) | BOLO CY DIOS9 cn aAee [bor na ccenpec cp cet wench aeaseecnnon ber Greenhouse bench____| Minnesota = OTnTE 8) GI aS Cy Soe eee re Oonllarser 3S 2c eee ee see ee Sea eee House District of Columbia “ Pennsylvania i Treas? supporting District of ] board. Columbia 600 00 eee ee ew esa | ee UO nam Sram clcuel men nn sone ene annem w ase w nen noses House sills & Soe Virginia ee | oe ee a a aa House joists-_ Maryland po eae aoe | We ne ee eee eee eee Se a eee nL d Virginia ee ene MU) AS oe seen) ee ol) Pine, sontherm==-2)5 282 2_ oo 22 Woes Soo ceneneeneranca- Test stake___ Wisconsin 7 LOST month ees Seep eae tl Rp a et WY (Uy hn, i act ne ee ee occ ee era ee pole 2) Ree ES ee Ea a (ere ate ra [oper eae ease, ear aaa ee apa 0. P Creosote South Carolina NS bt EIN et SS 5 a] CI OL UN) [RS en UE «Co ey ae Wan ee ye no ee Ss 5 . iw HOT I Sek as SS Pie) as rt ae) Gy Ss Soe SS See See See) eee d — Trametes hispida Bagl.___- O} dal Cee Smee = del [Sa BRA aes ES Oe Se eo oldie Trametes odorata (Wulf. Creosote New York hs ex Fr.) Fr. { Trametes sepium Berk, - -- Wisconsin Arizona + Wisconsin Euaee sae an : ety: Cottage step-_ 0. _. Trametes serialis Fr._ ._--- Telephone pole-- Wyomin _ d Telephone pole (cross New Yor NN eS eer! nme C Baer teeerare Saal pea eee ee ee ee emery] [ol cf 1111 eee epee ae California 7 Ohio p Washington Minnesota California it Idaho \f Refrigerator door... --- Maryland i. Boat mast_...........| Massachusetts ! Florida = Wisconsin A Ohio & Iowa : Louisiana hi District of , Columbia i] Virginia | Pennsylvania x California Agaricaceae Ad orca mellea (Fr.) 7O0Q! 22 eee Os i ce ee ca een nece wens | UIE OBI: eee oer Georgia : a i URC Va eGR oe RS eel eee ne ee cee oe ere Auto body 2-25-5522 Ohio ' Michigan | GQ 8 2 2 re MO waco nonce on | tweet onnenecccapseseeenssseenacseees Wisconsin pa RE SE sl [SOE ne SR Ee ae ee eee Alabama re Sl WP IOROR Spe 8 1 Conifer. <_- 22a. e Jens eee e no eee ek Maryland iy. a nopilus sp..--.-.----- BAG Sie eee eee aoe aoe WEG, SOUR ERD Jace [mew enn mn ena meee em = ane a Fence post. ‘ 'ypholoma spp.----------- ese sulphate-sodium phos-| Test stake..........__. ‘ phate. ] Pantachlorophensite = sos2.oee=- 75) 60 eae ocean nee Do. 30 do Phenyl] mercury oleate. _-_.__ Sdos ECS Si Do. Lentinus kauffmanii F REIS Ss a ee ae heecenioe Sasa Board at box factory__| Oregon A. H. Smit Lentinus lepideus 17 ee : Railroad tie___ ...-| Wisconsin 1 ely: ae = Utility pole Colorado 57, 69, P86, 94, MD-240 Telephone pole New Mexico f ME-38S._- eR Re Be 2 A RS ES eS a, [se oT Se Oregon PORE oe oan Wisconsin j Railroad tio........... Washington iF 535 : Gambon eae Wiscons Teast ntake coe es Do. 7 do. Utility pole. .......... Colorado mn RT CSOD” NA CSS 4 os Pes ide oe Oe, coca cnet a eete a decee seed Senet @O soe cocaeeenee eat iscons' Do. bore 35 New York See footnotes at end of table. TABLE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued Fungus Host wood Name Collection number Species Preservative treatment Product Exposure Agaricales—Continued Agaricaceae—Continued Lentinus lepideus Fr.— Telephone pole________ South Carolina Continued. Barge hull timber_____ Maryland Barge deck beams_-___ Virginia Railroad tie__-.____-__ Georgia House timber_-______-_ District of : Columbia | Railroad tie Northwest U.S. do Eg Test post ---| Michigan MC-3, MC-31, MC-32, | Pine, lodgepole____ Test stake. Mississippi MC-35, MC-36, MC-38. IM'©=20'22 25 satan soso eae Gots sss esse | Pesto SS es eee eee ee ee dob ee a ee Wisconsin RIO} Aq1 1595 AR2 555 sense Go toes Se eres Pea eee Re See ee ee Utility polel=2 = Colorado Op-5, A-16, 29-3N, 64, Op-64, 190, 882. Op-1, Op-2, Op-4, Op-5, |_-__- Comtesse eso 5s eee eee ae Te eee Telephone pole________ Do. Op-6, Op-7, Op-8, Op-9, Op-13, Op-14, Op-15, Op-16, Op-18, Op-19, Op-20, Op-21, Op-22, Op-25, Op-27. 626q 15 Saen Ss oeee saee Massachusetts ;. 1203 22s here ees ee Kansas 204 eS a eh eee Massachusetts 225 (ees o2 ] en eed New Jersey 1034, 1038, 1072.--------- South Dakota Ba G4 ieee Oot ee Colorado Opa8att seee Ss eee Do. PHT 2 ae es ae South Carolina YP i4199 Sooo 2 ee ee Minnesota BP 040810 Ss eset Colorado MED=211e ces a ees Washington MD-238, MD-239, New Mexico MD-241. MD-464, MD-465, Pine, lodgepole_-___|----- 022s es ede ee ade as ee ae 6 (0 ee ee ge ae North Dakota MD-466, MD-467, MD-470, MD-473, MD-474, MD-476, MD-478, MD-479. MD-334, MD-335__-_-- |___-- dose sa te ae ores OSS eee eee ree |e New Mexico MD-6, MD-8, MD-9__-|_--_- dota tore mee | Ree do__ Wyoming IVD) = 22a SS oo Pee dona ees do-- Northwest U.S. BOQG 47 sae ees (oe eee eas Oe dor sch eee ees South Dakota 231i 2931p 2340 eee en | ent dora Pentachlorophenol-------------_-- ili Montana MD-30, MD-66, MD-67]| Pine, southern____| Chromated copper arsenate_.-__-__ Mississippi VLA py nescence | ala (eee aD ee d Do. SDD =o b eee oat ace ace ae oe (0 Coe ys ee South Carolina WED SAB 8 Ea Sore ence See ol ee does | ee do New Jersey AQAD Sorento ae UE EAI (oie eee Copper naphthenate-_-____________- Texas 5096-18, 5096-19__________]_____ doses seat Fluor-chrome-dinitrophenol Florida 5096-26, 5096-27 d do Wisconsin 1360s = eee Noes Se eee Louisiana 5006-33 22 = eo ee IE ee d d Texas 5096 = 3 anaes eens | arene Arizona North Carolina Ohio Mississippi Do. Connecticut 7 California ’ Florida c MD-364, MD-368, MD-376, MD-424, MD-425, MD-426, MD-427, MD-428, nate pole__ _| South Carolina Beet 6 (teat ree Georgia - 1 ‘Gelephone pole-stor d_ South. Carolina i 5096-6, 5096-7, 5096-10, Test stake___-- Louisiana a 5096-12, 5096-17. ~ 5096= 64 ee es Eee ed Ones a eee eee | een OSs teen ee ee eee | ee dovesoeeee Mississippi » IMID=700 2 tes eee eee conor oe Telephone pole Texas Lentinus tigrinus Bull. ex} ME-6_.----------------- Wood chip Georgia “er Fr. IMS=5 75 be ee ae Sweetgum.-_.__-.__|_-- Railroad ti Do. vy Naematoloma sublateritium| MC-30_..-.-_-------_-_- Pine, lodgepole__-__|----------- ---| Test stake__-___ Wisconsin (Fr.) Karst. Mp= 350M eae Pine, southern __- Telephone pole North Carolina 4 Pazillus panuoides Fr. --_- =43 9 bre cused oe es Conifer-26 33 |S eee House sill__-_-_- Virginia AAD SD Bae ese ae | ene Cc (oe Ye ee eee tS OSL House ee District of Columbia Eb 3 eee ee ere | mene Oe psoas ore oe ns soaose see ceeaesosososcere House sill___-_---__-__ Rhode Island Te 1S Ey ge oO oe RA NEE Wl | (os Uae RUM IEE UNM EON MTT E RT Game RTT |b 0222.8 ia District of he Columbia “ F560 2 eS ee Cos soc ees [Lee ae Sa ee eee House joists__-_.__--_- Maine Ay, H-440p seers Douglas-fir-- oes | Leos. Se ee ee ae ee House flooring and | District of i subflooring. Columbia a IVES 6S eeeeen ee eee | Dees (OSes ee | ee ee ee Header in house______- Oregon a, 16 eee ee FE ea | ee ee er ee ee Sto Ontario 3 See footnotes at end of table. Ye 30 Br tree pe ae S| LE 7.—Basidiomycetes associated with decay of various woods, products, and preservative treated items —Continued « Fungus Host wood Collection number Species | Preservative treatment Product Exposure ‘aricales—Continued Agaricaceae—Continued Parillus panuoides Fr.— House flooring and | District of Continued, subflooring. Columbia House sill___- Telephone pole House sill__ Cone Rhode Island District of Columbia Indiana *, 3 do Maryland * H ~~ 3 mao beek House sill & joists Michigan 2”. ican adiposa (Fr.) Lumbeéri 22. cca cel cone eee eee ’ uél. : Pholiota flammans (Fr.) Wisconsin a Kumm. PE RDMOLG BU se sean ama TS Sateen Settee loca Do. Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ee eae Do. ex Fr.) Kumm. BY ELD IY bia Re ee LN fa Sl a ee eS = een = Illinois District of Columbia Wisconsin Texas New York Michigan Oregon Florida Wisconsin Schizophyllum commune r. New Jersey Liberia Missouri Do. Argentina Wisconsin Philippine Islands epee eee ee eS TALC WOOUsseeae oe | OXCOSOLG se n= ee ee ee Virginia me ee Ba ee ee) Pine, southern____| Fluor-chrome-arsenate- Fence post_- Louisiana dinitrophenol. Pentachlorophenol Test stake Mississippi Unknown groups } Chain-chlamydospore Log boesscesctes ceoce) eee se Sma | ee - - Colorado yellow. --_------- eae Se ce d on s - i Garlic odor i MN ue oe California EE OS CS ee ee Florida Ontario ; { Ub eas * ogee : New York * Write Spi@lons--2.---..5— MD-228, MD-229 Wisconsin TRO WI Ase onc dan. conan MS-14, MS-15, FBG Gee ee ee ee eon ee an ee cu eeee| LL GS bi DO XLS ee eee Panama MS-16, MS-17, MS-18, MS-19, MS-20, MS-21. ML-19, pee 6078-1, 4 WO BOR -248e. Se EC oo Pine, southern__._| Pentachlorophenate-_ ‘ d Pentachlorophenol___ Missouri Wisconsin Mississippi ae GES Se ‘Tetrachlorophenol’ «=. 2. sno 5 |= 0. oo ence eens le ASCOTian nD f i. i Wnkrown b.---.<....-... Lt Se eae Chinquapin . i } WED B00 ee oe ee WG) Cees al pe Do. TG ON GOs eer bee eer orene eee ner mec Cooling tower support- Test stake. d (a Ammoniacal copper arsenate______|____- ee ee) 81 RAT)-S06.. 2-3 ____|,..-- (fee eS ..| Chromated copper zinc arsenate. ~|__...do__.._____- Wisconsin ss RAETIO WI deere ae as i i Pine, ponderosa___| Pentachlorophenol__-_---.._._-__- Utility pole-.__.--_-_. Montana 2337. LIN aay dT eee | Yo rr Pine, southern-.--- 0 eee Chromated zine chloride_____-___- Test stake Wisconsin Copper naphthenate ..| Mississippi PC etrachloro peng an ccuscsceuaecelneehe do__.. ..| Wisconsin re 2 | AT D-209 | 38 oe | --.do_.2.......-.. PANT CO 7 WES Se ee aS ae ea) do.... = Do. WLS hte ee SE a Sl, ar ee) ee: (, eee arene Drop liquor_- ie Nags ES pee al eS dol Mississippi Pentachlorophenol--.......-......-}_-.-- do ae Do. i > 0. 5-5 pe peae.done : Wisconsin ees fame do_.... Fees ee saa ewer O0aeee ..| Florida BOLE Ase er es leo set leatcdos 3 Do. Se ke oe pentachlorophenol_|.....do__......_..._.._.| Mississippi 1 Question mark following species name indicates a tentative identification. ; eee hae species that are difficult to separate culturally: Poria cinerascens Bres., P. rivulosa (Berk. and Curt.) Cke. (P. albipellucida Baxter), an f: ‘a Pildt. 4 Includes the Giowing species that have not been clearly defined taxinomically: Polyporus rigidus Lév., P. zonalis Berk., Poria nigrescens Bres., P. sanguino- _ lenta (Alb. & Schw.) Cke., and P. undata (Pers.) Bres. 31 FIM