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RESEARCH BRANCH

CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

PUBLICATION 1080 APRIL 1960

THE FUNGI OF ONTARIO

I. Uredinales

by

JOHN A. PARMELEE

Plant Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario

RESEARCH BRANCH
CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

AECIDIUM 3

CHRYSOMYXA 4

COLEOSPORIUM 5

CRONARTIUM 6

CUMMINSIELLA 8

ENDOPHYLLUM 8

FROMMEA 8

GYMNOCONIA 9

GYMNOSPORANGIUM 9

HYALOPSORA 11

KUEHNEOLA 12

MELAMPSORA 12

MELAMPSORELLA 14

MELAMPSORIDIUM 14

MILESIA 14

NYSSOPSORA 15

PHRAGMIDIUM 15

PILEOLARIA 17

PUCCINIA , 17

PUCCINIASTRUM 33

TRANZSCHELIA 34

UREDINOPSIS 35

UREDO 36

UROMYCES 36

REFERENCES 40

INDEX TO HOSTS 42

INTRODUCTION

It is expected that this annotated list of Uredinales will be the first of a
series treating the various natural groups of fungi that occur in Ontario. When
most of the groups have been so treated by various authors, it may then be
possible to present a 'fungus flora' of the area. The present treatment is a
revision of a thesis submitted by the author in 1952 in partial fulfillment for the
degree of Master of Arts in the University of Toronto.

The species recorded are based primarily on the specimens deposited in
the mycological herbarium of the Botany Department, University of Toronto
(TRTC), the National Mycological Herbarium of the Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa (DAOM), and the private mycological collection of John Dearness (DEARN).
Much of the collectina naturally centers around the cities where the herbaria are
located and therefore in DAOM there are many specimens that were collected in
the 'Gatineau area' in the province of Quebec within a radius of twenty miles of
Ottawa. Although they are from outside the boundaries of Ontario these records
will be included in this report in order to emphasize that such species are to be
sought in adjacent parts of Ontario. For many years (1924-1954) a botanical
laboratory was maintained at Lake Timagami in Nipissing District, by the Univer-
sity of Toronto. There, abundant collecting and culture work was carried out by
J.H. Faull, his students, and his successors. Some of this early culture material
remains in TRTC.

One of the pioneers in the study of fungi in Ontario was John Dearness.
His collections, dating from the late 1880's, are mostly from Middlesex and
neighboring counties and are presently housed in DAOM. Some of the Dearness
specimens were deposited in the Arthur Herbarium (PUR) maintained at Purdue
University, Lafayette Indiana, U.S.A. A record of these and all other Canadian
collections of Uredinales in PUR up to the year 1930 was compiled by the late
H.S. Jackson and is available at Toronto and Ottawa.

Except for occasional forays emanating from Winnipeg, Man., to Minaki and
Kenora, mycological collecting in Ontario north of the forty-ninth parallel has
not been extensive. But, as new roads are extended northward and with increas-
ingly convenient air travel, this broad expanse of northland becomes more
accessible; and it is hoped that our knowledge of the fungus flora of the area
will increase with the improving travel facilities.

The genera and species are arranged in alphabetical sequence. Two hundred
and nineteen of the two hundred and thirty three entities treated are known to
occur within the provincial boundaries. Species are numbered consecutively to
simplify the use of the appended generic host index.

The information on each rust species will include:

1. The name, authority and dote of the binomial chosen. Nomenclature follows
that adopted by Cummins and Stevenson (1956) who have revised the names of

North American rust fungi to comply with Article 69 of the International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature 1952. Where the revised name does not correspond with
the one that appears in Arthur's rust manual (1934) the latter will follow immedi-
ately in parenthesis.

2. The number of collections of any species on file in the various herbaria
precedes the abbreviation for the particular herbarium. Abbreviations are those
used in the 1956 edition of the Index Herbariorum. The main purpose for including
the number of specimens on deposit is to indicate what species are poorly re-
presented and thus to direct collecting activities toward them.

If a species is of rare occurrence, the information about existing collections
is increased to include, after the abbreviation of the herbarium, the accession
number and the county of the collecting site.

3. The geographical range of rust species in the province is given by numerals
1-54 inclusive. These represent the counties and districts of Ontario beginning
in the south and following a general pattern northward (See map, pp. 22 and 23) .'

4. The various spore stages making up the normal complement for a given
species are represented by the accepted symbols 0 I II III for pycnia, aecia,
uredinia and telia respectively. Host names immediately follow in alphabetical
sequence but without authorities as these are readily obtained from Fernald's

(1950) edition of Gray's Manual, Render's Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs

(1951) or Bailey's (1949) Manual of Cultivated Plants. Where the host name
differs from the published record the latter appears in parentheses following the
name now in use.

The host list may be followed by some general remarks concerning the
taxonomy and appearance of the fungus, reference to and differences from other
species occurring on the same hosts, and occasionally a note about the impor-
tance of rust infection in plants of economic value.

5. Records from outside the province but originating from adjacent regions
(which suggests probable occurrence within Ontario) are included in square
brackets [ ]. Accidental greenhouse occurrences not otherwise known in the field
are treated in like manner. Rust records and host records acquired after the
publication of Arthur's Manual in 1934, and the Fungi of Manitoba and Saskat-
chewan by Bisby et al. in 1938 are designated by an asterisk (*).

Explanation of terms:

A number of terms especially applicable to the Uredinales are explained as
they find usage in the text. Other terms not specifically treated or of a general
application are now considered. A rust is autoecious when the life cycle is com-
pleted on one host. If two unrelated hosts are required it is heteroecious and the hosts

The map (slightly revised) and the numerical system for the counties and districts
are taken from "The distribution of breeding birds in Ontario," by J.L. Baillie Jr.
and P. Harrington. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 21, 1937.

are alternate hosts. The complement of stages between one spore form and the
development of the same spore form is called the life cycle. A rust that possesses
pycnia, aecia, uredinia and telia is macrocyclic (0 I II III) or long cycled. Where
the complete cycle lacks all stages but telia, or pycnia and telia, it is micro-
cyclic (III or 0 III). Other stages may also be omitted. If a species lacks aecia
it is referred to as a brachyform (0 II III); or if uredinia are lacking it is called
an opsis-form (0 I III). Endo-forms (0 I m) lack uredinia and normal telia; the
normally appearing aeciospores function as teliospores by producing basidia
and bas id ios pores. Spores germinate through the spore wall at predetermined
thin areas called pores or germ pores, which may be covered by hyaline or pale,
yellow-brown papillae (sing, papilla). Spore walls may be smooth, sculptured with
pointed protuberences {echinulate) or with blunt warts (verrucose). Infection may
be local and restricted to the immediate area of infection or it may be systemic
in which case it is extensive throughout the host. When the son occur on the
lower, upper or both surfaces of a leaf they are hypophyllous, epiphyllous and
amphigenous respectively.

The writer gratefully acknowledges the aid of many associates in the
Plant Research Institute, Ottawa, especially Mr. I.L. Conners who suggested
the original thesis and Dr. D.B.O. Savile for his criticism of and his interest in
the present paper. Thanks are expressed to Dr. R.F. Cain of the University of
Toronto for his suggestions and to Mr. W.D. Sutton of London, Ontario, for
permission to examine his personal collections of Uredinales.

AECIDIUM

When a rust possesses pycnia and cupulate aecia, or just aecia, but has
no known telial connection it may be described under the form-genus Aecidium.

1. *A. hydnoideum Berk. & Curt. 1874 {Puccinia extensicola Plowr. var.
hydnoidea (Berk. & Curt.) Arth.). 2 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 4 TRTC. Range 5, 25, 29,
42, 45, 46. 0 I Dirca palustris. Aecial characters do not agree closely with
those of other rusts in the P. dioicae (P. extensicola) complex. For example,
spores are smaller and there are no pore plugs. Attempts to infect Carex pensyl-
vanica with I spores from Dirca were not successful under greenhouse conditions
at Ottawa, and rusted Dirca and Carex have not been found in association in
the field. For these reasons the rust on Dirca is treated here under the form-
genus.

2. *A. physalidis Burr. 1884. 4 DAOM. Range 40. 0 I Physalis heterophylla.

II III unknown. In 1943 P. heterophylla was found near Ottawa bearing systemic
pycnia which, when diploidized manually, later produced aecia. Other leaves,
screened against insects and with pycnia not diploidized, produced no aecia.
The plants were found to have come with fill from the edge of a sandpit near
Ottawa Airport, where several plants bearing the systemic aecia were found. No
alternate host could be found and the colony was destroyed by expansion of the
pit before much experimental work could be done. But attempts to germinate the

fresh spores failed, and this rust is now suspected to be an Endophyllum such
as E. lacus-regis in which the spores germinate only after overwintering.

CHRYSOMYXA

Most species are macrocylic and heteroecious, but a few have shortened
their life histories. Pycnia and aecia are typically found on needles and cones
of Picea. The uredinia and telia occur on various members of the Empetraceae,
Pyrolaceae or Ericaceae. In Ontario infection on spruce, especially Picea
pungens (blue spruce), which is extremely susceptible to attack, is often cause
for concern. Attention is drawn to infected trees because the aecia are so con-
spicuously bright orange. However, severe infections do not usually occur every
year unless the spruce is growing in the vicinity of an alternate host and common-
ly the worried owner sees little or nothing of the disease in ensuing years. In
northern Ontario Empetrum and Ledum are abundant and are usually heavily
rusted. Savile (1950) has suggested that this is one of the complex of factors
which has kept the invasion of the barren northern regions by spruce to a mini-
mum. The taxonomic treatment here follows that of Savile (1955).

3. *C. arctostaphili Diet. 1894. Ill Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, scattered on
leaves. Lanark Co. DAOM 7190. This is the only known Ontario collection.

4. *C. chiogenis Diet. 1894. 2 DAOM, 3 TRTC. Range 47, 48, 51. 0 I Picea
mariana TRTC 418 (inoc. exper.). Scattered on needles. II III Gaultheria hispi-
dula. (Chiogenes h.) localized on leaves but may appear systemic because of
very heavy infections. The small inconspicuous nature of thetelial host accounts,
in a large measure, for the few specimens in Ontario herbaria. A search of
phanerogamic collections uncovered the records from Algoma (48) and Thunder
Bay (51).

5. [C. empetri Schroet. ex Cumm. 1956 (C. empetri (Pers.) Schroet.). 12
DAOM Great Whale River, Fort George, Rupert House, Que. and Fort Churchill,
Man. 0 I Picea glauca scattered on needles. II III Empetrum nigrum epiphyllous
on leaves]. It is expected that this species will be found in Ontario in habitats
and latitudes corresponding to sites recorded.

6. C. ledi (Alb. <S Schw.) de Bary 1879. 0 I Picea glauca, P. mariana, P.

pungens. 9 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 3 PUR, 9 TRTC. Range 5, 13, 20, 40, 43, 45, 47,
48, 51, 54. var. groenlandici Savile II III Ledum groenlandicum 1 DEARN, 1
DAOM, 10 TRTC. Range 7, 19, 47, 53, 54. var. cassandrae (Peck & Clint.)
Savile (C. cassandrae {Peck <S Clint.) Tranz.) Chamadap hne calyculata 3 DEARN,
4 DAOM, 3 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range 5, 12, 13, 19, 20, 40, 44, 47, 48. Because it
is most difficult to separate varieties in the 0 I stages except if the spruce is
exclusively associated with a single alternate host, varietal separations of the
aecia are not attempted. Varieties are host specific.

7. C. ledicola Lagerh. 1893. 20 DAOM, 1 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 40, 47, 48,
51, 53, [Great Whale River and Fort George, Que.]. 0 I *Picea glauca, *P.

mariana, P. pungens scattered on needles. II III * Ledum groenlandicum, [*L.
palustre var. decumbens\t epiphyllous. The location of uredinia on the upper side
of the leaves is a ready means of separating this species from C. ledi which has
hypophyllous uredinia. Heavy infection may cause severe defoliation of spruce
in some seasons. It was the reason for Riley's comment: "imparting a conspic-
uous rusty colour to the forest as seen from the air. " (Canadian Plant Disease
Survey for 1948).

8. C. pirolata Wint. 1882 (C. pyrolae (DC.) Rostr.).8 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR,
15 TRTC. Range 5, 19, 21, 25, 27, 40, 45, 47, 51, 53, 54. 0 I *Picea glauca, *P.
mariana systemic in cones. II III [*Moneses uniflora] *Pyrola americana, *P.
asarifolia, *P. elleptica, P. minor, P. secunda, P. virens, P. spp. Uredinia
hypophyllous and systemic.

9. *C. weirii Jackson 1917. Ill Picea mariana TRTC 32130 Worthington Bay,
Schreiber, Thunder Bay Dist. This is a typical micro-form rust species, one that
supports Jackson's (1931) generalization that the majority of microforms probably
originated from the haploid mycelium of heterothallic pleomorphic ancestors.

10. [*C. woronini Tranz. 1903. 0 I Picea glauca DAOM 23443, 23514 Gt. Whale
River, Que. Systemic on current year shoots. Ill Ledum palustre var. decumbens.
Telial collections are not known from this site but there are numerous collections
in DAOM from both east and. west coasts of Canada. Infection results in the
formation of small witches '-brooms, and the telia are crusted on the underside of
current season leaves. A complete description is given by Savile (1950)].

COLEOSPORIUM

Pycnia and aecia, where known, have been shown to occur on needles of
various species of pine and, in Ontario, can be found from early May to late June.
Uredinia and telia appear on members of the Compositae, Caprifoliaceae and
Campanulaceae. Five species are known in Ontario and of these the complete
life history is known for all but C. viburni. Arthur has describea twenty species
from North America. Other than those caused by Chrysomyxa, leaf rusts of coni-
fers, which include Coleosporium, Lredinopsis, Milesia, Hyalopsora, Melampsora
and Melampsorella, are not considered to be economically important under forest
conditions. They may, however, warrant attention on young nursery stock.

11. Co campanulae Lev. ex Kickx. 1867 (C. campanulae (Pers.) Lev. 1847), 9
DAOM, 1 DEARN, 7 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11, 19, 25, 26, 28, 32, 35, 40, 41, 48. 0 I
Pinus resinosa, P. rigida not known in Ontario but have been reported from the
bordering Great Lakes states. II III ^Campanula persicifolia, *C. rapunculoides,
*C. rotundifolia, Campanula spp.

12. *C. delicatulum Hedge. & Long. 1924. 8 DAOM, 1 TRTC. Range 1, 40, 43.
0 I Pinus resinosa, P. rigida are known hosts but have not been recorded in
Ontario. II III Solidago graminifolia.

13. C. asterum (Diet.) Syd. 1914 (C. solidaginis (Schw.) Thuera. 1 878)79 DAOM,
14 DEARN, 36 TRTC. Range 4, 5, 6, 8, 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30,37,
40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54 and [the Gatineau area and Great Whale
River, Que.]. 0 I *Pinus banksiana, *P. resinosa. II III Aster ciliolatus (A.
lindleyanus) A. cordifolius, *A. foliacius*A. laevis,*A. lowrieanus, A. macro-
phyllus, *A. novae-angliae, *A. novi-belgii, *A. pilosus, (A. ramosissimus), *A.
ptarmicoides, *A. puniceus, A. sedifolius (A. acris),*A. simplex (A. paniculatus),
*A. tradescanti, *A. umbellatus, *A. vimineus var. foliosus, Aster spp. ; Calli-
stephus chinensis (C. hortensis); *Solidago altissima, *S. caesia, S. canadensis,
*5. dumetorum, S. flexicaulis (S. latifolia), * 5. gigantea, *S. ? glomerata, S.
hispida, *S. lepida var. elongata, and var. fallax, *S. missouriensis (S. glaberima),
*S. mollis, [*S. multiradiata], S. nemoralis, S. patula, *S. racemosa var. gillmani,
*S. riddellii, S. ? rigida, *S. rugosa, *S. sempervirens, *S. shortii, *S. speciosa,
*S. squarrosa, *S. uliginosa, Solidago spp. A. sedifolius and A. chinensis are
cultivated asters and S. dumetorum is a western species which was understudy
at the Dominion Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ottawa.

14. C veroniae Berk. & Curt. 1874. The only collection, DAOM 25437, Essex
Co., on Veronia altissima showed heavy uredinial infection. A small windbreak
of Pinus sylvestris within 100 yards of the infected Vernonia showed no trace of
aecia, as was to be expected in late summer (September). Three species of
Vernonia are reported in southern Ontario by Soper ( 1949) and all Ontario records
in DAO are from Essex, Kent and Lambton Counties.

15. C. viburni Arth. 1907. 9 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 8 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 19, 40, 45,
47, 50, 51, and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I unknown. II III Viburnum cassinoides,
*V. lentago, *V. raphinesquianum.

CRONARTIUM

The pycnia and aecia of this group constitute the well-known blister rusts
and gall rusts on stems and branches of pines. They complete their life cycle on
various herbaceous or woody dicotyledons. The other group of pine rusts, caused
by Coleosporium, are evident on needles only, and are therefore readily distin-
guished. Whereas the needle rusts are relatively unimportant economically,
blister rusts have been the cause of much concern, and although elimination of
the alternate hosts has effectively reduced the incidence of these rusts, losses
are still reported.

16. C. co/eospor/o/c/es. Arth. 1907. 4 DAOM, 4 TRTC. Range 37, 40, 47, 0 I
*Pinus contorta, *P. sylvestris causing galls. II III *Melampyrum lineare. This
species is of more importance in Western Canada where P. contorta is native.
The above collection was taken from a specimen tree at Ottawa. Pomerleau
(1942) suggests that P. banksiana is a possible aecial host.

17. C. comandrae Peck 1879. 13 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 4 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11,
25, 40, 44, 45, 48, 54 [and Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Pinus banksiana causing

fusiform swellings of branches. II III *Comandra pallida, C. richardsiana, C.
umbellata, Comandra spp. {Geocaulon lividum (Comandra l.^J.

18. C. compfon/oe Arth. 1906. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 7 TRTC. Range 40, 47, 49,
51, 54.0 I Pinus banksiana on branches causing fusiform swelling. II III Comptonia
peregrina, Myrica gale. Inoculations of pine (TRT 8372) produced uredinia on both
named uredinial hosts. There are evident differences in aeciospore morphology
between C. comptoniae and C. comandrae.

19. C. quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirae 1899. 16 DAOM, 3 DEARN 1 PUR, 10
TRTC. Range 1, 11, 40, 44, 45, 47, 49, 54. 0 I *Pinus banksiana, *P. resinosa,
P. sylvestris causing woody, globose galls. II III *Quercus rubra, *Q. velutina,
Quercus spp. on leaves. The record from Essex Co. is a collection on oak,
growing in the same general area as a small planting of Scots pine. Hedgecock
and Siggers (1949) disagree with Arthur's (1934) treatment of the rust complex on
pines and oaks. They would retain specific rank for the entities C. cerebrum, C.
fusiforme, C. conigenum, C. strobilum, C. quercuum, on the basis of extensive
experiments which indicated decided host specificity and which proved that it
was not possible to obtain one aecial form using cultures of another. Following
the treatment of Hedgecock and Siggers the only entity that would occur in
Ontario would be C. cerebrum, but Cummins and Stevenson (1956) have indicated
that this binomial was never validly published and therefore the name C. quercuum
has been retained for the purposes of this work.

20. C. ribicola J.C. Fischer 1872. 30 DAOM, 8 DEARN, 1 PUR, 43 TRTC.
Range 1, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 27, 31, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 51, 52, 54, and [Gatineau area, Que.] 0 I Pinus strobus on branches and main
trunks. II III * Ribes americanum, R. cynosbati (Grossularia c), *R. glandulosum,
*R. hirtellum, *R. lacustre, R. missouriense, R. nigrum, */?. ? niveum, *R.
odoratum, *R. oxycanthoides, *R. sativum, *R. triste, Ribes spp. Records for the
Districts of Muskoka, Thunder Bay, Rainy River and Kenora were obtained from
a processed report by W.R. Haddow and A.W. Hill (1954) Blister Rust Reconnais-
sance in Ontario - 1953. They suggest that, because white pine has suffered
severe damage as a result of infection by C. ribicola in past years, the Ribes
population in the proposed planting area should receive critical consideration
when reforestation projects using white pine are planned.

21. C. spp. ? "woodgate rust". 4 DAOM, 5 TRTC. Range (?6) 17, 20, 37, 40,
45. 0 I Pinus contorta, P. ponderosa, P. sylvestris. Unconnected gall rusts have
been found which are able to reinfect pines from aeciospores and thus persist
and spread without the aid of a perfect state. It is known with certainty what
species have this facility but it is possible that many of the rusts with known
alternate hosts may also spread in this manner. On the basis of inoculation
experiments Boyce (1957) considers the repeating western gall rust Peridermium
harknessii to be identical with the woodgate rust of the East, and subseguently
uses the name of the telial stage, Cronartium harknessii Meinecke, for both rusts.
However, Cummins and Stevenson (1956) have indicated C. harknessii to be a
nomen nudum.

CUMMINSIELLA

The known species of this autoecious genus all occur on members of the
Berberidaceae. It is similar in many ways to Puccinia but differs in having two
lateral germ pores in each of the two egual cells of the teliospore.

22. C. mirabilissima (Pk.) Nannfeldt 1947 (C. sanguinea (Pk.) Arth.). 8 DAOM,
1 TRTC. Range 5, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 19, 40. 0 I II III Mahonia aquifolium. The
rust is not native to Ontario. All early records are from nursery stock intercepted
at ports of entry. C. mirabilissima is native to western North America whence it
reached Europe about 1923. It is now well established on nursery stock there and
much of the stock imported from Europe to Eastern Canada shows intection. The
repeated insistence of nurserymen on buying from rusted European sources rather
than from healthy local stocks has resulted in the establishment of the disease
in Ontario.

ENDOPHYLLUM

It is commonly accepted that plant rusts have a tendency to shorten their
life cycle. This may be accomplished in several ways. One way is by the earlier
fusion of the dicaryotic nuclei and the resulting formation of the teliospore. In
Endophyllum fusion of the nuclei takes place in the aeciospore, thus the aecio-
spore germinates with the production of a basidium and basidiospores and in
effect functions as a teliospore. The general appearance is that of the aecial
stage of Puccinia.

23. E. lacus-regis Savile & Parmelee 1956. 21 DAOM 5 TRTC. Range 25 and
[Gatineau area Que.]. 0 I on Claytonia caroliniana. The bullate, systemic
aecia and the large spores 22-35(-38) x 18-29(-33)|i of this species allow immedi-
ate separation from P. marie-wilsoniae G.W. Clint. The latter has cupulate,
localized, although often extensive aecial infections, and smaller spores 18-27
(-29) x 14-20u. (Savile, D.B.O. and Parmelee, J. A. (1956) . Both species have
been collected from the same general area but E. lacus-regis has a more limited
range (cf. P. mariae-wilsonae).

24. E. sempervivi (Alb. 6c Schw. ) de Bary 1 DEARN, 2 TRTC. Range 5, 19.
0 I on Sempervivum tectorum, Sempervivum sp., occasionally on leaves of
greenhouse and garden plants.

FROMMEA

One species is known in Ontario and this occurs widely in eastern North
America. The characteristics of the pedicellate teliospores are intermediate
between those of Phragmidium and Kuehneola. Cells of the multicelled teliospore
are firmly united and each cell has a single apical germ pore.

25. F. obtusa (Str.) Arth. 1917. 7 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 TRTC. Range 1, 4, 5, 11,
30, 31, 45. 0 I II III Potentilla canadensis, P. simplex. It is quite possible that
herbarium labels bearing the host name Potentilla canadensis should read P.

8

simplex as these entities were both treated under the former name prior to the 8th
edition of Gray's Manual. However it has not been practicable to attempt redis-
position of fragmentary host specimens.

GYMNOCONIA

One species, common in eastern North America, is known to occur on Rubus
in Ontario. In general appearance teliospores resemble those of Puccinia but
aecia are caemoid, i.e., lack peridia.

26. G. peckiana (Howe) Trotter 1910. 21 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 19 TRTC.
Range 1, 5, 8, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35, 40, 43, 45,47,48,54 and
[Gatineau area and He Perrot, Que.]. 0 I III *Rubus acaulis, R. allegheniensis,
R. frondosus, R. glandulicola, R. idaeus var. aculeatissimus and var. strigosus
{R. strigosus Michx.), R. occidentalism *R. pubescens, Rubus sp. In early spring,
infected Rubus is conspicuous by the presence of bright orange pustules crowded
on the underside of the leaves. The entire undersurface may be so covered and
when whole colonies of Rubus are infected the condition becomes noticeable
even from a distance.

27. Kunkelia nitens (Schw.) Arth. 1917 (Gymnoconia nitensKern & Thursten 1929) is an
endo-form species grossly similar to Gymnoconia peckiana but whose aeciospores germi-
nate with the production of basidiospores. With spore germination as the only certain
means of separating Gynoconia and Kunkelia there is reason to suspect that some of the
records listed under the former may belong under the latter. Not recorded from Ontario.

GYMNOSPORANGIUM

Members of this genus generally cause hypertrophy of twigs and needles
and produce gelatinizing telia on various species of Juniper. They alternate in
the pycnial and aecial stages to some pomaceous segregate of the Rosaceae.
Except for one species, which in Canada occurs in British Columbia only, the
uredinial stage has been lost from the life cycle.

In Ontario three junipers are commonly infected.
1. Juniperus communis var. depressa is found commonly throughout the province
from Essex and Carleton counties in the south to Nipissing and Thunder Bay
districts and James Bay. 2. Juniperus horizontalis has a more limited range; it
occurs primarily in dry sandy or rocky locations and is recorded from the counties
and districts bordering Lake Huron and Lake Superior. In addition Dutilly, Lapage
and Duman (1954) record it from Attiwapiskat on the west coast of James Bay.
3. Juniperus virginiana is found in an interrupted range pattern, south of a line
from Leeds Co. to Parry Sound District, which in part shows a tendency to follow
the southern limits of the Precambrian Zone. For a detailed account of the
distribution of this and the previous hosts see Fox and Soper (1953) and Soper,
Heimburger and Garay (1957).

Juniperus species other than the above are imported or cultivated.

28. *G„ bermudianum Earle 1892. DAOM 50906, 50907. Collected 2V2 mi. w. of
Fernald, Bruce Co. I III *Juniperus horizontalis on globose galls. This is the
first Ontario record of this species, which Arthur (1934) reported from the Gulf
States, Bermuda and the Bahamas. DAOM 50907 is made up of mature aecia on
gails collected in August. An earlier collection (May) showed neither aecia nor
telia. In the south telia occur later in the season than the aecia and are produced
on the same galls.

29. G. davariiforn.e (Pers.) DC. 1805. 18 DAOM, 5 TRTC. Range 16, 25, 27,
33, 41, 45, 47, and Great Whale River, Que. . 0 I [* Amelanchier bartramiana],
*A. canadensis, *A. humilis, Amelanchier sp.; ^Crataegus oxyacantha on leaves
and fruits. Ill * Juniperus communis var. depressa, [*var. hibernica], [*var.
suecica,], cause fusiform swellings of small to medium-sized branches. The two
last-named entities are horticultural varieties, often imported from Holland, and
often found rusted when inspected at the various ports of entry.

30. G. davipes (Cke. & Peck) Cke. & Peck 1873. 103 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 5 PUR,
20 TRTC. Range 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, 40, 41,
43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 54 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I ^Amelanchier alni folia,
A. canadensis, *A< florida (A. vulgaris), *A. humilis, *A. huronensis, *A. laevis,
A. sanguinea, Amelanchier spp. ; ^Crataegus beata, C. caesia, C. fucosa, *C.
monogyna, C. oxyacantha, C. punctata, *C. succulenta, Crataegus spp.; Cydonia
oblonga (C. vulgaris)] Pyrus malus, Pyrus melanocarpa, *Pyrus floribunda, Pyrus
americana, Pyrus aucuparia, Pyrus decora, causing infection to fruit, twigs even
thorns. Ill Juniperus communis, [among the horticultural variants growing in the
Dominion Arboretum and Botanic Garden at Ottawa which have been found rusted
are: aurea, aurea-spica, aurea-variegata, suecica."], J. communis var. depressa,
[*/. conferta, */. oxycedrus, */. rigida, *J. sabina, and /. sabina, var. tamarisci-
folia, all exotic species in the Arboretum], /. virginiana on current year and
older twigs as brick red, pulvinate pustules. Canadian Plant Disease Survey
records indicate that this species causes considerable damage to apple in the
Maritimes and eastern Quebec in some years.

31. G. corniculans Kern 1910. 7 DAOM, 1 PUR, 4 TRTC. Range 25, (?40), 43,
48, 54. 0 I ^Amelanchier alnifolia, A. sanguinea, Amelanchier spp. hypophyllous
on leaves. Ill * Juniperus horizontalis telia produced on a globoid galls.

32. G. cornutum Arth. ex Kern 1911 {G. aurantiacum Chev.). 6 DAOM, 1 DEARN,
6 TRTC. Range 25, 44, 47, 48, 51, 54, and [Great Whale River, Que.] 0 I Pyrus
americana (Sorbus a. ), *P. decora causing local infections on leaves, ill * Juni-
perus communis var. depressa appearing as pulvinate pustules on needles or if
on twigs then often causing fusiform swellings.

33. G. globosum Fori. 1880. 57 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 11 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range 1,
2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 40,and [Gatineau
area, Que.]. 0 I ^Crataegus caesia, C. calopodendron (C. tomentosa)t C. chry-
socarpa var. phoenicea (C. rotundifolia) , C. ? colorata, C. delicatabilis, C.

10

floribunda, C. fucosa, C. macrantha, (C. glandulosa), C. oxyacantha, C. pedicil-
lata (C. coccinea)t C. punctata, C. sanguinea, Crataegus spp. on leaves. Ill
Juniperus virginiana and the following labeled cultivated varieties in the Arboretum,
Ottawa: [Juniperus ? fragans, J. ? pendulosa viridis, J. sabina erecta, J. virgin-
iana vars. canaertii, cinescens, elegant is sima, pendula, pendulosa, plumosa
alba, pyramidalis, schottii]. Telia wedge-shaped on globoid, perennial galls.
Occasionally this species is reported on apple but the common name, hawthorn
rust, is aptly applied.

34. G. juniperi-virginianae Schw. 1822. 25 DAOM, 5 DEARN, 6 PUR, 2 TRTC.
Range 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, 23, 24, 30. 0 I Pyrus coronaria (wild crab),
*P. ionensis var. plena (Betchel's crab), Pyrus malus (cult, apple), P. sylvestris.
II III Juniperus virginiana on leaves, twigs and fruit. Canadian Plant Disease
Survey records for the year 1939 indicate that apple suffered considerable damage
in southwestern Ontario. There are no records of this rust from the apple-growing
regions adjoining Georgian Bay, and in this connection it is of interest to note
that Fox and Soper (1953) have not recorded Juniperus virginiana from the area.
It should be remembered that quince rust, G. clavipes, occurs in that region and
may also infect leaves or fruit of apple.

G. juvenescens Kern 1911 - see G. nidus-avis.

35. G. nidus-avis Thaxt. 1891 (G. juvenescens Kern). 11 DAOM, 1 PUR, 10
TRTC. Range 1, 5, 6, 25, 46. 0 I Amelanchier spp. hypophyllous on leaves. Ill
Juniperus horizontalis, J. virginiana. Telia pulvinate on base of needles are, in
part, responsible for their juvenile appearance; infection is apparent by the
formation of dense witches'-brooms. Telia occasionally appear waferlike and
tremelloid on larger branches.

The treatment here follows that of Prince and Steinmetz (1940) and Prince
(1946) in considering G. nidus-avis and G. juvenescens as a single species.

36. [G. sabinae (Dicks.) Wint. 1882. 0 I Pyrus communis (common pear) not
known in North America. Ill Juniperus chinensis, J. sabina producing irregular,
small galls. This is a European rust occasionally found in consignments of the
above horticultural junipers from Holland and Germany. It has not been found in
the province apart from intercepted material screened at ports of entry and where
an occasional infected plant has passed to the consignee. P. & H. Sydow (1915)
list /. virginiana as a host; it is therefore important to maintain inspections of
imported juniper in order to block entry of this pathogen to the pear-growing areas
in the vicinity of Toronto, Hamilton and Niagara where red cedar is abundant].

HYALOPSORA

Pycnia and aecia, where known, are found on needles of Abies and uredinia
and telia occur on fronds of Polypodiaceae. In contrast to the other fern rusts,
Milesia and iredinopsis, which have colorless spores, aeciospores and uredinio-
spores are pigmented.

11

37. H. aspidiotus (Magn.) Magn. 1901.3 DAOM, 3 PUR, 16 TRTC. Range 18,
19, 20, 42, 45, 47. 0 I Abies balsamea. II III Dryopteris disjuncta.

38. H. cheilanthis (Peck) Arth. 1934. 2 DAOM, 3 TRTC. Range 25, 48, 51. C I
unknown. II III Crypto gramma stelleri. Additional collections should be forth-
coming from the remaining regions bordering the upper Great Lakes where the
majority of the phanerogamic specimens in TRT and DAO have been collected.

39. H. polypodii (Pers.) Magn. 1901.3 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 6 TRTC.
Range 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 39, 47, 51, and [Gatineau area Que.]. 0 I unknown. II III
*Cystopteris bulb if era, C. fragilis. The fern hosts are known from Kent Co. to
James Bay and the rust will likely be found, therefore, throughout the province
except in the southwestern region where the probable 0 I host Abies balsamea
does not occur.

KUEHNEOLA

Teliospores are multicellular and somewhat resemble III spores of Frommea,
and like the latter this genus is also autoecious and long-cycled. However,
Keuhneola possesses certain telial features that enable immediate identification.
Some of these are: the loosely articulated condition of the cells, which readily
break up and appear as single "spores"; the prominent apical papilla over the
germ pore of each cell; the colorless cell wall and the resulting whitish appear-
ance of the telia in mass.

40. K. uredinis (Link) Arth. 1906. 1 DAOM, 1 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11,
19, 40, 0 I II III Rubus flagellaris {R. procumbens, R. villosus)t Rubus spp.
This rust is poorly represented in Ontario herbaria; doubtlessly it will be found
on other Rubus species.

MELAMPSORA

In Ontario two species of Melampsora are autoecious; these occur on
Euphorbiaceae and Linaceae. The remainder are heteroecious and in the 0 I
stages are found on Larix, Abies or Tsuga and in the II III stages on either
Populus or Salix (except some races of M. epitea 0 I on Saxifragaceae.)

Arthur (1934) treats the rusts on Salix under four species, whereas Hylander,
Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953) treat the Salix rusts including the North American
M. abieti-capraearum, M. arctica and M. ribesii-purpurea as a single entity, viz.,
M. epitea Thuem. D.B.O. Savile (in conversation) supports the latter treatment
and would include M. paradoxa (M. bigelowii). Critical revision of this group has
not been attempted in North America, and therefore, although the treatment of
Hylander et al. will probably gain acceptance, for the purposes of this paper
Arthur's Manual is followed.

Characteristic of the genus is the presence of capitate paraphyses in the
uredinia.

12

A microcyclic species on cones of Tsuga, Melampsora farlowii may yet be
found in Ontario as might the autoecious M. hirculi Lindr. known from Chester-
field Inlet N.W.T. on Saxifraga.

41. M. abietis-canadensis Ludwig ex Arth. 1924. 2 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 2 PUR,
6 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11, 19, 47. 0 I Tsuga canadensis no Ont. collections. II III
Populus deltoides, P. grandidentata, P. tremuloides, Populus sp. The typical
flat melampsoraceous aecium, which lacks a peridium, is readily distinguished
from the corresponding stage of Pucciniastrum vaccinii (q.v.) also parasitic on
needles of Tsuga.

42. M. abieti-copraerum Tubeuf 1902. 8 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 2 PUR, 3 TRTC.
Range 5, 8, 11, 19, 40, 47, 51. 0 I Abies balsamea. II III *Salix bebbiana, S.
cordata, S. humilis, S. lucida, S. nigra, S. ? rubra var. forbyana (cult.), Salix sp.

43. [*M. arctica Rostr. 1888. 2 DAOM. Range, east coast James Bay. 0 I
Saxifraga spp. No collections from Ontario or adjacent Quebec. II III Salix arcto-
phila DAOM 20773 Fort George, Que., S. cordata (S. adenophylla) DAOM 19126
Rupert House, Que.]

44. *M. euphorbiae (Snub.) Cast. 1843. 4 DAOM, 2 TRTC. Range 5, 9, 19, 38,
41. 0 I II III Euphorbia cyparissias. The melampsoracious structure of this
species is distinct from Uromyces proeminens and (J. striatus, which also infect
leaves of Euphorbia.

45. M. ? larici-tremulae Kleb. 1897. A single collection (TRTC 31024) on
Populus fits the description of this European species better than any known North
American species. The collection was taken near Nashville in York Co. where
Melampsora abieti- canadensis occurs abundantly. In Europe Larix spp. are known
to support the 0 I stages.

46. M. lini (Ehrenb.) Lev. 1847. 6 DAOM, 1 DEARN, Range 5, 37, 40, 53, 54.
0 I II III *Linum lepagei, L. usitatissimum. L. lepagei is restricted to the shore-
line of Hudson and James bays. Although flax has been grown commercially for
fiber in some parts of Ontario, rust has never been of serious economic import-
ance. The same cannot be said for the oil flax crop of Western Canada where
serious losses from rust were experienced in 1942 to 1948 (Canadian Plant
Disease Survey); but, since that period, losses have been reduced where rust-
resistant varieties are grown.

47. M. medusae Thuem. 1878. 15 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 6 TRTC. Range 5, 6, 12,
19, 40, 45, 47, 51, and [Gatineau area Que.]. 0 I Larix laricina, L. uralensis.
II III Populus deltoides, P. balsamifera, P. sargentii, P. tremuloides, P. verni-
rubens, P. sp. (hybrid). P. sargentii is a western species and no doubt had
'escaped' from the Dominion Arboretum at Ottawa. P. vernirubens is a European
species and, along with the hybrid poplars, it had been found rusted at the
Petawawa Forest Experiment Station.

13

48. to. paradoxa Diet & Holw. 1901 (M. b igelowii Thuem. ). 7 DAOM, 4 DEARN,

2 PUR, 19 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11, 13, 17, 19, 25, 32, 30, 31, 37,[Gatineau area
Que.]. 0 I *Larix laricina. II III Salix amy gdalo ides, *S. ? bebbiana, *S. cordata,
*S. discolor, *S. lucida, *S. nigra, Salix sp.

49. to. ribesii-purpureae Kleb. 1901. 1 DAOM. 0 I Ribes spp. II III Salix sp.
This is primarily a western rust, the single Ontario record (DAOM 19129) was
collected at Ottawa (Westboro).

MELAMPSORELLA

There is but one species recorded for North America. Infection of Abies
and Picea results in the formation of conspicuous witches '-brooms. These
distinguish this rust from Chrysomyxa and from the "fern rusts," which also
infect fir and spruce. There is evidence that both the fir and spruce races have
the ability to repeat on their aecial hosts.

50. to. caryophyllacearum Schroet. 1874 (M. cerastii (Pers.) Schroet.). 5 DAOM,

3 DEARN, 2 PUR, 15 TRTC. Range 5, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26, 42, 46, 47, 48, 51,
54 and [Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Abies balsamea; * Picea glauca, * Picea
mariana systemic and causing witches '-brooms. II III l*Cerastium alpinum];
*Stellaria gr amine a,l*S. longipes], *S. media, l*S. monantha\ amphigenous.

MELAMPSORIDIUM

There are three species reported for North America, one of which is known
in Ontario. It has pycnia and aecia on Larix (Arthur 1934) and uredinia and telia
on Betula. Alnus and Ostrya are II III hosts for the remaining North American
species.

51. to. betulinum (Fr.) Kleb. 1899. 0 I Larix laricina, not known in Ontario. II
III Betula glandulosa TRTC 1568 York Co., TRTC 3307 Ontario Co. These are
the only collections on record. Both hosts are common in the province and it is
expected that more records will be known from Ontario if the rust is in fact
alternating between larch and birch.

MILESIA

Of the fern rust genera Hyalopsora, Milesia and Uredinopsis, the two latter
are similar in having all spore forms colorless, but are distinguished by the
uredinios pores. In Milesia II spores are obovate to elongate-obovate, walls
smooth to echinate. In contrast II spores of Uredinopsis are fusiform and generally
possess an apical beak or mucro, walls smooth except for two longitudinal,
indistinctly roughened to conspicuously ciliate, ridges. Faull (1932, 1938) has
monographed Milesia and Uredinopsis and with regard to the Milesia vs. Milesina
controversy in nomenclature argues in favor of the former. Cummins and Stevenson
(1956) consider that "the usage of Milesia more nearly conforms to the present
code." Three species are known in Ontario, and over thirty throughout the world.

14

52. to. fructuosa Faull 1932 (M. intermedia Faull 1932). 1 PUR, 12 THTC.
Range 26, 47. 0 I Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current year. II III
Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia hypophyllous. Many of the specimens in
TRTC on Abies are the results of inoculation experiments carried out at the former
University of Toronto biology station at Timagimi, Nipissing Dist.

53. to. marginalis Faull & Wats. 1932. 1 DAOM, 3 PUR, 9 TRTC. Range 15,
19, 26, 27, 47, and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Abies balsamea hypophyllous on
needles of current year. II III Dryopteris marginalis hypophyllous. Some of the
TRTC specimens on Abies were obtained from inoculation experiments.

54. to. pycnograndis Arth. 1925 (M. polypodophila (Bell) Faull). 2 DAOM, 4 PUR,
16 TRTC. Range 47 and [Gatineau area, Que.] 0 I Abies balsamea hypophyllous
not on needles of current year, causing loose witches '-brooms. II III Polypodium
virginianum hypophyllous. Some of the TRTC collections on Abies were obtained
from inoculation experiments. Morphological features of the fern rust peridermia
are all very similar, but it is possible that critical study of this stage will provide
usable distinguishing features. Until this is accomplished reliable identification
of the peridermia must depend on association of the fern host or on inoculations.

NYSSOPSORA

With telia as the only known stage, this group is readily recognized because
of the arrangement of the cells. These are arranged in such a manner that each
one touches the other two in this way giving a blunt triangular appearance to the
spore. The two North American species are separated on appearance of spines.

55. N. clavellosa (Berk.) Arth. 1912. 4 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 2 PUR, 8 TRTC.
Range 5, 10, 47, 48, 51. Ill Aralia nudicaulis, Aralia sp. Localized telia appear
on the upper leaf surface only. Spines arising from the spore wall are branched
at the ends.

PHRAGMIDIUM

These rusts are autoecious, generally long-cycled, and cause local in-
fections in leaves of plants in the Rosaceae. P. speciosum has no uredinia and
causes noticeable stem cankers. Telios pores are one- to many-celled (all
species presently recorded from Ontario are multicellular) and pedicels are often,
but not always, hygroscipic. Keys to the species in Arthur (1934) are based
primarily on host connection and teliospore characteristics, while Cummins (1931)
provides a key based on host connection and aecial characteristics. In Ontario
there have been periodically severe and isolated outbreaks of Phragmidium rusts.
A severe outbreak was reported from Lincoln Co. in 1931; and in 1938 heavy
infection was reported on wild and cultivated roses in the regions of the Lake of
the Woods (Canadian Plant Disease Survey).

56. P. americanum (Peck) Diet. 1905. 9 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 6 PUR, 6 TRTC.
Range 1, 3, 4, 5, 17, 25, 27, 30, 40, 47, 48, 49. 0 I II III *Rosa acicularis, R.

15

blanda, R. Carolina, */?. setigera var. tomentosa, Rosa sp.

57. P. andersoni Shear 1902. 1 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 3 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range 3,
25 and [Norway Bay, Pontiac Co., Que.]. I II III *Potentilla fruticosa. Pycnia
have not been described. P. fruticosa ranges throughout much of the province and
is found in rocky or gravelly habitats. Collections from additional parts of the
province should be forthcoming.

58. [*P. arcticum Lagerh. ex Liro 1909. 0 I II III Rubus acaulis DAOM 23630,
23669 Gt. Whale River, Que. R. acaulis is known from the Ontario side of James
Bay and it is probable that the rust occurs there also. This is a European entity
which was not treated by Arthur (1934). For description, see Saccardo (1912) or
Sydow (1915)].

59. P. fusiforme Schroet. 1870 {P. rosae-acicularis Liro). 2 PUR, 3 TRTC.
Range 47, 49, 50, 51. 0 I II III Rosa acicularis var. bourgeauiana, R. arkansana
var. suffulta {R. heliophila, R. suffulta)t Rosa spp.

60. *P. ivesiae Syd. 1903. 29 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 19 TRTC. Range 1, 2, 5, 6, 8,
11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51
and [Ottawa valley, Que.]. I II III Potentilla norvegica (P. monspeliensis)t *P.
recta. This western rust began to appear in Ontario and Pennsylvania about
twenty-five years ago. The earliest Ontario collection is TRTC 5670, Lincoln
Co., 1933. All collections but one (DAOM) are on P. recta. Teliospore wall is
verrucose at the apex, smooth below (cf. P. potentillae).

61. P. mucronatum (Pers.) Schlecht. 1824 (P. disciflorum (Tode) James). 10
DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range 5, 7, 11, 17, 24, 30, 40, 45, 47, and
[Hull, Que.].0 I II HI *Rosa blanda, Rosa spp.

62. *P. potentillae (Pers.) Karst. 1879. 0 I II III *Potentilla pallida, *P. recta.
There are only two collections from Ontario, DAOM 6443 Carleton Co. , and DAOM
6475 Waterloo Co. Entire teliospore wall smooth, pedicel noticeably longer than
in P. ivesiae.

63. P. rosae-pimpinellifoliaeDiet. 1905 (P. subcorticinum Wint.). 3 DAOM Range
Apple Hill in Glengarry Co. and [Hull and Montreal, Que.]. 0 I II III Rosa blanda,
Rosa spp.

64. P. rubi-idaei (DC.) Karst. 1879. 8 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 2 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range
5, 8, 17, 29, 46, 47, and [Fort George and Great Whale River Que.]. 0 I II III
Rubus idaeus and two varieties aculeatissimum and strigosus.

65. P. rubi-odorati Diet. 1905. 2 DAOM, 2 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range 10, 19, 33, 40,
42, and [Gatineau area, Que.]. I II III Rubus odoratus.

66. P. speciosum (Fr.) Cooke 1875. 10 DAOM, 5 TRTC. Range 18, 19, 30, 38,
40, 45, 54 and [near Montreal, Que.]. 0 I III Rosa acicularis. R. blanda, Rosa
spp. This is the only Phragmidium that does not possess uredinia. It is the cause
of unsightly and sometimes severe stem infections of roses.

16

PILEOLARIA

Teliospores resemble those of Uromyces except that they are vertically
flattened. Uredinios pores bear characteristic longitudinal wall markings. Infection
by this genus is limited to species of Rhus.

67. P. krevipes Berk. & Rav. 1874 (P. toxicodendri (Berk. & Rav.) Arth.). 8
DAOM, 5 DEARN, 4 PUR, 6 TRTC. Ranged 4, 5, 11, 15, 19, 25, 40, 41, 47, 51
and [Bristol, Pontiac Co. and Senneville, Jacgues Cartier Co., Que.]. The range
of this species extends across Canada. 0 I II III Rhus aromatica, R. radicans
(poison ivy). All Ontario collections are of the II III stages.

PUCCINIA

All types of life cycles are represented among the numerous species (over
one hundred in Ontario) of this the largest single genus in the Uredinales. A
number of species are rather complex in occurring on many hosts, exhibiting
slight or no morphological differences but some biological specialization.
Throughout the years these species have been lumped together, split into varie-
ties or treated as distinct species; thus the number of species in any given
geographical area will be modified slightly by the interpretation given to them.
Most species are localized in infection, but a few are systemic.

Pycnia are of little use in the identification of species, and aecia are just
occasionally distinctive. Aecia are generally cupulate with lacerate and recurving
peridia or rarely bullate, opening by a pore. Uredinia are usually pulverulent,
foliicolous, caulicolous or both, and light yellow to brown in color. Telia are
darker, pulverulent or pulvinate and are also found on leaves and stems. Telio-
spores are two-celled and are borne on separate, simple pedicels. Spore walls
are almost always colored, often but not always thickened at the apex and may
be smooth or variously sculptured. Besides dimensions and shape of uredinio-
spores and teliospores, wall thickness, color and marking, pore number and
arrangement are among the morphological features used in the identification of
species.

68. *P. acetosae Koern. 1876. 0 I unknown. II III Rumex acetosella DAOM
20658, 62510, Carleton Co.

69. P. andropogonis Schw. 1832. 3 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 5 PUR, 5 TRTC. Range
2, 5, 25, 27, 40, 54 and [Bristol, Que.]. 0 I Comandra richardsiana, C. umbellata,
Penstemon hirsutus. II III Andropogon gerardii {A. provincialis, A. furcatus), *A.
scoparius.

70. P. anemones-virginianae Schw. 1822. 9 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 5 TRTC. Range
4, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 28, 34, 45 and [Hull, Que.]. Ill ^[Anemone cylindricd\t
A. riparia, A. virginiana. The majority of collections in DAOM are reported on
Anemone virginiana; many of the hosts may actually be A. riparia, but without
fruiting heads in the collections checking cannot be done with certainty.

17

71. P. angel /cere (Schum.) Fckl. 1870. 0 I II III *Taenidia integerrima DEARN
3532 Lambton Co. Angelica atropurpurea and Zizea aurea are probable hosts in
Ontario; the latter is known in rusted condition from Manitoba and Quebec.

72. P. angustata Peck 1873. 12 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 33 TRTC. Range 3, 4, 5, 7,
8, 13, 19, 25, 26, 40, 45, 47, 54 and [Bristol, Que.]. 0 I Lycopus americanus,
L. asper, L. rubellus, L. unifolius, L. virginicus, Lycopus sp.; ^Mentha arvensis;
*Senecio aureus. II III *Eriophorum tenellum, E. virginicum forma album; *Scirpus
atrocinctus, S. atrovirens, S. cyperinus, S. pedicillatus, S. rubrocinctus, Scirpus
sp. Aeciospores are finely verrucose with scattered groups of coarser markings
whereas those of P. menthae are larger and coarsely verrucose. A single collection
is from Minaki, Kenora Dist. (Bisby et al. 1938).

73. P. antirrhini Diet, and Holw. 1897. 3 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 5 TRTC. Range 1,
2, 5, 7, 11, 17, 33, 40. 0 I unknown. II III Antirrhinum majus. Infection of snap-
dragons occurs in the open or in the greenhouse. An illustration of how a plant
disease can be spread unintentionally by human agency is illustrated by a
specimen in TRTC (ex Herb. J.H. Faull 4461), collected at Lake Timagami. A
notation on the label reads "in flower pots sent up from Toronto. " A small
inoculum potential wets transported over two hundred miles to an area not known
to have this disease.

74. P. arobicola Ell. <S Ev. 1891. 0 I III DAOM (Canadian Fungi 157) collected
at Ottawa, Ont. This is probably part of the type collection which was originally
described as on Arabis confinis. The host was later redetermined (Orton and
Arthur N.A.F. 7:459. 1921) and was considered to be Cardamine douglasii; but
no James Fletcher collection of any Cardamine species from the Ottawa district
matches the rusted leaf, which agrees much better with Arabis divaricarpa, a
species he did collect at Ottawa.

75. [*P. araliae Ell. & Ev. 1891. Ill DEARN 9044 on Panax trifolius collected
at Senneville, Que. This is the third known collection site in North America,
Arthur (1934) reports the other collections from Mas sachus sets and Pennsylvania].

76. P.^arenariae (Schum.) Wint. 1880. Ill DEARN 2171 on *Spergula arvensis
Dufferin Co. It will probably be found on other Caryophyllaceae native to northern
Ontario for Arenaria peploides, Cerastium alpinum and Stellaria spp. have been
found infected in areas of Manitoba and Quebec bordering Hudson Bay.

77. P. asparagi DC. 1805. 2 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 5 TRTC. Range 2, 4, 5, 7f 11,
17, 21, 30, 40. 0 I II III Asparagus officinalis. After the introduction of rust-
resistant host varieties losses from this pathogen dropped sharply. All Ontario
specimens are of uredinia and telia, aecia not having been collected.

78. P. asteris Duby 1830. 11 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 7 PUR, 17 TRTC. Range 4,
5, 10, 19, 25, 30, 40, 43, 47, 48, 51, 54. Ill Aster cordifolius, A. laevis, A.
macrophyllus, *A. novae-angliae, A. puniceus, Aster spp.

18

79. P. atropuncta Peck & Clint. 1879. 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range 25,
46. 0 I Prenanthes trifoliolata {JSabalus t. ) no Ontario collections. II III Zigadenus
glaucus (Z. chloranthus) .

80. P. bardanae (Walk.) Cda. 1840. 4- DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 12 TRTC.
Range 4, 5, 8, 11, 17, 18, 19, 40, 47. 0 II III Arctium minus. Aecia lacking. In
this respect and in general morphology it compares closely with P. cirsii Lasch
on species of Cirsium. P. cirsii Lasch and P. bardanae are treated as synonyms
of P. calcitrapae DC. (q.v.) by Hylander, Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953). See also
P. cnici.

81. [*P. bistortae (Str.) DC. 1815. 0 I Umbelliferae. II III Polygonum spp. There
are no Ontario records but collections from Quebec and Manitoba suggest the
occurrence of this species in Hudson and James Bay areas on Polygonum vivi-
parum. Hylander, Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953) note that on Polygonum the rust
is independent of host alternation .]

82. L*P. blyttiana Lagerh. 1892. Ill Ranunculus pedatifidus var. leiocarpus.

Not known in Ontario but it occurs on this host at Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T.,
and the host is known from Akimiski Island and Cape Henrietta Maria. (Dutilly et
al 1954)].

83. P. bolleyana Sacc. 1891. 5 DEARN, 3 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 19, 43,
51. 0 I *Sambucus canadensis, *5. nigra9 Sambucus sp. II III Carex lupuliformis,
*C. lupulina.

84. *P. calcitrapae DC. 1805 (P. cirsii Lasch 1859). 2 DAOM, 2 DEARN.Range
5, 25. 0 II III Cirsium vulgare. If the treatment of Hylander, Jorstad, and Nann-
feldt (1953) is followed the records of P. bardanae should be included here
(cf. P. cnici).

85. P. calthae Link 1825. 1 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 2 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 4, 5,
7, ?16, 27, 54. 0 I II III Caltha palustris. Distinctive spore features are: II pores
superequatorial, III walls smooth (cf. P. calthicola).

86. P. calthicola Schroet. 1879. 0 I II III Caltha palustris. There are 5 speci-
mens in TRTC from York and Simcoe Co. Distinctive spore features are: II pores
+ equatorial, III walls minutely verrucose. Separation of this species from the
preceeding one may not be possible without II and III spores.

87. P. canaliculata (Schw.) Lagerh. 1894. 0 I Ambrosia and Xanthium spp. no
Ontario collections. II III Cyperus strigosus TRTC 8172 Kent Co., DEARN 320
Middlesex Co., [C. esculentus, DAOM 23379, 44840 Gatineau Co., Que., along
Ottawa River].

88. P. caricina DC. 1815 (P. caricis (Schum.) Schroet. 1887). 17 DAOM, 15
DEARN, 15 PUR, 49 TRTC. Range 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 19, 25, 40, 42, 43, 47,
48, 51, 53, and [Gatineau area, and Gt. Whale River, Que.]. Throughout the
province, probably to Hudson Bay. This is a complex rust with pycnia and aecia

19

on Saxifragaceae and Urticaceae, and uredinia and telia on Car ex (Cyperaceae).
Arthur divides the complex into 5 varieties based on pore arrangement and size
of uredinios pores. Hylander, Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953) have lumped these
varieties under de Candolle's binomial and have included P. limosae (q.v.), in
one of 3 additional varieties. There may be merit in accepting the latter treatment
in principle; however additional study might indicate the necessity for the re-
tention of some of Arthur's varieties. Pore plugs are present in the aecia of this
complex. 0 I Ribes americanum {R. floridum) , R. cynosbati, *R. glandulosum,
*R. hirtellum var. calcicola, *R. hudsonianum, R. lacustre, *R. nigrum, *R.
oxyacanthoides, Ribes spp. ; Urtica dioica, U. gracilis, *(j. lyalli, Urtica sp. II
III [Carex aquatilis], *C. arctata, [C. bigelowii], C. blanda, *C. brunnescens,
C. canescens, C. colorata, *C. crawfordii, C. crinita, C. debilis (C. flexuosa)t
*C. demissa, C. eburnea, C. flava, C. gracillima, C. hirtifolia (C. pubescens),
C. intumescens, *C. lacustris, *C. lenticularis, *C. pedunculata *[C. ? planta-
ginea], *C. pseudo-cyperus, *C. rostrata var. utriculata, *C. scabratay C. stricta
var. strictior (C. strictior), *C. tetanica, *C. trisperma, *C. vesicaria, C.
vulpinoidea, Carex spp.

89. P. caricis-shepherdiae J.J. Davis 1924. 5 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 5 TRTC.
Range 3, 25, 30, 40, and [Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Shepherdia canadensis
aecia are hypophyllous, scattered or in loose groups, (cf. P. coronata). II III
Carex eburnea, *[C. bieglowii]. Excellent field proof of the alternation between
Shepherdia and carex was found at Great Whale River where Carex bigelowii
(DAOM 23609) grew up throuqh Shepherdia canadensis (DAOM 23592). In Western
Canada Elaeagnus is often the 0 I host.

90. [*P. carthami Cda. 1840. 0 II III Carthamus tinctorius.A number of speci-
mens in DAOM resulted from inoculations carried out in the greenhouses of the
Laboratory of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ottawa. Here, in 1943, the pycnial
stage was obtained and experiments showed aecia to be absent and that it was
possible to infect the closely related composite Centaurea cyanus very sparingly
(Canadian Plant Disease Survey for 1949).]

91. [P. chrysanthami Roze 1900. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN. Range 3, 5, 11, and
[Montreal, Que.]. 0 I Unknown. II III Chrysanthemum sp. (Cult.). All specimens
are from greenhouses and they include uredinia only.]

92. *P. cicutae Lasch. 1845. 0 I II III Cicuta maculata DAOM 26748, 26753
Carleton Co. A few plants in a large but scattered population growing along a
railway ditch were heavily infected and the effect of the rust on the host was
visible at some distance.

93. P. c/rcoeoe Pers. 1801. 12 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 3 PUR, 18 TRTC. Range
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 19, 25, 27, 40, 42, 46, 47, 48, 51 and [Gatineau
area, Que.]. Ill Circaea alpina, C. quadrisculata (C. lutetiana auct., C. lati folia).

94. P. clintonii Peck 1876. DAOM 61811 III Pedicularis canadensis DEARN
1922 Middlesex Co., DAOM 44021 Sturgeon Lake, Petawawa, Renfrew Co. Ont.

20

and [DAOM 15465 Gatineau area, Que.].

95. P. cnici Mart. 1817. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 5 TRTC. Range 5, 19, 25, 40, 47.
0 I II III Cirsium vulagre (C. lanceolatum). Telial collections must be examined
carefully to distinguish this species from P. calcitrapae DC. (P. cirsii Lasch),
which differs mainly in the placement of the germ pore of the lower cell. In P.
cnici it is located at the septum whereas in P. calcitrapae it is much depressed.

96. *P. comandra Peck 1884. Ill Geocaulon lividum (Comandra lividum)

DAOM 28034 Heron Bay, Thunder Bay Dist. This is a new species record for
Ontario and a new host for the rust.

97. P. conglomerate (Strauss) Roehling 1813. 3 DAOM, 1 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range
40, 51, 54 and [Great Whale River, Que.]. Ill Petasites palmatus,*[P. sagittatus],
*P. vitifolius (P. trigonophyllus) .

98. *P. convolvuli Cast. 1842. 5 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range
1, 5, 19, 40 and [lie Perrot, Que.]. 0 I II III Convolvulus sepium. There are no
Ontario specimens of the 0 I stages.

99. P. coronata Cda. 1837. 53 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 4 PUR, 17 TRTC. Range 3,
5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 36, 38, 39,40,41,47, 51, 53 and
[Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Rhamnus alni folia, R. cathartica, Rhamnus sp., and
the following named exotic specimens in the Dominion Arboretum and Botanic
Garden, Ottawa: R. chlorophora R. infectoria, R. japonica, R. pallasii, R. saxa-
tilis, R. spathulaefoliay R. utilis, R. wildenowiana. II III *Agropyron repensi
Agropyron sp. ; *lAgrG3tis stolonifera]; \.Avena longiglumis], A. sativa, {.A.
strigosa\ Avena sp. ; *Calamagrostis canadensis; *Elymus canadensis; *Festuca
elatior;[Lolium perenne]. In Ontario leaf rust of oats is sometimes of considerable
economic importance. It was especially severe during the years 1921-24; the
ensuing years showed less severe outbreaks but rust was still of local importance
depending on the proximity of the buckthorn host, the maturity of the oat crop,
and the correlated climatic conditions. An account in the Canadian Plant Disease
Survey for the year 1931 describes the oat - buckthorn association which is
usually reguired to produce severe rust infection.

100. P. cryptotoeniae Peck 1873. 0 III Cryptotaenia canadensis DEARN 250
Middlesex Co., TRTC 9538 York Co.

101. P. cyani Pass. 1874. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 4 TRTC. Range 5, 11, 19, 40.
0 II III Centaur ea cyanus (bachelor's-button, cornflower) is well known and
widely cultivated in flower gardens whence originated these records.

102. P. dayi Clint, ex Pk. 1876. 1 DAOM, 5 DEARN, 5 PUR, 4 TRTC. Range
5, 6, 8, 40. Ill Lysimachia ciliata {Steironema ciliatum). Teliospores are normally
2-celled but occasionally 3- or 4-celled.

103. P. dioicae P. Magn. 1877 (P. extensicola Plow.). 20 DAOM, 12 DEARN, 43
PUR, 43 TRTC. Range 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 25, 26, 40, 43,

21

INDEX TO COUNTIES
AND DISTRICTS

Algoma 48

Brant 8

Bruce 25

Carleton 40

Cochrane 53

Dufferin 20

Dundas 35

Durham 22

Elgin 4

Essex 1

Frontenac 32

Glengarry 37

Grenville 34

Grey 26

Haldimand 9

Haliburton 42

Halton 15

Hastings 30

Huron 16

Kenora 54

Kent 2

Lambton 3

Lanark 41

Leeds 33

Lennox and Addington .. 31

Lincoln 11

Manitoulin 46

Middlesex 5

Muskoka 43

Nipissing 47

Norfolk 6

Northumberland 23

Ontario 21

Oxford 7

Parry Sound 44

Peel 18

Perth 14

Peterborough 29

Prescott 38

Prince Edward 24

Rainy River 52

Renfrew 45

Russell 39

Simcoe 27

Stormont 36

Sudbury 49

Temiskaming 50

Thunder Bay 51

Victoria 28

Waterloo 13

Welland 10

Wellington 17

Wentworth 12

York 19

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45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54. 0 I * Aster acuminatus, *A. ciliolatus {A. lindley-
anus)t A. cordifolius, *A. ? johanensis (sub. A. longiflorus) , A. macrophyllus ,
*A. puniceus, A. sagittifolius *A. simplex, Aster sp.; Epilobium angustifolium;
*Erigeron philadelphicus; *Lactuca canadensis, *L. sativa; *Oenthera biennis;
*Prenanthes ? alba. II III *Carex backii, C. bebbii, C. brevior, C. cephalophora,
C. chordorrhiza, *C. crawfordii, C. cristatella (C. cristata)t C. disperma (C.
tenella)t C. foenea, C. festucacea, C. pensylvanica, C. rosea, C. scoparia, C.
sparganioides, C. sprengelii, *C. stipata, C. tenera (C. straminea), *C. tribu-
loides, C. vulpinoidea, Carex sp.; Dulichium arundinaceum. In his treatment of
this complex species (sub. P. extensicola) Arthur (1934) has created 10 varieties
7 of which are recorded from Ontario. The varietal combinations under P.dioicae,
have not been formally made and therefore P. dioicae in this work embodies
most of Arthur's varieties. Records of the aecial stage on Dirca palustris,
treated under varietal rank by Arthur (op. cit.), are listed herein under the form
genus Aecidium.

104. *P. drabae Rud. 1829. Ill Draba sp. TRTC 10567, 10568 Thunder Bay Dist.
There are numerous specimens in DAOM from the N.W.T. and a report from
Churchill, Manitoba, by Bisby et al. (1938). It is possible that this species
occurs also in the regions bordering James and Hudson Bays.

105. P. eatoniae Arth. 1904 var. ranunculi Mains 1932. 2 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1
PUR, 5 TRTC. Range 1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 17, 18, 19, 40. 0 I Ranunculus abortivus.
II III Sphenopholis intermedia (sub. S. pallens). Although not yet known from
Ontario, aecia are known to occur also on Myosotis (Boraginaceae).

106. P. eleocharidis Arth. 1884. 1 DAOM, 5 DEARN, 5 PUR, 12 TRTC. Range
3, 4, 5, 17, 19, 25, 27, 40, 47. 0 I Eupatorium perfoliatum, E. purpureum, *E.
rugosum {E. urticae folium). II III Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis sp. on culms.
Eupatorium rugosum also supports Puccinia tenuis an aut-opsis rust having all
spore forms smaller, and in which telia often accompany aecia.

107. P. ellisiano Thuem. 1878. 0 I Viola sp. DAOM (Canadian Fungi 15) Thunder
Bay Dist. II III Andropogon gerardi DEARN 3340 Middlesex Co., *A. scoparius
TRTC 6781 Bruce Co. The collection of aecia from Thunder Bay District is very
old (1884) and in rather poor condition. Viola spp. support a number of other
rusts, the most commonly encountered is P. violae. Andropogon is also infected
with a number of pucciniaceous rust species.

108. P. emaculata Schw. 1832. 1 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 2 PUR. Range 2, 4, 5, 16,
40, 0 I not known. II III Panicum capillare. Very similar to P. panici but separated
on slight differences in spore size.

109. *P. epilobii DC. 1815. Ill Epilobium palustre var. grammadophyllum DAOM
25425 Thunder Bay Dist. This is a new host and a good range extension, the
rust having been reported by Arthur (1934) from only 3 localities in North America.
Other recent range extension records in DAOM are from St. Anthony, Nfld.,
Prince George, B.C., and Long I., Hudson Bay.

24

110. P. erigeniae (Orton) Arth. 1921. 0 I III Erigenia bulbosa DEARN 80(d),
1518, 1519, Middlesex Co. The host is found only in southwestern Ontario. The
rust closely resembles P. pimpinellae in having similar spore features and by its
occurrence on a related umbellifer.

111. *P. traseri Arth. 1915. Ill Hieracium scabrum TRTC 1059, 9022 Nipissing
Dist. II spores (fide Arthur) are occasionally found amongst III spores; the latter
have firm rather than deciduous pedicels and are smooth-walled and generally
narrower than teliospores of P. hieracii, also a parasite of 11. scabrum.

112. P. gentianae (Strauss) Roehling 1813. 2 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 3 PUR, 1 TRTC.
Range 5, 8, 40. 0 I II III Gentiana andrewsii. Aecia were not present on the above
specimens which were all collected in late summer.

113. P. graminis Pers. 1801. 87 DAOM, 17 DEARN, 20 PUR, 34 TRTC. Range
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 34, 38, 40, 41, 43, 45,
47, 48, 49, 53, 54. 0 I Berberis vulgaris and the following named specimens in
the Dominion Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ottawa: B. emarginata9 B. laxifolia,
B. ? macrophylla. II III * Agropyron griffithsii, A. repens; *Agrostis alba, Alope-
curus geniculatus var. aristulatus, *A pratensis, A. serawchanicus ; *Ammophila
breviligulata; *Avena brevis, A. ? chinensis, *A. fatua, *A. ? Ludoviciana, A.
sativa, *A. sterilis, *A. strigosus, Avena sp.; Briza minor; Cinna arundinacea;
*Dactylis glomerata; *Elymus virginicus; *Festuca elatior; Glyceria grandis;
*Hordeum jubatum, *H. v ul gar e; Milium effusum; Phleum pratense; *Poa compressa,
*P. pratensis; Secale cereale; Triticum aestivum. Severe, province-wide out-
breaks have not occurred in Ontario to the extent that they occur in the Prairie
Provinces. In the prairies, inoculum originating from the southern states arrives
during the summer in the form of wind-borne uredinios pores. In Ontario wind-
borne inoculum from outside the province may account for scattered rust incidence,
but sometimes severe, localized outbreaks arise from aeciospore infection and
are dependent on association with barberry. The acreage sown to oats in Ontario
is practically double that sown to wheat and it would seem that basic requirements
for establishing local epiphytotics occur more frequently between barberry and
oats than between barberry and wheat. Numerous investigations have been con-
ducted in the problems arising from infection of cereals by P. graminis. Our
knowledge of this parasitic disease, so highly important in the Canadian wheat-
producing economy, has been summerized in a popular account by J.H. Craigie
(Canada Department of Agriculture Bulletin 666 (revised 1957)).

114. *P. haleniae Arth. & Holw. 1887. 3 TRTC. Range 13, 25, 46, 54 III
Gentiana amarella, *Halenia deflexa. Bisby et al. (1938) record the rust on
Gentiana from Minaki in Kenora Dist.

115. P. helianthi Schw. 1822. 4 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 3 PUR, 7 TRTC. Range 2,
5, 6, 11, 40, 47, 48, 53. 0 I II III Helianthus annuus, *H. decapetalus, H. &gan-
teus, H. laetiflorus var. rigidus (//. rigidus), *11. maximiliani, H. strumosus, 11.
tuberosuSy Helianthus sp. In some years in Manitoba, sunflower rust results in
considerable loss of the seed crop.

25

116. P. heucherae (Schw.) Diet. 1891 var. heucherae. 4 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 2 PUR,
9 TRTC. Range 4, 5, 7, 8, 19, 40, 51. Ill Mitella diphylla, M. nuda; Tiarella
cordifolia.

117. P. heucherae (Schw.) Diet. 1891 var. saxifragae (Schlect.) Savile 1954. [l
DACM], 3 TRTC. Range 19, 51, 54 and [Great Whale River, Que.]. Ill He uc her a
richardsonii, [Saxifraga rivularis], S. virginiensis. The treatment here follows
Savile's (1954) revision of the microcyclic rusts of Saxifragaceae.

118. P. hieracii (Roehling) Martius 1817. 19 DAOM,4 DEARN, 7 PUR, 20 TRTC.
Range 1, 5, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54 and [Great
Whale River, QueJ.O I II III Cichorium intybus, Hieracium canadense, *H.scabrum;
Leontodon sp. ; ^Taraxacum ceratophorum, *T. erythrospermum, *T. latilobum,
T. officinale (T. vulgar e).

119. P. hordei Otth. 1871 (P. anomala Rostr. 1873). 4 DAOM, 1 TRTC. Range
11, 17, 40. 0 I Ornithogalum spp. Known only from Europe. II III Hordeum vulgare.
There are records of this rust from New Brunswick to Saskatchewan but infection
is generally light and any losses negligible.

120. *P. hydrophylli Peck 6c Clint. 1878. Ill Hydrophyllum virginianum DEARN
653 Middlesex Co.

121. P. investita Schw. 1832. 0 I III Gnaphalium macounii DEARN 2513 Middle-
sex Co. A phanerogamic specimen collected at the same time as the rust (20 Sept.
1897) is inDAO.

122. P. iridis Rab. 1844. 7 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 3 PUR, 8 TRTC. Range 5, 7, 8,
17, 19, 40, 47 and [Hull, Que.]. 0 I Not known in North America but reported
from Siberia on Valeriana and from Norway on (Jrtica. II III Iris versicolor. Telia
are not present on any of the above specimens even though collection dates
range from July to October over a period of years. Arthur (1934) reports only the
uredinial stage east of the Rocky Mountains.

123. *P. karelica Tranz. 1905. 0 I Trientalis americana DAOM 23947 Carleton
Co. II III Carex paupercula TRTC 7293 Bruce Co., DAOM 23944 Carleton Co.,
and [DAOM 49815 Rupert House, QueJ.Tranzschel (1939) made this a subspecies
of P. limosae and Hylander Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953) treated it under P.
caracina var. limosae.

124. P. lapsanae Fckl. 1860. 2 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR. Range 11, ?19, 32,
40. 0 I II III Lapsana communis.

125. *P. liatridis (Arth. & Fromme) Beth, ex Arth. 1934. 0 I Liatris aspera and
L. cylindricea DEARN 8123 both from Lambton Co. II III Koeleria and Agrostis
but not known in Ontario.

126. [*P. ligustici Ell. <£ Ev. 1895. HI Ligusticum scothicum DAOM 23605 Great
Whale River, Que. At the above site, the rust was confined to one small colony

26

where the host was abundant along a rocky shoreline.]

127. P. limosae Magn. 1877. 2 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 11 PUR. Range 5, 45, 47. 0 I
Lysimachia thyrsifolia (Naumburgia t.). II III Carex arcta, C. crinita, C. limosa,
*C, vesicaria. For the purposes of this work P. limosae is retained as a separate
entity, but there is a close relationship with P. karelica.

128. P. linkii Klotzsch 1833. Ill *Viburnum edule (V. pauciflomm) TRTC 10569,
19551 Thunder Bay Dist. Added field search will no doubt broaden the range of
this species in Ontario. It is far better represented in DAOM from Quebec and
Manitoba than from Ontario.

129. P. lobeliae Ger. ex Pk. 1873. 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 4 TRTC. Range 5, 7, 8,
15, 43. Ill Lobelia siphilitica. P. lobeliae and P. campanulae were maintained
as separate entities by Arthur (1934) primarily because they occurred on plants
in different, although related, families. Fernald (1950) now treats the respective
hosts in Campanulaceae. Should these rusts prove to be morphologically similar
then the name P. campanulae Carm. ex Berk. 1836 has priority. P. campanulae
(s. str. ) is not known in Ontario.

130. P. ludovicianae Fahr. 1941 (segregate of P. absinthii DC. 1815). 0 II III
*Artemesia ludoviciana TRTC 2200, Faull 8165 (TRTC) Nipissing District also
reported (sub P. absinthii) by Bisby et al. (1938) from Kenora Dist. The segre-
gation of this species is based on the presence of large, capitate, hyaline
paraphyses in the uredinia. These structures are present in the material in TRTC.
P. absinthii (s. str.) is antedated by P. tanaceti DC. 1805 and is not known to
occur in Ontario. D.B.O. Savile (in conversation) is of the opinion that nearly
every species of Artemesia and Tanacetum bears its own variety of P. tanaceti
and that these do not merit specific rank.

131. P. magnusiana Koern. 1876. 2 DAOM, 3 DEARN. Range 1, 3, 6. 0 I Anemone
cylindrica. II III Phragmites communis. II spore germ pores are numerous and
scattered (cf. P. phragmitis).

132. P. ma/vacearum Bert, ex Mont. 1852. 22 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 7 PUR, 13 TRTC.
Range 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27, 33, 35, 37, 40, 54. Ill "Althaea
armeniaca, A. fici folia, A. rosea, Malva moschata, *M. neglecta, M. rotundifolia,
(M. borealis)t M. sylvestris.

133. P. mar/ae-w//son/ae Clint. 1873. 22 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 5 PUR, 16 TRTC.
Range 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 19, 25, 26, 40, 41 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I III
Claytonia caroliniana, C. virginica. Endophyllum lacus-regis (g.v.) is also found
on Claytonia. The two rusts are distinguished on aecial habit and aeciospore
size as well as life cycle.

134. P. marylandica Lindr. 1901. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 TRT. Range 27 and
[Montreal, Que.]. 0 I II III *Sanicula marylandica.

27

135. P. menthae Pers. 1801. 14 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 13 PUR, 20 TRTC. Range 1,
3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 15, 19, 25, 26, 30, 47 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I II III Mentha
arvensis forma glabra, M. arvensis var. villosa (M. canadensis), M. spicata-
Monarda didyma, M. fistulosa, M. fistulosa var. mollis (M. mollis); Pycnanthemum
flexuosum, P. virginianum; *Satureja arkansana, S. vulgaris {Clinopodium vulgare).
Aecia bullate, aeciospores coarsely verrucose (cf. P. angustata.)

136. P. mesomo/o/is Berk. & Curt, ex Pk. 1873. 2 DAOM, 9 TRTC. Range 25,
47, 48, 51, 54. Ill Clintonia borealis.

37. *P. microsora Koern. ex Fckl. 1874. 4 DAOM, 4 TRTC. Range 40, 45, 47.
I unknown. II 11^ III * Car ex retrorsa, *C. vesicaria, *C. vesicaria var. monile.

137.

0

Amphisori are abundant, teliospores occur only intermixed with amphisporeB

(11^). The latter function as normal irediniospores (IP) but differ in morphology

and are capable of overwintering.

138. C*P. millefolii Fckl. 1870. Ill * Achillea millefolium DAOM 23798, 23799,
Great Whale River, Que. Hylander, Jorstad and Nannfeldt (1953) place this
species in synonomy with P. asteris under P. cnicioleracei Pers. ex Desm.].

139. P. minutissimo Arth. 1907. 3 DAOM, 9 DEARN, 1 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range
2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 18, 40. 0 I Decodon verticillatus . II III Carex aquatilis {C. sub-
stricta), C. filiformis, C. lasiocarpa *C. leptalea. Aeciospores possess pore
plugs as in P. dioicae and telial characters are similar to the latter also.

140. P. mono/Co Arth. 1912. 0 I Arabis lyrata, DEARN 3433 Lambton Co. II III
Koeleria, Trisetum, Stipa not known in Ontario.

141. P. obscura Schroet. ex Pass. 1877. 0 I Bellis perennis known in Europe
but not reported from North America although the host is cultivated in Ontario
and has been found as an 'escape1 in the Toronto area. II III Luzula acuminata
var. carolinae (L. carolinae) DAOM 59447, DEARN 1862 and 7 records in PUR,
all from Middlesex Co.

142. P. obtecta Peck 1873. 1 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 4 TRTC. Range 5, 19, 25, 26,
27, 46. 0 III Bidens sp. II III Scirpus americanus, *S. acutus, S. cyperinus, S.
validus, Scirpus sp.

143. P. orfc/cu/a Peck. <S Clint. 1879. 3 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 11 TRTC. Range 3,
11, 19, 27, 32, 4U, 43. 0 I II III *Prenanthes alba {Nabalus a.), *P. altissima,
Prenanthes sp.

144. P. ornata Arth. & Holw. 1887. 3 TRTC. Range 19, 22. Ill *Rumex orbiculatus
(R. britannica), R. verticillatus, Rumex sp.

145. [*P. oxalidis Diet. & Ell. 1895. 3 DAOM. Range 40. 0 I Mahonia repens
not known in Ontario. II III *Oxalis corymbosa (O. martiana), 0. rubra. The

natural range of this rust is in southern United States. The specimens (II only)

28

in DAOM were taken from a greenhouse overrun with Oxalis; apparently the rust
had been introduced with the imported Oxalis].

146. P. panic i Diet. 1895. 0 I Euphorbia spp. No Ontario records. II III *Panicum
virgatum DAOM 19995, DEARN 3176 Norfolk Co., TRTC 6779 Bruce Co. The
slightly larger urediniospore size is used by Arthur (1934) to distinguish this
species from P. emaculata.

147. [P. pazschei Diet. 1891. Ill Saxifraga cotyledon TRTC 9183 and 5. lingulata
var. lantoscana DAOM 2015 (TRTC 5787) both from the greenhouses of the
Department of Botany, University of Toronto. For varietal differences see Savile
(1954)].

148. P. phrogmitis (Schum.) Koern. 1876. 8 DAOM. Range 3, 39. 0 I ^Polygonum
pensylvanicum, *P. lapathifloium. II III Phragmitis communis. The 0 I hosts
Rheum rhaponticum and Rumex spp. listed by Arthur (1934) have not been found
supporting this rust in Ontario. Field association of Polygonum and Phragmitis
where the latter was heavily rusted suggested the possibility of the former being
an alternate host. Aecia were found on young Polygonum leaves and were used
to infect isolated plants of the grass. Telia overwintered in the field were used
to inoculate, successfully, the above Polygonum spp., which had been started in
the greenhouse from seed. The aecial stage is found on leaves and stems of
young plants (2-4 inches) only; badly infected seedlings die, or the infected
leaves fall, leaving no evidence that the Polygonum is the alternate host.

149. P. physalidis Peck. 1879. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR. Range 2, 40. IU
Physalidis heterophylla. Infection is systemic, (cf. Aecidium physalidis),

150. *P. physostegiae Peck <S Clint. 1878. 3 TRTC. Range 11, 19. Ill Physostegia
virginiana. Telia systemic.

151. P. pimpinellae (Strauss) Roehling 1813. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 5 PUR, 10
TRTC. Range 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 19, 27,30, 40,48 and [Gatineau area, Que.].

0 I II III Osmorhiza claytoni, 0. longistylis, Osmorhiza sp. Chaerophyllum,
closely related to Osmorhiza, has been found rusted in the state of Pennsylvania
and it may be found carrying this autoecious species in southern Ontario.

152. *Pucc/n/a plumbaria Pk. 1881. 4 DAOM. Range Lanark Co. 0 I III Phlox
divaricata. Pycnia and aecia systemic, telia localized. The host is known to
occur throughout southern Ontario in rocky, deciduous, hardwoods. Rusted plants
were most conspicuous when aecia were fully mature about the end of May 1959
in the vicinity of Ottawa.

153. P. pooe-nemoro//s Otth 1871 (P. poae-sudeticae Westend. 1869). 10 DAOM,

1 DEARN, 7 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 9, 19, 40, 47, and [Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I
unknown. II III *[Agrostis borealis"]; *Poa annua, *[P. arctica], *P. compressd,
P. pratensis, *P. palustris, Poa sp.; *[jrisetum spicatum\ Telia were absent
from all of the Ontario collections. The presence of capitate paraphyses in the

29

uredinia distinguished this species from P. poarum. The latter is not known to
occur in Ontario.

154. P. podophylli Schw. 1822. 16 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 4 PUR, 20 TRTC. Range
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 27, 31, 33. 0 I III Podophyllum peltatum.

Basidiopsore infection may give rise to pycnia and aecia, to an association of
aecra with telia, or to telia alone. Jackson (1931) cites this species as an
example of a rust exhibiting an unstable life cycle, being in transition from an
opsis- to a micro-form species.

155. P. polygoni-amphibii Pers. 1801. 17 DAOM, 9 DEARN, 7 PUR, 10 TRTC.
Range 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 16, 17, 19, 25, 32, 40, 45, 47. 0 I Geranium maculatum. II
III Polygonum amphibium, P. coccineum (P. muhlenbergii), P. convolvulus, *P.
cristatum, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathi folium, Polygonum sp.,*Tovara virginiana
{Polygonum virginianum). On the basis of the position of urediniospore germ
pores and on the gross features of telia, Arthur (1934) has recognized three
varieties. All three are recorded from Ontario.

156. *P. porphyrogenita Curt, ex Theum. 1876. 4 DAOM, 12 TRTC. Range 47,
51. Ill Cornus canadensis. Mesospores occasionally occur amongst normal
two-celled teliospores.

157. *[Pucc/n/cr proegracilis Arth. var. connersii Savile 1951. 0 I Habenaria
dilatata DAOM 23447 Great Whale River, Que. II III Deschampsia atropurpurea
DAOM 23446 Great Whale River, Que. The appearance of the coronate telio-
spores caused Arthur to relegate this species, which he first described in 1907,
to synonomy under P. coronata. Differences in spore characters plus widely
different aecial hosts (cf. P. coronata) and lack of pycnia led Savile to erect a
new species in 1950 and later (1951) to provide the above varietal combination,]

158. [P. pulsatillae Kalchb. 1865. Ill Anemone parviflora DAOM 23896 Great
Whale River, Que. Alpine species of Anemone and Ranunculus in the barren
regions of Ontario bordering Hudson Bay are expected to bear this rust.]

159. P. punctata Link 1815. 3 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range 5, 12,
17, 19, 40, 48. 0 I II III Galium asprellum, *G. palustre, Galium spp. Telia
chiefly epiphyllous (cf. P. rubefaciens).

160. *P. punctata Link var. troglodytes (Lindr.) Arth. 1934. 0 I unknown II III
Galium triflorum TRTC 12071 Brant Co., DAOM 63884 Lanark Co., TRTC 1443,
2870 Nipissing Dist.

161. P. punctiformis (Strauss) Roehling 1813 (P. obtegens Tul.). 13 DAOM,
1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 10 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 30, 40, 42, 45, 47, 51, 54.
0 II III Cirsium arvense. Pycnia and uredinia hypophyllous and systemic, pore of
teliospore basal cell depressed, (cf. P. cnici 0 II hypophyllous, not systemic,
pore of teliospore basal cell located at septum; and cf. P. calcitrapae 0 II
epiphyllous, not systemic, pore of teliospore basal cell depressed).

30

162. P. pygmaea Eriks. 1895. 0 I Berberis sp. Europe, not known in North
America. II III Oryzopsis asperifolia, PUR 21683 Middlesex Co., Oryzopsis sp.
TRTC 8175 Nipissing Dist. The presence of numerous capitate paraphyses in the
uredinia is an aid in identifying this rust. P. substerilis (P. scaber) and P.
burnettii, also occurring on Oryzopsis, are reported only from western North
America. They are not known to have uredinial paraphyses.

163. P. pyrolae Cooke 1872. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 3 PUR, 14 TRTC. Range 5, 7,
8, 19, 25, 26, 27, 33, 41, 47, 48. Ill Polygala paucifolia.

164. *P. recedens Syd. 1902. Ill Senecio aureus TRTC 4678, 9529 York Co.

165. P. recondita Rob. ex Desm. 1857 (P. rubigo-vera Wint. ). 28 DAOM, 11 DEARN,
15 PUR, 53 TRTC. Range 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, 29,
34, 36, 40, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 lActaea pachypoda
*[A. rubra]; Anemone cylindrica, *A. multifida (A. hudsonia), A. quinquefolia
*A. virginiana; *Cimicifuga racemosa; ^Clematis verticillaris, C. virginiana;
Impatiens capensis, I. pallida, Impatiens spp. ; Lycopsis arvensis; ^Ranunculus
acris; *Thalictrum dasycarpum, *T. polygamum. Aecia yellow, in groups, finely
lacerated (cf. Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae) . II III Agropyron repens; *Alopecurus
pratensis; Bromus ciliatus, B. latiglumus, B. purgans; Elymus virginicus; Secale
cereale; Triticum aestivum. Pycnia and aecia are known on Ranunculaceae and
Balsaminaceae in Ontario; elsewhere in North America the 0 I stages are reported
on Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae. The varieties that Arthur (1934) recognizes
under P. rubigo-vera have not as yet been validly set up under P. recondita and
records of them are therefore lumped under the latter binomial. In some years
leaf rust of wheat causes considerable reduction in yield. Sulphur dusting of
test plots in Manitoba showed this loss to be 4-20% (Canadian Plant Disease
Survey 1942). Losses are less conspicuous in Ontario than in the prairies where
the average yearly acreage sown to wheat is approximately ten times that sown
in Ontario.

166. *P. ribis DC. 1805. Ill Ribes triste TRTC 2815 Nipissing Dist., DAOM
23525 Cochrane Dist.

167. *P. rubefacients Johans. 1886. Ill Galium boreale L. (s. lat.) DAOM 49962,
49976 Kenora Dist. Common in Western Canada but apparently rare in Ontario.
Telia hypophyllous.

168. P. sessilis Schneid. ex Schroet. 1870. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 5 PUR, 4 TRTC.
Range 5, 8, 21, 25,,26, 34, 43, 48. 0 I *Erythronium americanum; *Iris versicolor;
Smilacina stellata. II III Phalaris arundinacea.

169. P. seymouriana Arth. 1902. 0 I [Cephalanthus occidentalis He Perrot,
Que., known also on Apocynum and Asclepias spp.] not known in Ontario. II III
Spartina pectinata (S. michauxiana) PUR 22723 Point Abino, Welland Co., 28
August 1896. The specimen has not been examined.

31

170. *P. silphii Schw. 1832. Ill Silphium perfoliatum DEARN 1978 Middlesex Co.

171. P. sorghi Schw. 1832. 8 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range 1, 5,
8, 11, 17, 19, 21, 40, 53. 0 I Oxalis spp. No Ontario collections. II III Zea mays.
Although fairly common and widespread in the province, rust is not known to
cause serious damage to the corn crop.

172. *P. sparganioides. Ellis & Barth. 1896 (P. peridermiospora (Ell. &Tr.).
Arth.) 4 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 2 TRTC. Range 2, 40, 45, 48, and [Gatineau and
Montreal areas, Que.]. 0 I Fraxinus americanus, Fraxinus sp. II III Spartina
pectinata (S. michauxiana) , Spartina sp.

173. P. sporoboli Arth. 1884. 4 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 6 TRTC. Range 3, 25. 0 I
*Smilacina stellata. II III Calamovilfa longifolia. All specimens were collected
at beach areas along the east shore of Lake Huron. Rusted Smilacina (DAOM)
was collected in May 1955 growing intermixed with Calamovilfa that bore abundant
overwintered telia. Away from Calamovilfa the Smilacina was healthy. In August
fresh uredinia and telia were abundant on the grass at this site. H.C. Greene
(in litt.) and G.B. Cummins have recently found that much of the material on
Calamovilfa passing as P. amphigena is actually P. sporoboli, distinguished by
its nearly basal urediniospore germ pores. All specimens in DAOM from Alberta
and Saskatchewan in which any urediniospores, which are usually scarce, could
be found proved to be P. sporoboli, and P. amphigena may be absent from Canada.

174. *P. tenuis Burr. 1884. 0 I III Eupatorium rugosum (E. urticaefolium) TRTC
17158 Halton Co. Aecia and telia are present in the single TRTC specimen.
Teliospores form in oval, subepidermal locules delimited by rectangular cells
(? paraphyses) 16.0-27.0 x 3.0-8.0 u. arising from the periphery of the mycelium
which gives rise to the spores.

175. *P. thlaspeos Schub. 1823 (P. holboellii (Hornem.) Rostr.), 3 DAOM, 1 TRTC.
Range 5, 54 and [Old Factory and Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 III Arabis arenicola,
Arabis sp., *[Draba incana}. Infection is systemic.

176. *P. tumipides Peck 1885. 0 II III Lycium halimifolium TRTC 5675, 17177
Lincoln Co., DAOM 61825 Peel Co., TRTC 23238 Simcoe Co. These specimens
were all collected in late summer and do not bear pycnia or primary uredinia.

177. *P. virgae-aureae (DC.) Lib. 1837. (P. virgaureae (DC.) Lib.). Ill Solidago
lanceolata DAOM Carleton Co.

178. P. v/ncoe Berk, in Smith 1836. 3 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR. Range 5, 17,
19, 22, 40. 0 II III Vinca major. Most of the Ontario collections were obtained
from pereiwinkles growing in the greenhouse; just occasionally is the rust found
on plants growing outdoors. Aecia are described as uredinoid, but none were
present in the Ontario specimens.

179. P. v/o/oe (Schum.) DC. 1815. 17 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 8 PUR, 16 TRTC.

32

Range 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 40, 42, 47, 48, 51 and [Gatineau area and
Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I II III * Viola adunca var. minor, *V. blanda, *V.
canadensis, *V. conspersa, *V. ? nephrophylla, *V. pallens, V. pensylvanica
(V. eriocarpa), V. pubescens, *V. selkirkii, V. septentrionalis, V. soraria, Viola

spp.

180. P. waldsteiniae Curt, ex Pk. 1873. 1 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 TRTC. Range
19, 47, 48 (?49). Ill Waldsteinia fragarioides. Found sparingly in Ontario as well
as in the rest of the known range in North America.

181. P. windsoriae Schw. 1832. 0 I Ptelea trifoliata not known in Ontario. II III
Triodia flava PUR (DEARN cult. 10113) Lake Huron Ont., 25 May 1912. Duplicate
material of this record was not found in the Dearness collection of Uredinales
and the specimen in PUR has not been examined.

182. P. xanthii Schw. 1822. 4 DAOM, 6 DEARN, 3 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 1, 3,
4, 5, 8, 11, 16, 19. Ill Ambrosia trifida; Xanthium chinense, *X. echinatum,
*X. italicum, *X. strumarium.

PUCCINIASTRUM

Where known, pycnia and aecia occur on needles of Abies, Picea and
Tsuga and uredinia and telia parasitize members of various plant families notably
Roasceae and Ericaceae. Hiratsuka (1936, 1958) believes that the location of
the teliospores within the host is sufficient grounds to maintain Thecospora
and Calyptospora as separate genera. These are treated as subgenera of
Pucciniastrum by Arthur (1934). The latter treatment is followed in this work
because in this writer's opinion generic separations should be based on adequate
morphological differences and except for the location of the teliospore germ
pores there appears to be no morphological differences.

183. P. agr/mon/ae (Diet.) Tranz. 1895. 6 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 1 PUR, 5 TRTC.
Range 2, 5, 40, 47, 51, 54 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Unknown, possibly
Tsuga. II III *Agrimonia gryposepala, A. pubescens {A. mollis), *A. striata.

184. P. americanum (Fori.) Arth. 1920. 9 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 5 PUR, 18 TRTC.
Range 5, 7, 8, 11, 17, 18, 39, 44, 45, 47, 50 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Picea
glauca{P. canadensis). II UlRubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus, and var. strigosus,
[*/?. neglectus], Rubus sp.

185. P. arcticum Tranz. 1895. 1 DAOM, 9 TRTC. Range 7, 8, 19, 40, 47. 0 I
Picea glauca (P. canadensis) no Ont. collections. II III Rubus pubescens.

186. P. epilobii Otth 1861 (P. pustulatum (Pers.) Diet.). 20 DAOM, 4 DEARN,
2 PUR, 18 TRTC. Range 5, 8, 10, 19, 31, 32, 40, 47, 48, 51, 54, and[Rupert
House and Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Abies balsamea. II III Epilobium
an gusti folium, E. coloratum, E. glandulosum var. adenocaulon and var. occidentale,
E. hirsutum, [£. palustre], E. strictum, Epilobium spp. Also Clarkia elegans
by inoculation from E. hirsutum.

33

187. P. goeppertianum (Kuehn.) Kleb. 1904. 5 DAOM, 12 TRTC. Range 47, 51,
54. 0 I * Abies balsamea. Ill V actinium angusti folium (V. pensylvanicum) , V.

vitis-ideae, Vaccinium spp. The conspicuous swelling of infected twigs and
stems of blueberry permits immediate recognition of this rust.

188. *P. guttatum (Schroet.) Hyl., Jorst., Nannf. 1953 (P. galii (Lk.) Fischer).
0 I Unknown. II III Galium triflorum TRTC 19556, 20406 Nipissing Dist. These
are the only Ontario collections. Arthur 1934 indicates this species to be spo-
radic in eastern North America (cf. Puccinia rubefaciens).

189. P. potentillae Korn. 1900. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range 47,
48, 49, 51, and [Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Unknown. II UlPotentilla tridentata.

190. P. pyrolae Diet, ex Arth. 1907. 5 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 2 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range
4, 25, 47, ?48, and [Rupert House and Great Whale River, Que.]. 0 I Unknown.
II III Pyrola elliptica [*P. minor], P. secunda. Hypophyllous and localized. It
is expected that where pyrolas occur along Hudson Bay the rust parasite will be
present also. (cf. Chrysomyxa pirolata).

191. *P. sparsum (Wint.) E. Fischer 1904. 0 I Picea abies known in Europe.
II III *Arctostaphylos rubra DAOM 23990 Lake River, Kenora Dist. (54°20'N), on
the west coast of James Bay. Although P. abies (Norway spruce) is planted in
Ontario, it is not likely that infection of the Arctostaphylos originated from such
cultivated trees. In the above region Picea glauca and P. mariana are common
and either might be an aecial host.

192. P. vaccinii (Wint.) Jorstad 1951 (P. myrtilli (Schum.) Arth.). 2 DAOM, 3
DEARN, 2 PUR, 7 TRTC. Range 5, 7, 47, 48 and [Norway Bay, Que.]. 0 I *Tsuga
canadensis, aecia hypophyllous, conspicuous by a white cylindrical peridium
(cf. Melampsora abietis-canadensis). II III Vaccinium angusti folium [V. pensyU
vanicum)t V. corymbosum, Vaccinium sp.

TRANZSCHELIA

Teliospores are two-celled and in general appearance resemble those of
Puccinia. Separation from the latter is maintained because teliospore pedicels
are fused together and arise from a common base. This condition is directly
opposite to that found in the genus Puccinia.

193. T. anemones (Pers.) Nannf. 1939 {T. fusca Diet., T. thalictri (Chev.)Diet.).
8 DAOM, 5 DEARN, 5 PUR, 10 TRTC. Range 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 40,
53, and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 III Anemone quinquefolia; *Thalictrum dioicum,
T. polygamum.

194. T. pruni-spinosoe (Pers.) Diet. 1922. 5 DAOM, 9 DEARN, 5 PUR, 3 TRTC.
Range 3, 5, 8, 16, 26 and [lie Perrot, Que.]. 0 I Anemone quinquefolia, Hepatica
acutiloba. Aecia are brown, hypophyllous, scattered, and the peridia open widely
and generally split into 4 lobes. II III *Prunus americana, *P. persica, *P.
serotina, P. virginiana.

34

UREDINOPSIS

Like Milesia (q.v.), Uredinopsis causes infection of needles of balsam fir
( 0 I), then alternates to the fronds of various ferns (II III). There are two types
of uredinio spores, the ordinary type (IP) and amphispores (11^). Except for the
thicker wall of (II ), the latter resemble the former but they function, by means
of this thicker wall and a required dormant period, to overwinter the fungus and
to reinfect the fern the following spring. The treatment here follows Faull 's
monograph of the genus (1938) and therefore recognizes seven species that occur
in Ontario. Faull did much of his culture work at Timagimi, Nipissing Dist.,
and some of this material is located at the University of Toronto.

195. U. americana Syd. 1903 {U. mirabilis (Peck) Magn. 1904). 8 DAOM, 5
DEARN, 2 PUR, 17 TRTC. Range 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 38, 41, 43,
47, 48, 54 and [lie Perrot and Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Abies balsamea hypo-
phyllous on needles of current season. IV Ir- III Onoclea sensibilis hypophyllous
(amphigenous). Records from Kenora Dist., Norfolk and Wellington Co. were
obtained from Bisby et al. (1938) and Faull (1938) respectively.

196. U. atkinsonii Magnus 1904. 3 DEARN, 2 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 2, 5, 8, 11,
19. 0 1 Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current season, no records
from Ontario. II* 11^ III Dryopteris thelypteris hypophyllous (amphigenous).

197. U. ceratophora Faull 1938. 2 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range 17, 19, 27, 47. 0 I
Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current season. II1 11^ III Cystopteris
bulbifera hypophyllous (amphigenous). This species was segregated by Faull
(1938) from U. atkinsonii Magn., U. copelandii Syd., and U. struthiopteridis

Stormer.

198. U. longimucronata Faull 1938. 1 DAOM, 14 TRTC. Range 11, 17, 19, 47 and
[Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current
season. II* 11^ III Athyrium felix-femina hypophyllous (amphigenous). Like the
previous species, this is a segregate from a number of other entities (Faull 1938).

199. U. osmundae Magn. 1904. 6 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 23 TRTC. Range 5, 19, 40,
43, 45, 47, 51. 0 I Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current season.
II III Osmunda cinamomea, O. claytoniana, *0. regalis, Osmunda sp. hypophyllous
(amphigenous). Amphispores are absent.

200. U. phegopteridis Arth. 1907. 3 DAOM, 3 TRTC. Range 45, 47, 51. 0 I Abies
balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current season. II III Dryopteris disjimcta
(D. linneana, Phegopteris dryopteris) hypophyllous (amphigenous). Amphispores
are absent.

201. U. struthiopteridis Stormer ex Diet. 1895. 1 DAOM, 2 TRTC. Range 47. 0 I
Abies balsamea hypophyllous on needles of current season. II1 lr III Matteuccia
struthiopteris {Pteretis pensylvanica) hypophyllous (amphigenous). Bisby et al.
(1938) report all stages from Rennie, Manitoba, and it is likely that the species
occurs in adjacent parts of Ontario.

35

UREDO

In this form-genus are included those rusts that possess uredinia but have
no known telia connection.

202. [*Uredo behnickiana P. Henn. 1905. II Oncidium longipes TRTC 30,004
obtained from potted plants in the greenhouses of the University of Toronto. The
orchid on which this tropical rust was found had been received from Brazil.]

UROMYCES

Rusts of the genus Uromyces are identified by their single-celled telio-
spore^. In all other respects they resemble Puccinia.

203. *U. acuminatus Arth. 1883. 0 I Lysimachia ciliata {Steironema ciliatum)

TRTC 3320 Brant Co. II III Spartina spp. No collections from Ontario.

204. (J. americanus Speg. 1909. (segregate of U. scirpi Burr.) 0 I unknown. II
III Scirpus validus DEARN 3472 Lambton Co. The subepidermal, loculate nature
of the telia distinguishes this species from U. lineolatus. For other differences
see description in Mycologia 27:610-612. 1935.

205. U. ari-triphylli (Schw.) Seeler 1942 {(J. caladii (Schw.). FarL). 14 DAOM,
4 DEARN, 5 PUR, 27 TRTC. Range 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23,
25, 26, 40 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I II III Arisaema atrorubens, A.dracontium,
A. triphyllum; *Peltandra virginica. 0 I systemic and conspicuous whereas II III
are localized and more difficult to discern in the field.

206 [*L/. armeriae Lev. 1867 (U. limonii (DC.) Lev. var. armeriae (Schl.) Arth.).
ssp. hudsonicus Savile and Conners 1951. 0 I II III Armeria maritima var. labra-
dorica DAOM 23450, 23451 Great Whale River, Que.]

207. U. asclepiadis Cke. 1877. 5 DAOM, 1 DEARN. Range 2, 4, 5, 11. 0 I II III
Asclepias incarnata, A. syriaca. Pycnia and aecia have not been found in Ontario
and indeed pycnia are unknown and the presence of aecia is uncertain. The
species is considered to be autoecious.

208. U. coloradensis Ell. and Ev. 1893. 0 I III Vicia americana (V. oregana)
Can. Fungi 4 in DAOM, Thunder Bay Dist., DAOM 23966, 40169 Kenora Dist.
Pycnia and aecia are systemic; telio spores are verrucose and readily distin-
guished from the smooth, long-pedicelled spores of U. fabae which also occurs
on V. americana. Three varieties are recognized in North America one of which,
var. compester Arth., ranges from Ontario to the southern United States.

209. U. c//onf/i/(Pers.)Niessl. 1872(0'. caryophyllinus Wint.).7 DAOM, 1 DEARN,
3 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 40 and [Aylmer and Montreal, Que.]. 0
I Euphorbia gerardiana known only in Europe. II III Dianthus caryophyllus.
Rust occurs on carnations grown under glass and in the garden; there is some
indication of varietal resistance in the host.

36

210. U. euphorbiae Cke. & Pk. in Pk. 1873 (U. proeminens Pass.).15 DAOM,
4 DEARN, 2 PUR, 10 TRTC. Range 1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 19, 22, 24, 32, 40and[Gatineau
area Que.]. 0 I II III Euphorbia dentata, *E. glyptosperma, E. humistrata, *E.
maculata, *£. serpy Hi folia, E. vermiculata (E. hirsuta), Euphorbia spp. In his
treatment of this species under U. proeminens, Arthur (1934) recognized four
varieties, three of which are known from Ontario: var. typica, var. euphorbiicola,
var. poinsettioe. Arthur's varietal distinctions depended mainly on differences
in the hosts; however, the latter have since been shown to have a much closer
relationship and Fernald (1950) has placed them all in the genus Euphorbia.

211. U. fabae (Grev.) DBy ex Cke. 1879. 17 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 4 PUR, 9 TRTC.
Range 4, 5, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 35, 40, 41, 45, 47, 50, 51. 0 I II III Lathyrus
ochroleucus, L. palustris var. myrtifolius, (L. myrtifolius); *Pisum sativum;
*Vicia cracca *Vicia sp. The race on Vicia cracca attacks Pisum sativum but
apparently not Lathyrus spp.

212. *U. geranii (DC.) Lev. 1847. 11 DAOM, 3 TRTC. Range 35, 40. 0 I II III
Geranium albiflorum, G. an emonae folium, G. platypetalum, G. pratense, G.
sylvaticum, Geranium sp. All specimens are recorded on cultivated Geranium.

213. [*L/. hoisted ii de Toni in Sacc. 1888. 0 I Trillium erectum DAOM 18681,
T. grandiflorum DEARN 7470. Both collections are from He Perrot, Que. II III
Leersia spp. but not known from Ontario or Quebec]

214. *U. hedysari-obscuri (DC.) Lev. 1849. 3 DAOM, 1 TRTC. Range 51, 53, 54
and [Harricanaw River, Que.]. 0 I III [lledysarum alpinum], H. alpinum var.
americanum (H. americanum), H. mackenzii. Uredinia are absent but secondary
aecia may accompany telia on the upper leaf surface. In contrast primary aecia
occur in large groups, are hypophyllous and are accompanied by pycnia.

215. U. hedysari-paniculati (Schw.) Fori. 1879. 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 2 TRTC.
Range 5, 11, 33. 0 I II III *Desmodium canadense, D. glabellum (D. dillenii).
Pycnia and aecia are not present in the Ontario specimens.

216. U. ho/way/ Lagerh. 1889. 2 DAOM, 2 DEARN, 2 PUR, 8 TRTC. Range 4,
5, 8, 11, 19. 0 1 II III Lilium canadense, L. michiganense, *L. superbum, Lilium

sp.

217. U. junci (Desm.) Tul. 1854. 0 I Aster macrophyllus PUR 13126 (TRTC
J.H. Faull 4910) Nipissing Dist. II III Juncus spp. not known in Ontario.

218. *0. junci-effusi Syd. 1910. 0 I not known. II III on Juncus effusus DAOM
59425 Middlesex Co. The single specimen from Ontario bears only telia (cf. U.
silphii).

219. U. lespedezae-procumbentis (Schw.) Curt. 1867. 6 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 2 PUR,
11 TRTC. Range 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 19, 40. 0 I II III Lespedeza capita *L. hirta,
*L. intermedia (L. frutescens), Lespedeza sp. To date only uredinia and telia
have been collected in Ontario.

37

220. U. limonii (DC.) Lev. 1849. 0 I II III Limonium vulgare DEARN 3161 Essex
Co., DAOM 20816 Wellington Co. Arthur (1934) included with this species, but
under varietal rank, the rust on Armeria. The latter was given specific status by
Savile and Conners in 1951 at which time they described (J. limonii-caroliniani
for an opsis-form on Limonium carolinianum (L. nashii) long confused with U.
limonii. (J, limonii-caroliniani is known from Quebec but its host is absent from
Ontario.

221. U. lineolatus (Desm.) Schroet. 1876 (U. scirpi (Cast.) Burr. 1884). 1 DAOM,
1 PUR, 2 TRTC. Range 25, 40. 0 I Sium suave (S. cicutae folium) II III Scirpus
fluviatilis. Pycnia and aecia are known also on Cicuta spp. (cf. (J. americanus).

222. *U. minimus J.J. Davis 1894. 0 I unknown. II III Muhlenbergia glomerata
(M. racemosa) DAOM 51843 Bruce Co.

223. U. nerviphilus (Grog.) Hotson 1925. 0 I III Trifolium repens DEARN 1302,
3372 Middlesex Co., TRTC 2172, 30389 York Co. This is essentially an opsis-
form of (J. trifolii.

224. U. perigynius Halst. 1889. 1 DEARN, 3 PUR, 1 TRTC. Range 5, 8. 0 I No
Ontario collections, but reported to occur on Compositae (Rudbeckia lacinata
and Solidago rugosa). II III *Carex bebbii, C. cristatella, C. tribuloides.

225. U. phaseoli (Reben.) Wint. 1881. 4 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 1 PUR, 5 TRTC.
Range 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 17, 19, 40. 0 I II III. *Amphicarpa bracteata; *Phaseolus
coccineus, P. vulgaris; Strophostyles helvola. In some years bean rust may be
of local importance. For instance rust was sporadic in southwestern Ontario
prior to 1947 but in that year it became widespread and caused severe damage
(Canadian Plant Disease Survey for 1947). Arthur (1934) recognizes three
varieties.

226. U. polygoni-avicularis (Pers.) Karst. 1879 (U. polygoni (Pers.) Fckl. 1870).
4 DAOM, 4 DEARN, 5 PUR, 5 TRTC. Range 2, 5, 8, 11, 19, 40, 45, 47 and
[Montreal area, Que.]. 0 I II III Polygonum aviculare, *P. erectum, P. hydropi-
peroides, *P. ramossissimum, Polygonum sp.

227. U. rhyncosporae Ellis 1893. 0 I unknown. II III Rhynocospora alba DEARN
3106 (PUR 12480-12484 inch, TRTC 6831) Middlesex Co., DAOM 46171 Waterloo
Co., DAOM 28061 Parry Sound Dist. The Dearness material is in excellent
condition and shows extremely heavy infection. The site was revisited in 1958
in an attempt to find the alternate host. Although Rhyncospora was moderately
abundant, rust was not evident on either the past or current season plants.

228. U. rudbeckiae Arth. <S Holw. in Arth. 1884. Ill Rudbeckia laciniata DEARN
1976 (PUR 38754), PUR 38732 Middlesex Co.

229. U. silphii Arth. 1907. 4 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 7 TRTC. Range 5, 19,
40, 45, 47 and [Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I Aster macrophyllus. II III *Juncus

38

dudleyi, */. effusus, J. tenuis (J. macer), Juncus sp. ; Helianthus and Silphium
are also known to support pycnia and aecia. Three species ot Uromyces are
reported on Juncus in North America, (J. junci and (J. junci-effusi are also
reported from Ontario.

230. U. sparganii Cke. & Pk. 1874 {U. pyriformis Cke.). 34 DAOM, 2 DEARN,
5 PUR, 3 TRTC. Range 3, 17, 31, 40 and [Buckingham, Hull and Bristol, Que.].
0 I Hypericum virginicum. II III Acorus calamus, Sparganium eurycarpum. Parmelee
and Savile (1954) have combined U. sparganii and U. pyriformis having shown
that they are cross-inocuable, morphologically indistinguishable and have their
aecial stage on Hypericum virginicum.

231. U. striatus Schroet. 1870. 23 DAOM, 1 DEARN, 1 PUR, 6 TRTC. Range
5, 8, 11, 13, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 41, 45. 0 I Euphorbia cyparissias,
systemic. II III [,Medicago falcata], M. lupulina, M. sativa. The first North
American specimens of the 0 I stages were collected at Braeside, Renfrew Co.,
where Euphorbia was abundant along roadsides and in fields not under cul-
tivation. Rusted Euphorbia has also been found at Homings Mills, Dufferin Co.;
there the host flourishes in areas fallen into disuse and, as at Braeside, the
soil is decidedly light, even gravelly. At both sites Medicago, Trifolium, Vicia
and Melilotus were all associated with infected Euphorbias but uredinia and
telia developed only on the Medicago.

232. U. trifolii (Hedw. f. ex DC.) Lev. 1847. 13 DAOM, 3 DEARN, 3 PUR, 21
TRTC. Range 1, 5, 9, 11, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 40, 45, 47, 49, and [Montreal
area, Que.]. 0 I II III Trifolium hybridum, T. pratense, T. repens. The clovers
listed were the primary hosts in Arthur's (1934) three varieties, respectively
hybridi, trifolii-repentis, and fallens.

233. U. triquetrus Cke. 1862 (U. hyperici (Spreng.) Curt. 1867). 9 DAOM, 4
DEARN, 7 PUR, 12 TRTC. Range 3, 8, 10, 13, 25, 32, 40, 42, 43, 47 and
[Gatineau area, Que.]. 0 I II III ^Hypericum boreale, *H. ellipticum, H. kalmianum,
*H. mutilum, *H. punctatum, H. spathulatum (H. prolificum), H. virginicum,
Hypericum sp.

39

References

Arthur, J.C. (1934) Manual of the rusts of United States and Canada. Purdue
Research Foundation, Lafayette, Ind.

Bailey, L.H. (1949) Manual of cultivated plants. Macmillan Co., New York.

Bisby, G.R. et at. (1938) The fungi of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. National
Research Council, Ottawa.

Boyce, J.S. (1957) The fungus causing western gall rust and woodgate rust of
pines. Forest Science 3: 225-234.

Cummins, G.B. (1931) Phragmidium species of North America: differential telio-
spore and aecial characters. Mycologia 23: 433-445.

Cummins, G.B. and Stevenson, J. A. (1956) A check list of North American rust
fungi (Uredinales). Plant Disease Survey, U.S.D.A., Beltsville, Md.

Dutilly, A. et at. (1954) Contribution a la flore du versant occidental de la Baie
James, Ontario. Contrib. Arctic Inst., S.F. Catholic University of
America, Washington, D.C.

Faull, J.H. (1932) Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the genus Milesia.
Contribs. Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ. II. Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Faull, J.H. (1938) Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the genus
Uredinopsis. Contribs. Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ. XI. Jamaica
Plain, Mass.

Fernald, M.L. (1950) Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed. American Book Co., New
York.

Fox, W.S. and Soper, J.H. (1953) Distribution of some trees and shrubs of the
north Carolinian zone of southern Ontario. Trans. Royal Can.
Inst. 30: 3-7.

Haddow, W.R. and Hill, A.W. (1954) Blister rust reconnaissance in Ontario.
Interim Report, Forest Biology Division, Canada Dept. Agriculture,
Ottawa.

Hedgecock, G.G. and Siggers, P.V. (1949) Comparison of the pine-oak rusts.
U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 978, Washington, D.C.

Hiratsuka, N. (1936) A monograph of the Pucciniastreae. Mem. Tottori Agr. Coll.
4, Tottori, Japan. ,

Hiratsuka, N. (1958) Revision of the taxonomy of the Pucciniastreae. Tokyo,
Japan.

40

Hylander, N., Jorstad, L, and Nannfeldt, J. A. (1953) Enumeratio Uredinearum
Scandinavicarum. Opera Botan. 1:1.

Jackson, H.S. (1931) Present evolutionary tendencies and the origin of life
cycles in the Uredinales. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 18: 1.

Parmelee, J. A. and Savile, D.B.O. (1954) Life history and relationship of the
rusts of Sparganium and Acorus. Mycologia 46: 823-836.

Prince, A.E. and Steinmetz (1940) Gymnosporangium rusts in Maine and their
host relationships. Maine Bulletin 42: 2.

Prince, A.E. (1946) Gymnosporanium nidus-avis Thaxter. Farlowia 2: 475-525.

Render, A. (1951) Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs (2nd. ed.). Macmillan
Co., New York.

Saccardo, P. A. (1912) Sylloge Fungorum 21: 729. Pavia, Italy.

Savile, D.B.O. (1950) North American species of Chrysomyxa. Can. Jour. Res.
C28: 318-330.

Savile, D.B.O. (1951) The relationship of Puccinia praegracilis and Puccinia
connersii. Mycologia 43: 456-458.

Savile, D.B.O. (1954) Taxonomy, phylogeny, host relationship and phyto geography
of the microcyclic rusts of Saxifragaceae. Can. Jour. Bot. 32:
400-425.

Savile, D.B.O. (1955) Chrysomyxa in North America - additions and corrections.
Can. Jour. Bot. 33: 487-496.

Savile, D.B.O. and Parmelee, J. A. (1956) Some fungal parasites of the Portu-
lacaceae. Mycologia 48: 573-590.

Soper, J.H. Heimburger, L.M. and Garay, L.A. (1957) Shrubs of Ontario, Pt. 1.
Ont. Dept. Planning and Development, Toronto.

Sydow, P. and H. (1915) Monographia Uredinearum III: 145. Leipzig.

41

INDEX TO HOSTS
Numerals refer to species numbers

Abies

37, 39, 42, 50,

,52,

Armeria

206

53, 54, 186, 187,

195, 196, 197,

198,

Artemesia

130

199, 200, 201

Asclepias

169, 207

Achillea

138

Asparagus

77

Acorus

230

Aster

13, 78, 103, 217,

Actaea

165

229

Agrimonia

183

Athyrium

198

Agropyron

99, 113, 165

Avena

99, 113

Agrostis

99, 113, 125,

153

Bellis

141

Alopecurus

113, 165

Berberis

113, 162

Althea

132

Betula

51

Ambrosia

87, 182

Bidens

142

Amelanchier

29,30,31,35

Briza

113

Ammophila

113

Bromus

165

Amphicarpa

225

Calamagrostis

99

Andropogon

69, 107

Calamoviifa

173

Anemone

70, 131, 158,

165,

Calistephus

13

193, 194

Caltha

85, 86

Angelica

71

Campanula

11

Antirrhinum

73

Cardamine

74

Apocynum

169

Carex

1, 83, 88, 89, 103,

Arabis

74, 140, 175

123, 127, 137, 139,
224

Aralia

55

Carthamus

90

Arctium

80

Centaurea

90, 101

Arctostaphylos

3, 191

Cephalanthus

169

Arenaria

76

Cerastium

50, 76

Arisaema

205

42

Chaerophyllum

151

Dirca

1, 103

Chamaedaphne

6

Draba

104, 175

Chrysanthemum

91

Dryopteris

37, 52, 53, 196, 200

Cichorium

118

Dulichium

103

Cicuta

92,

221

Elaeagnus

89

Cimicifuga

165

Eleocharis

106

Cinna

113

Elymus

99, 113, 165

Circea

93

Empetrum

5

Cirsium

84, 95, 161

Epilobium

103, 109, 186

Clarkia

185

Erigenia

110

Claytonia

23,

123

Erigeron

103

Clematis

165

Eriophorum

72

Clintonia

136

•

Erythronium

168

Comandra

17,

69

Eupatorium

106, 174

Comptonia

18

Euphorbia

44, 146, 209, 210, 231

Convolvulus

98

Eestuca

99, 113

Cornus

156

Fraxinus

172

Crataegus

29,

30, 33

Galium

159, 160, 167, 188

Cryptogramma

38

Gaultheria

4

Cryptotaenia

100

Gentiana

112, 114

Cydonia

30

Geocaulon

17,96

Cyperus

87

Geranium

155, 212

Cystopteris

38,

197

Glyceria

113

Dactylis

113

Gnaphalium

120

Decodon

139

Habenaria

157

Deschampsia

157

Halenia

114

Desmodium

215

Hedysarum

214

Dianthus

209

Helianthus

115,229

43

Hepatica

194

Lycopsis

165

Heuchera

117

Lycopus

72, 165

Hieracium

111, 118

Lysimachia

102, 127, 203

Hordeum

113, 119

Mahonia

22

Hydrophyllum

120

Malva

132

Hypericum

230, 231

Matte uccia

201

Impatiens

165

Medicago

231

Iris

122, 168

Melampyrum

16

J uncus

217, 218, 229

Melilotus

231

Juniperus

28, 29, 30, 31, 32,

OO , O^ , OO

Mentha

72, 135

Milium

113

Koeleria

125, 140

Mitella

116

Lactuca

103

Monarda

135

Lap sana

124

Moneses

8

Larix

45, 47, 48, 51

Muhlenbergia

222

Lathyrus

211

Myosotis

105

Ledum

6, 7, 10

Myrica

18

Leers ia

213

(Nabalus)

79, 103, 143

Lespedeza

219

Oenothera

103

Liatris

125

Oncidium

202

Ligusticum

126

Onoclea

195

Lilium

216

Ornithogalum

202

Limonium

220

Oryzopsis

162

Lin urn

46

Osmorhiza

152

Lobelia

129

Osmunda

199

Lolium

99

Oxalis

145, 171

Luzula

141

Panax

75

Lycium

176

Pnnicnm

108, 146

44

Pedicularis

94

Pyrus

30, 32, 34

Peltandra

205

Quercus

19

Penstemon

69

Ranunculus

82, 105, 158, 165

Petasites

97

Rhamnus

99

Phalaris

168

Rheum

148

Phaseolus

225

Rhus

26, 27, 67

Phleum

114

Rhyncospora

227

Phlox

152

Ribes

20, 49, 88, 166

Phragmites

131, 148

Rosa

56,59, 61,63,66

Physalis

1, 149

Rubus

40, 58, 64, 65, 184,

1 or-

Physostegia

150

Rudbeckia

185
224, 228

Picea

4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

9, 10

50, 184, 185, 1

.91

Rumex

68, 144, 148

Pinus

11, 12, 13, 14,
18, 19, 20, 21

, 16, 17,

Salix

Sambucus

42, 43, 48, 49
83

Pisum

211

Sanicula

134

Poa

113, 153

Satureja

135

Podophyllum

154

Saxifraga

43, 117, 147

Polygala

163

Scirpus

72, 142, 204, 221

Polygonum

81, 148, 155,

226

Secale

113, 165

Polypodium

54

Senecio

72, 164

Populus

41,45,47

Sempervivum

24

Potentilla

25, 57, 60, 6:

>, 189

Shepherdia

89

Prenanthes

79, 103, 143

Silphium

170, 229

Prunus

194

Sium

221

Ptelea

181

Smilacina

168, 173

(Pteretis)

201

Solidago

12, 13, 177,224

Pycnanthemum

136

Sparganium

230

Pyrola

8, 190

45

Spartina

169, 172, 203

Trisetum

140, 153

Spergula

76

Triticurn

113, 165

Sphenopholis

105

Tsuga

41, 183, 192

(Steironema)

102, 203

Urtica

88, 122

Stellaria

50, 76

Vaccinium

187, 192

Stipa

140

Valeriana

122

Strophostyles

224

Vernonia

14

Taenidia

71

Viburnum

15, 128

Taraxacum

118

Vicia

208,211,231

Thalictrum

165, 193

Vinca

178

Tiarella

116

Viola

107, 179

To vara

155

Waldsteinia

180

Trientalis

123

Xanthium

87, 182

Trifoliura

223, 231, 232

Zea

171

Trillium

213

Zizia

71

Triodia

181

Zygadenus

79

46

THE QUEEN'S PRINTER AND CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY

OTTAWA. 1960

2M-2671 1-4-60

Cat. No. A43-1080

CAL/BCA OTTAWA K1A 0C5

9073 00185005

Copies of this publication may be obtained from:
Information Division
Canada Department of Agriculture
Ottawa, Ontario